text stringlengths 4 7.07k | text_hash stringlengths 32 32 | __index_level_0__ int64 1 1.81M |
|---|---|---|
= = = = Offenses against chastity = = = =
| 2b5307fe1eb02accc0d04adbc4ebd84f | 4,962 |
The Catechism lists the following " offenses against chastity " in increasing order of gravity :
| 99c17e53e879503144ba83ed7b455dac | 4,964 |
Lust : the Church teaches that sexual pleasure is good and created by God , who meant for spouses to " experience pleasure and enjoyment of body and spirit " . Kreeft says , " Lust does not mean sexual pleasure as such , nor the delight in it , nor the desire for it in its right context . " Lust is the desire for sexu... | 59d01e2d4c2f11be5148cac61efe4e85 | 4,965 |
Masturbation is considered sinful for the same reasons as lust , but is a step above lust in that it involves a physical act instead of a mental one .
| 77ea0f6ac6020916bf53c1efae01bd18 | 4,966 |
Fornication is the sexual union of an unmarried man and an unmarried woman . This is considered contrary to " the dignity of persons and of human sexuality " because it is not ordered to the " good of spouses " or the " generation and education of children . "
| 664e5b368914777d66edb9b6ed4c810a | 4,967 |
Pornography ranks higher because it is considered a perversion of the sexual act that is intended for distribution to third parties for viewing .
| dad8b23df6c73724bdf87b8550fb98d7 | 4,968 |
Prostitution is considered sinful for both the prostitute and the customer ; it reduces a person to an instrument of sexual pleasure , violating human dignity and harming society . The gravity of the sinfulness is less for prostitutes who are forced into the act by destitution , blackmail or social pressure .
| ea4b5cd3ef38523d9f9b4176d560b47e | 4,969 |
Rape is an intrinsically evil act that can cause grave damage to the victim for life .
| 898f07fb1a76ca1ae8f480613a666411 | 4,970 |
Incest , or " rape of children by parents or other adult relatives " or " those responsible for the education of the children entrusted to them " is considered the most heinous of sexual sins .
| 2a72327832f92618b6de38a76e78d3bb | 4,971 |
= = = = Homosexuality = = = =
| 2d6b67e22c4ac78492ae13b43c50fa7d | 4,973 |
The Catechism devotes a separate section to homosexuality within its explanation of the sixth commandment . Like heterosexual acts outside of marriage , homosexual acts are considered sins . The Church distinguishes between homosexual attractions , which are not considered sinful , and homosexual acts , which are . Th... | 19880f1ba4f02bdd5c232068b13a10e6 | 4,975 |
Homosexuals are , according to the Church , " called to chastity " . They are instructed to practice the virtues of " self @-@ mastery " that teaches " inner freedom " using the support of friends , prayer and grace found in the sacraments of the Church . These tools are meant to help homosexuals " gradually and resol... | 9c5af9a0f09ca40608e7273c5fc53493 | 4,976 |
( Two lay movements represent opposing philosophies regarding homosexuality : DignityUSA seeks to change the Church 's teachings to justify homosexual acts ; Courage International is an organization of homosexuals who " support each other in the sincere effort to live in chastity and in fidelity to Christ and his Chur... | e9665ab398caad19732216efe8db0264 | 4,977 |
= = = Love of husband and wife = = =
| 8b02ce92491a654178a160c8a81247b8 | 4,979 |
According to Church teaching , spousal love is intended to form an unbroken , two @-@ fold end : the union of husband and wife and the transmission of life . The unitive aspect includes the transference of each partner 's being " so that they are no longer two but one flesh . " The sacrament of matrimony is viewed as ... | 99f3e4711967f56ba2fbfa7f91a7364d | 4,981 |
= = = = Fecundity of marriage , sexual pleasure , birth control = = = =
| bf90de9c5346f0a271a0a17e83a032f9 | 4,983 |
The Church position on sexual activity can be summarized as : " sexual activity belongs only in marriage as an expression of total self @-@ giving and union , and always open to the possibility of new life . " Sexual acts in marriage are considered " noble and honorable " and are meant to be enjoyed with " joy and gra... | e3589eb443b2a208d7cde56205e2544e | 4,985 |
Artificial birth control predates Christianity ; the Catholic Church has condemned these methods throughout its history . In response to the Church of England accepting the practice of artificial contraception in 1930 , the Catholic Church issued the papal encyclical Casti connubii on 31 December 1930 . The 1968 papal... | bf70da08e906fee5272f99cd4d6a6e07 | 4,986 |
The Church seeing large families as a sign of God 's blessing . " By its very nature the institution of marriage and married love is ordered to the procreation and education of the offspring and it is in them that it finds its crowning glory . " ( Gaudium et spes ) Children are the supreme gift of marriage and contrib... | 0fad64dd14f68ef1fc85c4f813e93cb4 | 4,987 |
Many Western Catholics and non @-@ Catholics have voiced disagreement on the Church 's support for natural family planning , and contend it contributes to overpopulation and poverty . The Church 's rejection of condom use is widely criticized , in particular with regard to countries where the incidence of AIDS and HIV... | ec9c747a36ed6c9f07749b80386339af | 4,988 |
= = = = Offenses against the dignity of marriage = = = =
| c3c8484ea088452997cbab2716b66ace | 4,990 |
According to the Church , adultery and divorce are considered offenses against the dignity of marriage and are defined as follows :
| 9f8a383651c875b149340ad13558b22b | 4,992 |
Adultery is the sexual union of a man and woman where at least one is married to someone else . It is for this reason that the Church considers it a greater sin than fornication . Kreeft states , " The adulterer sins against his spouse , his society , and his children as well as his own body and soul . "
| 5501aa75ef8d6d5acc9b460fa8367785 | 4,993 |
Divorce : According to the Catholic New American Bible translation , Jesus taught , " whoever divorces his wife ( unless the marriage is unlawful ) causes her to commit adultery , and whoever marries a divorced woman commits adultery . " Explaining Church interpretation of this teaching , Kreeft says Jesus considered ... | 6b485f33a3ad7642ff90acc0e2a83ac3 | 4,994 |
The Compendium of the Catechism 502 lists other offenses against the dignity of marriage : " polygamy , incest , free unions ( cohabitation , concubinage ) , and sexual acts before or outside of marriage " .
| e5ae35fef868845a0e4473b61b01cbf9 | 4,995 |
= = = = Separation , civil divorce , annulments = = = =
| 78bc8b2c123106956160e38cc3c15850 | 4,997 |
According to the Church , there are situations that do not equate to divorce :
| 4408c614d7670995c6444003a9ac3c7f | 4,999 |
In extreme situations , such as domestic violence , separation is allowed . This is not considered a divorce and may be justified .
| 455184d93cd29444d7ed6d8ba789eb91 | 5,000 |
Civil divorce is not a divorce according to the Church . If it is deemed to be the only way of ensuring legal rights , care of children , or protection of inheritance , the Church considers it morally acceptable .
| 1fd8c12ea77a8865c4494cb38d24338b | 5,001 |
Annulment is not a divorce ; it is a ruling by the Church that the marriage was never valid . The marriage is deemed invalid if it lacks one of five integral elements : it should be " complete " , " lifelong " , " mutual " , a " free gift " and of " man and woman " . According to Pope John Paul II 's Address to the Ro... | b817eae3ba28336b69b7220bc99f0715 | 5,002 |
... signs that might indicate reasons to investigate for an annulment are : marriage that excluded at the time of the wedding the right to children , or to a permanent marriage , or to an exclusive commitment . In addition , there are youthful marriages ; marriages of very short duration ; marriages marked by serious ... | b6535c97eb93eb3991579922e54c4cab | 5,003 |
= = Seventh commandment = =
| ff58e2bd12f67f63e720bd49bada9ec9 | 5,005 |
The Catechism explains that this commandment regulates worldly goods , and forbids unjustly taking , using or damaging those that belong to someone else . It places requirements upon those who possess worldly goods to use them responsibly , taking into consideration the good of society . The Catechism addresses the co... | 4b80909475b6b595f6a7984d2feba382 | 5,007 |
= = = Private property = = =
| 44a3ededc5aacffad63264ef1d8eb102 | 5,009 |
According to the Church , people have a right to private property . However , ownership makes that person " a steward " who is expected to make it " fruitful " or profitable in a way that benefits others after that person has first taken care of their family . Private property and the common good are seen as complemen... | e48f6960ad6a7345d6fe46f828a032a7 | 5,011 |
= = = Theft = = =
| b632f94f299c0498bd260f2d726b52a6 | 5,013 |
According to the Catechism , theft or stealing means " usurping another 's property against the reasonable will of the owner " though exclusion exists for someone in great need to survive . " Unjustly taking and keeping the property of others " considered as theft , even if the act is outside the scope of civil law . ... | 1ab26f67dd025060c6b1aa35c71cdd61 | 5,015 |
Following acts are also considered as violation of the seventh commandment : price manipulation to get advantage on the harm of others , corruption , appropriation of the public goods for personal interests , work poorly carried out , tax avoidance , counterfeiting of checks or any means of payment , any forms of copy... | f37c20f7179835be3f7d123983f754c2 | 5,016 |
= = = Social justice = = =
| f62cc9517675eb3527d0dfef96bbb171 | 5,018 |
The papal encyclical Rerum novarum discusses the relationships and mutual duties between labor and capital , as well as government and its citizens . Of primary concern was the need for some amelioration for " the misery and wretchedness pressing so unjustly on the majority of the working class " . The encyclical supp... | 7f5829bd51ae054ac0f6fbf20e3dbfdd | 5,020 |
Church interpretation of the seventh commandment teaches that business owners should balance a desire for profits that will ensure the future of the business with a responsibility toward the " good of persons " . Business owners are required to pay their workers a reasonable wage , honor contracts , and abstain from d... | c1b4d615a21127176280cd73a10f70f1 | 5,021 |
The Church teaches that a balance should exist between government regulation and the laws of the marketplace . It deems that sole reliance on the marketplace ( pure capitalism ) insufficiently addresses many human needs , while sole reliance on government regulation ( pure socialism ) " perverts the basis of social bo... | 37d9dd656c8871cdc2d740379932791a | 5,022 |
Wealthier nations , like wealthier individuals , have a moral obligation to help poorer nations and individuals , and work to reform financial institutions and economic factors to benefit all .
| 54ce74e70eb3f648c0703c69fbe46e33 | 5,023 |
= = Eighth commandment = =
| 6362c14be30f6b14b88969e095d676ae | 5,025 |
The Catechism explains that bearing false witness or " speaking a falsehood with the intention of deceiving " encompasses all violations of truth . These violations have degrees of gravity depending on the " intentions of the one who lies and the harms suffered by its victims . " Listed as follows , these are :
| 52889522d9a25d77e4c9ac3db4c97629 | 5,027 |
False witness and perjury : statements made publicly in court which obstruct justice by condemning the innocent or exonerating the guilty , or which may increase the punishment of the accused .
| c352f4ee5b2076d326f12bb2e3c9dfe1 | 5,028 |
Rash judgement : believing , without sufficient evidence , that a person has done moral faults .
| 172c7f5604216c6b4d18e82656cc6153 | 5,029 |
Detraction : the disclosure of another 's faults without a valid reason .
| f8f4187a237599802deb7c169682c10f | 5,030 |
Calumny : lying to harm a person 's reputation and providing opportunity to others to make false judgements concerning them .
| c92dc7536325150fb83722d83c0b6a78 | 5,031 |
Flattery : " speech to deceive others for our benefit . "
| f9e4444ac81082ac7e5def42053969d9 | 5,032 |
Bragging , boasting , or mocking : speech which either only honors oneself or dishonors others .
| be247be14471164a07f74a24888b2e6e | 5,033 |
The Church requires those who have damaged the reputation of another to " make reparation for the untruth they have communicated . " However , it does not require a person to reveal a truth to someone who does not have a right to know , and teaches respect for a right to privacy . Priests are prohibited from violating... | c2ca6e6430a1191df966b07a78abce06 | 5,034 |
Included in the Church teachings of this commandment is the requirement for Christians to bear witness to their faith " without equivocation " in situations that require it . The use of modern media in spreading untruths , by individuals , businesses or governments , is condemned .
| f6748151663adc4870f75cc84230f6e9 | 5,035 |
= = Ninth commandment = =
| 65fa6d6bc85843a09c36c9f8092fb5ab | 5,037 |
The ninth and tenth commandments deal with coveting , which is an interior disposition not a physical act . The Catechism distinguishes between covetousness of the flesh ( improper sexual desire ) and covetousness for another 's worldly goods . The ninth commandment deals with the former and the tenth the latter .
| cf5fdb6ef6b2e8ef785800219f105a2a | 5,039 |
Jesus emphasized the need for pure thoughts as well as actions , and stated , " Everyone who looks at a woman lustfully has already committed adultery with her in his heart " ( Matthew 5 : 28 ) . The Catechism states that , with the help of God 's grace , men and women are required to overcome lust and bodily desires ... | 7db70649562b10bad8a563037235fc18 | 5,040 |
Purity of heart is suggested as the necessary quality needed to accomplish this task ; common Catholic prayers and hymns include a request for this virtue . The Church identifies gifts of God that help a person maintain purity :
| 19068f60bffe7769a6eb9b11bef3557c | 5,041 |
Chastity , which enables people to love others with upright and undivided hearts .
| 259d71f745f59165ffb3fc5d254fa1ca | 5,042 |
Purity of intention , which seeks to fulfill God 's will in everything , knowing that it alone will lead to the true end of man .
| b32f7d8cee95f2c752c0fc7ba9c2a42f | 5,043 |
Purity of vision , " external and internal " , disciplining the thoughts and imagination to reject those that are impure .
| ba249e0ade7dcdfb3062189b79574a2e | 5,044 |
Prayer that recognizes the power of God to grant a person the ability to overcome sexual desires .
| ba3fde94cab72c57f6425cfa9b7c1088 | 5,045 |
Modesty , of the feelings as well as the body is discreet in choice of words and clothing .
| c727ef75efea68da96a6b12dd7391357 | 5,046 |
Jesus stated , " Blessed are the clean of heart , for they shall see God . " This purity of heart , which the ninth commandment introduces , is the " precondition of the vision of God " and allows the person to see situations and people as God sees . The Catechism teaches that " there is a connection between purity of... | e03bf69be40802905ad71f5e1d3cfe77 | 5,047 |
= = Tenth commandment = =
| 4ccf64b601f504b816785b0cb4b991a2 | 5,049 |
Detachment from riches is the goal of the tenth commandment and the first Beatitude ( " blessed are the poor in spirit " ) because , according to the Catechism , this precept is necessary for entrance into the Kingdom of heaven . Covetousness is prohibited by the tenth commandment because it is considered to be the fi... | 0c24f91f7ec765bea4b0dcf1a28f823a | 5,051 |
Greed is the desire for too much of what one does not need .
| c4bd70f37f8125e145af6d360b192b36 | 5,052 |
Envy is the desire for what belongs to another . The US Bishops define it as " an attitude that fills us with sadness at the sight of another 's prosperity . "
| 7e00a24748666d3ad56a2202a959e302 | 5,053 |
Explaining Church teaching of this commandment , Kreeft cites Saint Thomas Aquinas , who wrote , " An evil desire can only be overcome by a stronger good desire . " The US Bishops suggest that this can be achieved through cultivation of goodwill , humility and gratitude for one 's own and others ' blessings , while tr... | 9cf2cc2f3ae6882fd2451898eb269e35 | 5,054 |
= Yamaha NS @-@ 10 =
| b9aef6b8247462f2a26329f74266669e | 5,057 |
The Yamaha NS @-@ 10 is a loudspeaker that became a standard nearfield studio monitor in the music industry among rock and pop recording engineers . Launched in 1978 , the NS @-@ 10 started life as a bookshelf speaker destined for the domestic environment . It was poorly received but eventually became a valuable tool ... | e1688ce9848ab2673232d8c5b02da4bd | 5,059 |
Technically , it is known as a speaker that easily reveals poor quality in recordings . Recording engineers sought to dull its treble response by hanging tissue paper in front of it , resulting in what became known as the " tissue paper effect " , a type of comb filtering . The NS @-@ 10 has been used to monitor a lar... | 6f7372132ae5419311be5559f917cc90 | 5,060 |
= = History = =
| fd3fc667e330e6e3944a4f085f9ef39d | 5,062 |
Originally conceived as a domestic hi @-@ fi speaker , the NS @-@ 10 was designed by Akira Nakamura and launched in 1978 . It was sold at the $ 400 price point . The speaker was poorly received and its commercial life was short . However , it took five years for its popularity to be established with professional users... | 33ee0e202245b47fb99b0a8db61cc5b1 | 5,064 |
The NS @-@ 10 displaced the Auratone 5C Sound Cube as the nearfield monitor of choice in the 1980s and was recognised for its ability to reveal shortcomings in recordings . It probably first reached American shores through a recording engineer 's visit to Japan . The engineer , likely to have been Greg Ladanyi , monit... | 679735aef91149bf0d07e992cdb279f9 | 5,065 |
Early use of the NS @-@ 10 among engineers include Bob Clearmountain , Rhett Davies , and Bill Scheniman in the US , and Nigel Jopson in the UK . Clearmountain , then a rising star in record production , is often credited for the popularity of the NS @-@ 10 ; Phil Ward , writing in Sound on Sound , suggested that Clea... | 2f3a3964665e525ed2cb581a1328ed44 | 5,066 |
Recording studios around the world , particularly those specialising in rock and pop music , adopted the speaker as the standard . In excess of 200 @,@ 000 pairs were sold throughout the world . Gizmodo referred to it as " the most important loudspeaker you never heard of " .
| f2f55a79a0d8fb2d23bbddbe6daa1d0a | 5,067 |
Yamaha stopped manufacturing the speaker in 2001 , citing problems sourcing the wood pulp for the drivers . Even years after it was discontinued , the speaker continued to be found in studios everywhere . Mix reported in 2008 that variants of the NS @-@ 10 were still commercially available in the Japanese consumer mar... | 7a9e8e2c35dee6142b5a01755345ae72 | 5,068 |
= = Design and construction = =
| 21c1fe7eae77cc120400a18d09be7194 | 5,070 |
The NS @-@ 10 is an 8 @-@ ohm two @-@ way loudspeaker with a 10 @.@ 4 @-@ litre Sealed cabinet measuring 382 × 215 × 199 millimetres ( 15 @.@ 0 × 8 @.@ 5 × 7 @.@ 8 in ) and weighing 6 kilograms ( 13 @.@ 2 lb ) . Its 2 @.@ 5 cm ( 0 @.@ 98 in ) particle @-@ board cabinet has a wood veneer skin with seven black finishing... | 2efecb903ab61b8b940361a2fdaebeef | 5,072 |
Its two drivers are a 180 mm paper woofer and a 35 mm soft @-@ domed tweeter . The woofer 's diaphragm , weighing 3 @.@ 7 g , is manufactured from a flat sheet of pressed pulp paper . Unconventionally , it is formed into conical shape not through moulding or pressure , but by curling and then gluing the two ends toget... | 1cb44680bb6eefcd57a9444d72e2677c | 5,073 |
The network is second @-@ order passive , crossing over at 2 kHz . The frequency range is quoted from 60 Hz to 20 kHz , and rated power handling is 25 – 50 W. The early version of the speaker has press @-@ down type output terminals ; later models had screw terminals .
| 8478fa405ad535eba6544f0d5675a406 | 5,074 |
= = Signature sound = =
| a8b1d7ec3a6d758b0bbed25863d64b60 | 5,076 |
In simplistic terms , the NS @-@ 10 possesses sonic characteristics that allow record producers to assume that if a recording sounds good on these monitors , then it should sound good on most playback systems . Whilst it can reveal any shortcomings in the recording mix as well as the monitoring chain , it may lead to ... | 153c78e1ba36bada9605a9cd77029bf0 | 5,078 |
The NS @-@ 10 does not have a perfectly flat frequency response . The sound of the NS @-@ 10 is slightly heavy in the midrange , and like other sealed @-@ box speakers of similar size its bass extension is limited . It has a + 5 dB boost in the midrange at around 2 kHz , and the bottom end starts rolling off at 200 Hz... | 39fb64cb908579b78201520a12cd05be | 5,079 |
On a practical level for the music professional , the speaker is analytic and clinical @-@ sounding . Gizmodo likened the NS @-@ 10 to music editors who reveal the weaknesses of recordings , so that engineers would be forced to either make necessary compensation in the mix or otherwise rework them .
| 0d27f427e2020ec1ec44d3a333fdd4bb | 5,080 |
A 2001 report by Newell et al. at Southampton University undertaken for Studio Sound in 2001 found that the NS @-@ 10 had excellent time @-@ domain response at low frequencies – its ability to start and stop in response to signal input was found to be superior to that of most other nearfield monitors . Part of this wa... | 9327de14d8633244b58480eeb88c5c60 | 5,081 |
= = Product revisions = =
| fc0c291722fb0a2461a22c2615ecc8ae | 5,083 |
There were many other versions of the NS @-@ 10 , the best known of which were the " NS @-@ 10M Studio " and the " NS @-@ 10M Pro " , both introduced in 1987 . Technically identical to the " Studio " , the " Pro " comes fitted with a speaker grille and is meant to be used in a vertical orientation .
| 48376887cd19f1b80983f81e3943afdf | 5,085 |
The " professional " version launched some nine years after its first introduction on the back of the popularity of the NS @-@ 10 among engineers . The revised version , with everything including the logo and connection panel orientated horizontally , was badged " NS @-@ 10M Studio " . Improvements included a new twee... | a5e3e6bfc16dc74a2f6bf8e56bd0634f | 5,086 |
Also in the product line @-@ up were NS @-@ 10T , NS @-@ 10M X , NS @-@ 10MC , NS @-@ 10MT . The NS @-@ 10M X is a " Studio " with magnetic shielding and a different tweeter . In the 1990s Yamaha introduced the NS @-@ 10MT , a bass @-@ reflex version of the 10M X with a different tweeter and grille . Designed for home... | 305a0e20015b1967dc4c6a2bf554c33f | 5,087 |
= = Reception = =
| f8d79e3fcb54590ed5efe8209a7826d9 | 5,089 |
The sound quality of the NS @-@ 10 has polarised opinions , characterised as " love them or hate them " . Many professionals find it indispensable , even though they may not particularly enjoy listening to it ; others refuse to give it space in their studio but will happily admit that it is an effective professional t... | 017e1a7f506b6ed52914a5f2ba3492a2 | 5,091 |
= = Tissue paper effect = =
| 0d67b09144606518042a1f6936dfb312 | 5,093 |
Clearmountain was said to have been one of the first recording engineers to hang tissue paper over the tweeters of the NS @-@ 10 to tame the over @-@ bright treble . Covering the tweeters with tissue paper was said to produce treble @-@ deficient mixes when replayed on normal domestic hi @-@ fi . The phenomenon became... | 3b46691a503ff5f3e9aef59c1534b315 | 5,095 |
= = Influence = =
| b5de32c2420936ff08a99dd257b10edf | 5,097 |
The speaker came to be relied on by independent engineers , who worked in different studios and needed equipment they were familiar with as a reference point . Throughout the 1980s , engineers and producers worked widely with the speaker to monitor " [ almost ] any album you love from the 80s or 90s " – from Born in t... | 5792ebf9bd0dd09ab31b6a979a4c7a0a | 5,099 |
The NS @-@ 10 , and the Auratone before it , are two of the most influential nearfield monitors used in the professional mixing of sound recordings . In 2008 , the NS @-@ 10 was inducted into the Mix magazine TECnology Hall of Fame . Also reflecting its influence , the speaker won a Technical Grammy for Yamaha in 2007... | b95b652e3e5df716e597488ded5c624f | 5,100 |
= Utah State Route 61 =
| f2fc95af70d6d9b1f2e4b899b117310e | 5,103 |
State Route 61 ( SR @-@ 61 ) is a nearly 7 @.@ 3 @-@ mile @-@ long ( 11 @.@ 7 km ) state highway in the U.S. state of Utah , connecting SR @-@ 23 in Cornish , Cache County to U.S. Route 91 ( US @-@ 91 ) near Richmond via Lewiston , in the extreme northern part of the state . The highway has existed since at least 1914... | b94a9fbd9549392e85c1be7a87ac90c3 | 5,105 |
= = Route description = =
| 492dd728c7998b12b26ca6c56c46440f | 5,107 |
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