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Everyday Health Men's Health
Minoxidil for Male Hair Loss
Minoxidil is an effective drug to help some of the 35 million men with male pattern baldness, or androgenetic alopecia. Find out how it works and the advantages and disadvantages of the drug.
By Marie Suszynski
Medically Reviewed by Lindsey Marcellin, MD, MPH
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Sign Up for Our Men's Health Newsletter
The 35 million men in the United States who have male pattern baldness have their choice of two FDA-approved drugs to combat hair loss. Minoxidil is one of them.
In some men, using the drug — which comes as a topical solution or foam — once or twice a day can put a stop to hair loss from male pattern baldness (also called androgenetic alopecia) once it has started. And if you’re lucky, minoxidil (Rogaine) can even stimulate new hair growth. The key is to use it early, as soon as you start losing your hair, and continuously to keep up the results.
It has its advantages and disadvantages, but minoxidil can be very effective for a lot of men.
10 Surprising Things That Cause Hair Loss
How Minoxidil Works
Originally, minoxidil was a blood pressure medication that was taken by mouth, says Lance Barazani, MD, a dermatologist at Advanced Dermatology in Roslyn, N.Y. But doctors discovered that when people took the drug they saw hair growth on certain parts of their body, he says.
Studies proved that the medication could induce hair growth in certain people when it was given topically, he says.
As a hair loss treatment, it works by extending the growth phase of hair. Each hair goes through a growth cycle in which it grows for about 1,000 days before it falls out, Dr. Barazani says.
But in men with male pattern baldness, hair follicles become miniaturized and the hair starts becoming more fine and delicate. It happens sometime after puberty and is associated with androgens, male sex hormones. (That’s why it’s called androgenetic alopecia). Eventually, the hairline recedes and hair around the crown of the head thins.
The drug comes in two concentrations: 2 percent and 5 percent. Minoxidil 2% is designed for women, while minoxidil 5% is designed for men.
Minoxidil: Pros
Minoxidil may be a good choice for hair loss treatment if you’ve just started losing your hair. Here are the advantages of taking it:
It’s effective, especially for young men. When you start minoxidil early, especially if you’re a man in his twenties who has thinning hair and a father and uncle with male pattern baldness, you have the best chances of responding to minoxidil as a therapy, Barazani says.
It’s over-the-counter. A doctor’s prescription is not necessary. You can find minoxidil at your local drugstore, although some doctors recommend talking to your primary doctor or dermatologist before starting treatment on your own.
Try the Hair Loss Prevention Diet
Minoxidil: Cons
There also are some cons to using minoxidil, including:
It can be costly. It can cost about $40 for a three-month supply of minoxidil 5%.
However, Barazani says to keep in mind that minoxidil 2% used to be available only by prescription and cost as much as $100 a bottle, which wasn’t covered by insurance. Today, men can buy minoxidil 5% (more than twice the concentration of the original prescription formula) for considerably less. If you’re a bargain shopper and go to a discount warehouse store, you can buy four bottles for about $50, he says.
It can be cumbersome. Applying it to the scalp can be a challenge for some men, Barazani says. It’s recommended to apply the solution twice a day, but Barazani says that some men can get away with applying it only once.
It doesn’t work for everyone. Minoxidil works best for young men who are just starting to lose their hair. Someone who is already bald won’t be able to grow new hair with minoxidil. Also, while a certain number of men will be able to grow new hair with the drug, some will only be able to stop hair loss, and for others the drug won’t work at all.
If you stop, hair loss will continue. Stop using the medication and your hair will begin to thin again.
Sometimes minoxidil is prescribed along with the other medication for androgenetic alopecia: finasteride (Propecia), which is a prescription pill originally marketed in a higher-dosage pill as Proscar for prostate problems. Barazani recommends that men choose one drug and try it for a year before adding another to the mix. If you try both at once, you won’t know which one works and you’ll have to keep using both, he says.
In the meantime, it’s good to know there’s an effective treatment that you can buy without a prescription.
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Laryngology
Function of the Vocal Folds and Symptoms of Immobility
Examining the Larynx
Tracheotomy
Vocal Disorders
Vocal Fold Immobility
Voice Science
A more complete description of the vocal folds and the larynx can be found elsewhere. Briefly, the vocal folds are folds of tissue located in the larynx (voicebox) that have three important functions:
To protect the airway from choking on material in the throat
To regulate the flow of air into our lungs
The production of sounds used for speech.
The front two-thirds of the vocal fold is made up of muscle covered by a thin layer called mucosa. The back one-third is made up of cartilage called the vocal process which is also covered by mucosa. When we speak muscles in the larynx bring the vocal cords together. As the air rushes from our lungs out through the larynx, the from portion of the vocal cords vibrate, producing a sound. The upper portion of our throat then modifies this sound to produce speech.
When we breathe, one pair of muscles spreads the vocal folds apart so that air can easily enter into the lungs.
If one or both of the vocal folds does not move properly, these functions (speech or breathing) may not be normal. The general term of this disorder is vocal fold immobility.
THE SYMPTOMS OF VOCAL FOLD IMMOBILITY
The symptoms of vocal fold immobility depend on whether one or both vocal folds are affected:
UNILATERAL (SINGLE) VOCAL CORD IMMOBILITY
If only one vocal fold is not moving well, the most common symptom is a breathy voice. The weakened vocal fold often cannot move well enough to meet the other fold in the midline during speech and as a result air leaks out too quickly. This causes the voice to sound breathy and weak, and also makes it necessary for the speaker to take breaths more often during speech. After a full day of talking, someone with a weak vocal fold can feel exhausted due to the frequent breathing.
Unilateral vocal folds paralysis can also lead to choking and coughing, especially after eating or drinking liquids. The weakened fold cannot fully close the larynx during swallowing and food or water may leak into the lungs.
Some people with unilateral vocal fold paralysis find it harder to cough and to "bear down" during lifting or straining. All of these actions require that the vocal folds be brought together for a tight seal, and this may not occur if one fold is not moving well.
BILATERAL VOCAL FOLD IMMOBILITY
If both vocal folds have movement problems, the situation may be much more serious. With bilateral vocal fold paralysis, both folds may be in the midline position. This makes it very difficult to breathe and can lead to serious problems. In some cases a tracheotomy is necessary to establish an airway for people with bilateral vocal fold paralysis. However, if both folds are near the center, the voice may be quite good.
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🏆 Carabao Cup round two draw tomorrow
Grecians to find out opponents from 7pm on Thursday
Scott Palfrey
Last night's superb win over Championship side Ipswich Town on penalties means that the Grecians are in the hat for round two of the Carabao Cup.
Exeter City will be ball number 9 in the draw whichwill take place live on Sky Sports from the Stadium of Light tomorrow, Thursday, August 16, ahead of Sunderland’s round one clash against Sheffield Wednesday.
Pundits Mick McCarthy and Chris Waddle will conduct the draw live on the programme from 7pm with presenter David Prutton overseeing proceedings. The draw will also be covered across the EFL’s digital and social channels.
The Round Two draw sees the inclusion of the thirteen Premier League Clubs who are not competing in European competitions alongside Sky Bet Championship sides Stoke City and Swansea City.
The draw is unseeded but will be regionalised into North and South sections. The remaining seven Premier League Clubs will enter the competition in Round Three.
South Section ball numbers:
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Brandon Kavanagh
Place of Birth: Dublin, Ireland
Apr 2018 Present Shamrock Rovers U19
Feb 2018 Present Shamrock Rovers
Aug 2016 Oct 2016 Bohemians U19
Aug 2016 Oct 2017 Bohemians
Jul 2016 Jul 2016 Bray Wanderers U19
Feb 2019 Present Republic of Ireland U21
Sep 2018 Present Republic of Ireland U19
May 2017 Republic of Ireland U17
Brandon played with Bray Wanderers' U19 side in July of 2016 but switched to the U19s at Bohemians in August of that year, also playing with them in 2017.
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International Monetary Fund Annual Report 1994
The Annual Report to the Board of Governors reviews the IMF's activities and policies during any given year. There are five chapters: (1) Overview, (2) Developments in the Global Economy and Financial Markets, (3) Policies to Secure Sustained and Balanced Global Growth, (4) Reforming and Strengthening the IMF to Better Support Member Countries, and (5) Finances, Organization, and Accountability. The full financial statements for the year are published separately and are also available, along with appendixes and other supplementary materials.
1994 Annual Report of the Executive Board
The Global Economy
The Fund in 1993/94
APPENDIX I International Reserves
This appendix reviews recent developments in international reserves and liquidity that relate to (1) the evolution of holdings of official assets and (2) the currency composition and distribution of foreign exchange reserves.
Recent Evolution of Official Reserve Assets
During 1993, total international reserves measured in SDR terms increased by over 10 percent to SDR 1,016 billion, reflecting strong growth in both the holdings of non-gold reserves and the market value of official holdings of gold (Table I.1). The increase in non-gold reserves resulted from a substantial rise in foreign exchange reserves held by developing countries and a more modest increase in stocks held by industrial countries. The rise in the value of gold holdings was primarily attributable to a significant increase in the price of gold that more than offset the largest decline in the quantity of gold in many years. The fall in gold holdings continued a trend that began in 1989 and accelerated in 1992. In 1993, there was also a shift in Fund-related assets that arose from the increase in quotas under the Ninth General Review, which came into effect in late 1992.
Table I.1Official Holdings of Reserve Assets, End of Year 1988-March 19941(In billions of SDRs)
Total reserves excluding gold
Fund-related assets
Reserve positions in the Fund 28.3 25.5 23.7 25.9 33.9 32.8 32.7
SDRs 20.2 20.5 20.4 20.6 12.9 14.6 14.7
Subtotal, Fund-related assets 48.4 46.0 44.1 46.4 46.8 47.4 47.4
Foreign exchange 494.2 545.2 593.5 625.2 646.2 709.5 726.9
Total reserves excluding gold 542.7 590.9 637.6 671.6 692.9 756.9 7743
Quantity (millions of ounces) 946.5 940.9 938.9 937.8 929.2 911.7 911.5
Value at London market price 288.6 287.1 254.1 231.8 225.3 259.3 251.7
Industrial countries
Total reserves excluding gold 353.1 382.2 414.1 400.7 396.7 413.4 419.1
Reserve positions in the Fund 8.7 5.9 3.8 3.1 4.4 4.5 4.4
SDRs 2.6 2.8 2.7 3.1 2.4 3.2 3.2
Subtotal, Fund-related assets 11.3 8.7 6.5 6.2 6.8 7.7 7.6
Value at London market price 44.4 43.7 38.7 35.6 35.0 40.4 39.4
Net debtors
Total reserves excluding gold Fund-related assets
Subtotal, Fund-related assets 3.1 3.2 3.0 3.5 4.5 5.1 5.1
Countries with debt-servicing problems
Foreign exchange 29.7 33.8 45.4 61.2 80.6 97.0 98.9
Total reserves excluding gold 30.3 34.4 46.2 62.3 82.1 98.5 100.5
Quantity (millions of ounces) 48.8 46.5 49.1 48.8 49.1 47.0 47.1
Countries without debt-servicing problems
Foreign exchange 71.5 86.4 99.4 122.6 126.4 156.1 167.3
Total reserves excluding gold 74.0 89.1 101.6 125.0 129.5 159.7 170.9
Source: International Monetary Fund, International Financial Statistics.Note: Components may not sum to total because of rounding.
1 “Fund-related assets” comprise reserve positions in the Fund and SDR holdings of all Fund members and Switzerland. Claims by Switzerland on the Fund are included in the line showing reserve positions in the Fund. The entries under “Foreign exchange” and “Gold” comprise official holdings of those Fund members for which data are available and certain other countries or areas, including Switzerland.
2 One troy ounce equals 31.103 grams. The market price is the afternoon price fixed in London on the last business day of each period.
Non-Gold Reserves
Total non-gold reserves increased by 9 percent during 1993 to SDR 757 billion at the end of the year. This rise was attributable to continued growth in non-gold reserves since the late 1980s and was the first time in many years that non-gold reserves rose in all major groups of countries. While reserves held by developing countries have increased every year since the mid-1980s, those of industrial countries rose for the first time since 1990. The increase of 16 percent in developing country reserves was substantially larger, however, than the 4 percent increase in industrial country reserves. During 1993, non-gold reserves of all major groups of developing countries rose. In particular, stocks held by the net debtor developing countries rose by 22 percent, after increases of 27 percent and 13 percent in 1991 and 1992, respectively, while the net creditor countries increased their non-gold reserves by 1 percent in 1993.
Foreign exchange reserves, which accounted for most of the change in non-gold reserves, rose by 10 percent during 1993 to SDR 709 billion, the first time since 1989 that the growth rate was at least 10 percent. This increase resulted from an SDR 46 billion (16 percent growth) rise in the holdings of developing countries, and an SDR 17 billion increase (5 percent) in the holdings of industrial countries. The foreign exchange reserves of the latter rose in 1993 after two years of modest declines. The increase in the holdings of developing countries continued the trend of accumulation of foreign exchange reserves that began in 1987; the most recent growth is attributable, to some extent, to the inflow of private capital.
Holdings of Fund-Related Reserve Assets
Holdings of Fund-related assets increased by a little more than 1 percent (SDR 650 million) in 1993 to reach SDR 47 billion by the end of the year. The quota increase arising from the Ninth General Review resulted in major changes in the composition of Fund-related reserve assets in 1992, as most members used their holdings of SDRs to pay for the reserve asset portion of the quota increase. Members’ reserve positions in the Fund, which comprise their reserve tranche position and their creditor position, had fallen by SDR 6 billion from 1987 to the end of 1991, but subsequently rose by SDR 8 billion in 1992. Members’ holdings of SDRs, which had remained virtually unchanged from 1987 to 1991, declined by SDR 8 billion in 1992. This pattern of offsetting changes in reserve positions in the Fund and SDRs was evident for both developing and industrial countries. Developments in 1993 reflected the Fund’s decision adopted early in the year to reduce its own SDR holdings from SDR 8.6 billion at the end of 1992 to SDR 1-1.5 billion by the end of 1995 in order to replenish members’ holdings and facilitate their use of SDRs. In implementing this policy, the Fund reduced its holdings by about SDR 2 billion during 1993 by providing SDRs to members in purchases and other transfers, thus generating a similar increase in members’ holdings that was equally shared by industrial and developing countries.
The market value of the stock of official gold reserves rose by 15 percent in 1993 to SDR 259 billion, after declining by 43 percent from 1987 to 1992. This increase in value in 1993 primarily resulted from an increase in the price of gold and occurred despite a decline of 2 percent in the quantity held by members. The price of gold increased by 17 percent in 1993—from SDR 242 an ounce to SDR 285 an ounce—and was the first significant price increase since 1987. The decline in 1993 in the stock of gold held as reserves was larger than in earlier years: the stock of gold held as reserves fell by less than 1 percent between 1987 and 1991, by 1 percent in 1992, and by another 2 percent in 1993. Although the quantity decline over the past several years was more concentrated in the industrial countries, the distribution of gold holdings was approximately the same at the end of 1993 as it was in 1988: industrial countries held 84 percent and developing countries held 16 percent of the total physical stock of gold reserves of 912 million ounces.
Developments in the First Quarter of 1994
The increase in total international reserves of SDR 10 billion in the first quarter of 1994 reflected primarily an increase in the holdings of foreign exchange that more than offset a fall in the value of gold reserves resulting from a decline in the price of gold. The SDR 17 billion increase in holdings of non-gold reserves was largely attributable to a rise in the foreign exchange reserves of the net debtor developing countries although the industrial countries also experienced a modest rise.
Currency Composition of Reserves
During the past decade, there has been an ongoing diversification as well as sizable fluctuations in the currency composition of foreign exchange reserves (Table I.2). The share of the U.S.dollar in total foreign exchange reserves fell from 70 percent in 1984 to 58 percent in 1990. There was some reversal in this trend through 1992 as its share rebounded to 63 percent, which was followed by a modest decline in 1993 to 61 percent. The counterpart to the changes in the U.S. dollar share was reflected in movements in the shares of other currencies, primarily the deutsche mark, the French franc, and the Japanese yen. However, the diversification of reserves and fluctuations in shares tended to be concentrated in industrial countries rather than in developing countries. The industrial countries’ share of U.S. dollar-denominated reserves decreased by 18 percentage points between 1984 and 1990 before rising by 5 percentage points by the end of 1993, whereas the developing countries’ share fell by only 5 percentage points between 1984 and 1990 and subsequently rose by only 2 percent. Moreover, since 1987 the share of the U.S. dollar in the total reserve holdings of developing countries has risen by 3 percentage points, compared with a decrease of 11 percentage points for industrial countries. In addition, while industrial countries increased the share of the deutsche mark in their reserve portfolios from 15 percent to 20 percent between 1984 and 1993, its share in the portfolios of developing countries was much lower and only increased from 10 percent to 11 percent during this period. The yen, on the other hand, has become an increasingly important reserve asset for all countries, particularly for developing countries; the share of yen holdings in the developing countries’ portfolio (9.5 percent) is now greater than for industrial countries (8.7 percent).
Table I.2Share of National Currencies in Total Identified Official Holdings of Foreign Exchange, End of Year 1984-931(In percent)
ECUs Treated
Separately2
U.S. dollar 70.0 64.8 67.1 67.8 64.6 60.2 57.5 58.4 63.2 61.4 54.6
Pound sterling 2.9 3.0 2.5 2.4 2.7 2.7 3.4 3.6 3.3 3.4 3.3
Deutsche mark 12.6 15.1 14.6 14.3 15.5 18.8 18.6 16.5 14.1 16.1 15.5
French franc 0.8 0.9 0.8 0.8 1.0 1.4 2.3 2.8 2.4 2.2 2.1
Swiss franc 2.0 2.3 2.0 1.9 1.9 1.5 1.4 1.4 1.3 1.5 1.4
Netherlands guilder 0.7 1.0 1.1 1.2 1.0 1.1 1.1 1.1 0.6 0.6 0.6
Japanese yen 5.8 8.0 7.9 7.5 7.7 7.7 8.8 9.4 8.5 9.0 8.7
Unspecified currencies3 5.3 4.9 4.1 4.0 5.5 6.6 6.9 7.0 6.6 5.8 13.7
Japanese yen 6.3 8.9 8.3 7.1 7.0 8.1 9.6 10.4 8.0 8.7 8.2
Deutsche mark 9.9 10.0 11.1 10.8 11.4 10.9 11.6 10.8 10.8 11.4 11.4
Unspecified currencies4 9.5 9.0 8.4 10.2 11.3 10.6 9.1 7.8 6.8 7.5 7.5
Note: Shares may not sum to 100 because of rounding.
1 The SDR value of ECUs issued against dollars is added to the SDR value of dollars, but the SDR value of ECUs issued against gold is excluded from the total distributed here. Only selected countries that provide information about the currency composition of their official holdings of foreign exchange are included in this table.
2 This column is for comparison and indicates the currency composition of reserves when holdings of ECUs issued are treated as a separate reserve asset, unlike the other columns, as explained in the preceding footnote. The share of ECUs in total foreign exchange holdings was 14.0 percent for industrial countries and 7.4 percent for all countries.
3 The residual is equal to the difference between total identified reserves and the sum of the reserves held in the seven currencies listed in the table.
4 The calculations here rely to a greater extent on Fund staff estimates than do those provided for the group of industrial countries.
In the calculation of the shares in Table I.2, the SDR value of ECUs issued against gold is not counted as part of foreign exchange reserves, but the SDR value of ECUs issued against dollars is counted as part of the holdings of dollars. The overall picture of the trend in the currency composition of foreign exchange reserves is similar if ECUs—introduced in 1979 and accounting for 7.4 percent of the value of total official holdings of foreign exchange at the end of 1993—are treated separately, as shown in the last column of Table I.2. In particular, the USdollar share (excluding holdings of ECUs) in total identified reserve holdings fell from 61 percent at the end of 1984 to 50 percent at the end of 1990 before rising to 55 percent at the end of 1993.
ECU official reserves are in the form of claims on both the private sector and the European Monetary Cooperation Fund (EMCF).1 The EMCF-backed reserves are issued to the central banks of the members in exchange for deposits of both gold and dollars equal to 20 percent of these ECU reserves These swaps are renewed every three months, and changes in members’ holdings of dollars and gold, as well as changes in the market price of gold and the foreign exchange value of the dollar, affect the amount of ECUs outstanding.2 Quantity changes in ECU holdings depend, therefore, partly on the evolution of the two components of the EMCF swap.3 The SDR 6.7 billion decrease in holdings of ECUs that occurred in 1993 resulted from a decline in the SDR price of the ECUs as well as in the quantity held. The drop in the value of ECU holdings in 1993 was the first decline since 1988.
Changes in the SDR value of foreign exchange reserves can be decomposed into valuation (or price) and quantity changes for each of the major currencies as well as the ECU. These are shown in Table I.3. In 1993, total identified foreign exchange reserves increased by SDR 62 billion as a result of a positive quantity change of SDR 67 billion that more than offset a valuation loss of SDR 5 billion. Although the quantity of dollar holdings increased even more in 1993 than in the previous year, the SDR value of the dollar changed very little during the year and there was little in the way of valuation change. Of the identifiable reserve currencies, the dollar and the yen were the only reserve assets that experienced both quantity and valuation increases in 1993. The increase in the deutsche mark share was primarily attributable to a substantial increase in holdings of that currency that more than offset a substantial fall in its price on account of a depreciation of the deutsche mark. The more modest increase in the share of Japanese yen was equally divided between changes in the SDR value and in quantity.
Table I.3Currency Composition of Official Holdings of Foreign Exchange, End of Year 1987-931(In millions of SDRs)
Change in holdings 38,736 17,227 11,156 16,883 14,904 33,127 34,947
Quantity change 70,971 4,718 5,436 37,451 17,113 21,207 33,848
Price change -32,236 12,508 5,720 -20,568 -2,208 11,920 1,098
Year-end value 225,697 242,924 254,080 270,963 285,867 318,994 353,941
Change in holdings 1,150 2,381 1,144 5,103 2,003 -446 2,374
Quantity change 423 2,195 2,289 3,611 2,553 3,262 2,734
Price change 727 185 -1,145 1,492 -550 -3,708 -360
Year-end value 8,716 11,096 12,240 17,344 19,347 18,901 21,275
Change in holdings 9,432 10,750 23,178 9,076 -6,640 -9,697 21,055
Quantity change 6,574 14,429 16,805 4,409 -4,670 -8,064 26,978
Price change 2,858 -3,679 6,373 4,667 -1,970 -1,633 -5,923
Year-end value 52,893 63,642 86,820 95,896 89,340 79,559 100,614
French franc
Change in holdings 577 1,222 2,356 5,459 3,155 -1,434 -46
Quantity change 470 1,485 1,919 5,105 3,154 -1,248 832
Price change 107 -264 437 354 1 -186 -878
Year-end value 2,975 4,197 6,554 12,012 15,167 13,733 13,687
Change in holdings 1,101 762 -1,038 490 34 55 1,774
Quantity change 460 1,504 -989 -186 388 269 1,875
Price change 641 -742 -50 676 -354 -214 -101
Year-end value 7,132 7,894 6,856 7,346 7,380 7,435 9,208
Netherlands guilder
Change in holdings 1,236 -234 750 564 190 -2,211 473
Quantity change 984 66 415 331 266 -2,220 722
Price change 251 -300 335 233 -76 9 -249
Change in holdings 4,289 3,782 3,991 10,121 5,145 -2,709 8,522
Quantity change 1,676 2,751 7,647 10,288 1,919 -4,886 3,098
Price change 2,613 1,031 -3,656 -166 3,226 2,176 5,424
Year-end value 27,704 31,486 35,477 45,599 50,744 48,035 56,556
Change in holdings 16,521 -5,985 364 492 4,046 2,715 -6,667
Quantity change 14,049 -3,296 -1,878 -2,107 4,950 6,905 -2,506
Price change 2,472 -2,689 2,242 2,600 -905 -4,190 -4,161
Sum of the above2
Quantity change 95,608 23,853 31,644 58,901 25,673 15,225 67,581
Price change -22,567 6,051 10,258 -10,713 -2,835 4,174 -5,150
Total official holdings3
Note: Components may not sum because of rounding
1 The currency composition of foreign exchange is based on the Fund’s currency survey and on estimates derived mainly, but not solely, from official national reports. The numbers in this table should be regarded as estimates that are subject to adjustment as more information is received. Quantity changes are derived by multiplying the changes in official holdings of each currency from the end of one quarter to the next by the average of the two SDR prices of that currency prevailing at the corresponding dates. This procedure converts the change in the quantity of national currency from own units to SDR units of account. Subtracting the SDR value of the quantity change so derived from the quartetly change in the SDR value of the foreign exchange held at the end of two successive quaters and cumulating these different yields the effect of price changesover the years shown.
2 Each item represents the sum of the eight currencies above.
3 Includes a residual whose currency composition could not be ascertained, as well as holdings of currencies other than those shown.
Although the U.S. dollar share of foreign exchange reserves fell in 1993 (Table I.2), the value of these holdings actually rose more than in 1992 and more than for any other identifiable currency (Table I.3). The share declined because there were relatively larger increases in the holdings of other currencies, especially the deutsche mark.
The Bank for International Settlements in International Banking and Financial Market Developments (Washington, February 1992, p. 20) estimates that in September 1931, central bank deposits in the ECU market were about ECU 30 billion and that ECU 4-5 billion more was held in ECU securities.
In calculating the value of the gold holdings of the EMCF in terms of ECUs, the ECU swap price is set equal to the tower of two values: the average of the prices recorded daily at the two London fixings during the previous six calendar months, and the average price at the two price fixings on the penultimate working day of the period.
The quarterly swaps are arranged at the end of the first week of January, April. July, and October. Changes in the number of ECUs outstanding thus depend on the exchange rale and the gold price on these dates, whereas changes in the SDR value of ECU holdings are calculated at the SDR-ECU exchange rale ai the end of each quarter.
APPENDIX II Financial Operations and Transactions of the Fund
The tables in this appendix supplement the information given in the section on the Fund s financial operations and policies.
Table II.15Members That Have Accepted the Obligations of Article VIII, Sections 2, 3, and 4 of the Articles of Agreement
of Acceptance
Antigua and Barbuda November 22, 1983 Malaysia November11,1968
Argentina May14,1968 Marshall Islands May21,1992
Australia July1,1965
Austria August 1,1962 Mauritius September 29, 1993
Bahamas, The December5, 1973 Mexico November 12, 1946
Micronesia, Federated
Bahrain March20, 1973 States of June24, 1993
Bangladesh April 11, 1994 Morocco January 21, 1993
Barbados November 3, 1993 Nepal May 30, 1994
Belgium February 15, 1961
Belize June 14,1983 Netherlands February 15, 1961
June 14,1983 New Zealand August 5,1982
Bolivia June 5, 1967 Nicaragua July 20,1964
Canada March 25, 1952 Norway May 11, 1967
Chile July 27, 1977 Oman June 19, 1974
Costa Rica February 1, 1965
Cyprus January 9, 1991 Pakistan July 1, 1994
Panama November 26, 1946
Denmark May 1, 1967 Papua New Guinea December 4, 1975
Djibouti September 19, 1980 Peru February 15, 1961
Dominica December 13,1979 Portugal September 12, 1988
Dominican Republic August 1, 1953
Ecuador August 31, 1970 Oatar June 4, 1973
St. Kitts and Nevis December 3, 1984
El Salvador November 6, 1946 St. Lucia May 30, 1980
Fiji August 4, 1972 St. Vincent and the
Finland September 25, 1979 Grenadines August 24, 1981
France February 15, 1961 San Marino September 23, 1992
Gambia, The January 21, 1993 Saudi Arabia
Germany February 15, 1961 Seychelles January 3, 1978
Ghana February 21, 1994 Singapore November 9, 1968
Greece July 7, 1992 Solomon Islands Jury 24, 1979
Grenada January 24, 1994 South Africa September 15, 1973
Guatemala January 27, 1947
Spain Jury15,1986
Guyana December27,1966
Haiti December 22, 1953 Sri Lanka March 15, 1994
Honduras July 1, 1950 Suriname June 29, 1978
Iceland September 19, 1983 Swaziland December 11, 1989
Indonesia May 7, 1988 Sweden February 15, 1961
Ireland February 15, 1961 Switzerland May 29, 1992
Israel September 21, 1993 Thailand May 4, 1930
Italy February 15, 1961 Tonga March 22, 1991
Jamaica February 22, 1963 Trinidad and Tobago December 13, 1993
Japan April 1, 1964 Tunisia January 6, 1993
Kenya June 30, 1994 Turkey March 22, 1990
Kiribati August 22, 1986 Uganda April 5, 1994
Korea November 1, 1988 United Arab Emirates February 13, 1974
Kuwait April 5, 1963 United Kingdom February 15, 1961
Latvia May 3, 1994 United States December 10, 1946
Lebanon July 1, 1993 Uruguay May 2, 1980
Lithuania June 10, 1994 Vanuatu December 1, 1982
Luxembourg February 15, 1961 Venezuela July 1, 1976
Note-This table includes acceptances receivedthrough June 30,1994.
APPENDIX III Technical Assistance and Training, Relations with Other International Organizations, and External Relations
Technical Assistance and Training
Technical assistance and training are extended by the Fund to members in a wide range of economic and financial areas, either at Fund headquarters or through staff missions to a member country. Staff from almost every department and bureau of the Fund may be provided in response to a member’s request. Assistance may relate to a whole range of subjects, including economic policy, balance of payments adjustments programs, legal matters, debt management, exchange and trade issues, financial sector topics, accounting, statistics, and data processing.
Fiscal Affairs Department
Much of the Fiscal Affairs Department technical assistance has been directed at supporting countries’ efforts in connection with Fund-supported structural adjustment programs. The department also is involved in providing technical assistance as part of major United Nations Development Program (UNDP) and World Bank projects. The pattern of activity in the Baltic countries. Russia, and other countries of the former Soviet Union has moved from an initial wave of assistance that provided general advice on a broad range of topics to more narrowly focused missions that provided specific advice as well as the assignment of long-term experts to implement reform. This specificity in technical assistance is expected to continue, especially with regard to institution-building projects on treasury systems, tax administration, and social safety nets.
IMF Institute
The IMF Institute trains officials from member countries and prospective members through courses and seminars at headquarters, at the Joint Vienna Institute, and in regional or national centers. Courses in Washington are offered in Arabic, English, French, and Spanish: in Vienna in English, with Russian interpretation, and French; and in other overseas locations with interpretation into local languages, as needed. The Institute also arranges scholarships to train younger officials at universities in Japan and Australia, and it gives lecturing assistance to other regional or national training institutions. Institute staff also organize briefings at headquarters for visiting officials.
During 1993/94, training at headquarters consisted of 13 courses and 2 seminars for senior officials, attended by 515 participants. The program included six 10-week courses on financial programming and policy, two 10-week and one 8-week courses on techniques of financial analysis and programming, one 10-week course on programming and policies for medium-term adjustment, and one 5-week course on external sector policies. The financial programming and policy course covered financial programming and adjustment issues for officials with substantial macroeconomic background and practical experience; the course on techniques of financial analysis and programming provided a review of similar issues for relatively junior officials; technical and policy aspects of medium-term adjustment programs were emphasized in the course on programming and policies for medium-term adjustment, while the external sector policies course gave senior- and mid-level officials a deeper understanding of the issues involved in formulating such policies in the context of a macroeconomic framework for adjustment and growth. One 4-week course was presented in collaboration with the Statistics Department on government finance statistics, and an 8-week course on public finance was presented in collaboration with the Fiscal Affairs Department. Seminars for senior officials were held on central banking in collaboration with the Monetary and Exchange Affairs Department and on the coordination of structural reform and macroeconomic stabilization.
The Joint Vienna Institute, run in cooperation with four other international organizations and with help from Austria and a number of other national donors, began offering in 1993/94 a comprehensive economic training program lasting several months for younger officials, in addition to the shorter courses and seminars on specialized subjects presented by individual agencies. It trains officials and some private sector managers from former centrally planned economies of Eastern Europe, the Baltic countries, Russia, other countries of the former U.S.S.R., and Asia that are in transition to market systems. IMF training at the Vienna Institute during 1993/94 was at more than twice the level of 1992/93 in terms of courses and participants. It consisted of 16 courses and 1 module in the comprehensive course, attended by 520 participants. The program included one 2-week course on public expenditure and one 2-week course on fiscal policy management (in collaboration with the Fiscal Affairs Department), one 1-week course on foreign exchange and related issues, and one 2-week course on bank supervision (in collaboration with the Monetary and Exchange Affairs Department), one 3-week course on balance of payments statistics, one 3-week course on money and banking statistics, and one 3-week course on government finance statistics (in collaboration with the Statistics Department), three 3-week courses on basic economics, two 6-week courses on macroeconomic and financial policies, two 6-week courses on macroeconomic analysis and policy, one 3-week course on the same subject in French, and one 2-week module on macroeconomic policy.
In addition to residential training courses in Washington and Vienna, the Institute conducted 28 overseas courses and 7 seminars for high-level officials and provided lecturing assistance on 6 occasions to 5 training organizations. The Institute also organized 17 briefings at headquarters for a total of 343 visiting officials from member countries. Except for staff and teaching materials provided by the Institute, costs of overseas training are increasingly covered either by local partners or through cofi-nancing arrangements with other collaborating institutions and national authorities, including the UNDP, the European Union, and Japan.
The Japan-IMF Scholarship Program for Asia, financed by the Japanese authorities, was launched with the arrival of seven young officials at Saitama University (near Tokyo) in September 1993 and two at the Australian National University, Canberra, in early 1994. The program is designed to train young officials from economies in transition for a period of about one year, following which some are assigned to internships in the region.
The Institute, in cooperation with the Research Department, has also been conducting an internal training program for Fund economists. Six internal training courses and seminars took place in fiscal year 1994, attended by some 270 economists. The Institute also provides briefings for official visitors to Fund headquarters, and hosts visits by individual special participants (normally senior officials who are attached to Fund departments for short periods).
During the fiscal year, the Legal Department continued to meet an increasing demand from member countries for assistance in drafting monetary, fiscal, and foreign exchange legislation. This continued demand reflects an increased awareness that economic stability and development require the support of an appropriate legal system.
Although the Legal Department focuses its technical assistance working on banking, fiscal, and foreign exchange law, it has recently expanded its work to include bankruptcy and foreign investment law. In the areas of banking and foreign exchange legislation, legal assistance has included central bank and commercial banking law and exchange control regulation. In carrying out these tasks, the Legal Department cooperates closely with the area departments and the Monetary and Exchange Affairs Department so as to ensure that the legal services—especially the drafting of legislation—accommodate and reflect sound policy objectives. The work in bankruptcy law results from requests for this essential element of commercial law for economies in transition. The work on foreign investment law has related to both foreign direct investment and external debt.
In fiscal law, the work of the department has included corporate and personal income tax, value-added tax, tax administration, and customs laws. The department works closely with area departments and the Fiscal Affairs Department in helping countries translate policy decisions into law.
To function effectively, a legal system must include not only adequate legislation but also an efficient institutional infrastructure for the administration of the law, including, for instance, a competent and independent judiciary, qualified legal practitioners, and registers for companies, banking licenses, collateral rights, and judgments. Accordingly, although drafting of banking, fiscal, and foreign exchange law has remained the principal area of assistance by the Legal Department, increasing attention is given to the need to extend legal assistance beyond the drafting of legislation to the establishment of institutions and procedures that can ensure the proper functioning of the legislation. The need for such extended legal assistance is particularly felt in the economies in transition. The Legal Department addresses these areas of need in close consultation with the legal staffs of other international organizations, such as the World Bank and the European Bank for Reconstruction and Development (EBRD), in order to arrive at a reasonable division of technical assistance tasks and to avoid duplication of work.
The Legal Department provides assistance to member countries partly from headquarters and partly during missions. In providing this assistance, the Legal Department draws on its staff as well as on outside legal experts. During the fiscal year, staff and experts traveled for the Legal Department on 42 missions to 26 different member countries. In addition, members of the department participated in several seminars and workshops in which technical assistance was provided to a number of countries under the sponsorship of the Fund, other international organizations, and central banks.
Monetary and Exchange Affairs Department
The Monetary and Exchange Affairs Department’s 1993/94 technical assistance program continued to reflect its intensive and comprehensive assistance efforts in the Baltic countries. Russia, other countries of the former Soviet Union, and Eastern Europe; these efforts accounted for about 46 percent of all advisory missions and about half of all expert trips. The program of subject-specific technical assistance workshops for the Baltic countries, Russia, and other countries of the former Soviet Union proved to be highly successful in improving the effectiveness of technical assistance in this region. The combination of technical assistance and skill development in the workshop format provides increased opportunities for the cross-fertilization of ideas and strategies, for interactive learning, and for gathering information that can facilitate the subsequent implementation of reforms. Although a broad range of subjects was covered in the assistance provided to this region, particular focus has been given to monetary policy operations, banking supervision, new currency issues, foreign exchange operations, payment and settlement systems, and accounting. During 1993/94, long-term experts were resident in Kazakhstan (two), the Kyrgyz Republic (two), Latvia, Lithuania (two), Moldova, the Russian Federation (two), Turkmenistan, and Ukraine.
As in the past, the department’s technical assistance program relied on a large number of outside experts, many of them drawn from the cooperating central banks; these banks support comprehensive programs of technical assistance in many countries, notably, in the Baltic countries, Russia, and other countries of the former Soviet Union. Assistance was provided in 1993/94 by 297 outside experts whose total time amounted to 70-person years. Of this total, approximately 46 expert years (66 percent) were provided by 78 long-term experts residing in member countries. The remaining 24 expert years of assistance were provided by 219 experts who accompanied departmental missions or made separate, short visits organized by the department. External financing—from the UNDP, the Japan Administered Account (JAA), and the World Bank—increased in 1993/94 and accounted for about 25-person years (36 percent) of expert time compared with 17-person years (24 percent) in 1992/93.
Activities relating to the coordination of technical assistance with cooperating central banks and other multilateral and bilateral institutions increased sharply in the second half of 1993/94. The scope and frequency of coordination meetings were increased, in part owing to the intensified collaboration with other multinationals in providing financial sector technical assistance in the Baltic countries, Russia, and other countries of the former Soviet Union. The department has assumed a major coordinating role in the reforms of the Russian payment system, involving the mobilization and supervision of a large volume of parallel assistance (from the EU, OECD, IBRD, and EBRD) in addition to direct assistance provided by the IMF with the support of four cooperating central banks.
Efforts to leverage project specific parallel assistance from multiple donors also intensified in 1993/94, growing to 16 expert assignments in 10 countries and with 9 organizations. Some eight years of expert time were managed and supervised by the department through these parallel arrangements.
In 1993/94, the department intensified its efforts to integrate analysis, review, and jurisdiction functions of the department with technical assistance. It sought to ensure consistency in policy advice on monetary and exchange rate issues across the membership and also to integrate the technical assistance work on the institutions of monetary and exchange management within the overall structure of Fund programs.
Operational research on structural issues in the transition to indirect instruments of monetary management was intensified in 1993/94. The department continued to improve and update its legislation data bank, which contains banking laws from some 150 countries.
The technical assistance activities of the Statistics Department showed a further increase during fiscal year 1994. The department conducted 152 technical assistance missions, 13 of which were multitopic, to 60 countries. By comparison, in fiscal year 1993 it conducted 143 technical assistance missions, 17 of which were multitopic, to 71 countries.
The increase in the number of missions was mainly in support of the continuing needs of countries in transition that are still adapting their statistical systems to better serve economic analysis and policy in a market economy. Eastern Europe, the Baltic countries, Russia, and other countries of the former Soviet Union received about 68 percent of all technical assistance provided by the department during the year compared with 47 percent in fiscal year 1993. This level of technical assistance involved 176 trips by staff, headquarters-based consultants, and outside experts on 103 missions. Only 5 of these missions were multitopic, compared with 11 such missions in fiscal year 1993, reflecting the need for follow-up work in specific areas of statistics after the diagnostic missions conducted in recent years.
In addition to this effort in the transition economies, the Statistics Department increased its level of technical assistance to other member countries, in particular to those that were actual or prospective users of Fund resources or whose statistical infrastructure was at an early stage of development. There were 49 missions to these countries in fiscal year 1994, compared with 76 missions in the previous fiscal year.
The department’s technical assistance activities were again principally concentrated in the areas of monetary, balance of payments, and government finance statistics, which together accounted for about 80 percent of the total technical assistance provided during fiscal year 1994. In addition, partly in response to the operational needs of the Fund, the department continued to field missions to the Baltic countries, Russia, and other countries of the former Soviet Union on consumer price statistics and national accounts and started work on the development of producer price indices.
The provision of technical assistance in fiscal year 1994 continued to depend on an increasing number of outside experts for both short-term and medium- and long term assignments. Over half of the projects using such experts were financed with resources provided by the Japanese Government under the Japan Administered Account. During the year, there were 268 active expert assignments, 6 of which were long-term, involving some 30 countries. About 36 expert assignments during fiscal year 1994 were financed under the Japan Administered Account program, and 2 under the Executing Agency Agreement with the UNDP. In addition, a significant amount of technical assistance was provided through participation of staff of the Statistics Department in 18 missions of other departments. 6 of which were to Russia and other countries of the former Soviet Union.
The Statistics Department continued to offer training to national statisticians on statistical methodologies and their application, mainly through courses at the IMF Institute at Fund headquarters and at the Joint Vienna Institute. In fiscal year 1994, the department conducted a seminar on government finance statistics in China, courses on money and banking and balance of payments statistics at the Arab Monetary Fund, and a balance of payments seminar at the headquarters of the Central Bank of West Africa States (BCEAO). In addition, the department contributed to regional seminars on financial accounts, price statistics, and national accounts organized in cooperation with the OECD and EUROSTAT for the Baltic countries, Russia, and other countries of the former Soviet Union.
Treasurer’s Department
Technical assistance requests received by the Treasurer’s Department are in areas related to members’ financial relations with the Fund. The demand for such assistance—on the establishment and maintenance of the Fund accounts, the Fund’s financial organization and operations, and the conduct of transactions by members with the Fund—remained at a relatively high level in 1993/94, mainly reflecting the unfamiliarity with Fund financial transactions and accounting practices of new members and members that previously have not had extensive relations with the Fund.
A total of seven missions were sent for periods of one to two weeks in 1993/94, of which all but one were single-person missions. Five of these missions went to member countries whose economies are moving from centrally planned to more marketdetermined systems and covered such areas as accounting for Fund-related assets and liabilities and a member’s position in the Fund, the Fund’s financial structure and organization, recording and reporting on financial operations and transactions with the Fund, and the Fund’s operational budget. Seminars and technical workshops were conducted for officials of the central banks and finance ministries of these countries, and in some cases working groups were established to ensure the involvement of all staff concerned.
A staff member from the department participated in a seminar at the Joint Vienna Institute to introduce officials from central banks of the Baltic countries, Russia, and other countries of the former Soviet Union to a proposed chart of accounts for central banks and to accounting for a member’s position in the Fund in the balance sheet of the central bank. In response to a request from a member country in Latin America, the department provided technical assistance advice on internationally accepted practices for accounting for a central bank’s international reserves and on methods of valuation of those reserves.
Several aide-memoire on specific accounting questions raised by new members of the Fund were prepared by Treasurer’s Department staff in 1993/94.
Bureau of Computing Services
The Bureau of Computing Services (BCS) provides limited technical assistance in electronic data processing to member countries in direct support of the economic and financial work of the Fund. These missions provide narrowly focused advice on planning and developing systems for the automation of economic and financial time-series data bases, guidance on the computerization of fiscal and administrative policy and planning, and assisting with the automation in central banking operations, tax administration, budgeting, customs, and treasury operations.
With many member countries now developing computer systems to process, analyze, and manage economic, financial, and administrative information, and with the continued rapid advancement and changes taking place in technology, it is anticipated that member countries will look more toward the Fund for overall guidance in the development of capabilities to collect, store, process, and exchange data and documents. Such guidance is likely to include advice on data organization and management, statistical processing, and estimation and modeling. In order to accommodate the rise in demand for computer expertise, the BCS technical assistance program has been somewhat expanded. Additional funding under the auspices of the Japan Administered Account has provided for several short-term expert visits to Viet Nam, the Lao People’s Democratic Republic, and Tanzania. Since overall budgetary and staff resources will continue to be limited, the BCS will focus its technical assistance automation efforts on those areas deemed necessary to facilitate the economic missions of the Fund and that specialize in the Fund’s areas of expertise.
During the past financial year, the BCS continued to receive a large number of delegations and visitors from member countries and from international and regional institutions for training in computer technology. Training courses, lectures, briefings, presentations, and demonstrations were given to visitors on numerous technology topics and information-processing application systems Efforts were directed to further the collaboration with member countries in the sharing and exchange of information technology and electronic data and documents. The visits ranged from several days to one month. They covered aspects such as data administration, data base management systems, statistical analysis and data modeling, financial processing and reporting, office automation, guidance on strategic planning, communication, and networking to provide easy access and sharing of information, training curriculum and support for end users, and policy and planning of electronic data processing (EDP) systems. Visiting officials were particularly interested in the newer technology such as client server systems and data communications networks that provide sharing and exchange between the Fund and its member countries. The number of delegations requesting to visit the BCS for technology discussions and training is expected to increase substantially in the coming year.
Relations with Other International Organizations
The Fund continuously maintains close relations with other international and regional institutions that share common interests and goals. Recently, cooperation with these organizations has focused not only on international monetary and financial matters, but on environmental issues as well. Fund staff work closely with the United Nations, the General Agreement on Tariffs and Trade (GATT), the Organization for Economic Cooperation and Development, the European Commission, the Bank for International Settlements (BIS), and several other organizations.
Maintaining contacts with these organizations is the responsibility of the three offices of the Fund located away from headquarters. The Director of the Fund Office in the United Nations and Special Representative to the United Nations is responsible for the collaborative relationship with the UN and its specialized agencies. The activities of the Office in Europe, which is located in Paris, are directed toward maintaining the Fund’s relations with the BIS, the European Commission, and the OECD, while the Geneva Office monitors, reports on, and analyzes the activities of such institutions as the GATT, the UN Conference on Trade and Development (UNCTAD), the UN Conference on Environment and Development (UNCED), and other Geneva-based organizations. As the need arises, staff and technical experts from headquarters are assigned to supplement the work of these offices and to provide operational linkages. Other forums, meetings, and seminars, such as those of the regional economic and financial organizations in Africa, Asia and the Pacific, Latin America and the Caribbean, and the Middle East, including the regional development banks, are also attended by Fund staff.
From its inception almost fifty years ago, the Fund has enjoyed a close affiliation with the World Bank. Collaboration between the two institutions involves joint participation in missions, attendance at each other’s Executive Board meetings and seminars, joint preparation of policy framework papers and papers on the environment, and regular exchange of documents and information. Aid coordination meetings including Aid Groups, Consultative Groups, and Donors Conferences held under the auspices of the World Bank are regularly attended by Fund staff.
The accelerated activities in the GATT’s Committee on Balance of Payments Restrictions enhanced the Fund’s involvement in various cooperative arrangements. Staff continue to represent the Fund at the sessions of the GATT Council of Representatives, the Contracting Parties to the GATT, and several standing GATT committees, and also continue to provide relevant documents. The Geneva Office and other Fund staff closely monitored and analyzed issues and developments of the Uruguay Round of Multilateral Trade Negotiations, which concluded on December 15, 1993. The Managing Director welcomed the successful conclusion of these negotiations and expressed the Fund’s interest in a collaborative relationship with the World Trade Organization established under the Round. Plans are now under way for developing that relationship, and the Fund is examining the various trade and environmental issues that will result from the establishment of the World Trade Organization.
The Fund, as one of the sponsoring institutions, has actively participated in the endeavors of the Joint Vienna Institute (JVI). The JVI is a cooperative venture whose purpose is to provide training to former centrally planned economies in transition to market-based systems. It offers a wide variety of courses in economic and financial management and public administration for policy advisors, their staff, training officers, and private sector executives from countries of Central and Eastern Europe and the Baltic countries, Russia, and other countries of the former Soviet Union, as well as from other former centrally planned economies in Asia. In addition to the Fund, the other sponsors of the JVI are the BIS, the EBRD, the OECD, and the World Bank.
The Managing Director’s important role in maintaining relations with other international and regional organizations is underscored by his participation in meetings and seminars, most notably those of the United Nations, where he addressed the High-Level Meeting of the Economic and Social Council (ECOSOC) in Geneva on June 29, 1993. In April 1994, he attended meetings of the UN Administrative Committee on Coordination (ACC) in Geneva. He participated in the OECD ministerial meeting, which was held in Paris on June 2-3, 1993, and the BIS Central Bank Governors’ Meeting in Basle on July 12, 1993. The Managing Director addressed the Fifth Inter-sessional Meeting of CARICOM Heads of Government in St. Vincent and the Grenadines on March 11, 1994.
The role and the functions of the Fund came under intense public scrutiny during the year as it provided policy advice and technical assistance to the countries in transition, assisted countries in the CFA franc zone to develop appropriate policies in the wake of the devaluation of the CFA franc in January 1994, and adjusted to calls for more transparency in its operations from both official and nonofficial quarters. To meet these demands, the Fund continued to expand its efforts to explain its work and policies to an ever-growing audience.
The work of the Fund in assisting the countries of Central Europe and the Baltic countries, Russia, and other countries of the former Soviet Union generated an unprecedented amount of attention for the Fund, as did its efforts to enlarge and expand the enhanced structural adjustment facility (ESAF) for its low-income members. In order to explain these developments to the general public, the Managing Director, the Deputy Managing Director, and senior staff delivered speeches on a wide range of domestic, regional, and global economic issues to both international and national forums. At the same time, to respond to demands for more transparency about the work of the Fund, on-the-record interviews were given to a broad spectrum of media outlets, both printed and electronic. Moreover, Fund staff members delivered papers and participated in a wide range of conferences, seminars, and symposiums. A seminar for nonofficials on “Macroeconomic Structural and Social Policies for Growth: The Evolving Latin American Experience,” was held in Mangaratiba, Brazil, in March 1994; and two regional press seminars were held, in Accra for the West African press and in Vienna for the Central European press.
Meanwhile, the Fund’s contacts with the international news media expanded rapidly during the year, with continued emphasis on the economies in transition. Management and senior staff actively developed these contacts through interviews, press conferences, and briefings to the press both at headquarters and in the field, to explain major issues and developments. At headquarters and during field missions, staff made presentations on the role and work of the Fund to representatives of the press and to academic, labor, political, and nongovernmental groups in Africa, Europe, Latin America, North America, and the Baltic countries, Russia, and other countries of the former Soviet Union. As of the end of the financial year, more than two hundred staff members had taken media training courses to prepare themselves for press relations, both at Fund headquarters and overseas.
During the fiscal year, the Fund strengthened its relations with nongovernmental organizations, the U.S. Congress, research institutes, private businesses, labor unions, and universities. A number of economic forums and international seminars were held at the IMF Visitors’ Center. A seminar on macroeconomic policy and the environment brought together representatives of leading environmental organizations to discuss the interrelationship between environmental matters and macroeconomic policy.
During the financial year 1993/94, the Fund’s publications program continued at a high level. These publications constitute an important vehicle through which the Fund informs the membership and the public at large of its activities and of related monetary and financial issues. In addition to the substantial program of publications in English, a large number of publications were also translated into Russian for distribution in the Baltic countries, Russia, and other countries of the former Soviet Union. Others were made available in Chinese translation for distribution in China through a cooperative arrangement with the China Financial Publishing House.
The World Economic Outlook was published twice during the year in English, French, Spanish, and Arabic editions Effective with the May 1993 edition. this publication was redesigned in a four-color format. Other publications issued in the series of World Economic and Financial Surveys included background studies for the World Economic Outlook, studies of international capital markets, international trade developments, and private and official capital flows to developing countries.
Eight Occasional Papers were published during the year, covering such topics as developments in individual member countries, central bank credit, the world gold market, and the experience of countries with programs under the ESAF.
The Economic Reviews series, which was launched in 1992 with the publication of studies of the economies of the Baltic countries, Russia, and other countries of the former U.S.S.R., was broadened to include other country studies. The first of these, on Nepal, was published in December 1993. A number of the studies were translated into Russian.
The IMF Survey published a special supplement (in English and French) on the realignment of the CFA franc and the economic growth strategy of the franc zone members. Also, an Arabic edition of the IMF Survey Supplement was introduced (in addition to the existing editions in English, French, Spanish, and Russian).
In the statistical field, a ten-year effort by five international agencies came to fruition with the publication in December 1993 of the System of National Accounts. The Fund played an active role in the management and drafting of this publication, and in organizing meetings of experts on this subject.
Under the program of marketing Fund publications, special attention was given to promoting the World Economic Outlook and related publications and to expanding the distribution of statistical information on CD-ROM format. A complete list of publications issued during the financial year appears in Table III.1.
Table III. 1Publications Issued, Financial Year Ended April 30, 1994
Reports and Other Documents
Annual Report of the Executive Board for the Financial Year Ended April 30. 1993
(English. French. German, and Spanish). Free.
Articles of Agreement of the International Monetary Fund 1993 edition (English, French, and Spanish). Free.
By-Laws, Rules and Regulations
Fiftieth Issue (English, French, Spanish). Free.
Exchange Arrangements and Exchange Restrictions, Annual Report 1993
$70.00 ($35.00 to full-time university faculty members and students).
Selected Decisions of the International Monetary Fund and Selected Documents, Eighteenth Issue (English). Free.
Summary Proceedings of the Forty-Eighth Annual Meeting of the
Periodic Publications
Balance of Payments Statistics Yearbook Vol. 44. A two-part yearbook. $56.00 a year.
Quarterly, with yearbook. $96.00 a year. $48.00 to full-time university faculty members and students. $30.00 for yearbook only.
Government Finance Statistics Yearbook
Vol. 17, 1993. (Introduction and titles of lines in English, French,
and Spanish) $54.00.
Monthly, with yearbook (English, French, and Spanish). $218.00 a year. $109.00 to full-time university faculty members and students $50.00 for yearbook only.
Four times a year. $50.00 a year. $25.00 to full-time university faculty members and students.
The five publications listed above may be obtained at a special rate of $330.00 ($165.00 to full-time university faculty members and students).
Magnetic tape subscriptions to Balance of Payments Statistics Yearbook, Direction of Trade Statistics, Government Finance Statistics Yearbook, and International Financial Statistics are also available. International Financial Statistics is also available on CD-ROM. Price information is available on request.
The IMF Committee on Balance of Payments Statistics, Annual Report 1993
Issued jointly with the World Bank: quarterly (English, Arabic, Chinese, French, German, Portuguese, and Spanish). Free. Airspeed delivery, $20.00.
Twice monthly, but only once in December (English, French, and Spanish). Private firms and individuals are charged at an annual rate of $79.00.
No. 104. Price Liberalization in Russia: Behavior of Prices, Household Incomes, and Consumption During the First Year By Vincent Koen and Steven Phillips.
No. 105. The Structure and Operation of the World Gold Market By Gary O’Caliaghan.
No. 106. Economic Adjustment in Low-Income Countries: Experience Under the Enhanced Structural Adjustment Facility (English and French)
By Susan Schadler, Franek Rozwadowski, Siddharth Tiwari, and David O. Robinson.
No. 107. China at the Threshold of a Market Economy
By Michael W. Bell, Hoe Ee Khor, and Kalpana Kochhar, with
Jun Ma, Simon N’guiamba, Rajiv Lall.
No. 108. Recent Experiences with Surges in Capital Inflows By Susan Schadler, Maria Carkovic, Adam Bennett, and Robert Kahn.
No. 109. The Path to Convertibility and Growth: The Tunisian Experience
By Saleh M. Nsouli, Sena Eken, Paul Duran, Gerwin Bell, and Zuhtu Yucelik.
No. 110. Limiting Central Bank Credit to the Government: Theory
and Practice
By Carlo Cottareili.
No. 111. The Russian Federation in Transition: External Developments
By Benedicte Vibe Christensen.
Occasional Papers No 80-86 are available (or $10.00 each, with a special price of $7.50 each to full-time university faculty members and students, and Nos. 90-111 are $15.00 each, with a special price of $12.00 each to full-time university faculty members and students.
World Economic Outlook: A Survey by the Staff of the
(May 1993) (Arabic, English, French, and Spanish).
$30.00 ($20.00 to full-time university faculty members and
students).
World Economic Outlook: A Survey by the Staff of the International Monetary Fund
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APPENDIX IV Principal Policy Decisions of the Executive Board
A. Access Policy—Guidelines on Access Limits—Review
Pursuant to Decision No. 10181 (92/132),1 adopted November 3, 1992, the Fund has reviewed the guidelines and the access limits for access by members to the Fund’s general resources under the credit tranches and the extended Fund facility, and decides that they remain appropriate in the present circumstances.
Decision No. 10500-(93/148)
B. Debt- and Debt-Service-Reduction Operations—Early Repurchase Expectations—Amendment
The introductory paragraph of Decision No. 9331-(89/167),2 adopted December 19, 1989, as amended, is amended to read as follows:
In the context of the guidelines on the role of the Fund in the debt strategy, the Fund adopts the following decision on expectations of early repurchase by members with respect to purchases of additional resources under stand-by or extended arrangements or amounts set aside under such arrangements for use in debt- and debt-service-reduction operations involving (i) debt reduction, (ii) interest support, or (iii) collateralization of principal in reduced interest par bond exchanges.
Section A, paragraph 1 is amended to read as follows:
Whenever the Fund approves a member’s request for purchases of additional resources or amounts set aside under a stand-by or extended arrangement pursuant to the Fund’s guidelines on the role of the Fund in the debt strategy, the Fund shall specify in the decision approving the request the purposes for which, and the period of time within which, such set-aside amounts or additional resources can be used.
Section B, paragraph 4(a) is amended to read as follows:
If the program of a member that has previously made accelerated purchases of amounts set aside under a stand-by or extended arrangement is off track on the date a purchase becomes available under the phasing provision in the arrangement, and is not back on track within 90 days after that date, the Managing Director shall report the matter to the Executive Board promptly after the expiration of the 90-day period.
A new paragraph 11 shall be added to Section C, to read as follows (the paragraphs of Section D to be renumbered accordingly):
For purposes of this Section, and with respect to Fund resources made available in accordance with the amended guidelines on the role of the Fund in the debt strategy…, in cases where debt or debt-service reduction operations include the establishment of a collateral, any portion of the collateral that has not been financed from additional resources from international financial institutions other than the Fund shall be deemed to be financed first from additional resources from the Fund and, subsequently, from other resources.
Decision No. 10547-(94/1)
C. Fund’s Income Position
(a) Burden Sharing—Implementation During the First Quarter of FY 1995
Section I. Principles of “Burden Sharing”
1. The financial consequences for the Fund which stem from the existence of overdue financial obligations shall be shared between debtor and creditor member countries.
2. The sharing shall be applied in a simultaneous and symmetrical fashion.
Section II. Determination of the Rate of Charge
1. During the first quarter of financial year 1995, the rate of charge for financial year 1995 referred to in Rule 1-6(4) shall be adjusted in accordance with the provisions of Section IV.
2. When estimating income for purposes of Rule I-6(4)(a) and (b), no projection shall be made of deferred income. The calculation of actual net income under Rule I-6(4)(b) shall include the proceeds of adjustments for deferred income under Section IV, paragraph 2.
Section III. Amount for Special Contingent Account
An amount equivalent to 1.25 percent of the Fund’s reserves at the beginning of the financial year shall be generated during the first quarter of financial year 1995 in accordance with the provisions of Section IV, and shall be placed to the Special Contingent Account 1 referred to in Decision No. 9471-(90/98),3 adopted June 20, 1990.
Section IV. Implementation of Burden Sharing
1. During the first quarter of financial year 1995, notwithstanding Rule 1-6(4)(a) and (b) and Rule 1-10, the rate of charge referred to in Rule 1-6(4) and the rate of remuneration prescribed in Rule M0 shall be adjusted in accordance with the provisions of this Section.
2. (a) In order to generate the amount to be placed to the Special Contingent Account 1 in accordance with Section III, the rate of charge, and, subject to the limitation in (c), the rate of remuneration, shall be adjusted in accordance with the provisions of this paragraph, so as to produce equal amounts of income.
(b) If income from charges becomes deferred during the adjustment period as defined in (d), the rate of charge and, subject to the limitation in (c), the rate of remuneration, shall be further adjusted, in accordance with the provisions of this paragraph, so as to generate, in equal amounts, an additional amount of income equal to the amount of deferred charges. For the purposes of this provision, special charges on overdue financial obligations under Decision No. 8165-(85/189) G/TR,4 adopted December 30, 1985. as amended, shall not be taken into account.
(c) No adjustment in the rate of remuneration under this paragraph shall be carried to the point where the average remuneration coefficient would be reduced below 85 percent for an adjustment period.
(d) The adjustments under this paragraph shall be made as of May 1, 1994 shortly after July 31 for the period of May 1 to July 31.
3. (a) Subject to paragraph 3 of Decision No. 8780-(88/12),5 adopted January 29, 1988, the balances held in the Special Contingent Account 1 shall be distributed in accordance with the provisions of this paragraph to members that have paid additional charges or have received reduced remuneration as a result of the adjustment, when there are no outstanding overdue charges and repurchases, or at such earlier time as the Fund may decide.
(b) An amount equal to the proceeds of any adjustment for deferred charges shall be distributed, in accordance with the provisions of this paragraph, to members that have paid additional charges or have received reduced remuneration, when, and to the extent that, charges, the deferral of which had given rise to the same adjustment, are paid to the Fund. Distributions under this provision shall be made quarterly.
(c) Distributions under (a) or (b) shall be made in proportion to the amounts that have been paid or have not been received by each member as a result of the respective adjustments.
(d) If a member that is entitled to a payment under this paragraph has any overdue obligation to the Fund in the General Department at the time of payment, the member’s claim under this paragraph shall be set off against the Fund’s claim in accordance with Decision No. 8271-(86/74),6 adopted April 30, 1986, or any subsequent decision of the Fund.
(e) Subject to paragraph 4 of Decision No. 8780-(88/12),5 adopted January 29, 1988, if any loss is charged against the Special Contingent Account 1, it shall be recorded in accordance with the principles of proportionality set forth in (c).
Decision No. 10660-(94/38)
(b) Special Contingent Account (SCA-2)—Review
Effective February 1, 1994, the words “by 0.26 percentage point” in paragraph 2(a) of Decision No. 9471-(90/98),7 adopted June 20, 1990, as amended by Decision No. 10341-(93/54),8 adopted April 14, 1993, shall be replaced by the words “by 0.04 percentage point.” provided that no further adjustments to the rate of charge shall be made under this decision when an amount equal to SDR 250 million has been generated from adjustments to the rate of charge under this decision. If by August 1,1994, no decision on the implementation of burden sharing for FY 1995 has been adopted, the existing wording of Decision No. 9471-(90/98),7 adopted June 20, 1990, as amended by Decision No. 10341-(93/54),8 adopted April 14, 1993, on extended burden sharing shall be reinstated.
(c) Disposition of Net Income for FY 1994
The Fund’s net income for financial year 1994, equal to SDR 74, 149, 193, shall be placed to the Special Reserve.
(d) Net Income Target for FY 1995; Rate of Charge on Use of Fund Resources; and Retroactive Reduction of Rate of Charge for FY 1995 and Increase in Net Income Target for FY 1996
1. The target amount of net income for financial year 1995 shall be 5 percent of the Fund’s reserves at the beginning of the financial year.
2. Effective May 1, 1994, the proportion of the rate of charge referred to in Rule 1-6(4) to the SDR interest rate under Rule T-l shall be 115.1 percent.
3. Any net income for financial year 1995 in excess of the target amount of net income of 5 percent of the Fund’s reserves at the beginning of that financial year shall be used to reduce retroactively the proportion of the rate of charge to the SDR interest rate for financial year 1995. If net income for financial year 1995 is below the target amount for that year, the net income target for financial year 1996 shall be increased by the equivalent of that shortfall.
(e) Burden Sharing—Implementation During the Second Through Fourth Quarters of FY 1995
1. During the second through fourth quarters of financial year 1995, the rate of charge for financial year 1995 referred to in Rule 1-6(4) shall be adjusted in accordance with the provisions of Section IV.
2. When estimating income for purposes of Rule l-6(4)(a) and (b), no projection shall be made of deferred income. The calculation of actual net income under Rule E-6(4)(b) shall include the proceeds of adjustments for deferred income under Section IV, paragraph 2.
Section III. Amount for Special Contingent Account 1
An amount equivalent to 1.25 percent of the Fund’s reserves at the beginning of the financial year shall be generated each quarter during the second through fourth quarters of financial year 1995 in accordance with the provisions of Section IV, and shall be placed to the Special Contingent Account 1 referred to in Decision No. 9471-(90/98)9 adopted June 20, 1990.
1. During the second through fourth quarters of financial year 1995, notwithstanding Rule 1-6(4)(a) and (b) and Rule 1-10, the rate of charge referred to in Rule 1-6(4) and the rate of remuneration prescribed in Rule 1-10 shall be adjusted in accordance with the provisions of this Section.
2.(a) In order to generate the amount to be placed to the Special Contingent Account 1 in accordance with Section III, the rate of charge and, subject to the limitation in (c), the rate of remuneration, shall be adjusted in accordance with the provisions of this paragraph, so as to produce equal amounts of income.
(b) If income from charges becomes deferred during an adjustment period as defined in (d), the rate of charge and, subject to the limitation in (c), the rate of remuneration, shall be further adjusted, in accordance with the provisions of this paragraph, so as to generate, in equal amounts, an additional amount of income equal to the amount of deferred charges. For the purposes of this provision, special charges on overdue financial obligations under Decision No. 8165-(85/189) G/TR,10 adopted December 30, 1985, as amended, shall not be taken into account.
(d) The adjustments under this paragraph shall be made as of August 1, 1994, November 1,1994, and February 1, 1995:
—shortly after October 31 for the period August 1 to October 31;
—shortly after January 31 for the period November 1 to January 31;
—shortly after April 30 for the period February 1 to April 30.
(e) The operation of this decision shall be reviewed when the adjustment in the rate of remuneration reduces the remuneration coefficient to the limit in (c) above.
3. (a) Subject to paragraph 3 of Decision No 8780-(88/12),11 adopted January 29, 1988, the balances held in the Special Contingent Account 1 shall be distributed in accordance with the provisions of this paragraph to members that have paid additional charges or have received reduced remuneration as a result of the adjustment, when there are no outstanding overdue charges and repurchases, or at such earlier time as the Fund may decide.
(d) If a member that is entitled to a payment under this paragraph has any overdue obligation to the Fund in the General Department at the time of payment, the member’s claim under this paragraph shall be set off against the Fund’s claim in accordance with Decision No. 8271-(86/74),12 adopted April 30, 1986, or any subsequent decision of the Fund.
(e) Subject to paragraph 4 of Decision No. 8780-(88/12),11 adopted January 29, 1988, if any loss is charged against the Special Contingent Account 1, it shall be recorded in accordance with the principles of proportionality set forth in (c).
Decision 10706-(94-52)
D. Stand-By and Extended Arrangements—Standard Forms
The Executive Board approves the standard forms of stand-by and extended arrangements contained in Attachments A and B…, and the standard clauses contained in Attachment C…, to be added to those arrangements in cases of requests for (i) a decision on external contingency financing under the compensatory and contingency financing facility in association with an arrangement, or (ii) set-asides in support of operations involving debt reduction.
Form of Stand-By Arrangement
Attached hereto is a letter [, with annexed memorandum,] dated______from (Minister of Finance and/or Governor of Central Bank) requesting a stand-by arrangement and setting forth:
(a)the objectives and policies that the authorities of (member) intend to pursue for the period of this stand-by arrangement;
(b)the policies and measures that the authorities of (member) intend to pursue during the [first year] of this stand-by arrangement; and
(c)understandings of (member) with the Fund regarding [a] review[s] that will be made of progress in realizing the objectives of the program and of the policies and measures that the authorities of (member) will pursue for the remaining period of this stand-by arrangement.
To support these objectives and policies the International Monetary Fund grants this stand-by arrangement in accordance with the following provisions:
1. [For a period of____years from____] [For the period from_____to_____] (member) will have the right to make purchases from the Fund in an amount equivalent to SDR ____ million, subject to paragraphs 2, 3, 4, and 5 below, without further review by the Fund.
2. (a) Purchases under this stand-by arrangement shall not, without the consent of the Fund, exceed the equivalent of SDR____million, provided that purchases shall not exceed the equivalent of SDR____million until____and the equivalent of SDR_million until ___
(b) The right of (member) to make purchases during the remaining period of this stand-by arrangement shall be subject to such phasing as shall be determined.
(c) None of the limits in (a) or (b) above shall apply to a purchase under this stand-by arrangement that would not increase the Fund’s holdings of (member’s) currency subject to repurchase beyond 25 percent of quota.
3. (Member) will not make purchases under this stand-by arrangement that would increase the Fund’s holdings of (member’s) currency subject to repurchase beyond 25 percent of quota:
(a)during any period in which the data at the end of the preceding period indicate that13
(i) [the limit on net international reserves of [Central Bank] described in paragraph-of the
attached [letter] [memorandum]], or
(ii) [the limit on the net domestic borrowing of the public sector described in paragraph_of the attached [letter] [memorandum]], or
(iii) [the limit on the net domestic assets of the Central Bank described in paragraph_of the attached [letter] [memorandum]], or
(iv) [these provisions would incorporate other [quantitative or structural] performance criteria monitored at the end of the preceding period]
[specified in [Tables 1, 2,3, and 4] [paragraphs.....], respectively, of the [letter] [memorandum]] is not observed: or
(b)[if at anv time during the period of the arrangement] [while]
(i) [the limit on the contracting and guaranteeing of external public debt with original maturity of____described in paragraph____of the attached [letter] [memorandum]], or
(ii) [the limit on external payments arrears described in paragraph_of the attached [letter] [memorandum], or
(iii) [these provisions would incorporate other [quantitative or structural] performance criteria continuously monitured]
[specified in [Tables 5,6 and 7] [paragraphs ....], respectively, of the [letter] [memorandum]] is not observed, or
(c) after......and.......until the respective review[s] contemplated in paragraph____of the attached [letter] [memorandum] is [are] completed, or
(d) if at any time during the period of the stand-by arrangement (member)
(i) imposes or intensifies restrictions on the making of payments and transfers for current international transactions; or
(ii) introduces or modifies multiple currency practices: or
(iii) concludes bilateral payments agreements which are inconsistent with Article VIII: or
(iv) imposes or intensifies import restrictions for balance of payments reasons.
When (member) is prevented from purchasing under this stand-by arrangement because of this paragraph 3, purchases will be resumed only after consultation has taken place between the Fund and (member) and understandings have been reached regarding the circumstances in which such purchases can be resumed.
4. (Member) will not make purchases under this stand-by arrangement during any period in which (member) has an overdue financial obligation to the Fund or is failing to meet a repurchase expectation (a) in respect of a noncomplying purchase pursuant to Decision No. 7842-(84/165)14 on the Guidelines on Corrective Action, or (b) in respect of a purchase in support of debt and debt service reduction operations pursuant to Decision No. 9331-(89/167),15 as amended, or (c) pursuant to subparagraph 16(a) or 33(a) of Decision No. 8955-(88/126),16 as amended, on the Compensatory and Contingency Financing Facility.
5. (Member’s) right to engage in the transactions covered by this stand-by arrangement can be suspended only with respect to requests received by the Fund after (a) a formal ineligibility, or (b) a decision of the Executive Board to suspend transactions, either generally or in order to consider a proposal, made by an Executive Director or the Managing Director, formally to suppress or to limit the eligibility of (member). When notice of a decision of formal ineligibility or of a decision to consider a proposal is given pursuant to this paragraph 5, purchases under this arrangement will be resumed only after consultation has taken place between the Fund and (member) and understandings have been reached regarding the circumstances in which such purchases can be resumed.
6. Purchases under this stand-by arrangement shall be made in the currencies of other members selected in accordance with the policies and procedures of the Fund, unless, at the request of (member), the Fund agrees to provide SDRs at the time of the purchase.
7. (Member) shall pay a charge for this stand-by arrangement in accordance with the decisions of the Fund.
8. (a) (Member) shall repurchase the amount of its currency that results from a purchase under this stand-by arrangement in accordance with the provisions of the Articles of Agreement and decisions of the Fund, including those relating to repurchase as (member’s) balance of payments and reserve position improves.
(b) Any reductions in (member’s) currency held by the Fund shall reduce the amounts subject to repurchase under (a) above in accordance with the principles applied by the Fund for this purpose at the time of the reduction.
9. During the period of the stand-by arrangement (member) shall remain in close consultation with the Fund. These consultations may include correspondence and visits of officials of the Fund to (member) or of representatives of (member) to the Fund. (Member) shall provide the Fund, through reports at intervals or dates requested by the Fund, with such information as the Fund requests in connection with the progress of (member) in achieving the objectives and policies set forth in the attached letter [and annexed memorandum].
10. In accordance with paragraph____of the attached letter, (member) will consult the Fund on the adoption of any measures that may be appropriate at the initiative of the government or whenever the Managing Director requests consultation because any of the criteria in paragraph 3 above have not been observed or because the Managing Director considers that consultation on the program is desirable. In addition, after the period of the arrangement and while (member) has outstanding purchases in the upper credit tranches, the government will consult with the Fund from time to time, at the initiative of the government or at the request of the Managing Director, concerning (member’s) balance of payments policies.
Form of Extended Arrangement
Attached hereto is a letter [, with annexed memorandum,] dated________from (Minister of Finance and/or Governor of the Central Bank) requesting an extended arrangement and setting forth:
(a) the objectives and policies that the authorities of (member) intend to pursue for the period of this extended arrangement;
(b) the policies and measures that the authorities of (member) intend to pursue during the first year of this extended arrangement; and
(c) understandings of (member) with the Fund regarding reviews that will be made of progress in realizing the objectives of the program and of the policies and measures that the authorities of (member) will pursue for the second and third years of this extended arrangement.
To support these objectives and policies the International Monetary Fund grants this extended arrangement in accordance with the following provisions:
1. For a period of [three years] from____(member) will have the right to make purchases from the Fund in an amount equivalent to SDR____million, subject to paragraphs2, 3, 4, and 5 below, without further review by the Fund.
2.(a) Purchases under this extended arrangement shall not. without the consent of the Fund, exceed the equivalent of SDR___million until____, the equivalent of SDR____million until______the equivalent of SDR_____million until______, and the equivalent of SDR ____million until_____.
(b) Until (end of second year) purchases under this extended arrangement shall not, without the consent of the Fund, exceed the equivalent of SDR____million.
(c) The right of (member) to make purchases during the second and third years shall be subject to such phasing as shall be determined.
3. (Member) shall not make purchases under this extended arrangement:
(a) during any period in which the data at the end of the preceding period indicate that17
(i) [the limit on net international reserves of [Central Bank] described in paragraph_of the attached [letter] [memorandum]], or
(ii) [the limit on net domestic borrowing of the public sector described in paragraph_of the attached [letter] [memorandum]], or
[specified in [Tables 1, 2,3, and 4] [paragraphs.....], respectively, of the [letter] [memorandum]] is not observed; or
(b) [if at any time during the period of the arrangement] [while]
(i) [the limit on the contracting or guaranteeing of external public debt with original maturity of___ described in paragraph____of the attached [letter] [memorandum]], or
(ii) [the limit on external payments arrears described in paragraph_of the attached [letter] [memorandum]], or
(iii) [these provisions would incorporate other [quantitative or structural] performance criteria continuously monitored]
[specified in [Tables 5, 6 and 7] [paragraphs .....], respectively, of the [letter] [memorandum]], is not observed, or
(c) after......and.......until the review[s] contemplated in paragraph_of the attached [letter] [memorandum] is [are] completed, or
(d) if at any time during the period of the extended arrangement (member)
(ii) introduces or modifies multiple currency practices; or
When (member) is prevented from purchasing under this extended arrangement because of this paragraph 3, purchases will be resumed only after consultation has taken place between the Fund and (member) and understandings have been reached regarding the circumstances in which such purchases can be resumed.
4. (Member) will not make purchases under this extended arrangement during any period in which (member) has an overdue financial obligation to the Fund or is failing to meet a repurchase expectation (a) in respect of a noncomplying purchase pursuant to Decision No. 7842-(84/165)18 on the Guidelines on Corrective Action, or (b) in respect of a purchase in support of debt and debt service reduction operations pursuant to Decision No. 9331-(89/167).19 as amended, or (c) pursuant to subparagraph 16(a) or 33(a) of Decision No. 8955-(88/126),20 as amended, on the Compensatory and Contingency Financing Facility.
5. (Member’s) right to engage in the transactions covered by this extended arrangement can be suspended only with respect to requests received by the Fund after (a) a formal ineligibility, or (b) a decision of the Executive Board to suspend transactions, either generally or in order to consider a proposal, made by an Executive Director or the Managing Director, formally to suppress or to limit the eligibility of (member). When notice of a decision of formal ineligibility or of a decision to consider a proposal is given pursuant to this paragraph 5, purchases under this arrangement will be resumed only after consultation has taken place between the Fund and (member) and understandings have been reached regarding the circumstances in which such purchases can be resumed.
6. Purchases under this extended arrangement shall be made in the currencies of other members selected in accordance with the policies and procedures of the Fund, unless, at the request of (member), the Fund agrees to provide SDRs at the time of the purchase.
7. (Member) shall pay a charge for this extended arrangement in accordance with the decisions of the Fund.
8. (a) (Member) shall repurchase the amount of its currency that results from a purchase under this extended arrangement in accordance with the provisions of the Articles of Agreement and decisions of the Fund, including those relating to repurchase as (member’s) balance of payments and reserve position improves.
9. During the period of the extended arrangement (member) shall remain in close consultation with the Fund. These consultations may include correspondence and visits of officials of the Fund to (member) or of representatives of (member) to the Fund. (Member) shall provide the Fund, through reports at intervals or dates requested by the Fund, with such information as the Fund requests in connection with the progress of (member)in achieving the objectives and policies set forth in the attached letter [and annexed memorandum].
10. In accordance with paragraph____of the attached letter, (member) will consult with the Fund on the adoption of any measures that may be appropriate at the initiative of the government or whenever the Managing Director requests consultation because any of the criteria in paragraph 3 above have not been observed or because the Managing Director considers that consultation on the program is desirable. In addition, after the period of the arrangement and while (member) has outstanding purchases under this arrangement, the government will consult with the Fund from time to time, at the initiative of the government or at the request of the Managing Director, concerning (member’s) balance of payments policies.
Attachment C
(i) Standard Clause on External Contingency Mechanism
(To be inserted in the introductory section of the requested [stand-by] [extended] arrangement, in which case that section will be broken into two subparagraphs)
b. a decision that, should adverse external contingencies occur during the period of the program supported by the [stand-by] [extended] arrangement, the Fund will provide in association with this [stand-by] [extended] arrangement, external contingency financing up to a maximum amount equivalent to SDR___million under the Compensatory and Contingency Financing Facility (Decision No. 8955-(88/126), adopted August 23, 1988, as amended) and in accordance with the factors set out in [memorandum/other relevant document], with the understanding that, should favorable external contingencies occur during such period, the Fund may make adjustments of up to SDR___million under paragraph 22 of that decision, in accordance with the factors set out in [memorandum/other relevant document].
(ii) Standard Clauses on Set Asides in Support of Operations Involving Debt Reduction
(To be inserted in paragraph 2 of the requested [stand-by] [extended] arrangement)
(d)Each amount that would be available in accordance with paragraphs 1[,] [and] 2(a), [2(b), and 2(c)] above shall be reduced by an amount equivalent to [25 percent], and these set aside amounts shall be made available in accordance with the terms of this [stand-by] [extended] arrangement and subject to the following conditions:
(i) (member) represents that it has a need to make the requested purchase because of use of its reserves or impending payments for the discharge of liabilities under operations involving debt reduction; and
(ii) the Fund determines that the requested purchase is needed in accordance with (member’s) representation and that the debt reduction involved is consistent with the objectives of the program and the guidelines on Fund involvement in the debt strategy.
(e)If requested by (member), the Fund may decide to make available to (member), notwithstanding the phasing specified under (a), (b) and (c) above, an amount not exceeding the equivalent of [25 percent] of the total of purchases that may be made by (member) during the remainder of this [stand-by] [extended] arrangement. In that event, the right of (member) to make purchases under this [stand-by] [extended] arrangement shall be subject to such phasing and deduction of amounts for debt reduction as shall be determined.
(f) If requested by (member), the Fund may decide to discontinue the deduction of amounts for debt reduction under (d) and (e) above if the Fund determines that the objectives of (member’s) program supported by this [stand-by] [extended] arrangement can be achieved without such deductions.
E. Special Disbursement Account (SDA)—Review of Structural Adjustment Facility (SAF), Termination of Authority to Make Commitments to Provide Assistance from SAF in Conjunction with Loans from ESAF Trust, and Transfer of Resources from SDA to ESAF Trust
1. The Fund has reviewed the operation of the Structural Adjustment Facility (SAF) within the Special Disbursement Account (SDA) and decides that from the date this decision becomes effective it will no longer approve commitments to provide assistance from the SAF in conjunction with loans from the Enhanced Structural Adjustment Facility Trust (ESAF Trust).
2. With the exception of the resources that have been or are to be transferred to the Reserve Account of the ESAF Trust pursuant to subparagraphs 1(i), 1(ii), or 1(iii) of Decision No. 8760-(87/176),21 as amended, (i) SDR 260 million of the resources held in the SDA derived from the termination of the 1976 Trust Fund shall be maintained in that account for further use under the SAF, and (ii) SDR 400 million of the resources held or to be received by the SDA that are derived from the termination of the 1976 Trust Fund shall be transferred promptly after the effectiveness of this decision to the Subsidy Account of the ESAF Trust for the subsidization of ESAF Trust loans. Accordingly, Decision No. 8760-(87/176),21 as amended, is further amended by adding at the end of subparagraph l(iv) the following: “and that have not been transferred to the Subsidy Account of the ESAF Trust in accordance with Decision No. 10531-(93/170) SAF.”
Decision No. 10531 (93/170) SAF
F. Enhanced Structural Adjustment Facility
(a) Enhanced Structural Adjustment Facility Trust—Extension and Enlargement
1. The Fund adopts the following decisions [Decision No. 10531-(93/170) SAF through Decision No. 10535-(93/170) SAF],22 which shall become effective when (i) the Executive Board has determined that sufficient contributions to the Loan and Subsidy Accounts of the Enhanced Structural Adjustment Facility Trust (ESAF Trust) are committed or in firm prospect to initiate operations under the enlarged and amended ESAF Trust, and (ii) all creditors to the Loan Account of the ESAF Trust have consented to the partial transfer to the Subsidy Account of the ESAF Trust of resources from the Special Disbursement Account that were to be transferred to the Reserve Account of the ESAF Trust in accordance with Decision No. 8760-(87/176),21 adopted December 18, 1987, as amended.
2. The period for making commitments specified in Section II, subparagraph 1(d) of the ESAF Trust Instrument is extended until February 28, 1994 or the date of effectiveness of the decisions referred to in paragraph 1 of this decision, whichever is earlier.
Decision No. 10530-(93/170) ESAF
(b) Enhanced Structural Adjustment Facility Trust Instrument-Amendment
The Instrument to Establish the Enhanced Structural Adjustment Facility Trust annexed to Decision No. 8759-(87/176) ESAF,23 adopted December 18, 1987, as amended. shall be further amended as follows:
In Section II, subparagraph 1(d), “December 31, 1993” shall be substituted for “November 30, 1993.” to read as follows:
(d) Commitments under three-year arrangements may be made during the period from January 1, 1988 to December 31, 1993.
The Instrument to Establish the Enhanced Structural Adjustment Facility Trust annexed to Decision No. 8759-(87/176) ESAF,23 as amended, shall be further amended as follows:
(i) Section II, Paragraph 1:
subparagraph (a) shall be substituted by the following:
(a)The members on the list annexed to Decision No. 8240-(86/56) SAF,24 as amended, shall be eligible for assistance from the Trust.
subparagraph (b) shall be substituted by the following:
(b)This assistance shall be committed to a qualifying member, subject to this Instrument, for a three-year period upon approval by the Fund of a three-year arrangement in support of a three-year macroeconomic and structural adjustment program presented by the member. The three-year arrangement will prescribe the total amount, and the annual amounts within the total, committed to the member. Resources so committed shall be made available in the form of loans under three annual arrangements approved by the Fund. An annual arrangement may not be approved before the expiration of the preceding annual arrangement, other than under exceptional circumstances. After the expiration of the original three year commitment period for an eligible member, the Trustee may approve a new three-year commitment for that member on the same conditions and terms as under the original commitment in accordance with the Instrument.
in subparagraph (c), the requirement that the Fund must be satisfied that the member has a protracted balance of payments problem is added, to read as follows:
(c) Before approving a three-year arrangement, the Trustee shall be satisfied that the member has a protracted balance of payments problem and is making an effort to strengthen substantially and in a sustainable manner its balance of payments position.
in subparagraph (d), “December 31, 1996” shall be substituted for “November 30, 1993,” to read as follows:
(d)Commitments under three-year arrangements may be made during the period from January 1, 1988 to December 31, 1996.
in subparagraph (e), “under a three-year commitment” shall be added after “eligible member” in the first sentence, the second sentence shall become the third sentence, and a new second sentence shall be added so that the provision shall read as follows:
(e)After the expiration of the third annual arrangement for an eligible member under a three year commitment, the Trustee may approve an additional annual arrangement for that member, if it is satisfied that the performance of the member under the arrangement has been satisfactory and that the member has adopted appropriately strong measures in response to its external circumstances in an effort to strengthen substantially and in a sustainable manner its balance of payments position. The Trustee may extend the period of the additional arrangement to allow the disbursement of undisbursed amounts. Subject to appropriate conditions consistent with the terms of assistance under this Instrument. Commitments under such additional annual arrangements shall be within the access limits determined in accordance with paragraph 2 of this Section and may be made during the period specified in (d) above.
current subparagraph (f) shall be deleted and a new subparagraph (f) shall be added as follows:
(f) If a three-year commitment to an eligible member has expired with undrawn amounts, the Trustee may approve a new commitment for that member, subject to this Instrument, provided that the member submits a three-year macroeconomic and structural adjustment program and that the amount of resources that could be made available under the new commitment approved in accordance with this subparagraph shall not exceed the undrawn amounts under the expired commitment. The new commitment may be made under a one-year or two-year arrangement as the case may be, with the annual access to be determined on the basis of the strength of the member’s program and its balance of payments need.
(ii) Section II, Paragraph 2:
in subparagraph (a), the words “and in any event not later than March 31, 1989” shall be deleted;
subparagraph (c) shall be substituted by the following:
(c) The access for each member that qualifies for assistance from the Trust shall be determined on the basis of an assessment by the Trustee of the balance of payments need of the member, the strength of its adjustment program, the amount of the member’s outstanding use of credit extended by the Fund, and its record in using Fund credit in the past.
(iii) Section II, Paragraph 3:
the following new subparagraph (b) shall be added and current subparagraphs (b) and (c) shall become subparagraphs (c) and (d), respectively:
(b) Disbursements under an annual arrangement must precede the expiration of the period of that arrangement and be made prior to the expiration of the three-year commitment period. The Trustee may extend the period of the three-year commitment to allow the disbursement of undisbursed amounts, subject to appropriate conditions consistent with the terms of assistance under this Instrument.
Disbursements under each annual arrangement shall be made in two installments, the first after approval of the corresponding arrangement, and the second after the conditions established under the arrangement for that disbursement have been met, or if not met, after consultation has taken place between the Trustee and the member, and understandings have been reached regarding the circumstances in which the member may request the disbursement of that installment.
in new subparagraph (d), the phrase “the period specified in Section III, paragraph 3” shall be amended to read “the period referred to in Section III, paragraph 3.”
(iv) Section II, Paragraph 4:
subparagraph (c) shall be amended to read as follows:
(c) The Trustee may not reschedule the repayment of loans from the Trust.
(v) Section III:
Paragraph 3 shall be substituted by the following:
Commitments for drawings under loan agreements to the Loan Account of the ESAF Trust that were entered into before November 30, 1993 shall extend through December 31, 1997, and under loan agreements that are entered into after November 30, 1993 shall extend through December 31, 1999. The drawdown period may be extended by mutual agreement between the Trustee and the lender. The Managing Director is authorized to conclude such agreements on behalf of the Trustee.
subparagraph 4(a) shall be amended to read as follows:
(a)Drawings on the commitments of individual lenders over time shall be made so as to maintain broad proportionality of these drawings relative to commitments, provided that the Trustee will aim to draw fully all loans entered into prior to November 30, 1993 before calling on loans entered into after that date.
the first sentence in subparagraph 4(b) shall be substituted by the following:
(b)Calls on a lender’s commitment shall be suspended temporarily if. at any time prior to June 30, 1997 in case of a commitment under a loan agreement entered into before November 30, 1993, or prior to June 30, 1999 in case of a commitment under a loan agreement entered into after November 30, 1993, the lender represents to the Trustee that it has a liquidity need for such suspension and the Trustee, having given this representation the overwhelming benefit of any doubt, agrees.
(vi)Section IV: Paragraph 1:
the following new subparagraph (c) shall be added:
(c) transfers from the Special Disbursement Account in accordance with Decision No. 10531-(93/170) SAF25 to that Account; and;
former subparagraph (c) shall become subparagraph (d) and shall read as follows:
(d) net earnings from investment of resources held in that Account.
Paragraph 6:
the third sentence shall be amended to read as follows:
Any resources remaining after that subsidization shall be distributed to the Fund, donors, and lenders that have contributed to the subsidy operation, in proportion to their contributions.
the following new sentence shall be added after the third sentence:
The resources representing the Fund’s share in such distribution shall be transferred to the Special Disbursement Account.
(vii)Section V:
(a) transfers by the Fund from the Special Disbursement Account in accordance with Decision No. 8760-(87/176),26 adopted December 18, 1987, as amended by Decision No. 10531-(93/170) SAF,25 adopted December 15, 1993.
(c) Access Limits
Decision No. 8845-(88/61) ESAF,27 as amended, shall be further amended as follows:
by amending paragraph 1 to read as follows:
1. In accordance with Section II, Paragraph 2(a) of the Instrument to Establish the Enhanced Structural Adjustment Facility Trust, the initial maximum limit on access of each eligible member to the resources of the Trust under a three year commitment shall be set at 190 percent of the member’s quota in the Fund, minus resources committed to the member for loans in association with Trust loans.
by replacing paragraph 3 as follows:
3. The Fund shall review the maximum access limit and the exceptional maximum limit, together with the operation of the Enhanced Structural Adjustment Facility and the Enhanced Structural Adjustment Facility Trust, not later than June 30, 1995.
(d) Enhanced Structural Adjustment Facility Trust—Borrowing for Loan Account—Consultation with Creditors
The Managing Director, after having consulted with all creditors in accordance with Decision No. 9056-(89/2)
ESAF,28 adopted January 11, 1989, is authorized to confirm that he does not intend to propose to the Executive Board borrowing of more than SDR 11 billion for the Loan Account of the Enhanced Structural Adjustment Facility Trust except after consultation with all creditors regarding the justification for such additional borrowing and the adequacy of the Trust’s Reserve in relation thereto.
(e) Enhanced Structural Adjustment Facility Trust—Expansion of Eligibility
The list annexed to Decision No. 8240-(86/56) SAF 29 as amended, shall be further amended by adding Armenia, Georgia, Kyrgyz Republic, and Tajikistan for purposes of eligibility under Section II, Paragraph 1(a) of the ESAF Trust Instrument.
Decision No 10535-(93/170) SAF
(f) Successor—Initiation of Operations
The Executive Board determines that sufficient contributions to the Loan and Subsidy Accounts of the ESAF Trust are committed or in firm prospect to initiate operations under the enlarged and amended ESAF Trust.
Decision No. 10597-(94/14) ESAF
(g) Successor—List of Eligible Members
The list annexed to Decision No. 8240-(86/56) SAF,29 as amended, shall be further amended by adding Cameroon and the former Yugoslav Republic of Macedonia for purposes of eligibility under Section II, Paragraph 1(a) of the ESAF Trust Instrument.
Decision No. 10598-(94/14) SAF
G. Periods for Consent to and Payment for Increases in Quotas Under Ninth General Review—Extension
1. Pursuant to paragraph 4 of the Resolution of the Board of Governors No. 45-2, “Increases in Quotas of Members—Ninth General Review,” the Executive Board decides that notices in accordance with paragraph 2 of that Resolution must be received in the Fund before 6:00 p.m., Washington time, on June 30, 1994.
2. Pursuant to paragraph 5 of the Board of Governors Resolution 45-2, the Executive Board decides that each member shall pay to the Fund the increase in its quota under the Ninth Review within 596 days after the later of (a) the date on which it notifies the Fund of its consent or (b) November 11, 1992.
1. Pursuant to paragraph 4 of the Resolution of the Board of Governors No. 45-2, “Increases in Quotas of Members—Ninth General Review,” the Executive Board decides that notices in accordance with paragraph 2 of that Resolution must be received in the Fund before 6:00 p.m., Washington time, on December 30, 1994.
See Selected Decisions. Eighteenth Issue, page 92.
Ibid.. pages 202-206.
lbid., pages 263-65.
lbid.. pages 237-39.
Ibid.. pages 252-53.
Ibid., pages 263-65
lbid.., page 269.
Ibid., pages 263-65.
Ibid… pages 237-39.
The performance criteria enumerated here are indicative only.
See Selected Decisions. Eighteenth Issue, pages 70-72.
Ibid., pages 202-206.
See item E. above, and items (b)-(e), below.
See Selected Decisions, Eighteenth Issue, pages 26-41.
See item E. above.
See Selected Decisions. Eighteenth Issue, pages 305-307.
Ibid., pages 48-49.
Ibid., page 49.
APPENDIX V Press Communiqués of the Interim Committee and the Development Committee
Interim Committee of the Board of Governors on the International Monetary System
PRESS COMMUNIQUÉS
Forty-First Meeting, Washington, September 26, 1993
1. The Interim Committee of the Board of Governors of the International Monetary Fund held its forty-first meeting in Washington, DC., on September 26, 1993 under the chairmanship of Mr. Philippe Maystadt, Minister of Finance of Belgium. The Committee expresses its appreciation to its outgoing Chairman, Mr. Carlos Solchaga, former Minister of Economy and Finance of Spain, for his invaluable contribution to the Committee’s work.
2. The Committee expresses its concern about the continued weak growth performance in industrial countries and the high and rising rates of unemployment and persistent protectionist pressures. The recovery remains moderate in North America and has yet to emerge in Japan and in continental Europe. The Committee therefore reaffirms its commitment to the cooperative growth strategy adopted in April 1993. A number of developments consistent with this strategy are welcome and can be expected to contribute to an improved economic climate: the achievement of low inflation rates in many industrial countries; lower interest rates in Europe; the commitment to medium-term budget consolidation in North America and in several European countries; the measures taken in Japan to strengthen the recovery of domestic demand; and the favorable reaction of financial markets to these developments.
3. The Committee considers completion of the Uruguay Round by the end of 1993 crucial to the success of the cooperative strategy and to restoring confidence in global economic prospects. At this critical juncture of the Round, the Committee stresses the essential role of trade and competitive forces in the growth prospects of all countries and the job-creating effects of liberalizing trade. The Committee expects leadership and vision from all in order to resolve the remaining issues and conclude the Round by the end of the year. Failure to do so could reinforce protectionist pressures, erode business confidence, and weaken growth in all countries.
4. The Committee stresses the need for Fund members to continue action to promote a robust economic recovery and a sustained expansion. Continued progress toward price stability and fiscal deficit reduction would provide scope for further interest rate reductions. As the recovery gains momentum, additional fiscal consolidation in the industrial countries will be needed to increase savings and private investment. Structural reforms in the industrial countries will also have to be given a higher priority to enhance prospects for longer-term growth; these include labor market flexibility, social security and health care reform, and market-opening and deregulation policies. The Committee reiterates its support to the efforts of the Fund in implementing its strengthened surveillance over members’ policies.
5. The Committee welcomes the continued strong economic expansion in many developing countries, based on the maintenance of sound macroeconomic policies and a continued easing of structural rigidities. The Committee welcomes in particular the developing countries’ significant contribution to the growth of world output and of international trade through outward-oriented policies. The success of these policies should serve to encourage those developing countries where progress toward macroeconomic stability and structural reform has lagged.
6. The Committee expresses particular concern, however, about the plight of many of the poorest developing countries, especially in Africa. Improvement of their prospects will require strong adjustment programs, continued efforts to reduce further their excessive debt levels, and substantially increased external assistance on concessional terms. All members recognize the special role enhanced structural adjustment facility (ESAF) has played in fostering effective reform in these countries; the Committee welcomes the indication from a number of members, including in the developing world, of their readiness to contribute to the facility. It urges the broadest possible spectrum of contributors among the membership to step forward with early indications of participation, and calls on the Executive Board to implement rapidly the agreed framework so as to ensure continuity of ESAF operations after November 30, 1993.
7. The Committee welcomes the progress made by a number of formerly centrally planned economies toward economic stabilization and market-based systems and the role played by the Fund in catalyzing the support of the international financial community. In central and eastern Europe, output is expected to grow moderately in 1994 following several years of decline in a number of countries. However, some countries in the region continue to face high inflation and declining output; all are encouraged to persevere with macroeconomic discipline and structural reforms, especially in the areas of privatization and financial sector reform, accompanied by adequate and well-targeted social safety nets.
8. While privatization and other structural reforms are gaining momentum in several countries of the former Soviet Union, inflation remains high in most of them, and dangerously high in some large countries. To curb inflation and induce market behavior, it is essential for all these countries to tackle their budget deficits, pursue appropriate monetary policies, promote financial sector reform, and impose financial discipline on enterprises. The Committee recognizes that most countries in the area face severe balance of payments difficulties as a result of the move to world prices and the reduction in transfers within the area. The prospects for much-needed international financial support, including under the Fund’s systemic transformation facility (STF), depend on the introduction and sustained pursuit of strong adjustment and reform programs, and on arrangements for effective financial cooperation within the area to improve current account positions and reduce the risk of capital flight and of trade disruptions. Global trade liberalization will be particularly important in promoting economic growth in the economies in transition.
9. Having discussed a report from the Executive Board on an allocation of SDRs and related matters, the Committee requests the Executive Board to continue its work on these issues—having particularly in mind the situation of the many new members that have not participated in previous SDR allocations—and to report to the Committee at its next meeting, to be held in Washington, DC., on April 25, 1994.
Annex: Interim Committee Attendance September 26, 1993
Philippe Maystadt, Minister of Finance, Belgium
Michel Camdessus
Members or Alternates
Mohammad Abalkhail, Minister of Finance and National Economy, Saudi Arabia
Edmond Alphandery, Minister of Economy, France
Ahmed Humaid Al-Tayer, Minister of State for Finance and Industry, United Arab Emirates
Piero Barucci, Minister of the Treasury, Italy
Lloyd M. Bentsen, Secretary of the Treasury, United States
Fernando Henrique Cardoso, Minister of Finance, Brazil
Carlos Sanchez, Vice Minister of Economy and Public Works, Argentina (Alternate for Domingo Felipe Cavallo, Minister of Economy and Public Works, Argentina)
CHEN Yuan, Deputy Governor, People’s Bank of China Kenneth Clarke, Chancellor of the Exchequer, United Kingdom Ralph Willis, Minister for Finance, Australia (Alternate for John Dawkins, Treasurer, Australia)
j. Soedradjad Djiwandono, Governor, Bank Indonesia
Hirohisa Fujii, Minister of Finance, Japan
Abdelouahab Keramane, Governor, Banque d’Algerie
Wim Kok, Deputy Prime Minister and Minister of Finance, Netherlands
Ruth de Krivoy, President, Banco Central de Venezuela
Gilles Loiselle, Minister of Finance, Canada
Jehoash Mayanja-Nkangi, Minister of Finance and Economic Planning, Uganda
Ferdinand Lacina, Federal Minister of Finance, Austria (a.m. session) and Ivan Kocarnik, Deputy Prime Minister and Minister of Finance, Czech Republic (p.m. session) (Alternates for Philippe Maystadt, Minister of Finance, Belgium)
Marcelino Nguema Onguene, Minister of Economy and Commerce, Equatorial Guinea
Aleksandr N. Shokhin, Deputy Prime Minister, Russian Federation
Jon Sigurdsson, Governor, Central Bank of Iceland
Manmohan Singh, Minister of Finance, India
Otto Stich, Minister of Finance. Switzerland
Theo Waigel, Federal Minister of Finance, Germany
Y. Akyuz, Senior Economic Affairs Officer, International Monetary Issues Programme, Global Interdependence Division, UNCTAD
Henning Christophersen, Vice President, CEC
Rudolf Homines, Chairman, Development Committee
Alexandre Lamfalussy, General Manager, BIS
Jean-Claude Milleron, Under-Secretary-General, Department of Economic and Social Information and Policy Analysis, UN
Jean-Claude Paye, Secretary-General, OECD
Lewis T. Preston, President, World Bank
Peter D Sutherland, Director-General, GATT
Forty-Second Meeting, Washington, April 25, 1994
1. The Interim Committee of the Board of Governors of the International Monetary Fund held its forty-second meeting in Washington, DC, on April 25, 1994 under the chairmanship of Mr. Philippe Maystadt, Minister of Finance of Belgium.
2. The Committee welcomes the substantive progress in implementing the cooperative growth strategy set out in its Declaration of April 1993, and the Fund’s intensification of its surveillance activities over members’ economic policies. The successful conclusion of the Uruguay Round will give new impetus to world trade and provide an improved climate for economic growth worldwide. Early ratification of the agreement should now be sought in all countries concerned. The Committee welcomes the creation of the World Trade Organization and looks forward to close cooperation with the new organization.
3. Conditions for sustained growth of the world economy have improved: inflation in most industrial countries remains low;some countries have made significant progress toward medium-term budget consolidation; Japan has taken additional supportive action; short-term interest rates are lower and exchange market tensions have abated in Europe. Many developing countries have made progress in stabilization and reform, allowing robust growth to be sustained. In several economies in transition, the reform process has advanced with the support of the Fund, including through the new systemic transformation facility (STF). The recent devaluation of the CFA franc, with the courageous accompanying measures taken in the context of Fund-supported programs, should facilitate the resumption of growth in the countries concerned.
4. In the industrial world, the recovery is well established in a number of countries, such as the United States, the United Kingdom, and Canada. Signs of recovery are evident in continental Europe and in Japan. Further action is required by all to ensure a more broad based and sustained recovery. Where recovery is still weak, continued progress toward price stability would provide scope for further cautious declines in short-term interest rates; in Japan, fiscal policy is supporting domestic demand. In those industrial countries where recovery is well established, monetary policies should be pursued in a way which sustains the recovery over the medium term and prevents a re-emergence of inflationary pressures, while fiscal imbalances must continue to be addressed decisively. In all countries, forceful implementation of plans for medium-term fiscal consolidation is necessary to strengthen national savings and raise growth and employment prospects. Disciplined monetary and fiscal policies will also help to alleviate pressures on long-term interest rates. The most pressing economic and social problem in many industrial countries remains high structural unemployment. It is therefore essential that the recovery be used to proceed decisively with labor market reforms that address the root causes of structural unemployment.
5. The Committee welcomes the continued strong growth performance of many developing countries that have pursued sound macroeconomic policies and implemented structural reforms, and notes their favorable prospects in the more open trading environment. It views with concern, however, the difficulties of those developing countries suffering from inadequate rates of savings and productive investment and inefficiencies in resource allocation, leading to stagnating or even declining living standards. Obstacles to sustained growth in these and other developing countries must be reduced, and their resilience to external shocks strengthened, through the pursuit of strong structural adjustment programs, the provision of adequate financial support from the international community, and improved access to industrial country markets. For low-income countries, a flexible approach to stock of debt reductions by official bilateral creditors and continued external assistance on concessional terms will also be required.
6. The Committee welcomes the initiation of operations of the enlarged and extended ESAF, which will permit continued concessional support for low-income developing countries undertaking strong programs of adjustment and reform. It welcomes the broad-based financial support for this initiative among the membership, including many developing countries.
7. The benefits of sustained policies of stabilization and reform followed by a number of economies in transition are apparent. It is particularly noteworthy that growth is being restored in countries that have brought inflation down and persevered with major structural reforms, including institution building and the steady pursuit of enterprise restructuring. Conversely, the costs of delays in implementing comprehensive economic programs are starkly evident in other countries. The Committee welcomes Russia’s adoption of a program to which the Fund has extended its support with a second drawing under the STF, and emphasizes the importance of the program’s firm implementation, so as to pave the way for a more comprehensive program that could be supported by a stand-by arrangement.
8. The transition to market economies by a large group of countries is a task of historic proportions deserving the full and concerted support of the international community. The guiding principle must remain that where there are assurances of strong policies, there is adequate financial support. The Committee encourages the Fund to continue to play a central role in this process, including if needed through increased access to its own resources, commensurate with the strength of programs. In this endeavor, the monetary character and the catalytic role of the Fund must be safeguarded, and the Committee calls for the continued participation and support of all potential bilateral and multilateral creditors and donors in providing adequate and timely assistance, in conjunction with the Fund.
9. The Committee considered the report by the Managing Director on an SDR allocation, including ways to address the situation of members that have not participated in previous SDR allocations and methods to allow countries in a position to do so to mobilize their own SDRs in support of Fund programs. The Committee requests the Executive Board to continue to work on SDR issues and to make its recommendations to the next Committee meeting.
10. The Committee discussed its future work, particularly with regard to systemic issues and the strengthening of the Committee’s contribution to the effective exercise of surveillance and economic policy coordination. It requests the Executive Board to examine these issues and to report back by its next meeting, to be held in Madrid, Spain, on October 2, 1994.
Annex: Interim Committee Attendance April 25, 1994
Sultan Nasser Al-Suwaidi, Governor, United Arab Emirates Central Bank (Alternate for Ahmed Humaid Al-Tayer, Minister of State for Finance and Industry, United Arab Emirates)
MUSTAPA Mohamed, Deputy Minister of Finance, Malaysia (Alternate for ANWAR Ibrahim, Deputy Prime Minister and Minister of Finance, Malaysia)
Antonio Fazio, Governor, Banca d’ltalia (Alternate for Piero Barucci, Minister of the Treasury, Italy)
Domingo Felipe Cavallo, Minister of Economy and Public Works and Services, Argentina
Kenneth Clarke, Chancellor of the Exchequer, United Kingdom
Marcel DOUPAMBY MATOKA, Minister of Finance, Budget, and Participations, Gabon
Yasuchi Mieno, Governor, The Bank of Japan (Alternate for Hirohisa Fujii, Minister of Finance, Japan)
Sigbjoern Johnsen, Minister of Finance, Norway
Abdelouahab Keramane, Governor, Banque d’Algérie
W. F. Duisenberg, President, De Nederlandsche Bank, NV (Alternate for Wim Kok, Deputy Prime Minister and Minister of Finance, Netherlands)
Paul Martin, Minister of Finance, Canada
Ferdinand Lacina, Federal Minister of Finance, Austria (a.m. session) and Brigita Schmognerova, Deputy Prime Minister for Economic Affairs, Slovak Republic (p.m. session) (Alternates for Philippe Maystadt, Minister of Finance, Belgium)
Pedro Sampaio Malan, President, Banco Central do Brasil (Alternate for Rubens Ricupero, Minister of Finance, Brazil)
C. Rangarajan, Governor, Reserve Bank of India (Alternate for Manmohan Singh, Minister of Finance, India)
Alfredo Pastor, Secretary of State for Economy, Ministry of Economy and Finance, Spain (Alternate for Pedro Solbes, Minister of Economy and Finance, Spain)
Otto Stich, Minister of Finance, Switzerland
George Gear, Assistant Treasurer, Australia (a.m. session) and Roberto F. de Ocampo, Secretary of Finance, Philippines (p.m. session) (Alternates for Ralph Willis, Minister for Finance, Australia)
CHEN Yuan, Deputy Governor, People’s Bank of China (Alternate for ZHU Rongji, Vice Premier and Governor, People’s Bank of China)
Andrew D. Crockett, General Manager, BIS
Rudolf Hommes, Chairman, Development Committee
Roger Lawrence, Deputy to the Secretary-General and Director, Global Interdependence Division, UNCTAD
Gary P. Sampson, Director, Regional and Preferential Trade, and Trade and Finance Division, GATT
Joint Ministerial Committee of the Boards of Governors of the Bank and the Fund on the Transfer of Real Resources to Developing Countries (Development Committee)
Forty-Seventh Meeting, Washington, September 27, 1993
1. The forty-seventh meeting of the Development Committee was held in Washington, DC, on September 27, 1993 under the chairmanship of Mr. Rudolf Hommes, Minister of Finance and Public Credit of Colombia.1 The Committee extended its thanks to the retiring Chairman, Mr. Ricardo Hausmann of Venezuela.
Gaza and the West Bank
2. The Committee welcomed the outstanding contribution to the Middle East Peace Process made by the World Bank in preparing the ground for a coordinated program of financial support for Gaza and the West Bank.
3. The Committee reviewed the impact on developing countries of recent trends in the world economy. It renewed its call for a fresh impetus to growth in the industrial countries, and for a successful conclusion of the Uruguay Round by the end of 1993 on the basis of a comprehensive and balanced agreement; this is crucial to the growth prospects for industrial and developing countries alike. It therefore welcomed the joint statement by Mr. Sutherland, Mr. Preston, and Mr. Camdessus, issued on the morning of its meeting.
Adjustment Experience of Low-Income Countries and Their Financing Needs
4. The Committee recognizes that many low-income countries have found it hard to make the economic adjustment necessary to achieve economic and social progress. There are several reasons: the main ones are poor initial conditions; lack of domestic savings; lack of adequate institutional and administrative capacity; inappropriate policies which take time to correct; and an unfavorable external environment. Progress in most directions has been slower than among the middle-income countries, but the preliminary evidence suggests that countries which sustain strong adjustment policies do better than the rest. In these countries there has been significant progress with macro-economic stabilization and outwardly oriented policies, and in decontrolling domestic prices, particularly in agriculture. But even there, financial sector and public enterprise reforms have lagged behind, and private investment has responded only with a considerable lag. As a result, improvements have not yet led to a sustained increase in income per capita, and success in reducing poverty and in protecting the environment has been uneven.
5. The Committee welcomes the broadening political consensus on adjustment strategies which stress stabilization and market friendly measures, combined with human resource development and poverty alleviation. It believes such strategies will succeed over time, if implemented consistently and backed up by structural reforms consistent with long-term sustainable development. It therefore urges countries that have not yet embarked on the adjustment process to formulate and implement their own programs accordingly. The design of adjustment programs and of external assistance needs to reflect the sociopolitical background and institutional capacity of the countries concerned. It follows that the best programs are those which are homegrown. The Bank and the Fund (as appropriate) in their relations with the borrowing countries, will do more to address the impact of macroeconomic and adjustment measures and their sequencing on poverty, employment, investment and the environment. Some of the lessons of the east Asian experience may be relevant to today’s low-income countries, particularly those of macroeconomic policy, export orientation, human resource development, and the training of a professional civil service.
6. In many cases, low-income countries will need to supplement domestic savings with foreign investment and with substantial and timely concessional financial support, together with necessary and appropriate relief of bilateral debt. To sustain the required levels of external support and investment, they will have to maintain their commitment to economic reform, poverty alleviation, environmental soundness, public participation, and good governance. Donors should focus concessional assistance on the low-income adjusting countries. They should complete ratification of IDA-10 (International Development Association, Tenth Replenishment) as early as possible, agree to the broadest possible spectrum of contributors to the ESAF successor, work for its rapid implementation, and make significant bilateral Contributions to the Special Program of Assistance (SPA).
Social Security Reform and Social Safety Nets
7. The Committee looked at the continued need for social support, both to meet life hazards and to help those hurt by necessary adjustment measures. Many existing insurance structures have created unsustainable burdens on the government budget and the competitiveness of the formal sector, while failing to cover important groups of the population. Existing entitlements may now have to be reviewed. In many countries, including economies in transition, a system combining elements of public and private provision will be appropriate, but the mix will vary from case to case. The international institutions can help by continuing to provide technical assistance and policy advice.
8. In addition to these classical social security systems, countries engaged in adjustment or systemic transformation may require well-designed extra social safety nets, integrated into their poverty-reduction strategy, involving schemes such as labor-intensive public works, nutrition programs, targeted food subsidies, retraining of dismissed workers, and “social funds.” But governments should avoid creating new long-term entitlements that might build up future budgetary problems. The appropriate mix of measures depends on data availability, administrative capacity, and financial resources. Budget outlays should where necessary be reallocated to provide financial resources, both for safety nets and for other pro-poor social spending. The poorest among them may require continued technical and financial support for such schemes from the World Bank and from donors. The Committee welcomes the constructive part played by the Bank and the Fund in their respective roles, in supporting social security system reforms and establishing and financing safety nets as part of their adjustment lending.
World Bank Women-in-Development Strategy
9. The Committee welcomed a report on the World Bank’s attempts to integrate gender issues into its overall development strategy. It commends the progress made, and welcomes the President’s commitment to a further strengthening of the Bank’s operations in this area. It notes that the Bank’s Executive Board will be reviewing the strategy in the Spring of 1994.
The Cost Effectiveness of Aid
10. The Committee believes it is more than ever important to enhance the effectiveness of development assistance, welcomes recent steps taken by the World Bank in this context, and proposes to address this matter next year. In order to provide maximum help to recipients, donor agencies and multilateral institutions need to maintain and improve their cost effectiveness.
11. The Committee will meet again in Washington, DC., on April 26, 1994, when it will discuss population and migration issues.
Forty-Eighth Meeting, Washington, April 26, 1994
1. The forty-eighth meeting of the Development Committee was held in Washington, DC., on April 26, 1994, under the chairmanship of Mr. Rudolf Hommes, Minister of Finance and Public Credit of Colombia.1
Resource Flows
2. Ministers welcome the increased flows of resources to developing countries; 1993 was another record year. Particularly noteworthy was the sustained growth in private flows, which went mainly to the faster-growing and outwardly oriented countries that have implemented successful reforms. Similarly, much of the increase in official flows has been concentrated on non-concessional loans to middle-income countries. Much of the concessional official development assistance has been targeted on poorer countries, although its total increased only modestly in 1993 and the outlook continues to be unfavorable. In that connection. Ministers welcome the progress made and the increased amounts pledged at last week’s meeting on the Special Program of Assistance for Africa, and the recent extension and enlargement of the IMF’s enhanced structural adjustment facility.
3. The Committee reviewed some of the issues that will be raised at the forthcoming United Nations Conference on Population and Development to be held in Cairo in September 1994. They welcomed the Secretary-General of the Conference, Dr. Nafis Sadik, who addressed their meeting.
4. Trends. The world’s population has grown by 1.7 billion in the past two decades. Almost all the increase was in the developing countries. The total population now stands at nearly 5.7 billion, about a billion of whom still live in poverty. Although the rate of growth is now slowing down, another 2.8 billion will be added to the total by 2025, on the current United Nations “most likely” projections. On this basis, world population will probably double in less than 50 years. Ministers agree that the massive economic, social, political, and environmental consequences of these changes cannot be ignored.
5. Policies. Ministers believe that an integrated population policy in developing countries must recognize the links between economic growth, population, poverty reduction, health, investment in human resources, and environmental degradation. All couples and individuals have the right to decide freely and responsibly on the number and spacing of their children. Family planning is only one of the available instruments and needs to be seen in the broader context of changing social patterns and the increased awareness of women’s role. Population programs are therefore becoming increasingly diverse, depending on the stage of the demographic transition in each country. Moreover, experience demonstrates that improved education and employment prospects (particularly for girls), improved health, and increased income all tend to reduce the birth rate. Institutional arrangements for the delivery of services may need to be strengthened, and must be tailored to local conditions and needs, taking full advantage of available nongovernmental and private sector organizations. They must pay full regard to the social and cultural traditions of each country.
6. Priorities. Ministers note that the Cairo Conference will seek to establish clear and realistic objectives for future population policy. Without prejudging the outcome of the Conference, they agree that three objectives in particular deserve special attention:
First, improvements in the primary school enrollment rate in low-income countries to achieve universal primary education;
Second, improving access to family planning and related health services, estimated by the UN Fund for Population Activities (UNFPA) to require a doubling of investments by the year 2000;
Third, reductions in maternal and child mortality in developing countries
7. Developing Countries. In general, the resource requirements are affordable, compared with other major expenditure programs. Many developing economies can meet the costs. In some cases costs are already covered by user fees. But for the poorest people, continued public support will be essential, and is justified by the benefits. Ministers agreed that developing countries should consider giving these three objectives priority within total budgets.
8. Donors. The poorest countries will still need help from donors. Bilateral and multilateral donors currently contribute about $1 billion a year to population programs in developing countries. Ministers hope that many individual bilateral donors will be able to improve the present average 1.25 percent share of existing aid budgets allocated to population programs, as well as their support for health and education.
9. The World Bank. At the multilateral level, Ministers welcome the increasing share of the World Bank’s social sector programs that have risen from 6 percent to 16 percent of the total portfolio in the past five years. Within this program, about $1.8 billion annually is currently allocated to population, health, and nutrition, and $1.9 billion to education. Much of this affects the demand for population services indirectly. There are currently ten or more projects a year with significant direct population components, costing $200 million, concentrated mainly in the poorest developing countries. Ministers welcome the Bank’s readiness to respond rapidly to requests for more assistance in this field. Ministers recognize that the Bank is not the principal organization concerned with population, but that its policy dialogue and wider operations give it a unique opportunity to promote population policies. They therefore call on the Bank, other donors, the other multilateral such as UNFPA, and the borrowing governments to collaborate fully in operations and in mobilizing the institutional and financial resources needed; and re-evaluate their efforts following the Cairo Conference.
10. Migration. Ministers discussed the related issue of international migration, and its social, political, and financial consequences for importing and exporting countries alike. They note that relatively little is known about the nature of these issues. Ministers noted the need for policies addressing these issues. They call for more policy-oriented research on migration and closer collaboration between the different international agencies concerned.
11. Impact of the Uruguay Round on the Developing Countries and Countries in Transition. Ministers greatly welcome the successful conclusion of the Uruguay Round and the agreements reached at Marrakesh and call for their rapid ratification and full implementation. These agreements reduce the risk of a relapse into protectionism, which would have greatly damaged many developing countries and countries in transition. They open up the prospect of faster economic growth for the world as a whole. All countries stand to gain. For countries to reap the full benefits from the Round, it is essential that they maintain stable macroeconomic environments and intensify their structural reform programs and trade liberalization, while improving their access to world markets.
12. Ministers note that some developing countries may be adversely affected in the transition to the new world trading system, by the loss of preferences or by higher prices for food imports, although these effects will only be felt gradually, leaving time for adjustment. They urge the Bank and the Fund to take account of these possible adverse effects in designing country assistance strategies and operational support for the affected countries.
13. Ministers welcome the creation of the new World Trade Organization (WTO), They urge the WTO, the Bank, and the Fund to cooperate fully and, within their own areas of responsibility, to help developing countries and countries in transition to take advantage of the new market opportunities. They also hope that all developing countries and countries in transition will soon join, so as to increase market access for their exports. They note that both Bank and Fund are engaged in fuller study of the impact of the Round, of future trade policy, and of their own future activities in the trade area. Ministers will resume discussion of these questions at their next meeting.
14. Commodities. Ministers also reviewed recent work in the Bank and the Fund on commodity prices. They agree that despite signs of a modest recovery in the short term, prices are unlikely to return to the levels of the 1970s and early 1980s. Given these uncertainties, Ministers agree it would be prudent not to assume an improvement in the long term, and wise to err on the side of caution.
15. Ministers agree that if price shocks are expected to be only temporary, then provision of compensatory finance may be appropriate. But if the fall in prices is expected to be permanent, then an adjustment-oriented response should not be deferred in the hope of a recovery. Ministers therefore believe that developing country governments should continue to diversify their economies. They will need the ongoing support of the World Bank, the Fund, and the donor community. Ministers call on the Bank to explore additional measures in its investment work in this area. The continuing volatility of prices also requires the maintenance of contingency measures to safeguard programs supported by the Fund.
16. Ministers note that few international commodity agreements have maintained price levels in the face of falling demand, increased production, and lower costs. Government price stabilization schemes do not generally work well when commodity prices are expected to fall further or remain low; they tend to create distortions and place considerable strain on government budgets. For many countries and products, hedging instruments in commercial futures markets now permit private agents to protect themselves against price fluctuations, although there remain a number of legal, financial, and technical barriers. Ministers welcome the technical assistance being given by UN Conference on Trade and Development (UNCTAD), the World Bank, and other agencies, to help smaller producers overcome these obstacles and take advantage of such markets. They welcome the studies being undertaken by the Bank of new guarantee mechanisms which would permit these poorer and less creditworthy countries to undertake market-based hedging operations.
17. The Committee agreed in principle to establish a small task force to review the development role being played by the multilateral development banks, including the World Bank, and the four main regional banks. This task force, whose Chairman, terms of reference, and composition will be agreed after consultation with the governments, will aim to complete its work by October 1995.
18. The Committee selected Mr. M’Hamed Sagou of Morocco to be its next Chairman in succession to Mr. Rudolf Hommes of Colombia. The Committee expressed its warmest thanks to Mr. Hommes at the end of his period in the Chair.
19. The Committee agreed to meet again in Madrid, Spain, on October 3, 1994, when it will discuss the question of aid effectiveness and the work of the World Bank and IMF in the light of the Uruguay Round.
Mr. Lewis T. Preston, President of the World Bank, Mr, Michel Camdessus, Managing Director of the International Monetary Fund, Mr. Peter Sutherland, Director-General of the GATT. Mr, Mohammed Imady, Minister of Economy and Foreign Trade of Syria and Chairman of the Croup of Twenty-Four, and Mr. Peter Mountfield, Executive Secretary, took part in the meeting. Observers from a number of international and regional organizations also attended.
APPENDIX VI Executive Directors and Voting Power on April 30, 1994
of Fund
Votes of
Karin Lissakers United States 265,518 265,518 17.81
Barry S. Newman
Stefan Schoenberg Germany 82,665 82,665 5.54
Erika Wagenhoefer
Hiroo Fukui japan 82,665 82,665 5.54
Toshihiko Fukuyama
Marc-Antoine Autheman France 74,396 74,396 4.99
Michel Sirat
Huw Evans United Kingdom 74,396 74,396 4.99
John Dorrington
Willy Kiekens Austria 12,133
(Belgium) Belarus 3,054
Johann Prader Belgium 31,273
(Austria) Czech Republic 6,146
Hungary 7,798
Kazakhstan 2,725
Slovak Republic 2,824
Turkey 6,670 74,228 4.98
Godert A. Posthumus Armenia 925
(Netherlands) Bulgaria 4,899
Oleh Havrylyshyn Cyprus 1,250
(Ukraine) Georgia 1,360
Israel 6,912
Moldova 1,150
Netherlands 34,692
Romania 7,793
Ukraine 10,223 69,202 4.64
Roberto Marino Costa Rica 1,440
(Mexico) El Salvador 1,506
Gerver Torres Guatemala 1,788
(Venezuela) Honduras 1,200
Mexico 17,783
Spain 19,604
Venezuela 19,763 64,295 4.31
Giulio Lanciotti Albania 603
(Italy) Greece 6,126
Nikolaos Coumbis Italy 46,157
(Greece) Malta 925
Portugal 5,826
San Marino 350 59,987 4.02
ELECTED (continued)
Douglas E. Smee Antigua and Barbuda 335
(Canada) Bahamas, The 1,199
Garrett F. Murphy Barbados 739
(Ireland) Belize 385
Dominica 310
Grenada 335
Jamaica 2,259
St. Kitts and Nevis 315
St. Lucia 360
St. Vincent and
the Grenadines 310 55,500 3.72
Jarle Bergo Denmark 10,949
(Norway) Estonia 715
Eva Srejber Finland 8,868
(Sweden) Iceland 1,103
Latvia 1,165
Lithuania 1,285
Norway 11,296
Sweden 16,390 51,771 3.47
Muhammad Al-Jasser Saudi Arabia 51,556 51,556 3.46
(Saudi Arabia)
Abdulrahman A. Al-Tuwaijri
Ewen L. Waterman Australia 23,582
(Australia) Kiribati 290
Amando M. Tetangco, Jr. Korea 8,246
(Philippines) Marshall Islands 275
Mongolia 621
Papua New Guinea 1,203
Philippines 6,584
Seychelles 310
Solomon Islands 325
Vanuatu 375
Western Samoa 335 48,897 3.28
A. Shakour Shaalan Bahrain 1,078
(Egypt) Egypt 7,034
Yacoob Yousef Mohammed Iraq 5,290
(Bahrain) Jordan 1,467
Lebanon 1,037
Libya 8,426
Maldives 305
Oman 1,444
Qatar 2,155
Syrian Arab Republic 2,349
Yemen, Republic of 2,015 46,973 3.15
Konstantin G. Kagalovsky Russia 43,381 43,381 2.91
Aleksei V. Mozhin
J. E. lsmael Fiji 761
(Indonesia) Indonesia 15,226
Kleo-Thong Hetrakul Lao People’s Democratic
(Thailand) Republic 641
Malaysia 8,577
Myanmar 2,099
Nepal 770
Thailand 5,989
Tonga 300
Viet Nam 2,666 40,855 2.74
Daniel Kaeser Azerbaijan 1,420
(Switzerland) Kyrgyz Republic 895
Krzysztof Link Poland 10,135
(Poland) Switzerland 24,954
Turkmenistan 730
Uzbekistan 2,245 40,379 2.71
Abbas Mirakhor Afghanistan, Islamic
(Islamic Republic of State of 1,454
Iran) Algeria 9,394
Mohammed Dairi Ghana 2,990
(Morocco) Iran, Islamic Republic of 11,035
Morocco 4,527
Pakistan 7,832
Tunisia 2,310 39,542 2.65
Alexandre Kafka Brazil 21,958
(Brazil) Colombia 5,863
Alberto Caideron Dominican Republic 1,838
(Colombia) Ecuador 2,442
Guyana 922
Haiti 691
Suriname 926
Trinidad and Tobago 2,718 39,104 2.62
K.P. Geethakrishnan Bangladesh 4,175
(India) Bhutan 295
L. Eustace N. Fernando India 30,805
(Sri Lanka) Sri Lanka 3,286 38,561 2.59
L. J. Mwananshiku Angola 2,323
(Zambia) Botswana 616
Barnabas S. Dlamini Burundi 822
(Swaziland) Ethiopia 1,233
ELECTED (concluded)
Gambia, The 479
Kenya 2,244
Lesotho 489
Liberia 963
Malawi 759
Mozambique 1,090
Namibia 1,246
Nigeria 13,066
Sierra Leone 1,022
Swaziland 615
Tanzania 1,719
Uganda 1,589
Zambia 2,953
Zimbabwe 2,863 36,091 2.42
ZHANG Ming (China) China 34,102 34,102 2.29
WEI Benhua (China)
A. Guillermo Zoccali Argentina 15,621
(Argentina) Bolivia 1,512
Alberto F. Jiménez Chile 6,467
de Lucio (Peru) Paraguay 971
Peru 4,911
Uruguay 2,503 31,985 2.14
Corentino V. Santos Benin 703
(Cape Verde) Burkina Faso 692
Yves-Marie T. Koissy Cameroon 1,601
(Côte d’ivoire) Cape Verde 320
Central African Republic 662
Chad 663
Comoros 315
Congo 829
Côte d’lvoire 2,632
Djibouti 365
Equatorial Guinea 493
Gabon 1,353
Guinea 1,037
Guinea-Bissau 355
Madagascar 1,154
Mali 939
Mauritania 725
Mauritius 983
Niger 733
Rwanda 845
São Tomé and Príncipe 305
Senegal 1,439
Togo 793
Zaïre 3,160 23,096 1.55
1,469,1453,4 98.525
1 Voting power varies on certain matters pertaining to the General Department with use of the Fund’s resources in that department.
2 Percentages of total votes (1,491,143) in the General Department and the SDR Department.
3 This total does not include the votes of Cambodia, Croatia, the former Yugoslav Republic of Macedonia, the Federated States of Micronesia, Slovenia, Somalia. South Africa, and Tajikistan, which did not participate in the 1992 Regular Election of Executive Directors. The combined votes of those members total 21.998—1,48 percent of those in the Genera] Department and the SDR Department.
4 This total does not include the votes of Sudan, which were suspended effective August 9. 1993 pursuant to Article XXVI, Section 2(b) of the Articles of Agreement.
5 This figure may differ from the sum of the percentages shown for individual Directors because of rounding.
APPENDIX VII Changes in Membership of Executive Board
Changes in membership of the Executive Board between May 1, 1993 and April 30, 1994 were as follows:
Manuel Estela (Peru) relinquished his duties as Alternate Executive Director to A. Guillermo Zoccali (Argentina), effective May 3, 1993.
Alberto F. Jimenez de Lucio (Peru) was appointed as Alternate Executive Director to A. Guillermo Zoccali (Argentina), effective May 4, 1993.
Bernd Esdar (Germany) relinquished his duties as Alternate Executive Director to Stefan Schoenberg (Germany), effective July 31, 1993.
Erika Wagenhoefer (Germany) was appointed as Alternate Executive Director to Stefan Schoenberg (Germany), effective August 1, 1993.
Isabelle Martel (France) relinquished her duties as Alternate Executive Director to Jean-Pierre Landau, effective August 22, 1993.
Michel Sirat (France) was appointed as Alternate Executive Director to Jean-Pierre Landau (France), effective August 23, 1993.
Thomas C. Dawson II (United States) relinquished his duties as Executive Director for the United States, effective September 7, 1993.
Jean-Pierre Landau (France) relinquished his duties as Executive Director for France, effective September 10, 1993.
Marc-Antoine Autheman (France) was appointed as Executive Director for France, effective September 11, 1993.
Ingimundur Fridriksson (Iceland) relinquished his duties as Executive Director for Denmark, Estonia, Finland, Iceland, Latvia, Lithuania, Norway, and Sweden, effective October 15, 1993.
Jarle Bergo (Norway) was elected as Executive Director for Denmark, Estonia, Finland, Iceland, Latvia, Lithuania, Norway, and Sweden, effective October 16, 1993.
Karin Lissakers (United States) was appointed as Executive Director for the United States, effective December 1, 1993.
Jon A. Solheim (Norway) relinquished his duties as Alternate Executive Director to Jarle Bergo (Norway), effective December 31, 1993.
Naoki Tabata (Japan) relinquished his duties as Alternate Executive Director to Hiroo Fukui (Japan), effective December 30, 1993.
Toshihiko Fukuyama (Japan) was appointed as Alternate Executive Director to Hiroo Fukui (Japan), effective December 31, 1993.
Eva Srejber (Sweden) was appointed as Alternate Executive Director to Jarle Bergo (Norway), effective January 1, 1994.
Omar Kabbaj (Morocco) relinquished his duties as Alternate Executive Director to Abbas Mirakhor (Islamic Republic of Iran), effective January 16, 1994.
David Peretz (United Kingdom) relinquished his duties as Executive Director for the United Kingdom, effective February 18, 1994.
Huw Evans (United Kingdom) was appointed Executive Director for the United Kingdom, effective February 19, 1994.
Mohammed Dairi (Morocco) was appointed as Alternate Executive Director to Abbas Mirakhor (Islamic Republic of Iran), effective March 1, 1994.
Ioannis Papadakis (Greece) relinquished his duties as Alternate Executive Director to Giulio Lanciotti (Italy), effective March 11, 1994.
Juan Carlos Jaramillo (Colombia) relinquished his duties as Alternate Executive Director to Alexandre Kafka (Brazil), effective March 18, 1994.
Nikolaos Coumbis (Greece) was appointed as Alternate Executive Director to Giulio Lanciotti (Italy), effective March 21, 1994.
Barry S. Newman (United States) was appointed as Alternate Executive Director to Karin Lissakers (United States), effective March 28, 1994.
Alberto Calderon (Colombia) was appointed as Alternate Executive Director to Alexandre Kafka (Brazil), effective March 31, 1994.
Jacques de Groote (Belgium) relinquished his duties as Executive Director for Austria, Belarus, Belgium, Czech Republic, Hungary, Kazakhstan, Luxembourg, Slovak Republic, and Turkey, effective March 31, 1994.
Willy Kiekens (Belgium) was appointed Executive Director for Austria, Belarus, Belgium, Czech Republic, Hungary, Kazakhstan, Luxembourg, Slovak Republic, and Turkey, effective April 1, 1994.
The following served at certain meetings of the Executive Board during 1993/94 as Temporary Alternate Executive Directors to the Executive Directors indicated:
Temporary Alternate
Executive Director for Whom
Temporary Alternate Served
John M. Abbott (United States) Thomas C. Dawson II (United States)
John 0. Aderibigbe (Nigeria) L.B. Monyake (Lesotho)
Meekal A. Ahmed (Pakistan) Mohamed Finaish (Libya)
Hassan M. Al-Atrash (Syria) A. Shakour Shaalan (Egypt)
S. E. Al-Huseini (Saudi Arabia) Muhammad Al-Jasser (Saudi Arabia)
Maria Celina B. Arraes (Brazil) Alexandre Kafka (Brazil)
David Barr (United Kingdom) David Peretz (United Kingdom)
Huw Evans (United Kingdom)
Rita Dias Bessone Basto (Portugal) Giulio Lanciotti (Italy)
Taye Berrihun (Ethiopia) L. J. Mwananshiku (Zambia)
George Bindley-Taylor (Trinidad and Tobago) Alexandre Kafka (Brazil)
Michael Blome (Germany) Stefan Schoenberg (Germany)
Patrice Bonzom (France) jean-Pierre Landau (France)
Martha Brettschneider (United States) Karin Lissakers (United States)
Luis E. Breuer (Paraguay) A. Guillermo Zoccali (Argentina)
Johannes H. Brits (Netherlands) Godert A. Posthumus (Netherlands)
Juan M. Burdiel (Spain) Roberto Marino (Mexico)
P. Cailleteau (France) Marc-Antoine Autheman (France)
Alan G. Cathcart (United Kingdom) David Peretz (United Kingdom)
Amoy Chang Fong (Trinidad and Tobago) Alexandre Kafka (Brazil)
Mohamed Bahaa Chatah (Lebanon) A. Shakour Shaalan (Egypt)
CHEN Minqiang (China) CHE Peiqin (China)
Roberto F. Cippa (Switzerland) Daniel Kaeser (Switzerland)
Susan B. Creane (United States) Thomas C. Dawson II (United States)
Karin Lissakers (United Slates)
Akos Cseres (Hungary) Jacques de Groote (Belgium)
Doc Cuong (Viet Nam) J, E. Ismael (Indonesia)
Dominique Desruelle (France) Jean-Pierre Landau (France)
Maiga Dzervite (Latvia) Jarle Bergo (Norway)
Gamal Zaki El-Masry (Egypt) A. Shakour Shaalan (Egypt)
Samia Farid (Egypt) A. Shakour Shaalan (Egypt)
Salam K. Fayyad (Jordan) A. Shakour Shaalan (Egypt)
Raphael Ferrillo (Switzerland) Daniel Kaeser (Switzerland)
B. R. Fuleihan (United Kingdom) Muhammad Al-Jasser (Saudi Arabia)
Antonio Galicia (Mexico) Roberto Marino (Mexico)
Toufic K. Gaspard (Lebanon) A. Shakour Shaalan (Egypt)
Massimo Giulimondi (Italy) Giulio Lanciotti (Italy)
Grigori Y. Glazkov (Russia) Konstantin G. Kagalovsky (Russia)
Hassan Golriz (Iran, Islamic Republic of) Abbas Mirakhor (Iran, Islamic Republic of)
Mohamed Ali Hammoudi (Iran. Islamic Republic of) Abbas Mirakhor (Iran. Islamic Republic of)
Mary Elizabeth Hansen (United States) Thomas C. Dawson II (United States)
Georges Heinen (Luxembourg) Jacques de Groote (Belgium)
Chorobek Imashev (Kyrgyz Republic) Daniel Kaeser (Switzerland)
Shinya Ishida (Japan) Hiroo Fukui (J apan)
Abdel Rehman Ismael (Mauritius) Corentino V. Santos (Cape Verde)
James Jamnik (Canada) Douglas E. Smee (Canada)
Jiri Jonas (Czech Republic) Jacques de Groote (Belgium)
J. Mills Jones (Liberia) L. J. Mwananshiku (Zambia)
Teruhide Kanada (Japan) Hiroo Fukui (Japan)
Werner C. Keller (Switzerland) Daniel Kaeser (Switzerland)
Elena Kotova (Russia) Konstantin G. Kagalovsky (Russia)
Aguil M. Koulizade (Azerbaijan) Daniel Kaeser (Switzerland)
Ekaterina Kouprianova (Russia) Konstantin G. Kagalovsky (Russia)
Kwassivi Kpetigo (Togo) Corentino V Santos (Cape Verde)
Tuseno-Minu Kudiwu (Zaire) Corentino V. Santos (Cape Verde)
Vural Kural (Turkey) Jacques de Groote (Belgium)
Nicole Laframboise (Canada) Douglas E. Smee (Canada)
Kathryn J. Langdon (Canada) Douglas E. Smee (Canada)
Wolfgang Laux (Germany) Stefan Schoenberg (Germany)
Young-Hoi Lee (Korea) E. L. Waterman (Australia)
Gillian Lindsay-Nanton (St. Vincent and the Grenadines) Douglas E. Smee (Canada)
Boris M. Lvin (Russia) Konstantin G. Kagalovsky (Russia)
J. Mafararikwa (Zimbabwe) L. J. Mwananshiku (Zambia)
Noel Mancebo (Uruguay) A. Guillermo Zoccali (Argentina)
Graham J. Matthews (Australia) E. A. Evans (Australia)
Sarah McDougall (New Zealand) E. L Waterman (Australia)
Pedro Antonio Merino (Spain) Roberto Marino (Mexico)
Raphael Meron (Israel) Godert A. Posthumus (Netherlands)
Mohammad Jafar Mojarrad Abbas Mirakhor (Iran, Islamic Republic of)
(Iran, Islamic Repulic of)
Frank Moss (Belgium) Jacques de Groote (Belgium)
James A.K. Munthali (Malawi) L. J. Mwananshiku (Zambia)
James A.K. Munthali (Malawi) L. B. Monyake (Lesotho)
Jean-Christian Obame (Gabon) Corentino V. Santos (Cape Verde)
Toshio Oya (Japan) Hiroo Fukui (Japan)
Yasmin Patel (Mozambique) L. J. Mwananshiku (Zambia)
L. M. Piantini (Dominican Republic) Alexandre Kafka (Brazil)
Carsten F. Pillath (Germany) Stefan Schoenberg (Germany)
Robert Kenneth W. Powell (United Kingdom) David Peretz (United Kingdom)
Neeraj Prasad (India) K. P. Geethakrishnan (India)
Enzo Quattrociocche (Italy) Giulio Lanciotti (Italy)
Roderick Rainford (Jamaica) Douglas E. Smee (Canada)
A. Raza (India) K. P. Geethakrishnan (India)
Sadok Rouai (Tunisia) Abbas Mirakhor (Iran, Islamic Republic of)
Patricio L. Rubianes (Ecuador) Alexandre Kafka (Brazil)
Matthew W. Ryan (United States) Thomas C. Dawson II (United States)
Daniel Saha (Cameroon) Corentino V. Santos (Cape Verde)
Bawwirou A. Sarr (Mauritania) Corentino V. Santos (Cape Verde)
Shigei Shimizu (Japan) Hiroo Fukui (Japan)
Arnor Sighvatsson (Iceland) jarle Bergo (Norway)
Frixos Antonios Sorokos (Cyprus) Godert A. Posthumus (Netherlands)
Bea Szombati (Hungary) Jacques de Groote (Belgium)
Lisa Tase (Romania) Godert A. Posthumus (Netherlands)
T. P. Thomas (India) K. P. Geethakrishnan (India)
Rupert Thorne (United Kingdom) David Peretz (United Kingdom)
Norbert Toe (Burkina Faso) Corentino V Santos (Cape Verde)
Ake TOrnqvist (Sweden) Ingimundur Fridriksson (Iceland)
Jarle Bergo (Norway)
Jan Willem van der Kaaij (Netherlands) Godert A. Posthumus (Netherlands)
Vitali Verjbitski (Russia) Konstantin G. Kagalovsky (Russia)
R. Von Kleist (Germany) Stephan Schoenberg (Germany)
Silvia Vori (Italy) Renato Filosa (Italy)
WANG Yanzhi (China) ZHANG Ming (China)
WANG Xiangyong (China) ZHANG Ming (China)
Jeremy B. Wire (United States) Karin Lissakers (United Stales)
WU Hongwei (China) ZHANG Ming (China)
YANG Xiangyuan (China) CHE Peiqin (China)
APPENDIX VIII Administrative and Capital Budgets, Staffing, and Organization
The Fund’s Administrative Budget for the financial year ended April 30, 1994 (1993/94) was $476.8 million, and capital projects totaling $124.8 million, including a major building project, were also approved. The actual administrative expenditures totaled $448.3 million, and capital project disbursements totaled $26.0 million for projects approved in 1993/94 or prior years (Table VIII.1). During the year, a number of steps were taken to increase the efficiency of the Fund and reduce its costs. These included increased automation of Fund work activities and adjustments in administrative standards, including a reduction in the class of business travel.
Table VIII.1Administrative Budget as Approved by the Executive Board for the Financial Year Ending April 30, 1995 Compared with Actual Expenses for the Financial Years Ended April 30, 1992, April 30, 1993, and April 30, 1994; and Capital Budgets as Approved by the Executive Board for Capital Projects in Financial Years 1992, 1993, 1994, and 1995
(Values expressed in thousands of U.S. dollars)1
I. Personnel Expenses
Salaries 153,093 174,551 192,920 208,930
Other personnel expenses 82,893 95,961 122,785 121,585
Subtotal 235,986 270,512 315,705 330,515
II. Travel Expenses
Business travel 36,142 43,675 41,320 48,470
Other travel 18,209 24,492 27,099 25,710
Subtotal 54,351 68,167 68,919 74,180
III. Other Administrative Expenses
Communications 7,462 8,954 10,303 11,510
Building occupancy 21,819 28,361 37,613 43,360
Books and printing 5,876 5,864 7,040 7,375
Supplies and equipment 6,392 8,436 8,614 8,315
Data processing 18,257 14,207 15,857 18,000
Miscellaneous 4,936 6,484 8,956 11,350
IV. Reimbursements -17,012 -21,913 -24,712 -29,775
TOTAL ADMINISTRATIVE BUDGET 338,067 389,072 448,295 474,830
Less: Reimbursement for administering the SDR Department -5,618 -4,067 -5,392 —
Reimbursement for administering the SAF/ESAF -20,912 -23,200 -26,392 —
Net Administrative Budget Expenses2 311,537 361,305 416,511 474,830
Capital Project Budgets3 41,300 9,050 124,760 17,445
Capital Project Disbursements 8,882 17,576 25,975 —
1 Due to rounding, details may not add to total.
2 Net administrative budget expenses exclude valuation gain or loss on administrative currency holdings
3 Capital budgets for projects beginning in each financial year.
During 1993/94, resources were used to support the work of the institution in the following proportions: country-specific work (48.9 percent); policy development, evaluation, and research (11.1 percent); statistics, information, and external relations (6.3 percent): external training (4.6 percent); administrative support (17.2 percent); and Board of Governors and Executive Board (11.9 percent); see Chart 9.
Chart 9Cost of Major Activities
Note: Information based on financial year 1994 estimated outturn of expenditures. The cost of general supervision, training, professional development and leave has been distributed proportionally to each of the other categories.
During the year, steps were taken to decentralize responsibility for budget decisions in selected areas. Specifically, department managers were provided dollar-denominated budgets in the area of business travel to increase their incentives and flexibility in controlling costs in this area. Also, the time horizon for budget planning increasingly emphasized longer term, as opposed to, annual planning.
Over the last three years, 1991/92-93/94, the Fund’s budgeted staff resources have increased by 507 staff years, a substantial majority having been devoted to work with the countries of Eastern Europe and the states of the former Soviet Union. This was a significant undertaking requiring recruitment and training of the largest staff increase in the Fund’s history.
In the financial year ended April 30, 1994, there were 217 appointments to the Fund’s regular staff and 99 separations. At the end of the financial year, there were 2,090 staff members from 114 countries. Organizational changes included the addition of one new division in each of three area departments (Central Asia, European II, and Western Hemisphere Departments), to help maintain an adequate level of supervision, and the redefinition of the functions of the divisions of the IMF Institute, to meet better the training needs of member countries and to integrate the Fund’s external training program more closely with country operations. A new Work Practices and Technology Secretariat was established in the Office of the Managing Director to help coordinate the application of technologies and changes in Fund work practices.
Late in 1993/94, the Executive Directors approved an administrative budget for 1994/95 of $474.8 million, a decrease of 0.4 percent over the original budget for the previous year, and a capital project budget of $17.4 million. The 1994/95 administrative budget represents a decision to hold expenses to a minimal or no real growth level. The only increases permitted relate to changes in pricing levels and filling of previously authorized vacancies.
To meet the Fund’s office space needs and reduce office occupancy costs, the Executive Board also approved a capital project budget of $111.0 million for the construction of an addition to the headquarters building. The new addition, which will be occupied beginning in 1997, will allow the Fund to bring back to the expanded headquarters about 600 of the 1,300 staff currently occupying higher-cost leased space.
APPENDIX IX Financial Statements
REPORT OF THE EXTERNAL AUDIT COMMITTEE
Authority and Scope of the Audit
In accordance with Section 20(b) of the By-Laws of the International Monetary Fund we have audited the financial statements of the Fund covering the:
General Department for the year ended April 30, 1994,
SDR Department for the year ended April 30, 1994, and
Accounts Administered by the International Monetary Fund, for the year ended April 30, 1994, which consist of the:
1. Enhanced Structural Adjustment Facility Trust,
2. Enhanced Structural Adjustment Facility Administered Accounts:
—Saudi Fund for Development Special Account,
3. Other Administered Accounts:
—Administered Account—Japan,
—Administered Technical Assistance Account—Japan,
4. Trust Fund,
5. Supplementary Financing Facility Subsidy Account.
Our audit was conducted in accordance with generally accepted auditing standards and included reviews of accounting and internal control systems, and tests of the accounting records. We evaluated the extent and results of the work of the outside accounting firm as well as that of the Office of Internal Audit and Review and also used other audit procedures as deemed necessary.
Audit Opinion
In our opinion the financial statements of the General Department (including the related supplemental schedules one to three), the SDR Department, and the Accounts Administered by the International Monetary Fund have been prepared in accordance with generally accepted accounting principles applied on a basis consistent with that of the preceding year, except for the changes in the Fund’s method of accounting for capital assets and post-retirement benefits, and give a true and fair view of the respective financial positions and the allocations and holdings of SDRs as at April 30, 1994, and of the financial results of operations and transactions during the year then ended.
EXTERNAL AUDIT COMMITTEE:
/s/ Mohammed Zouhair Tallaj, Chairman (Syrian Arab Republic)
/s/ Gerwald Kern (Germany)
/s/ Suwit Nivartvong (Thailand)
GENERAL DEPARTMENT BALANCE SHEETS as at April 30, 1994 and 1993(In thousands of SDRs)
GENERAL RESOURCES ACCOUNT
Currencies and securities (Notes 2 and 5) 140,980,507 138,828,278
SDR holdings (Note 3) 6,037,761 7,930,129
Gold holdings (Note 4) 3,624,797 3,624,797
Charges receivable (Note 5) 1,319,916 1,408,218
Interest receivable on SDR holdings 65,944 102,765
Other receivables (Note 2) 77,380 82,397
Other assets (Note 1) 107,672 50,052
Quota subscriptions receivable — 73,500
TOTAL GENERAL RESOURCES ACCOUNT 152,213,977 152,100,136
SPECIAL DISBURSEMENT ACCOUNT
Deposits 226,465 615,315
Structural adjustment facility loans 1,835,247 1,879,252
Interest receivable 6,098 7,362
TOTAL SPECIAL DISBURSEMENT ACCOUNT 2,067,810 2,501,929
TOTAL ASSETS 154,281,787 154,602,065
QUOTAS, RESERVES, LIABILITIES, AND RESOURCES
Quotas (Note 2) 144,859,000 144,606,200
Reserves (Note 6) 1.701,472 1,627,323
Special Contingent Accounts (Note 5) 1,154,493 911,897
Borrowing (Note 7) 3,060,000 3,360,000
Remuneration payable (Note 5) 182,459 241,719
Accrued interest 26,515 41,320
Deferred income from charges (Note 5) 1,042,935 1,057,950
Accumulated resources 2,065,219 2,499,884
Deferred income (Note 5) 2,591 2,045
TOTAL QUOTAS. RESERVES, LIABILITIES, AND RESOURCES 154,281,787 154,602,065
The accompanying notes and schedules are an integral part of the financial statements.
/s/ David Williams /s/ M. Camdessus
Treasurer Managing Director
GENERAL DEPARTMENT INCOME STATEMENTS for the years ended April 30, 1994 and 1993(In thousands of SDRs)
OPERATIONAL INCOME (Note 5)
Periodic charges 1,173,120 1,392,023
Interest on SDR holdings 299,507 217,380
Service charges 26,202 26,422
Stand-by, special charges, and other income 9,292 37,680
Burden-sharing contributions net of refunds (Note 5)
Additional charges 96,645 62,795
Reduction of remuneration 154,367 103,489
Settlements in excess of deferred charges 15,015 98,300
Remuneration (Note 5) 992,862 1,116,839
Interest expense (Note 7) 147,156 222,072
Allocation to the Special Contingent Accounts (Note 5) 242,597 255,265
ADMINISTRATIVE EXPENSES (Notes 1 and 9) 318,002 263,342
NET INCOME OF GENERAL RESOURCES ACCOUNT
BEFORE NET EFFECT OF CHANGES IN
ACCOUNTING METHODS 73,531 70,571
Cumulative effect of changes in accounting methods (Note 1):
Accounting for property and equipment 48,418 —
Accrual of post-retirement benefits other than pensions (47,800) —
NET INCOME OF GENERAL RESOURCES ACCOUNT 74,149 70,571
Investment income 23,906 39,720
Interest and special charges 8,727 8,521
Administrative expenses (Note 9) 19,200 16,502
NET INCOME OF SPECIAL DISBURSEMENT ACCOUNT 13,433 31,739
GENERAL DEPARTMENT STATEMENTS OF CHANGES IN RESERVES AND RESOURCES for the years ended April 30, 1994 and 1993(In thousands of SDRs)
RESERVES—GENERAL RESOURCES ACCOUNT
SPECIAL RESERVE (Note 6)
Balance, beginning of the year 1,261,743 1,191,172
Net income 74,149 70,571
Balance, end of the year 1,335,892 1,261,743
GENERAL RESERVE (Note 6)
Balance, beginning and end of the year 365,580 365,580
TOTAL RESERVES OF THE GENERAL
RESOURCES ACCOUNT 1,701,472 1,627,323
RESOURCES—SPECIAL DISBURSEMENT ACCOUNT
Transfers from Trust Fund 59,605 1,601
Transfers to ESAF Trust (507,703) (103,770)
TOTAL RESOURCES Or THE SPECIAL DISBURSEMENT ACCOUNT 2,065,219 2,499,884
GENERAL DEPARTMENT NOTES TO THE FINANCIAL STATEMENTS April 30, 1994 and 1993
The General Department consists of the General Resources Account, the Special Disbursement Account, and the Investment Account. The Investment Account had not been activated at April 30, 1994.
Most of the transactions between member countries and the Fund take place through the General Resources Account. This account reflects the receipt of quota subscriptions, purchases and repurchases, collection of charges on member’s use of Fund credit and payment of remuneration on creditor positions in the Fund, and repayment of principal to the Fund’s lenders. Assets held in the General Resources Account include (i) currencies (including securities) of the Fund’s member countries, (ii) SDR holdings, and (iii) gold.
The Fund makes its resources available to its members under policies on the use of its resources by selling to members, in exchange for their own currencies, SDRs or currencies of other members. When members make purchases, they incur an obligation to repurchase the Fund’s holdings of their currencies, within the periods specified by the Fund, by the payment to the Fund of SDRs or currencies of other members specified by the Fund. The Fund’s policies on the use of its resources are intended to assure that their use is temporary and will be reversed within time periods specified by the Fund.
The composition of the Fund’s holdings of members’ currencies changes as a result of the Fund’s transactions, including purchases and repurchases. Currencies and securities consist of holdings of currencies or notes payable on demand that substitute for the members’ currencies, including those of members that make use of the Fund’s resources and those used to finance the Fund’s operations and transactions.
A member has a reserve tranche in the Fund to the extent that the Fund’s holdings of its currency, excluding holdings that reflect the member’s use of Fund credit, are less than the member’s quota. A member’s reserve tranche is considered a part of the member’s external reserves, which it may draw at any time when it represents that it has a need. Reserve tranche purchases are not considered a use of Fund credit and are not subject to repurchase obligations.
A member is entitled to repurchase at any time the Fund’s holdings of its currency on which the Fund levies charges and is expected to make repurchases as and when its balance of payments and reserve position improves.
On April 23, 1993, the systemic transformation facility (STF) was established as a temporary facility to provide assistance at an early stage to members experiencing serious balance of payments difficulties as a result of disruptions in their traditional trade and payments arrangements. This facility provides assistance to members that are significantly affected by these systemic shocks.
The Special Disbursement Account was activated on June 30, 1981 to receive transfers from the Trust Fund, which is in the process of being wound up. A structural adjustment facility (SAF) was established in March 1986 within the Special Disbursement Account to provide balance of payments assistance on concessional terms to qualifying low-income developing members.
The Special Disbursement Account is a part of the General Department of the Fund. The assets and income of the account are held separate from resources of other accounts of the General Department. Assets that exceed the needs of the account are transferred to the Reserve Account of the Enhanced Structural Adjustment Facility Trust (ESAF Trust), which is separately administered by the Fund as Trustee. Resources of the ESAF Trust Reserve Account that are determined to be in excess of its estimated needs are to be transferred back to the Special Disbursement Account. Upon liquidation of the ESAF Trust, the amounts remaining in the ESAF Trust Reserve Account after the discharge of remaining liabilities shall be transferred to the Special Disbursement Account. On February 23, 1994, the Fund transferred certain resources derived from the termination of the 1976 Trust Fund to the ESAF Trust Subsidy Account. Upon liquidation of the ESAF Trust, any resources remaining in the ESAF Trust Subsidy Account will be returned in proportion to the Special Disbursement Account and the contributors of the ESAF Trust Subsidy Account.
1. Summary of Significant Accounting Practices
Unit of Account
The accounts of the General Department are expressed in terms of the SDR. SDRs are interest-earning assets allocated to participants in the Fund’s SDR Department. The currency value of the SDR is determined by the Fund each day by summing the values in U.S. dollars, based on market exchange rates, of a basket of five currencies of the members having the largest exports of goods and services during the five-year period ending one year prior to the date of the review of the SDR valuation basket, which is conducted every five years. The SDR valuation basket was last reviewed in financial year 1991. The currencies comprising the basket and their amounts in the basket are as follows:
U.S. dollar 0.572
Deutsche mark 0.453
Japanese yen 31.8
French franc 0.800
Pound sterling 0.0812
Valuation of Currencies
Currencies are valued in terms of the SDR on the basis of the representative exchange rate determined for each currency. Each member is obligated to maintain the value of the balances of its currency held by the Fund in the General Resources Account in terms of the SDR. Whenever the Fund revalues its holdings of a member’s currency, a receivable or a payable is established for the amount of currency payable by or to the member in order to maintain the SDR value of the Fund’s holdings of the currency. The balances of the receivables or payables are reflected in the Fund’s total currency holdings.
Income Recognition
The Fund maintains its accounts on an accrual basis and, accordingly, recognizes income as it is earned and records expenses as they are incurred, except that income from charges from members that are overdue in settling their obligations to the Fund by six months or more is deferred and is recognized as income only when paid unless the member has remained current in settling charges when due (see also Note 5).
On May 1, 1993, the Fund adopted depreciation accounting and capitalized land and buildings at their historical cost less their estimated depreciation. A net amount of SDR 48.4 million was capitalized as a result of this change and is included in the Income Statement and in Other assets for the year ended April 30, 1994. Depreciation is calculated using the straight-line method over the estimated useful lives of buildings and equipment. The Fund’s capital assets at April 30, 1994 amounted to SDR 135.9 million, net of accumulated depreciation of SDR 57.8 million for a net value of SDR 78.1 million, consisting of land (SDR 32.2 million), buildings (SDR 35.2 million), equipment (SDR 5.1 million), and construction in progress (SDR 5.6 million). If this method of depreciation accounting had been in effect in financial year 1993 the net income would have been SDR 8 million higher.
Post-Retirement Benefits
The Fund provides certain health care benefits to staff and retirees that elect to participate in its medical benefits plan. Participants and the Fund contribute towards meeting the costs of these benefits.
Prior to financial year 1994, the Fund recognized its share in the expense of health care benefits for retirees on a pay-as-you-go basis. During the current financial year, the Fund changed its method to the accrual method of accounting for these benefits. The combined effect on the Fund’s income position due to the change in accounting method for post-retirement benefits during the year ended April 30, 1994 amounted to SDR 61.4 million.
The total past-service liability in respect of the future cost for retirees and current employees was actuarially estimated at SDR 111 million as of May 1, 1993; of this amount SDR 47.8 million represents the future cost of medical benefits for retirees. This latter amount was charged in full to the Fund’s income in financial year 1994 and is reflected in the income Statement as the cumulative effect of a change in accounting method. The estimated future cost for current employees, equal to SDR 63.3 million, will be amortized over 20 years, the estimated remaining service life of employees. For the year ended April 30, 1994, the amortization of past-service benefits and the cost of the benefits accrued during the current year increased the administrative expenses by SDR 13.6 million. If this method of accounting had been in effect in financial year 1993, net income would have been lower by an amount comparable to the increase in expense in financial year 1994. A separate account or trust will be established to hold assets equal to the recognized portion of the liability in this respect.
2. Quotas, Currencies, and Securities
Each member is required to pay to the Fund the amount of its initial quota and subsequent increases partly in the member’s own currency and the remainder in the form of reserve assets, except that in 1978 members were permitted to pay the entire increase in their own currencies. A member’s quota is not increased until the member consents to the increase and pays the subscription. Each member has the option to substitute nonnegotiable and non-interest-bearing securities for the amount of its currency held by the Fund in the General Resources Account that is in excess of ¼ of 1 percent of the member’s quota. These securities, which are part of the Fund’s currency holdings, are encashable by the Fund on demand.
The increase under the Ninth General Review of Quotas became effective on November 11, 1992, after members having 70 percent of the total quotas on May 30, 1990 consented to the increase in quotas and after the adoption of the Third Amendment to the Fund’s Articles of Agreement. The Third Amendment provides that a member’s voting and certain related rights may be suspended by a 70 percent majority of the total voting power, if the member persists in its failure to fulfill its obligations under the Articles. When all members have consented and paid the increase, the quotas of the members in the Fund will increase to SDR 146.0 billion. As at April 30, 1994, 169 members had paid their increase of quota amounting to SDR 47.7 billion; Cambodia made an ad hoc quota increase payment of SDR 40 million bringing the Fund’s quota resources to SDR 144.9 billion as at April 30, 1994.
On December 14, 1992, the former Socialist Federal Republic of Yugoslavia ceased to be a member of the Fund. Each of the five successor states has agreed to its share in the assets and liabilities of the former Socialist Republic of Yugoslavia in the Fund as determined by the Fund. As of April 30. 1994, two of the successor states (Republic of Bosnia and Herzegovina and Federal Republic of Yugoslavia (Serbia/Montenegro)) had not succeeded to membership in the Fund.
Changes in the Fund’s holdings of members’ currencies and securities for the year ended April 30, 1994 were as follows:
April 30,
In millions of SDRs
Members’ quotas 144,859 114,606 253
Less quota subscriptions receivable — (74) 74
Less other receivables (77) (82) 5
144,782 144,450 332
Members’ outstanding use of Fund resources 25,533 24,635 898
Members’ outstanding reserve tranche positions (29,338) (30,264) 926
Administrative currency balances 4 7 (3)
Currencies and securities 140,981 138,828 2,153
Each member is obligated to maintain the value of the balances of its currency held by the Fund in the General Resources Account in terms of the SDR and therefore the Fund periodically revalues its holding of a member’s currency. At April 30, 1994, when all holdings of currencies of members were revalued, receivables and payables arising from valuation adjustments amounted to SDR 18,644.5 million and SDR 809.1 million, respectively (SDR 21,700.8 million and SDR 804.6 million respectively at April 30, 1993). At June 23, 1994, the amounts receivable were SDR 12,429.2 million and the amounts payable were SDR 655.7 million.
The Fund’s holdings of members’ currencies at April 30, 1994 are shown in Schedule 1.
3. SDR Holdings
SDRs are reserve assets created by the Fund and allocated to members participating in the SDR Department Although SDRs are not allocated to the Fund, the Fund may acquire, hold, and dispose of SDRs through the General Resources Account. The Fund receives SDRs from members in the settlement of their financial obligations to the Fund and uses SDRs in transactions and operations between the Fund and its members. The Fund earns interest on its SDR holdings at the same rate as all other holders of SDRs.
4. Gold Holdings
At April 30, 1994 and April 30, 1993, the Fund held 3,217,341 kilograms equal to 103,439,916 fine ounces of gold at designated depositories. Gold held by the Fund is valued on the basis of 0.888671 gram of fine gold per SDR, which is equivalent to SDR 35 per fine ounce, except that 21,396 fine ounces held by the Fund on behalf of a member were acquired on December 14, 1992 at market value, for a total amount of SDR 5.1 million in partial settlement of the member’s overdue obligations.
5. Fund Operations
The Fund’s financial resources are made available to members under a number of policies and facilities that differ mainly in the type of balance of payments need they seek to address and in the degree of conditionality attached to them. Changes in the outstanding use of Fund credit under various facilities during the year ended April 30, 1994 were as follows:
Repurchases
Regular facilities 6,766 898 1,428 6,236
Compensatory and contingency financing 4,207 718 1,169 3,756
Extended Fund facility 6,869 120 662 6,327
Systemic transformation facility — 2,725 — 2,725
Supplementary financing facility 198 — 7 191
Enlarged access 6,595 780 1,077 6,298
Total 24,635 5,241 4,343 25,533
Fund credit outstanding at April 30, 1994 and April 30, 1993 includes Fund credit amounting to SDR 77.4 million with respect to the two successor states of the former Socialist Federal Republic of Yugoslavia (the Republic of Bosnia and Herzegovina and the Federal Republic of Yugoslavia (Serbia/Montenegro)) that had not succeeded to membership of the Fund as of April 30, 1994. Members’ use of Fund credit is shown in Schedule 1.
The Fund levies periodic charges on its holdings of members’ currencies that derive from their use of Fund credit. The rate of charge on the use of the Fund’s own resources is set as a proportion of the SDR interest rate. This rate is adjusted periodically to offset the effect on income of the deferral of charges and to finance the additions to Special Contingent Accounts, which are further discussed below. A separate rate of charge, based on the average cost of borrowing, was levied on the use of resources financed by the Fund’s borrowing. However, effective May 1, 1993, a single unified rate of charge applies to all uses of Fund resources. Special charges are levied on holdings that are not repurchased when due, and on overdue charges that are not settled when due, except that these charges do not apply to members that are six months or more overdue to the Fund. A service charge is levied by the Fund on each purchase, except on a reserve tranche purchase, and a stand-by fee is charged on stand-by and extended arrangements, which is refunded in proportion to purchases made under the arrangement.
At April 30, 1994, the total holdings on which the Fund levied charges amounted to SDR 25,532.7 million (SDR 24,635.4 million at April 30, 1993).
The Fund pays remuneration on a member’s remunerated reserve tranche position. The rate of remuneration is equal to the SDR interest rate, and is adjusted subject to a specific floor, to offset the effect as a result of the deferral of charges on income and to finance the additions to the Special Contingent Accounts. A remunerated reserve tranche position is the amount by which the Fund’s holdings of a member’s currency (excluding holdings that derive from the use of Fund credit) is below the member’s norm. The norm varies for each member and on average amounted to 94.5 percent of quota at April 30, 1994.
At April 30, 1994, the total creditor positions on which the Fund paid remuneration amounted to SDR 22,950.5 million (SDR 23,875.7 million at April 30, 1993).
Overdue Obligations
At April 30, 1994, seven members were six months or more overdue in settling their financial obligations to the Fund (ten members at April 30, 1993); six of these members were overdue to the General Department (nine at April 30, 1993). Credit extended to these members through the General Resources Account and the Special Disbursement Account, including SAF loans, amounted to SDR 1,817.4 million as of April 30, 1994 (SDR 1,950.7 million as of April 30, 1993). One of these members (Zambia) has been settling obligations as they fall due and is implementing a rights accumulation program that could lead to the settlement of its arrears. During the year ended April 30, 1994, three members (Sierra Leone, Viet Nam, and Cambodia) fully settled their overdue financial obligations to the Fund. This restored these members’ eligibility to use the Fund’s general resources.
Overdue repurchases and SAF loan repayments and charges and SAF interest of the six members (nine at April 30, 1993) that are six months or more overdue to the General Department were as follows:
Charges and
and SAF Loans
SAF Interest
Total overdue 1,649 1,708 1,019 1,026
Overdue for six months or more 1,616 1,687 989 988
Overdue for three years or more 1,432 1,427 718 615
The type and duration of the arrears of these members were as follows:
and SAF
Haiti 14.0 2.5 16.5 November 1991
Liberia 201.6 168.8 370.4 January 1985
Somalia 98.9 56.8 155.7 July 1987
Sudan 604.3 477.0 1,081.3 July 1984
Zaïre 178.3 32.3 210.6 February 1991
Zambia 551.9 281.1 833.0 July 1986
Total 1,649.0 1,018.5 2,667.5
In addition, the Republic of Bosnia and Herzegovina and the Federal Republic of Yugoslavia (Serbia/Montenegro) were also six months or more overdue in meeting financial obligations to the Fund. While these two states agreed to their share in the assets and liabilities of the former Socialist Federal Republic of Yugoslavia in the Fund, they had not succeeded to membership in the Fund as of April 30, 1994. Overdue repurchases and charges due by these two successor states amounted to SDR 61.7 million and their total obligations to the Fund amounted to SDR 83.5 million at April 30, 1994 (SDR 33.8 million and SDR 80.0 million, respectively at April 30, 1993).
Strengthened Cooperative Strategy
In March 1990, the Fund agreed on a strengthened cooperative strategy aimed at resolving the issue of overdue obligations to the Fund. Three major elements form the basis of the cooperative strategy: (i) preventative measures, (ii) remedial and deterrent measures, and (iii) intensified collaboration and the rights approach. Under the intensified collaborative approach, the Fund has developed Fund-monitored programs and rights accumulation programs, which permit a member with protracted arrears to the Fund to establish a track record of performance related to policy implementation and payments. A rights accumulation program allows the member to earn rights toward future financing through the implementation of a comprehensive economic program. Rights would be encashed under a successor arrangement after clearance of arrears and when all the requirements for that successor arrangement are met.
Deferred Income and Special Contingent Accounts
It is the policy of the Fund to exclude from current income charges due by members that are six months or more overdue in meeting payments to the Fund unless the member is current in the payment of charges. Charges subsequently accrued will also be excluded from income unless the member becomes current in the payment of charges. Charges excluded from income are recorded as deferred income. Charges due and accrued by members that are six months or more overdue and that have been deferred amounted to SDR 1,042.9 million at April 30, 1994 (SDR 1,057.9 million at April 30, 1993).
Since May 1, 1986, the Fund adopted decisions to give effect to the Principles of Burden Sharing whereby debtor and creditor members share the financial consequences of overdue obligations. An amount equal to deferred charges (excluding special charges) is generated and included in the Fund’s income each quarter by an adjustment of the rate of charge and the rate of remuneration. However, the average rate of remuneration is not to be reduced below 85 percent of the SDR interest rate for the financing of deferred charges and the first Special Contingent Account (see following paragraphs). The proceeds from the settlement of overdue charges are distributed to members that paid additional charges or received reduced remuneration when and to the extent that deferred charges that gave rise to adjustments are paid.
In view of the existence of protracted overdue obligations, the Fund accumulates precautionary balances, inter alia, in the Special Contingent Accounts. At April 30, 1994, SDR 1,154.5 million was held in the first and second Special Contingent Accounts (SCA-1 and SCA-2). A total of SDR 517.2 million was held in the SCA-1 (SDR 435.8 million at April 30, 1993) and SDR 637.3 million was held in the SCA-2 at April 30, 1994 (SDR 476.1 million at April 30, 1993). The Special Contingent Accounts are financed by additional quarterly adjustments to the rate of charge and the rate of remuneration. Balances in the SCA-1 are to be distributed to the members that share the cost of financing it when there are no outstanding overdue charges and repurchases, or at such earlier time as the Fund may decide.
The SCA-2 became effective on July 1, 1990 (as part of the strengthened cooperative strategy) to accumulate SDR 1.0 billion over a period of approximately five years. It is financed by a further adjustment to the rate of charge and to the rate of remuneration, subject to the floor to the rate of remuneration of 80 percent of the SDR interest rate. Resources accumulated in SCA-2 are to safeguard against potential losses arising from purchases made under a successor arrangement after a rights accumulation program has been successfully completed by members with protracted arrears to the Fund at the end of 1989, while at the same time providing additional liquidity to assist in the financing of such purchases. Refunds of contributions are to be made after all repurchases under the rights approach have been made, or at such earlier date as the Fund may determine. Use of Fund credit in the General Resources Account following the completion and encashment of rights accumulation programs amounted to SDR 621.0 million.
The allocations to the SCA-1 and SCA-2, and the costs of deferred charges and corresponding adjustments to charges and remuneration during the year ended April 30, 1994 were as follows:
Total Costs
Adjustments to
and Allocation
Deferred charges 94 47 47
SCA-1 82 41 41
SCA-2 161 51 110
Total 243 92 151
Refunds of deferred charges 86 42 44
Burden-sharing corntributions net of refunds 251 97 154
The cumulative charges that have been deferred since May 1, 1986, and have resulted in adjustments to charges and remuneration, amount to SDR 787.5 million (SDR 779.4 million at April 30, 1993). The cumulative refunds for the same period amount to SDR 643.6 million (SDR 556.8 million at April 30, 1993).
6. Reserves
The Fund determines annually what part of its net income shall be placed to the General Reserve or to the Special Reserve, and what part, if any, shall be distributed. The Articles of Agreement permit the Fund to use the Special Reserve for any purpose for which it may use the General Reserve, except distribution. An administrative deficit for any financial year must be charged first against the Special Reserve.
7. Borrowing
Outstanding borrowing by the Fund was as follows:
April 30.
Enlarged access 375 300 75
Other 2,985 — 2,985
Total 3,360 300 3,060
Scheduled repayments of outstanding borrowing by the Fund are as follows:
In millions
of SDRs
Bilaleral Arrangements with Japan
In December 1986, the Government of Japan agreed to make available to the Fund SDR 3.0 billion to help finance the Fund’s support of adjustment programs of member countries. Calls were made by the Fund over a period of four years until resources under this borrowing agreement were fully drawn by the end of March 1991. The final maturity of each call is five years from the initial date of the call. Interest on amounts borrowed is based on the weighted average of six-month domestic interest rates in the countries that make up the currency basket of the SDR.
Enlarged Access
The policy on enlarged access became operational in May 1981. The Fund entered into borrowing agreements under which the lenders made resources equal to SDR 13.5 billion available to the Fund to finance purchases by members under the policy. The maturities of borrowing by the Fund under these agreements vary from two to seven years. Interest rates on amounts borrowed vary and are based on Eurocurrency deposit rates and weighted average yields of domestic instruments denominated in the five currencies in the SDR valuation basket. After full use of the borrowing agreements, the Fund decided in September 1990 that ordinary resources would be substituted to meet commitments of borrowed resources in financing purchases under arrangements approved under the enlarged access policy. Access to the use of credit under the enlarged access policy was terminated on November 11, 1992, following the effectiveness of quota increases under the Ninth General Review.
General Arrangements to Barrow
Under the General Arrangements to Borrow (GAB), the Fund may borrow up to SDR 18.5 billion when supplementary resources are needed to forestall or to cope with an impairment of the international monetary system. The GAB became effective on October 24, 1962 and has been extended through December 25, 1998. At April 30, 1994, the GAB had not been activated.
8. Arrangements in the General Department
At April 30, 1994, 32 arrangements were in effect and undrawn balances under these arrangements amounted to SDR 2,618.0 million. These arrangements are listed in Schedule 3. Use of Fund credit is also available under the systemic transformation facility to members who are in an early stage of the transition process. Use of Fund credit under the STF, which is limited to not more than 50 percent of quota, is provided in two disbursements: half of the total financing is disbursed at the outset and the remainder is made available 6 to 12 months after the first purchase. At April 30, 1994, 13 members had made drawings under this facility amounting to SDR 2,725.2 million; a further SDR 315.9 million may be drawn by these members.
9. Administrative Expenses
For the year ended April 30, 1994, the Fund incurred administrative expenses for personnel (SDR 239.4 million), travel (SDR 48.6 million), and other administrative needs (SDR 30.1 million). Included in administrative expenses are pension plan contributions, expenses related to post-retirement benefits other than pensions and depreciation expense. The General Resources Account is reimbursed for expenses incurred in administering the SDR Department, the Special Disbursement Account, and the Enhanced Structural Adjustment Facility Trust.
The Fund has a defined benefit Staff Retirement Plan and a defined benefit Supplemental Retirement Benefits Plan (“the Plans”). All contributions to the Plans and all other assets, liabilities, and income of the Plans are administered separately from the General Department and can be used only for the benefit of the participants in the Plans and their beneficiaries. Participants contribute a fixed percentage of their pensionable remuneration. The Fund contributes the remainder of the cost of funding the Plans and pays certain administrative costs of the Plans
The Fund uses the aggregate cost method for determining its pension cost and for funding the Plans. Under this method, the Fund’s contributions, including those for cost of living adjustments and for experience gains and losses, are spread over the expected future working lifetimes of the participants in the Plans and are determined annually as a percentage of pensionable remuneration of the participants. The funding and cost of the Plans for the year ended April 30, 1994 are based upon an actuarial valuation at April 30, 1992.
As described in Note 1, the Fund adopted the accrual method of accounting for post-retirement benefits other than pensions. The past-service liability and annual cost are determined on an actuarial basis, assuming the actual medical cost history in the Fund, a discount rate of 8.5 percent and an initial increase in the rate of the medical cost equal to 13 percent, declining to 6 percent over time. This liability, estimated at SDR 111 million at the beginning of the year, increased by SDR 10.4 million during the financial year. The annual amortization of the past-service cost for current employees during financial year 1994 amounted to SDR 3.2 million. Of the total estimated liability equal to SDR 121.4 million as of April 30, 1994, including the past service costs for retirees and current employees, SDR 61.4 million has been included in other liabilities, pending the transfer of these funds to a separate account or trust.
GENERAL DEPARTMENT QUOTAS, FUND’S HOLDINGS OF CURRENCIES, MEMBERS’ USE OF FUND RESOURCES, AND RESERVE TRANCHE POSITIONS as at April 30, 1994(In thousands of SDRs)
Fund’s Holdings
of Currencies1
Use of
of Quota
Afghanistan, Islamic State of 120,400 115,488 95.9 — 4,928
Albania 35,300 48,425 137.2 13,125 5
Algeria 914,400 1,198,261 131.0 283,863 7
Angola 207,300 207,445 100.1 — —
Antigua and Barbuda 8,500 8,499 100.0 — 1
Argentina 1,537,100 4,374,801 284.6 2,837,675 —
Armenia. Republic of 67,500 67,500 100.0 — 5
Australia 2,333,200 1,932,717 82.8 — 400,480
Austria 1,188,300 799,357 67.3 — 388,967
Azerbaijan 117,000 117,000 100.0 — 10
Bahamas, The 94,900 88,663 93.4 — 6,239
Bahrain 82,800 41,601 50.2 — 41,208
Bangladesh 392,500 392,451 100.0 — 56
Barbados 48,900 85,723 175.3 36,840 25
Belarus, Republic of 280,400 350,500 125.0 70,100 20
Belgium 3,102,300 2,540,813 81.9 — 561,495
Belize 13.500 10,587 78.4 — 2,914
Benin 45,300 43,219 95.4 — 2,099
Bhutan 4,500 3,930 87.3 — 570
Bolivia 126,200 117,339 93.0 — 8,875
Botswana 36,600 18,998 51.9 — 17,609
Brazil 2,170,800 2,361,429 108.8 189,854 —
Bulgaria 464,900 1,031,650 221.9 599,375 32,630
Burkina Faso 44,200 37,001 83.7 — 7,201
Burundi 57,200 51,345 89.8 — 5,860
Cambodia 65,000 71,250 109.6 6,250 —
Cameroon 135,100 166,614 123.3 31,841 339
Canada 4,320,300 3,669,464 84.9 — 650,881
Cape Verde 7,000 6,999 100.0 — 1
Central African Republic 41,200 51,818 125.8 10,710 94
Chad 41,300 51,347 124.3 10,325 280
Chile 621,700 924,680 148.7 302,993 12
China 3,385,200 2,378,345 85.0 — 506,857
Colombia 561,300 471,594 84.0 — 89,707
Comoros 6,500 5,978 92.0 — 523
Congo 57,900 60,431 104.4 3,000 469
Costa Rica 119,000 169,568 142.5 59,280 8,725
Côte d’lvoire 238,200 383,717 161.1 145,575 70
Croatia, Republic of 261,600 274,089 104.8 12,479 —
Cyprus 100,000 74,560 74.6 — 25,453
Czech Republic 589,600 1,228,565 208.4 638,965 3
Denmark 1,069,900 756,651 70.7 — 313,251
Djibouti 11,500 11,500 100.0 — —
Dominica 6,000 5,992 99.9 — 9
Dominican Republic 158,800 294,280 185.3 135,480 —
Ecuador 219,200 246,728 112.6 44,624 17,125
Egypt 678,400 771,867 113.8 147,200 53,750
El Salvador 125,600 125,603 100.0 — —
Equatorial Guinea 24,300 24,309 100.0 — —
Estonia, Republic of 46,500 88,350 190.0 41,850 3
Ethiopia 98,300 91,308 92.9 — 6,992
Fiji 51,100 41,146 80.6 — 9,952
Finland 861,800 653,789 75.9 — 208,014
France 7,414,600 6,742,857 77.5 — 1,671,866
Gabon 110,300 165,034 149.6 54,778 52
Gambia, The 22,900 21,418 93.5 — 1,485
Georgia. Republic of 111,000 111,000 100.0 — 10
Germany 8,241,500 5,402,917 65.6 — 2,838,593
Ghana 274,000 367,839 134.2 111,210 17,375
Greece 587,600 473,913 80.7 — 113,687
Grenada 8,500 8,501 100.0 — —
Guatemala 153,800 153,806 100.0 — —
Guinea 78,700 78,638 99.9 — 68
Guinea-Bissau 10,500 10,500 100.0 — 2
Guyana 67,200 106,898 159.1 39,696 —
Haiti 44,100 59,056 133.9 15,000 45
Honduras 95,000 164,796 173.5 69,795 —
Hungary 754,800 1,558,096 206.4 859,390 56,097
Iceland 85,300 74,823 87.7 — 10,477
India 3,055,500 5,606,182 183.5 2,763,181 212,630
Indonesia 1,497,600 1,285,247 85.8 — 212,354
Iran, Islamic Republic of 1,078,500 1,078,509 100.0 — —
Iraq 504,000 504,013 100.0 — —
Ireland 525,000 370,108 70.5 — 154,892
Israel 666,200 844,844 126.8 178,640 —
Italy 4,590,700 3,092,903 67.4 — 1,497,800
Jamaica 200,900 438,845 218.4 237,892 —
Japan 8,241,500 5,225,506 63.4 — 3,016,043
Jordan 121,700 179,300 147.3 57,601 2
Kazakhstan, Republic of 247,500 383,625 155.0 136,125 5
Kenya 199,400 187,174 93.9 — 12,230
Kiribati 4,000 4,001 100.0 — —
Korea 799,600 435,732 54.5 — 363,873
Kuwait 995,200 832,049 83.6 — 163,159
Kyrgyz Republic 64,500 108,360 168.0 43,860 5
Lao People’s Democratic Republic 39,100 39,100 100.0 — —
Latvia. Republic of 91,500 169,275 185.0 77,775 5
Lebanon 78,700 59,869 76.1 — 18,833
Lesotho 23,900 20,392 85.3 — 3,512
Liberia 71,300 272,836 382.7 201,554 28
Libya 817,600 498,745 61.0 — 318,980
Lithuania. Republic of 103,500 217,350 210.0 113,850 5
Luxembourg 135,500 111,214 82.1 — 24,286
Macedonia, former Yugoslav Republic of 49,600 64,367 129.8 14,765 —
Madagascar 90,400 93,912 103.9 3,512 2
Malawi 50,900 49,423 97.1 740 2,224
Malaysia 832,700 593,952 71.3 — 238,752
Maldives 5,500 4,621 84.0 — 879
Mali 68,900 64,627 93.8 4,445 8,727
Malta 67,500 41,972 62.2 — 25,549
Marshall Islands 2,500 2,500 100.0 — 1
Mauritania 47,500 47,506 100.0 — —
Mauritius 73,300 65,978 90.0 — 7,325
Mexioo 1,753,300 4,900,017 279.5 3,146,701 —
Micronesia 3,500 3,500 100.0 — 1
Moldova, Republic of 90,000 153,000 170.0 63,000 5
Mongolia 37,100 50,850 137.1 13,750 5
Morocoo 427,700 574,201 134.3 176,813 30,313
Mozambique 84,000 84,000 100.0 — 7
Myanmar 184,900 184,903 100.0 — —
Namibia 99,600 99,592 100.0 — 9
Nepal 52,000 46,277 89.0 — 5,730
Netherlands 3,444,200 2,604,680 75.6 — 839,553
New Zealand 650,100 547,022 84.1 — 103,089
Nicaragua 96,100 113,140 117.7 17,030 —
Niger 48,300 52,367 108.4 12,627 8,561
Nigeria 1,281,600 1,281,589 100.0 — 68
Norway 1,104,600 647,502 58.6 — 457,101
Oman 119,400 81,668 68.4 — 37,844
Pakistan 758,200 1,205,828 159.0 447,683 63
Panama 149,600 229,022 153.1 91,270 11,861
Papua New Guinea 95,300 116,682 122.4 21,418 53
Paraguay 72,100 56,128 77.8 0 15,975
Peru 466,100 1,108,819 237.9 642,686 —
Philippines 633,400 1,413,882 223.2 867,572 87,104
Poland, Republic of 988,500 1,721,383 174.1 810,006 77,125
Portugal 557,600 327,231 58.7 — 230,373
Qatar 190,500 156,706 82.3 — 33,795
Romania 754,100 1,505,005 199.6 750,900 —
Russian Federation 4,313,100 7,187,947 166.7 2,875,550 1,014
Rwanda 59,500 49,727 83.6 — 9,791
St. Kitts and Nevis 6,500 6,488 99.8 — 15
St. Lucia 11,000 11,000 100.0 — 1
St. Vincent and the Grenadines 6,000 5,500 91.7 — 500
San Marino, Republic of 10,000 7,650 76.5 — 2,352
São Tomé and Príncipe 5,500 5,503 100.1 — 0
Saudi Arabia 5,130,600 4,465,361 87.0 — 665,245
Senegal 118,900 149,964 126.1 32,164 1,104
Seychelles 6,000 5,197 86.6 — 804
Sierra Leone 77,200 77,189 100.0 — 24
Singapore 357,600 202,826 56.7 — 154,819
Slovak Republic 257,400 646,080 251.0 388,675 —
Slovenia. Republic of 150,500 144,810 96.2 7,179 12,875
Solomon Islands 7,500 6,967 92.9 — 538
Somalia 44,200 140,907 318.8 96,701 —
South Africa 1,365,400 1,979,784 145.0 614,430 46
Spain 1,935,400 1,166,543 603 — 768,859
Sri Lanka 303,600 283,396 93.3 — 20,205
Sudan 169,700 773,976 456.1 604,256 11
Suriname 67,600 67,601 100.0 — 0
Swaziland 36,500 33,520 91.8 — 3,002
Sweden 1,614,000 1,162,594 72.0 — 451,416
Switzerland 2,470,400 1,883,270 76.2 — 587,180
Syrian Arab Republic 209,900 209,903 100.0 — 5
Tajikistan, Republic of 60,000 60,000 1000 — 2
Tanzania 146,900 136,932 93.2 — 9,975
Thailand 573,900 309,330 53.9 — 264,577
Togo 54,300 57,527 105.9 3,470 248
Tonga 5,000 3,813 76.3 — 1,192
Trinidad and Tobago 246,800 339,923 137.7 93,131 9
Tunisia 206,000 413,265 200.6 207,300 36
Turkey 642,000 609,728 95.0 — 32,275
Turkmenistan, Republic of 48,000 48,000 100.0 — 5
Uganda 133,900 133,907 100.0 — —
Ukraine 997,300 997,300 100.0 — 10
United Arab Emirates 392,100 238,967 60.9 — 153,134
United Kingdom 7,414,600 6,057,108 81.7 — 1,357,538
United States 26,526,300 18,156,566 68.4 — 8,371,410
Uruguay 225,300 233,782 103.8 23,850 15,375
Uzbekistan, Republic of 199,500 199,500 100.0 — 5
Vanuatu 12,500 10,012 80.1 — 2,488
Venezuela 1,951,300 3,700,086 189.6 1,893,734 144,950
Viet Nam 241,600 314,080 130.0 72,480 5
Western Samoa 8,500 7,837 92.2 — 664
Yemen, Republic of 176,500 176,490 1000 — 13
Zaïre 291,000 475,807 163.5 184,807 —
Zambia 270,300 822,196 304.2 551,913 19
Zimbabwe 261,300 400,231 153.2 139,000 70
Total 144,859,000 140,980,507 — 25,455,306 29,338,010
1 Includes nonnegotiable. non-interest-bearing notes that members are entitled to issue in substitution for currencies.
2 Less than SDR 500.
GENERAL DEPARTMENT SCHEDULE OF REPURCHASES AND REPAYMENTS OF LOANS as at April 30, 1994(In thousands of SDRs)
Ending April 30
Account1
Overdue 1,683,060 23,790
1995 3,277,992 222,336
2001 1,333,854 74,957
2002 933,400 49,946
Total 25,532.668 1,835,247
1 A member is entitled to repurchase at any time the Fund’s holdings of its currency subject to charges and is expected to make repurchases as and when its balance of payments and reserve positions improve.
GENERAL DEPARTMENT STATUS OF ARRANGEMENTS as at April 30, 199(In thousands of SDRs)
Undrawn
Date of Arrangement
STAND-BY ARRANGEMENTS
Bulgaria April 11, 1994 March 31, 1995 69,740 46,490
Cameroon March 14, 1994 September 13, 1995 81,060 59,150
Central African Republic March 28, 1994 March 27, 1995 16,480 5,770
Chad March 23, 1994 March 22, 1995 16,520 6,195
El Salvador May 10, 1993 December 31, 1994 47,110 47,110
Estonia, Republic of October 27, 1993 March 26, 1995 11,625 9,300
Gabon March 30, 1994 March 29, 1995 38,600 33,090
Hungary September 15, 1993 December 14, 1994 340,000 283,300
Kazakhstan, Republic of January 26, 1994 January 25, 1995 123,750 111,375
Latvia, Republic of December 15, 1993 March 14, 1995 22,875 22,875
Lithuania, Republic of October 22, 1993 March 21, 1995 25,875 20,700
Moldova. Republic of December 17, 1993 March 16, 1995 51,750 47,250
Niger March 4, 1994 March 3, 1995 18,596 7,487
Panama February 24, 1992 September 23, 1994 74,170 19,600
Senegal March 2, 1994 March 1, 1995 47,560 16,646
Viet Nam October 6, 1993 October 5, 1994 145,000 84,600
TOTAL STAND-BY ARRANGEMENTS 1,130,711 820,938
EXTENDED ARRANGEMENTS
Argentina March 31, 1992 March 30, 1995 2,483,150 556,100
Egypt September 20, 1993 September 19, 1996 400,000 400,000
Jamaica December 11, 1992 December 10, 1995 109,125 54,750
Pakistan February 22, 1994 February 21, 1997 379,100 341,200
Peru March 18, 1993 March 17, 1996 1,018,100 375,414
Zimbabwe September 11, 1992 September 10, 1995 114,600 46,800
TOTAL EXTENDED ARRANGEMENT 4,504,075 1,774,264
TOTAL GENERAL RESOURCES ACCOUNT 5,634,786 2,595,202
STRUCTURAL ADJUSTMENT FACILITY
Comoros June 21, 1991 June 20, 1994 3,150 900
Ethiopia October 28, 1992 October 27, 1995 49,420 14,120
Sierra Leone March 28, 1994 March 27, 1995 27,020 —
TOTAL STRUCTURAL ADJUSTMENT FACILITY 79,590 15,020
SAF RESOURCES COMMITTED UNDER ESAF A R FtANG EMENTS1
Benin January 25, 1993 January 24, 1996 7,000 —
Bolivia Jury 27, 1988 May 31, 1994 45,350 —
Burkina Faso March 31, 1993 March 30, 1996 15,800 6,320
Equatorial Guinea February 3, 1993 February 2, 1996 2,950 1,475
Mali August 28, 1992 August 27, 1995 10,160 —
Mauritania December 9, 1992 December 8, 1994 3,410 —
Uganda April 17, 1989 June 30, 1994 19,920 —
TOTAL SAF RESOURCES COMMITTED UNDER ESAF 104,590 7,795
TOTAL SPECIAL DISBURSEMENT ACCOUNT 184,180 22,815
TOTAL GENERAL DEPARTMENT 5,818,966 2,618,017
1 Resources under enhanced structural adjustment facility arrangements may be provided from the structural adjustment facility within the Special Disbursement Account and from the Enhanced Structural Adjustment Facility Trust.
SDR Department
SDR DEPARTMENT STATEMENTS OF ALLOCATIONS AND HOLDINGS as at April 30, 1994 and 1993(In thousands of SDRs)
Net cumulative allocations of SDRs 21,433,330 21,433,330
Overdue charges 51,430 49,860
TOTAL ALLOCATIONS 21,484.760 21,483,190
Participants with holdings above allocations
Allocations 7,446,183 6,663,537
Net receipts of SDRs 3,860,608 2,196,147
11,306,791 8,859,684
Participants with holdings below allocations
Allocations 13,987,147 14,769,793
Net uses of SDRs 10.074,316 10,124,205
3.912,831 4,645,588
Total holdings of participants 15,219,622 13,505,272
General Resources Account 6,037,762 7,930,129
Holdings of SDRs by Prescribed Holders 227,376 47,789
TOTAL HOLDINGS 21,484,760 21,483,190
The accompanying note is an integral part of the financial statements.
SDR DEPARTMENT STATEMENTS OF RECEIPT AND USE for the years ended April 30, 1994 and 1993(In thousands of SDRs)
Total holdings at beginning of the year 13,505,272 7,930,129 47,789 21,483,90 21,471,309
Receipt of SDRs
Transfers among participants and prescribed holders
Transactions by agreement 3,032,616 89,460 3,122,076 5,055,983
Grants 23,672 23,672 —
Loans 146,870 146,870 2,766,979
Settlement of financial obligations 164,020 71,116 235,136 2,843,383
Fund-related operations
Subsidy payments 177 177 120
SAF/ESAF loans 116,305 116,305 27,745
SAF repayments and interest 82,879 82,879 12,599
Trust Fund repayments and interest 42,780 42,780 65
Special charges on SAF, ESAF, and Trust Fund 5,288 5,288 254
ESAF contributions and payments 5,864 173,695 179,559 47,131
ESAF repayments and interest 9,323 9,323 6,036
Net interest on SDRs 116,630 3,935 120,565 337,177
Transfers from participants to General Resources Account
Repurchases 642,264 642,264 583,122
Charges 1,424,523 1,424,523 1,797,811
Quota payments 70,728 70,728 12,643,192
Interest on SDRs 336,329 336,329 127,881
Assessment on SDR allocation 3,979 3,979 2,834
Adjustments — 5
Transfers from General Resources Account
to participants and prescribed holders
Purchases 2,675,856 2,675,856 5,768,524
Repayments of Fund borrowings 300,000 300,000 350,000
Interest on Fund borrowings 161,961 161,961 91,812
In exchange for currencies of other members
Acquisitions to pay charges 166,235 166,235 699,354
Remuneration 958,449 958,449 922,414
Refunds and adjustments 107,689 107,689 72,950
Total receipts 7,952,672 2,477,823 502,148 10,932,643 34,157,371
Use of SDRs
Transactions by agreement 2,939,012 183,064 3,122,076 5,055,983
ESAF contributions and payments 173,695 5,864 179,559 47,131
Transfers from General Resources Account to
participants and prescribed holders
Repayments on Fund borrowings 300,000 300,000 350,000
In exchange for currencies of other members Acquisitions to pay charges 166,235 166,235 699,354
Charges paid in the SDR Department
Net charges due 456,894 456,894 465,058
Charges not paid when due (24,497) (24,497) (36,307)
Settlement of unpaid charges 22,927 22,927 24,426
Total uses 6,238,322 4,370,190 322,561 10,931,073 34,145,490
Total holdings at end of the year 15,219,622 6,037,762 227,376 21,484,760 21,483,190
SDR DEPARTMENT NOTE TO THE FINANCIAL STATEMENTS April 30, 1994 and 1993
All transactions and operations involving SDRs are conducted through the SDR Department. Each member of the Fund can become a participant in the SDR Department. At April 30, 1994, all members of the Fund were participants in the SDR Department, SDRs are allocated by the Fund to members that are participants in the SDR Department in proportion to their quotas in the Fund. Allocations were made in 1970, 1971, and 1972, totaling SDR 9.3 billion. Further allocations were made in 1979, 1980, and 1981, totaling SDR 12.1 billion. SDRs do not constitute claims by holders against the Fund to provide currency. However, upon termination of participation or liquidation of the SDR Department, the Fund will provide to holders the currencies received from the withdrawing participants. The Fund is empowered to prescribe certain official entities as holders of SDRs: at April 30, 1994, fifteen institutions have been prescribed as holders. These prescribed holders do not receive allocations and cannot use or receive SDRs in designation.
uses of SDRs
The Fund ensures, by designating participants to provide freely usable currency in exchange for SDRs, that a participant can use its SDRs to obtain an equivalent amount of currency if it has a need because of its balance of payments or its reserve position or developments in its reserves. A participant is not obligated to provide currency for SDRs beyond the point at which its holdings of SDRs in excess of its net cumulative allocation are equal to twice its net cumulative allocation. A participant may, however, provide currency in excess of this limit. Participants and prescribed holders can also use and receive SDRs in transactions and operations by agreement among themselves. Participants can also use SDRs in operations and transactions involving the General Resources Account, such as the payment of charges and repurchases.
Interest, Charges, and Assessment
Interest is paid on holdings of SDRs. Charges are levied on each participant’s net cumulative allocation plus any negative balance of the participant or unpaid charges. Interest on SDR holdings is paid and charges on net cumulative allocations are collected on a quarterly basis Interest and charges are levied at the same rate and settled by crediting and debiting individual holdings accounts on the first day of the subsequent quarter. The SDR Department is required to pay interest to each holder, whether or not sufficient SDRs are received to meet the payment of interest. If sufficient SDRs are not received, because charges are overdue, additional SDRs are temporarily created. At April 30, 1994, charges of SDR 51.4 million were overdue (SDR 49.9 million at April 30, 1993). At April 30, 1994, seven members (ten members at April 30, 1993) were six months or more overdue in meeting financial obligations to the Fund and five of these members were six months or more overdue to the SDR Department (six members at April 30, 1993).
Unpaid charges of these members to the SDR Department were as follows:
Total overdue charges 440 47.5
Overdue for six months or more 39.6 41.2
Overdue for three years or more 10.5 9.9
The duration of arrears of these members were as follows:
Longest Overdue
Haiti 2.0 November 1991
Iraq 17.2 November 1990
Liberia 10.6 August 1988
Somalia 3.1 February 1991
Sudan 11.1 November 1990
Total 44.0
In addition, the Republic of Bosnia and Herzegovina and the Federal Republic of Yugoslavia (Serbia/Montenegro) were also six months or more overdue in meeting financial obligations to the Fund. Overdue SDR charges owed and outstanding by these two successor states to the former Socialist Federal Republic of Yugoslavia amounted to SDR 5.8 million at April 30, 1994 (SDR 2.2 million at April 30, 1993).
The rate of interest on the SDR is determined by reference to a combined market interest rate, which is a weighted average of yields or rates on short-term instruments in the capital markets of France, Germany, Japan, the United Kingdom, and the United States. The combined market interest rate used to determine the SDR interest rate is calculated each Friday, using the yields or rates of that day. The SDR interest rate, which is set equal to the combined market interest rate, enters into effect on the following Monday and applies until the end of the following Sunday.
The expenses of conducting the business of the SDR Department are paid by the Fund from the General Resources Account, which is reimbursed in SDRs by the SDR Department at the end of each financial year. For this purpose, the SDR Department levies an assessment on all participants in proportion to their net cumulative allocation.
Participants in the SDR Department
On December 14, 1992, the former Socialist Federal Republic of Yugoslavia ceased to be a member of the Fund. Each of the five successor states has agreed to its share in the assets and liabilities of the former Socialist Federal Republic
of Yugoslavia in the Fund as determined by the Fund. As at April 30, 1994, two of the successor states (Republic of Bosnia and Herzegovina and Federal Republic of Yugoslavia (Serbia/Montenegro)) had not succeeded to membership in the Fund and, therefore, are not participants in the SDR Department.
ENHANCED STRUCTURAL ADJUSTMENT FACILITY TRUST COMBINED BALANCE SHEETS as at April 30, 1994 and 1993(In thousands of SDRs)
Loans 2,397,316 — — 2,397,316 1,804,547
Investments (Note 2) — 819,681 1,318,720 2,138,401 1,406,953
Accrued interest 3,506 3,424 3,975 10,905 9,047
Currencies — 55 3 58 9
Accrued account transfers 17,860 — (17.860) — —
TOTAL ASSETS 2,418,682 823,160 1,304,838 4,546,660 3,220,556
RESOURCES AND LIABILITIES
Resources — 823,160 1,161,816 1,984,976 1,268,900
Borrowing (Note 4) 2,397,316 — 142,032 2,539,348 1,928,952
Accrued interest 21,315 — 990 22,305 22,660
Other liabilities 51 — — 51 44
TOTAL RESOURCES AND LIABILITIES 2,418,682 823,160 1,304,838 4,546,680 3,220,556
ENHANCED STRUCTURAL ADJUSTMENT FACILITY TRUST COMBINED INCOME STATEMENTS for the years ended April 30, 1994 and 1993(In thousands of SDRs)
Investment income 627 31,900 36,730 69,257 77,829
Interest on loans 9,938 — — 9,938 8,038
Exchange valuation gain (loss) — 39 (6) 31 (112)
Interest expense 68,416 — 1,411 69,827 72,571
Other expenses 57 — — 57 44
68,473 — 1,411 69,884 72,615
NET INCOME (LOSS) (57,908) 31,939 35,311 9,342 13,140
ENHANCED STRUCTURAL ADJUSTMENT FACILITY TRUST COMBINED STATEMENTS OF CHANGES IN RESOURCES for the years ended April 30, 1994 and 1993(In thousands of SDRs)
Balance, beginning of the year — 662,645 606,255 1,268,900 1,026,445
Contributions (Note 3) — — 199,031 199,031 125,545
Transfers from Special
Disbursement Account — 127,996 379,707 507,703 103,770
Subsidy Account transfers 58,488 — (58,488) — —
Loan Account transfers (580) 580 — — —
Net income (toss) (57,908) 31,939 35,311 9,342 13,140
Balance, end of the year — 823,160 1,161,816 1,984,976 1,268,900
ENHANCED STRUCTURAL ADJUSTMENT FACILITY TRUST NOTES TO THE FINANCIAL STATEMENTS April 30, 1994 and 1993
The Enhanced Structural Adjustment Facility Trust (“the Trust”), for which the Fund is Trustee, was established in December 1987 and was extended and enlarged in February 1994 to provide loans on concessional terms to qualifying low-income developing members. The resources of the Trust are separate from the assets of all other accounts of, or administered by, the Fund and may not be used to discharge liabilities or to meet losses incurred in the administration of other accounts.
The operations of the Trust are conducted through a Loan Account, a Reserve Account, and a Subsidy Account.
Loan Account
The resources of the Loan Account consist of the proceeds from borrowing and principal and interest payments on loans extended by the Trust. Resources of the Account are committed to qualifying members for a three-year period, upon approval by the Trustee, in support of the member’s macroeconomic and structural adjustment programs Interest on the outstanding loan balances is currently set at the rate of ½ of 1 percent per annum. At April 30, 1994, SDR 2,397.3 million in loans is outstanding (SDR 1,804.5 million at April 30, 1993).
Reserve Account
The resources of the Reserve Account consist of amounts transferred by the Fund from the Special Disbursement Account; net earnings from investment of resources held in the Account or in the Loan Account; and receipts of overdue principal or interest payments under Loan Account loans or interest under Loan Account loans when payment has been made to a lender from the Reserve Account.
The resources held in the Reserve Account are to be used by the Trustee to make payments of principal and interest on borrowing for the Loan Account to the extent that the amounts available from receipts of repayments and interest from borrowers under the Loan Account, together with the authorized interest subsidy, are insufficient to cover payments to lenders as they become due and payable.
Subsidy Account
The resources held in the Subsidy Account consist of donations to the Trust, including transfers of net earnings from administered accounts and amounts transferred by the Fund from the Special Disbursement Account; the proceeds of loans made to the Trust for the Subsidy Account; and the net earnings from investment of Account resources.
The resources available in the Subsidy Account are drawn by the Trustee to pay the difference, with respect to each interest period, between the interest due from the borrowers under the Trust and the interest due on resources borrowed for Loan Account loans.
1. Accounting Practices
The accounts of the Trust are expressed in terms of the SDR. SDRs are interest earning assets allocated to participants in the Fund’s SDR Department. The currency value of the SDR is determined by the Fund each day by summing the values in US. dollars, based on market exchange rates, of a basket of five currencies. The Fund’s procedures require that the SDR valuation basket be reviewed every five years and that it include the currencies of the members having the largest exports of goods and services during the five-year period ending one year prior to the date of the revisions. The SDR valuation basket was last reviewed in financial year 1991. The currencies comprising the basket and their amounts in the basket are as follows:
Members are not obligated to maintain the SDR value of their currencies held in the Accounts of the Trust.
The Accounts of the Trust are maintained on the accrual basis and, accordingly, income is recognized as it is earned and expenses are recorded as they are incurred. The expenses of conducting the business of the Trust that are paid by the General Resources Account of the Fund are reimbursed on an annual basis by the Special Disbursement Account, and corresponding transfers from the Trust’s Reserve Account may be made to the Special Disbursement Account, when and to the extent needed.
2. Investments
The resources of the Trust are invested pending their use in operations. Investments are denominated in SDRs or in currency. Balances held in currency-denominated investments may give rise to valuation gains and losses. Pending their investment, resources may be temporarily held in currency, which also may give rise to valuation gains and losses.
3. Contributions
The Trustee accepts contributions of resources for the Subsidy Account on such terms and conditions as agreed between the Trust and the contributors. Cumulative contributions received as at April 30, 1994 amounted to SDR 1,202.7 million (SDR 624.0 million at April 30, 1993), including SDR 380.0 million transferred from the Special Disbursement Account in February and March 1994 and are listed in schedule 1.
The Trust borrows resources for the Loan Account and for the Subsidy Account on such terms and conditions as agreed between the Trust and the lenders.
The following summarizes the borrowing agreements concluded as at April 30, 1994 (in thousands of SDRs):
Loan Account 4,945,000 2,546,219
Subsidy Account 151,365 9,333
Scheduled repayments of outstanding borrowing are shown in Schedule 2.
5. Commitments Under Loan Arrangements
At April 30, 1994, resources of the Loan Account were committed to members under twenty-two loan arrangements and undrawn balances under those arrangements amounted to SDR 1,367.5 million. At April 30, 1993, undrawn balances under twenty loan arrangements amounted to SDR 753.8 million. Loan arrangements are listed in Schedule 3. Scheduled repayments of outstanding loans are shown in Schedule 4.
ENHANCED STRUCTURAL ADJUSTMENT FACILITY TRUST CONTRIBUTIONS TO THE SUBSIDY ACCOUNT1 as at April 30, 1994(In thousands of SDRs)
Special Disbursement Account 379,707
Belgium 34,340
Germany 48,403
Greece 12,111
Iceland 1,100
Korea 27,700
Sweden 73,302
United Kingdom 122,589
United States 19,493
Total contributions received 1,202,688
1 The Subsidy Account also benefits from the net investment earnings of the proceeds of loans or investments, which amounted to SDR 142.0 million at April 30,1994.
ENHANCED STRUCTURAL ADJUSTMENT FACILITY TRUST SCHEDULE OF REPAYMENTS OF BORROWING as at April 30, 1994(In thousands of SDRs)
Ending April 301
1995 56,739 —
1996 130,771 —
1999 379,528 60.000
2003 177,535 1,365
2004 98,762 40,000
Total 2,397,316 142,032
1 Dates of repayment are the dates provided in the borrowing agreements between the Trustee and lenders.
ENHANCED STRUCTURAL ADJUSTMENT FACILITY TRUST STATUS OF LOAN ARRANGEMENTS1 as at April 30, 1994(In thousands of SDRs)
Amount Agreed
Undrawn Balance
ESAF
Date of
Albania July 14, 1993 Jury 13, 1996 42,360 — 42,360 25,420 — 25,420
Benin Jan. 25, 1993 Jan. 24, 1996 44,890 7,000 51,890 27,180 — 27,180
Bolivia July 27, 1988 May 31, 1994 117,910 45,350 163,260 13,605 — 13,605
Burkina Faso Mar. 31, 1993 Mar. 30, 1996 32,820 15,800 48.620 24,620 6.320 30,940
Burundi Nov. 13, 1991 Nov. 12, 1994 42,700 — 42,700 23,490 — 23,490
Côte d’lvoire Mar. 11, 1994 Mar. 10, 1997 333,480 — 333.430 273,930 — 273,930
Equatorial Guinea Feb. 3, 1993 Feb. 2, 1996 9,930 2,950 12,880 8,645 1,475 10,120
Guinea Nov. 6, 1991 Nov. 5, 1994 57,900 — 57,900 40,530 — 40,530
Honduras July 24, 1992 July 23, 1995 40,680 — 40,680 27,120 — 27,120
Kenya Dec.22, 1993 Dec. 21, 1994 45,230 — 45,230 22,615 — 22,615
Lao People’s
Democratic Republic June 4, 1993 June 3, 1996 35,190 — 35,190 23,460 — 23,460
Lesotho May 22, 1991 Aug. 1, 1994 18,120 — 18,120 — — —
Mali Aug. 28, 1992 Aug. 27, 1995 69,075 10,160 79,235 44,186 — 44.186
Mauritania Dec. 9, 1992 Dec. 8, 1994 30,490 3,410 33,900 8,475 — 8,475
Mongolia June 25, 1993 June 24, 1996 40,810 — 40,810 22,260 — 22,260
Nepal Oct. 5, 1992 Oct. 4, 1995 33,570 — 33,570 16,785 — 16,785
Pakistan Feb. 22, 1994 Feb. 21, 1997 606,600 — 606,600 505,500 — 505,500
Sierra Leone Mar. 28, 1994 Mar. 27, 1997 88,780 — 88,780 25,280 — 25,280
Sri Lanka Sep. 13, 1991 Mar. 29, 1995 336,000 — 336,000 56,000 — 56,000
Tanzania July 29, 1991 July 28, 1994 181,900 — 181,900 96,300 — 96,300
Uganda Apr. 17, 1989 June 30, 1994 199,200 19,920 219,120 — — —
Zimbabwe Sep. 11, 1992 Sep. 10, 1995 200,600 — 200,600 82,100 — 82,100
Total 2,608,235 104,590 2,712,825 1,367,501 7,795 1,375,296
1 Resources under enhanced structural adjustment facility arrangements may be provided from the structural adjustment facility within the Special Disbursement Account and from the Enhanced Structural Adjustment Facility Trust. The Saudi Fund for Development may also provide resources to support arrangements under the enhanced structural adjustment facility through loans to qualifying members in association with loans under the enhanced structural adjustment facility. As at April 30, 1994. SDR 19.5 million in such associated loans have been disbursed.
ENHANCED STRUCTURAL ADJUSTMENT FACILITY TRUST SCHEDULE OF REPAYMENTS OF LOANS as at April 30, 1994(In thousands of SDRs)
Periods of Repayment
1996 103,691
Total 2,397,316
ENHANCED STRUCTURAL ADJUSTMENT FACILITY ADMINISTERED ACCOUNTS BALANCE SHEETS as at April 30, 1994 and 1993(In thousands of SDRs)
Investments (Note 2) 60,000 180,010 70,000 60,000 100,010 35,000
Accrued interest receivable 398 40 211 8 13 67
Advance payments to ESAF
Subsidy Account — 105 — 92 131 —
TOTAL ASSETS 60,398 180,155 70,211 60,100 100,154 35,067
Resources 298 — 145 — — 2
Deposits (Note 3) 60,000 180,000 70,000 60,000 100.000 36,000
Accrued interest on deposits 100 155 66 100 154 65
TOTAL RESOURCES AND LIABILITIES 60,398 180,155 70,211 60,100 100,154 35,067
The accompanying notes are an integral part of the financial statements.
ENHANCED STRUCTURAL ADJUSTMENT FACILITY ADMINISTERED ACCOUNTS INCOME STATEMENTS for the years ended April 30, 1994 and 1993(In thousands of SDRs)
Investment income 2,595 4,327 1,492 3,505 5,834 2,067
Interest expense on deposits 300 502 176 300 500 175
NET INCOME 2,295 3,825 1,316 3,205 5,334 1,892
ENHANCED STRUCTURAL ADJUSTMENT FACILITY ADMINISTERED ACCOUNTS STATEMENTS OF CHANGES IN RESOURCES for the years ended April 30, 1994 and 1993(In thousands of SDRs)
Balance, beginning of the year — — 2 568 971 238
Transfers to Enhanced Structural Adjustment Facility Trust
Subsidy Account (1,997) (3,825) (1,173) (3,773) (6,305) (2,128)
Balance, end of the year 298 — 145 — — 2
ENHANCED STRUCTURAL ADJUSTMENT FACILITY ADMINISTERED ACCOUNT SAUDI FUND FOR DEVELOPMENT SPECIAL ACCOUNT STATEMENTS OF RECEIPTS AND USE OF RESOURCES for the years ended April 30, 1994 and 1993(In thousands of SDRs)
RECEIPT OF RESOURCES
Cumulative transfers from Saudi Fund for Development 19,500 19.500
Cumulative receipts of interest on associated loans 211 114
Accrued interest on associated loans 32 32
Total 19,743 19,646
USE OF RESOURCES
Associated loans (Note 4) 19,500 19,500
Cumulative payments of interest on loans 211 114
Accrued interest on transfers 32 32
ENHANCED STRUCTURAL ADJUSTMENT FACILITY ADMINISTERED ACCOUNTS NOTES TO THE FINANCIAL STATEMENTS April 30, 1994 and 1993
The Administered Accounts for Austria, Belgium, and Greece were established for the administration of resources deposited in the accounts. The difference between interest earned by the Administered Accounts and the interest on deposits due is transferred to the Subsidy Account of the Enhanced Structural Adjustment Facility Trust.
The Saudi Fund for Development (SFD) Special Account was established at the request of the SFD for the disbursement of amounts under loans made by the SFD to recipient countries in association with loans (associated loans) under the enhanced structural adjustment facility (ESAF), simultaneously with ESAF disbursements, and to receive payments of interest and repayments of principal due to the SFD under associated loans to be transferred to the SFD. The Fund acts as agent of the SFD in that respect.
The resources of each Administered Account are separate from the assets of all other accounts of, or administered by, the Fund and may not be used to discharge liabilities or to meet losses incurred in the administration of other accounts.
The accounts of the Administered Accounts are expressed in terms of the SDR. SDRs are interest-earning assets allocated to participants in the Fund’s SDR Department. The currency value of the SDR is determined by the Fund each day by summing the values in U.S. dollars, based on market exchange rates, of a basket of five currencies. The Fund’s procedures require that the SDR valuation basket be reviewed every five years and that it include the currencies of the members having the largest exports of goods and services during the five-year period ending one year prior to the date of the revisions. The SDR valuation basket was last reviewed in financial year 1991. The currencies comprising the basket and their amounts in the basket are as follows:
The accounts of the Administered Accounts are maintained on the accrual basis and, accordingly, income is recognized as it is earned and expenses are recorded as they are incurred.
The resources of the Administered Accounts for Austria, Belgium, and Greece are invested in SDR-denominated deposits and valued at costs, which approximate market value.
3. Deposits
The Administered Account Austria was established on December 27, 1988 for the administration of resources deposited in the account by the Austrian National Bank. The deposit totaling SDR 60.0 million is to be repaid in 10 equal semiannual installments beginning 5 ½ years after the date of the deposit and will be completed at the end of the tenth year after the date of the deposit. The deposit bears interest at a rate of ½ of 1 percent per annum.
The Administered Account Belgium was established on July 27, 1988 for the administration of resources deposited in the account by the National Bank of Belgium. Two deposits, totaling SDR 100.0 million and SDR 80.0 million, respectively, had an initial maturity of six months and are renewable, at the option of the Fund, on the same basis. The final maturity of each deposit, including renewals, will be 10 years from the initial date of the deposit. The deposits bear interest at a rate of ½ of 1 percent per annum.
The Administered Account Greece was established on November 30, 1988 for the administration of resources deposited in the account by the Bank of Greece. Two deposits, totaling SDR 35.0 million each, are to be repaid in 10 equal semiannual installments beginning 5 ½ years after the date of deposit and will be completed at the end of the tenth year after the date of the deposits. The deposits bear interest at a rate of ½ of 1 percent per annum.
4. Associated Loans
The SFD will provide resources up to the equivalent of SDR 200.0 million to support arrangements under the ESAF through loans to qualifying members in association with loans under the ESAF. Funds become available under an associated loan after a bilateral agreement between the SFD and the recipient country has been effected and when the recipient country satisfies the requisites and procedures for all or part of the loan amount. Amounts denominated in SDRs, for disbursement to a recipient country under an associated loan are placed by the SFD in the Special Account for disbursement by the Fund simultaneously with disbursements under an ESAF arrangement. These loans are repayable in 10 equal semiannual installments commencing not later than the end of the first six months of the sixth year, and are to be completed at the end of the tenth year after the date of disbursement. Interest on the outstanding balance is currently set at the rate of ½ of 1 percent per annum.
OTHER ADMINISTERED ACCOUNTS ESTABLISHED AT THE REQUEST OF MEMBERS BALANCE SHEETS as at April 30, 1994 and 1993(In thousands of U.S. dollars)
Administered
Account—Japan
Investments (Note 2) 58,300 100,200 6,778 4,794
Currency deposit 59 92 — —
Accrued interest receivable 6 — — —
TOTAL ASSETS 58,365 100,292 6,778 4,794
TOTAL RESOURCES 53,365 100,292 6,778 4,794
OTHER ADMINISTERED ACCOUNTS ESTABLISHED AT THE REQUEST OF MEMBERS INCOME STATEMENTS AND CHANGES IN RESOURCES for the years ended April 30, 1994 and 1993(in thousands of U.S. dollars)
Administered Assistance
Resource balance, beginning of the year 100,292 97,050 4,794 1,075
Contributions received — — 11,206 8,760
Income earned on investments 2,361 3,242 202 99
102,656 100,292 16,202 9,934
Payments to beneficiaries 44,291 — 9,424 5,140
Resource balance, end of the year 58,365 100,292 6,778 4,794
OTHER ADMINISTERED ACCOUNTS ESTABLISHED AT THE REQUEST OF MEMBERS NOTES TO THE FINANCIAL STATEMENTS April 30, 1994 and 1993
At the request of members, the Fund has established special purpose accounts to administer contributed resources, and to perform financial and technical services consistent with the purposes of the Fund. The assets of each Account are separate from the assets of all other accounts of, or administered by, the Fund and are not to be used to discharge liabilities or to meet losses incurred in the administration of other accounts.
Administered Account—Japan
At the request of Japan, the Fund established an Account on March 3, 1989 to administer resources made available by Japan or other countries with Japan’s concurrence, that are to be used to assist certain members with overdue obligations to the Fund. The resources of the Account are to be disbursed in amounts specified by Japan and to members designated by Japan. At April 30, 1994 and 1993, cumulative resources received amounted to $97.4 million, of which $58.3 million ($14.0 million at April 30, 1993) had been disbursed to certain beneficiaries.
Administered Technical Assistance Account—Japan
At the request of Japan, the Fund established an Account on March 19, 1990 to administer resources contributed by Japan that are to be used to finance technical assistance to member countries. Resources are to be used with the approval of Japan to assist members in resolving debt-related difficulties. Disbursements can also be made from the Account to the General Resources Account to reimburse the Fund for qualifying technical assistance projects. At April 30, 1994, cumulative contributions received by the Account amounted to $24.8 million ($13.6 million at April 30, 1993), of which $18.4 million ($9.0 million at April 30, 1993) had been disbursed. Cumulative contributions included $0.44 million earmarked for scholarships of which $0.38 million had been disbursed.
The Accounts are expressed in US. dollars. All transactions and operations of the Accounts, including the transfers to and from the Accounts, are denominated in US. dollars. Contributions denominated in other currencies are converted into US. dollars upon receipt of the funds.
The Accounts are maintained on the accrual basis, and, accordingly, income is recognized as it is earned and expenses are recorded as they are incurred.
The assets of the Accounts, pending their disbursement, are held in the form of repurchase agreements or interest-earning deposits and are valued at cost, equal to market value. Interest received on these assets varies and is market related.
3. Accounts Termination
The Account can be terminated by the Fund or by Japan. Any remaining resources in the Account at termination are to be returned promptly to Japan.
The Account can be terminated by the Fund or by Japan. Any resources that may remain in the Account at termination, net of accrued liabilities under Technical Assistance Projects, are to be returned promptly to Japan.
TRUST FUND BALANCE SHEETS as at April 30, 1994 and 1993(In thousands of SDRs)
Loans (Note 2) 105,464 157,723
Interest and charges receivable and accrued (Note 3) 25,115 31,780
TOTAL ASSETS 130,579 189,503
Trust resources 105,474 157,723
Liabilities Deferred income (Note 3) 25,105 31,780
TOTAL RESOURCES AND LIABILITIES 130,579 189,503
TRUST FUND INCOME STATEMENTS for the years ended April 30, 1994 and 1993(In thousands of SDRs)
Interest and charges on loans (Note 2) 7,866 5,138
Less income defferred(Note 3) 510 3,745
Investment income — 72
Exchange valuation loss — 2
NET INCOME 7,356 1,463
TRUST FUND STATEMENTS OF CHANGES IN TRUST RESOURCES for the years ended April 30, 1994 and 1993(In thousands of SDRs)
Balance, beginning of the year 157,723 157,861
Balance before transfers to the Special
Disbursement Account 165,079 159,324
Transfers to the Special Disbursement
Account (Note 4) 59,605 1,601
Balance, end of the year 105,474 157,723
TRUST FUND NOTES TO THE FINANCIAL STATEMENTS April 30, 1994 and 1993
The Trust Fund, for which the Fund is Trustee, was established in 1976 to provide balance of payments assistance on concessional terms to eligible members that qualify for assistance. In 1980, the Fund, as Trustee, decided that upon the completion of the final loan disbursements, the Trust Fund shall be terminated as of April 30, 1981. After that date, the activities of the Trust Fund have been confined to the completion of the unfinished business of the Trust Fund and the winding up of its affairs. The resources of the Trust Fund are separate from the assets of all other accounts of, or administered by, the Fund and cannot be used to discharge liabilities or to meet losses incurred in the administration of other Fund accounts.
The accounts of the Trust Fund are expressed in terms of the SDR. SDRs are interest-earning assets allocated to participants in the Fund’s SDR Department. The currency value of the SDR is determined by the Fund each day by summing the values in U.S. dollars, based on market exchange rates, of a basket of five currencies. The Fund’s procedures require that the SDR valuation basket be reviewed every five years and that it include the currencies of the members having the largest exports of goods and services during the five-year period ending one year prior to the date of the revisions. The SDR valuation basket was last reviewed in financial year 1991. The currencies comprising the basket and their amounts in the basket are as follows:
U.S.dollar 0.572
The accounts are maintained on the accrual basis, and, accordingly, income is recognized as it is earned, and expenses are recorded as they are incurred except that interest income from members that are overdue in settling their obligations to the Fund by six months or more is deferred and is recognized as income only when paid, unless the member has remained current in settling charges when due (see Note 3). Following the termination of the Trust Fund as of April 30, 1981, residual administrative costs have been absorbed by the General Resources Account of the Fund.
2. Loans
Loans were made from the Trust Fund to those eligible members that qualified for assistance in accordance with the provisions of the Trust Fund Instrument. The final Trust Fund loan installment was due on March 31, 1991. Interest on the outstanding loan balances is charged at the rate of ½ of 1 percent per annum, while special charges have been levied on late payments of interest and principal since February 1986. Beginning May 1, 1993, special charges on overdue obligations to the Trust Fund have been suspended for members who are more than six months overdue.
3. Overdue Obligations
At April 30, 1994, four members (six members at April 30, 1993) with obligations to the Trust Fund were six months or more late in discharging their obligations to the Trust Fund. The recognition of interest income on the loans outstanding to these members and special charges due from them is being deferred. At April 30, 1994, total deferred income amounted to SDR 25.1 million (SDR 31.8 million at April 30, 1993). Overdue loan repayments and interest and special charges due from these members were as follows:
Interest and
Special Charges
Total overdue 105.5 157.7 24.9 30.8
Overdue six months or more 105.5 157.7 24.7 29.0
Overdue three years or more 105.5 156.7 16.2 15.3
The type and duration of the arrears of these members at April 30, 1994. were as follows:
and Special
Liberia 25.0 6.2 31.2 January 1985
Somalia 6.5 1.2 7.7 July 1987
Sudan 67.4 16.7 84.1 July 1984
Zambia 66 0.8 7.4 April 1989
Total 105.5 24.9 130.4
4. Transfer of Resources
The resources of the Trust Fund held on April 30, 1981 or received thereafter have been employed to pay interest and principal when due on loan obligations and to make transfers to the Special Disbursement Account.
SUPPLEMENTARY FINANCING FACILITY SUBSIDY ACCOUNT BALANCE SHEETS as at April 30, 1994 and 1993(In thousands of SDRs)
Deposits 2,781 2,828
Accrued interest on deposits 29 36
TOTAL ASSETS 2,810 2,864
TOTAL RESOURCES 2,810 2,864
SUPPLEMENTARY FINANCING FACILITY SUBSIDY ACCOUNT INCOME STATEMENTS AND CHANGES IN RESOURCES for the years ended April 30, 1994 and 1993(In thousands of SDRs)
Resource balance, beginning of the year 2,864 2,818
Investment income 123 166
Resource balance before subsidy payments 2,987 2,984
Subsidy payments 177 120
Resource balance, end of the year 2,810 2,864
The accompanying note is an integral part ot the financial statements.
SUPPLEMENTARY FINANCING FACILITY SUBSIDY ACCOUNT NOTE TO THE FINANCIAL STATEMENTS April 30, 1994 and 1993
The Supplementary Financing Facility Subsidy Account ("the Subsidy Account"). which is administered by the Fund, was established in December 1980 to assist low-income developing members to meet the cost of using resources made available through the Fund’s supplementary financing facility and under the policy on exceptional use. The accounts of the Subsidy Account are expressed in terms of the SDR. The accounts are maintained on the accrual basis and accordingly, income is recognized as earned. The resources of the Subsidy Account are separate from the assets of all other accounts of or administered by the Fund and cannot be used to discharge liabilities or to meet losses incurred in the administration of other Fund accounts.
All repurchases due under these policies were scheduled for completion by January 31, 1991 and the final subsidy payments were approved in July 1991. However, two members (Liberia and Sudan), overdue in the payment of charges, remain ineligible to receive previously approved subsidy payments until their overdue charges are settled. Accordingly, the Account remains in operation and has retained amounts for payment to these members after the overdue charges are paid. At April 30, 1994, subsidy payments totaling SDR 2.2 million had not been made to the two members (at April 30, 1993, SDR 2.4 million to three members).
REPORT OF THE EXTERNAL AUDIT COMMITTEE STAFF RETIREMENT PLAN
Authority and Scope of Audit
In accordance with Section 20(b) of the By-Laws of the International Monetary Fund, we have audited the financial statements of the Staff Retirement Plan for the year ended April 30, 1994.
Our audit was conducted in accordance with generally accepted auditing standards and included reviews of the accounting and internal control systems, and tests of the accounting records. We evaluated the extent and results of the work of the outside accounting firm as well as that of the Office of Internal Audit and Review and also used other audit procedures as deemed necessary.
In our opinion, the financial statements of the Staff Retirement Plan have been prepared in accordance with generally accepted accounting principles applied on a basis consistent with that of the preceding year, and give a true and fair view of the financial status of the Staff Retirement Plan as at April 30, 1994, and of the changes in financial status for the year then ended.
/s/ Mohammed Zouhair Tallai, Chairman
(Syrian Arab Republic)
STAFF RETIREMENT PLAN STATEMENTS OF ACCUMULATED PLAN BENEFITS AND NET ASSETS AVAILABLE FOR BENEFITS as at April 30, 1994 and 1993(In thousands of U.S. dollars)
Accumulated Plan Benefits
Actuarial present value of accumulated Plan benefits
Vested benefits
Retired participants 434,300 406,000
Active participants 429,700 374,600
Nonvested benefits 547,600 490,400
Total actuarial present value of accumulated Plan benefits 1,411,600 1,271,000
Assets Available for Benefits
Investments, at current value (Note 3)
Portfolio denominated in U.S. dollars 1,075,312 823,122
Portfolio denominated in other currencies 886,447 895,919
Accrued interest and dividends 8.774 12,017
Contributions 1,542 1,223
Other 44 9
Cash at bank — 12
Total assets 1,972,119 1,732,302
Accounts payable 2,478 2,200
Net assets available for benefits 1,969,641 1,730,102
Excess of net assets available for benefits over actuarial
present value of accumulated Plan benefits (Note 2) 558,041 459,102
STAFF RETIREMENT PLAN STATEMENTS OF CHANGES IN ACCUMULATED PLAN BENEFITS for the years ended April 30, 1994 and 1993(In thousands of U.S. dollars)
Actuarial present value of accumulated
Plan benefits at beginning of the year 1,271,000 1,170,800
Increase (decrease) during the year attributable to
Benefits accumulated (Note 1) 70,763 38,788
Increase for interest due to decrease in discount period 106,500 98,000
Benefits paid (36,663) (36,588)
Net increase 140,600 100,200
Plan benefits at end of the year 1,411,600 1,271,000
STAFF RETIREMENT PLAN STATEMENTS OF CHANGES IN NET ASSETS AVAILABLE FOR BENEFITS for the years ended April 30, 1994 and 1993(In thousands of U.S. dollars)
Investment Income
Net gain in current value of investments (Note 3) 165,586 141,244
Interest and dividends 61,626 60,560
Contributions(Note 2)
International Monetary Fund 39,480 29,398
Participants 17,625 15,424
Participants restored to service 112 634
Net transfers to retirement plans of
other international organizations (774) (117)
Total additions 283,655 247,143
Pension 30,872 28,336
Commutation 2,790 5,536
Withdrawal 2,488 1,986
Death 513 730
Investment Fees
Manager 6,198 5,175
Custodian 1,255 1,027
Total payments 44,116 42,790
Net additions 239,539 204,353
Net Assets Available for Benefits at
Beginning of the year 1,730,102 1,525,749
End of the year 1,969,641 1,730,102
STAFF RETIREMENT PLAN NOTES TO THE FINANCIAL STATEMENTS as at April 30, 1994 and 1993
Description of the Plan
The Staff Retirement Plan (Plan) is a defined benefit pension plan covering nearly all staff members of the International Monetary Fund (Employer). All assets and income of the Plan are the property of the Employer and are held and administered by it separately from all its other property and assets and are to be used solely for the benefit of participants, retired participants, and their beneficiaries.
Annual Pension
Participants are entitled to an unreduced pension beginning at normal retirement age of 62. The amount of the pension is based on the number of years of service, age at retirement, and highest average gross remuneration. The provisions for determining gross remuneration are different for benefits earned before and after May 1, 1990. The gross remuneration on which pensions from the Plan are based is limited to a predetermined amount, which is periodically adjusted. Pension benefits attributable to gross remuneration in excess of this amount are paid from the Supplemental Retirement Benefit Plan.
The accrual rate of benefits earned before May 1, 1990 was 2 percent of gross remuneration for each year of service, while the accrual rate of benefits earned after May 1, 1990 is 2.2 percent for the first 25 years of service and 1.8 percent for the next 10 years of service. The pensions of participants hired before May 1, 1990 are based on a prorated combination of the old and new accrual rates, using the time period of service before and after May 1, 1990.
Participants between the ages of 50 and 55 may retire with a reduced pension if their age and years of service total at least 75. Participants age 55 and older may retire with an unreduced pension if the sum of their age and years of service equals 85 or more. Early retirement pensions are based on normal pensions.
Cost of Living Adjustment
Whenever the cost of living increases during a financial year, pensions shall be augmented by a pension supplement that, expressed in percentage terms, shall be equal to the increase in the cost of living for the financial year. If the cost of living increase for a financial year should exceed 3 percent, the Employer has the right, for good cause, to reduce prospectively the additional supplement to not less than 3 percent. Deferred pensions become subject to cost of living adjustments when the sum of a former participant’s age and years of service is at least 50.
Withdrawal Benefit
Upon termination, a participant with at least three years of eligible service may elect to receive either a withdrawal benefit or a deferred pension to commence after the participant has reached the age of 55 or age 50 if age and years of service add to at least 75. The withdrawal benefit is a percentage of the participant’s highest average gross remuneration.
A pensioner entitled to receive a normal, early retirement, or deferred pension may elect to commute up to one third of his or her pension, and receive a lump-sum amount at retirement in lieu of the amount of pension commuted. A participant entitled to receive a disability pension may elect to commute one third of the early retirement pension that would otherwise have been applicable.
Disability Pensions, Death Benefits, and Survivor Benefits
The Plan also provides for disability pensions, death benefits, and benefits to surviving spouses and children of deceased participants.
Currency of Pension Payments
A participant may elect to have his pension paid in the currency of the country in which he has established permanent residence or in a combination of two currencies—the U.S. dollar and the currency of the country in which the participant is a permanent resident. As a result of an amendment to the Plan that became effective on May 1, 1991, the additional cost of paying pensions in local currency, formerly paid by the employer, is now paid by the Plan.
As a condition of employment, regular staff members are required to participate in and to contribute to the Plan. The contribution rate is presently 7 percent of the participant’s gross remuneration. Certain other categories of staff members may elect to participate in the Plan.
The Employer meets certain administrative costs of the Plan, such as the actuary’s fees, and contributes any additional amount not provided by the contribution of participants to pay costs and expenses of the Plan not otherwise covered. In financial year 1994, the administrative costs met by the Employer were approximately $0.13 million ($0.13 million in 1993).
Plan Termination
In the event of the termination of the Plan by the Employer, the assets of the Plan shall be used to satisfy all liabilities to participants, retired participants, and their beneficiaries, and all other liabilities of the Plan. Any remaining balance of the assets shall be returned to the Employer.
The actuarial value of vested benefits is presented for two categories. For retired participants, the amount presented equals the present value of the benefits expected to be paid over the future lifetime of the pensioner, and, if applicable, the surviving spouse of the pensioner. For active participants, the amount presented equals the present value of the deferred pension earned to the valuation date for a participant, or if greater, the value of the withdrawal benefit for that participant, summed over all participants. For the purpose of determining the actuarial value of the vested benefits at the end of the Plan year, it is assumed that the Plan will continue to exist and that salaries will continue to rise, but that participants will not earn pension benefits beyond the date of the calculation.
The amount of nonvested benefits represents the total of the withdrawal benefits of all participants with less than three years of eligible service together with the estimated effect of projected salary increases on benefits expected to be paid.
In contrast to the actuarial valuation for funding purposes, the actuarial valuation used for the financial statements represents the portion of the benefit obligation that had been accumulated by April 30, 1994. It reflects only the service to that date and does not take into account the fact that the value of accumulated benefits, which are the Plan’s liabilities, is expected to increase each year. Nor does it take into account the fact that the market value of investments may fluctuate from year to year, which is significant because the employer’s liability is the excess of the present value of accumulated benefits over the value of the assets. Accordingly, the financial statements do not measure the amount that the Employer will be required to fund in the future.
Valuation of Investments
Investments in securities listed on stock exchanges are valued at the last reported market sales price on the last business day of the accounting period. Over-the-counter securities are valued at their bid price on the last business day of the accounting period. Investments in real estate are valued at the last reported appraised value. Purchases and sales made by U.S. investment managers are recorded on the settlement date basis, and transactions made by the international investment managers are recorded on the trade date basis.
Dividend and interest income from investments are recognized as they are earned.
2. Actuarial Valuation and Funding Policy
Under the actuarial valuation used for funding Calculations, it is assumed that the Plan will continue to exist and that active participants will continue to earn pension benefits beyond the date of the valuation until the date of withdrawal, disability, death, or retirement, but that no new participant will join the Plan (the “closed method").
Funding by the Employer is based upon a valuation method, known as the “aggregate method.” which expresses liabilities and contribution requirements as single consolidated figures that include provision for experience gains and losses and cost of living increases. Required Employer contributions are expressed as a percentage to be applied to the gross remuneration of participants and are based upon the valuation completed 12 months previously. For the financial year that began on May 1, 1992, this rate was 13.41 percent and was 16.05 percent for the year that began on May 1, 1993 based upon the valuation at April 30, 1992. The proposed rate for the year beginning May 1, 1994 is 14.43 percent of the new gross remuneration.
The actuarial assumptions used in the valuation to determine the Employer contribution in recent years include (a) life expectancy based upon the 1980 and 1982 United Nations mortality tables for men and women, respectively, (b) withdrawal or retirement of a certain percentage of staff at each age, differentiated by sex, (c) an average rate of return on investments of 8.5 percent per annum, (d) an average inflation rate of 5 percent per annum, (e) salary increase percentages that vary with age, and (f) valuation of assets using a five-year moving average method.
Several of the actuarial assumptions used to determine the Employer contribution were changed for years beginning after April 30, 1991. The changes include (1) basing life expectancies on the 1984 and 1982 United Nations mortality tables for men and women, respectively, with each table set back one year and (2) increasing the liabilities of the Plan by 1 percent to reflect the May 1, 1991 incorporation into the Plan of the Pension Parity Adjustment System, which are reflected in the 1991 and 1990 valuations.
The results of the April 30, 1993 and 1992 valuations are:
In millions of U.S. dollars
Present value of benefits payable 2,034 1,847
Less: Assets for valuation purposes 1,521 1,369
Required future funding 513 473
Less: Present value of prospective
contributions from participants
(7 percent of gross remuneration) 175 154
Present value of future funding required
from the Employer 338 324
A summary of investments at market values is as follows:
Portfolio denominated in U.S. dollars
Common and preferred stock 558 526
Short-term investments 266 102
U.S. Government securities 154 97
Real estate 51 49
Corporate bonds and debentures 46 48
Venture capital 1 1
Portfolio denominated in other currencies 886 896
The net gain in the current value of investments represents the gains and losses realized during the year from the sale of investments, the unrealized appreciation and depreciation of the market value of investments, and, for investments denominated in currencies other than U.S. dollars, valuation differences arising from exchange rate changes of other currencies against the U.S. dollar.
The Plan enters into forward foreign currency exchange contracts to reduce the impact of foreign currency fluctuations relative to investments in its international portfolio and also invests in financial futures contracts. Although the face amount of these contracts is not included in net assets available for plan benefits, the changes in value of such contracts are recognized currently in the financial statements. Excluding offsetting positions for which the Plan considers there is no material credit risk, the Plan, at April 30, 1994 had $391 million in open positions in equity, fixed income, and currency futures contracts and $85 million in open positions in forward foreign exchange contracts and swaps.
REPORT OF THE EXTERNAL AUDIT COMMITTEE SUPPLEMENTAL RETIREMENT BENEFIT PLAN
Washington, DC.,
In accordance with Section 20(b) of the By-Laws of the International Monetary Fund, we have audited the financial statements of the Supplemental Retirement Benefit Plan for the year ended April 30, 1994.
In our opinion, the financial statements of the Supplemental Retirement Benefit Plan have been prepared in accordance with generally accepted accounting principles applied on a basis consistent with that of the preceding year, and give a true and fair view of the financial status of the Supplemental Retirement Benefit Plan as at April 30, 1994, and of the changes in financial status for the year then ended.
SUPPLEMENTAL RETIREMENT BENEFIT PLAN STATEMENTS OF ACCUMULATED PLAN BENEFITS AND ASSETS AVAILABLE FOR BENEFITS as at April 30, 1994 and 1993(In thousands of U.S. dollars)
Vested benefits 6,700 6,400
Nonvested benefits 100 100
Total actuarial present value of accumulated Plan benefits 6,800 6,500
Contribution — 4
Cash at bank (Note 3) 1 401
Assets available for benefits 1 405
Excess of actuarial present value of accumulated Plan
benefits over assets available for benefits 6,799 6,095
SUPPLEMENTAL RETIREMENT BENEFIT PLAN STATEMENTS OF CHANGES IN ACCUMULATED PLAN BENEFITS for the years ended April 30, 1994 and 1993(In thousands of U.S. dollars)
Plan benefits at beginning of the year 6,500 4,700
Increase (decrease) during the period attributable to
Benefits accumulated 231 1,948
Increase for interest due to decrease in discount period 500 400
Benefits paid (431) (548)
Net increase 300 1,800
Plan benefits at end of the year 6,800 6,500
SUPPLEMENTAL RETIREMENT BENEFIT PLAN STATEMENTS OF CHANGES IN ASSETS AVAILABLE FOR BENEFITS for the years ended April 30, 1994 and 1993(in thousands of U.S. dollars)
Interest income 8 11
International Monetary Fund 218 534
Participants 92 66
Transfer of contributions (Note 4) (291) —
Total additions 27 611
Pension 431 359
Communication — 189
Total payments 431 548
Net (decrease) increase (404) 63
Assets Available for Benefits at
Beginning of the year 405 342
End of the year 1 405
SUPPLEMENTAL RETIREMENT BENEFIT PLAN NOTES TO THE FINANCIAL STATEMENTS as at April 30, 1994 and 1993
Description of Supplemental Retirement Benefit Plan
The Supplemental Retirement Benefit Plan (SRBP) is a defined benefit pension plan covering all participants of the Staff Retirement Plan of the International Monetary Fund (Employer) and operates as an adjunct to that Plan. All assets and income of the SRBP are the property of the Employer and are held and administered by it separately from all its other property and assets and are to be used solely for the benefit of participants and retired participants and their beneficiaries.
The Staff Retirement Plan has adopted limits to pensions payable from that Plan. The SRBP provides for the payment of any benefit that would otherwise have been payable if these limits had not been adopted.
In financial year 1994, 29 pensioners received benefits from the SRBP (27 in financial year 1993).
Prior to retirement, the Employer partially prefunds the SRBP for non-US, citizens who plan to retire in the United States, so that the taxable income of the participant is approximately equal to, but not more than, such income that would have accrued if the entire benefit had been payable from any of the prefunded assets of the Staff Retirement Plan. The prefunded amounts are used to pay any of the benefits payable, whether for U.S. or non-U.S. staff. Should the assets of the SRBP be exhausted, benefits will be paid from current contributions by the Employer.
SRBP Termination
In the event of the termination of the SRBP by the Employer, the assets of the SRBP shall be used to satisfy all liabilities to participants, retired participants and their beneficiaries, and all other liabilities of the SRBP.
Accumulated SRBP Benefits
The actuarial present value of accumulated SRBP benefits is stated as at the date of the most recent actuarial valuation, which was April 30, 1994. The actuarial value of benefits is presented for two categories. The vested benefits relate to retired participants and the amount presented equals the present value of the benefits expected to be paid over the future lifetime of the pensioner, and, if applicable, the surviving spouse of the pensioner.
The nonvested benefits relate to active participants and the amount presented equals the present value of the supplemental deferred pension earned to the valuation date for a participant, taking into account the estimated effect of projected salary increases. For the purpose of determining the actuarial value of the benefits at the end of the period, it is assumed that the SRBP will continue to exist, but that participants will not accumulate further contributory service beyond the date of the calculation.
Interest income from investments is recognized as it is earned.
2. Actuarial Valuation
The actuarial assumptions used in the valuation to determine the employer contribution in recent years include (a) life expectancy based upon the 1980 and 1982 United Nations mortality tables for men and women, respectively, (b) withdrawal or retirement of a certain percentage of staff at each age, differentiated by sex, (c) an average rate of return on investments of 8.5 percent per annum, (d) an average inflation rate of 5 percent per annum, (e) salary increase percentages which vary with age, and (f) valuation of assets using a five-year moving average method.
Several of the actuarial assumptions used to determine the employer contribution were changed for years beginning after April 30, 1991. The changes include (1) basing life expectancies on the 1984 and 1982 United Nations mortality tables for men and women, respectively, with each table set back one year and (2) increasing the liabilities of the SRBP by 1 percent to reflect the May 1, 1991 incorporation into the SRBP of the Pension Parity Adjustment System.
3. Assets
Cash balances are maintained in a money market deposit account.
4. Transfer of Contributions
Because of a retroactive change in U.S. tax regulations, contributions to the Staff Retirement Plan on behalf of current staff are no longer limited. Consequently, employees’ contributions to the SRBP for financial years 1990-1994, with respect to current participants, were transferred from the SRBP to the Staff Retirement Plan. The transfer of resources amounted to $291,279.
Glossary of Abbreviations
Bank of Central African States
Central Rank of West African States
CCFF
Compensatory and contingency financing facility
CMEA
Council for Mutual Economic Assistance
Cofinancing Trust Account
EMCF
European Monetary Cooperation Fund
Exchange rate mechanism of the EMS
Enhanced structural adjustment facility
General Arrangements to Borrow
General Agreement on Tariffs and Trade
International Bank for Reconstruction and Development (World Bank)
JVI
Joint Vienna Institute
London interbank offered rate
North American Free Trade Agreement
Net material product
Organization for Economic Cooperation and Development
Special drawing right
System of National Accounts
Systemic transformation facility
United Nations Development Program
In this Report, “Board” refers to the Executive Board of the Fund; references to the Board of Governors are stated fully.
The study was subsequently released as IMF Occasional Paper, No. 108, Recent Experiences with Surges in Capitol Inflows (Washington, December 1993),
Enhanced surveillance is not performed under Article IV of the Fund’s Articles; it is a service provided at the request of members under Article V, Section
The bicyclic procedure was a modified consultation procedure involving a Board discussion every second year and a simplified interim procedure in the intervening year. It had been introduced in 1987 to reduce workload strains on the Board and staff while still attempting to ensure effective surveillance. It had been adopted initially for 23 countries and was eventually applied to 31 countries.
The 1994 consultation discussion with Japan will take place in the fiancial year 1994/95 and will be described in the 1995 Annual Report.
For further information, see Financial Relations Among Countries of the Former Soviet Union, IMF Economic Review, No.
Reserve tranche purchases were made by 10 members in 1993/94 (SDR 0.1 billion), compared with Sri members (SDR 3.2 billion) in 1992/93. The high level of reserve tranche purchases in 1992/93 was related to members’ payments of their increased quota subscriptions under the Ninth General Review; these payments created reserve tranche positions which subsequently were purchased, in many cases in order to repay loans used to make the payments. Reserve tranche purchases represent members’ use of their own Fund-related assets and not use of Fund credit.
Effective May 1, 1993, the Fund capitalized and depreciated expenditures of a capital nature, in lieu of the previous method of expensing them when incurred. The Fund also recognized the costs of providing postretirement benefits to its employees when those benefits are earned.
the data in this section include the overdue financial obligations of the Federal Republic of Yugoslavia (Serbia and Montenegro) and the Republic of Bosnia and Herzegovina, which have not yet completed arrangements for succession to membership in the Fund.
These prescribed holders of SDRs are the African Development Bank, African Development Fund Andean Reserve Fund. Arab Monetary Fund, Asian Development Bank. Bank of Central African States, Bank for International Settlements. Central Bank of West African States. East African Development Bank. Eastern Caribbean Central Bank, International Bank for Reconstruction and Development. International Development Association, International Fund for Agricultural Development, Islamic Development Bank, and Nordic Investment Bank.
As the Fund cannot hold SDRs in the SDA or in its capacity as trustee of accounts administered for the benefit of members, SDRs for these accounts are held by prescribed holders on behalf of the Fund.
The Fund’s Articles of Agreement provide for a designation mechanism whereby participants whose balance of payments and reserve positions are deemed sufficiently strong are obliged, or designated, by the Fund to provide freely usable currencies up to specified amounts in exchange for SDRs. In transactions with designation, the participant exchanging its SDRs is required to make a representation to the Fund that it has a need to use its SDRs. and not for the sole purpose of changing the composition of its reserves. There were no transactions with designation in 1993/94. for the sixth consecutive year, as potential exchanges of SDRs through the designation mechanism were channeled through voluntary transactions by agreement with other participants.
See Annual Report, 1993. pages 97 and 147.
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Patent Ductus Arteriosus (PDA) in Dogs
by Dr. Patty Khuly, VMD, MBA
In the developing embryo, certain organs are not required to assume their normal function. That’s why some blood vessels in the embryo serve to bypass these organs entirely. The lungs are among the organs not necessary to the embryo and are circumvented by a vessel called the “ductus arteriosus,” which shunts blood from the pulmonary artery (which normally supplies blood to the lungs) to the aorta (which supplies the entire body).
In the neonate, this structure is expected to completely close within the first week of life so that the blood can move directly to the lungs and receive the oxygen the body needs to carry on normal functions. When this vessel remains open, the resulting disease is called “patent ductus arteriosus” or “PDA.”
In affected animals, the pressure change in the heart after birth results in a reverse flow of blood through the still open vessel (from the aorta to the pulmonary artery), which allows for an increased blood flow to the lungs (though, less commonly, the blood will flow in the opposite direction through the vessel). Too much blood in the lungs means fluid build-up. Too much blood in the left side of the heart means the heart has to work harder. Both problems mean this disease will end in heart failure, usually within the first year or two of life, depending on its severity––that is, if the disease remains untreated.
Symptoms and Identification
In this most common of congenital heart defects in dogs, puppies will usually have a loud, continuous heart murmur detectable on the very first veterinary visit. It’s at this point that a PDA will be suspected and the pet referred to a cardiologist, internist and/or veterinary surgeon.
Definitive diagnosis at this point involves an echocardiogram (heart ultrasound) with doppler (to demonstrate the direction of blood flow in the abnormal vessel, EKG (electrocardiogram) and X-rays (which may show an enlarged left side of the heart).
Should a delay in the diagnosis and treatment occur, the heart may begin to fail. In these cases, fluid in the lungs causes coughing, labored breathing, exercise intolerance and sometimes collapse. Left untreated, most affected animals will eventually succumb to heart failure, usually before 1-2 years of age, though some less severe cases (where the vessel is partially or almost completely closed) may do well for long periods of time.
Affected Breeds
Breeds most at risk for this disease are the Maltese, Pomeranian, Shetland Sheepdog and Kerry Blue Terrier. An increased risk has been demonstrated in the Keeshond, Miniature and Toy Poodle, Bichon Frise, Yorkshire Terrier, English Springer Spaniel, Collie, Cocker Spaniel, German Shepherd, Irish Setter and Chihuahua.
This is a highly treatable heart condition as long as early intervention is undertaken (between 8 to 16 weeks). Surgery is the mainstay of correction and it’s considered a fairly simple surgery, despite the need to enter the chest cavity to get it done. Cardiologists and board certified surgeons are both usually well-equipped to handle this procedure. Dogs so treated usually have a normal life expectancy.
Owners of dogs for whom the expense of surgery is too high will find that medical management of the disease through drugs and exercise restriction will usually be insufficient, though this depends on the degree of patency of the abnormal vessel.
Dogs who already have signs of heart failure by the time treatment is undertaken may not fare so well, even with surgery, and will likely require a lifetime of medication to compensate for some irreversible changes to the heart as a result of the condition.
Veterinary Cost
The typical cost for diagnosis and treatment of a PDA when accomplished early on in the disease process runs at about $2,500 to $5,000. Drug management is considered relatively inexpensive due to the short lifespans of these patients ($30-$100 a month).
The mode of inheritance is considered complex. Affected dogs and their parents and siblings should not be bred. This is the only known means of prevention at the current time.
Bonagura, J.D. and Darke, P.G.G. 1995. Congenital heart disease. In S.J. Ettinger and E.C. Feldman (eds.)Textbook of Veterinary Internal Medicine, p. 892-943. W.B. Saunders, Toronto.
Patterson, D.F. 1989. Hereditary congenital heart defects in dogs. Journal of Small Animal Practice 30:153-165. Information on inheritance.
Patterson, D.F. 1996. The genetics of canine congenital heart disease. ACVIM - Proceedings of the 14th Annual Veterinary Medical Forum: 225-226. This reference has good information for breeders and veterinarians regarding screening and genetic counseling for congenital heart defects.
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Pet health insurance is administered by Embrace Pet Insurance Agency, LLC and underwritten by one of the licensed insurers of American Modern Insurance Group, Inc., including American Modern Home Insurance Company d/b/a in CA as American Modern Insurance Company (Lic. No 2222-8), and American Southern Home Insurance Company. Coverage is subject to policy terms, conditions, limitations, exclusions, underwriting review, and approval, and may not be available for all risks or in all states. Rates and discounts vary, are determined by many factors, and are subject to change. Wellness Rewards is offered as a supplementary, non-insurance benefit administered by Embrace Pet Insurance Agency in the United States. © 2016 American Modern Insurance Group, Inc.
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Learn More About the All New Ford C-MAX
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Your connection to the road just got stronger with SYNC and SYNC 3. Complete with innovations such as hands-free calling, automatic phone book download, music search, and SYNC AppLink™, as well as EV content which shows the vehicle mode such as Hybrid Drive, Charging EV Battery, Idle, Electric Drive, and even scheduling to charge when utility rates are at their lowest.
Keep it simple in the event of inclement weather with rain-sensing wipers. Simply select the sensitivity level, and the C-MAX will turn on the wipers when rain or snow is detected on the windshield.
Park with ease in nearly any parking situation as available enhanced active park assist uses the vehicle’s 12 ultrasonic sensors to scan for suitable parking spaces, and then assists by backing the vehicle into the spot. All you have to do is shift, accelerate and brake, and active park assist will take care of the steering.
Safety, from every angle.
Seven Standard Airbags
SOS Post-Crash Alert System
Safety Canopy System
When it comes to safety, there’s no substitute for an alert driver. Providing tools to heighten your awareness and provide protection in the event of the unexpected, the Ford C-MAX steps ahead of the competition by offering a Safety Canopy System, SOS-Post Crash Alert System™, and seven standard airbags. Simply stated, it is safety that senses and shields.
Keep your most-precious cargo safe and sound with the seven standard airbags found in the Ford C-MAX. Located under the steering wheel, the knee airbag works alongside the driver’s front airbag, in conjunction with the front-seat side airbags and side-curtain airbags for complete protection in the event of an accident.
In the event of the unexpected, take comfort in knowing help will be able to find you. When the airbags deploy, the SOS Post-Crash Alert System activates the horn and emergency flashers. After help has arrived, simply deactivate the system with the press of a button on the key fob.
Keep a clear view of surroundings with the C-MAX’s reverse sensing system. Located well-within eyesight at the center stack, the Reverse Sensing System provides a display of what’s behind you with parking guides in addition to providing audible beeps as you approach objects. So go ahead, and show of those parallel parking skills.
In the event of an unexpected rollover accident, the safety canopy system deploys first and second-row side curtain airbags between an occupant’s head and the side window for additional head protection.
Good looks; even better performance.
2.0L Hybrid Electric Powertrain
eCVT (Electronically Controlled Continuously Variable Transmission)
Regenerative Braking System
Electric Power-Assisted Steering (EPAS)
The new Ford C-MAX offers the best of both worlds- the power of gas to go the distance, and the technology of electricity for unmatched efficiency. Either way, whatever C-MAX you choose, rest assured that you’ll have a smooth ride and ample capability for any drive. So go Hybrid, or Plug-in Hybrid. Either way, you have the power.
Enjoy best-in-class horsepower in the C-MAX Hybrid, compliments of the combined energy of a state-of-the-art lithium-ion battery and the 2.0L Atkinson-cycle I-4 gas engine. Delivering 188 combined horsepower, and capable of a top speed of up to 85mph when in all-electric mode, it’s safe to say the Ford C-MAX provides the best of all worlds when it comes to performance.
Engineered, designed, and produced in-house by Ford, the Electronically Controlled Continuously Variable Transmission or eCVT blends the power from the engine and electric motor to eliminate noticeable upshifts and downshifts, providing a seamless driving experience.
Recover more than 90% of the energy that would normally be lost with the regenerative braking system found in the C-MAX and send it back to the battery pack to be stored for later use. After you’ve braked, the Brake Coach shows the percentage of available energy you’ve recovered and returned to the battery while coaching you to brake efficiency for maximum energy retention.
Maintain a clear path with Electric Power-Assisted Steering (EPAS) which continually adapts to driving conditions, offering light responsiveness in low speeds and firmer handling at higher speeds for enhanced control. It’s just one of the ways the Ford C-MAX was designed with you in mind.
Rating: 9.0 out of 10
for Overall Vehicle Safety Rating.
for Overall Vehicle Score.
Here's to Confidence
Fuel economy, style, and power share the same headline.
Welcome to the Ford C-MAX, the culmination of unbeatable performance, efficiency, and refinement. Whatever your motivation, whether it’s efficiency, eco-consciousness, performance, or versatility, the Ford C-MAX delivers. Offering state-of-the-art features, such as Active Park Assist, SYNC 3, and standard rearview camera, the Ford C-MAX is the most equipped hybrid to date. Quite simply, it’s more-by design- and it’s only available at Garber Automall in Green Cove Springs.
View Our Ford C-MAX Inventory
Schedule a No Pressure Test Drive
Experience the New Ford C-MAX for yourself
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Zip Code - UNUSED
Check out the rest of our Ford model lineup below
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Samsung Galaxy S10 review
Samsung Galaxy J5 (2017) leaks in images
Himanshu 19 April 2017
The Samsung Galaxy J5 (2017) - which has already received WiFi certification from the WiFi Alliance (WFA), and has also been spotted in benchmark listings - has now leaked in a couple of images.
Specs-wise, according to its benchmark listings, the phone is powered by Exynos 7870 SoC and has 2GB/16GB memory configuration. It features a 12MP rear as well as front camera, and runs Android Nougat (version 7.0) out of the box.
There's currently no information on when the device will be made official, and what price tag it will carry.
Samsung Galaxy J5 (2017) surfaces
Samsung Galaxy J5 (2017) GFXBench listing reveals 12MP selfie camera
Samsung Galaxy J5 (2017) spotted on Geekbench with octa-core CPU, Android 7.0
March security patch hitting Samsung Galaxy J2 Prime, J5 (2016), and C5
SjZ
It is metal. Where did you see glass ? The back clearly has antenna lines
m5k
About time that the new 2017 J series came out....been waiting ages to see what the specs would be and how this compares with the G5 & G5 plus and Nokia 5/6.
The new design looks good, especially if Samsung wants to go down the dual camera route in it's smartphones.
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Pre-order Kid Icarus: Uprising, get NES version for free
When Kid Icarus: Uprising launches in March it will already have a freebie included with the game, but we’re a bit worried as to why Nintendo feels it necessary to ship a 3DS stand with it. Apparently the stand makes the game easier to play due to the control mapping, but surely fixing the mapping for portable gaming would have been a better solution?
Regardless of potential portability issues, if you pre-order the game in the U.S., chances are you’re going to get another extra thrown in. A code allowing a free download of the original NES Kid Icarus game will be included if you purchase from a retailer taking part in the promotion. Those retailers have yet to be announced.
The NES original has been updated in the graphics department, made a part of the 3D Classics range, and will be available from the 3DS eShop. It also includes a new “intensity ranking” allowing you to slide a scale in increments of 0.1 between 0.0 and 9.0. The higher up the scale you go the more difficult/intense the gameplay becomes. If that proves popular, we could see it included in a lot more games in the future.
Here’s the updated classic in action:
Kid Icarus: Uprising remains a key title for Nintendo, and was actually the first to be announced for the new portable system back in June 2010. And it certainly offers up something different with gameplay that reminds of both Star Fox and Sin and Punishment as the gameplay trailer below demonstrates.
Let’s hope it delivers for both Nintendo and gamers when it launches on March 23.
via ShackNews
3D Classics
More in Games
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Play These Nintendo Switch Games Before ‘Pokemon Sword and Shield’
07.11.2019 :: 9:45AM EDT :: Jordan Minor
Watch: Geek and Mashable Go Head-to-Head in 'Super Mario Maker 2'
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Shark Talks Weakness Of Today's Players Inside 150, Why The Masters Can Make Players Use Anything They'd Like
We forget that when Greg Norman is not hawking golf carts and posting shirtless Instagram images, he can be a keen observer of the game.
In an interview with an unbylined Gant News writer filing for the CNN affiliate, Norman touches on Patrick Reed knowing so little about his clubs, LPGA players being more accurate with their drivers and many other topics.
But the two getting my attention involved what he sees as a big change in the prowess of today's players with a wedge approach (inside, gulp, 150 yards).
“If you look at today’s top players, their distance control inside 150 yards with a wedge is quite amazingly poor,” he said.
“These guys are 20ft short, 30ft left, 20ft long, their distance control is not consistent. It could just be the way they play — when it works, it works and when it doesn’t, it doesn’t.
“In our era, every time you’d put a pitching wedge in your hand, if you didn’t think you’d get the ball inside 10ft every time, or seven out of 10 times, you weren’t having any control over your golf game.”
I do see this in watching many of today's players compared to Norman's era and wonder what the exact cause is that makes Phil Mickelson and Zach Johnson such standouts in this distance.
On the topic of distance, Norman agrees with others that this is about sustainability and Augusta National could be the solution.
“I remember the eighth hole at Augusta was nearly impossible to reach in two and now these guys are hitting irons in there,” said Norman who finished second three times at The Masters, perhaps most notably in 1996 when he blew a six-shot lead and Nick Faldo took the green jacket.
“Augusta can’t lengthen itself anymore but the tech is going to allow these players to keep hitting it longer year after year.
“If they sent out an invitation to the players and said ‘you’re going to use a gutter percha ball and a hickory shafted golf club, go get them worked out, practice before you get there, the best player will still win that week.
“The best players have that ability to make that adjustment no matter what they’re using.”
2018 Masters, Greg Norman, LPGA, PGA Tour, Players, State of the Game, Technology
President Trump Tees It Up With ...
Ogilvy Talks Rollback: "Seems Like ...
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Establishment Bradfield Dungworth Primary School
Dungworth Green, Dungworth, Sheffield, South Yorkshire, S6 6HE
Sheffield (373)
Mrs H Adams
http://www.bradfielddungworth.co.uk/ Opens in new window
ABBI COOPER Governor Elected by school staff 01/09/2017 29/04/2019
ALAN ISAACSON Governor Appointed by GB/board 02/10/2018 29/04/2019
ANDREW BECKERMAN Chair of governors Appointed by GB/board 09/12/2015 29/04/2019
ANDREW BECKERMAN Governor Appointed by GB/board 31/01/2019 29/04/2019
JESSICA GILBERT Governor Appointed by GB/board 02/10/2018 29/04/2019
JOHN HAMERTON Governor Appointed by GB/board 02/10/2018 29/04/2019
MARTIN PERRYMAN Governor Nominated by LA and appointed by GB 01/04/2017 29/04/2019
SMART MELANIE Governor Appointed by GB/board 02/10/2018 29/04/2019
MICHELLE SCOTT Governor Elected by parents 11/02/2015 10/02/2019
PAULA LOOMBE Governor Elected by parents 11/02/2015 10/02/2019
STUART MAILKLEM Governor Appointed by GB/board 02/10/2018 31/01/2019
Angela Donnelly Chair of governors Appointed by GB/board 01/10/2015 31/08/2018
These establishments are linked with Bradfield Dungworth Primary School, URN: 107072. For example, they may be predecessor or successor establishments.
146488 Bradfield Dungworth Primary School Successor 31/10/2018
Stannington
Sheffield, Hallam
Sheffield 023A
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Songwriting and Video Challenge
The Race is a songwriting and viral video competition
for all artists worldwide
The Race is a songwriting and viral video competition for all artists worldwide
Record your songs, live gigs, and other amazing feats on video.
Send them, get heard by Pros, get promoted, and WIN
Record your songs, live gigs, and other amazing feats on video. Send them, get heard by Pros, get promoted, and WIN
Winners will play live at The Global Battle of the Bands GBOB World Final as their country's representative
Winners from each country will play live at The Global Battle of the Bands World Final as their country's representative
PRIZES AND PRIVILEDGES
PLAY LIVE AT THE GLOBAL BATTLE OF THE BANDS WORLD FINAL
GBOB is The Global Battle of the Bands - the worldwide music competition for bands playing their own songs - live. Live Competitions happen in different countries around the world, and the winners will go to the GBOB World Final.
No GBOB Live competition in your country? Win the The Race online and go directly to the World Final as your country's representative. Or, there's a live competition in your country, but your band was eliminated along the way? You can still make it to the GBOB World Final if you win The Race.
SEE GBOB
GET HEARD BY INDUSTRY PROS
Judges and A&R in The Race and in GBOB are Industry Pros - Labels, Promoters, DJs, Amazing Musicians and Songwriters, and other guests who have the potential to help you make your music better, and get your music out to more fans on a wider scale.
SEE JUDGES
GET PROMOTED AND WIN A HUGE WORTH OF MUSIC PRIZES
Get a chance to be promoted by viral video currators, playlist currators and radio, video, and TV Partners. Win special products and services from Partners and Sponsors from around the world. More to be announced soon!
SEE PARTNERS AND PRIZES
3 STEPS TO ENTER THE RACE
FINISH THE RACE
Send your Best Songs and Videos
WARNING : PLEASE READ CAREFULLY
Original song written by the band or artist only. No covers unless excplicitly stated. More
Global Music Garden is a platform for artists to promote their original music. All music submitted, and all music used in videos, must be composed by the Artist. However, if there is one category that explicitly allows a cover song, only then are cover songs accepted.
Should it be reported and proven that an artist has sent a song not created by him, artist will be banned from joining or becoming a member of Global Music Garden forever.
All music genres are accepted. More
All kinds of music genres are accepted.
For videos categories, Artists and Bands must be reconizeable in the video. More
In the case of masks or facepaint - as long as the artist or band can prove without a doubt that they are the people on the video - either by a side video showing them without masks, or showing their faces after the main part of the video, as part of the credits and video bloopers.
Send only song and video links. More
We can only accept online links of your songs and/or videos. Unfortunately, we cannot accept physical copies sent by mail, or uploads in our site. If you do not wish to have your songs in a public streaming service, please send via email to info@globalmusicgarden.com
Both low and high quality audio and video recordings are accepted. More
A song or video's winning streak will not depend on whether the artist can afford expensive recording or production of their song or video. It will depend on creativity of the material. If band also manages to put out an amazing video production using their own skills, that is also credited to the band.
Song and/or Video must abide by Community Standards. More
If anything does not agree, we reserve the right to request content to be censored before we publish it online. It will be band's responsibility to censor said content and resubmit it again. Please read COMMUNITY STANDARDS here.
Each unique video can be submitted only once, forever. More
You can submit a video only once. If a video fits the requirements of two or more categories, please submit it to only one category and make new ones for the others. If you've joined The Race during the previous years, please do not submit the same video you sent the last years.
Each unique song can be submitted unlimited times. More
Unlike videos, your original songs can be submitted to several song categories, as long as it fits the requirements of that category. It can also be submitted again to the competition in the future, if you wish to.
All artists rightfully own all their songs and videos. More
All Artists and Bands who send their music in this competition rightfully own all their music, videos, and content. We only reserve the right to use it for promotional purposes.
SEND THREE ORIGINAL SONGS
Judging criteria mainly depends on the general appeal, form, melodies, and hooks in a song.
You may send a maximum three songs. If you send only one or two, thats fine.
Judging criteria mainly depends on the general appeal, form, melodies, and hooks in a song. You may send a maximum three songs. If you send only one or two, thats fine.
Send Your Fourth Music Video
Please send your fourth music video. The video above is "Crystallize" by Lindsey Stirling. As...
Send Here
Send Your Fifth Music Video
Please send your fifth music video. The video above features the famous "Mad Drummer" Steve...
Send Your Sixth Music Video
PLease send your sixth music video here. The song above is "Only Your Heart" by Sonoride from...
SEND THREE LIVE PERFORMANCE VIDEOS
Judging criteria mainly depends on artist or band's general performance appeal.
You may send a maximum of three videos. If you send only one or two, that's fine.
Judging criteria mainly depends on artist or band's general performance appeal. You may send a maximum of three videos. If you send only one or two, that's fine.
Send Your First Music Video
Please send your first music video here. The video above is "My Tribe" by "The Marker" from Romania....
lease send your second music video. The video above is "Forcing the Earth" by "Stroy" from...
Send Your Third Music Video
Please send your third music video. The video above is "Night Sky" by "Benedikt and Friends We...
SEND A MUSIC VIDEO
Judging criteria mainly depends on artistry and general appeal of the video.
Send Your Music Video
Please send your best music video in the submission form below. The example above is Radiohead,...
SEND A VIRAL VIDEO
Videos can range from instrumental videos, stage dives, to cat videos, prank videos, funny videos, and anything else, as long as it's related to your own original songs and that you are on it. Judging criteria mainly depends on how many unique votes, likes, shares, or views, a video receives.
Send Your Viral Video
Anything which resembles a viral video: pranks, interesting experiments, spoofs, funny moments,...
AFTER SENDING
Please wait 24 hours for our A&R to review your song and video submissions. Afterwards, you will receive an email when your songs and/or videos are now confirmed and posted online in The Race.
In that email, you will receive the link to STEP 2
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Press release / Oct. 18, 2018
Alarm bells sound for China’s trade reputation, as new report reveals destructive logging of Solomon Islands’ rainforests risks illegality
Tweet Share Forests China Papua New Guinea DONATE
Thursday 18th October, 2018 - New evidence released today by anti-corruption NGO Global Witness shows that hugely unsustainable rates of logging and the high risk of illegal practices on the once pristine paradise of the Solomon Islands are putting China’s reputation as a global trading partner at risk.
Using satellite imagery and drone photography, the Paradise Lost report highlights how the Solomon Islands’ tropical forests – often portrayed in travel magazines as ‘untouched’ – are being logged at nearly twenty times the sustainable rate, with Chinese companies alone importing twelve times more than is sustainable.
If this continues, the Solomon Islands’ natural forests are predicted to be commercially exhausted by 2036.
Despite being the largest importer of logs from the Solomon Islands, China requires no checks to ensure timber coming from the Islands or elsewhere is not illegally or unsustainably logged.
In 2017 alone, the Solomon Islands exported enough timber to fill Beijing’s Olympic stadium even though the entire country is less than twice the size of the Beijing municipality [1]. The small country is smothered in 12,613 km of logging roads: twice the length of the Yangtze River, one of the world’s longest rivers.
This small group of islands is China’s second biggest source of tropical logs, after Papua New Guinea (PNG) [2]. Together, Solomon Islands and PNG supply an astonishing 50% of China’s tropical log imports and we found widespread risk of illegality in both countries’ forest sectors
Timber from the Solomon Islands is at high risk of being illegal under its domestic laws. This makes purchasing it a commercial risk for Chinese companies and China’s major wood trading partners - including the US, UK, Japan, South Korea, Canada, Australia and the EU - all of which have laws in place that require companies to check that timber is legally harvested at source. The impact of this was seen in a recent $13 million fine of criminal charges to giant American flooring retailer, Lumber Liquidators, in relation to imports of flooring made in China using illegal wood.
The report published today reveals a high risk of illegal and exploitative practices by logging companies on the ground in the Solomon Islands.
The findings show that:
There is a high risk that logging companies do not get the permission of local landowners to log in the way required by law;
There is a high risk that companies log in prohibited places and harvest protected species;
There is a high risk that companies do not pay the taxes they owe to the people of the Islands.
Global Witness is calling on China to put in place regulations requiring companies to carry out due diligence to check that timber is, at a minimum, legal in its country of harvest. It warns that if the practice carries on unchecked and this major carbon sink is lost, it will have disastrous and irreparable impacts on biodiversity and the global climate already being pushed to danger point.
Beibei Yin, Campaign Leader, Global Witness said:
“While the Solomon Islands are marketed as a pristine tropical idyll, our investigation shows that the reality is very different. The hugely unsustainable rate of logging, the high risks of illegality and the fact that the industry does little to benefit local people all create a bleak picture of islands far from unspoiled or unexploited.”
“While China is taking serious and positive steps to address environmental degradation and to reduce pollution and carbon emissions at home, it is overlooking an important aspect of its ecological footprint: the raw materials that it sources from abroad. If China continues to buy its wood with ‘no questions asked’ from the Solomon Islands it jeopardises its own business interests as well as efforts by its trading partners to improve governance, prevent environmental degradation, and mitigate climate change. It has the power and chance to make this change.”
In order to help curtail the issues of illegality and unsustainability revealed in the report, we recommend the following:
The Chinese government should put in place mandatory measures requiring all timber importers to carry out due diligence to ensure they do not import timber produced in violation of source country laws.
The Chinese government should expand its national Green Supply Chain policies to include requirements on the sourcing of timber and other raw materials abroad, by establishing mandatory requirement for these materials to be sourced legally.
The Solomon Islands government should immediately place a moratorium on all existing logging operations and review the issuance of their permits and the operations themselves for legal violations. Permits found to have been issued or operated illegally should be cancelled.
Until such time as a moratorium is imposed:
The Solomon Islands government should create a publicly accessible electronic system of documents related to the issuance and oversight of logging operations
The Solomon Islands should re-join the Extractive Industries Transparency Initiative, extending the coverage to forestry
The Solomon Islands should employ an independent organisation or expert company to verify the volumes, values and species of logs that are exported in order to check that the logging companies are paying the correct amount of taxes.
/ ENDS
Beibei Yin, Senior Campaigner, Asia Forests
+ 44 (0)7841341096
Heather Iqbal, Senior Communications Advisor
In 2017, the Solomon Islands exported more than 3 million cubic metres of logs.
In 2016, PNG provided 29% of China’s tropical log imports, making it the country’s single largest supplier, yet much of it is illegally sourced. See our report A Major Liability: Illegal logging in Papua New Guinea threatens China's timber sector and global reputation for more information.
High quality, full colour drone footage, photographs and satellite imagery for this report can be found here.
Video News Release for broadcast can be found here.
Embargoed copy of the report available in English and Chinese on request.
Interviews with Campaign Leader Beibei Yin are available on request. Please contact Heather Iqbal ([email protected] OR 00 44 7828 505 758) with any interview requests or for further information.
About Global Witness: Global Witness investigates and campaigns to change the system by exposing the economic networks behind conflict, corruption and environmental destruction.
ForestsReport
At first glance, the Solomon Islands looks like a tropical paradise with palm-fringed white sand beaches and pristine, biodiverse rainforests. But look closer and the paradise isn’t so idyllic.
A Major Liability
As China continues to import huge volumes of timber from Papua New Guinea, its continued failure to regulate against illegally produced wood is putting its own reputation at risk.
ForestsBlog post
Why I’m cautiously hopeful about China’s baby steps towards regulating timber imports
China may be heading in the right direction and joining a growing global community who prohibit illegal timber imports by law.
EMBARGOED - Solomon Islands Press Release.pdf
Conflicts of interest plague U.S. Department of Interior as Trump appointee received up to $2.1 million in royalties from oil companies
Unprecedented corporate bribery trial begins against Shell, Eni, CEO and executives
Global Witness Statement on U.S. Senate Judiciary Committee Hearing on ending anonymous companies and the TITLE Act
Liberian legislature must ensure Lands Rights Act protects rural landowners
UE : Conclusion de l’accord relatif aux minerais du conflit, mais avec certaines exemptions
EU: Conflict Minerals agreement reached as exemptions added
Anti-corruption summit: Afghan commitments a step forward in the fight against corruption
European Parliament defies lobbying to vote for strong conflict minerals regulation
European Parliament looks set to cave in to big business over conflict minerals trade
Shell shareholders at risk from billion dollar Nigerian oil scandal, says Global Witness
Azerbaijan reprimanded by international transparency initiative for civil society crackdowns
European Parliament’s Trade Committee wastes ground-breaking opportunity on conflict minerals
Call for transparency and honesty over costs and benefits of any UK oil “windfall”
Liberia Has Burned the Furniture to Warm the House
Leaked Ugandan oil contracts will put more in state coffers but could leave people and environment at risk
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Orlando Pirates sign Bidvest Wits forward Frank Mhango
Bidvest Wits
The 26-year-old attacker will become Bucs' eighth signing once he passes his medicals at the Houghton-based side
Bidvest Wits forward Frank Mhango is set to complete his move to Premier Soccer League (PSL) giants Orlando Pirates.
The Malawi international has established himself as one of the top attackers in the country and his exploits for the Clever Boys have attracted interest from the Buccaneers.
Mhango, who impressed at the recent 2019 Cosafa Cup in Durban, helped Wits clinch the PSL title, MTN8 Cup and Telkom Knockout Cup.
On Wednesday, Bucs announced that they have agreed terms with Students over the services of Mhango ahead of the new 2019/20 campaign.
"Orlando Pirates Football Club can confirm that it has reached an agreement with Bidvest Wits for the services of forward Gabadinho Mhango."
"The 26 year old Malawian international will undergo a medical tomorrow and join his new teammates for the afternoon training session."
"Orlando Pirates Football Club would like to thank Wits’ management for the professional manner that these negotiations were conducted," a club statement read.
Pirates have beaten their PSL rivals Kaizer Chiefs and SuperSport United to the signing of the experienced attacker.
Mhango has been linked with Amakhosi and Matsatsantsa since last year, but he is now set to join the 1995 Caf Champions League winners.
The Chiweta-born player fell out of favour under Wits head coach Gavin Hunt during the recent campaign, and made 12 appearances in the league and scored three goals in the process.
He will compete with the likes of Justin Shonga, Augustine Mulenga and Thembinkosi Lorch in the Bucs attacking department next season.
Akpeyi: I wish Algeria can retake the free-kick
Neymar interview recording stolen
Sell Ozil & get Ziyech for half the price! - Ajax chief Overmars
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Deputy Attorney General Rod Rosenstein announced the 12 Russian indictments Friday. Evan Vucci/AP
Analysis: It’s a Precarious Time for Any Official in Trump’s Orbit
Russian Spies Used Bitcoin To Hack The U.S. 2016 Election, Says The Department Of Justice
Russian cyberspies used the cryptocurrency to pay for US servers and host hacked information.
Max de Haldevang,
By Max de Haldevang
Russian intelligence agents used bitcoin to pay for crucial elements of a campaign to sway the 2016 election, according to a federal indictmentreleased today. They allegedly laundered more than $95,000 in total through bitcoin.
Twelve hackers working for the GRU, Russia’s military intelligence, hacked into the Democratic National Committee and Democratic Congressional Campaign Committee, the indictment says. It also explains that they used the controversial cryptocurrency to hide their identities as they leased servers in the US and Malaysia, registered website domains through which they released hacked information, and bought virtual private networks (VPNs) that obscured their identity.
The hackers bought bitcoin in various ways, including through peer-to-peer exchanges, using pre-paid credit cards, and using other digital currencies, the indictment says. This allowed them to launder Kremlin money across the world, including by leasing servers in Illinois and Arizona. These servers stored the hacked information.
They also mined their own bitcoin, using that money in several ways, including to pay a Romanian company to set up the website dcleaks.com via a payment processing company in the US, making it seem as if the site had been set up in America. They used the site to disseminate hacked information, falsely claiming that it had been set up by US hackers.
NEXT STORY: U.S. Plans ‘Continuous Evaluation’ of New and Existing Security Clearances
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Ari Lennox Went From Uber Driving to Headlining Her Own Tour
Alex Shultz
Ed Sheeran's New Song with Travis Scott Games the System
Brennan Carley
Adele Has Returned With 'Hello,' So Here, Watch the Video 1,000 Times
John Jannuzzi
Music Internet has been shivering with excitement over the past few days, a shudder caused largely by Adele’s teasing of her long-awaited album 25. We’ve seen personal notes from the singer, heard teasers, and finally, finally, have a single to satiate us until the full album drops on November 20. And in this era of autotune, pop queens, and Hotline Blings, her voice cuts through all of it, and reminds us why she’s one of the most talented artists of… ever?
In her tweeted explanation of the album, Adele tells us that her last record was a “break-up record,” she continues, “If I had to label this one I would call it a make-up record. I’m making up with myself. Making up for lost time. Making up for everything I ever did and never did.” That’s some heavy stuff. Of the single, which will chill you to your emotional bones, she says it’s “very intimate” and “very conversational.” It’s a powerful ballad, there’s no denying that, she even jokingly compared it to a Meatloaf song when speaking with the BBC. (Quite honestly, if the world needs anything, it’s more Meatloaf-esque ballads as far as I’m concerned.)
Though we’ve got about a month until 25 comes out, it already looks to be another collection of fantastic songs. There are tracks produced in collaboration with powerhouses like Max Martin, Danger Mouse, and Ryan Tedder. All of whom have helped create some of the most popular songs of the last decade. Until we’ve got more, we’ll be dialing up every one of our ex’s, praying it goes straight to voicemail and blasting this song into the phone. If you care to do the same, the video for the single is below (co-starring Tristan Wilds from The Wire).
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Travel Guidebook
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Greetings folks. I am excited to announce that I will be starting a weekly newsletter for A Gringo in Buenos Aires! The plan is as follows: The plan will be … Read More
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A New Dining Concept In Buenos Aires Fuudis, a new concept in the Buenos Aires dining scene, combines live artistic performances, tours of the city and innovative culinary experiences.
A Watery Weekend From Buenos Aires The Argentine capital is well known for its gourmet cuisine, fabulous shopping, frenzied nightlife and top-drawer activities – but when weary porteños (residents of Buenos Aires) wish to escape the commotion of the big city, the town of Tigre and its surr
Buenos Aires Cowboy Fair La Feria De Mataderos is a weekly fair in the Argentine capital with traditional folk dancing, handicrafts and food, as well as popular gaucho (cowboy) demonstrations.
Buenos Aires Critical Mass Thousands of cyclists from all walks of life regularly gather in Buenos Aires for a communal, organic event that celebrates the joys of cycling and promotes its positive effect on the city.
Buenos Aires World Of Art ArteBA — one of South America’s most important contemporary art fairs — is bringing the biggest names in Latin American art to the Argentine capital.
Buenos Aires’ Must See Music Event Buenos Aires offers different events every night of the week, but for a truly unique snapshot of the city’s music scene, La Bomba Del Tiempo is not to be missed.
Buenos Aires’s Man Tour Combing history, macho activities and old-school Porteño flavour, the Man Tour offers travellers an inside look at the panache of Buenos Aires men.
Drinks With A View In Buenos Aires While Buenos Aires is already known for its open-air bars and lounges, there are few options that take advantage of the city’s stunning skyline.
English Comedy in Buenos Aires The first English language stand-up comedy show has arrived in Buenos Aires.
In Buenos Aires – A Private Chef Dinner Inspired By Art Puertas cerradas — closed-door restaurants that operate out of a chef’s private home — are becoming increasingly popular in Buenos Aires, and Max’s Supper Club is one of the most creative spots to try.
Innovative cuisine pops up in Buenos Aires Fuelled by the demand for diverse cuisine in a city dominated by pizzerias and parrillas, pop up restaurants are stealing the show.
Lunge With The Locals In Buenos Aires After a few days in Buenos Aires, the local diet of steak and wine may have some travellers yearning for a little exercise.
Out And About In Buenos Aires Buenos Aires is one of the most gay-friendly cities in South America, with a tolerant attitude and thriving nightlife scene. For gay travellers to the Argentine capital, one of the best ways to sample the city’s varied nightlife is to spend a night on the
Playing polo in Buenos Aires Take in a match or saddle up yourself in one of the world’s great cities for the sport.
Rock around the clock in Buenos Aires The best small clubs and bars where Argentine rock bands battle to make a name for themselves.
Seeing Buenos Aires Through A Different Lens Plenty of travellers bring a camera on holiday and snap photos to record their trip, but fewer people use their cameras to discover new neighbourhoods or see a destination differently.
Where to find the best steak in Buenos Aires Discover the parrillas that only locals know about on culinary-themed walking tours around the Argentine capital.
Get The Insider’s Guide to Buenos Aires
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Hello LakeCharles
Sanders: Dems must 'do the opposite' of Trump
Sanders: D...
BURLINGTON, Vt. (AP) - Reasserting himself as a leading voice in Democratic politics, Vermont Sen. Bernie Sanders on Thursday called on the political party to work harder to convince people of all races, regions and income levels that liberal policies will help them.
"Our job is to do exactly the opposite of what Trump is trying to do. He is trying to divide us," Sanders told scores of high-profile supporters at an intimate gathering in Vermont's largest city. He continued: "Our job is to bring people together around a strong progressive agenda."
The 77-year-old senator, who battled Hillary Clinton for the 2016 Democratic presidential nomination, did not address his political future. Yet questions about a second White House bid hung over the opening day of the three-day affair, hosted by the year-old policy arm of Sanders' broader network led by Sanders' wife, Jane O'Meara Sanders and stepson David Driscoll.
Thursday's crowd of less than 100 marked a who's-who of Sanders' highest-profile supporters. Hollywood actors Danny Glover, Susan Sarandon, John Cusack and Cynthia Nixon joined intellectuals Cornel West and Simon Sinek. Elected officials such as Hawaii Rep. Tulsi Gabbard and New York Mayor Bill de Blasio were set to join the group later.
In his welcome address, Sanders highlighted a shift among the Democratic establishment which has increasingly embraced his calls for liberal policies like universal health care and a $15 minimum wage. He said that's just the beginning.
Progressives should start talking more about "building millions of affordable housing units" and providing "affordable, quality child care," he said.
He acknowledged that Democratic leaders must work harder to break through an increasingly divided electorate.
"We have got to make sure that the Democratic Party isn't just the party of the East Coast and the West Coast, it's a party of every state in this country," Sanders said.
https://www.hellolakecharles.com/
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The Latest: Housley wins GOP primary for Franken Senate seat
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Kansas governor concedes GOP primary to secretary of state
In Tennessee, Trump's tariffs become a political issue
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The Latest: No major vote problems in Wisconsin for primary
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Home » On Trails: An Exploration ~ Autographed by Robert Moor
On Trails: An Exploration ~ Autographed by Robert Moor
SKU: A1476739236
From a talent who’s been compared to Annie Dillard, Edward Abbey, David Quammen, and Jared Diamond, On Trails is a wondrous exploration of how trails help us understand the world—from invisible ant trails to hiking paths that span continents, from interstate highways to the Internet.
While thru-hiking the Appalachian Trail, Robert Moor began to wonder about the paths that lie beneath our feet: How do they form? Why do some improve over time while others fade? What makes us follow or strike off on our own? Over the course of seven years, Moor traveled the globe, exploring trails of all kinds, from the miniscule to the massive. He learned the tricks of master trail-builders, hunted down long-lost Cherokee trails, and traced the origins of our road networks and the Internet. In each chapter, Moor interweaves his adventures with findings from science, history, philosophy, and nature writing.
Throughout, Moor reveals how this single topic—the oft-overlooked trail—sheds new light on a wealth of age-old questions: How does order emerge out of chaos? How did animals first crawl forth from the seas and spread across continents? How has humanity’s relationship with nature and technology shaped world around us? And, ultimately, how does each of us pick a path through life?
Moor has the essayist’s gift for making new connections, the adventurer’s love for paths untaken, and the philosopher’s knack for asking big questions. With a breathtaking arc that spans from the dawn of animal life to the digital era, On Trails is a book that makes us see our world, our history, our species, and our ways of life anew.
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Home Theater 101
The Bonus View
BONUS VIEW
Warner Sets DigiBook for 'Falling Down' Blu-ray
Posted Tue Dec 30, 2008 at 11:30 AM PST by Peter Bracke
Warner has announced its latest DigiBook release, bringing 'Falling Down' to Blu-ray in late-May.
Starring Michael Douglas as an ordinary man pushed into a violent vigilante spree, the cult favorite will receive its Blu-ray premiere on May 26.
Warner has yet to formally announce specs for the release, but it will be another DigiBook release featuring collectible artwork and a full-color booklet. We'll keep you posted as soon as further details are made available.
Suggested retail price for the Blu-ray has been set at $34.95.
You'll find preliminary specs for 'Falling Down' linked from our Blu-ray Release Schedule, where it's indexed under May 26.
See what people are saying about this story in our forums area, or check out other recent discussions.
Discs mentioned in this article: (Click for specs and reviews)
Falling Down (Blu-ray)
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The Arts | Performing Arts | Live Music | Art News | In the Galleries | Bookshelf | On The Screen | Museums | HIFF
Literary Death Match Coming To The Hamptons
Adrian Todd Zuniga founded Literary Death Match. (Photo: Ben Meadows)
On Friday, July 7, Guild Hall in East Hampton is presenting Literary Death Match, an amusing fast-paced, word-off between four established or emerging authors and three well known celebrity critics.
Literary Death Match begins at 8 p.m. with four authors reading one of their works before a live audience and a panel of three judges. After a pair of readings, the judges take turns giving their own hilarious, off-the-wall commentary. After all of the readings are complete, the judges select two authors to advance to the finals where the show takes a turn for the silly. The winner is then decided by a literary game show-type finale that may include a literary spelling bee or pin the mustache on Hemmingway.
"The Literary Death Match combines the best things about literature, mixed with a rare, anarchic energy," noted Ben Greenman of The New Yorker, while the LA Times said its "the most entertaining reading series ever."
Literary Death Match was established in March 2008 by Todd Zuniga, Elizabeth Koch and Dennis DiClaudio. The series launched in New York City, but has since spread to 60 cities worldwide. Literary Death Match has featured over 1,200 celebrity judges such as actors Keegan-Michael Key and Michaela Watkins and over 1,600 writers such as Marlon James and Daniel Handler.
The judges for this Literary Death Match are Rakesh Satyal, Jena Friedman and Dick Cavett. Satyal, who is a Lambda Award-winning author of Blue Boy and No One Can Pronounce My Name, will be evaluating the literary merit of the performers. Producer and comedian, Friedman will be judging the authors' performances and Emmy-Award winning TV host, Cavett will be commenting on the evening's intangibles.
The readers for the Hamptons Literary Death Match are Elna Baker, Chimene Suleyman, Sunil Yapa and Dan Wilbur. Baker is the producer of This American Life and author of The New York Regional Mormon Singles Halloween Dance. Suleyman is a British poet and author of Outside Looking In. Yapa is the Asian American Short Story Contest winner and author of Your Heart Is a Muscle the Size of a Fist. Wilbur is the creator of Better Book Titles and author of both How Not to Read and Never Flirt with Puppy Killers.
Literary Death Match creator, Adrian Todd Zuniga, will host the exciting event.
Tickets range from $32 to $65 and can be purchased online or at the box office.
Guild Hall is located at 158 Main Street in East Hampton. For more information call 631-324-0806 or visit www.guildhall.org
Model Approved Workout Coming To Montauk's Ruschmeyer's
The Hilaria & Alec Baldwin Foundation Help Hamptons International Film Festival Launch Scholarship Fund
Farewell For Now! Mamalee Rose And Friends To Have Their Final Show At Guild Hall In East Hampton
Manhattan Hand-Roll Bar Joins Forces With Montauk's The Surf Lodge
East End Tick Control
The East End's only New York State licensed dedicated tick and mosquito control specialists!
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Laura J. Thalacker
Doreen Spears Hartwell
Human Resources Compliance and Strategic Counseling
Employment and Labor Law Litigation
Pro Bono Legal Services and Professional Involvement
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Hartwell Thalacker, Ltd. Attorneys at Law
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Home » Our Attorneys » Laura J. Thalacker
Email: Laura@HartwellThalacker.com
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Laura Thalacker has been practicing employment law in Nevada for over 23 years. Prior to founding Hartwell Thalacker, Ltd. with her longtime friend and colleague, Doreen Spears Hartwell, Laura worked for over 17 years at Nevada’s largest law firm, where she was a partner in the firm’s Litigation Department. Laura has been named by The Best Lawyers in America as the 2016 Las Vegas “Lawyer of the Year” for Litigation (Labor and Employment) and the 2015 Las Vegas “Lawyer of the Year” for Employment Law (Management). She is rated “AV Preeminent” by Martindale Hubbell and, in 2013, was recognized as one of the “Top 50 Women Attorneys” in Mountain States Super Lawyers.
Laura focuses on representing employers in Nevada, throughout the U.S., and worldwide in employment law matters. A certified Senior Professional in Human Resources, Laura takes a pro-active, preventative and strategic approach to helping clients comply with a myriad of complex, and sometimes contradictory, federal and state employment laws. Laura takes prides in her accessible and down-to-earth approach with clients, her ability to explain complex legal issues in practical and understandable terms, and her skills in listening to clients and understanding and achieving their objectives for legal representation.
In the area of human resources compliance and counseling, Laura advises employers on a wide array of workplace issues including discipline and termination, reductions in force, leaves of absence, prevention of discrimination and harassment, social media use, workplace investigations, wage and hour compliance, drug testing, confidentiality and non-competes. Laura also drafts employee handbooks, policies, and employment contracts. She further provides training to employees, managers and executives on various human resources topics.
In addition to working with employers on legal compliance and litigation prevention, Laura defends employers in employment-related litigation in Nevada state and federal courts. Laura has represented employers in a variety of cases, including litigation alleging discrimination, harassment, wrongful termination, violation of leave of absence laws, wage and hour violations, breach of contract, and non-compete and trade secret violations. In her administrative practice, she defends employers before federal and state agencies such as the EEOC, the Nevada Equal Rights Commission, the United States Department of Labor, and the Office of the Nevada Labor Commissioner.
Laura is a past Chairperson of the State Bar of Nevada’s Labor and Employment Section, and is former Chairperson of the State Bar of Nevada’s Publications Committee. Laura is a frequent speaker and writer on a variety of employment law topics for Bar Association, client and community events. In recent years, she has taken a particular interest in the far-reaching legal consequences of employee use of social media inside and outside the workplace.
B.A. (summa cum laude), Political Science and Women’s Studies, Wartburg College (1991)
J.D. (with high distinction), University of Iowa College of Law (1994)
Senior Note & Comment Editor, Iowa Law Review (1993-1994)
Best Advocate and Best Brief Awards, Iowa Competitive Appellate Advocacy II (1994)
Chicago Moot Court Team (1994)
Admissions & Certifications
State Bar of Nevada (1994)
United States District Court, District of Nevada (1994)
United States Court of Appeals for the Ninth Circuit (1997)
Certified Senior Professional in Human Resources (2014-present) (Human Resources Certification Institute)
Senior Certified Professional in Human Resources (2015-present) (Society for Human Resources Management)
Labor and Employment Section, State Bar of Nevada
Litigation Section, State Bar of Nevada
Labor and Employment Section, American Bar Association
Society for Human Resources Management
Southern Nevada Human Resources Association
Former Regional Vice-Chair (North America), Lex Mundi Global Labor and Employment Practice Group
Select Honors
2016 Las Vegas “Lawyer of the Year” for Litigation-Labor and Employment, The Best Lawyers in America
2o15 Las Vegas “Lawyer of the Year” for Employment Law-Management, The Best Lawyers in America
“Notable Practitioner” – Chambers & Partners
Best Lawyers in America – Employment Law (Management); Labor Law (Management); and Litigation–Labor and Employment
Top 50 Women Lawyers, Mountain States Super Lawyers (2013)
Las Vegas Top Employment Lawyer-Management, Vegas, Inc. (2012)
AV Preeminent Rating, Martindale-Hubbell
Hartwell Thalacker, Ltd.
11920 Southern Highlands Pkwy
Email: Info@HartwellThalacker.com
We are dedicated, client-focused lawyers who serve as trusted advisors and advocates for companies in human resources, employment law, and business litigation matters. Our personal approach to client service emphasizes listening closely to clients to understand their goals and working collaboratively to achieve excellent legal results in an efficient and affordable manner.
A Highly Gifted Professional
“Attorney Laura Thalacker has assisted our organization with employment issues over the past several years. She is a highly gifted professional who possesses both the knowledge and experience to address complex matters, while also ensuring that employment policies, procedures and practices are of the highest standards. Laura offers cost-effective, sound business solutions, and her ability to…
- Mathilda Murdock
Read All Client Reviews
10.0Laura J. Thalacker
10.0Doreen Spears Hartwell
Women Mountain States
Hartwell Thalacker, Ltd. is a management-side Employment Law and Business Litigation law firm based in Las Vegas, Nevada. The attorneys at Hartwell Thalacker, Ltd. provide high quality, cost-effective legal services to employers and businesses located in Nevada, throughout the U.S. and worldwide in matters such as Human Resources Compliance and Strategic Counseling, Employment Law, Labor Law, Employment Litigation, and Business Litigation.
© 2019 Hartwell Thalacker, Ltd.
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Modest Open Likely For US Markets: Oil Down
By Kalyan Kumar
06/25/19 AT 7:47 AM
Modest open likely for the U.S. markets Tuesday after key U.S. stock index futures looked relatively subdued on Tuesday morning.
At 04:50 a.m. ET, Dow Jones futures fell 17 points, indicating a modest open of more than 9 points. Futures on the S&P and Nasdaq were also marginally down.
The market is awaiting comments of Fed policymakers, including Chair Jerome Powell, who will be speaking on Tuesday.
Meanwhile, President Donald Trump signed an executive order clamping “hard-hitting” sanctions on Iran in response to the downing of an unmanned U.S. drone recently.
Despite the Fed upholding the line that no rate cuts in 2019, markets believe at least three rate cuts will come with the first in late July.
The market is also building hopes on the upcoming TrumpXi meeting in Japan.
Asian markets down
Asia Pacific stocks slipped on Tuesday as investors moved attention to the meeting between U.S. President Donald Trump and China President Xi Jinping at the end of the week.
Chinese stocks were down on Tuesday. Benchmark Shanghai composite lost 0.87 percent while Hong Kong’s Hang Seng index slipped 1.21 percent at the final hour of trading.
Japan’s Nikkei 225 slipped 0.43 percent while the Topix fell 0.27 percent. South Korea’s Kospi was down 0.22 percent lower while Australia’s S&P/ASX 200 plunged 0.11 percent.
European stocks were also down Tuesday morning after the concerns over U.S. Iran sanctions hit market sentiments.
The pan-European Stoxx 600 was down 0.3 percent with bank stocks leading the losses.
Oil price under pressure
Oil prices came under pressure Tuesday after conflicting influences over declining crude demand were offset by supply-side risks from the new U.S. sanctions on Iran.
Benchmark Brent crude futures shed 12 cents at $64.74 a barrel by 0832 GMT. But the U.S. crude futures jumped 3 cents at $57.93 a barrel.
The weak manufacturing data from the Federal Reserve Bank of Dallas highlighted worries about slipping demand for crude oil stemming from the trade conflict.
“The geopolitical risk premium (in the Middle East) is partly offset by another stand-off, namely between the U.S. and China,” PVM analyst Tamas Varga said in a note.
Gold price up
Gold prices jumped more than one percent on Tuesday touching a six-year high, as the dollar slipped to multi-month lows and the U.S.-Iran tensions hiked the demand for the safe-haven metal. A trader works ahead of the closing bell on the floor of the New York Stock Exchange (NYSE) on February 1, 2019. Photo: JOHANNES EISELE/AFP/Getty Images
Spot gold jumped 0.9 percent at $1,431.93 per ounce, as of 0739 GMT. Gold prices have already jumped nearly 10 percent this month.
The U.S. gold futures jumped 1.3 percent to $1,436.20 an ounce.
Expectations on lower interest rates, weaker U.S. dollar, and tensions in the Middle East are providing the ground for gains in gold prices, commented Michael McCarthy, chief market strategist, CMC Markets.
“The main event this week will be the sidebar meeting between Trump and Xi, which could stop the current gold rally with a productive sit-down that ends up in a trade agreement,” commented Alfonso Esparza, a senior market analyst at Oanda.
US Imports From Vietnam Surge As US-China Trade War Drags On
Democrat Congresswomen Respond To Trump's Racist Twitter Attack
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Who’s Attending
Qualify
How to Qualify?
Prepare for the Olympiad Qualifying Exam
Register for the Olympiad Qualifying Exam
Register for the Olympiad
Pay the Olympiad registration fee with Paypal or a credit card
Quiz Bowl Competitions
Intl. Geography Bee
Olympiad Film Festival
Olympiad Film Festivaldhobeika2017-09-12T13:11:03-04:00
Berlin is world-famous for the annual Berlin Film Festival. During the Olympiad, we’ll have our own Olympiad Film Festival, showing a number of the most famous films from German cinema. The five films listed below have been placed in the schedule based on their length and their relevance to the day’s activities. All of these films are set in part or in full in Berlin. Cineasts who wish to further explore the world of German motion pictures are encouraged to select the optional sightseeing tour of Filmpark Babelsberg next to the studios where a number of these movies were filmed!
Selection 1 – Run, Lola, Run (Lola Rennt) – Action film from Day 0, July 14 at the Berlin-Wannsee Youth Hostel from 8:30-9:50pm
Selection 2 – Berlin: Symphony of a City – Silent documentary film from Day 1, July 14 at the JFK School from 7:30-8:35pm
Selection 3 – Goodbye, Lenin – Tragicomedy from Day 2, July 14 at the JFK School from 8:30-9:50pm
Selection 4 – The Lives of Others (Das Leben der Anderen) – Drama / Suspense from Day 4, July 14 at the Berlin-Wannsee Youth Hostel from 8:30-9:50pm
Selection 5 – The Blue Angel (Der Blaue Engel) – Classic film from Day 5, July 14 at the at the JFK School from 8:30-10:10pm
2016 International History Olympiad – General Email #5
A list of all medalists from the 2018 International History Olympiad and the final Medals Table is now available on… twitter.com/i/web/status/1…
pic.twitter.com/7G6bSgjvmQ
Livestream of the opening flag ceremony of the 3rd International History Olympiad! facebook.com/historyolympia…
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Website Design by Danielle Hobeika.
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Shaping the future together
Technology & Prosperity
At HOF Capital, we are focused on supporting the world’s most brilliant, ambitious, and mission-driven founders — founders who are determined to improve the future of humanity through technological innovation while building massive, enduring companies that bring such innovation to market.
It is in large part due to such founders that we now have the fortune of living in the most prosperous era in human history. Technological innovation has led to dramatic improvements in information sharing, education, manufacturing, transportation, food production / distribution, public health, and medicine, resulting in the highest average quality of life (whether measured by average life expectancy, GDP per capita, human development index, etc.) that we have ever experienced as a human race.
If history serves as a reliable guide, the pioneers and providers of the most profound innovations today will be recently-founded, for-profit companies that build upon new technology platforms to create value for their customers. In the same way that the Internet enabled Alibaba to empower millions of businesses around the world, and smartphones enabled Uber to redefine transportation for hundreds of millions of people worldwide, the new technological advancements being made today will enable the creation of a new generation of transformational businesses that will vastly improve the lives of the 7B+ people on this planet. Furthermore, the category leaders among this new generation will not only create tremendous value for humanity, but also capture unprecedented economic value, eventually growing to become the next tech giants.
Our investment strategy is predicated on the belief that the most valuable companies ultimately create new market opportunities, solve immense and challenging problems, and effect lasting positive change to billions of people around the world. We are fortunate to partner with founders and businesses that are already helping to enable:
Fewer transportation-related deaths and injuries.
Faster access to life-improving medical advice and medicine.
Greater financial prosperity and consumer wealth.
Equal access to education, opportunities, and resources.
Protection of mission-critical institutions against malicious cyber-attacks.
Increased business productivity and efficiency through automation.
At HOF Capital, our mission is to empower such founders and to help them turn their visions into massive, enduring businesses. We do this by providing each of our portfolio company founders with value-added support all the way from idea to IPO and beyond in all of the mission-critical areas of company-building (including revenue generation, team-building, and fundraising), leveraging our global network, deep pools of capital, and decades of expertise.
We ultimately strive to be the first call for brilliant founders who want to build category-defining technology companies that will shape the future and improve the world. If you are working on such a company, we would love to hear from you.
Leading families and institutions invested in our funds
Countries our investors are based in
Enterprises and brands owned by our fund investors
$350+ Billion
Assets under management by our fund investors
Partner Industries
We help our portfolio company founders secure revenue-generating partnerships through our relationships with large global enterprises.
We assist our portfolio company founders with recruiting the best people through our elite talent network.
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Community & Education • HKFP Features • HKFP Reports • Hong Kong
Residents revolt: Meet the communities fighting bid-rigging and mismanagement in Hong Kong’s residential buildings
Karen Cheung
For months leading up to January 31, Justin Ko caught barely more than three hours’ sleep each night in preparation for an upcoming election. Ko left no stone unturned: he campaigned at a street station, handed out promotional materials and maintained an active social media presence.
This was not any legislative or district council election, but the election for the owners’ corporation of Kwan Yick Building Phase 2 in Shek Tong Tsui. Built in the 1970s, the private housing complex sits at the heart of Western District surrounded by local eateries and tramway tracks and overlooking the harbour. Ko, a former bank employee, is one of the “indigenous” residents of Kwan Yick, having resided there with his family for over 40 years.
Justin Ko. Photo: Karen Cheung/HKFP.
Journalists present at the meeting – hosted by the incumbent management and “assisted” by pro-Beijing DAB party District Councillor Loretta Lo – noted mysterious delays, attempts to turn voters away and confrontations between the existing management and supporters of the candidates.
Voting began at 11pm – three hours after the designated start time. It was a chilly evening and the meeting dragged on till the early hours, but the residents stayed behind with a defiant resolve. When the results finally came in, the chairman walked out in a stunned defeat: Ko’s team had won eight out of 11 seats on the building governing body.
Ko and his team on the night of the election. Photo: In-Media.
To the general public, the election may seem inconsequential, but for Ko and a group of concerned residents, their victory marked the end of the 23-year reign of a management team that acted against the building’s interest and with dubious ties to pro-establishment forces.
For instance, around two years ago the owners’ corporation considered a ten-year fixed contract for lift repair services granting the company a five per cent raise per year regardless of performance, sparking outrage amongst residents when Ko revealed the matter after sitting in on a meeting.
Photo: Karen Cheung/HKFP.
The building was also known to be a “voting base” for the DAB party: Ko said it was common for security guards to be seen inserting DAB party flyers into residents’ mailboxes during election season, while there are few traces of pro-democracy promotional materials. The office of Loretta Lo – who served as the legal consultant of the former owners’ corporation while the building considered questionable contracts – is also located inside Kwan Yick. HKFP has contacted Lo for a response.
Ko and his team are a group of self-organised residents determined to bring the building’s management back on track, and even more importantly, prevent the building from falling victim to bid-rigging – a phenomenon in Hong Kong’s housing flats where construction companies wins tenders for projects at suspiciously high rates. The firms collude with each other and, at times, the owners’ corporation and district councillors, leaving flatowners in the buildings to shoulder exorbitant amounts in repair fees.
The newly-elected owners’ corporation, of which Ko is now secretary, is hosting renovation crash courses for the residents so that they can be wary of signs that they are being ripped off in the future. They promise to make the building’s management as transparent as possible, as well as invite residents to express their views on issues relating to the estate. To foster a sense of community, they also organised activities such as couplet-writing over Chinese New Year so everyone could get to know each other.
The new team organisted activities such as writing Chinese New Year couplets. Photo: Justin Ko.
The situation of mismanagement and corruption in Hong Kong residential buildings is so widespread that there are scores of “concern groups” on Facebook comprising residents across Hong Kong – from Allway Gardens in Tsuen Wan to Garden Vista in Sha Tin – that act as informal watchdogs. They spring up, as there is no centralised authority monitoring the issue. There is even a weekly online show hosted by Democratic Party on the topic.
Last year, investigative agency FactWire reported that the bid prices for estate repairs and renovations were “vastly inflated” and are more than twice the rated price, after studying a government reference books on rates and consulting an independent professional. One of the companies is currently suing the newswire for defamation over the report.
In 2016, former engineering firm proprietor Yau Shui-tin became the first in the city to be jailed for tender-rigging in relation to a project at Garden Vista: Yau had offered HK$45 million in bribes to three individuals involved in the bid, one of them the chairman of the incorporated owners. He pleaded guilty to charges of conspiracy to offer advantages to an agent.
Bid-rigging exercises would not be successful without the approval of a building’s owners’ corporation, which acts as the de facto legal entity of a building as well as its management team. Many of the owners’ corporation consists of elderly homeowners who have sat on the board for decades, such as in the case of Kwan Yick; they also tend to be friendly with local district councillors.
Lam Cheuk-ting, a corruption investigator-turned-lawmaker and spokesperson for the Property Owners Anti-bid Rigging Alliance, told HKFP that owners’ corporations may lack experience with matters such as building maintenance and which companies to pick for a particular construction project. They will often turn to district councillors for advice, inviting them to take part in meetings and serve as consultants.
Lam Cheuk-ting. File Photo: Democratic Party.
District councillors therefore yield a certain influence over the buildings’ management, Lam said, and he is aware of district councillors taking bribes to facilitate bid-rigging projects. While Ko believes that the vast majority of cases of bid-rigging relate to the pro-Beijing camp, Lam said that he has suspected even pro-democracy district councillors of involvement.
Ko also said that district councillors offer help to owners’ corporations on these issues with the implied understanding that the favour will later be returned: when it’s time for district or legislature elections, the owners would have to give the parties space to advertise.
Although bid-rigging is illegal under the Competition Ordinance that came into effect in 2015, the government has yet been able to effectively crackdown on syndicates: Lam said that there is yet to be a successful prosecution under this ordinance on bid-rigging.
Lam added that there is a legal loophole in that the current Building Management Ordinance fetches no penalty. There is also lax regulation of proxy votes, and falsifying votes is a common occurrence in owners’ corporation meetings – where motions for approving maintenance contracts are put to a vote.
According to Lam, the bid-rigging issue involves government departments such as the police and the Independent Commission Against Corruption, the Buildings Department, the Home Affairs Department, Competition Commission, and others. But he proposes a single entity to oversee the problem, given its complexity. Politician Chiu Yan-loy, who fights bid-rigging alongside Lam in the alliance, has said that criminal syndicates work with building consultants and builders to create elaborate plans to divide the cost of the project into separate portions, in order to mask the inflated price for maintenance works.
“We feel that with a criminal syndicate that operates with such organisation and precision, taking up significant shares in the market and involving great public interest… the government should have a legal supervision entity to regulate the whole market: the fairness of the bidding process, the professionalism of contractors, and the quality of maintenance,” Lam said.
But things have looked up in recent years, he said. In the past, few property owners would attend owners’ corporation meetings, and would only notice individual irregularities while failing to understand the full picture of why a certain maintenance project was particularly expensive.
Lam said that he first spoke to the media about the issue in 2013, and since the formation of the anti-bid-rigging alliance and their efforts to inform the public of the issue, owners have become more aware. They take note when the owners’ corporations lack transparency or the numbers don’t add up in the books.
Dragon Court in Tin Hau. Photo: Wikicommons.
“The residents have come together and united to become a more powerful force,” Lam mused. He himself lives in Garden Vista, where residents had took to the streets in 2014, setting up street stations in the neighbourhood and displaying banners to raise awareness of a HK$260 million renovation project.
Dragon Court in Tin Hau, for example, also made headlines in September 2016 when the building maintenance quotation attracted a price of HK$150 million, even though the estimate three years’ prior was HK$60 million. But after learning about the matter, angry residents turned up to the owners’ corporation meeting and voted to suspend the project. Self-organised residents of the building also came together to form a concern group and successfully kicked out the owners’ corporation in December that year.
Kwan Yick was another such instance. Back in Western District, Ko is a recognisable figure in the building, both online and offline: he runs the Facebook page “Friends of Kwan Yick Phase 2” in order to build a virtual community amongst residents. And in real life, he is affectionately known to neighbours as the “bald chubby guy with the dog.”
Kwan Yick Phase II. Photo: Justin Ko.
This, too, is strategic: “The leader must be easily recognisable to the neighbours – and there must also be professionals in your core team. We have an environmentalist, a surveyor experienced in taking down illegal structures, and a former student leader,” Ko said.
Ko said he first noticed something amiss back in 2008 with a broadband antenna and server installation project on the roof of the building: residents concerned about the possible health effects this could bring forced the owners’ corporation to hold a meeting over the matter.
The project was shelved for that particular block, but Ko later found that the owners’ corporation went ahead and allowed the installation on a neighbouring block – defying the wishes of the residents. He has since then observed owners’ corporation meetings.
But he did not take an active interest until 2014, when he lost his job for voicing opposition to the anti-Umbrella Movement stance of the bank he worked at. Ko said that he visited the Admiralty protest site as an observer, and saw Lam Cheuk-ting giving a talk on building management at a mobile classroom. “That was when I really started feeling like I had to devote more time to where I live,” he said.
Towards the end of 2014, when the ageing building was up for compulsory maintenance – a golden opportunity for bid-rigging – Ko insisted on joining the meeting again. He sought to ensure that the owners’ corporation picked a contractor diligently. But a more long-term means of resistance was needed, he realised.
Ronald Tsoi and Justin Ko. Photo: Karen Cheung/HKFP.
Slowly throughout the course of three years, Ko recruited other residents in the community – such as Kwan Yick residents Ronald Tsoi and Wong Ching-fung – who would observe owners’ corporation meetings and keep a close eye on developments relating to the building. They paid extra attention when it involved hiring contractors and consultants for maintenance, in order to ensure that the bidding exercise was fair, and procedures were followed.
According to Wong, the bids received by the former owners’ corporation for compulsory maintenance were much higher than the market rate, and there was little difference in price between between the bids submitted by different companies – a key sign of bid-rigging, Apple Daily reported. They finally decided to run for the owners’ corporation to put an end to the circus once and for all.
When it has become increasingly difficult to push for real change within the legislature – from the disqualification of elected lawmakers over their political stance to the Chinese national legislature’s Basic Law interpretation – Ko said that it was still possible to advocate for such change in the districts.
“The roots of a civil society have to start here. If you go into ideologies, residents may not easily understand that,” Ko said. “It could be too detached from the realities of their lives.” He believes that if one could first take care of their own interests and take part in the building that they live in, they could grow to care about the community.
“It’s our home – we’ll save it ourselves,” Tsoi added.
bid rigging DAB Housing Justin Ko Kwan Yick Phase 2 Ronald Tsoi
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Hongkongers in US launch campaign urging American politicians to support bill on city’s democracy and rights
‘I miss colonial times’: Hong Kong protest regular Grandma Wong on the city’s uncertain future
‘Lennon Wall’ message boards spark neighbourhood confrontations in Yau Tong and Kowloon Bay
Hong Kong anti-extradition bill hunger strikers enter eighth day, as lawmaker Fernando Cheung joins
Tuen Mun park scraps performance zones following mass protest against ‘dancing aunties’
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Given China’s politicised, draconian justice system, will Hong Kong lawmakers pass the extradition bill?
Hospital Authority temporarily boosts overtime pay scheme for medical professionals amid winter flu surge
Hong Kong gov’t says it will not broker talks between lawmakers feuding over China extradition bill
It’s time for Canada and China to tone down the rhetoric
Trials in China kept secret by silencing human rights lawyers
German refugee authority acted independently in granting asylum to two wanted Hong Kong activists, says consulate
Video: Beijing requests report on Hong Kong independence party ban, as chief exec. denies ‘interference’
Huawei will not bow to US pressure: founder
Int’l Women’s Day: How South Asian women’s experiences can inform domestic violence policy in Hong Kong
KC Sunil
Hong Kong’s working homeless: High rents push working people onto the streets
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Stuart Wolfendale
Good riddance to Rodrigo Duterte – the president who makes Donald Trump look good
10 years in Hong Kong: a look back – Part 2
Residents revolt: Meet the communities fighting bid-rigging and mismanagement in Hong Kong's residential buildings
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Home>News> Jahlil Beats & Beanie Sigel Prepping "Still Public Enemy" Mixtape
Jahlil Beats & Beanie Sigel Prepping "Still Public Enemy" Mixtape
Jahlil Beats and Beanie Sigel join forces for "Still Public Enemy."
Beanie Sigel is currently recovering from a gunshot wound that almost took his lung, but luckily, the doctors were able to reinflate it. While we hope Beanie has a speedy recovery, we also have something to look forward too in the interim. According to Jahlil Beats the Philly native is prepping a new mixtape, with Jahlil providing the soundscape.
Jahlil Beats confirmed with NahRight that Beanie and him are working on Still Public Enemy, which would follow up his mixtape Public Enemy #1, almost ten years later. "He just came home. As soon as he get right, we going right back in the lab," Jahlil said. He also revealed that they'd be sourcing from '90s music on the production.
Jahlil offered up more information on Still Public Enemy which you can read below.
"I think that Beans is gonna surprise ‘em too. We doing Still Public Enemy. His last big joint with Green Lantern was Public Enemy #1. This joint is Still Public Enemy. It’s like a mixtape, but it’s like an album because [it has] all my shit. Shit gonna be crazy. I got some surprises on that joint. I think Beans is still getting Green Lantern. Ain’t nothing changed, we just doing shit up-to-date. Some shit that is modern right now.
"Honestly, I couldn’t even say [if Still Public Enemy is coming out this year.] I’m just keeping him in my prayers and hoping he recovers 100 percent. Then, when he ready, I’m ready to go right back in and putting this shit out. I think the time is not ticking for Beans, you know what I mean? I think people respect Beans. A lot of people in the industry respect him lyrically. We just waiting on Beans. Hopefully, he get right. It’s just a blessing that he made it through such an unfortunate situation. But it is what it is. God do things for different reasons. Hopefully, this will have him super focused. I know he was super, super focused. That’s the reason why we were working cause I knew that this dude was super ready. He was ready to make some shit happen. I’m excited. And he’s a good dude on the other side. He’s a real dude. I know he’s gonna win at the end of the day."
We'll keep you posted as the mixtape comes to life.
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NEWS Jahlil Beats & Beanie Sigel Prepping "Still Public Enemy" Mixtape
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Home » Keywords » Morningstar
Items Tagged with 'Morningstar'
Morningstar: Five cities determine major apartment REIT performance
Can you guess the big five?
The lion's share of the nation's multifamily business is concentrated in five cities, and these cities appear to be in for a dip in performance. Some investors think it's going to seriously affect REIT performance; others say it's nothing to worry about.
Morningstar expands funds rating system
Ratings company launches Quantitative Rating
Caroline Basile
Investment research provider Morningstar announced Monday the expansion of its fund ratings system with the launch of Morningstar Quantitative Rating, which uses a machine-learning model to rate six times more funds than are rated by Morningstar analysts in the U.S.
Morningstar Credit Ratings names Brian Grow president
Previously served as the managing director of residential mortgage-backed securities and asset-backed securities
Morningstar Inc., the parent company of Morningstar Credit Ratings, announced this week that Brian Grow has been named president of the credit rating agency. He will now oversee the day-to-day operations of Morningstar’s credit ratings business.
Credit rating agencies ding Ocwen over CFPB, state regulator charges
S&P, Fitch, Moody’s, Morningstar take action on nonbank’s ratings
In the wake of the Consumer Financial Protection Bureau and a growing group of state regulators accusing Ocwen Financial of widespread mortgage servicing issues, S&P Global Ratings, Moody’s Investors Service, Fitch Ratings, and Morningstar each released updated views of Ocwen, with each agency’s analysts stating that Ocwen’s recent regulatory troubles could have dire long-term consequences for the company.
Morningstar: Here's the impact of rising interest rates on mortgage-backed securities
Prepayments will slow, default risk could rise
The latest data from Freddie Mac, released Thursday, showed that mortgage interest rates are on the rise again. What will the impact of rising interest rates be on mortgage-backed securities, especially private-label mortgages? A new report from Morningstar has the answers. And here they are.
Clayton Holdings becomes first Morningstar-rated 'deal agent' for mortgage bonds
Increased oversight of private-label deals could spur market
Earlier this year, several of the "biggest bond funds on Wall Street" released a proposal to include an additional layer of oversight and protection on private-label mortgage bonds as part of an effort to jumpstart the languishing private mortgage market. Now, Morningstar Credit Ratings is helping to move the concept forward by issuing it first "deal agent" ranking.
eMortgage Logic becomes Morningstar-rated asset valuation vendor
Receives ‘MOR RV1’ vendor ranking
eMortgage Logic, a provider of residential real property valuations, data and analytics, received a residential vendor ranking from Morningstar Credit Ratings. According to a release from Morningstar, the ratings agency assigned a ‘MOR RV1’ residential vendor ranking to eMortgage Logic as a residential vendor in the asset valuation market.
Invitation Homes’ new single-family rental securitization is largest ever
IH 2015-SFR3 checks in at a record-breaking $1.2 billion
Lest anyone think the single-family rental market isn’t booming right now, Invitation Homes is about to break the record for largest securitization backed by single-family rental homes. Meet Invitation Homes 2015-SFR3.
Morningstar: Single-family rental securitization delinquencies mainly below 1%
With only one exception
Jacob Gaffney
It may be a relatively new market, but single single-family rental securitizations are doing pretty well despite the asset class' infancy. The delinquency rate across nearly every single single-family rental securitization is below 1%, according to a Morningstar Credit Ratings report on performance in the sector.
Progress Residential announces third single-family rental securitization
KBRA, Morningstar weigh in on sale
Progress Residential’s third single-family rental securitization is getting ready to hit the market, collateralized by a $438.7 million loan secured by first priority mortgages on 3,317 income-producing single-family homes.
More Articles Tagged with 'Morningstar'
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Cybersecurity training a top priority for CISOs, report says
Cybersecurity training for workers should be a top priority for 2018, the Financial Services Information Sharing and Analysis Center (FS-ISAC) has told its stakeholders. Because workers are the first line of defense against breaches, chief information security officers should ensure that training includes awareness about downloading and executing unknown applications and information about how to report suspicious emails and attachments, the organization said.
The recommendations came as the group released its 2018 CISO Cybersecurity Trends survey. In it, 35% of CISOs surveyed said employee training should be financial institutions' top priority. A quarter pointed to network defense and infrastructure upgrades.
FS-ISAC also recommended that institutions' board members be better informed of risk and that businesses maintain an “at the ready” risk posture.
Employees aren't only the first line of defense in the financial sector; 39% of companies' data breaches start internally — as opposed to stemming from an outside attack, according to a Harvard Business Review report. That number includes threats categorized as either negligent, malicious or accidental.
This means employees in all departments need training on cybersecurity best practices, but it also demonstrates the need for cybersecurity professionals. The skills gap in cybersecurity continues to loom ominously for business.
Industry leaders from IBM are working with The Aspen Institute on a cyber-security panel developed to address vulnerabilities and make recommendations of real-world solutions for training and prevention. But despite demand, fewer than 20% of IT professionals are confident of their proficiency in cybersecurity. The burden on business to protect their assets and fill the nearly 2 million unfilled cybersecurity jobs projected by 2022 will require significant training and upskilling efforts.
HR Dive HBR: Internal cyber threats account for 39% of breaches
Financial Services Information Sharing and Analysis Center FS-ISAC Unveils 2018 Cybersecurity Trends According to Top Financial CISOs
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How HR can help improve cybersecurity and prevent 'spoofing'
Deposit Photor
Kathryn Moody @KatMMoody
I've been on the phone for a few moments when an email appears in my inbox that is apparently from me.
It's convincing. Gmail marks that the person who has sent it is "me," which is correct, and it has my correct email address as the sender. It otherwise looks like an email I would send myself, except one problem: I never sent this email.
Within minutes of talking to Stu Sjouwerman, founder of KnowBe4.com, he has 'spoofed' me — sent an email that appears to be from one person but is actually from a completely separate third-party out to trick recipients into clicking on bad links for nefarious purposes, like stealing data or extorting a company. (Luckily, his email is titled 'spoof test,' and has no questionable links within it.)
I got spoofed. Kind of.
While the shift to digital has enabled HR and the business world to do more good, generally, it's created a powerfully bad conundrum for employers. More digital access to company resources improves flexibility and innovation — but spoofing is just one scarily simple way for hackers and other malcontents to obtain access as more and more systems go completely digital. If one employee clicks on a bad link from a convincing email, an employer could spend three to four days "in the stone age," without access to their systems — or computers.
HR doesn't normally have to deal with IT issues. But who manages what, when people are the problem with technology?
That's why many experts are saying HR may need to step up — and why more HR spaces are talking about it (like in yesterday's SHRM #nextchat).
The common errors to protect against
Spoofing and its various cousins are wicked for a reason.
"I could have gone into LinkedIn, found your managing editor, and sent you an email that looks like it was from them with a link that says 'check and correct,' " Sjouwerman said. "That would give you pause."
He's not wrong. Spoofing is dangerous because it can trick even the most careful and hygienic of digital denizens, and many other recent hacker tricks are just as subtle, he noted. Anyone could click on a bad link or a poisoned ad on a website, resulting in "much heartache and lost time and money."
HR needs to be especially wary, as W-2 and tax information is a favorite target amongst hackers, Sjouwerman said.
"W-2s are gold to those people, and if they can spoof an email to look like it is sent from the CEO, someone could lose their job for falling for a trick like that," he added.
Spoofing can lead to infection with ransomware, one of the biggest problems facing companies right now. Ransomware will infect a computer after an employee clicks on a bad link or downloads an infected file, and will then encrypt a company's files. The hacker will claim not to release the data — often business-critical data — until the company has paid an appropriate amount of money in bitcoin, which is notoriously untrackable.
Another big risk right now is CEO fraud, which essentially tricks employees into thinking the CEO is requesting data. W-2 attacks and fraudulent wire transfers are all similar hacker tricks, and many of them use spoofing or a similar tactic to obtain their goals.
Why employers aren't aware
Do employers just … not know that these can be problems?
"They don't," Sjouwerman said. "It is well-known that the user is the weak-link in IT security, but it has not yet quite penetrated that you really need to train employees to apply their knowledge on a day-to-day basis."
When the crux of the problem is poor training, the issue enters a grey space, as IT is usually seen as responsible for tech crises. It doesn't help that many employers enter a "false sense of security" that since nothing bad has happened to their organization, nothing ever will, said Francis Li, VP of Information Technology at Softchoice.
"They don't see the urgency in protecting themselves from cyberattacks or data loss, and only act once the sky has already fallen," he added.
Some of this comes down to a simple fact: True cybersecurity can be seen as somewhat onerous. While most have heard the advice not to use the same password for everything or not to store passwords anywhere that other people could see or not to download any apps on work computers or devices without telling IT, real life occasionally gets in the way. More simply: people are stubborn.
"It's in our nature to want to take the path of least resistance," Li said. "It's up to HR and IT to help employees see the risks involved in these bad habits, and show them the productivity benefits of doing things the right way."
The checklist
Michael Overly, partner at Foley & Lardner, offered a checklist for employers to follow when considering cybersecurity policies.
Know your data and where it resides. How do people create, access and destroy data? Keep proprietary data encrypted or secured. Determine which media is removable and if that's allowed. If allowed, keep it encrypted and then properly erased to ensure attackers can’t retrieve it. And don't use mobile storage devices, like CDs or USB drives.
Monitor. Keep track of network activity and review any behavior that looks out of the norm, like a user that normally works days logging on in the middle of the night.
Keep track of third parties, including vendors and consultants. Third-party users should not be able to access systems without explicit supervision. This is especially true for any service providers accessing personal devices to repair them, etc.
Only allow authorized software. Don't download anything unapproved from the internet, and never install remote access or encryption software without "express approval" of security personnel. Always check the source of downloaded software — hackers can "create fake websites and even 'hijack' visitors from official sites where applications can be downloaded."
Exercise great caution with social media and public email (like Gmail, Microsoft, etc.). Be careful what you send, think before you submit to outside websites, and be wary of any services that record your communications or allow the posting of pictures and videos. Simply: Be mindful.
How to implement training that works
Training on cybersecurity has required a bit of a makeover in recent years, Sjouwerman noted. Old awareness trainings based on PowerPoint slides and "keeping employees awake with coffee and donuts" is not enough.
"That is the awareness training of yesteryear which isn't effective today," he added. "If you don't take reasonable measures, you are falling down in protecting the network the way you should."
One way KnowBe4 and other firms train employees is by doing simulated phishing attacks on employee populations and seeing the percentage of people who click. The numbers tend to be "dangerously high," Sjouwerman said. But more importantly, it makes the training part of the program immediately more personable. Employees who partake in the program often ask about how they can share what they have learned with their families, Sjouwerman said.
That said, training employees on how to sensibly use technology and avoid traps is a team effort.
"When it comes to technology, the responsibility for proper training cannot solely be placed on HR," Li said. "You need to have a strong marriage between HR and IT to develop the training and engage employees together."
Interestingly, millennials may be partly to blame for some growing cybersecurity issues. Millennials tend to be more comfortable with cloud apps and modern tech, which ironically means they are more likely to "go rogue" and download unapproved apps for work outside of IT's overview. It all comes down to understanding why employees act the way they do concerning technology and, in turn, helping employees understand why their behavior matters.
"A big part of it is making sure employees feel like they're given a choice in terms of the apps and tools they use, but to also help them understand the proper ways to go about using them," Li said.
Follow Kathryn Moody on Twitter
Filed Under: HR Management HR Tech & Analytics
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Pennsylvania, N.J. officials ask feds to withdraw ‘deeply troubling’ online gaming rule
by Andrew Maykuth, Updated: February 5, 2019
Mobile and online gambling is demonstrated at a Las Vegas conference.
The attorneys general of New Jersey and Pennsylvania on Tuesday asked the U.S. Justice Department to withdraw a “deeply troubling” legal opinion that state-sanctioned online gambling may violate federal law, which has thrown the internet gaming business into disarray.
“We ask that DOJ withdraw its opinion altogether or assure us that DOJ will not bring any enforcement actions against companies and individuals engaged in online gaming in our states — where it is appropriate under state law," New Jersey Attorney General Gurbir S. Grewal and Pennsylvania Attorney General Josh Shapiro wrote in a letter to Matthew G. Whitaker, acting U.S. attorney general.
Federal move could ‘virtually destroy’ online gambling in Pennsylvania, N.J., but help big GOP donor
Slot machines, fantasy sports, mini-casinos. Where’s Pa. online gaming, a year after legalization?
Betting with a smartphone? The casinos know who you are, and where you are located.
Grewal also submitted a federal Freedom of Information Act request to the Justice Department seeking information about the influence that GOP donor Sheldon Adelson may have had on the department’s about-face, which reversed a 2011 opinion that the federal Wire Act only pertained to sports betting. The billionaire chairman of Las Vegas Sands Corp., Adelson has funded lobbying efforts to curtail the growth of online gaming.
“The potential breadth of this opinion is deeply troubling," Grewal and Shapiro, who are Democrats, said in their letter. “The opinion casts doubt not only on traditional online gaming, but also multi-state lottery drawings (such as PowerBall and Mega Millions) and online sales of in-state lottery tickets.”
Internet gaming generated $1 billion for New Jersey casinos in five years, and $45 million last year in state taxes. In Pennsylvania, the state-run iLottery is expected to earn $30 million in profits this year.
The state officials said the decision “puts jobs and livelihoods at risk for the thousands of people who work in the online gaming industry and jeopardizes critical state funding for the public good that is generated by lottery sales and other internet activity that is legal within our states.”
The Justice Department’s opinion, released Jan. 14, reinterprets the federal Wire Act to apply to any form of gambling that crosses state lines, not just sports betting. The Justice Department directed prosecutors to delay implementing the new opinion for 90 days, until April 14, to allow gaming operators to modify their practices.
The new interpretation has upended the gaming industry, casting uncertainty over existing online betting and lottery operations, and putting the brakes on states considering legalizing internet wagering.
Ten Pennsylvania casinos last year had rushed in to pay $94 million for license fees to offer interactive casino games, slots and poker, though the startup of internet betting is now in limbo while the casinos report back to Pennsylvania how they plan to comply with the new federal directive.
Posted: February 5, 2019 - 3:06 PM
Andrew Maykuth | @Maykuth | amaykuth@inquirer.com
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Oregon School Shooting Victim Says She Pities the Gunman: 'I Feel Sorry for Him'
9:49 AM PDT, October 6, 2015 - Caitlin Nolan
A student who survived the mass shooting at an Oregon community college said she pitied the gunman who killed nine and wounded nine others, including herself.
“In all honesty, I feel sorry for him," Anastasia 'Ana' Boylan, 18, who was shot in the back during the massacre at Umpqua Community College last Thursday, told NBC News.
“I feel bad for him. I just wish he could’ve not done that," Boylan said of Chris Harper-Mercer, 26, who opened fire on her 10 a.m. English composition class. He is believed to have then committed suicide.
Boylan pretended to be dead after getting hit, family members wrote on a GoFundMe page, which was created to offset medical expenses.
Read: John Oliver Slams GOP Candidates Who Blamed Oregon Shooting on Mental Health Issues
"Miraculously the bullet missed all vital organs and the surgeon was able to remove the bullet from near her spine with no apparent damage to her body," her family wrote on the page.
Boylan was released from the hospital four days after the shooting. She used a wheelchair to get around as she has yet to regain full feeling in one of her legs.
She was shot on her fourth day of college.
"I almost lost my life," she told NBC News. "It's never going to leave my mind."
Read: Pastor Whose Daughter Survived Oregon Shooting: 'We Will Not Allow Violence to Define Us'
Boylan recounted that after being shot, all she could think about was "hopefully, in some way, my family and my friends, and the family and friends of my class[mates], would be OK.
"My heroes and my idols are my peers that were in the classroom with me and experienced all of this with me,” she continued. “I will always share my religion and my thoughts and my spirits with everyone because their hearts and their souls will never be forgotten.”
Boylan's bravery and compassion resonated with her father, Stacey, who wrote on his daughter's fundraising page: "The things she says make me so proud and grateful to have such a brilliant young light that still shines in my life. I have been brought low, by this event, and she gives me strength."
Watch Below: Witnesses Say Oregon College Gunman Asked Students Religion Before Shooting
Witnesses Say Oregon College Gunman Asked Students Religion Before Shooting
What Happened to Mom Who Vanished While Hiking With Her Husband?
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The Barbie doll started out as a high-class German Escort called Lilli
Bild-ing the Lilli
7 months ago Facts
Barbie’s first career was as a “golddigger, exhibitionist, and floozy” cartoon in the Hamburg tabloid, Bild-Zeitung.
The sexy and witty cartoons of Lilli in Bild Zeitung. Source
While she might have spent most of her time flinging herself at “balding, jowly fat cats“, Lilli was lippy and luscious and had no problem telling off authority.
Lilli on the Law
When a policeman tells a bikini-clad Lilli that two-piece swimsuits are illegal, she says, “Oh, and in your opinion, which part should I take off?”
Lilli on economics
In another scene, she explains: “I can do without balding old men, but my budget couldn’t”.
Lilli on literature
“Do I prefer light reading? The weight doesn’t matter – I have the car outside.”
Lilli on the environment
She even tackles the beauty of nature :“The sunrise is so beautiful that I always stay late at the nightclub to see it!”.
"I don't want to be a great lady, it would only mean that I couldn't do all those things that I enjoy."
"Strange, when I wear new shoes you usually don't notice - when I wear a new sweater you notice immediately."
"After a month Robert is always completely another person, and I must say, I find this other person a lot more sympathetic."
"Hans always says money doesn't make you happy, but I want a chance to find out for myself."
"Do I already have Christmas surprises for my boyfriends? Oh, they'll be surprised enough when they see my wishlist."
"So, darling, now you know EVERYTHING about me.....that is to say, everything you're allowed to know about me."
"Please don't be so sloppy (casual) when you're with me - people might think we're married."
She became so popular that the newspaper immortalized her as a novelty doll to be sold at bars, tobacco kiosks and adult toy stores.
Lilli dolls were often given out as bachelor party gag gifts and dangled from a car’s rearview mirror. Source
Lilli the doll went on the market on August 12, 1955, and became an overnight sensation. Every other doll of her time was a baby; Lilli was a fully grown modern young woman.
Rolf Hausser, who created the doll, told fondationtanagra:
“Lilli was symbolic of her time She was sexy young, innocent, fresh..She was independent but, and this is most important, no one could say she wasn’t a virgin.”
Rolf still remembers the woman who wanted – and got – a Lilli dressed in mink, for which she paid thousands of marks.
Lilli had 100 different outfits, all made by Martha Maar, Rolf’s mother-in-law and the owner of the doll’s clothing company MMM. She had outfits for parties, the beach and tennis, as well as cotton dresses, pajamas and poplin suits.
She even had miniskirts years before they came into fashion!
In her chic clothing catalogues, Lilli is accessorized with cigarettes, French champagne bottles, bar stools, and a clock indicating that it was three (time to get up or go home?).
If Lilli was indeed a prostitute, she would have been legal in Hamburg. Not so Barbie, of course.
The Star of Every Bar (bie)
Say romance with flowers and kinky sex with a pin-up doll. Source
Not surprisingly, parents considered the Lilli doll inappropriate for children, despite one German brochure’s assurance that she was “always discreet”.
In the 1950s, a holidaying Ruth Handler of Mattel bought a few Lilli dolls. She reinvented the “star of the bar” and 3 years later debuted Barbie at the New York toy fair.
Although Barbie’s curvy proportions are modeled after Lilli’s, the American version eschewed the heavy makeup, flirty eyebrows and red nails.
If you STILL can’t can’t the difference, check out the feet.
According to M.G. Lord, the author of Forever Barbie: The Unauthorized Biography of a Real Doll :
“She [Lilli] doesn’t even have a foot. The end of her leg is cast in the shape of a stiletto-heeled pump and painted a glossy black.”
Auto Polo, polo with cars instead of horses, was played until the late 1920s
The Lunatic game
Sealand : The smallest country in the world that doesn’t exist
Food to Die For : From corpse cakes to Funeral biscuits
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Home»Sport»Columnists»brendan o'brien
Hey Rory, you are missing one hell of a party in Lahinch
Tyrrell Hatton takes a breather on the fairway as he waits to play his second shot to the 18th green during the first round of the Irish Open in Lahinch yesterday. Picture: Brian Arthur
By Brendan O'Brien
Follow @byBrendanOBrien
How do you take the pulse of a golf tournament?
There are 156 players from a staggering assortment of countries in this week’s Irish Open. And that’s just the start. Add in marshals and caterers and security and soda sellers and spectators and the rest and you have a pot pourri of humanity with little in common other than a fondness for baseball caps.
Your take will depend on what you bring to it. Some arrive with collapsible stools and an eye for swing mechanics. Other bring their kids and a blank curiosity. Take it all in from the press centre or the VIP ‘tent’ and you avail of some decent grub and a grasp of the bigger picture.
Traipsing through the dunes and dips is another thing entirely.
If there is one universal opinion held by this mass of people in West Clare it is surely the realisation that Lahinch has already proven itself a venue more than worthy of a return visit in the years to come. In fact, spend a few hours here this week and you wonder why it took this long to bring the gig here in the first place.
The European Tour is basically a circus with more money and less fashion sense. The show they offer is better in some stops than others. That’s just how it is. Any concerns over Lahinch were always logistical.
Are there tractors and cement mixers and assorted lorries on the windy road in from Ennis through Inagh and Ennistymon? Sure there are. Has traffic been a problem? Not an insurmountable one. The course itself has stood up to the challenge, spurting out one 63 for Pádraig Harrington and a late 64 for Zander Lombard but nothing lower. Yet.
Pádraig Harrington tees off at the Irish Open. Picture: Sportsfile
“A tricky little puzzle,” was Graeme McDowell’s take.
The town itself has always been a destination to draw the traveller in and it scrubbed its face and put on its Sunday best for the world here.
The mixture of the usual surfer dudes with the more tailored golfing type — slackers and slacks, if you like — in the cafes and on the streets has made for an interesting vibe.
So too the proximity of the course to the town, which has earned it comparison with St Andrews in Scotland. Paul McGinley likes to point out that the Old Course’s second green is a mere hundred yards from the nearest pub while Liscannor Bay hugs the sixth and 12th fairways.
It’s a smorgasbord of sensory experiences, all within the range of a few Jon Rahm drives.
“Venue. Venue, venue, venue, venue, venue,” sais Harrington this week when asked for the five most important factors in choosing a host club for any Irish Open.
Five times. There you go. It’s all about the venue. The Irish Open has to have that offering for the players that’s not like anywhere else.
“We have to look, we know in Ireland our tourism industry is based on the fact that we are unique. You’re not just coming here to look at the scenery. You’re coming here to get a sense of the people, the country, and that’s the same when it comes to a golf tournament. It’s all about venue.
“The players want to come to somewhere different, somewhere unique, somewhere they can enjoy. The players, they’re always fascinated with coming to Ireland. Sometimes they are fascinated with how we live in the weather. Now they’re looking at the sunshine and it’s just so different.”
That much is obvious given the blind shots required to find the green on the par-four fourth which they named the Klondyke, and the Dell, the par-three fifth.
More memorable again is the sixth, a hole named simply and fittingly as Paradise for the views of the Atlantic that draw you down towards a well-guarded green and the beach behind it.
The folk at Tourism Ireland must be high-fiving all week.
It’s a stretch of land that would stun regardless of the conditions and yet Lahinch has clearly been blessed by the weather.
The other imponderable was the field and the absence of Rory McIlroy after his four years hosting this tournament which left the organisers playing a mulligan even before the first tee.
McIlroy’s shadow couldn’t help but linger over this event. His presence ensures the type of crowd that roams across a golf course like a gargantuan herd of cattle. The numbers following the signature group of Shane Lowry, Tommy Fleetwood, and Robert Knox was appreciably slimmer in numbers.
Still big, just smaller.
Even that could be taken as a positive. There was a less frenzied feel to the experience trailing that trio yesterday morning. Likewise with Harrington in the afternoon and the presence of both Irishman at the top of the leaderboard only adds to the suspicion that Lahinch may well prove to be more than just a superb venue. It may be a lucky one too.
Email: brendan.obrien@ examiner.ie Twitter: @byBrendanOBrien
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This website uses cookies for functionality and allow us to analyse the use of the site. To opt out please view our cookie policy. If you continue to browse the site, we'll assume you agree to the use of cookies.
Newsletters/
Focus on Manufacturing/
Our employers guide for pension planning
Managing pension policy successfully represents a big challenge for many employers, but particularly those in the manufacturing sector
The Pension Protection Fund (“PPF”), now in its eleventh year, reports that the costs of securing pensions far exceeds this with a funding deficit for UK private sector employers of £220 billion. Traditionally the manufacturing sector has been one of the largest industry groups exposed to such liabilities. Even those manufacturers who do not operate salary-related pension schemes for staff have still to manage pension policy dictated by detailed and complicated regulation and an ever-increasing tax burden.
This is our guide to the key do’s and don’ts of employer pension policy.
Review pension policy regularly. Many employers are using a range of devices to reduce their exposure to defined benefit funding deficits. For many, the full buy out to remove all defined benefit pension liabilities from the business balance sheet is a tempting prospect. However, the cost of securing a buy out can be uneconomic in many cases. Employers have looked to other approaches to seek to reduce pension liabilities including negotiating pension salary caps with staff. Other collateral agreements are also being widely pursued designed to reduce the burden of increasing pension costs. A run of recent court cases has demonstrated the limits of such agreements but also made clear that, if approached with care, such arrangements can prove an effective tool for better managing ongoing pension liabilities.
Ignore the tax position. Even those employers who are not exposed to defined benefit pensions are now grappling with an increasing tax burden on staff pensions. This represents a generational shift in government pension policy. Since the 1920s tax relief has been available almost universally to promote occupational pension saving. In recent years, however, this position has changed and tax charges can now apply on even quite modest levels of pension saving. Whilst this is a tax burden to be borne by employees (and directors), nevertheless many employers in practice feel compelled to engage with this issue. Operating a pension plan which results in unexpected tax bills for staff and directors is not a good way to motivate the workforce. In the past, allowing access to an employer-sponsored pension plan was almost universally a positive benefit for staff. Now employers need to consider carefully whether the pension plan is the right approach for all.
Be aware of pension tax protections. The Life Time Allowance represents the total cash value of pension rights which can be maintained tax-free. The Annual Allowance also limits the build up of pension benefits. Members of pension plans have in the past been able to register and protect higher levels of pension saving. In return the individual will usually have to opt out of any further ongoing pension provision. For staff and directors in this position, it is important to get the right advice to ensure that the protection registered in the past is properly maintained. Putting the member in a tax registered pension plan (perhaps via life insurance arrangements or an auto enrolment arrangement) will usually invalidate the tax protection. As stated, whilst the burden of this falls on the individual, nevertheless all employers will want to avoid a catastrophic loss of tax protection on the part of what in most cases will be very senior staff.
Forget that non-tax registered pension plans can still represent an efficient way of providing benefits, particularly life insurance, without endangering any tax protections. When tax rules changed (in April 2006) HMRC indicated that a new type of life insurance plan would be permitted (known to them as an ‘excepted life policy’). This would operate outside of the tax registered pension regime. Initially the idea of an unregistered plan attracted little interest but the increasing restrictions on tax relief and the number of staff now affected by this has meant a proliferation of new unregistered pension arrangements of one type or another.
Focus on Manufacturing - Edition 6
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Middleware Jobs
Middleware Vacancies
The following table provides summary statistics for permanent job vacancies with a requirement for Middleware skills. Included is a benchmarking guide to the salaries offered in vacancies that have cited Middleware over the 6 months to 15 July 2019 with a comparison to the same period in the previous 2 years.
Rank change year-on-year -95 +1 -19
Permanent jobs citing Middleware 1,147 2,063 2,086
As % of all permanent IT jobs advertised in the UK 0.79% 1.17% 1.17%
As % of the Libraries, Frameworks & Software Standards category 2.08% 2.91% 2.88%
Number of salaries quoted 860 1,387 1,485
UK median annual salary £56,550 £60,000 £57,500
Median salary % change year-on-year -5.75% +4.35% -
10th Percentile £32,000 £37,500 £35,000
UK excluding London median annual salary £52,500 £55,000 £50,000
% change year-on-year -4.55% +10.00% -
Middleware is in the Software Libraries and Frameworks category. The following table is for comparison with the above and provides summary statistics for all permanent job vacancies with a requirement for technical specification, industry standards, software libraries and framework skills.
All Software Libraries and Frameworks
Permanent vacancies with a requirement for technical specification, industry standards, software libraries and framework skills 55,203 70,919 72,505
As % of all permanent IT jobs advertised in the UK 37.83% 40.29% 40.57%
Number of salaries quoted 45,501 59,087 60,967
Median salary % change year-on-year +5.00% +5.26% -
% change year-on-year - +5.88% +2.41%
Job Vacancy Trend
Job postings citing Middleware as a percentage of all IT jobs advertised.
Salary Trend
This chart provides the 3-month moving average for salaries quoted in permanent IT jobs citing Middleware.
Salary Histogram
The salary distribution of IT jobs citing Middleware over the 6 months to 15 July 2019.
Top 17 Job Locations
The table below looks at the demand and provides a guide to the median salaries quoted in IT jobs citing Middleware within the UK over the 6 months to 15 July 2019. The 'Rank Change' column provides an indication of the change in demand within each location based on the same 6 month period last year.
England -113 1,009 £60,000 -4.00% 202
UK excluding London -134 582 £52,500 -4.55% 145
London -60 500 £70,000 - 66
South East -118 193 £57,500 -6.12% 39
North of England -72 129 £53,250 -3.18% 34
North West -22 72 £55,000 +15.79% 11
South West +19 69 £47,500 +5.36% 22
Midlands +37 65 £55,500 +0.91% 19
Scotland -37 60 £43,500 -3.33% 6
Yorkshire -46 54 £55,000 -18.52% 18
East of England -59 45 £52,500 -8.70% 22
West Midlands +34 41 £50,000 +11.11% 13
East Midlands +11 24 £57,500 +4.55% 6
Wales +12 15 £41,750 -13.02% 3
Isle of Man - 5 £49,000 -
North East +10 4 £68,202 +36.40% 5
Northern Ireland -16 1 - -
Top 30 Co-occurring IT Skills
For the 6 months to 15 July 2019, IT jobs citing Middleware also mentioned the following skills in order of popularity. The figures indicate the absolute number co-occurrences and as a proportion of all permanent job ads with a requirement for Middleware.
1 467 (40.71%) Java
3 351 (30.60%) SQL
4 300 (26.16%) Linux
5 291 (25.37%) Finance
6 243 (21.19%) Oracle
7 232 (20.23%) DevOps
8 217 (18.92%) Windows
9 193 (16.83%) SQL Server
10 192 (16.74%) C#
11 179 (15.61%) Web Services
12 178 (15.52%) Microsoft
13 174 (15.17%) Software Engineering
14 172 (15.00%) SOA
15 171 (14.91%) Amazon AWS
16 168 (14.65%) Python
17 145 (12.64%) JavaScript
18 143 (12.47%) Problem-Solving
19 141 (12.29%) OO
20 136 (11.86%) Degree
21 132 (11.51%) Analytics
22 131 (11.42%) UML
22 131 (11.42%) XML
23 129 (11.25%) Microsoft Azure
24 126 (10.99%) .NET
25 125 (10.90%) CSS
25 125 (10.90%) Relational Database
26 124 (10.81%) HTML
26 124 (10.81%) Migration
26 124 (10.81%) Spring
Co-occurring IT Skills by Category
1 108 (9.42%) Apache
3 76 (6.63%) Oracle SOA Suite
4 64 (5.58%) JBoss
5 63 (5.49%) WebLogic
7 48 (4.18%) BizTalk Server
8 26 (2.27%) SharePoint
9 24 (2.09%) MQSeries
10 23 (2.01%) WebSphere Application Server
11 22 (1.92%) Confluence
11 22 (1.92%) IIS
12 20 (1.74%) Oracle HTTP Server
13 18 (1.57%) Oracle Service Bus
14 16 (1.39%) Mule
15 15 (1.31%) Tuxedo
16 14 (1.22%) Jetty
16 14 (1.22%) Mule ESB
17 12 (1.05%) Elasticsearch
18 11 (0.96%) Oracle Workflow
1 28 (2.44%) Microsoft Office
2 18 (1.57%) Microsoft PowerPoint
3 12 (1.05%) Microsoft Excel
4 3 (0.26%) Microsoft Project
4 3 (0.26%) MS Visio
5 1 (0.087%) Adobe Premiere
5 1 (0.087%) Doxygen
5 1 (0.087%) FileZilla
5 1 (0.087%) Mingle
5 1 (0.087%) Spreadsheet
1 22 (1.92%) Oracle BPM
2 18 (1.57%) Dynamics CRM
3 16 (1.39%) SAP ERP
4 14 (1.22%) Dynamics AX
5 13 (1.13%) Markit EDM
5 13 (1.13%) thinkFolio
6 12 (1.05%) SAP Hybris
7 10 (0.87%) Oracle EBS
7 10 (0.87%) SAP S/4HANA
9 8 (0.70%) Remedy ITSM
10 7 (0.61%) Oracle ERP
11 5 (0.44%) Oracle Applications
11 5 (0.44%) PeopleSoft Financials
12 4 (0.35%) BusinessWorks
12 4 (0.35%) Distributed Ledger
12 4 (0.35%) Magento
12 4 (0.35%) Oracle EBS R12
12 4 (0.35%) SAP MM
13 3 (0.26%) Teamcenter
1 171 (14.91%) Amazon AWS
2 129 (11.25%) Microsoft Azure
4 47 (4.10%) Cloud Computing
6 37 (3.23%) Office 365
7 33 (2.88%) OpenShift
10 14 (1.22%) Power Platform
11 11 (0.96%) GitHub
11 11 (0.96%) Serverless
12 9 (0.78%) Amazon EC2
12 9 (0.78%) Apigee
12 9 (0.78%) IBM Cloud
13 8 (0.70%) Dynamics 365
14 7 (0.61%) Azure Active Directory
14 7 (0.61%) Azure Data Factory
14 7 (0.61%) BlazeMeter
14 7 (0.61%) Boomi
1 60 (5.23%) HTTP
2 36 (3.14%) Internet
3 33 (2.88%) Firewall
4 23 (2.01%) SAN
4 23 (2.01%) TCP/IP
5 20 (1.74%) FTP
6 16 (1.39%) DNS
6 16 (1.39%) NAS
7 14 (1.22%) SSL
8 11 (0.96%) WAN
9 10 (0.87%) LAN
10 9 (0.78%) Wireless
11 7 (0.61%) Network Security
12 6 (0.52%) DHCP
13 5 (0.44%) Ethernet
13 5 (0.44%) HTTPS
13 5 (0.44%) SMTP
14 2 (0.17%) DVB
14 2 (0.17%) Intrusion Detection
14 2 (0.17%) SSH
2 125 (10.90%) Relational Database
3 120 (10.46%) Big Data
5 49 (4.27%) Oracle Database
6 48 (4.18%) SQL Server Integration Services
8 43 (3.75%) Data Warehouse
10 34 (2.96%) SQL Server Reporting Services
11 30 (2.62%) PostgreSQL
12 18 (1.57%) MongoDB
13 16 (1.39%) Apache Cassandra
13 16 (1.39%) DB2
14 15 (1.31%) Blockchain
14 15 (1.31%) Oracle Database 10g
15 14 (1.22%) Power BI
15 14 (1.22%) SQL Server Analysis Services
17 11 (0.96%) Hadoop
1 103 (8.98%) Git (software)
2 72 (6.28%) Eclipse
3 68 (5.93%) Jenkins
4 64 (5.58%) JIRA
5 59 (5.14%) Eclipse RCP
9 25 (2.18%) Mockito
9 25 (2.18%) Subversion
10 24 (2.09%) TeamCity
10 24 (2.09%) Visual Studio
11 21 (1.83%) SoapUI
12 19 (1.66%) Gradle
13 18 (1.57%) Selenium
14 13 (1.13%) Ant
14 13 (1.13%) eggPlant
14 13 (1.13%) fastlane
14 13 (1.13%) JMeter
15 12 (1.05%) Sonatype Nexus
2 97 (8.46%) Banking
3 78 (6.80%) Retail
5 41 (3.57%) Manufacturing
6 29 (2.53%) Front Office
7 27 (2.35%) Local Government
8 24 (2.09%) Financial Institution
9 21 (1.83%) Investment Banking
9 21 (1.83%) Telecoms
10 19 (1.66%) Automotive
11 17 (1.48%) Advertising
12 16 (1.39%) Legal
13 13 (1.13%) Back Office
14 12 (1.05%) Electronics
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IRELAND: Mace plans expansion into supermarket sector
By just-food.com | 29 September 2003
Irish convenience store chain Mace has said it plans to invest €50m (US$57.1m) in a move into the supermarket sector. The company plans to open 30 Mace supermarkets by 2004, to add to its more than 450 convenience stores in Ireland, reported the Irish Times. "This new store format represents part of Mace segmentation strategy to grow the Mace business in Ireland," Conor Whelan, chairman of Mace Ireland, was quoted by the Irish Times as saying.
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A view of the Western Wall during Sukkot 2015 (Photo/JTA-Getty Images-AFP-Gil Cohen)
Reform leaders rethinking donations to Israel, says Palo Alto-based URJ chair
By Ben Sales | July 6, 2017
Daryl Messinger of Palo Alto knows she’s going to visit Israel again. But the next time she flies there, it won’t be on El Al.
Messinger, the chair of the Union for Reform Judaism, will be boycotting Israel’s national airline as part of her protest of the Israeli government’s two votes last week that empowered its Orthodox sector at the expense of more liberal groups. She’s also going to make a point of buying non-kosher wines produced in Israel — a show of support for Jews who don’t observe traditional kosher laws.
“I want to make sure my dollars are working for my needs and for a pluralistic Israel,” said Messinger, who, two years ago, became the first woman to hold the URJ’s top lay leadership position. “The Israeli economy is the place where our American dollars are really impactful, so we need to be really clear about what goods and services we want to support and see thrive in Israel.”
Palo Alto’s Daryl Messinger, chair of the Union for Reform Judaism, says she will stop flying El Al in protest of the Israeli government’s recent votes on the Western Wall and Jewish conversions. (Courtesy/URJ)
Like many liberal Jewish leaders, Messinger is angry about the recent Israeli Cabinet vote to suspend the expansion of a non-Orthodox prayer area at the Western Wall and to give Israel’s Chief Rabbinate sole authority over official Jewish conversions performed in the country.
The votes have outraged American Jewry’s organizational elite, which sees them as a betrayal of Jewish pluralism and of Israel’s symbolic obligations to non-Orthodox Jews around the world. With limited leverage, Jewish leaders and pundits are now suggesting that they use the power of the purse to get their point across. Pundits have dared American Jews to stop giving money to Israeli causes from tourist attractions to hospitals — including its national airline. And Reform officials have called on their members to redirect their money to groups that advance their ideals.
American Jews may not vote in Israel, but they do give money there. According to a 2014 analysis by the Forward, American Jewish groups give nearly $1.8 billion to Israel each year.
“My original gut reaction when I read about what happened was to say, ‘The heck with this,’” said Harry Levy IV, the URJ’s treasurer. “Why should I give my money to Israel if they don’t want to recognize me as a Jew, much less believe in egalitarian prayer? My only vote is with my pocketbook. I don’t have a vote as an Israeli.”
Levy will not be suspending his giving to Israel, but he and Messinger are two of several active Reform Jewish donors who will be reapportioning their Israel philanthropy. A handful of members of URJ’s Oversight Committee — a 35-member body mostly elected from among the organization’s 253-member board — told JTA that they would be giving more to nonprofits that champion pluralism rather than large, general-interest Jewish fundraising bodies.
URJ officials aren’t the only ones to publicly question their giving to Israel.
Michael Price, a retired musical theater producer from Connecticut, gave frequently over the past six decades to his local Jewish federation, an umbrella for expansive Jewish giving. No more, he says. He’s going to donate more to Reform institutions in the U.S. and around the world, as well as to liberal Zionist organizations like the New Israel Fund and J Street.
“I will be much more selective to make sure what I give will not be used against me, and by me I mean liberal Jews anywhere in the world,” Price said. “I will not let Israel fail, but I believe that the right-wing government of Israel, [Prime Minister Benjamin] Netanyahu and the rabbinate in Israel are absolutely blind or mean-spirited, blind to the contributions of liberal Jews.”
American Jewish groups give nearly $1.8 billion to Israel each year.
This week, Isaac “Ike” Fisher, a board member of the Israel lobby AIPAC from Coral Gables, Florida, threatened to suspend his Israel philanthropy. In an email to JTA he wrote that he hopes “Jews in the diaspora will recognize the threat that a creeping theocracy can have on a democratic state.”
Usually wary to wade into Israeli controversies and alienate any of their diverse donors, North American federations were nonetheless quick to criticize the Israeli government decisions last week.
“We are outraged at two Israeli government actions [on June 25] that would destroy the fundamental principle that Israel, our Jewish homeland, is a place where all Jews can and must feel at home,” UJA Federation New York, the country’s largest Jewish federation, said in a statement.
Like other federations, it warned Israel that the issue could rupture the relationship between diaspora Jews and Israel, which is often measured in dollars and cents.
“There’s been a remarkable change of stance by federations in North America backing away from what had previously been an unconditional support of the Israeli government,” said David Baskin, a URJ board member from Toronto. “Everyone is worried that liberal Jews in particular will stop giving to federations, to the extent that federations are supporting Israel, and that’s a well-founded fear.”
In an unusual step, Steven Nasatir, president of the Jewish United Fund of Metropolitan Chicago, told the Times of Israel that any lawmaker who votes for the conversion bill is not welcome in his community. (Bowing to such outrage, Israel’s Cabinet agreed to postpone movement on the conversion law for six months.)
Some Reform donors reject the idea of withholding money from mainstream Jewish groups as a pressure tactic. URJ Vice Chair Jennifer Kaufman said she would not ask anyone to stop giving to federations, just to consider giving to other organizations as well.
“I’m not about to suggest that someone shouldn’t be giving money to where they’ve been giving money,” she said. “I think that’s something everyone has to decide for themselves. I would not be comfortable telling people what they should do with their philanthropic donations.”
Even as they spoke of pressuring Israel financially, Reform donors denied any parallel to the boycott, divestment and sanctions movement against Israel. Instead of isolating Israel economically, these donors are considering increasing their giving — but changing which Israelis get it.
“This is about redirecting funds strategically,” said Messinger, the former president of Congregation Beth Am in Los Altos Hills. “It’s not about spending less. It’s about investing in areas where it’s clearly promoting democratic, pluralistic Israel, an Israel we’d like to all be part of.”
Ben Sales
JTA reporter
Tags: Western Wall, Reform Judaism, Kotel, Union for Reform Judaism, Daryl Messinger
Israel, sexual violence weigh on largest-ever Reform gathering
Reform Judaism conference embraces transgender rights
Questions for new URJ chair Daryl Messinger of Palo Alto
Palo Alto woman to become first female chair of Union for Reform Judaism
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Home Transportation Xiomi first ever electric Moped ‘Himo T1’ gives a range of 120km
Xiomi first ever electric Moped ‘Himo T1’ gives a range of 120km
Xiomi Himo T1 electric moped
The increasing impact of the automobiles on the environment is a matter of concern. So, most of the automobile manufacturing companies are lining up or working on launching EVs – electric vehicles in the domestic and international markets.
Chinese tech giant Xiaomi, better known for its mobile phones in India, has been launching a number of electric mobility options in China. Until now, they launched a number of e-cycles, electric self-balancing scooter, kick scooters, a Ninebot Electric Gokart, and much more.
Now, the company has launched a minimalist, in a budget electric bike in China, named the Himo T1. It is their first ever electric mopped and appears to be a mix of a moped and a step through. It is priced at 2,999 Chinese Yuan ( around Rs 31,110).
The electric moped looks like a bike but also has pedals which make it more of an e-bike than a normal cycle. The T1 utilizes a 350W rated brushless permanent magnet motor which is powered by a 14,000mAh Li-ion battery with a nominal voltage of 48V, that also provides 14Ah/ 28Ah energy options. The 14Ah gives the moped a range of 60km, whereas the battery pack that is rated at 28Ah, increases the range to 120km.
An all-digital instrument cluster
The moped weighs just 53kg. The company also claimed that the Xiaomi HIMO Electric Bicycle T1 is based on a patented design and the parts are carefully selected based on the fire-resistant materials and paint. As for the meter, it comes with a high-sensitive digital display that adopts based on the light.
Moreover, Xiomi Himo T1 comes integrated with one-touch button start, multi-function combination switch, and 90 mm wide and 8mm thick high-elastic rubber tires.
full-LED lighting
Braking on the moped is handled by a disc up front and a drum at the rear. The electric moped also uses full-LED lighting and an all-digital instrument cluster. The cluster displays information like battery percentage, speed and time. In addition, its headlight with 18,000 cd brightness (as claimed by the manufacturer) can illuminate 15 meters on high beam and 5 meters on low beam.
As the company announced, Xiomi Himo T1 is expected to reach buyers this year in China from June 4.
Xiomi
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Facing Criticism, ICE Announces Reforms To Its Secure Communities Program
By Ruxandra Guidi
SAN DIEGO Across the country, a wide majority of counties are signed on to the Secure Communities program, which relies on fingerprint data provided by local and state law enforcement after suspects are booked and jailed.
The program has been in existence for three years. But since 2010, ICE has been criticized for deporting a large number of non-criminal immigrants -- almost 30 percent of a total of 77,000 deportees.
After speaking to immigration attorneys at the American Immigration Lawyers Association meeting in San Diego, ICE director, John Morton, announced reforms.
Reforms to Secure Communities include giving ICE attorneys more power than arresting officers in deciding whether an immigrant should be deported or not.
Starting immediately, ICE will establish a new detainer form which limits the detention of undocumented immigrants without charges to 48 hours. The agency will also help train law enforcement around the country on civil liberties issues.
"We do prioritize with a heavy focus on serious offenders first," Morton told reporters. "The program is not restricted to just those who are serious offenders, but we do have a prioritization and we're trying to constantly work on refining it."
ICE Detention Beds New Stumbling Block In Efforts To Prevent Another Shutdown
DHS Publishes List of Jurisdictions That Rejected Immigrant Detainer Requests
Deportation Decline In San Diego Reflects Obama Policy Shift
Immigration To Renew Effort To Deport Central American Immigrant Families
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KRANENDONK
Smart robotics
NederlandsEnglishDeutsch日本語简体中文
Offshore & Energy
Choose your industry:
Robotic cutting
Robotic assembly
Article - Smart robotics, Smart people
Sander Voerman
– Updated
In 1983, when Arie Kranendonk built his first automation solutions for regional companies from a garage in Ingen, he could never have imagined that the company would develop into a significant international player in the field of automated robotic systems for the shipbuilding industry.
Text: Rein de Ruiter. Photos: Roy Versteeg
KRANENDONK - Smart Robotics is relatively unknown in Tiel, where the company moved into a brand new head office on the Biezenwei at Medel last year. But the Dutch manufacturer plays a leading role within the worldwide maritime and offshore industries.
The new head office in Tiel.
Visitors to KRANENDONK - Smart Robotics in Tiel know what the company is all about the moment they step through the door. Standing prominently in the entrance hall is the very first robot that Kranendonk ever used in a system. This machine marked the start of the company's history. Fueled by software developed in-house, robots cut and weld steel in a fully-automated process for the shipbuilding sector, but also for pipelines in large offshore projects, bridges and sports stadiums. Robots are traditionally deployed in repetitive production tasks, but the Kranendonk philosophy is completely the other way around: the automation of non-repetitive production through the application of smart robotics.
The company's marketing manager, Sander Voerman, laughs as he forgives you for never having heard of Kranendonk. "The Netherlands is a relatively small player in this niche market. No less than 90 percent of our products are currently exported abroad. Approximately 60 percent of all our work is destined for the shipbuilding sector, and if we add to that the offshore assignments then that accounts for four-fifths of our production. Complementing these activities are the company's structural steel construction solutions. We deliver not only the high-tech robots and the accompanying software, but we also help designing the complete factory lay-out for the client."
Since the shipbuilding relationship is traditionally so strong, KRANENDONK rubs shoulders with a number of clients in this sector through its offices abroad. Alongside a number of sales and service outlets in Singapore, Japan, China and most recently the United States, KRANENDONK - Smart Robotics also has a site in Denmark where much of the complex software is developed. But head office is and remains Dutch, confirms Voerman. Approximately 60 staff are employed in Tiel at the moment - predominantly highly-educated engineers - and the company is an important engine for employment in the 'Rivierenland' area.
Arie Kranendonk (middle) and the deputy mayor of Tiel (right) opening the new head office.
KRANENDONK supplies fully-automated welding lines, primarily for the maritime sector, as well as cutting lines for the offshore and steel industries. For somebody not in the steel business, a visit to the enormous self-contained factory is an eye-opener. Numerous smart robots are assembled by specialists and carry out their assignments within gantries towering metres into the air. The machines look as if they are big, but need to be produced as compactly as possible. Manufacturing the double bottoms or hulls of ships is not easy, small spaces and complex construction demands a certain compactness. Voerman: "We produce everything according to precise customer requirements, or 'tailor made' as it is called nowadays.
In the factory, the robot welds or cuts every component exactly as the client requires. We often make one-time, unique constructions because our work here is fully tailor made. We make use of basic concepts that have stood the test of time and adapt them to customer requirements. Take automation of the robot's programme, for example. Our customers deliver so-called 3D-cad models to us that we can subsequently read into our own RinasWeld software, saving us hours of work-preparation processes. We are not welders; we are automation specialists. The customer has the welding know-how and understands the fine-tuning, but we fix everything else here in Tiel."
On our own premises
The often enormous machines are assembled and tested extensively in Tiel. This has its benefits, because each and every deviation is spotted in Tiel already and can be adjusted immediately. "The calibration process here is pretty far-reaching. A very slight deviation can become truly substantial and cause problems for the customer because the machines are so incredibly large. Calibration specialists, mechanical engineers and software engineers work shoulder to shoulder in Tiel.
Driving innovation using a 3D printer for scale modelling.
Kranendonk develops everything on its own premises and the various teams work together to conceive the latest techniques and superior customer solutions. The nice thing about this is the fact that the customer receives a product on which a complete team of proud, often young employees has worked very hard. A dynamic team that is able to think outside the box - and does so! And these kind of compliments circulate quickly throughout our customer base."
Once the fully-automated robots and the software have proven themselves in Tiel, employees disassemble the giant machine as a kind of reverse construction package. The component parts then disappear into standard seagoing containers ready for shipping from the Rotterdam harbour to the customer. Teams of specialists subsequently fly after the components and assemble the machine at final destination while instructing the end-users about how to operate and maintain the machine.
"There are only a few companies in the world that can offer automation for the shipbuilding industry at this level," according to Voerman. "We distinguish ourselves by making new technologies quickly available and by accelerating processes that were formerly typically done by hand."
Following the economic downturn that affected almost everybody, wherever in the world - including KRANENDONK, things are more than looking up for the robot specialists in Tiel. The office premises are literally bursting at the seams, even though the site was delivered to KRANENDONK only in September last year. The search is on for new housing opportunities in the area for the company. The portfolio is growing exponentially as interest from around the world, specifically Asia in general and China in particular, is turning into increased demand. The Chinese are increasingly in search of sophisticated technologies - and end up in Tiel, almost as a matter of course.
The number of job vacancies is increasing by the month with the company looking to fill two to three job positions every month. With a certain feeling for understatement, Marketing manager Voerman characterises this as 'a challenge'. Although the company until now has succeeded in recruiting the right kind of clever specialists, the pond of subject matter experts in the Rivierenland region is becoming increasingly empty.
To this end, KRANENDONK maintains excellent contact with training colleges and further education institutions in the region. And their own 'KRANENDONK Academy' is the way in which new employees are trained in-house. Naturally enough, KRANENDONK keeps a sharp eye on the future, because fossil fuels will no longer be the key driver at some point in time. Customers already considering this perspective will ultimately need to adjust the way they think and redirect their activities more towards solar and wind energy, for example. "And we're happy to think along with them, of course," says Voerman. "KRANENDONK - Smart Robotics views this future with confidence too."
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Russian President says Libya needs a ceasefire
80 migrants feared dead off Tunisian coast after setting off Libya’s Zuwara
UN mission in Libya fails to warn Haftar over his forces’ violations in the south
By Libyan Express Published 10 Feb 2019
The United Nations Support Mission in Libya (UNSMIL) has issued a statement reminding all Libyan parties of their obligations to guarantee the protection of civilians and the country’s resources – which belong to all Libyans – by avoiding targeting economic facilities and putting civilians in harm’s way, under any pretext.
“UNSMIL reiterates the need for all parties to abide by international humanitarian law.” The statement said on Sunday.
This came after the Libyan Air Force of east-based Khalifa Haftar’s self-styled army carried Saturday afternoon an airstrike on the runway of El Feel oilfield in southwestern Libya, nearly hitting an oil company plane that was transferring employees and staffers to Tripoli.
80 migrants feared dead off Tunisian coast after setting off Libya’s…
In this context, the UNSMIL reiterated the need to limit all military operations in the Libyan south to the fight against terrorism and organised crime.
“UNSMIL offers its good offices for mediation purposes and reminds all parties of the need to exercise restraint and resort to dialogue to resolve their differences.”
The UNSMIL failed to acknowledged the obvious fact that the attack on the runway of El Feel was carried out by warplanes under the command of Khalifa Haftar.
On the other hand, the Presidential Council of Libya’s Government of National Accord (GNA) condemned the attack and rendered it as terrorist act and a crime against humanity.
The Presidential Council instructed its Foreign Ministry to document the terrorist act and present it at the United Nations Security Council, citing the need to hold the ones behind endangering the lives of civilians and the resources of the country accountable.
HaftarLibyaUNUNSMIL
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Overview Vision & Mission Founder Limkokwing Foundation History Accreditation International Network Maseru Campus Why Limkokwing
Limkokwing Maseru
Maseru Campus
Moshoeshoe Road, Maseru Central
Maseru 100, Lesotho.
Tel: (+266) 2231 9779/9787
Timetable Calendar Course Materials Courses eLibraries Financial Assistance International Services Admission Student Awards Global University Campus
Facilities Dining Living Expenses Discover Lesotho University Ambassadors Helpline
The traditional cuisine of Lesotho consists of papa (corn meal), vegetables and meat with numerous flavourful and colourful variations. The city also has many restaurants that cater to a wide range of international tastes.
Lesotho offers natural beauty, rugged terrain, and rich local culture and traditions, and a scarcity of civilization's trappings, such as landlords and fences, provides a permit-free playground for the more intrepid adventurers.
Marketing Executive (Student Recruitment - European Market)
Lecturer - Faculty of Architecture and Built Environment (FABE)
Advertising Copywriter
Jeffery Yap
Design Director, Idea Vault
Limkokwing University offers one of the widest choices of courses to major in. The open studio concept for industrial design generated…
Timetable Calendar Course Materials Courses eLibraries Financial Assistance International Services Admission Student Awards
Limkokwing University collaborates with UNESCO IITE to boost inclusivity in education in Botswana
Limkokwing University successfully hosts…
Tan Sri Limkokwing urges graduates to shape…
Limkokwing’s Class of 2019 ready to design…
BRDB explores collaboration with Limkokwing…
Collaboration Opportunities with CGIM
Collaboration with Sri Lanka
Limkokwing University and the UNESCO Institute for Information Technologies in Education (IITE) are working together on introducing new ICT solutions that will widen the delivery of skills-based education to the most marginalised communities in Botswana, including people with disabilities.
This collaboration can be seen as a natural progression since Limkokwing Botswana has long championed inclusivity on campus, with over 140 students with disabilities graduating in Gaborone since 2011 under the facilitation of the Special Needs Department.
The graduates were from Botswana, Namibia, Lesotho, South Africa and Zimbabwe and had studied in the field of Interior Design, Creative Multimedia, Broadcasting Radio & Television, Retail Marketing Management, Hospitality & Tourism Management, and Graphic Design.
Under a collaboration formalised in Moscow in February this year, the University and the Limkokwing Foundation for People with Disabilities will work with UNESCO IITE on research as well as piloting advanced technologies including interactive tools, online tools, and assistive technologies to enhance teaching, learning and social inclusion.
“We are doing this to enable more people with disabilities to become active knowledge constructors and global citizens who participate fully in all aspects of society,” said Dato’ Gail Phung, Senior Vice-President for Corporate Development, Limkokwing University.
On 21 May 2019, Natalia Amelina, who heads the Unit of Teacher’s Professional Development and Networking at UNESCO IITE, toured Limkokwing University in Cyberjaya, as part of a three-day working visit to Malaysia.
She said the collaboration with Limkokwing University was aligned with the United Nations Sustainable Development Goals (SDG) Goal 4 for Quality Education.
“We hope the outcome of this collaboration will help boost equal access to all levels of education and vocational training,” she said on a three-day working visit to Malaysia.
The collaboration will also include an exciting new project called the “ICT for University Accessibility Network” which is aimed at social and educational inclusion of students with disabilities.
About Limkokwing Foundation for People with Disabilities
The Limkokwing Foundation for People with Disabilities is on a mission to provide greater access to tertiary education and vocational training for individuals living with impairments, equipping them with the ability to harness their talent in pursuit of realising their true potential.
It was set up by Limkokwing University Founder President, Tan Sri Dato’ Sri Paduka Limkokwing, a global philanthropist who has dedicated the past 50 years of his life to help lift up those in need.
The Foundation was established with the vision to create a more inclusive future for all mankind, based on the belief that inclusivity powers innovation and every human being can contribute value to society if given the opportunity to participate.
“Inclusivity brings about unique perspectives and fresh ideas. When everyone is included in the conversation, it gives us a better chance of finding solutions for the global problems we face today. The more inclusive we are, the more innovative we will be,” said Tan Sri Limkokwing.
The spirit of inclusivity in education has been in practice since the inception of the University in 1991.
Unlike any other institution, at Limkokwing University, students with disabilities learn together with other students in the very same classrooms, lecture halls and laboratories.
This fully immersive experience, where there are no boundaries of politics, race, religion or impairments, helps Limkokwing students with disabilities graduate into confident and highly capable young leaders of tomorrow.
Able-bodied students also benefit from this inclusivity as they learn compassion and gain better understanding of the challenges faced by people living with impairments. This holistic university experience is unique to all Limkokwing students, preparing them for their career and life journey ahead.
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Final Year students hold ‘Artstronauts: Space for the future’ Design…
Limkokwing University remains fully committed to providing the best education…
Discover Lesotho
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FDA approves drug for loss of sexual desire in women
(Reuters) – The U.S. drug regulator on Friday approved Palatin Technologies and Amag Pharmaceuticals’ drug to restore sexual desire in premenopausal women, the latest attempt to come up with a therapy that some have dubbed as “female Viagra”.
FILE PHOTO: A view shows the U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA) headquarters in Silver Spring, Maryland August 14, 2012. Picture taken August 14, 2012. REUTERS/Jason Reed
The therapy, Vyleesi, will compete in a market which has seen previous attempts fail. Analysts have said that a drug that safely and effectively treats loss of sexual desire in women could eventually reach annual sales of about $1 billion.
Palatin’s shares jumped 44% to $1.93, while Amag shares rose 11.5% after market.
Vyleesi, chemically known as bremelanotide, activates pathways in the brain involved in sexual desire, helping premenopausal women with hypoactive sexual desire disorder (HSDD).
The drug will compete with Sprout Pharmaceuticals’ Addyi, a once-daily pill that was approved for HSDD in 2015 with a warning restricting alcohol use when on the medication. It will be available from September through select pharmacies.
Addyi was approved under intense pressure from advocacy groups despite a review by scientists at the Food and Drug Administration (FDA) that deemed it minimally effective and possibly unsafe.
Vyleesi, which does not restrict alcohol use, is seen as having several advantages over Addyi, including tolerable side effects, rapid-acting nature and not having to take it every day, according to analysts.
Side effects reported during clinical trials included mild to moderate nausea lasting no more than two hours and mostly occurred over the first three doses, Amag said. About 40% of patients in clinical trials experienced nausea.
The drug is administered as a shot into the abdomen or thigh using an auto-injector at least 45 minutes before anticipated sexual activity, with the FDA recommending patients not to take more than one dose within 24 hours or more than eight doses per month.
The drug was developed by Palatin and Amag holds exclusive North America sales rights. Palatin will get $60 million from Amag for the approval plus additional payments for certain sales milestones and royalties.
HSDD affects about 6 million women in the U.S., but few seek or receive treatment.
SVB Leerink analyst Ami Fadia said there will be a need for more direct-to-consumer advertising through social media, which could help in building awareness about HSDD.
“These women are just suffering in silence and so the market doesn’t really exist today,” Amag CEO William Heiden said.
Ladenburg Thalmann analyst Michael Higgins forecast Vyleesi sales could reach $732 million by 2030.
Reporting by Saumya Sibi Joseph in Bengaluru; Editing by Bill Berkrot and Shounak Dasgupta
NORMAN, Okla. (Reuters) – Lawyers for.
Healthy living may help offset genetic risk of dementia: study
LONDON (Reuters) – Living healthily with.
Democrats take aim as Trump abandons drug pricing plan
WASHINGTON (Reuters) – Democrats see U.S..
U.S. appeals court blocks Trump administration birth control exemptions
(Reuters) – A federal appeals court.
China vows to tackle dead pig scam amid swine fever epidemic
FILE PHOTO: Piglets are seen by.
Alberta joins Ontario in pulling some CannTrust weed products
TORONTO (Reuters) – Alberta is placing.
Trump administration pushes U.S. at-home kidney care, transplant availability
NEW YORK/WASHINGTON (Reuters) – The Trump.
U.S. appeals court signals sympathy to bid to strike down Obamacare
NEW ORLEANS (Reuters) – A federal.
U.S. judge strikes down Trump administration rule requiring drug prices in TV ads
(Reuters) – A federal judge on.
Intra-Cellular drug fails one of two bipolar depression studies; shares fall
(Reuters) – Intra-Cellular Therapies Inc said.
China reports new African swine fever outbreak in Guangxi region
BEIJING (Reuters) – China’s southwestern region.
Weed ban means no Rocky Mountain high for Canada’s Calgary Stampede
CALGARY, Alberta (Reuters) – Canada’s Calgary.
Weightlifting better at reducing heart fat than aerobic exercise
Obese people who engaged in resistance.
Sydney’s city council reviews use of Bayer’s Roundup weed killer amid cancer fears
SYDNEY (Reuters) – Sydney’s city council.
Bulgaria confirms two cases of African swine fever
SOFIA (Reuters) – Bulgaria has confirmed.
FDA approves Karyopharm Therapeutics’ blood cancer drug
(Reuters) – The U.S. Food and.
Facebook to tackle content with misleading health claims
FILE PHOTO: The Facebook logo is.
FDA ties three deaths to Edwards Lifesciences’ recalled heart devices
India asks its states not to partner with Philip Morris-funded foundation
NEW DELHI (Reuters) – India’s health.
U.S. federal court delays adoption of healthcare rule on abortion
FILE PHOTO – A imaging table.
China tightens vaccine management after scandals
FILE PHOTO – A nurse prepares.
U.S wages lost to unpaid family care to hit $147 billion by 2050
As the U.S. population ages, the.
U.S. ‘gag rule’ linked to 40% jump in abortions in parts of Africa
LONDON (Reuters) – A decades-old U.S..
Study shows major real-world impact of cervical cancer vaccines
LONDON, June 26 (Reuters) – Vaccination.
Glyphosate use will eventually end, Merkel says
German Chancellor Angela Merkel attends a.
Unproven stem cell therapies often peddled by doctors without training
At U.S. clinics advertising unproven stem.
Teleflex recalls breathing tubes worldwide after reports of 4 deaths
(Reuters) – Teleflex Inc said on.
In border camps, Syrians rely on doctors in trucks and tents
AZAZ, Syria (Reuters) – The Syrian.
Thailand bans pig imports from Laos after African swine fever outbreak
BANGKOK (Reuters) – Thailand will ban.
Missouri orders lone abortion clinic to close; judge keeps it open for now
ST. LOUIS (Reuters) – Missouri health.
Merck CEO sees legal challenge if U.S. adopts drug pricing based on other countries
NEW YORK (Reuters) – Merck &.
Strobing stage lights could up risk of epileptic seizures
(Reuters Health) – Flashing light effects.
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Palm Beach and vicinity, Kennedy family, K. LeMoyne "Lem" Billings, others, 1936: March-April
Contains 15 photographic prints: (KFC589N, KFC580N, KFC579N, KFC575N, KFC576N, KFC578N, KFC585N, KFC204N, KFC583N, KFC577N, KFC584N, KFC582N, KFC587N, KFC581N, KFC586N)
Palm Beach, Joseph P. Kennedy, Mrs. Joseph P. Kennedy, children, James Roosevelt, Betsey Cushing Roosevelt, Easter Sunday, 1 April 1934
Contains 6 photographic prints: (KFC128N, KFC323N, KFC322N, KFC199N, KFC202N, KFC325N)
Palm Beach, Alligator Farm, Eunice Kennedy, Robert F. Kennedy, Jean Kennedy, Edward M. Kennedy, others, 1934: March
Contains 7 photographic prints: (KFC198N, KFC192N, KFC194N, KFC1021N, KFC200N, KFC196N, KFC262N)
Christmas Day, Palm Beach
KFC2806N. Unidentified Women in Palm Beach, Florida
Four unidentified young women dine at a table on an outdoor patio in Palm Beach, Florida; a dog is visible between the two women at left. [Notes: See also vintage print in album KFC-073-001.]
Two unidentified young women dine at a table on an outdoor patio in Palm Beach, Florida; a dog is visible between the two women. [Notes: See also vintage print in album KFC-073-001.]
KFC2802N. Robert F. Kennedy and Kathleen Kennedy in Palm Beach, Florida
Robert F. Kennedy and Kathleen Kennedy pose outdoors with their arms around each other in Palm Beach, Florida; a dog sniffs the ground in the foreground at left.
KFC2013N. Joseph P. Kennedy, Jr., with Kennedy Family Dog in Palm Beach, Florida
Joseph P. Kennedy, Jr. (reclining in a wicker love seat), holds Kennedy family dog, Fury, on his lap during the Christmas holiday at the family home in Palm Beach, Florida. [Notes: See also vintage print in album KFC-073-001.]
KFC1819N. Joseph P. Kennedy, Jr., with Singer Morton Downey and a Friend in Palm Beach, Florida
Joseph P. Kennedy, Jr. (middle), sits in a wicker patio chair beside singer and Kennedy family friend, Morton Downey (left, holding Fury, the Kennedy family dog), and an unidentified man at the Kennedy family home in Palm Beach, Florida, during the Christmas holiday. [Notes: See also vintage print in KFC-073-001.]
KFC1603N. Singer Morton Downey with Kennedy Family Dog, Fury, in Palm Beach, Florida
Singer and Kennedy family friend, Morton Downey (seated), leans back in a wicker chair in the courtyard of the Kennedy family home in Palm Beach, Florida, during the Christmas holiday; Kennedy family dog, Fury (center), reclines near Mr. Downey.
KFC575N. John F. Kennedy Holds Snake at Trapper's Camp in Jupiter, Florida
1936: March-April
John F. Kennedy (right, with bandages on his legs) poses holding a snake at Trapper Nelson's Zoo and Jungle Garden along the Loxahatchee River in Jupiter, Florida; Rosemary Kennedy (with a bandage on her right knee) stands in back at left. [Notes: Original caption from vintage print in album KFC-049-001 reads, "Rose, Jack"; original caption from similar photograph on adjacent page in album reads, "Up the river."]
KFC325N. Robert F. Kennedy and Edward M. Kennedy with Pet Rabbit in Palm Beach, Florida, on Easter Sunday
Edward M. Kennedy (seated in grass in foreground) poses with a rabbit on the lawn of the Kennedy family home in Palm Beach, Florida; Robert F. Kennedy sits in the background. [Notes: Original caption from vintage print in album KFC-049-001 reads, "Ted, Easter Sunday, April 1, 1934, Palm Beach."]
Edward M. Kennedy (standing at left) and Robert F. Kennedy (kneeling in grass) pose with a rabbit on the lawn of the Kennedy family home in Palm Beach, Florida. [Notes: Original caption from vintage print in album KFC-049-001 reads, "Ted, Bob, Easter Sunday, April 1, 1934, Palm Beach."]
KFC202N. Eunice Kennedy, Patricia Kennedy, and Edward M. Kennedy with Pet Rabbit in Palm Beach, Florida, on Easter Sunday
Edward M. Kennedy (front), Eunice Kennedy, and Patricia Kennedy (right) pose with a rabbit on the lawn of the Kennedy family home in Palm Beach, Florida. [Notes: Original caption from vintage print in album KFC-049-001 reads, "Easter Sunday, April 1, 1934, Eunice, Ted, Pat, Palm Beach."]
KFC199N. Robert F. Kennedy with Pet Rabbit in Palm Beach, Florida, on Easter Sunday
Robert F. Kennedy (kneeling in the grass) pets a rabbit on the lawn of the Kennedy family home in Palm Beach, Florida, on Easter Sunday.
KFC1021N. Ostrich at Alligator Farm and Zoo in Palm Beach, Florida
View of an ostrich behind an enclosure at the Ostrich-Alligator Farm & Zoo in Lantana, Palm Beach County, Florida.
KFC262N. Governess to the Kennedy Children, Alice Cahill, Views Bears at Alligator Farm and Zoo in Palm Beach, Florida
Governess to the Kennedy children, Alice Cahill (center, wearing hat), views a bear enclosure at the Ostrich-Alligator Farm & Zoo in Lantana, Palm Beach County, Florida. In right foreground, a bear drinks milk from a bottle; all others are unidentified. [Notes: See also vintage print in album KFC-046-001.]
KFC200N. Unidentified Man with Snake at Alligator Farm and Zoo in Palm Beach, Florida
An unidentified man poses with a snake wrapped around his shoulders at the Ostrich-Alligator Farm & Zoo in Lantana, Palm Beach County, Florida.
KFC198N. Robert F. Kennedy Feeds Bear at Alligator Farm and Zoo in Palm Beach, Florida
Robert F. Kennedy (second from left) feeds a bear from behind an enclosure at the Ostrich-Alligator Farm & Zoo in Lantana, Palm Beach County, Florida. Looking on (L-R): Eunice Kennedy; Jean Kennedy; governess to the Kennedy children, Alice Cahill; Edward M. Kennedy; nanny to the Kennedy children, Katherine Conboy. [Notes: Original caption from vintage print in album KFC-046-001 reads, "Alligator Farm - March 1934, Eunice, Bob, Jean, Miss Cahill, Ted, Kikoo."]
KFC196N. Kennedy Family Children View Bears at Alligator Farm and Zoo in Palm Beach, Florida
The Kennedy family children and others watch from behind an enclosure as a bear (chained to a post, sitting atop a tree stump) drinks milk from a bottle at the Ostrich-Alligator Farm & Zoo in Lantana, Palm Beach County, Florida. Standing in group at right (L-R): governess to the Kennedy children, Alice Cahill (wearing hat, facing away); Eunice Kennedy; nanny to the Kennedy children, Katherine Conboy; Edward M. Kennedy; Jean Kennedy; Robert F. Kennedy. [Notes: See also vintage print in album KFC-046-001.]
KFC194N. Patricia Kennedy and Robert F. Kennedy View Bears at Alligator Farm and Zoo in Palm Beach, Florida
Robert F. Kennedy and Patricia Kennedy (both at left) view a bear enclosure at the Ostrich-Alligator Farm & Zoo in Lantana, Palm Beach County, Florida. In foreground, a bear (climbing a tree) drinks milk from a bottle; a second bear walks at right. [Notes: Original caption from vintage print in album KFC-046-001 reads, "Alligator Farm - March 1934, Bob, Pat."]
(-)Pets and other animals (31)
Downey, Morton, 1901-1985 (2)
(-)Florida (31)
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Short answer find the quotient 6x^3-x^2-7x-9 ------------ 2x+3
142,296 questions, page 1000
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science (please please please help)
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the play hamlet
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asked by lynn on February 4, 2007
@ Angie - math
Angie, I've reposted your question. You've posted this several times on other people's questions. That's called piggy-backing here and we delete posts that interfere with others' questions. Name: Angie Subject: math Message: Chad climbs a 57-foot tower to
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ALG 2!!!
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Math Geo help Ms Sue?
I have two questions about two circles. A.First circle shows half a line measuring 4mm using 3.14 for pie. I came up with an answer that is wrong.:( B.Second circle same pie but with a line all the way across the circle measuring 18cm. I got this one
asked by Chase on April 24, 2013
For the substance SO2F2(g), ΔHºf = -858 kJ mol-1 and the S-F bond, 308.0 kJ mol-1 Determine the average S=O bond energy in SO2F2 in units of kJ. Is my answer right, if so how do I convert this to kJ? x= S=O bond -858= 2(308) + 2(x) -737kJ/mol
asked by Nicky on March 29, 2015
A 86kg fisherman jumps from a dock into a 121kg rowboat at rest on the West side of the dock. If the velocity of the fisherman is 3.4m/s to the West as he leaves the dock, what is the final velocity of the fisherman and the rowboat? Answer in units of m/s
asked by go on March 31, 2011
1). What aspects of music do most people understand and appreciate about music? I.e., what do they remember about a piece – the melody, the rhythm, the harmony, the timbre, a combination of these? -I think the answer is melody but I'm not sure 2). If a
asked by Cara on May 19, 2016
Math156-check my answer please
a tennis magazine averages 150 pages per issue, there are 7 adds for every 3 pages. how many ads would you expect in a typical issue ? 150 divided by three =50 50 x 7 ads =350 my answer is 350 ads would be in an issue Is this correct ?
asked by Christy on September 15, 2009
I HAVE A QUESTION. When I post a question and there is now response to it does it means that my answer to my questions are correct? I post two questions yeaterday and received no response .Today I post the same two questions and still got no response. They
asked by DANIELLE on June 14, 2007
what is the difference between 1) municipal reformers (are municipal reformers socialists or Progressives?) 2) socialists 3) Progressives Aren't Progressives and socialists the same?They both want government invovlment. Also what is the difference between
asked by Amy~ on May 31, 2010
Energy subsidy. If you decide to have 400 calories of grass fed beef instead of 500 calories of feedlot beef about how many calories of energy inputs are you saving? Answer = 4,500 Would you calculate this by 400*10+500?
asked by Andrew on October 28, 2018
Raina's Coffee Shop makes a blend that is a mixture of coffee types A and B. In one bag of the blend, there are 5 kilograms of type A. Eight bags of the blend are a total of 80 kilograms. How many kilograms of type B are there in one bag. what is the
asked by sheri on March 12, 2016
Glucose is a common type of sugar. One glucose molecule is made up of 24 atoms. 1/4 of the atoms are carbon, 1/2 are hydrogen atoms, and 1/4 are oxygen atoms. Part A: How many oxygen atoms are there in 50 atoms? Part B:Explain how you found your answer for
asked by Sherman on April 19, 2014
I can not figure out this problem can you please help me solve it? Emma made a rectangular picture frame with the height of 25 5/6 inches. The frame is 5 2/3 inches wide. What is the height of the picture Emma placed in th picture frame? Explain how you
asked by Candy on June 1, 2016
At 5:00 in the evening, a man who was 71 inches tall cast a shadow that was 163 inches tall. At the same time a flagpole cast a 756 inches shadow. How tall was the flagpole? Express your answer in two decimal places.
asked by Jennifer on July 17, 2016
By applying Rolle's theorem, check whether it is possible that the function f(x)=x^5+x−5 has two real roots. Answer: (input possible or impossible ) Your reason is that if f(x) has two real roots then by Rolle's theorem: f′(x) must be (input a number
asked by Sarah on February 8, 2015
Family on a road trip. travels x miles on day 1. On day 2 they go 52 miles more than three times the number of miles traveled on day 1. The 3rd day they go 83 miles fewer than day 1. write and simplify an expression for the total number of miles traveled.
asked by stephie on January 19, 2016
Why is it possible to float a pin on the surface of water? A. The molecules of water on the surface change bonding as they dry out. B. The density of the pin is less than that of the water's surface. C. The surface tension of the water is so low. D. The
asked by Cortney on March 18, 2015
chemistry--URGENT, PLEASE HELP
What concentration of silver chromate (Ksp = 9.0 x 10-12) will dissolve to make a saturated solution in water? *For this one the formula is Ag2CrO4, which is [Ag]^2[CrO4]. I plugged x in for CrO4, so x^3 is equal to Ksp. I then got that x = 2.0e-4.
asked by Maggie on April 12, 2010
A 35 micro coulomb point charge is placed 32 cm from an identical 35 micro coulomb charge. How much work would be required to move a 0.50 micro coulomb test charge from a point midway between them to a point 12 cm closer to either of the charges? i got an
asked by lauren on February 11, 2016
The distance between two points is correctly expressed as 720 statute miles or 630 nautical miles. Which of the following most closely approximates the value of one statute mile in terms of nautical miles? a. 0.88 b. 0.89 c. 0.90 d. 1.14 e. 1.25 please
asked by thomas on May 4, 2014
The temperature of a cup of Starbucks coffee at time t (in minutes) is T(t)= 70 + c e^(-kt) . Initially, the temperature of the coffee was 200 degrees F. Three minutes later, it was 180 degrees. When will the temperature of the coffee be 150 degrees F? The
asked by Bill on November 10, 2009
math (pre-calc)
Analyzing a Stock. The beta, B of a stock represents the relative risk of a stock compared with a market basket of stocks, such as Standard and poor's 500 Index of stocks. Beta is computed by finding the slope of the line of best fit between the rate of
asked by Rony on March 31, 2010
If a rock is thrown upward on the planet Mercury with a velocity of 11 m/s, its height in meters t seconds later is given by y = 11t - 1.86t sqaure a : Find the average velocity over the given time intervals: [1, 2] , [1, 1.5] , [1, 1.1] , [1, 1.01] [1,
asked by Anonymous on August 28, 2010
an 85kg concrete block rests on a flat surface with coefficient of static friction us=0.42. find the maximum force that can pull on the block with, angle of 38 degrees above the horizontal without moving the block? please help and show work
asked by nick on October 9, 2016
Interactive Solution 12.29 presents a model for solving problems of this type. A thin spherical shell of silver has an inner radius of 5.64 x 10-2 m when the temperature is 24.1 °C. The shell is heated to 133 °C. Find the change in the interior volume of
asked by Anonymous on November 17, 2015
Math123
Question Part Points Submissions Used A stone is dropped into a lake, creating a circular ripple that travels outward at a speed of 40 cm/s. Find the rate at which the area within the circle is increasing after each of the following. (a) after 2 s cm2/s
I'm really confused how you do this Two unequal semicircles, a square , and a rectangle are joined. If the dimensions of the rectangle are 8in by 16in, find the are of the entire region to the nearest 10th. theres a rectangle in the middle and semi circle
asked by TRACY on December 23, 2011
Renae needs to put trim around a circular tablecloth with a diameter of 36 inches. Use the equation C=PId to find three sets of approximations for the amount of trim she will need. Truncate the value of PI to the to the ones,tens, and hundredths place.
asked by Nykeya on August 28, 2017
7. A cart like the one we use in lab accelerates down a 20° incline (and since the wheels are smooth, ignore friction for now). Break the force of gravity into components (leave mass as m for now), find the cart’s acceleration, and determine how long it
asked by Ke on March 4, 2015
how do i find the literary device in this poem? Her beam on the waves, I gazed awhile On her cold smile Too cold-too cold for me-\ There pass'd as a shroud A fleecy cloud, And i turned away to thee, Proud Evening Star
asked by marie on January 7, 2012
Complete combustion of 8.30 g of a hydrocarbon produced 26.7 g of CO2 and 9.10 g of H2O. What is the empirical formula for the hydrocarbon? My Work: First I tried to find the Amount of C and H in the product... Which I got 1 Mole of Carbon and 2 moles of
asked by Dan on October 21, 2015
Suppose that the investor of problem 14 bought 100 shares of the Geo Fund at $70 per share and that, for the sake of simplicity, we only consider the returns the fund earns and automatically reinvests at the rate of 2% per month. Find a. the beginning
A 50 ohm resistor is connected in series with a 0.2 H inductor, a 40 microFarad capacitor, and an AC Generator yielding 120 v (RMS) at 60 Hz. Find A) the inductive reactance b) the capacitive reactance and c) the total reactance, the impedance Z, and the
asked by Sandra on May 10, 2013
A survey was conducted to determine the number of hours people listen to the radio. While most of the listening is in the car, it turns out that the mean is 2.5 hours with a standard deviation of 0.75 hours. Find the probability that the sum of 80 values
asked by Jake on May 11, 2015
You have a 1200 foot roll of fencing and a large field. You want to make two smaller fields by splitting a rectangular enclosure in half.. 1. Use an algebraic solution to find the dimensions of the largest such enclosure. How big will the enclosure be?
asked by jill on April 3, 2011
I need to do a task analysis on a self-care task that i usually do everyday.I need to find out all the diferent tiny skills that make up that one task that I don't think much about it.I could do it in 2 different ways, and each way will give me a better
asked by Ale on January 13, 2009
A sled with mass 20 kg is given a shove up a frictionless incline which makes an angle of 28 degrees with the horizontal. eventually the sled comes to rest at height of 1.35 m above where it started. a)calculate its initial speed. b)find the work done by
asked by unknown on June 13, 2011
prealgbra
brandon needs $480 to buy a tv and stereo system for his room.He received $60 in cash for birthday presents. he plans to save $30 per week from his parttime job.to find how many weeks w it take to have $480, solve 60+30w=480
asked by janet on June 28, 2012
A survey was conducted to determine the number of hours people listen to the radio. While most of the listening is in the car, it turns out that the mean is 2.5 hours with a standard deviation of 0.75 hours. Find the probability that the sum of 100 values
asked by Alley on December 3, 2012
I believe innovation will come from outside the mainstream music .... If you are a record producer or engineer, create other products to produce. ... If you think you can survive in the recorded music business, find something else to sell. .... and
asked by licia on February 22, 2010
Please help!! I know how to work the problem to find velocities, but this one has me stumped! A 2.0kg block slides along a frictionless surface at 1.0m/s . A second block, sliding at a faster 4.4m/s , collides with the first from behind and sticks to it.
asked by Bonnie on October 18, 2014
Find the magnitude of the gravitational attraction force that the earth exerts on a 62-kilogram astronaut who is 8.00 X 10^7 meters away from the center of the earth. Useful numbers: M^earth=5.98 X 10^24kg; G=6.67 X 10^-11 N*m^2kg^-2 Please walk me through
asked by Jen on June 11, 2012
oh noo i dont want to write book so maybe this: how is racism interconnected with culture and what role does social structure play in racism and is it socially constructed if so why and how and to what capacity is power involved in racism maybe this if so
asked by Alie on December 21, 2016
When the equation below is balanced and all coefficients are in the lowest, whole number ratio, the coefficients are: C2H6 + O2 ¨ CO2 + H2O I am currently doing an online worksheet to improve in chemistry and I am not quite understanding how to find the
A woman with mass of 57 kg stands at the rim of a horizontal table having a moment of inertia of 570 kg m2 and a radius of 1.5 m.The turntable is initially at rest and is free to rotate about a frictionless, vertical axis through its center. The woman then
asked by Luhan on March 13, 2016
behavior problems (dogs)
please check my answer thanks Ariel is a six-year-old, spayed female Doberman. She has recently begun licking her left foreleg almost constantly. The licking has created a sore on her leg, but she continues the behavior. Your first recommendation to the
asked by Kai on October 6, 2008
Country Workshop manufactures both finished and unfinished furniture for the home. The estimated quantities demanded each week of its rolltop desks in the finished and unfinished versions are x and y units when the corresponding unit prices, in dollars,
asked by Mia on April 29, 2014
The art of photography creating many new options for artists to create images and messages. This image is successful in Portraying the message of the importance of a large family. Showing the women having a conversation with the child standing next to her.
asked by LOVE on August 18, 2016
It has been hypothesized that chloroplasts originate from photosynthetic cyanobacteria that became symbiotic inside a host cell.Which of the following observations provides the strongest evidence for this suggestion. A. Microscopically, chloroplasts appear
asked by Tessy on January 23, 2016
(DrBob222 please help me) A sample of 1.97 grams of Z is dissolved into 500 grams of water which is in a styrofoam coffee cup. The temperature is monitored and is found to rise from 25.015◦C to 25.484◦C. What is ∆Hsolution for substance Z? Assume no
asked by Rachel on September 22, 2016
Which of the following correctly describes an example of how climate affected the settlement in North America ? A. most of the United states settled in the Midwest, where temperatures are less extreme. B.Most of Canada's population lives along the southern
asked by sam on June 4, 2014
PHYSICS URGENT DR BOB
A ruler stands vertically against a wall. It is given a tiny impulse at θ=0∘ such that it starts falling down under the influence of gravity. You can consider that the initial angular velocity is very small so that ω(θ=0∘)=0. The ruler has mass m=
asked by Josh on December 8, 2013
Can you answer these questions: 1. Under the Articles of Confederation, the greatest amount of power was in the hands of the a) Congress b) American People c) National Government d) states 2. The structure of the Congress was created at the Constitutional
asked by S... on March 13, 2011
When did people stop using parchment and start using paper? These sites will give you the history of paper: (Broken Link Removed) http://inventors.about.com/library/inventors/blpapermaking.htm I'm not really sure as to the answer. You see, I'm writing a
asked by Elizabeth on March 23, 2007
Physics - Please Help
asked by Briggs on December 7, 2013
A woman with mass of 63 kg stands at the rim of a horizontal table having a moment of inertia of 520 kg m2 and a radius of 1.5 m. The turntable is initially at rest and is free to rotate about a frictionless, vertical axis through its center. The woman
asked by Lexus on February 16, 2015
Winnie write the following riddle.I am a number between 60 and 100.My ones digit is two less than my tens digit.I am a prime number.Winnie's friend Marci guessed that her riddle was about the number 79.Why can't 79 be the answer to Winnie's riddle?
The work required to stretch a certain spring from an elongation of 4.73 cm to an elongation of 5.73 cm is 31.7 J. (a) Is the work required to increase the elongation of the spring from 5.73 cm to 6.73 cm greater than, less than, or equal to 31.7 J? (b)
Grade 12 english
I'm to compare I have a Dream speech with Mandela's Inauguration speech literary devices used in their speeches. I found the similarities of literary devices used for both speeches but I cant answer the differences of literary devices between the two
asked by cindy on August 29, 2014
Physics (Work)
asked by Kate West on August 5, 2010
I have a statement that I have to answer either always true, sometimes true, or never true: A decigram is 100 times smaller than a gram. In my book it says deci - 10 times smaller than the unit it precedes. So that would mean decigram is always only 10
asked by Mike on September 25, 2008
Alan is using matchsticks to make isosceles triangles. Isosceles triangles have at least two sides the same length.How many different single isosceles triangles can he make with 45 matchsticks, using all the matchsticks each time? The answer is 11, but I
asked by LARA on November 6, 2013
MATH HELP MS SUE OR SOMEONE
Is the following statement true or false? Justify your answer using what you know about diameters and chords. Every diameter of a circle is a chord. True. Every diameter of a circle is a chord. This is true because every diameter passes through the center
asked by GoldenSparkleGirl on January 25, 2016
Why are current clothing styles generally more expensive than classic styles? a.current styles are better quality items b.classic styles do not change as often c.current styles have less variety d.classic styles are usually on sale i think the answer is d.
asked by pam on March 4, 2010
GK or Dr.Bob222...Chemistry please help...
Please refer to the previous post Chemistry Help Please. Moles of S203^2- = (molarity)(volume): =(0.032400 mol/L)(0.053 litres S203^2-) = 0.03240 moles S203^2- Posted by DrBob222 on Wednesday, October 22, 2008 at 9:37pm in response to GK..please
asked by Sara on October 23, 2008
A set of stairs has a rise of 6 inches and a run of 9 inches. The building safety code says the stairs should rise at an angle of between 30 degrees and 35 degrees. Does this set of stairs meet the safety regulations? Justify your answer by showing
asked by Riley on May 5, 2017
Two trucks start from the same point. One truck travels due east at a rate of 50 mph and the other trucks travels due north at a rate of 60 mph. At what rate is the distance between the two vehicles increasing 1 1/2 hours later? I think the answer is 55
asked by Katie on February 6, 2011
A lower yield of phosphonium salt is obtained in refluxing benzene than in xylene. Look up the boiling points for these solvents, and explain why the difference in boiling points might influence the yield. I'm not sure how to answer this question. I see
asked by Dennis on June 26, 2012
A spaceship at rest in a certain reference frame S is given a speed increment of 0.50c. Relative to its new rest frame, it is then given a further 0.50c increment. This process is continued until its speed with respect to its original frame S exceeds
asked by Brian on December 16, 2012
If the exponential equation of best fit is y= 2.9046(1.9798)^x, when will the population be more than 13 million? How would I figure this out? I already determined the population in 30 days was 2,299,989,909 which is quite far from 13 million, but that
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When using a light microscope to look att two hairs crossed over each other... Under low power were both hairs in focus at the same time? What about medium power? What does this tell you about the depth of field as you increase magnification. The answer to
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An ambulance is traveling east at 60.7 m/s. Behind it there is a car traveling along the same direction at 32.3 m/s. The ambulance driver hears his siren at a frequency of 521 Hz. At what frequency does the driver of the car hear the ambulance’s siren?
asked by Need answer by 10pm on January 26, 2014
story problem
Two wires stretch from a pole to two points on the ground which are 25 feet apart. The first wire is to the left of the pole and forms a 30° angle with the ground. The second wire is to the right of the pole and forms a 60° angle with the ground. How
asked by Alyssa on April 20, 2017
Physics!! Help!!!!!
A wire of length L and cross-sectional area A has resistance R. What will be the resistance R_stretched of the wire if it is stretched to twice its original length? Assume that the density and resistivity of the material do not change when the wire is
asked by Melissa on February 15, 2012
A ship is sighted from the top of a lighthouse. The angle of depression from the lighthouse to the top of the ship is 45 degrees. The distance from the top of the lighthouse directly to the ship is 4 miles. Calculate the horizontal distance of the ship
asked by Rose on January 7, 2016
stage directions are one element of a drama in a paragraph, define and provide an example of stage directions from "A surprising point of view". then analyze the stage directions. explain how these directions contribution to your understanding of "A
asked by Alex on May 30, 2017
Which of the following accurately shows the correct terms for the two sides of a chemical equation, correctly placed to the left or to the right where they belong, and also shows the correct symbol that is written between them? Choose a,b,c, or d. the
ALGEBRA 1 A
The St. Mark's Community Barbecue served 250 dinners. A child's plate cost $3.50 and an adult's plate cost $7.00. A total of $1347.50 was collected. How many of each type of plate was served? Is the answer 125 for child and 125 for adult is this correct?
asked by Terri on October 30, 2009
A figure is transformed into a new figure by being rotated 180 degrees, translated left 6 units, and dilated by a factor of 4. How are the old and new figures related? a)both congruent and similar b)congruent but not similar c)similar but not congruent
asked by robert on January 31, 2008
Math word problem
On Anne's bicycle, the ratio of pedal turns to rear-wheel turns in second gear is 4 to 7. If her rear wheel turns 994 times per mile, how many times does she turn the pedal in one mile? Express your answer as an integer or mixed number.
asked by Marcia on December 5, 2009
Each week, Bart earns a base rate of $85 and a commission on each dollar of merchandise he sells. If Bart sells $3600 in one week and c represents the commission percentage, which algebraic expression represents his earnings for that week? would the answer
asked by jill on October 2, 2012
Stage directions are one element of a drama. In a paragraph, define and provide an example of stage directions from A Surprising Point of View. Then analyze the stage directions. Explain how these directions contribute to your understanding of A Surprising
asked by kazHmiEr on May 30, 2016
Sally wants to buy some chips for her party. The bags of chips at Kroger are sold in 10.5 cup bags. Sally thinks that each guest will eat about 3/4 cup of chips. If she bought two bags of chips how many guests can she feed? I got an answer of two guest,
asked by Missy on September 28, 2008
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Eclectic 16
Electronic 24
Experimental 30
Folk - Americana 55
Hip-hop - Rap 25
Local Music LIVE Video! 13
R and B - Soul 15
Singer - Songwriter 59
Uncategorizable 14
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Home » We Recommend » Local Music » Whitney Rosalise
Whitney Rosalise
Tagged As: indie folk
Whitney Rosalise's music has a mysterious, almost supernatural power. While there are shades of Joanna Newsom, Grouper, Cocteau Twins' Elizabeth Fraser and Celtic folk in the mix, the overall effect is a mesmerizing and intimate take on indie-folk that is wholly unique. We are extremely fortunate to share a brand new interview with Rosalise about how her new album Superneutrality was born in the aftermath of a 2016 accident that challenged her will to live, her writing process and what inspires her about music in Kansas City.
Please introduce yourself. Describe your music for new listeners.
My name is Whitney Rosalise Hiebert and I’m a multi-instrumentalist, composer, singer-songwriter and poetess with a new song-book I wrote called “Vacayvay”. I just recently released a few of my songs from this book onto an album called “Superneutrality”. I think it’s safe to say my music sounds pretty dreamy, like a beautiful and spacious soundscape to me.
Superneutrality by Vacayvay
Talk about your new album as Vacayvay, Superneutrality. How long had you been working on it? What were some of the challenges in finishing it?
Ha-ha yes, most definitely. It took me about a year to write and every kind of difficulty challenged the recording of it. In 2016, I was in an accident where I lost almost everything; my car, my job, my health, and I became so poor that I was standing in food lines to feed my broken body. I basically lived on grits and watered-down coffee for over a year just to try and make a dent into expenses that I in no way knew how to afford. I lost my health and most my will to live. I was also going through a grieving process for my family as my mother was going through a series of cancer treatments for a terminal condition, so most of my days were a wash of grief, the kind where you lose track of the days and you can’t remember the last time you showered and it’s kind of a miracle I survived. In consideration of that time, I think the season really challenged me to start asking some thoughtful questions that thematically disperse themselves throughout the entirety of my album. The writing of it started one day when I made a joke to my friend by saying I needed to take a vacation away, but the truth was I couldn’t afford one, all I could afford was my single notebook I had in my hands; just this small dollar-store find that I found at the bottom of the $1 bin. Since I couldn’t afford to take a vacation away, I remember telling them, I could afford to write away in this little book and that's when I started calling that taking a “Vacayvay” away (a “vacay” like “vacation” with a “vay!” like a “yay!”). I went missing for a good portion of that year just writing into a book I called a vacation. Regardless of how or why, my writing vacation never was to me just about writing into a notebook. To me it is a place, an inner-landscape and one of beauty where I can rest and be with music. It’s a space where I can be with the musical images I see and create sound-scapes I want to live in and hear in the world. I like spend my time there just making sounds and I’m looking forward to releasing more of those soon.
When did you first start writing songs? How has your songwriting evolved since you started?
I started sharing music and writing songs when I was a little girl singing silly jokes and riddles to myself that I made up to add simple joy and merriment to my surrounding's. I think I felt most connected and happy with people when I was able to sing to them or share music with them in some way, cause for me music was just like having a conversation with them. I started communicating through music very young, finding out early on that I could pick-up whatever was around me and make music with it, I loved music because it was always there, just under the surface of everything, and just naturally wrote it. I didn't grow up with a lot so I found early that in writing music I could express for free what others couldn’t buy for cost and I was eager to share that with others. It's been such a cool journey to come back to that musical part of me with this album and as far as my songwriting has evolved since, honestly, I think I’m still in a process and probably always will be.
Are you a heavy editor of your songs? What’s an example of your creative process?
When I create a song I like to first set up a list of rules and boundaries to critique the outcome of that song to myself, possibly with the intention to eventually translating my musical thoughts to others. My process of writing a song is just a lesson of self-introspection and experience. When I write, I'm just continually simplifying information to myself, sifting through all the notes to finally get to my song’s essential meaning. I try to make that easy for the listener to understand, and in the shortest amount of time I can. Creatively it’s important for me to ask what my limitations are with the piece I start, and I continually ask how can I exceed my expectations each time I reengage with what I’m doing; it's just the simple task of re-engaging with my question long enough to keep me actively interested.
Every time I start writing a piece of music I start by meditating on a question and take that question apart with the intention to piece the answer together as a melody, so my completed song is just the results of my inquiry into the subject matter that interested me the most. I think it's incredibly brave and challenging to write any kind of song really, because the dynamics of what you’re working with are so difficult, you're trying to work with such a concentrated amount of information in such a small amount of time to make this accessible to others, with most commercial plays giving you 3-5 minute timeline to share with your listener. Regardless, any way my songs are written, I think songwriting is just the simple act of reminding yourself of what is most meaningful in a round, and sometimes that can reveal what’s most important to others too, maybe even something we all can't live without, I think that's what gets sung out and about.
What inspires you about music in Kansas City?
Truly my friends inspire me most and not all of them are even musicians but they add to the music I write.
I think music in KC continues to be as awesome as it ever was, as cool as the people are, and I’m excited to take part in that creative energy. It’s been an honor to perform with some of the most deeply gifted musicians I’ve ever known, they are some of the kindest ones I’ve ever met, incredible powerhouses of talent that continue to be beacons of light and inspiration to me. I'm so thankful for them, and excited as our lives continue to be revealed to each other in new and expanding ways. I love that unfolding mystery.
Whitney's recommendations from the Johnson County Library catalog:
Upstream by Mary Olivier
Anything by Annie Dillard
Anything by Ink Spots
Anything by Johnathon Richman. "That Summer Feeling" has a special place in my <3
View from the Cheap Seats by Neil Gaiman
Living with a Wild God by Barbara Ehrenreich
Wise Blood by Flannery O'Connor
Ghosts of the Great Highway by Sun Kil Moon
On Perpetual Peace by Em Kant
The Cost of Living by Arundhati Roy
Spiegel Im Spiegel by Arvo Part
Anda Jaleo by Josephine Foster and the Victor Herreo Band
Virginies del Sol by Yma Sumac
*Any natural history, anatomy, or science illustration book, Space and or celestial mapping books I will love forever and from all time periods, as well as most BBC Classic Period Films and any Agatha Christie Mysteries. Brilliant!
Written by Bryan V.
Wednesday, November 29, 2017 - 9:17am Fun fact: I once met a guy who met Captain Beefheart.
accordion 1
ambient 2
ballet 1
bluegrass 1
chamber pop 2
children's music 3
choral 2
choreography 1
doo-wop 1
edm 1
electroacoustic 2
folk singer-songwriter 4
gamelan 1
garage rock 1
guitar 11
harp 1
hip-hop 23
indie pop 13
lute 1
New Music 6
orchestral 1
pop alternative electronic 2
prog rock 1
rap 12
rhythm and blues 4
scottish music 1
shoegaze 3
singer-songwriter 42
soundtrack music 2
soundtracks 2
world music 2
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Jose Mourinho fires back at Jurgen Klopp's latest comments over spending
This is inevitable, but no less fun.
José Mourinho would not have appreciated Jurgen Klopp sticking his oar in, back in July 2016, when Paul Pogba signed for Manchester United.
The French midfielder was signed from Juventus for £89.3m and Klopp mounted his high horse.
"If you bring one player in for £100m and he gets injured, then it all goes through the chimney," the Liverpool boss opined.
"The day that this is football, I'm not in a job anymore, because the game is about playing together... Other clubs can go out and spend more money and collect top players. I want to do it differently. I would even do it differently if I could spend that money."
In the space of 12 months, however, Klopp has spent £250m in revamping his squad. That includes splashing £75m on Virgil Van Dijk and £62.5m on goalkeeper Alisson Becker, although Barcelona will eventually pay the Merseysiders £142m if Philippe Coutinho hits all his performance targets at the Nou Camp.
Last weekend, as Liverpool kicked off their tour in the USA, Klopp was reminded of his comments on excessive spending. He did not shy away from those words, from two years ago, but argued that, in so many words, football has changed so much since then that £100m gets you a lot less.
"That’s the problem these days, you say something and whatever bullshit you say, nobody will forget it.
"I could not imagine that the world would change like that – two and a half years ago, £100 million was crazy money, since then the world obviously changed since then."
Mourinho was never likely to forget the barbs coming from Klopp and was quick to jump on them after his side's pre-season victory over AC Milan. The United boss told Manchester Evening News:
"I'm also happy to smile and to see that, you know, you can change your opinion and change as a person. Is funny. But that's okay.
"But maybe this season finally you demand that they win. You, I think, you have to be fair and now you have to demand and say the team with investments you are making with investments that you start making last season, not just this season, last season.
"That you made in January, that you make now, that will probably be the record of the Premier League this season, I don't see another team getting close to that level of investment, a team that was a finalist in the Champions League, you have to say you are a big candidate.
"You have to win."
You have to win. That's the message from Mourinho to his old rival.
United and Liverpool meet, on tour, this Saturday in what should be a fun clash. Expect the real fireworks to begin the month the Premier League kicks off.
Manchester United,
Jose Mourinho,
Jurgen Klopp.
An in-depth analysis of all the beef in the Man Utd preseason video
Sergej Milinkovic-Savic: the Spanish-born Serbian who could replace Paul Pogba
Frank Lampard will be the new yardstick against which Ole Gunnar Solskjaer is judged
Man Utd wanting to pay £90m for Harry Maguire is ridiculous
Ranking Manchester United's return to training in an extremely rational way
Manchester United need to recognise Paul Pogba for the player he really is
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« It’s All About Trust
No Stock Placed In Johnny’s Pro Day »
“We Kinda Of Start From There”
The Cowboys may have a “personal vendetta” against new Bucs veteran cornerback Mike Jenkins, but Lovie Smith has no such issues.
Joe asked Lovie about what Jenkins has to offer yesterday at the NFL Owners Meetings in Orlando, and Lovie explained his enthusiasm for the basics in Jenkins’ game.
“I watched Mike a little bit, you know, this past year and I remember when he came out of USF, his pro day and thought he had a lot of talent. I remember the All-Pro year that he has. What we’re looking for from defensive backs, you know, ball skills. I think he’s had six interceptions one year. I think he has all the skills, you know, excellent speed, quickness. He’ll tackle – with ball skills; we kind of start from there,” Lovie said.
“He was excited about coming back home. There’s something about coming back home and playing in front of the people that you grew up with, you know, that you owe an awful lot to. He’s excited about that. Gil Byrd, who coaches our cornerbacks, Gil has played the game at the highest level can’t wait to get his hands on Mike and it’ll be a good match.”
Joe’s not making excuses for the tail-off in Jenkins’ game after a Pro Bowl season in Dallas, but in addition to battling a major shoulder injury, it seems that Jenkins fell into the category of “needing a change of scenery.” He was solid in Oakland as a starter last year, but it’s a bit odd he wasn’t retained by the Raiders, given that they have loads of salary cap room and did not change regimes.
Clearly, Lovie, Byrd and Bucs defensive coordinator Leslie Frazier, a former NFL cornerback and secondary coach, believe they can resurrect greatness from Jenkins. That’s good enough for Joe. The Bucs needed more depth at the position, and Jenkins at least provides that.
18 Responses to ““We Kinda Of Start From There””
March 27th, 2014 at 8:13 am
Jenkins will be our 4th CO when the season is over with
3rd and 4th corners play a lot, when you have atlanta and new orleans, the bucs will need all the corners the bucs have
@ Joe
I thought you were going to try to sneak into Johnny Football”s Pro-day. please tell me you did not chicken out.
brandonbucfan Says:
MJ is still our third best corner and can’t see us drafting anyone early enough to beat him out. With only five picks and no 4th round a Cb would be late if not an UFA. I still believe our first three will be OL WR and QB. Not necessarily in that order.. But how about a trad down and pick up Zack Martin a QB at no.2 WR at 3 and CB at 4 (via the trade down)
Changes of scenery make a difference many times….look at Talib for evidence….lets hope Mike ends his career on a high note at home where he should be….as a Buccaneer!!!
ToesOnTheLine Says:
Seems like a solid pickup by Lovie-Licht at the price paid. CB depth has been very thin on the Bucs for the past few seasons
THETRUTH Says:
When is the last time we were 3 deep at corner, so thats a positive. I know the bucs were high on a few back-ups we had last year that they resigned.. never know maybe johnson skills will stand out in different scheme..
Jenkins was both wanted and wants to be here.
The scheme is even similar to what USF was running. We have coaches who are credible. He’s on a one year deal so a contract/career extension is in play. Little risk and high reward scenario.
Captain Stagger Says:
Don’t sleep on Melvin…..surprise pick to slide up the roster to #4.
Steve from Oregon Says:
If we can get pressure on qbs I think we will all be surprised by how good our corners look.
Joe Dunn Says:
I am sooo worried about that Dallas vendetta – – – that is gonna cost us a win or two !!!
Haaa
Bucsfanman Says:
We needed CB depth and he’s solid.
Buccaneer Bonzai Says:
“There’s something about coming back home and playing in front of the people that you grew up with”
It could be said as well that being home means he hangs out with a bad crowd from his past as well, IF there was one.
I know I would not want Talib to play in his home town.
Bucfan#37 Says:
I’m really happy with the addition of Jenkins to the Bucs. Hopefully Dallas will meet the Bucs in the playoffs, the Buc fans and Jenkins would get revenge.
I forgot to add that Jenkins redone right shoulder injury raises a bit of a red flag. I hope he has adequate healing and range of motion.
MR.T Says:
If they can get him back to near his pro bowl level of play this will be a great pickup, if not he at least he will provide depth and if he’s a bust, well it’s only a 1 yr. deal.
pick6 Says:
one year filler that they’re trying to talk up. they don’t want to be forced to push a rookie or maybe even leonard johnson into the limelight, but they probably won’t be too disappointed if somebody outplays him in training camp & preseason
owlykat Says:
Leonard Johnson is tough and plays with great heart, and showed the first time he began to start he soon had three interceptions–he is a playmaker and a half–and that is what excels in Tampa Two. His one disability is he is no faster than Rhonde Barber. So how did Rhonde Barber do Buc’s Fans in the Tampa Two? Yes, Leonard will impress in this different scheme, but he should not be covering a fast slot receiver, because he will get burned by that speed. Our Coaches will see his talent and where to use him. You watch, he will make this team, and I still believe he is better than our 2nd round draft choice who is not as good a tackler or as good a playmaker as Leonard and they both have the same speed. Mike Jenkins should be the starter opposite Verner, and when they need a nickel corner, bring Leonard in to play Jenkins’ spot and let Jenkins with his experience and speed play the nickel role. That is putting your best three CBs on the field together. We are going to be really good on defense this year just as soon as everyone learns the new defense well and does not have to think about it anymore. I also believe the Tampa Two as Lovie will use it will have wrinkles that make it much more effective than the Tampa Two Dallas played last year without the proper players for that system. That is why Licht was so important this year to us.
March 27th, 2014 at 10:03 pm
Jenkins is a great pickup and will make a good 3rd corner or much needed depth.
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(-) Long-term conditions
(-) Better Care Fund
The NHS long-term plan: five things you need to know
The NHS long-term plan has been launched and long it indeed is, in every sense of the word, clocking in at a weighty 120 pages. Here’s my take on the top five things you need to know.
The pivot: changing our relationship with the health system
The nature of the health challenges we face today mean it is no longer appropriate to continue with our existing systems. We have to step outside the institutions and start in homes, communities and work places where health is created, says Hilary Cottam.
By Hilary Cottam - 23 November 2018
How does the NHS work? A never-ending story
Our new six-and-a half-minute animation explains how the NHS works. Katie Mantell looks at how and why we produced it.
By Katie Mantell - 19 October 2017
Allocating social care funds: difficult decisions ahead
The extra £2 billion for adult social care announced in the Spring Budget will be gratefully received, but local councils now face tough choices about where to allocate the money. Richard Humphries considers the context.
By Richard Humphries - 5 April 2017
What now for social care?
Widespread dismay greeted the omission of any reference in the 2016 Autumn Statement to the perilous state of social care funding. Richard Humphries looks at the options available.
By Richard Humphries - 11 December 2016
Two years on from the Forward View, is there hope for sustainability and transformation in the NHS?
Tom Buckley considers key policy changes in the two years since the publication of the NHS five year forward view, looking at the progress made and the challenges that lie ahead.
By Tom Buckley - 27 October 2016
Marginal gains secured by new care models offer a glimpse of the future
Chris Ham reflects on our work with vanguard sites in the new care models programme, in partnership with NHS England and other national bodies, to improve and transform care.
NHS vanguards – one year on
A year on from the identification of 29 vanguard sites for the NHS's new care models programme, Chris Ham reflects on the progress so far.
By Professor Sir Chris Ham - 11 March 2016
Living with a long-term condition: the importance of psychological support
In a guest blog to coincide with the launch of our report on integrating physical and mental health care, Tessa Jelen writes about the importance of information and support, for both physical and mental wellbeing, for people diagnosed with a long-term condition.
By Tessa Jelen - 9 March 2016
A social movement for health? It’s already here – it’s called volunteering
David Buck looks at what data from the British Social Attitudes survey tells us about the diversity and scale of volunteering in health and care services.
By David Buck - 17 February 2016
Simon Stevens' vision for the NHS: welcome but challenging to deliver
In his keynote address at our annual integrated care summit, Simon Stevens gave what was arguably his most important speech since he took up post. His speech contained three big messages.
Increased demand for care won't be addressed by doing more of the same
With the first anniversary of the NHS five year forward view approaching rapidly, how are new care models developing, and what are the prospects for the future?
By Professor Sir Chris Ham - 1 October 2015
Is surplus NHS estate the answer to funding transformation?
Both The King’s Fund and the Health Foundation have called for a properly resourced 'transformation fund' to support the kind of large-scale change outlined in the NHS five year forward view. But how big would such a fund need to be and how would it be resourced?
By Lillie Wenzel - 1 May 2015
Implementing the NHS five year forward view: let’s not forget engaging patients and communities
‘Implementing the Forward View’ is often synonymous with ‘establishing multispecialty community providers and primary and acute care systems’. But this risks leaving behind the more radical chapter of the Forward View – chapter two, on engaging patients and communities.
Health and social care debate heating up in run-up to election 2015
As debate on the future of the NHS rises up the agenda ahead of the general election in May, the government can take comfort from our report on the British Social Attitudes Survey 2014, which shows public satisfaction with the NHS at its second highest level since the survey began.
By Professor Sir Chris Ham - 29 January 2015
Three challenges and a big uncertainty for the NHS in 2015
The NHS faces three major challenges in 2015: preparing for the spending review, achieving much closer integration of health and social care, and ensuring that the NHS has the leadership in place to deliver the highest possible standards of care within available resources.
By Professor Sir Chris Ham - 1 January 2015
The case for change is clear; a system that listens to patients and enables them to achieve what they want to achieve in their health and wellbeing would improve outcomes and save money. But such systems still exist only in pockets around the country.
By Catherine Foot - 20 November 2014
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(-) Patient leadership
Patients as partners: Building collaborative relationships among professionals, patients, carers and communities
Our guide explores practical ways to develop collaborative relationships among health and care professionals, patients, carers and community partners.
By Becky Seale - 4 July 2016
Health and wellbeing boards (HWBs) explained
What are health and wellbeing boards (HWBs) and what role could they play in developments such as integrated commissioning and place-based systems of care?
Building collaborative partnerships with patients and communities
Mark Doughty discusses progress made by The King's Fund's Leading collaboratively with patients and communities programme.
By Mark Doughty - 24 February 2016
Options for integrated commissioning Beyond Barker
With support for health and social care to have a single ring-fenced budget and a single local commissioner growing, this report looks at the options available for integrated commissioning.
By Richard Humphries et al - 9 June 2015
How will health and wellbeing boards fare?
The 65-year-old relationship between the NHS and local government bears testimony to numerous attempts to co-ordinate the work of these two enormous public service silos. Will the new health and wellbeing boards fare any better?
By Richard Humphries - 21 November 2013
Health and wellbeing boards: One year on
This report examines how health and wellbeing boards have used their shadow year, what they have achieved, and whether they are providing effective leadership across local systems of care.
By Richard Humphries et al - 31 October 2013
Housing alongside health and care
With this year’s party conferences concluded, none of the political parties have yet committed to a strategic vision for the issues facing the future of health and social care, says Richard Humphries.
By Richard Humphries - 16 October 2013
Patient-centred leadership: Rediscovering our purpose
This report summarises the main findings of the Francis Inquiry into the failings of care at Mid Staffordshire in relation to NHS leadership and culture. It sets out what needs to be done to avoid similar failures in future.
Health and wellbeing boards: policy and prospects
This article aims to examine the role of health and wellbeing boards in the context of the government's reforms introduced by the Health and Social Act 2012 and the fundamental challenges facing the NHS and local government; it also aims to assess evidence from the early experience of shadow boards and considers what factors will most influence their success.
By Richard Humphries - 24 February 2013
Joint health and wellbeing strategy guide
The King's Fund has contributed to a series of products for health and wellbeing boards, including a strategy guide, self assessment toolkit and briefings.
By Richard Humphries et al - 1 August 2012
Health and wellbeing boards: System leaders or talking shops?
Will health and wellbeing boards be able to achieve greater success than previous bodies? This paper assesses the ways in which local authorities have begun to develop new arrangements with their partners.
By Richard Humphries et al - 12 April 2012
Health and wellbeing boards will be more than talking shops
Will health and wellbeing boards be wordy talking shops or transforming system leaders? Richard Humphries explores this in an article for Local Government Chronicle.
By Richard Humphries - 12 April 2012
Championing health and wellbeing
Among the many hotly debated measures set out in the Health and Social Care Act one initiative remains uncontroversial: health and wellbeing boards.
By Richard Humphries - 1 February 2012
Building Bridges for Health: Exploring the potential for advocacy in London
This report makes the case for supporting and developing health advocacy in London to promote health and tackle inequality and recommends ways forward.
By Baljinder Heer - 1 December 2004
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(-) Sustainability and transformation plans
Quality improvement in mental health
Quality improvement has a role to play in improving the quality of care in mental health services. Our report looks at what organisations need to do to implement a quality improvement approach effectively and the benefits this can bring.
By Shilpa Ross et al - 20 July 2017
Delivering sustainability and transformation plans: from ambitious proposals to credible plans
STPs offer the best hope for the NHS and its partners to sustain services and transform the delivery of health and care, but how will STP footprints transform their plans into reality? Our report identifies the challenges that lie ahead.
By Professor Sir Chris Ham et al - 21 February 2017
Commissioned report
Outcomes for mental health services: what really matters?
An independent commissioned report, Outcomes for mental health services, considers the difficulties in measuring outcomes in mental health services, and calls for consensus between health care professionals and service users on what outcomes actually matter.
By Ben Collins - 27 March 2019
Amending the 2012 Act: can it be done?
The Health and Social Care Act 2012 is widely seen as dysfunctional, getting in the way of the more integrated care it actually seeks to achieve. As the Prime Minister has once again opened the door to changes, this piece identifies some of the current problems and implications of change, and asks how far progress could be made within the existing legislation.
By Nicholas Timmins - 25 October 2018
Sustainability and transformation partnerships in London: An independent review
Our report, commissioned by the Mayor of London, reviews the progress made over the past year by London's five sustainability and transformation partnerships (STPs).
By Matthew Kershaw et al - 16 October 2018
Housing and health: opportunities for sustainability and transformation partnerships
This short report, supported by the National Housing Federation, sets out areas where sustainability and transformation partnerships and emerging integrated care systems can make more of the contribution of the housing sector to improving health.
By David Buck et al - 22 March 2018
The King’s Fund response to the Mayor of London’s draft health inequalities strategy
We find that the draft strategy is a good start, but we believe as it is finalised its commitments need to be more tightly focused on inequality reduction than they currently are.
Talking leadership: transforming mental health services
Mandip Randhawa writes about the challenges of transforming mental health services for children and young people.
By Mandip Randhawa - 29 November 2017
Sustainability and transformation plans in London: an independent analysis of the October 2016 STPs (completed in March 2017)
Sustainability and transformation plans (STPs) are key to the future of health and care services. This report, commissioned by the Mayor of London and based on work completed in March 2017, looks at the five STPs in London, their contents and common themes.
By Professor Sir Chris Ham et al - 12 September 2017
Yet more performance ratings for the NHS: new STP ratings are narrowly focused and centrally driven
In July NHS England published its first 'progress dashboard' for the 44 new sustainability and transformation partnerships, but these new ratings are narrowly focused and centrally driven, say Hugh Alderwick and Veena Raleigh.
By Hugh Alderwick et al - 10 August 2017
Briefing: House of Commons debate on the address: health, social care and security
Ahead of debates on the address on Wednesday 28 June in the House of Commons and Thursday 29 June in the House of Lords, The King's Fund has produced this written briefing on the key issues for health and social care in the new parliament.
The general election, the NHS, and social care: a less damaging deal on Brexit and more funding may result
The outcome of the general election will mean more of the same for the NHS and social care in the short term, and huge uncertainty on two fronts in the medium term, says Chris Ham.
Is there ‘parity of esteem’ between mental and physical health? big election questions
Ahead of the general election, we consider whether there is parity of esteem between mental and physical health.
By Chris Naylor - 19 May 2017
Mental health and new models of care: lessons from the vanguards
This report argues that new care models and vanguards need to make more of opportunities to improve care through integrated approaches to mental health.
By Chris Naylor et al - 18 May 2017
Nine principles for success: integrating mental health in new models of care
We identify nine key principles for successful integration of mental health in new models of care.
What are STPs and why do they matter? big election questions
Ahead of the general election, we consider what sustainability and transformation plans are and why they matter.
By Professor Sir Chris Ham - 16 May 2017
Online support: investigating the role of public online forums in mental health
This report explores whether machine learning can help find wider meaning in millions of unstructured online conversations about mental health.
By David Buck et al - 13 April 2017
Talking leadership: Marcus Powell on our seventh annual leadership and management summit
Fifteen months on from joining The King’s Fund, Marcus Powell, Director of Leadership and Organisational Development, reflects on the challenges facing leaders across health and care.
Sustainability and transformation plans for the NHS in England: what do they say and what happens next?
Plans for the future of health and care services in England hold promise but need time, investment, and a dose of realism, say Hugh Alderwick and Chris Ham.
By Hugh Alderwick et al - 28 March 2017
Sustainability and transformation plans (STPs) explained
STPs outline how health and care services will work in partnership across 44 areas of England. But what are STPs and what do they mean for the NHS?
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(-) NHS finances
Brexit: the implications for health and social care
Brexit has major implications for health and social care in England. Here we look at some of the latest developments that could impact the health and care system in England.
By Beccy Baird et al - 22 February 2019
A funding boost for the NHS in England
Now the government must decide how to fund social care, says Chris Ham.
How is the NHS performing? March 2018 quarterly monitoring report
We find that more patients are facing long waits for hospital treatment, with many of those experiencing the longest waits often most in need. And with demand for services continuing to rise it's very unlikely that meeting waiting time targets will become more achievable.
By Richard Murray et al - 8 March 2018
How is the NHS performing? July 2019 quarterly monitoring report
This is the 28th QMR, which takes stock of what has happened over the past few months with NHS financial and operational performance in England.
By Siva Anandaciva et al - 9 July 2019
Budget 2018: what it means for health and social care
In this joint piece with the Health Foundation and Nuffield Trust, we analyse what was announced in the 2018 Budget and what it means for health and social care.
How is the NHS performing? June 2018 quarterly monitoring report
Although we have technically moved out of winter, the latest performance data paints a picture of continuing pressure on NHS staff and services. While A&E departments understandably received much of the focus over the winter months, a quieter decline continues in waiting times for planned (elective) care.
By Siva Anandaciva et al - 10 July 2018
The NHS at 70: Does the NHS need more money and how could we pay for it?
The UK government spends £150 billion every year on health – more than twice what we spent less than 20 years ago at the start of the 2000s. But might the NHS still require more funding, and if it does how could we find more money?
By George Stoye - 26 June 2018
An open letter: a long-term funding settlement for the NHS
An open letter to the Prime Minister from The King's Fund, The Nuffield Trust and The Health Foundation about a long-term funding settlement for the NHS.
By Professor Sir Chris Ham et al - 6 June 2018
Hypothecated funding for health and social care: how might it work?
Hypothecated funding for health and social care is back on the political agenda. This paper sets out the problems hypothecation is meant to solve – and the conditions under which it might do so – and provides a brief history of hypothecation in the UK.
By Richard Murray - 29 May 2018
Spending on and availability of health care resources: how does the UK compare to other countries?
The recent announcement by the Prime Minister to bring forward a new long-term funding settlement for the NHS means it is timely to look at how health spending in the UK compares to other countries and how the NHS measures up on some of the key resources this spending pays for.
By Deborah Ward et al - 5 May 2018
Cross-party approach to the NHS and social care
When MPs from different parties come together to argue for more funding for the NHS and social care then it's time to sit up and take notice, says Chris Ham.
By Professor Sir Chris Ham - 2 May 2018
The rising cost of medicines to the NHS: what’s the story?
In the face of rising costs, the NHS is grappling with how to provide access to medicines in an affordable way. Our new briefing explores the NHS’s approach to managing its spending on medicines and choices that policy-makers are likely to face in future.
By Leo Ewbank et al - 26 April 2018
Does the public see tax rises as the answer to NHS funding pressures?
We have analysed the latest data from the British Social Attitudes survey on public attitudes to NHS funding and the quality of care provided by the NHS.
By Harry Evans - 12 April 2018
NHS England throws down challenge to government
The NHS may have to restrict what it provides with its budget, says Chris Ham.
By Professor Sir Chris Ham - 11 December 2017
Autumn Budget 2017: what it means for health and social care
As the dust begins to settle after the Autumn Budget, we reconvene with the Nuffield Trust and The Health Foundation to look at what was announced and what it really means for health and social care.
NHS myth-busters
The debate about how to fund the NHS is never far from the headlines. Here we examine some of the claims made.
By Siva Anandaciva - 20 November 2017
Does the NHS need more money?
In recent years, spending on the NHS has been protected while other budgets have been subject to significant cuts. Despite this, health services are facing unprecedented financial and operational pressures. Does the NHS need more money?
Simon Stevens speaks out over NHS funding
Chris Ham looks at Simon Stevens' unprecedented public intervention on NHS funding and what might happen next.
The Autumn Budget: joint statement on health and social care
Nuffield Trust, the Health Foundation and The King’s Fund are urging the government to address the critical state of health and social care in its forthcoming Autumn Budget.
How is the NHS performing? November 2017: Quarterly Monitoring Report
Performance against a number of key indicators is worse than at this time last year, and finances remain precarious despite an emergency funding injection.
By Siva Anandaciva et al - 3 November 2017
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Desert Fury
Country: U.S.
Genres: Film Noir, Crime, Romance
Kristine Miller
William Harrigan
James Flavin
Jane Novak
Lewis Allen (A Bullet for Joey, The Uninvited) directed this classic film noir in Technicolor, starring Lizabeth Scott (Pitfall), Burt Lancaster (I Walk Alone), John Hodiak (Lifeboat), Mary Astor (The Maltese Falcon) and Wendell Corey (Harriet Craig). Eddie Bendix (Hodiak) and his henchman, Johnny Ryan (Corey), two gangsters in the gambling trade, return to a small desert town outside of Reno. Years ago, Eddie had left town under suspicion of murdering his wife and after running into some trouble in Las Vegas, Eddie now hopes to get involved with the local gambling house whose proprietor is his ex-flame Fritzi Haller (Astor). To complicate matters, Eddie falls for Fritzi’s daughter (Scott), who used to be involved with the local lawman Tom Hanson (Lancaster), who’s still in love with her. Desert Fury was adapted for the screen by filmmaker Robert Rossen (The Strange Love of Martha Ivers) from the far racier and more explicit novel by Ramona Stewart (The Possession of Joel Delaney).
Interested in bringing Desert Fury to your school or library? If you'd like to have an in-class viewing, on-campus screening, or purchase the DVD for your library's collection, please contact Estelle Grosso at EDU@kinolorber.com or call (212) 629-6880 with your request.
Desert Fury may also be available with Public Performance Rights (PPR) and Digital Site Licensing (DSL) for colleges and universities. To purchase the DVD with PPR or DSL, please contact Estelle Grosso at EDU@kinolorber.com or call (212) 629-6880. Click here to learn more at Kino Lorber Edu.
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A Contour State of Mind
Wake up... or die!
Vaz Klatch is asleep, and he knows he's asleep because in his dream, his doctor has told him that unless he wakes up he will die. Vaz has contracted an evolved, second-stage terminal virus through a government-imposed programme to punish statutory sex offenders. In the doctor's waiting room, Vaz meets a girl named Klixxx, who suffers from the same virus, only in reverse. Vaz has twelve hours to locate two white pills in order to wake up, but Klixxx has an alternate solution: one which involves keeping Vaz asleep and to herself - however, neither of them have counted on Si'ann, Klixx's boyfriend, getting in the way. But in a state between awake and asleep, do events play out the way they're supposed to in reality? Or can Vaz find a way to wake up and end the nightmare. Vaz had better pray that this is just a dream, or else he'll die: the consequences of staying alive inside his dream are devastating - that is, if he can't manage to kill himself beforehand and WAKE UP....
Companies involved in this production
AMR Entertainment
Members of mandy who have been involved in A Contour State of Mind
Farhan Khan · Boss
AMR Productions
Ike Khan · Dr Shoxxx
Luke Patton
Producer/Direc...
Bryce Gubler
Director (Self...
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PVC Liner - Delta Landfill Fire Case Study
DELTA LANDFILL FIRE CASE STUDY Submitted by: Scott Payne Technical Sales Representative
In November of 1999 a fire started at the Delta Shake and Shingle site in Delta. A state of emergency was declared in Delta to help the firefighters battle the underground blaze at the landfill. A state of emergency provided the firefighters access to property and equipment and potentially funding to battle the fire. This case study examines how PVC was used in sand pad to contain the fire when conventional attempts to douse the flames were unsuccessful.
The Delta Landfill is located beside the Fraser River. The site is a dump for demolition materials, such as wood and asphalt shakes, resulting in an environmentally hazardous smoke. At the peak of the fire it covered an area more than a hectare and burned 20 meters deep. The entire operation took over six months at a cost of four million dollars.
Design Considerations:
Since a state of emergency had been declared time was critical on this project. Conventional attempts to douse the flames were unsuccessful. The water sprayed on top of the burning landfill would just vaporize. Water that did not instantly turn into steam ran off the site carrying contaminate with it. Firefighters would set up catchments to catch the water and treat it. They were gathering about 1800 liters of contaminated water per minute. The futility of fighting the blaze with water hoses led the Delta Fire Department to the conclusion that the only way to safely put out the blaze was to dig up the burning embers, truck them away to another site and spread them over the property and extinguished them before returning them to site.
Geosynthetic Solution:
Since traditional attempts to put out the fire were not working, other methods were explored. Sperling Hansen engineers were hired to design a sand pad where the burning embers would be extinguished.
Two sand pads were constructed adjacent to the landfill on reclaimed land due to the state of emergency regulations. The sand pads were constructed with a 300mm compacted sand base, 30 mil Layfield Plastic Polyvinyl Chloride 30 mil liner and 600 mil compacted sand cover. Each pad was approximately 12,000 m2 in size. After looking at different lining options, Sperling Hansen chose PVC for the leachate collection. Polyvinyl Chloride was selected because it can be fabricated into large sized panels (up to 2,800 m2 in a 4,000 pound panel) under controlled conditions. Having the liners prefabricated by LP reduced the installation time required on site. Once on site the liner can be deployed and unfolded quickly.
Thirteen panels were required for the two sand pads:
9 panels – 42.7 x 42.7 m
1 panel – 30.5 m x 61 m
2 panels – 59.4 m x 42.7 m
1 panel – 27.4 m x 85.3 m
The PVC geomembrane panels were prefabricated in our Bellingham manufacturing plant. The material factory welds were tested for shear and peel strength (one test is performed every 5th seam) and wrapped in UV stable packaging.
Because the fire was declared a state of emergency timing was critical on this project. Sperling Hansen contacted Layfield Plastics on Friday, November 26, 1999 about the situation. We determined PVC would be the best material and that we would be on site the next day Saturday, November 27, 1999 with a crew to install the first section of the pad, which was 2 panels 59.4 m x 42.2 m and one panel 27.4 m x 85.3. The panels were unrolled and pulled into place using the general contractors (JJM) labour force.
The entire field welding of the PVC is done by hot wedge welding technology. Field Wedge welding of PVC is faster on large installations and gives a stronger seam. All repair work and secondary seaming is done with a chemical called Tetrahydrofuran. It is a solvent that works well on PVC materials.
Fire could have been contained if the operators of the site had adequately compacted the demolition debris within the landfill. The owners of the landfill did not and that failure allowed air pockets to become trapped underground and continue to feed the fire compounding efforts to put it out. Ministry standards require cells to have an intermediate cover of soil or sand that would limit the spread of fire. The sand layer stops the fire from migrating into other areas. Since this method was not in place, a disaster took place. Layfield Plastics fast turn around with the PVC material and its twenty-year history of experience in intallations led to a solution to put out the fire.
"You did a thorough and professional presentation - Layfield has great products!" Brian, Civil Engineering and Planning Consulting Firm
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Showing 9 articles for
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Cannabis advocates won a significant victory Wednesday in their efforts to jumpstart Louisiana's medical marijuana program.
The Medical Minute: Neurodegeneration, Focus, and the Snowballing Recognition of Cannabis’ Benefits
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The Medical Minute: Cognition, Crime, and Multiple Sclerosis
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Bailey Rahn ‐ March 31, 2014
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Home > Nintendo NES > NES Games
Deadly Towers
Cartridge Only
Deadly Towers original NES Nintendo Game cartridge only - Cleaned Tested and Guaranteed to Work!
NES_DEADLY_TOWERS
Always liked this game as a kid, even though I was bad at it. Read a walk through online while waiting for it to arrive. Beat the game in about ten hours. Can now beat it in a couple of hours.
Reviewed by: (Verified Buyer) jason roberts from NY on 3/10/2018
Game works great
Reviewed by: (Verified Buyer) Nick Lovell from Cheyenne on 3/25/2017
You will pull your hair out
I played this game back when I was a teenager when it first came out. One of the more challenging games, not just because of the game play and enemies but the music will get to you, there is no map, I had to create my own. Game starts back at the beginning every time you die, even with the save codes they give you and the dungeons are one big freakin maze so creating a map is a good idea. Finally when you think you've burned all seven bells and you think it's over it's NOT, there are seven more freakin things you have to burn. Good luck if you buy this and remember to burn the game when your done. Even though there is a lot about the game that can annoy you, being able to beat it and separate yourself from the casuals, you know they are pulling their hair out, kind of gives you a warm fuzzy. Go ahead, drink some of their tears. This game is a right of passage and if you can beat it, you can call yourself a hardcore gamer.
Reviewed by: Nojahele from KY on 4/8/2016
Kinda Worth It!
I too watched the AVGN episode for this game. As with most of his reviews, I always think, "honestly, it can't be that bad, can it?" My boyfriend wanted this game for Christmas so I got it for him along with a few other titles and I have to admit, I've played it more than he has! Yes, it is hard to figure out where to go or how to get out of those rooms that start with the numerous balls stacked up on top of each other, but keep in mind, it was the first of its kind and was a big seller back in the day. I'll eventually buy my own copy but for now, I think he keeps leaving the one I bought him at my place on purpose!
Reviewed by: (Verified Buyer) Asheigh Loker from Sydney, Ausralia on 1/2/2015
Just watch the AVGN Deadly Toer episode and you'll see why a gave this a 1/5
I haven'y played this game and I don't plan on ever playing this.
Reviewed by: B-Dog Worth from NJ on 8/6/2012
Deadly Towers Review
This is an action/rpg game made by irem. The game's graphics, story, and premise seem good, but the gameplay is horrible. It's impossible to figure out where to go, what to do, or even where you are! This is easily one of the worst games available on the system... As a collector though, the low price makes it worth owning.
Reviewed by: Steven Dupuis from NH on 10/19/2011
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The Buyline
Home run: Majestic's sale to Fanatics will keep MLB uniform, fanwear production in Palmer
By Jon Harris
| Of The Morning Call |
Apr 04, 2017 | 11:01 PM
| PALMER TOWNSHIP
VF Corp. on Tuesday announced it has entered into an agreement to sell its Licensed Sports Group business, which includes the Majestic brand, to Fanatics.
For a year, the 600 workers of Majestic in Palmer Township waited nervously on deck for the answer to one question from parent company VF Corp.: Will production of major league baseball uniforms continue at the plant?
The employees got their answer at 9 a.m. Tuesday, when they were told sports merchandise company Fanatics had signed an agreement to buy Majestic in a grand slam of a deal that will keep production of MLB uniforms and fanwear at the facility well beyond the 2019 season.
The Newlins Mill Road plant soon erupted with jubilation in the form of hugs, gasps of relief and even some tears.
"It was a big relief off our shoulders," said Jeri Smith, a 15-year union employee of Majestic. "We didn't know what was happening until today."
Later in the day, the workers gathered again in the plant — this time to hear from, as Majestic President Mike Pardini put it, some "big-time folks" who helped broker the deal. Among them were MLB Commissioner Rob Manfred, Fanatics owner and Executive Chairman Michael Rubin, Pennsylvania Attorney General Josh Shapiro and Gov. Tom Wolf.
"Our fans and our players have a unique bond with the uniforms that they wear," Manfred told the employees. "And, in fact, our uniforms stir emotions among people. Because you cater to that emotion with the quality work you do each and every day, you are, and shall remain, a part of the baseball family."
But it wasn't long ago when things were uncertain at the plant.
VF Majestic union throws MLB, Under Armour some chin music
In December, MLB ended almost two months of speculation and officially announced Under Armour as its new uniform provider starting in 2020. While Majestic is the current uniform and fanwear provider for MLB, those licenses expire Dec. 31, 2019.
In the new 10-year partnership, Under Armour will be the exclusive provider of all on-field MLB uniform components, including jerseys, base layers, game-day outerwear and year-round training apparel. Fanatics, meanwhile, will manage the manufacturing and distribution of Under Armour and Fanatics fan gear, which includes retail jerseys, name-and-number products and postseason apparel.
Manfred said on CNBC on Dec. 7 the league still wanted to save the jobs of the Palmer employees. So did the Major League Baseball Players Association headed by Executive Director Tony Clark, who Manfred said recently made a visit to the plant to show his support.
WATCH: Reaction to Majestic losing MLB deal to Under Armour
In addition, the union representing about 500 of the Majestic workers in Palmer held a rally March 9 in Philadelphia, throwing MLB and Under Armour some chin music in their efforts to ensure on-field uniforms and fanwear production continued in the Lehigh Valley.
All of this led to the announcement Tuesday, when VF announced it entered a definitive agreement to sell its Licensed Sports Group business, which includes Majestic, to Fanatics. The deal, expected to close in the second quarter of this year, comes about a year after VF said it was exploring "strategic alternatives" for its Licensed Sports Group business, which is when the Majestic workers' anxiety began.
Once the deal closes, Rubin described Majestic as a "permanent part" of Fanatics' future.
"I couldn't be any more excited to have Majestic help Fanatics to be an even bigger and more successful company," Rubin said.
Could Under Armour, Majestic deal shift MLB uniform manufacturing overseas?
Fanatics is growing, according to Rubin. Just in the past few years, he said, the company, co-headquartered in Jacksonville, Fla., and San Mateo, Calif., has grown from an approximately $400 million business to one that hit $1.4 billion in revenue last year.
For that reason, Rubin said, there's a "very good possibility" the Palmer facility could get more work moving forward.
"We're very focused on how do we grow and innovate the business and, certainly, we look at this organization, with 600 team members here, as a way to help us to grow the business," he said. "So we expect to keep everybody very busy."
While Under Armour officials did not attend the news conference Tuesday, Under Armour spokeswoman Diane Pelkey confirmed the company plans to use the Palmer facility for on-field uniform production in 2020 and beyond.
[More Business] Lehigh Valley lighting company Lutron Electronics names new co-presidents; no local changes planned »
"The men and women of Easton will continue to play a major role in building Under Armour's MLB team apparel business," Under Armour said in a statement issued Tuesday morning. "Under Armour is both committed to and proud of the tradition of manufacturing MLB on-field uniforms in the United States."
That's a move that makes sense, according to Matt Powell, a sports industry analyst for NPD Group in New York.
"So much of the licensed apparel business is really based around quick reaction to player trades — a player gets hot; a player retires — and so having production locally really allows a brand to maximize those opportunities," he said.
Or, as Majestic employee Sam Patti put it: "As my grandma would say, 'If it ain't broke, don't fix it.'"
[More Business] Small Business Profile: The quiet Lehigh Valley company that has been essential to making flooring, hospital wear and chocolate for 50 years »
For Majestic, the largest remaining apparel manufacturer in the Lehigh Valley's shriveled garment industry, the company continues its involvement with MLB that began in 1982. That's when it pioneered the batting practice jersey, a baseball shirt worn only for pregame warmups.
In August 2003, the company won a five-year contract, starting in 2005, as the exclusive supplier of uniforms, jackets, T-shirts, fleece and turtlenecks to all 30 big-league teams. At the time of the announcement, Majestic made official jerseys for 15 MLB teams, while Russell Corp. handled the remaining 15 clubs.
"Our members have been sewing these uniforms and making the licensed apparel for a long time there," said Jocelyn Lunney, associate manager of Pennsylvania Joint Board of Workers United. "They have a high level of skill, and I think they're going to do a great job and Under Armour and Fanatics will be happy with their work."
Those heavy hitters who visited the plant Tuesday got a chance to see that work up close after the news conference. That's when the Majestic workers quickly went back to work, sewing and stitching jerseys and some stopping Manfred, Rubin and others to say thanks and shake their hands.
[More Business] Interstate 78 eastbound lanes reopened in Hunterdon County after serious crash »
The union and the workers had scheduled another rally in Philadelphia on Saturday, where they planned to again call on MLB, Under Armour and Fanatics to step up to the plate.
But after Tuesday's announcement, the workers said Saturday will now be a celebration — their version of rounding the bases.
jon.harris@mcall.com
Twitter @ByJonHarris
[More Business] John Schwind has joined Keenan-Nagle Advertising, Inc. as media services and analytics manager and other new hires, promotions and awards »
Get the inside scoop on the Lehigh Valley's business scene on The Business Cycle, themorningcall.com/business
Like on Facebook: facebook.com/LVBizCycle
Follow on Twitter: @LVBizCycle
Profile: Fanatics Inc.
Leader: Michael Rubin, owner and executive chairman
Headquarters: Jacksonville, Fla., and San Mateo, Calif.
Business: Fanatics operates more than 300 online and offline stores, including the e-commerce business for all major professional sports leagues, major media brands and more than 200 collegiate and professional team properties.
Source: Fanatics
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Determination of the Three-Dimensional Rate of Cancer Cell Rotation in an Optically-Induced Electrokinetics Chip Using an Optical Flow Algorithm
Characterization of 3D-Printed Moulds for Soft Lithography of Millifluidic Devices
MDPI — Micromachines
Micromachines
Zeng, L.
Zhang, H.
non-ferrous wear debris
micro inductive sensor
equivalent resistance method
Lin Zeng
Hongpeng Zhang
Qiang Wang
Xingming Zhang
Open Access This article is
freely available
re-usable
Micromachines 2018, 9(3), 117; https://doi.org/10.3390/mi9030117
Monitoring of Non-Ferrous Wear Debris in Hydraulic Oil by Detecting the Equivalent Resistance of Inductive Sensors
Lin Zeng 1, Hongpeng Zhang 1,*, Qiang Wang 2 and Xingming Zhang 3
Marine Engineering College, Dalian Maritime University, Dalian 116026, China
Shanghai Salvage Ministry of Transport, Shanghai 200000, China
School of Naval Architecture and Ocean Engineering, Harbin Institute of Technology, Weihai 264209, China
Received: 29 December 2017 / Accepted: 5 March 2018 / Published: 8 March 2018
Wear debris in hydraulic oil contains important information on the operation of equipment, which is important for condition monitoring and fault diagnosis in mechanical equipment. A micro inductive sensor based on the inductive coulter principle is presented in this work. It consists of a straight micro-channel and a 3-D solenoid coil wound on the micro-channel. Instead of detecting the inductance change of the inductive sensor, the equivalent resistance change of the inductive sensor is detected for non-ferrous particle (copper particle) monitoring. The simulation results show that the resistance change rate caused by the presence of copper particles is greater than the inductance change rate. Copper particles with sizes ranging from 48 μm to 150 μm were used in the experiment, and the experimental results are in good agreement with the simulation results. By detecting the inductive change of the micro inductive sensor, the detection limit of the copper particles only reaches 70 μm. However, the detection limit can be improved to 48 μm by detecting the equivalent resistance of the inductive sensor. The equivalent resistance method was demonstrated to have a higher detection accuracy than conventional inductive detection methods for non-ferrous particle detection in hydraulic oil.
non-ferrous wear debris; micro inductive sensor; hydraulic oil; equivalent resistance method
Hydraulic machinery is widely used in civil and military industries. As the blood of the hydraulic system, hydraulic oil not only has the effect of transmitting energy, but can also reduce friction between components and reduce the system temperature. Wear debris in hydraulic oil contains important information on the operation of the equipment, which is important for condition monitoring and fault diagnosis in mechanical equipment [1]. The detection of hydraulic oil can avoid the possibility of catastrophic component failure during operation [2]. Wear debris is one of the main causes of hydraulic mechanical failure [3,4]. During normal machine operations, the concentration of wear debris in the hydraulic oil remains the same and the particle size is small, typically in the range of 10–20 µm. When abnormal wear occurs, the debris concentration gradually increases, and the size of the debris particles increases to as large as 50–100 µm [5,6]. Statistics show that more than 80 percent of catastrophic failures are caused by particle contamination in the hydraulic oil [7]. Among these particles, 75 percent are metallic, which cause almost all failures [8,9]. The wear debris in the oil is an important information carrier for machinery wear. Wear debris, especially non-ferrous wear debris, indicates the key component of being worn. Many components in hydraulic systems contain non-ferrous metallic material, such as the copper slippers in hydraulic axial piston pumps, white metal linings, tin base white metal linings and the leading white metal linings, which include varieties of non-ferrous metal material. The wear debris will be oxidized if the particles remain in the oil for a long time, which will cause serious damage to the equipment. However, in the early stages of wear, most of the particles still have metallic properties [10]. Therefore, the monitoring of non-ferrous wear debris is essential for initial prediction of hydraulic system failures.
A few oil condition monitoring devices have been developed in recent years [11,12,13]. Optical methods, such as light blockage counters, are capable of detecting small particles in hydraulic oil [14]. However, the accuracy of the light blockage method is affected by fluid clarity, the particle refractive index and the existence of air bubbles. The acoustic emission detection method, which is based on the amplitude change of reflected acoustic waves, is sensitive to the influence of background acoustic emissions and lubrication oil temperature variations [15]. Rosenkranz et al. developed an electrical resistivity method to test the solid–solid contact ratio in order to detect catastrophic failure in tribological contacts [16] and performed some experimental studies using the wear particle analysis of stainless steel surfaces with periodic cross-like patterns [17]. Capacitive Coulter counting is very simple, but the measured capacitance change often reflects not only the presence of particles but also the changes in lubricant properties, such as the viscosity and total acid number [18]. However, none of these methods can distinguish between ferrous and non-ferrous metallic particles. Du Li developed an inductive counter counting device for wear debris detection [19,20,21]. Furthermore, the improvement of the coil structure, the external amplification circuit, and the inductance-capacitance (LC) resonance method enhanced the sensitivity [22,23,24,25,26]. By detecting the inductance change, the inductive sensors, which are widely used in the field for oil particle detection, can distinguish between ferromagnetic and non-ferromagnetic metal particles. However, the inductance sensor has a lower sensitivity to non-ferromagnetic particles (such as copper particles). Previous studies have shown that the detection limit of inductive sensors for copper particles is 125 μm, and by adding a complex LC resonant circuit to the inductive sensor, the detection limit can theoretically reach 55 μm [27].
Compared with the traditional inductive sensor, the microfluidic chip-based inductive sensor has a higher detection accuracy. Instead of detecting the inductance change of the inductive sensor, in this paper, the equivalent resistance change of the inductive sensor was detected for non-ferrous particle (copper particles) monitoring based on our 3-D micro solenoid inductance sensor [28], which was published previously. Both the simulation and the experiment results show that the resistance change is more sensitive than the inductance change for non-ferromagnetic metal particle detection.
2. Sensor Design and Detection Principle
The micro inductive sensor is shown in Figure 1. It consists of a 3-D solenoid coil, which is the core of the microfluidic inductive sensor, and a micro-channel made using the mold construction method. The main purpose for the mold construction method in building a micro-channel instead of a glass tube is to decrease the distance between the solenoid coil and the particle. In this way, the micro inductive sensor is more sensitive [29]. To build the 3-D solenoid, we first prepared a small steel wire (300 µm in diameter) with its surface polished smooth. Then, a 600 turn 3-D solenoid coil was built by carefully winding the fine copper line (25 µm in diameter, with a thin insulation) around the small steel wire. After the solenoid was formed, a small amount of polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS) was applied to the 3-D solenoid coil and dried in a thermostat to fix the fine copper line. Then, the small steel wire was removed using pincers to form the micro-channel. Finally, the oil sample inlet was made using a punch. The reason for building a 600 turn 3-D solenoid coil instead of a two-layer planar coil was to strengthen the magnetic field and enhance the density of the magnetic flux at the center of the coil.
An alternating current is applied across the 3-D solenoid coil, which induces an alternating magnetic field in the sensor. The impedance of the sensor is calculated by
Z = R + j ω L
where j2 = −1, Z is the impedance of the coil, R and L are the resistance and inductance of the coil, respectively, and ω is the angular frequency of the alternating current. The impedance Z is determined by the alternating magnetic field. When the oil containing metallic wear debris passes through the sensor, the magnetic field is changed due to the influence of the metallic particles. As a result, the impedance Z, as well as the resistance R and the inductance L, are also changed.
Due to high permeability, the ferrous metallic particles are magnetized in a high-frequency magnetic field, and the magnetizing field of the particle is in the same direction as the original magnetic field, so the total magnetic flux is enhanced [30]. Compared with the magnetic field of the eddy currents, the magnetizing field of the magnetization is much larger, and the effect of any eddy currents can be ignored, so the coil equivalent inductance will be increased. As a result, a positive inductive change and a positive resistance change will be induced by a ferrous metal particle.
When a non-ferrous metallic particle passes through the center of the coil, there is no magnetization, but an eddy current will be generated inside the particle due to the alternating magnetic field. The magnetic fields from the eddy currents will offset some original magnetic fields, further affecting the magnitude and phase of the current in the solenoid. As a result, the total magnetic flux of the coil will decrease [31], leading to a decrease in the coil inductance and an increase in the coil equivalent resistance. As the AC excitation frequency and eddy currents increase, large decreases in the equivalent inductance and increases in the equivalent resistance are observed. Thus, a negative inductive change and a positive resistance change are induced by a non-ferrous metallic particle. The magnetic field change induced by the non-ferrous metallic particle was simulated using COMSOL software (COMSOL Multiphysics 5.0, COMSOL Inc., Stockholm, Sweden), as shown in Figure 2. The model structure parameters are consistent with the design parameters of the sensor. Non-ferrous metallic particles (copper particles, for example) with different sizes were used to simulate the resistance and inductance changes in the coil. These results are shown in the next section for comparison with the experimental results.
3. Experiments and Discussions
3.1. Experimental Procedure
The experimental system is illustrated in Figure 3. It is composed of a syringe pump (Harvard Apparatus B-85259, Harvard Apparatus, Holliston, MA, USA), a microfluidic inductive sensor, an LCR impedance analyzer (Agilent E4980A, Agilent Technologies Inc., Bayan Lepas, Malaysia) and a computer. Copper particles with different sizes are used to test the detection system. A plastic pipe is used to connect the injection pump and the detection chip. The oil sample is injected into the micro-channel and then flows through the center of the solenoid at a controllable velocity. The volume flow of the oil sample is set at 0.04 mL/min. The LCR meter is connected to the solenoid with an AC excitation applied to it. Therefore, the resistance and inductance of the 3-D solenoid coil can be monitored by the LCR meter. In all experiments, the excitation signal applied to the LCR meter was a 2 MHz, 2 V sine wave. The LCR meter was set up to assume that the solenoid coil consists of a pure resistance and inductance in series, and the resistance and inductance of the coil can be detected by the LCR meter simultaneously. When there are no metal particles in the hydraulic oil, the basic resistance and inductance are approximately 61.2 Ω and 54.9 μH, respectively.
Roughly spherical copper particles (Hefei Shatai Mechanical and electrical technology Co., Ltd., Hefei, China) with different sizes were used in the experiments. A series of steel sieves was used to select copper particles with sizes ranging from 48 µm to 53 µm, 58 µm to 62 µm, 65 µm to 74 µm, 80 µm to 86 µm, 90 µm to 96 µm, 96 µm to 106 µm and 150 µm to 160 µm, within these size ranges, the size of the particles is evenly distributed. In the experiments, the particles with different size were mixed with the corresponding hydraulic oil (The Great Wall L-HM 46, Sinopec Lubricant Co., Ltd., Beijing, China) to create different oil samples with 100 mL of oil and 4 mg of copper particles. These oil samples were injected into the micro-channel using a syringe pump to start the experiments.
3.2. Results and Discussions
The detection results are shown in Figure 4 and Figure 5.
Figure 4 shows the resistance and inductance changes generated by the small copper particles (48–53 µm). In the experiments, the sensor has detected 29 particles (48–53 µm) in 5 min using the equivalent resistance method (due to space constraints, we did not put all the detection results in the manuscript), but two of the signals were barely identifiable in the signal diagram, so based on the detection results, the probability of detecting 48–53 µm particles is 93.1%. When we detected the 42–48 µm copper particles, there were only 3 identifiable signals in 5 min, so we considered that the detection limits of the sensor is 48 µm copper particles. The average amplitude of the resistance is approximately 0.01 Ω; however, the inductance change cannot be detected because the particle size is too small, and the signal is lost within the noise. The resistance and inductance detection results of the copper particles with sizes ranging from 150 µm to 160 µm are shown in Figure 5. The detection results show that when copper particles flow through the sensor, positive resistance changes and negative inductive changes were observed. Each signal change represents the passage of one copper particle. The average amplitudes of the resistive changes and the inductance changes are approximately 0.76 Ω and 2.36 × 10−8 H, respectively, and their signal-to-noise ratios (SNRs) are approximately 152.7 and 47.2, respectively. The comparison results show that the equivalent resistance change is more sensitive to particle size than the inductance change for non-ferrous metallic particle detection. For the small copper particles, the equivalent resistance method has a lower detection limit than inductance method. Thus, the smaller particles can be detected using the resistance method. For the relatively large copper particles, the equivalent resistance method also has a higher SNR than the inductance method.
Next, by calculating the average of 10 detected signal amplitudes for particles of each size, and comparing them with the simulation results, the experimental results were verified. The comparison results are shown in Figure 6.
Figure 6 shows that the experimental results are in good agreement with the simulation results. Both the resistance and inductance changes increase with increasing diameter of the copper particles. In addition, the copper particles with sizes as small as 48 µm can be detected using the equivalent resistance method. However, the inductance method can only detect the copper particles with sizes large than 70 µm. Therefore, the sensitivity and accuracy can be improved by detecting the equivalent resistance of the coil. This is of great significance to optimize micro inductive sensors and to enhance the detection precision and accuracy.
In this paper, we demonstrated that an equivalent resistance method improves the sensitivity of a micro inductive sensor for non-ferrous wear debris detection. Instead of monitoring the inductance change in the micro inductive sensor, the equivalent resistance change of the sensor was monitored to detect non-ferrous wear debris in hydraulic oil. The resistance and inductance changes induced by the non-ferrous metallic particles were simulated first using COMSOL software. Then, resistance and inductance detection experiments were performed using copper particles with sizes ranging from 48 µm to 150 µm. The experimental results verify the simulation results. Compared with the 70 µm detection limit of the inductance method, we successfully detected 48 µm copper particles using the equivalent resistance method. Additionally, both the sensitivity and the SNR of the micro inductive sensor were significantly improved. The new method supports the improvement of micro inductance sensor accuracy, which is of great significance to the rapid detection of non-ferrous wear debris in hydraulic oil.
This work was supported by the Natural Science Foundation of China (51679022), the Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities (3132017013).
Lin Zeng and Hongpeng Zhang conceived and designed the experiments; Lin Zeng and Qiang Wang performed the experiments and wrote the first draft of this manuscript; Xingming Zhang aided in harvest and finished writing and editing the manuscript.
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Figure 1. Design of the micro inductive sensor for hydraulic oil detection: the diameters of the solenoid coil and the micro-channel are 25 µm and 300 µm, respectively.
Figure 2. Magnetic field distribution within the sensor as influenced by the non-ferrous metallic particle.
Figure 3. The impedance detection system.
Figure 4. Detection results of the copper particles with sizes ranging from 48 µm to 53 µm: (a) Resistance detection results; (b) Inductance detection results.
Figure 5. Detection results of the copper particles with sizes ranging from 150 µm to 160 µm: (a) Resistance detection results; (b) Inductance detection results.
Figure 6. Comparison of the experimental results and the simulation results: (a) Detection results of the copper particles with diameters ranging from 48 µm to 150 µm; (b) Detection results of the copper particles with diameters ranging from 70 µm to 150 µm.
© 2018 by the authors. Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland. This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY) license (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/).
Micromachines EISSN 2072-666X Published by MDPI AG, Basel, Switzerland RSS E-Mail Table of Contents Alert
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HomeTechnology News
Global Internet Shutdown Latest Update: Users wont have much Impact, Confirms ICANN
Global Internet Shutdown Latest Update: Users won’t have much Impact, Confirms ICANN , Image Source - Jisc
Earlier, the Communications Regulatory Authority (CRA) said that there would be a global internet shutdown for the next 48 hours during the maintenance work and it is necessary to ensure a secure and stable DNS. The Internet Service Providers who aren’t prepared for this change will get affected and possible breakdown of the network might happen until Security extensions get enabled.
Now, the Internet Corporation of Assigned Names and Numbers (ICANN) has confirmed that there won’t be any shutdown of the internet as expected, instead, there will be a minimum impact across the world during the root Key Signing Key (KSK) Rollover. ICANN is carrying out a maintenance work of changing the cryptographic key to protect the Domain Name System (DNS).
The maintenance action is required to tackle the increasing attacks in the cyber world and hacking activities across the world. As announced a couple of months back the scheduled change in cryptographic keys are already under progress and there are no such network shutdowns reported so far.
The ICANN Spokesperson confirmed that 99% of the internet users whose resolvers are validating won’t be affected and there very few impacts are expected during the updating process to protect the Internet's Address book.
Tags : internet shutdown, global internet shutdown, icann, internet shutdown hoax, Internet Shutdown time, Internet Shutdown places, KSK Rollover, DNS maintenance, tech news, technology, technology updates, technology news, Technology news latest, technology-services provider, Internet Corporation of Assigned Names and Numbers, Communications Regulatory Authority, All India Radio, KSK, DNS, CRA
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Covington (Main Street)
Wood Caskets
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Roger A. Jennings
January 23, 1947 ~ October 14, 2018 (age 71)
Roger A. Jennings, 71, of Fort Wright passed away Sunday, October 14, 2018. He was a retired Auto parts distributor and salesman and member of the First Church of Christ, Burlington. He loved cars and owned a 1965 Corvair Corsa.
Roger was instrumental in integrating Soccer into the northern Kentucky area in the late 1970’s and thru the 80’s. He was a former Soccer Coach at the Covington Latin School and then left to start the Soccer program at Ludlow High School where he was the school’s first soccer coach. He coached High School Select players, Olympic hopefuls and soccer players throughout Northern Kentucky and was inducted into the Northern Kentucky High School Soccer Hall of Fame.
He was preceded in death by his parents, Edward and Ruth Lebrecht Jennings; and a brother, Richard Jennings.
Survivors include his wife, Joyce Ann (Staudenmaier) Jennings; son, Jonathan (Tracy) Jennings of Fort Wright; sister in law, Jean Jennings of Fort Wright; nieces, Darlene Jennings and Terri (Cliff) Brown; and a nephew, Tom (Cathy) Jennings.
Visitation is Thursday, October 18, 2018 from 11:00 a.m. to 1:00 p.m. at Middendorf-Bullock Funeral Home, Ludlow. Funeral services to immediately follow at 1:00 p.m. Interment at Highland Cemetery, Fort Mitchell.
Memorial contributions are suggested to Harlequin Haven Great Dane Animal Shelter & Rescue, 11567 Ohio Route 774, Bethel, Ohio 45106.
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» Family Medicine
Last Updated on Tue, 11 Jun 2019 | Family Medicine
Scoliosis is characterized by the lateral deviation of the spine from its normal position and is associated with rotation of the vertebrae. Scoliosis may be caused by a structural spine deformity or another problem (e.g., unilateral leg shortening) or may be a protective reaction of muscle spasm in the back for lumbar disk disease or inflammation. Of the structural causes, idiopathic scoliosis is most common, affects women more frequently, and is often asymptomatic in young people. Other causes include neurologic deficit,
the chest shows rib distortion resulting from vertebral rotation. (Redrawn from Mercier R. Practical Orthopedics, 5th ed. St Louis, Mosby, 2000, p 132.)
myopathy, and neurofibromatosis; presence of pain may signify another cause.
The patient with scoliosis may present with apparent deformity, pain, symptoms of difficult movement, or neurologic deficits. The examiner stands behind and observes the patient bending forward at the waist with arms loosely directed toward the feet, which may reveal a prominence of the ribs on one side of the back of the chest and abnormal curvature of the spine (Fig. 31-24). Worsening scoliosis may result in pain, progressive deformity, disability, and cardio-pulmonary compromise.
Radiographs aid in the diagnosis and also allow measurement of the angle of curvature of the spine (Fig. 31-25). MRI may be indicated if there are additional symptoms, such as pain or neurologic problems. Early detection is important, and prompt referral to specialists is indicated in certain cases. Spinal growth continues until bone growth has been completed, and serial radiographs are useful to monitor the condition.
Treatment of scoliosis is primarily based on severity and angle of curvature. Braces may be recommended and in special cases, surgery (Janicki and Alman, 2007; SOR C, 3).
Figure 31-25 Cobb method of measuring the severity of a curve. Upper and lower end vertebrae are identified. Upper end vertebra is higher, its superior border converging toward the concavity of the curve, and lower end vertebra has inferior border converging toward the concavity. Lines are drawn along these borders, and the curve is measured directly (a) or geometrically (b). (Redrawn from Mercier Rl Practical Orthopedics, 5th ed. St Louis, Mosby, 2000, p 132.)
The complete reference list is available online at www.expertconsult.com.
www.ninds.nih.gov/disorders/backpain/backpain.html
Information on back pain with links to other sites, including clinical trials in the U.S. and worldwide. www.aaos.org/research/research.asp
American Academy of Orthopedic Surgeons site that includes Clinical Practice Guidelines, Research News, and information about common musculoskeletal disorders.
www.nlm.nih.gov/medlineplus/neckinjuriesanddisorders.html www.familydoctor.org
Consumer health information on a variety of disorders, provided by the American Academy of Family Physicians.
Natural Treatments For Psoriasis
Do You Suffer From the Itching and Scaling of Psoriasis? Or the Chronic Agony of Psoriatic Arthritis? If so you are not ALONE! A whopping three percent of the world’s populations suffer from either condition! An incredible 56 million working hours are lost every year by psoriasis sufferers according to the National Psoriasis Foundation.
Spine Healing Therapy
Most Effective Back Pain Home Remedies
Best Stomach Workout Routine
Nummular Dermatitis Nummular Eczema
Generalized Exfoliative Dermatitis
Scabies - Family Medicine
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Congenital Neck Masses - Family Medicine
Spinal, Spine
Eczema Can Be Beaten
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Mitzvah Market Magazine: Celebrate The Night In Black & White
By Madeleine Deliee
Eliza Garmise had a couple of aces up her sleeve when she was planning her Bat Mitzvah: experience.
Her older sister, Hannah, was Bat Mitzvahed three years before, and her mother is an event-planning whiz. (Mom, Jessica Garmise, is the owner of Out of the Box Creations, a Long Island-based event décor company that specializes in unique and creative events). This made planning her big day as simple as, well, black and white.
The striking color theme evolved when mom and daughter fell in love with a black and white invitation. Older sister Hannah summed up the overall mood with the line “Celebrate the Night in Black and White.” Once that was set, the Garmise family knew they had a winning concept and ran with it. Eliza’s invitation featured a silver glitter heart and guests were instructed to dress in black and white. To stand out, Eliza chose a beautiful silver sequined ballgown.
“We were looking to have an elegant, modern and (most important) FUN celebration that aroused the senses at every turn,” Jessica says. The bar was high, given her professional background, and she wanted to create an extra-special experience for her daughter’s big day. “My guests would be looking for something new and innovative, so my team spent a lot of time brainstorming ideas and coming up with all of the creative touches, big and small.”
Jessica carried the black and white motif throughout, nailing the impact of the highly graphic visual. The contrasting colors dominated the setting, from the ombre balloon wall that greeted guests when they entered the synagogue, to the big punch of the black and white dance floor; the graffiti wall for the photo booth and the three tiered cake marking the occasion.
Black and white echoed through the smaller elements as well, in the patterned lampshades, floral arrangements and the black and white candy in apothecary jars. There were also many striking pops of vibrant pattern—zig-zag, polka-dots and hearts on everything from the cake to the pillar candles and floral patterned baubles in the table centerpieces.
“We had a lot of fun designing the logos for the favors and swag to really personalize the event for Eliza,” Jessica says. One unique touch was creating a spin on the Gossip Girl TV show logo. “We changed it to ‘Garmise Girl,’” Jessica explains, acknowledging that it was a “cute take” to identify everything as uniquely Eliza’s.
Her first name prompted a party choice as well. “Many people call Eliza by her nickname “EJ,” so we had shirts made that say ‘Yo EJ Pump this Party,’ ” she says, pointing out the kind of detail present everywhere.
The Garmises also focused on their guests’ knowledge of Eliza to distinguish many of the elements that went into creating her special day. “Eliza is a very petite girl with a HUGE personality,” her mother says. “So, on each adult plate we left a little box of black and white candy that said, ‘Good Things Come in Small Packages.’ ”
The hosts made sure that the party-goers were taken care of from start to finish, sending them off with black and white branded water bottles and a food truck in the parking lot with some final goodies for their departure.
Ultimately, Jessica handled the experience with the confidence of a veteran, having planned dozens of parties for others, as well as her older daughter’s event. “Since this was my second Bat Mitzvah, I definitely approached it with a more relaxed attitude and tried to enjoy the process,” she says. “I knew little things would go wrong (because they always do) but I knew if my daughter had an amazing night none of that would matter.” While she admits that it’s sometimes easier said than done to remain cool and organized, she believes strongly that perspective is what matters most. “I always tell my clients that the BEST part of the entire day or weekend by far is going to be sitting there and watching your child up there on the bimah and the immense feeling of love and pride that follows. There really is nothing better than that moment — at least there wasn’t for me. This helps put all the party planning and details in perspective and focus on what really matters.”
The following vendors helped to make Eliza’s celebration special. If you contact them please tell them you read about their services on MitzvahMarket.com:
Venue: Temple Sinai of Roslyn
Entertainment: EJ The DJ, 800-358-4335
Photography/Videography: Stephen Andrews Photography, 516-780-9100
Party Planner, Décor, Sign-in Board, Special Touches: Jessica Garmise, Out of the Box Creations, 917-518-9389
Invitations: Jodi’s Gifts and Events, Jodi Okun, 516-662-2137
Eliza’s dress: Designing Dreams, 516-248-1988
Posted in Mitzvah Spotlight, Family and tagged Mitzvah Market Magazine 2018-2019.
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Tag: Da Yuhne
Meople News: The Madness of Coal
30 September, 2016 Kai Weekly News
Funforge Keep the Great Old Ones out of our world? What would you do that for? Their power is too[…]
“Light dice game” usually implies lots of rolling and very little influence over who wins the game in the end, it’s just whoever rolls better. Not so in Blueprints. There are many dice, sure enough, but you don’t roll them all that much and if you win or not depends less on how you roll them and more on how you use them.
“Kill Doctor Lucky” is not only the name of the game, it’s also the only victory condition. Be the first to strike down the old academic in this fun little filler game.
Thing-building games are still going strong. Deck-building games are the most popular of the bunch, but dice-building games and bag-building games have lots of fans, too. With Orleans one bag-building game has made the Kennerspiel des Jahres nominations this year and it really represents the cream of the genre. To become the most successful leader in medieval France, you need tight management of the followers in your bag.
Empire Engine
Micro games, very small games with few components and few rules, quick to explain and to play, are a minor trend at the moment. They don’t usually keep you entertained for the whole evening, but they are nice to play a round or three while you wait for pretty much anything. Even in a waiting room or on a train, because they’re very portable. Empire Engine is a micro game by Alderac where everything is about cogs and wheels. The whole planet the game is set on is made from cogs and wheels.
Crows is a game about crows. And shiny objects. It’s a game that has crow meeple, and many chances to screw your opponents out of points they thought were safe already. It’s also a game that has crow meeple, did I mention that?
Rattle, Battle, Grab the Loot
Ignacy Trzewiczek and Portal Games are usually known for heavy games, but with Rattle, Battle, Grab the Loot they ventured into family game territory. Here you wage sea battles by throwing a metric ton of dice into the game box and then using more or less improbable ship upgrades to fight. For family-friendliness, players don’t fight against one another but compete who can capture or sink the most non-player ships.
Qwixx
The first nominee for this year’s Spiel des Jahres award, a light but clever dice game by Steffen Benndorf. While some luck is obviously involved, there are also decisons to be made at every corner.
Futschikato / Fuji Flush
Our first review of a 2016 Essen game is, by necessity, of a light game. We have to play it a couple of times, after all. Futschikato / Fuji Flush, a card game by Friedemann Friese, is as light as any game we ever reviewed, but nevertheless is a really fun game. That’s all thanks to one small twist: low cards can gang up on high cards. No matter how good your card is, you can never feel safe.
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Brandon Phillips evoked Willie Mays Hayes with a leaning-back home run
By Eric Chesterton
The Red Sox completed a dramatic comeback against the Braves Wednesday afternoon. After entering the eighth inning trailing, 7-1, they put up six runs in the top half of the inning to tie the game.
After the Braves took the lead back in the bottom of the eighth, it was up to the Red Sox to tie the game or take the lead in the top of the ninth. After Andrew Benintendi reached on a single, Brandon Phillips -- in his first game with the Red Sox -- came to the plate with two outs. He had to adjust his perspective to get a proper view of the ball he hit:
So much swagger. pic.twitter.com/AUeFawMt4A
— Boston Red Sox (@RedSox) September 5, 2018
If that feels like a familiar sight, you've probably seen "Major League II," in which Willie Mays Hayes returns to the Indians with added power in his swing. He called his shot with a lean-back similar to Phillips:
Who did it better. 😂pic.twitter.com/PqQontl7Jx
This isn't the first time Hayes' fingerprints have been all over the proceedings on a Major League field. Just last season, Blue Jays outfielder Chris Coghlan channeled Hayes when he leapt over Yadier Molina to touch home plate.
If this keeps up a closer will enter to "Wild Thing" in 2019.
Teams in this article:
Players in this article:
Topics in this article:
The Colorado Rockies have harnessed the power of lightning and we're all doomed
Brandon Phillips struck a pose after starting a double play with a behind-the-back flip
Brandon Phillips became the first Red Sox player to wear No. 0
Chris Coghlan took a page out of 'Major League' and leapt clear over the catcher
Here’s adorable photographic proof that Javier Báez is also an All-Star baseball dad
By Chris Landers • 3:33 PM EDT
David Price wore a paw print on his cap in tribute to his late dog, Astro
By Michael Clair • 12:46 PM EDT
The Padres all dressed like Manny Machado for their trip to Miami
By Andrew Mearns • July 14, 2019
Bask in the glory of the first ever "steal of first" in organized baseball
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Opposition demands revenue minister’s resignation in Maharashtra
By The Hindu 28-Jun-2019
A day after Maharashtra Revenue Minister Chandrakant Patil was accused of involvement in a multi-crore land scam, the State Assembly on Thursday witnessed an uproar from the Opposition benches as Mr. Patil presented his clarification inside the House. The Assembly had to be adjourned twice due to the uproar.
Addressing a press conference, Nationalist Congress Party (NCP) Member of the Legislative Assembly Jayant Patil on Wednesday had accused the minister of irregularities in deals for two plots in Pune district. In a press conference, he had alleged that the State exchequer incurred a loss of ₹42 crore in one of the deals. He had earlier made the allegations inside the Assembly, but his speech was expunged by Speaker Haribhau Bagde over the technical issue of not giving notice to Mr. Patil before making the allegations.
The Opposition objected to Mr. Patil’s clarification, wherein he denied any wrongdoing in the land deals.
Haribhau Kisanrao Bagde
State Speaker
Maharashtra BJP
Chandrakant Patil
State Cabinet Minister
Phulambri , Maharashtra
N/A , Maharashtra
महाराष्ट्र विधानसभा चुनाव: 40 विधायकों का टिकट काट सकते हैं CM फडणवीस
महाराष्ट्र कांग्रेस की नई नियुक्तियों से संतुलन साधने की कोशिश
Fadnavis balances Maratha quota: Offers general category fee aid, more seats
NCP hits the ground running before Maharashtra assembly polls
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Do Research » Web links » Arts
America Singing
http://memory.loc.gov/ammem/amsshtml/amsshome.html
Nineteenth century song sheet database at the Library Of Congress. Not to be confused with sheet music, song sheets are single printed sheets, usually six by eight inches, with lyrics but no music. These were new songs being sung in music halls or new lyrics to familiar songs.
http://www.artcyclopedia.com/
Type in or select an artist's name, and be taken to a list of Websites providing digital images of that artist's work.
http://www.artnet.com/
Buy, sell and research fine art online. artnet Galleries is the largest network of its kind, with over 2,200 galleries in over 250 cities worldwide, more than 166,000 artworks by over 39,000 artists from around the globe. artnet Galleries serves dealers and art buyers alike by providing a survey of the market and its pricing trends.
http://www.askart.com/AskART/index.aspx
Online database containing over 200,000 artists. From its inception the focus was on American artists from the early 16th-Century through the present. However, in January of 2007 the database expanded to include international artists' auction records.
ForeignFilms
http://www.foreignfilms.com/
Foreign Film database.
Historic American Sheetmusic
http://library.duke.edu/digitalcollections/hasm/
The David M. Rubenstein Rare Book & Manuscript Library at Duke University holds a significant collection of 19th and early 20th century American sheet music. The Historic American Sheet Music Project provides access to digital images of 3042 pieces from the collection, published in the United States between 1850 and 1920.
http://www.isa-appraisers.org/
Not-for-profit, member-driven association, formed to support our member needs and serve the public by producing highly qualified and ethical appraisers who are recognized authorities in professional personal property appraising. Our members include many of the country's most respected independent appraisers, consultants, estate liquidators, auctioneers, gallery owners, and dealers.
Petrucci Music Library
http://imslp.org/
Database for musicians, music librarians and teachers, as well as lovers of classical music. The online collection shares public domain music via a searchable interface. On the main page, visitors may search for works by composer (or composer's nationality), genre, time period, or melody. Searching by melody is particularly interesting, as it launches an interactive keyboard on which users may play (or, for those of us less musically inclined, attempt to play) a familiar melody in order to search the database for it. Some searches will yield YouTube clips of the music. The website also provides scans of sheet music from many composers, genres and world locations.
Second Hand Songs
http://www.secondhandsongs.com/
Find out who performed the original version of a particular song, or who covered that song.
Sheet Music Consortium
http://digital2.library.ucla.edu/sheetmusic/
Provides tools and services that promote access to and use of online sheet music collections by scholars, students, and the general public.
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FWP Reports Increase In Northwest Montana Bear Management Actions
By Nick Mott • Apr 23, 2019
The most grizzly bears since 2011 were captured last year in northwest Montana, according to Montana Fish, Wildlife and Parks (FWP) annual reports released Tuesday.
The reports focus on management actions in 2018 for grizzlies, black bears and mountain lions in FWP’s Region 1 – the northwest corner of the state.
The grizzly report says 20 bears were captured in 2018. Nine of those grizzlies wound up dead. That occurred in the portion of the region that contains part of the Northern Continental Divide Ecosystem, home to the largest population of grizzlies in the lower 48.
FWP received about 150 calls related to grizzlies in 2018. That’s compared to an average of 100 calls per year since 1993.
The reports say FWP received nearly 1,000 calls related to black bears, compared to an average of about 800.
Estimates put the mountain lion population as high as 1,500 in the region. However, conflicts between lions and people have decreased over time. Two lions were removed from the population last year, compared to an average of six a year since 2008.
Thursday night in Bigfork, FWP and Swan Valley Connections will host a presentation on mitigating conflicts between humans and bruins at 6 p.m. at the Swan River Community Hall.
Northern Continental Divide Ecosystem
Montana Fish Wildlife and Parks
Swan Valley Connections
Bigfork Montana
51 Grizzly Mortalities, Deadliest Year On Record For Montana Bears
By Nick Mott • Nov 21, 2018
Montana Fish, Wildlife and Parks
2018 has been the deadliest year since scientists started keeping track for grizzlies in Northwest Montana.
"We did have a record high number of mortalities," says Cecily Costello, a grizzly bear research biologist for Montana Fish, Wildlife and Parks, and she’s talking about the huge swath of land in and around Glacier National Park, known as the Northern Continental Divide Ecosystem (NCDE). About a thousand bears live there.
Bear Managers Plan For Future As Grizzly Populations, Mortalities Grow
By Nick Mott • Dec 12, 2018
LuCaAr / iStock
Grizzly bears in and around Montana are moving faster than the people tasked with managing them. That’s the takeaway from the year-end update from the group of federal and state wildlife experts who met this week in Missoula.
About 20 members of the Interagency Grizzly Bear Committee, an organization in charge of grizzly bear management and recovery, crowded around a conference table, discussing the six ecosystems designated as grizzly bear habitat south of Canada.
Wolf Population Declining In Yellowstone National Park
By Associated Press • Apr 19, 2019
Jim Peaco / National Park Service
POWELL, Wyo. (AP) — Officials say Yellowstone National Park's gray wolf population has dropped to about 80 wolves — less than half of the highest population mark in the park.
Lead Kills 1st Yellowstone Golden Eagle Fitted With Tracker
By Associated Press & Mead Gruver • Apr 15, 2019
National Park Service (PD)
CHEYENNE, Wyo. (AP) — The first golden eagle in Yellowstone National Park fitted with a tracking device has died of lead poisoning, likely after consuming bullet fragments while scavenging the remains of an animal killed by a hunter, officials said Monday.
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Viewers Still Prefer Watching Shows On Their TV Sets: CTAM
Linda Moss
Despite the growing popularity of viewing TV content online, most adults -- or 94% -- who subscribe to cable or satellite television services prefer to watch television on traditional TV sets, according to new research conducted by Nielsen for the Cable & Telecommunications Association for Marketing.
Over one-third, or 35%, of the adult broadband users surveyed for the Nielsen-CTAM study said they had watched at least one television program originally shown on TV via the Internet.
Of those who sought out video content online, 87% watched programs directly from a TV network Web site. Further, 82% of those who watched video content online reported that they went online to find a specific program that they had missed when it first aired on TV.
According to CTAM, this data points to the importance of strong marketing for the initial TV showing and the success that major networks are having by taking popular programs to the online platform.
Online TV viewers are not only catching up on their favorite shows, nearly 40% report using the Internet to get the scoop on actors and upcoming episodes.
Asked to choose among 17 online-content categories, online TV viewers said they prefer to watch shorter video clips when they go online. Specifically, movie trailers (53%), user-generated videos (45%), music videos and general news segments (37%), comedy programs (31%), and sports clips (31%) were the respondents’ top choices.
“Tracking how consumer behavior is changing as a result of new television viewing platforms is critical to our business,” CTAM president and CEO Char Beales said in a statement. “As preferences are made clear through research, cable companies and content providers evolve the product mix to best suit viewers’ needs and desires.”
In general, the study found that people are spending more time online each week than they were two years ago. More than half of the respondents, or 51%, reported being online for at least three hours a week last year. In 2005, just 41% of those surveyed said they spent three or more hours online per week.
Nielsen and CTAM’s analysis also found growth among services associated with traditional TV-set viewing. For example, respondents’ knowledge and usage of video on- demand services increased substantially between 2005 and 2007. Free on-demand programs and movies also experienced a significant jump in usage from 49% in 2005 to 71% in 2007, and paid on-demand usage increased from 46% to 55%.
• High-definition TV subscribers are exceptionally loyal: Of those respondents who own HDTV sets, two-fifths (41%) subscribe to a HDTV service. These subscribers report making it a point to watch HDTV programs “every time” (20%) or “most of the time” (45%) they watch television.
• Digital cable and HDTV are poised for further growth: Interest in digital cable and HDTV sets is strong among respondents currently without these services or devices. Those interested in digital cable jumped from 9% to 20% and from 18% to 28% for HD TV sets from 2005 to 2007.
• Viewers are accessing TV content via new media platforms: Small, but significant, percentages of respondents reported watching television via desktop computers (14%), laptops (9%), video-enabled mobile phones (6%), or other portable video players (5%).
• Portable video platforms are slowly gaining popularity: While a large percent (82%) of adults in this study own a mobile phone, only 7% subscribe to a video downloading service. Of those respondents who own a video iPod: 35% have never watched a video on it; 16% watch videos two or three times a month; 14% watch videos once a week; and 9% watch videos daily via iPod.
Streaming Video Viewers Watch More Regular TV: CTAM Study
Teen Viewers Prefer Online Content: CTAM
TV Screen Still Rules: CTAM
Cartoon Viewers Speak And Get Their Show
More Watch TV Out of Home
Viewers Watch More Screens, Still Favor Cable
TV Set’s Still the Big Screen On Campus
Over Half of Viewers Watch TV Shows, Movies Online: Magid Survey
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Google Play - Latest updates on Google Play
OTT spend set to propel video and global TV spendings to $559BN by 2022
According to reports, the global consumer and advertising spend on TV and video is predicted to rise to $559 billion in 2022, up from $490 billion in 2017. The revenue generated from over-the-top services such as YouTube, Facebook, iflix, iTunes, Netflix, Google Play, Amazon Prime Video, DirecTV Now, Hulu, NOW TV, and other online video …
youtube OTT VoD hulu netflix itunes online video services google play facebook OTT services online streaming Over the Top platform iflix amazon prime video DirecTV Now
Music streaming app Boomplay registers 10 million Google Play downloads
According to reports, Africa based music streaming app Boomplay has seen 10 million downloads on Google Play. The Android platform allows users to access artists’ songs, videos, and lyrics etc. The audio streaming app has won the Best African App guild in Cape Town last year. On the grand occasion, while inviting worldwide music artists …
google play music streaming app music streaming platform online audio streaming platform online music service Boomplay
Law & Crime Network goes digital
Law & Crime has introduced mobile and OTT apps on several platforms such as Android, iOS, Apple TV, Amazon Fire TV, and Google Play etc. The company is eyeing to expand its rapidly growing viewership. It is also going to debut on Roku very soon. Law & Crime which is garnering over 2 million monthly …
OTT VoD Video-on-demand SVoD apple tv online video platform android iOS google play OTT Platform video streaming service roku online streaming service Amazon Fire TV live video streaming service apps for Android video hosting services Law & Crime OTT apps
VNPT comes up with OTT application
VNPT Corporation has launched its Over-The-Top (OTT) application Karo for businesses and individuals. The OTT platform is to primarily focus on enterprises and organizations, bringing customers a safe effective social business network and ensuring privacy for individuals and data for enterprises and cost savings. VNPT is optimistic that Karo will be welcomed by the business …
OTT VoD Video-on-demand SVoD online video platform google play OTT Platform video streaming service online video streaming Apple store VNPT Karo video hosting services
Netflix becomes the top earning non-game mobile app
According to a report, Netflix registered a gross subscriber revenue of nearly $510 million in 2017, representing a 138% increase in total user spending in the app since 2016. The number which is about 2.4 times the previous year’s, has made Netflix, the highest grossing non-game app on Apple’s store. However, on Google Play it …
netflix vod platform google play online streaming service live streaming services SVOD Platform Tencent Video Mobile App Apple store
Subscribers from mobile drives growth for Netflix
Netflix added 5.2 million subscribers in the second quarter of 2017 reaching 100 million subscribers and some of that gain can be attributed to mobile. In the second quarter of 2017, 5.2 million subscribers were added reaching a total of 100 million subscribers for the first time. As per app measurement company App Annie it’s …
VoD Video Streaming netflix SVoD online video google play comscore video streaming service streaming video mobile streaming
Online VOD services watched by approximately 30% Germans
According to a survey by digital association Bitkom, 3 out of 10 Germans that are 14 or older (29%) watch films and series on platforms like Amazon Prime Video, Apple iTunes, Google Play, Netflix, Maxdome or Sky Online. That’s a rise of 25% from a year ago. Short form videos on social media platforms like …
VoD germany Video-on-demand netflix google play facebook online video streaming Maxdome amazon prime video instagram Bitkom Apple iTunes Sky Online
In a first-of-its kind, audio streams to be included in Australia’s album charts
On Thursday, May 4, an announcement was made by trade body ARIA that on-demand audio streams for the first time will be taken into account in Australia’s official weekly album charts.This Saturday (May 13), the first ARIA Albums Chart to integrate streams will be revealed using data provided by Spotify, Apple Music, Deezer, Google Play …
Australia VOD spotify google play digital music Apple Music Audio Streaming Audio Streaming Service ARIA Deezer Streaming products recorded music digital music service digital music services audio stream
VOD services from YouTube, Netflix are Hit in Brazil
According to a recent report from August 2016, over 80% of internet users in Brazil use YouTube to watch their favorite video on demand content online. Whereas, Netflix was used by 71% respondents in the same duration. Also, one in two of these surveyed said that they watched movies by Globo on TV, a Brazilian media conglomerate, …
youtube VoD netflix amazon USA brazil itunes google play vod services on demand us South America America Globo
Google Brings its Play Movies Video Service to 39 New Countries
Google just rolled out its Play Movies service, which offers Hollywood Blockbusters for rent or sale, in a whole bunch of additional countries — 39, to be precise, including a number of countries in Central and South America, Europe and Africa. This means that Google Play Movies is now available in about 60 countries around …
Video OTT industry internet Internet TV VoD Video-on-demand Video Streaming streaming services vod platform SVoD live streaming pay-per-view ppv tv streaming internet streaming video platform Muvi SDK Muvi Studio over-the-top media google play google play movies
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NATIONAL TECHNICAL UNIVERSITY OF UKRAINE (KYIV POLYTECHNIC INSTITUTE)
December 11, 2018 UKRAINE ENGINEERING UNIVERSITIES
During the celebration ceremony on August 31, 1898 the Director of Trade and Manufacturing Department had proclaimed an Order of the Russian Emperor Nicolai II on establishing of Kiev Polytechnic Institute. By Czar’s Order the following four Colleges were established: Mechanical (109 students), Engineering (101 student), Agricultural (87 students), and Chemical (63 students). The idea to establish a technical educational institution was generated 18 years earlier on February 18, 1880. Today NTUU KPI has grown to around 40 500 students, and 10 000 teaching and administrative staff.
Every year the University accommodates 1500 international students from all over the world. NTUU KPI is a very diverse place, with people from different countries, all kinds of religions backgrounds, and with varied experiences. The University, college, academic stuff, and communities give real support for international students. You will have a vast range of activities, and will meet a diverse range of people here. Your study at NTUU KPI will be one of the most rigorous, most rewarding, and most enjoyable of your life.
About University:
Studying at NTUU KPI, you will be taught by our great professor faculty, the experts in your subject area. If you have the commitment, the ability, and the motivation, you can expect intellectual satisfaction and a capability much sought after by employers in industry and academia.
NTUU KPI provides the world's highest-quality university education in 77 Majors at 29 University Institutes and Colleges. The College is the focus of academic life. In colleges friends are made quickly and there are many opportunities to add to college life.
At the University you can get
Doctor of Philosophy Degree
Doctor of Science Degre
All prospective and international students who come to study at NTUU KPI are offered one academic year of intensive study of Ukrainian or Russian Language, which will be the main language of teaching, as well as a possibility to improve their knowledge of main subjects according to the future Degree, e.g. Mathematics, Physics, Chemistry, Biology, Geography, Economics, etc., at the Preparatory School of NTUU KPI.
International students can get a Bachelor Degree studying in Ukrainian or Russian within any Academic Program.
Electrical, Electronics, Telecommunications, Energy, Heat & Power Engineering
Tuition fee for English medium: 3200 US$ (every year)
Tuition fee for Russian medium: 2500 US$ (every year)
Students who are going to join Medicine Faculty in English medium will pay the following charges except tuition fee:
Accommodation: 1000 US$ every year (twin sharing newly renovated hostel with new furniture and utensils)
700 US$ (ordinary twin-three sharing old hostels)
Medical Insurance: 250 US$ (one time insurance for 6 years)
Medical Checkup: 50 US$ (one time charges)
Issuance of Temporary Residence Permit: 100 US$ (one time upon arrival)
Other Expenses (Administrative Fee, Admission Fee, Registration Fee, Airport Reception Charges, Immigration Clearance Charges, Intermediary Company Charges, etc..): 1700 US$ ONLY FOR FIRST YEAR
First year total charges: 6300 US$
Second year and Onwards: 3800 US$ every year
Mechanical, Mechatronics, Machine Engineering
Civil, Structural , Architecture, Mining Engineering
Aviation, Aerospace, Aeronautical, Air Navigation, SpaceEngineering
Second year and Onward: 4400 US$ every year
Oil & Gas, Petroleum Engineering
Tuition fee for Russian medium: 31000 US$ (every year)
Information Technology, Computer Engineering
Bio Medical Engineering
Agricultural Engineering (Agronomy)
Metrology & Instrumentation Engineering
Invitation Charges
To issue an invitation letter we require the following documents and payments of 580 US $ (which includes invitation charges 480 US$ and 100 US$ courier charges).
Copy of international passport
Copy of School certificate
Copy of Bachelor's degree in Engineering/IT/Business (only if student is for postgraduate studies.
Lahore Office:
Office No.144 Street #7 Marghzar Colony, Multan Road, Lahore, Pakistan.
NATIONAL TECHNICAL UNIVERSITY OF UKRAINE (KYIV POLYTECHNIC INSTITUTE) Reviewed by FlyUp on December 11, 2018 Rating: 5
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Best Streaming Platforms for Indian Originals
By Lenora | 1.1k | 29 Jan
The small screen has evidently caught up to the world of entertainment in India with fresh faces and captivating storylines these days. Here are some of the web series that helped raise the bar, only increasing the time we spent on binge-watching shows.
By Shikhar Srivastava | 1.2k | 08 Jan
In India, people are always to gossip about affairs of other people and if it is about the B-town celebs, you know what the craze might be. Rekha ma'am and Amitabh sir were once in the limelight due to rumors of their affairs, with some even claiming they were married. Deepika & Ranveer, Virat & Anushka. One just can't escape the rumors and theories. So here we are going to talk of some lovebirds whom we expect to get married in 2019.
Maan Na Maan, Main Tera Ayushmann!
"कितना जानता होगा वो शख़्स मेरे बारे में, मेरे मुस्कुराने पर जिसने पूछ लिया तुम उदास क्यूँ हो.”
Many great talents have made their name in Bollywood with their stupendous works, and one of them is Ayushmann Khurrana. An actor, poet, singer and an anchor, he is a well-established name in Hindi film industry.
By Shikhar Srivastava | 1.3k | 29 Dec 2018
Over time, we have seen quite a number of Hollywood flicks rendering jaw-dropping visual effects, which makes the film more mesmerizing, and have been applauded for the same. Now, many directors in India are also using the same formula, and have been both praised and criticized for the same. Praises for making the efforts, and critics for making it more like a cartoonish one. Also, many of the vfx companies have gained the limelight for their efforts, like Double Negative, Red Chillies Vfx, Makuta Vfx, Ilm, and the list is endless. But the truth is that it's all shot in front of a green screen and later animated. So, here are some of the movies that became a talk of the town for the same.
The Timeliners Flames Season 1 Review And Season 2 Release Information
With the conclusion of season 1 of The Timeliner's newest entry Flames, the web series has struck quite a chord with it's audience and now everyone is eagerly waiting for it's season 2. So let's dive into what goes in season 1 and when can we expect season 2.
Avengers: Endgame Fan Theories
Fans have been in much speculation since the decimation of superheroes in Avengers: Endgame . They have been eager to know what happens next. And after the release of the trailer of Avengers: Endgame , it has fueled their hype and speculation. But, the movie has also become prone to fans theories, rumors and leaks. So, here we are going to talk of some fan theories, that might seem to be more than a theory.
TVF Pitchers Season 2 Release Date
By MMR | 18.8k | 05 Apr 2017
We know you have been wondering when season 2 of pitcher wii be made.
RGV Shows Middle Finger to Censor Board With His Web-Series Guns and Thighs:Nudity, Cuss Galore
By mangoman | 12.1k | 29 May 2017
Time and again Ram Gopal Verma has tried to put the story of Mumbai Mafia on the silver screen but his hand have been tied by the ever so prude Censor board. But not this time, RGV is back in his original avatar and this time there is no one to stop him form telling the story the way he likes...all arise for Guns and Thighs
TV Shows to Understand the World of Politics
In the ever changing world and with so much happening around the world, everyone craves to have some knowledge about politics. What's a better way than to learn it through TV shows! Here is a list of the shows you can watch to understand politics:
Sacred Games Season 2 Release Date. How Many Seasons Will There Be?
With the release of season 1 of Sacred Games on July 6 2018, you must be wondering whether there will be a season 2 or not.
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Mississippi Personhood: Too Extreme for Haley Barbour?
Senior ReporterBio | Follow
Mississippi Gov. Haley Barbour (R)<a href="http://www.flickr.com/photos/medilldc/5489254036/sizes/z/in/photostream/">Medill DC</a>/Flickr
Next Tuesday, Mississippi voters will vote on a constitutional amendment, ballot question 26, to define life as beginning at the point of fertilization—a move that would make all abortion illegal, even in cases of rape. It would also ban many kinds of birth control (a spokesman for the Yes on 26 campaign calls the morning-after-pill a “human pesticide”) and make in-vitro fertilization exceedingly difficult. Despite all of that, both the Democratic and Republican nominees for governor and attorney general have endorsed the measure, as has Mike Huckabee and Deanna Favre (wife of Brett).
But via Tanya Somanader, at least one Mississippi Republican is voicing concerns with the measure: outgoing Governor Haley Barbour. In an interview with NBC’s Chuck Todd on Wednesday morning Barbour suggested that, although he hadn’t made up his mind, he might vote against it:
“I believe life begins at conception,” he explained. “Unfortunately, this personhood amendment doesn’t say that. It says life begins at fertilization, or cloning, or the functional equivalent thereof. That ambiguity is striking a lot of pro-life people here as concerning. And I’m talking about people that are very, outspokenly pro-life.” When Todd asked Barbour if he would vote for it, the Governor said, “Really I haven’t decided. If you would have asked me when this was first proposed, I would’ve said, a.) the legislature would’ve passed it 100 to 1. And b.) I believe life begins at conception and therefore I would be for it. I am concerned about some of the ramifications on in vitro fertilization and ectopic pregnancies where pregnancies [occur] outside the uterus and [in] the fallopian tubes. That concerns me, I have to just say it.”
Barbour’s in good company, at least nationally. James Bopp, the counsel for National Right to Life, opposes Personhood amendments as a rule, on the grounds that they’ll result in counterproductive court rulings.
WATCH: Mississippi’s Assault on Women (Saunders Cartoon)
Zina Saunders
Then They Came for Your Birth Control
Kate Sheppard
Mississippi Dem Unsure What Personhood Does, Still Supports It
Huckabee Shills for Measure to Ban Abortions in Cases of Rape
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Subscribe FREE to eNewsletters, Magazines, Twitter or Linkedin: Subscribe Now eNewsletter Magazine Twitter LinkedIn
Medica/Compamed
November 18 - 12, 2019Frankfurt, Germany
Medical Product Outsourcing
40474 Düsseldorf, Germany
Stockumer Höfe
Wearing Medical Innovation
By Michael Barbella, Managing Editor, and Sean Fenske, Editor | 11.21.16
The latest in medtech worn by patients, fitness advocates, or those addressing a specific symptom or medical condition.
Livia's wearable device relieves women's menstrual pain with the flick of a switch.
There is plenty to see at the Medica and CompaMed shows each year, regardless of the specific medical technologies in which visitors are interested. One of the most consistent highlights, however, is the Wearable Technologies Pavilion in Hall 15. In this section, attendees get a glimpse at the latest in medtech being worn by patients, fitness advocates, or those seeking to address a specific symptom or medical condition.
While the medical advances in this area are a mix of development projects alongside actual retail products available in some areas of the world, almost everything is an interesting technology. MPO editors highlighted a few they found to stand out among the others.
Livia’s device sounds almost too good to be true: It relieves women's menstrual pain with the flick of a switch. The discreet wearable uses a set wavelength frequency to send neuroelectric pulses to the nervous system, blocking all pain signals from reaching the brain. The product’s frequency penetrates and soothes the uterine muscles causing menstrual cramps; those pain-blocking signals are then sent to the body’s central command system through tiny electrodes secured at the pain site(s).
“We are keeping the nervous system occupied with our signals so no pain can be felt,” Livia chief marketing officer John Pohl said from the Medica show floor. “Within 30 seconds, the pain is gone.”
Though the company’s device can be worn through the night if necessary, it is designed to keep its user pain-free for several hours after treatment. The product holds a charge for 15 hours and charges in about 80 minutes. Pohl said Livia has sold roughly 15,000 units globally since securing Indiegogo funding in April; the company is hoping to receive CE Mark approval for the device in January 2017 and U.S. Food and Drug Administration clearance in February.
Gait Up’s devices provide clinical-grade motion analysis through wearable sensors. The Swiss startup has developed IP-protected algorithms to quantify movement, monitor activity, analyze gait and running techniques, and measure shoulder kinematics. Its Run Up program provides analytics of running mechanics without calibration and helps athletes reach peak performance and allows trainers and therapists to observe historic trends or injury warnings. Physilog sensors, on the other hand, are designed to quantify human movement in real-life conditions.
The HandsUp mobile app provides validated shoulder angles and kinematic scores (B-B) using smartphone sensors.
The HandsUp mobile app provides validated shoulder angles and kinematic scores (B-B) using smartphone sensors. The app enables medical professionals to perform straightforward and valid functional shoulder tests to objectively measure and compare shoulder function, while patients can use it to track and share physical therapy progress. “It’s really targeted to physical therapists,” said Alex Russell, Gait Up’s vice president of business development.
Gait Up’s patented technology is the culmination of more than a dozen years of research and development with the Swiss Institute of Technology of Lausanne and other universities and scientific institutions. More than 50 customers in academics, clinics, and industry in Europe, Canada, Asia, and the United States use the services from the 3-year-old company.
Evena Medical
Evena was present in the Wearable Technologies venue in 2015 with its Eyes-On AR (augmented reality) Glasses, which enable clinicians to view deep tissue vascular images, such as the femoral vein and artery. While the company was hoping to present its latest version of the technology to Medica visitors this year, it came up a bit short. Instead, however, it presented another very impressive imaging solution—the DeepVu Personal Ultrasound.
While not a wearable itself, this one-button, handheld, wireless device offers every level of clinician the ability to use ultrasound imaging, requiring only the use of the device with a laptop or tablet. With the value ultrasound can offer in diagnosing a host of potential concerns, having this type of device available to first responders, midwives, remote doctors, and others lacking access to more sophisticated systems can make a significant difference in the quality of care.
The one-button, handheld, wireless device offers every level of clinician the ability to use ultrasound imaging, requiring only the use of the device with a laptop or tablet.
“Ultrasound is fast-becoming the most ubiquitous clinical tool in the medical profession, surpassing the stethoscope,” said Frank Ball, Evena Medical’s CEO. “With Evena’s wearable [ultrasound] and AR platform, doctors, nurses, and medics can quickly and easily view important patient imagery—even in challenging clinical environments such as emergency, surgical, or pre-hospital, or in more remote, underdeveloped parts of the world without access to advanced medical care.”
Perhaps at some point in the future, the company will find a way to couple the Eyes-On glasses with the DeepVu functionality, giving clinicians ultrasound imaging via the eyewear.
In 2017, it will be interesting to see how these and other technologies that were on display in the Wearable Technologies pavilion have continued to be developed, or the market’s impression of them. Perhaps more exciting will be the new entries to the pavilion making their debut at the event. Regardless, for those able to make the trip to Germany in November 2017 for Medica, be sure to check in to Hall 15 to see the latest wearable healthcare devices.
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Driving news, articles and information:
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5/23/2013 - Your local police department could soon be adding to its revenue stream with the implementation of so-called "distracted driving" laws, which would fine drivers for talking on their cell phones, texting, and engaging in other activities that steal their attention from the road. And a new investigation...
'Sex' makes you speed, while 'cancer' makes you crash: How billboards affect drivers
2/22/2013 - Emotionally charged billboards actually hamper people's ability to drive, according to a study conducted by researchers from the University of Alberta and published in the journal Accident Analysis and Prevention. Driver distraction is one of the primary causes of motor vehicle accidents, the researchers...
Amazing precision driving stunt driver Ken Block demonstrates stunning mastery in 'Gymkhana' video
8/2/2012 - I greatly admire people who have mastered the art of their choice. Whether it's gymnasts, artists, scientists, mathematicians, poets or martial artists, people who achieve greatness in their particular area of interest offer inspiration. If you've never seen a video of Ken Block, the master of precision...
Public vigil red alert: Raw milk advocate James Stewart seized by armed bounty hunters driving unmarked vehicles with no plates
7/27/2012 - James Stewart, the 65-year-old raw "milk man" and founder of Rawesome Foods, was assaulted near his home today by three armed men driving unmarked luxury vehicles with no license plates. Carrying firearms on their hips and dressed in gangster-style street clothes, Satanic T-shirt imagery and tattoos,...
South Carolina mother billed for street cleaning, vehicle removal after undocumented immigrant kills her son in drunk driving accident
7/7/2012 - A South Carolina mother has had to cover the costs associated with cleanup after an undocumented immigrant living in the area struck and killed her son while driving drunk. WYFF4.com in Greenville reports that Loretta Robinson was billed for the towing and storage of her son Justin's car, as well as...
TSA agent commits felony by pretending to be police officer, harassing woman for driving too slow
8/5/2011 - Angry that a woman was driving a few miles below the speed limit, Donald Eichler, a 63-year-old US Transportation Security Administration (TSA) agent from Connecticut, decided to drive dangerously close to her, and pull out his TSA badge while off duty and pretend to be a police officer in order to...
Many drivers are literally asleep behind the wheel, study finds
11/10/2010 - A new study released by the AAA Foundation for Traffic Safety has found that nearly half of all drivers have dozed off or fallen asleep while driving at least once in their lives. In fact, according to the data, most drivers that are not under the influence of alcohol or narcotics, speeding, texting,...
Texting, talking while driving kills thousands every year
10/17/2010 - A new study published in the American Journal of Public Health is one of the first of its kind to analyze the effects of driving while talking on a mobile phone or "texting". According to the findings, roughly 16,000 people died between 2001 and 2007 due to mobile phone-related traffic accidents. "Our...
Driving While Medicated: 72 Percent of Older Drivers Have No Idea Their Meds Impair Driving
2/2/2010 - Even though the vast majority of elderly drivers use one or more medications, few of them area aware of the effects that their drugs can have on driving performance, according to a study conducted by researchers from the University of Alabama-Birmingham and released as a report by the nonprofit AAA...
Eating Beef More Destructive to Environment than Driving a Car
12/18/2007 - The environmental footprint of producing just over two pounds of beef is greater than that of driving a car for three hours, according to a Japanese study reported on "New Scientist." A research team led by Akifumi Ogino of the National Institute of Livestock and Grassland Science in Tsukuba, Japan...
Ambien sleeping pills linked to bizarre sleep walking behavior, including unconscious driving of vehicles and wild hallucinations
6/8/2006 - Abdul Rahman Al-Rashed: "So do you use sleeping tablets to organize yourself?" Colin Powell: "Yes. Well, I wouldn't call them that. They're a wonderful medication -- not medication. How would you call it? They're called Ambien, which is very good. You don't use Ambien? Everybody here uses Ambien." --...
Driving with a cell phone is a lot less dangerous than driving on prescription drugs
5/28/2005 - There's a lot of debate today about the safety of using cell phones while driving. Statistics show that those who use cell phones while driving cause a much greater percentage of accidents than those who avoid using their cell phones. And the studies have shown that it's not just the physical coordination...
Automobile black boxes nail speeders and dangerous drivers by recording speeds and driving habits
7/22/2004 - Although I remain a strong supporter of personal privacy, I believe that black box technology in automobiles is an excellent idea that should be used in the United States, too. Why? Because there are far too many dangerous drivers who know they can get away with unsafe driving habits simply because...
Actual gas mileage of hybrid vehicles varies greatly with driving habits
5/24/2004 6:40:24 AM - Experience is showing that the actual gas mileage achieved by hybrid vehicles like the Toyota Prius depends strongly on the driving habits of their owners. The big culprits? Speeding (over 70mph), hard braking and hard acceleration. In other words, if you're trying to drive your Prius like a...
Emerging technology is not the answer to the world's social and economic problems
Breakthrough Food Technology Process Protects Foods With Thin Film Made From Natural Ingredients; Replaces Plastic Wrap
When technology becomes religion and science becomes God
Artificial Intelligence 'more dangerous than nukes,' warns technology pioneer Elon Musk
Automobiles:
Hackers can seize control of automobiles and make them crash on command
Why weight loss requires strength training, even in women and seniors
Car:
How Acetyl-L-Carnitine prevents Alzheimer's disease and dementia while boosting brain function
New LED lighting technology embraced by consumers, Total Cost of Ownership saves money over incandescent, fluorescent bulbs
How food companies fool consumers with food coloring ingredients made from petrochemicals
Review: The Future of Food, a must-see documentary that exposes the biotech threat to life on our planet
The big lie of genetics exposed: human DNA incapable of storing complete blueprint of the human form
Why is East Texas home of all the patent troll parasites?
Hybrid vehicles:
V2G technology allows hybrid vehicles to feed electricity into city power grids
Fuel cell:
Tiny fuel cell might replace batteries in laptop computers, portable electronics (press release)
Red alert for humanity: Chemical damage can be inherited by offspring through unlimited generations
Human medical experimentation in the United States: The shocking true history of modern medicine and psychiatry (1965-2005)
Top Superfood Formulator Living Fuel Earns NaturalNews Recommendation for "Living Fuel Rx" Product Line
Concepts related to Driving
technology body language vehicle technology future vehicles automobiles road rage car industry traffic jams Japan emotions emotion WHO body car communication lights color future anger software human patent renewable energy hybrid vehicles fuel cell hybrid cars generation alternative power fuel cell vehicles electrical grid power stations electricity generation hybrids research fuel electricity power cars green Florida transportation
View driving on NaturalPedia™
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Breakfast Buzz
Your morning dose of need-to-know news, weather and more.
New Jersey Officials Ask Port Authority to Rethink PATH Service Cuts
Published Jan 5, 2015 at 6:18 AM | Updated at 9:04 AM EST on Jan 5, 2015
Several New Jersey lawmakers will ask the Port Authority to rethink a recent proposal to eliminate overnight PATH service at news conference Monday.
The Port Authority suggested last month terminating PATH service between 1 and 5 a.m. on weeknights and possibly on weekends due to low ridership at those times.
But elected officials and labor advocates say the proposed weeknight service cuts would affect roughly 390,000 riders annually and hundreds of thousands more if weekend overnight service were cut. They say the PATH users at those hours are mostly working-class residents who use the PATH to get to and from their jobs.
The Port Authority says the cuts would save the agency $10 million a year.
Hedge Fund Founder Shot, Killed in NYC Apartment
The elected official will speak at 2 p.m. at the Grove Street PATH Plaza in Jersey City.
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N Engl J Med. 2000 Nov 30;343(22):1594-602.
Infliximab and methotrexate in the treatment of rheumatoid arthritis. Anti-Tumor Necrosis Factor Trial in Rheumatoid Arthritis with Concomitant Therapy Study Group.
Lipsky PE1, van der Heijde DM, St Clair EW, Furst DE, Breedveld FC, Kalden JR, Smolen JS, Weisman M, Emery P, Feldmann M, Harriman GR, Maini RN; Anti-Tumor Necrosis Factor Trial in Rheumatoid Arthritis with Concomitant Therapy Study Group.
University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center at Dallas, USA. lipskyp@mail.nih.gov
Neutralization of tumor necrosis factor a (TNF-alpha) for three to six months reduces the symptoms and signs of rheumatoid arthritis. However, the capacity of this approach to effect a more sustained benefit and its effect on joint damage are not known.
We treated 428 patients who had active rheumatoid arthritis despite methotrexate therapy with placebo or infliximab, a chimeric monoclonal antibody against TNF-alpha, in intravenous doses of 3 or 10 mg per kilogram of body weight every 4 or 8 weeks in combination with oral methotrexate for 54 weeks. We assessed clinical responses with use of the criteria of the American College of Rheumatology, the quality of life with a health-status questionnaire, and the effect on joint damage radiographically.
The combination of infliximab and methotrexate was well tolerated and resulted in a sustained reduction in the symptoms and signs of rheumatoid arthritis that was significantly greater than the reduction associated with methotrexate therapy alone (clinical response, 51.8 percent vs. 17.0 percent; P<0.001). The quality of life was also significantly better with infliximab plus methotrexate than with methotrexate alone. Radiographic evidence of joint damage increased in the group given methotrexate, but not in the groups given infliximab and methotrexate (mean change in radiographic score, 7.0 vs. 0.6, P<0.001). Radiographic evidence of progression of joint damage was absent in infliximab-treated patients whether or not they had a clinical response.
In patients with persistently active rheumatoid arthritis despite methotrexate therapy, repeated doses of infliximab in combination with methotrexate provided clinical benefit and halted the progression of joint damage.
ACP J Club. 2001 Jul-Aug;135(1):3.
Biologic therapy for rheumatoid arthritis. [N Engl J Med. 2000]
10.1056/NEJM200011303432202
Multicenter Study
Antibodies, Monoclonal/adverse effects
Antibodies, Monoclonal/therapeutic use*
Antirheumatic Agents/adverse effects
Antirheumatic Agents/therapeutic use*
Arthritis, Rheumatoid/diagnostic imaging
Arthritis, Rheumatoid/drug therapy*
Arthritis, Rheumatoid/pathology
Arthritis, Rheumatoid/physiopathology
Disease Progression
Drug Therapy, Combination
Infliximab
Injections, Intravenous
Joints/pathology
Methotrexate/adverse effects
Methotrexate/therapeutic use*
Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha/antagonists & inhibitors*
Atypon - PDF
Arthritis - Genetic Alliance
Rheumatoid arthritis - Genetic Alliance
Rheumatoid Arthritis - MedlinePlus Health Information
A Placebo-Controlled, Double-Blinded, Randomized Clinical Trial of Anti-TNF Chimeric Monoclonal Antibody (cA2) in Patients With Active Rheumatoid Arthritis Despite Methotrexate Treatment - The YODA Project
METHOTREXATE - Hazardous Substances Data Bank
Infliximab - Hazardous Substances Data Bank
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Ecohealth. 2009 Dec;6(4):522-39. doi: 10.1007/s10393-009-0263-8. Epub 2010 Jan 5.
Correlates of viral richness in bats (order Chiroptera).
Turmelle AS1, Olival KJ.
Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, University of Tennessee, Knoxville, TN 37996, USA. ATurmelle@cdc.gov
Historic and contemporary host ecology and evolutionary dynamics have profound impacts on viral diversity, virulence, and associated disease emergence. Bats have been recognized as reservoirs for several emerging viral pathogens, and are unique among mammals in their vagility, potential for long-distance dispersal, and often very large, colonial populations. We investigate the relative influences of host ecology and population genetic structure for predictions of viral richness in relevant reservoir species. We test the hypothesis that host geographic range area, distribution, population genetic structure, migratory behavior, International Union for Conservation of Nature and Natural Resources (IUCN) threat status, body mass, and colony size, are associated with known viral richness in bats. We analyze host traits and viral richness in a generalized linear regression model framework, and include a correction for sampling effort and phylogeny. We find evidence that sampling effort, IUCN status, and population genetic structure correlate with observed viral species richness in bats, and that these associations are independent of phylogeny. This study is an important first step in understanding the mechanisms that promote viral richness in reservoir species, and may aid in predicting the emergence of viral zoonoses from bats.
Chiroptera/virology*
Communicable Diseases, Emerging/virology*
Host-Pathogen Interactions
R01-TW05869/TW/FIC NIH HHS/United States
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Serving Northern Nevada
Best of Carson City
Lahontan Valley
Phelps hits celebrity golf scene
Sports | July 19, 2013
Becky Regan
bregan@tahoedailytribune.com
Olympic gold-medal swimmer Michael Phelps talks about his approaching American Century Championship debut during a press conference Thursday at Edgewood Tahoe Golf Course.
Becky Regan / Tahoe Daily Tribune |
STATELINE — Michael Phelps is taking a realistic approach to his first celebrity golf appearance.
The 18-time Olympic gold medalist doesn’t expect his new golf career to mirror what he accomplished in the swimming pool. He doesn’t expect to be among the tournament’s elite, not this year at least. He’s not even sure if he should be considered an amateur or a pro, but he’s put in about one year of practice, an estimated 20,000 strokes, so he plans to enjoy the next three days.
Phelps arrived on the celebrity golf scene Thursday. He was a little tired from the ESPYs, but ready to log his first round of practice at Edgewood Tahoe Golf Course before the 24th annual American Century Championship tees off today. And despite being outside his usual competitive playing field, or pool, Phelps looked at home on the golf course.
It wasn’t always that way.
“I was looking at the Golf Digest showing my before and after swing. It’s literally night and day,” Phelps said. “I would just go out and hack around, and now it’s like — I wouldn’t say it’s like super consistent, but I do know how to hit all different kinds of shots and that’s something that Hank taught me.”
Hank Haney, Tiger Woods’ ex-swing coach, is the man behind Phelps’ improvement. He helped Phelps go from scoring somewhere in the 110s to somewhere in the 80s. Not too shabby for one year’s time. The improvement, however, did take some humility. Going from the best in the world to a beginner is a feeling that Phelps isn’t used to.
“It’s brutal,” Phelps said. “I don’t understand how it can be that hard to hit this little tiny white ball and hit it straight every time. But it just doesn’t happen for me.”
Phelps usually picks up new sports immediately, but golf was a different story.
“When I was with Hank on the Haney Project for six months, we must have hit almost 20,000 balls, and I still have calluses and blisters and am taping up the hands almost every day,” Phelps said. “But those are the things for me to be able to really learn how to play this sport.”
Now Phelps feels confident about every club. Well, truth be told, every club except the driver. His athletic goal is modest for an Olympic champion. Phelps would like to become a low-handicap golfer.
“For me to do that it’s going to take a lot of time and it’s going to take a lot of frustration, but I’m going to stay with it,” Phelps said. “I just love being able to be outside.”
Being outside and enjoying a change of scenery is one of golf’s biggest draws for Phelps. Believe it or not, swimming laps can get a bit repetitious.
“If you replay a course, the same hole possibly could not even be able to played the same exact same way you played it before. I think that’s something that’s pretty neat about the sport, because for me, in a swimming pool, I saw a black line on the bottom and I saw like 78-degree water and lane lines. There’s really not much you can change,” Phelps said.
The crowds are easier to see out of the water, however, and there will be a different kind of nerves to contend with today. Phelps has already gotten a taste of those nerves while playing in tournaments with thousands of spectators this summer.
“Going out there in front of thousands and thousands of people, I was so nervous I couldn’t put a tee in the ground,” Phelps said. “I had to take a 3-wood, crank the tee and put the ball on top so my hands weren’t shaking so much.”
But it was a good to get the nerves out of the way, and now the swimming champion feels ready to show the ACC crowd what he’s got on the golf course.
“Hank, he wanted me to play in it last year. I wasn’t ready for it last year,” Phelps said. “And after working together with him, finishing the show, I think he just feels like he has confidence. And they asked and I said, ‘yes, I would love to go to Tahoe.’ I’ve heard so many great stories about it.”
But don’t hold your breath on seeing Phelps slicing through the Lake Tahoe waters while he’s in town.
“I assume it’s probably going to be a little chilly. So it probably means I’m not going out there, but who knows?” Phelps said.
The only way Phelps is going in the water is if he hits his ball there on the notorious Hole 17.
“Should I bring the Speedo down?” Phelps joked.
Fallon riders qualify for national rodeo finals
Joe Santoro: Can 2019 – 20 Nevada Wolf Pack pack Lawlor Events Center?
Tony Romo expands lead, takes command at American Century Championship celebrity golf tournament
Roger Diez: Weather playing big role in NASCAR season
Defending champ Romo gets hot late, leads after 1st round at ACC
Newsletters – Lahonton Valley News
Nevada Appeal E-Edition
Lahontan Valley E-Edition
Gardnerville-Nevada
Grass Valley-California
Sierra Sun
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News Summary: 20 October 2016, Buhari Meets Released Chibok Girls
Buhari, Network, News, Uncategorized
NTA News Summary
NTA News Summary: 19TH October, 2016
Obasanjo Agriculture Path Way Out Of Recession
Nigeria’s former President Olusegun Obasanjo says agriculture is the way to go in getting the country out of recession, hence the need for the present government to keep faith with its promise of diversifying the economy through agriculture.
He made this submission at the 20th Annual Development Forum Organized by the Lift Above Poverty Organisation (LAPO) in Abuja.
Public Lecture On Leadership
“Democracy is a self-redefining process where the onus is on individuals to know the function of those placed in positions to head different posts especially in polities so as the be able to hold them accountable and ensure an effective collective involvement in leadership”.
This was the view point of speakers at the Reachout Nigeria Public Lecture titled “Leadership: A collective responsibility held at NAF International Conference Centre, Kado – Abuja.
The Need For Free Education For All – UNICEF
The need for every child particularly the female child to have access to free education from primary to secondary levels has been reechoed, this was at a National consciousness and advocacy meeting organised by UNICEF as part of the 2016 International Day of the Girl child in Abuja.
US Envoy Promises Continues Support To North-East
Visiting United States Deputy Secretary, African Affairs Bureau Peter Barlerin says the US will continue to provide food and psychosocial support to victims of Boko Haram insurgency in the North East.
Mr. Barlerin interacted with the press at the United states Embassy, Abuja.
Reps To Investigate FERMA Fund Utilization
The House of Representatives is to investigate the Utilization of the Federal Road Maintenance Agency FERMA from 2015 to date.
Also at Wednesday’s Plenary members urged the Federal Government to intensify security in Southern Kaduna so as to put a stop to the incessant attacks on the communities by unknown gun men.
National Assembly correspondent Ignatius Nkwoh has more.
President Buhari Meets Released Chibok Girls
President Muhammadu Buhari has promised that his administration will spare no efforts until all the remaining Chibok School Girls and others in captivity are freed safely and integrated back to the society.
Receiving 21 girls recently released by the Boko Haram Insurgents, the President announced.
Government’s formal takeover of their personal, Educational and Professional ambitions in life.
WRPC Commission’s Road In Ifi-Ekporo
The people of Ifi-ekporo Community in Warri South local Government Area of Delta State now have 200 metre asphalted road courtesy of the Warri refining and Petrochemical Company WRPC.Tessy Coker reports that it is another milestone recorded by the host Community.
Technologists Fabricate Machine For Rice Farming
Technologists at the Federal Institute of Industrial Research Oshodi, Lagos have fabricated a machine that has the capacity to separate stones from tones of rice in a matter of hours.
This is expected to boost the quality of local rice in Nigeria and stimulate consumption. Abdullahi Mohammed reports.
NUJ Calls for Re-investigation Into Dele Giwa’s Death
Thirty years after the brutal murder of Nigerian Journalist, Editor and founder of Newswatch Magazine, Dele Giwa, men of the pen Profession are calling for a revisit of the investigation into his death.
This was at a colloquium in honour of the slain Journalist organized by the Nigerian Union of Journalists in Lagos.
Executive, Legislative Collaborate To Tackle Recession
The Executive and Legislative arms of government will soon come up with a strategic collaboration to tackle the current economic recession. Senate Deputy minority leader, Senator Emmanuel Bwacha gave the assurance while on a three day tour of his constituency in Taraba State.
Reviving Oil Industries
The increasing number of oiling industries in Gombe State has been attributed partially to insurgency and economic difficulties in the Country.
Northern governors In Symposium On Insurgency
Some Northern Governors are in Washington DC, United States to participate in A-3 day Symposium that will examine the policies to counter their Region’s Crises including the Boko Haram Insurgency.
The Governors will meet with Nigerian Civil Society leaders, Conflict Resolution, Experts, Senior U.S officials and Business Executives.
Buhari Mourns Saro-Wiwa Junior
President Muhammadu Buhari extends heartfelt condolences to the Saro-Wiwa family, Rivers
State government and Ogoni Kingdom over the passage of their illustrious son, author, environmental activist and ardent believer in the unity, progress and stability of his Community Ken Saro-Wiwa Junior.
29th Oba of Benin: The Man Eheneden
Benin Kingdom in Edo State is experiencing what could best be described as a new dawn as the new Oba of Benin prepares to ascend the throne, who is this man? Ogochukwuka Onah attempts to find out.
IMF Projects Nigerian Economy As Biggest In Africa
A report in the media has quoted the International Monetary Fund (IMF) as projecting Nigeria as Africa’s biggest economy, in spite of its current challenges.
The IMF report places Nigeria ahead of South Africa and Egypt which are second and third.
In August, Nigeria was reported to have lost its position as Africa’s biggest economy to South Africa, following the recalculation of the Country’s Gross Domestic Product (GDP).
Monarchs Appeal To Labour On Strike
The Traditional Council in Ogun State has appealed to organized labour to shelve its planned strike in the interest of the state.
At a press conference, the Chairman of the state Traditional Council, Oba Kehinde Olugbenle urged the workers not to be influenced by forces.
Iraqi Troops Attempt Retake of Mosul
As Iraqi troops attempt to retake the City of Mosul from the so-called Islamic State, fleeing civilians are said to be passing through dire conditions.
EU Probe On Mars landing
There is growing despair that a European probe which attempted to land on Mars on Wednesday has been lost.
President of DRC Found Guilty
President of the Democratic Republic of Congo Jean –Pierre Bemba found guilty of bribing witnesses at the International criminal court.
ALSO READ: “It Is Time To Experience The Best The World Can Do For You” President Buhari Meets 21 Chibok Girls
Posted by Henry Solomon
Hinatufe Henry Solomon is a graduate of Computer Science, specialist in ICT Support Services. Henry is also proficient in use of most online journalism tools and Social media management. He currently serve as Information Technology Officer with Africa's Largest TV Network.
Chibok girls
Muhammadu Buhari
Nigerian Television Authority
Newer PostAgriculture Is Our Path Way Out Of Recession – Obasanjo
Older PostSMEDAN To Assist Physically Challenged In Nigeria
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Archives|The First Slum in America
The First Slum in America
By KEVIN BAKER SEPT. 30, 2001
The 19th-Century New York City Neighborhood That Invented Tap Dance, Stole Elections, and Became the World's Most Notorious Slum.
By Tyler Anbinder.
Illustrated. 532 pp. New York:
The Free Press. $30.
It is an unvarying rule that wherever New Yorkers see trash, they will throw more of it. About 200 years ago, Lower Manhattan was adorned by a pretty five-acre lake known as the Collect. The first steamboat was tested there. Locals would gather to skate on its ice in the winter and picnic along its shores in the summer.
By the mid-1700's, however, the Collect was already rimmed with slaughterhouses and tanneries. The effusions from these bloody businesses were poured directly into the lake and more industries, more trash, quickly followed. By 1800 the Collect was a reeking cesspool. By 1813 it had been entirely filled in and by 1825 something entirely new stood on the site -- America's first real slum, the Five Points.
No other plot of land would so fire the national imagination in the 19th century. The Five Points would not only define our idea of an urban ghetto, but fix the very terms of how we argue about the poor. Yet such is the rush of American history that it is barely remembered today. As Tyler Anbinder asserts near the beginning of his valuable new history, ''Five Points,'' ''The two most important works on the history of New York published in the 1990's -- The Encyclopedia of New York City and 'Gotham' -- both misidentify something as simple as the streets whose confluence created the five-cornered intersection that gave the neighborhood its name.''
Physically, the Five Points was mostly what we now know as Little Italy, Chinatown and the blocks of monolithic courthouses that seem to anchor Manhattan. Metaphysically, it constituted hallowed ground in the American story, occupied by successive waves of freed slaves and Irish, Italian and Chinese immigrants. With the exception of its more celebrated neighbor, the Lower East Side, no part of the country has been a place of the poor, the immigrant and the aspiring for as long as the Five Points.
That is to say, we loathed it. The Five Points came into being almost at the same moment as America's raucous new penny press, and the newspapers dwelt interminably upon its alleged violence and depravity. Readers were thrilled and repulsed by tales of murder, mayhem and sexual license. By the late 1830's the Five Points was already infamous enough that tourists from around the world made regular ''slumming'' trips; visitors included a Russian grand duke, Davy Crockett, Charles Dickens and Abraham Lincoln. They shivered enjoyably before the countless bars and liquor stores and brazen bordellos; the squalid, lightless tenements and -- most depraved of all! -- the sight of blacks and whites intermingling freely. Like every American slum since, the Five Points became a hobbyhorse for social theorists. Southern politicians blamed race mixing for its depravity. Northern Republicans pointed out that it voted overwhelmingly Democratic. Protestant missionaries scrapped over whether its failings could be attributed to poor living conditions or poor morals -- or to the Roman Catholicism of the Irish immigrants who dominated the area by the 1840's.
Was the Five Points really so bad? Those who know it at all today know it chiefly through ''The Gangs of New York,'' Herbert Asbury's 1928 collection of rollicking, hair-raising (and often fanciful) tales of old New York, or through the superb impressionistic sketches in Luc Sante's ''Low Life.'' Both works have considerable merit, yet neither goes to much trouble to sort out the lore from hard, historical fact.
Anbinder, an associate professor of history at George Washington University, addresses himself to just this question, and the results are always enlightening. Yes, the Five Points was violent and crime-ridden. Yet the neighborhood's murder rates were probably well below what we would expect from a slum today (not least because the residents had very limited access to firearms). Yes, there was plenty of prostitution and public drunkenness. Anbinder quotes an inebriated woman telling a health official who asked her why she drank, ''If you lived in this place you would ask for whiskey instead of milk.'' But most Five Points residents -- like most residents of modern American slums -- seem to have worked like demons, sent everything they could back to their relatives in the old country and, in at least some cases, saved up astonishing amounts of money.
The overwhelming reality of the Five Points, and the one thing that all observers seem to have gotten right, was the misery. The endless drudgery and the low pay. The appalling sanitation and the firetrap tenements. The plagues of cholera, measles, diphtheria and typhus that struck hardest at children and infants.
Still, the Five Points also produced a vibrant popular culture all its own, one that easily lived up to the colorful claims in Anbinder's subtitle. He relates this mostly through a series of vignettes on everything from child street musicians to the notorious Civil War draft riot, from the first Chinese in New York to William Henry Lane, a k a Master Juba, the teenage African-American phenomenon who probably invented tap dancing by combining Irish and African folk traditions.
Most of these stories are fascinating, but each is followed by somewhat more diffuse, academic chapters on subjects like ''Why They Came,'' ''How They Lived,'' ''Vice and Crime.'' At times one longs for Sante's beautifully integrated essays -- or at least a few of Asbury's cheap thrills. Anbinder's research is always prodigious, even if it does cause him occasionally to overreach. He writes that the environs of the Five Points today feature ''overcrowding just as astounding as that found in the Old Brewery in the 1840's. . . . The number of laws enacted to prevent and punish such overcrowding has multiplied . . . but each successive wave of immigrants nonetheless follows the path of its predecessors.'' In fact, as bad as immigrants' living conditions can be today in New York, they do not begin to approach those of the 19th century. One reform that did work was a real commitment by government to building decent public housing -- a commitment that has been more or less abandoned during this conservative era.
None of this, though, subtracts significantly from what is a careful, intelligent and sympathetic history on a neglected subject. ''With its energy, brutality, enterprise, hardship and constant dramas,'' Anbinder writes with typical balance, ''Five Points was an extreme case, yet still a deeply American place.''
A version of this review appears in print on September 30, 2001, on Page 7007017 of the National edition with the headline: The First Slum in America. Today's Paper|Subscribe
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Bears coach hints at QB change
Matt Trowbridge
Lovie Smith changed his tune — and perhaps his quarterback — Monday.
For three years, the Chicago Bears coach has responded to all criticism of the mercurial Rex Grossman by saying “Rex is our quarterback.” He said it again after Sunday night’s 34-10 loss to Dallas. But he added that he wouldn’t evaluate anybody until looking at the video.
After doing so Monday, Smith said he knew which quarterback he planned to start in Detroit this week. “I’m always thinking ahead, yes,” he said at Halas Hall. He would not, though, reveal whether he was sticking with Grossman or switching to 32-year-old backup Brian Griese.
“Will Rex Grossman start Sunday? Our evaluation process is going on right now,” Smith said. “If you come to practice Wednesday, you will have a good idea of who will be starting at all positions.”
Grossman has started 19 consecutive regular-season games, the longest string for a Bears’ quarterback since Erik Kramer started 20 in a row 11 years ago. But he’s the 33rd rated passer in a 32-team league at 45.2. His career passer rating has dropped to 69.1. Griese, a 10-year veteran, has a rating of 84.5 in 72 career starts.
Grossman has thrown a league-high six interceptions this year and the Bears rank 29th in passing yards with an average of 139.3.
“The passing game has to become a bigger part of what we want to do,” Smith said. “We are a running football team, but we have to get better production there.”
Smith had little to say about Sunday’s injuries to Lance Briggs (groin), Nathan Vasher (groin) and Tommie Harris (knee). “All of those injuries we are evaluating right now, whether it’s an MRI or X-Rays or whatever.” Smith did say injuries to Adam Archuleta (hand), Fred Miller (leg) and Ruben Brown (ankle) were minor.
Assistant sports editor Matt Trowbridge can be reached at 815-987-1383 or mtrowbridge@rrstar.com.
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Olivia Attwood insists Love Island 'saved her life' as she opens up on ex Mike Thalassitis' tragic death
OLIVIA Attwood has spoken out on ex Mike Thalassitis’ death.
Alana AndersonDeputy News Editor
Olivia Attwood has spoken out on the tragic death of ex Mike Thalassitis (Image: Getty)
Olivia Attwood has revealed how Love Island "saved her life" and that the show "isn’t the reason" for Mike Thalassitis’ tragic death.
The reality TV star spoke out amid growing pressure on the show for their aftercare in the wake of Mike’s tragic death at the age of 26.
The 27 year old told The Sun: "People are angry and they want someone to blame. Mike was in turmoil and a lot of his problems weren’t to do with Love Island at all."
Olivia Attwood has paid tribute to the Love Island star (Image: ITV)
Mike Thalassitis tragically died at the age of 26
Olivia added that she was on antidepressants before joining the show after having a "really tough time".
"Love Island saved me," she said. "I got a lot of heat in the villa for the way I was but after I came out so many girls said how they related to me.
"I finally found this sense of self-acceptance that I never had before."
Olivia Attwood posted this heartbreaking message following the death of Mike Thalassitis (Image: Olivia Attwood/Instagram)
Despite her fellow Islanders including Jonny Mitchell and Dom Lever hitting out at the show, Olivia insisted that Mike’s tragic death had "nothing to do with the programme's aftercare".
"It isn’t an aftercare situation but a 'before care,'" she said. "You need to be obligated to do a certain amount of therapy before going on Love Island to prepare you."
Love Island have been quick to respond to suggestions about how they can improve, revealing in a statement that they will now be offering therapy, social media training and financial management advice to stars of the show.
Olivia Attwood spoke out on the show's aftercare (Image: Splash)
Bosses will also be checking in on a regular basis on Islanders after the series has wrapped, and reach out to every single islander, not just those who get in touch to ask for help.
If you have been affected by this story, you can call the Samaritans on 116 123 or visit www.samaritans.org.
Olivia Attwood
Mike Thalassitis
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Pregnant Stacey Solomon ‘can’t imagine life’ without her ’everything’ Joe Swash as she gushes over their romance: ‘I’m so in love with him’ – EXCLUSIVE
STACEY Solomon has candidly opened up about her relationship with Joe Swash.
Nicole DouglasSenior Online Showbiz Reporter
Updated 10:11, 3 APR 2019
Stacey Solomon and Joe Swash are happier than ever in their romance (Image: Joe Swash/Instagram)
The Loose Women panellist, 29, only recently confirmed she’s expecting a child with Joe later this year – and has exclusively opened up about the pair’s relationship as they prepare for the big change.
Revealing why they work so well together, Stacey – who is an ambassador for YourGoodSkin – exclusively told OK! online: “We just really are well-suited. He grew up like me, he thinks the same way I do and we both believe in the same things.
Zachary and Leighton are to become big brothers to Stacey's first child with Joe Swash (Image: Instagram/Stacey Solomon)
“He is a really amazing human with great morals and standards, and the type of person that I want to spend my time and life with and that I want to be around my children.
“That’s the special thing, having that in your life. That’s for sure.”
She continued: “It’s weird isn’t it, because when you meet with someone you can’t imagine ever not being with them. I can’t believe he’s ever not been in my life. It’s a really strange feeling.”
Stacey Solomon has gushed over her other half Joe in a candid interview (Image: Getty)
Stacey has two sons, Zachary, 10, and Leighton, six, while Joe is also a dad to a son.
Speaking about how Joe helps her during pregnancy, Stacey added: “He’s always brilliant. He’s just an incredible person to have around – when I’m working if he’s off, he completely takes over no questions asked. I’m really lucky to have that kind of support. He’s everything and more.
“I adore him. I’m so in love with him. In an honest way, every time I’ve had a partner I’ve felt exactly the same. I wouldn’t want to say about the boy’s dads that I didn’t feel that way either… every relationship you’re in, if it’s going really well you feel unbelievable.”
Stacey Solomon is a regular panellist on Loose Women (Image: ITV)
Stacey is currently the ambassador for skincare brand YourGoodSkin, saying she thanks the products for her healthy glow.
“Anything that I ever collaborate with is something I believe in, and I’ve been using YourGoodSkin for quite some time now," she said.
“In my mid-twenties, my skin just had a massive change and wasn’t happy with whatever I was doing – which wasn’t much to be fair. I knew I had to start looking after it and treating it with the respect it deserves!
Stacey Solomon said Joe Swash is her 'everything' (Image: Stacey Solomon/ Instagram)
Stacey Solomon's favourite product is the YourGoodSkin Balancing Skin Concentrate (Image: YourGoodSkin)
“I started using YourGoodSkin as it was cheaper than most skincare brands and it works. My favourite product is the YourGoodSkin Balancing Skin Concentrate – I use it every day, it’s light and seems to soak in without feeling like it’s blocking my pores.”
YourGoodSkin is available at Boots and Boots.com.
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Jan 30 2017 January 30, 2017 January 30, 2017 8Comments by Administrator
Discussions are underway to develop Trinco Harbor – PM
Government has planned to develop Trincomalee harbor and discussions are being held with the governments of Japan and India, said Prime Minister Ranil Wickremesinghe.
He said that developing the Harbor in Trincomalee will create more job opportunities for the youth from Horowpathana and Anuradhapura areas.
The Prime Minister made these remarks at a meeting with UNP activists in the Anuradhapura district at the Anuradhapura Youth Resort auditorium.
He said that the government expects to develop tourism in the eastern coast. Anuradhapura will also be developed as a center of the Cultural Triangle.
“This is the last chance for the youth of the country as well as to develop the country. That is why we invite everyone to join us to bring the country forward without any division”, the Premier said.
“I have not forgotten the difficulties suffered by the UNPers. We should assist them. They should be given jobs. I have already instructed the General Secretary of the Party Minister Kabir Hashim to first look into the party supporters who suffered revenge. Those who are to begin small enterprises should be given loans. Number of youth should be given job training”, he added.
PM Wickremesinghe further said that nobody would be allowed to disrupt these programs carried out by the Party and he had instructed the Chairman of UNP to begin the re-organization of the party. “The development of the country and the National harmony should be protected”, urged the Premier.
(Government News Portal)
8 Responses to Discussions are underway to develop Trinco Harbor – PM
Thuleepan Somasundaram says:
Is this an effort to sell a part of a future Tamil Ealam?
Ranjith says:
Wha tTamil sh*t Ealam? keep dreaming you d**k head.
Amarakoon says:
Interesting! SINHALE and EELAM can cohabit no problem Mr. TS.
Mr Amarakoon there is no place or state and there will be no such a place or state called Eelam. So don’t talk about Eelam and do not mention that dirty word Ealam any more.
My dear Ranjith, But there is never never land” and Disney Land isn’t it?
Appreciate Amarakoon’s comments; extremely broadminded and intellectually superior. Wish more Sinhala and Tamils including leaders have the thinking capacity of Mr Amarakoon.
As Mr Amarakoon says, “SINHALE and EELAM can cohabit”; a big YES, of course.
They can cohabit when they, the Sinhala and the Tamils, begin to recognise and respect each others right to exist and self-determine.
We can then be a happy family in Sri Lanka.
Mr Thuleepan Somasundaram. We do respect good honest law obedient Tamil people. If you don’t take weapons against us we don’t take weapons against you all. It is simply as that.
Dear Mr Amarakoon. But there will be a paradise call Sri Lanka according to your prime minister.
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Knowing Our History and Culture Helps Us Build a Sense of Pride
By Eleanor Kelly
The 2nd Roma Pride Summer Camp for young Roma from Central and Eastern Europe at Szentendre Island near Budapest, Hungary. A participant looks at their version of the Romani flag, the international flag of Roma people. The flag was created by the General Union of the Roma of Romania in 1933, and approved by international representatives at the First World Romani Congress in 1971, held in London, United Kingdom. The flag consists of a background of blue and green, representing the heavens and earth. The flag also contains a 16-spoke red chakra, or spoked wheel, in the center, representing movement and progress. © Bjoern Steinz/Panos Pictures for the Open Society Foundations
Evaluation meeting of the Barvalipe participants and their supervisors. Many participants expressed the desire to share what they had learned at Barvalipe with Roma and non-Roma in their home country: “Now I can disseminate more information about Roma culture and history than before; I can help people to recognize easier the Roma identity without fear and shame.” © Bjoern Steinz/Panos Pictures for the Open Society Foundations
Three participants discuss their experience at Barvalipe during the evaluation. Reflecting on the journey they had taken since the start of Barvalipe, one participant shared, “I must confess that I had some stereotypes about Roma and sometimes I felt shy to declare myself Roma but now I feel stronger, here I learned to not be ashamed of it. The most important for me was that I met young Roma people who are educated, intelligent and made me proud. I never felt proud of being Roma but now I changed my opinion. For the first time in my life I can say ‘I’m Roma’ and I’m not ashamed for this. Barvalipe has a big influence on me.” © Bjoern Steinz/Panos Pictures for the Open Society Foundations
A participant reflects on the connections they have made at Barvalipe. For many, the opportunity Barvalipe offers to meet like-minded young Roma, share experiences and build solidarity, is a highlight: “The most powerful aspect of the camp was that I got to know many good people committed to the same purpose from the same region.” © Bjoern Steinz/Panos Pictures for the Open Society Foundations
For some participants, the challenges they confront at Barvalipe can be difficult: “I had a hard time but at the end I can say that I am more sure about my Roma identity and I really do not struggle so much about it.” © Bjoern Steinz/Panos Pictures for the Open Society Foundations
Participants relax at the end of their evaluation session. Among suggestions for future additions to Barvalipe, one participant recommended, “I would like to hear more about the future Roma movement in different countries, to discuss more about this idea and to learn from others.” Another reflected, “I wanted to learn more about how we can organize ourself, and we need more time for this session.” © Bjoern Steinz/Panos Pictures for the Open Society Foundations
Participants working at the identity tent. A crucial part of Barvalipe is allowing participants to explore their Roma identity and build a sense of Roma pride. One participant summed up that after her experience at Barvalipe, “I will be able to go in my community and tell that I am a Roma woman and convince other Roma people to fight for their rights and for a better life.” © Bjoern Steinz/Panos Pictures for the Open Society Foundations
A group of Roma children from Macedonia rehearsing for their evening surprise performance. While culture and tradition plays an important role in Barvalipe, participants also learn about Roma economics, politics, and community organization—issues often marginalized in the Roma debate. © Bjoern Steinz/Panos Pictures for the Open Society Foundations
Participants playing their evening performance, Roma Congress. The first World Romani Congress was organized in 1971 in Orpington near London and was attended by 23 representatives from nine nations (Czechoslovakia, Finland, Norway, France, Great Britain, Germany, Hungary, Ireland, Spain, and Yugoslavia) and observers from Belgium, Canada, India, and the United States. At the congress, the green and blue flag from the 1933 conference of the General Association of the Gypsies of Romania, embellished with the red, 16-spoked chakra, was reaffirmed as the national emblem of the Roma people, and the song “Gelem, Gelem” was adopted as the Roma anthem. © Bjoern Steinz/Panos Pictures for the Open Society Foundations
A group of Roma children from Macedonia performing their surprise evening play for the participants. “To be Roma, it means to be different,” reflected one participant when asked what Roma pride was. “You will be discriminated against but this makes you stronger and do not give up; Roma pride means to accept your identity and to be proud of your culture, history, and unique language.” © Bjoern Steinz/Panos Pictures for the Open Society Foundations
A group of Roma children from Macedonia performing their surprise evening play for the participants. Many participants were enthusiastic about sharing the knowledge they had gained at Barvalipe: “I will organize a workshop with at least 10 young Roma where I will share the information on Romani language and culture.” © Bjoern Steinz/Panos Pictures for the Open Society Foundations
Participants celebrating after playing their evening performance Roma Congress. Barvalipe is an opportunity to build close ties between Roma activists and future leaders. “I really felt myself like I was with my family,” one participant summed up. © Bjoern Steinz/Panos Pictures for the Open Society Foundations
Group photograph of the camp participants at the beginning of the final evening celebration. The majority of participants committed to returning to Barvalipe next year as volunteers to share their knowledge and experience, and help any way they can with 2013’s participants. © Bjoern Steinz/Panos Pictures for the Open Society Foundations
Understanding who we are is maybe one of life’s biggest questions. For young Roma who can face prejudice and stigma, feel shame and inferiority or are unaware of the depth of their culture and history, answering this question is not easy. In July this year, the second ever Barvalipe Roma Summer camp took place in Hungary. Young Roma between the age of 18 and 30 years old from Spain, Romania, Macedonia, Turkey, Hungary, Czech Republic, Bulgaria, Kosovo and Albania came to take part.
Barvalipe is about building Roma identity; Barvalipe is encouraging commitment by Roma for Roma; Barvalipe is learning Roma history and language; Barvalipe is forging ties between tomorrow’s Roma leaders; Barvalipe is nurturing civic duty and social responsibility; Barvalipe is discovering Roma achievements and role models. Barvalipe is Roma pride.
In this interview, Albert Memeti, originally from a village near Tetovo in north-western Macedonia and soon beginning a Masters in Economic Policy in Global Markets in the Central European University in Budapest, discusses his experience at Barvalipe.
What did you expect from Barvalipe?
I hoped myself and the other Roma participants could overcome our own stereotypes about ourselves. I’m from Macedonia, and there we have built a strong identity, we declare ourselves openly as Roma, we have good laws, well institutionalized programs for Roma, we identify as Roma. And yet we have our own stereotypes about other Roma; someone who is half Roma for example, or Roma from a different religion.
My motivation in coming here was to show other groups that we have to first get rid of the stereotypes amongst ourselves, to build stronger relations among us. Only then can we educate other non–Roma and show them who the Roma really are, to put forward our own “image” rather than let others speak for us or about us. Every human being is viewed through the prism of stereotypes; Roma are not immune from doing this as well, consciously or subconsciously.
A sense of unity amongst Roma in Europe is so important. At Barvalipe we have Roma people from Albania, Romania, Spain, Turkey, Macedonia and many other countries. Here we are 30 different characters speaking about Roma. Now at the end of Barvalipe we are the same 30 different people but speaking with one voice.
I am proud to be Roma, and I think that each of us now is richer with one new chapter to his or her identity.
What has been your most memorable part of Barvalipe so far?
Our trip to Auschwitz has been the most memorable part so far. I was taught about Auschwitz in history, I read about it, almost like it was a story. But when I was there and I saw it with my eyes, I was conflicted. In the field of history, I was so proud I had learned about the history of Macedonia and world history. But I never had the opportunity to learn about Roma history because in the official history sections, Roma are not mentioned at all.
Coming here to Barvalipe and visiting Auschwitz, I learned a new chapter of Roma history. This chapter might be the most important one because it seems that the history of Roma could be repeated again. Not so many people know about the Roma holocaust during World War II. It’s our responsibility to teach our younger generation and others about Auschwitz.
Going to Auschwitz is not just to know who you are but to feel who you are and what happened to Roma; it’s not about the knowledge, it’s about the feeling and what we must do so that history is not repeated.
Why is it important to know about your history and culture?
One of the most important things is coming here and hearing about our history, our language and our roots; because getting to know yourself means you start to discover new things; you realize who you really are. You realize that Roma have a rich history, rich culture, “barvale” (rich in Romanes) Roma role models who guide us. Knowing our history and culture helps us construct our identity and build a sense of pride around being part of the Roma nation. It gives us an opportunity to speak in one language and to have one vision about our future.
How will you use this experience at Barvalipe in the future?
What will we do after these ten days? We must take responsibility for the next generation who don’t know about Roma history, Roma language, culture; responsibility not just to educate ourselves but to organize ourselves in making our own history and future. This experience here will guide me to the future path of my career and help me lend a hand to others in understanding what Romanipen means to them, in educating them and helping them in their future plans.
In the end, who are you if you don’t know anything about where you come from, about your origins, your family, your language, your own culture? In some cases, when others try to assimilate us or when we “integrate” too much into mainstream society we lose these unique elements. We should be open to learning about these elements of our identity, building on them and ending any shame about being Roma.
I want to spread a message for Roma all around the world. Maybe you are half Roma or 100% or 20% Roma but in the end, it’s not really important; it’s important that you are Roma and you make an individual choice to affirm that. Barvalipe needs to happen around the world, so that people can shout in the streets, “I’m proud to be Roma.”
In the end, who are you if you don’t know anything about where you come from, about your origins, your family, your language, your own culture?
A sense of unity amongst Roma in Europe is so important.
Eleanor Kelly
Eleanor Kelly is the regional head of communications for the Open Society Foundations.
Barvalipe: Building Roma Pride
For ten days this past August in Budapest, young Roma came together to learn about their culture, history, and achievements, and ultimately to build a sense of civic duty and social responsibility.
September 28, 2011 | Violeta Naydenova
Inclusive Entertainment
Q&A: A Media Haven for Europe’s LGBTI Roma
Open Society Youth Fellow Laszlo Farkas is building a media company where his community can feel recognized—and welcome.
A Decade of Progress
Celebrating 10 Years of Investing in Roma Health
First established in 2008, the Roma Health Scholarships Program was intended to support young Roma trying to ensure their communities got the health care they deserved. More than a decade later, there’s no doubt it worked.
April 08, 2019 | Merziha Idrizi
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Expertos de la ONU piden que Julian Assange pueda salir de la embajada de Ecuador en Londres sin ser detenido
ONU aboga porque Assange salga de embajada sin ser detenido
Un grupo de relatores de la Organización de Naciones Unidas (ONU) instó este viernes a Reino Unido a que permita que el fundador de WikiLeaks, Julian Assange, pueda abandonar la Embajada de Ecuador en Londres sin temor a ser apresado o extraditado a Estados Unidos (EE.UU.).
Indican que el periodista australiano que lleva seis años asilado en la Embajada ya pagó un “alto precio por ejercer pacíficamente sus derechos a la libertad de opinión, expresión e información, por promover el derecho a la verdad en el interés público”, y exigen que este pueda recuperar su libertad.
Los expertos de la ONU señalan que es muy “comprensible que a los Estados que se basan y promueven el estado de derecho no les guste enfrentarse a sus propias violaciones de la ley. Pero cuando admiten honestamente estas violaciones, se ganan un mayor respeto al hacerlo y dan ejemplos para todo el mundo”.
Señalan que Reino Unido ratificó el Pacto Internacional de Derechos Civiles y Políticos (Pidcp) y que, por tal razón, debe cumplir con el mismo, siempre respetando “sus disposiciones en todos los casos”.
También dicen que Assange se encuentra detenido de manera arbitraria, tal como fue constatado por expertos de la ONU en 2015.
“Según el Derecho Internacional, la detención preventiva solo debe imponerse en situaciones concretas. La detención durante investigaciones debe ser aún más limitada, especialmente en ausencia de cargos”, agregan en el documento difundido por la página de filtraciones.
Apuntan que la reclusión de Assange perjudica su salud y podría poner en peligro su vida, debido a la cantidad desproporcionada de ansiedad y estrés que conlleva una privación de libertad tan prolongada.
UN experts urge UK to honour rights obligations and let Mr. Julian Assange leave Ecuador embassy in London freely
GENEVA (21 December 2018) – UN human rights experts today repeated a demand that the UK abides by its international obligations and immediately allows Wikileaks founder Julian Assange to walk free from the Ecuadorian embassy in London where he has been for over 6 years, fearing arrest by British authorities if he leaves, and extradition to the US.
“States that are based upon and promote the rule of law do not like to be confronted with their own violations of the law, that is understandable. But when they honestly admit these violations, they do honour the very spirit of the rule of law, earn enhanced respect for doing so, and set worldwide commendable examples,” the United Nations Working Group on Arbitrary Detention (WGAD) said.
In December 2015, the Working Group concluded in its opinion No. 54/2015 that Mr. Assange – who at the time had a European arrest warrant issued against him for an allegation of crimes committed in Sweden ‑ was being arbitrarily deprived of his freedom and demanded that he be released.
“Under international law, pre-trial detention must be only imposed in limited instances. Detention during investigations must be even more limited, especially in the absence of any charge” said the experts. “The Swedish investigations have been closed for over 18 months now, and the only ground remaining for Mr. Assange’s continued deprivation of liberty is a bail violation in the UK, which is, objectively, a minor offense that cannot post facto justify the more than 6 years confinement that he has been subjected to since he sought asylum in the Embassy of Ecuador. Mr. Assange should be able to exercise his right to freedom of movement in an unhindered manner, in accordance with the human rights conventions the UK has ratified,” the experts further said
The WGAD is further concerned that the modalities of the continued arbitrary deprivation of liberty of Mr. Assange is undermining his health, and may possible endanger his life given the disproportionate amount of anxiety and stress that such prolonged deprivation of liberty entails.
“The United Kingdom has ratified the International Covenant on Civil and Political Rights (ICCPR) and has a responsibility to honour its commitment, by respecting its provisions in all cases,” the experts said.
“As the High Commissioner for human rights said several years ago, human rights treaty law is binding law, it is not discretionary law. It is not some passing fancy that a state can apply sometimes and not in the other,” the experts recalled.
“In addition, the recommendations of the WGAD Opinions are expected to be implemented by all States, including those which have not been a party in the case concerning Mr. Assange,” said the experts.
“On 10 December, the world celebrated International Human Rights Day. Seventy years ago, on that very day, the United Nations proclaimed the Universal Declaration of Human Rights, the mother of all rights contained in subsequent conventions, including the ICCPR.
“It is time that Mr. Assange, who has already paid a high price for peacefully exercising his rights to freedom of opinion, expression and information, and to promote the right to truth in the public interest, recovers his freedom,” the experts concluded.
This statement by the United Nations Working Group on Arbitrary Detention is endorsed by the United Nations Special Rapporteur on the situation of human rights defenders, Mr. Michel Forst.
Background: Mr. Assange, a computer programmer and freedom of expression and information advocate, is the founder of Wikileaks, created to enable whistle-blowers to make public information they deem should be known in the public interest.
Mr. Assange was arrested on 7 December 2010 in the United Kingdom, pursuant to a European Arrest Warrant issued against him after he was accused of sexual misconduct in Sweden. That accusation has not been substantiated and after he was interrogated in London the Swedish Prosecutor decided in 2017 not to pursue the investigation.
Mr. Assange has been de facto arbitrarily deprived of his liberty since 2012 without charge or trial. He was first detained on remand and in isolation for 10 days in a prison in London; he then spent 550 days on bail terms constituting house arrest, pending his appeal before the UK’s Supreme Court against his extradition to Sweden. When the Supreme Court upheld the extradition decision, he sought political asylum in the Embassy of Ecuador on 16 August 2012, citing fears of being extradited from Sweden to the USA. He claimed that he had reasonable grounds to believe that should he be extradited to the USA, he would face trial for having published, through Wikileaks, thousands of US classified diplomatic cables and documents. Ecuador granted him political asylum and later Ecuadorian citizenship.
The United Kingdom has indicated that Mr. Assange’s fear to be extradited to the USA was unfounded. In April 2017, in his first public speech since becoming head of the CIA, Mr. Michael Pompeo described Wikileaks as a “hostile intelligence service” which claimed to act in the name of the defence of freedom of expression, freedom of information and privacy. The same month, the US Attorney General stated that it was a US priority to arrest and detain Julian Assange. On 15 November 2018, evidence emerged that the US Department of Justice was preparing an indictment against him but the charges have remained classified.
As a result of the Swedish Prosecutor’s decision not to pursue the investigation against Mr. Assange, the European Arrest Warrant against him was nullified. The remaining ground for arresting him is his violation of the terms of the bail in 2012, when he walked to the embassy of Ecuador to seek political asylum. The terms of bail included reporting daily to the local police station.
The UK authorities have made it clear that should he leave the Ecuadorian Embassy he would be arrested. An arrest warrant has been issued against Mr. Assange by a British court, and police have been assigned since 2012 to stand-by 24/7 at the embassy gate to arrest Mr. Assange should he exit the diplomatic premises.
* The experts: Mr. Seong-Phil Hong, Chair-Rapporteur of the Working Group on Arbitrary Detention; Mr. Michel Forst, Special Rapporteur on the situation of human rights defenders.
Special Rapporteurs are part of what is known as the Special Procedures of the Human Rights Council. Special Procedures, the largest body of independent experts in the UN Human Rights system, is the general name of the Council’s independent fact-finding and monitoring mechanisms that address either specific country situations or thematic issues in all parts of the world. Special Procedures’ experts work on a voluntary basis; they are not UN staff and do not receive a salary for their work. They are independent from any government or organization and serve in their individual capacity.
For media requests please contact Jeremy Laurence, UN Human Rights – Media Unit (+41 22 917 9383, Email: [email protected]). For further information please contact Mr. Christophe Peschoux (+41 229279381 or +41 79 101 04 88 Email: [email protected]).
UN Human Rights, country page: United Kingdom
For media inquiries related to other UN independent experts please contact Jeremy Laurence, UN Human Rights – Media Unit (+41 22 917 9383, Email: [email protected]).
This year, 2018, is the 70th anniversary of the Universal Declaration of Human Rights, adopted by the UN on 10 December 1948. The Universal Declaration – translated into a world record 500 languages – is rooted in the principle that “all human beings are born free and equal in dignity and rights.” It remains relevant to everyone, every day. In honour of the 70th anniversary of this extraordinarily influential document, and to prevent its vital principles from being eroded, we are urging people everywhere to Stand Up for Human Rights: www.standup4humanrights.org.
OHCHR
Alto comisionado
Julian Asange
Luca Guillen
Ecuador: fallo a favor de la comunidad Waorani en litigio con el gobierno por explotación petrolera en la selva amazónica
Ecuador: Lenín Moreno firma en Francia acuerdos comerciales con Macron
Galápagos, ¿de patrimonio de la humanidad a portaviones de EEUU? – Por Eduardo Tamayo G. y Helga Serrano Narváez
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gamers are shit
Thread: gamers are shit
http://gamerfury.tumblr.com
http://www.eurogamer.net/articles/20...games-industry
by: vriskatime
vriskatime
in a nightmare, i am falling
i hate all gamers/ most games journalists . just whiny, self entitled spoiled brats that still buy whatever they complain about. oh no you spent $20 on "only 10 hours" of gameplay, oh what a ripoff!!!!.
to be fair, phil fish has issues and probably shouldn't have responded in that fashion, but the "annoyedGamer" guy was being really awful here.
you guys should still play fez tho
What time is it??
The Goode Family
太った猫
Gothenburg, Nebraska
haven’t tweeted in 2 days? Hopefully you died you fucking bald cunt. Go buy some wax to rub on that head of yours.
Originally Posted by ilovebender.com
I love women.
serves him right for messing with the snipers, and ruining those poor gamers' lives.
Christ on a crutch....
Anyway, speaking as someone who plays video games a lot more casually than he did about 3 or 4 years ago, yes, I do see a lot of gamers as neurotic asshats, but then again, I stop and think that the majority of the gamers spouting abuse like the stuff seen in those Twitter comments are between like... 12 to 16 years old. I know there's a hoard of sad manchildren out there, who it's most likely too late for, but I can at least hope that the younger gamers spouting comments like that wise the fuck up before they are given genuine problems and responsibilities to deal with.
Phil Fish is quite the character though. Why does he get mad at people who (admittedly over-the-top) criticize his games, when he does stuff like this?
And here's an angry tirade of tweets I got from the first link.
I'm unfamiliar with Phil Fish, but he seems like quite an easily butthurt guy.
Also, he just looks like kind of a tool...I know that's shallow of me to say since I'm simply talking about his appearance but hey, judging by those tweets the shoe does indeed fit
by: D4C
Phil Fish gets an unbelievable amount of abuse from a gaming population who are sick of devs hiding behind their pr but aren't happy when somebody isn't hidden behind their pr.
I'm not surprised he walked away. He needs to take a step back and act less emotionally. BUT nobody has the right to send him an avalanche of abuse because he didn't do an interview/flippantly dismissed japanese games/whatever.
oh and games journos (if you can call fucking annoyed gamer that) and ANYBODY have a right to criticise game devs but i'm talking about the personal attacks aimed at him
calling him a "fucking asshole" for not doing an interview? lame.
I wonder where he'll go from here...
he'll be back, i'd wager
It's always so weird to watch "Indie Game the Movie" and know how much of a whiney asshole Phill Fish really is.
And yeah most of those whiney "Gamers" are like in there early teens. I love video games but I fucking hate fanboys and those people who always complain about shit like that.
this fire needs some fuel: https://twitter.com/agentbizzle/stat...89681442488321
by: Shaunbadia
That is why little kids shouldn't be allowed to play Call of Duty.
It's a shame that fanboys have such a loud voice in the public's eye but that's what happens when little kids play 'hardcore' games: they become angry and passive-aggressive as they grow older.
I met a 5 year old on Xbox Live once. He was actually rather nice, but he didn't belong there.
Funny how all the kids playing games like COD and dishing out this abuse seem to have parents who see no harm in it yet when GTA V comes out they'll collectively shit their pants about what their little darlings are being exposed too.
those extra two persons really bump it up.
Stars and Stripes Forever
Most "gamers" ive known, regardless of age, are rather insufferable. Its a culture of enabling. I mean look at me.
There's a weird dichotomy between gamers and reviewers in that it seems like reviewers seem to stoop to their audience's levels and become really whiny and demanding to developers and stuff. It's strange too, because in other mediums, I can't really think of professional reviewers doing the same thing. I'd like to think this is more of a problem with amateur reviewers and the fact that any loud voice can get a microphone on the internet... But even respectable sites seem to be full of these "WHERE IS MY _____ GAME, DEVELOPER" editorials.
Originally Posted by Dangeresque Too
Wow, he must be really, really whiny since I remember him coming off as being somewhat whiny and neurotic during that documentary too... I'm thinking of his freak-out over his ex-partner right before PAX. Has he done a lot of other general whiny stuff afterwards on the internet?
Dark Homer
pineapple shoes
geohell
visit my simpsons fansite y'all
by: Insomnia, Sam
http://www.develop-online.net/news/4...+%28Develop%29
@Jims
Ehh wrong video I posted
Last edited by Insomnia; 07-30-2013 at 04:50 PM.
Originally Posted by Jims
I can get a little ranty about this kind of stuff. I don't suppose anyone here followed the "dorito-gate" controversy? http://www.neogaf.com/forum/showthread.php?t=497024
Think it is demonstrative of the lack of professionalism in video game journalism.
Doritos are so good
by: Sam, Shaunbadia
oh man i'd never seen the video
the dude looks like he is going to cry
I don't want to take the "big bad media"'s side on this but, when I think about the gaming community, I lean toward what Bart said in S8 to Comic Book Guy, about fans and their sense of self-entitlement. Developers don't owe gamers anything; gamers can and should be satisfied with what they get at face value. Fans can be a very fickle bunch, myself included, and this case with Mr. Fish is a strange case of a direct backlash against the fanbase.
I've heard Fez is good (and, based on the games I like to play, Fez would have been right up my alley; alas, I don't have a 360, and I'm not much of a PC gamer). It's difficult to separate the media from the stronger personalities behind it anyway, so that doesn't help much either. Game developers have come closer and closer to bending to fan feedback; in the case of game-breaking glitches which the fans find, or when it comes to injustice, prejudice or imbalance in the gaming community, fine. That can help things. I think some developers take the fans' consideration too much which, I think, gets in the way of the developers' original vision.
Check out this shit
http://www.escapistmagazine.com/news...fter-New-Patch
Hell, remember when Hideo Kojima was getting death threats because he said he didn't want to be at the helm of Metal Gear Solid 4 and then he caved?
MGS4 is a brilliant game, but still...fucking wackos.
Heeeere's Patrick
sometimes gamers get over-obsessed, I know some people who I had to stop being friends with because they value minecraft over their social life. Having an addiction to gaming that bad is a problem, I think that some gamers need professional help
Marge: oh Homie,you couldn't go on a hunger strike, you eat while you brush your teeth!
I'm Lisa, who are you? by The No Homers Club
last episode watched:- The one where Mr. Burns tries to be a more lovable billionare 8/10
Saw this earlier. Made me think of this thread
by: OldSchoolerSimpsons
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Nabokov scholar Brian Boyd sets the record straight on 'The Real Lolita'
by Brian Boyd / 30 March, 2019
Vladimir Nabokov. Photo/Getty Images
RelatedArticlesModule - The Real Lolita nabokov scholar Brian Boyd
Did Vladimir Nabokov “pilfer” the story of a real-life US child-abduction case for his novel Lolita as Sarah Weinman’s new book claims? Brian Boyd sets out to disprove the theory and skewer the many lurid misreadings of the literary classic.
The real Lolita has always been hard to see, even if Humbert Humbert, Lolita’s narrator, presents her as his passionate focus from his first word: “Lolita, light of my life, fire of my loins,” to his last, “the only immortality you and I may share, my Lolita”. She has been buried under a mountain of misconstruction, to which Sarah Weinman’s The Real Lolita: The Kidnapping of Sally Horner and the Novel that Scandalized the World has added another flank, though certainly no new peak.
Lolita’s fate has been dramatic from the first. Overwhelmed by the challenge of writing from the point of view of a paedophile he abhorred, and about a young American girl when he knew none firsthand, Vladimir Nabokov twice took his manuscript towards the incinerator. His famously devoted wife, Véra, had to counsel him out of jettisoning what he later called “my most difficult book”.
Simon Sebag Montefiore on the surprising, racy and revealing letters of history
by Redmer Yska
Novelist Robert Louis Stevenson's strange New Zealand connection
On its 1958 publication in the US, Lolita became the fastest seller since Gone with the Wind, and went on to sell more than 60 million copies in dozens of languages – including Russian, into which Nabokov himself translated it. The novel was first published, in English, in Paris, in 1955, after Nabokov, despite his literary renown, could find no US publisher ready to touch it. And, despite France’s reputation for sexual openness in fiction, its English edition was banned there in 1956, unbanned after a court challenge, then re-banned in the month the American version topped the US bestseller lists (it was also banned in New Zealand, in 1959).
In 1999, Lolita was voted the greatest novel of the 20th century by American editors and critics, but because the poll was organised by the Modern Library, the American publisher of Ulysses, the results were fudged so as to hide that Ulysses had not won.
Lolita has been made into two films, Stanley Kubrick’s (1962), an A- in my rating, and Adrian Lyne’s (1997), which gets a B-. However, both are in the C- range as adaptations of the novel. It has also been made into many stage versions, an opera, a musical and Lo’s Diary, a wretched prose retelling from Lolita’s point of view, imagined without a glimmer of Nabokov’s insight. It’s even been made into a conceptual-art carpet by artist Barbara Bloom, and a fashion accessory, the “Lolita handbag”, which actress Natalie Portman carried at the Black Swan premiere. Lolita style fads, which had little to do with the novel, its heroine or each other, swept France in the early 1960s and Japan in the 1990s-2000s.
The Lolita fashion subculture in Japan. Photo/Getty Images
Many great novels, from Madame Bovary to Ulysses, caused a scandal when first published. Only Lolita became more scandalous and, for many, harder to read as child sexual abuse moved from being a taboo subject to the focus of appalled public attention and even, from the 1980s, hysteria and moral panic. Now, after the glaring evidence of male sexual predation and harassment in the Jimmy Savile, Rolf Harris, Bill Cosby and Harvey Weinstein cases, and similar cases exposed by the #MeToo movement, how can we read Lolita, how should we see Lolita?
The answer is, as Nabokov wrote it, if we read carefully enough. Not as Humbert Humbert narrates it. And definitely not as males used to male privilege read it. The distinguished critic and novelist Lionel Trilling summarised the novel in a 1958 review and added: “We have come virtually to condone the violation … I was plainly not able to muster up the note of moral outrage … Humbert is perfectly willing to say that he is a monster; we find ourselves less and less eager to agree with him.” A few months later, another distinguished novelist, Robertson Davies, wrote that the book’s theme “is not the corruption of an innocent child by a cunning adult, but the exploitation of a weak adult by a corrupt child”.
But, look at the novel. Lolita has indeed tried out sex, not quite aware of what it means, at summer camp, and does suggest to Humbert, knowing his interest in her, that they “play the game that she and Charlie had played”. But Humbert had already tried to drug-rape her (the drug had not worked), and had withheld from her the fact that her mother had been killed, so that her upset at the news could not keep him from his goal. He whisked her rapidly across America to elude detection, he terrorised her with the thought of reform school or prison, he manipulated her constantly to keep her emotionally dependent and sexually available.
Véra and Vladimir Nabokov. Photo/Alamy
Even Humbert, as manipulative of his readers as of the women in his life – his first wife, his second (Lolita’s mother), Lolita herself – comes to deplore his own manipulativeness and his robbing Lolita of her childhood. Yet readers as sophisticated as Trilling and Davies fail to read the evidence Nabokov presents within his novel. That only shows both how pervasive has been the male attitude that desire, sufficiently intense, is warrant for sexual predation, and why the #MeToo movement has been so much needed and so slow coming.
In the novel, a good reader should be able to see what Véra Nabokov saw, and what she lamented so few readers did see: the real Lolita. “I wish someone would notice the tender description of the child’s helplessness, her pathetic dependence upon the monstrous HH, and her heartrending courage all along, culminating in that squalid but essentially pure and healthy marriage,” she wrote. “They all miss the fact that the ‘horrid little brat’ Lolita is essentially very good indeed – or she would not have straightened out after being crushed so terribly, and found a decent life …”
In a far better book than Weinman’s, Graham Vickers, in Chasing Lolita: How Popular Culture Corrupted Nabokov’s Little Girl All Over Again (2008), ends his main text with Véra’s 1958 reflection, and shows how the real Lolita disappeared even more as her name spread in popular culture: “All too often Lolita got bad press, even before her name became every third-rate tabloid editor’s sluttish embodiment of female teenage libido and every huckster’s instant insurance for sexing up the shabbiest trinket.”
Weinman’s “real Lolita” is Sally Horner, an 11-year-old abducted in 1948 by Frank La Salle and kept as his sexual partner as he decamped ever further west across the US to escape police pursuit. Befriended by a suspicious neighbour, Horner was emboldened to call home for help and was promptly rescued after 21 months of captivity.
Humbert mentions the case when, after Lolita escapes him, he returns to the town where he first met her. The mother of a classmate of Lolita’s “attacked me with a fake smile, all aglow with evil curiosity. (Had I done to Dolly, perhaps, what Frank La Salle, a 50-year-old mechanic, had done to 11-year-old Sally Horner in 1948?)”.
Nabokov had learnt of the case just weeks earlier than the fictional date of this scene, in a newspaper report of Horner’s death, at 15, in an unrelated road accident. He took notes from the brief newspaper story, which also recorded her earlier fate as “the cross-country slave” of a “middle-aged morals offender” branded by the judge who sentenced him as a “moral leper” – all phrases Nabokov used at different points of the novel.
Weinman tries to claim that “much of the novel’s structure” depends on the Horner case, which Nabokov “pilfered” or “strip-mined”. But the evidence of Lolita and its composition refute this.
Newspaper report about the abduction of Sally Horner.
Humbert marries Lolita’s mother, Charlotte, for access to her daughter. That was already the stratagem the paedophile anti-hero of the 1939 Russian novella The Enchanter used to access the daughter in Nabokov’s first attempt at imagining this story, which he soon realised did not warrant publishing. Horner, however, fell into La Salle’s clutches because he saw her shoplifting. He posed as an FBI officer and made her return to her solo mother and tell her she was being taken to Atlantic City by the father of a school friend. La Salle phoned the mother, as arranged, to elaborate the lie, and she, happy to have her daughter enjoy the holiday she could not afford to provide, took her to the intercity bus and her doom.
Horner was freed from a trailer park in San Jose after her neighbour induced her to confess that La Salle was not her father and that he forced her to stay with him. Lolita is freed by – she elopes with – Clare Quilty, the writer of a school play she was to star in. Quilty knows that she knows he has a taste for young girls, and he knows she has been caught in Humbert’s sexual web.
Quilty forms part of a series of allusions to Edgar Allan Poe (who married his cousin Virginia Clemm when she was 13) that permeate the novel, combining detective stories such as The Murders in the Rue Morgue; the theme of doppelgängers (William Wilson); Gothic horror (The Fall of the House of Usher); and cryptic clues (The Gold Bug).
By late 1946, Nabokov had decided to take up his abandoned paedophile story and transpose it to America. By at least early 1947, he was calling it The Kingdom by the Sea, an echo of a line from Poe’s poem Annabel Lee that forms a major motif at the beginning of Lolita.
Nabokov, in other words, seems to have had not only the old core of the story, but also most of his elaborate design for reshaping and Americanising it, in place more than a year before Horner was abducted, more than three years before she was found and more than five years before he came across the newspaper report of her death. He always planned his novels minutely before starting to write. In the case of Lolita, other writing, teaching, and research at Wellesley, Cornell and Harvard slowed his progress on the novel, but by August 1952, when he recorded Horner’s fate, he was four years into a novel that took him five years to write.
Weinman complains that Nabokov suppressed the part Horner’s case played in his novel, when she and others before her would not have known of the case had Lolita not mentioned it. She complains that Nabokov denied his dependence on real-life cases, when he actually insisted on the research in psychological journals and case histories he needed for his novel.
Nabokov had already constructed the fictional Lolita from multiple sources in literature, life, libraries and imagination when he encountered the Horner case. The Lolita he formed, the real Lolita – not the “fast little article” into which careless readers, or others still remoter from the book, deformed her – stands for all the real cases he knew, including, eventually, Sally Horner’s, and for the many he knew went unknown.
THE REAL LOLITA: The Kidnapping of Sally Horner and the Novel that Scandalized the World, by Sarah Weinman (Hachette, $35).
This article was first published in the March 16, 2019 issue of the New Zealand Listener.
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The Counterattack Plan of A Villain With Ten Thousand Fans
Adventure Comedy Shounen Ai
Cannibalism Gore Handsome Male Lead Interdimensional Travel System Administrator World Hopping
Rating(4.5 / 5.0, 74 votes)
4 1% (1 votes)
1 11% (8 votes)
Never Ask
从来不问
335 Chapters (Completed)
Every 35.3 Day(s)
Weekly Rank: #692
Monthly Rank: #669
Before the disfigurement, everyone loved Ling Chunan. After the disfigurement, Ling Chunan became a plague that everyone avoided. He was held on captive by his own agent afterwards because he was so ugly now, desecrating his love. Finally, Ling Chunan chewed himself to death because he was starving. After his death, a thing that claimed to be the counterattack system 098 found him.
A long time after, a certain counterattack system of a host with a 100% success rate posted a message in the System Forums.
《Emergency Help Request, my host is a masochist! He won’t be happy if every meals doesn’t have meat, and if he doesn’t have meat to eat, he will start to gnaw himself! How to treat this illness?!》
Great God : No need. I have a fast recovering ability. I will let him bite me.
CPVTTF
万人迷反派逆袭计划
My Big Brother is Seeking Death Again (2)
Quickly Wear the Face of the Devil (2)
Cub Raising Association (1)
Every World Seems Not Quite Right (1)
Heroic Death System (1)
Holding On to My Man (1)
07/12/19 Raven Blues Day c8
5 Reviews sorted by
Nymnbol rated it
This novel is my favorite quick transmigration novel!
The main character is really smart, being on top of everything and giving no f**ks. It kinda squicked me when I found out the extent of his cannibalism. However, since the story was so good, I overlooked it in the beginning and later, it didn't bother me any more. There is also a really good reason why he does this which is explained in the end.
MC has half of the old God's powers while the ML has the rest. That's why he could only eat himself or the ML as a way to replenish energy.
I also really love ML. He would always spoil the MC a lot which is a trait I really like in novels. ML is also really obsessed with the MC calling him by different titles like older brother, uncle, father, etc. Which I find really funny. The system is also really cute and not mean or really robotic, working together with the MC to get through the missions. He slowly changes from being the worker of God to being the MC's lackey.
The stories and worlds are also really well thought out with plot twists that you aren't really expecting. This could be seen in the first world.
A school yard love story suddenly becoming a zombie apocalypse.
There is also a main story line which is hinted at as the story progresses instead of being thrown in near the end. The story also has a lot of face slapping which I love and find really satisfying. It was done really well in this novel since there was enough build up. Someone might think this story might be a little too Gary Sue and I do see that since MC is maybe too smart? But I like stories like that cause it's relaxing without me having to worry about the MC.
Bottom line, GIVE THIS STORY A TRY, especially if you like quick transmigration, face slapping, ML spoiling MC, or characters being a little OP.
Maiasia rated it
The cannibalism is a little off putting at first but I am amazed at how fine I was with it by the time the 5th chapter rolled around. XD Adaptation at its best. Lol. Anyways, pretty good for the first five chapters. WARNING! This won't be for everyone! Please do consider the tags before continuing. It would be a real shame if someone put negative comments regarding the gore and stuff and when you've been forewarned. For the adventurous, give it a try. The only regret you're going to have... more>> is not stockpiling the chapters and now you're doomed to wait for more. I'm pitching a tent if anyone wants to join. ;D <<less
PasserbyA rated it
I can't seen to get use to the fact that the MC is a cannibal at first, in fact I still am right now but that's not the point, the point is that YES this is a good a** novel. I'm getting on board and you should too. MC is a little bit of everything, get that flavor yes, a little bit of cute, a lil s*xy, a lil smart, a lil calculative and I guess we cant forget he's also a lil cannibalistic--BUT ITS OK.
Male lead is also a... more>> hubby.
mama is saying yes <<less
rhianirory rated it
This is a surprisingly good quick wear novel, especially since the beginning made me queasy. I can handle gore and blood but the descriptions of him eating himself and the ML were very colorful at first, however, by the third or fourth world it's no longer graphic. It's not so much that you get used to the cannibalism as it is that the author stops describing it in loving detail. The ML asks "baby are you hungry?" and rolls up his sleeve most of the time and that's it. The... more>> description is on the same level as the s*x, as in, you know it happened but its barely there. the worlds were well done and he goes through quite a few. It was interesting enough that I even finished some worlds that I normally don't like (like ABO). Each arc was fairly long and fleshed out enough that the reader becomes engaged. I like that some of the worlds had odd twists and surprises to them as well. Some are better than others though.
my biggest complaint is that the ML was a total BUG and whatever the MC wanted or needed he could provide without the MC needing to work for it. He's the ultimate big golden thigh, can provide the MC with anything and he always shows up at the beginning, so the MC rarely struggles on his own for long. He's more OP than most of the very OP ML's in other quick wear novels, and like many of the others he's gentle only to the MC, doting, and extremely possessive but he never crosses the line into full blown yandere mode. The MC was clever and a little arrogant, but I prefer his personality to the 'dumb as a box of rocks' pure type.
over all this is much better than the first couple of worlds lead me to believe (my initial score was a 3 at the end of the chapter 6). For those who want to try pressing through, it gets better and the story will suck you in. <<less
housyspecial
Status: ch5
The MC and ML are something else, but it's good for some reason, makes me want want more. Good job author on that.
It was a school love story then there was news of an apocalypse. Plot twist~
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Great Smoky Mountains
National Park NC, TN
Abrams Falls
Although Abrams Falls is only 20 feet high, the large volume of water rushing over falls more than makes up for its lack of height. The long, deep pool at its base is very picturesque. The waterfall and creek are named for a Cherokee chief whose village once stood several miles downstream.
The trail to the falls traverses pine-oak forest on the ridges and hemlock and rhododendron forest along the creek. The hike is 5 miles roundtrip and considered moderate in difficulty.
Due to strong currents and an undertow, swimming in the pool at the base of the falls is extremely dangerous. Swimmers have drown here! Don't be the next victim! Please read additional water safety information.
Access trail: Abrams Falls Trail in Cades Cove
Trailhead: The turnoff for the trailhead is located past stop #10 on the Cades Cove Loop Road. The turnoff is signed.
Trail Notes: The roundtrip distance to the waterfall is 5 miles and the hike is generally considered moderate in difficulty. Due to the length and terrain however, some visitors may rate it as difficult. It takes about 3-4 hours to hike to the waterfall and back. Please remember that if you begin your hike late in the afternoon, you may have to return in the dark!
Carry drinking water with you. Portions of this trail are rocky-sturdy hiking shoes are recommended. Do not attempt to hike the trail in sandals or flip flops. Hikers must cross three narrow log bridges to reach the waterfall. Pets and bicycles are prohibited on the trail.
Do not climb on rocks around the waterfall. Over the years, several people have fallen to their deaths and many others have suffered serious injuries from climbing on rocks near waterfalls or along the riverbanks. These rocks are slippery due to mist and algae. Closely supervise children at all times.
Black bears are sometimes active in this area. Please read What Do I Do if I See a Bear.
Pets are not allowed on this trail. The only two trails in the park that allow pets are the Gatlinburg Trail near the Sugarlands Visitor Center and the Oconaluftee River Trail near the Oconaluftee Visitor Center. Learn more about pet restrictions in the park.
107 Park Headquarters Road
Gatlinburg, TN 37738
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Matchday threads 2014-15 (Moderator: Shogun) →
Everton v Lille
Jagielka
Distin
Baines
McGeady
Naismith
Atsu (Sub)
Gibson (Sub)
Besic (Sub)
Author Topic: Everton v Lille (Read 26839 times)
ohhhhh Vitor Pereira
Everton v Lille OSC
Thursday 6th November 20:05
Europa League Group Match #4
Everton - Last 5 Matches
Manchester United 2-1 Everton (Naismith)
Everton 3-0 Aston Villa (Jagielka, Lukaku, Coleman)
Lille 0-0 Everton - Europa League
Burnley 1-3 Everton (Eto'o x2, Lukaku)
Everton 0-0 Swansea
Lille - Last 5 Matches
Lyon 3-0 Lille
Lille 1-2 Guingamp (Mavuba)
Rennes 2-0 Lille
Lille 1-1 St Etienne (Frey)
Should Wolfsburg beat Krasnodar as expected (or draw), Everton will have the chance to open up a 5 point gap over third place with a couple of matches to spare. Everton have gone 4 matches since defeat including a couple of 0-0 draws. Everton's 0-0 draw in the reverse fixture was their first goalless draw in a European fixture for 29 matches, stretching back to 1995. Romelu Lukaku is yet to score in the Europa League for Everton but is the youngest player (16 Years 218 Days) to score in this competition since the change of format with a couple of goals for Anderlecht in a 3-1 win away to Ajax in December 2009.
This match is likely to feature two of the brightest prospects in Belgian football as Divock Origi and Romelu Lukaku each notched a goal in the World Cup for Marc Wilmot's side and as the stats show, they've been pretty similar this season. At the same age, Lukaku had scored 37 goals in the Belgian Pro League and 5 Premier League goals. By comparison, Divock Origi has 9 goals in Ligue 1. Origi has scored 2 of his 4 goals this season from the penalty spot.
Possible Line ups
Lille have now gone 6 matches without a win in all competitions (D3 L3) following their 1-1 draw at home to St Etienne at the weekend. Their 2-0 loss to Rennes resulted in their third away defeat in a row in Ligue 1 and the French side have only won one match away from home in all competitions this season (W1 D2 L3) and that came on the second weekend of the new season. Lille have scored just 11 goals in 15 matches this season.
Lille have been one of the most negative sides in Ligue 1 this season. No team have scored fewer goals (9) in the opening 12 matches of the season and only two sides have conceded fewer goals (10) this season. Although Lille seem to be able to compete with Everton in terms of creating chances and shots on goal, their conversion rate and percentage of shots on target would suggest Everton are able to provide better goal scoring opportunities.
Stats and Injuries
Everton - Bryan Oviedo and Arouna Kone are expected to be fully fit after the international break. Defensive duo John Stones and Antolin Alcaraz aren't expected to be back any time soon whilst Kevin Mirallas is close to a return.
Lille - Lille will be without Ronny Lopes and probably some other people.
« Last Edit: November 05, 2014, 09:32:50 PM by Shogun »
I never claimed to be a saint
Reply #1
Re: Everton v Lille
Any idea how many Lille fans are coming over?
Quote from: Shogun on November 05, 2014, 09:29:45 PM
Romelu Lukaku is yet to score in the Europa League for Everton but is the youngest player (16 Years 218 Days) to score in this competition since the change of format with a couple of goals for Anderlecht in a 3-1 win away to Ajax in December 2009.
Here are those goals if anyone's interested.
Romelu Lukaku 2 goals Ajax - Anderlecht 1-3
Atsu has definitely come under harsh criticism, just not quite ready for the intensity of the Premier League yet and Martinez has recognised that.
I'm sure there's more to come, he didn't win player of the season at Vitesse for nothing.
Everton team (to play Lille): Howard, Hibbert, Baines, Jagielka, Distin, Barry, McCarthy, Osman, Naismith, McGeady, Lukaku. #EFCvLIL
— Everton (@Everton) November 6, 2014
Part of me dies when I see Hibbert ahead of Coleman.
Seamus not even on the bench, may as well write the season off if he's going to be injured every other week.
Kind of hoped we'd be past starting Osman and Hibbert in the same match by Martinez's second season.
I'm having a bitch fit here aren't i?
Lots of players having an excellent game for us out there.
Give Ossie a ten year contract.
What a goal Naisy and another assist for Leighton 'no better than Shaw' Baines.
Not really a foul by Barry though is it?
Reply #10
Quote from: Jimmywhack on November 07, 2014, 03:28:36 AM
Barry done fuck all there
Wow mcgeady was playing
He got two assists tonight mate
Atsu seems to be lacking confidence.
Win the home games, draw a couple of always.
Gone to plan so far.
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Zverev clay-court horror show continues with Rome exit
Rome - Germany's Alexander Zverev crashed out of the Italian Open on Tuesday with a 7-5, 7-5 loss to Italian wildcard Matteo Berrettini in the second round.
"The match that I played was horrendous," said Zverev after the game which took 1hr 48min on the red clay of the Foro Italico.
Zverev, the 2017 winner and runner-up in Rome last year to Rafael Nadal, has had a terrible start to the clay-court season with the French Open starting on May 26.
In recent weeks, the 22-year-old fell in the quarter-finals of both Madrid and Munich to Stefanos Tsitsipas and Cristian Garin respectively. He was the defending champion at both events.
The German has yet to win a trophy this season and stands 4-6 on clay this spring.
Zverev had been seeded fourth in the final clay-court warm-up before Roland Garros, and was playing his first game having received a first-round bye.
Last year, Zverev reached the final in Rome beating Berrettini there in their only previous meeting.
But the 33rd-ranked Italian has been on form capturing his second ATP title on clay in Budapest last month, and reached the final in Munich.
Zverev started with a break in the second set, but lost this advantage immediately.
The 33rd-ranked Italian survived four break points, breaking the German in the 12th game to close 7-5 to the delight of the home crowd.
Berrettini will play Argentine Diego Schwartzman, who eased past Yoshihito Nishioka 6-1, 6-4 in 73 minutes.
WAWRINKA WOES
Belgian David Goffin rallied from a set down to beat former French Open champion Stan Wawrinka in three sets and advance to the second round.
The 28-year-old Goffin won through 4-6, 6-0, 6-2 in 1hr 55min against the three-time Grand Slam winner to set up a meeting with Argentine seventh seed Juan Martin Del Potro for a place in the third round.
Ninth seed Marin Cilic beat Italian wildcard Andrea Basso 6-1, 7-5 as Australian Nick Kyrgios needed three sets to get past Russian 12th seed Daniil Medvedev.
"I knew it was going to be tough today because I haven't played much on clay," said Kyrios, who next plays Norwegian qualifier Casper Ruud.
Portgual's Joao Sousa saved four match points in the deciding set to battle past American Frances Tiafoe 6-3, 6-7 (3/7), 7-6 (7/4).
Sousa, who also trailed 1/4 in the deciding set tie-break, will play third seed Roger Federer in the second round.
Eight-time Rome winner Rafael Nadal will start his tournament against Jeremy Chardy in the second round after the Frenchman beat compatriot Richard Gasquet 6-1, 4-6, 6-3 in a match suspended overnight on Monday.
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Denken Sie autonom
Webcast-Reihe Autonomous Database
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Autonomous Data Warehouse Cloud
Datenbankprodukte von A bis Z
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Cloud Database Deployment Models
There are two primary cloud database models.
Traditional, which is very similar to an onsite, in-house managed database—except for infrastructure provisioning. In this case, an organization purchases virtual machine space from a cloud services provider, and the database is deployed to the cloud. The organization’s developers use a DevOps model or traditional IT staff to control the database. The organization is responsible for oversight and database management.
Database as a service (DBaaS), in which an organization contracts with a cloud services provider through a fee-based subscription service. The service provider offers a variety of real-time operational, maintenance, administrative, and database management tasks to the end user. The database runs on the service provider’s infrastructure. This usage model typically includes automation in the areas of provisioning, backup, scaling, high availability, security, patching, and health monitoring. The DBaaS model provides organizations with the greatest value, allowing them to use outsourced database management optimized by software automation rather than hire and manage in-house database experts.
The Benefits of Having a Cloud-Based Database
Cloud databases offer many of the same benefits as other cloud services, including
Improved agility and innovation. Cloud databases can be set up very quickly and decommissioned just as quickly—making testing, validating, and operationalizing new business ideas easy and fast. If the organization decides not to operationalize a project, it can simply abandon the project (and its database) and move on to the next innovation.
Faster time to market. When using a cloud database, there’s no need to order hardware or spend time waiting for shipments, installation, and network setup when a new product is in the development queue. Database access can be available within minutes.
Reduced risks. Cloud databases offer numerous opportunities to reduce risk across the business, particularly for DBaaS models. Cloud services providers can use automation to enforce security best practices and features and to lower the probability of human error—the primary cause of software downtime. Automated high-availability features and service level agreements (SLAs) can reduce or eliminate loss of revenue due to downtime. And capacity forecasting is no longer a critical issue when implementing projects, because the cloud can be an infinite pool of just-in-time infrastructure and services.
Lower costs. Pay-per-use subscription models and dynamic scaling allow end users to provision for steady state, then scale up for peak demand during busy periods, and then scale back down when demand returns to steady state. This is much less costly than maintaining these capabilities in-house, where organizations must purchase physical servers that can handle peak demand even though they may only need peak capabilities a couple of days per quarter. Enterprises can save money by literally turning services off when they’re not needed. They can also reduce costs by executing global initiatives with marginal infrastructure investment. In many instances, cloud software automation takes the place of high-cost database administrators (DBAs)—thereby reducing operational expenses by eliminating the need for expensive in-house resources.
Cloud Database Management Choices
Oracle Cloud Elite and Global Elite Partners
The Oracle Partner Network (OPN) Cloud Program identifies partners who have differentiated expertise, skills, and proven investment in Oracle Cloud services. The most highly skilled and committed partners who have invested in developing expertise in Oracle Cloud are designated as Cloud Elite and Global Cloud Elite Partners.
Enterprises have choices in how to manage their cloud databases. Database management styles can be generalized into the following four categories:
Self-managed cloud databases. In this model, an organization runs its database on a cloud infrastructure but manages the database itself, using in-house resources, without any automation being integrated by the cloud vendor. This model offers some of the standard benefits of locating a database in the cloud—including improved flexibility and agility—but the organization maintains responsibility and control over database management.
Automated cloud databases. In this model, organizations use database cloud service application programming interfaces (APIs) to assist with lifecycle operations, but they maintain access to the database servers and control database configuration and operating systems. Automated database services feature limited SLAs and typically exclude planned activities, such as patching and maintenance.
Managed cloud databases. This model is similar to automated cloud databases, but the cloud vendor does not allow consumer access to servers hosting the database. Configuration is limited to cloud vendor–supported configurations, because end users are not allowed to install their own software.
Autonomous cloud databases. This is a new, hands-free operating model in which automation and machine learning eliminate the human labor associated with database management and performance tuning. Services include SLAs for business-critical applications, such as zero-downtime operations for unplanned and planned database and service lifecycle activities.
Types of Cloud Databases—and the Move to Multimodel
There are numerous types of cloud databases, all of which are intended to meet specific needs and handle specific types of workloads. For example, there are databases specially designed to manage transactions, others designed to run internet-scale applications, and others that serve as data warehouses for analytics. Applying specific database models to address the needs of specific applications or workloads is referred to as polyglot persistence.
OLTP workloads are supported by data models that differ from those used in OLAP workloads. Document and multimedia data relies on formats like XML and JavaScript Object Notation (JSON). Other types of databases include graph databases used for connectivity analysis, spatial databases for geographic analysis, and key-value stores for high-performance storage and lookup of simple data types.
As commercial, enterprise databases have developed over time, they’ve begun to encompass multiple data models and access methods within a single database management system. What’s emerging in the industry today is a move toward the multimodel database that allows an end user to work across different types of workloads from one underlying database.
Oracle refers to this concept as multimodel polyglot persistence. This new capability allows many applications to use the same database management system while the enterprise continues to benefit from the unique data models necessary for a specific application. These new database architectures are allowing enterprises to significantly streamline the number of databases they use and prevent the creation of data silos that lock an organization’s most valuable asset (data) away from broader use by the company.
Learn more about multimodel databases (PDF)
Cloud Database Solutions—What Should Run in the Cloud?
Most every industry, from financial services to healthcare, can benefit from using cloud database solutions. The choice is not whether or not to use a cloud database. The choice is which model and type will work best to meet an enterprise’s specific needs.
Many organizations choose to take a staged approach to cloud database utilization, blending traditional cloud database models with DBaaS models. For others, such as those in the financial services industry, keeping mission-critical applications in-house could remain a priority.
However, things are changing quickly. As DBaaS models become more robust and the move to autonomous cloud databases takes hold, it’s likely that enterprises will find greater opportunities, and greater benefits, in fully migrating their databases to the cloud.
Get a glimpse of how the cloud is transforming industries
The Database of the Future: “Self-Driving” Cloud Databases
Gartner Projects Top Growth for Cloud Databases
Gartner has touted cloud databases as one of the fastest-growing segments of the public cloud services market and expects database-platform-as-a-service (dbPaaS) revenue to reach almost $10 billion by 2021.
The newest and most innovative type of cloud database is the self-driving cloud database (also known as the autonomous database, referenced earlier). Whereas on-premises databases require a dedicated DBA to manage them, that same deep DBA expertise is not necessary for managing a self-driving cloud database. This database type uses cloud technology and machine learning to automate database tuning, security, backups, updates, and other routine management tasks that have traditionally been performed by DBAs.
Self-driving databases are designed to automatically withstand hardware failures, including those at cloud platform sites, and offer online full-stack patching of software, firmware, virtualization, and clustering. They easily scale performance and capacity as needed. Additionally, they protect data from both external attacks and malicious internal users, and they avoid many of the downtime-related issues of the other models—including planned maintenance.
IDC research indicates that as much as 75% of an enterprise’s total data management costs can be in labor alone. A self-driving database could potentially save the average enterprise hundreds, or perhaps thousands, of full-time employee hours annually for every one of its major enterprise databases. In addition, it’s been estimated that 72% of enterprise IT budgets goes to maintaining existing systems, leaving a mere 25% for innovation.
Self-driving databases could go a long way toward eliminating these high costs and allowing enterprises to utilize their DBAs on higher value work—such as data modeling, assisting programmers with data architecture, and planning for future capacity.
The Smarter Way to Manage Data: Oracle Autonomous Data Warehouse Cloud (PDF)
Our research shows that among DBAs
39% manage 50 or more databases
95% manually create or upgrade databases
78% will experience unplanned downtime from untested database changes during their careers
Autonomous cloud databases
Ensure maximum uptime and database performance
Ensure maximum database security, including patches and fixes
Eliminate manual, error-prone management tasks through automation
Allow DBAs to apply their expertise to higher-level functions
Learn more about autonomous cloud databases and how they can improve your business
What to Look for When Selecting a Cloud Database
There are many vendors and options available to organizations looking for a cloud database solution for their enterprise. You’ll want to select a model that works best for your specific business needs. The following are some key features to look for from any cloud database:
Online and independent scaling of compute and storage, patching, and upgrade—with uninterrupted data availability to applications—will ensure that your database’s capacity meets your enterprise’s needs as they fluctuate, without interrupting operations. Automated and online performance optimization, such as auto-indexing, is a must. You’ll also want scale-out clustering for both read and write to ensure that your mission-critical, real-time workloads run seamlessly.
Robust security features are paramount. Any database model you select should be able to perform data encryption at rest and in flight and provide automated security updates. It’s also essential to ensure a strict separation of duties so operations cannot access customer data. Strong data redaction capabilities help ensure that visibility to sensitive data is limited and controlled. External attack detection and prevention driven by machine learning provides an additional layer of real-time security. Lastly, for your most business-critical applications, you’ll want a dedicated cloud infrastructure that includes hardware isolation from other tenants.
Other qualities to look for include a readable standby database (combined with reporting) to lower high-availability costs, and industry-leading flashback technologies to help provide protection from user errors. Finally, your database should have broad compatibility with third-party applications.
Moving Your Database from On Premises to the Cloud
Make Migrating to the Cloud Seamless
Oracle’s automated tools allow you to seamlessly move your on-premises database to Oracle Cloud with virtually no downtime at all, because Oracle Database Cloud Service uses the same standards, products, and skills you currently use on premises.
Learn more about seamlessly migrating your database to Oracle Cloud
Migrating a database to the cloud might sound like a daunting task, but it doesn’t have to be. Advance planning is the key. It’s also important to remember that not all migration methods apply to every scenario.
There are several factors to consider when choosing a migration method—including data types, host operating systems, and database versioning. Here are a few things to think about and prepare for as you approach the migration of your databases to the cloud.
Is the target cloud database software compatible with what you are running on premises? Is the version compatible?
Some cloud providers do not offer database services that are compatible with on-premises versions. Also, if your target cloud database only supports a higher version of the software you are using, you must plan for an upgrade.
What is the size and scale of your database, and does the target cloud support this configuration?
Some cloud providers only offer smaller database configurations in terms of storage size and number of cores. You’ll want to make sure in advance that your provider has the capacity to meet your needs.
Do you run adjacent scripts on the database servers themselves?If so, you would need to contract for infrastructure as a service (IaaS) or automated services—and these might not be available through your cloud provider.
Do you need to migrate with little or no downtime to your existing application? Leading cloud database providers, like Amazon, Microsoft, and Oracle, are making database selection and migration easier than ever. Depending on the circumstances, migrating to the cloud can take place in a matter of minutes.
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Camera IconMatthew Foschini (R) of Melbourne Victory and Jair Eduardo Britto da Silva of Jeju United compete for the ball during the AFC Champions LeaguePicture: Getty Images
Newcastle Jets complete signing of Jair Eduardo Britto da Silva
NEWCASTLE Jets have added to their attacking stocks ahead of the new A-League season, completing the signing of Brazilian attacker Eduardo Britto da Silva.
The 30-year-old forward joins the Hunter club on a one-year deal from Yanbian Funde FC in China League One.
Jair has spent a significant portion of his career in the J-League with Jeju United and Jeonnam Dragons - scoring 46 times in 110 appearances in South Korea’s top flight.
He has also spent time in Japana and the UAE, and now becomes the Jets’ second signing ahead of the 2018-19 campaign after Matthew Ridenton.
“Jair has great experience, attacking flair and has played at a couple of Korea’s biggest clubs,” Merrick said.
“He’s been successful in a high quality league over an extended period, to have scored so many goals in a league as competitive and technical as the K-League is certainly impressive.
“I’m really looking forward to how he can combine with the likes of Ronnie (Vargas) and Dimi (Petratos) to create goal-scoring opportunities.
“I’ve watched the way Jair goes about his business and I think he’s the sort of attacking player our fans can be excited about.”
Jair is expected to link up with the Jets squad later this week.
Originally published as Confirmed: Jets add ‘attacking flair’ with Brazilian import
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Midnight Voices « Living with leukaemia -The Guardian »
Not Pete Atkin
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The Corbyn article has so far racked up nearly 3,000 comments--many of the foaming-at-the-mouth type...
Clive James: ‘Am I convincing in the role of Bob Geldof?’
At a charity event, instead of just saying, ‘Give us your money’, I recited from my Dante translation
Bob Geldof and Midge Ure pictured in London during the recording of the Band Aid single Do They Know It’s Christmas? Photograph: Larry Ellis/Getty Images
People that I hoped would be there for ever have begun to vanish. Lord Weidenfeld was never my publisher, but he took a flattering interest in my work, almost as if he had read it. He hadn’t, of course, he was far too busy: but in every conversation I had with him, he lavished on me a verbal catalogue of authors he thought I should chase up. He had the most magic bookshelves I ever saw, and I wouldn’t have been surprised to find that his collected Shakespeare was a signed copy. His gusto and gift for making people feel important turned even the most fleeting social encounter into an artistic event. The obituary in Der Spiegel got him exactly right: it said that he could make a small occasion into a great experience. “This is the way I was always meant to live,” he once told me, “sitting in a Vienna cafe surrounded by poets and intellectuals.” We were in an open-air bar in Italy, and there was nobody there but the two of us.
But at least Weidenfeld had a long life.The Australian scientist Bob Carter died far too young. The climate change orthodoxy can be a tough proposition to be sceptical about if you mind being accused of betraying ..........
Clive James: ‘My granddaughter’s school was connected by video to the International Space Station'
Now when she and I ask each other questions, both of us pause before answering. It’s a space conversation
Tim Peake takes a selfie in space. Photograph: Tim Peake/PA
Too suddenly gone, Sir Terry Wogan was the most charming after-dinner speaker I ever heard, partly because his outrageous jokes were delivered in such a civilised voice. I suppose Russell Brand would like to sound like that too, but you have to be born to it, which probably means being born in Ireland. Guiltily, I have been wondering if Wogan would have preferred to hang around a bit, rather than being taken so quickly. With his well-stocked mind, he could have used the extra time well.
But there’s something to be said for a snappy exit. For one thing, it saves you from the blog trolls. Recently, I had the temerity to question whether Jeremy Corbyn’s idea for a Trident submarine fleet without nuclear warheads was quite wise, and suddenly his fans were writing in by the thousand. Only one of them instructed me to drop dead immediately, but there were several who asked a question that can be summed up as: “If David Bowie can go quietly, why can’t you?”
I understand their impatience, because I sometimes share it, especially in a week that features three separate trips to the hospital, one of them for the lung function clinic in which I have to half-swallow the mouthguard of a plastic tube and breathe out with full force. The force is never sufficient ..........
Clive James: ‘Leslie Nielsen made a gun of his fingers and shot me. I shot back’
In my career as a television interviewer, Nielsen was up there with William Shatner as the funniest man I ever met
Nielsen’s first starring role was in Forbidden Planet. Photograph: Everett Collection/Rex Features
I’ve been reading The Tempest again. I suppose that if Shakespeare were writing it now, he would have to call it The Extreme Weather Event, but in those days the language was in better shape. No poetry has ever been more beautiful than Prospero’s “Our revels now are ended” speech, which is likely to ring bells for any old man getting set to quit the world. Caliban, however, sounds so like an internet troll that he could easily be updated into a modern version.
It’s not necessarily a doomed task. Back in 1956, Forbidden Planet, one of the first big-budget sci-fi movies, drew on the characters of The Tempest to thicken the plot. I saw it several times in a row, and not just because Anne Francis as Altaira looked so fetching in the short tunic that was probably standard wear for post-pubescent females millions of miles from Earth. Only just post-pubescent myself, I didn’t realise that Altaira was based on Miranda and that her father, Dr Morbius (Walter Pidgeon), was based on Prospero.
The ideas of the movie were too fascinating to need the help of a literary context. The planet’s invisible beast – it made hideous footprints in the dust as it came thumping on inexorably to attack our boys – was a brilliant notion. None of them suspected that it was their own id, multiplied in its power by the machinery of the vanished Krell! I didn’t need to know that the beast was an updated Caliban ..........
Cive James: ‘None of us realised that the bushfires and floods were climate change’
At our weatherboard infants’ school in the bush, the memorably severe Miss Cashman had to get us to safety when the bushfire came
Photograph: Keith Pakenham/AFP/Getty Images
Our poet laureate, Carol Ann Duffy, writes poems that must be blessings for schoolteachers, because almost every line has a splinter of brilliance in it, and even the most resistant pupil would notice a fragment of language jumping into life. Her poem called Mrs Midas evokes the difficulties for a wife whose husband turns things to gold when he touches them. They can’t sleep together, so she puts him in the spare room, which he turns into “the tomb of Tutankhamun”. What young mind would not be captured by an idea as dazzling as that? I know, the young mind of the boy at the back of the class who has just set fire to his desk. He’s a kind of Midas himself, but whatever he touches turns to chaos. It’s always rude to be optimistic on behalf of other people, and the teacher is facing difficulties every day that leave Mrs Midas looking genuinely well off, instead of just weighed down by useless wealth.
At our weatherboard one-room infants’ school in the bush, the memorably severe Miss Cashman had to get us to safety when the bushfire came, as it did every year, invariably threatening to burn down the building. She had a gift for discipline but no gift for tact. She gave me a note for my mother, saying that I didn’t have to come to school the next day because it had been largely destroyed by fire. My mother, once she had been assured that I had not been in danger, recovered in a matter of hours.
Clive James: in the matter of how women are treated, Australia is the reverse of a stupid country
Australia’s journalists are still trying to marshal the communications skills to cope with the continuing story about the teenage Melbourne jihadist
‘How could anyone have emerged from the Australian school system believing a kangaroo could be induced to bounce in the right direction?’ Photograph: Paul Kane/Getty Images
Out in Australia, which can be safely regarded as the premier laboratory for developments in the English language, there has been a newspaper report about a class in communications. The class took place on a bus, and the journalist who conducted it was quoted as saying the following: “Our friend Danielle narrated the experience of losing her virginity to us all on the bus.” Did she really say it that way, or did a subeditor help?
Either way, I fear that when the current generation of journalists in Australia have got through with teaching the next generation how to communicate, any journalists left over who still know how to say what they mean will be labelled rightwing. Among my own regular trolls, it is the Australians who are most likely, whenever I stress the indispensability of punctuation and grammar, to call me a mouthpiece of the war-criminal Tory establishment.
Clive James: Chris Rock proved satirical comedy is at its strongest when anger is expressed through reason
For all I know, in order to act like Leonardo DiCaprio you have to believe you are ‘fighting climate change’ when you fly by private jet
Chris Rock hosted the Oscars with ‘vaulting eloquence’. Photograph: Chris Pizzello/Invision/AP
Two weeks ago I wrote half a line hinting at my belief – no doubt senile and irrational – that the allegedly forthcoming global climate change disaster might still be up for discussion . Hundreds of objectors immediately surfaced through the web, many of them trolls. If I were out to count the percentage of violently angry people among the internet population, it would be easier than fishing with grenades.
Several of these choleric experts correctly accused me of not being a scientist. My only field of expertise is the use and abuse of language; but a trained ear for empty rhetoric is what tells me that most of them aren’t scientists, either. People who call carbon dioxide “carbon” know even less about science than I do. Their anger, I suspect, is driven by belief rather than knowledge.
Let’s be fair and say that people can harbour an irrational belief and still be rational in other respects. That’s what I would like my critics to think about me, so I strive to think the same about them; and anyway, it takes that kind of generosity to fit the historic facts. Sir Isaac Newton was rational about celestial mechanics, but quite nutty about numerology
Clive James: I got used to Hollywood, but never got used to the teeth
Americans want their teeth to prove that eternal youth is a social obligation
Photograph: Holger Scheibe/Corbis
This winter I’ve hardly stirred out of doors. I can’t walk far and it takes me two minutes to get out of a taxi. But this week I had a dental appointment. I went to it, wondering why: for someone in my condition, keeping a date with the dentist is a testimony to one’s faith in doctors. You have to bet that the stuff the doctors do will give you enough extra time to show off the stuff that the dentist does. What do you want for the 10 minutes you’ve got left, a smile like George Clooney’s? Trigger warning: there will be teethist remarks in this essay.
I’m lucky with my dentist. He plays good jazz records in the background and his hygienist, when she’s got my mouth jacked open, asks only simple questions. “Did you see Skyfall on TV last night?” she asks. “Ngh,” I reply. Her assistant asks harder questions (“What did you think of Javier Bardem’s teeth?”), but is starting to realise that a strangled cry might mean that I am croaking. Basically, nowadays, I don’t mind a visit to the dentist, whereas when I was young I minded like hell. But even now I can’t see the point of the big white set of American teeth.
The Americans can’t see the point of anything else. They want their mouths to prove that eternal youth is a social obligation.
Clive James: Lady Gaga’s Star-Spangled Banner had oomph – then she added a woo-hoo-hoo
To have the authentic gift of vulgarity, you need to have a talent for spoiling your own effects
Lady Gaga at Super Bowl 50. Photograph: Christopher Polk/Getty Images
In Bucharest, the vast palace once occupied by Nicolae Ceausescu and his deadly wife Elena has been opened to the public , so that the common people of Romania may now tour the strained opulence of its rooms and contemplate how their erstwhile leaders robbed them. I watched the news footage, but was less disgusted than I had hoped. Confidently expecting bad taste at the level of Saddam Hussein’s golden toilets, I had to admit that the general effect was merely boring, like being led from one antique dealer’s warehouse to another without the benefit of lunch.
It was all her, of course, but it could have been worse. Only the indoor swimming pool attained a memorable wrongness, adding a chlorinated echo to the laboriously grouted display of polychromatic tiles. Everything else hovered blandly in the gap between plush and tat. Elena was a snake, but she didn’t have the authentic gift of vulgarity.
Clive James: ‘In my condition, you have to go on throwing a double six just to stay in the game’
I’ve been making plans for yet another in the string of springs that I never expected to see
‘Daffodils were being joined by searching bursts of crocuses.’ Photograph: Geoffrey Swaine/Rex/Shutterstock
In the oncology clinic at Addenbrooke’s, my latest blood test went pretty well, but I got a bit down in the mouth anyway, because for someone in my condition, even a good result is a reminder that you have to go on throwing a double six to stay in the game. In the cab home, however, gloom was soon dispelled by the sight of the flowers in the lawns of the college “backs”, so called to help foreign visitors grasp the Cambridge concept of a back yard that looks better than anybody else’s front yard.
Some of the daffodils had been on display for weeks, but now they had tripled their numbers and were being joined by searching bursts of crocuses, erupting like Byzantine tracer through the grass. Or perhaps Botticelli’s Primavera girl had just gone dancing through, or Matilda from Dante’s Earthly Paradise. Or perhaps they were just crocuses. Good of them, though, to arrive just in time for me to notice.
Back at home, I began to make my plans for yet another in the string of springs that I never expected to see.
Clive James: ‘Finally we knew that Hugh Laurie was evil’
......and not just a friend of Stephen Fry
Hugh Laurie in The Night Manager. Photograph: Des Willie/BBC/The Ink Factory
My granddaughter has departed for a holiday in the country, and I am left in charge of her two gerbils. They live in a gerbilarium, a two-storey box full of the gear they need to eat, sleep and run. They run, one at a time, in a wheel that rattles. Gerbil Gables, as I call their dwelling, sits in a corner of my kitchen, near the doors to my garden. As I write this, I can hear the rattling wheel.
Gerbils rate high for cuteness. I am reminded of the ultra-little Philippine tarsier, except that the tarsier spends most of the time sleeping instead of running. Generally, I have always been suspicious of cuteness. In the Hermitage in Leningrad in 1976, I saw a tiny silver Fabergé train that had been presented to one of the children of the tsar. It looked too precious to play with. Delicacy can be overdone. If gerbils slept like tarsiers, I would like them less. As things are, these two might as well be on nandralone: they pound that wheel until it threatens to disintegrate. One minds cuteness less if it hangs tough.
But tough cuteness must be credible. In the movies, it hardly ever is. Watching the lovely Elizabeth Debicki in The Night Manager, I just knew that she would end up getting tortured. It had to happen so that we would finally believe that Hugh Laurie was evil, and not just a friend of Stephen Fry. But the torture inflicted nothing except a tiny mark just below her cheek. One recalls how, in Salt, Angelina Jolie emerged from ages of North Korean torture with a slightly split upper lip.
Clive James: ‘Bob Geldof dropped the F-bomb in his show about Yeats’
He was the perfect sonic fit
‘Geldof speaks with such precise intelligence that he brings out the strength of the great poet’s verbal music.’ Photograph: Jonathan Brady/PA
Trigger warning: this essay contains heteronormative material. As a sick man whose internal clock is so out of whack that it ticks in no other direction except towards silence, I am often up late in search of junk TV shows and bad movies that will lull me to sleep. In that condition I am grateful even for Steven Seagal movies, some of which could lull a charging herd of wildebeest. But there is a danger, when clicking among the scrapyard channels, that I will be suddenly confronted with those ephebic 118 twins who run around, pause, pose and run around again.
Full of benevolence in my declining hours, I want to see nobody done out of a job, but I have to say that I had been expecting these two to be gone by now. Instead, they are still there. Only last night, while Steven Seagal was preparing to beat up an army of yakuza, the 118 twins were there again, running, pausing and posing. In one of these pausing poses they both pointed their bottoms at me. Imagine something totally uninteresting and then double it.
Clive James: ‘A misprint in my new book made me feel I was contemplating the ruins of 60 years’ work’
Getting things out of proportion is an occupational hazard for anyone whose occupation is over
‘Tomorrow might be another day to shave my bear.’ Photograph: Mike Korostelev/Rex/Shutterstock
It was either in the teleprompter script or in the crawler along the bottom of the screen – probably the latter – that NBC News conveyed the following information: “Isis fighters are shaving bears and hiding in civilian homes to avoid airstrikes.” The reason I can’t be absolutely certain is that I read the line quoted somewhere in the blogosphere, where mistakes made by the traditional media are a constant source of glee. A satirical website with a staff of two young male deadbeats and a woman in a hat can thus rejoice in ridiculing a television outlet with a budget of millions.
And so the shaved bears pass on into history. The day might come when some unusually clueless scientific group is inspired to publish a landmark paper about the shaved bears (“Climate change makes more bears lose hair, says new study”) but it’s more likely that the misprint will continue to be seen as a mistake. It’s the best that any writer can hope for: that the misprint will be flagrant enough to look like one, instead of subtly changing his meaning.
Collected Poems: 1958 - 2015 by Clive James (Amazon)
Clive James: ‘Ben Affleck has overcome the handicap of his absurd good looks’
‘Redford got so bored by his own beauty that he would go off and direct something. Affleck probably has the same motivation, but he has a lot more directorial flair’
Ben Affleck in Argo. Photograph: Sportsphoto Ltd/Allstar
My copy of the 2012 Ben Affleck movie Argo lay around unwatched for a long time. A few nights ago, I fought my way in through the shrink-wrap and took a look. It revealed Affleck to be a terrific director as well as a fine actor.
That latter quality was probably the reason I had left the shrink-wrap intact for so long. In Pearl Harbor, Affleck had overcome the handicap of his absurd good looks and done a creditable job of bringing to life his role as a brave young pilot, instead of doing what the script deserved and setting fire to it before placing himself under citizen’s arrest for having signed the contract in the first place.
The movie was such a dog’s dinner that I couldn’t stop blaming Affleck for being in it. Though he had acted superbly as a has-been B-movie superhero in Hollywoodland, I still had to be persuaded at gunpoint to watch Gone Baby Gone, which proved that he had immense talent as a director. But, for me, Affleck was still the too-handsome actor who had been in that awful movie where a thousand Japanese aircraft tried to destroy Kate Beckinsale’s career. The only reason I finally took a look at Argo was that I was planning to write an article about Alan Arkin.
Take a look at Arkin in Argo (so my article might start), and ........
« Edited for oversize image -- SJB »
« Last Edit: 06.11.16 at 19:00 by S J Birkill »
Clive James: ‘If Victoria Wood had caught us moping over her death, she might have been quite strict’
Wood’s central power was an infallible ear for the nuances of the national language
‘Victoria Wood was a genius who wanted to turn everyone else in the studio into a genius, too.’ Photograph: Mike Marsland/WireImage
In taking so long to say something about Victoria Wood’s early death, I fear that I’m making an entrance at the wrong time, like Mrs Overall in Acorn Antiques. Not that Mrs Overall was ever afraid of getting her timing wrong. That was the whole point of her. No amount of evidence that she was always arriving at the wrong moment with a tray of tea that nobody wanted could ever stop her doing it again.
Binge-watching the whole delirious archive of Acorn Antiques from the first bungled moment to the last, I’ve just noticed that Mrs Overall is almost always on screen somewhere. If not advancing with the tea tray, she’s hovering somewhere near the back of the set, poking her head out from behind an antique. She’s a mobile fixture.
Victoria, on the other hand, is not often in the shop, except in spirit. She was like that. I knew her when she was just starting off, and it was clear even then that she was a whole new kind of star, with so much creative imagination ..........
Clive James: ‘I can’t mock Donatella Versace, because I am no stranger to the plastic surgeon myself’
There is the disturbing consideration that, with proper planning, I could have been turning myself into someone better looking
‘I finally realise who Donatella Versace has been trying to turn herself into…’ Photograph: Luca Bruno/AP
At the recent Met Gala in New York, all the stellar people were dressed to kill, and as I scan the gallery of red carpet photographs, I finally realise who Donatella Versace has been trying to turn herself into with her successive bouts of facial alteration. Now, the piecemeal transformation completed, she makes you wonder how Mike Tyson can look so good in a ballgown.
I can’t mock her, because in recent times I am no stranger to the plastic surgeon myself. Every time a carcinoma is removed from somewhere on my head, the hole gets plugged with a graft from somewhere else on my body. Apart from the prospect of ending up upside down, there is also the disturbing consideration that, with proper planning, I could have been turning myself into someone better looking. Bradley Cooper was at the gala, too, and looking great.
There was a time when I thought Tom Berenger was the ideal of male beauty, with a perfect shy smile. In that strangely lovely thriller Someone To Watch Over Me, when he and Mimi Rogers kissed each other, it was like the meeting of true mouths. But for later roles he thought his mouth needed surgical enhancement,
Clive James: ‘It is not yet against the law to be frivolous…’
…In the US, it’s a reason to hand names to the FBI
The US attorney general, Loretta Lynch. Photograph: Patsy Lynch/Rex/Shutterstock
Last week there were several sunny days in succession, arousing hopes that a teasingly hesitant spring might finally be arriving. A few birds showed up. One neat little bird that perched for a full minute in my maple tree was identified by a bird-wise friend as a coal tit. Provocatively, I suggested that, in view of the current hostility to anyone still evincing tolerance of fossil fuels, it might be better to call it a renewables tit. The bird flew off and my expert friend went home, leaving me trembling at the daring of my own heresy.
One of my most easily angered critics has been posting tweets, railing against my “climate blindness”. Already hard to please by my work in general, he says that the occasional remarks in which I flaunt my “science denial” have tested his patience “to the limit”. I am left to guess what he might do if his patience is tested beyond the limit. If he shows up at my door in a tank, I could try engaging him in a discussion of the renewables tit I just saw in my garden. Or I could try calling the police.
The latter option might still be possible in Britain, where it is not yet against the law to be frivolous about the oncoming disaster
Clive James: ‘Fixing my maple tree will cost a few bob. I’d write a poem, but it won’t make any money’
Even the best poets would be in career trouble without the occasional grant or award
Clive James photographed next to his maple tree last year. Photograph: Alicia Canter for the Guardian
My maple tree, about which I wrote a poem saying it would outlive me, is suddenly half dead and soon might be fully so. Yesterday, looking like a demoralised triffid, it was taken away in a van to a clinic for sick maple trees. Its chances are not great. Meanwhile, squadrons of trolls are preparing their epigrams about my presumptuous misreading of the future. Embarrassing? Totally.
But having guessed wrong about my immediate death, I must be careful about forecasting the same fate for the tree. Perhaps it can be fixed. The treatment, however, will cost a few bob. I have considered writing another poem on the subject, but poems don’t make much money. This fact is well known in my native Australia, where the Council for the Arts is a haven for progressive intellectuals self-tasked with the mission to redistribute the money of taxpayers, who might waste it, among creative “communities”, which are sure to. Careful provision is made for the community of poets.
Since the market for poetry is so small, even the best poets would be in career trouble without the odd grant or award. I have never had much official help myself, but I got the beginnings of a free education, so have nothing to complain about. And anyway, most council grants go to institutions, not individual artists.
Clive James: ‘This carcinoma was starting to look like the alien that erupts from John Hurt’s chest’
When we were kids in quest of a tan, we would lie around forever being cooked by ultra-violet rays, and the results show up around now in the form of skin cancers
Alien, 1979. Photograph: Sportsphoto Ltd./Allstar/20th Century
At 4.30 in the morning, I woke with a tongue bigger than my mouth. I couldn’t swallow anything, not even water. But I could breathe, and the last time something like this happened, it went away by itself. So, although I felt as if I were swallowing a pillow, I decided not to bother anybody until a decent hour.
By 7.30, it felt as if I were swallowing two pillows and a duvet, so I phoned my daughter, who lives next door. “Dough neeb do banigh,” I explained, “bud I migh neeb do go do hothbidal.” She helped me pack a shoulder-bag in case I needed to stay in.
At the Addenbrooke’s A&E unit, I was glad to have her with me as a translator when I told the doctors on duty that one of the drugs in my bag was vital and that I hadn’t been able to take my morning dose yet. Try saying that with two pillows and a duvet in your mouth, plus a soft sofa. But eventually the intravenous drugs worked my tongue loose, and after about nine hours we were going back the other way. The whole family, including my granddaughter’s dog, was waiting at home to tell me in turn that if it happened again, I should yell for help straight off.
The next day I spent resting up for, guess what, a trip to Addenbrooke’s, where I was due to be examined by the dermatologists prior to.............
Clive James: ‘Is it time to retrain as an actor?’
Should I change profession to something useful? Does the same thought ever occur to, say, Bruce Willis
Does Bruce Willis ever wonder whether it is too late to train as a doctor? Photograph: Allstar/20th Century Fox
Slow to recover after my recent medical emergency, I have spent several days on my back pondering what life is for. Is it for doing more of what I have already done, or should I change profession to something useful? Does the same thought ever occur to, say, Bruce Willis? As he changes his vest for the next scene in A Good Day to Die Hard Again or Die Hard With Pursed Lips, is he wondering whether it is too late to train as a doctor? At which point I, having been trained as a journalist, check up to make sure that he was not trained as a doctor. If he was, I would need to change the previous sentence to have him wondering about whether it was too late to train as a fireman.
Restlessly I remember The Towering Inferno, in which Steve McQueen played a fireman: presumably from choice, possibly out of the exhausted artist’s deep longing to do something useful....
Forum Jump: ----------------------------- Pete Atkin ----------------------------- - News - Newsletter - Gigs - *oDs - Music - Words - Chums - Shrinks - Members ----------------------------- Not Pete Atkin -----------------------------=> Off-topic ----------------------------- Atkin admin ----------------------------- - Atkin FAQ - Forum FAQ - Tech
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Play Rugby > IRELAND > Rugby Academy International
Ireland, Dublin – Rugby Academy International
The Rugby Academy provides athletes of various levels with the perfect Rugby training programme according to their age and experience. The training centres are based in Ireland, England, France and New Zealand.
The rugby programme allows athletes to improve their Rugby and individual skills with the best coaches available in a safe, enjoyable and stimulating environment within the best rugby countries. For 2018, 2019 and 2020 we will be running the rugby academy in conjunction with important leading rugby schools and clubs, considered among the best in the world.
Rugby and English Academy
This is a Rugby and English programme that allows students to improve their English while they are also participating in a specific rugby training programme. Students taking part in Rugby and English Academy will attend classes in the morning which follow the same layout as a General English Course. Four afternoons per week students participate in a predetermined rugby training programme with a match being held every week, if feasible. Students go on a half day cultural trip once per week and there is a full day excursion on Saturdays.
Date: All Year Round
Locations: Ireland, one of the most historic rugby colleges in Ireland, swimming pool and other sports facilities
Age Grade: Athletes 6 to 25 years old
Type: Rugby and English Academy
Duration: 2 or more weeks
Accommodation: Host Family (full immersion in traditional Irish rugby family life) or College (full board)
Level of Rugby: Beginners, Intermediate, Advanced, Elite
Level of English: Elementary, Pre-intermediate, Intermediate, Upper Intermediate, Advanced
Extracurricular activities: Excursions, Leisure and Sport Activities
Ireland is an island located to the north-west of continental Europe and has a population of about 4.5 million people. It is a beautiful place with a strong cultural and historical tradition. Visitors often enjoy its beautiful landscape, with its green unspoilt countryside and magnificent coastline and are often amazed by the huge diversity in the Irish landscape. Yes, it does rain but this is partly why Ireland truly is so green and beautiful. Ireland really does have something to offer everybody.
One of the biggest attractions of Ireland is the people themselves. They are famous for their warm welcome, friendly natures and hospitality. Their wiliness to “have a chat” with almost anybody means that students never stop learning and have constant opportunity to practice speaking. Students often form strong friendships and stay in touch with their Irish families long after they return home.
The college is located in a beautiful green spot in Ireland.
The College is situated within seventy-acres of beautiful mature parkland which includes rugby and soccer pitches, a gymnasium, a weight room, a running track, a cricket crease with pavilion and a table tennis room. Recently, the College opened six newly constructed tennis courts complete with floodlights.
This is considered one of the most modern school sports campus in the country.
The College can accommodate residential students on-site, most in comfortable, single, double or triple rooms accommodation.
The catering facilities provide both hot and cold meals and a range of snacks.
The school was founded in the 1800 and the rugby posts were first erected in the college more than 100 years ago, that means that students will breath many years of rugby history.
RUGBY ACADEMY HIGHLIGHTS
Name: Rugby Academy International: Train, Play and Compete (2 weeks) & Excellence in Rugby (4 weeks)
Contents: More than 10 hours a week of training and interrelated activities, including educational lessons, coaching, individual skills exercises
Development of Individual, mini-unit and team skills, mental strength, intelligence and rugby abilities
Training analysis: through video support (if appropriate)
Nutrition: General and specific nutritional talks
Coaches: All Camp Managers are fully IRFU accredited coaches and have additionally completed IRFU Safe Rugby and the World Rugby First Aid in Rugby
Special Features: High-Performance Rugby and Strength and Conditioning Programme. Irish and International youth players participation.
Optional: Scrum Academy, High-performance gym
SKILLS DEVELOPMENT & HIGH-PERFORMANCE RUGBY PROGRAMME
Skills Development Programme
At the Rugby Academy athletes focus on all aspects of the game and performing skills under pressure.
The Rugby Skills Development Programme is designed to develop players, based on the core four skills.
All sessions will have one of these four core skills as its main focus, which will be assessed and developed progressively.
Particular emphasis will be placed on the following topics:
# Communication and the ability to make decisions under pressure
# Leadership activation; mental strength; tactical intelligence
Additional aspects include (when appropriate):
# Functional assessment and development
# Speed, Agility and Quickness
# Game related fitness
# Strength and conditioning
Players who attend the Rugby Academy will be coached by Top Level coaches, fully DBS checked and first aid trained. Our staff, which includes a full-time physiotherapist, will be looking after players at all other times. They conform to Ireland, England, France and New Zealand’s Rugby Football Union and the World Rugby’s guidance in teaching rugby.
Hi-Performance Development Programme
The Rugby Academy will provide players and teams with an opportunity to experience a development programme which will be tailored to the team and/or the individual.
# Technical skill assessment and progressive development
# Tactical skill assessment and development (including analysis where appropriate)
# Strength, Power and Conditioning assessment and development
# Nutritional appraisal (assessment) and consultation
# Access to expert coaching and fitness training
# Access to top-level coaches and playing facilities
# Performance analysis, Goal setting, Performance planning
# Medical and Functional Assessment and support (where and when applicable)
RUGBY COURSE CONTENTS AND COACHING
All participants will be assisted, coached and guided by IRFU professional coaches, professional players and experienced English teacher. All our teaching and coaching staff are native English speaker.
Particular emphasis will be placed on the following topics: individual skills and techniques; mini-unit and team skills; communication and the ability to make decisions. Athletes will learn the essential techniques required to play the game safely, they will learn and develop new skills and ways to express themselves in a team environment. During each rugby training session, there will be “humbleness” that comes by working with a group and the “conscientiousness” for the safety and enjoyment of all players involved.
Athletes will have more than 10 hours a week of training and interrelated activities, which include educational lessons, coaching, individual skills exercises, development of mental strength, intelligence and rugby abilities.
Rugby matches and training will be analysed through video support.
Players will also gain a greater understanding of the importance of physical fitness, strength and conditioning and what it is appropriate for young players at any age or stage of the long-term player development continuum. There will be general and specific nutritional talks on how best to eat to be healthy while playing sports.
All Camp Managers are fully accredited IRFU coaches and have additionally completed IRFU Safe Rugby and World Rugby First Aid in Rugby.
SCRUM ACADEMY PROGRAMME: OPTIONAL
Scrum Academy Programme (minimum stay 2 weeks)
The Scrum Academy provides a scrum coaching development programme that includes the most current and up to date trends in the game. The programme is delivered by highly qualified & experienced coaches in a professional and engaging manner.
# Foundation Blocks
# Bindings
# The Power Position
# Safe Scrumming
# Scrum coaching
# Scrum Consultancy
# Scrum Analysis
We provide a high standard of scrum specific coaching that will increase and improve players and coaches’s scrum knowledge, scrum specific skills and overall qualities and abilities to perform and deliver under pressure.
ENGLISH COURSE HIGHLIGHTS
Type of course: General English with standards recognised by ACELS
Assessments: Assessment test before the start of the course, weekly progress and End-of-Course Assessments
English classes per week: 15 hours (two 90-minute lessons per day)
Students per class: Maximum of 15 students per class
Course Materials: All included
Diploma: Certificate of Attendance and Completion
Teachers: All our teaching staff are university graduates and qualified to teach English as a foreign language (TEFL)
Level of English: All levels available, from Elementary (A1) to Advanced (C1)
Optional: Intensive English, TIE Exam, Trinity Exam, Cambridge Exam preparation
ENGLISH COURSE CONTENTS
General English Course
Students generally attend classes in the morning which follow the same layout as a General English Course. There are 15 hours English classes per week held Monday to Friday and split into two 90 minute lessons per day. Class size is restricted to a maximum of 15 students and all levels are available from Elementary (A1) to Advanced (C1).
Two teachers, covering different prearranged areas of the syllabus, work alternately with each class. One teacher takes the first 90-minute session which focuses on language in use, vocabulary and grammar practice. After a short break, the second teacher starts the next 90-minute session which covers conversational practice, pronunciation, listening and speaking. This work share provides variety for the students and allows them to benefit from different personalities and teaching styles.All our teaching staff are university graduates and are qualified to teach English as a foreign language (TEFL).
All of the staff at “Rugby and English” are committed to offering students the best education during their stay. We inspire students to work diligently to improve in all aspects of the English language.
Our experienced teaching staff are well trained and highly qualified in what they teach. They are up to date with the latest methods in teaching English as a foreign language and combine academic excellence with the sensitivity and receptiveness for each student’s individual needs, talents and potential.
All “Rugby and English” teachers are university graduates with qualifications in teaching English as a Foreign Language (TEFL) and are respected for their knowledge and professionalism.
CLASSES AND ACTIVITIES (Day one)
Classes and Activities (and day one)
Classes are on from 9:30 until 13:00 with a 30-minute break at 11:00. After class, there is a 60-minute lunch break. After lunch, depending on the programme, there will be sports, activities or a cultural trip. Students must be ready at the designated time.
The first day in the college is somewhat different to the rest. Students are advised to arrive at 9:00 to allow for unforeseen delays as they may not be familiar with the bus timetable or the route. At 9:30 there will be a short introduction by the camp manager and principal. After there will be an assessment test, which is used to determine the level of English so students can be placed in the appropriate class.
After the test students meet in the main hall again. Here a staff member will go through the college rules and some other important information. The students are then taken on a tour of the college. At the end of the tour, students will be divided into their appropriate classes and attend the second-morning class until lunch time. After lunch students on the general course go on a familiarisation trip, while students on the specialised sports courses have training.
Please note that all students on “Play Rugby and Learn English” programme MUST bring their training equipment with them on the first day (Gumshield included!).
Students on the familiarisation tour will arrive back to the college by approximately 17:00. For further excursions to the city centre, students staying with the host families, do not return to the college but travel directly home to the host family.
Students on “Play Rugby and Learn English” programme will finish training at approximately 17:00 – 17:30.
ENGLISH COURSE CERTIFICATE
Students will receive the English course materials and workbooks as part of the programme. After completion of the English course, a Certificate of Attendance will be issued to each student. It certifies the progress that has been made and the level of English reached.
TIE EXAM: OPTIONAL
TIE EXAM (minimum stay 4 weeks)
The Test of Interactive English (TIE) is a recognized English Language Examination designed specifically to meet the needs of all students coming to Ireland to learn and improve their English. TIE is designed to assess learners’ communicative and interactive skills in both predictable and spontaneous situations.
It assesses the students’ level of language ability in speaking and writing, with the receptive skills (reading and listening) being tested indirectly through preparation for the test and through the skills required to interact effectively during the test.
The test is task-based with the content chosen by each individual learner and can, therefore, be used to assess learners with the following needs and motivations:
# learners of English for general purposes;
# learners of English for business, professional or academic purposes;
# learners of English as a second language.
CERTIFICATE After taking TIE, each candidate is awarded a certificate recording their 2 grades. This certificate tells candidates their level for each part of the test – oral and written – and awards them a separate grade for each section.
INTENSIVE ENGLISH, ENGLISH FOR SPECIFIC PURPOSES, TRINITY AND CAMBRIDGE EXAMS PREPARATION: OPTIONALS
Optionals:
Trinity Exam
EXTRACURRICULAR ACTIVITIES HIGHLIGHTS
Half-day excursions: 1 per week
Full day excursions: 1 per week
Evening activities: Karaoke, barbecue, Irish night and disco.
In addition to training, students go on one half day cultural trip per week. These are normally to local visitor attractions such as galleries, museums, sports stadiums or other popular sites. Students travel to the locations with their group leader(s) and one or more “Play Rugby” activity leader. Admission fees are included.
One full day excursion per week, usually on Saturdays, is also included. Students travel to places of interest, normally outside the city, by private bus. Admission fees are included. There are no organised activities on Sundays as many groups, host families or friends like to organise their own day.
Evening activities are held several times every week. These can include discos, Irish nights, karaoke, quiz night, treasure hunts, sports & games competitions, movie nights, barbecues and much more. Evening activities normally take place between 20:00 and 22:00 but this can vary depending on the activity and age group of the students.
The activities programme provides students with an opportunity to absorb some of Ireland’s rich heritage in a fun and relaxed way while also allowing students the opportunity to improve their English. This informal and social aspect of the programme is key to improving language skills. It also allows students from different nationalities to get to know each other outside the classroom. Some of the friendships made at “Rugby and English” will last a lifetime.
ACCOMMODATION AND SUPERVISION HIGHLIGHTS
Accommodations: Host Family Accommodation with selected Irish families or College Accommodationon full board basis
Location: Located in one of quietest residential areas of the city
Internet: WIFI Supervised access to computer and Internet facilities
Room type: Single or twin rooms, students share their accommodation with other students of different nationality (if feasible)
Assistance: 24/7 emergency phone
COLLEGE ACCOMMODATIONS
Boarding schools offer an alternative to the “host family” option for students who wish to immerse themselves in the complete school experience. Boarding offers a unique community orientated way of life and suits students who are outgoing, sporty & adaptable. It offers a comprehensive academic and extracurricular environment which serves to develop each student to their full all-around potential.
The “Rugby and English” campus is a self-contained community, which offers children a degree of independence and freedom to explore whilst providing a safe and secure environment. The well-being of our students is at the heart of our boarding provision. With a generous staff to student ratio, we guarantee round-the-clock care within a happy, well-ordered environment. We encourage staff to cultivate a friendly, lively, family atmosphere to ensure all students feel comfortable, contented and supported while they are away from home.
The College can accommodate residential students on-site, most in comfortable double or triple rooms accommodation. All the accommodation used by the Language School students is of extremely high quality. Each bedroom is either situated very close to our modern wash and toilet facilities or, alternatively, has its own en-suite shower room. Each student will have their own wardrobe, drawers, desk and chair.
The catering facilities provide both hot and cold meals and a wide range of snacks.It is open before school and at break times.
HOST FAMILY ACCOMMODATIONS
Host family accommodation
Students attending “Rugby and English” should stay with host families. All our families are inspected and carefully selected by our accommodation officers who maintain regular contact with each host family during a student’s stay. Host families are conveniently located to the colleges and most have many years experience looking after students.
Accommodation is arranged on a full board basis with packed lunch Monday to Saturday.
Students normally share a room with a student of a similar age but of a different nationality. Unless specifically requested and if feasible there is only one student of any particular nationality in each family.
Students normally travel to classes each day by public transport like bus, DART (suburban train) or LUAS (tram). Private transfers can also be arranged at an additional cost.
Living with a host family gives a perspective into Irish family life. The interaction with a host family plays a prominent role in developing language skills.
STAFF AND SUPERVISION
All of the staff at “Rugby and English” are committed to offering our students the best education during their stay. We inspire our students to work diligently so they can effectively improve their English proficiency.
Our experienced teaching staff are well trained and highly qualified in what they teach. They are up to date with the latest methods in teaching English as a foreign language and combine academic excellence with sensitivity and receptiveness to each student’s individual needs, talents and potential.
All “Rugby and English” teachers are university graduates with qualifications in teaching English as a Foreign Language (TEFL) and are respected for their knowledge and professionalism.
Students travel to the locations with their group leader(s) and one or more “Play Rugby” activity leader.
All students are supervised by “Play Rugby” activity leaders. During the day, students take part in supervised school classes, training sessions, activities and excursions. During the evening, students will also have a programme of supervised activities.
All the students have 24-hour emergency assistance.
WEEK WITH RUGBY ACADEMY*
SAMPLE WEEKLY TIMETABLE (WITH RUGBY ACADEMY)
TIME MONDAY TUESDAY WEDNESDAY THURSDAY FRIDAY SATURDAY SUNDAY
9:30-11:00 CLASS CLASS CLASS CLASS CLASS Full day Excursion Activity day
11:00-11:30 Morning Break Morning Break Morning Break Morning Break Morning Break
11:30-13:00 CLASS CLASS CLASS CLASS CLASS
13:00-14:00 Lunch Lunch Lunch Lunch Lunch
14:30-16:30 RUGBY RUGBY RUGBY RUGBY Excursion / Rugby
18:00-19:00 Dinner Dinner Dinner Dinner Dinner
EVENING Evening Activity Evening Activity Evening Activity Evening Activity Evening Activity
The Educational Programme “Play Rugby and Learn English” is recognised by the Irish and British Departments of Education. The courses are structured on 5 levels (CEFR) divided into 20 lessons per week. Schools, English courses, teachers, teaching method and learning experience are reviewed, inspected, checked to precisely meet the linguistic and organizational standards imposed by ACELS in Ireland and the British Council in the UK.
* Please note: Schedule is subject to change without notice.
JULY Accommodation 2 WEEKS 3 WEEKS 4 WEEKS
Rugby Academy International Train, Play and Compete Family 1.690 Eu 2.535 Eu 3.380 Eu
Rugby Academy International Train, Play and Compete College 1.890 Eu TBA TBA
Rugby Academy International Excellence in Rugby Family 1.690 Eu 2.535 Eu 3.380 Eu
Rugby Academy International Excellence in Rugby College 1.890 Eu TBA TBA
Fees includes
Fees do not include
Assessment Test
15 hours English classes per week (two 90 minutes lessons per day)
Maximum of 15 students per class
All Course Materials
All levels available, from Elementary (A1) to Advanced (C1).
Two teachers working alternately with each class
Certificate of Attendance and Completion
All our teaching staff are university graduates and qualified to teach English as a foreign language (TEFL)
More than 10 hours a week of training and interrelated activities, including educational lessons, coaching, individual skills exercises, development of mental strength, intelligence and rugby abilities
Rugby matches and training analysis through video supports
Physical fitness, strength and conditioning workshops
General and specific nutritional talks
All Camp Managers are fully IRFU accredited coaches and have additionally completed IRFU Safe Rugby and the World Rugby First Aid in Rugby
1 half-day excursion per week
1 full day excursion per week
3 evening activities per week, such as treasure hunt, karaoke, Irish night, disco
ACCOMMODATION and SUPERVISION
Host Family Accommodation with selected families on full board basis
College Accommodation on full board basis
Located in one of Dublin’s quietest residential areas
Supervised access to computer and Internet facilities
All rooms twin and students share with a different nationality
24/7 emergency phone
Airport transfer to family / College and vice versa
Subscription to public transport service
All that is not included in “the price includes”
INTENSIVE ENGLISH AND EXAMS PREPARATION
On request, Intensive English or English for specific purposes
On request, preparation for the Cambridge exam which includes additional lessons
On request, preparation for the Trinity exam which includes additional lessons
On request, preparation for the TIE exam
ACCOMMODATION AND MEALS
Extra day with host family: 30,00 Eu
Hot lunch from Monday to Friday at the College canteen: 50,00 Eu per week
Individual Student Arrival and Departure airport transfers: 75,00 Eu per person each way (reductions available for groups)
Weekly ticket for private school bus (evening activities included): 30,00 Eu per week
Bus&Dart pass: 2 weeks 70,00 Eu, 3 weeks 94,00 Eu, 4 weeks 119,00 Eu
Bus&Luas pass: 2 weeks 70,00 Eu, 3 weeks 94,00 Eu, 4 weeks 119,00 Eu
RUGBY PROGRAMME HIGHLIGHTS
January, February, July 2018: Other popular courses
Rugby is honesty, respect for the rival, team working and sharing of traditional values.
Ramon, Spain
Rugby is: life! For my son Daniel (10), this is the most important thing in life and way of life that makes him immensely happy.
Boris, Croatia
Rugby is a different way of living in sacrifice, team work, enjoy, respect and love.
Guillermo, Spain
Rugby is my favourite sport because it is both very physical and technical. It is all about the team and it has got great values.
Josselin, France
A fun way to promote youth development.
Jack, U.S.A.
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