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On Her Majesty 's Secret Service was the intended next film , but the producers decided to adapt You Only Live Twice instead because OHMSS would require searching for high and snowy locations . Lewis Gilbert originally declined the offer to direct , but accepted after producer Albert R. Broccoli called him saying : " ... | f718b728debde239a0a78948b23c61b3 | 9,356 |
Gilbert , producers Broccoli and Harry Saltzman , production designer Ken Adam and director of photography Freddie Young then went to Japan , spending three weeks searching for locations . SPECTRE ’ s shore fortress headquarters was changed to an extinct volcano after the team learned that the Japanese do not build ca... | 560b2683370e939ca663d4ce1c154968 | 9,357 |
Unlike most James Bond films featuring various locations around the world , almost the entire film is set in one country and several minutes are devoted to an elaborate Japanese wedding . This is in keeping with Fleming 's original novel , which also devoted a number of pages to the discussion of Japanese culture . To... | e327743a5fe190dae9638f823bad4c82 | 9,358 |
= = = Writing = = =
| fc609999659ca297d3dc4ada75c1a23d | 9,360 |
The producers had Harold Jack Bloom come to Japan with them to write a screenplay . Bloom 's work was ultimately rejected , but since several of his ideas were used in the final script , Bloom was given the credit of " Additional Story Material " . Among the elements were the opening with Bond 's fake death and burial... | 60e7e8dc54d11ed8ff785779d316ab28 | 9,362 |
Dahl said that the original novel was " Ian Fleming ’ s worst book , with no plot in it which would even make a movie " , and compared it to a travelogue , stating that he had to create a new plot " [ though ] I could retain only four or five of the original story 's ideas . " On creating the plot , Dahl said he " did... | b696316aa9a211a78c18a46a0f64a553 | 9,363 |
Gilbert was mostly collaborative with Dahl 's work , as the writer declared : " He not only helped in script conferences , but had some good ideas and then left you alone , and when you produced the finished thing , he shot it . Other directors have such an ego that they want to rewrite it and put their own dialogue i... | 5aebc869bfa33f4cc3f2bb0bc7da814c | 9,364 |
= = = Casting = = =
| e83a82d4a7b2a163dbfbd9992c549fbb | 9,366 |
When the time came to begin You Only Live Twice , the producers were faced with the problem of a disenchanted star . Sean Connery had stated that he was tired of playing James Bond and all of the associated commitment ( time spent filming and publicising each movie ) , together with finding it difficult to do other wo... | 5b82bad7688aadbe74f44a32cd2fbcf5 | 9,368 |
Jan Werich was originally cast by producer Harry Saltzman to play Blofeld . Upon his arrival at the Pinewood set , both producer Albert R. Broccoli and director Lewis Gilbert felt that he was a poor choice , resembling a " poor , benevolent Santa Claus " . Nonetheless , in an attempt to make the casting work , Gilbert... | 312f7e22146f2aa204eb548feaad5493 | 9,369 |
Many European models were tested for Helga Brandt including German actress Eva Renzi who passed on the film , with German actress Karin Dor being cast . Dor performed the stunt of diving into a pool to depict Helga 's demise herself , without the use of a double . Strangely , for the German version Dor was dubbed by s... | d5a88c08c02243a8a27e9e77b0e5ea97 | 9,370 |
Gilbert had chosen Tetsurō Tamba after working with him in The 7th Dawn . A number of actual martial arts experts were hired as the ninjas . The two Japanese female parts proved difficult to cast , due to most of the actresses tested having limited English . Akiko Wakabayashi and Mie Hama were eventually chosen and st... | 3c5cd7b53e450d59aab25b329b506389 | 9,371 |
= = = Filming = = =
| a0fdc25ccc0f9bf92dfd28b27739e5c5 | 9,373 |
Filming of You Only Live Twice lasted from July 1966 to March 1967 . The film was shot primarily in Japan . Himeji Castle in Hyōgo was depicted as Tanaka 's ninja training camp . His private transportation hub was filmed at the Tokyo Metro 's Nakano @-@ shimbashi Station . As of 2011 , many of the fixtures in the stat... | ef4b164cb7f0805152a6c504a50e312a | 9,375 |
The Hotel New Otani Tokyo served as the outside for Osato Chemicals and the hotel 's gardens were used for scenes of the ninja training . Bōnotsu in Kagoshima served as the fishing village , the Kobe harbour was used for the dock fight and Mount Shinmoe @-@ dake in Kyūshū was used for the exteriors of SPECTRE 's headq... | 6e69ee5c6804178f752cbfdfa6850959 | 9,376 |
The heavily armed WA @-@ 116 autogyro " Little Nellie " was included after Ken Adam heard a radio interview with its inventor , RAF Wing Commander Ken Wallis . Little Nellie was named after music hall star Nellie Wallace , who has a similar surname to its inventor . Wallis piloted his invention , which was equipped wi... | 323b4676a4f14df1118fedf9b236ed66 | 9,377 |
" Nellie 's " battle with helicopters proved to be difficult to film . The scenes were initially shot in Miyazaki , first with takes of the gyrocopter , with more than 85 take @-@ offs , 5 hours of flight and Wallis nearly crashing into the camera several times . A scene filming the helicopters from above created a ma... | 3360c9ce85eb5f7472fcf51e38a79969 | 9,378 |
The sets of SPECTRE 's volcano base were constructed at a lot inside Pinewood Studios , with a cost of $ 1 million and including operative heliport and monorail . The 45 m ( 148 ft ) tall set could be seen from 5 kilometres ( 3 miles ) away , and attracted many people from the region . Locations outside Japan included... | c5ffca9676c770507504eddf39219f6b | 9,379 |
Sean Connery 's then wife Diane Cilento did the swimming scenes for at least five Japanese actresses , including Mie Hama . Martial arts expert Donn F. Draeger provided martial arts training , and also doubled for Connery . Lewis Gilbert 's regular editor , Thelma Connell , was originally hired to edit the film . Howe... | 6c1efe04c0227da59b27cef09c0a61d1 | 9,380 |
= = = Music = = =
| ceb3803ce3ed8f2a8bac3b7a22aa4846 | 9,382 |
The soundtrack was the fourth of the series to be composed by John Barry . He tried to incorporate the " elegance of the Oriental sound " with Japanese music @-@ inspired tracks . The theme song , " You Only Live Twice " , was composed by Barry and lyricist Leslie Bricusse and sung by Nancy Sinatra after her father Fr... | 8c7e36bc5f6a55bb36896906cfac70c9 | 9,384 |
There are two versions of the song " You Only Live Twice " , sung by Nancy Sinatra , one directly from the movie soundtrack , and a second one for record release arranged by Billy Strange . The movie soundtrack song is widely recognised for its striking opening bars and oriental flavour , and was far more popular on r... | f24c57cf55c2764ec40092d500adeb81 | 9,385 |
In 1992 , Acen sampled the title song " You Only Live Twice " for his song " Trip II the Moon Part 2 " . In 1997 , Icelandic singer Björk recorded a cover version . In 1998 , Robbie Williams used the distinctive string figure for his song " Millennium " , ( although it was re @-@ recorded , rather than sampled from th... | 544fb849db6a10e5b48df5123096d4a9 | 9,386 |
A different title song was originally recorded by Julie Rogers , but eventually discarded . Only two lines from that version were kept in the final lyrics , and the orchestral part was changed to fit Nancy Sinatra 's vocal range . Rogers ' version only appeared in a James Bond 30th Anniversary CD , with no singer cred... | 06cb9377d9d4d76b0e433d4b11455c7e | 9,387 |
= = Promotion = =
| 5607630ef509ee6e6a513aefa29ff6bc | 9,389 |
To promote the film , Eon Productions produced a one @-@ hour colour television programme entitled Welcome to Japan , Mr. Bond first aired on 2 June 1967 in the United States on NBC . Bond regulars Lois Maxwell and Desmond Llewelyn appeared playing respectively " Miss Moneypenny " and " Q " . Kate O 'Mara appears as M... | 6561a6e2413ae3775c7bf22a69f12cbc | 9,391 |
= = Release and reception = =
| 19921e070bb07338a9bb1c4e1d93031f | 9,393 |
You Only Live Twice premiered at the Odeon Leicester Square in London . It was the first premiere of a James Bond film that Queen Elizabeth II attended . The film grossed $ 43 million in the United States and over $ 111 million worldwide .
| 2319dd9f69a6620d9e11ae5fd076de14 | 9,395 |
Critical response today is mostly positive , with Rotten Tomatoes giving a 72 % rating . But most reviews pointed out various flaws in the film . James Berardinelli said that the first half was good , but " during the second half , as the plot escalates beyond the bounds of preposterousness , that the film starts to f... | 6e156b4dff31032062e8f78d666613a0 | 9,396 |
Roger Ebert criticised the focus on gadgets , declaring that the James Bond formula " fails to work its magic " . John Brosnan in his book James Bond in the Cinema compared the film to an episode of Thunderbirds with a reliance on gadgetry but admitted it had pace and spectacle . Christopher Null considered the film o... | 1e370052eed92c592c5e072738a54898 | 9,397 |
Ali Barclay of BBC Films panned Dahl 's script displaying " a whole new world of villainy and technology . " Leo Goldsmith lauded the volcano base as " the most impressive of Ken Adam 's sets for the franchise . " Danny Peary wrote that You Only Live Twice " should have been about twenty minutes shorter " and describe... | 677a5c38c326d4caf361a3d81b66d0e1 | 9,398 |
IGN ranked You Only Live Twice as the fourth best Bond film , and Entertainment Weekly as the second best , considering that it " pushes the series to the outer edge of coolness " . But Norman Wilner of MSN chose it as the fifth worst , criticising the plot , action scenes and little screentime for Blofeld . Literary ... | 1e5ae24954d9c00a23d00cfc8d1b0647 | 9,399 |
= WASP @-@ 13b =
| a159193cfc617c8d70836ccc77cb3b67 | 9,402 |
WASP @-@ 13b is an extrasolar planet that was discovered in 2008 in the orbit of the sunlike star WASP @-@ 13 . The planet has a mass of nearly half that of Jupiter , but a radius five @-@ fourths the size of Jupiter . This low relative mass might be caused by a core that is of low mass or that is not present at all .... | 0a91c501b2f914bed19e0ee30ecf3aa3 | 9,404 |
The planet orbits at approximately 5 % of the distance between the Sun and Earth every four days . The star was observed several times between 2006 and 2009 , at first through the SuperWASP program and later through focused follow @-@ up observations . Analysis of collected radial velocity measurements led to the disc... | 22d1c809c6695b6854a107c40fb95478 | 9,405 |
= = Discovery = =
| 7590b87fdbe5bf69982f1986047f23d6 | 9,407 |
Between November 27 , 2006 , and April 1 , 2007 , 3329 images of the star WASP @-@ 13 by the SuperWASP @-@ North program based at Roque de los Muchachos Observatory in the Canary Islands led to the identification of WASP @-@ 13 as host to a potentially transiting object . Photometric follow @-@ up observations were ta... | 97fe69f8d54005c1f8005b4516382073 | 9,409 |
WASP @-@ 13 was observed between February 11 and 15 in 2008 by the SOPHIE échelle spectrograph at the Haute @-@ Provence Observatory in France , determining the radial velocity of the transiting body . Use of the FIES echelle spectrograph at the Nordic Optical Telescope in the Canary Islands gained other spectral meas... | d298479efb8ca004b76a8c8e0b026522 | 9,410 |
The discovery of WASP @-@ 13b was reported in the journal Astronomy and Astrophysics by the European Southern Observatory on May 19 , 2009 . The discovery paper was received by the journal on April 7 , 2009 .
| 3d4d7aa31a42959100c76be1ac3ae206 | 9,411 |
Later , between 2009 and 2011 , another team of astronomers observed WASP @-@ 13b and WASP @-@ 21b to find what caused some Hot Jupiters to have anomalously high radii . The RISE photometric camera on the Liverpool Telescope was used to detect further transits . Two partial transits and two full transits were observed... | 2c9b067d76ecb63dec2f065253493f32 | 9,412 |
= = Host star = =
| ad93875fb6f4816fc1753b460a3c6126 | 9,414 |
WASP @-@ 13 is a sunlike G @-@ type star located in the Lynx constellation . Measurements taken by FIES and SOPHIE did not constrain the mass , radius , or age well ; however , a later 2011 study using the Liverpool Telescope better @-@ constrained those parameters . The star 's mass is estimated at 1 @.@ 09 times the... | e1d21ce83e3646a15c920049403b024b | 9,416 |
WASP @-@ 13 has an apparent magnitude of 10 @.@ 42 , making it invisible to the unaided eye as seen from Earth .
| bf6195e1b6f6eef531539c935fe917d1 | 9,417 |
= = Characteristics = =
| 7578e00b1806474d133aedda48bbb013 | 9,419 |
WASP @-@ 13b is a transiting planet with an estimated mass that is ( including limb darkening ) 0 @.@ 477 times that of Jupiter and a radius that is 1 @.@ 389 times Jupiter 's radius . The planet is , in other words , less than half the mass of Jupiter , but slightly less than fourteen tenths its size . WASP @-@ 13b '... | 815f459140013882316feb2199354363 | 9,421 |
WASP @-@ 13b has an orbital inclination of 86.9º , which means that it orbits almost edge @-@ on as seen from Earth .
| 9058ad1e7226dd34c61f2104e57e6444 | 9,422 |
= U2 concert in Sarajevo =
| 2635a935abd677eb564fb342c9291f94 | 9,425 |
On 23 September 1997 , the Irish rock band U2 held a concert at Koševo Stadium in Sarajevo , Bosnia and Herzegovina , as part of the group 's PopMart Tour . They were the first major artist to hold a concert in the city after the end of the Bosnian War . Approximately 45 @,@ 000 fans attended the show .
| 13ac1a0cb3bdda6326e35c989b0ea530 | 9,427 |
The band first became involved with Sarajevo in 1993 on their Zoo TV Tour ; approached by aid worker Bill Carter about bringing attention to the Siege of Sarajevo , the band conducted nightly satellite transmissions with Bosnians during their shows . These link @-@ ups were the subject of criticism from journalists fo... | 745f04c65050474d87d58ac3f620e951 | 9,428 |
The band offered to hold a benefit concert or small show in Sarajevo , but it was requested that they stage a full PopMart concert . The performance consequently featured the tour 's extravagant stage , and the band played a set list typical of the tour . The show brought together people of different ethnicities who h... | 1b2467011d503ad34b9ce0f3166907ab | 9,429 |
= = Background = =
| d514b18e9690308b2ac67a227be74a70 | 9,431 |
= = = War in Sarajevo = = =
| 148625edc66896133c87454fe6aa34d9 | 9,434 |
Socialist Federal Republic of Yugoslavia was composed of six constituent republics : Bosnia @-@ Herzegovina , Croatia , Macedonia , Montenegro , Serbia , and Slovenia . In 1991 , Croatia , and Slovenia seceded from Yugoslavia . Bosnia @-@ Herzegovina — a republic with a mixed population consisting of Bosniaks , Serbs ... | 31e732683b2aacc02738abfb236a8082 | 9,436 |
= = = U2 's reaction = = =
| b9f81e5360c8cc6012bdcd97ca40a132 | 9,438 |
In 1993 , U2 were in Europe for the " Zooropa " leg of their Zoo TV Tour . Before their 3 July show in Verona , Italy , the band received a fax from Radio Televizija Bosne I Hercegovina asking for an interview regarding the situation in Bosnia . The band agreed and met with an American aid worker named Bill Carter , w... | a1fea880a822176da4e7ec085cbd36d6 | 9,440 |
Bono agreed to Carter 's request without asking the rest of the band , and when informed of the idea , the other members gave only tacit approval . They briefly considered playing an impromptu concert in the city , with Bono suggesting that they perform in the bunker where Carter and his friends hid during the siege .... | 2ef655345a49e6970bc36ec3648a49be | 9,441 |
Instead , the group agreed to use the tour 's satellite dish to conduct live video transmissions from their concerts to Carter in Sarajevo . Carter returned to the city and assembled a video unit . The band purchased a satellite dish to be sent to Sarajevo and paid a £ 100 @,@ 000 fee to join the European Broadcasting... | 99c6b7167ba03f09a8e0fb5bbebdafe5 | 9,442 |
Reactions to the transmissions were mixed . Many fans felt the transmissions disrupted the flow of the concerts . Most of the British press was highly critical . One writer for NME wrote , " The Bosnian linkup was beyond bad taste . It was insulting . " Bono thought that they were bringing the public 's attention to a... | 16d5245397852f8968c6c90bb2d7c2a9 | 9,443 |
The band contributed to Bosnian relief efforts to enhance humanitarian and public awareness of the issue , and Bono and Carter subsequently collaborated on the documentary Miss Sarajevo , which showcased the war @-@ torn city during Carter 's six months living there . In 1995 , U2 and Eno wrote the song " Miss Sarajev... | 4c5f44ac30a50cec567d25f6d8523202 | 9,444 |
= = Scheduling and preparations = =
| e22d580475b3fcf1677db20baa3801fa | 9,446 |
As the Bosnian War ended in 1995 and the Siege of Sarajevo in 1996 , the stability of the region began to improve . Realizing this , U2 began to plan a concert for Sarajevo that would take place on their 1997 PopMart Tour . Although they were the first major musical artist to perform in the city following the war , Ch... | 9ee3c3d548ac86380dfd0094eb99fc12 | 9,448 |
Scheduling the concert meant a financial loss of £ 500 @,@ 000 for the band , despite sponsorship from Coca @-@ Cola and GSM . Ticket prices were set at just DM 8 ( £ 8 , US $ 18 ) , because of the 50 percent unemployment rate in the city . Bono offered for the group to perform a benefit concert or small show in Saraj... | 924dbad867e1aeda150ba9cee5ff8210 | 9,449 |
As late as July 1997 , U2 were pressured to accept an offer of approximately $ 4 million to perform in Basel , Switzerland on the date scheduled for the Sarajevo show . At the time , rumours about the region 's instability persisted . To ensure the Sarajevo show was not canceled , Sacirbey appeared at many of the band... | b9e4f62a9a9aa93346beac22b23ad71c | 9,450 |
Several hundred members of the international " Stabilisation Force " ( SFOR ) were tasked with upholding the Dayton Agreement for the concert . The band were overwhelmed by the sights they saw when arriving . During the war , Koševo Stadium was used as a morgue , and graveyards were present on either sides . Although ... | 98d201ec7fa8e0b8eabd27bc71135227 | 9,451 |
On the day of the concert , trains ran into Sarajevo for the first time since the start of the war . Two lines were opened , one from Mostar to Sarajevo and the other from Maglaj to Sarajevo . Although the railways had been functional for the duration of the war , Muslim and Croat politicians could not decide who woul... | 2c9097c30a0a6fc3dbb15ce8a7e1785f | 9,452 |
= = Concert overview = =
| 6affdc95357f07ab11a5308336648498 | 9,454 |
The concert was held on 23 September 1997 , and approximately 45 @,@ 000 people attended . It was broadcast in Bosnia by local television networks , as well as globally by BBC . During the event , 10 @,@ 000 soldiers stood on the left side of the stadium to ensure no conflicts broke out . At showtime , a decision was ... | 4efe2722ba4551bbf99b5d59b5ac508e | 9,456 |
Three opening acts played before U2 , beginning with the Gazi Huzrev @-@ Beg choir , an Islamic choir from a local high school . Their performance was followed by two local bands , Protest and Sikter , one of which was chosen personally by Sacirbey , and the other which was selected through a radio contest . Following... | 68591d0b4645ba169805d05651409e5e | 9,457 |
The band 's set list was similar to that of most shows on the PopMart Tour , but with " Sunday Bloody Sunday " in place of The Edge 's karaoke segment and the addition of " Miss Sarajevo " in the second encore . The night was a celebration of the end of the war , with Bono setting the tone by shouting out " Viva Saraj... | 03875c605c4f96321283bac61c0f188e | 9,458 |
At various points during " Until the End of the World " and " New Year 's Day " , Bono gestured for the audience to help him with the vocals , and by the eighth song of the night , " Pride ( In the Name of Love ) " , he was reduced to speaking the lyrics instead of singing them . The band continued with their standard... | 33568cb196e3758d228ec2551a261d99 | 9,459 |
In the interlude before the first encore , U2 had a worried discussion over the introduction to " Miss Sarajevo " . The song had only been played once prior — at a benefit concert in 1995 with Bono , The Edge , Eno , and Pavarotti . They returned to the stage and played " Discothèque " , " If You Wear That Velvet Dres... | ea87c18a3b78c7ae66d3706a3c370a7e | 9,460 |
After the band had walked offstage , in a move described by NME as the most meaningful of the concert , the audience faced the troops in the stadium and broke into a spontaneous round of applause , which quickly turned into an ovation — an act which the soldiers mimicked in turn .
| beb8255057c5b178cff57230ab50538a | 9,461 |
= = Reaction = =
| 4011d9d8bf3506c55dcfb0b3ee8a801a | 9,463 |
The day after the concert in Sarajevo , a local newspaper carried an editorial which was headlined , " Today was the day the siege of Sarajevo ended " . In reaction to the event , a Bosnian student told members of the international press , " I felt excluded from the world for so long . It 's not only about U2 . It 's ... | 0843bb8a87b77a3268c1000b484e1580 | 9,465 |
Mullen and The Edge both agreed that playing the Sarajevo concert had been the highlight of their careers ; Mullen said , " [ t ] here 's no doubt that that is an experience I will never forget for the rest of my life . And if I had to spend 20 years in the band just to play that show , [ ... ] I think it would have b... | 313df68bfb14f5b4053e7b53cd581ae5 | 9,466 |
= = Legacy = =
| b4fa22c13235a44f06adb277883cbe5d | 9,468 |
The peaceful nature of the U2 concert was fleeting , as violence flared up in the region the following year with the Kosovo War . NATO troops remained in Sarajevo until 2004 , while European Union peace @-@ keeping troops remain in the city .
| 5877f76d2602d2fb61e581b5360371ce | 9,470 |
Following the Sarajevo concert , The Edge 's solo performance of " Sunday Bloody Sunday " was performed at the majority of shows for the remainder of the tour , and a recording of the song from the Sarajevo concert was released on the CD single for " If God Will Send His Angels " on 8 December 1997 ; The Edge later st... | a788c910675c69cb47939c4c5f91909a | 9,471 |
After U2 first performed " Miss Sarajevo " at the Sarajevo concert , it was not performed again until the second leg of the Vertigo Tour in 2005 . U2 did not return to perform in any country in the former Yugoslavia until August 2009 , when they performed two shows in Zagreb during the U2 360 ° Tour . During the Zagre... | 4be390814fd39020812ba6f0f83e4b29 | 9,472 |
= Frank Slide =
| e86405d63ac3d19b6c913cbe3569716d | 9,475 |
The Frank Slide was a rockslide that buried part of the mining town of Frank , Alberta , Canada . The province of Alberta was not created until September 1905 , more than two years after the slide . The community was still part of the Northwest Territories when the incident occurred at 4 : 10 am on April 29 , 1903 . O... | 74e6440b4521b9fe95e7a045b9d23498 | 9,477 |
The railway was repaired within three weeks and the mine was quickly reopened . The section of town closest to the mountain was relocated in 1911 amid fears that another slide was possible . The town 's population nearly doubled its pre @-@ slide population by 1906 , but dwindled after the mine closed permanently in 1... | c7db95a5df7db3c143ddd676e87cf131 | 9,478 |
= = Background = =
| d514b18e9690308b2ac67a227be74a70 | 9,480 |
The town of Frank was founded in the southwestern corner of the District of Alberta , a subdivision of the Northwest Territories in 1901 . A location was chosen near the base of Turtle Mountain in the Crowsnest Pass , where coal had been discovered one year earlier . It was named after Henry Frank who , along with Sam... | 51fe1b46e81c11f08407070069166aca | 9,482 |
Turtle Mountain stands immediately south of Frank . It consists of an older limestone layer folded over on top of softer materials such as shale and sandstone . Erosion had left the mountain with a steep overhang of its limestone layer . It has long been unstable ; the Blackfoot and Kutenai peoples called it " the mou... | dd4131bff2262381bf94595900660f46 | 9,483 |
= = Rockslide = =
| 939260f0adb0ce22706825e8a164f177 | 9,485 |
In the early morning hours of April 29 , 1903 , a freight train pulled out of the mine and was slowly making its way towards the townsite when the crew heard a deafening rumble behind them . The engineer instinctively set the throttle to full speed ahead and sped his train to safety across the bridge over the Crowsnes... | 6149b440216d0c40453359971fc3b60f | 9,487 |
Initial reports on the disaster indicated that Frank had been " nearly wiped out " by the mountain 's collapse . It was thought the rockslide was triggered by an earthquake , volcanic eruption or explosion within the mine . The majority of the town survived , but the slide buried buildings on the eastern outskirts of ... | d96dc02793abc09de878c2a835f7ffc8 | 9,488 |
Approximately 100 people lived in the path of destruction , located between the CPR tracks and the river . The death toll is uncertain ; estimates range between 70 and 90 . It is the deadliest landslide in Canadian history and was the largest until the Hope Slide in 1965 . It is possible that the toll may have been hi... | 4e24a5697133d59248cb5ab2d8786af6 | 9,489 |
Initial news reports stated that between 50 and 60 men were within the mountain and had been buried with no hope of survival . In reality , there were 20 miners working the night shift at the time of the disaster . Three had been outside the mine and were killed by the slide . The remaining 17 were underground . They ... | 8dc11b843779bebb916436ee2bc53354 | 9,490 |
The miners found that the row of cottages that served as their homes had been devastated and some of their families killed , seemingly at random . One found his family alive and safe in a makeshift hospital , but another emerged to discover his wife and four children had died . Fifteen @-@ year @-@ old Lillian Clark ,... | 657fb7f64cd1ce8c252fa75e233b923d | 9,491 |
= = = Aftermath = = =
| 4877d6b29d922ce540e5160bb4df33f5 | 9,493 |
Early on April 30 a special train from Fort Macleod arrived with police officers and doctors . Premier Frederick Haultain arrived at the disaster site on May 1 , where he met with engineers who had investigated the top of Turtle Mountain . Though new fissures had formed at the peak , they felt there was limited furthe... | def2f3fcfacea06fce3fd3bc57955824 | 9,495 |
Clearing the Canadian Pacific Railway line was of paramount importance . Approximately 2 kilometres ( 1 @.@ 2 mi ) of the main line had been buried under the slide , along with part of an auxiliary line . The CPR had the line cleared and rebuilt within three weeks . Intent on reopening the mine , workers opened passag... | f2352c6eef1a1736e3236af6c39edeaf | 9,496 |
The town 's population not only recovered but grew ; the 1906 census of the Canadian Prairies listed the population at 1 @,@ 178 . A new study commissioned by the Dominion government determined that the cracks in the mountain continued to grow and that the risk of another slide remained . Consequently , parts of Frank... | 4f3401afa72790d6f4c44ee8e11cf46d | 9,497 |
= = Causes = =
| b08931a90c3757564aa6c1c7bbb6fdd0 | 9,499 |
Several factors led to the Frank Slide . A study conducted by the GSC immediately following the slide concluded that the primary cause was the mountain 's unstable anticline formation ; a layer of limestone rested on top of softer materials that , after years of erosion , resulted in a top @-@ heavy , steep cliff . Cr... | e3dcc2eb0b85f0b677e4c9638722de18 | 9,501 |
An unusually warm winter , with warm days and cold nights , was also a factor . Water in the mountain 's fissures froze and thawed repeatedly , further weakening the mountain 's supports . Heavy snowfall in the region in March was followed by a warm April , causing the mountain snows to melt into the fissures . GSC ge... | e840736c48c46ec634a0654448c0aeec | 9,502 |
Though the GSC concluded that mining activities contributed to the slide , the facility 's owners disagreed . Their engineers claimed that the mine bore no responsibility . Later studies suggested that the mountain had been at a point of " equilibrium " ; even a small deformation such as that caused by the mine 's exi... | 10169938a9b4f4da5ec310c04b0e2b58 | 9,503 |
The slide created two new peaks on the mountain ; the south peak stands 2 @,@ 200 metres ( 7 @,@ 200 ft ) high and the north peak 2 @,@ 100 metres ( 6 @,@ 900 ft ) . Geologists believe that another slide is inevitable , though not imminent . The south peak is considered the most likely to fall ; it would likely create... | 46bb6ce7b3dd15c742f300464e78aa69 | 9,504 |
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