text stringlengths 4 7.07k | text_hash stringlengths 32 32 | __index_level_0__ int64 1 1.81M |
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" Hip Hop Star "
| 88e4b6b2b4a0fc451cc763c1150adec0 | 5,416 |
" Yes "
| 6204173cc6114d1a5b0d154d40e08d67 | 5,417 |
" Work It Out "
| 95ba27cc9a33cab9dc8d682506b0d249 | 5,418 |
" Gift from Virgo "
| b766b8c26dbc8dc4a2d530029f8650b8 | 5,419 |
" Be with You "
| ac124b266632d38e8e28a414603d118b | 5,420 |
" Speechless "
| 343380160835fb28ac78ba4fa9ed7015 | 5,421 |
Destiny 's Child Medley :
| 3a4c2c5a0c8d848fa24c8ee211a64faa | 5,422 |
" Bug a Boo "
| a7d43d6653c6fce0d77d48a0a80c03b9 | 5,423 |
" No , No , No Part 2 "
| 7a76446655e04de7aeed9aae2d628812 | 5,424 |
" Bootylicious "
| cc93f1a3ebe176d5d98d33024c351ea1 | 5,425 |
" Jumpin ' , Jumpin ' "
| 1386d493b00b7b453caafcdbcc068074 | 5,426 |
" Say My Name "
| c009d53e36a2f0da76456cb0f28ba21c | 5,427 |
" Independent Women Part I "
| 661ff41b868e3c392a85dc8a7729fcd8 | 5,428 |
" ' 03 Bonnie & Clyde "
| b1cfa556ad07c138dde240d5245a1248 | 5,429 |
" Survivor "
| 3af5e2757a173235b62ad7253aed210a | 5,430 |
" Me , Myself and I "
| a8563dbce2ac525d7dd04e759b367624 | 5,431 |
" Summertime "
| a1cab418d465fb26158feb80b4cbad48 | 5,432 |
" Dangerously in Love 2 "
| 98d02550b45f368dc5466d627be3a0d6 | 5,433 |
" Crazy in Love "
| b4d1a991e473772eaedf9d8361a54fb8 | 5,434 |
= = Tour dates = =
| 789d7bf3a3616de5858306ad83281b9d | 5,436 |
= Zhou Tong ( archer ) =
| 10a61e5b57cf9af77bdf1e0fd4c501c9 | 5,440 |
Zhou ( or Jow ) Tong ( Chinese : 周同 and 周侗 ; pinyin : Zhōu Tóng ) ( died late 1121 CE ) was the archery teacher and second military arts tutor of famous Song Dynasty general Yue Fei . Originally a local hero from Henan , he was hired to continue Yue Fei 's military training in archery after the boy had rapidly mastere... | e8418ec143abece080a2bfc54c02fef1 | 5,442 |
With the publishing of Yue Fei 's 17th folklore biography , The Story of Yue Fei ( 1684 ) , a new distinct fictional Zhou Tong emerged , which differed greatly from his historical persona . Not only was he now from Shaanxi ; but he was Yue 's adopted father , a learned scholar with knowledge of the eighteen weapons of... | 44fe5339bb22038a18dc4e2cf5462abf | 5,443 |
Various wuxia novels and folk legends have endowed Zhou with different kinds of martial and supernatural skills . These range from mastery of the bow , double broadswords , and Chinese spear to that of Wudang hard qigong and even x @-@ ray vision . Practitioners of Eagle Claw , Chuojiao and Xingyi commonly include him... | 2cedde788bc13719f1a7c1409ac5a742 | 5,444 |
Zhou has appeared in various forms of media such as novels , comic books , and movies . His rare 20th century biography , Iron Arm , Golden Sabre , serves as a sequel to The Story of Yue Fei because it details his adventures decades prior to taking Yue as his pupil . This was later adapted into a ten volume Lianhuanhu... | 8659f09bc13c934c5acbd54273ad5ee3 | 5,445 |
= = History = =
| fd3fc667e330e6e3944a4f085f9ef39d | 5,447 |
= = = Mention in Yue family memoirs = = =
| a8585069ce9f3cd42cee7304602b738f | 5,450 |
On his deathbed , Yue Fei 's third son Yue Lin ( 岳霖 , born 1130 ) asked his own son , the poet and historian Yue Ke ( 岳珂 , 1183 – post @-@ 1240 ) , to complete Yue Fei 's memoirs . This two @-@ part memoir was completed in 1203 , some sixty years after the general 's political execution , but was not published until 1... | cde864e258cb5b61306526efe3f5ddd7 | 5,452 |
Western Washington University history professor Edward Kaplan explains Zhou was a " local hao " ( 豪 - " heroic ( person ) " ) . He comments Hao can also mean " a ' knight errant ' in poetic translation , or in prosaic terms a professional strongman and bodyguard . ' " This means Zhou was a local hero from Tangyin Coun... | a3c85fd974a86ac8b357e9388a7c019e | 5,453 |
Historical and scholarly sources spell his personal name as 同 ( Tong ) , meaning " same or similar " . This differs from the spelling present in fictional sources , which will be further explained below . So , " 周同 " represents the historical archer .
| 212b468cbb0528584a662045b9d8773d | 5,454 |
= = = Tutelage = = =
| f6f514eef846ed2f8efe0faeb474bf85 | 5,456 |
Despite being literate , giving him a chance to become a scholar , young Yue Fei chose the military path because there had never been any tradition of full @-@ fledged Confucian civil service in his family history . He would stay up all night reading military strategy books and idolized such great historical heroes as... | b08103d8491e2ac4a77594a8e601fe47 | 5,458 |
A section of the Jin Tuo Xu Pian , the second part of Yue Ke 's original published memoir , describes one of Zhou 's archery lessons and reveals that he took other children as his pupils :
| 7132ef42cea0ceb8a4dd0a3aeeb47de9 | 5,459 |
" One day , [ Chou ] T 'ung gathered his pupils for an archery session and to display his ability put three arrows in succession into the center of the target . Pointing to the target to show grandfather [ Yue Fei ] , he said : ' After you can perform like this , you can say you are an archer ' . Grandfather , thanked... | 38aaa1c321aee4b7e4a0063140e41108 | 5,460 |
The last sentence of the passage is similar to one from the Republican era Biography of Song Yue , Prince of E. But instead of teaching them his own technique , it states Yue taught what he had learned from Zhou to his soldiers who were victorious in battle .
| ad343b55f6bda937a81b65648c138cf7 | 5,461 |
= = = Death = = =
| 6831a5993d25b4f0f85ec59d9fd5b601 | 5,463 |
Zhou continued to teach the children until his death , prior to Yue 's legal adulthood . Following his passing , Yue became extremely depressed since Zhou had been the greatest influence on his early life . Zhou 's student would regularly visit his tomb on the first and fifteenth of every month with sacrifices of meat... | 3514319ff3872273dd0612c4b30bde41 | 5,465 |
The Chronology of Yue Wumu lists the events at Zhou 's tomb happening in 1121 when Yue was nineteen , but Yue would have been eighteen in that year since he was born on " the fifteenth day of the second month of 1103 " . The author of the original source material was using xusui age calculation , in which a child is a... | 464bfe508a340b277355e53bfc79e254 | 5,466 |
= = Fiction = =
| c0d85a1f64526eb738bbb780d05c9056 | 5,468 |
Zhou Tong 's fictional life story can be pieced together from two sources : The Story of Yue Fei and Iron Arm , Golden Sabre . The Story of Yue Fei is a fictionalized retelling of Yue Fei 's young life , military exploits , and execution . It was written by a native of Renhuo named Qian Cai ( 钱彩 ) , who lived sometime... | 08ad29b943066609a411baf4e04a9c96 | 5,470 |
In the writing of his novel , Qian Cai used a different character when spelling Zhou 's given name . Instead of the original character meaning " similar " , it was changed to 侗 , meaning " rude or rustic " . So , " 周侗 " represents Zhou 's distinct fictional persona . This spelling has even been carried over into moder... | 0afec39cbf542abe02d18efc3b2c8c90 | 5,471 |
Iron Arm , Golden Sabre was written by Wang Yun Heng and Xiao Yun Long and published in 1986 . This novel , which serves as Zhou 's own fictional biography , is a prequel to The Story of Yue Fei because it details his adventures decades prior to taking Yue Fei as his student . It follows his life as a young martial ar... | 6470a9c7f1e1d3bdef5d261edbe02e9b | 5,472 |
= = = Early life and adulthood = = =
| da77bcac88e66612813b2fd1aa852055 | 5,474 |
Zhou is born in Shaanxi and trains in the martial arts from a young age . He is taken as one of the pupils of Shaolin master Tan Zhengfang ( 谭正芳 ) and , learning the true essence of Shaolin Kungfu , becomes proficient in things both literary and martial . Tan 's other students include the future generals Jin Tai ( 金台 ... | eee90c27afb7325b14eacd75cbabb448 | 5,476 |
As he grows older , Zhou becomes dissatisfied with politics because the Imperial court chooses to appease the northern barbarian tribes instead of standing against them . He then devotes himself wholeheartedly to his martial arts practice and creates several official and authoritative techniques including the " five s... | 6b8df02edb2e858d4446d93d35e8fad0 | 5,477 |
During this time , Zhou Tong also has an additional disciple named Wu Song . Wu Song becomes famous for killing a man @-@ eating tiger with his bare hands and is appointed as a constable in his native Shandong . The county magistrate Sun Guoqin later sends Wu on a mission to Kaifeng with precious tiger bone balm in or... | 22c40267b95c85bc82543b37b6b0e536 | 5,478 |
Following his retirement , Zhou serves for a time as an advisor to General Liu Guangshi ( 劉光世 ) , whose troops are garrisoned in Henan Province . But Zhou later becomes an outlaw himself after he aids the heroes of the Water Margin and is forced to flee from government forces . Meanwhile , he learns his elderly classm... | b584364582450e18c3b07947cef90c47 | 5,479 |
= = = Old age and death = = =
| 59e151321b9b5fa37d9776e4deec9efb | 5,481 |
One day , Zhou surprises the children with a written exam and leaves the classroom to speak with a visitor . Wang 's son , Wang Gui ( 王贵 ) , tricks their maid 's son , Yue Fei , into completing their assignment while they go outside to play . After easily finishing the task at hand , Yue writes a heroic poem on a whit... | 447b7330cb71e68bd263b30981208968 | 5,483 |
Six years later , Zhou takes the group to visit his old friend , the abbot of a small Buddhist temple on the " Hill of Dripping Water " . Thirteen @-@ year @-@ old Yue wanders behind the temple and finds the " Cave of Dripping Water " , in which lives a magical snake . When it lunges at Yue , he dodges to one side and... | 356494443685bee9003fdc4d5126cc4c | 5,484 |
Magistrate Li writes out a marriage certificate and dispatches a messenger to deliver the document to Yue Fei in Unicorn Village . Zhou and Yue set out at dawn and travel back to Tangyin to thank the Magistrate for his generosity and kindness . There , Li prepares a great feast for them , but when food is brought out ... | 392d0e43267324489a29379687587667 | 5,485 |
" ... his phlegm bubbled up and he died . This was on the fourteenth day of the ninth month in the seventeenth year of the Reign of Xuan He , and his age was seventy @-@ nine ... Buddhist and Taoist Priests were asked to come and chant prayers , for seven times seven , namely forty @-@ nine days . Then the body was ta... | 5570b9cb2c19909ac1cdf7561478070c | 5,486 |
Yue lives in a shed by his grave through the winter and in the second lunar month of the following year , his martial brothers come and pull the building down , forcing him to return home and take care of his mother .
| feeb7040e3ce04032f8dd4f120e167f6 | 5,487 |
The quoted death date is not only unreliable because the book is fiction , but also because the Xuan He reign era of Emperor Huizong lasted only seven years ( 1119 – 1125 ) and not seventeen . Although The Story of Yue Fei states Zhou died shortly before Yue took a wife , he historically died after Yue married . It is... | 7caaf53cb025cab0add11b814c74b544 | 5,488 |
= = = Family = = =
| 7d5fb54d36119c574590da74f21fbd68 | 5,490 |
According to The Story of Yue Fei , Zhou was married with a son . But Zhou comments that his " old wife " died and his " small son " was killed in battle against the Liaos after leaving with the outlaw Lu Junyi to fight in the war . In The Legend of Zhou Tong , his wife is named Meng Cuiying ( 孟翠英 ) and his son is nam... | 0b00d4ef65e82b65ec603ced31db00ac | 5,492 |
Zhou Yunqing first appears as a fierce , impulsive young man who rides his horse into the thick of enemy encampments wielding a long spear . He later dies in battle against the Liao Dynasty . After his son 's death , Zhou retreats to the Xiangguo Temple for a long morning period . He later takes seven @-@ year @-@ old... | 416f044691c18c18031d52affb3d8a4c | 5,493 |
" I see that he [ Yue Fei ] is clever and handsome and I , an old man , wish to have him as my adopted son ... He need change neither his name nor his surname . I only want him to call me father temporarily so that I can faithfully transmit all the skills I have learned in my life to a single person . Later , when I d... | f4da6ab47d98ca0b7afe009fc0b95574 | 5,494 |
However , after comparing events from The Story of Yue Fei and an account of Yue 's life from the sixteenth @-@ century work Restoration of the Great Song Dynasty : The Story of King Yue ( 大宋中興岳王傳 ) , literary critic C.T. Hsia concluded " that his father did not [ historically ] die in the flood and that , although Yu... | f95fd1e0415f8e457a299cd7c9e9af76 | 5,495 |
= = = Appearance and voice = = =
| e72a5be8ecf142152acff7a6d262a912 | 5,497 |
He is generally portrayed as a large elderly man with a powerful voice . A modern folktale by noted Yangzhou storyteller Wang Shaotang ( 1889 – 1968 ) , whom folklore researcher Vibeke Børdahl called " the unrivaled master of this [ the 20th ] century " , describes Zhou thus ,
| 67de908881b8900da2e96eb45e634359 | 5,499 |
" He was beyond the age of fifty , he was more than fifty , and standing upright he measured about eight feet . His face had a golden tan , arched brows , a pair of bright eyes , a regular head form , a square mouth , a pair of protruding ears , and under his chin there were three locks of beard , a grizzled beard . O... | 15744dd3a9e5536575ce1d815cd67953 | 5,500 |
Heroes and religious masters with above normal height are a recurring theme in Chinese folklore . For instance , his student Wu Song is said to be over nine feet tall in the same folktale . In The Story of Yue Fei , the General simultaneously duels with two other warriors vying for first place in a military exam ; one... | 450c2318ca53b2068ee941b2e0d5816d | 5,501 |
When Zhou is vocalized in " Yangzhou storytelling " , he speaks in " Square mouth public talk " , which is a manner of speaking reserved for martial heroes , highly respected characters , or , sometimes , lesser characters that pretend to be an important hero . Square mouth public talk is actually a mixture of two for... | 2d180ea183e196740b86ccba37b59ea3 | 5,502 |
In her analysis of Yangzhou storytelling , Børdahl noted that the aforementioned tale about Zhou and Wu Song uses different forms of dialogue for both characters . Wu speaks square mouth utilizing standard mandarin without rusheng ( short glottal syllables ) . On the contrary , Zhou speaks squaremouth using the Yangzh... | 0aa0095d2c87b9e43c049cb918b86c0b | 5,503 |
= = = Students = = =
| f3367f58330e907e9a80db9f4e1c407a | 5,505 |
= = = = Water Margin outlaws = = = =
| 6035f5b62cc197dff3bf28c0c57f4e98 | 5,508 |
The Water Margin ( c . 1400 ) is a Ming Dynasty military romance about one hundred and eight demons @-@ born @-@ men and women who band together to rebel against the lavish Song Dynasty government . Lin Chong and Lu Junyi , two of these outlaws , are briefly mentioned as being Zhou 's previous students in The Story of... | 4387204d3dfe5f370115085b4f24769d | 5,510 |
Zhou 's portrayal as their teacher is connected to a recurring element in Chinese fiction where Tang and Song Dynasty heroes train under a " celestial master " , usually a Taoist immortal , prior to their military exploits . C.T. Hsia suggests the mold from which all other similar teachers are cast is Guiguzi , master... | dc1ea3dd260ec5e2e478e4494cda0652 | 5,511 |
Although Lin and Lu have been connected to Zhou since the early Qing Dynasty , Wu Song did not become associated with him until Wang Shaotang created a 20th @-@ century folktale in which the two meet in Kaifeng . The tale takes place during Wu 's mission to Kaifeng , but before the murder of his older brother Wu Dalan... | 5649ee14336dc168b4f2fb3e402c2b8d | 5,512 |
Wang 's tale portrays Zhou as an aging itinerant swordmaster with " a fame reverberating like thunder " throughout the underworld society of Jianghu . He is made the sworn brother of the outlaw " Flowery Monk " Lu Zhishen , a military officer @-@ turned @-@ fighting monk , who is , according to Hsia , first among the ... | bc8f8868be713996a2647355f393dc6c | 5,513 |
Because of his association with these outlaws , Zhou is often confused with the similarly named outlaw " Little Conqueror " Zhou Tong . In the Water Margin , this Zhou Tong is a bandit chief of Mount Peach Blossom whom Lu Zhishen beats for trying to forcibly marry the daughter of the Liu family . He dies later under t... | 26531fbaebeac7dbef3a59de8ecca0d7 | 5,514 |
= = = = Yue Fei = = = =
| e7c184ab03e0d06bd9e0d84e6c0eca83 | 5,516 |
The Story of Yue Fei comments Lu Junyi is Zhou 's last student prior to taking on seven @-@ year @-@ old Yue Fei and his three sworn @-@ brothers Wang Gui , Tang Huai ( 湯懷 ) and Zhang Xian ( 張顯 ) . He teaches them literary and military lessons on even and odd days . The novel says Yue is talented in all manners of " l... | a4007cb252a97ce66d8975dcf6963362 | 5,518 |
Books written by modern @-@ day martial artists make many claims that are not congruent with historical documents or current scholarly thought . For instance , internalist Yang Jwing @-@ Ming says Zhou was a scholar who studied martial arts in the Shaolin Monastery and later took Yue as his student after the young man... | 24712cd76b28c5112c217c1dd7d515bf | 5,519 |
Eagle Claw Grandmasters Leung Shum and Lily Lau believe " Jow Tong " ( the Cantonese rendering of his name ) was a monk who brought young Yue to the Shaolin Monastery and taught him a set of hand techniques , which Yue later adapted to create his Ying Kuen ( Eagle fist ) . Liang Shouyu states practitioners of Emei Dap... | 25ec8b725a67d6794bf5563847d80ce7 | 5,520 |
= = = Martial arts = = =
| b0ae07a7d7dcd439aa7164f00e4d964c | 5,522 |
There is insufficient historical evidence to support the claim he knew any skills beyond archery . Contemporary records never once mention Zhou teaching Yue boxing . Despite this , various wuxia novels and folk legends have attributed many different military and supernatural skills to Zhou . These range from mastery o... | d521085cc15a2ed91cd7691d59d08ea4 | 5,524 |
Zhou can also be linked to these combat arts through his historical and folklore students . Practitioners of Eagle Claw , Chuojiao and Xingyi commonly include him within their lineage history because of his association with Yue Fei , the supposed progenitor of these styles . Yuen Mankai believes Zhou taught Lin Chong ... | 33c7b20b63088bfc69da7bcf02ff877a | 5,525 |
Very few references are made to the people who supposedly taught martial arts to Zhou . In The Legend of Zhou Tong , he learns as a child from a Shaolin master named Tan Zhengfang . Practitioners of Chuojiao claim he learned the style from its creator , a wandering Taoist named Deng Liang . Practitioners of Geok Gar K... | b80dcbb58e82e2a4d28cfc1c7b4cb810 | 5,526 |
= = In popular culture = =
| e3f88c86dc3837edd8eda4ec57e954be | 5,528 |
Zhou has appeared in various kinds of media including novels , comic books , and movies . Apart from The Story of Yue Fei and Iron Arm , Golden Sabre , he appears in a novel based around his older martial arts brother , Jin Tai . A recent graphic novel of The Story of Yue Fei , deletes all mythological elements from t... | d2d052fec802606881431df5ee43fe56 | 5,530 |
Another noticeable difference in the storyline takes place when Zhou travels with his teenage disciples to visit his friend the Abbot . Instead of Yue wandering behind the temple to battle the magical snake , he stays with Zhou and the Abbot , while the other disciples go off to explore . Zhou watches as the Abbot tes... | e7279a6c47e23757a61fb9a38f28ef1c | 5,531 |
A second graphic novelization drastically changes the storyline involving Zhou . Like the original , Zhou becomes the tutor of the Wang estate , but , when news of his arrival prompts rich families to send their sons to learn from him , he is forced to accept droves of these students on a trial basis . He eventually c... | 6cbdc37ea451f7b9af8a9216b25c871e | 5,532 |
Stories including Zhou have also been used to educate . The Secondary School system of Hong Kong teaches children the value of mentorship by making them read about the close teacher @-@ pupil relationship between Zhou and Yue . A morale tale called " Yue Fei Studies Archery " in Children 's Pictorial , a Chinese magaz... | d50f4a5b9a4fa800775cfbf51a196c0a | 5,533 |
He is mentioned numerous times in author Robert Liparulo 's thriller Deadlock ( 2009 ) . Zhou is first featured in chapter eight during a conversation between the main character John " Hutch " Hutchinson , a journalist bent on stopping the maniacal plans of a billionaire madman , and his friend 's young son Dillon , a... | e302133626425707ad9cf51ee1dbcb85 | 5,534 |
Screen actors who have portrayed Zhou in film 's from the 1940s and 1960s include Wong Sau Nin , Li Ming , and Jing Ci Bo . Jing starred alongside a ten @-@ year @-@ old Sammo Hung , who played young Yue Fei . Veteran martial arts actor Yu Chenghui , who played the sword @-@ wielding antagonist in Jet Li 's Shaolin Te... | 9c853d32fb962881ff3ea5f92deb660d | 5,535 |
= Romanian Land Forces =
| db44ef4b9ead788e8de6de5ed7d95bda | 5,538 |
The Romanian Land Forces ( Romanian : Forțele Terestre Române ) is the army of Romania , and the main component of the Romanian Armed Forces . In recent years , full professionalisation and a major equipment overhaul have transformed the nature of the force .
| a2bdd34bde6fe128fe5786b0ba776d2d | 5,540 |
The Romanian Land Forces were founded on 24 November [ O.S. 12 November ] 1859 . They participated in World War I , together with the Russian Empire forces in actions against the Central Powers and , despite initial setbacks , won the decisive battles of Mărăşti and Mărăşeşti . During most of World War II ( until Augu... | c0a5bfcb59f8adc3ed8d138a7acd9d4b | 5,541 |
Following the Romanian Revolution , due to shortage of funds , many units were disbanded and much equipment was phased out . Likewise , Romanian military capability declined because of a lack of fuel as well as training . However , since the late 1990s , a number of positive changes have come about and the level of co... | 18006f99a9318b1a8fd667c09388480e | 5,542 |
= = Mission = =
| 3750a8c20c80807589ff179fc4516cc4 | 5,544 |
The Land Forces represent the most important component of the Romanian Armed Forces and they are destinated for execution of various military actions , with terrestrial or aeromobile character , in any zone or direction .
| 3c70f3335d308ec255313149c8de7d32 | 5,546 |
The Land Forces must , independently or together with other Romanian military branches , conduct operations and defensive or offensive battles , for capture , or destruction of the invading enemy , being part of national , or multinational military structures .
| c7eb3e897a370b1f9968156d64b60d5e | 5,547 |
A part of the units which compose the current operational structure of the Land Forces , must be able to conduct military operations outside the national territory , together with the international military forces .
| d51e27b464a95eba1bd51727df72827a | 5,548 |
= = History = =
| fd3fc667e330e6e3944a4f085f9ef39d | 5,550 |
The first attempt to create an independent Romanian army was made by Gheorghe Magheru during the 1848 Wallachian Revolution , and it was based at Râureni ( now part of Râmnicu Vâlcea ) . However , Magheru rapidly ordered his troops to disband when the Ottoman forces swept into Bucharest to stop the revolution .
| 6e498f1a8cc040a2676baae1dad09337 | 5,552 |
= = = Romanian War of Independence = = =
| eef1b4c23b6c25c258ede96898217c63 | 5,554 |
The current Romanian Land Forces were formed in 1859 , immediately after the unification of Wallachia with Moldavia , and were commanded by Alexandru Ioan Cuza , Domnitor of Romania until his abdication in 1866 . In 1877 , at the request of Nikolai Konstantinovich , Grand Duke of Russia the Romanian army fused with th... | a0fbd7cb2a209244f75f2e6215119e72 | 5,556 |
= = = Second Balkan War = = =
| a30c545b50960b480461fa52839d0a1e | 5,558 |
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