text stringlengths 4 7.07k | text_hash stringlengths 32 32 | __index_level_0__ int64 1 1.81M |
|---|---|---|
= = Audiobook adaption = =
| 3b3df223c0f6067349eb2a25e66cd520 | 15,036 |
First Light has been made in an audiobook containing six disks and a length of seven hours and six minutes . The audiobook was released by the Listening Library and read by David Ackroyd and Coleen Marlo for the parts of Peter and Thea , respectively . Kathy Miller from School Library Journal praised the two readers f... | 133944bd443eccf319d4ee8ff872ce9b | 15,038 |
= Mexico City Metropolitan Cathedral =
| c808b8b97aa58b0018f6da7d098b94eb | 15,041 |
The Metropolitan Cathedral of the Assumption of the Most Blessed Virgin Mary into Heaven ( Spanish : Catedral Metropolitana de la Asunción de la Santísima Virgen María a los cielos ) is the largest cathedral in the Americas , and seat of the Roman Catholic Archdiocese of Mexico . It is situated atop the former Aztec s... | 23807f805fa9e3f5b35f8a76fad72a21 | 15,043 |
The cathedral has four façades which contain portals flanked with columns and statues . The two bell towers contain a total of 25 bells . The tabernacle , adjacent to the cathedral , contains the baptistery and serves to register the parishioners . There are two large , ornate altars , a sacristy , and a choir in the ... | 43435b1e98ed4caeb33d80602f5944af | 15,044 |
Over the centuries , the cathedral has suffered damage . A fire in 1967 destroyed a significant part of the cathedral 's interior . The restoration work that followed uncovered a number of important documents and artwork that had previously been hidden . Although a solid foundation was built for the cathedral , the so... | 149d848585622153d8b6a4241f636caa | 15,045 |
After the Spanish conquest of the Aztec Empire , the conquistadors decided to build their church on the site of the Templo Mayor of the Aztec city of Tenochtitlan to consolidate Spanish power over the newly conquered domain . Hernán Cortés and the other conquistadors used the stones from the destroyed temple of the Az... | b2acd98f782b36fb5994420bada45495 | 15,046 |
In 1544 , ecclesiastical authorities in Valladolid ordered the creation of new and more sumptuous cathedral . In 1552 , an agreement was reached whereby the cost of the new cathedral would be shared by the Spanish crown , encomenderos and the Indians under the direct authority of the archbishop of New Spain . The cath... | 64b9a7f6e2d1e42eecc9fea5780f8032 | 15,047 |
= = Construction = =
| 659963170efbc5c6620e92288bf9f6d8 | 15,049 |
The cathedral was constructed over a period of over two centuries , between 1573 and 1813 . Its design is a mixture of three architectural styles that predominated during the colonial period , Renaissance , Baroque and Neo @-@ classic .
| 4a35bd992f1ae82d1b875c506f2d38a1 | 15,051 |
Initial plans for the new cathedral were drawn up and work on the foundation began in 1562 . The decision to have the cathedral face south instead of east was made in 1570 . In the same year , construction commenced , working from the Gothic designs and models created by Claudio de Arciniega and Juan Miguel de Agüero ... | c65f2bc02d920be0fd3be745ee5a8038 | 15,052 |
Because of the muddy subsoil of the site , work on the foundation continued past the work on the walls to 1581 . In 1585 , work on the first of the cathedral 's chapels began and by 1615 , the cathedral 's walls reached to about half of their final height . Construction of the interior of the current cathedral began i... | 2924794730375095859c6f7817af6e04 | 15,053 |
In 1629 , work was interrupted by flooding , over two metres in depth . Parts of the city were damaged , especially around the main plaza or Zocalo . Because of such damage , this site was almost abandoned and a new cathedral project was begun in the hills of the Tacubaya area to the west .
| aa3fc7857d176d16c88621d223776407 | 15,054 |
Despite these problems , the project continued in its current location , and under the direction of Luis Gómez de Transmonte , the interior was finished and consecrated in 1667 . The cathedral still lacked bell towers , the complete front facade , and many of the other features it has now at the beginning of the 18th ... | 7c941f25d4e784a41283d69b644c8d40 | 15,055 |
In 1787 , José Damian Ortiz de Castro was in charge of finishing work on the cathedral . He did most of the work on the bell towers , putting in most of the fretwork and capping them with roofs in the shape of bells . With his death in 1793 , he did not live to see the cathedral completed , and Manuel Tolsá finished t... | 8b60084ec4cd40ca1c2c16042f839854 | 15,056 |
The cathedral faces south and is approximately 54 @.@ 5 metres ( 179 ft ) wide and 110 metres ( 360 ft ) long . It consists of two bell towers , a central dome , three main portals , five naves , 51 vaults , 74 arches and 40 columns . Inside the cathedral are five large altars , sixteen chapels , a choir area , a corr... | 563f22a83f6e06b80b12a01c84cd7283 | 15,057 |
= = Exterior = =
| f8948dc236bac53da95f76f7104ff6b7 | 15,059 |
= = = Facades and portals = = =
| a6538b77ceee82047382d04d42ffd431 | 15,062 |
The main facade of the cathedral faces south . The main portal is centered in the main facade and is the highest of the cathedral 's three portals . Statues of Saint Peter and Paul the Apostle stand between the columns of the portal , while Saint Andrew and James the Just are depicted on the secondary doorway . In the... | fedc1607e04e351f605aa569d438aa86 | 15,064 |
The west facade was constructed in 1688 and rebuilt in 1804 . It has a three @-@ section portal with images of the Four Evangelists . The west portal has high reliefs depicting Jesus handing the Keys of Heaven to Saint Peter .
| bac11bf7bf632019f86b9be6ce08b204 | 15,065 |
The east facade is similar to the west facade . The reliefs on the east portal show a ship carrying the four apostles , with Saint Peter at the helm . The title of this relief is The ship of the Church sailing the seas of Eternity .
| 3eb5ad908d22a9d35b9d65153f38daa2 | 15,066 |
The northern facade , built during the 16th century in the Renaissance Herrera style , is oldest part of the cathedral and was named after Juan de Herrera , architect of the El Escorial monastery in Spain . While the eastern and western facades are older than most of the rest of the building , their third level has So... | 7cba2ff48bc06528d0c9d0c0d1ba1464 | 15,067 |
All the high reliefs of the portals of the cathedral were inspired by the work of Flemish painter Peter Paul Rubens .
| 8308c5c85b4ff2171534210c361298c7 | 15,068 |
= = = Bell towers = = =
| 3f66197070bb7b6040f5bb53b2d960d5 | 15,070 |
The bell towers are the work of Xalapan artist José Damián Ortiz de Castro . They are capped with bell @-@ shaped roofs made of tezontle covered in chiluca , a white stone . Ortiz de Castro was in charge of the cathedral 's construction in the latter half of the 18th century until he died , unexpectedly . Manuel Tolsá... | 271c5c0b3071a3b57e3d54658498704a | 15,072 |
The cathedral has 25 bells — eighteen hang in the east bell tower and seven in the west tower . The largest bell is named the Santa Maria de Guadalupe and weighs around 13 @,@ 000 kilograms ( 29 @,@ 000 lb ) . Other major bells are named the Doña Maria , which weighs 6 @,@ 900 kilograms ( 15 @,@ 200 lb ) , and La Ronc... | e2b56c09e3039d747242875bec4d680f | 15,073 |
The statues in the west tower are the work of José Zacarías Cora and represent Pope Gregory VII , Saint Augustine , Leander of Seville , St. Fulgentius of Écija , St.Francis Xavier , and Saint Barbara . The statues in the east tower are by Santiago Cristóbal Sandoval and depict Emilio , Rose of Lima , Mary ( mother of... | e975cd95a811d1a85350da986686c043 | 15,074 |
In 1947 , a novice bell ringer died in an accident when he tried to move one of the bells while standing under it . The bell swung back and hit him in the head , killing him instantly . The bell was then " punished " by removing the clapper . In the following years , the bell was known as la castigada ( " the punished... | af55c731081545eab69533c49764418d | 15,075 |
In October 2007 , a time capsule was found inside the stone ball base of a cross , in the southern bell tower of the cathedral . It was placed in 1742 , supposedly to protect the building from harm . The lead box was filled with religious artifacts , coins and parchments and hidden in a hollow stone ball . The ball wa... | 2d58122fa569785f2f6f5d07bc0c3ac6 | 15,076 |
= = = Tabernacle = = =
| 78aed1e109cad418cb2db1e92f3f3644 | 15,078 |
Situated to the right of the main cathedral , the Metropolitan Tabernacle ( Spanish : Sagrario Metropolitana ) was built by Lorenzo Rodríguez during the height of the Baroque period between 1749 and 1760 , to house the archives and vestments of the archbishop . It also functioned and continues to function as a place t... | 1f6f2106f4e65e0c813fb1914c578628 | 15,080 |
The first church built on the cathedral site also had a tabernacle , but its exact location is unknown . During the construction of the cathedral , the tabernacle was housed in what are now the Chapels of San Isidro and Our Lady of Agony of Granada . However , in the 18th century , it was decided to build a structure ... | 0b79a10fd8d582a96a1c8f6e6022ed6b | 15,081 |
The interiors of each wing have separate uses . In the west wing is the baptistry , in the north is the main altar , the main entrance and a notary area , separated by inside corner walls made of chiluca stone and tezontle . Chiluca , a white stone , covers the walls and floors and the tezontle frames the doors and wi... | ddeb4d80912183d882e7e3a2f08af53a | 15,082 |
The exterior of the Baroque styled tabernacle is almost entirely adorned with decorations , such as curiously shaped niche shelves , floating drapes and many cherubs . Carvings of fruits such as grapes and pomegranates have been created to in the shape of ritual offerings , symbolizing the Blood of Christ and the Chur... | 30f75c8b238c8d664c01fa2aa71265c2 | 15,083 |
The tabernacle has two main outside entrances ; one to the south , facing the Zócalo and the other facing east toward Seminario Street . The southern façade is more richly decorated than the east façade . It has a theme of glorifying the Eucharist with images of the Apostles , Church Fathers , saints who founded relig... | dc3d16392ce12bdb7c51da65cd80e0a4 | 15,084 |
= = Interior = =
| 25391a845c03b435be4f44e8273d1540 | 15,086 |
= = = Altars = = =
| 622d6906be4319b25dcfaa7bf9ebadc0 | 15,089 |
= = = = Altar of Forgiveness = = = =
| c0e013f26288cf6f2e16c92a1a9a126a | 15,092 |
The Altar of Forgiveness is located at the front of the central nave . It is the first aspect of the interior that is seen upon entering the cathedral . It was the work of Spanish architect Jerónimo Balbás , and represents the first use of the estípite column ( an inverted triangle @-@ shaped pilaster ) in the America... | a3c1b916ab573d6a5b4bd906ebe69a42 | 15,094 |
There are two stories about how the name of this altar came about . The first states that those condemned by the Spanish Inquisition were brought to the altar to ask for forgiveness in the next world before their execution . The second relates to painter Simon Pereyns , who despite being the author of many of the work... | 7ac8cada7af327b5043f3f3bfd3a733e | 15,095 |
This altar was damaged by fire in January 1967 but has been completely restored .
| 2905f248d505be73b15f23ac1c171ff4 | 15,096 |
= = = = Altar of the Kings = = = =
| bbfd20639f7ebc0c8bcdce1623e86456 | 15,098 |
The Altar of the Kings was also the work of Jerónimo Balbás , in Mexican Baroque or Churrigueresque style . It was begun in 1718 by Balbás in cedar , and was gilded and finished by Francico Martínez , debuting in 1737 . It is located at the back of the Cathedral , beyond the Altar of Forgiveness and the choir . This a... | 9709480ec1f4f8ed2512ba7bb3f0eafb | 15,100 |
It takes its name from the statues of saintly royalty which form part of its decoration , and is the oldest work in churrigueresque style in Mexico , taking 19 years to complete . At the bottom , from left to right , are six female royal saints : Saint Margaret of Scotland , Helena of Constantinople , Elisabeth of Hun... | badb42c6d3656f106f7ec2794ed3cac7 | 15,101 |
This altar has been under restoration since 2003 .
| fdd1d4e85c1ad9dd6403744328b0293a | 15,102 |
= = = Sacristy = = =
| 303b88770fb6149e53c9ece5dadd2783 | 15,104 |
The Herrera door opens into the sacristy , the oldest part of the cathedral . It is a mixture of Renaissance and Gothic styles .
| b42bc259ebdba3d4d3de1b99abd7f387 | 15,106 |
The walls hold large canvases painted by Cristóbal de Villalpando , such as The Apotheosis of Saint Michael , The Triumph of the Eucharist , The Church Militant and the Church Triumphant , and The Virgin of the Apocalypse . The Virgin of the Apocalypse depicts the vision of John of Patmos . Two other canvases , Enteri... | 203aaacc2572d44a60c9f956e98729b6 | 15,107 |
On the north wall , there is a niche that holds a statue of the crucifix with a Christ image sculpted in ivory . Behind this , is another mural that depicts the Juan Diego 's of Our Lady of Guadalupe . The Sacristy used to house Juan Diego 's cloak , upon which the Virgin 's image purportedly appears , but after massi... | 1273f297f8ca5eac4df2aaa77a111aef | 15,108 |
A cabinet on the west wall of the Sacristy , under the Virgin of the Apocalypse painting , once held golden chalices and cups trimmed with precious stones , as well as other utensils .
| 46bfddf25333c0f09f02dfcdc265c5ea | 15,109 |
In 1957 , The wooden floor and platform around the perimeter of the Sacristy were replaced with stone .
| 4c9bd51468c7a0018e271d2d36390ed4 | 15,110 |
= = = Chapels = = =
| b42ccf8510cd74698553041ede2decaf | 15,112 |
The cathedral 's sixteen chapels were each assigned to a religious guild , and each is dedicated to a saint . Each of the two side naves contain seven chapels . The other two were created later on the eastern and western sides of the cathedral . These last two are not open to the public . The fourteen chapels in the e... | 7954e2015c39b3ac884ba48ebaf1d441 | 15,114 |
= = = = Chapel of Our Lady of the Agonies of Granada = = = =
| 30b60a60bd070f934b4398596122f987 | 15,116 |
The Chapel of Our Lady of the Agonies of Granada ( Spanish : Capilla de Nuestra Señora de las Angustias de Granada ) was built in the first half of the 17th century , and originally served as the sacristy . It is a medieval @-@ style chapel with a ribbed vault and two relatively simple altarpieces . The narrow altarpi... | f3b97a47c0b5915e496881576f4fdb27 | 15,118 |
= = = = Chapel of Saint Isidore = = = =
| b3f0c00a8f4dca836db828a03f07852b | 15,120 |
The Chapel of Saint Isidore ( Spanish : Capilla de San Isidro ) was originally built as an annex between 1624 and 1627 , and was once used as the baptistery . Its vault contains plaster casts representing Faith , Hope , Charity , and Justice , considered to be basic values in the Catholic religion . After the Tabernac... | 68bd1c0cfe29ac17458a58b44796bc20 | 15,122 |
= = = = Chapel of the Immaculate Conception = = = =
| 31b32dfd8ad493c65c3413c7182c4c4d | 15,124 |
The Chapel of the Immaculate Conception ( Spanish : Capilla de la Inmaculada Concepción ) was built between 1642 and 1648 . It has a churrigueresque altarpiece which , due to the lack of columns , most likely dates from the 18th century . The altar is framed with molding — instead of columns — and a painting of the Im... | aba859d61b8dbf00925f7478068ca93f | 15,126 |
= = = = Chapel of Our Lady of Guadalupe = = = =
| 558eee20d8f3c0c3d64b260785d4d653 | 15,128 |
The Chapel of Our Lady of Guadalupe ( Spanish : Capilla de Nuestra Señora de Guadalupe ) was built in 1660 . It was the first baptistery of the cathedral and for a long time was the site for the Brotherhood of the Most Holy Sacrament , which had many powerful benefactors . It is decorated in a 19th century neo @-@ cla... | f389a25bcf5d2a2f26b4cb5d2e4e4de3 | 15,130 |
= = = = Chapel of Our Lady of Antigua = = = =
| 21ee58e7f15d74cf13944225e5281397 | 15,132 |
The Chapel of Our Lady of Antigua ( Spanish : Capilla de Nuestra Señora de La Antigua ) was sponsored and built between 1653 and 1660 by a brotherhood of musicians and organists , which promoted devotion to this Virgin . Its altarpiece contains a painting of the Virgin , a copy of one found in the Cathedral of Seville... | 31153711d51f6441fc02e98213b5cf81 | 15,134 |
= = = = = Chapel of Saint Peter = = = = =
| a52ef1e0a9c683b8a76494e14aa02c68 | 15,136 |
The Chapel of Saint Peter ( Spanish : Capilla de San Pedro ) was built between 1615 and 1620 , and contains three highly decorated Baroque altarpieces from the 17th century . The altar at the back is dedicated to Saint Peter , whose sculpture presides over the altar . It is surrounded by early 17th century paintings r... | e036a67009b8f3684970607bed1f172d | 15,138 |
This chapel is home to the Niño Cautivo ( Captive Child ) a Child Jesus figure that was brought to Mexico from Spain . It was sculpted in the 16th century by Juan Martínez Montañez in Spain and purchased by the cathedral . However , on its way to Veracruz , pirates attacked the ship it was on and sacked it . To get th... | df1559dc10f024daabdec3a2cef0737d | 15,139 |
= = = = Chapel of Christ and of the Reliquaries = = = =
| b9d0271f5f107af20ef0565e601f3fb4 | 15,141 |
The Chapel of Christ and of the Reliquaries ( Spanish : Capilla del Santo Cristo y de las Reliquias ) was built in 1615 and designed with ultra @-@ Baroque details which are often difficult to see in the poorly lit interior . It was originally known as the Christ of the Conquistadors . That name came from an image of ... | 646a254e8d5bc678cb66ca631c4b493b | 15,143 |
= = = = Chapel of the Holy Angels and Archangels = = = =
| 6b019503559bdb88b88027c7187a7992 | 15,145 |
The Chapel of the Holy Angels and Archangels ( Spanish : Capilla de los Ángeles ) was finished in 1665 with Baroque altarpieces decorated with Solomonic columns . It is dedicated to the Archangel Michael , who is depicted as a medieval knight . It contains a large main altarpiece with two smaller altarpieces both deco... | c8e8797129b81bca9745e3897728cd92 | 15,147 |
= = = = Chapel of Saints Cosme and Damian = = = =
| b2a4927be9d8505b94d5112cd782b644 | 15,149 |
The Chapel of Saints Cosme and Damian ( Spanish : Capilla de San Cosme y San Damián ) was built because these two saints were commonly invoked during a time when New Spain suffered from the many diseases brought by the Conquistadors . The main altarpiece is Baroque , probably built in the 17th century . Oil paintings ... | 4df2c2d63728e3b7a37dbd088c7dc824 | 15,151 |
= = = = Chapel of Saint Joseph = = = =
| 08eaecc31543ff53f21244af73143c3a | 15,153 |
The Chapel of Saint Joseph ( Spanish : Capilla de San José ) , built between 1653 and 1660 , contains an image of Our Lord of Cacao , an image of Christ most likely from the 16th century . Its name was inspired from a time when many indigenous worshipers would give their alms in the form of cocoa beans . Churrigueresq... | 16b54b7ef4c013fefdafb70d67a67c7e | 15,155 |
= = = = Chapel of Our Lady of Solitude = = = =
| 6abdaa3630a09f8374729bd140725274 | 15,157 |
The Chapel of Our Lady of Solitude ( Spanish : Capilla de Nuestra Señora de la Soledad ) was originally built in honor of the workers who built the cathedral . It contains three Baroque altarpieces . The main altarpiece is supported by caryatids and small angels as telamons , to uphold the base of the main body . It i... | 4814dcc48cd95a76817f5facc24dd19d | 15,159 |
= = = = Chapel of Saint Eligius = = = =
| 516a722482d3e0691f3bca84bb37f639 | 15,161 |
The Chapel of Saint Eligius ( Spanish : Capilla de San Eligio ) , also known as the Chapel of the Lord of Safe Expeditions ( Spanish : Capilla del Señor del Buen Despacho ) , was built by the first silversmith guild , who donated the images of the Conception and Saint Eligius to whom the chapel was formerly dedicated ... | 1686dc025aee3feabf0feb00c7db01cb | 15,163 |
= = = = Chapel of Our Lady of Sorrows = = = =
| db001dfb24772ff41f02ddd42a53c2d8 | 15,165 |
The Chapel of Our Lady of Sorrows ( Spanish : Capilla de Nuestra Señora de los Dolores ) , formerly known as the Chapel of the Lord 's Supper ( Spanish : Capilla de la Santa Cena ) , was built in 1615 . It was originally dedicated to the Last Supper since a painting of this event was once kept here . It was later remo... | 7ca614c8dfc4dd1c65efc7131782cbe0 | 15,167 |
= = = = Chapel of Saint Philip of Jesus = = = =
| 5874063599869a7e307bb2c41fd0e260 | 15,169 |
The Chapel of Saint Philip of Jesus ( Spanish : Capilla de San Felipe de Jesús ) was completed during one of the earliest stages of the construction of the cathedral . It is dedicated to Philip of Jesus , a friar and the only martyr from New Spain , who was crucified in Japan . The chapel is topped with a Gothic @-@ s... | b9c8b6caf04f4d593c3f445e66f4e5dd | 15,171 |
= = = Organs = = =
| 292a0ac21e2012c88752c569012fcf92 | 15,173 |
The cathedral has had perhaps a dozen organs over the course of its history . The earliest is mentioned in a report written to the king of Spain in 1530 . Few details survive of the earliest organs . Builders names begin to appear at the end of the sixteenth century . The earliest disposition that survives is for the ... | a53bf4d1f1cf8271f2ae75d36abc4791 | 15,175 |
= = = Choir = = =
| d5905e58bbc66b2b409cfc3fd2db6e74 | 15,177 |
The choir is where the priest and / or a choral group sings the psalms . It is located in the central nave between the main door and the high altar , and built in a semicircular fashion , much like Spanish cathedrals . It was built by Juan de Rojas between 1696 and 1697 . Its sides contain 59 reliefs of various saints... | a17b6576d9c5d24e9dddc24756cd91cd | 15,179 |
= = = Crypt = = =
| 41331a95e47b1e3265d8978ad4d038da | 15,181 |
The Crypt of the Archbishops is located below the floor of the cathedral beneath the Altar of the Kings . The entrance to the crypt from the cathedral is guarded by a large wooden door behind which descends a winding yellow staircase . Just past the inner entrance is a Mexica @-@ style stone skull . It was incorporate... | 9d7300c45bd7af7028c5176ce1f52f59 | 15,183 |
On its walls are dozens of bronze plaques that indicate the locations of the remains of most of Mexico City 's former archbishops , including Cardinal Ernesto Corripio y Ahumada . The floor is covered with small marble slabs covering niches containing the remains of other people .
| 7e0e4b31c55325c283860668d3a5caad | 15,184 |
The cathedral contains other crypts and niches where other religious figures are buried , including in the chapels .
| 51b95b058cb566d4cc3e7cf100a44da8 | 15,185 |
= = Restoration = =
| 7522156fc23f2600d988b3e2b91a1e24 | 15,187 |
The sinking ground and seismic activity of the area have had an effect on the cathedral 's construction and current appearance . Forty @-@ two years were required simply to lay its foundation when it was first built , because even then the Spaniards recognized the danger of constructing such a huge monument in soft so... | 6c4bbbeb8d46a57f72b615cd0319364a | 15,189 |
= = = Fire of 1967 = = =
| 9d8d588cbdadca00231e838b4cedab98 | 15,191 |
On 17 January 1967 at 9 pm , a fire caused by an electrical short circuit caused extensive damage to the cathedral . On the Altar of Forgiveness , much of the structure and decoration were damaged including the loss of three paintings ; The Holy Face by Alonso López de Herrera , The Martyrdom of Saint Sebastian by Fra... | 911c94d9b0e6ee71a8597cd7bf16bf46 | 15,193 |
The Altars of Forgiveness and of the Kings were subject to extensive cleaning and restorative work . To replace the lost portions on the Altar of Forgiveness , several paintings were added ; Escape from Egypt by Pereyns , The Divine Countenance and The Martyrdom of Saint Sebastian . The organs were dismantled with the... | dc100c55a68e255ba6ae8900e8a15aa0 | 15,194 |
Some interesting discoveries were made as restoration work occurred during the 1970s and early 1980s . 51 paintings were found and rescued from behind the Altar of Forgiveness , including works by Juan and Nicolas Rodriguez Juarez , Miguel Cabrera and José de Ibarra . Inside one of the organs , a copy of the nominatio... | f1e4892f69cd4f966e815001de760712 | 15,195 |
= = = Late 20th @-@ century work = = =
| 5724095c7fa9b0f172874b30ed4fd3df | 15,197 |
The cathedral , along with the rest of the city , has been sinking into the lakebed from the day it was built . However , the fact that the city is a megalopolis with over 18 million people drawing water from underground sources has caused water tables to drop , and the sinking to accelerate during the latter half of ... | 6ba8536a3122e2c6a525558b76f3baad | 15,199 |
Major restoration and foundation work began in the 1990s to stabilize the building . Engineers excavated under the cathedral between 1993 and 1998 . They dug shafts under the cathedral and placed shafts of concrete into the soft ground to give the edifice a more solid base to rest on . These efforts have not stopped t... | 1d9ab25c9a41ea1b2530e95fba240c1c | 15,200 |
= = Cultural value = =
| ce2e7e2c519dfa8551c5c2dc27fe518f | 15,202 |
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