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The Romanian Army entered the Second Balkan War against Bulgaria , allowing Romania to annex Southern Dobruja ( also known as the Cadrilater ) . Although some 330 @,@ 000 troops were mobilised , the Romanians met little resistance in Bulgaria and as such this is not considered a major conflict in Romanian history . Th... | 2fe72bb77696305664223900764215f7 | 5,560 |
= = = World War I = = =
| fa3b798e169c5288b7355decab5f85c6 | 5,562 |
On July 6 , 1916 , Romania declared war on Germany and Austria @-@ Hungary , following the initial success of the Brusilov Offensive ( a major Russian offensive against the armies of the Central Powers on the Eastern Front ) . The Romanian armies entered Transylvania ( then part of the Austro @-@ Hungarian Empire ) , ... | 794c1dd0559543edd4f791a3488a4513 | 5,564 |
= = = Hungarian @-@ Romanian War of 1919 = = =
| 143a1776ef6d2461ef13ee9ef6493437 | 5,566 |
After World War I , Transylvania proclaimed union with the Kingdom of Romania . As a result , in April 1919 , the newly established Hungarian Soviet Republic vowed to retake the region by force , and Hungarian troops attacked Romanian formations in Transylvania . The Romanian Army defeated the Hungarians and conquered... | d22588f0dc01c2825bc0dd0482da09eb | 5,568 |
From 1921 to 1939 in Transylvania Inspectorate General of Army no . 3 had subordinate the 6th and 7th Army Corps . By 1 April 1921 , when he disbanded Forces Western Command , to order 6th Army Corps ( and earlier structures ) have been generals Prezan Constantin , Constantin Christescu Traian Mosoiu , Mardarescu Geor... | 2ccfd82120ad037c05d788d7439948b7 | 5,569 |
= = = World War II = = =
| 50cdc758b64f7f05d46e3c685a89a39c | 5,571 |
After General ( later Marshal ) Ion Antonescu took power in September 1940 , Romania signed the Tripartite Pact with the Axis Powers and subsequently took part in Operation Barbarossa in 1941 . An expeditionary force invaded the Soviet Union in Bessarabia and southern Ukraine , alongside the German Wehrmacht . The exp... | 0ad29f8984ce168a75273950a6f9270f | 5,573 |
The greatest disaster for the Romanian expeditionary force on the Eastern Front came at Stalingrad , where , during the Soviet counter @-@ offensive of November 1942 , the thinly spread forces of the Third Army ( deployed north of Stalingrad ) and of the Fourth Army ( deployed south of Stalingrad ) were attacked by va... | e452407a18f26527acb0d8d51994758a | 5,574 |
During April – May 1944 the Romanian forces led by General Mihai Racoviţǎ , together with elements of the German Eighth Army were responsible for defending Northern Romania during the Soviet First Jassy @-@ Kishinev Offensive , and took part in the Battles of Târgu Frumos . In late August 1944 , the Red Army entered e... | e163ba11fa89ae2f405740894e5163c8 | 5,575 |
= = = Cold War = = =
| d48265bacb230c6a0f65c71588bfaaab | 5,577 |
The Soviet occupation of Romania led to a complete reorganisation of the Romanian Land Forces under the supervision of the Red Army . At the onset , pro @-@ German elements were purged from the Romanian armed forces . In 1944 – 45 , two divisions were formed out of Romanian volunteers — ex @-@ prisoners of war , train... | 679de74ff9db7e9dd8f580bb8c4c8a22 | 5,579 |
After the Romanian Communist Party seized political power , the sovietization of the army commenced , under the supervision of the new Minister of Defence , Emil Bodnăraş . Thirty per cent of the officers and noncommissioned officers ( mostly experienced soldiers , and a potential source of opposition ) were purged fr... | 0a9a3d5bdd156034165b6b0e1cc0635a | 5,580 |
In the early 1950s the RLF reached a level of 12 rifle , one mechanised , and one tank division . Between 1960 and 1964 the rifle and mechanised divisions were converted to motor rifle divisions , and reductions in strength began ; force size dropped to six motor rifle and two tank divisions by 1970 . From 1970 to 197... | cec8c5f152dc44904a6108f066984be3 | 5,581 |
From 1947 to 1960 the country seems to have been divided into three major military regions : Cluj , Bacău , and Bucharest in the west , east , and south , respectively . In wartime the land forces in each military region would become an army corps with their headquarters in Cluj @-@ Napoca , Iaşi , and Bucharest . Arm... | d0807c3d52f4319806d44e322ae4e738 | 5,582 |
During the 1980s , the land forces numbered 140 @,@ 000 personnel , of whom two thirds were conscripts . In 1989 four armies appeared to exist : the First Army at Bucharest , Second Army at Buzau , Third Army at Craiova , and Fourth Army at Napoca . In 1989 the land forces consisted of eight mechanised ( infantry ) di... | 183deca0af2fa28a561e38217b716af7 | 5,583 |
Motorised rifle divisions were organized along the Soviet model with three motorised rifle regiments , one tank regiment , and a full complement of 12 @,@ 000 infantry soldiers . The artillery , antitank , and air defence regiments of divisions provided specialised fire support that enabled motorised rifle and tank re... | c4cf2c10b611d35ec1518d30da80823c | 5,584 |
Surface @-@ to @-@ surface missile battalions were divided into three or four batteries , each equipped with one missile launcher . They operated thirty FROG @-@ 3 and eighteen SCUD missile launchers . The FROG @-@ 3 , a tactical missile first introduced in 1960 , was being replaced in other non @-@ Soviet Warsaw Pact... | d2b4baaf0a09991c03f32fcd54b244e5 | 5,585 |
= = = Post @-@ communist era = = =
| 65b57e128c00230f2a465d79c1dadcfc | 5,587 |
During the early 1990s , some major units were disbanded and a lot of equipment was phased out or scrapped due to a severe shortage of funds . The whole land forces structure was reorganized from armies into territorial corps , and from regiments into battalions . In the mid @-@ 1990s , the situation of the land force... | 96338b1192a3f0be185581af39fe5c06 | 5,589 |
= = Present organisation = =
| a6398019b68fe57f61f0b6174623793e | 5,591 |
= = = Manpower = = =
| 1a78734fd593e879f93b3bf91bd23f25 | 5,594 |
In 2005 , the army comprised eight combat , four combat support and two logistic brigades , while ten combat , five combat support and two logistic brigades could be further mobilised in case of crisis . Many of these units have been restructured , however , as part of the 2007 Force Plan .
| 8a512eb154d4de06994201ce5a2f058f | 5,596 |
Currently , about 75 @,@ 000 military personnel and 15 @,@ 000 civilians comprise the armed forces , for a total of 90 @,@ 000 men and women . Out of these 75 @,@ 000 , cca . 43 @,@ 000 are in the Land Forces .
| df6d0b8009bfe8f5204839ea7dc81f61 | 5,597 |
= = = Modernisation = = =
| df41bc711801ca8a0480bd6b6fa99389 | 5,599 |
The Romanian military is undergoing a three @-@ stage restructuring . As of 2007 , the first short @-@ term stage was completed ( reorganisation of the command system , implementation of the voluntary military service ) . The year 2015 marks the end of the second stage ( operational integration in NATO and EU ) , whil... | c1ef7d654703774753a5fe83783eef98 | 5,601 |
Romania abolished compulsory military service on October 23 , 2006 . This came about due to a 2003 constitutional amendment which allowed the parliament to make military service optional . The Romanian Parliament voted to abolish conscription in October 2005 , with the vote formalising one of many military modernisati... | eef96856e682fe30d4c817402f77eab7 | 5,602 |
= = = Structure = = =
| 1111534707d077044ff1bcf061e84f86 | 5,604 |
In peacetime , the commander of the land forces is the minister of defense , while in wartime , the President of Romania becomes the supreme commander of the armed forces . The main combat formations of Romania are the 2nd Infantry Division Getica , and the 4th Infantry Division Gemina . Until 2015 the Romanian land f... | 8ca05e2376c94883d4512806e7439252 | 5,606 |
The current chief of the Romanian Land Forces Staff is Major General Nicolae Ciucă , who succeeded Major General Mircea Savu on 7 January 2014 . The Land Forces official day is celebrated each year , on 23 April .
| 8728946cdc60fc8dd090883f39ff6cf6 | 5,607 |
= = Equipment = =
| 95dd1f5e210a043de920f51236cf1922 | 5,609 |
The Romanian Land Forces have completely overhauled their equipment in the past few years , replacing it with a more modern one . The TR @-@ 85M1 " Bizon " main battle tank and the MLI @-@ 84M " Jder " infantry fighting vehicle are the most modern native made equipment of the Romanian Land Forces . Also , 43 ex @-@ Ge... | b8c9ade016bd787647543278aa51c225 | 5,611 |
The Land Forces ordered about 100 US Army Humvees ; the first eight were delivered to the military police in December 2006 . 31 Piranha III armoured vehicles ( LAV III variant ) and 60 URO VAMTAC high mobility vehicles were also ordered in 2007 for deployment in Iraq and Afghanistan .
| 7f6b0c52047a06e9ad7d676eae8ff2b7 | 5,612 |
Equipment Summary :
| 2378bc2ad7ab0d7ba96bfd8b9d6ac705 | 5,613 |
= = Special Forces = =
| eb11736543475c615edb963bfd683108 | 5,615 |
The evolution of the special forces within the Romanian Land Forces led to the establishment of the 1st Special Operations Regiment on 1 August 2009 , headquartered at Târgu Mureş . It later became the 6th Special Operations Brigade on 25 October 2011 , composed of a special operations battalion , two paratrooper batt... | c2b3a6a1d0344060034601a9a2b66f3a | 5,617 |
The most famous and well trained unit is the 1st Special Operations Battalion " Vulturii " , which was legally created in late 2005 , after several batches of graduates had already been selected . Members of the special forces battalion have benefitted from courses abroad , such as the US Army Special Forces ( Green B... | a3c658893ebc89d75f934e78e8484cec | 5,618 |
The current Romanian reconnaissance battalions ( the 313th , the 317th and the 528th ) are also considered special forces units , and were formed in the 1960s during the communist regime . After the revolution , the units suffered from a lack of funds which resulted in the temporary disbandment of the 313th Battalion ... | adcc88025ebea1794883b6577bc63932 | 5,619 |
DIR , Rapid Intervention Squad of the Romanian Ministry of Defense is an elite special operations unit currently belonging to the Romanian Military Police . It is a special unit inside the military , formed of highly skilled individuals , a very large percentage of its members being champions in martial arts , kickbox... | 884bc828e270f83e1d2537669cfce1f6 | 5,620 |
= = International missions = =
| eeda6896b7342f61db79da30a38f13c4 | 5,622 |
The following troops are deployed abroad :
| 03a3418b62ea485bb9061e151052f1fb | 5,624 |
45 personnel in Bosnia and Herzegovina ( 23 in Sarajevo and 22 in Banja Luka ) - as part of EUFOR , since 2000 ( to be withdrawn )
| e1b5b2bda15fc3f98e25cd6f3c8e2b2d | 5,625 |
150 personnel in Peć , Kosovo - as part of KFOR
| 75df77f8b331dad82d72c67f30d05f01 | 5,626 |
1 battalion in Zabul ( 479 personnel ) , 1 guard detachment in Kandahar ( 193 personnel ) , a reconnaissance squad in Mazari Sharif ( 6 personnel ) , Afghanistan - as part of ISAF ; additionally , a special forces squad ( 39 personnel ) and a training detachment ( 47 personnel ) are deployed there
| 35d2a466eb2d4035aa58e4124170bf38 | 5,627 |
= = Training = =
| 1b3c4a50905e224ef55d20cb6bd10f24 | 5,629 |
After the Romanian Revolution , many firing ranges and training areas were closed and abandoned due to lack of funds . Currently , the military schools and training units of the Romanian Land Forces are directly subordinated to the central headquarters . There are 3 military high schools ( Câmpulung Moldovenesc , Alba... | 4448cc73653fcd06e6abbbbc73799187 | 5,631 |
In the past few years , lots of training exercises took place in Romania with other Balkan or Allied countries . Most of these exercises took place at Babadag , which is one of the largest and most modern training firing ranges and military facilities in Europe , with a total surface area of 270 square kilometres . It... | 88796776f5ba05402d4ef6492fd7ebbe | 5,632 |
= = Ranks and insignia = =
| f2651793621b23dd4ab729cabb948430 | 5,634 |
The Romanian Land Forces distinguishes four career paths : officers ( Ofiţeri ) , warrant officers ( Maiştrii militari ) , NCO 's ( Subofiţeri ) and enlisted men ( Soldaţi şi gradaţi voluntari ) . The Marshal rank can be given only in wartime by the President of Romania ; in fact , Romania had only three marshals comi... | 1468d136d727c621048f82fc776fa6ed | 5,636 |
= Not Quite Hollywood : The Wild , Untold Story of Ozploitation ! =
| 782d0db13ded0b7e2af484239d242368 | 5,639 |
Not Quite Hollywood : The Wild , Untold Story of Ozploitation ! is a 2008 Australian documentary film about the Australian New Wave of 1970s and ' 80s low @-@ budget cinema . The film was written and directed by Mark Hartley , who interviewed over eighty Australian , American and British actors , directors , screenwri... | 0974f8967d36c41a8bfb943dc2de1d77 | 5,641 |
Hartley spent several years writing a detailed research document , which served to some degree as a script for the film , about the New Wave era of Australian cinema . It focused on the commonly overlooked " Ozploitation " films — mainly filled with sex , horror and violence — which critics and film historians conside... | 6769524b78456e6231b5b4063cea0889 | 5,642 |
Not Quite Hollywood , which premiered at the 2008 Melbourne International Film Festival , did not perform well at the box office upon its Australia @-@ wide release , but garnered universally positive reviews from critics and a nomination for " Best Documentary " at the 2008 Australian Film Institute Awards .
| e7e913d64c55aec875e83d2eadef696f | 5,643 |
= = Synopsis = =
| 055eb4fc391ee73feef058e27571861e | 5,645 |
Not Quite Hollywood documents the revival of Australian cinema during the Australian New Wave of the 1970s and ' 80s through B @-@ movies including Alvin Purple , Barry McKenzie Holds His Own , Dead @-@ End Drive In , Long Weekend , Mad Max , The Man from Hong Kong , Patrick , Razorback , Road Games , Stork and Turkey... | 6d0835d01ffb76bc459d8624511a149e | 5,647 |
= = Interviewees = =
| b7fe7879f9c760d8e3747fe4d2873319 | 5,649 |
The actors , directors , screenwriters and producers interviewed for the film were :
| 89f92d8e88e56978b358d9de8767bbf2 | 5,651 |
= = Production = =
| faaebcbbaf42e685bce2a1bbbaaad33b | 5,653 |
As a child , Mark Hartley discovered many of the " Ozploitation " B @-@ movies from the 1970s and ' 80s while watching late @-@ night television , but was disappointed when they were completely overlooked in books he read detailing Australian cinema . After becoming an accomplished music video director , his interest ... | 6dbcf385baf4b6509772d89339de6a36 | 5,655 |
= = Release = =
| 82d31ca11203ea3496cf6bc637a6c220 | 5,657 |
Not Quite Hollywood had its worldwide premiere at the Melbourne International Film Festival on 28 July 2008 , and was screened at the Australian Centre for the Moving Image . Its Australia @-@ wide release was a month later , on 28 August 2008 , and it had its overseas premiere at the Toronto Film Festival on 7 Septem... | 236694238ae66f7aa4f7053335635158 | 5,659 |
The film did not perform well at the box office upon its Australian release , taking in a gross of A $ 108 @,@ 330 on its first weekend but only $ 31 @,@ 995 on its second weekend at a screen average of $ 681 on 47 screens .
| f5429638f7ac683b1d4af29a053b07c4 | 5,660 |
= = Reception = =
| f8d79e3fcb54590ed5efe8209a7826d9 | 5,662 |
Overall , Not Quite Hollywood received positive reviews from critics . Review aggregate Rotten Tomatoes reports that 94 % of critics have given the film a positive review , " Certified Fresh " , based on 63 reviews , with an average score of 7 @.@ 4 out of 10 . Margaret Pomeranz and David Stratton of At the Movies gav... | b8bee292990934e0f6d564e6cc4601d6 | 5,664 |
English director Edgar Wright named Not Quite Hollywood his fourth favourite film of 2008 , and called it " the best documentary ever . "
| 35c23bbdaeeba187a0ca4e171cc377b9 | 5,665 |
= = = Awards and nominations = = =
| 02f002db99294603ce12dfaef4e44ac4 | 5,667 |
= = Films referenced = =
| 659cec097074e4057559a2c49b277098 | 5,670 |
A list of film referenced within Not Quite Hollywood , separated by genre .
| 75729374d998ea7c8add5e6300aee24e | 5,672 |
= = Box office = =
| aff1acc254b2328d4996fa1e5b34ba30 | 5,674 |
Not Quite Hollywood : The Wild , Untold Story of Ozploitation ! grossed $ 186 @,@ 986 at the box office in Australia , .
| 593c095febc7a7317adcc83c3c223dc1 | 5,676 |
= Why Does It Hurt So Bad =
| 84330a97988f4e90d9dd770f4b659981 | 5,679 |
" Why Does It Hurt So Bad " is a song recorded by American singer Whitney Houston for the 1995 film Waiting to Exhale . It was released on July 7 , 1996 , by Arista Records as the seventh and final single from the accompanying soundtrack . The song was written and produced solely by Babyface . Musically , it is an R &... | ad52c751811b528c8a1fea67efaa7a6c | 5,681 |
The song garnered positive reviews from critics , who commended Houston 's vocal effort . It charted in the United States on the Billboard Hot 100 , peaking at number twenty @-@ six . It also reached a peak position of number twenty @-@ two in the Hot R & B / Hip @-@ Hop Songs chart and number six on the Adult Contemp... | 3164d836c487878297bc5bafe129d20f | 5,682 |
= = Background = =
| d514b18e9690308b2ac67a227be74a70 | 5,684 |
Houston starred in the 1995 romance film Waiting to Exhale , directed by Forest Whittaker . Although Houston did not intend to contribute to the film 's soundtrack , when Whittaker hired Babyface to score the soundtrack , she opted in . Babyface , Houston and some other African @-@ American female singers recorded son... | b7df10fb57db3d07f923e4317af4b55c | 5,686 |
= = Composition = =
| 877ada88b88d531934189955d86ea716 | 5,688 |
" Why Does It Hurt So Bad " is an R & B ballad . The song was written and produced by Kenneth Brian Edmonds , popularly known as " Babyface " . According to the sheet music book for The Greatest Hits at Sheetmusicplus.com , the song is written in the key of B ♭ major , and moves at a tempo of 69 beats per minute . It ... | 906a724eecea0961df8b810a283083ba | 5,690 |
= = Reception = =
| f8d79e3fcb54590ed5efe8209a7826d9 | 5,692 |
The song garnered mainly positive reviews from critics . Craig Lytle of Allmusic noted that Houston 's voice " sailed " through the song . Christopher John Farley of TIME commented Houston " particularly held her own " , with a " masterly balance of pop , zip , and soulful melancholy " . Steve Knopper of Newsday wrote... | c6c0d6907493d226cc5ef2a19a79da97 | 5,694 |
Released as the seventh and final single from the Waiting to Exhale : Original Soundtrack Album , the song debuted at number 60 on the Billboard Hot 100 , on the issue dated August 3 , 1996 . On the same issue , the song debuted at number 34 on the Hot R & B / Hip @-@ Hop Singles chart . The song later reached a peak ... | 433e9008cdd33491a5f5dbfb7577b11f | 5,695 |
= = Music video and live performances = =
| 8d58d9b4cfc28f18ee546b908b53c531 | 5,697 |
The song was not promoted through an official music video , although Houston appeared at the 1996 MTV Movie Awards held at Walt Disney Studios , Burbank and performed " Why Does It Hurt So Bad " . The performance was directed and taped by Bruce Gowers and was later used as a promotional clip to accompany the song . Th... | 0763d7a5275b4dfc8f53a474523c273c | 5,699 |
Houston performed the song on her My Love Is Your Love World Tour , in 1999 . The song was performed as a part of the " Movie Medley " , along with " I Believe in You and Me " , " It Hurts Like Hell " , originally performed by Aretha Franklin , and " I Will Always Love You " . This performance was taped in Sopot , Pol... | 6a3e3734ffc177a8f9c60751d7aa54c1 | 5,700 |
= = Track listing = =
| 72495df880382348360bb3e5f3082d84 | 5,702 |
= = Credits and personnel = =
| 8c01737c53763a916f2b3cdc47c769d8 | 5,705 |
Retrieved from CD liner notes
| d382107682a5b466b7f5d769e78a7dd7 | 5,707 |
= = Charts = =
| 90f35011b6980d435aa1b79c3f9a1227 | 5,709 |
= Hurricane Omar ( 2008 ) =
| 3d69f0ef14af8deb60fbfdb84986c6f4 | 5,713 |
Hurricane Omar was a strong hurricane that took an unusual southwest to northeast track through the eastern Caribbean Sea during October , 2008 . Forming out of a tropical disturbance on October 13 , Omar initially moved slowly in the eastern Caribbean Sea . By October 15 , Omar began to quickly intensify as deep conv... | e70b4411b8a87fba15032cdb018c5b87 | 5,715 |
Throughout the eastern Caribbean , Omar affected numerous islands , most of which only recorded minor impacts . Large swells and heavy rains impacted the ABC islands . Antigua and Barbuda sustained $ 54 million in damages , mainly on Antigua as nine homes were destroyed , several others damaged and many farms were inu... | e59da2af09615e9118d8a54819b522f8 | 5,716 |
= = Meteorological history = =
| fe82527ae426423900c55a793eed715f | 5,718 |
On September 30 , a well @-@ developed tropical wave moved off the eastern coast of Africa and entered the Atlantic Ocean . Deep convection formed around a prominent mid @-@ level circulation as it moved towards the west . However , the convection diminished on October 2 before entering the Caribbean Sea a week later ... | ba4b551b9926a43821e5e3aa71470b48 | 5,720 |
Located to the southeast of a broad and deep tropospheric trough and to the west of a low to mid @-@ level ridge , Omar took a counter @-@ clockwise turn on October 14 . Upon becoming a tropical storm , Omar began to undergo an extended period of rapid intensification as very deep convection developed around the cente... | 3b659f9e1c10b570f6813c96857055f0 | 5,721 |
With very warm sea surface temperatures , high ocean heat content , low wind shear , and a moist air mass , Omar quickly reached its peak intensity early on October 16 as a Category 4 hurricane with winds of 130 mph ( 215 km / h ) . During the intensification phase , the forward motion of the hurricane increased to 20... | 6591e543484e94d9c881f68dbfb13a75 | 5,722 |
A weakening storm , Omar continued towards the northeast due to a mid to upper @-@ level ridge located south of the system and the mid @-@ latitude westerlies to the north . Late on October 17 , wind shear increased once more as Omar tracked over waters below 26 ° C ( 79 ° F ) . Around 0000 UTC on October 18 , Omar we... | 4623ee25ef757563572c946e43c25350 | 5,723 |
= = Preparations = =
| 2e357a7de2c9983600e8d0ee44342d06 | 5,725 |
On October 15 , the governor of the United States Virgin Islands announced the final preparations for Hurricane Omar as he signed a State of Emergency declaration for the territory . Public schools would be closed on October 16 . All non @-@ essential workers would be dismissed at 10 a.m. local time . At 6 p.m. curfew... | 9bfef87c3cf7c3f680eeb749048257fd | 5,727 |
On Sint Maarten , officials advised residents to start all necessary actions to prepare for a hurricane . Residents were told to clear their yards of any debris or lose furniture that could become airborne during the storm , place shutters over windows and doors and assist elderly neighbors with shuttering their homes... | f8f6c35233dafb7d30036cf3291e12ee | 5,728 |
All public activities , flights , and schools were either closed or canceled on Puerto Rico . Eighteen shelters were open on the eastern part of the island . Also , on Anguilla , residents in the Sandy Ground , Valley Bottom , Welches and Mount Fortune areas were placed under evacuation orders . Shelters were opened t... | 3eca59e99d5dbf94591305cc2d0d6ac7 | 5,729 |
= = Impact = =
| 43c7e16e2814eb00d4d56a7d8785d151 | 5,731 |
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