text
stringlengths
4
7.07k
text_hash
stringlengths
32
32
__index_level_0__
int64
1
1.81M
= = = First @-@ team squad = = =
e56420e68de54fd73bd734100a453391
9,800
As of 21 June 2016 .
d8c22eda6598f317854c1ba5783d4d7b
9,802
Note : Flags indicate national team as defined under FIFA eligibility rules . Players may hold more than one non @-@ FIFA nationality .
ba9eb514bba5dd3fb936604bec9a2f5f
9,803
= = = Out on loan = = =
7cc5d84988fba4b2abc5b6628c033888
9,805
Note : Flags indicate national team as defined under FIFA eligibility rules . Players may hold more than one non @-@ FIFA nationality .
ba9eb514bba5dd3fb936604bec9a2f5f
9,807
= = = U21 squad = = =
d4d2519d3cba3c8ee08b9fb747eab7c1
9,809
As of 21 June 2016 .
d8c22eda6598f317854c1ba5783d4d7b
9,811
Note : Flags indicate national team as defined under FIFA eligibility rules . Players may hold more than one non @-@ FIFA nationality .
ba9eb514bba5dd3fb936604bec9a2f5f
9,812
= = = Notable players = = =
0884ee34efbc5342fc56acada908e9f3
9,814
There have been many players who can be called notable throughout Aston Villa 's history . These can be classified and recorded in several forms . The Halls of Fame and PFA Players of the Year are noted below . As of 2014 , Aston Villa , jointly with Tottenham Hotspur , hold the record for providing the most England i...
c721b30d16a2d2ee7ecfbde80c954dad
9,816
Three Aston Villa players have won the PFA Players ' Player of the Year award . At the end of every English football season , the members of the Professional Footballers ' Association ( PFA ) vote on which of its members has played the best football in the previous year . In 1977 Andy Gray won the award . In 1990 it w...
a8f34672ca367a0b8edb9ba4c36259e1
9,817
In 2006 , Aston Villa announced the creation of an " Aston Villa Hall of Fame . " This was voted for by fans and the inaugural induction saw 12 former players , managers and directors named . In May 2013 it was announced that former Villa and Bulgaria captain , Stiliyan Petrov , would be the 13th addition to the Hall ...
b1a8c10fa20c52c18d6b2ba2d0270418
9,818
= = Management = =
52d29fdb0c4dc8e954cd297db2b372a8
9,820
= = = Current technical staff = = =
1e5d8379ed147e229ceaf3fc58a1f63d
9,823
As of 4 June 2016
d382671cee190f7d7dec3052e8c00327
9,825
= = = Board of Directors = = =
f809595536fa3ed5206a38e87bb8cbbd
9,827
As of 15 June 2016
86c071b21abdf0a6058c5cacc1987b34
9,829
= = = Notable managers = = =
328946c4a899d77636cbe9fc82dc1e1e
9,831
The following managers have all won at least one trophy when in charge or have been notable for Villa in the context of the League , for example Jozef VengloΕ‘ who holds a League record .
9cb175d7f461d2d561c40a1a7845e249
9,833
= = In popular culture = =
e3f88c86dc3837edd8eda4ec57e954be
9,835
A number of television programmes have included references to Aston Villa over the past few decades . In the sitcom Porridge , the character Lennie Godber is a Villa supporter . When filming began on Dad 's Army , Villa fan Ian Lavender was allowed to choose Frank Pike 's scarf from an array in the BBC wardrobe ; he c...
b6bdd66e68a36e93f6fcaeb8fc69c505
9,837
Aston Villa have also featured on several occasions in prose . Stanley Woolley , a character in Derek Robinson 's Booker shortlisted novel Goshawk Squadron is an Aston Villa fan and names a pre @-@ war starting eleven Villa side . Together with The Oval , Villa Park is referenced by the poet Philip Larkin in his poem ...
35a9aa82bfe986f8196f0d89024e30e7
9,838
= Pattycake ( gorilla ) =
9f90c8c704040a82c6b6cf06e3800c55
9,841
Pattycake , also known as Patty Cake ( September 3 , 1972 – March 31 , 2013 ) was a female western lowland gorilla ( Gorilla gorilla gorilla ) born to Lulu and Kongo at the Central Park Zoo in New York City . She was the first baby gorilla successfully born in captivity in New York . Months after her much publicized b...
fc70c8d0672c51c23b7ddac8b30d00e3
9,843
Her injury was treated at the Bronx Zoo while a custody dispute between the two zoos broke out in public and elicited a range of opinions from experts who believed Pattycake should be returned to her mother . Intense media coverage and public interest brought Pattycake to the attention of a wide audience , with storie...
b4bed1cfedaae18b5689618eb60342c2
9,844
Pattycake was the " child star " of New York City in the early 1970s , and her fame was compared to Shirley Temple . At a time when New York City was facing many problems , she distracted the public from their growing anxieties and became a welcome relief for New Yorkers and their children who loved to visit her . Aft...
7021afb7a3639521cb51f12d021bd6ed
9,845
= = Birth = =
e6d152f8eab7dfa028a004ba8dbf7147
9,847
" Pattycake " was born on September 3 , 1972 , to western lowland gorilla parents Lulu and Kongo at the Central Park Zoo . Lulu and Kongo first arrived at the zoo on May 11 , 1966 . At the time , it was thought that Lulu wasn 't mature enough to conceive , so when Lulu gave birth to Pattycake at the age of 8 , it came...
b47618c22bfd67bc0335413bb686b9ae
9,849
At the time of her birth , it was unknown if she was a male or female , as it was considered too dangerous to approach her and her parents . Her handlers assumed she was a male and originally named her " Sonny Jim " . When it was established that Pattycake was a female , a contest was held by the New York Daily News t...
d3181afc0a3068404db2c7b8a9f07b33
9,850
Pattycake 's birth caught the attention of the city and brought crowds of thousands of New Yorkers to the Central Park Zoo . Reporter N. R. Kleinfield called her a child star whose " furry face served as a bit of a respite at a time when the city found itself grappling with high crime rates and an intensifying financi...
7468a35e4f90eb8a0a90ebacf48ff906
9,851
= = Custody dispute = =
c7258df203f3a0ef2e5245a98781447b
9,853
At the age of five months , Pattycake was sharing the Lion House with Lulu and Kongo at the Central Park Zoo . On March 20 , 1973 , an accident occurred that was attributed more to clumsiness than to parenting skills . Although no staff were on hand to see it directly , according to visitors , while little Pattycake w...
ef50777ab4ba49cb886ffdcb955b2647
9,855
The news media would have liked to have it a dramatic bloody mess β€” a struggle between mom and pop for the custody of the child . It was nothing like that . It was a simple accident . Kongo was in one part of the double cage , Lulu in another , and between them was a partition of narrow bars . Lulu had Patty Cake in h...
ab1cf009834c6481bb8890d459587eeb
9,856
Pattycake was brought to New York Medical College for surgery and she was given a cast for her arm . Due to concerns that Lulu would try to remove Pattycake 's cast , she was separated from her mother and moved to the Bronx Zoo for convalescence . Pattycake was treated by veterinarian Emil Dolensek who later replaced ...
fd7f7ccd6a02d839804f68dd2fe3b221
9,857
A custody dispute began between the two zoos , with the Bronx Zoo arguing that she would be better cared for in their facilities . Time magazine noted that it was the " custody battle of the decade " in the " primate world " , comparing Patty Cake 's popularity and fame to that of child star Shirley Temple . Developme...
1a32f497e528b63d6b8e00eec2c5dc39
9,858
After three months recuperating from her injuries , Pattycake was returned to her mother on June 15 , 1973 . The entire incident was documented by artist Susan Green in her book Gentle Gorilla : The Story of Patty Cake ( 1978 ) .
2a8c2f47bd804d18fd78eac211ee18de
9,859
= = Central Park Zoo conditions = =
f011505228a1b24c11fec9e5360df614
9,861
By the 1970s , animal welfare organizations began to voice their increasing concern with the treatment of zoo animals and the conditions of their enclosures at the Central Park Zoo , the oldest zoo in the U.S. The Humane Society of the United States , the Friends of the Zoo , and the Society for Animal Rights decried ...
1fdd683e526392d9d863907997b80130
9,863
= = Bronx Zoo = =
95f7d5fa470c2b267c5b53b268d07ae7
9,865
Pattycake moved permanently to the Bronx Zoo on December 20 , 1982 . For a few years , she lived in a cage with Pansy , a chimpanzee . In June 1999 , Pattycake moved into the Wildlife Conservation Society 's $ 43 million Congo Gorilla Forest exhibit . The exhibit includes a Great Gorilla Forest viewing area that separ...
4ccf42b3505677f39f73022748292e6b
9,867
= = Breeding and offspring = =
02d0fa6a5dd187f8a3cacae5cf32695c
9,869
Pattycake gave birth to her first baby , Tumai , a male gorilla , on January 20 , 1985 . Tumai was sired by Bendera . Pattycake and Bendera had a second baby on March 23 , 1986 , but it died soon after birth . With Barney , Pattycake gave birth to three babies : a female named Paki , on May 26 , 1989 , followed by Pat...
2134efa8b887292f305b07676ae14aba
9,871
In October 1991 , a silverback named Timmy ( 1959 – 2011 ) was taken away from Kate , his infertile companion at the Cleveland Metroparks Zoo , in the hopes of breeding lowland gorillas and introducing new genes into the captive gorilla gene pool . This forced separation led to protests from animal rights activists wh...
498dd47a83381861c03f777cca80ea17
9,872
On July 11 , 1993 , Pattycake and Timmy gave birth to Okpara , a male gorilla . The pair also gave birth to twin males , Ngoma and Tambo , on August 8 , 1994 . It was the sixth time western lowland gorillas had given birth to twins in captivity . The twins were raised in a separate habitat by surrogate mothers . After...
dad18ccc6bc8b64df6ac8a6d3193ff2a
9,873
= = Later life = =
6f7d73134ef1be26474901caa8546b0d
9,875
Kongo , Pattycake 's father , died in 1998 . In 2002 , the Pattycake Fund was established to raise $ 250 @,@ 000 to stop illegal poaching of African gorillas . The fundraising coincided with Pattycake 's 30th birthday , commemorated with a two @-@ day celebration at the Bronx Zoo . A special cake was made for her from...
63195ba080d5d6ea6cb5cd8882558407
9,877
Timmy , along with two female gorillas , Tunuka and Paki , left the Bronx Zoo for the Louisville Zoo in May 2004 .
ce3162c0e5360588fb7d7158e78b94d2
9,878
Pattycake tried her hand at painting while participating with the Wildlife Conservation Society ( WCS ) animal enrichment program at the Bronx Zoo . A sample of her work was published in the 2010 WCS Annual Report .
13b0184917ccf4456aec3d8b93bcefed
9,879
Pattycake 's mother Lulu died in early 2011 .
f6159d04372396e6fda444d4314043d9
9,880
Pattycake suffered from chronic heart disease and arthritis as she aged . She was one of 338 captive zoo gorillas within North America when she died in her sleep at the age of 40 . According to the Wildlife Conservation Society , Pattycake exceeded the median life span of 37 years for female zoo gorillas .
351f8262233fc039377b20b8f06b63f4
9,881
= = Cultural depictions = =
74b8396d1131b473b503dfded78ac084
9,883
In honor of Pattycake , the Rev. Frederick Douglass Kirkpatrick ( Brother Kirk ) joined Pete Seeger and the Sesame Street kids chorus for the song " Patty Cake Gorilla " , released on the album Pete Seeger and Brother Kirk Visit Sesame Street ( 1974 ) . A picture book called Patty Cake ( 1974 ) , featuring New York Ti...
ad512ae3fd42903bae856ce669e79656
9,885
= Lactarius indigo =
fcbfe386c603a9591eaf998b0e043e12
9,888
Lactarius indigo , commonly known as the indigo milk cap , the indigo ( or blue ) lactarius , or the blue milk mushroom , is a species of agaric fungus in the family Russulaceae . A widely distributed species , it grows naturally in eastern North America , East Asia , and Central America ; it has also been reported in...
404ccfc58364376f6c285219846f2416
9,890
= = Taxonomy and nomenclature = =
1ecfb26d481f51c6a9fde4b37a8190d2
9,892
Originally described in 1822 as Agaricus indigo by American mycologist Lewis David de Schweinitz , the species was later transferred to the genus Lactarius in 1838 by the Swede Elias Magnus Fries . German botanist Otto Kuntze called it Lactifluus indigo in his 1891 treatise Revisio Generum Plantarum , but the suggeste...
98ccee2c1dd6a5a160f6c640e982a5c2
9,894
The gradual development of blue to violet pigmentation as one progresses from species to species is an interesting phenomenon deserving further study . The climax is reached in L. indigo which is blue throughout . L. chelidonium and its variety chelidonioides , L. paradoxus , and L. hemicyaneus may be considered as mi...
94022602c854d2e55749a7c5ebe56ac7
9,895
The specific epithet indigo is derived from the Latin word meaning " indigo blue " . Its names in the English vernacular include the " indigo milk cap " , the " indigo Lactarius " , the " blue milk mushroom " , and the " blue Lactarius " . In central Mexico , it is known as aΓ±il , azul , hongo azul , zuin , and zuine ...
e57bbee6f398562870b43f12cb22025a
9,896
= = Description = =
7096d9cc91723f919ab4f5acdab6bccb
9,898
Like many other mushrooms , L. indigo develops from a nodule , or pinhead , that forms within the underground mycelium , a mass of threadlike fungal cells called hyphae that make up the bulk of the organism . Under appropriate environmental conditions of temperature , humidity , and nutrient availability , the visible...
1963b1b2771e3f78a0622f010e843244
9,900
The flesh is pallid to bluish in color , slowly turning greenish after being exposed to air ; its taste is mild to slightly acrid . The flesh of the entire mushroom is brittle , and the stem , if bent sufficiently , will snap open cleanly . The latex exuded from injured tissue is indigo blue , and stains the wounded t...
619a3ec9fedbf0cfdcd4b72f03352f0f
9,901
The gills of the mushroom range from adnate ( squarely attached to the stem ) to slightly decurrent ( running down the length of the stem ) , and crowded close together . Their color is an indigo blue , becoming paler with age or staining green with damage . The stem is 2 – 6 cm ( 0 @.@ 8 – 2 @.@ 4 in ) tall by 1 – 2 ...
936fbcd70ac7663639918bddfd7a6631
9,902
L. indigo var. diminutivus ( the " smaller indigo milk cap " ) is a smaller variant of the mushroom , with a cap diameter between 3 and 7 cm ( 1 @.@ 2 and 2 @.@ 8 in ) , and a stem 1 @.@ 5 – 4 @.@ 0 cm ( 0 @.@ 6 – 1 @.@ 6 in ) long and 0 @.@ 3 – 1 @.@ 0 cm ( 0 @.@ 1 – 0 @.@ 4 in ) thick . It is often seen in Virginia ...
6d69841404638accd06f121a6697a845
9,903
= = = Microscopic features = = =
8a365f7ad9a8d6f8857c4cbf80087fbe
9,905
When viewed in mass , as in a spore print , the spores appear cream to yellow colored . Viewed with a light microscope , the spores are translucent ( hyaline ) , elliptical to nearly spherical in shape , with amyloid warts , and have dimensions of 7 – 9 by 5 @.@ 5 – 7 @.@ 5 Β΅m . Scanning electron microscopy reveals re...
43a0ebc008209c570d1022e3a0c28e62
9,907
= = = Similar species = = =
655abc1b4acc929e2a0013d0919c231d
9,909
The characteristic blue color of the fruiting body and the latex make this species easily recognizable . Other Lactarius species with some blue color include the " silver @-@ blue milky " ( L. paradoxus ) , found in eastern North America , which has a grayish @-@ blue cap when young , but it has reddish @-@ brown to p...
dc27e8c125660169bcd06c1b4483ff8d
9,911
= = Edibility = =
7d18ee632f304e1c007414a154a29f6f
9,913
Although L. indigo is a well @-@ known edible species , opinions vary on its desirability . For example , American mycologist David Arora considers it a " superior edible " , while a field guide on Kansas fungi rates it as " mediocre in quality " . It may have a slightly bitter , or peppery taste , and has a coarse , ...
3da22e439084f2a7ada3ff7f3fbbf132
9,915
In Mexico , individuals harvest the wild mushrooms for sale at farmers ' markets , typically from June to November ; they are considered a " second class " species for consumption . L. indigo is also sold in Guatemalan markets from May to October . It is one of 13 Lactarius species sold at rural markets in Yunnan in s...
09bb075bf3484635f7e59ae233618f52
9,916
= = = Chemical composition = = =
ae97336f4d5ae55a487d7acdc9a468e1
9,918
A chemical analysis of Mexican specimens has shown L. indigo to contain moisture at 951 mg / g of mushroom , fat at 4 @.@ 3 mg / g , protein at 13 @.@ 4 mg / g , and dietary fiber at 18 @.@ 7 mg / g , much higher in comparison to the common button mushroom , which contains 6 @.@ 6 mg / g . Compared to three other wild...
abc0ebce8a9280fe0c6fff34b7af26dc
9,920
The blue color of L. indigo is due to ( 7 @-@ isopropenyl @-@ 4 @-@ methylazulen @-@ 1 @-@ yl ) methyl stearate , an organic derivative of azulene . It is unique to this species , but similar to a compound found in L. deliciosus .
90281221685a9e9a4cc0aa1e1a0262b6
9,921
= = Distribution , habitat , and ecology = =
d0d16163819259691d1fe0729e7383ec
9,923
L. indigo is distributed throughout southern and eastern North America but is most common along the Gulf Coast , Mexico , and Guatemala . Its frequency of appearance in the Appalachian Mountains of the United States has been described as " occasional to locally common " . Mycologist David Arora notes that in the Unite...
1db371eaf5d1d4c0a4db4174bf5e5251
9,925
L. indigo is a mycorrhizal fungus , and as such , establishes a mutualistic relationship with the roots of certain trees ( " hosts " ) , in which the fungi exchange minerals and amino acids extracted from the soil for fixed carbon from the host . The subterranean hyphae of the fungus grow a sheath of tissue around the...
7ee5c50775679cd5c99550699e31cd98
9,926
Reflecting their close relationships with trees , the fruit bodies of L. indigo are typically found growing on the ground , scattered or in groups , in both deciduous and coniferous forests . They are also commonly found in floodplain areas that have been recently submerged . In Mexico , associations have been noted w...
fb65ff8052512c680be6c74812c6761f
9,927
= = = Cited literature = = =
e35b01353aac6a8a976c4b340904cda0
9,929
Arora D. ( 1986 ) . Mushrooms Demystified : A Comprehensive Guide to the Fleshy Fungi . Berkeley , California : Ten Speed Press . ISBN 0 @-@ 89815 @-@ 169 @-@ 4 .
e059c5fc2504c198fb60d18aa2ded432
9,931
Hesler LR , Smith AH ( 1979 ) . North American Species of Lactarius . Ann Arbor , Michigan : The University of Michigan Press . ISBN 0 @-@ 472 @-@ 08440 @-@ 2 .
dd5b59893eb1a616b8232bcd80ee1319
9,932
= You 're Gonna Love Tomorrow =
4cf65ed45939963e5b1d1b314bd3dcfd
9,935
" You 're Gonna Love Tomorrow " is the fifth season premiere episode of the American comedy @-@ drama series Desperate Housewives , and the 88th episode overall . It originally aired on September 28 , 2008 , in the United States on ABC ( American Broadcasting Company ) . The episode was written by series creator Marc ...
7c46da81232354e31f3d9aa9a6c942bb
9,937
In the episode , Edie ( Nicollette Sheridan ) returns to Wisteria Lane after a five @-@ year absence with her new husband , Dave ( Neal McDonough ) . While Susan ( Teri Hatcher ) hesitates to make a romantic commitment to Jackson ( Gale Harold ) , Lynette ( Felicity Huffman ) struggles with her defiant teenage childre...
f1a7f1ff1a8bb53e656136682925301f
9,938
" You 're Gonna Love Tomorrow " received mostly positive reviews from television critics , most of whom agreed that the time jump refreshed the show . According to Nielsen ratings , the episode drew over 18 million viewers , making it the most @-@ watched show of the night and the second most @-@ watched program of th...
203a62cdf3846b2f9e02fbbdf31c4229
9,939
= = Plot = =
7a5625aae35b14ae7adf319ca468714f
9,941
= = = Background = = =
ea9ac47e32ffc41a1781ee037f9f0838
9,944
Desperate Housewives focuses on the lives of several residents living on Wisteria Lane . In recent episodes , Susan ( Teri Hatcher ) and Mike Delfino ( James Denton ) celebrate the birth of their son . Bree Hodge ( Marcia Cross ) chooses to raise her grandson while her daughter , Danielle ( Joy Lauren ) , attends coll...
1ce967f092233ca72ab555eed0dcf765
9,946
= = = Episode = = =
bf515af43c0db61e82173ad42472acdd
9,948
" You 're Gonna Love Tomorrow " takes place five years after the aforementioned events . Important plot information that takes place during the time jump is revealed in flashbacks . Orson has completed his prison sentence and the success of Bree 's catering company has provided her the opportunity to write her own coo...
7215f4a5489ee718da759b6fea75a7d4
9,950
During the time jump , Susan and Mike were involved in a car crash that killed a mother and her child . As a result , the couple divorced and now share custody of their son , M.J. ( Mason Vale Cotton ) . Susan engages in a sexual relationship with her house painter , Jackson Braddock ( Gale Harold ) , but keeps their ...
b94cb956032a86508d572d99bf455be4
9,951
After five years of absence , Edie returns to Wisteria Lane with her mysterious husband , Dave ( Neal McDonough ) , who seems to have a calming effect on his ill @-@ tempered wife . Later , Dave receives a phone call from Dr. Samuel Heller ( Stephen Spinella ) , who reminds him that monthly check @-@ ins are a conditi...
22d1e7d409f67f406272a57ef078c231
9,952
= = Production = =
faaebcbbaf42e685bce2a1bbbaaad33b
9,954
" You 're Gonna Love Tomorrow " was written by series creator and executive producer Marc Cherry and directed by Larry Shaw . Filming for the episode was scheduled to begin on July 7 , 2008 . The episode is the first to fully employ the five @-@ year jump , which was introduced in the final two minutes of the fourth s...
07fbecf19bd5f712860a9a7b01a5b30b
9,956
The writers ensured that although they were changing the storyline circumstances , the characters remained the same with minimal changes to their personalities . According to series writer Matt Berry , the time jump allowed the writers to work with the characters " without most of the baggage they ’ d accumulated in t...
11fc3c62693b02b079aac85f8628db24
9,957
Several casting changes were made as a result of the five @-@ year jump . Neal McDonough 's involvement was announced in July 2008 . McDonough did not audition for the role of Dave Williams , but was offered it after meeting with Cherry . Gale Harold continued appearing as Jackson , Susan 's new love interest , after ...
8cbb4ca1b1c1f3758ee1d3017c184b04
9,958
Andrea Bowen , who starred as Susan 's daughter , Julie , departed from the cast , as her character left for college at the end of the fourth season . Teri Hatcher expressed disappointment in the producers ' decision , but Cherry stated that Bowen would return in the future . Joy Lauren , who portrayed Bree 's daughte...
cb6140ee3141e9a259a1a9fd870d1979
9,959
The Wisteria Lane set , which is located on the Colonial Street backlot set at Universal Studios , underwent changes for the time jump . Production designer P. Erik Carlson explained , " [ former production designer Thomas A. Walsh ] had already created a fairly Utopian world , and we wanted to exaggerate and enhance ...
1b1228c51eb44285515d92361b7b2717
9,960
= = Reception = =
f8d79e3fcb54590ed5efe8209a7826d9
9,962
= = = Ratings = = =
d6d54ad1f9d8a6873fe82ec3cd4a669d
9,965
According to Nielsen ratings , " You 're Gonna Love Tomorrow " was watched by 18 @.@ 684 million viewers and held an 11 @.@ 4 rating / 17 share on its original American broadcast on September 28 , 2008 . The episode was watched in 13 @.@ 105 million total households . It was number one in its timeslot , beating Sunday...
dc0fb9bff95202e66c3ba8f6d88e6b97
9,967