text stringlengths 4 7.07k | text_hash stringlengths 32 32 | __index_level_0__ int64 1 1.81M |
|---|---|---|
Biographer John Watson notes that Innis 's work was profoundly political while McLuhan 's was not . He writes that " the mechanization of knowledge , not the relative sensual bias of media , is the key to Innis 's work . This also underlies the politicization of Innis 's position vis @-@ a @-@ vis that of McLuhan . " ... | 99862181debea1642df39c60a8639949 | 10,120 |
As scholars and teachers , Innis and McLuhan shared a similar dilemma since both argued that book culture tended to produce fixed points of view and homogeneity of thought ; yet both produced many books . In his introduction to the 1964 reprint of The Bias of Communication , McLuhan marvelled at Innis 's technique of ... | e3f282d80e4723f808e7560e02c1ae8f | 10,121 |
Innis 's theories of political economy , media and society remain highly relevant : he had a profound influence on critical media theory and communications and , in conjunction with McLuhan , offered groundbreaking Canadian perspectives on the function of communication technologies as key agents in social and historic... | 6d40f9a514042229e9c41c42f06b8ff5 | 10,122 |
= Hurricane Lorenzo ( 2007 ) =
| b4e0930bb605d922d1b0e09bedad3e46 | 10,125 |
Hurricane Lorenzo was a rapidly developing tropical cyclone that struck the Mexican state of Veracruz in late September 2007 . The twelfth named storm and fifth hurricane of the 2007 Atlantic hurricane season , it formed in the southwestern Gulf of Mexico from a tropical wave . After meandering for two days without de... | 11d00b62a65bfbe0c1453f0c05f02d06 | 10,127 |
The most significantly affected area was Veracruz , where damage reached over $ 1 billion pesos ( $ 92 million 2007 USD ) . Most of it came from road damage in the state 's northern portion , although there were also hundreds of damaged houses . Between Veracruz and neighboring Hidalgo , there were 123 @,@ 320 people ... | a58b2472f04eec37fa17e005106bcdc2 | 10,128 |
= = Meteorological history = =
| fe82527ae426423900c55a793eed715f | 10,130 |
The origins of Hurricane Lorenzo were from a tropical wave that exited the coast of Africa on September 11 . After moving across the tropical Atlantic Ocean , it traversed much of the Caribbean Sea before developing an area of thunderstorms on September 21 . The system developed a low pressure area on September 23 aft... | 7d7b1aff85ebd5bf488f8b41c7af4557 | 10,132 |
Upon developing , the depression was located in an area of weak steering currents , resulting in an erratic movement generally to the south . In its formative stages , the depression executed a small loop . As it did so , it moved into an area of very warm waters and decreasing wind shear . The depression 's convectio... | 4b541fe3e04d2e540458ee7817b26392 | 10,133 |
Hurricane Lorenzo quickly developed a closed eyewall , which was observed on radar and provided a peak intensity estimate of 80 mph ( 130 km / h ) at 0000 UTC on September 28 . The cyclone maintained vigorous and symmetric convection across the center , although the structure deteriorated slightly before Lorenzo cross... | 46dd330d9d6f14599f7a90c8b8adabf1 | 10,134 |
= = Preparations and impact = =
| ba91aa14c8be2dd24cea83e65d7dc741 | 10,136 |
About 26 hours before landfall , the Mexican government issued a tropical storm watch from Palma Sola to La Cruz in Veracruz . About 14 hours before landfall , a tropical storm warning was put into place from Palma Sola to Cabo Rojo , which in turn was upgraded to a hurricane warning six hours later . Mexico 's Civili... | 879e0c9337650c1e4f04043dea2d5a97 | 10,138 |
Hurricane Lorenzo made landfall in Veracruz , the same region of east @-@ central Mexico as Hurricane Dean did one month prior . The hurricane primarily affected small fishing villages along the coast , where strong winds knocked down power lines , leaving about 85 @,@ 000 people without electricity . To prevent the d... | c841d33bcc4d808258b5d5a43f686c7c | 10,139 |
Overall , the hurricane affected 123 @,@ 320 people across Veracruz and Hidalgo , prompting the declaration of a state of emergency in 112 municipalities . The declaration allowed the usage of emergency resources for the affected people . There were a total of six deaths in the country , five of which in Puebla . By a... | c1f8baf87ca3057a352e2840d32ea3bd | 10,140 |
= Cadmium =
| 4a3f895552e21e074e0e8fd8fb850e21 | 10,143 |
Cadmium is a chemical element with symbol Cd and atomic number 48 . This soft , bluish @-@ white metal is chemically similar to the two other stable metals in group 12 , zinc and mercury . Like zinc , it demonstrates oxidation state + 2 in most of its compounds , and like mercury , it has a lower melting point than ot... | dfea076d914aa7a26f71b727bd28ba7e | 10,145 |
Cadmium occurs as a minor component in most zinc ores and is a byproduct of zinc production . Cadmium was used for a long time as a corrosion @-@ resistant plating on steel , and cadmium compounds are used as red , orange and yellow pigments , to colour glass , and to stabilize plastic . Cadmium use is generally decre... | 43ab88eb69a74a0446f053c84e792f4e | 10,146 |
Although cadmium has no known biological function in higher organisms , a cadmium @-@ dependent carbonic anhydrase has been found in marine diatoms .
| 23008ca634d2b3b4e33b3aa3e3fac09e | 10,147 |
= = Characteristics = =
| 7578e00b1806474d133aedda48bbb013 | 10,149 |
= = = Physical properties = = =
| 23e653433004cd470ef2a4e157681942 | 10,152 |
Cadmium is a soft , malleable , ductile , bluish @-@ white divalent metal . It is similar in many respects to zinc but forms complex compounds . Unlike most other metals , cadmium is resistant to corrosion and is used as a protective plate on other metals . As a bulk metal , cadmium is insoluble in water and is not fl... | f957aea305fb332b9a47d97cbb5f943a | 10,154 |
= = = Chemical properties = = =
| c44ec3086ae39997266356d9f07ac5d3 | 10,156 |
Although cadmium usually has an oxidation state of + 2 , it also exists in the + 1 state . Cadmium and its congeners are not always considered transition metals , in that they do not have partly filled d or f electron shells in the elemental or common oxidation states . Cadmium burns in air to form brown amorphous cad... | 6b208bc9dad0a7701403f78affd417da | 10,158 |
Cd + CdCl2 + 2 AlCl3 → Cd2 ( AlCl4 ) 2
| 2bd22f622c4318af2daf8a6d87b65426 | 10,159 |
The structures of many cadmium complexes with nucleobases , amino acids , and vitamins have been determined .
| 30e951b8babc791823dc58f72d30f2d2 | 10,160 |
= = = Isotopes = = =
| 57e7ae3993fa945e52e1f6c2691c28a4 | 10,162 |
Naturally occurring cadmium is composed of 8 isotopes . Two of them are radioactive , and three are expected to decay but have not done so under laboratory conditions . The two natural radioactive isotopes are 113Cd ( beta decay , half @-@ life is 7 @.@ 7 × 1015 years ) and 116Cd ( two @-@ neutrino double beta decay ,... | a3ce6f1d29b4006d6e71822b140fbe7b | 10,164 |
= 14 @.@ 1 years ) , 115mCd ( t1 / 2 =
| 9504b5b484195e0fd66e7b968be600ad | 10,165 |
44 @.@ 6 days ) , and 117mCd ( t1 / 2 = 3 @.@ 36 hours ) .
| 2ce367a6656726c4289adc2f5d013a63 | 10,166 |
The known isotopes of cadmium range in atomic mass from 94 @.@ 950 u ( 95Cd ) to 131 @.@ 946 u ( 132Cd ) . For isotopes lighter than 112 u , the primary decay mode is electron capture and the dominant decay product is element 47 ( silver ) . Heavier isotopes decay mostly through beta emission producing element 49 ( in... | b2303658c9c95dca7753856e6bc66a79 | 10,167 |
One isotope of cadmium , 113Cd , absorbs neutrons with high selectivity : With very high probability , neutrons with energy below the cadmium cut @-@ off will be absorbed ; those higher than the cut @-@ off will be transmitted . The cadmium cut @-@ off is about 0 @.@ 5 eV , and neutrons below that level are deemed slo... | 3c30a0c65c4e71b24232873e588d6a6e | 10,168 |
Cadmium is created via the long s @-@ process in low @-@ medium mass stars with masses of 0 @.@ 6 to 10 solar masses , taking thousands of years . In that process , a silver atom captures a neutron and then undergoes beta decay .
| 9760f7ca3ad07a92bb289f5212a49ed2 | 10,169 |
= = History = =
| fd3fc667e330e6e3944a4f085f9ef39d | 10,171 |
Cadmium ( Latin cadmia , Greek καδμεία meaning " calamine " , a cadmium @-@ bearing mixture of minerals that was named after the Greek mythological character Κάδμος , Cadmus , the founder of Thebes ) was discovered simultaneously in 1817 by Friedrich Stromeyer and Karl Samuel Leberecht Hermann , both in Germany , as a... | d2973ef748f5ff9ecc1deb2df3774a93 | 10,173 |
Even though cadmium and its compounds are toxic in certain forms and concentrations , the British Pharmaceutical Codex from 1907 states that cadmium iodide was used as a medication to treat " enlarged joints , scrofulous glands , and chilblains " .
| fa63a78d38da282059a655fc95f27e87 | 10,174 |
In 1907 , the International Astronomical Union defined the international ångström in terms of a red cadmium spectral line ( 1 wavelength = 6438 @.@ 46963 Å ) . This was adopted by the 7th General Conference on Weights and Measures in 1927 . In 1960 , the definitions of both the metre and ångström were changed to use k... | ba9738a75be92c666bd997195b7a967c | 10,175 |
After the industrial scale production of cadmium started in the 1930s and 1940s , the major application of cadmium was the coating of iron and steel to prevent corrosion ; in 1944 , 62 % and in 1956 , 59 % of the cadmium in the United States was used for plating . In 1956 , 24 % of the cadmium in the United States was... | 5dc189c45f358a45baa9e3bb5e0822fc | 10,176 |
The stabilizing effect of cadmium chemicals like the carboxylates cadmium laurate and cadmium stearate on PVC led to an increased use of those compounds in the 1970s and 1980s . The demand for cadmium in pigments , coatings , stabilizers , and alloys declined as a result of environmental and health regulations in the ... | ebdcd30151fa357229547f47486edb0a | 10,177 |
= = Occurrence = =
| 0fa48be857417713759809be032f4fa5 | 10,179 |
Cadmium makes up about 0 @.@ 1 mg kg − 1 ( ppm ) of Earth 's crust . Typical background concentrations in other environmental media are : atmosphere < 5 ng m − 3 ; soil < 2 mg kg − 1 ; vegetation < 0 @.@ 5 mg kg − 1 ; freshwater < 1 ug L − 1 ; seawater < 50 ng L − 1 ; sediment < 2 mg kg − 1 . Compared with the more ab... | e112b919f0a082470b4b252cf340d186 | 10,181 |
Metallic cadmium can be found is the Vilyuy River basin in Siberia .
| 400af16ef0afef4d7c6e30091bdc3b48 | 10,182 |
Rocks mined for phosphate fertilizers contain varying amounts of cadmium , resulting in a cadmium concentration of as much as 300 mg / kg in the fertilizers and a high cadmium content in agricultural soils . Coal can contain significant amounts of cadmium , which ends up mostly in flue dust .
| 4f6b434e225a2dbb860d5402d3197ab5 | 10,183 |
= = Production = =
| faaebcbbaf42e685bce2a1bbbaaad33b | 10,185 |
The British Geological Survey reports that in 2001 , China was the top producer of cadmium with almost one @-@ sixth of the world 's production , closely followed by South Korea and Japan .
| f909dba9b0f6b6d797974f0d0e9684ad | 10,187 |
Cadmium is a common impurity in zinc ores , and it is most often isolated during the production of zinc . Some zinc ores concentrates from sulfidic zinc ores contain up to 1 @.@ 4 % of cadmium . In the 1970s , the output of cadmium was 6 @.@ 5 pounds per ton of zinc . Zinc sulfide ores are roasted in the presence of o... | 67acaa262a96f54501852338556c2416 | 10,188 |
= = Applications = =
| c0e0bedbcbecea5c5cafcbcb5ba54d8a | 10,190 |
Cadmium is a common component of electric batteries , pigments , coatings , and electroplating .
| a19bcc71e3227bb2d77f793cb9e55702 | 10,192 |
= = = Batteries = = =
| a421bf1a7771c3df07d47256e857ca4c | 10,194 |
In 2009 , 86 % of cadmium was used in batteries , predominantly in rechargeable nickel @-@ cadmium batteries . Nickel @-@ cadmium cells have a nominal cell potential of 1 @.@ 2 V. The cell consists of a positive nickel hydroxide electrode and a negative cadmium electrode plate separated by an alkaline electrolyte ( po... | 20c239c82d495eecb722f874e0e22f91 | 10,196 |
= = = Electroplating = = =
| 1587db651576face34737a39bd43a733 | 10,198 |
Cadmium electroplating , consuming 6 % of the global production , is used in the aircraft industry reduce corrosion of steel components . This coating is passivated by chromate salts . A limitation of cadmium plating is hydrogen embrittlement of high @-@ strength steels from the electroplating process . Therefore , st... | 024f90558810f71aacda898cbe493296 | 10,200 |
Titanium embrittlement from cadmium @-@ plated tool residues resulted in banishment of those tools ( and the implementation of routine tool testing to detect cadmium contamination ) in the A @-@ 12 / SR @-@ 71 , U @-@ 2 , and subsequent aircraft programs that use titanium .
| 36de57ed492fd5e7eb4d339816427f46 | 10,201 |
= = = Nuclear fission = = =
| 1f3fa11554adaccc414952b0fc2b17b2 | 10,203 |
Cadmium is used in the control rods of nuclear reactors , acting as a very effective " neutron poison " to control neutron flux in nuclear fission . When cadmium rods are inserted in the core of a nuclear reactor , cadmium absorbs neutrons preventing them from creating additional fission events , thus controlling the ... | c185840d54267b761e8197414523de41 | 10,205 |
= = = Compounds = = =
| 6a59eb53e7a8e4284858cadf25e3b6ce | 10,207 |
Cadmium oxide was used in black and white television phosphors and in the blue and green phosphors of color television cathode ray tubes . Cadmium sulfide ( CdS ) is used as a photoconductive surface coating for photocopier drums .
| 5f13f22c5c453689d0f8af95ccd18e97 | 10,209 |
Various cadmium salts are used in paint pigments , with CdS as a yellow pigment being the most common . Cadmium selenide is a red pigment , commonly called cadmium red . To painters who work with the pigment , cadmium provides the most brilliant and durable yellows , oranges , and reds — so much so that during product... | c7bbbcef87ec8120f5fe3a5009c9cf2d | 10,210 |
In PVC , cadmium was used as heat , light , and weathering stabilizers . Currently , cadmium stabilizers have been completely replaced with barium @-@ zinc , calcium @-@ zinc and organo @-@ tin stabilizers . Cadmium is used in many kinds of solder and bearing alloys , because a low coefficient of friction and fatigue ... | a1ee479b718e18580d0f2d78d5526955 | 10,211 |
= = = Laboratory uses = = =
| 51acbb0df7ded192fbdaae03ff691e7c | 10,213 |
Helium – cadmium lasers are a common source of blue @-@ ultraviolet laser light . They operate at either 325 or 422 nm in fluorescence microscopes and various laboratory experiments . Cadmium selenide quantum dots emit bright luminescence under UV excitation ( He @-@ Cd laser , for example ) . The color of this lumine... | 6fd7d47d77c52bf22a52ed4f2e9fe483 | 10,215 |
Cadmium is a component of some compound semiconductors , such as cadmium sulfide , cadmium selenide , and cadmium telluride , used for light detection and solar cells . HgCdTe is sensitive to infrared light and can be used as an infrared detector , motion detector , or switch in remote control devices .
| fe7677ab965d97a6c225417a87222c8e | 10,216 |
In molecular biology , cadmium is used to block voltage @-@ dependent calcium channels from fluxing calcium ions , as well as in hypoxia research to stimulate proteasome @-@ dependent degradation of Hif @-@ 1α .
| ffd5bff93d7a0baea1269c37050b5faa | 10,217 |
= = = Cadmium @-@ selective sensors = = =
| 55cb7304b71920f2df41d9de8006b54d | 10,219 |
Cadmium @-@ selective sensors based on the fluorophore BODIPY have been developed for imaging and sensing of cadmium in cells .
| 53141b1ac77c535cd0ec819b2ea81ef1 | 10,221 |
= = Biological role = =
| 7a18695e864c879cde0e75a427b4a2d5 | 10,223 |
Cadmium has no known function in higher organisms , but a cadmium @-@ dependent carbonic anhydrase has been found in some marine diatoms . The diatoms live in environments with very low zinc concentrations and cadmium performs the function normally carried out by zinc in other anhydrases . This was discovered with X @... | 529ce194d41ebb3ccad24e2b4b1c4983 | 10,225 |
The highest concentration of cadmium is absorbed in the kidneys of humans , and up to about 30 mg of cadmium is commonly inhaled throughout human childhood and adolescence .
| a15dda76ce12cdf2d32ea0babfc45709 | 10,226 |
Cadmium can be used to block calcium channels in chicken neurons . Analytical methods for the determination of cadmium in biological samples have been reviewed .
| 0389e925cf11af2f2973eec64849d904 | 10,227 |
= = Environment = =
| 8bf0495c2f30bc2036f9fc165e0cfe88 | 10,229 |
The biogeochemistry of cadmium and its release to the environment has been the subject of review , as has the speciation of cadmium in the environment .
| 6646272e79e6acd3cb5126179dcbc6d5 | 10,231 |
Environmental concentrations can exceed adverse @-@ effect @-@ thresholds in cadmium @-@ polluted ecosystems ( e.g. in some parts of Europe ) and pollutant cadmium can accumulate in invertebrates , earthworms , seabirds , marine mammals , plants , and some algal species ; effects in animals include kidney disorders , ... | 57d2dc4c85f7c45e5bc581f6032f9585 | 10,232 |
= = Safety = =
| ddf61d58fac09fb28e15762be8360e99 | 10,234 |
The bioinorganic aspects of cadmium toxicity have been reviewed .
| 2f023ad224ce4db6c099ca29e4021533 | 10,236 |
The most dangerous form of occupational exposure to cadmium is inhalation of fine dust and fumes , or ingestion of highly soluble cadmium compounds . Inhalation of cadmium fumes can result initially in metal fume fever but may progress to chemical pneumonitis , pulmonary edema , and death .
| 521bf79b141a1d3a9436e8f45dee3b48 | 10,237 |
Cadmium is also an environmental hazard . Human exposure is primarily from fossil fuel combustion , phosphate fertilizers , natural sources , iron and steel production , cement production and related activities , nonferrous metals production , and municipal solid waste incineration . Bread , root crops , and vegetable... | b250d8cfddb3c008306232335e9144de | 10,238 |
There have been a few instances of general population poisoning as the result of long @-@ term exposure to cadmium in contaminated food and water , and research into an estrogen mimicry that may induce breast cancer is ongoing . In the decades leading up to World War II , mining operations contaminated the Jinzū River... | 911ada36db641c084bd621805e18b06c | 10,239 |
The victims of this poisoning were almost exclusively post @-@ menopausal women with low iron and other mineral body stores . Similar general population cadmium exposures in other parts of the world have not resulted in the same health problems because the populations maintained sufficient iron and other mineral level... | 73f884cc988fef6b1c546c978f22e00b | 10,240 |
Cadmium exposure is a risk factor associated with a large number of illnesses including kidney disease , early atherosclerosis , hypertension , and cardiovascular diseases . Although studies show a significant correlation between cadmium exposure and occurrence of disease in human populations , a necessary molecular m... | 53cdd0e74526c4a24129e79356a0d52e | 10,241 |
Tobacco smoking is the most important single source of cadmium exposure in the general population . An estimated 10 % of the cadmium content of a cigarette is inhaled through smoking . Absorption of cadmium through the lungs is more effective than through the gut , and as much as 50 % of the cadmium inhaled in cigaret... | b20c5f2d11f7e8631b50eec8ae04f3b4 | 10,242 |
In a non @-@ smoking population , food is the greatest source of exposure . High quantities of cadmium can be found in crustaceans , mollusks , offal , and algae products . However , grains , vegetables , and starchy roots and tubers are consumed in much greater quantity in the US , and are the source of the greatest ... | 6dfd91866b64825c9771eeb0cd1f582f | 10,243 |
Zinc , Cu , Ca , and Fe ions , and selenium with vitamin C are used to treat Cd intoxication , though it is not easily reversed .
| 8f0b9df4249d8736d34a57d61ec79eab | 10,244 |
= = = Regulations = = =
| 2c4a8cf90752900fea20e0a773edcb44 | 10,246 |
Because of the adverse effects of cadmium on the environment and human health , the supply and use of cadmium is restricted in Europe under the REACH Regulation .
| ac907b87eb3cb1a2c949893ec2c97aab | 10,248 |
The EFSA Panel on Contaminants in the Food Chain specifies that 2 @.@ 5 μg / kg body weight is a tolerable weekly intake for humans . The Joint FAO / WHO Expert Committee on Food Additives has declared 7 μg / kg bw to be the provisional tolerable weekly intake level .
| 31ed4cc7ac9d8e5d34fae3965c24b6b4 | 10,249 |
The US Occupational Safety and Health Administration ( OSHA ) has set the permissible exposure limit ( PEL ) for cadmium at a time @-@ weighted average ( TWA ) of 0 @.@ 005 ppm . The National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health ( NIOSH ) has not set a recommended exposure limit ( REL ) and has designated cadm... | 5ef0ef709ef8176e7bdb16182834c63f | 10,250 |
= = = Product recalls = = =
| 40eeee4d7daa6f312f6de3c3874535b8 | 10,252 |
In May 2006 , a sale of the seats from Arsenal F.C. ' s old stadium , Highbury in London , England was cancelled when the seats were discovered to contain trace amounts of cadmium . Reports of high levels of cadmium use in children 's jewelry in 2010 led to a US Consumer Product Safety Commission investigation . The U... | 4c5552d06a87e50f25eaf64a2064f7b1 | 10,254 |
In June 2010 , McDonald 's voluntarily recalled more than 12 million promotional " Shrek Forever After 3D " Collectable Drinking Glasses because of the cadmium levels in paint pigments on the glassware . The glasses were manufactured by Arc International , of Millville , NJ , USA .
| 255093349ab61419440ed4a9fd03a2ce | 10,255 |
= First Battle of Maryang San =
| 7160b451c6cf38320a2b9aeeb3a35c5a | 10,258 |
The First Battle of Maryang San ( 3 – 8 October 1951 ) , also known as the Defensive Battle of Maliangshan ( Chinese : 马良山防御战 ; pinyin : Mǎliáng Shān Fángyù Zhàn ) , was fought during the Korean War between United Nations ( UN ) forces — primarily Australian and British — and the Chinese communist People 's Volunteer ... | b187b89c78a8b7c008fb9a1700fc4338 | 10,260 |
Using tactics first developed against the Japanese in New Guinea during the Second World War , the Australians gained the advantage of the high ground and assaulted the Chinese positions from unexpected directions . They then repelled repeated Chinese counterattacks aimed at re @-@ capturing Maryang San , with both si... | facda8a4acdc1c8302042df8e87b7a7e | 10,261 |
= = Background = =
| d514b18e9690308b2ac67a227be74a70 | 10,263 |
= = = Military situation = = =
| 6ba0cabdd526c3bb638481c267c77b7f | 10,266 |
Following General of the Army Douglas MacArthur 's dismissal as Commander @-@ in @-@ Chief of UN forces in Korea , he was replaced by General Matthew B. Ridgway . Consequently , on 14 April 1951 , General James Van Fleet replaced Ridgway as commander of the US Eighth Army and the United Nations forces in Korea . The C... | cb5f0353fe875265dd749e7cf61e1baa | 10,268 |
Meanwhile , the organisation of British Commonwealth ground forces fighting in Korea as part of the United Nations Command had undergone considerable change in the months following the battles of the Imjin River and Kapyong in late @-@ April 1951 . 3 RAR had been transferred from 27th British Infantry Brigade to the 2... | 02f5b0d4c8a0dcff4e751902389485d7 | 10,269 |
The 1st Commonwealth Division was formed on 28 July 1951 , with the division including the 25th Canadian , 28th British Commonwealth and 29th British infantry brigades under the command of Major General James Cassels , and was part of US I Corps . Since its formation , the division had occupied part of the west @-@ ce... | b4fc062de939f8d9f286271cf3b156a3 | 10,270 |
= = Prelude = =
| 9ade3725ce67a15eed3630a786f5f5e7 | 10,272 |
= = = Opposing forces = = =
| 1e48b22d2d7406bf6522a96bd131dc32 | 10,275 |
In late @-@ September and early @-@ October — even while continuing the attack against Heartbreak Ridge — Van Fleet developed a plan for a limited offensive in the western section , known as Operation Commando , to advance 10 kilometres ( 6 @.@ 2 mi ) north of the 38th parallel , with the aim of pushing Chinese forces... | 50df83ef6fb35d2ec7608bc94811c71b | 10,277 |
In the sector occupied by 1st Commonwealth Division , Chinese communist forces were dug into a group of hills overlooking the Imjin River . The division faced 6 @,@ 000 troops from the Chinese 191st Division , 64th Army under the overall command of Xie Zhengrong . The Chinese forces were divided into three regiments o... | a37dff6acd280d25f7e7607b686491f2 | 10,278 |
Subsets and Splits
No community queries yet
The top public SQL queries from the community will appear here once available.