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__label__wiki	0.591661	0.591661	The Pickles Paradox I have conflicting thoughts about Mr Eric Pickles this morning. A couple of days ago I welcomed his announcement that the pay of senior council officers should be scrutinised to eradicate tax avoidance arrangements. The full statement from the Department of Communities and Local Government can be read here . I am all for greater transparency leading to improved accountability. With that in mind, it is worrying that the Freedom of Information Act is currently under threat after the Ministry of Justice issued a report recommending that that members of the public and journalists should be charged for obtaining information, this may make transparency through legislation vital. I trust, however, that common sense will prevail and the huge importance and overriding advantages of the Act will be recognised and strengthened rather than curtailed in any way at all. I have used the Act, in my own small way, through the public WhatDoTheyKnow site, in an attempt to open up Carmarthenshire Council and place on public record details of decisions and expenditure which would otherwise remain hidden. I have had varying degrees of success and failure whilst wading through the treacle of FoI Carmarthenshire. Incidentally, for those that value the Act there is something of a campaign on Twitter to preserve and bolster our access to information, where you will find links to excellent blogposts from an assortment of campaigners which include members of the public, journalists and even FoI officers. (for those familiar with Twitter, use the hashtag #foi or #savefoi) However, it was this morning's announcement by Mr Pickles that he will overturn the judge's ruling over council prayers that raises some interesting issues. I mentioned this the other day (To power..and beyond) and as I said, it was not whole ethical issue of religious ritual I found significant but the limitations which had been placed on the power of local authorities under the Local Government Act. In his actions, Mr Pickles has pushed through the part of the Localism Bill which basically enables Local Authorities to do anything an individual can do as long as it is not illegal. This is not far removed from the powers already available in the Local Government Act, where virtually anything is possible as long as it is to 'promote the functions of the council and the well-being of the residents' - this can be very widely interpreted indeed and led the judge in the Bideford case to consider a summon to prayer, not the act of prayer itself, as over and above this function. It seems to me that this element of the new Localism Bill will do nothing promote local democracy and public 'empowerment', but will merely strengthen the position of local authorites, particularly those considered less than democratic. The problem is that the word 'illegal' is too narrow it doesn't cover those endless grey areas of local government about which the judge in the 'prayers' case was attempting to define. By furthering 'Localism' in this manner is Mr Pickles actually creating less accountable governance? There is, however, another side to this that could be applied to our own Welsh Government, and particularly our Minister for Local Government; if he (Mr Pickles) can use his powers to overturn a judicial decision (I think it may remain to be seen whether he actually can) to enable local authorities to circumvent the limitations of the Local Government Act, who's to say that this cannot happen in reverse? Maybe our own Minister does have the power to overturn decisions, made by local authorites, it's senior officers, Executive Boards or full councils when those decisions are clearly not designed, nor intended, to either promote it's 'functions' and are in direct conflict with interest of local residents and democracy? The Council, the church...and more on 'exempt item... Pantycelyn School - The Last Stand Ombudsman warns councils over legal costs Old Grumpy's is back! Council budget meeting....and a sleeping councillo... Know your limitations... Stress management, budgets and balls. More Questions on the 'Undertaking' and a couple o... To power...and beyond... Meryl scrapes through...and the undertaking is bac... Private Eye - In The Back - Disabled Care Carmarth... Filming and spending petitions back at the Senedd.... The dark corners of County Hall.... Notice; Libel case Council abandon unlawful 'filming' undertaking	cc/2019-30/en_head_0021.json.gz/line12459
__label__wiki	0.978963	0.978963	Colony’s Daniel Díaz nominated for a Screen Award Head of Audience Marketing named in Screen Awards’ 2016 Rising Star shortlist This is Daniel's first nomination since joining Colony The Screen Awards "celebrate the people and companies dedicated to connecting audiences with films, with categories covering distribution, exhibition, marketing, publicity and brand partnerships". We are thrilled that Daniel’s been included in this year’s Rising Star category. “…I’m delighted to see my team’s work being recognised” said Daniel. Daniel joined the Colony team in March 2015 and has since been responsible for audience growth and devising the platform’s marketing strategy across community, events, content, PR and paid channels. Daniel began his career in brand strategy and research before moving into film marketing, managing social media campaigns for indie and blockbuster releases including 12 Years A Slave, Man Of Steel, The Hobbit: The Desolation of Smaug and Filth, among others. Prior to joining Colony, Daniel lived in Chile where he managed what became the country’s biggest film crowdfunding campaign as producer and marketing lead of feature film Camaleón, which is premiering in cinemas across Chile later this year. The Screen Awards judging panel includes industry experts from the likes of BBC Films, Protagonist Pictures and Film4. Last year the rising star prize was bestowed on Claire Loewenthal from independent film distribution and production company Signature Entertainment, whose slate of films include Kids In Love, which is coming soon to Colony. The marketing campaigns behind films such as Star Wars: Force Awakens, Suffragette and Bolshoi Babylon have also been recognised. The winners will be announced on October 20th 2016. More information can be found on the Screen Awards website here. Business Development, Awards Colony is a new global video streaming platform connecting passionate fans with award-winning films and exclusive behind-the-scenes content Visit Colony › © 2017 Colony	cc/2019-30/en_head_0021.json.gz/line12465
__label__cc	0.525704	0.474296	Bugwoman on Location – Dale Chihuly at Kew Gardens Sapphire Star by Dale Chihuly (2010) Dear Readers, this week I went to Kew Gardens with my friend J to see the Dale Chihuly glass sculptures. I visited Kew for Chihuly’s previous exhibition in 2005 and remember sharing the photos with Mum, so it was bittersweet, but then everything seems to have the flavour of remembrance this year. Still, it is impossible to be melancholy in the presence of these sculptures, which blaze with colour and life even on a dull day with rain threatening. The first sculpture, ‘Sapphire Star’, looks as if it is about to explode, the transparent glass on the outside held in by gravitational pull of the heavier blue centre. I knew little about Chihuly, other than that he is considered to be the absolute master of blown glass, so here is a potted history. He was born in Tacoma, Washington, in 1941, to a Hungarian/Czech father, and a Swedish/Norwegian mother. His brother was killed in a navy flight-training accident in 1957 and a year later, his father died of a heart attack aged 51, leaving Chihuly and his indomitable mother alone. Chihuly started his studies in art and interior design in 1960 but he was soon frustrated, and travelled extensively in Italy and the Middle East. His first experiments in glass were in a weaving class in 1963, where he incorporated glass shards into textiles, but he didn’t blow his first glass until 1965. In 1966 he joined the first ever glassblowing course in the United States, at the University of Wisconsin. Glass had become Chihuly’s primary source of artistic expression, and he went from strength to strength, winning a Louis Comfort Tiffany grant to extend his studies. He became the first American to ever work in Murano in Venice. He taught glass blowing and art for many years at a variety of alternative colleges, closing one down to protest the American involvement in Cambodia in 1970. Throughout his life he collaborates with other artists, and in the 1970’s begins his environmental pieces, designed to be placed outside. While in England in 1976 he suffers a catastrophic car accident, which leaves him with 256 stitches in his face and a permanently damaged right leg and ankle. He is also blinded in his left eye. Undaunted, he returns to the US to take up his role as head of the Department of Glass at Rhode Island School of Design. For the first time, some of his pieces are bought by the Metropolitan Museum of Art in New York, which introduces him to a much wider public. Dale Chihuly (Photo One) In 1977 Chihuly starts to experiment with the organic forms that have informed his work ever since. In 1979, however, he damages his shoulder in a bodysurfing accident, and gives up the role of personally blowing all his glass. Going forward, his works are a collaboration between his vision and technical skill, and those who actually do the physical labour. He has mentored many of the up and coming glass artists in the world, and is incredibly prolific, with several exhibitions in different parts of the world every year. One of which, of course, is the one that I’m at Kew to see. The influence of the natural world on Chihuly’s work is everywhere evident, but it is the natural world transformed – everything is bigger, brighter, more colourful than the original. It feels a little as if Disney’s ‘Snow White’ was seen by someone on LSD. And yet, I was definitely cheered up by Chihuly’s pieces – the sheer exuberance and colour lifts the spirits however Eeyore-ish one is feeling. And with some of them, I was actually left speechless. Like the new installation in the recently refurbished Temperate House, for example. Who could fail to be moved by the beauty of the colours and the skill involved? And indeed the Temperate House is Chihuly central, with sculptures outside… and inside…. I think the sculptures are at their most effective when they mirror the surrounding plants, as in the red example above, or in the green and yellow sculptures in the accompanying pond. I am not quite so sure about the mass of white shapes in the other corner, though I do like that they reference beluga whales. One installation is a little bit off the beaten track, in the Japanese garden. It’s called Niijima Floats. Niijima Floats (2010) The spheres remind me of playing marbles when I was a little girl, and I like how varied and understated they were. The gravel is scraped into a circle around each piece, and the whole thing has a serene, surprising aspect, as if a giant has been playing marbles and has just stepped outside for a moment. I could have looked at it endlessly. I rather liked this piece too, which is called Neodymium Reeds and Turquoise Marlins, the ‘Neodymium’ referring to the rare-earth metal that is used to produce the incredible lavender colour (which the photo hardly does justice to). The pieces are arranged on either side of King William’s Temple, which was built in 1837 and contains images of British victories from Minden in 1759 to Waterloo. But my very favourite place in the whole of Kew is the small, hot, usually crowded Waterlily House. Whenever I visit the plants seem at the very pitch of perfection, and I can only imagine the work that it takes to keep them that way. But this time it has been ‘invaded’. Take a look. And how beautiful these white and glass forms are. Yesterday, I was gobsmacked by them, overwhelmed by their presence. And yet. Have a look at the waterlilies and lotuses that shared the pond with them. Lotus flower and seed pod Waterlily (Nymphaloides indica) I don’t know, maybe I’m being a curmudgeon, but there is something about some of Chihuly’s work that seems to overwhelm rather than complement. It says ‘look at me’ rather than ‘look at us’. And sometimes, that bright, brashness is just what I want and need, and I don’t care that it punches me in the nose. But as I get older, I feel like there is a bit too much over-confidence, and not enough hesitancy. I am becoming an admirer of the subtle, the nuanced, the uncertain. Maybe that’s why I liked the ‘marbles’ piece more than the piece in the waterlily house, or some of the other more colourful, assertive works. If you have a chance to visit the exhibition, do – Kew is always such a delight, and the trees in particular are splendid at the moment. Plus I had no idea that Kew had active badger setts, which cheered me up no end. And do let me know what you think. There is no doubt in my mind that Chihuly is a master of his art, an innovator and a mentor, and I admire him tremendously. But I think I would like his work more if it didn’t overwhelm the plants quite so much. Maybe that’s why I have no problem with his pieces in places like the lobby of the Victoria and Albert Museum. Context is everything. Chandelier in the rotunda of the Victoria and Albert Museum (Photo Two) Photo One by By Bryan Ohno – Chihuly Studio photography collection, Seattle, Washington, CC BY 3.0, https://commons.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?curid=5664073 Photo Two by Rod Allday / Chandelier in the rotunda of the V & A museum This entry was posted in Bugwoman on Location on June 22, 2019 by Bug Woman. Wednesday Weed – Columbine Columbine (Aquilegia vulgaris) Dear Readers, this seems to have been a particularly good year for columbines.They are the quintessential cottage garden plant, but I was surprised to discover that the small flowered blue form, as seen above, is a native. Because various forms of columbine are grown so frequently in the garden it’s hard to determine what the actual range of the plant is, but Aquilegia, a genus of about 70 species, are found throughout the northern hemisphere. Aquilegia vulgaris seems to like calcium-rich soils, woodland areas and damp grassland, and is most common in the south and west of the UK – I found the flowers in the photos today in Somerset and Dorset. Columbine has many, many local names. Most refer to the shape of the flowers: my Vickery’s Folk Flora tells me that the plant is known as ‘Doves-in-the-ark’ in Somerset; the name ‘Columbine’ comes from the Latin word for dove, ‘columba‘, with the inverted flower being said to resemble five doves clustered together. In Yorkshire it’s called ‘Fool’s hat’, a reference to flower’s resemblance to a jester’s cap. In Wiltshire it bears the name of ‘Granny-jump-out-of-bed’, possible because the petals resemble a skirt, though why granny was wearing her clothes in bed would probably make a story all on its own. ‘Aquilegia’ means ‘eagle-like’, and this is because the petals are supposed to look like an eagle’s claw. The wild form of columbine is usually dark blue, though it can also be found in pale pink and white. However, the ‘domesticated’ forms come in a huge variety of colours and flower shapes. Here are a selection: first, the cultivar ‘Magpie’ ‘Magpie’ cultivar (Photo One) Then this rather pretty blue cultivar And this pink one…. Pink flowered columbine (Public Domain) And a double-flowered one for good measure. Double-flowered columbine (Public Domain) What is interesting about the structure of the columbine, however, is that it is the spurs at the back of the flower hold the nectar. The length of these structures varies from species to species, but in all wild plants the spurs have evolved to match the bird or insect that pollinates it. In California, Aquilegia pubescens (also known as the Sierra columbine) is a high-altitude plant that has white flowers, and spurs up to 5 centimetres long. The plant is pollinated by hawk moths, insects with a liking for white-flowered plants and with a tongue long enough to reach the nectar. Sierra columbine (Aquilegia pubescens) (Photo Two) At lower altitudes, from Alaska to Baja California is the crimson columbine (Aquilegia formosa). Its red colour and much shorter spurs are a giveaway that its main pollinators are hummingbirds (most red-flowered wild plants were originally bird-pollinated). In between there are a whole host of hybrids between the two species, illustrating the way that the plant is adapting to the chief pollinators in each area. The process illustrates the way that plants and pollinators are locked into a dance of evolution, with each dependent on the other. The transition from Aquilegia pubescens to Aquilegia formosa (Photo Three) Crimson columbine (Aquilegia formosa) (Photo Four) For anyone who would like a closer look at the structure of the columbine flower, I recommend the UK Microscopy website, which has many fascinating insights. One of these days I shall treat myself to a microscope, maybe for my fast-approaching sixtieth birthday – I love the way that a close-up view reveals so many wonders. But in the meantime I shall keep going to UK Microscopy for my high-magnification fix. In the UK, columbine is a good bee plant, and is a nice choice for a woodland garden. It attracts mainly long-tongued bumblebees, and as seven of these species are considered endangered, it is well worth popping a few columbines into your understorey (should you have one). The bumblebee with the longest tongue in the UK is the garden bumblebee (Bombus hortorum), who has a tongue which can reach 2 cms long and is hence a match for any native columbine. My advice is to avoid the highly-bred fancy cultivars, and go for the dark blue natives. Plus, you don’t have to worry about isolating individual cultivars or even species in order to get them to ‘come true’ – as we have seen, columbines hybridize at the drop of a hat. Bee pollinating columbine (Photo Five) There seems to be some debate over whether Aquilegia vulgaris (‘our’ columbine) is poisonous – they are members of the Ranunculaceae or buttercup family, and are closely related to monkshood (Aconitum napellus), described as ‘the most toxic wild plant in Britain’. Some sites described the roots and stems as being toxic, and on the Poison Garden website, the dark columbine (Aquilegia atrata), which is native to northern Europe, is said to have been used to cause miscarriage. However, there are no recorded cases of poisoning, and it is often a favourite in children’s gardens because of its interesting flowers and bee-attracting properties. Plus, certain Native American tribes have long eaten the flowers, which I imagine are very sweet due to the concentrated nectar that they contain. St. Hildegard of Bingen (1098-1179) used the plant medicinally as a treatment for swollen glands, and it was also used to hasten childbirth. As with most herbal remedies, the dosage and the wisdom and understanding with which the plants were used has been largely lost, to all of our detriment. Many species of moth caterpillar munch upon the poor old columbine, and one of them is the saddleback looper, the larva of The Engrailed (Ectropis crepuscularia). The moth is not particularly exciting to look at, but I include it here because I have learned that the word ‘engrailed’ means ‘to have semicircular indentations along the edge’ in heraldry. You’re welcome. Adult male Engrailed moth (Ectropis crepuscularia) (Photo Six) A plant which has been grown in the UK since the 13th century is bound to have attracted some folklore, and one story is that lions ate columbine in order to give themselves strength – it was said that, to get the courage of a lion, all you needed to do was to rub the plant over your hands. However, if you are female and someone gives you a bunch of columbine, this is an indication that you are said to have ‘flexible morals’, and I think you would be well within your rights to summon up the courage of a lion and ‘clip them round the ear’ole’ as my Dad used to say. And, of course, a poem or two. When I looked for ‘Columbine poems’, I found many, many works about the school shooting at Columbine, a great outpouring of grief and rage and questioning. But I was most intrigued by, firstly, this work by Melissa Stein, who we encountered a few weeks ago writing about lily of the valley. Dear Columbine, Dear Engine by Melissa Stein Dear columbine, dear engine. Mere water will force a flower open. Then with a touch the beautiful intact collapses into color filament and powder. It’s all my fault. All hands on deck to help collect what’s spilled. That could be me beneath a bridge. Torn up beside the road, a bloat of skin and fur. Afloat in bathtub, clean, blue-lipped, forgiven. Face-down in the snow. Why do you imagine these terrible things? asks my mother, or her ghost. Because the paper’s crisp and white. Because no slate’s unwritten. Because the ant that scaled this flower head has nowhere else to go. And to end on a less distressing note, here is Emily Dickinson. There is a fine blogpost here by someone who is reproducing Emily Dickinson’s garden, and what a lovely idea that is. It’s Father’s Day here today as I write, and for some reason this poem made me think of my mother. See what you think. Glowing in her bonnet- Glowing in her cheek- Glowing is her Kirtle- Yet she cannot speak. Better as the Daisy From the summer hill Vanish unrecorded Save by tearful rill- Save by loving sunrise Looking for her face. Save by feet unnumbered Pausing at the place. Photo One by By JJ Harrison (https://www.jjharrison.com.au/) – Own work, CC BY-SA 3.0, https://commons.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?curid=5516707 Photo Two by By Dcrjsr – Own work, CC BY-SA 3.0, https://commons.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?curid=10776732 Photo Three by Dcrjsr – Own work, CC BY 4.0, https://commons.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?curid=50586172 Photo Four By Walter Siegmund (talk) – Own work, CC BY-SA 3.0, https://commons.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?curid=5491242 Photo Five by Roo72 [CC BY-SA 3.0 (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/3.0)] Photo Six by By ©entomartIn case of publication or commercial use, Entomart wishes then to be warned (http://www.entomart.be/contact.html), but this without obligation. Thank you., Attribution, https://commons.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?curid=806463 This entry was posted in London Invertebrates, London Plants on June 19, 2019 by Bug Woman. Bugwoman on Location – Crossrail Place Roof Garden Dear Readers, I am intrigued by the number of new imaginative green spaces that are springing up in Central London. Not long ago I popped in to see the roof garden at Fenchurch Street , and I was most impressed. However, I have been hearing great things about the roof garden at Canary Wharf. and so on a wet day earlier this week I took the Jubilee Line to Docklands, and popped in for a look. The garden is part of the Crossrail (now the Elizabeth Line) station, a project which, as we know, is well behind schedule. When completed, the trains will arrive on Level Four of the station, below the shops and restaurants and the garden. The architecture is typical of its designer Norman Foster and Partners, who was responsible for the Great Court at the British Museum and the new Kings Cross Station. What is particularly interesting however is that large sections of the roof of the garden are open to the elements (you can see an aerial photograph here. I had a chat with the gardeners who told me that this makes it quite a challenging space, with very differing levels of moisture and humidity. However, it looked absolutely splendid when I was there. The planting design is based around the kinds of plants that would originally have arrived in the docks, either as food plants or as ‘stowaways’ – there is sugar cane and banana, tea, coffee and black pepper. The garden is divided in two, with plants from the east on one side of the main path, and plants from the west on the other. This could make for a right old jumble, but actually it is a lovely place to stroll through, and the plants are in excellent condition. Rodgersia, palms and ferns Bottlebrush plant I was pleasantly surprised at how quiet it was at 10 a.m., though the gardeners told me that it is rammed at lunchtime. There are restaurants at either end, and a performance space called Giant Robot. There is a space for cookery lessons, and it was advertising sessions on Cuban and Persian food. By the time I left there were lots of London Mums from a dozen different cultures, walking their toddlers along the paths. It is a surprisingly child-friendly space, with lifts and escalators taking you down to very swish toilets with bright red glass doors. But what is so lovely about this place is that, unlike more enclosed spaces, it is full of birdsong – the full-throated warbling of a blackbird, and the bell-like chimes of a flock of goldfinches, feeding on the seeds of the American Sweet Gum tree. I loved the tree ferns too, such imposing plants. There is some fine bamboo in a variety of greens and yellows. And the roof frames some very unusual views of all the glass and steel buildings that surround the garden. The calls of gulls can be heard too, and I watched one herring gull harassing a crow – gulls nest on some of the flat roofs and rafts in the old docks, and can recognise trouble when they see it. So my advice is to go to the gardens early, avoid lunchtime and the evenings if you want a quieter experience, but do go and have a look. I suspect that it will be very attractive when some of the leaves change colour later in the year, and I have rarely seen a garden where the plants are so well looked-after. And who knows what other animals will move in? I saw several bees and hoverflies, all enjoying the plentiful flowers. So, if you are in London and want to visit Crossrail Place Roof Garden I would definitely make a detour to see it. I suspect it will be much busier once Crossrail actually happens, so don’t hang around! It’s only a five minute trot from Canary Wharf Station, and you could catch the whizzy Docklands Light Railway from Bank or Tower Gateway or Stratford. Try to sit at the front to get the full ‘rollercoaster’ experience. I have always thought of Docklands as being a soulless realm of men in suits, but it really is developing, finally, into something else. I was pleasantly surprised by how much fun it was, and by the variety of people who were enjoying it. London never ceases to surprise me. This entry was posted in Uncategorized on June 15, 2019 by Bug Woman. Wednesday Weed – Foxglove Foxglove (Digitalis purpurea) Dear Readers, I can never get past my mental image of a fox tiptoeing around the garden wearing pink ‘gloves’ on each foot when I look at this plant. The allusion goes right back to the Anglo Saxon, when it was known as ‘foxes glova‘, and the Latin name digitalis means ‘finger-like’. In some parts of the country it is also known as fairy gloves. I remember putting the spent blooms on my fingers and drawing little faces on them when I was a child, and Richard Mabey reports how, by leaving the stem of each flower intact, they can be turned into ‘claws’. In Vickery’s Folk Flora, there are many tales of children using the flowers as tiny balloons, holding each end of the flower and pushing the ends until they popped. It was also considered a great game to capture a bumblebee inside one of the flowers, and to delight in its frantic buzzing. In the Forest of Dean, foxgloves were known as ‘snowpers’, and a favourite admonition to a noisy child was ‘Shut thee chops; thee bist like a bumble bee in a snowper’. Certainly these always feel like the most playful of plants, and from memory they seemed to be in full bloom at just about the time that the school holidays started. Foxgloves are certainly having their moment ‘in the sun’ (though they are actually woodland flowers and most varieties don’t thrive without some shade). Every time I go to the garden centre there seem to be new varieties in every shade of cream, apricot, white and pink. They are biennials, bulking up during year one and producing flowers in year two. They self-seed enthusiastically, and are beloved by bumblebees. Digitalis purpurea is native to most of temperate Europe, but is also naturalised in many parts of North America. It is, rather counter-intuitively, a member of the plantain family (Plantaginaceae) which has been muchly enlarged of late. White foxgloves in my garden The story of foxgloves, however, is most closely associated with its toxicity and its medicinal properties. The leaves of foxglove were long used as a diuretic against dropsy (fluid accumulation), but it was also known that foxglove was toxic, and that giving the wrong dosage could be fatal. In Flora Britannica, Richard Mabey describes how it was a study of the plant’s usage by botanist and physician William Withering that created the split between traditional herbalism and modern pharmacology. Withering realised that the principal action of foxglove was on the heart, slowing and strengthening its beat and hence, in dropsy, stimulating the kidneys to clear fluid from the body. He also noted that the leaf could be useful in cases of heart failure. However, he insisted on carefully measured doses of the dried leaf, and was aware that too high a dose could cause the heart to falter and cease. Over time, the foxglove’s key active ingredient, digitalis, was isolated and purified, and is used today (as digitoxin and digoxin) for heart conditions. Incidentally, if you have an elderly relative taking either of these drugs who seems to be in a habit of falling, do check that the drug is not lowering blood pressure too much. Dad had six falls in as many months until a junior doctor checked his medication and realised what was happening. These days, the chemicals for medication are largely prepared from imported leaves of a European foxglove, Digitalis lanata. However, during both World Wars the leaves were gathered and dried by members of The Womens’ Institute, just to make sure that there was an adequate supply. In 1941 the women of the Oxfordshire Women’s Institute collected enough foxglove leaves to provide 350,000 doses of the drug (enough to treat 1,000 patients for a year). Never underestimate a group of woman on a mission. Although the plant is very poisonous, it is also emetic, which means that you are likely to vomit before suffering the worst cardiac effects. However, it was used as a salad ingredient by someone trying to murder their husband (in Colorado in 2010). The husband realised that the salad tasted bitter, but thought it was one of these antsy-fancy new leaves that are all the rage (I can relate). He suffered a gastrointestinal upset but survived, and his wife was sentenced to four and a half years in jail. In the Vickery book mentioned earlier, it seems that foxglove was also used for a deeply sinister purpose: the killing of unwanted children. There are several folk legends indicating that foxglove is poisonous to ‘fairies’, and it was used as a test to see if a sickly child was a changeling ( a fairy child who had been exchanged for the original human child) in both County Leitrim and Caernarvonshire, the latter as recently as 1857. A child was given a small dose of foxglove, and it was believed that if the child was human, it would survive, whereas if it was a fairy it would die. It would not take a very large dose to kill a child, especially one who was already ill. Vickery comments that ‘Thus it seems that the use of foxglove (and other ordeals to which supposed changelings were subjected) might have been an acceptable method of infanticide which enabled families to rid themselves of sickly offspring‘. Photo One The poisonous nature of the plant doesn’t put off the caterpillars of the foxglove pug moth (Eupithecia pulchellata), who feed on the internal parts of the flowers, after sewing them shut with silk. Both moth and caterpillar are unassuming in appearance, but for sheer ingenuity I think they deserve a brief moment of fame here. A foxglove pug (Eupithecia pulchellata) (Photo Two) And now, a picture. Regular readers will know of my fondness for Vincent Van Gogh, who loved flowers of all kinds so much that I believe he saw into their innermost nature. The portrait below shows Dr Paul Gachet, a homeopath and medical doctor, who took care of Van Gogh following his release from the asylum at Saint-Remy-de-Provence, and was with the artist for the last few months of his life. Following an inauspicious start, Van Gogh grew to love Dr Gachet, describing him as ‘a true friend, something like another brother’. The portrait shows Dr Gachet with a bunch of foxgloves, probably as an indication of his medical background. Van Gogh painted two versions of the picture, and said that: “I’ve done the portrait of M. Gachet with a melancholy expression, which might well seem like a grimace to those who see it… Sad but gentle, yet clear and intelligent, that is how many portraits ought to be done… There are modern heads that may be looked at for a long time, and that may perhaps be looked back on with longing a hundred years later”. Six weeks later, Van Gogh shot himself in the woods surrounding Dr Gachet’s home. In 1990 the painting was bought by Ryoei Saito, chairman of the Daishowa Paper Manufacturing Co, for $82m, making it the world’s most expensive painting at the time. The 75 year-old businessman was so fond of the painting that he threatened to have it cremated with him. When Saito died in 1996, the painting seems to have been sold, but the new owner suffered financial problems and sold it on again. Like so many masterpieces, it is probably now in a vault somewhere, or in a secret private collection. Portrait of Dr Gachet by Vincent Van Gogh (1890) (Public Domain) And of course, a poem. Here is ‘The Miracle of the Bees and the Foxgloves’ by Anne Stevenson, which manages to combine close observation with a sly humour. The Miracle of the Bees and the Foxgloves By Anne Stevenson Because hairs on their speckled daybeds baffle the little bees, foxgloves come out to advertise for rich bumbling hummers, who crawl into their tunnels-of-delight with drunken ease (see Darwin’s chapters on his foxglove summers) plunging over heckles caked with sex-appealing stuff to sip from every hooker its intoxicating liquor and stop it propagating in a corner with itself. And this is how the foxflower keeps its sex life in order. Two anthers—adolescent, in a hurry to dehisce— let fly too soon, so pollen lies in drifts around the floor. Along swims bumbler bee and makes an undercoat of this, reverses, exits, lets it fall by accident next door. So ripeness climbs the bells of Digitalis, flower by flower, undistracted by a Mind, or a Design, or by desire. In eight pages of The Effects of Cross- and Self-Fertilisation in the Vegetable Kingdom (London, 1876: 81–88), Charles Darwin describes an experiment he began in June 1869 among the fox- gloves of North Wales, this just one of his thousands of experiments demonstrating the superiority of cross-fertilization and throwing light on the origin of sexuality. Photo One by By i_am_jim – Own work, CC BY-SA 4.0, https://commons.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?curid=68449634 Photo Two by user janenannierocks at waarneming.nl, a source of nature observations in the Netherlands. – This image is uploaded as image number 3702949 at waarneming.nl, a source of nature observations in the Netherlands.This tag does not indicate the copyright status of the attached work. A normal copyright tag is still required. See Commons:Licensing for more information., CC BY 3.0, https://commons.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?curid=20563006 Settling Back Dear Readers, I am now home for eighteen whole days, which is my longest stay in East Finchley for at least a year. But before I tell you about London, I want to give you an update from my latest visit to Dad’s nursing home in Dorchester. Dad was chatting away to a new chap when I arrived at the home. P had been in the forces and had lived abroad extensively, and, as Dad travelled a fair bit when he was a gin distiller, they were gently ‘one-upping’ one another with tales of jaunts abroad. I have learned that while people with dementia don’t always get their facts in perfect order, there is normally a kernel of truth in what they say however confused they are, and I have no doubt that P had lived in the Far East, and had learned Japanese. P had a postcard from his daughter which he was showing to everyone who came in. Dad had been planning to write a letter to me, my brother and Mum, and had started to write it on one of the handkerchiefs that I bought him, but when I asked him about it he’d forgotten what he wanted to write. I was surprised both that he could still spell my name, and that he could still write. I’ve left him with a pad and some pens in case the urge to write strikes him again. Dad’s face absolutely lights up when I walk in, and it’s one of the greatest joys of my life. I tell him when I’m going to visit him, but he always forgets. This time, he grabbed my hand and kissed it. ‘I didn’t know you were going to come in’, he said, and cried. Dementia has made Dad more emotional, gentler. He has developed a taste for Portuguese custard tarts and ‘frothy coffee’, and it touches me how much he enjoys both of them. I thought that maybe he would be upset by the unusual behaviour of some of the other residents, but he seems completely at ease with them, and sometimes tries to help if someone has ‘lost’ something or seems particularly distressed. One lady asked if I’d seen her daughter, and I told her that I hadn’t seen her today, but I was sure she’d be in soon (she visits her Mum very regularly). ‘She’s the best girl in the world’, said the lady, and I had to go outside because that was what Mum always said about me. One of the guys, B, used to be a London taxi driver and hasn’t lost any of the repartee. One of the carers asked him if he liked children. ‘I like children but I couldn’t eat a whole one’, he said. When I popped in on Wednesday to have breakfast with Dad and to say goodbye, he was all geared up to ‘walk into town and have a look at a secondhand car’. I know that Dad misses driving, but while I’m sure he could do the mechanics of driving, he wouldn’t know where he was going. Fortunately, the home had organised a trip to the local market, and Dad was going to help choose some plants for the garden. ‘We’ll have a look at the cars if we can find any’, said the carer. Initially I was really disconcerted at the degree to which I needed to lie to Dad about what was going to happen, and yet the alternative is so much more distressing and painful for him. No one is going to tell him that he will never own a car or drive again, and so the constant promise of it in the future keeps him calm and happy. There was a positive spring in his step as he headed off with his zimmer frame to get his jacket on, and I know that once he’s in the market he’ll be distracted by all the minutiae of tomato varieties and which geraniums are best. As I waved goodbye, all the other residents waved as well. It really is a little family. And yet when I got back to London, I was having a coffee and got into a chat with a lady who had a little dog. We talked about pets for a bit, and then I mentioned that I was just back from visiting with my Dad who has dementia. She sympathised, and then, as she was getting up to go, she turned and said ‘Oh, I do hope it doesn’t drag on too long for you’. And yet again I was lost for words. I know that dementia is a terminal and progressive disease, but really? I think not just about my dad, but about all the people in the home that I’m getting to know, and I know that not only do they have a quality of life that makes it worth living, but that they are still valuable, loving human beings. This is the fourth time in the past six months that someone has suggested that my Dad and his friends would be better off dead, and that I must be hoping for such a speedy outcome. What does it say about our society that we can wish the oldest and most vulnerable people in it dead? My Dad is teaching me lessons about compassion and patience and understanding every single day. And so, I really needed the solace of the garden when I got home, and all kinds of things were going on. Take the fabulous cabbage palm (Cordyline australis) next door, for example. This year it is carrying three whole spikes full of flowers which are constantly abuzz with honeybees. I went outside to take a photograph and realised how sweet-smelling it is. No wonder the bees love it. Outside the back door, I notice that everything is hideously overgrown, and that the pond is turning into a bog as fast as I can pull things out. However, some yellow flag irises are flowering for the first time this year. I can’t even remember planting them, so maybe they came with something else. This will certainly be something for the dragonfly larvae to climb up, and I check every day just in case. And I love the way that the sunlight touches the water. The pond is absolutely full of frogs of all sizes this year, from adults to tiny new froglets the size of my fingernail. They are hanging around a lot later this year too, so maybe being so overgrown isn’t such an absolutely bad thing. My white foxgloves are flowering, and the Bowles Mauve perennial wallflower is covered in bumblebees. And so is the mock orange, which is just finishing but which is still headily-scented. But there has been one disaster. The box moth caterpillars have been particularly vigorous this year – last year I managed to trim the bush back in the spring and get rid of most of the damage, but this year they have killed the bushes completely. I shall be cutting them back, digging them out and planting something else. I even spotted one of the caterpillars walking nonchalantly across the path a few days ago, probably en route from one bush to another. This is a pest that has marched through the country over the past ten years, although the adult moth is rather lovely. I spotted the first one I’d ever seen at the Barbican Centre in London in 2015, but it was noticed in private gardens in 2011. It has probably arrived in imported box plants (the moth comes originally from East Asia) and while it can be treated with nematodes if caught in the early stages, the advice from RHS Wisley is to plant something else. Climate change is making the environment much more pleasant for the moth, and I suspect that we are going to have to adapt too. Privet, anyone? RIP to my box bush. Adult Box Worm Moth (Cydalima perspectalis) And, in more exciting news, we are going to get our external decorations done. It’s been more than ten years, and the paintwork is, shall we say, a bit on the dodgy side. The scaffolding is up, but the best news is that I have bought this. A sparrow nesting box Sparrows like to nest communally, and so I have this little terrace of nestboxes that I have persuaded the decorator to put up for me while he’s on the scaffolding. Sparrows have already been investigating the eaves but have never stayed, so I am very hopeful that maybe next year they’ll take up residence. And if they don’t, maybe somebody else will. And once that’s done, I shall be looking into getting the garden back into some kind of order. I need to move my centre of gravity back east from Dorset, and start getting back into my own life. It will be interesting to see how that works out. Roxanne geranium in the garden This entry was posted in London Invertebrates, London Plants on June 8, 2019 by Bug Woman. Wednesday Weed – Eastern Gladiolus Eastern gladioulus (Gladiolus communis ssp byzantina) Dear Readers, I hope you will forgive me for writing about a very non-urban ‘weed’ this week – eastern gladiolus is a ‘weed’ of Somerset but I have not yet seen it in the wild in London. However, it seems so local to the West Country that I wanted to ferret out some information on a plant that seems to have gone largely unreported. We do have one native gladiolus (Gladiolus illyrica) in the UK, which is confined to the New Forest and seems to have escaped the grazing predations of New Forest ponies and deer by growing amongst the bracken. Eastern gladiolus, however, is clearly a garden escape, and is widespread in the Isles of Scilly, where it is known as Slippery or Whistling Jacks. All gladioli are members of the iris family (Iridaceae) and are named from the Latin for ‘little sword’, probably referring to the shape of the leaves (this also explains their alternative name ‘sword lily’). They grow from corms, and the wild forms are often delicate and subtle. You can not say this for the larger, showier florist gladioli, which come in brash rainbow colours. Florists gladioli (Photo One) There are about 300 species of gladioli and the epicentre of diversity, as with so many plants, is in the Cape area of South Africa. Eastern gladiolus comes originally from a swathe of countries from North Africa in the west to the Caucausus in the east. I rather love its delicacy and elegance, and it certainly seems to pop up in the verges and gardens of my Aunt Hilary’s village in Somerset with very little encouragement. The first recorded sighting of the plant in a garden is 1596, so it’s had plenty of time to burst forth. Many different insects are gladioli pollinators, but the one I would keep an eye open for if I had some of this plant in my garden would be the stunning hummingbird hawkmoth (Macroglossum stellatarum). Actually, I’ve seen this creature twice in the wild, once on red valerian in Mum and Dad’s Dorset garden, and once on lavender in my garden in East Finchley, and I ache to see it again. Sometimes, people take quite some persuading that they haven’t seen an actual hummingbird, so similar are the flight patterns of insect and bird. The fact that hummingbirds don’t live wild in the UK is not enough to convince some folk that they haven’t seen an escaped one. Hummingbird hawkmoth (Macroglossum stellaratum) (Photo Two) The caterpillars of the Large Yellow Underwing moth can feed on the leaves of gladioli too, and the moths are some of the commonest in my area. Large Yellow Underwing moth (Noctua pronuba) (Photo Three) ‘Gladdies’ are, of course, synonymous with that ‘Housewife Superstar’ Dame Edna Everage, and even feature in a bronze statue of her in Melbourne. Dame Edna statue in Melbourne (Photo Four) As a family we used to roar with laughter at her wicked observations, and her relationship with her bridesmaid Madge was a particular source of glee. It was no wonder, then, that at a fancy dress party that Mum and Dad held when we lived in Seven Kings in the outer reaches of East London, Mum dressed as Dame Edna, and even had some gladioli to hand out. It’s true that Mum’s Dame Edna vocabulary was limited to ‘Hello Possums’ in an accent that owed more to Stratford than the antipodes, but she was such a comedienne that this was quite enough. Mum loved to make people laugh, and would play to the gallery given the slightest encouragement. Her particular gift, especially as she got older, would be to say something outrageous and giggle inwardly as everyone tried to work out if she knew the connotations of what she’d said. I do believe that there may be vol-au-vents in the buffet spread behind Mum in this picture, and probably devilled eggs, just to date it accurately to the early 19080’s. Mum as Dame Edna Everage Another cultural figure associated with the gladiolus is Morrissey of The Smiths, who used to whip the flower out of his back pocket and throw it into the audience at his concerts . How I loved his lyrics when I was growing up! He seemed to understand the angst of the lonely and the rejected. However, he’s turned into a fascist, sporting a ‘Britain First’ badge at his concerts, and so I shall pass on without even so much as a photograph. It is always disappointing when the people that we loved when we were young turn out to have clay feet, but goodness knows there’s been a lot of that about lately. For such an attractive plant, gladioli have been rather out of garden fashion lately – maybe the Dame Edna link makes us think that all of them are blousy, and there are some pretty horrific, overblown gladdies out there. I really like the eastern gladioli though, and if they are too subdued for your tastes they could always be paired up with montbretia for a real cerise and orange ‘kick’. I think they look rather lovely against the silvered wood of this fence. Although gardeners are often advised to lift gladioli corms for the winter, the doyen of cut flower gardening Sarah Raven suggests that a healthy layer of mulch keeps them just as happy. I was pleased to find that one of my favourite artists, Vincent van Gogh, also rather liked gladioli, though he chose to feature the bright red ones. Vase of Red Gladioli by Vincent van Gogh (1886) (Public Domain) And here is a treat. This wonderful poem, by Amy Clampitt, speaks of the way that we have grown used to having everything that the world has to offer available to us, the way that everything is in motion these days. And if you have time, have a listen here to the choreographer and artistic director Bill T.Jones reading this poem and three others, including one of my all time favourites, ‘A Blessing’ by James Wright. You will not be disappointed, I promise. And if you do not already follow ‘Brain Pickings’, I can thoroughly recommend it. NOTHING STAYS PUT by Amy Clampitt In memory of Father Flye, 1884–1985 The strange and wonderful are too much with us. The protea of the antipodes—a great, globed, blazing honeybee of a bloom— for sale in the supermarket! We are in our decadence, we are not entitled. What have we done to deserve all the produce of the tropics— this fiery trove, the largesse of it heaped up like cannonballs, these pineapples, bossed and crested, standing like troops at attention, these tiers, these balconies of green, festoons grown sumptuous with stoop labor? The exotic is everywhere, it comes to us before there is a yen or a need for it. The green- grocers, uptown and down, are from South Korea. Orchids, opulence by the pailful, just slightly fatigued by the plane trip from Hawaii, are disposed on the sidewalks; alstroemerias, freesias fattened a bit in translation from overseas; gladioli likewise estranged from their piercing ancestral crimson; as well as, less altered from the original blue cornflower of the roadsides and railway embankments of Europe, these bachelor’s buttons. But it isn’t the railway embankments their featherweight wheels of cobalt remind me of, it’s a row of them among prim colonnades of cosmos, snapdragon, nasturtium, bloodsilk red poppies, in my grandmother’s garden: a prairie childhood, the grassland shorn, overlaid with a grid, unsealed, furrowed, harrowed and sown with immigrant grasses, their massive corduroy, their wavering feltings embroidered here and there by the scarlet shoulder patch of cannas on a courthouse lawn, by a love knot, a cross stitch of living matter, sown and tended by women, nurturers everywhere of the strange and wonderful, beneath whose hands what had been alien begins, as it alters, to grow as though it were indigenous. But at this remove what I think of as strange and wonderful, strolling the side streets of Manhattan on an April afternoon, seeing hybrid pear trees in blossom, a tossing, vertiginous colonnade of foam, up above– is the white petalfall, the warm snowdrift of the indigenous wild plum of my childhood. Nothing stays put. The world is a wheel. All that we know, that we’re made of, is motion. Photo One from https://pixabay.com/users/Capri23auto-1767157 Photo Two by By Yusuf Akgul – Own work, CC BY-SA 4.0, https://commons.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?curid=42615658 Photo Three by By Holger Gröschl – http://www.naturspektrum.de/ns1.htm, CC BY-SA 2.0 de, https://commons.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?curid=217437 Photo Four by By WalkingMelbourne – Own work, CC BY 3.0, https://commons.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?curid=16084775 This entry was posted in London Plants on June 5, 2019 by Bug Woman. Cuckoo Spit and Xylella – The Story So Far Cuckoo Spit on the lavender in the front garden Dear Readers, I am a member of several garden wildlife and insect groups online, and during this past week I have seen a rise in questions along the lines of ‘ I have cuckoo spit on my lavender, should I hose it all off? Is there any way to get rid of it? Are we on the verge of Armageddon?’ As someone who is entranced with the miracle of these annual foamy masses and the insects that make them, I figured that someone had gotten hold of the wrong end of the stick, and so they have. Reports that have superficially demonised the froghopper have appeared on the BBC and in most major and local newspapers, and I am frankly bewildered by the lack of knowledge shown. Science is often complicated, and it’s sometimes easy to read a headline and panic. So here is what is happening, as I understand it, and here is what we should be doing. What is cuckoo spit? Cuckoo spit is produced by the nymph of the froghopper, a ‘true bug’ which feeds on the sap of plants such as lavender and rosemary. The froth is a protection for the toothsome youngster: it is produced from the insect’s excreta, and is turned into froth by the creature passing air through its anus. As I put it in my original piece on froghoppers here, ‘The foam is the only protection that Froghoppers have, and schoolchildren are always delighted by how it’s made. The bug sucks up the sap from its chosen plant, excretes what’s left, and blows air through it – so, it lives in a house built from faeces, and created by flatulence. What youngster could resist such a story? I’m surprised that they’re not all queueing up to be biologists as we speak.’ 2. Do froghoppers do any harm? The RHS website says that froghoppers rarely cause any real damage to plants, and can be left unmolested. I concur. My lavender has been a-froth with froghoppers for years, and is still splendid. Froghopper nymph denuded 3. So why all the sudden fuss? A bacterial disease known as Xylella fastidiosa, first discovered in the US in the 1890’s, is on the move. It turned up in Brazil at the end of the 20th Century, was in Europe by 2013 and has been advancing at a surprising pace. It was previously thought to be confined to warm areas such as the olive plantations of Greece, but in the past few years it has been found in France and Germany. Xylella works by blocking the uptake of water to the plant, and can be devastating – it has been identified in over 560 species of plant worldwide. In the UK, trees such as the oak and plane are thought to be most at risk. The RHS and DEFRA have been putting plans in place to arrest the spread of the disease if (or more likely when) it arrives. It is not, as far as we know, here yet. The disease is probably going to arrive in the UK via a plant imported by a garden centre or tree nursery. – the most recent outbreak of the disease was in Oleander, a popular garden plant in this country. However, once here it could be transmitted via sapsucking insects such as the froghopper. Although froghoppers are homebodies and don’t usually move more than about 100 metres during their lifetimes, they can be carried much further by the wind. An adult froghopper (Philaenus spumarius) waiting to ping away. It is a very froggy-looking creature! (Photo One) 4. Why all the requests to report cuckoo spit? This is pre-emptive. It’s hoped that by building up a picture of where froghoppers are at the moment, it will be easier to understand exactly when the insects are active and the extent of their range. I will be reporting my froghoppers to the iRecord site below, which can be used to report other critters too, and is very useful for getting a picture of what’s around in your local area. You will need to set up an account, and then you are looking for a ‘project-specific record’ – the project is ‘xylem-feeding insects’, and the common cuckoo spit froghopper’s Latin name is Philaenus spumarius. There is a useful pictorial guide here, just in case you have one of the other two common British species. https://www.brc.ac.uk/irecord/ 5. What is being done to fight the disease? Certain EU regulations are already in place to control the spread of the disease: this is from the Henry Doubleday website. All plant importers have to show evidence that their plants are sourced from areas that are free from Xylella. Proposed imports of host species such as plane, elm and oak plants must be pre-notified to the UK plant health authorities to enable inspection This will allow a sequence of spot checks at the UK borders. Other regulations are in place that restrict movements of specified host plants from the infected region of Apulia in southern Italy, and from countries outside the EU, to reduce the risk of entry. However, if it did become established in the UK, control would focus on the targeted removal of host plants and management of the vector insects’ habitats. An outbreak (as opposed to an isolated incidence) would mean eradication of all possible hosts within 100m of the outbreak and very tight restrictions on commercial plant producers or garden centres within 10km of the outbreak for 10 years. In other words, this is an extremely strong incentive to garden centres to ensure that their plants are properly sourced. Oleander infected by Xylella (Photo Two) 6. What plants does DEFRA consider are most at risk? In addition to the oak and plane, there are a whole range of other plants who would be endangered by Xylella. Acer rubrum L. Catharanthus roseus (L.) G.Don Citrus sinensis (Linnaeus) Osbeck Coffea L. Gramineae Adans., Nom. Cons. Medicago sativa L. Morus rubra L. Nerium oleander L. Platanus occidentalis L. Prunus L. Prunus persica Batsch Quercus rubra L. Ulmus americana L. Vaccinium L. Vinca minor L. Vitis L. Liliaceae (family) 7. What are the symptoms of Xylella? Unfortunately, Xylella can look rather like many other diseases. The Forestry Commission says that: ‘The visible symptoms on plane, maple (Acer), oak and elm trees include leaf scorch, sometimes also with dieback of twigs and branches. The characteristic leaf symptoms which are visible in summer include browning at the leaf margins (but not along the main veins), and there is often a yellow edge to the browned areas.’ I suspect that concrete identification can only be achieved by scientists with microscopes. The bacteria produces many different species-specific syndromes, varying from oleander leaf scorch to citrus variegated cholorosis to olive quick decline syndrome. You will have noticed that many of the plants attacked are important food crops, often intensively grown and lacking in genetic diversity. There is much to be said for proper husbandry and stocking, and for the preservation of different varieties of plants, for just this situation. The bacteria works by blocking the xylem, the main water-transport system of the plant. If only a few vessels are affected, the plant might be asymptomatic but still a carrier of the bacteria. If it is planted elsewhere and subsequently fed upon by a froghopper, the bacterium can be spread to another plant. The infected plant can also transmit the disease if it is grafted to a healthy plant. Pierce’s disease, caused by Xylella, on citrus (Photo Three) 8. Do we have to worry now? Should I be hosing off my froghoppers and burning my lavender? No. As mentioned above, the reporting of cuckoo spit is pre-emptive. Our froghoppers are currently completely innocent, and will hopefully remain uninfected with Xylella. I think it is a hopeful sign that DEFRA and other bodies are getting on the case now, in unison with the EU, in order to head this threat off at the pass before it gets to the UK. We have already lost our elms, are likely to lose most of our ash trees, and our horse chestnuts are under siege every year. Let’s hope that this will be one disease that doesn’t get a grip. Photo One by By Charles J Sharp – Own work, from Sharp Photography, CC BY-SA 4.0, https://commons.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?curid=38317620 Photo Two by By I, Pompilid, CC BY-SA 3.0, https://commons.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?curid=2260500 Photo Three by Alexander Purcell, University of California, Bugwood.org – [CC BY 3.0 (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0)]	cc/2019-30/en_head_0021.json.gz/line12469
__label__cc	0.589263	0.410737	BVI Newbie » Business » Company Formation By: BVI Newbie \| Last Updated: October 31, 2016 By Jacqueline Daley-Aspinall – Partner and Ian Montgomery, Senior Associate, Corporate & Commercial Department, Harney Westwood & Riegels Although there are less than 30,000 people living and working within the British Virgin Islands (the BVI), these islands are home to almost 500,000 active companies registered under the BVI Business Companies Act 2004 (the ‘BC Act’). The small size of the population, the raw natural beauty, and the peaceful tranquillity of the islands belie the fact that the BVI is one of the world’s most important offshore financial centres and the leading offshore jurisdiction for company formations. In some countries, the term used for an offshore company is ‘a BVI’. Benefits of a BVI Company One of the most significant benefits of a BVI company is the ease and speed with which one can be incorporated. Once an incorporator of companies (known as a ‘registered agent’ or ‘RA’) is provided with the necessary know-your-client (‘KYC’) information and the applicable fees, it can incorporate a company within 24 hours. The companies offer maximum flexibility in that they may engage in any act or activity not contrary to BVI law. BVI companies feature in a myriad of transactions and they can be employed as easily as a single asset holding company as for use as a corporation whose shares are to be listed on a stock exchange. Unless a BVI company owns real estate in the BVI or has employees in the jurisdiction, it is generally exempt from paying taxes here but it will be required to pay annual government fees and RA fees. The RA usually provides a registered office address for any BVI company it incorporates but otherwise, there is no requirement for a company to have a physical presence in the Territory. There is also no general requirement for a company to have BVI based directors or shareholders or for the company to hold meetings in the BVI. Another advantage of BVI companies is the confidentiality they provide. The Registry of Corporate Affairs in the BVI is the only public source of company information, and only limited company documents are available there. Safeguards are however built in to BVI law to prevent this confidentiality from being abused, for example by criminal activity or money laundering. Supervision of the offshore sector is provided by the Financial Services Commission which has a wide range of enforcement provisions to investigate and prevent wrongdoing. The BC Act offers a wide variety of corporate options. Five different types of companies may be incorporated – being companies limited by shares, unlimited companies, with or without the power to issue shares or companies limited by guarantee, with or without the power to issue shares. Such companies may then be classified as restricted purposes companies or segregated portfolio companies or both. The most frequently used type of company is a company limited by shares as it provides limited liability to shareholders so that they will not responsible for any debts of the company beyond any amount owed for their shares. Last, but not least, is the relative cost efficiency of a BVI company. A BVI company may be formed and maintained at a fraction of the cost of entities registered in certain other jurisdictions. How do I incorporate a BVI company? Incorporating a BVI company is literally as easy as 1-2-3. The three basic steps are set out below: 1. Select a registered agent based in the BVI Every BVI company must have a registered agent. The registered agent provides the registered office address and will, amongst other things, be responsible for paying fees to the Registry of Corporate Affairs on behalf of the BVI company and holding at the registered office, either the original or an accurate copy of the company’s statutory registers (i.e. the register of members, register of directors and if any, the register of charges). Harneys has an affiliated company which provides RA services but a comprehensive list of all currently licensed registered agents can be found on the BVI’s Financial Services Commission’s website. 2. Complete an incorporation form Every registered agent has its own standard incorporations form. The forms vary but all will generally ask the person seeking to incorporate the company to propose names for the company, indicate the total maximum number of shares that are to be issued by the company and to indicate whether the company’s constitution, known as the memorandum and articles (the ‘M&A’), are to have any special provisions – this is based on the fact that each RA has a selection of standard M&As. The incorporation form will also ask for names and details of intended directors and shareholders of the BVI company and the number of shares to be issued to each shareholder. In keeping with internationally adopted compliance requirements, the incorporations form will demand KYC information on the intended ultimate owner of the company. Usually, it requests that certified copies of proof of address (such as a utility bill) and proof of identity (such as a passport or driver’s licence) must be sent to the registered agent in connection with the company’s intended shareholders. Some RAs also ask for this information in connection with intended directors of the company. The incorporation form will solicit details of a contact person or ‘client-of record’ for the company. The RA will liaise with that contact person after the company is incorporated and will send any future notices or requests to the person by way of the communication method requested, i.e. e-mail, fax, airmail etc. Most registered agents now ask that a service contract be executed between the RA and whoever is giving instructions on the company formation. The contract sets out the rights and obligations of both parties in connection with the BVI company. 3. Pay the fees and provide the KYC The RA will only start the process of incorporating a company if it receives its fees. The quantum of the fees charged vary from registered agent to registered agent and will include a government incorporation fee and the fees to be paid to the RA for its services as agent and also for its providing the registered office. Payment can usually be made by wire transfer or by credit card, if speed of incorporation is paramount. Payment by cheque is also acceptable but the RA is likely to wait until the cheque is negotiated before initiating the process. Hard copies of the KYC information must be delivered to the registered agent to facilitate the incorporation. A person planning to incorporate should get the necessary documents copied, certified and sent to the registered agent by courier or by mail. Again, if speed is important or confirmation of receipt by the RA is preferred, then courier would be the best option. The Registered Agent’s Role Once the registered agent receives a copy of the completed incorporations form, applicable fees and any other documents it requests, it will: secure approval for the proposed name of the company; pay the relevant government licence fee (the amount depends on the total number of shares that the company can issue and the type of company being formed); and electronically submit the company’s proposed M&A to the BVI Registry of Corporate Affairs. The BVI Registry of Corporate Affairs will need to approve the proposed name of the company to ensure that it is not the same as another registered BVI company, a name that is offensive or which contains any restricted or prohibited words or a name that might confuse or mislead the public into believing that the company is affiliated to a globally recognised brand. The name of the company must have a specified ending which reflects the type of company formed, so the name of a company limited by shares must end in – “Limited”, “Corporation”, “Incorporation”, “Societe Anonyme” or “Sociedad Anonima”, or their corresponding abbreviations, “Ltd”, “Corp”, “Inc”, or “S.A.”, while an unlimited company must end with either “Unlimited” or its abbreviation, “Unltd”. Further, a company may have an additional foreign character name which can be particularly appealing to Chinese and Russian clients. Following recent changes to BVI law, it is also possible to re-use a name previously associated with another company, in certain specific situations. Government Licence Fees A company that will be authorised to issue 50,000 shares or less must pay a US$350 fee. A company that will be authorised to issue more than 50,000 shares is required to pay a fee of US$1,100. Where such company is to be a restricted purposes company or a private trust company then higher fees apply. These same fees will actually be payable by the company yearly, once it is incorporated. The M&A The M&A must contain certain matters stipulated by BVI law. It will act as the ‘Bible’ for the company and will dictate the actions of the shareholders, the directors and the company. As indicated above, each RA has a selection of standard M&As, but these may be modified as necessary. Significant modifications must however be reviewed by a lawyer. The registered agent must sign the M&A in the capacity as ‘Incorporator’ and submit it as part of the incorporation application. The application for incorporation can only be filed by the proposed registered agent and the BVI Registrar of Corporate Affairs (the ‘Registrar’) will not accept an application from any other person. If the Registrar is satisfied that the provisions of the BC Act have been complied with, she will register the M&A as submitted, allot a unique number to the company and issue a certificate of incorporation. The BVI company is incorporated from the date specified in the certificate. After the incorporation, the registered agent must within six months appoint the company’s first director(s). Those directors should then ensure that the company has one or more members. Otherwise, any person doing business in the name of or on behalf of the BVI company may be personally liable for payment of all debts of the company incurred while the company had no member. The incorporation process for a BVI company is quick, easy and inexpensive compared to many other offshore jurisdictions. The flexibility and versatility of BVI companies encourages persons seeking the ideal incorporation destination to look no further than the BVI. The simplicity of the process will undoubtedly ensure that the BVI retains its status as a leading offshore jurisdiction for decades to come. Tags: Business, Start a Business Is credit rating considered when relocating to the BVI? Dependents looking for work Visa cost BVI Salary Taxes Calculator Work Permit Transfers Renewing Your Work Permit Salaries in the BVI 5 Steps to Work Permit Exemption Bringing a Family (AKA Dependents)	cc/2019-30/en_head_0021.json.gz/line12472
__label__wiki	0.763194	0.763194	Rebel Cities – Change the World Democracy in Danger Kick Back Justice for Daphne The Upside Down Radical Thinking Tribalism is Killing us Science Hooker Disaster Capitalism Club Killer Facts Fact Argument Reportage Culture "They think they have No Choice but to Take their Own Lives" – The Shame of Australia's Manus Island Must End CJ Werleman subscribe Subscribe donate Donate CJ Werleman explores what it will take to shift the Australian Government’s controversial policy of sending refugees from Asia and the Middle East to offshore detention facilities. In the first week following the Conservative Government’s shock win in Australia’s federal election in May, at least 10 refugees held on one of the country’s notorious offshore detention facilities – Manus Island – attempted suicide or committed self-harm. There have been another 60 incidents since. Yesterday, as I spoke with Behrouz Boochani, an Iranian-Kurdish journalist who has been detained on Manus since 2013, another refugee doused himself in petrol and threatened to set himself alight before guards intervened. “Everyday we wake up to news like this. Since the election, at least 70 people have attempted suicide or self-harm,” Boochani told me. “After the election result, people here have lost hope, and they think they have no other choice but to take their own lives. “Right now, as I’m talking to you, there are at least eight people who tried to commit suicide in isolation, and there are many people in hospitals in Port Moresby.” When you keep innocent people in indefinite detention for six years and deprive them of medical treatment, it’s natural for people to lose hope and then choose to harm themselves. Behrouz Boochani More than 300 asylum seekers remain on Papua New Guinea’s Manus Island, alongside another several hundred who remain detained on Nauru. They are victims of the Australian Conservative Government’s ‘Operation Sovereign Borders’, a military plan designed to turn back asylum seeker boats. The Government boasts of the scheme’s success, despite providing almost zero evidence for this, and stubbornly refuses to be transparent with regards to how the operation is being carried out. Therefore, while the Government brags about the fact that there have been fewer boat arrivals since the policy was put in place in 2013, it refuses to mention how many have been drowned at sea, and/or what fate has befallen those who have been turned back to their points of origin in Asia and the Middle East. The key words in the previous paragraph are the last five: Asia and the Middle East. The overwhelming majority of the more than 3,000 asylum seekers who have been sent to Manus Island and Nauru are fleeing conflict, violence and persecution from within Muslim majority countries, or countries where Muslims are being ethnically cleansed. Essentially, the policy is entirely political, one designed to demonstrate to Australian voters that it’s keeping the country “safe” by denying sanctuary to Muslim refugees – a reality emphasised by the fact that no such military operation or Manus Island equivalent has been put in place for the tens of thousands of Brits, Canadians, Europeans, and Americans who arrive in the country by plane and then overstay their visas, remaining there permanently and “illegally”. IF YOU LIKE THIS ARTICLE HELP US PAY MORE GREAT JOURNALISTS AND WRITERS Subscribe for the next six editions to your door for £11.40 • digital edition • monthly Byline Times News Club meetings sign up at bylinetimes.com/subscribe/ or email info@bylinetimes.com With accounts of mass suicide attempts hitting the news, however, the Government is facing pressure like never before to comply with international law and ditch the lip service it routinely gives to the sanctity of human rights. “We are human,” says Boochani. “When you keep innocent people in indefinite detention for six years and deprive them of medical treatment, it’s natural for people to lose hope and then choose to harm themselves. “I am really concerned with the current situation because there’s no guarantee or plan in place, and if the Government continues this policy, more people will soon die.” Both Amnesty International and the United Nations High Commissioner for Refugees have published reports on Australia’s cruel mistreatment of asylum boat refugees – condemning both the policy that supports it and the conditions on Manus Island and Nauru – with Amnesty labelling both a “human rights catastrophe”. In 2016, a leak of the ‘Nauru Files’ were published by the Guardian, detailing 2,116 incident reports of “assaults, sexual abuse, self-harm attempts, child abuse and living conditions endured by asylum seekers held by the Australian Government, painting a picture of routine dysfunction and cruelty”, with more than half of the incidents involving children despite the fact that only 18% of Nauru’s detainees are under 18. After the election result, people here have lost hope, and they think they have no other choice but to take their own lives. The Conservative Government, however, casually and callously dismissed the leaked files as mere media “hype”. For the government to change its policy course, there’ll first need to be a mindset shift among Australian voters, given that more than 50% have expressed opposition to the resettlement of asylum boat refugees on Australian soil, largely because the Conservative Coalition has spent the past nearly two decades portraying Muslims as both a security threat and a cost burden to taxpayers. To the first point, these Muslim asylum seekers have risked their lives by sailing across the ocean on rickety boats to flee violence and persecution at the hands of extremist groups such as ISIL and the Taliban, or from hyper-sectarian regimes in Iran, Syria, Iraq, and elsewhere. They come to Australia to find shelter and peace, not for the very kind of violence and discrimination they’ve fled. Meet CJ Werleman and other Byline Times journalists at the Byline Festival Come meet Byline Times Writers In the heart of the Ashdown Forest 20% DISCOUNT FOR BYLINE TIMES READERS USE DISCOUNT PROMO CODE BIG20 www.bylinefestival.com Moreover, homegrown recruits, not refugees, are responsible for the lion’s share of the two dozen or so “jihadist” attacks carried out in Western countries during the past decade. Australia’s most recent census shows that nearly one in five humanitarian migrants go on to launch their own business, which not only provides more job opportunities for the country as a whole, but also adds great benefit to the economy – a reality underscored by the fact that 8,500 refugees report more than A$150 million each year from their unincorporated businesses, according to the Australian Bureau of Statistics. While the Government brags about the fact that there have been fewer boat arrivals since the policy was put in place in 2013, it refuses to mention how many have been drowned at sea. When the majority of the public comes to view asylum seekers as human beings who seek nothing more than freedom from want and fear – and not the subversion of Australian culture as falsely claimed by xenophobic political propaganda – then the Government will be forced to finally put an end to what has been one of the most shameful chapters in the country’s not so shameless history. Until then, hundreds of the world’s most vulnerable people – refugees – will choose to end their own lives on a small South Pacific island, rather than leave themselves in the hands of those who have only dished out unconscionable cruelty. More stories filed under Argument The Diary of a Homeless Man Drew B, 18 July 2019 Canadian Drew B explains his experience of sleeping rough in London and his battle on the streets against being deported. Argument Reportage Homelessness Jacob Rees-Mogg and the Brexiters’ Persistent Myths of Empire Hardeep Matharu, 17 July 2019 Britain has not really faced up to losing an empire and the unresolved cost is playing out through the traumas of Brexit. Argument Culture Reportage Brexit & Empire Brexit Sociology UK Politics Calling the North East of England ‘Brexit Central’ is Simplistic and Snobbish Molly Greeves, 17 July 2019 Newcastle resident Molly Greeves' take on how people in the north east feel about the decision to leave the EU three years on. Argument Brexit We Should be Grateful but Not Complacent that ‘Tommy Robinson’ is in Prison James Doleman, 15 July 2019 Byline Times' court reporter James Doleman gives his personal take on the jailing of Stephen Yaxley-Lennon and his conviction for contempt of court. Argument Crime and Justice About Contact Us Letters Page Advertising © Byline Media Holdings Ltd, Byline Times & Yes We Work Ltd	cc/2019-30/en_head_0021.json.gz/line12474
__label__wiki	0.720292	0.720292	Kate Middleton opens up about break up with Prince William Eliza Velk Junior Lifestyle & Entertainment Producer Yahoo Style UK August 16, 2018 The love story between Kate Middleton and Prince William always seemed like the perfect romance movie: fall in love with a prince, marry at a lavish wedding ceremony and start a family – and an extremely adorable one at that. However, not everything has been smooth sailing for our royal couple who met back while studying at the University of St Andrews in Scotland. Kate Middleton and Prince William seem to have the ultimate love story however not everything has been smooth sailing. Source: Getty Thankfully their break-up was short lived however looking back the couple have no regrets with Kate even admitting that the split was actually a good thing. “I think I at the time wasn’t very happy about it, but actually it made me a stronger person,” she said during their engagement interview. In fact, before tying the knot in 2011, there was a time in their relationship when the pair decided to call it quits as it was believed long distance, paparazzi and royal duties became too much to manage. Kate and William actually decided to call it quits at one stage in their relationship. [Photo: Getty] “You find out things about yourself that maybe you hadn’t realised. Or I think you can get quite consumed by a relationship when you are younger.” “I really valued that time for me as well although I didn’t think it at the time. Looking back on it,” Kate summarised. The royal couple have since admitted that it was a decision that worked out for the best. Source: Getty And William agreed, saying that they were both young and the time apart helped them to grow as individuals. “We both were very young, it was at university, we were sort of both finding ourselves as such and being different characters and stuff, it was very much trying to find our own way and we were growing up, and so it was just sort of a bit of space and a bit of things like that and it worked out for the better,” he said in the interview. It’s believed that the couple hit their rough patch over the Christmas period in 2006 when the Middleton’s invited William to celebrate New Year’s Eve with them however after initially accepting he reportedly later changed his mind, according to Popsugar. They then officially called off their relationship in April 2007, however, much to everyone’s delight they were back together again by October. The Duke and Duchess of Cambridge have now been married for seven years are busy raising their three young children Prince George, 5, Princess Charlotte, 3, and Prince Louis, 3 months. The Duke and Duchess of Cambridge with their three kids, Prince George, Princess Charlotte and Prince Louis. Source: Getty Follow us on Instagram and Facebook for non-stop inspiration delivered fresh to your feed, every day. For Twitter updates, follow @YahooStyleUK. Read more from Yahoo Style UK: How Meghan Markle is switching up the royal fashion game Princess Charlotte’s £45 dress sells out within minutes: Here’s where to buy her most sought-after outfits Five outfits in 24 hours for fashion-forward Duchess of Sussex	cc/2019-30/en_head_0021.json.gz/line12475
__label__cc	0.577561	0.422439	Direct-to-Consumer and International Movies Anywhere (MA) is seeking a Data Scientist to oversee the design, build, and testing of formulas for complex metrics/KPIs, (Lifetime Value, Cost Per Registered User, Retention/Engagement), machine learning methods, and analytics models to support the Movies Anywhere team. This position will report to the Director of Analytics for MA. The goal of this team is to create a competitive advantage for MA using data. The Data Scientist will research, design, implement and validate algorithms to analyze diverse sources of data to achieve targeted outcomes. The role will provide expertise on mathematical concepts and machine learning for the broader analytics team and inspire the adoption of advanced analytics and data science. Development of prototype solutions, mathematical models, algorithms, machine learning techniques, and robust analytics to support analytic insights and visualization of complex data sets Contribute to product features like offers, personalization, and recommender by analyzing complex data sets and developing algorithms to produce results that increase customer engagement. Provide optimization recommendations that drive KPIs established by product, marketing, operations, PR teams, and others Drive innovation by exploring new experimentation methods and statistical techniques that could sharpen or speed up our product decision-making processes Develop and deploy testing hypotheses and analyze test results, providing the necessary analytical rigor to ensure data quality, consistency, repeatability, and accuracy of insights 5 or more years relevant experience with a proven track record of leveraging analytics to drive significant business impact Bachelor's degree in Statistics, Mathematics, Operations Research, Econometrics or related field Proficiency with a statistical analysis tool such as R and/or Python Relational, no-SQL, and/or columnar data experience Experience with SQL Excellent time and project management skills, with the ability to manage detail work and communicate project status effectively to all levels Proven track record in meeting aggressive deadlines Ability and desire to lead projects independently from start to finish, working with internal and external teams to make decisions and maintain momentum Machine learning experience Statistical knowledge and intuition - ideally utilized in A/B testing Experience with distributed databases and query languages like Spark and Scala Programming experience with a scripting language such as Python, Perl, Java, or Ruby PhD or MS degree in Statistics, Mathematics, Operations Research, CS, Econometrics or related field Ability to tell a story with data – What does the analysis tell you? What do you think the business should do next? Why do you think what is happening, is happening? Ability to influence others with the story of what you’re seeing in the data to make business recommendations Preferred Education About Direct-to-Consumer and International: Comprised of Disney’s international media businesses and the Company’s various streaming services, the Direct-to-Consumer and International segment aligns technology, content and distribution platforms to expand the Company’s global footprint and deliver world-class, personalized entertainment experiences to consumers around the world. This segment is responsible for The Walt Disney Company’s direct-to-consumer businesses globally, including the ESPN+ sports streaming service, programmed in partnership with ESPN; the upcoming Disney-branded direct-to-consumer streaming service; and the Company’s ownership stake in Hulu. As part of the Direct-to-Consumer and International segment, Disney Streaming Services, developer of the ESPN+ and Disney-branded streaming platforms, oversees all consumer-facing digital technology and products across the Company. Internal Number: 667364BR About Direct-to-Consumer and International About The Walt Disney Company: The Walt Disney Company, together with its subsidiaries and affiliates, is a leading diversified international family entertainment and media enterprise with the following business segments: media networks, parks and resorts, studio entertainment, consumer products and interactive media. From humble beginnings as a cartoon studio in the 1920s to its preeminent name in the entertainment industry today, Disney proudly continues its legacy of creating world-class stories and experiences for every member of the family. Disney’s stories, characters and experiences reach consumers and guests from every corner of the globe. With operations in more than 40 countries, our employees and cast members work together to create entertainment experiences that are both universally and locally cherished. This position is with Walt Disney Parks and Resorts U.S., Inc., which is part of a business segment we call Parks, Experiences and Products. Walt Disney Parks and Resorts U.S., Inc. is an equal opportunity employer. Applicants will receive consideration for employment without regard to race, color, religion, sex, national origin, sexual orientation, gender ide...ntity, disability or protected veteran status. Disney fosters a business culture where ideas and decisions from all people help us grow, innovate, create the best stories and be relevant in a rapidly changing world. Entry-Level Environmental Scientist or Geologist Traverse City, Michigan Wood 1 Week Ago Mid-Level Geologist / Hydrogeologist / Environmental Scientist Traverse City, Michigan Director, Central Business Insights New York, New York Disney Streaming Services 1 Week Ago	cc/2019-30/en_head_0021.json.gz/line12484
__label__wiki	0.959275	0.959275	Jared Harper Collin Sexton Samir Doughty Bryce Brown Chuma Okeke Ashton Hagans Austin Wiley Sports College sports Men's college basketball College basketball Basketball Men's basketball Men's sports NBA basketball Professional basketball Athlete injuries Athlete health High school basketball High school sports NCAA Men's Division I Basketball Championship Auburn SEC Kentucky Undersized Jared Harper point man in Auburn's Final Four run By JOHN ZENOR - Apr. 03, 2019 02:51 PM EDT Auburn's Jared Harper, left, drives to the basket past Kentucky's Reid Travis during the first half of the Midwest Regional final game in the NCAA men's college basketball tournament Sunday, March 31, 2019, in Kansas City, Mo. (AP Photo/Charlie Riedel) AUBURN, Ala. (AP) — Jared Harper might just epitomize this Auburn basketball team: overlooked, undersized and playing about as well as anybody. The Tigers' 5-foot-11 point guard has been a driving force in their surprising run to their first Final Four. He has supplied clutch plays , especially against Kentucky, blink-and-you-miss-it drives and 3-pointers. Now, Harper and Auburn face top-seeded Virginia on Saturday in Minneapolis. The diminutive junior is coming off the biggest performance of his career, a 26-point, five-assist, four-rebound, three-steal stat sheet stuffer against the Wildcats. "I can only speak for Jared, and just tell you that size does matter, but it's never been a factor for him," Auburn coach Bruce Pearl said. "He uses speed and quickness to be able to define his game. I've seen him in many major moments and the moments haven't been too big for him." Or for Auburn, so far. Harper scored the final points of regulation on a scooping layup against Kentucky, then added 12 of Auburn's 17 overtime points en route to a 77-71 upset. That performance now has a program that ended a 15-year NCAA Tournament drought a year ago only two wins away from a national title — which is pretty much like Harper predicted when the high school teammate of Cleveland Cavaliers guard Collin Sexton arrived at Auburn as the point guard Pearl badly needed. "When he first came to Auburn, he said he wanted to have an ESPN '30 for 30' story on how he led Auburn to a championship and brought them back," said Patrick Harper, his father and a high school coach. "I said, 'Yeah, right. We're not that good.' "He had that vision. I still remind him that he said it and he believed it. He set the goals high." Harper has been a centerpiece of Auburn's rebuild, along with sharp-shooting guard Bryce Brown and versatile forward Chuma Okeke, who tore the ACL his left knee in the Sweet 16 against North Carolina. Six-foot-11 center Austin Wiley dealt with injuries this season and mostly comes off the bench for limited minutes. Harper, meanwhile, has started 103 games over the past three years, and his numbers have climbed across the board every year. "I wouldn't have thought that they were a Final Four-type team until I realized how good the point guard was," said former Auburn coach and current radio color commentator Sonny Smith. The NCAA Tournament has thrust Harper — and the Tigers — onto the national stage. His huge game against Kentucky helped Auburn overcome the emotional loss of Okeke. He demurred on taking too much credit after that game, citing the play of teammates like Samir Doughty and Brown. "That gives me confidence going into overtime to be able the make those plays because I have the same confidence in them to make plays," Harper said. Spoken like a true point guard. He has more than held his own in three straight games against teams with point guards who were five-star recruits, according to the 247Sports composite ranking of the major recruiting sites. Kentucky has Ashton Hagans, North Carolina has Coby White and Kansas has Devon Dotson. And Auburn is perfectly happy with Harper, who wasn't quite blue-chip enough to get recruited by any of those blue bloods. Harper wasn't a finalist for the Bob Cousy Award given to the nation's top point guard, and he wasn't among the eight players who Southeastern Conference coaches picked for the all-conference team. Neither was Brown or Okeke, for that matter. Pearl doesn't think Harper's play is driven by feeling overlooked or underrated. "I don't think he does play (ticked) off or with much of an edge," the coach said. "I think it's because he's always played that way. He's always been overlooked. So, he just goes about his business and it'll be like that in the NBA for him. "There are 30 teams in the league, and most of them won't want an undersized point guard, but there will be a couple that are smart enough that will. He'll make his way onto one of those rosters, and then they'll see the value." Auburn already understands Harper's value. He is averaging 15.4 points per game and is tied for the SEC lead with 5.8 assists per game. He is third in free-throw percentage and fourth in both 3-pointers made per game and assist-turnover ratio. Harper is the pacesetter for Auburn's frequently up-tempo style. He also is pretty good at predictions, including one he made the morning of the Kentucky game. "He said, 'Dad, we're going to win this game and I'm going to have a big game,'" the proud father recalled. "And he delivered." More AP college basketball: https://apnews.com/MarchMadness and http://www.twitter.com/AP_Top25	cc/2019-30/en_head_0021.json.gz/line12495
__label__wiki	0.568523	0.568523	Bat Hound Filed under: batman — Tom Bondurant @ 12:54 pm It’s Halloween — here’s your treat! Y’know, a part of me says you can keep your “Laughing Fish” and “Night of the Reaper” and “Autobiography Of Bruce Wayne…” … because if I want the essence of Batman boiled down into two pages … … these will do quite nicely, thanks very much. [“Once Upon A Time…,” from one of the best anniversary issues of all time, Detective Comics #500, March 1981, was inspired by the literary efforts of a certain world-famous beagle, written by Len Wein, drawn by Walt Simonson, and lettered by John Workman.] Sunday Soliloquy Filed under: sunday soliloquy, superman — Tom Bondurant @ 7:10 pm I was originally planning to post some scans from Superman vol. 1 #344, where he fights both Dracula and Frankenstein’s Monster, but a) I’d pretty much already done both of those, and b) the issue wasn’t as good as I remembered it. Basically, the Phantom Stranger shows up at the end, and pretty much wishes Dracula out of existence. Ho hum. So while the bit I did choose for today may not strike you as particularly Halloween-y, keep in mind that it is, nevertheless, about as close to the Devil as the post-Crisis Lex Luthor has ever gotten. As for the last of my Halloween scans, come back Wednesday for the big finish! [From “Metropolis 900 Mi,” the second story in Superman vol. 2 #9, September 1987. Written and drawn by John Byrne, inked by Karl Kesel, colored by Tom Ziuko, lettered by John Costanza.] New comics 10/24/07 Filed under: countdown, flash, green lantern, justice league, new teen titans, she-hulk, superman, weekly roundups — Tom Bondurant @ 5:27 pm We begin this week with Teen Titans #52 (written by Sean McKeever, pencilled by Jamal Igle, inked by Marlo Alquiza, Jesse Delperdang, and Rob Hunter), essentially a series of fight scenes involving the Titans, their future (evil) selves, and various (present-day) DC bad guys being mind-controlled by Starros. The overall point of these scenes, though, is to play up the contrast between the “whatever it takes” Titans of Tomorrow and our more idealistic heroes. I liked it for the most part, although I have trouble getting into relatively new characters like Kid Devil, Ravager, and Miss Martian. (Kid Devil and Ravager I remember from their original incarnations, but there’s been a lot of water under both of those bridges.) I do like Jamal Igle, though, and he made this action-oriented issue flow nicely. He especially draws Blue Beetle well, with one funny panel towards the end conveying BB’s desperation perfectly — a very Steve Rude-like moment, in fact. I mean, I like McKeever’s work here too; don’t get me wrong. The issue could have been fairly tedious, but there is enough individuality in the voices to make each confrontation slightly different. Green Lantern Corps #17 (written by Dave Gibbons, pencilled by Pascal Alixe, Angel Unzueta, Dustin Nguyen, and Patrick Gleason, inked by Vicente Cifuentes, Rodney Ramos, Rob Hunter, Marlo Alquiza, and Prentis Rollins) made me wonder how “Sinestro Corps War” will read in collected form. This issue shows the invasion of Earth from the GL Corps’ point of view, and weaves in and out of the last Green Lantern, the Super”man” Prime Special, this week’s Blue Beetle, and probably the Cyborg Supes Special too. Kilowog fights Arkillo in San Diego — where, yes, the Convention Center is trashed — and Sodam Yat takes on the Anti-Monitor. As with Teen Titans, lots of fightin’ and carnage. There aren’t a lot of clashing styles among the squadron of pencillers and inkers which put together this issue, so that’s good. It doesn’t feel like there was no plot advancement, although the big reveal at the end shouldn’t have been too surprising to anyone who’s been paying attention to the solicitations. Likewise, if all you read is this comic, then it does a good job of bringing you up to speed on the crossover. For the rest of us, though, it’s good to see the GL Corps win some battles, but it’s a little past time for things to start wrapping up. Also marking time is the Tales of the Sinestro Corps: Superman-Prime Special. The main story is, of course, the cover feature, written by Geoff Johns and drawn by Pete Woods and Jerry Ordway. Since the star of our show is a teenager from “this” Earth, where superheroes are just fictional characters, it takes an appropriately metatextual tone. It therefore also goes back into Johns’ Infinite Crisis mindset, where he’s using a villain to criticize what could easily be argued is his own approach to some superhero stories. Accordingly, it’s never quite clear whether we’re supposed to feel sorry for the former Superboy-Prime, or just treat him as an emo whiner. Certainly the superheroes of DC-Earth prefer the latter, because they pound on him across the globe as he tries to reach an area of sunlight to recharge his batteries. Between this and Amazons Attack, Pete Woods is becoming the go-to artist for well-choreographed superhero dogpiles, and his work is similarly effective here. He might not be thought of as a detail-oriented artist like, say, George Perez, but he’s good at crowd scenes and closeups both. The second story, written by newcomer Sterling Gates with art by Ordway, is a backup featuring the Sinestros’ librarian/Crypt-Keeper, Lyssa Dark. It’s creepy and unsettling, but mostly because it focuses on a Sinestro which kidnaps babies and stows them in a skin-pouch on its back. As is the custom, you see. It’s the kind of thing you admire on a technical level but could stand not to read again for a while. It goes without saying that Jerry Ordway is always good; and Gates does well with what may be his rookie assignment. JLA Classified #45 (written by Justin Gray, pencilled by Rick Leonardi, inked by Sean Phillips) was just confusing after a while. There are two big twists in the issue, one involving where the mental combat is taking place and the other identifying with whom, and both are identified rather subtly. Most of the story to date has been J’Onn fighting off “deviant memories” (for lack of a better phrase) of the JLA, so when the real JLA starts getting involved, it’s harder to tell. It’s a problem with the spare storytelling style generally, I think. If it’s meant to be disorienting, then it worked; but it’s still kind of frustrating. I don’t have much to say about Countdown #27 (written by Paul Dini and Sean McKeever, breakdowns by Keith Giffen, pencilled by Carlos Magno, inked by Rodney Ramos). It didn’t really offend or dazzle me. It almost reminds me of the kind of comic Ninth Wonders (the comic-within-the-show on “Heroes”) must be like. I imagine someone in a larger story using an average issue of Countdown as a guide to the “real” story’s plot. (“Look, Hiro! Buddy Blank and Karate Kid are in Bludhaven! That means the sword has returned to Las Vegas!”) Or, you know, maybe I’ve got too much sugar in my system from that “one last” donut. When the word came down that the next big Action Comics arc would be a Bizarro story, I cringed, fearing it would compare unfavorably to the excellent All-Star Superman Bizarro two-parter. However, “Escape from Bizarro World” (part 3 of which appears in Action Comics #857, written by Geoff Johns and Richard Donner, and drawn by Eric Powell) actually turns out to be pretty good. Powell’s art is a big part of it, naturally — it’s a combination of cartooning and menace which even reminds me of Charles Addams a little bit. Johns and Donner, who I feared would try to ground the Bizarros in reality, thankfully go the other way here, perhaps justifying their flights of fancy through the Bizarro-World setting. Overall, I liked it, and think it stands well on its own. Back in the flagship title, “The Third Kryptonian” rolls on in Superman #669 (written by Kurt Busiek, pencilled by Rick Leonardi, inked by Dan Green). I liked this one too on first read, but I can see where some might recoil at its suggestion of a starfaring Kryptonian Empire, with its corollary that Superman was just one of many survivors of Krypton. I’m reserving judgment, though, until the end. Basically, this issue is an extended flashback recounting the history of the Third Kryptonian, and in technical terms, it’s put together as well as the previous one was. The Flash #233 (written by Mark Waid, drawn by Freddie Williams II) is by now more infamous across the comics internets for its takedown of Batman’s parenting skills, but I thought it was a decent wrap-up to the invasion of the water-based aliens. Williams is a fine fit for the book, although his Wally is a bit beefy. Waid works in another “Look! Up in the sky!” joke (following last week’s Brave & Bold #7) which works better here. The backup is drawn very nicely by Doug Braithwaite, and Waid gets a writing assist from John Rogers, telling a nice little story about Jay Garrick helping the people of “Planet Flash” throw off the yoke of oppression. Finally, here’s Peter David’s first issue as writer of She-Hulk (#22 pencilled by Shawn Moll and inked by Victor Olazaba), in which we are introduced to Jen as a bounty hunter. It’s a significant change from the Slott status quo, but it’s not an intolerable one, and it includes a couple of big questions and a cliffhanger. The art is good — big panels and clean lines — and somewhat reminiscent of Gary Frank. I’ll be back next month. Friday Night Fights Filed under: friday night fights, jack kirby, superman — Tom Bondurant @ 10:12 pm JIMMY OLSEN MUST … oh, you heard that one already? The monsters are mad at Jimmy because he reminds them of their tormentor, an evil genius who’s been manipulating them for his own amusement. Insert Dan DiDio joke here, I suppose…. It’s from Jimmy Olsen Adventures By Jack Kirby Volume 2 — something to look forward to if you haven’t read it yet, Bahlactus! [From “Genocide Spray!” in Superman’s Pal Jimmy Olsen #143, November 1971. Written and pencilled by the King, inked by Vince Colletta, “touch-ups” on Superman and Jimmy by (I think) Murphy Anderson, color reconstruction for the reprint by David Tanguay, lettered by John Costanza.] Thursday Night Thinking Filed under: batman, nightwing, robin, thursday night thinking — Tom Bondurant @ 2:38 pm Halloween in Rutland, Vermont, means superheroes, murder … and THINKING! But what could startle this seasoned crimefighter…? Yep, I imagine that’d do it. Trick or treat, Diamondrock! [From the classic “Night of the Reaper!” in Batman #237, December 1971. Written by Denny O’Neil (from an idea by Berni Wrightson with an assist by Harlan Ellison), pencilled by Neal Adams, inked by Dick Giordano, lettered by John Costanza; and touched-up for its reprinting in Batman Illustrated By Neal Adams Volume 3.] The new Batman Encyclopedia — be careful what you wish for… Filed under: batman — Tom Bondurant @ 2:07 pm Yesterday I did a Blog@Newsarama post about Bob Greenberger’s new version of the Batman Encyclopedia, which is supposed to cover “every Batman comic book appearance in the DC Universe from 1939 through 2007.” I admit freely that I am excited about this book. I get a lot of joy out of nerd reference, and the Michael Fleisher Encyclopediae are already good resources for the Golden and early Silver Ages. However, it strikes me that, as currently described, the Greenberger book may well end up being a de facto DC encyclopedia. “Every Batman comic book appearance in the DC Universe” could conceivably include his adventures with the Justice League and Outsiders, to say nothing of the Robins’ involvement with the Titans and Young Justice, or even the Golden Age Batman’s adventures with the All-Star Squadron and Justice Society. The Fleisher volume had brief entries on the Elongated Man, Superman, and the Legion of Super-Heroes, based on those characters’ team-ups with Batman in Detective and World’s Finest. However, by the same token, you’d think the new volume would have entries on everyone who’d guest-starred with Batman in The Brave and the Bold, plus most members of the Justice League, Justice Society, Marvel Family, New Gods, Checkmate, Suicide Squad, Teen Titans, New Titans, Birds of Prey, Young Justice, Challengers of the Unknown, Outsiders, Injustice League, Secret Society of Super-Villains, Fearsome Five … you get the idea. Therefore, I can’t expect Greenberger’s book to be as comprehensive as the description might suggest, but realistically there’s no way it could be. It should still be a fun read, though, and a great resource for many years to come. Plus, you’d think all that research would make the inevitable Superman update that much easier. Filed under: avengers, sunday soliloquy, superman — Tom Bondurant @ 7:57 pm You may think it’s cheating to feature a possessed Scarlet Witch as this week’s Halloween-themed soliloquy. After all, the Spectre’s pretty much a ghost, but I’d feel bad about using him. In my defense, though, it’s not Wanda speaking, it’s Chthon: Chthon goes on for the better part of three flashback-filled pages about being an earth-spirit who’s ended up bound to Wundagore Mountain. Along the way she ties in her story with the High Evolutionary, Morgan le Fay, and Wanda herself. That brings us to the bottom of page 22: I think it still works as a soliloquy, even without all the exposition, but I can tell you’re skeptical…. Oh, okay, fine; here’s a page worth of Bizarro feeling inferior to Frankenstein: [Avengers scans from “The Call Of The Mountain Thing!” in The Avengers vol. 1 #187, September 1979. Plot by Mark Gruenwald and Steven Grant, written by David Michelinie, pencilled by John Byrne, inked by Dan Green, colored by George Roussos, lettered by Jim Novak.] [Bizarro scan from “Bizarro Meets Frankenstein!” in Superman #143, February 1961; reprinted in black-and-white in Superman From The Thirties To The Seventies. Written by Otto Binder, pencilled by Wayne Boring, inked by Stan Kaye.] Filed under: aquaman, brave and bold, captain america, checkmate, countdown, justice league, power girl, spider-man, wonder woman — Tom Bondurant @ 5:17 pm Since I’ll probably never have the opportunity to do it again, let’s lead off with Aquaman: Sword Of Atlantis #57 (written by Tad Williams and drawn by Shawn McManus), another comma of a last issue. It doesn’t leave the reader hanging as badly as the final issues of Gotham Central or the latest Firestorm, but it’s pretty noncommital. With the globe-threatening problems taken care of as of last issue, #57 finds our cast embroiled in a hostage situation which turns into an opportunity to explore Arthur’s true origins. Yes, Arthur is more connected with Orin than we might have thought; but anyone expecting the dramatic return of the “real” Aquaman may well be disappointed. In fact, I was kinda expecting that, considering that this was the book’s last issue and all, but ignoring the character’s upcoming role in Outsiders. That’ll teach me to take my eyes off the bigger picture. Speaking of pictures, the art is fairly effective, although McManus draws a less beefy Cyborg than I’m used to. I don’t fault his storytelling, but I can’t decide whether his figures are inconsistent, or just drawn to suit the emotion of the particular situation. Otherwise, the issue itself is pretty transitory, answering some questions (yes, Narwhal looks to be who I thought he was) and raising others (whither Tempest?). Ultimately, it leaves Arthur (or “Joseph,” by the end) in a more unsettled place than he was before, and that’s not how I like my endings. If the current Aquaman doesn’t parley his Outsider status (double-meaning probably intended) into a devoted fan following, I predict another “Aquaman: Rebirth” storyline before too long. I didn’t expect Checkmate #19 (written by Greg Rucka, pencilled by Joe Bennett, inked by Jack Jadson) to set up Salvation Run as much as it has, but in hindsight that shouldn’t be a surprise. It’s more political maneuvering, executed most skillfully by Amanda Waller and King Faraday in service of their SR-anticipating plans. Pointing up the connections between ex-Justice Leaguers and Waller’s old Suicide Squad associates is a nice way to recall the roles of, and possible tensions between, those groups. Perhaps it also reminds readers that Justice League International (both the team and the comic) didn’t take its mission too seriously, or at least not as seriously as Waller’s Squadders. Anyway, as usual, Rucka does a great job laying out the motivations and keeping everything straight for the reader. Bennett and Jadson’s work (assisted by Travis Lanham, I think, on colors) is suitably moody, but clean and direct enough that we can tell one “normal” person apart from another. A fine issue that has me eager for more. The double-page spread from Justice League of America #14 (written by Dwayne McDuffie, pencilled by Ed Benes, inked by Sandra Hope), showing Wonder Woman, Black Canary, and Vixen strung up in some high-tech torture device, does look a bit excessive — and that, aside from its unnecessary hypersexualization, is the point. Luthor wants to get Superman mad by showing the cruelties being inflicted on the other Leaguers, but Black Lightning successfully gets him to dial back his rage. That’s pretty much it for the issue — a lot of posturing and grimacing, which seems atypical for McDuffie and doesn’t serve Benes’ strengths well either. I can accept this issue as part of the larger storyline, but next issue’s finale will have to do some heavy lifting to make up for it. Not as much blatant cheesecake as you might have expected in The Brave and the Bold #7 (written by Mark Waid, pencilled by George Perez, inked by Bob Wiacek), a story which teams Wonder Woman and Power Girl. It’s skillfully done, and it ties tangentially into the larger Book Of Destiny storyline, but its core is very familiar. While I liked it, there were a couple of things that bugged me. First, characters’ faces seemed a little off in spots. I don’t know if this is Perez experimenting or some trick of Wiacek’s inking, but in places they looked more like a Perez/Bob McLeod combination. Second, Waid’s “Look, up in the sky” joke walks a very thin line between working and not. Still, for the most part everyone does good work. I especially want to mention colorist Tom Smith, who gets to play with large-scale toys like the various environments, and small details like Power Girl’s eyes (which, by the way, are up here…). I’ve been buying Spider-Man Family (#5 written and drawn by various people) mostly for its offbeat, “generic Spidey” stories which have been pretty good. However, this issue’s lead, written by Kevin Grevioux and drawn by Clayton Henry, didn’t really do it for me. For one thing, guest-star Doctor Strange is deprived of his powers, and compensates with some ill-advised martial arts and telekinetically-animated blades. That made it seem more like the Doctor Strange animated movie, and thus not like the “real” Doc. Also, Doc gets the thankless thought-balloon speech where he notes that Spider-Man “is the definition of ‘hero'” because he fights against the long odds, etc. The art is fine. The second original story, written by Dana Moreshead, pencilled by Eduardo Garcia, and inked by Roger Bonet, has Kraven leading Paris Hilton and Lindsay Lohan stand-ins on an urban safari. It’s cute, but not that distinguished. Captain America #31 (written by Ed Brubaker, drawn by Steve Epting) kicks off Act 2 of “Death of the Dream” with the Winter Soldier being tortured by Doctor Faustus and Sharon Carter struggling with the knowledge of her role in Cap’s death. Most of the WS’s torture involves tweaked “memories” of his time in The Big One with Cap, designed to turn him against his old mentor. Meanwhile, the Falcon, the Black Widow, and Tony Stark compare notes on Sharon and Cap’s death. It was an effective issue that set up a decent cliffhanger. I especially like the way Epting captures the way the Red Skull gets giddily deranged on power. Countdown #28 (written by Paul Dini and Tony Bedard, breakdowns by Keith Giffen, pencils by Al Barrionuevo, inks by Art Thibert) was decent. It covered a lot of ground, including (deep breath) Forager and Jimmy Olsen; Piper and Trickster escaping the Feds; Mary Marvel examined from afar by Shadowpact; weird visits with Brother Eye; and more fighting between the Challengers, the Crime Society, and the Extremists. I think it’s found its level, which is to be a somewhat generic-looking comic whose periodical frequency and plot-point maintenance are its determining factors. If it leaves you one step closer to the end, one Wednesday at a time, it’s done its job. Finally, Bedard writes Birds Of Prey #111 (drawn by Jason Orfalas), the in-person showdown between online adversaries Oracle and the Calculator. It was good, with the suspense coming from the fact that if Oracle’s face were known, her usefulness would be effectively ended. Calculator therefore has to look a little stupid and/or short-sighted not to put the pieces together, but who knows — maybe he’s just what they call “book-smart.” Apart from that, Bedard’s script is pretty clever. Orfalas’ work fits with the style of regular artist Nicola Scott — thin, clear lines, maybe closer to Ethan Van Sciver, but that’s still good. Filed under: friday night fights, meme, power girl, wonder woman — Tom Bondurant @ 11:42 pm A somewhat spoilery scene from this week’s The Brave and the Bold #7: Power Girl’s been possessed by Doctor Alchemy, and s/he’s turned the Fortress of Solitude into Red Kryptonite, crippling Superman. What’s more, she doesn’t think there’s any way Wonder Woman can sneak up on her — that is, until something crashes through the wall…. The Invisible Plane gives Diana the perfect setup for a SUCKA PUNCH! … (ahem) that is, as I understand the term. Close enough, Bahlactus? [From “Scalpels and Chainsaws,” The Brave and the Bold vol. 3 #7, December 2007. Written by Mark Waid, pencilled by George Perez, inked by Bob Wiacek, colored by Tom Smith, lettered by Rob Leigh.] Filed under: superman, thursday night thinking, wonder woman — Tom Bondurant @ 11:12 pm First, a page’s worth of context. See, because Clark “thinking” with his … well, never mind … probably wouldn’t have counted with Diamondrock. Good thing he woke up ready for some regular good ol’ wholesome THINKING! [From “The Mummy Strikes,” Superman vol. 2 #5, May 1987. Written and pencilled by John Byrne, inked by Karl Kesel, colored by Tom Zuiko, lettered by John Costanza.]	cc/2019-30/en_head_0021.json.gz/line12497
__label__wiki	0.749423	0.749423	116 (2019-2020) Senate Senate Sponsor : Shelby, Richard C. [R-AL] Amendments (H.Amdt. or S.Amdt.) 1. S.Amdt.901 — 116th Congress (2019-2020) Purpose: In the nature of a substitute. Amends Bill: H.R.3401 Sponsor: Sen. Shelby, Richard C. [R-AL] (Submitted 06/26/2019) (Proposed 06/26/2019) Latest Action: 06/26/19 Amendment SA 901, under the order of 06/26/19, having achieved 60 votes in the affirmative, was agreed to in Senate by Yea-Nay Vote. 84 - 8. Record Vote Number: 184. (All Actions) 2. S.Amdt.250 — 116th Congress (2019-2020) Purpose: In the nature of a substitute. Amends Bill: H.R.2157 Sponsor: Sen. Shelby, Richard C. [R-AL] (Submitted 05/23/2019) (Proposed 05/23/2019) Latest Action: 05/23/19 Amendment SA 250 agreed to in Senate by Unanimous Consent. (All Actions) 3. S.Amdt.238 — 116th Congress (2019-2020) Amends Bill: H.R.268 Sponsor: Sen. Shelby, Richard C. [R-AL] (Submitted 04/01/2019) 7. S.Amdt.201 — 116th Congress (2019-2020) Purpose: In the nature of a substitute. Amends Bill: H.R.268 Sponsor: Sen. Shelby, Richard C. [R-AL] (Submitted 03/26/2019) (Proposed 03/28/2019) Latest Action: 04/01/19 Motion by Senator McConnell to reconsider the vote by which cloture was not invoked on amendment SA 201 (Record Vote No. 55) entered in Senate. (All Actions) 8. S.Amdt.55 — 116th Congress (2019-2020) Purpose: In the nature of a substitute. Amends Bill: H.J.Res.31 Sponsor: Sen. Shelby, Richard C. [R-AL] (Submitted 01/25/2019) (Proposed 01/25/2019) Latest Action: 01/25/19 Amendment SA 55 agreed to in Senate by Unanimous Consent. (All Actions) 10. S.Amdt.52 — 116th Congress (2019-2020) Purpose: Text of Amendment as Submitted: S652-658 Purpose displays after an amendment is proposed. Amends Bill: H.R.268 Sponsor: Sen. Shelby, Richard C. [R-AL] (Submitted 01/24/2019) 13. S.Amdt.47 — 116th Congress (2019-2020) Purpose: Text of Amendment as Submitted: S638 Purpose displays after an amendment is proposed. Amends Bill: H.R.268 Sponsor: Sen. Shelby, Richard C. [R-AL] (Submitted 01/24/2019) 31. S.Amdt.5 — 116th Congress (2019-2020) Purpose: Of a perfecting nature. Amends Bill: H.R.268 Sponsor: Sen. Shelby, Richard C. [R-AL] (Submitted 01/22/2019) (Proposed 01/22/2019) Latest Action: 03/28/19 Proposed amendment SA 5 withdrawn in Senate. (consideration: CR S2064) (All Actions) Amendments (H.Amdt. or S.Amdt.) [31] Senate amendment submitted [31] Roll call votes on amendments in Senate [3] Shelby, Richard C. [R-AL] Remove Leahy, Patrick J. [D-VT] [1]	cc/2019-30/en_head_0021.json.gz/line12501
__label__wiki	0.652993	0.652993	CD040: History of the Department of Homeland Security August 25, 2013 Jennifer Briney http://traffic.libsyn.com/congressionaldish/CD040_DHS_History.mp3 The Department of Homeland Security (DHS) and the Transportation Security Administration (TSA) did not exist before September 11, 2001. In this episode, we look back at the bills that created these new government agencies. Links to Information in This Episode Intro and Exit Music: Tired of Being Lied To by David Ippolito (found on Music Alley by mevio) Music: Homeland Security Blues by Spartacus Jones (found on Music Alley by mevio) The Department of Homeland Security was created by the Homeland Security Act of 2002 (signed into law on November 25, 2002). Democracy Now episode from November 26, 2002: President Bush signs the Homeland Security Act into law. Contains an interview with Joan Claybrook, former President of Public Citizen The stated purpose was to consolidate all departments related to “homeland security” into one cabinet in response to the September 11 attacks. Twenty-two agencies were brought into the new department: New $4.5 billion Department of Homeland Security headquarter complex only houses the Coast Guard; they just moved over the last few weeks. The Homeland Security Act was passed after many members of a lame duck Congress had left for vacation; corporate friendly provisions were slipped into the bill. Section 201, paragraph 14 orders the Department of Homeland Security to start data-mining: “To establish and utilize, in conjunction with the chief information officer of the Department, a secure communications and information technology infrastructure, including data-mining and other advanced analytical tools, in order to access, receive, and analyze eta and information in furtherance of the responsibilities under this section, and to disseminate information acquired and analyzed by the Department, as appropriate.” Democracy Now episode from November 21, 2002 Contains a Pentagon press conference by Pete Aldridge, then Under Secretary of Defense for Acquisition, Logistics, and Technology, during which he explains the plan for Total Information Awareness Contains an interview with Gail Russell Chaddock, author of an Christian Science Monitor article about the creation of the Department of Homeland Security Total Information Awareness programs were split up and transferred to private contractors hired by the NSA. What are fusion centers? “According to government documents, the fusion centers collect cell phone numbers, insurance claims, credit reports, financial records, and names of relatives and associates. The information is shared among law enforcement officials nationwide.” – Democracy Now, April 3, 2008 Fusions centers collect state and local information from license plate readers Secure Communities collects the fingerprints of everyone who has been arrested Private intelligence companies such as Stratfor do surveillance work for private corporations, the Department of Homeland Security, the military, and intelligence agencies. Democracy Now episode from October 3, 2012 Contains details on a Senate report that concluded Department of Homeland Security fusion centers to be “useless” Border Patrol drones (Source: DHS.gov) Democracy Now episode from May 4 2006 about immigration prisons Contains and interview with Judy Greene, justice policy analyst for Justice Strategies The Transportation Security Administration was created by the Aviation and Transportation Security Act signed into law on November 19, 2001. The act federalized airport security. Democracy Now episode from October 15, 2001 Contains information about the Bush administrations resistance to federalizing airport security Contains information on Argenbright Security, the private security company which failed to detect the 9/11 hijackers at Newark International Airport and Washington-Dulles International Airport. Watch the September 11 hijackers walked by – not through- the metal detectors monitored by employees of Argenbright Security. Huntleigh, the subsidiary of Israeli firm ICTS International, was the security firm at Boston Logan airport on September 11, 2001. Both of the planes that hit the World Trade Center in New York City originated from Boston Logan International Airport & all the hijackers went undetected through security managed by Huntleigh. After airport screening operations were federalized, Huntleigh sued the United States for it’s lost business, calling the federalization “unfair”. The Screening Partnership Program allows airport security operations to be re-privatized. Sixteen airports currently have private security. Section 147 of the Aviation and Transportation Security Act limited liability for the owners and operators of the World Trade Center and New York City for the events of September 11: (b) EXTENSION OF LIABILITY RELIEF TO AIRCRAFT MANUFACTURERS AND OTHERS- Section 408 of that Act is amended– (1) by striking `air carrier’ in the section heading; (2) by striking subsection (a) and inserting the following: `(a) IN GENERAL- `(1) LIABILITY LIMITED TO INSURANCE COVERAGE- Notwithstanding any other provision of law, liability for all claims, whether for compensatory or punitive damages or for contribution or indemnity, arising from the terrorist-related aircraft crashes of September 11, 2001, against an air carrier, aircraft manufacturer, airport sponsor, or person with a property interest in the World Trade Center, on September 11, 2001, whether fee simple, leasehold or easement, direct or indirect, or their directors, officers, employees, or agents, shall not be in an amount greater than the limits of liability insurance coverage maintained by that air carrier, aircraft manufacturer, airport sponsor, or person. `(2) WILLFUL DEFAULTS ON REBUILDING OBLIGATION- Paragraph (1) does not apply to any such person with a property interest in the World Trade Center if the Attorney General determines, after notice and an opportunity for a hearing on the record, that the person has defaulted willfully on a contractual obligation to rebuild, or assist in the rebuilding of, the World Trade Center. `(3) LIMITATIONS ON LIABILITY FOR NEW YORK CITY- Liability for all claims, whether for compensatory or punitive damages or for contribution or indemnity arising from the terrorist-related aircraft crashes of September 11, 2001, against the City of New York shall not exceed the greater of the city’s insurance coverage or $350,000,000. If a claimant who is eligible to seek compensation under section 405 of this Act, submits a claim under section 405, the claimant waives the right to file a civil action (or to be a party to an action) in any Federal or State court for damages sustained as a result of the terrorist-related aircraft crashes of September 11, 2001, including any such action against the City of New York. The preceding sentence does not apply to a civil action to recover collateral source obligations.’; and (3) by adding at the end of subsection (c) the following: `Subsections (a) and (b) do not apply to civil actions to recover collateral source obligations. Nothing in this section shall in any way limit any liability of any person who is engaged in the business of providing air transportation security and who is not an airline or airport sponsor or director, officer, or employee of an airline or airport sponsor.’. Domestic Security Bill Riles 9-11 Families, New York Times, November 26, 2002. Information regarding the history of the World Trade Center construction, New York City building codes, and the death tolls from the World Trade Center on September 11, 2001 were from The Untold Story of the Fight to Survive Inside the Twin Towers by Jim Dwyer and Keven Flynn. Democracy Now episode from September 1, 2005: Hurricane Katrina exposed the dis-function of the Department of Homeland Security Contains an interview with Matthew Brzezinski, author of “Fortress America: On the Frontlines of Homeland Security-An Inside Look at the Coming Surveillance State.” Representatives Quoted in this Episode Rep. James Sensenbrenner of Wisconsin (clip from House floor, November 16, 2001) Rep. Steny Hoyer of Maryland (clip from House floor, November 22, 2002) 107th Congress 9/11 Argenbright Aviation and Transportation Security Act Border Patrol Dan Burton data-mining Democracy Now Department of Homeland Security DHS FEMA fusion centers Homeland Security Act of 2002 Huntleigh Hurricane Katrina ICE immigration James Sensenbrenner limited liability Pete Aldridge Screening Partnership Program Secure Communities September 11 Steny Hoyer Total Infromation Awareness Transportation Security Administration TSA World Trade Center	cc/2019-30/en_head_0021.json.gz/line12502
__label__wiki	0.602921	0.602921	Many Women Still Don't Take Heart Disease Seriously Campaign seeks to highlight risks, encourage proactive approach to heart health By Janice Billingsley WEDNESDAY, Oct. 12, 2005 (HealthDay News) -- More American women than ever know that heart disease is the leading cause of death they face. Yet, too many mistakenly believe they aren't personally at risk and don't take the necessary steps to protect their hearts. Those findings were presented at an American Heart Association (AHA) news conference in New York City on Tuesday, designed to encourage women to take a more aggressive approach to their heart health. According to AHA surveys, 46 percent of women list heart disease as their leading cause of death, but only 13 percent report that they feel at personal risk for heart disease. That's a gap that's "alarming to us," said Kathy Rogers, vice president of Cause Initiatives and Integrated Marketing for the American Heart Association. Menstrual Cups Equal Pads, Tampons in Effectiveness, Data Shows Just 300 Fewer Calories a Day Brings a Health Benefit How to Create a Diet That Lowers Your Cholesterol "A woman will say, 'I know it's the number-one cause of death, but I'm not worried about it for myself,'" she said. "There is an emotional, personal disconnect." To address this gap, the AHA news conference unveiled a new direction for the association's nearly two-year-old Go Red For Women program. The campaign, coupled with earlier AHA initiatives, has increased awareness among women of the dangers of heart disease by 50 percent, Rogers said. Now, the Go Red For Women initiative will aim to personalize this message so women begin to take better care of themselves. But the new campaign is about more than just raising awareness, Rogers said -- it's designed to motivate women to action. Measure will include literal hands-on messages like: asking women to put their hands over their heart every day to feel it beating and appreciate how it works, providing materials to both women and doctors that identify heart-disease risks for women, encouraging women to wear a Go Red For Women dress pin, available for free from the AHA, and wearing red next Feb. 3, to show support for National Heart Month. Rogers said the AHA will also help women to become more proactive about adopting a healthier diet and lifestyle, informing them about personal risk factors, and urging them to visit their doctors on a regular basis. The news conference included Dr. Nieca Goldberg, chief of Women's Cardiac Care at Lenox Hill Hospital in New York City, and a clinical volunteer with the heart association. "Women seem to know activities that will reduce the risk of heart disease, like exercise and not smoking, but are not aware of their personal risk factors, like high cholesterol or blood pressure," she said. Goldberg urged women to "know your numbers," including body mass index (BMI); cholesterol levels, including LDL (bad) and HDL (good) readings; triglyceride (blood fat) levels; blood pressure; waist circumference; and, if they have diabetes, fasting glucose levels. According to AHA guidelines, total cholesterol should be under 200 milligrams per deciliter of blood (mg/dL); triglyceride levels should be less than 150 mg/DL; blood pressure should be less that 120/80 mmHg; and waist circumference should be less than 35 inches. In addition, HDL cholesterol levels should be 50 mg/dL or higher, and LDL levels should be less than 160 mg/dL for people at low risk for heart disease, and less than 130 mg/dL for those at intermediate risk. If your numbers are outside of these guidelines, you could be at higher risk for heart disease, Goldberg said, no matter what your age. "There are fewer heart attacks among women under 50, but they are deadlier -- those women are two times more likely to die," she said. "Further, 80 percent of heart attacks occur in women who have a major risk factor, like high blood pressure or cholesterol, a smoking habit or diabetes." Goldberg added that symptoms of a heart attack often mimic other health problems, and women should be aware of these often-subtle signs and see their doctors right away. They include shortness of breath; chest discomfort that can seem like heartburn; pain or discomfort in the upper body, like arms, back, neck, jaw or stomach; and nausea or breaking into a cold sweat. According to the AHA, cardiovascular disease claims more women's lives than the next six causes of death combined -- about 500,000 women a year. One in 2.5 women who die, die of heart disease, stroke and other cardiovascular diseases, compared with one in 30 who die of breast cancer. But for most women -- and men -- simple changes in lifestyle and diet can significantly reduce the risk of the disease, the association said. To learn more about women and heart disease, visit the American Heart Association. SOURCES: Nieca Goldberg, M.D., chief, Women's Cardiac Care, Lenox Hill Hospital, New York City, and clinical volunteer, American Heart Association; Kathy Rogers, vice president, Cause Initiatives and Integrated Marketing, American Heart Association, Dallas; Oct. 11, 2005, American Heart Association Go Red For Women news conference, New York City Last Updated: Oct 12, 2005 Copyright © 2005 ScoutNews LLC. All rights reserved.	cc/2019-30/en_head_0021.json.gz/line12504
__label__wiki	0.965477	0.965477	Unusual Clinton Payments To DNC Create Conflict Of Interest (REUTERS/Joe Skipper) Luke Rosiak Investigative Reporter January 04, 2016 7:50 PM ET Hillary Clinton and the Democratic National Committee have an unusual and apparently unprecedented agreement in which an entity she controls has paid nearly $20 million to the political panel, even as its leadership plays a supposedly impartial role in fostering competition between the former secretary of state and her rivals for the party’s 2016 presidential nomination. Clinton created a “joint fundraising committee” Sept. 10 that funneled big-money donations in excess of the per-campaign limit to the DNC. In the next 20 days, she raised and gave $600,000 to the DNC, and the figure ballooned to $18 million in the fourth quarter, according to newly released figures — a third of her total haul. Normally the party would only team up with a candidate that way if the candidate was the nominee. “There is clearly an appearance that Clinton’s ability to raise money for the DNC (and states) through her joint fundraising committee could influence the party during the primaries,” Larry Noble, general counsel of the Campaign Legal Center and the former top lawyer for the Federal Election Commission, told The Daily Caller News Foundation. “Clinton’s ability to raise money for the DNC and Party committees gives her influence with the DNC,” Noble said. By comparison, President Barack Obama didn’t create a revenue-sharing agreement with the DNC until June 2008 after he had secured enough primary votes to be the Democratic nominee. Former Massachusetts Gov. Mitt Romney didn’t enter into a partnership with the Republican National Committee until April 2012, the month the RNC declared him its presumptive nominee. A search of federal records showed no previous examples of national parties historically entering into agreements with someone who wasn’t ultimately the nominee. In order to create a joint fundraising committee, both the party and the candidate must agree to the terms. While the move on one hand indicates that Clinton believes that she is already the de facto nominee and the competition from Vermont Sen. Bernie Sanders and former Maryland Gov. Martin O’Malley is essentially a show, it may also provide an explanation for the behavior of DNC Chairman [crscore]Debbie Wasserman Schultz[/crscore]. Wasserman Schultz has been criticized by Democrats who claim she has favored Clinton by refusing to hold more than six debates, seemingly giving voters little opportunity to be introduced to Clinton alternatives. The Huffington Post reported shortly after the fundraising committee’s inception that it was “out of the ordinary,” but so far no one has identified its existence as a possible factor in the favoritism the party’s referees have seemingly showed to Clinton. The rift busted wide open last month, however, with the Sanders campaign filing a lawsuit against the DNC, saying it was showing preference to Clinton after the party barred Sanders from accessing party data. The Vermont senator’s aides saw data intended for Clinton because of a vendor error. The DNC maintains data that is essential to its candidates for campaigning. “We directed NGP VAN to suspend the Sanders campaign’s access to the system until the DNC is provided with a full accounting of whether or not this information was used and the way in which it was disposed,” Wasserman Shultz wrote. The Sanders staffer who looked at the data was recommended to the campaign for hiring by the DNC. Sanders’ lawsuit said the ban was “unwarranted” and “unilateral” and broke the contract, under which it was supposed to have 10 days written notice to fix any problems. The third and most recent debate took place six days before Christmas, when most Americans were more concerned with their holiday plans than politics. Sanders said a bad date was intentionally picked by DNC officials to help ensure Clinton’s nomination. “I think there is a desire on the part of the DNC to protect Secretary Clinton,” he told WMUR Channel 9 ABC in Manchester, N.H. “In Iowa, do you know when the debate was held?” Sanders said, referring to the prior debate. “It was the night of the big football game in Iowa. Do you think that’s a coincidence?” The timing of Clinton’s deal with the DNC coupled with a new Supreme Court ruling, McCutcheon v. FEC, makes her the biggest campaign “bundler” of all time. The court ruling says that individuals can give $666,000 each to politicians per cycle, instead of the previous limit of $123,000. All of the donors who give to the joint fundraising committee are part of the “one percent,” as the reason for the fund’s existence is to provide an overflow valve so that donors can give more than they can legally contribute to the campaign itself. The money comes from a who’s who of major industries, such as $33,400 from Charif Souki, CEO of Cheniere Energy, and the same amount from Deven Parekh, managing director of Insight Venture Partners, a private equity firm. Bundlers are middlemen who collect contributions from wealthy donors and deliver them to another group, getting personal credit in the process. Clinton and other Democrats routinely cast Republicans as beholden to special interests by reason of having accepted money from wealthy individuals. Strangely, on Nov. 20, the Sanders campaign created its own joint fundraising committee. But because Sanders does not have a base of wealthy supporters, it is unlikely that it has raised much money for the party, if any — tensions between him and the party aside. The Sanders effort has not yet filed any fundraising reports. The Sanders campaign would not tell The Daily Caller News Foundation whether the DNC pressured it to create its own joint fundraising committee to establish the appearance of parity, or put any strings in place, such as making it a requirement to access party data. The DNC did not immediately say whether any conflict of interest provisions went along with the early Clinton fundraising partnership, or how it was maintaining a neutral role. The Clinton campaign did not immediately respond to a request for comment. Clinton’s unprecedented establishment of a joint fundraising agreement also allows her to play a numbers game to give an impression of strength against Sanders. Clinton can brag that she raised $55 million last quarter compared to Sanders’ $33 million. That makes for a compelling bragging point even though $18 million of Clinton’s haul was raised in the party’s name, and the campaign totals were actually much closer: $37 million to $33 million. Follow Luke on Twitter Tags : bernie sanders campaign finance democratic national committee hillary clinton Luke Rosiak Follow Luke on Twitter. Send tips to luke@dailycallernewsfoundation.org or securely to lukerosiak@protonmail.com.	cc/2019-30/en_head_0021.json.gz/line12506
__label__cc	0.58499	0.41501	Carlson Fable Collections Books of Fables Fables of La Fontaine No Author 2006. University of Washington Press. Seattle La Fontaine. Here is the first of two extra copies of this book. In 1855 the French caricaturist Honoré Daumier and other artists proposed to illustrate anew the fables of la Fontaine. Their project was never realized, but it inspired The Fables Project, out of which this book comes. Painter Koren Christofides brings together more than sixty artists from the USA, Europe, and Asia to create original artwork for La Fontaine's fables. These illustrations -- by painters, printmakers, photographers, ceramists, sculptors, conceptual artists, fiber artists, and art historians -- celebrate an extraordinary intersection of contemporary art with the fabulist tradition. There are sixty-five fables here, including both the familiar and the less known. The introduction by Constantine Christofides describes the volatile social context of seventeenth-century France as well as the literary tradition, stemming from Aesop, that underlies La Fontaine's fables. Koren Christofides, the project's initiator and director, gives a curator's account in her preface of the present-day artists' exhibition from which the book's illustrations were chosen. Each artist chose a fable and was required to illustrate it in an 8 x 11 format. This book itself is 8½ x 11 and has xxii + 150 pages. Let me list first some of the more provocative and unusual illustrations: Dean Goelz's The Fox Brings the Wolf to Trial Before the Monkey (21), which features the same human face in all three white animals; Valerie du Chene's Sponge Donkey, Salt Donkey (27), which seems to hinge on a joke using the phrase trou d'eau; Jesse Bransford's The Crow Who Wanted to Imitate the Eagle (33), with overlays including a space capsule; Gene Gentry McMahon's The Cat Transformed into a Woman (35) with a bride clenching her teeth around a caught mouse; and Nathaniel Vaughn's The Cat, the Weasel, and the Little Rabbit (79), with a maze of habitations. Good traditional representations of the fables include Shirley Scheier's The Frog and the Rat (51), which combines colored and black-and-white figures; Norman Lundin's 2P (55), stately, simple, and traditional; Linda Beaumont's The Ears of the Hare (57), with a spectral monster facing the bunny; and Elin O'Hara Slavick's The Animals Sick from the Plague (69), a terribly simple presentation of the hanged donkey with a patch of grass in its mouth. Constantine Christofides is professor emeritus of comparative literature, French, and art history at the University of Washington. Christopher Carsten, a poet and translator, is on the faculty at the Institute for American Universities.	cc/2019-30/en_head_0021.json.gz/line12515
__label__cc	0.552853	0.447147	Noah’s Ark and the each pair of animals Home/Mailbag/Noah’s Ark and the each pair of animals ← What about the earthquake that raised the dead? Do Jehovah's Witnesses need to be re-baptized? → QUESTION: The Bible says Jehovah destroyed the world with the flood and that Noah and his family were commanded by Him to build an ark. God also told him to bring a pair of animals. If that Ark is the size of football field (so as to speak), how many pairs of animals does it hold? Yes, only the land animals in that ark, and also for argument sake we can tell that all the birds were on rooftops. Is there an explanation? I know Bible is God’s word, but I am eager to know how? ANSWER: The Ark was considerably larger than a football field. It was 300 cubits long. (Although there were different lengths of a cubit, the standard was the length of a man’s arm from elbow to the finger tip, which averages about 18 inches.) At 18 inches that would make 300 cubits about 450 feet, which is one and a half times the size of an American football field. But the Ark had three decks. So, that would mean the Ark had the floor space of four and a half football fields. The cubic space of the Ark would have been roughly equivalent to 500 U.S.-size box cars. Imagine, 5 fright trains each pulling 100 cars! That is the space Jehovah designed into the Ark. That is more than enough room for two of every animal, including the birds of heaven and food for a year. And, we do not know, the account doesn’t say, but God could have used juvenile animals that were not fully grown. For example, there is a huge difference between a juvenile hippo and a fully grown behemoth. And, again, we do not know, but God could have put many of the animals into a hibernative sleep for the duration, as most mammals have the capacity to hibernate although most do not under normal circumstances. That would have certainly alleviated the chore of feeding and watering and stall cleaning. By the way, Noah did not bring the animals. Jehovah brought the animals and birds to him and God’s angel closed the door to the Ark. Check out “Christian Answers” to the questions associated with the Flood and ark Robert King2015-08-05T20:51:32-04:00June 11th, 2013\|Mailbag\|1 Comment	cc/2019-30/en_head_0021.json.gz/line12517
__label__cc	0.583968	0.416032	All About Me: American Racism, American Narcissism, and the Conversation America Can’t Have Boy @ The Window Pictures Boy @ The Window Theme Music Notes from a Boy @ The Window Tag Archives: Sexism On Wet Rags and Crocodile Tears Posted by decollins1969 in 1, Boy @ The Window, culture, Eclectic, Mount Vernon High School, Mount Vernon New York, Pittsburgh, Politics, Pop Culture, race, University of Pittsburgh, Youth Academia, Allison Ettel, Black Feminism, Brittney Cooper, Caitriona Balfe, Claire, Crocodile Tears, Femininity, Feminism, Hypermasculinity, Kyle Stephens, Legitimate Tears, Lifetime, Misogyny, Outlander, Pitt, Racism, Ruby Hamad, Sexism, Shay Stewart Bouley, Wet Rags, White Women's Tears, White-Girl Tears, Workplace Issues The tears of Allison Ettel, a.k.a., #PermitPatty, NBC’s The Today Show (cropped), June 26, 2018. (http://bet.com). I’ve been thinking about this post for a while, probably for at least two years. But it does help when others closer to the subject write about it as well. Between @ProfessorCrunk Brittney Cooper’s chapter “White-Girl Tears” in her hard-hitting Black feminist primer Eloquent Rage (2018), @blackgirlinmain Shay Stewart Bouley’s recent blog post “Weapon of lass destruction: The tears of a white woman,” and Ruby Hamad’s piece in The Guardian, “How white women use strategic tears to silence women of colour,” what can I really add? (Everyone who believes in feminism and wants to support women of color writers ought to read these essays, by the way). Oh, just the idea that men of color deal with White women’s/girl’s tears as well. And that some of us have been just anti-sexist enough to recognize how our Whiteness and patriarchal-dominated society privileges and legitimizes such tears, often to our detriment. Over the years, I’ve taken to calling those who cry over the least amount of adversity and stress wet rags, and those instances in which sobbing becomes a central theme “wet-rag episodes.” This started for me in the late-1990s, when my then girlfriend (now wife of eighteen years) would spent upwards of 12 hours of her Saturdays watching Lifetime movies (some of which were originally NBC, ABC, or CBS specials, before the dominant return of reality TV in the double aughts). At first, I did a play on Lifetime‘s slogan back then, “Lifetime: Television for Women,” adding, “not for men” whenever the tag line appeared during commercials. But Lifetime is an addiction, if you sit there long enough watching the ups and downs of romances, the constant threat of stalkers, date rape, teenage pregnancy, and drugs, and the upbeat endings and vindication at the end of every two-hour movie. What I noticed most of all, though, were the waterworks. Everyone from Lynda Carter to Lindsay Wagner, from Elizabeth Montgomery to Jaclyn Smith could cry at the sound of a book drop! Cartoon character from Fairly Odd Parents crying an ocean of tears (cropped), June 30, 2018. (http://fairlyoddfanon.wikia.com). Admittedly, I cry very easily while watching emotional and gut-wrenching scenes. I cried when I saw Viola Davis take on Denzel Washington’s character in Fences (2016) over his years of cheating and his secret family. Especially when Davis blew a snot bubble in the middle of the scene. I was through for the next three minutes! With Lifetime movies, though, I stopped crying for these White women over the twists and turns in their lives. I watched one scene in one movie where the main character broke out and cried at her dining room table in her laid-out, five-bedroom home when she realized she only had $10,000 left in her bank account. I didn’t just laugh. I howled. As someone for whom poverty and financial struggles have been a constant companion, having that much money in any account at any time has always been a time of celebration. “You shouldn’t laugh. Poverty is relative,” Angelia said while also laughing. “No, it isn’t. She’s a wet rag!” I responded. I’ve spent a good portion of my career proving this point, too. That scene took me back to so many wet-rag episodes in my life. Like when my high school valedictorian classmate cried angry tears over a 67 on an English essay exam our junior year, losing 25 points because she didn’t underline James Baldwin’s book title Notes from a Native Son in her essay. I didn’t feel sorry for her, Ms. 5.45 GPA, not one bit (it’s all in Boy @ The Window). Or, during my second year in grad school at Pitt, when a student in one of my US History to 1877 sections tried to proposition me to raise her C- average. When that didn’t work, a fountain of tears poured out. I handed her a tissue, but said, “Your tears in no way are a substitute for studying and working harder in this class.” She didn’t exactly give me 5’s on her evaluations of me in the course at the end of that semester. Ten years later, I had White women as co-workers and students who could cry about almost anything. My one-time boss Ken blamed me for making a former co-worker cry because I refused to take her “I hope you had a wonderful vacation!” the week after 9/11 in stride. Yeah, sure. It was a week in which I was stuck in Atlanta for four days after a one-day work trip and had to take Greyhound for 15 hours back to DC, not knowing if my older brother was dead or alive. I said as much to my co-worker, and she ran away from me crying. A student in my History of American Education Reform graduate course cried when I refused to change her grade from an A- to an A. I was in the middle of explaining how she could revise her research paper and still end up with an A. It was just before Thanksgiving, and until that moment, I had thought that this was one of the best courses I’d ever taught, with one of the best group of students I had had in one of my courses. Her sudden sobbing actually pissed me off. I tried not to show it. But I did say, “What are you crying about? There’s nothing about your standing in this course for you to be crying about.” I said it in a tone that I’d only find again once my son became a preteen. Caitriona Balfe as Claire wailing over the loss of Jamie and the Battle of Culloden, July 9, 2016. (http://www.bookbub.com). It’s to the point now that I don’t even watch wet-rag shows anymore, at least once the character becomes one. For example, I watched the split first season of Starz’s Outlander with Caitriona Balfe as Claire, and found it mostly enjoyable. Until she began turning on the waterworks in practically every episode. My wife continues to watch, but laughs every time I ask, “What happened on Wet Rag this week?” I know that White women and White girls, like all human beings, have plenty good reason to cry. Every time I saw video of Kyle Stephens‘ sentencing-phase testimony about what convicted rapist and felon Larry Nassar starting doing to her when she was five years old, I cried for her and with her. Trauma and tragedy are good reasons to cry, wail, sob, and weep. But, so many wet-rag tears are drop-of-the-hat, crocodile tears. About getting caught in lies, about making racist and anti-poverty and anti-women-of-color statements that don’t go over well, about anything that would otherwise paint them as narcissistic and not-so-smart brats. While I know I don’t have as difficult a row to hoe as so many women of color in the public sphere, one thing I know I’m not allowed to do in a hyper-masculine world of Whiteness and patriarchy is cry. I got hit with the f-bomb so many times growing up, from Black boys, Black men, and Black women, and faced threats of violence as a result. I would’ve been recommended for psychotherapy if I had ever cried over an A-, and been laughed at for complaining about my workplace conditions. Women of color can lose careers over their tears. Black boys and men have lost their freedom and lives over them. One isn’t less damaged over the delegitimization of our tears, but the damage can be differential, depending on gender, class, sexual orientation, and the level of toxic hyper-masculinity surrounding you. That is why I can’t stand wet rags. Their tears fill the world with concern and fear, and marginalize and dehumanize the rest of us. I have no sympathy for crocodile tears. I don’t know if I’ve ever had sympathy for them. “Grace,” #MeToo, and Our Binary World Posted by decollins1969 in 1, Boy @ The Window, culture, Eclectic, Mount Vernon High School, Pittsburgh, Politics, Pop Culture, race #MeToo, Alexander Pope, and Our Binary World, Babe.net, Binary Thinking, Context, Either-Or, Feminism, Gender, Grace, Hypermasculinity, Intersectionality, Jade Martin, Katie Way, Larry Nassar, Maturity, Misogyny, Mrs. Buckley, Privilege, Rohingya Crisis, Sexism, Sexual Assault, The Rape of the Lock (1715), Whiteness Water buffaloes in mud, January 2017. (http://reddit.com). Part of me knows that some of you will assume that I shouldn’t be discussing this on my blog at all. I’m a man, a Black man, a middle-aged Black man, so what do I know, really? I haven’t been on a date with anyone other than my wife since 1995. And my own history with hypermasculinity and sexism combined with my exposure to patriarchy and misogyny should disqualify me from making any comments on Babe.net’s “Grace” piece, right? But I do have a few things to say. That is, after a week of reading tweets, articles, Facebook posts, as well as conversations with my wife and a couple of friends. Most of the divide has been between those adamant that “Grace” was a #MeToo victim of some form of sexual violation and those who believed that her evening with Aziz Ansari was little more than a bad date. This is yet another time in which the American penchant for seeing the world as white or black, or in computer code, as 0s or 1s, can literally blind most from the truth. Both sides are sort of right and sort of wrong. And like an electron (which can be in two places seemingly at once), this isn’t a binary issue. It’s a both-and situation. Either-or thinking, December 2014. (http://survivingchurch.org). Ansari was a doggish pig. Period. His intent with “Grace” was purely sexual. He saw her as a piece of meat (or, really, a “piece of ass”). That would explain both Ansari’s words and actions as Katie Way wrote them last week. Does that make his sexist? Of course! Ansari also tried to persuade “Grace” into full-blown intercourse a couple of times after she had expressed her uncomfortability with moving beyond kissing, oral sex, and other fondling. Coercive behave is also doggish, venturing toward the misogynistic. All of this is true, and is certainly part of how entitlement and patriarchy can work together in sexual relationships. Context, however, is always important in any situation. Especially one that isn’t as cut and dry as what Way described regarding “Grace” and her Ansari date. So many have harped on the idea that questioning “Grace’s” decision-making in any form is the equivalent of what misogynists do to rape victims. Not true. Not when the power dynamic is limited and diffuse at best. Not when Ansari never used physical coercion or the threat thereof to get the sex he obviously wanted. And certainly not when “Grace’s” actions didn’t line up with her word. Some have argued about the inability of men to read the subliminal subtext of women when they are saying “No” or “I’m leaning toward no.” And for many men, this may well be the case. For so many women, being too direct may well lead to a verbal or physical confrontation with a misogynistic man. But that negates the context of Way’s piece. “Grace’s” physical responses and cues throughout the sexual encounter either belied her words, or her words were simply unclear. Truth is, after their first try, Ansari should’ve not only just stopped, which he did. He should’ve also immediately called “Grace” a cab and sent her home. But in even writing this, isn’t this as much a form of ceding power to patriarchy as it would be a sign of sexual maturity, at least on Ansari’s part? Truth is, “Grace” should’ve also have been clearer with herself about what she wanted from her date. And should’ve just ended the date, rudely, discreetly, with clearer words and clearer actions, either at the restaurant or after the first sign of being uncomfortable. Because feminism is about taking charge of one’s own womanhood, and not just merely resisting patriarchy and misogyny with mealy-mouthed language. Truth is, “Grace” had very different expectations of Ansari and that one-and-only date. The kind of expectations that are a bit immature, especially for a women who thinks that “[y]ou guys are all the same. You guys are all the fucking same.” That the main divide among women who’ve commented on “Grace” is age (with the over-under around 35 years old) is telling. Some will say that women (especially younger women) shouldn’t put up with legal yet boorish behavior, either. So don’t! Truth is, “Grace’s” story via Way’s article is a hit piece, a sort of revenge for Ansari bursting her internalized image of him as one of the few “good guys.” “Grace” got to violate Ansari’s private life because she was enraged that Ansari saw her as little more than a piece of sexual meat. And while Ansari showed himself on this date with “Grace” to be a sexist pig, this isn’t a #MeToo moment. Unless, of course, we distance ourselves from context, privilege, and intersectionality. Most assume that “Grace” was a 22-year-old White woman. Probably. But even if not, Way’s article about “Grace” is drowning in Whiteness. Especially when considering “Grace’s” relatively lofty expectations that Ansari would be different from other men. Especially when taking the approach that she wanted Ansari to calm her down after the awkwardness of their first sexual try. What made “Grace” think that he was so different? What made her actions as confusing as they were? A lock of blonde hair (an allusion to Pope’s Rape of the Lock), June 18, 2013. (http://allure.com). The Sturm und Drang over this hit piece reminds me of when I read Alexander Pope’s mock epic poem The Rape of the Lock in tenth grade. I might not remember much from Mrs. Buckley’s otherwise boring-ass English class in 1984-85, but I do remember the story of how a war started because a baron cut a lock of Belinda’s hair and kept it. It’s also typical of how race riots and lynchings of Black men often occurred, over perceived slights and embarrassing winks. Speaking of intersectionality, where have all the “Grace” defenders been this week on serious #MeToo issues? Where have they been on Jade Martin for the past week, as a video of her assault at the hands of a Pizza Milano manager in Pittsburgh went viral, an instance of both racism and misogyny? Where have they been on the sentencing phase for Larry Nassar, a man who sexually assault over 100 young women and girls over decades? Where are they on the Rohingya, as the Myanmar security forces have admitted killing and raping women and children while driving them out of the country? No, for so many privileged, younger, and White American women, a bad sexual encounter with a man whose sexual sexism was obvious is more important that the felony assault of a Black women for wanting to use the bathroom. The last week has shown yet again the racial, ethnic, class, and even age divide that has plagued #MeToo ever since it became more about White women and less about marginalized women and people. News Media, You’re Elitism is Showing Posted by decollins1969 in 1, culture, Eclectic, Patriotism, Politics, Pop Culture, race Domestic News, Elite Privilege, International News, Journalism, Las Vegas, Manchester Bombing, Mogadishu Bombing, News Coverage, Puerto Rico, Racism, Rohingya Crisis, Sexism, Stephen Paddock, Tropes Your fly is open: 7 awkward conversations people will never have with your, April 2015. (https://havemoreinfluence.com). Elitism, and with it, the ability to ignore the pain and suffering of those with no voice, is the true common denominator in American news coverage. Press reports often are about securing access to the rich and powerful, about what news organizations believe the public wants to hear. There’s also the embedded assumption within the news establishment that the American public simply isn’t smart or caring enough to understand serious news that doesn’t involve or look like them. The news media lets its captive American audience down because it seldom treats events with equal intensity. This is especially true of international news, which outside of The New York Times, NPR, Vice News, and PBS, is virtually nonexistent. On October 14, a suicide bomber set off two truck bombs in the center of Mogadishu, the capital of Somalia, leaving at least 300 dead and more than 300 wounded. And though American reporting on this terrorist attack has been more robust than usual, it is hardly 24/7. Instead, the Hollywood producer Harvey Weinstein’s fall from grace and his decades of predatory sexual harassment has been the dominant news story. Not to mention, the daily drumbeat around President Donald Trump, his anti-Obama policies, and his unhinged tweets and press conferences. A more classic example of disproportionate news coverage occurred in May. The American press reported around-the-clock on the suicide bombing at the end of an Ariana Grande concert in Manchester, England, a tragedy that took 23 lives. Yet that same week, gunmen surrounded a bus full of Egyptian Coptic Christians on their way to a monastery and killed 29 men, women, and children, and wounded two dozen others. American news coverage of the Egypt attack was the equivalent of crickets in the woods by comparison. One could easily substitute the reportage on the London Tube (the city’s subway system) attack at the Parsons Green station that injured 30 in September and compare it to the minimal coverage of ethnic cleansing of the Rohingya in Myanmar since the middle of August. Or, contrast it with the widespread flooding that killed more than 1,200 in India, Nepal, and Bangladesh, and left more than 40 million people homeless, school-less, without work, or with farmland too ruined to work. This is more than the idea that Black and Brown lives matter far less than European and White ones. It is the unwitting elitist judgment within American news organizations that stability, peace, justice, and innocence only belong to those living in the West. Domestically, American news is just as slanted in favor of elitism and access. Puerto Rico and its 3.5 million people have suffered and died in the aftermath of Hurricane Maria and from malignant government neglect over the past three weeks According to one report, at least 450 Puerto Ricans may have died from this one-two punch of climate-change tragedy and federal government incompetence. Yet most of the American news on Puerto Rico has focused on Trump’s statements blaming its people for their own misery. The American press has been covering Puerto Rico as if it’s just another poor country, one full of brown-skinned people, one that really has nothing to do with Americans or American interests at all. Even when the reporting involves the continental US and White Americans, the elitism remains obvious. White male terrorist attacks have been on the rise in recent years, especially in the year since Donald Trump won the 2016 Presidential Election. Stephen Paddock orchestrated the latest attack, the mass shooting at the Route 91 Harvest Festival in Las Vegas that scattered a crowd of 22,000 concert-goers, as he killed 58 and wounded more than 500 before taking his own life. The American press, true to itself, has refused to use the word terrorism to describe the attack. The incident itself has faded from the news media’s eyeline. But what reporting there has been in the weeks since has included a focus on Paddock’s possible motive and his mental health status. Their coverage, though, has also included a heavy dose of the elitist trope of all-American individual heroes triumphing over individual evildoers. Treatment of these incidents reveals the significant role news reportage plays in perpetuating stereotypes. In this case, one where White criminality is rare and unusual, while Arab Americans are automatically Islamic terrorists. A monolithic, elitist news media makes this half-baked reporting possible. The triumph of elitism in news stems from forty years of corporate consolidation across all platforms (thanks to Rupert Murdoch and Ted Turner) and the increasing socioeconomic exclusion within the industry’s ranks. According to freelance writer and editor David Dennis, Jr., the industry is “populated by those who can afford the jobs,” predominantly by White men (and to lesser extent, White women) in an era of shrinking staffs. The “they” attend elite universities and colleges, earn master’s degrees at journalism schools, and mostly work unpaid internships as the entry point for their careers. The increasing abundance of affluent individuals in the field has also “changed the way issues are reported and the quality of the product” Americans consume. News organizations and the people they employ are every bit as representative of the American elite as the affluent business leaders and powerful politicians on whom they regularly report. Keeping things simple and giving “equal time” to “both sides”—unless it involves Americans of color and the developing world—is a reflection of elitist values, a rationale that undermines the industry’s own claims of objectivity and fairness. Defenders of simplistic news media reporting, though, often remind the public of what the news media is not. The Fourth Estate is certainly neither liberal nor conservative, an accusation made all too often by the ill-informed American public. As New York University media critic and expert Jay Rosen once wrote “It’s very simple. The press isn’t on the side of the left or the right…vs. This is complicated!” Although tongue-in-cheek, embedded within Rosen’s quip was his own elitist assumption that the news media’s work is variegated and knotty, a mere reflection of the world at large, and not a reflection of its own elitist bubble. It is the elitist nature of today’s news media that has rendered press coverage as little more than breaking news bulletins for the American public. All while the real global divides at the intersections of race, economic inequality, gender, and immigration remain mostly sidelined. It remains all too easy for the news media to rely on tropes like heroes and villains and the civilized West versus the uncivilized developing world. A Brief History of My “Virginity” 01 Friday Sep 2017 Posted by decollins1969 in 1, Boy @ The Window, Christianity, culture, Eclectic, Jimme, Marriage, Mount Vernon New York, Pittsburgh, Pop Culture, race, Religion, University of Pittsburgh, Youth 425 South Sixth Avenue, 616, 616 East Lincoln Avenue, A.C. Green, Abuse, Black Masculinity, Boyz n the Hood (1991), Cuba Gooding Jr., Dating, Evangelical Christianity, Falsehoods, Feminism, HBO, Hypermasculinity, Insecure (2016- ), Molestation, Obaa Boni, Patriarchy, Pitt, Relationships, Sensuality, Sexism, Sexuality, Tré, Virginity, Womanism, Yvonne Orji Nigerian-American actor Yvonne Orji, who plays Molly on the HBO series Insecure (2016-), August 15, 2017. (http://www.sowetanlive.co.za/). Yvonne Orji, one of the lead actors from the HBO series Insecure, has revealed the fact that she is a thirty-three year-old virgin in recent weeks. But Orji has in fact spoken about her virginity several times over the past year, something I was surprised to learn (that she had spoken so much about it, not the fact of it). Some folks on social media have applauded Orji’s stance on her sexuality, while others like womanist Obaa Boni derided Orji’s adherence to her virginity as “patriarchal.” Screen shot of @obaa_boni tweets re: Yvonne Orji’s virginity, August 23, 2017. (Donald Earl Collins via http://twitter.com). Let me first say that there’s nothing wrong with virginity, celibacy, or promiscuity. So as long as it’s transparent, healthy, and done with a full understanding of why one has moved in a certain direction sexually. The problem is, people often do the wrong things for the right reasons and the wrong things for the wrong reasons. Especially in a world where gratuitous sensuality is everywhere, fake-sex-porn is ubiquitous, and social norms remain hostile and puritanical. This is especially so in the US, where the distance between healthy sexuality and where many Americans are with their sexuality is about the same as between a racism-less society and the virulent racism that is truly all-American. I was once Yvonne Orji, believing that maintaining my virginity kept me in a state of purity, if not in a physical sense, then certainly in a spiritual one. There were several reasons beyond “being pure in God’s eyes,” or saving myself for the right person, though, that I emphasized my virginity. Screen shot of Cuba Gooding, Jr. as Tré in Boyz n the Hood (1991). (http://mentalfloss.com). My top two reasons were practical ones. As the second of six kids growing up at 616 in Mount Vernon (my Mom remarried and had my younger brothers and sister between the time I was nine-and-a-half and fourteen-and-a-half years old), I didn’t want to become a father, especially a teenage father. Like Tré from Boyz n the Hood (1991), I didn’t want to be stereotypically Black and male, to make a baby when I had no means to take care of it, to impregnate another person when I wasn’t sure if I’d make it to thirty. Also, STDs scared the crap out of me, especially AIDS. I was smart enough even at fifteen to know that AIDS wasn’t a “gay disease,” that it could infect anyone, especially anyone without protection. But the fact was, I had lost pieces of my virginity long before I tried to find a state of purity. I had already been sexually molested before I hit my seventh birthday. Any number of teenage girls at 616 had attempted to come on to me before I had started my first day of high school. Heck, my father had hired a prostitute to get rid of my penetrative virginity the month of my seventeenth birthday! Beyond that, masturbation from the time I was thirteen, porn mags between birthdays seventeen and nineteen, the occasional date at Pitt, where kisses, petting, and touching was involved. I had pretty much lost my sexual virginity by the time I was nineteen, and yet I didn’t really know how to be me sexually at all. So when I finally did start hooking up with folks for purely sexual purposes, it was an emotionally messy dance, between religious guilt, occasional actual pleasure, and lots of frustration in between. It wasn’t until I was twenty-four where I felt fully comfortable with myself sexually, and even then, I had another decade of pseudo-evangelical, patriarchal, and puritanical bullshit to get over. Which is why I rarely gave anyone any advice about what to do or how to be on the sexual side of relationships before my mid-thirties, especially when asked. Have sex at fifteen with a partner of the same age whom cares about and respects you? Sounds fine. Stay celibate for ten years? Okay. Have fuck buddies for a couple of years? Sure! Remain a virgin like former NBA player A. C. Green until you turn thirty-eight? Whatevs! Former NBA Ironman A.C. Green, Time Warner Cable Media Upfront Event, “Summertime is Cable Time,” Hollywood, CA, May 3, 2011. (Toby Canham/Getty Images; http://zimbio.com). My Black masculinity shouldn’t have been defined by evangelical White Christian notions of virgin purity, any more than it should’ve been by how frequently I penetrated a woman. My relationship with God should’ve never been about some fucked up notion of sexual purity. It is way too easy to let Western culture screw each of us up, with the result that it will take way too many years to find our sexual equilibrium. For so many, that day of balance between sexual freedom and mature responsibility will never come. Just realize that being a virgin doesn’t make one special, and having a regular rotation of trusted sexual partners doesn’t make one a slut or a stud. As a culture, we are both obese and anorexic when it comes to sexuality and sexual activity. We imagine it too much, do it too little, and often do it incorrectly and for the wrong reasons. No wonder America is such an angry place, with so many believing in an angry God! The Painful Destruction of the Pedestal Posted by decollins1969 in 1, Boy @ The Window, culture, Eclectic, eclectic music, Mount Vernon New York, Politics, Pop Culture, race, University of Pittsburgh, Work, Youth Bee-Line Bus, Birthday, Crush #2, Damsel-in-Distress Syndrome, Delusion, Disillusionment, Nice Guy, Oscillating Relationships, Pedestal, Phyllis, Pitt, Self-Discovery, Self-Loathing, Sexism, Sony Walkman, The Untouchables (1987), White Plains Galleria, White Plains New York, Yiscoc Washington Demolition of the Kingdome as a GIF, Seattle, Washington, March 26, 2000. (USA Today). This week thirty years ago was the beginning of the end of my sexist dream of having women recognize me for being “a nice guy.” As I wrote in one of my very first blog posts a decade ago, it was a dream “that had to die.” Precisely because it was a fantasy, a phantasmic display of teenage delusion borne from five years of abuse and oppressive social immaturity. In ’80s parlance, my wack ass had to learn the hard way that I had no game. And, more importantly, that pedestals are meant for smashing with sledgehammers, as people can never live up to their marble or bronze busts. It wasn’t really women I was trying to impress with my quiet and stoic demeanor. I was all about my second infatuation, Crush #2, my version of Phyllis in the summer of 1987. I’ve outlined in painstaking detail here and in Boy @ The Window my obsession with Phyllis and her smile, and my ridiculously stupid attempts to make conversations with her in the three weeks of my various impromptu encounters at the old Galleria in White Plains and on the 40/41 Bee-Line Bus back to Mount Vernon. But “the end of the lesson,” or at least, the “end of the beginning” of it (to quote both Kevin Costner in The Untouchables (1987) — which I saw at The Galleria twice that summer — and Winston Churchill), began on my brother Yiscoc’s birthday on the fourth Thursday that July. I walked around for over an hour after I got off the bus at North Columbus and East Lincoln. I must’ve called myself “pathetic” at least a dozen times on that hot and steamy walk. And I was. I didn’t get home to wish Yiscoc a Happy Birthday until after 8 pm, by which time I missed any semblance of a birthday celebration at 616. Packing up and moving to Pittsburgh — and my freshman year at the University of Pittsburgh — seemed as far away that weekend as it did during my summer of abuse five years earlier. I was no longer sure that this transformational period of my life would actually bear fruit. I thought I was destined to spend the rest of my days alone, ridiculed, emasculated, and otherwise as a piece of trash. Toppling and destruction of Vladimir Lenin’s statue via sledge-hammer, Berdichev, Ukraine, February 22, 2014. (unknown). I was seventeen years and barely seven months old when I had those thoughts. I’ve been married for nearly that long, and have a son on the cusp of turning fourteen. There’s no way that Donald 1.0 could have envisioned either of these experiences, much less worked to make them happen. It wasn’t exactly a miracle that I became a boyfriend, fiancé, husband, and father. No, it was an evolution, with a couple of personal rebellions and revolutions mixed in. The one good thing I did after Phyllis took a wrecking ball to my delusions of feminine perfection was to talk about it with someone who was willing to listen. This time around, a young woman put up with me griping about something I never had, someone whom was never for me to begin with. As many times as I would go on to listen to women of all stripes about their relationship issues, I needed to be on the rueing end of things this one time. It would take a lot more talking, a bit more learning, and four more years befriending and dating, before I’d completely give up putting women on pedestals entirely. Women may be beautiful, and Black girls may be magic, but none are meant to be worshipped at altars. Like all other anthropomorphized idols, humans on pedestals will always fail us when we delude ourselves into thinking that we need them to be free. Especially when we need them the most, or at least, believe so. Americans, Frequently Polite, But Almost Never Nice Posted by decollins1969 in 1, Boy @ The Window, Carnegie Mellon University, Christianity, culture, Eclectic, Patriotism, Politics, Pop Culture, race, Religion, Youth 4th of July, American Culture, American Narcissism, American Politics, Callousness, Damsel-in-Distress, Economic Inequality, Empty Gestures, Joe Trotter, Military, Misogyny, Nice, Obligatory, Polite, Racism, Sexism, Social Justice Shaking Hands clipart, July 4, 2017. (http://hiveminer.com). On this July 4th, I want to challenge the idea that Americans consider themselves a good-natured, warm-hearted, giving people. Or a wonderfully nice people, in other words. This, like so many other accepted clichés about American society, is nearly complete bullshit. Sure, many Americans are polite, or at least try to be. My former dissertation advisor Joe Trotter was very polite. Many of his colleagues and students said as much. But, as my couple dozen blog posts about Trotter can attest, he was hardly a nice person, or warm-hearted, or giving, or caring. Heck, at times, especially in my final year as a student and PhD candidate, Trotter wasn’t even professional or polite. Polite is when a person doesn’t comment on one’s sudden fall into poverty or homelessness. Polite is holding open a door for someone loaded down with bags of groceries. Polite is an important person availing themselves to meeting with another important person for networking purposes. None of these things are nice, indicative of a good nature, a warm heart, or a giving person. Because, being polite is an obligation, and in American customs and laws, even obligatory. Four cars stopping at all four all-way stop signs at an intersection and going in the order of which one stopped the soonest is both polite and a traffic law. One may smile at another driver as one passes through the intersection, but this is a polite nicety, and not really a sign of a nice American at all. Here’s where the difference between American politeness and truly being nice hits a brick wall. Our culture, our politics, our religious beliefs, our proclaiming of every holiday as a celebration of military personnel allegedly “fighting for our freedom.” They reflect this obligatory American politeness. As a nation, Americans claim to want to do something about poverty, and want to wish away racism, sexism, and homophobia. Yet in how Americans vote and in the music Americans listen to, there is almost nothing nice about Americans in action. Nice, France is a city on the French Riviera (and not an American practice), September 21, 2011. (Tobi 87 via Wikipedia). Released to public domain via CC-SA-3.0. This is not just about 45 and the GOP majorities in Congress. In locale after locale, actions like acquitting police officers for murdering Black men and women, reducing the number of abortion clinics, and cutting taxes so the poor and homeless don’t have enough food, shows how un-nice the American people are. American un-niceness exists in the policies drawn up or enacted by those for whom millions voted, from repealing Obamacare to the Muslim Ban. These policies may reflect an American politeness, but they also reflect a cruelty that has all too often been a part of American culture. As someone who once considered himself “a nice guy,” I recognize that the correct term was always polite. For being “a nice guy” merely meant not revealing my true thoughts toward and about women, all while being polite enough to hold a door open or to try to help a damsel-in-distress. What I was being was a sexist asshole, having not yet challenged my assumptions about women and about myself and my views about women and the rampant sexism and misogyny in American culture. There are far too many Americans who think that their Christian politeness is so much more than obligatory and vapid gestures that mean little-to-nothing in reality. For this July 4th, the idea of honoring the military with absolutist statements about freedom as so automatic that it sickens me. Especially considering the number of active duty service people and veterans suffering from PTSD, addiction, or whom commit domestic violence. Americans don’t act nice around these ugly issues. Americans don’t volunteer, don’t call 911, and don’t pressure city councils, county commissioners, and state legislatures enough to deal with these issues holistically. It would be nice if more Americans did. Americans ought to ban being polite. Polite perpetuates racism and economic inequalities. But being nice means doing something about it, protesting, volunteering, speaking truth to power, using America’s alleged freedoms to confront folks in one’s life about their comfortability with various forms of oppression. How nice would that be! In·ter·sec·tion·al·i·ty Posted by decollins1969 in 1, Academia, Carnegie Mellon University, culture, Eclectic, New York City, Pittsburgh, Politics, Pop Culture, race, University of Pittsburgh, Youth Academic Conferences, Afrocentricity, bell hooks, CMU, Critical Race Theory, Diversity, Elsa Barkley Brown, Evelyn Brooks Higginbotham, Intersectionality, Kimberlè Crenshaw, Marginalization, Misogyny, Multiculturalism, OAH, Organization of American Historians, Patricia J. Williams, Paula Giddings, Pitt, Presidential Classroom, Racism, Sexism, Tera Hunter Kimberlè Crenshaw quote, from “Whose Story Is It Anyway?: Feminist and Anti-Racist Appropriations of Anita Hill,” in Toni Morrison’s Race-ing Justice, En-gendering Power, 1992, p. 403. (http://azquotes.com). In truth, I’ve considered the issue of intersectionality as a historian and writer since 1993, when I wrote my quantitative methods requirement-fulfilling paper, “The Dying of Black Women’s Children.” Except that, for me and for most of my colleagues, the term was barely in use. Matter of fact, in five and half years of graduate school and in my first three years after finishing the doctorate, I may have heard the term used only once or twice. It’s not like I didn’t think about the unique issues facing women of color — especially Black women — in the context of US history and African American history. Sometimes as a historian, how leading Black men and White women marginalized African American women in education movements, in the suffrage movement, and in the Civil Rights Movement was all I could think about. In the context of understanding American education and the role of Black women as teachers and education, it made me reconsider the notion of education as a form of social control versus it as a form of social liberation as an and-both, and not an either-or proposition. But, as with all other issues, I’m not perfect. I remember getting into an argument with an African American women at a joint Carnegie Mellon-University of Pittsburgh conference on diversity in 1992. She was a second-year master’s student in the public policy program at CMU’s Heinz School (now Heinz College) to my second year as a grad student and first as a PhD student. I had talked about my initial research on multiculturalism and Black education, and what that research could mean in terms of diversity in higher education. Over lunch, I barely got three sentences out about the implications before this student pounced on me for not taking a more Afrocentric approach to my research, all but calling me an Uncle Tom. She also pointed out that while I had accounted for race and gender in my work, I hadn’t accounted for them together. I was already used to middle class Black folk who only radicalized at the ripe young age of twenty-two telling me that my research was too conservative and too White. But on the second part, not accounting enough for Black women in my research, I did take to heart. In 1999, at my “Black Brahmins” presentation on W. E. B. Du Bois, Carter G. Woodson, and Alain Locke and their ideas around multiculturalism and connections to Harvard at the Organization of American Historians conference in Toronto, I got a cold shoulder from the panel’s moderator, Stephanie Shaw. She barely said a word to me the entire time, and barely commented on my paper. I figured that Shaw thought I should’ve found a way to make the paper more inclusive of Black women graduates of Harvard and multiculturalism, even though Harvard didn’t allow any women to attend. I could’ve included Black women who attended Radcliffe College around the turn of the twentieth century, but even then, those women did not earn graduate degrees or become proponents of pluralism or what we’d call multiculturalism today. I followed up at OAH in Los Angeles in 2001 with my “Multicultural Sisters” paper, but by then, I no longer had an interest in multiculturalism as a historian. Times Square intersection time-lapse, August 2014. (http://shutterstock.com). On this day and date in 2000, though, was the argument I had with a colleague at Presidential Classroom, one that would keep me conscious about intersectionality and womanism from that point on. Sev had been brought on by my racist boss Jay Wickliff to help out with the international recruitment for the weekly civic education programs we had for high school juniors and seniors. Sev was Canadian, had been an intern with the program the summer before, and had recently finished up a master’s in history. She had stopped by my office to ask about some revisions I’d been making to parts of our upcoming summer programs, especially the one on media and democracy, which was a new program for Presidential Classroom. Somehow the conversation swung toward women’s rights and issues that Sev thought were important to women. I kept correcting her, saying that some of these issues were “only important to White women.” She took offense, telling me that I shouldn’t be correcting her, that her master’s made her as much an expert on the topic as me. I remember actually chuckling at that assertion, which miffed Sev even more. The common refrain, “Just because you have a PhD…,” was how she responded. But I did take a few minutes to break down the differences between second-wave and third-wave feminism (or womanism). I went on about the history of exclusion that Black women in particular had faced from Black men in civil rights movements and White women around suffrage and reproductive rights. I said, “maybe it’s because you’re Canadian, but here in the US, these issues you’re bringing up mostly concern middle class White women.” She didn’t like that at all. Before Sev responded, Wickliff, having overheard our argument, came by and said, “Slavery was a hoax” as a joke. That was the moment I knew my days working for this group of Whiteness folks were numbered. A few months later, in my new job at AED with New Voices, I picked up and read Kimberlè Crenshaw’s essay “Demarginalizing the Intersection of Race and Sex” (1989) for the first time. I knew that I already understood intersectionality for Black women, how misogyny, sexism, and racism constantly confer a double marginalization, discrimination, and violation on Black women. Now, between Crenshaw and my own experiences, I also realized that I could experience intersectionality as a Black man, between White men and White women. Especially middle class ones, where their well-meaning color-blind racism had served to put me in a box as well. It was an and-both box, where I was a historian who didn’t write about intersectionality enough and a professional who had also experienced race and gender-based marginalization, albeit differently from women or color. What I did learn, finally, was that the intersection of race, class, and gender made Times Square look like Walden Pond by comparison. Boy @ The Window: A Memoir Places to Buy/Download Boy @ The Window There's a few ways in which you can read excerpts of, borrow and/or purchase and download Boy @ The Window. There's the trade paperback edition of Boy @ The Window, available for purchase via Amazon.com at http://www.amazon.com/Boy-Window-Donald-Earl-Collins/dp/0989256138/ There's also a Kindle edition on Amazon.com. The enhanced edition can be read only with Kindle Fire, an iPad or a full-color tablet. The links to the enhanced edition through Apple's iBookstore and the Barnes & Noble NOOK edition are below. The link to the Amazon Kindle version is also immediately below: Boy @ The Window on Amazon.com: http://www.amazon.com/Boy-The-Window-Memoir-ebook/dp/B00CD95FBU/ Boy @ The Window on Apple's iBookstore: https://itunes.apple.com/us/book/boy-the-window/id643768275?ls=1 Boy @ The Window on Barnes & Noble: http://www.barnesandnoble.com/w/boy-the-window-donald-earl-collins/1115182183?ean=2940016741567 You can also add, read and review Boy @ The Window on Goodreads.com. Just click on the button below: @smarttechgirl Maybe it's time to take a vacation, too? 1 hour ago @moorehn Yes, they do! 1 hour ago RT @FeministaJones: We, women of color, often use SQUAD to describe our circles of friends. There's nothing wrong with it so relax and don'… 2 hours ago RT @mirajacob: Standing with her. https://t.co/jXLSsAkDxm 2 hours ago RT @KieseLaymon: All of y'all media folks with access to the president, please rhetorically treat that man and the folks who made that man… 2 hours ago Kimchi and Collard Greens Thinking Queerly: Schools, politics and culture Website for My First Book and Blog decollins1969 on The “Anti-American… Catherine Lugg on The “Anti-American… decollins1969 on Bronchitis 1999 NetworkedBlogs on Facebook My Life, Culture & Education, Politics & Goofyness 616 616 East Lincoln Avenue A.B. Davis Middle School Abuse Academia Academy for Educational Development Afrocentricity American Narcissism Authenticity Bigotry Blackness Boy @ The Window Carnegie Mellon University Child Abuse Class of 1987 CMU Coping Strategies Crush #1 Crush #2 Death Disillusionment Diversity Domestic Violence Economic Inequality Education Family Friendship Friendships Graduate School Hebrew-Israelites High-Stakes Testing Higher Education History Homelessness Humanities Humanities Program Hypocrisy Institutional Racism Internalized Racism Jealousy Joe Trotter Joe William Trotter Jr. K-12 Education Love Manhood Maurice Eugene Washington Maurice Washington Misogyny Mother-Son Relationship Mount Vernon High School Mount Vernon New York Mount Vernon public schools Multiculturalism MVHS Narcissism NFL Pitt Pittsburgh Politics of Education Poverty President Barack Obama Race Racial Stereotypes Racism Relationships Self-Awareness Self-Discovery Self-Reflection Sexism Social Justice Teaching and Learning University of Pittsburgh Violence Whiteness Writing	cc/2019-30/en_head_0021.json.gz/line12520
__label__cc	0.523254	0.476746	What is Underwater Archaeology? Underwater, marine, maritime, or nautical archaeology is simply archaeology done under the water. Shipwrecks are the most common type of site studied, but harbor and dock remains, fishing structures, and flooded land sites also may be investigated. Where terrestrial (land) archaeologists use trucks to get to their sites, underwater archaeologists use scuba gear. Together with cultural and physical anthropology and linguistics, archaeology - both on land and underwater - is a subfield of the science of anthropology, the study of humankind. Basically, the tools, techniques, and products are the same no matter where one works, although different environments may require adaptations to the task at hand. But the goals are the same: understanding our past. Thanks to the longest coastline in the continental United States and hundreds of lakes, springs, and rivers, Florida has many wet sites and opportunities to study the past under water. Why is Underwater Archaeology Important? Archaeology is the closest thing we have to a time machine. It is the only way we can know the unrecorded, and sometimes even the recorded, past. History may be written by the victorious, but archaeology is about the common people. Florida has archaeological sites ranging in age from thousands-of-years-old prehistoric habitations, to colonial Spanish shipwrecks, to World War II military bases. Most people, however, think of shipwrecks when they think of underwater archaeology. Shipwrecks are the records of "moments in time" and often contain much information about people and life onboard. Shipwrecks, however, are non-renewable resources. They are time capsules of history and once they are disturbed or destroyed they are gone forever. Even the careful scientific methods of archaeology are controlled destruction. Coral reefs and manatees will grow back (although without our protection and concern, we may lose them before they have a chance to regenerate). Shipwrecks will never grow back. New wrecks may be made, but there will never be another wrecked Spanish galleon or sunken Civil War gunboat. The study of these "microcosms" of history is vital to our understanding of the people who used Florida's waters before us. But why should we even try to understand the past? The 19th-century Spanish philosopher Santayana said it best when he said, "Those who refuse to learn from the mistakes of history are doomed to repeat them." The goal of Florida's Bureau of Archaeological Research is the preservation of Florida's cultural resources for the benefit of ourselves and coming generations. All of us who spend time under water know that it is a fragile and changing environment. We share not only a fascination for the underwater world, but also common concerns and responsibilities for its welfare in the future. As we learn more about its hidden secrets, we begin to understand how easily they can be lost forever. Who Manages Florida's Underwater Archaeological Sites? Florida's Department of State, Office of Cultural, Historical and Information Programs includes the Bureau of Archaeological Research which employs a State Underwater Archaeologist and several assistants. Personnel from this office routinely work with the public, the sport diving community, universities, colleges, and museums to examine and interpret underwater sites. Working with groups of volunteer divers, they have conducted surveys and excavations on both prehistoric and historic sites located offshore and in rivers and sinkholes - from submerged Native American middens (garbage dumps) and habitation sites to the remains of sunken steamboats and schooners. Since Florida has one of the longest continuous coastlines in the country, not to mention its river and cavern systems, the range of underwater archaeological sites is broad and covers thousands of years. Since the advent of scuba diving in the 1950s, many sites have been discovered by sport divers and amateur archaeologists; but there are hundreds more about which we know very little. The State Underwater Archaeologist and the Underwater Archaeology Team are employed to help you protect and learn more about Florida's underwater cultural resources. Staff are always available to answer questions, send out informational packets, and tell you how you can become more involved in helping them record and research your State's history. Please contact them at the following address: Bureau of Archaeological Research B. Calvin Jones Center for Archaeology 1001 de Soto Park Drive Underwater Preserves Florida Underwater Archaeology Bibliography Florida Panhandle Shipwreck Trail Offering memorable recreation options for saltwater enthusiasts, the Florida Panhandle Shipwreck Trail highlights 12 shipwrecks boasting artificial reefs and varieties of sea life for diving, snorkeling and fishing along Pensacola, Destin, Panama City and Port St. Joe, Florida. Visit FloridaPanhandleDiveTrail.com for more information. 1733 Spanish Galleon Trail In July of 1733, many or all of the 22 ships that were part of a Spanish Plate Fleet commanded by Lieutenant-General Rodrigo de Torres wrecked along the Florida Keys. Today, many of the shipwrecks have been identified and may be visited. Learn more about the 1733 Spanish Plate Fleet here.	cc/2019-30/en_head_0021.json.gz/line12522
__label__cc	0.649728	0.350272	Historic Case Studies On How Organizations Have Used EchoMail® American Red Cross of Central New Jersey Why American Red Cross of Central New Jersey Selected EchoMail American Red Cross of Central New Jersey and EchoMail Partnership: The American Red Cross of Central New Jersey serves a population of 1.2 million throughout Mercer, Middlesex, Hunterdon and parts of Somerset counties. Each year the chapter provides hundreds of disaster victims with food, clothing, shelter and emotional support; trains thousands of individuals in lifesaving CPR and AED usage; provides thousands of daily meals to the elderly and homebound; and holds more than 300 area blood drives as well as offers an on-site blood donor center open to the public. The chapter has a volunteer base of more than 2,300 community residents and youth. Company Overview: AT&T Corp. (“AT&T”) is the world’s premier voice and data communications company, serving more than 80 million customers, including consumers, businesses and government. AT&T’s revenues are over $50 billion and they employ approximately 109,000 people. AT&T provides services to virtually every country and territory around the world. Botanical Laboratories Company Background: Botanical Laboratories, Inc. is the country’s premium manufacturer of natural remedies, homeopathic formulations and nutritional supplements. Founded in 1988 in Washington State, the company is driven by a deep philosophical commitment to the science behind homeopathy and natural healing without side effects. It believes in constant research and innovation and combines modern science and manufacturing technology with natural botanical ingredients to deliver the best quality nature remedies. Its products are marketed under popular brands such as Symtec, ZAND, BioAllers, Herbs & Kids and Natrabio. Carpenter Technology Targeting Niche Market Company Background: Carpenter Technologies corporation is a leading, international manufacturer of specialty alloys and engineered products that find application in a wide array of industries such as automobiles and air-craft to sporting goods, medical devices and oil and gas exploration. Its engineered products are known for their dependability, strength, toughness, corrosion resistance and capacity to withstand high temperatures. In recent times the company has increased its product range and extended its geographical presence to Asia, Europe and Mexico. A majority of the alloys that Carpenter sells are tailor made and user specific and this has made it imperative for it to sell its products through its own sales network and not through external agencies. Company Background: “Chicago Special Events Management Company“ (CSEM) is the largest event management company in the mid-west. Incepted in 1988 it produces an average 100 events per year and offers its expertise as a consultant to other event management companies in the region. It was started to meet the need for a professional event management company capable of production and promotion of special events primarily for the not-for-profit and corporate sectors. It is perhaps the only company that handles the entire range of event management related activity from on-site logistics to PR, marketing, media coverage, talent outsourcing and financial consulting. CSEM produces cause related, competition oriented, talent expositions and corporate conventions. The Christian Science Monitor was looking for an Email management company that would help us reach our large base of worldwide online subscribers effectively, economically and in a targeted manner. Because we’re a daily news organization and we send several email campaigns daily, we were looking for a simple, powerful tool that could be easily operated by our team. After weighing the options, we chose EchoMail because it offered us the “Application Program Interface (API)”, a feature that was developed specifically for the publishing industry. Company Overview: Days Inn, one of the hotel franchise chains of Cendant, has nearly 2,000 locations worldwide with over 6 million rooms booked annually. Days Inn services more than 66 million business and leisure travelers each year. Days Inn targets primarily to the economy and business class markets with hotels across North and South America, Europe, Asia and Africa. Days Inn has the highest market share of any hotel chain E.W.Scripps Record Reach of Consolidated Audience Company Overview E.W Scripps is among the nation’s oldest and largest Media houses. It has been a pioneer, path breaker and trendsetter in the News publishing industry with an interesting history spanning more than a century and a quarter. Founded in 1878 in Cleveland, Scripps has grown to become the 9th largest newspaper in the country with a presence spread over diverse geographical locations comprising the rocky mountains of Colorado to Sunny California. Equity Residential Real Estate Marketing through Email Company Overview: Equity Residential is the largest publicly traded owner, operator and developer of multifamily housing in the country. It is a key player in the area of apartment rentals and offers perhaps the largest choice of apartments across budget, location and style. It lays a high emphasis on quality, fully conscious of its role in fulfilling one of the very basic needs of a family, which is providing a home. The company engages itself constantly in acquisitions, divestitures and development activities in multiple markets in order to provide a wide choice of houses to its customers. Company Overview: FLW Outdoors, the world’s leading marketer of competitive fishing, was incepted as Operation Bass back in 1979. Its founder Mike Whitaker wanted to provide an opportunity to bass anglers who could not take time off from work or travel long distances to participate in high-entry-fee tournaments. Irwin L. Jacobs acquired the company from Whitaker in 1996 and later renamed it as FLW after Forrest. L. Wood to honor the legendary founder of Ranger boats and pioneer of modern bass fishing. Today FLW Outdoors can be credited with making competitive fishing a high-power sport through extensive media exposure and involving sponsors like Wal-Mart and Chevy. Fortune500 Corporation Call Me Now in 15 minutes with EchoMail® Company Overview: One of the largest insurance companies in US operates through several thousand agents. The auto and homeowner’s insurance accounts for majority of the business, but the company also sell property, casualty and life insurance products worldwide. The company operates through several subsidiaries. Before EchoMail: In 1996, the company’s marketing team was under pressure to prove the value of the corporate web site. The management team saw no direct evidence that the web site was generating leads or sales, or retaining current customers. Company Overview Gateway, Inc. (“Gateway”) is a Fortune 200 company with sales revenue over $5 billion, providing complete computing solutions for clients throughout the world. The company employs mov, so they need to know what you want. With EchoMail®, Gateway talks in real-time to their most valuable assets–their customers Company Overview: Hershey Foods, known throughout the world for their chocolate products, was founded by Milton Hershey in 1894. Now a market leader in the US candy business, with annual sales of $4,221.0 million in 2000, Hershey distributes to over 2 million retail outlets in North America and exports to over 90 countries. Hershey’s makes well-known brands as Hershey’s Kisses, Reese’s Peanut Butter Cups, Pay Day, Whoppers, and Jolly Rancher, York Peppermint Patties, Almond Joy and Mounds. Homegrown Naturals Company Overview: What happens when three like-minded companies with a strong commitment to nature food, good health and a respect for mother earth synergise their beliefs and efforts; a strong company with conviction to the common cause with a wide array of natural foods reflecting their specific areas of expertise is formed. “Homegrown Naturals” was born when “Annie’s Homegrown”, “Annie’s Naturals”, “Fantastic Foods” and “Consorzio” decided to join hands to leverage the huge demand for natural and organic food with a wider product offering. Hospitality Marketing Concepts Making Business Travel a Pleasure Company Overview: Hospitality Marketing Concepts (HMC) has been a provider of premium hospitality, travel and entertainment services to discerning business travelers worldwide for more than two decades. Serving some of the finest hotels and resorts, HMC delivers the dual benefit of cost effective communication to clients and a one-stop shop catering to the needs of busy business travelers. HMC combines knowledge and experience to innovate one of a kind “members only” packages for business travelers, often offering discounts of up to 50%. Art of Communication Company Overview: Kmart Corporation, a near-$40 billion company, serves America with more than 2,100 Kmart and Kmart supercenter retail outlets. Kmart is the #2 discount retailer in the US that sells name-brand and private-label general merchandise (including its popular Martha Stewart Everyday label and Route 66 clothing). Kmart has stores in all 50 states, Puerto Rico, the US Virgin Islands, and Guam. Company Overview: latimes.com is one of the leading sources for national and international news and information on the World Wide Web, and the primary source of news and information for and about Southern California. latimes.com has more than 50,000 content pages and the site is continuously updated throughout the day, making it one of the most comprehensive news sites on the World Wide Web. Every day more than 3,000 stories are uploaded to provide readers with all of the day’s news. In addition, users have access to a million stories from past issues of The Los Angeles Times available in the latimes.com archives dating back to 1985. McDaniel Executive Recruiters EchoMail Becomes Information Engine for Nation’s Major Placement Agency Company Overview: McDaniel Executive Recruiters (M.E.R.) is a highly specialized executive search firm dedicated to the Direct Marketing, CRM, BPO and call center industry. It is headquartered at Winnipeg, Canada, with additional offices at Arizona and Oregon and has strong experience in the NA, Europe and Asia markets. The company places personnel at all levels in the sales, marketing, operations, general management and HR positions and is often called upon by its clients to share its expertise and knowledge in conducting surveys in the BPO/Call Center industry Metavante Corporation Marketing Financial Solutions through Email Company Overview: Metavante is among the oldest and leading providers of technology to the financial services industry. It is headquartered in Wisconsin, Milwaukee and is wholly owned by the Marshall & Isley Corporation. It prides in being a constantly growing and evolving company offering state of the Art technology that helps its clients to manage and deliver the transactions of values necessary to compete, retain and grow in today’s marketplace. It also offers value added products that go beyond the definition of financial services. These include prepaid debit cards, flexible spending cards, healthcare eligibility and payment cards and a complete electronic presentment and payment product suite that includes a document composition offering. Money Media Company Overview: Money Media is a world-class publisher located at New York. Its newsletters are considered an authentic news source and guide to money management and corporate governance by key senior managers in their respective fields. Its niche publications provide critical information on topics ranging from asset / fund management, boardroom news, corporate governance and performance analysis. Money Media’s well-researched and impartial articles give it a high degree of credibility among decision/policy makers. Nation’s Largest Direct Marketer of Auto Insurance EchoMail E-Billing Makes Cents Company Overview: The Nation’s largest direct marketer of Auto Insurance still has auto coverage as the backbone of its business. With operations spread over 48 states it offers insurance cover to government and non-government employees, with offerings that include house owners, boat and motorcycle insurance. It has a worldwide presence with offices in 218 countries in Asia and Europe. Reaching Pet Lovers Company Overview: Nestle Purina is the world’s largest pet food company with 26 manufacturing facilities spread over South America, Europe and Asia. It operates 13 units in the US, which is its home and biggest market. It came into being when an enterprising fresher from the Washington University William H. Danforth sensed a business opportunity in the increasing need for horse and mule feed necessitated by a dramatic increase in their numbers, it was a time of large scale westward growth and horses and mules were the main forms of transport and freight movement. Danforth joined hands with church mates George Robinson and William Andrews to start a business in horse and mule feed, they made a joint investment of $ 12,000 and the William Danforth commission company was formed. New Boston Fund Relationship Marketing Through Email Company Overview: New Boston Fund is a professionally managed real estate and fund management company, specializing in property acquisitions, dispositions, asset management, portfolio management, research, finance and client relations. It operates through a team of qualified and highly experienced professionals and offers its expert services to its clients directly and through its subsidiaries and strategic partnerships. It is among the nation’s fastest growing and most respected companies in this segment and has carved a niche for itself through its consistent delivery of risk adjusted rates of return to its investors. Its activities are concentrated mainly in the eastern seaboard and throughout the mid-western region. Reflecting Fashion Company Overview: Newport News is an exclusive women’s fashion boutique that believes in bridging the gap between price and high fashion in women’s wear with its range of reasonably priced garments, apparels and accessories. Newport’s specialists observe the fashion scene across the US and the fashion capitals of London and Paris by visiting exhibitions, trade fairs and street fashions shows. The latest trends and styles exhibited at these points inspire it’s designers based at New York to come out with the best in global fashion. In keeping with its dedication to delivering consistent quality along with the latest fashion Newport has standardized its fabric and fit and has also set up its own fabric research and development department. National Public Radio (NPR) Broadcasting Through Email Company Overview: NPR (National Public Radio) is the world’s first non-commercial satellite delivered radio network, it is an internationally acclaimed producer and distributor of non-commercial news, talk and entertainment programming. NPR is a privately supported not- for- profit membership organization. Interestingly NPR is not a radio station by itself nor does it own a radio station but it supports 760 independently operated, non-commercial public radio stations Spread all over the 50 states of the country through satellite. These stations combine NPR’s offerings with local programming to make it more interesting to local listeners. P&G Tremor Inbound Email Analysis and Reporting Company Overview: P&G Tremor is the market research/influence arm of Cincinnati based packaged goods giant The Procter & Gamble Company. It specializes in spreading awareness on products and services to the teens and getting feedback from them. Tremor leverages the age-old word of mouth communication process by making it more effective and scalable by using proven techniques. It works through its member network, chosen from the more vocal and dynamic members of the local teen community. These members act as the bridge between Tremor’s clients and the local teen community, they help in creating awareness on the client’s brands and eliciting customer feedback. Prajnopaya Improving Quality of Life using EchoMail Company Overview: Prajnopaya Foundation is a social service organization with a difference, founded by venerable Tenzin Priyadarshi a visiting scholar at MIT, Cambridge and a majority of its members come from the student community at the Institute. Prajnopaya is committed to enhancing the quality of life of humanity at large by bringing about qualitative changes in attitude and behavior of the individual. The foundation is engaged in social work in the most impoverished and backward areas of the world by way of relief operations during natural calamities and regular social service to the weaker sections of society. Sands Anderson Marks & Miller EchoMail Personalizes Legal Service for Virginia Law Firm Company Overview: Sands Anderson, which began, as a small Richmond office around 1850, is one of Virginia’s largest law firms today with over 75 attorneys and five offices. Headquartered in Richmond, the firm’s regional offices are located in Blacksburg, Fredericksburg and McLean, Virginia, and Research Triangle, North Carolina. Grounded on a philosophy and commitment to excellence, integrity and reliability, it partners with clients to respond to their immediate needs and anticipates future opportunities and obstacles.	cc/2019-30/en_head_0021.json.gz/line12527
__label__wiki	0.952747	0.952747	Sabres hire ex-Oilers head coach Ralph Krueger Associated PressMore from Associated Press Updated: May 15, 2019 12:40 PM MDT SUMMER SHUTDOWN: Neighbours Wayne Gretzky's and The Second City replaced by new condo development TRAIKOS: Francis has 'blank canvas' with new Seattle franchise A little roster juggling could do the Winnipeg Jets a lot of good next season Rangers, Phillip Di Giuseppe agree to contract In this Sept. 28, 2016, file photo, Europe coach Ralph Krueger speaks during a news conference at the World Cup of Hockey in Toronto. (Nathan Denette/The Canadian Press via AP, File) Ralph Krueger bar-hopped around Buffalo, watching a period of NHL playoff hockey at each spot and talking to Sabres fans along the way. He had already decided to return to the NHL, and the experience solidified that he wanted to make that comeback as Buffalo’s coach. Krueger changed his mind on coaching again just in time to give the Sabres the experience they desire behind the bench. “I could just feel the coaching magnet calling me back,” Krueger said Wednesday after being named Sabres coach. “I stayed very close to the game. All the relationships I built over the years are warm. I’ve been in contact with multiple head coaches over these last years. It’s always been my startup site, NHL.com. Watching games and observing the way the league is operating has always been important to me.” Krueger spent the past five years as chairman of English Premier League soccer club Southampton FC, a different kind of experience he hopes to draw from for his latest challenge. The project-oriented Manitoba native, who played and coached hockey in Europe, talked to Sabres general manager Jason Botterill two summers ago but wasn’t going to leave Southampton until his job there was completed. With that now in his rearview mirror, Krueger returns to the NHL, where he coached the Edmonton Oilers in 2013 and spent two seasons as an assistant with them before that. Despite being fired via Skype after just one lockout-shortened season, Krueger said he harbours no hard feelings toward the Oilers but believes this is much more of a win-now situation compared to a full-scale rebuild he dealt with in Edmonton. “This group is ready to become a contender and to compete with anybody on any given night,” Krueger said. “I’m confident that we can become that kind of a team quite quickly.” Krueger only has 48 games of NHL head-coaching experience, but Botterill said the team’s brass put a lot of stock into international experience. Krueger coached Switzerland’s national team to Olympic appearances in 2002, 2006 and 2010, took Team Europe on a surprising run at the 2016 World Cup of Hockey, was part of several world championships and served as a consultant under Mike Babcock when Canada won Olympic gold in 2014. “Those are high-pressure situations where you have to make adjustments, you have to make quick decisions and he got results in those situations,” Botterill said at a news conference in Buffalo. “That was impressive from our standpoint.” Babcock, coach of the Toronto Maple Leafs, isn’t thrilled Krueger is now coaching just across the border but is glad to have his longtime friend back in the NHL. “He’s going to make their group better, so real good hire by them,” Babcock told The AP by phone. “He’s a good man, a real good brain, real good thinker, good communicator and he’s been a good coach.” It helped his case that Krueger spent time as a Carolina Hurricanes consultant while coaching overseas and spent three total seasons as a coach at the NHL level. Botterill had been vocal about wanting an experienced head coach after firing Phil Housley , who was in his first such job, but said the Sabres looked at up-and-comers as well as veterans. That pursuit led to Krueger, who’s well-respected in hockey circles for his knowledge of the sport and ability to be a tactician and a good players’ coach. During his introductory conference call, Krueger answered several questions about changing the Sabres’ culture, but his makeup leads colleagues to believe that won’t be an issue. “He’s had great experience, and every experience whether it’s good or bad you grow from,” Babcock said. “He’s been around enough that he knows how to handle people so he won’t have any trouble that way.” Krueger, who’s currently in Europe, expects to meet Sabres captain Jack Eichel and forward Sam Reinhart next week at the world championships in Slovakia to begin building a rapport with them. “Ralph is a great communicator and has a history of being a strong leader,” Botterill said. “His past has shown that he has a great ability to interact with players and get the most out of a group.” Krueger hasn’t been in the NHL since 2013, but coaching Team Europe to the final at the World Cup almost three years ago reminded him of his love for the job. In recent interviews, Krueger indicated he was more interested in a management position in the NHL — except when he thought back to the World Cup, he remembered coaching is his real love. “My kids have been telling me ever since that that’s the happiest I’ve looked in the last six years,” Krueger said. “That definitely confirmed that in my heart of hearts I’m a coach.”	cc/2019-30/en_head_0021.json.gz/line12528
__label__cc	0.747007	0.252993	October 27, 2017 / Eggwhite / 0 Comments I started writing this blog post over a week ago, but it stalled as I was hitting a bit of a mental wall with it. But then I saw this tweet, which summed it up nicely. Just because people do things badly doesn’t make the thing bad. OKRs Design Sprints insert thing here. Some people resist complexity. — christina (@cwodtke) October 24, 2017 Just add “Delight” or “Delighters” to the bottom of that list. I’ve been feeling a lot of backlash from the UX world against them, which isn’t vastly surprising given the amount of complete hogwash which has been vomited forth about them. But it does bug me. It’s another example of people who don’t really understand domain-specific terminology latching onto it, unwittingly abusing it… and then the “experts” deciding to blame the terminology and models instead of stepping back and thinking “how can we help people grok this better?” The Kano Model is at the core of this terminology, but Maslow’s Hierarchy of Needs is a handy reference too. The Kano Model The Kano Model, Showing Change over Time. Image By Craigwbrown (Own work) CC BY-SA 3.0, via Wikimedia Commons But Dr. Noriaki Kano didn’t use the word “Delighter” originally, as far as I can tell. The paper it’s all based on [Kano, N., Seraku, N., Takahashi, F., and Tsuji, S. 1984. “Attractive quality and must-be quality,” Journal of the Japanese Society for Quality Control (14:2), pp 147-156] uses “Attractive Quality”, and is mostly focussed on the following: Attractive qualities give a satisfaction boost if they’re present, but their absence doesn’t cost anything. Performance qualities give a satisfaction boost if strong but have a satisfaction cost if they’re weak. Must-have qualities lower satisfaction if they’re not present, but their presence doesn’t give a boost. Features move down that list over time. Attractive qualities gradually become performance qualities and then must-have qualities as they become more common and more people just expect them to be there. I think the words “Delight” and “Delighter” were brought in later as a way to clarify what is meant by an attractive feature, but I could be wrong about that. I’ve been unable to actually get hold of the original article to check – so apologies to Dr Kano if that’s incorrect. Before its use in UX land, I understand that the word “delight” in this context came from the hospitality business. It came from the idea that just doing what was expected wasn’t enough to stand out. Nor was doing all the typical “we’re a classy hotel” optional extra things because all the other classy hotels did them too. You had to do everything which was expected by default, then do everything which might be considered as optional and then do something extra – something above and beyond. The “bit more” on its own doesn’t cut it. You’ve still got to do all the stuff before it. If you haven’t covered off the baseline stuff, it’s wasted effort and adds insult rather than delight. It’s like building a ladder with only a top rung: of course it’s useless. It shows a fundamental misunderstanding of both the goal and the Kano Model. But that ladder is exactly what I keep seeing built, and then I hear complaints that blame the Kano Model and its delighters for it. A fair number of people just saw the words “delighter” or “delight” and latched onto it, focusing on trying to create delight to the exclusion of all else. Because that always ends well. The problem is that if all you have are delighters or attractive qualities, you’re in a situation where you have none of the other stuff. I can assure you, whatever your designing, there will be some of the must-have qualities you are missing. Think about the pyramid view of Maslow’s Hierarchy of Needs (with or without the popular additional “wifi” layer – this works either way). This is a somewhat related idea. That hierarchy works on the basis that the lower down needs must be satisfied before the higher up needs become meaningful, stable or sustainable. Maslow’s idea was that the lower layers must be fully met before the higher layers can be achieved – without them, the pyramid collapses. Origin unknown – I found it here: https://www.pinterest.co.uk/pin/552253973027755278/?lp=true That idea is baked-in with the Kano Model too. The satisfaction gained from one or two delighters or attractive qualities being present will be massively undermined by the absence of all of the must-have qualities and performance qualities. Fancy wine with a personalised label and a box of chocolates might be a nice touch in your hotel room, but if the room is covered in faeces and crawling with cockroaches then it isn’t going to make your stay delightful. It’s going to be insulting. It’s only a delighter when placed in the context of everything else that might be considered having also been done! Without that context, it’s just an inadequate attempt at a bribe. But what really gets my goat… It’s not really that exclusive focus on delight that annoys me, although it certainly doesn’t help. That’s just the problem of a buzzword-heavy discipline which, on a superficial level, looks like an easy way to make a buck. The UX industry will always attract people who’ll exploit the gullible by throwing buzzwords at them in exchange for money. They bug me, but what bugs me more is the misguided backlash from the people in the industry who should know better. The backlash against the models and techniques that are being abused and misapplied, whose names are being taken in vain. I’m starting to see and hear UXers in positions of authority denigrating the Kano Model for being focused on the frivolous idea of “delight” to the exclusion of all else. I don’t like it when people who don’t know the origins or meaning of domain-specific terminology muddle it with casual language. It leads to a watering-down of ideas. But I understand it and understand why it happens. You fix it by explaining and sharing understanding. At a minimum, you just suck it up and cater for the terminology difference by using the appropriate terms for each audience. But the backlash against the model itself because people don’t bother to properly understand it? Nope. Let’s just stop doing that, please. Let things be things The Kano Model is a model. It’s a simplified abstraction. It’s a useful model, but that’s all it is. While it’s useful, it’s not a world-encompassing ideology. It’s a tool. I strongly suspect it didn’t come around to your house and force it’s filthy delighters into your face, shouting “DELIGHT! DELIGHT!”. People who didn’t know better did that bit (not literally, I hope). We can train most of those people out of abusing the models and terminology. We might even end up with more good designers as a result. But if we blame the models and terminology and steer people away from using them instead of understanding and explaining them better, we might as well give up and all go home. Let’s not do that. Let’s just learn, use and teach our tools better. Design, Professional, UX DelightDelighterKano modelMaslowux	cc/2019-30/en_head_0021.json.gz/line12530
__label__wiki	0.507756	0.507756	‘Uptown Funk’ has taken us by storm (This article originally appeared on the Texas Baptists web site.) Millions upon millions of Americans know the music and lyrics of the mega hit, “Uptown Funk” by Mark Ronson (featuring Bruno Mars). Billboard says “Uptown Funk” is still the No. 1 song. It is the quintessential pop song – a beat you can dance to, repetitive lyrics that get stuck in your head, and themes that connect with the young and young-at-heart. Listen to “Uptown Funk” here… “Uptown Funk,” however, is not just your ordinary pop song; it has expanded its reach. It is becoming iconic. Two Texas schoolteachers are part of the craze. In January, Dallas high school drama teacher Scot Pankey organized students into a presentation of their own video to the song. “I wanted to give them a project after the holidays that would get them excited and pumped out about learning,” Pankey told ABC News. As of this week, the video had more than 12 million views on YouTube. Watch Pankey’s video here… Now, another Dallas area teacher has joined the game. Kelli Hauser, aka “Lady Hauza,” is a sixth-grade reading teacher at McMath Middle School in Denton. Her video to the “Uptown Funk” music changes the lyrics to motivate kids regarding the required STAAR tests. It already has 426,000 views on YouTube. Watch Hauser’s video here… In case you’re not a big fan of pop culture, it might be good to understand how important it is. Rock star Jon Bon Jovi once said: “It’s unbelievable the power that music has; it’s unbelievable the reach that American pop culture has. It’s truly phenomenal. It bridges all kinds of cultures, language barriers; they don’t speak English but they get the concepts. They don’t believe the same things that you do, but it brings people together. You find that though someone may look different than you and have a different background than you, you have a lot of common thread.” Pop culture matters because it is, well, popular. It is the way a culture “talks” and the way other cultures listen. Now, we Christians have a challenge. The Apostle Paul famously said: Do not be conformed to this world, but be transformed by the renewing of your minds, so that you may discern what is the will of God — what is good and acceptable and perfect. (Romans 12:2, NRSV) Pop culture draws people into its vortex. I like “Uptown Funk” for the same reasons many others like it, but some of the lyrics bother my tender ears . It’s basically about being cool and showing off for others – not exactly classic virtues. Humility takes a beating. But it’s fun, and everyone loves to have a little fun. I hope I’m conveying the tension we Christians can feel. There are parts of pop culture that are consistent with godly living, such as the line in “Uptown Funk” that says, “Them good girls straight masterpieces.” But there also are parts of pop culture that abruptly conflict with godly living – most often seen in attitudes about sex. Christians face a double challenge – stay in the world enough to reach the world for Christ and be apart from the world enough to stand with God when many popular forces would pull us away. I end with Jesus’ prayer to the Father on behalf of His followers: Now I’m returning to you [Father].… I gave them [my followers] your word; The godless world hated them because of it, Because they didn’t join the world’s ways, Just as I didn’t join the world’s ways. I’m not asking that you take them out of the world But that you guard them from the Evil One. They are no more defined by the world Than I am defined by the world. Make them holy—consecrated—with the truth; Your word is consecrating truth. In the same way that you gave me a mission in the world, I give them a mission in the world. I’m consecrating myself for their sakes So they’ll be truth-consecrated in their mission. (John 17:13-19, The Message) April 2, 2015 April 4, 2015 · Posted in Culture · Tagged Bruno Mars, Mark Ronson, Uptown Funk · Violent tendencies Satan tempts us with kingdoms of this world	cc/2019-30/en_head_0021.json.gz/line12539
__label__wiki	0.879046	0.879046	Early Days of Space Exploration – Sputnik Telemetry from Sputnik I as it passed overhead WAV FILE Here’s some more info on Sputnik from my new friends at Sciencesy Sputnik 1 The first artificial satellite was launched October 4, 1957. And it wasn’t American.The Soviet made Sputnik, weighing about 183 lbs., took about 98 minutes to orbit the Earth on its elliptical path, 500 miles up. Traveling at 18,000 miles an hour, Sputnik would “beep, beep, beep” it’s telemetry as it passed over. WAV FILE Americans were mortified. This was scary stuff. People thought that the Russkies were going to be dropping bombs from the sky.And the news just got worse. A month later, the Soviets launched Sputnik II, which weighed 1100 pounds and carried a live dog, Laika. Americans scientists were scrambling to catch up. In December they launched Vanguard. Which went between 2 and 4 feet up and promptly burst into a ball of fire. Our satellite, which was the size of a grapefruit, was thrown clear which was as close to travel as it got. Laika, Soviet Space Dog Vanguard was such an embarrassment that people called it “Kaputnik.” In Washington, Dr. John P. Hagen, chief of Project Vanguard, said that the failure of the rocket was “undoubtedly a failure of some individual part” rather than one of design. Whoaky.From here on, we perk right up. Werner Von Braun and his rocket team successfully launch Explorer 1 on January 31, 1958. America is now a player in the “Space Race.” Explorer 1, a scientific satellite, used a rocket that had been developed to test guided missile components (also the same rocket later used as a IRBM placed in Turkey and aimed towards the Soviet Union). Explorer 1 carried an instrument package that provided evidence that the Earth is surrounded by intense bands of radiation, named the Van Allen radiation belts, after the James Van Allen, who designed Explorer’s instrumentation.	cc/2019-30/en_head_0021.json.gz/line12540
__label__cc	0.64185	0.35815	Emergence & Cognition – Archived What is emergence? Emergence or emergent complexity describes how relatively simple interactions among parts at one level of scale can generate a qualitatively more complex whole at a greater level of scale. Common examples involve how the interactions of subatomic particles give rise to atoms, how the interactions of atoms give rise to molecules, and how the interactions of molecules give rise to various forms of matter. Emergence often produces order where we would otherwise expect to find chaos. In this framework, emergent complexity is defined in terms of patterns of interaction, levels of scale, and systems of emergence. Patterns of Interactions Patterns refer to the high level organization of the various types of interactions. The most basic patterns of interaction involve individual units, units in relationship to other units, and the collective formed by all of the units and their relationships. Patterns are essentially about parts, wholes, and the dynamics among them. Although patterns can be simplified into these three primary elements, we have to be careful not to oversimplify them. There are entire taxonomies of various meronymic or part-whole relationships that demonstrate how the same whole can be decomposed into different types of parts. Relative to a whole pie, parts might refer to its individual slices; its crust, filling, and topping; or even the ingredients used when making it. In each of these cases, we can take away one part and the remainder will still be there. However, from an emergent systems perspective, we are referring to parts whose interactions cause the whole to come into being. For example, we could say that different types of molecules are parts of the pie. However, it is not possible to separate certain molecules from the rest without completely transforming the nature of the whole. There is the idea that “the whole is greater than the sum of its parts”, but emergence literally takes this idea to another level. With this framework, we are interested in levels that represent shifts in the scale of our perspective. Like the ability to zoom in or out with a microscope or a telescope, the concept of levels facilitates the discovery of different orders of magnitude for perceiving the world. In an emergent system, the individual units at one level emerge from the interacting units at the previous level. What we’re getting at here is the difference between affect and effect. Because an emergent whole is an effect of its parts, it exists at an inherently greater level of scale. Each level represents a distinct situational context which subsequently affords and constrains certain types of interaction. In this context, we begin to comprehend the relationships of qualitatively different worlds within worlds, each with their own unique physical or conceptual laws for defining the properties and behaviors of the phenomena therein. Systems of Emergence The concept of systems of emergence refers to an understanding of how what is relatively complex at one level at the same time is relatively simple at another level. And transversing these levels, each unit is simultaneously a whole emerging from the interactions of less complex parts and an interacting part from which a more complex whole emerges. Every observable phenomenon is both a part and whole, and is constantly involved in endless interactions which may be invisible to us because they are either at too small or big a scale for us to physically see or perhaps even mentally comprehend. What is cognition? From an emergent systems perspective, cognition refers to the processes by which we act, feel, and think in the world. It is essentially a question of how we process information at three cognitive levels of scale: information about the physical world (Perception), information about relationships in the world (Association), and information about the relationships among relationships (Conceptualization). This definition integrates key elements of embodied, situational, and symbolic approaches to cognition. To use any analogy, we are playing with the idea of cognition as a function of the body, heart, mind, and possibly even spirit. I use these terms playfully and as a creative frame of reference for further exploration of the primary themes of cognition as an emergent system for processing information. Cognition as a function of the body It is through the body that we are able to sense everything that is around and within us, from the warmth of the sun to the movements of our muscles. Perception, as a kind of body cognition, involves the processing by which we generate cognitive representations of information in the physical world. For example, looking at an apple produces our perception of the apple we see; this is how we know what the apple looks like. Cognition as a function of the heart If the first level is sensing, then the second level is feeling, a property typically attributed to the heart. The cardiovascular system also connects and supplies nutrients to every living cell in our bodies. Association, as a kind of heart cognition, involves the processing by which we generate cognitive representations of relationships among our perceptions. For example, based on our prior experience, the visual perception of an apple activates a network of other perceptions associated with apples; this is how we know what the apple probably feels, smells, and tastes like, as well as in what ways and contexts we are likely to encounter the apple. Cognition as a function of the mind Thinking follows feeling. Like the cardiovascular system, the nervous system connects to and communicates with cells throughout the body. Conception, as a kind of mind cognition, involves the processing by which we generate cognitive representations of relationships among our associations. For example, the visual perception of the apple activates the network of perceptions associated with apples, which includes the networks of any other perceptions that we have learned to simultaneously activate or process as an equivalent of the first; this is how we know that the apple is called “apple.” As a higher function of the mind, conscious thinking involves the processing by which we generate cognitive representations of our own cognitive processes. As we continuously process information from the world, we are always creating Perceptions, Associations, and Conceptions. When we are consciously aware of any of these cognitive representations as words, we internally hear the words in our minds, which produces an auditory perception of the words, which we then associate with other perceptions and conceptualize in the context of a network of perceptions; this is how we know what we are thinking. Cognition as a function of spirit Should we continue along this road, we might speculate about a state of being or awareness beyond thinking. This element of cognitive processing, as a kind of spirit cognition, could simply involve the processing of information without the cognitive representation of it, or at the least without language-based cognitive representation of it. We will not try to describe this process in detail here, but it would relate to the question of how we know without knowing that we know. What are emergent cognitive processes? How are we able to smell a certain scent, hear a certain sound, feel a certain shape, taste a certain flavor, and then perceive a cognitive representation of an apple? How are we able to learn to associate the cognitive representation of a physical apple with the cognitive representation of the sound “apple”? How are we able to hear a series of sounds or look at a series of markings signifying “This is an apple”, and then conceptualize a cognitive representation of shared meaning? What are the differences among knowing what a physical object is, knowing what other physical objects or conditions indirectly relate to it, knowing the word that directly relates to it, and knowing how the word relates to other words, objects, and conditions? These are questions about the cognitive processing of information. None are new questions, but we can try to understand them in new ways. According to the Princeton WordNetWeb, cognition is “the psychological result of perception and learning and reasoning.” But what we want is to understand the relationships among the processes of perceiving a sensation, learning a physical or mental behavior, and applying reason which generate this result. In many descriptions of cognition, the relationships among perception, learning and reasoning are mechanistic in nature: parts fit together to form wholes; processes involve ordered steps; perception is separate from reasoning. By applying PLS, we have an emergent systems framework for studying cause and effect relationships among perception, learning, reasoning and, ultimately, cognition: parts interact to generate wholes; processes involve dynamic changes over time; perception is integral to reasoning. From this perspective, reasoning is a function of learning, and learning is a function of perception. Similar to PLS, the Cognitive Patterns Levels and Systems (CPLS) framework uses patterns, levels, and systems to describe cognitive information processing as an emergent system. Patterns of Processing In the PLS framework, patterns describe parts, relationships, and wholes as the primary elements involved in any interaction. Applied to CPLS, patterns describe the processes of differentiating units of information, connecting differentiated units of information, and integrating the units of information and their connections. Levels of Processing In describing the dimension of scale, CPLS refers to processing information at the different levels or orders of magnitude. The first level involves processing patterns from our exteroceptive (external to the body) and interoceptive (internal to the body) sensory experiences of the world. The second level involves processing patterns from our situational experiences of when, where, how, and why things happen in the world. The third level involves processing patterns from our experiences of symbolic relationships among other patterns derived from the world. Systems of Processing Each level constitutes a unique cognitive system which processes and produces a distinct type of information. Perception is the processing of information from the immediate, physical world to produce perceptions as cognitive representations of sensory information; Association is the processing of perceptions to produce associations as cognitive representations of situational information; Conception is the processing of associations to produce conceptions as cognitive representations of symbolic information. What is conceptualization (Concrete)? What does information processing look like within this framework? To get a better idea, here are a few examples described in terms of systems (Perceptual, Associative, Conceptual) and patterns (Differentiation, Connection, Integration). These examples take us through the activation of representations of a cat as a perceived thing, “cat” as a label associated with a thing, and cat as an interpreted symbol. Processing an experience of a cat The first example involves subconscious processing of a real cat by someone who is familiar with cats but perhaps does not have a name for them. This process involves differentiating directly available sensory information of the cat as a subject, connecting it with available sensory information related to the subject, and integrating the activated information into a perceptual representation of the subject; then unifying the immediate perception, connecting it with other perceptions, and integrating the activated information into an associative representation of [cat] or cat-ness. Perceptual Differentiating: Sensory information of a subject (a cat) is differentiated from other information in the environment Connecting: The sensory information of the subject (a cat) is peripherally connected with and activates related sensory information available through immediate or previous experience with the subject Integrating: The network of activated information is integrated as a perceptual representation of the subject (a cat) Differentiating: The perception of the subject (a cat) is differentiated as a unit of information Connecting: The perception of the subject (a cat) is peripherally connected with and activates related perceptions available through immediate or previous experience with cats Integrating: The network of activated information is integrated into an associative representation of the subject [cat] Processing the sound “cat” The next example involves subconscious processing of the sound “cat” by someone who understands this as an indexical reference for [cat] (i.e., words as labels/indexes) but has not fully acquired functional language (i.e., words as parts of a symbol system). In this case, the perception of the sound “cat” is integrally connected with the perception of [cat], such that one directly activates the other. Both perceptions are also connected with and peripherally activate additional information to which they have become related via immediate and previous experience. The activated perceptions and their peripheral networks of connections are then integrated into an associative representation of [“cat”] = [cat]. Differentiating: Sensory information of the subject (the sound of “cat”) is differentiated from other information in the environment Connecting: The sensory information of the subject (the sound of “cat”) is peripherally connected with and activates related sensory information available through immediate and previous experience with the subject Integrating: The network of activated information is integrated as a perceptual representation of the subject (the sound of “cat”) Differentiating: The perception of the subject (the sound of “cat”) is differentiated as a unit of information Connecting: The perception of the subject (the sound of “cat”) is peripherally connected with and activates related perceptions available through immediate and previous experience of the subject, most directly with perceptions of cats which in turn activate an associative representation of [cat] Integrating: The network of activated information is integrated as an associative representation of [“cat”] as a indexical reference / label for [cat] Processing the word “cat” Building on the previous examples, processing “cat” as a word involves subconscious processing of the perceptions and associations related to [“cat”] and [cat]. For someone who has acquired language (i.e., words as parts of a symbol system), the association is differentiated as a functional unit at the conceptual level. The association of [“cat”], [cat], and the relational networks of both are processed into a conceptual representation of cat. Differentiating: Sensory information of the subject is differentiated from other information in the environment Connecting: The sensory information of the subject is peripherally connected with and activates related sensory information available through immediate and previous experience with the subject Integrating: The network of activated information is integrated as a perceptual representation of the subject Differentiating: The perception of the subject is differentiated as a unit of information Connecting: The perception of the subject is peripherally connected with and activates related information available through immediate and previous experience with the subject Differentiating: The association ([“cat”]=[cat]) is differentiated as a unit of information Connecting: The association ([“cat”]=[cat]) is peripherally connected with and activates related information available through immediate and previous experience with the association ([“cat”]=[cat]) Integrating: The network of activated information is integrated as a conceptual representation of the meaning of cat	cc/2019-30/en_head_0021.json.gz/line12543
__label__wiki	0.887714	0.887714	Downtown Charleston, SC Originally named Charles Towne, in honor of King Charles II, the city of Charleston was settled in 1670 by the English on the banks of the Ashley River in an area known as Albermarle Point. The city was moved to its present location on Oyster Point in 1680 and Charleston adopted its present name in 1783. Downtown Charleston overflows with picturesque history, old world charm and southern gentility. A peninsula bounded on the east by the Cooper River and on the west by the Ashley River, the historic areas of the city have been preserved like few cities in the U.S. A stroll down the cobblestone streets of the historic district will reveal luxury hotels, bed and breakfasts, charming inns, world class restaurants and unique shopping opportunities. Here you'll find Catfish Row, from Dubose Heyward's renowned novel and the famous opera, Porgy and Bess. The city has also played an important part in such movies as Gone with the Wind, North and South and The Patriot. A visit to historic downtown Charleston would not be complete without a memorable carriage ride through the city's quaint and narrow streets or a visit to one of the numerous historic house museums. If you walk the streets of Charleston, you'll follow the path of revolutionaries, patriots, pirates and planters. Come explore the city firsthand and learn the history and legends of one of the oldest, most well-preserved cities in America. The historic house museums include the Aiken-Rhett House, the Calhoun Mansion, the Edmondston-Alston House, the Thomas Elfe House, the Heyward-Washington House, the Joseph Manigault House and the Nathaniel Russell House. Downtown Charleston boasts a number of historical firsts including America's first free library in 1698... the first mutual fire insurance company in 1735... the first opera in American was performed in Charleston on February 18, 1735... the Charleston Chamber of Commerce, established in 1773, was the first city Chamber of Commerce in America... the Charleston Museum, America's first public museum, was organized on January 12, 1773... the first fireproof building was built in Charleston in 1822 and the College of Charleston, America's first municipal college, opened April 1, 1838. In 2011, Charleston was named #1 U.S. City by Conde Nast Traveler's Readers' Choice Awards and the #2 Best City in the U.S. and Canada by Travel + Leisure's World's Best Awards. Also in 2011, Bon Apetit magazine named Husk, located on Queen Street in Charleston, the Best New Restaurant in America. America's most-published etiquette expert, Marjabelle Young Stewart, recognized Charleston as the "best-mannered" city in the U.S., a claim leant credibility by the fact that it has the first established Livability Court in the country. In 2011, Travel and Leisure Magazine named Charleston "America's Sexiest City" as well as "America's Most Friendly." Subsequently, Southern Living Magazine named Charleston "the most polite and hospitable city in America." In 2012, Travel and Leisure voted Charleston as the second best-dressed city in America, only behind New York City. Downtown Charleston Market Update Choose a Video: Downtown Charleston Downtown Charleston Inside of Crosstown Downtown Charleston Outside of Charleston 53 Laurens Street Charleston, SC 29401 Listed by: Ann Ailstock 28 Charlotte Street Charleston, SC 29403 Listed by: Fred L. Willis III 60 Meeting Street Charleston, SC 29401 Listed by: Theresa Evans New ListingAdded Jul 18 16 Bedons Alley Charleston, SC 29401 Listed by: Beatty H. Martin 8/10 Ropemakers Lane Charleston, SC 29401 Listed by: Michele Costanzo 55 Radcliffe Street Charleston, SC 29403 Listed by: Jeffrey Popper 44 Hasell Street Charleston, SC 29401 8 Elliott Street Charleston, SC 29401 122 Rutledge Avenue Charleston, SC 29401 31 Savage Street Charleston, SC 29401 Listed by: Chris Facello 48 Barre Street Charleston, SC 29401 Listed by: Alicia Mendicino 28 Rutledge Avenue Charleston, SC 29401 Listed by: Robyn Jones Hall	cc/2019-30/en_head_0021.json.gz/line12544
__label__cc	0.602221	0.397779	Main Full Catastrophe Living Full Catastrophe Living Jon Kabat-Zinn, Thich Nhat Hanh The landmark work on mindfulness, meditation, and healing, now revised and updated after twenty-five years Stress. It can sap our energy, undermine our health if we let it, even shorten our lives. It makes us more vulnerable to anxiety and depression, disconnection and disease. Based on Jon Kabat-Zinn’s renowned mindfulness-based stress reduction program, this classic, groundbreaking work—which gave rise to a whole new field in medicine and psychology—shows you how to use medically proven mind-body approaches derived from meditation and yoga to counteract stress, establish greater balance of body and mind, and stimulate well-being and healing. By engaging in these mindfulness practices and integrating them into your life from moment to moment and from day to day, you can learn to manage chronic pain, promote optimal healing, reduce anxiety and feelings of panic, and improve the overall quality of your life, relationships, and social networks. This second edition features results from recent studies on the science of mindfulness, a new Introduction, up-to-date statistics, and an extensive updated reading list. Full Catastrophe Living is a book for the young and the old, the well and the ill, and anyone trying to live a healthier and saner life in our fast-paced world. Praise for Full Catastrophe Living “To say that this wise, deep book is helpful to those who face the challenges of human crisis would be a vast understatement. It is essential, unique, and, above all, fundamentally healing.”—Donald M. Berwick, M.D., president emeritus and senior fellow, Institute for Healthcare Improvement “One of the great classics of mind/body medicine.”—Rachel Naomi Remen, M.D., author of Kitchen Table Wisdom “A book for everyone . . . Jon Kabat-Zinn has done more than any other person on the planet to spread the power of mindfulness to the lives of ordinary people and major societal institutions.”—Richard J. Davidson, founder and chair, Center for Investigating Healthy Minds, University of Wisconsin–Madison “This is the ultimate owner’s manual for our lives. What a gift!”—Amy Gross, former editor in chief, O: The Oprah Magazine “I first read Full Catastrophe Living in my early twenties and it changed my life.”—Chade-Meng Tan, Jolly Good Fellow of Google and author of Search Inside Yourself “Jon Kabat-Zinn’s classic work on the practice of mindfulness to alleviate stress and human suffering stands the test of time, a most useful resource and practical guide. I recommend this new edition enthusiastically to doctors, patients, and anyone interested in learning to use the power of focused awareness to meet life’s challenges, whether great or small.”—Andrew Weil, M.D., author of Spontaneous Happiness and 8 Weeks to Optimum Health “How wonderful to have a new and updated version of this classic book that invited so many of us down a path that transformed our minds and awakened us to the beauty of each moment, day-by-day, through our lives. This second edition, building on the first, is sure to become a treasured sourcebook and traveling companion for new generations who seek the wisdom to live full and fulfilling lives.”—Diana Chapman Walsh, Ph.D., president emerita of Wellesley College Edition: Revised Upd Series: Revised Edition Download (epub, 3.75 MB)	cc/2019-30/en_head_0021.json.gz/line12546
__label__wiki	0.692875	0.692875	HomePosts tagged '1914' February Facts Finish Today. February 24, 2015 January 20, 2015 fasab Factoids, Unusual $300 million, 1914, 40 gallons a year, airplane accident, Alan Thicke, americans, analysis of the population growth in Europe, Ancient Egyptian polymath, Australia, balding, barbaric era before anesthetics, beer drinking world league, beer nations, beer-drinking, bite on a bullet, Bite the bullet, Bond, broken teeth, CD player, competition, conspiracy, Czech Republic, Czechs, declassified, designer of the first major pyramid, Diff'rent Strokes, different inventions, education, endure something painful, endure the pain of an operation or amputation, engineer, Entertainment, exciting style of play, Ezra Stiles, fact, factoid, factoids, facts, fancy clothes, first human in space, first James Bond, first known pyramid architect, first recorded, flight instructor, Formula 1, french, Germans, Growing Pains, Imhotep, information, Injured soldiers, innovation, irish, January, KGB report, labor pains, laser, laser technology, major championship winner, Marijuana, medical procedures, metal helmets, MiG-15UTI plane, missile-destroying defense systems, nausea, no car with the number 13, no practical use, normal heart valve, novel, on the front, pain, Payne Stewart, per capita beer consumption, pharmacies, phrase, physician, population of the United States, Port Lincoln, predicted, prediction, Prime Minister, prolific golfer, Pyramid of Djoser, Quantum mechanics, real tunas, rheumatism, Rudyard Kipling, Sean Connery, size of a half dollar, soldiers, The Facts of Life, The Light that Failed, throw a frozen tuna, trivia, Tunarama Festival, TV show, tweets, U.S Open, useful medicine, victim of a training jet crash, Vladimir Seryogin, wearing a toupee, weather balloon, Winston Churchill, wrote the theme songs, Yale University president, YouTube link, Yuri Gagarin February facts finish here, but not to worry, all being well there will be more next month. Meantime have a look at this selection. I hope you find something interesting. Approximately seven hundred tweets per minute contain a YouTube link. The most beer-drinking country in the world is the Czech Republic. With an incredible per capita beer consumption of almost 40 gallons a year, the Czechs are way out in front in the beer drinking world league table, leaving the Irish, Germans, Americans and other “beer nations” far behind. None of the soldiers wore metal helmets in 1914. The French were the first to introduce them in 1915. Future prime minister Winston Churchill wore a French one during his time on the front in 1916. The first known pyramid architect was Imhotep, an Ancient Egyptian polymath, engineer and physician who is considered to be the designer of the first major pyramid – the Pyramid of Djoser. In 1783, then Yale University president Ezra Stiles predicted that the population of the United States would reach 300 million in the next two hundred years. He based his prediction on his analysis of the population growth in Europe. Apparently, just a little over 200 years later, the population of the country actually hit 300 million. Sean Connery, the first and arguably the best James Bond, began balding when he was only 21-years-old, therefore in al his appearances as ‘Bond’ he is wearing a toupee. The phrase, “Bite the bullet”, meaning to endure something painful, was first recorded in Rudyard Kipling’s 1891 novel ‘The Light that Failed’ describing the barbaric era before anesthetics were used in medical procedures. Injured soldiers had to bite on a bullet to help them endure the pain of an operation or amputation, an action that usually also resulted in a few broken teeth aside from the other pain. A normal heart valve is about the size of a half dollar Payne Stewart was a prolific golfer and a three-time major championship winner who was extremely popular with spectators for his exciting style of play and fancy clothes. Sadly, in 1999 his career was cut short by an airplane accident that cost him his life a few months after his latest triumph in the U.S. Open. The Laser is an innovation made possible by Quantum mechanics. It was once thought to have no practical use, however, innovation and development has enabled laser technology to be applied to different inventions from the CD player to missile-destroying defense systems. In Port Lincoln, Australia, each January they hold the ‘Tunarama Festival’ which is a competition to see how far someone can throw a frozen tuna. Fortunately, the 2007 festival was the last one in which real tunas were used for the throws (because of their drastically dwindling populations). Since then artificially made fake tunas have been used. From 1850 to 1942, marijuana was considered a useful medicine for nausea, rheumatism, and labor pains and was easily obtained at local general stores or pharmacies throughout the U.S. In Formula 1 motor racing, there is no longer a car with the number 13. The number has been removed after two drivers were killed in crashes — both driving cars numbered 13. Yuri Gagarin, the first human in space, was also a victim of a training jet crash. He died on March 27, 1968, along with his flight instructor Vladimir Seryogin, when their MiG-15UTI plane crashed. There has always been a lot of speculation and conspiracy surrounds their deaths. For example, documents declassified in April 2011 include a 1968’s commission conclusion that they had to maneuver sharply to avoid a weather balloon, whereas a KGB report concluded the aircraft entered a spin. from which it subsequently could not recover. to avoid a bird strike or another aircraft. Alan Thicke, the father in the TV show Growing Pains wrote the theme songs for Diff’rent Strokes. So How Can You Tell Mayan Bollocks From Ordinary Bollocks? December 23, 2012 December 23, 2012 fasab Anagrams, Factoids, Humour, Rants, Uncategorized, Unusual 1186, 1260 day, 1420, 1666, 1809, 1843, 1844, 1874, 1878, 1881, 1910, 1914, 1918, 1925, 1957, 1960, 1962, 1967, 1970, 1975, 1983, 1991, 1992, 1993, 1994, 1998, 2000, 2001, 2007, 666, AD 500, amusing, anagram, apocalypse, April 17 2008, Armageddon, Arnie Stanton, Asteroid Toutatis, astronomer royal of Scotland, Atlantis, bar of chocolate, Bhagwan Shree Rajneesh, big round stone, bollocks, Bombay, Bradenton, Branch Davidian group, bubonic plague, Charles Taze Russell, Christ Church Los Angels, Church of the Subgenius, Comedy, comet pills, common sense, continent, country, cult, Current Events, Czechoslovakia, Daniel, David Berg, David Koresh, Dec 21 2012, deny earth almanac, dimensions of Noah's ark, dipstick logic, earth, Edgar Cayce, education, eggs with end time messages, end of the world, Entertainment, events, evidence, February 24 1997, Florida, fools, fortune teller, funny, Garland, Great Fire of London, Great Sphinx, Gulf War, Guru of the Rajneesh movement, Haley's comet, Harold Camping, Heng-ming Chen, Humor, Humour, idiots, International Association of Psychics, invisible return of Christ, January 1 1000, Jehovah's Witnesses, Jerusalem, Jews, JR Dobbs, Judgment day, July 29 1997, jump to conclusions, language, learned scholars, Lee Jang Rim, Letter of Toledo, Londoners, los angeles, Louis Farrakhan, magic chicken, magic formula, March 21 1844, Mary Bateman, May 21, Mayan calendar, Mayans, Millerism, Misc, Miscellaneous, Mission For The Coming Days, moronic pronouncements, morons, Moses David, Mother Shipton, Mt Carmel, Nation of Islam, new millennium, new york, numerology, Opinion, Our Inheritance in the Great Pyramid, Pastor John Hinkle, peace agreement, People, Piazzi Smyth, Planet X, Playboy Network, Pope John XXIII, prophecy watchers, pyramidology, race, Ranch Apocalypse, Random, Rants, Rapture, religion, Revelation, Ronald Weinland, Sacerdotal Knights of National Security, San Francisco, second coming, September 1993, September 1994, Shelby Corbett, stupid, stupid people, stupidity, Sydney Harbour, Taborites, Taiwanese cult, Tara Centers, Texas, the Beast, the Bible, The Children of God, the War of Armageddon, Thoughts, Time of the Gentiles, Tokyo, tribulation, two witnesses, United States, Waco, Watchtower magazine, Weekly World News, William Miller, X Day, XISTS, Y2K crisis, year 999 The answer to the question in the title is, of course, you can’t. Bollocks is bollocks no matter from which race, religion, continent or country it comes from, or in what language. I tried, and tried hard, but I couldn’t let Friday’s non-event go by without a word or several about the Mayans and particularly about the dipsticks who thought they had interpreted the Mayan calendar. By the way “the Mayan Calendar” is an anagram of “deny earth almanac” so that in itself should have told them something. But no, in the best bollocks-brain tradition that also brought us ‘the Y2K crisis that never was’ and that never made any sense either, we have been subjected for months and years now to all this end of the world malarkey from so-called learned scholars who knew such a lot about such a little they might as well have known nothing about anything at all. Plus, they have not an atom of common sense between them! There’s a fasab rule that there are none so dumb as those who think they are smart. I suppose that’s my take on “a little knowledge is a dangerous thing”. Happily I have been blessed with the ability to recognize that there are at least a trillion things that I don’t know for every little thing that I do know. I have also learned not to jump to conclusions when there is precious little evidence to support them. So here’s the story. We all know by now that the Mayans carved a calendar into a big round stone and that some self-important smart asses tried to decipher it and came to the conclusion that, because the calendar apparently stops at Dec 21, 2012, that is the date when the world must end. That’s a bit like munching your way through a bar of chocolate, looking at the empty wrapper and deciding that there will be no more bars of chocolate ever! (Now THAT would be the end of the world!) There could have been lots of reasons why the Mayan calendar ended on that date (if indeed it did) but they were either dismissed or, much more likely, never even considered. None of them fit with dipstick logic. the wee-calendar-carver-man-person may have keeled over and died without passing on his ‘magic formula’ to a successor. he may just have got pissed off with the job and stopped. he could have broken his chisel. he might have whacked himself on the thumb with his hammer. he could have continued his work on a second stone that nobody has found yet. or he may have been the Mayan equivalent of the modern day dipsticks who tried to interpret it and really did think the world was going to end on that date. It’s not the fact that we have these ‘end of the world’ morons and their equally moronic pronouncements about the apocalypse that annoys me. It’s the utterly depressing fact that no matter how insanely stupid their ideas are there are always hoards of other morons willing to believe them. How sad is that? And it has been going on for thousands of years. A Roman priest and theologian in the second and third centuries, predicted Christ would return in A.D. 500. His calculations were based on the dimensions of Noah’s ark! In the year 999, despite the fact that there weren’t any of the events required by the Bible transpiring at that time, there was almost hysteria over the return of Christ with all members of society seemingly affected by the prediction that it would happen on January 1, 1000 AD. In 1186 the “Letter of Toledo” warned everyone to hide in the caves and mountains. The world would be destroyed and only a few would be spared. In 1420 the Taborites of Czechoslovakia predicted every city would be annihilated by fire. Only five mountain strongholds would be saved. Also around the same time someone called ‘Mother Shipton’ claimed the world would end 400 years later in 1881. In 1666 the bubonic plague outbreak killed 100,000 Londoners and, along with the Great Fire of London during the same year, made the world ending likely to most. The fact that the year ended with the Beast’s number (666), didn’t help sanity to prevail either. By 1809 things were getting really silly. A woman fortune teller, named Mary Bateman, had a magic chicken that laid eggs with end time messages on them. However the uproar she created was ended abruptly when an unannounced visitor caught her forcing a magic egg up the hen’s ass! She was later was hanged for poisoning a wealthy client. William Miller founded an end-times movement that became known as ‘Millerism’. He determined that the second coming would happen sometime between 1843-1844. A spectacular meteor shower in 1833 gave the movement a good push forward and the anticipation continued to build up until March 21, 1844, when Miller’s one year time table ran out. In 1874 the Jehovah’s Witnesses were getting in on the fun, but failed. They also struck out in 1878 and 1881. Charles Taze Russell then predicted the Rapture in 1910, followed by the ‘End of the World’ in 1914. He later reinterpreted this as the ‘invisible’ return of Christ when the world ignored him and continued. The Witnesses had no better luck with predictions for 1918, or 1925, or 1957, or 1975, or 1994. Amazingly, the failure of every one of their forecasts has not affected the growth of the movement, the Watchtower magazine, a major Witness periodical, having apparently over 13 million subscribers worldwide. Then the revisit of Haley’s comet was, for many, an indication of the Lord’s second coming. The earth actually passed through the gaseous tail of the comet. One of the few sane people of the time was enterprising enough to sell ‘comet pills’ to people for protection against the effects of the toxic gases. 1960 was the date chosen by Piazzi Smyth, a past astronomer royal of Scotland, whose 1860 book titled “Our Inheritance in the Great Pyramid” both predicted that year as the date of the new millennium and was responsible for spreading the belief in pyramidology throughout the world. 1962 saw Pope John XXIII contributing to the madness, predicting that visitors from outer space would arrive in chariots of flaming steel and would share their advanced knowledge with humanity. Our life span would be increased to 150 years or longer and most diseases would be wiped out. In 1967 when the city of Jerusalem was reclaimed by the Jews, prophecy watchers declared that the ‘Time of the Gentiles’ had come to an end. By the mid 1970s it was the turn of the late Moses David (formerly David Berg) founder of ‘The Children of God’ to predict that a comet would hit the earth, and destroy all life in the United States. Then a group called the ‘Tara Centers’ placed full-page advertisements in many major newspapers for the weekend of April 24-25, 1982, announcing “The Christ is Now Here!” and predicting that he would make himself known “within the next two months.” After the date passed, they said that the delay was only because the “consciousness of the human race was not quite right…” in other words, all our fault, not theirs! In 1983, Bhagwan Shree Rajneesh, Guru of the Rajneesh movement also predicted massive destruction on earth, including natural disasters and man-made catastrophes. Floods larger than any since Noah, extreme earthquakes, very destructive volcano eruptions, nuclear wars etc. would be experienced. Tokyo, New York, San Francisco, Los Angeles, Bombay would all disappear. To the best of my knowledge they are all still around although Bombay did have a makeover name change. . In 1991 Nation of Islam Leader, Louis Farrakhan, proclaimed the Gulf War would to be “the War of Armageddon … the final War.” Wrong! In 1992, we had the whacko in Waco. David Koresh and his Branch Davidian group change the name of their commune from Mt. Carmel to Ranch Apocalypse, because of his belief that the final all-encompassing battle of Armageddon mentioned in the Bible would start at the Branch Davidian compound. They had calculated that the end would occur in 1995. After a 51-day standoff, on April 10,1993, they did have their own mini apocalypse when 76 members died as a result of a deliberately set fire. Also in 1992 Lee Jang Rim started a church called, “Mission For The Coming Days”. Using numerology as the basis for his chosen date, the cult (no spelling error) looked forward to the Second Coming believing that Jesus would return through Sydney Harbour! An hour after the appointed prediction time the cult leaders ran for it, hiding their faces from reporters. One reporter was punched. Some disappointed members committed suicide, probably because they had given all their worldly assets to Lee Jang Rim who was later jailed for two years for embezzling 4.4 million dollars from 10,000 of his cult followers. Ironically Lee Jang Rim had used the money to buy bonds that matured AFTER the end of the world! You gotta laugh! Pastor John Hinkle of Christ Church Los Angels also caused quite a stir when he announced he had received a vision from God that warned of an apocalyptic event on June 9th, 1994. Hinkle, quoting God, said, “On Thursday June the 9th, I will rip the evil out of this world.” Nope, didn’t happen either. Then Harold Camping in his book “Are You Ready?” predicted the Lord’s return in September 1994. The book was full of methods that added up Bible numbers up to 1994 as the date of Christ’s return. Of course it was nonsense, but proving that you can’t keep a good man down, he was at it again in 2011, when he pronounced that May 21 that year would be ‘Judgment day’. Needless to say he was wrong again! In 1993, when Rabin and Arafat signed their peace pact on the White House lawn on September 13, some saw the events as the beginning of the tribulation. With the signing of the peace agreement Daniel’s 1260 day countdown was underway and by adding 1260 days to September, 1993 they came to February 24, 1997 as the fateful day. The July 29, 1997 an issue of the ‘Weekly World News’ carried a statement by a spokesperson of the ‘International Association of Psychics’ which said that 92% of their 120,000 members had had the same “end time” vision. War, pestilence, and a worldwide plague were among the predicted events which would see the end of mankind by around the year 2001. So much for psychics! Also around 1997 a group called the ‘Sacerdotal Knights of National Security’ reported that “A space alien captured at a UFO landing site in eastern Missouri cracked under interrogation by the CIA and admitted that an extraterrestrial army will attack Earth on November 27 with the express purpose of stripping our planet of every natural resource they can find a use for — and making slaves of every man, woman and child in the world!” Then, because 666 times three equals 1998, that year saw another spasm of end of the world predictions. For example, a Taiwanese cult operating out of Garland Texas predicted Christ would return on March 31, 1998. The group’s leader, Heng-ming Chen, announced God would return, and then invite the cult members aboard a UFO. However, the group had to abandon their second coming prediction when a precursor event failed to take place. The cult’s leader said God would appear on every channel 18 of every TV in the world, but as one commentator concluded, perhaps God realized at the last minute that the Playboy Network was channel 18 on several cable systems, and he didn’t want to have Christians watching a porn channel. Also in 1998 the famous psychic, Edgar Cayce, predicted that a secret, underground chamber would be discovered between the paws of the Great Sphinx and that inside there would be documents revealing the history of Atlantis. This revelation would trigger the Second Coming of Christ. This prediction is more interesting than most because two independent studies have revealed that there is in fact an underground structure just where Cayce said it would be! The wonderfully and appropriately named ‘Church of the Subgenius’ predicted that on “X Day”, July 5, 1998, the end of the world would occur. At that time, “the Men from Planet X, or XISTS, will arrive on Earth, close a deal with “Bob,” rapture the card-carrying Ordained SubGenii up to the Escape Vessels of the Sex Goddesses, and destroy the remaining population of Earth, VERY VERY SLOWLY.” In case you are wondering, ‘Bob’ is J.R. Dobbs, leader and High Epopt of the Church of the SubGenius, Living Avatar of Slack, the Saint of Sales. You couldn’t make it up! The new millennium year of 2000 produced an upsurge in end of the world predictions. When none of that came true some of them regrouped and hit on the ‘no year zero’ excuse, pushing their doomsday date out to 2001. Nope. Wrong again! A few years later, Shelby Corbett, of Bradenton, Florida put up benches throughout the town advertising that the rapture will happen in 2007! She had little Biblical knowledge but conveniently had a book out pushing the same information. Then Arnie Stanton noted on September 16, 1997 that that evening was the fourth Jewish festival since April 3, 1996 when a lunar eclipse had occurred. He quoted Luke 21:25-26 which mentions “signs in the sun, in the moon and in the stars and on the earth distress of nations” and decided that “these recent lunar eclipses are the last known astronomical signs that will precede a 7 year (360 day/year) countdown to Armageddon/Christ’s return to the Earth.” Arnie expected that Christ’s return would occur within a few months of September 29, 2004 when Asteroid Toutatis made a very close approach to the Earth. Afraid not Arnie. On April 17, 2008 Ronald Weinland travelled to Jerusalem and announced that he and his wife were the two witnesses of Revelation. The title of his book, “If it doesn’t come to pass…starting in April, then I’m nothing but a false prophet…” said it all. And then we had the Mayan calendar nonsense, which brings me back to where this post started. It turned out to be a bit longer than I had intended, but I wanted to give you a flavor of the idiots that are out there, all with equally idiotic followers. And this is just a few of many, many more examples. So is there an answer? Well yes there is. And it’s pretty simple. Just do three things, (a) don’t listen to self-important academics and scientists who clearly don’t know what they are talking about. (b) treat others the way you like to be treated yourself, and providing you are reasonably normal and not some kind of kinky masochist, then that yardstick should do fine; and (c) don’t worry about the end of the world, you can’t do anything about it anyway, I mean where are you going to go? THE END (of the post, just the post!)	cc/2019-30/en_head_0021.json.gz/line12548
__label__wiki	0.833462	0.833462	HomePosts tagged 'first President to throw out the first ball to begin the professional baseball season' first President to throw out the first ball to begin the professional baseball season Significant Number Factoid Friday – Today Number Twenty-Seven 27 December 7, 2012 December 7, 2012 fasab Factoids, Numbers, Politics, Sport, Uncategorized, Unusual, War 16th Amendment, 27, 27th President of the United States, 27th State, Afghanistan, Aluminum, anti-submarine warfare, Apple Core Nebula, Arizona, astronauts, atomic number, Atomic Weight, Australia, aviation, Azores, Babylon, baseball, Berdysh, Bible, Bill Tilden, Blood and Sand, Bob Feller, bones in the human hand, Book of Revelation, books, Boston Red Sox, Brisbane, Captain Matthew Webb, Carl Reiner, Carlton Fisk, celebrities, Charge of the Light Brigade, Chief Justice of the U.S. Supreme Court, Cinncinati Reds, Claire de Lune, Claude Debussy, Cobalt, Colorado, commander, congress, constellation Vulpecula, cosmonaut, crew of Challenger, Crisis, CVE-27, CZ-27, Czechoslovakia, Dawn Fraser, Deanna Durbin, Egypt, Elias Howe, Entertainment, Errol Flynn, fighter aircraft, first human in space, first President of the 48 contiguous states, first president to be buried in the National Cemetery in Arlington, first president to own a car at the White House, first President to throw out the first ball to begin the professional baseball season, Flood, Florida, FW Woolworth, Genesis, George Burns, George Sand, God, Grace Kelly, Grand Hotel, Greta Garbo, Grimm's Fairy Tales, Guadalcanal, Guy S. Gardner, Hall of Famer, Hebrew alphabet, Hugh Hefner, I want to be alone, If I should die, income tax, Indian Air Force, indiana, Ingmar Bergman, Institutes of the Christian Religion, Izmir, Jacob Grimm, Jamestown, Janis Joplin, Jerome Kern, Jerry L. Ross, Jim Morrison, Jimmy Hendrix, John Calvin, John Denver, John Smith, Julie Andrews, kamikazes, Katmandu, Kazakh Air Force, King Nebuchadrezzar, Kurt Corbain, Lajes, latitude, Lewis Carroll, light years, longitude, M 27, Mary Poppins, mathematics, Messier 27, MIG-27, Mikoyan MiG-27, Mikoyan-Gurevich MiG-23, Militaria, military, Mooly Wolly, movies, Mozart, music, Napoleon, NASA STS-27 mission, Naval Battle of Casablanca, Nepal, New Testament, NGC 6853, Nikolai Gogol, number, numbers, Octillion, Oh, Olympic 100-meters freestyle swimming, Oscar for the Best Actress, oscars, OTs-27, Paulin, Pike's Peak, Pilot, pistol, planetary nebula, Playboy, Pocohontas, politics, Prince Rainier of Monaco, Proverbs, religion, Richard M. (Mike) Mullane, Robert Burns, Robert L. Gibson, Rubik’s cube, Rudolph Valentino, Rupert Brooke, Russian, science, Sergei Eisenstein, solar rotation, Soviet, space, space shuttle, sport, Sri Lanka, stuck in the White House bathtub, sun, tennis court, The Battleship Potemkin, the Dumbbell Nebula, The Inspector General, The Jungle, The Kilmarnock Poems, the Lord, think only this of me...", Turkey, twenty-seven, U.S. parcel post system, Ukrainian, Upton Sinclair, USS Suwannee, Virginia, White House lawn, White House stables converted into a 4-car garage, William Howard Taft, William M. Shepherd, Wimbledon, Woolworth Co, World Series, World War I, WWII, Yuri Gagarin, Zebulon M Pike Today is another numbers day and the randomly chosen number is twenty-seven. Were you born on the 27th, is it your lucky number, has it some other significance for you or do you just like facts and trivia. Whatever your interest you will probably find something in here that you didn’t know about the number twenty-seven. Number Twenty-Seven 27 There are six occurrences of 27th in the Bible: Genesis 8.14; I Kings 16.10, 16.15; 2 Kings 15.1, 25.27; Ezekiel 29.17 God creates man “male & female” in the 27th verse in Genesis I; After the Flood, the earth was dried on the 27th day of the 2nd month (Genesis 8.14); In the 27th year the Lord gave Egypt to King Nebuchadrezzar of Babylon; Book 27 of Proverbs has 27 verses; The New Testament is made up of 27 books; The Book of Revelation is the 27th Book and last book of the New Testament; John Calvin published Institutes of the Christian Religion when he was 27 years old (1536); Twenty-seven is the highest level of knowledge in rupaloke (Buddhism); In ancient Incan culture there were 27 roads to El Dorado. An Octillion is 1027 which is a 1 followed by 27 zeros Twenty-seven is a perfect cube, being 3 to the power of 3 or 3 × 3 × 3. Twenty-seven is the only positive integer that is 3 times the sum of its digits. The atomic number of Cobalt (Co) is 27 The atomic weight of Aluminum (Al) is 27 Solar rotation: The Sun rotates on its axis once in about 27 days; The 27th moon of Jupiter is Sinope. The planet Uranus has 27 moons Messier 27, the Dumbbell Nebula (also known as Apple Core Nebula, M 27, or NGC 6853) is a planetary nebula in the constellation Vulpecula, at a distance of about 1,360 light years; On April 12, 1961, Soviet cosmonaut Yuri Gagarin became the first human in space, he was 27 years old; This is the official insignia of the NASA STS-27 mission. The patch depicts the space shuttle lifting off against the multi-colored backdrop of a rainbow, symbolizing the triumphal return to flight of our nation’s manned space program. The design also commemorates the memory of the crew of Challenger mission STS-51-L, represented by the seven stars. The names of the flight crew members of STS-27 are located along the border of the patch. They are astronauts Robert L. Gibson, commander; Guy S. Gardner, pilot; Jerry L. Ross, Richard M. (Mike) Mullane and William M. Shepherd, mission specialists. Each crew member contributed to the design of the insignia. In books, music, TV and movies Rudolph Valentino was 27 when he stared in film Blood and Sand; Sergei Eisenstein directs The Battleship Potemkin in 1925, aged 27; 27 year old Greta Garbo uttered the famous words, “I want to be alone” in film Grand Hotel in 1932; Errol Flynn (1909-1959) stars in film Charge of the Light Brigade (1936); Ingmar Bergman (born 7-14-1918) directs his first film Crisis (1945); Deanna Durbin, teenage star retires in 1949, aged 27, after her 22 film career; In the 1977 Carl Reiner movie Oh, God!, Jerry Landers (John Denver), a supermarket manager meets God (George Burns) on the 27th floor in Room 2700; Captain Jean-Luc Picard has made contact with twenty-seven species of aliens in the series Star Trek: The Next Generation; The following famous authors published these works when they were 27 years old: Jacob Grimm, Grimm’s Fairy Tales (1812-1815); George Sand, her first book, Indiana in 1831; Nikolai Gogol, The Inspector General in 1836 and Upton Sinclair, The Jungle in 1906; Famous Scottish poet Robert Burns publishes The Kilmarnock Poems in 1786, aged 27; Rupert Brooke was 27 when he wrote the poem “If I should die, think only this of me…” in 1914; he died the following year (1915) in World War I; RupertBrooke Hugh Hefner (born 1926) publishes Playboy magazine (1953); In 1956, Grace Kelly was 27 years old when she retired from movies to marry Prince Rainier of Monaco; Aged 27 Julie Andrews starred in her first film Mary Poppins in 1963 and won an Oscar for the Best Actress (1964); January 27 is the birthday of Mozart 1756, Lewis Carroll 1832, and Jerome Kern 1885; When he is 27 years old Claude Debussy composes Claire de Lune in 1890; The 27 Club is the collective term used when talking about musicians and singers who all died at the age of 27: Robert Johnston, blues singer and musician; Brian Jones, founder member of the Rolling Stones; Janis Joplin, rock singer, from drugs overdose in 1970; Jimmy Hendrix, rock guitarist, died from drugs overdose in 1970; Jim Morrison, rock singer, from a heart attack in 1971; Kurt Corbain, rock singer, from drugs overdose in 1994; and Amy Winehouse, singer, from drink and drug overdose in 2011. Florida became the 27th State to enter the Union (March 3, 1845) There are twenty-seven words in the Second Amendment to the U.S. Constitution; The 27th President of the United States was William Howard Taft (1857-1930), who served (1909-1913). He later served as Chief Justice of the U.S. Supreme Court (1921-1930). President William H Taft Taft was the heaviest president ever at 332 pounds, and famously got stuck in the White House bathtub. Subsequently he had an oversized version brought in for his use. William Howard Taft was the first president to own a car at the White House (he had the White House stables converted into a 4-car garage), the first to throw out the first ball to begin the professional baseball season, and the first president to be buried in the National Cemetery in Arlington, Virginia. Arizona became a state on February 14, 1912, also making Taft the first President of the 48 contiguous states. Taft liked milk so much that he brought his own cow to the White House. The cows name was Mooly Wolly. Mooly was replaced by another cow called Paulin. Paulin was the last cow to graze on the White House lawn. During his administration, the U.S. parcel post system began, but sadly during his term Congress approved the 16th Amendment, providing for the levying of an income tax. Carlton Fisk, Baseball Hall of Famer, wore uniform #27 while playing with the Boston Red Sox. Fisk waves his homer fair to win Game 6 of the 1975 World Series 7-6 in the 12th inning against the Cinncinati Reds. The size of a tennis court for singles is 78 feet long and 27 feet wide. In tennis Bill Tilden (1893-1953) won his first Wimbledon tennis championship in 1920 at the age of 27 (he went on to win it two more times in 1921 and 1930); he also won his first US Championship in 1920 aged 27 (and went on to win it six more times in 1921-25, and in 1929) At the age of 27, Bob Feller achieved a strike-out record of 348 batters; Sandy Koufax breaks his own NL strike-out record with 276 and also sets major-league record with 11 shut-outs for a left-hander; Dawn Fraser won the Olympic 100-meters freestyle swimming in 1964 aged 27. USS Suwannee (CVE-27) During WWII, USS Suwannee (CVE-27) (originally an oiler AO-33, converted to an escort carrier AVG/ACV/CVE-27) saw a great deal of active service and earned 13 battle stars. She took part in the invasion of North Africa and during the Naval Battle of Casablanca from 8–11 November, Suwannee sent up 255 air sorties and lost only five planes, three in combat and two to operational problems. She was also the first escort carrier to score against the enemy undersea menace, and she helped to prove the usefulness of her type in anti-submarine warfare. Later the Suwannee was sent to the South Pacific. For the next seven months, she provided air escort for transports and supply ships replenishing and bolstering the marines on Guadalcanal, as well as for the forces occupying other islands in the Solomons group. She also participated in the Gilbert Islands operation as part of the Air Support Group of the Southern Attack Force, and her planes bombed Tarawa, while the ships in the Northern Attack Force engaged the enemy at Makin. During 1944 the Suwannee joined the Northern Attack Force, and her planes bombed and strafed Roi and Namur Islands, in the northern part of Kwajalein Atoll, and conducted antisubmarine patrols for the task force. By 30 March, she was in the vicinity of the Palau Islands as the 5th Fleet subjected those islands to two days of extensive bombing raids. On 24–25 October 1944, the Japanese launched a major surface offensive from three directions to contest the landings at Leyte Gulf. Suwanee was hit during the attacks but was able to resume air operations helped to fight off two more air attacks. Just after noon on 26 October, another group of kamikazes jumped Taffy 1. A Zero crashed into Suwanee’s flight deck at 1240 and careened into a torpedo bomber which had just been recovered. The two planes erupted upon contact as did nine other planes on her flight deck. The resulting fire burned for several hours, but was finally brought under control. The casualties for 25-26 October were 107 dead and 160 wounded. Suwannee remained in reserve at Boston for the next 12 years. She was redesignated an escort helicopter aircraft carrier, CVHE-27, on 12 June 1955. Her name was struck from the Navy List on 1 March 1959. Her hulk was sold to the Isbrantsen Steamship Company, of New York City on 30 November 1959 for conversion to merchant service. The project was subsequently canceled and, in May 1961, her hulk was resold to the J.C. Berkwit Company, also of New York City. She was finally scrapped in Bilbao, Spain, in June 1962. The Mikoyan MiG-27 is a variable-geometry ground-attack aircraft, originally built by the Mikoyan design bureau in the Soviet Union and later license-produced in India by Hindustan Aeronautics as the Bahadur (“Valiant”). It is based on the Mikoyan-Gurevich MiG-23 fighter aircraft, but optimized for air-to-ground attack. Unlike the MiG-23, the MiG-27 did not see widespread use outside Russia, as most countries opted for the MiG-23BN and Sukhoi Su-25 instead. It currently only remains in service with the Indian, Kazakh and Sri Lankan Air Forces in the ground attack role. All Russian and Ukrainian MiG-27s have been retired. It was used by Soviet forces during the later stages of the Afghanistan conflict in 1987–1989. The MiG-27 aircraft also entered service with the Sri Lanka Air Force in 2000. During the Sri Lankan Civil War, they saw considerable action bombing strategic targets and providing close air support. Since 2001, the Indian Air Force has lost 12 MiG-27s to crashes and in mid-February 2010, India grounded its entire fleet of over 150 of the aircraft after a MiG-27 crashed on 16 February 2010 in Siliguri, West Bengal. The crash was attributed to defects in the R 29 engines of the aircraft, suspected to have occurred during the overhauling of the aircraft by Hindustan Aeronautics Limited. The MiG-27 remains in service with the Kazakh Air Force. Alenia C-27J The Alenia C-27J Spartan is a medium-sized military transport aircraft. The C-27J is an advanced derivative of Alenia Aeronautica’s G.222, with the engines and systems of the Lockheed Martin C-130J Super Hercules. The CZ-27, a single action semiautomatic pistol with a capacity of 8 or 9 rounds, was developed in around 1926 by Czech arms designer Frantisek Myska in an attempt to produce simplified version of the CZ Vz.24 pistol, chambered for less powerful 7.65×17 SR Browning ammunition (also known as .32 ACP) and suited for police and security use. It was put into production in 1927, at arms factory in Praha. Until the appearance of the famous CZ-75 pistol, the CZ-27 was one of the most successful handguns produced in Czechoslovakia, with well over 500 000 guns of this type produced between 1927 and 1951. During the German occupation of Czechoslovakia it was manufactured for German armed forces and police as Pistole model 27, or P.27(t) in short. It was extensively used by Czechoslovak police and security forces, and widely exported to many parts of the world. OTs-27 “Berdysh” pistol Originally developed by the TSKIB SOO (central design bureau for sporting and hunting arms, Tula, Russia, later merged with famous KBP design bureau) the OTs-27 “Berdysh” is a Double Action semiautomatic 9 mm pistol with a capacity of 18 rounds. It was developed for “Grach” trials, with the goal being the replacement for the venerable Makarov PM as a standard issue sidearm for Russian army. The OTs-27 was subsequently dropped from the Grach trials, but the development continued and the pistol first appeared circa 1994. Cities located at 27 degrees longitude are Lajes, Azores and Izmir, Turkey; Cities located at 27 degrees latitude are Brisbane, Australia and Katmandu, Nepal; There are 27 bones in the human hand; The Hebrew alphabet consists of 27 letters; Napoleon was named commander of the army of Italy during his 27th year, on March 2, 1796; Elias Howe invents the first sewing machine in 1846 when he was 27 years old; When he was aged 27 F.W. Woolworth founded Woolworth Co. (1879) selling 5¢ and 10¢ merchandise; There are 27 small cubes in a Rubik’s cube; In 1806, aged 27, Zebulon M. Pike discovers Pike’s Peak, Colorado; At the age of 27, Captain Matthew Webb was the first person to swim the English Channel in 1875. He took 21 hours 43 minutes for the distance of 21 miles. Sadly eight years later, aged 35, Webb drowned while trying to swim across the waters above Niagara Falls in an attempt to exploit his fame as a swimmer. A memorial stone to Webb carries this inscription: “Nothing Great Is Easy”. John Smith was 27 years old when he led the first English settlement in North America at Jamestown, Virginia in 1607; he was saved from death by Pocohontas.	cc/2019-30/en_head_0021.json.gz/line12549
__label__wiki	0.799971	0.799971	HomePosts tagged 'transfer' Significant Number Factoid Friday – Today The Number Is One Hundred And Fifty 150 June 7, 2013 May 31, 2013 fasab Factoids, Numbers, Unusual 150, 150 couples, 150cc, 150th, 201st Airlift Squadron, 30/30-150, 3D globe, a pistol grip, A-150, acoustic guitars, aerodynamic, AFL season, Air Medal, Alaska, Aleutian Islands Campaign, Alexander the Great, American, American Holland class submarines, Anchorage, Andrews Air Force Base, archtop guitars, Astra SPX, astrological, Australia, authorship, Bajaj Auto, Bajaj Pulsar, ban, batsman, bet, body size, books, boredom, British anthropologist, British motorcycle, C-38 Courier, Cadillac Gage Commando, Captain Johnston Blakeley, Caribbean, Census, Cessna 150, Cessna Aircraft Company, Charlie Christian, Chicago Musical Instruments, Christian, cognitive limit, cohesive group, combat archers, compact van, complex social groups, country, Coventry, Crates of Mallos, cricket, DD–150, DE-150, degrees, detachable magazine, detachable stock, District of Columbia Air National Guard, Dunbar's number, Dutchman Erik Akkersdik, E-Series, Edsall-class destroyer, education, Electric Boat Company, EM-150 Mandolin, energy drink, Entertainment, ES-150, European Union Council Regulation, exile, F-150, F-Series, Fairbanks, federal criminal code, flintlock weapon, forbid, Ford Club Wagon, Ford E-Series, Ford Econoline, Ford Motor Company, Free Church of Scotland, French Polynesia, Geelong, General Assembly, giant tortoise, Gibson Guitar Corp, Gibson Les Paul, Glynn Kerr, Gold Coast Suns, Gorgidas, Greek, Greek Stoic, grenade, guitars, Gulfstream Aerospace, Gulfstream G100, H-class submarine, harp, health researcher, Hinckley, hollow-body electric guitars, humans, Humvees, hymns, I Chronicles, IAI Westwind, Imperial Japanese, Imperial Russian Navy, import, import duties, India, Indonesia, instruments, Israel Aircraft Industries, J-150 Maple, James Puckle, Johannes Kepler, Kalamazoo, Kansas, King David, L-150 Custom, large brain, Lebanon, Leningrad, lifespan, lions, Longtitude, M-150, M1117 Armored Security Vehicle, M150, Machinist Weimar Edmund Neunzer, Magadan, mammals, manufacture, Maryland, mathematics, men of Israel, Mercedes Benz, Mercedes Benz A-150, Mercedes Benz B-150, Meriden, Mertens function, Michigan, milestone, Militaria, military, military equipment, Misc, Miscellaneous, mismanagement, motorcycles, movies, music, Muslim, Nashville, New South Wales, Nintendo DS, Norlin Inc, number of people, One Hundred And Fifty, Orville Gibson, PAM, Papeete, Penetration Augmented Munition, Persian Gulf War, pesos, Philip II of Macedon, Philippines, philosopher, pickup trucks, piston-powered aircraft, politics, polymath, portable explosive device, possession, Power Stars, primes, Professor’s cube, protection, Protestant, Psalm, Psalm 150, psalmos, Psalms, Puckle gun, Queensland, quincunx, Random, relationships, religion, Republic of the Ivory Coast, Robin Dunbar, rocket launcher, Rockhampton, Rockwell Jet Commander, Rome, Rubik’s cube, rupiah, Russia, Sacred Band of Thebes, Saint Vincent and the Grenadines, sale, Saudi Arabia, scholars, science, sects, Security Council Resolution, semiautomatic assault weapon, semiautomatic pistols, semiautomatic rifles, semiautomatic shotguns, Senate Bill 150, several authors, singing, social contact, social relationships, Solihull, solitary wasps, song, sons of Ulam, South East Asia, space, Special Operations Forces, species, sport, square bullets, squares, SS-150, Steven Austad, Stone Sour, sum, sung, Super Mario, Super Yamato class, Suzuki GS150R, Suzuki Motorcycle, Suzuki Raider 150, Suzuki Satria 150, T-150, Tennessee, Textron, Thailand, the Bible, the Defence gun, the Duck, The Gibson Mandolin-Guitar Mfg Co, the V, Theban army, tigers, transfer, Transit Connect, transportation, Trident T150, Triumph Engineering Co Ltd, Triumph Motorcycles Ltd, Triumph Trident T150, Turks, tv, twin-engine business jet, ultra-orthodox, United Nations, United States Air Force, United States Navy, University of Texas, US Congress, USA, USS Blakeley, USS H-7, USS Neunzer, Vietnam War, weapons, Wichita, Wickes-class destroyer, Wollongong, work, world war ii, world’s first, worst ever defeat Time for another significant number factoid Friday. Today the number is one hundred and fifty, 150. These are just some of the things that are associated with that number. One Hundred And Fifty 150 There are 150 Psalms in the Bible, the authorship of which is usually ascribed to King David, although scholars now believe that they are the work of several authors. Psalm comes from the Greek psalmos, a song sung to a harp. Some ultra-orthodox Protestant sects (like the Free Church of Scotland) forbid the singing of any hymns that aren’t psalms. The last Psalm in the Bible, Psalm 150, is perhaps the one most often set to music. The number of sons of Ulam, who were combat archers, in the Census of the men of Israel upon return from exile (I Chronicles 8:40) 150 is the sum of eight consecutive primes (7 + 11 + 13 + 17 + 19 + 23 + 29 + 31). Given 150, the Mertens function returns 0. In 150BC the Greek Stoic philosopher and polymath, Crates of Mallos, while laid up in Rome, staved off boredom by constructing the world’s first 3D globe. It showed four symmetrical land masses, separated by water and a central ocean. The Professor’s cube is a 5 x 5 x 5 version of Rubik’s cube (which is 3 x 3 x 3). It has 150 coloured squares. Steven Austad, a health researcher at the University of Texas, believes that children who are alive today could easily live to 150. Based purely on body size, when compared with other mammals, humans shouldn’t live more than 30-40 years. But our large brain enables us to live in complex social groups that give us protection. The evidence is there in other species: solitary wasps have a lifespan of two weeks but social wasps live for three years. In much the same way lions, which are sociable creatures, live longer than tigers, which are solitary. Austad is so sure that someone alive today will still be here in the year 2150 that he has placed a bet on it with a friend. Presumably he also believes that he will be around to collect. The only animal currently capable of living for 150 years is the giant tortoise. Dunbar’s number Dunbar’s number is a suggested cognitive limit to the number of people with whom one can maintain stable social relationships. These are relationships in which an individual knows who each person is, and how each person relates to every other person. Proponents assert that numbers larger than this generally require more restrictive rules, laws, and enforced norms to maintain a stable, cohesive group. It has been proposed to lie between 100 and 230, with a commonly used value of 150. Dunbar’s number states the number of people one knows and keeps social contact with, and it does not include the number of people known personally with a ceased social relationship, nor people just generally known with a lack of persistent social relationship, a number which might be much higher and likely depends on long-term memory size. Dunbar’s number was first proposed by British anthropologist Robin Dunbar, who theorized that “this limit is a direct function of relative neocortex size, and that this in turn limits group size … the limit imposed by neocortical processing capacity is simply on the number of individuals with whom a stable inter-personal relationship can be maintained.” On the periphery, the number also includes past colleagues such as high school friends with whom a person would want to reacquaint themself if they met again. The number of degrees in the quincunx astrological aspect explored by Johannes Kepler. The 150th country to join the United Nations was Saint Vincent and the Grenadines, on September 16, 1980; United Nations Security Council Resolution 150 recommended to the General Assembly that the Republic of the Ivory Coast be admitted to membership in the United Nations; European Union Council Regulation (EC) No 150/2003 of 21 January 2003 is regarding suspending import duties on certain weapons and military equipment; US Congress Senate Bill 150 amends the federal criminal code to ban the import, sale, manufacture, transfer, or possession of a semiautomatic assault weapon, including semiautomatic rifles, semiautomatic pistols, semiautomatic shotguns, etc., that can accept a detachable magazine and has any one of the following characteristics: (1) a pistol grip; (2) a forward grip; (3) a folding, telescoping, or detachable stock; (4) a grenade or rocket launcher; (5) a barrel shroud; or (6) a threaded barrel. In cricket 150 runs is a milestone for a batsman. In Round 20 of the 2011 AFL season, Geelong inflicted the worst ever defeat on the Gold Coast Suns by 150 points. Gibson Guitar Corp. Gibson Guitar Corp. is an American maker of guitars and other instruments, now based in Nashville, Tennessee. Orville Gibson founded the company in 1902 as as “The Gibson Mandolin-Guitar Mfg. Co., Ltd.” in Kalamazoo, Michigan to make mandolin-family instruments. Gibson invented archtop guitars by constructing the same type of carved, arched tops used on violins. By the 1930s, the company was also making flattop acoustic guitars, as well as one of the first commercially available hollow-body electric guitars, used and popularized by Charlie Christian. It was bought by Chicago Musical Instruments in 1944, which was then acquired by the E.C.L. conglomerate that changed its name to Norlin Inc. This was seen as the beginning of an era of mismanagement. Gibson sells guitars under a variety of brand names and built one of the world’s most iconic guitars, the Gibson Les Paul. Many Gibson instruments are among the most collectible guitars. It has produced various models with the ’15 ‘ designation including: Acoustic guitars J-150 Maple L-150 Custom Electric guitars ES-150 EM-150 Mandolin (1936-1971) The Gibson J-150 The song “30/30-150” by Stone Sour Triumph Trident T150 Triumph Engineering Co Ltd was a British motorcycle manufacturing company, based originally in Coventry and then in Solihull at Meriden. A new company, Triumph Motorcycles Ltd based in Hinckley gained the name rights after the end of the company in the 1980s and is now one of the world’s major motorcycle manufacturers producing models like the Trident T150. Suzuki Raider 150 The Suzuki Raider 150 is one of the fastest motorcycles in the underbone category. It uses the 150 cc (9.2 cu in) DOHC four-valve single-cylinder oil-cooled Suzuki FXR150 engine, with a 6 speed transmission. The frame, rear swing arm, rear suspension, seat and front brakes are redesigned from the Suzuki FX125 chassis, making it more aerodynamic. Its popularity in South East Asia, mainly in Thailand, Indonesia and Philippines, is due to the price of this bike—around US$1850 (90,000 to 92,001 pesos or around 16,500,001 rupiah in Indonesia). Also called the Suzuki Satria 150 in Indonesia. Suzuki GS150R The Suzuki GS150R is a 150cc bike from Suzuki Motorcycle India. The Suzuki GS150R was launched on November 2008and marked the entry of Suzuki Motorcycle India into the highly competitive 150 cc segment of the Indian two wheelers market. Suzuki Motorcycle India states that the bike falls in between the two classes of Indian 150 cc motorcycles, namely commuter class and premium class. The GS150R has a sixth gear for cruising on high-ways. The Bajaj Pulsar is a motorcycle brand owned by Bajaj Auto in India. The two wheeler was developed by the product engineering division of Bajaj Auto in association with Tokyo R&D, and later with motorcycle designer Glynn Kerr. Currently there are five variants available, with engine capacities of 135 cc, 150 cc, 180 cc, 200 cc, and 220 cc. With an average monthly sales of around 86,000 units in 2011, Pulsar claimed a 2011 market share of 47% in its segment. By April 2012, more than five million units of Pulsar were sold. The Bike was named after the Nissan Pulsar from 1978 to 2007. The F-Series is a series of full-size pickup trucks from Ford Motor Company which has been sold continuously for over six decades. The most popular variant of the F-Series is the F-150. It was the best-selling vehicle in the United States for 24 years, and the best-selling truck for 37 years. It was also the best selling vehicle in Canada, though this does not include combined sales of GM pickup trucks. In the tenth generation of the F-series, the F-250 and F-350 changed body style in 1998 and joined the Super Duty series. The Ford E-Series, formerly known as the Ford Econoline and Ford Club Wagon, is a line of full-size vans (both cargo and passenger) and truck chassis from the Ford Motor Company. The line was introduced in 1961 as a compact van and its descendants are still produced today. Although based on its own platform, since 1968, the E-Series has used many components from the F-Series line of pickup trucks. The Econoline is manufactured solely at Ford’s Ohio Assembly plant in Avon Lake, Ohio—after the closure of the Lorain, Ohio plant in December 2005 and the consolidation of all production at Avon Lake. As of the 2012 model year, the E-Series and the Transit Connect compact MPV (which debuted for the 2010 model year) are the only vans in the Ford lineup in North America. The Ford E-Series currently holds 79.6% of the full-size van market in the United States and since 1980, it has been the best selling American full-sized van. Ninety-five percent of van sales are to commercial or fleet-end users, about half are cargo vans. In early 2007, the E-Series was listed by Autodata as one of the top 20 best-selling vehicles in the United States, most likely due to fleet sales. Renowned German automotive manufacturer Mercedes Benz has produced several models with the150 designation including the Mercedes Benz A-150 and the Mercedes Benz B-150. Cesna C-150 The Cessna 150 is a typical example of the small piston-powered aircraft produced by the Cessna Aircraft Company, a general aviation aircraft manufacturing corporation headquartered in Wichita, Kansas, USA. Cessna also produces business jets. The company is a subsidiary of the U.S. conglomerate Textron. Gulfstream G150 The Gulfstream G100, formerly known as the Astra SPX, is an Israel Aircraft Industries-manufactured twin-engine business jet, now produced for Gulfstream Aerospace. Astra evolved from the Rockwell Jet Commander aircraft, for which IAI had purchased the manufacturing license in 1968, and the IAI Westwind. The Astra wing design was modified and with a completely new fuselage created the Galaxy (later the Gulfstream G200) business jet during the 1990s. In September 2002 Gulfstream announced the improved G150, based on the G100. This new variant was due in 2005. It has been FAA certified for steep approach. The United States Air Force designation for the G100 is C-38 Courier and it is used by the District of Columbia Air National Guard; by the United States Air Force with the 201st Airlift Squadron at Andrews Air Force Base in Maryland. The C-38 has replaced the earlier C-21 Learjet. The C-38 differs from the standard Gulfstream G100, featuring US military-grade GPS, Tactical Air Navigation, UHF and VHF secure command radio, and Identification friend or foe system USS Blakeley (DD–150) The second USS Blakeley (DD–150) was a Wickes-class destroyer in the United States Navy, named for Captain Johnston Blakeley. Built in 1918, she saw patrol duty along the East Coast of the United States during the interwar era. Decommissioned for several years, she returned to duty at the outset of World War II. She spent much of the war on convoy patrol duty in the Caribbean. On 25 May 1942, while on patrol, she was struck by a torpedo fired by German submarine U-156, which blew off her forward 60 feet (18 m). Fitted with temporary measures, she steamed to Philadelphia Naval Yard where she was fitted with the forward section of sister ship USS Taylor. She spent much of the rest of the war on convoy patrol duty before being sold for scrap in 1945. USS H-7 (SS-150) USS H-7 (SS-150) was an H-class submarine that served in active duty with the United States Navy from 1918-1922. The Imperial Russian Navy ordered 18 H-class submarines from the Electric Boat Company in 1915. Eleven were delivered, and served as the American Holland class submarines, but shipment of the final six was held up pending the outcome of the Russian Revolution of 1917, and the boats were stored in knockdown condition at Vancouver, British Columbia. All six were purchased by the U.S. Navy on 20 May 1918 and assembled at Puget Sound Navy Yard. H-7 was launched on 17 October 1918 and commissioned on 24 October with Lieutenant Edmund A. Crenshaw in command. The submarine, attached to Submarine Division 6 (SubDiv 6) and later to SubDiv 7, operated out of San Pedro, California, on various battle and training exercises with the other ships of her division. She also patrolled out of San Pedro with interruptions for overhaul at Mare Island. H-7 reached Norfolk on 14 September 1922, having sailed from San Pedro on 25 July, and decommissioned there on 23 October. Her name was struck from the Naval Vessel Register on 26 February 1931. She was sold for scrapping on 28 November 1933. USS Neunzer (DE-150) was an Edsall-class destroyer escort built for the U.S. Navy during World War II. She was named in honor of Machinist Weimar Edmund Neunzer, who was killed in action 2 July 1942 during the Aleutian Islands Campaign and was posthumously awarded the Air Medal. Designed to take the place of fleet destroyers on convoy duty, the destroyer escorts proved their worth in long miles of steaming on escort and antisubmarine duties. Their efforts played a major role in defeating German submarine depredations at a time when the U-boats were threatening to cut Allied supply lines. A-150 – The Batleship that never was. Design A-150, also known as the Super Yamato class,[A 1] was an Imperial Japanese plan for a class of battleships. Begun in 1938–39, the design was mostly complete by 1941. However, so that a demand for other types of warships could be met, all work on Design A-150 was halted and no keels were laid. Authors William H. Garzke and Robert O. Dulin have argued that Design A-150 would have been the “most powerful battleships in history” because of the massive size of their main battery of eight 510 mm (20 in) guns as well as numerous smaller caliber weapons T-150 Tank The T-150 is a Soviet tier 6 heavy tank and was a further development of the KV-1. The vehicle weighed as much as 50 tons. The T-150 underwent trials in the first half of 1941. A prototype fought in the battles for Leningrad, and became a basis for a modification of the KV-1 with reinforced armor. Despite its name, the T-150 is an upgraded KV-1. It has the same chassis and turret, with some notable improvements. Additional armor has been added to the hull, a considerably more powerful engine is available, and perhaps most importantly, it can mount the 107 mm ZiS-6 gun Cadillac Gage Commando The Cadillac Gage Commando is a 4×4 amphibious armored car built by the American firm Cadillac Gage. The vehicle has been outfitted for many roles, including armored personnel carrier, ambulance, fire apparatus, anti-tank vehicle, and mortar carrier. They saw service in the Vietnam war where it became known as the Duck, or the V. It was also supplied to many American allies, including Lebanon and Saudi Arabia which used them in the first major ground engagement of the Persian Gulf War. No longer produced, it has been largely replaced by the M1117 Armored Security Vehicle, which was developed as tougher alternative to up-armored Humvees. M150 (PAM) M150 Penetration Augmented Munition (PAM) is a portable explosive device developed for U.S. Army infantry units, especially for Special Operations Forces. It is mainly used to destroy massive concrete structures like bridge piers or bunker walls. Each device has a main high explosive charge and a two-stage, hole-drilling shaped charge. It is regarded as a high-precision blasting device rather than a simple bomb. M150 Rifle Combat Optic Due to the lack of lethality of the M16 and M4 at the increased ranges encountered in Afghanistan but you can’t hit what you can’t see. One of the Army’s answers to this quandary is the M150 Rifle Combat Optic (RCO) which is is designed to increase the probability of a first-round hit at distances up to 600 meters. The Puckle gun The Puckle gun (also known as the Defence gun) was invented in 1718 by James Puckle (1667–1724) a British inventor, lawyer and writer. It is a tripod-mounted, single-barreled flintlock weapon fitted with a multi-shot revolving cylinder. It was intended for shipboard use to prevent boarding. The barrel was 3 feet (0.91 m) long with a bore of 1.25 inches (32 mm). It had a pre-loaded cylinder which held 11 charges and could fire 63 shots in seven minutes—this at a time when the standard soldier’s musket could at best be loaded and fired three times per minute. Puckle demonstrated two versions of the basic design: one, intended for use against Christian enemies, fired conventional round bullets, while the second variant, designed to be used against the Muslim Turks, fired square bullets. The square bullets were considered to be more damaging. They would, according to the patent, convince the Turks of the “benefits of Christian civilization.” The square bullets, however, were discontinued due to their unpredictable flight pattern. The Puckle Gun drew few investors and never achieved mass production or sales to the British armed forces, mostly because British gunsmiths at the time could not easily make the weapon’s many complicated components. One newspaper of the period sarcastically observed, following the business venture’s failure, that the gun has “only wounded those who hold shares therein”. 150 couples In the fourth century BC, the most feared squad of the Theban army was made up of 150 homo-sexual couples. They were called the Sacred Band of Thebes, and were established by Gorgidas in 378-BC. His romantic idea was that lovers would fight more fiercely at each other’s sides than strangers. This notion proved highly successful until the Battle of Chaeronea (338-BC) when the Athenian-Theban army was overrun by Philip II of Macedon, father of Alexander the Great. Cities located on Longtitude 150°W: Anchorage and Fairbanks, Alaska; and, Papeete, French Polynesia; Cities located on Longtitude 150°E: Rockhampton, Queensland; and, Wollongong, New South Wales, Australia; Magadan, Russia; The world record for solving a Rubik’s cube is 7.08 seconds, held by 21-year-old Dutchman Erik Akkersdik, who has solved the puzzle with his feet in just 90 seconds; The total number of Power Stars in Super Mario 64 DS for the Nintendo DS; M-150 (energy drink), an energy drink from Thailand;	cc/2019-30/en_head_0021.json.gz/line12550
__label__wiki	0.611449	0.611449	'Barefoot Grannies' Light up Some of the World’s Poorest Villages Young men are being passed over in favour of their aging grandmothers who are being selected to travel from far-flung villages across the world to India, where they receive innovative training as solar engineers. A college in India is showing how educating some of the more elderly female members of rural communities in solar energy provision can be a savvy investment in the future, providing long-term sustainable energy solutions. “The view of Barefoot College is that men are untrainable,” smiled Kathrin Legg, President of the Friends of Barefoot College. “Once they have a certificate they will move away to the cities and leave the communities.” “Whereas grandmothers, they have their roots in the communities and as they often say, ‘Teach a grandmother, teach a community’,” she said. Barefoot College in India has been pioneering solar electrification in remote rural locations since 1989. To date, the college has trained over 850 solar engineers to bring sustainable light and electrification to impoverished villages across the world. In 2012, international nature conservation charity World Wide Fund for Nature (WWF) teamed up with the Barefoot College to promote access to sustainable energy in developing countries. Their first joint project ‘Turning Grandmothers into Solar Engineers’ was launched in Madagascar, where 80 percent of the population lives without electricity. To date, seven Malagasy grandmothers have completed their six-months of residential training in India and are now back home setting up solar panels that will provide their community with light long after the sun has set. According to Voahirana Randriambola from the WWF Madagascar and West Indian Ocean Programme Office, the women will install and maintain more than 380 solar systems in three different villages. "These villages are so isolated, they are unlikely to ever benefit from rural electricity programmes or be of any interest to the private sector,” said Ms Randriambola. “What we try to do is offer them an opportunity to gain access to a self-sustained electricity model, by the communities, for the communities. This is exactly the Barefoot College’s approach: where capacity development comes from the communities themselves.” “It is wrong to say illiterate people living in rural communities cannot develop themselves or count if they cannot write,” added Ms Randriambola. “They identify solutions themselves, but need a little help.” And this is where the Barefoot College comes in to provide the training these women need to light up their villages. In Madagascar, two women were chosen from each community. Before departing for India, they were given support to prepare them for what may well be the biggest journey of their life. Many of the women had not travelled far from their village before and certainly had no experience of international travel, airports or foreign languages. The college itself operates an innovative teaching method that uses sign language and basic English alongside specially developed and colour-coded equipment. “Most of the time there are classes of between 36 and 40 women and none of them actually speak English and all of them speak different languages, they come from all over the world,” said Ms Legg. If the women need spare parts they send back to the college, ensuring that the new pieces are appropriately colour-coded for slotting into place. The programme has been such a success that WWF are working with Barefoot College to collect funds for the creation of a regional training centre in Madagascar. A similar regional centre is going to be created by Barefoot on the Tanzanian island of Zanzibar to role out similar training programmes across Africa. Rural electrification through renewable and sustainable means, like solar, is not just a ‘green’ choice, according to Jean-Philippe Denruyter, WWF’s Manager, Global Renewable Energy Policy. “From an economic point of view,” said Mr Denruyter, “most of the solutions for rural access to electricity or sustainable energy is renewable. So we don’t necessarily need to lobby a lot of renewable energy when it comes to access to electricity.” “Centralised grids are not necessarily the solution. Most of the electricity to poor people will be decentralised in the future,” he continued. “With the fossil fuel prices being high right now, this really is the moment to change.” Leaders in some developing countries are too often focused on big-ticket projects, overlooking the potential benefits of small-scale, locally developed and managed renewable projects such as this. “There is a need for a shift,” said Mr Denruyter, “overwhelmingly we see it still a debate about grid extension, hydropower and diesel. And that needs to change.” On the eve of the 2013 European Development Days, held in Brussels from the 26-27 November, WWF staged a debate ‘Empowering African communities to sustainable energy access’. WWF used the event to showcase their activities with Barefoot College in Madagascar. Klaus Rudischhauser, Deputy Director General Policy and Thematic Coordination at the European Commission attended the event. According to Mr Rudischhauser, the EC is working to see how sustainable energy can be enshrined in future programming. “We do not know today how this can be integrated into a framework, but it is clear that energy and in particular sustainable, renewable energy, has to play a very important role in a future global framework,” he said. “These projects can tell us very important lessons of how to support sustainable energy delivery,” he said, “and what is essential to make it work.” “Access to energy is also an important topic discussed in New York in the ongoing work for post 2015 goals and targets replacing the Millenium Development Goals.” For Ms Randriambola, involvement in this project has changed her whole concept of how to go about a process of development. “This approach goes against traditional thought processes for people like me that have been to school and higher education,” said Ms Randriambola, who admits that many development projects in her experience focus too much on a top-down approach. “We should really be more open to what communities can do,” she said, “and truly listen for hidden potential and capabilities they don’t disclose.” You can watch Kathrin Legg’s video interview here, and Jean-Philippe Denruyter’s video interview here, in the Public Group on Energy. WWF hosted the ‘Turning Grandmothers into Solar Engineers’ 'lab' session at the EU Dev Days 2013. Please listen to the podcast here. This collaborative piece was drafted by Sarah Simpson with input from Stefania Campogianni, Camelia Paraschiv and support from the capacity4dev.eu Coordination Team. DISCLAIMER: This information is provided in the interests of knowledge sharing and capacity development and should not be interpreted as the official view of the European Commission, or any other organisation. Register or log in to comment Sarah Simpson Camelia Paraschiv Klaus Rudischhauser Stefania Campogianni Topics & Subtopics	cc/2019-30/en_head_0021.json.gz/line12551
__label__cc	0.605704	0.394296	© daniel schweinert dreamstime.com Electronics Production \| November 07, 2012 Most OEMs to reduce number of contract manufacturers Editor: Staff Editor More than half of all electronic original equipment manufacturers (OEM) worldwide plan to reduce the number of contract manufacturers they work with during the next year, according to IHS iSuppli. A total of 51 percent of OEMs, citing increased pressure to maintain profitability and streamline operations, said they would cut the overall number of outsourced manufacturing services providers with which they currently do business. “The IHS survey reveals that most OEMs want to trim their outsourced manufacturing supply base in order to bring down cost, with the consolidation of suppliers serving as the next biggest reason,” said Thomas J. Dinges, CFA, senior principal analyst for EMS & ODM research at IHS. ”While the impact of this trend is still to be determined, such a move by OEMs potentially could result in a reduction in the number of electronics manufacturing services (EMS), original design manufacturers (ODM) and joint design manufacturers (JDM) competing in the outsourced manufacturing business during the next 12 months.” On average, each OEM now works with eight outsourced manufacturing partners spanning EMS- , ODM- and/or JDM-type engagements, according to the survey. Outsourcing cost and labor issues In another major finding from the survey, most OEMs said they believe that outsourced manufacturers can help reduce costs—but the vast majority of respondents said they have no visibility into the cost structure of their EMS, ODM and JDM partners. Overall, the two most commonly cited changes that OEMs say they want to make with their outsourced manufacturing services providers during the next six months are lead-time reduction and price negotiation. Meanwhile in China, another issue seems to be requiring attention. Despite all the labor issues that have aired related to the country, almost half of OEMs there still don't require third-party audits of their outsourced manufacturing providers in order to ensure compliance with local labor laws.	cc/2019-30/en_head_0021.json.gz/line12552
__label__cc	0.707515	0.292485	Saint Paschal Baylon Saint Paschal Baylon (1540 – 1592) was born in Torre-Hermosa, a small town in the kingdom of Aragon, to devout, poor parents who were day labourers. Like his parents, he was also pious and devout. From an early age, he was employed as a shepherd and was often found praying on his knees while the animals grazed nearby. He practiced penance by walking barefoot on the rocky paths and gave alms by sharing his food with the needy. St Paschal was graced with a deep sense of justice and once offered to pay a farmer for the damages the animals he herded had caused to his crop. His family could not afford to send him to school, but he desired to know more about the saints and the spiritual life. He would, therefore, take a religious book with him to the pastures and ask passers-by to teach him the letters and words found in it. In this way he learned to read. St Paschal was such an upright person and competent worker that despite his poverty, one of his employers offered him his daughter’s hand in marriage. The saint, however, desired to enter a monastery and declined the offer. At the age of 24, he joined the reformed branch of the Franciscans. The superiors, seeing his potential, offered him the option of becoming a priest, but he declined and chose instead the humble life of a lay brother. As a religious, he increased his penances and prayers, and deepened his love for the Eucharist, often spending a good part of the night on his knees or prostrate before the tabernacle. He worked at different times as a cook, gardener, porter and official beggar. Later in life, he was sent to Paris by his superior. Part of the road he had to travel was under control of the Huguenots. Aware that he might be killed if he was known to be a Catholic brother, he nonetheless travelled in his habit (and went barefoot as an additional penance). During this journey, he was twice imprisoned and was once attacked and wounded on the shoulder. Even though he lost the full use of his arm as a result of this attack, he never uttered a word of complaint and would speak of it only if asked. St Paschal died at Villarreal, near Valencia, at the age of fifty-two. Multitudes flocked to the church where his body was exposed, and several miracles occurred by which God attested to the sanctity of His servant.	cc/2019-30/en_head_0021.json.gz/line12553
__label__wiki	0.647931	0.647931	Royce Expands Reach With Legg Mason-Sponsored Offering in Japan PR Newswire December 10, 2018 NEW YORK, Dec. 10, 2018 /PRNewswire/ -- Royce & Associates, LP, a small-cap specialist for more than 40 years, is subadvising a new portfolio—the Legg Mason Global Premier Small-Cap Equity Fund—the company's first product to be made available to Japanese investors. This new initiative builds on more than a decade of success sub-advising Legg Mason small-cap portfolios for non-U.S. investors, for whom Royce currently manages nearly $1.5 billion. The new portfolio is being launched in response to demand from Japanese investors seeking access to Royce's established expertise as a small-cap asset manager. Chris Clark, Royce's CEO, said, "We are very excited to be collaborating with our Legg Mason Japan colleagues to make our investment capabilities available to Japanese retail investors for the first time. Products that reach an international investor base are consistent with our strategic priority of expanding the availability of our investment expertise as the small-cap asset class continues to increase in importance in investors' global asset allocation decisions." The global portfolio invests in approximately 50-60 U.S. and non-U.S. small-cap companies using Royce's "Quality Premier" approach, which seeks companies that have high returns on capital and sustainable "moat-like" franchises while also exercising prudent capital allocation. The portfolio will be team managed by four of Royce's experienced portfolio managers—Steven McBoyle, David Nadel, Mark Rayner, and Lauren Romeo. Mr. Nadel and Mr. Rayner are currently portfolio managers on Royce International Premier Fund, while Mr. McBoyle and Ms. Romeo are portfolio managers on Royce Premier Fund. If you have any questions regarding this release, please call Investor Services at 1-800-221-4268. For more information on Royce & Associates, please visit www.roycefunds.com. About Royce & Associates, LP: Royce & Associates, LP, is a small-cap equity specialist offering distinct investment strategies with unique risk/return profiles designed to meet a variety of investors' needs. For more than 40 years, our strategies have focused on active, risk-conscious investing driven by deep, fundamental company research. Chuck Royce, the firm's founder and a pioneer of small-cap investing, enjoys one of the longest tenures in the industry. Royce & Associates, LP is a subsidiary of Legg Mason Inc. (LM). Royce Fund Services, LLC, the Fund's distributor, is a member of FINRA and the SIPC. View original content:http://www.prnewswire.com/news-releases/royce-expands-reach-with-legg-mason-sponsored-offering-in-japan-300762635.html	cc/2019-30/en_head_0021.json.gz/line12556
__label__cc	0.545244	0.454756	Insurance Cover for Refugees in Iran Iran has set an example, globally, by including all refugees into its ‘Salamat’ (health) Insurance Scheme that will provide all registered Afghan and Iraqi refugees with health insurance services similar to that of its own nationals. A tripartite agreement to this effect was signed between the Bureau for Aliens and Foreign Immigrants’ Affairs (BAFIA) of the Ministry of Interior, the Iranian Health Insurance Organization (IHIO Salamat) and the United Nations High Commissioner for Refugees. It will soon be implemented. All registered refugees residing in Iran will now have access to the Salamat scheme and benefit from a health insurance package for hospitalization on par with the scheme available to Iranians. Furthermore, refugees suffering from special diseases (hemophilia, thalassemia, dialysis, kidney transplant and Multiple Sclerosis) will benefit from the basic insurance package that includes all hospitalization, temporary hospitalization and para-clinical services, unhcr.org reported. Beneficiaries of this scheme will have a contribution to the funding; however the Iranian government “is generously covering half of the real monthly costs of the insurance premium. This is further complemented by a UNHCR contribution of $8.3 million for a six-month period.” Refugees often face financial challenges in healthcare, in particular when surgery or hospitalization is involved. Inclusion of refugees in this scheme ensures that such challenges could be overcome to a considerable extent. Sivanka Dhanapala, UNHCR representative in Iran, expressed the refugee agency’s gratitude towards the government for the services it has rendered to the largest protracted urban refugee population in the world for over three decades, and inclusion of the refugees “in this national insurance scheme which is exemplary not only regionally but also globally.” Such services haven’t been provided before and “I sincerely hope other countries will follow Iran’s example,” he added. Health Insurance for Refugees Minister Reprimands UNHCR for Neglecting Afghan Plight BAFIA Reports on Healthcare, Education for Afghan Refugees Hepatitis Screening for Afghan Refugees Appeal for Sustainable Repatriation of Refugees You can also read ... $105m for Expanding Tehran Public Transport July 17,2019 17:51	cc/2019-30/en_head_0021.json.gz/line12558
__label__cc	0.533279	0.466721	Africa Wedged Between India and China If it was a good summit then everybody benefits. But the India-Africa summit this week had a blemish: it was not a meeting among equals, DW reported. As it turned out, the timing was perfect for India. This huge Africa summit–the largest gathering of African leaders outside Africa–was postponed because of the Ebola epidemic. It took place in October. Why was this so important for India? Because South Africa is hosting a China-Africa summit at the beginning of December and the Indian hosts would have been most disappointed if their neighbors had once again sneaked ahead of them in the new “scramble for Africa.” China’s trade with Africa already totals some $70 billion, which is three times India’s trade with the continent. Despite the opulent festivities in New Delhi which accompanied the 3rd India-Africa Forum Summit, and the reminders of how much Africa and India have in common, it was evident that the Indian tiger can be just as pragmatic as the Chinese dragon when crafting relations with the African lion. India needs support for its campaign to reform the United Nations (it would like a permanent seat on the UN Security Council); it needs backing at the climate summit in Paris and allies in combating global terror and fighting piracy at sea. India would like to be able to count on Africa as a strategic partner at the upcoming World Trade Organization negotiations (which are taking place in Nairobi in December). Africa has much to gain if it were to agree on common positions over trade, security cooperation, climate protection and South-South cooperation with India. Before the summit, Indian commentators had expressed surprise at the lack of African enthusiasm for the meeting and, incidentally, at the lack of preparation for it as well. More seasoned observers were not surprised. South Africa exports coal to India in vast quantities. But that African nation, which has an ethnic Indian population of 1.3 million, has yet to properly exploit its potential for trade and knowledge transfer. he same must also be said of the BRICS group of nations (Brazil, Russia, India, China and South Africa). Commodity Exporter Africa continues to export raw materials. Its diamonds, minerals and crude oil are processed elsewhere and then–in part–reimported as mostly poor quality goods. This is not the fault of India or China, but of Nigeria and South Africa. South Africa produces 90% of the world’s platinum output but only a tiny percentage of the catalytic convertors which are dependent on the metal for their manufacture. This is one example among many. With a barely disguised dig at the Chinese, India’s Prime Minister Narendra Modi said his country wanted to invest in Africa so the snow on Kilimanjaro wouldn’t melt. But after four days of meetings involving 1,000 delegates, the Africans tended to believe that the Indians may be a little less slippery than the Chinese, or at least they gave the appearance of being so. It should also be mentioned that the Indian oil concern ONGC owns oil fields in Sudan and evidently sees Africa as a potential growth area. Manifold Growth in India-Africa Trade Modi Embarks on Development Diplomacy in Africa BRICS Countries Urge UNSC Reform, Cooperation on Terrorism S. Africa Faces Tough Year BRICS Summit to Focus on Promoting Growth High Hopes on BRICS Recovery	cc/2019-30/en_head_0021.json.gz/line12559
__label__cc	0.687578	0.312422	First Karen Baptist Church A Blossoming Group The Karen Church is a fellowship of Karen and other Burmese believers that previously met in the facilities of First Baptist Church. We were two congregations but one church. Rev. Zabiak Cung Biaka and Rev. Len Niawn Thang are their guiding pastors. The fellowship numbers around 120 people and is growing. They now meet in their own church building located at 2625 12th Avenue here in Regina. Their mission is to strengthen their members to be faithful servants for Christ. They are at the forefront of efforts to establish a cross-Canada fellowship of Karen believers. In 2005 First Baptist Church was invited to assist 200 people from refugee camps in Thailand to resettle in Canada (see here). These people are from the Karen cultural group, the group most persecuted by the regime in Burma/Myanmar. Many have lost friends and family members in the ongoing persecution and have fled to live in the dangerous jungles or refugee camps (see 1, 2, 3). About 120 of this group are now part of New Friends in Christ. Since arriving, the Karen people have been upgrading their English, education and occupational skills and are now productive members of the community (see 1). With great joy we have shared in shared in births, marriages, baptisms, educational achievements, and starting the road to citizenship. Even Earlier Beginnings Rev. Adoniram Judson (1788-1850) was the first Baptist missionary to leave from North America (1812) for unreached lands. His work in Burma was carried on by one of his early Karen converts – Ko Tha Byu, known as the Karen Apostle. Within 25 years there were 12,000 disciples. These are the forebears of the modern Karen Christians. See also the Wikipedia article. Welcome – Difference Our Neighbourhood Global Neighbourhood Karen Church	cc/2019-30/en_head_0021.json.gz/line12562
__label__cc	0.632279	0.367721	Capitalist Globalism “Citizen of the world,” as I have explained, was a phrase picked up from the Stoics and adopted by intellectuals like Voltaire and Adam Smith. The coupling of Adam Smith with Voltaire is bound to annoy “conservative” defenders of capitalist ideology, but a few words on his globalist tendencies may help to explain why Republicans were so quick to condemn any attempt to defend the American people from predatory multi-national corporations. Smith is frequently invoked as the godfather of the free-trade globalism advocated by both American political parties today, and although this is hardly fair to a man who wrote of the wealth of nations and not of global corporations, we should not be too quick to exonerate him. Smith’s Impartial Spectator—the suprahuman conscience that rises above all personal concerns and judges them objectively—gives off a decidedly universalist and globalist odor. And what of the mysterious mechanism that Smith uses in The Wealth of Nations to explain the workings of the market—the Invisible Hand? Smith argues that every individual “endeavours as much as he can both to employ his capital in the support of domestic industry and so to direct that industry that its produce may be of the greatest value.” This selfish activity thus raises the overall income of the society and contributes to the greater good. How does this miracle take place? The individual who intends only personal gain “is …led by an invisible hand to promote an end which was no part of his intention.” In The Theory of Moral Sentiments Smith had anticipated this argument: “The rich … are led by an invisible hand to make nearly the same distribution of the necessaries of life, which would have been made, had the earth been divided into equal portions among all its inhabitants, and thus without intending it, without knowing it, advance the interest of the society, and afford means to the multiplication of the species. When providence divided the earth among a few lordly masters, it neither forgot nor abandoned those who seemed to have been left out in the partition. These last too enjoy their share of all that it produces. In what constitutes the real happiness of human life, they are in no respect inferior to those who would seem so much above them. In ease of body and peace of mind, all the different ranks of life are nearly upon a level, and the beggar, who suns himself by the side of the highway, possesses that security which kings are fighting for.” (TMS IV.1.10) Smith’s latterday disciples, prone to interpret any invocation of God or even nature as Christian, are usually uncomfortable with the invisible hand, which they insist is merely a metaphor for competition and market forces, but they need not worry about any particles of faith lurking in the recesses of the canny Scotsman’s mind. Indeed, from the Christian perspective, Smith’s famous invisible hand looks to be either mysticism or deceit. Deceit, because despite all the defenses made of Smith by American conservatives, he is clearly not an Orthodox Trinitarian Christian. That is clear from the decidedly ideologlical account he put out of the peaceful and saintly death of David Hume, which occasioned the famous interchange between Smith and Dr. Johnson: “Sir, you lie,” declared the Doctor, to which Smith replied: “You are a son of a bitch.” As it turns out, Johnson was probably right about Hume’s death being something less saintly than than Stoic resignation. A servant of Hume is known to have said more than once that her master was only calm in the presence of visitors, but was in great distress as soon as they left. Like other religious skeptics (Lincoln, for example) Smith likes to invoke the deity or providence as the ultimate justification for his views, but he never invokes Christ—except to misquote or misinterpret him—and only speaks of religion per se in deprecating tones. H e was also no mystic, but, despite his cautionary remarks on Epictetus, he had been powerfully influenced by ancient Stoics and their famous doctrine that one should live according to nature. This nature was a rational cosmological system—the logos, a cosmic fire. To live according to nature means ultimately to despise all those things that are personal and peculiar—distinctions of rank or nationality—and the Stoic goal was to be a cosmopolites, a citizen of the world. Adam Smith, philosophically if not politically, was an “enlightened” globalist. First, he invokes the impartial spectator as a means of rising above the personal and local point of view, and then he turns to the invisible hand as a force of nature—or the deity, if you prefer—that turns unregulated international trade and global commerce to the advantage of the human race. Even if it were to fail, from time to time, Smith’s theory would make those failures trivial in comparison with the cosmic order that makes everything turn out for the best. This is the point at which Leibniz’s argument that this is the best of all possible worlds converges with Scotland’s residual Calvinism that denied all secondary causes and attributed everything that happens, including apparent evil, to the direct will of God. It is easy to see, then, that from the perspective of the postmodern West, the two dominant political ideologies—Dictatorial Marxism and Democratic Capitalism—are strongly tilted away from the petty concerns of family, tribe, and nation, in the direction of a global order, whether that order is represented by the Armed Forces of NATO and the United Nations, as they make war on little nations that make the mistake of standing up for their own interests, or the World Trade Organization and other tools of multi-national capitalism, relentlessly seeking the destruction of small businesses and communities. Stoic nature seems rather unnatural. It would be a bit off topic to explore what they meant by nature, but it was a development from Plato and Aristotle. In everyday English we tend to think of nature either in Wordsworthian terms–trees, flowers, etc.–or as the object of scientific study. The primary Greek conception of physis derives from a verbal root that refers both to existence and growth. For the early Greek philosophers known as “physicists,” nature was what is and the way things really are, and the way things really are does not always correspond to our perception of them. For the Stoics, nature is the well-organized kosmos or universe, and through reason and the practice of virtue we can live in accordance with this vast system. It was as obvious to them as it is to us that different sorts of beings–plants, cows, lions–lived by different rules and patterns. Man as the highest organic being had the capacity to rise to the greatest height of understanding and conduct, thus in one sense to live according to nature meant to lead a life of virtue. The problem with Stoicism was not their conception of nature but t heir tendency toward extremism–only the perfectly wise and good man (a great saint) could be considered good or virtuous. A basically good man, who took care of his family, fought for his country, obeyed the laws, helped his friends, could not be considered virtuous or wise, so long as he had a touch of folly or vice. Their opponents never ceased to ridicule the Stoics for this position, though it was modified to a great extent to suit the more pragmatic Roman character. Next story Take Five: Jerry Springer and Moral Responsibility Previous story Trump-Putin Summit on Elbe Day 2020? The Fleming Foundation > FF > Free Content > Capitalist Globalism	cc/2019-30/en_head_0021.json.gz/line12563
__label__wiki	0.93283	0.93283	Home / Movie Database / Batman Returns Purchase Blu-ray \| Digital HD Writers: Bob Kane, Daniel Waters, Sam Hamm Michael Keaton, Danny DeVito, Michelle Pfeiffer, Christopher Walken, Andrew Bryniarski, Pat Hingle, Michael Gough, Cristi Conaway Released: Friday, June 19, 1992 Studio: Warner Bros. Genre: Sci-Fi/Fantasy, Action/Adventure Rating: Some material may be inappropriate for children under 13. Gotham City faces two monstrous criminal menaces: the bizarre, sinister Penguin (Danny DeVito) and the slinky, mysterious Catwoman (Michelle Pfeiffer). Can Batman (Michael Keaton) battle two formidable foes at once? Especially when one wants to be mayor and the other is romantically attracted to Bruce Wayne! Like the groundbreaking 1989 original, Batman Returns is directed by the wizardly Tim Burton. And like the first blockbuster, it's a dazzling adventure that leaves you breathless. Purchase your copy of Batman Returns today at Download Batman Returns in Digital HD from the iTunes store. Listen to the Batman Returns soundtrack on Apple Music. Batman Returns images are © Warner Bros.. All Rights Reserved. The Dark Knight Coming Back to IMAX Theatres for Batman's 80th A... 3/14/2019 10:52 AM EDT To commemorate the 80th anniversary of Batman, Warner Bros. will be returning all three "Dark Knight" films to IMAX theatres. Jeff Goldstein, President, Domestic Distribution, Warner Bros. Pictures, made the announcement."Christopher Nolan broke new ground with the ‘Dark Knight' Trilogy, and this is a rare chance for today's audiences to experience these extraordinary films as they were meant to b... More>> Batman's 80th Anniversary Events Announced Around the Globe 3/7/2019 4:04 PM EDT Batman will turn 80 this year, and celebrations for the event are being announced.On March 30, DC Comics will hold a "Happy Birthday Batman" panel at WonderCon, which takes place in Anaheim, with tie-in events that will be held at this year's ComicCon in SanDiego. To celebrate Batman Day on September 21, more events will be held, such as a 5K and 10K cosplay run and a display of Bat-signals in cit... More>> Imax to Release The Dark Knight for 10th Anniversary 7/18/2018 2:01 PM EDT In honor of its 10th anniversary, Imax will be releasing The Dark Knight on its screens next month. Beginning on August 24, fans can take advantage of seeing the film in this giant format for one week at Imax theaters in Los Angeles, New York, San Francisco and Toronto.The film, which starred Christian Bale as Batman/Bruce Wayne, was originally released July 18, 2008 and brought the world a legend... More>> Hangover Director Todd Phillips Working on Joker Origin Film 8/23/2017 11:02 AM EDT Rumors have been swirling about a possible Joker origin film being in the works. According to reports, "The Hangover" director Todd Phillips is currently in talks to direct and co-write the film. It is also said that Martin Scorcese could be involved with the project as well. Origin films have become quite popular in recent years and the Joker would be perfect for such a platform. The character ... More>> Matt Reeves Signs on to Direct The Batman 2/23/2017 2:53 PM EDT In a seemingly never ending saga, Matt Reeves has officially signed on to direct "The Batman".Ben Affleck, who stars as Batman, was originally set to direct the film, but stepped back so that he could focus more on his starring role. Reeves was then offered the job, and negotiations started taking place. Just last week, however, it was announced that negotiations had been put on hold, but that th... More>> The Batman Still Looking for a Director 2/20/2017 8:55 AM EDT "The Batman", which will star Ben Affleck as the Caped Crusader, has suffered another setback in production, according to reports. This time, the issue lies with the negotiations between Warner Bros. and Matt Reeves for the role of directing the film.Ben Affleck was to direct "The Batman", as well as star, but had stepped out of the director's chair last month to focus more on his acting role. He ... More>> Ben Affleck Steps Down from Directing The Batman 1/30/2017 10:20 PM EDT Ben Affleck has decided that he will be stepping down from directing his upcoming film tentatively titled The Batman.Affleck said in a statement, "There are certain characters who hold a special place in the hearts of millions. Performing this role demands focus, passion and the very best performance I can give. It has become clear that I cannot do both jobs to the level they require. Together wit... More>> Ben Affleck Says Batman Film is "Right on Track" 12/14/2016 11:58 AM EDT Ben Affleck was out recently, speaking about his upcoming film, Live by Night, in which he starred as well as directed, produced and wrote the script. He briefly discussed his other, more high profile film to be released, The Batman."We're on the right track with that and everything is coming together. We're still finishing up a script. I'm very excited", said Affleck.Doing a Batman film is a pre... More>> LexCorp Industries Releases Statement Regarding Future of Company 4/1/2016 10:59 AM EDT Warner Bros and DC have brought their universe to our world with the creation of a LexCorp Industries Instagram page, which you can access here. The company has posted the following:"Due to unfortunate circumstances, LexCorp Industries will be temporarily suspending it's global operations. When interviewed about his actions against a fallen alien, Lex Luthor responded with; "Ding, ding, ding, din... More>> Hans Zimmer to Retire from Superhero Film Work 3/31/2016 3:47 PM EDT Hans Zimmer has announced that he will no longer be writing scores for superhero films. Zimmer definitely won't be retiring altogether, so not to worry, folks.Zimmer said, "I have officially retired from the superhero business. I did Batman Begins with [Christopher Nolan] 12 years ago, so The Dark Knight trilogy might be three movies to you - to me it was 11 years of my life."Not only did he com... More>> Ben Affleck Has Written a Batman Script 3/31/2016 10:58 AM EDT Ben Affleck is no stranger to screenwriting, even having earned an Academy Award for "Good Will Hunting". Well, now, Affleck has taken on a project close to his heart - a solo Batman film."He's contracted to do at least Justice League One and Two, so at least three times wearing the cape", said WME-IMG's co-CEO Patrick Whitesell in a recent interview. He added, "there's a script that he's writte... More>> It's a Family Affair in Batman: Bad Blood 2/2/2016 10:32 AM EDT Batman has always been the shinning light of hope for Gotham City, but what if the unthinkable happens and Batman is hurt or killed? How would Gotham survive without their hero? Batman: Bad Blood hopes to answer this question, and more, in this latest film from Warner Bros. Animation.While the iconic crime fighter's name is featured in the title of the film, we don't actually get to see much Batma... More>> Batman Returns 4K Ultra HD Review After the success of 1989's Batman and Tim Burton (Edward Scissorhands) and Michael Keaton's (Spotlight) ability to reboot and reinvigorate the entire franchise, Warner Bros. continued with a second installment in 1992 called Batman Returns. The darker, more sinister vibe that Burton brought to the story appealed to fans and mere moviegoers alike and set the tone for Batman Returns. The sequel made 120 million dollars worldwide on an 80 million dollar budget and earned mainly favorable comments from critics. As the 1989 Batman is celebrating its 30-year anniversary, Warner Bros. has released four films, including Batman Returns, in 4k. While Barman Returns is technically a sequel, the story and characters make it unique enough to be a standalone film. We see billionaire Bruce Wayne (a.k.a Batman) running a successful company by day and capture criminal by night. Meanwhile, "The Penguin" (Danny DeVito; It's Always Sunny in Philadelphia) emerges from the sewer system supposedly to find who he is and where his parents are. He is given access to Gotham City's records and spends days looking for the truth discovering that his real name is Oswald Cobblepot, While his request seems innocent enough he has an ulterior motive for gaining access to the records. As Oswald team with businessman Max Shreck (Christopher Walken; The Deer Hunter) who suggests he run for Mayor of Gotham, Oswald plots is revenge on the wealthy citizens of his fair city. Just as things can't seem to get much worse for Batman, another villain makes her appearance in the form of a Cat Woman in a skin-tight costume (Michelle Pfeiffer; Ant-Man and the Wasp). As Bruce Wayne and Catwoman's alter ego, Selina Kyle, get closer things in Gotham's underworld become a game of cat and mouse to try and stop Oswald, Max, and Catwoman from destroying Bruce's beloved City If possible, Keaton is even better on the second go around in his portrayal of the Dark Knight. He seems even more comfortable in the role than he did the first time, which may have something to do with the success of the first film. DeVito is brilliant as the awkward "penguin man" who was thrown away by his parents as an infant because they couldn't handle his disfigurement. Walken is perfectly cast as one of the villains in this evil triangle and you can see Burton's influence over the Look and feel of Max. Pfeiffer rounds out this trifecta of meanness with her take on on Catwoman. She blends sex appeal and brains to combine into a lethal dose. The movie is presented in 2160p high definition video quality and Warner Bros did a great job with this transfer. Details are sharp and clean which makes for a much better viewing experience, while dark tones are deep and true. The Dolby Atmos audio is really a step up and envelopes the audience in all the sounds the film offers. The extras in this combo pack are the same from the previous Blu-ray release and include: Audio Commentary by Director Tim Burton, The Bat, the Cat and the Penguin, Shadows of the Bat: The Cinematic Saga of the Dark Knight Pt. 4: The Dark Side of the Knight, Batman Returns: The Heroes, Batman Returns: The Villains; Beyond Batman, Music Video "Face to Face" by Siouxsie and the Banshees, and the Theatrical Trailer. The beauty of this movie is definitely the villains. From DeVito and Walken to Pfeiffer, they all bring their A game and it pays off with three meaty, evildoers to sink your teeth into. Keaton is just as good as his first time but his performance is enhanced by these terrific actors and the roles they were given. I can't recommend buying this 4K release… on its own. You will need to buy all four to really experience the series as it was meant to be seen. Grade: B+ -- Allison Skornick-Rose For more reviews please visit our film/television review section. Dark Crimes WAS: $12.99 NOW: $4.99 Terminator: The Sarah Connor Chronicles WAS: $9.99 NOW: $4.99 Black Lightning WAS: $24.99 NOW: $4.99 Chappaquiddick WAS: $14.99 NOW: $4.99 Supergirl WAS: $29.99 NOW: $4.99 Log Into Your FlickDirect Account To select a favorite film or television show you must first log into your FlickDirect Account. Please click here to log in, or click here to register for a free account.	cc/2019-30/en_head_0021.json.gz/line12565
__label__wiki	0.550689	0.550689	Just Some Jams... the salt flats :: ‘never going back again’ There was a piece I read via The Wild Honey Pie last week, a piece about the writer having revisited Fleetwood Mac’s perfect Rumours album. The writer talked about how falling in love with that album gave her a greater understanding of her mother, who had once fallen in love with it, too. It reminded me of my own relationship with my mother, of riding to the grocery store with her as she blasted it and as I whined about it. As she vacuumed the house with those songs (the ones you never hear on the radio) blasting out of a record player hid behind the front door. She used to mom dance to those songs; she’d snap her fingers and bob weirdly in the living room, fully immersed in Fleetwood Mac. It was a weird mom thing to me then. And then I grew up and realized my musical shit (New Kids on the Block, I’m looking at you) could never come close to competing with the awesomeness of her musical shit. I remember when Fleetwood Mac did a reunion tour when I was in the last throes of high school and my sister and I both started to get it, falling in love with the band as my mother looked on at us with face that said, “I fucking told you so”. Obviously, I love Fleetwood Mac. To me, it is sacrilege to cover their songs, just because it’s so damn near impossible to do them justice. Songs like “Second Hand News”, “I Don’t Wanna Know”, and the following are too perfect to me to allow a covered version of the original into my ears. That said. The Salt Flats have accomplished the near impossible. It takes a certain kind of voice to cover Fleetwood and a certain cadence and unique quality of a musical arrangement to make it work. After reading that Wild Honey Pie piece, I took a minute to peruse the “Fleetwood Mac” tag at bandcamp. In four pages of utter shit was this buried gem. It is perfect and I love it and I don’t want to slay this band for having covered “Never Going Back Again” because it’s obvious they’d loved it enough to do it proper justice. The Salts Fleetwood Mac Songs EP is available as a free download via Bandcamp. WHOA. DOWNLOAD The Fleetwood Mac Songs EP :: FACEBOOK Never Going Back Again The Salt Flats	cc/2019-30/en_head_0021.json.gz/line12566
__label__wiki	0.801235	0.801235	Afroyim v. Rusk "Afroyim" redirects here. For the artist and ex-wife of plaintiff-appellant Beys Afroyim, see Soshana Afroyim. Afroyim v. Rusk, 387 U.S. 253 (1967),[1] is a major United States Supreme Court case in which the Court ruled that citizens of the United States may not be deprived of their citizenship involuntarily.[2][3] The U.S. government had attempted to revoke the citizenship of Beys Afroyim, a man born in Poland, because he had cast a vote in an Israeli election after becoming a naturalized U.S. citizen. The Supreme Court decided that Afroyim's right to retain his citizenship was guaranteed by the Citizenship Clause of the Fourteenth Amendment to the Constitution. In so doing, the Court struck down a federal law mandating loss of U.S. citizenship for voting in a foreign election—thereby overruling one of its own precedents, Perez v. Brownell (1958), in which it had upheld loss of citizenship under similar circumstances less than a decade earlier. Decided May 29, 1967 Full case name Beys Afroyim v. Dean Rusk, Secretary of State 387 U.S. 253 (more) 87 S. Ct. 1660; 18 L. Ed. 2d 757; 1967 U.S. LEXIS 2844 250 F. Supp. 686 (S.D.N.Y. 1966); 361 F.2d 102 (2nd Cir. 1966); certiorari granted, 385 U.S. 917 (1966) Congress has no power under the Constitution to revoke a person's U.S. citizenship unless he voluntarily relinquishes it. In particular, citizenship may not be revoked as a consequence of voting in a foreign election. Court membership Earl Warren Associate Justices Hugo Black · William O. Douglas Tom C. Clark · John M. Harlan II William J. Brennan Jr. · Potter Stewart Byron White · Abe Fortas Case opinions Black, joined by Warren, Douglas, Brennan, Fortas Harlan, joined by Clark, Stewart, White Laws applied Nationality Act of 1940; U.S. Const. amends. V, XIV This case overturned a previous ruling or rulings Perez v. Brownell (1958) A 1961 letter from the U.S. Immigration and Naturalization Service reporting Beys Afroyim's loss of citizenship The Afroyim decision opened the way for a wider acceptance of dual (or multiple) citizenship in United States law.[4] The Bancroft Treaties—a series of agreements between the United States and other nations which had sought to limit dual citizenship following naturalization—were eventually abandoned after the Carter administration concluded that Afroyim and other Supreme Court decisions had rendered them unenforceable. The impact of Afroyim v. Rusk was narrowed by a later case, Rogers v. Bellei (1971), in which the Court determined that the Fourteenth Amendment safeguarded citizenship only when a person was born or naturalized in the United States, and that Congress retained authority to regulate the citizenship status of a person who was born outside the United States to an American parent. However, the specific law at issue in Rogers v. Bellei—a requirement for a minimum period of U.S. residence that Bellei had failed to satisfy—was repealed by Congress in 1978. As a consequence of revised policies adopted in 1990 by the United States Department of State, it is now (in the words of one expert) "virtually impossible to lose American citizenship without formally and expressly renouncing it."[5] Early history of United States citizenship lawEdit Citizenship in the United States has historically been acquired in one of three ways: by birth in the United States (jus soli, "right of the soil");[6] by birth outside the United States to an American parent (jus sanguinis, "right of the blood");[7] or by immigration to the United States followed by naturalization.[8] In 1857, the Supreme Court held in Dred Scott v. Sandford[9] that African slaves, former slaves, and their descendants were not eligible to be citizens.[10] After the Civil War (1861–65) and the resulting abolition of slavery in the United States, steps were taken to grant citizenship to the freed slaves. Congress first enacted the Civil Rights Act of 1866, which included a clause declaring "all persons born in the United States and not subject to any foreign power" to be citizens.[11] Even as the Civil Rights Act was being debated in Congress, its opponents argued that the citizenship provision was unconstitutional.[12] In light of this concern, as well as to protect the new grant of citizenship for former slaves from being repealed by a later Congress,[13] the drafters of the Fourteenth Amendment to the Constitution included a Citizenship Clause, which would entrench in the Constitution (and thereby set beyond the future reach of Congress or the courts) a guarantee of citizenship stating that "All persons born or naturalized in the United States, and subject to the jurisdiction thereof, are citizens of the United States".[14] The Fourteenth Amendment—including the Citizenship Clause—was ratified by state legislatures and became a part of the Constitution in 1868.[15] Loss of United States citizenshipEdit The Constitution does not specifically deal with loss of citizenship. An amendment proposed by Congress in 1810—the Titles of Nobility Amendment—would, if ratified, have provided that any citizen who accepted any "present, pension, office or emolument" from a foreign country, without the consent of Congress, would "cease to be a citizen of the United States"; however, this amendment was never ratified by a sufficient number of state legislatures and, as a result, never became a part of the Constitution.[16] Official record of Beys Afroyim's U.S. naturalization in 1926 Ever since the affirmation by Congress, in the Expatriation Act of 1868, that individuals had an inherent right to expatriation (giving up of citizenship),[17] it has historically been accepted that certain actions could result in loss of citizenship. This possibility was noted by the Supreme Court in United States v. Wong Kim Ark, an 1898 case involving a man born in the United States to Chinese parents who were legally domiciled in the country. After ruling in this case that Wong was born a U.S. citizen despite his Chinese ancestry, the Court went on to state that his birthright citizenship "[had] not been lost or taken away by anything happening since his birth."[18] The Nationality Act of 1940[19] provided for loss of citizenship based on foreign military or government service, when coupled with citizenship in that foreign country. This statute also mandated loss of citizenship for desertion from the U.S. armed forces, remaining outside the United States in order to evade military service during wartime, or voting in a foreign election.[20] The provision calling for loss of citizenship for foreign military service was held by the Supreme Court not to be enforceable without proof that said service had been voluntary, in a 1958 case (Nishikawa v. Dulles),[21] and revocation of citizenship as a punishment for desertion was struck down that same year in another case (Trop v. Dulles).[22] However, in yet another 1958 case (Perez v. Brownell),[23] the Supreme Court affirmed the provision revoking the citizenship of any American who had voted in an election in a foreign country, as a legitimate exercise (under the Constitution's Necessary and Proper Clause) of Congress' authority to regulate foreign affairs and avoid potentially embarrassing diplomatic situations.[24][25] Associate Justice Felix Frankfurter, the author of the opinion of the Court (supported by a 5–4 majority), wrote that: ... the activities of the citizens of one nation when in another country can easily cause serious embarrassments to the government of their own country as well as to their fellow citizens. We cannot deny to Congress the reasonable belief that these difficulties might well become acute, to the point of jeopardizing the successful conduct of international relations, when a citizen of one country chooses to participate in the political or governmental affairs of another country. The citizen may by his action unwittingly promote or encourage a course of conduct contrary to the interests of his own government; moreover, the people or government of the foreign country may regard his action to be the action of his government, or at least as a reflection if not an expression of its policy.... It follows that such activity is regulable by Congress under its power to deal with foreign affairs.[26] In a dissenting opinion, Chief Justice Earl Warren argued that "Citizenship is man's basic right, for it is nothing less than the right to have rights" and that "a government of the people cannot take away their citizenship simply because one branch of that government can be said to have a conceivably rational basis for wanting to do so."[27] While Warren was willing to allow for loss of citizenship as a result of foreign naturalization or other actions "by which [an American] manifests allegiance to a foreign state [which] may be so inconsistent with the retention of [U.S.] citizenship as to result in loss of that status",[28] he wrote that "In specifying that any act of voting in a foreign political election results in loss of citizenship, Congress has employed a classification so broad that it encompasses conduct that fails to show a voluntary abandonment of American citizenship."[29][30] Two Supreme Court decisions after Perez called into question the principle that loss of citizenship could occur even without the affected individual's intent. In Kennedy v. Mendoza-Martinez (1963),[31] the Court struck down a law revoking citizenship for remaining outside the United States in order to avoid conscription into the armed forces. Associate Justice William J. Brennan (who had been in the majority in Perez) wrote a separate opinion concurring with the majority in Mendoza-Martinez and expressing reservations about Perez. In Schneider v. Rusk (1964),[32] where the Court invalidated a provision revoking the citizenship of naturalized citizens who returned to live permanently in their countries of origin, Brennan recused himself and did not participate in the decision of the case.[33] Beys AfroyimEdit A 1947 photo of Beys Afroyim and his infant son Amos Beys Afroyim (born Ephraim Bernstein, 1893?–1984) was an artist and active communist.[34] Various sources state that he was born in either 1893[33][35][36] or 1898,[37] and either in Poland generally,[36] specifically in the Polish town of Ryki,[33][35] or in Riga, Latvia[37] (then part of the Russian Empire). In 1912, Afroyim immigrated to the United States, and on June 14, 1926, he was naturalized as a U.S. citizen.[37][38] He studied at the Art Institute of Chicago, as well as the National Academy of Design in New York City, and he was commissioned to paint portraits of George Bernard Shaw, Theodore Dreiser, and Arnold Schoenberg.[33] In 1949, Afroyim left the United States and settled in Israel, together with his wife and former student Soshana (an Austrian artist).[33] In 1960, following the breakdown of his marriage, Afroyim decided to return to the United States,[39] but the State Department refused to renew his U.S. passport, ruling that because Afroyim had voted in the 1951 Israeli legislative election, he had lost his citizenship under the provisions of the Nationality Act of 1940.[40] A letter certifying Afroyim's loss of citizenship was issued by the Immigration and Naturalization Service (INS) on January 13, 1961.[37] Afroyim challenged the revocation of his citizenship. Initially, he claimed that he had not in fact voted in Israel's 1951 election, but had entered the polling place solely in order to draw sketches of voters casting their ballots. Afroyim's initial challenge was rejected in administrative proceedings in 1965. He then sued in federal district court, with his lawyer agreeing to a stipulation that Afroyim had in fact voted in Israel, but arguing that the statute under which this action had resulted in his losing his citizenship was unconstitutional.[39][41] A federal judge of the United States District Court for the Southern District of New York rejected Afroyim's claim on February 25, 1966, concluding that "in the opinion of Congress voting in a foreign political election could import 'allegiance to another country' in some measure 'inconsistent with American citizenship'" and that the question of this law's validity had been settled by the Supreme Court's 1958 Perez decision.[42][43] Afroyim appealed the district court's ruling against him to the Second Circuit Court of Appeals, which upheld the lower court's reasoning and decision on May 24, 1966. Two of the three judges who heard Afroyim's appeal found the district court's analysis and affirmation of Perez to be "exhaustive and most penetrating".[44] The third judge expressed serious reservations regarding the viability of Perez and suggested that Afroyim might have obtained a different result if he had framed his case differently, but decided to concur (albeit reluctantly) in the majority's ruling.[45] Arguments before the Supreme CourtEdit After losing his appeal to the Second Circuit,[46][44] Afroyim asked the Supreme Court to overrule the precedent it had established in Perez, strike down the foreign voting provision of the Nationality Act as unconstitutional, and decide that he was still a United States citizen. Afroyim's counsel argued that since "neither the Fourteenth Amendment nor any other provision of the Constitution expressly grants Congress the power to take away [U.S.] citizenship once it has been acquired ... the only way [Afroyim] could lose his citizenship was by his own voluntary renunciation of it."[38] The Supreme Court agreed to consider Afroyim's case[47] on October 24, 1966[48][49] and held oral arguments on February 20, 1967.[42] Hugo Black wrote the opinion of the Court in the Afroyim case. The official respondent (defendant) in Afroyim's case on behalf of the U.S. government was Dean Rusk,[50] the Secretary of State during the Kennedy and Johnson administrations (1961–1969). The legal brief laying out Afroyim's arguments was written by Nanette Dembitz, general counsel of the New York Civil Liberties Union;[39] the government's brief was written by United States Solicitor General (and future Supreme Court Associate Justice) Thurgood Marshall.[51] The oral arguments in the case were presented by attorneys Edward Ennis—chairman of the American Civil Liberties Union (ACLU)—for Afroyim, and Charles Gordon—general counsel for the INS—for the government.[52][53] Afroyim was in New York City at this time, having been granted a visitor's visa in 1965 while his case went through the courts.[47] Before heading the ACLU, Ennis had served as general counsel for the INS. In his oral argument supporting Afroyim, Ennis asserted that Congress lacked the power to prescribe forfeiture of citizenship, and he sharply criticized the foreign-relations argument under which the Perez court had upheld loss of citizenship for voting in a foreign election—pointing out, for example, that when a referendum was held in 1935 on the status of the Saar (a region of Germany occupied after World War I by the United Kingdom and France), Americans had participated in the voting without raising any concerns within the State Department at the time.[52] Gordon did not make a good showing in the Afroyim oral arguments despite his skill and experience in the field of immigration law, according to a 2005 article on the Afroyim case by law professor Peter J. Spiro.[54] Gordon mentioned Israeli elections in 1955 and 1959 in which Afroyim had voted—facts which had not previously been presented to the Supreme Court in the attorneys' briefs or the written record of the case—and much of the remaining questioning from the justices involved criticism of Gordon for confusing matters through the last-minute introduction of this new material.[52] Afroyim's earlier stipulation that he had voted in the 1951 Israeli election—together with an accompanying concession by the government that this was the sole ground upon which it had acted to revoke Afroyim's citizenship—allowed the potential issue of diluted allegiance through dual citizenship to be sidestepped. Indeed, in 1951 there was no Israeli nationality law; eligibility to vote in the election that year had been based on residence rather than any concept of citizenship. Although Afroyim had later acquired Israeli citizenship and voted in at least two other elections in his new country, his lawyers were able to avoid discussing this matter and instead focus entirely on whether foreign voting was a sufficient cause for loss of one's U.S. citizenship.[39] Opinion of the CourtEdit The Supreme Court ruled in Afroyim's favor in a 5–4 decision issued on May 29, 1967. The opinion of the Court—written by Associate Justice Hugo Black, and joined by Chief Justice Warren and Associate Justices William O. Douglas and Abe Fortas—as well as Associate Justice Brennan, who had been part of the majority in Perez—was grounded in the reasoning Warren had used nine years earlier in his Perez dissent.[55][56][57] The court's majority now held that "Congress has no power under the Constitution to divest a person of his United States citizenship absent his voluntary renunciation thereof."[42][58] Specifically repudiating Perez,[59][60] the majority of the justices rejected the claim that Congress had any power to revoke citizenship[61] and said that "no such power can be sustained as an implied attribute of sovereignty".[42] Instead, quoting from the Citizenship Clause, Black wrote: All persons born or naturalized in the United States ... are citizens of the United States...." There is no indication in these words of a fleeting citizenship, good at the moment it is acquired but subject to destruction by the Government at any time. Rather the Amendment can most reasonably be read as defining a citizenship which a citizen keeps unless he voluntarily relinquishes it. Once acquired, this Fourteenth Amendment citizenship was not to be shifted, canceled, or diluted at the will of the Federal Government, the States, or any other governmental unit.[62][63] The Court found support for its position in the history of the unratified Titles of Nobility Amendment.[16] The fact that this 1810 proposal had been framed as a constitutional amendment, rather than an ordinary act of Congress, was seen by the majority as showing that, even before the passage of the Fourteenth Amendment, Congress did not believe that it had the power to revoke anyone's citizenship.[64] The Court further noted that a proposed 1818 act of Congress would have provided a way for citizens to voluntarily relinquish their citizenship, but opponents had argued that Congress had no authority to provide for expatriation.[53] Afroyim's counsel had addressed only the foreign voting question and had carefully avoided any direct challenge to the idea that foreign naturalization might legitimately lead to loss of citizenship (a concept which Warren had been willing to accept in his Perez dissent). Nevertheless, the Court's Afroyim ruling went beyond even Warren's earlier position—holding instead that "The very nature of our government makes it completely incongruous to have a rule of law under which a group of citizens temporarily in office can deprive another group of citizens of their citizenship."[65][66] DissentEdit John Marshall Harlan II wrote the dissent in the Afroyim case. The minority—in a dissent written by Associate Justice John Marshall Harlan II and joined by Associate Justices Tom C. Clark, Potter Stewart, and Byron White—argued that Perez had been correctly decided,[67] that nothing in the Constitution deprived Congress of the power to revoke a person's citizenship for good cause,[68][69] and that Congress was within its rights to decide that allowing Americans to vote in foreign elections ran contrary to the foreign policy interests of the nation and ought to result in loss of citizenship.[70] Harlan wrote: First, the Court fails almost entirely to dispute the reasoning in Perez; it is essentially content with the conclusory and quite unsubstantiated assertion that Congress is without "any general power, express or implied," to expatriate a citizen "without his assent." Next, the Court embarks upon a lengthy, albeit incomplete, survey of the historical background of the congressional power at stake here, and yet, at the end, concedes that the history is susceptible of "conflicting inferences." ... Finally, the Court declares that its result is bottomed upon the "language and the purpose" of the Citizenship Clause of the Fourteenth Amendment; in explanation, the Court offers only the terms of the clause itself, the contention that any other result would be "completely incongruous," and the essentially arcane observation that the "citizenry is the country and the country is its citizenry." I can find nothing in this extraordinary series of circumventions which permits, still less compels, the imposition of this constitutional constraint upon the authority of Congress.[71] Responding to the assertion that Congress did not have power to revoke a person's citizenship without his or her assent, Harlan predicted that "Until the Court indicates with greater precision what it means by 'assent', today's opinion will surely cause still greater confusion in this area of the law."[72][73] Subsequent developmentsEdit The Afroyim decision stated that no one with United States citizenship could be involuntarily deprived of that citizenship.[74][75] Nevertheless, the Court distinguished a 1971 case, Rogers v. Bellei,[76] holding in this newer case that individuals who had acquired citizenship via jus sanguinis, through birth outside the United States to an American parent or parents, could still risk loss of citizenship in various ways, since their citizenship (unlike Afroyim's citizenship) was the result of federal statutes rather than the Citizenship Clause.[77][78][79] The statutory provision whereby Bellei lost his citizenship—a U.S. residency requirement which he had failed to satisfy in his youth[80]—was repealed by Congress in 1978; the foreign voting provision, already without effect since Afroyim, was repealed at the same time.[81] Although Afroyim appeared to rule out any involuntary revocation of a person's citizenship, the government continued for the most part to pursue loss-of-citizenship cases when an American had acted in a way believed to imply an intent to give up citizenship—especially when an American had become a naturalized citizen of another country.[82] In a 1980 case, however—Vance v. Terrazas[83]—the Supreme Court ruled that intent to relinquish citizenship needed to be proved by itself, and not simply inferred from an individual's having voluntarily performed an action designated by Congress as being incompatible with an intent to keep one's citizenship.[84][85] The concept of dual citizenship, which previously had been strongly opposed by the U.S. government, has become more accepted in the years since Afroyim.[4] In 1980, the administration of President Jimmy Carter concluded that the Bancroft Treaties—a series of bilateral agreements, formulated between 1868 and 1937, which provided for automatic loss of citizenship upon foreign naturalization of a U.S. citizen—were no longer enforceable, due in part to Afroyim, and gave notice terminating these treaties.[86] In 1990, the State Department adopted new guidelines for evaluating potential loss-of-citizenship cases,[87] under which the government now assumes in almost all situations that Americans do not in fact intend to give up their citizenship unless they explicitly indicate to U.S. officials that this is their intention.[88] As explained by Peter J. Spiro, "In the long run, Afroyim's vision of an absolute right to retain citizenship has been largely, if quietly, vindicated. As a matter of practice, it is now virtually impossible to lose American citizenship without formally and expressly renouncing it."[5] While acknowledging that "American citizenship enjoys strong protection against loss under Afroyim and Terrazas", retired journalist Henry S. Matteo[89] suggested, "It would have been more equitable ... had the Supreme Court relied on the Eighth Amendment, which adds a moral tone as well as a firmer constitutional basis, than the Fourteenth." Matteo also said, "Under Afroyim there is a lack of balance between rights and protections on one hand, and obligations and responsibilities on the other, all four elements of which have been an integral part of the concept of citizenship, as history shows."[90] Political scientist P. Allan Dionisopoulos wrote that "it is doubtful that any [Supreme Court decision] created a more complex problem for the United States than Afroyim v. Rusk", a decision which he believed had "since become a source of embarrassment for the United States in its relationships with the Arab world" because of the way it facilitated dual U.S.–Israeli citizenship and participation by Americans in Israel's armed forces.[91] After his Supreme Court victory, Afroyim divided his time between West Brighton (Staten Island, New York) and the Israeli city of Safed until his death on May 19, 1984, in West Brighton.[92][93] List of United States Supreme Court cases, volume 387 Reid v. Covert,[94] a Supreme Court case holding that treaties cannot override the Constitution ^ Afroyim v. Rusk, 387 U.S. 253 (1967). This article incorporates public domain material from judicial opinions or other documents created by the federal judiciary of the United States. ^ "Ruling Protects Citizenship Right". New York Times. May 30, 1967. The Supreme Court ruled today that Congress lacks the constitutional authority to pass laws that strip American citizens of their nationality without their consent. ^ Dionisopoulos (1970–71), p. 235. "In [Afroyim v. Rusk] the Court declared that American citizenship is an absolute constitutional right. Therefore, the Government of the United States may not forcibly deprive an American of his nationality." ^ a b Spiro (2005), p. 147. "Plural citizenship ... may come to be the mark of globalization, as state-based allegiances today diminish in importance relative to other affiliations. The Supreme Court's 1967 decision in Afroyim v. Rusk supplies an early glimpse of the transition.... Afroyim opened the door to the maintenance of multiple active national ties. It is to Afroyim that one can trace the genesis of the late modern edition of American citizenship, a version less jealous of alternative attachments." ^ a b Spiro (2005), p. 163. ^ "Acquisition of U.S. Citizenship by Birth in the United States". Foreign Affairs Manual, vol. 8 (8 FAM), sec. 301.1-1.a. United States Department of State. June 27, 2018. ^ U.S. citizenship via jus sanguinis was confirmed by Congress in the Naturalization Act of 1790—"An Act to establish an [sic] uniform Rule of Naturalization", 1st Cong., Sess. II, Chap. 3; 1 Stat. 103; March 26, 1790. ^ The Naturalization Act of 1790 provided that "any alien, being a free white person, who shall have resided within the limits and under the jurisdiction of the United States for the term of two years, may be admitted to become a citizen thereof". ^ Dred Scott v. Sandford, 60 U.S. 393 (1857). ^ Schwarz, Frederic D. (February–March 2007). "The Dred Scott Decision". American Heritage. 58 (1). Retrieved August 29, 2011. ^ Civil Rights Act of 1866 ^ Epps, Garrett (2007). Democracy Reborn: The Fourteenth Amendment and the Fight for Equal Rights in Post-Civil War America. Holt Paperbacks. p. 174. ISBN 978-0-8050-8663-8. The opposition made several arguments. The citizenship provision was unconstitutional, they contended.... ^ United States v. Wong Kim Ark, 169 U.S. 649, 675 (1898). "The same Congress, shortly afterwards, evidently thinking it unwise, and perhaps unsafe, to leave so important a declaration of rights to depend upon an ordinary act of legislation, which might be repealed by any subsequent Congress, framed the Fourteenth Amendment of the Constitution...." ^ Stimson, Frederic Jesup (2004). The Law of the Federal and State Constitutions of the United States. Clark, NJ: The Lawbook Exchange. p. 76. ISBN 978-1-58477-369-6. Retrieved November 21, 2012. ^ "Law Library of Congress: Fourteenth Amendment and Citizenship". Library of Congress. Retrieved January 2, 2012. However, because there were concerns that the Civil Rights Act might be subsequently repealed or limited the Congress took steps to include similar language when it considered the draft of the Fourteenth Amendment. ^ a b Silversmith, Jol A. (April 1999), "The "Missing Thirteenth Amendment": Constitutional Nonsense and Titles of Nobility", Southern California Interdisciplinary Law Journal, 8: 577, Only one court ever has examined the substance of TONA [the Titles of Nobility Amendment], and even then only tangentially. In Afroyim v. Rusk, the Supreme Court briefly examined the circumstances surrounding the proposal of TONA in order to determine if they provided any guidance as to whether Congress could enact a law stripping an American of his citizenship without a voluntary renunciation. ^ Act of July 27, 1868, ch. 249, 15 Stat. 223. "... That any declaration, instruction, opinion, order, or decision of any officers of this government which denies, restricts, impairs, or questions the right of expatriation, is hereby declared inconsistent with the fundamental principles of this government." ^ Wong Kim Ark, 169 U.S. at 704. ^ Nationality Act of 1940, Public Law 76-853, 54 Stat. 1137. [1] ^ Spiro (2005), p. 150. ^ Nishikawa v. Dulles, 356 U.S. 129 (1958). ^ Trop v. Dulles, 356 U.S. 86 (1958). ^ Perez v. Brownell, 356 U.S. 44 (1958). ^ Dionisopoulos (1970–71), p. 238. ^ Perez, 356 U.S. at 59. ^ Perez, 356 U.S. at 64–65. ^ Spiro (2005), pp. 151–152. ^ Kennedy v. Mendoza-Martinez, 372 U.S. 144 (1963). ^ Schneider v. Rusk, 377 U.S. 163 (1964). ^ a b c d e Spiro (2005), p. 153. ^ Bäumer, Schueller, Angelica, Amos (2010). Soshana -Life and Work. Springer Wien New York. ISBN 978-37091-0274-9. Retrieved 21 February 2014. ^ a b "Metropolis Movement". Archived from the original on 2008-06-08. Retrieved 2006-02-16. , painting by Beys Afroyim, exhibited at the Museum of the City of New York. This source says Afroyim was born in 1893, in Riki [sic], Poland. It also states that Afroyim's court case "hinged on his ability to convince the Court that he had never voted in Israel", a claim contradicted by the facts as laid out in the Supreme Court's opinion in Afroyim v. Rusk. ^ a b The court opinions in Afroyim's case state that he was born in Poland in 1893. Afroyim v. Rusk, 250 F. Supp. 686, 687; 361 F.2d 102, 103; 387 U.S. 253, 254. ^ a b c d Naturalization record of Ephraim Bernstein, also known as Beys Afroyim. U.S. National Archives and Records Administration (via Ancestry.com). Retrieved May 8, 2012. This source says Afroyim was born on March 15, 1898, in Riga, Russia, and became a U.S. citizen on June 14, 1926. A letter confirming Afroyim's loss of U.S. citizenship, dated January 13, 1961, accompanies the naturalization record. ^ a b Afroyim, 387 U.S. at 254. ^ a b c d Spiro (2005), p. 154. ^ Afroyim, 387 U.S. at 254. "In 1960, when [Afroyim] applied for renewal of his United States passport, the Department of State refused to grant it on the sole ground that he had lost his American citizenship by virtue of § 401(e) of the Nationality Act of 1940, which provides that a United States citizen shall 'lose' his citizenship if he votes 'in a political election in a foreign state.'" ^ Afroyim v. Rusk, 250 F. Supp. 686, 687 (S.D.N.Y. 1966). "Throughout the administrative proceedings plaintiff contended that he had never voted in an election of the State of Israel, but only entered the polling place to sketch the voters as they cast their ballots. Before this court, however, it is stipulated that on July 30, 1951, plaintiff voted in the elections for the Second Knesset, the Parliament of the State of Israel. And it is agreed that he did so voluntarily." ^ a b c d Afroyim, 387 U.S. at 253 . ^ Afroyim, 250 F. Supp. at 690. "In my view the authority of Perez v. Brownell still stands and is controlling here. This conclusion is in full accord with the decisions of the Second Circuit in which the vitality of Perez was at least collaterally challenged." ^ a b Afroyim v. Rusk , 361 F.2d 102, 105 (2nd Cir. 1966). "We affirm the judgment [of the district court] on the authority of Perez v. Brownell.... The exposition by the [district court] of the present posture of the issues that were decided by the [Supreme] Court in Perez was exhaustive and most penetrating...." ^ Afroyim, 361 F.2d at 105–106. "I see no reason why an individual who performed the act of voting in a foreign election, after full disclosure of his American ties should be visited with such severe consequences as loss of citizenship and the deportation which will inevitably follow, without a showing that his voting somehow impeded or interfered with the conduct of this country's foreign affairs.... However, ... I concur reluctantly, as I have already indicated, in the result reached in the majority opinion." ^ a b "High Court to Review U.S. Citizenship Law". Los Angeles Times. November 16, 1966. ^ "Court Will Review Loss of Citizenship". New York Times. October 24, 1966. The Supreme Court agreed today to decide whether the Government may deprive a Polish-born artist of his American citizenship because he voted in a foreign election. ^ Afroyim v. Rusk, 385 U.S. 917 (1966). "Certiorari granted." ^ "Afroyim v. Rusk". The Oyez Project at IIT Chicago–Kent College of Law. Retrieved November 21, 2012. ^ a b c Spiro (2005), pp. 157–158. ^ a b "Citizenship ... expatriation". ABA Journal. 53: 752. August 1967. ^ "Peter J. Spiro, Charles R. Weiner Professor of Law". Temple University, Beasley School of Law. Retrieved December 24, 2012. ^ "Always a Citizen". New York Times. June 1, 1967. Chief Justice Warren's magisterial dissent in the Perez v. Brownell denationalization case in 1958 is one of his most impressive opinions in his service on the Supreme Court. That opinion has now nine years later achieved vindication in the Court's ruling this week in the case of Afroyim v. Rusk. ^ Dionisopoulos (1970–71), p. 249. "By the narrow margin of five to four the Court [in Afroyim] had repudiated the precedent of Perez, denied to Congress any power to expatriate an American and subscribed to a principle espoused by Warren in his dissenting opinion almost a decade earlier." ^ Matteo (1997), p. 41. "Nine years after Perez, Chief Justice Warren's dissent in that case became the basis of the majority opinion in the subjesequent judicial milestone, Afroyim v. Rusk. ^ Dasgupta, Riddhi (2005). Changing Face of the Law: A Global Perspective. iUniverse. p. 108. ISBN 9780595376315. Retrieved November 21, 2012. ^ "The Right of Citizenship". Washington Post. May 30, 1967. Despite the sharp division in the Supreme Court, we are glad that it has finally stricken from the Nationality Act of 1940 the provision depriving Americans of their citizenship for voting in a foreign land. In doing so the Court flatly overruled its own 1957 [sic] decision in the Perez case. ^ Zaibert, L. (2008). "Uprootedness as (Cruel and Unusual) Punishment". New Criminal Law Review. 11 (3): 384–408. doi:10.1525/nclr.2008.11.3.384. [L]ess than a decade later ... the Supreme Court overturned Perez v. Brownell, in the no less famous Afroyim v. Rusk. ^ Matteo (1997), p. 41. "Justice Black rejected the Perez holding that sovereignty carried with it the implied power of involuntary expatriation." ^ Afroyim, 387 U.S. at 262. ^ "U.S. May Not Revoke Citizenship, Court Says". Los Angeles Times. May 30, 1967. Reversing those judgments [against Afroyim in the lower courts] the Supreme Court said: 'Our holding does no more than to give to this citizen that which is his own, a constitutional right to remain a free citizen in a free country unless he voluntarily relinquishes that citizenship.' ^ Afroyim, 387 U.S. at 270. "[T]he available historical evidence is not only inadequate to support the Court's abandonment of Perez, but ... even seems to confirm Perez′ soundness." ^ Afroyim, 387 U.S. at 292. "To the contrary, [the Citizenship Clause] was expected, and should now be understood, to leave Congress at liberty to expatriate a citizen if the expatriation is an appropriate exercise of a power otherwise given to Congress by the Constitution, and if the methods and terms of expatriation adopted by Congress are consistent with the Constitution's other relevant commands." ^ "U.S. Can't Lift Citizenship Without Consent, Court Finds". Chicago Tribune. May 30, 1967. Harlan, in the dissenting opinion, said nothing in the Constitution suggests that Congress should be forbidden to withdraw the citizenship of an 'unwilling citizen.' ^ Afroyim, 387 U.S. at 270. "There is no need here to rehearse Mr. Justice Frankfurter's opinion for the Court in Perez; it then proved and still proves to [our] satisfaction that § 401(e) is within the power of Congress." ^ Afroyim, 387 U.S. at 269–270. ^ Afroyim, 387 U.S. at 269 n.1. ^ Association, American Bar (March 1980). "Supreme Court Report". ABA Journal: 374. ^ Schoenblum, Jeffrey A. (2009). Multistate and Multinational Estate Planning. 1. CCH. pp. 9–78. ISBN 9780808092285. ^ Rogers v. Bellei, 401 U.S. 815 (1971). ^ Kearney, Kevin M. (Winter 1987). "Comment: Private Citizens in Foreign Affairs: A Constitutional Analysis". Emory Law Journal. 36: 285, 324 (note 245). Later court decisions have cut into the protections afforded by Afroyim. Rogers v. Bellei ... upheld a federal statute revoking the citizenship of children of American citizens born abroad in the event that they failed to reside in the United States for five consecutive years between the ages of 14 and 28.... The court proceeded on the theory that this type of citizenship, granted by statute, was not protected by the fourteenth amendment. ^ "Citizenship in Peril". New York Times. April 9, 1971. The Court [in Rogers v. Bellei] has not reversed Afroyim but has distinguished it on the ground that a citizen born abroad whose birth has been registered with an American consulate is not entitled to the same 14th Amendment protection as a citizen naturalized in court in the United States. ^ Matteo (1997), p. 44. "The Court took a step back in 1971, when in Rogers v. Bellei it undercut Afroyim by holding that Congress had the power to denationalize children born abroad of an American parent. Such children, the Court concluded, were not Fourteenth Amendment citizens...." ^ Yarbrough, Tinsley E. (1992). John Marshall Harlan: Great Dissenter of the Warren Court. Oxford University Press. p. 378. ISBN 978-0-19-506090-4. Despite his regard for precedent, during his last term [Harlan] also joined a new majority in Rogers v. Bellei, ... which qualified the Court's ruling in the Afroyim case and upheld a regulation providing that persons born outside the United States of a citizen and an alien must satisfy a residency requirement in order to retain their U.S. citizenship. ^ A bill to repeal certain sections of title III of the Immigration and Nationality Act, and for other purposes. Public Law 95-432; 92 Stat. 1046. October 10, 1978. ^ Vance v. Terrazas, 444 U.S. 252 (1980). ^ Immigration and Nationality Act, sec. 349; 8 U.S.C. sec. 1481. The phrase "voluntarily performing any of the following acts with the intention of relinquishing United States nationality" was added in 1986, and various other changes have been made over time to the list of expatriating acts; see notes. ^ "Naturalization Treaties". 7 FAM 1270, Appendix A. United States Department of State. Retrieved December 13, 2015. "In the matter of Reid v. Covert, ... the U.S. Supreme Court established that provisions of treaties or executive agreements are unenforceable if they conflict with the Constitution.... [Schneider v. Rusk and Afroyim v. Rusk] strongly implied that if a case of involuntary loss of citizenship under one of the Bancroft treaties came before the Supreme Court, the expatriation provisions would be found unconstitutional." ^ 67 Interpreter Releases 799 (July 23, 1990); 67 Interpreter Releases 1092 (October 1, 1990). ^ "Advice about Possible Loss of U.S. Citizenship and Dual Nationality". U.S. Department of State. Archived from the original on 2009-04-16. When ... it comes to the attention of a U.S. consular officer that a U.S. citizen has performed an act made potentially expatriating ... the consular officer will simply ask the applicant if there was intent to relinquish U.S. citizenship when performing the act. If the answer is no, the consular officer will certify that it was not the person's intent to relinquish U.S. citizenship and, consequently, find that the person has retained U.S. citizenship. ^ "Senior Student at 86, former journalist passes oral exam for his Ph.D.". Albany Times Union. January 1, 1994. ^ Matteo (1997), p. 111. ^ Dionisopoulos (1970–71), pp. 235–236. ^ Obituary of Beys Afroyim. Staten Island Advance. May 20, 1984. ^ Reid v. Covert, 354 U.S. 1 (1957). Dionisopoulos, P. Allan (1970–71). "Afroyim v. Rusk: The Evolution, Uncertainty and Implications of a Constitutional Principle". Minnesota Law Review 55:235–257. Duvall, Donald K. (1970). "Expatriation under United States Law, Perez to Afroyim: The Search for a Philosophy of American Citizenship". Virginia Law Review. 56 (3): 408–456. JSTOR 1071798. Matteo, Henry S. (1997). Denationalization v. "The Right to Have Rights": The Standard of Intent in Citizenship Loss. University Press of America. ISBN 0-7618-0781-0. Spiro, Peter J. (2005). "Afroyim: Vaunting Citizenship, Presaging Transnationality". In Martin, David A.; Schuck, Peter H. (2005). Immigration Stories. Foundation Press. pp. 147–168. ISBN 1-58778-873-X Works related to Afroyim v. Rusk at Wikisource Text of Afroyim v. Rusk, 387 U.S. 253 (1967) is available from: Cornell CourtListener Findlaw Google Scholar Justia Library of Congress Summaries of the case at Oyez, Lawnix Retrieved from "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Afroyim_v._Rusk&oldid=903273502"	cc/2019-30/en_head_0021.json.gz/line12577
__label__wiki	0.603972	0.603972	Medford is a city in, and the county seat of, Jackson County, Oregon, in the United States.[4] As of July 1, 2017, the city had a total population of 81,780[5] and a metropolitan area population of 217,479, making the Medford MSA the fourth largest metro area in Oregon. The city was named in 1883 by David Loring, civil engineer and right-of-way agent for the Oregon and California Railroad, after Medford, Massachusetts, which was near Loring’s hometown of Concord, Massachusetts. Medford is near the middle ford of Bear Creek.[6] City of Medford Clockwise, from top: aerial image of Medford, City Hall, the Medford Carnegie Library, Vogel Plaza, and Bear Creek Park Great Performances Daily Location of Medford in Jackson County and in the state of Oregon Coordinates: 42°19′55″N 122°51′43″W / 42.33194°N 122.86194°W / 42.33194; -122.86194Coordinates: 42°19′55″N 122°51′43″W / 42.33194°N 122.86194°W / 42.33194; -122.86194 Gary Wheeler • City manager Brian Sjothun • City council Clay Bearnson Kay Brooks Tim D'Alessandro Dick Gordon Eric Stark Kevin Stine Michael Zarosinski • City 25.74 sq mi (66.67 km2) 1,382 ft (421 m) US: 425th 2,911.3/sq mi (1,124.1/km2) • Urban 154,081 (US: 213th) • Metro UTC−8 (PST) UTC−7 (PDT) In 1883, a group of railroad surveyors headed by S. L. Dolson and David Loring arrived in Rock Point, near present-day Gold Hill.[7] They were charged with finding the best route through the Rogue Valley for the Oregon and California Railroad. Citizens of neighboring Jacksonville hoped that it would pass between their town and Hanley Butte, near the present day Claire Hanley Arboretum. Such a move would have all but guaranteed prosperous growth for Jacksonville, but Dolson decided instead to stake the railroad closer to Bear Creek.[8] The response from Jacksonville was mixed,[9] but the decision was final. By November 1883, a depot site had been chosen and a surveying team led by Charles J. Howard was hard at work platting the new town. They completed their work in early December 1883, laying out 82 blocks for development.[10] James Sullivan Howard, a merchant and surveyor,[11] claimed to have built the town's first building in January 1884,[12] though blacksmith Emil Piel was advertising for business at the "central depot" in the middle of December 1883.[13] Others point out the farms of town founders Iradell Judson Phipps and Charles Wesley Broback, which were present before the town was platted.[12] Regardless, on February 6, 1884 (less than a month after it was built), J. S. Howard's store became Medford's first post office, with Howard serving as postmaster. The establishment of the post office led to the incorporation of Medford as a town by the Oregon Legislative Assembly on February 24, 1885,[14] and again as a city in 1905. Howard held the position of postmaster for Medford's first ten years, and again held the post upon his death on November 13, 1919.[15] The beginning of the 20th century was a transitional period for the area. Medford built a new steel bridge over Bear Creek to replace an earlier one which washed away three years before. Without a bridge, those wanting to cross had to ford the stream, typically using a horse-drawn wagon; the first automobile did not arrive in Medford until 1903.[16] Pharmacist George H. Haskins had opened a drugstore just after the town was platted, and in 1903 he allowed the Medford Library Association to open a small library in that store. Five years later the library moved to Medford's new city hall, in another four years, Andrew Carnegie's donation allowed a dedicated library to be built. Construction on the Medford Carnegie Library was completed in 1912.[17][18] In 1927, Medford took the title of county seat of Jackson County away from nearby Jacksonville.[6][19] Until the 1960s, Medford was a sundown town where African Americans and other nonwhites were not allowed to live or stay at night.[20] In 1967,[21] Interstate 5 was completed immediately adjacent to downtown Medford to replace the Oregon Pacific Highway. It has been blamed for the decline of small businesses in downtown Medford since its completion,[21] but nevertheless remains an important route for commuters wishing to travel across the city. In fact, a study completed in 1999 found that 45% of vehicles entering I-5 from north Medford heading south exited in south Medford, just three miles (5 km) away.[22] The high volume of traffic on Interstate 5 led to the completion of a new north Medford interchange in 2006. The project, which cost about $36 million, improved traffic flow between I-5 and Crater Lake Highway.[23] Further traffic problems identified in south Medford prompted the construction of another new interchange, costing $72 million. The project began in 2006 and was completed in 2010.[24][25][26] Since the 1990s, Medford has dedicated an appreciable amount of resources to urban renewal in an attempt to revitalize the downtown area.[27] Several old buildings have been restored, including the Craterian Ginger Rogers Theater and the Prohibition era Cooley-Neff Warehouse, now operating as Pallet Wine Company, an urban winery. Streets have been realigned, new sidewalks, traffic signals, and bicycle lanes were installed, and two new parking garages have been built. Downtown Medford also received a new library building to replace the historic Medford Carnegie Library and now boasts satellite campuses for both Rogue Community College and Southern Oregon University.[28] Economic problems in 2008 and 2009 put a hold on The Commons project, a collaboration between the city of Medford and Lithia Motors.[29] The project, one of the largest undertaken in downtown in recent years, aims to provide more parking, recreation, and commerce to the area. Before the work stopped, the Greyhound Bus depot was moved and $850,000 was spent replacing water lines. The Commons is anchored by the new corporate headquarters of Lithia Motors, Inc. (NYSE: LAD). Included in The Commons are two public park blocks slated to be informal public gathering areas as well as an area for special events such as the farmer's market. Ground breaking for the project was April 22, 2011, with a Phase 1 completion date of 2012.[29][30] GeographyEdit An aerial image of Medford Medford is located approximately 27 miles (43 km) north of the northern California border at 42.3°N. According to the United States Census Bureau, the city has a total area of 25.74 square miles (66.67 km2), of which, 25.73 square miles (66.64 km2) is land and 0.01 square miles (0.03 km2) is water.[1] The Pacific Ocean is about 75 miles (121 km) west of the city, and is the nearest coast. The nearest river is the Rogue River (8 mi or 13 km), and the nearest lake is Agate Lake (13 mi or 21 km). Nearby cities include Grants Pass, Klamath Falls, Ashland, Roseburg, Redding (California), and Crescent City (California). Medford is 229 miles (369 km) from Salem, the capital of Oregon. The nearest interstate highway is I-5, which runs northwest-southeast through the center of the city. The nearest junctions with other interstate highways are with I-84 in Portland (273 mi or 439 km) and I-80 in Sacramento (309 mi or 497 km). Medford also serves as a junction for Oregon Routes 99, 238, 62, and nearby 140 (6 mi or 9.7 km). Medford is also situated in the remains of ancient volcanic flow areas as demonstrated by the Upper and Lower Table Rock lava formations and nearby Mount McLoughlin and Crater Lake, which is the remains of Mount Mazama.[31][32] In the late spring/early summer the snow on the slopes of Mount McLoughlin melt away into a formation called the "angel wings," which Native American tribes interpreted as an osprey, an indicator of the beginning of salmon run. ClimateEdit Main article: Rogue Valley § Climate Medford sits in a rain shadow between the Cascade Range and Siskiyou Mountains called the Rogue Valley. As such, most of the rain associated with the Pacific Northwest and Oregon in particular skips Medford, making it drier and sunnier than the Willamette Valley. Medford’s climate is considerably warmer, both in summer and winter, than its latitude would suggest, with a Mediterranean climate (Köppen Csa). Summers are akin to Eastern Oregon, and winters resemble the coast. Here, summer sees an average of 57 afternoons over 90 °F or 32.2 °C and eleven afternoons over 100 °F or 37.8 °C.[33] In August 1981, the high temperature reached over 110 °F or 43.3 °C for four consecutive days,[34] with two days reaching 114 °F or 45.6 °C.[35] Freezing temperatures occur on 69 mornings during an average year, and in some years there may be a day or two where the high stays at or below freezing; the average window for freezing temperatures is October 23 through April 23.[33] The city is located in USDA hardiness zone 8.[36] Medford also experiences temperature inversions in the winter which during its lumber mill days produced fog so thick that visibility could be reduced to less than five feet. These inversions can last for weeks; some suggest this is because the metropolitan area has one of the lowest average wind speeds of all American metropolitan areas. The heavy fog returns nearly every winter with the inversions lowering air quality for several months without relief.[37][38][failed verification] Medford residents do experience snowfall during the winter months; however, due to the weather shadow effect it only averages 3.6 inches or 0.09 metres and melts fairly quickly. In the past, the city has seen seasonal snowfall totals reach 31 inches or 0.79 metres in 1955–1956.[39] That season was also the wettest "rain year" with a total of 33.41 inches (848.6 mm); this immediately followed the driest "rain year" since records started in 1911 from July 1954 to June 1955 when only 9.28 inches (235.7 mm) was recorded. By far the wettest month has been December 1964 with 12.72 inches (323.1 mm); no other month has had more than 10 inches or 254 millimetres. The wettest day on record has been December 2, 1962 with 3.30 inches (83.8 mm). The lowest recorded temperature in Medford was −10 °F (−23.3 °C) on December 13, 1919,[40] and the highest recorded temperature was 115 °F (46 °C) on July 20, 1946. There is significantly more diurnal temperature variation in summer than in winter, with the difference between January high and low average temperatures being only 15 °F (8.3 °C), but the difference between August high and low average temperatures is 34 °F (19 °C). Climate data for Medford, Oregon (Rogue Valley International-Medford Airport), 1981–2010 normals (36) 103 Daily mean °F (°C) (0.51) 1.1 Average precipitation days (≥ 0.01 in) 13.1 11.4 12.0 10.6 8.4 4.2 2.1 1.9 3.4 7.1 14.0 14.4 102.6 Average snowy days (≥ 0.1 in) 1.3 0.9 0.5 0.1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0.4 1.4 4.6 Source #1: NOAA (extremes 1911–present)[33] Source #2: The Weather Channel[41] Government and leadershipEdit Medford City Hall Medford has a council-manager style of government. The governing body of Medford consists of an elected mayor and eight city council members, two from each of four wards. The council hires a professional city manager to run the day-to-day operations of the city including the hiring of city staff.[42] The mayor and council members are not paid, but are reimbursed for expenses.[42] MayorEdit The current mayor of Medford is Gary Hale Wheeler. He was first elected mayor in November 2004 with 16,653 of 28,195 votes (59%),[43] reelected in 2008 with 21,651 of 22,211 votes (97.5%),[44] reelected again in 2012 with about 97 percent of the votes,[45] and reelected again in 2016 with about 56 percent of the votes for a term ending in December 2020.[46] Wheeler is an optometrist with an office in Medford. Prior to his election, he spent thirteen years on the Medford Urban Renewal Agency Board and served in the US Army where he also practiced optometry.[47] Previous mayorsEdit Gary Wheeler 2004 – present; he is an optometrist in the Medford area Lindsay Berryman, 1998–2004; first female mayor of Medford[48] Jerry Lausmann, 1986–1998[49] Gerald "Lou" Hannum, 1983–1986[50] Al Densmore (Rep), 1977–1983,[51] president of the Bear Creek Greenway Foundation[52] Sebastiano "Benny" Fagone, 1974–1977,[53] founded the North Medford High School Black Tornado softball program in 1980[54] Lorin Jacobs, 1973–1974[55] John W. Snider Sr., 1957–1972,[56][57] established Medford's sister city relationship with Alba, Italy in 1960 Diamond "Dime" Flynn, 1949–1954[55][58] J.C. Collins, 1948[58] Clarence A. Meeker, 1942–1948[58][59] Halbert S. "Hob" Deuel (Rep), 1940–1942,[58][60][61] former Jackson County congressman, died in 1971[62] Charles C. Furnas, 1937–1939[58][63] George Porter, 1935–1936[58] E.M. Wilson, 1930–1934[58] A.W. Pipes, 1928–1929[58] O.O. Alenderfer, 1925–1927[58] Earl C. Gaddis, 1923–1924[58][64] C.E. "Pop" Gates, 1917–1922[58] Vernon Emerick, 1915–1916,[58][65] lit the city's first official Christmas tree in 1915[66] Mahlon Purdin, 1914[58] William W. Eifert, 1913,[58][67] moved from Ohio, died of a heart attack during term on September 1, 1913, buried at the Eastwood Cemetery in Medford[68] W.H. Canon, 1909–1912[58] John F. Reddy, 1907–1908[58][69] W.R. Bradshaw, 1906[58] E.B. Pickel, 1904–1905[58] W.S. Crowell, 1902–1903[58] J. Howser, 1900–1901[58] H.L. Gilkey, 1898–1899[58] G.W. Haskins, 1894–1897[58] W.I. Vawter, 1893[58] J.A. Whitehead, 1892[58] G.W. Howard, 1890–1891[58] William Crawford, 1888[58] Edward P. Geary, 1887[58][70] James S. Howard, 1886,[58][70] Medford's first mayor City councilEdit City Ward Map Medford municipal code divides the city into four wards, each represented by two city council members. Every biennium, one member from each ward is elected to serve a four-year term, creating an overlap where half of the eight-member council remains in office while the other half must campaign for reelection.[71] (elected 2008)[72] Tim D'Alessandro (elected 2016)[73] Kay Brooks (elected 2016)[74] Eric Stark (appointed 2019)[75] (elected 2018)[76] Clay Bearnson (elected 2014)[77] Kevin Stine (elected 2014)[78] Michael Zarosinski (elected 2014)[79] City managerEdit The city manager position is held by Brian Sjothun, the former Medford Parks and Recreation Director.[80] EconomyEdit Welcome sign near the north end of Medford Medford's economy is driven primarily by the health care industry.[81] The two major medical centers in the city, Asante Rogue Regional Medical Center[82] and Providence Medford Medical Center, employ over 2,000 people. As Medford is also a retirement destination, assisted living and senior services have become an important part of the economy. In the past, Medford's economy was fueled by agriculture (pears, peaches, viticulture grapes) and timber products. The largest direct marketer of fruits and food gifts in the United States, Harry and David Operations Corp., is based in Medford. It is the largest employer in Southern Oregon, with 1,700 year round and about 6,700 seasonal employees in the Medford area.[83] The recreational legalization of OR marijuana in 2012 has been a special boom for area agriculture. Of the more than two million pounds of marijuana grown in the state each year[84], $2 million a month is sold from Medford area retailers[85]. Lithia Motors, a Fortune 500 company and the 4th largest auto retailer in the U.S.,[86] has been headquartered in Medford since 1970 and was started in Ashland in 1946, named for a nearby springs.[87][88] Other companies located in the city include Benchmark Maps,[89] Falcon Northwest, Pacific International Enterprises, and Tucker Sno-Cat. Medford and the surrounding area is home to the expanding Oregon wine industry, which includes the Rogue Valley AVA. The city's historic downtown has undergone an economic recovery in recent years, using a combination of public funds and private investment. The revitalization effort led to the renovation of underutilized downtown properties and to the construction of a new Lithia Motors headquarters building in the district, completed in 2012.[90] Hospitality company The Neuman Hotel Group, based in nearby Ashland, OR, took over management and ownership of a large downtown motel, The Red Lion, in 2014, that had fallen into disrepair. Neuman Hotel Group renovated the property and renamed it Inn At the Commons.[90] RVMC Patient Tower DemographicsEdit 1910 8,840 393.6% 1920 5,756 −34.9% Est. 2018 82,347 [3] 9.9% Sources:[91][92][93][94] 2016 census estimateEdit The Census Bureau estimate for 2016[95] calculated an 8.9% growth in Medford since 2010 with 81,636 people in 29,751 households. Through 2015, the Census Bureau estimates that there were 7,427 veterans and 7.3% foreign-born persons. Among persons aged 25 or more, 86.4% had a high school degree or higher and 23.7% had a bachelor's degree or higher. Of people 16 or older, 61% of people held employment, and the median income was $41,931 (in 2015 dollars). 2010 censusEdit As of the census[2] of 2010, there were 74,907 people, 30,079 households, and 19,072 families residing in the city. The population density was 2,911.3 inhabitants per square mile (1,124.1/km2). There were 32,430 housing units at an average density of 1,260.4 per square mile (486.6/km2). The racial makeup of the city was 86.0% White, 0.9% African American, 1.2% Native American, 1.5% Asian, 0.5% Pacific Islander, 6.0% from other races, and 3.9% from two or more races. Hispanic or Latino of any race were 13.8% of the population. There were 30,079 households of which 31.9% had children under the age of 18 living with them, 45.1% were married couples living together, 13.1% had a female householder with no husband present, 5.3% had a male householder with no wife present, and 36.6% were non-families. 28.9% of all households were made up of individuals and 12.4% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older. The average household size was 2.44 and the average family size was 2.98. The median age in the city was 37.9 years. 24.1% of residents were under the age of 18; 9% were between the ages of 18 and 24; 25.4% were from 25 to 44; 25.3% were from 45 to 64; and 16.2% were 65 years of age or older. The gender makeup of the city was 48.4% male and 51.6% female. Points of interestEdit Alba ParkEdit Location: 42°19′26″N 122°52′34″W / 42.3238°N 122.876°W / 42.3238; -122.876 (Alba Park) The oldest park in Medford, Alba Park is located at the intersection of Holly and Main in downtown Medford was deeded to the city by the railroad company in 1888.[96] Known as Library Park after the 1911 construction of the Medford Carnegie Library, it was later renamed for Medford's sister city, Alba, Italy.[97] The park contains a gazebo, a statue of a boy with two dogs surrounded by a fountain pool, and a Japanese gun from World War II.[98][99] The annual Pear Blossom Run ends across the street from Alba Park at the Medford city hall, with an all-day fair conducted in the park itself.[100] Bear Creek Corporation/Harry & DavidEdit Main article: Harry and David Operations Corp. Medford is the birthplace of Bear Creek Corporation, known around the world for its fruit-laden gift baskets, especially locally grown pears.[101] Tours of the plant are open to the public. Bear Creek ParkEdit Bear Creek Park At nearly 100 acres (0.40 km2), this south Medford park is the second largest in the city (Prescott Park is the largest at 1,740 acres).[102] Bear Creek Park is bordered on the west by Bear Creek and the Bear Creek Greenway. On the park grounds are four tennis courts, a skatepark, a dog park, an amphitheater, a large playground, a BMX track, and a community garden.[103] Since 1925, the property hosting Bear Creek Park has been used for several purposes. The first section was purchased from a resident of Medford named Mollie Keene. The town used it for incinerating garbage until 1939. After that, it spent 20 years as a girl scout day camp before seeing private ownership again for a few years. Concerns about pollution in the Bear Creek received media attention in 1963 and the city purchased more property.[104] In 1988, a playground designed by Robert Leathers of New York was built.[105] The CommonsEdit The Commons is a public park built in the city's historic downtown district adjacent to the Lithia Motors headquarters building. It has been used as a venue for community activities. It was completed in 2012.[90] I.O.O.F. Eastwood Historic CemeteryEdit The cemetery, established in 1890, lies on 20 acres (8.1 ha) just north of Bear Creek Park. It includes the grave of J. S. Howard and other former residents of Medford. The Parks and Recreation Department offers free tours of the cemetery. Claire Hanley ArboretumEdit Main article: Claire Hanley Arboretum The Claire Hanley Arboretum was first planted in 1962 by Claire and Mary Hanley, two sisters raised on the historic Michael Hanley Farmstead along present-day Oregon Route 238.[106] It is part of a larger agriculture research center belonging to the Oregon State University. Located on the grounds are species of the dogwood cornus mas, the dove tree, and the Sorrel tree. Medford Carnegie LibraryEdit Medford Carnegie Library Main article: Medford Carnegie Library The Medford Carnegie Library is a two-story library building located in downtown Medford. It was erected in 1911 thanks to a gift from Andrew Carnegie, but was vacated in 2004 after a new library building was constructed near the Rogue Community College extension campus, also in downtown Medford.[107] Currently, there are plans to use the building for class reunions, public meetings, and for annexing some city offices from the neighboring City Hall building.[108] Roxy Ann Peak and Prescott ParkEdit Roxy Ann Peak overlooks Medford from the east Main article: Roxy Ann Peak One of Medford's most prominent landmarks,[109] Roxy Ann Peak is a 30-million-year-old mountain located on the east side of the city. Its summit is 3,576 feet (1,090 m) above sea level.[110][111] It was named for Roxy Ann Bowen, an early settler who lived in its foothills.[112] A significant area of Roxy Ann Peak (including the summit) is enclosed in Medford's largest park,[113] a 1,740-acre (2.72 sq mi; 7.0 km2) protected area called Prescott Park. The land was set aside in the 1930s and named in honor of George J. Prescott, a police officer killed in the line of duty in 1933.[114] The most commonly used trail on Roxy Ann Peak, part of Prescott Park, climbs about 950 feet (290 m) from the beginning of the footpath at the second gate to a height of about 3,547 feet (1,081 m). The trail is about 3.4 miles (5.5 km) one-way, and provides a panoramic view of the Rogue Valley. Vogel PlazaEdit Main article: Vogel Plaza Art in Bloom 2007 Finished in 1997 at the intersection of E. Main St and Central Ave in downtown Medford, Vogel Plaza has quickly become a center of activity for many local events.[115] One such event is the annual Art in Bloom festival, which is held around Mother's Day each year. During the two-day festival, over 10,000 people attend and more than 75 artists showcase their work while surrounded by live entertainment, workshops, food, and children's activities.[116][117][118] EducationEdit Main article: Medford School District (Oregon) Medford is served by Medford School District 549C and has two main high schools and an alternative high school: South Medford High School, North Medford High School, and Central Medford High School, respectively. In addition to the two public high schools, Medford has several private high schools. Two of the largest are St. Mary's School and Cascade Christian High School. In addition, there are 14 public elementary schools and two public middle schools, (Hedrick and McLoughlin). Medford 549C has over 13,000 students enrolled as of 2012[update]. Crossroads School is a private, alternative high school operating in Medford along with three others operated or affiliated with a church; Cascade Christian High School, St. Mary's High School, and Rogue Valley Adventist School. Grace Christian and Sacred Heart School are private elementary and middle schools in Medford.[119] In 1997, Grants Pass-based Rogue Community College (RCC) completed construction on a seven-building campus spanning five blocks in downtown Medford.[120] Nearby Ashland-based Southern Oregon University collaborated with Rogue in 2007 on the construction of an eighth building which will offer third- and fourth-year courses to students.[121] Pacific Bible College, formerly named Dove Bible Institute, was founded in Medford in 1989.[122] Crime and law enforcementEdit Murder Rape Robbery Assault Total Burglary Theft Car Theft Total 0 30 44 191 265 412 2,662 196 3,270 The Federal Bureau of Investigation publication "Crime in the United States" provides unranked statistical data from law enforcement agencies across the United States. The table to the right are statistics reported for the city of Medford for the years 2004 through 2007.[123][127][128] The FBI data for 2017 ranks Medford as the most dangerous city in Oregon.[129] As with any city that experiences rapid growth,[citation needed] Medford has seen a recent surge in gang activity and organized crime in the past decade.[130] Methamphetamine use is a problem in Medford and southern Oregon and is believed to play a role in numerous property crimes, including identity theft.[131] Police DepartmentEdit The Medford Police Department has 103 sworn police officers supported by a staff of 33 civilian employees and 30 volunteers.[132] MediaEdit KOBI 5.1 (NBC) KSYS 8.1 (PBS) KTVL 10.1 (CBS) KDRV 12.1 (ABC) KMCW-LP 14 (Telemundo) KMVU 26.1 (Fox) KDSO-LD 43.1 (theDove TV) KFBI-LD 48.1 (MyNetworkTV) RadioEdit KTMT 580 Sports KRTA 610 La Gran D – Regional Mexican KEZX 730 Fox Sports Radio KCMX 880 News/Talk KSJK 1230 JPR/SOU Public Radio News & Information KAPL 1300 Religious KMED 1440 News/Talk KSRG 88.3 JPR/SOU Public Radio Classical KSMF 89.1 JPR/SOU Public Radio Jazz KSOR 90.1 JPR/SOU Public Radio Classical KHRI 91.1 Air 1 Christian Rock KDOV-FM 91.7 Christian Top 40 KTMT-FM 93.7 Now 93.7 - Top 40 KRRM 94.7 Classic Country KBOY-FM 95.7 Classic Rock KROG 96.9 The Rogue - Active Rock KLDR 98.1 Top 40 KRVC 98.9 Hot 98.9 Today's Hits KRWQ 100.3 Country KCMX-FM 101.9 Lite 102 - Adult Contemporary KCNA 102.7 The Drive – Classic Hits KLDZ 103.5 Kool 103 - Classic Hits KAKT 105.1 The Wolf - New Country KYVL 106.3 Adult Album Alternative KIFS 107.5 KISS-FM Top 40 NewspaperEdit Main article: Mail Tribune The official newspaper of Medford and Jackson County is the Mail Tribune, which is owned by GateHouse Media. It began circulation in 1909 after a merger between the Medford-based Mail and the Ashland-based Tribune.[133] As of 2004[update], an average of 37,000 copies of the Mail Tribune are in circulation each day.[134] SportsEdit In addition to having several athletes who were famous natives or residents of the city, Medford played host to several professional sports teams since 1948. It was the home city for several professional baseball teams, most notably the Medford A's, later known as the Southern Oregon Timberjacks, of the Northwest League. They were a short-season single-A minor league baseball affiliate of the Oakland Athletics who played at historic Miles Field from 1979 to 1999 before relocating to Vancouver, British Columbia. There is currently talk about bringing an expansion franchise to Medford, but there is no suitable stadium to host such a team at the moment. Medford also hosted a professional indoor football team from the National Indoor Football League known as the Southern Oregon Heat in 2001. It played in the Compton Arena at the Jackson County Expo Park. Medford's Lava Lanes bowling alley previously hosted the PBA's Medford Open every January, which aired on ESPN, the last Open took place in 2009. Medford is the home of a Junior A hockey team, the Southern Oregon Spartans, who plays their home games at The RRRink in south Medford. Medford is host to the Medford Rogues, a collegiate wood bat baseball team, who plays their home games at Harry and David Field Each year, Medford hosts the Rogue Memorial Challenge on Memorial Day Weekend. This event is primarily based at US Cellular Community Sports Park, however uses fields across the city throughout the tournament. TransportationEdit The city of Medford is responsible for over 322 kilometers (200 mi) of roads within its boundaries.[135] Major highwaysEdit The I-5 viaduct in downtown Medford Interstate 5 runs directly through the center of the city. The section of freeway includes a 3,229-foot (984 m) viaduct that elevates traffic above Bear Creek and the city's downtown.[136][137] There are two freeway exits in Medford, one at each side of the city. Highway 99 runs through the city's center. Highway 62 runs through the northern portion of the town. Highway 238 runs through the northwestern portion of Medford. AirEdit Main article: Rogue Valley International-Medford Airport Medford is home to Oregon's 3rd busiest airport,[138] the Rogue Valley International-Medford Airport (airport code MFR). Over 1 million passengers use the airport annually,[139] Medford airport has two asphalt runways which handle about sixty daily flights from five airlines.[138] Medford's Airlines are Alaska Airlines (operated by Horizon Air), United Express, Delta Connection, United, American Airlines,and Allegiant Airlines. With expansion of the airport terminal underway, the facilities are quickly being upgraded.[140] BusEdit Main article: Rogue Valley Transportation District The greater Medford metro area has been served by Rogue Valley Transportation District (RVTD) since 1975.[141] The bus system operates eight routes from Monday to Saturday, four of which travel to nearby cities Central Point, Jacksonville, Phoenix, Talent, Ashland, and White City.[142] All routes connect at the Front Street Transfer Station, which since October 2008 has contained Medford's Greyhound Bus depot.[143] RailEdit There are no passenger trains that route through Medford. Amtrak trains serve nearby Klamath Falls. People in Medford can board the Southwest POINT Klamath Shuttle Amtrak Thruway Motorcoach (an intercity bus route) at the RVTD Front Street Transfer Station for a two and a half hour ride and guaranteed connection with Amtrak's Coast Starlight train at the Klamath Falls Amtrak Passenger Rail Station.[144] The last direct service was provided by the Southern Pacific Railroad to Portland, ending in 1956.[145][146] MaritimeEdit The nearest maritime port is the Port of Coos Bay, which is 167 miles (269 km) away. The nearby Rogue River is monitored for flooding at the Gold Ray Dam, a decommissioned hydroelectric dam built in 1906 near Gold Hill.[147] The National Weather Service identifies 3.6 meters (12 feet) as the flood level.[148] At this depth, navigability between the Pacific Ocean and the Rogue Valley is limited. Even a small "handysize" freighter is unable to make the trip,[149] and any ship hauling cargo to Medford would have to have a much smaller draw.[150] Therefore, Medford does not have a nearby maritime port. Medford in popular cultureEdit In the 1944 movie Double Indemnity, the fictional character Mr. Jackson said: "I'm a Medford man – Medford, Oregon. Up in Medford, we take our time making up our minds."[151] Sister cityEdit Shortly after the sister city program was established in 1960, Medford was paired up with Alba, Piedmont, Italy. The cities are 9,175 kilometers (5,701 mi) apart and were paired based on 1960 similarities in population, geography, and climate.[152][153] Every other year, both Alba and Medford take turns exchanging students. During March and April of one year, students from Medford's high schools will visit Alba and stay with host families. Likewise, Alba students will visit Medford every other year. Sixty-seven Medford students applied for the 2007 trip to Italy, but only 24 were selected.[154] It was former mayor of Medford John W. Snider who selected Alba during his 1957–1962 term, making a satellite phone call to Alba's former mayor Osvaldo Cagnasso.[56][155] Notable peopleEdit This article's list of residents may not follow Wikipedia's verifiability or notability policies. Please improve this article by removing names that do not have independent reliable sources showing they are notable AND residents, or by incorporating the relevant publications into the body of the article through appropriate citations. (July 2016) William Abercrombie, U.S. Naval officer Brad Arnsberg, baseball player and coach Justin Baldoni, actor Jeff Barry, baseball player Steve Bechler, baseball player Kent Beck, software engineer Bill Bowerman, track coach and Nike co-founder Paul Brainerd, founder of Aldus Software Devin Cole, mixed martial artist Scott Davis, former CEO of United Parcel Service Helen M. Duncan, geologist and paleontologist Edwin Russell Durno, Oregon state senator and representative Robert G. Emmens, Doolittle raider Dick Fosbury, high jumper, Olympic gold medalist and inventor of the Fosbury Flop David Frohnmayer, former Attorney General of the state of Oregon and President of the University of Oregon Les Gutches, World Champion Freestyle wrestler and Olympian Bruce Hale, college and pro basketball player Page Hamilton, musician and record producer Marshall Holman, professional bowler and PBA Hall of Famer Jon Lindstrom, actor Pete Loncarevich, BMX racer, and rider; lives in Medford Clinton "Fear" Loomis, professional Dota 2 player, won The International 2015 with Evil Geniuses Dave Luetkenhoelter, rock musician Danny Miles, basketball coach Jennifer Murphy, actress, former Miss Oregon and contestant on the fourth season of The Apprentice Bob Newland, NFL wide receiver for the New Orleans Saints Richard Nibley, violinist, composer and music educator Teo Olivares, actor Kellin Quinn, vocalist of Sleeping With Sirens James A. Redden, U.S. District Court Judge, former Oregon Attorney General and State Treasurer Edwin Reinecke, California Lieutenant Governor, U.S. Representative, implicated in Watergate scandal Jason James Richter, actor Lisa Rinna, actress, TV personality, The Real Housewives of Beverly Hills Ginger Rogers, Academy Award-winning actress and dancer; owned home in Medford Charles Royer, former mayor of Seattle, and director of the Harvard Institute of Politics Mark Ryden, painter Braden Shipley, professional baseball player for the Arizona Diamondbacks Kyle Singler, professional basketball player for the Oklahoma City Thunder Dick Skeen, former professional tennis player and teacher Vic Snyder, former U.S. Representative from Arkansas Jonathan Stark, former professional tennis player Scott Thurston, member of Tom Petty and the Heartbreakers Kevin Towers, general manager of the Arizona Diamondbacks Mike Whitehead, mixed martial artist Sandin Wilson, bass violinist and vocalist ^ a b "US Gazetteer files 2010". 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Mail Tribune archives. December 30, 1998. Retrieved January 18, 2008. ^ "Putting a Face on City Hall". Mail Tribune archives. December 27, 1998. Retrieved January 18, 2008. ^ "Staff Directory". City of Medford. Retrieved January 18, 2008. ^ "Greenway slowed by lack of funds". Mail Tribune. October 2, 2001. Retrieved February 11, 2008. ^ Dodge, Dani (April 4, 2002). "Nunley to conduct write-in campaign". Mail Tribune. Retrieved February 4, 2008. ^ Stiles, Greg (February 10, 1998). "Binney lands top coaching honor". Mail Tribune. Retrieved February 11, 2008. ^ a b "Since You Asked". Mail Tribune. December 24, 2008. Retrieved December 30, 2008. ^ a b "Old dairy holds fond memories". Mail Tribune. February 16, 1999. Retrieved February 4, 2008. ^ Stiles, Greg (August 3, 2003). "Channel 5 celebrates 50 years". Mail Tribune. Retrieved February 4, 2008. ^ a b c d e f g h i j k l m n o p q r s t u v w x y z aa ab ac "Medford, Oregon: Historic Context" (PDF). Medford Planning Department. 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Retrieved May 10, 2013. ^ "Obituaries". Mail Tribune. April 27, 1998. Retrieved February 11, 2008. ^ "Eastwood Cemetery Interments, D-G List" (PDF). Archived from the original (PDF) on October 15, 2007. Retrieved February 11, 2008. ^ "Dr. John Francis Reddy". Southern Oregon History, Revised. Retrieved May 1, 2013. ^ a b "Who Was Medford's First Mayor?". Southern Oregon History, Revised. Retrieved October 1, 2008. ^ "Ward Maps". City of Medford. Retrieved January 23, 2008. ^ "Dick Gordon". City of Medford. Retrieved March 31, 2009. ^ "Tim D'Alessandro". City of Medford. Retrieved July 26, 2018. ^ "Kay Brooks". City of Medford. Retrieved July 26, 2018. ^ "Eric Stark". City of Medford. Retrieved February 26, 2019. ^ "Alex Poythress". City of Medford. Retrieved February 26, 2019. ^ "Clay Bearnson". City of Medford. Retrieved July 26, 2018. ^ "Kevin Stine". City of Medford. Retrieved July 26, 2018. ^ "Michael Zarosinski". City of Medford. 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State of Oregon, Economic and Community Development Department. Archived from the original on May 19, 2007. ^ "Our Sister City". s City of Medford. Retrieved January 23, 2008. ^ Achen, Paris (February 27, 2007). "Medford students off to Italy". Mail Tribune. Retrieved January 23, 2008. ^ "Council welcomes mayor Rossetto and youth from Alba, Italy" (PDF). City of Medford Quarterly Newsletter. s City of Medford. October 2005. Archived from the original (PDF) on September 10, 2008. Retrieved March 24, 2008. Wikimedia Commons has media related to Medford, Oregon. Wikivoyage has a travel guide for Medford, Oregon. City of Medford (official website) Entry for Medford in the Oregon Blue Book Travel Medford Medford Urban Renewal Agency Retrieved from "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Medford,_Oregon&oldid=906836863"	cc/2019-30/en_head_0021.json.gz/line12579
__label__cc	0.539052	0.460948	Monitoring & Insights Influencer Database Advertising, Marketing and Media Real Estate and Furniture Appliance & Electronics World Expo (AWE) China International Import Expo Belt & Road Trade Shows/Conferences Investment & Financing Asia Pacific Travel & Tourism Mobile World Congress (MWC) Consumer Electronics Show (CES) RISE Hong Kong Auto Shanghai 2019 SNEC 2019 MWC Shanghai Beyond PR Blog Media Coffee Events in APAC Journalists & Media PR Calendar Asia Pacific Offices Alert / Newsletter Subscription Our Presence on Social Media Sites Natura &Co and Avon join forces to create a Direct-to-Consumer global beauty leader Natura &Co SÃO PAULO and LONDON, May 22, 2019 /PRNewswire/ -- Natura &Co (B3: NATU3) announces that it is acquiring Avon Products, Inc. (NYSE: AVP) in an all-share transaction, creating the fourth-largest pure-play beauty group in the world and a major force for good in the industry. The combination creates a best-in-class multi-brand and multi-channel beauty group, with direct connections to consumers on a daily basis. The group will hold leading positions in relationship selling through Avon´s and Natura's over 6.3 million Consultants and Representatives, a global footprint through 3,200 stores, as well as an expanded digital presence across all companies. The combined Group is expected to have annual gross revenues of over US$10 billion, over 40,000 associates and be present in 100 countries. Leveraging its iconic brands, common passion for relationships, and its omnichannel capabilities, the expanded group will bring beauty to over 200 million consumers across the world, anytime, anywhere, every day. By adding Avon to a portfolio that already includes Natura, The Body Shop and Aesop, Natura &Co will enhance its ability to better serve its different consumer profiles and distribution channels and expand into new geographies. Avon and Natura were both founded by mission-driven individuals, reaching customers through a force of independent, primarily female micro-entrepreneurs, who act as brand ambassadors and beauty advisors. Avon is an iconic brand with a heritage of over 130 years and is the world's leading relationship selling beauty platform. Its strong brands across key beauty categories and competitive positions in a number of markets give it significant potential for future growth. Natura &Co expects the combination to result in target synergies estimated at US$150 million to US$250 million annually, some of which will be reinvested to further enhance capabilities in digital and social selling, research & development and brand initiatives and to continue to grow the Group's geographic footprint. Luiz Seabra, Co-Founder of Natura, declared: "We have always looked at Avon with respect and admiration. Natura was founded on its passion for beauty and relationships, and today's transaction creates a major force in the direct-to-consumer space. Direct selling was a social network before the word even existed, and the arrival of technology and globalization only multiplied opportunities to connect with consumers in a meaningful way. The peer-to-peer sales model is evolving towards social selling and the power of digital allows the group to go beyond providing products and advice, and advances women empowerment, through financial independence and enhanced self-esteem. We believe that business can be a force for good and together with Avon, we will amplify our pioneering efforts to bring social, environmental and economic value to an ever-expanding network." Roberto Marques, Executive Chairman of Natura &Co, declared: "Following the acquisitions of Aesop in 2013 and The Body Shop in 2017, Natura & Co is taking another exciting, decisive step to build a global, multi-brand, multi-channel, purpose-driven Group. Avon is an amazing company, an iconic brand, with passionate associates and over five million Representatives who also believe in the power of relationships. Together we will enhance our growing digital capabilities, our social network of Consultants and Representatives and leverage our global store footprint and distinctive brands, connecting, touching and influencing millions of consumers with different profiles daily, making our Group unique and creating a formidable platform for growth." Jan Zijderveld, CEO of Avon, said: "This combination is the start of an exciting new chapter in Avon's 130-year history. It stands as a testament to the progress of our efforts to 'Open Up Avon', and we believe it will allow us to significantly accelerate our strategy and further expand into the online channel. Over the past year, we have started a transformation to strengthen Avon's competitiveness by renewing our focus on Her, simplifying our operations, and modernizing and digitizing our brand. Together with Natura, we will have broader access to innovation and a portfolio of products, a stronger e-commerce and digital platform, and improved data and tools for Representatives to drive growth and enhance value for shareholders. Further, with the support of Natura, we will continue to invest in cutting-edge technology to enhance our digital capabilities and productivity for our Representatives. Both Avon and Natura are purpose-driven organizations, and the combination will enable us to better serve our millions of Representatives, leveraging Avon's international presence with the same strongly-held commitment to enhancing Her experience and earnings." Chan Galbato, Non-Executive Chairman of Avon said: "Our focus has been to enhance the Representative experience, accelerate international expansion, improve our cost structure, increase financial flexibility, and ultimately position the company for long-term growth and success. The Board is committed to enhancing value for shareholders and this combination with Natura represents a new era of future growth for Avon. The Avon Board is confident that Natura will be a powerful partner for the Avon brand, while providing more scale, operations and expanded opportunities for employees and Representatives, and tremendous upside potential to both sets of shareholders. We are pleased to support this transformational combination." As part of this transaction, a new Brazilian holding company, Natura Holding S.A., has been created. Based upon the fixed exchange ratio of 0.300 Natura Holding shares for each share of Avon common stock, Natura &Co's shareholders will own approximately 76% of the combined company, while Avon common shareholders will own approximately 24%. Based on Natura's undisturbed closing price on March 21, 2019, one day prior to Natura issuing the Material Fact confirming negotiations between Avon and Natura, the transaction represents a 28% premium to Avon shareholders and implies a 2018 EBITDA multiple of 9.5x or 5.6x assuming the full impact of Natura's expected synergies. Based on closing prices on May 21, 2019, the transaction values Avon at an enterprise value of US$3.7 billion and the combined group would have an enterprise value of approximately US$11 billion. Upon closing, Natura Holding S.A.'s stock will be listed on B3 with a 55% public float and it will also have ADRs listed on the NYSE. Avon shareholders will have the option to receive ADRs traded on the NYSE or shares listed on B3. Further information is available in the Material Fact which can be accessed through the following link https://natu.infoinvest.com.br/ptb/7085/19550_691987.pdf Upon closing, the Board of Directors of the combined company will consist of 13 members, 3 of which will be designated by Avon. The transaction remains subject to customary closing conditions including approval by both Natura &Co's and Avon's shareholders as well as anti-trust authorities in Brazil and certain other jurisdictions. Closing is expected in early 2020. UBS Investment Bank and Morgan Stanley acted as financial advisors to Natura &Co. Goldman Sachs acted as financial advisor to Avon and PJT Partners acted as financial advisor to members of the Avon Board of Directors. Conference Call and Webcast NATURA &Co will host a conference call and webcast on Thursday, May 23 at 9:00 AM BRT, 8:00 AM EST to discuss the transaction. The conference call can be accessed by dialing +55 11 3193-1001 or +55 11 2820-4001 for Brazil, +1-646-828-8246 or Toll Free: 1-800-492-3904 for USA and Canada and +44 20 7442-5660 or Toll Free 0-808-111-0152 for United Kingdom. The confirmation code is Natura. Participants should dial in 10 minutes prior to the scheduled start time. A live webcast of the conference call and associated presentation materials will be available in the investor relations section of each company's website at http://choruscall.com.br/natura/extramay.htm About NATURA &CO Resulting from the combination of Natura, Aesop and The Body Shop, the corporate brand Natura &Co consolidates the creation of a global, multi-channel and multi-brand cosmetics group that is driven by purpose. The three companies that form the group are committed to generating positive economic, social and environmental impact. Founded in 1969, Natura is a Brazilian multinational in the cosmetics and personal care segment, leader in direct sales. Founded in 1976 in Brighton, England, by Anita Roddick, The Body Shop is a global beauty brand that seeks to make a positive difference in the world. The Australian beauty brand Aesop was established in 1987 with a quest to create a range of superlative products for skin, hair and the body. About Avon Products, Inc. For 130 years Avon has stood for women: providing innovative, quality beauty products which are primarily sold to women, through women. Millions of independent Representatives across the world sell iconic Avon brands such as Avon Color and ANEW through their social networks, building their own beauty businesses on a full- or part-time basis. Avon supports women's empowerment, entrepreneurship and well-being and has donated over $1 billion to women's causes through Avon and the Avon Foundation. Learn more about Avon and its products at www.avonworldwide.com. #Stand4Her. Media enquiries Natura &Co: Marcelo Behar, Corporate Affairs Officer Natura &Co natura@brunswickgroup.com Investor Relations Natura &Co: Viviane Behar de Castro, Investor Relations Director, Natura &Co RI@natura.net Media inquiries Avon: Natalie Deacon, Executive Director Communications, Avon Products, Inc. Email: media.enquiries@avon.com / natalie.deacon@avon.com Investor Relations Avon: Amy Greene, Vice President, Investor Relations, Avon Products, Inc. + 001 212 282 5320 Email: amy.greene@avon.com NO OFFER OR SOLICITATION This communication is for informational purposes and does not constitute an offer to sell or the solicitation of an offer to buy any securities or a solicitation of any vote or approval, nor shall there be any sale of securities in any jurisdiction in which such offer, solicitation or sale would be unlawful prior to registration or qualification under the securities laws of such jurisdiction. ADDITIONAL INFORMATION AND WHERE TO FIND IT This communication is being made in respect of the proposed transaction involving Natura Holding S.A. (collectively with Natura Cosmeticos S.A., "Natura") and Avon Products, Inc. ("Avon"). In connection with the proposed transaction, Natura will file with the Securities and Exchange Commission ("SEC") a registration statement on Form F-4 that will include a proxy statement of Avon and a prospectus of Natura. Natura and Avon also plan to file other documents with the SEC regarding the proposed transaction and a joint proxy statement/prospectus will be mailed to shareholders of Avon. This communication is not a substitute for any proxy statement, registration statement, proxy statement/prospectus or other documents that Natura and/or Avon may file with the SEC in connection with the proposed transaction. BEFORE MAKING ANY VOTING OR INVESTMENT DECISION, INVESTORS ARE URGED TO READ THE FORM F-4 AND THE JOINT PROXY STATEMENT/PROSPECTUS REGARDING THE PROPOSED TRANSACTION AND ANY OTHER RELEVANT DOCUMENTS CAREFULLY IN THEIR ENTIRETY WHEN THEY BECOME AVAILABLE BECAUSE THEY WILL CONTAIN IMPORTANT INFORMATION ABOUT THE PROPOSED TRANSACTION. The Form F-4 and the joint proxy statement/prospectus, as well as other filings containing information about Natura and Avon, will be available without charge at the SEC's Internet site (www.sec.gov). Copies of the joint proxy statement/prospectus can also be obtained, when available, without charge, from Natura's website at www.NaturaeCo.com. Copies of the joint proxy statement/prospectus can be obtained, when available, without charge from Avon's website at www.AvonWorldwide.com. PARTICIPANTS IN THE SOLICITATION Natura and Avon, their respective directors, executive officers and other members of their management and employees may be deemed to be participants in the solicitation of proxies in connection with the proposed transaction. Information regarding the persons who may, under the rules of the SEC, be deemed participants in the solicitation of proxies in connection with the proposed transaction, including a description of their direct or indirect interests, by security holdings or otherwise, will be set forth in the joint proxy statement/ prospectus and other relevant materials when they are filed with the SEC. Information regarding the directors and executive officers of Natura is contained in Natura's Reference Form for 2018, version 15, which was filed with the Brazilian Securities Commission on April 24, 2019. Information regarding the directors and executive officers of Avon is contained in Avon's definitive proxy statement for its 2019 annual meeting of shareholders, filed with the SEC on April 2, 2019. These documents can be obtained free of charge from the sources indicated above. CAUTION ABOUT FORWARD-LOOKING STATEMENTS Statements in this communication (or in the documents it incorporates by reference) that are not historical facts or information may be forward-looking statements within the meaning of the Private Securities Litigation Reform Act of 1995. Among other things, these forward looking statements may include statements regarding the proposed transaction involving Natura and Avon; beliefs relating to value creation as a result of a proposed transaction involving Natura and Avon; the expected timetable for completing the transaction; benefits and synergies of the transaction; future opportunities for the combined company; and any other statements regarding Avon's and Natura's future beliefs, expectations, plans, intentions, financial condition or performance. In some cases, words such as "estimate," "project," "forecast," "plan," "believe," "may," "expect," "anticipate," "intend," "planned," "potential," "can," "expectation," "could," "will," "would" and similar expressions, or the negative of those expressions, may identify forward-looking statements. These forward-looking statements are based on Natura's and Avon's expectations and beliefs concerning future events and involve risks and uncertainties that may cause actual results to differ materially from current expectations. These factors are difficult to predict accurately and may be beyond Natura's and Avon's control. Forward-looking statements in this communication or elsewhere speak only as of the date made. New uncertainties and risks arise from time to time, and it is impossible for Natura or Avon to predict these events or how they may affect Natura or Avon. Therefore, you should not rely on any of these forward-looking statements as predictors of future events. Except as required by law, neither Natura nor Avon has any duty to, and does not intend to, update or revise the forward-looking statements in this communication or elsewhere after the date this communication is issued. In light of these risks and uncertainties, investors should keep in mind that results, events or developments discussed in any forward-looking statement made in this communication may not occur. Uncertainties and risk factors that could affect Natura's and/or Avon's future performance and cause results to differ from the forward-looking statements in this communication include, but are not limited to, (a) the parties' ability to consummate the transaction or satisfy the conditions to the completion of the transaction, including the receipt of shareholder approvals and the receipt of regulatory approvals required for the transaction on the terms expected or on the anticipated schedule; (b) the parties' ability to meet expectations regarding the timing, completion and accounting and tax treatments of the transaction; (c) the possibility that any of the anticipated benefits of the proposed transaction will not be realized or will not be realized within the expected time period; (d) the risk that integration of Avon's operations with those of Natura will be materially delayed or will be more costly or difficult than expected; (e) the failure of the proposed transaction to close for any other reason; (f) the effect of the announcement of the transaction on customer and consultant relationships and operating results (including, without limitation, difficulties in maintaining relationships with employees or customers); (g) dilution caused by Natura's issuance of additional shares of its common stock in connection with the transaction; (h) the possibility that the transaction may be more expensive to complete than anticipated, including as a result of unexpected factors or events; (i) the diversion of management time on transaction-related issues; (j) the possibility that the intended accounting and tax treatments of the proposed transactions are not achieved; (k) those risks described in Section 4 of Natura's Reference Form for 2018, version 15, which was filed with the Brazilian Securities Commission on April 24, 2019; and (l) those risks described in Item 1A of Avon's most recently filed Annual Report on Form 10-K and subsequent reports on Forms 10-Q and 8-K. Source: Natura &Co Related Stocks: NYSE:AVP SaoPaulo:NATU3 Keywords: Cosmetics & Personal Care Household/Consumer/Cosmetics Retail Breville Group Acquires ChefSteps Joway Health Industries Group, Inc. Responds to Promotional Publications New PHNIX Full Range of R32 Inverter Pool Heat Pump and Cost-effective Commercial Water Heaters to Release in South Africa SINCE 2019 -- Visitor Pre-registration Start Now China Ceramics Receives Nasdaq Notification of Non-Compliance with Minimum Bid Price Rule Bright Scholar Announces Unaudited Financial Results for FY2019 Third Fiscal Quarter hkcs@prnasia.com Alert / Newsletter Our Presence on Social Media Conditions of Services Copyright © 2019 PR Newswire Asia Ltd. All Rights Reserved. A Cision company.	cc/2019-30/en_head_0021.json.gz/line12580
__label__wiki	0.9141	0.9141	Christian democracy For other uses, see Christian democracy (disambiguation). List of Christian democratic parties Centrist Democrat International Christian Democrat Organization of America European Christian Political Movement Konrad Adenauer Foundation Christian corporatism Cultural mandate Dignity of labor Just war theory Neo-Calvinism Neo-Scholasticism Popolarismo Progressive conservatism Social conservatism Social market economy Sphere sovereignty Kuyper's Stone Lectures on Calvinism Graves de communi re Laborem exercens Sollicitudo rei socialis Giulio Andreotti Alcide De Gasperi Eduardo Frei Montalva Keith Joseph Wilhelm Emmanuel von Ketteler Pope Leo XIII Jacques Maritain Pope Pius XI Robert Schuman Luigi Sturzo Part of the Politics series Anticipatory Athenian Deliberative Jeffersonian Liberal / Illiberal Multiparty Non-partisan Sectarian Semi-direct Totalitarian Kleroterion Democratic capitalism Democratic centralism Democratic confederalism Democratic republic Democracy and economic growth Democracy in Marxism Democracy promotion Majoritarianism Ochlocracy People's democratic dictatorship Sortition Tyranny of the majority Wars between democracies Wave of democracy Christian democracy is a political ideology that emerged in nineteenth-century Europe under the influence of Catholic social teaching,[1][2] as well as Neo-Calvinism.[nb 1] Christian democratic political ideology advocates for a commitment to social market principles and qualified interventionism. It was conceived as a combination of modern democratic ideas and traditional Christian values, incorporating the social teachings espoused by the Catholic, Lutheran, Reformed, and Pentecostal traditions in various parts of the world.[5][6] After World War II, the Protestant and Catholic movements of the Social Gospel and Neo-Thomism, respectively, played a role in shaping Christian democracy.[4] Christian democracy continues to be influential in Europe and Latin America, although it is also present in other parts of the world.[7] In practice, Christian democracy is often considered centre-right on cultural, social, and moral issues (and is thus a supporter of social conservatism), and it is considered centre-left "with respect to economic and labor issues, civil rights, and foreign policy" as well as the environment.[8][9] Specifically, with regard to its fiscal stance, Christian democracy advocates a social market economy.[8] Worldwide, many Christian democratic parties are members of the Centrist Democrat International and some also of the International Democrat Union. Examples of major Christian democratic parties include the Christian Democratic Union of Germany, the Austrian People's Party, Ireland's Fine Gael, the Christian Democratic Party of Chile, the Aruban People's Party, the Dutch Christian Democratic Appeal, the Christian Democratic People's Party of Switzerland and the Spanish People's Party.[10] Today, many European Christian democratic parties are affiliated with the European People's Party. Those with soft Eurosceptic views in comparison with the pro-European EPP are members of the Alliance of Conservatives and Reformists in Europe, or the more right-wing European Christian Political Movement. Many Christian democratic parties in the Americas are affiliated with the Christian Democrat Organization of America. 1 Political viewpoints 1.2 Social policies 2.1 19th Century 3 Christian democracy around the world 3.1 Latin America 4 Notable Christian democrats 4.3 Americas 5.1 International Christian democratic organizations 5.2 Related concepts Political viewpoints[edit] As a generalization, it can be said that Christian democratic parties in Europe tend to be moderately conservative, and in several cases form the main conservative party in their respective countries (e.g. in Germany, Spain, Belgium, and Switzerland: Christian Democratic People's Party of Switzerland (CVP), Christian Social Party (CSP), Evangelical People's Party of Switzerland (EVP), and Federal Democratic Union of Switzerland (EDU)). In Latin America, by contrast, Christian democratic parties tend to be left-leaning and to some degree influenced by liberation theology.[11] These generalizations, however, must be nuanced by the consideration that Christian democracy does not fit precisely into the usual categories of political thought, but rather includes elements common to several other political ideologies, including conservatism, liberalism, and social democracy. Economics[edit] Initially many Catholic political movements in the 19th century had opposed capitalism and socialism equally as both were seen as based on materialism and social conflict.[12] They instead preferred the ideal of self-sufficient peasants and the guild-organized craftsmen that many Catholic encyclicals advocated. However by 1914, many of these movements had later reconciled themselves to capitalism as the prevailing economic system while at the same time helping to organize Catholic workers and peasants within that system, as socialism came to be seen as the greater threat.[12] Consequently, this has led to the social market economy, which has been widely influential across much of continental Europe. The social market is a largely free market economy based on a free price system and private property, but is supportive of government activity to promote competitive markets with a comprehensive social welfare system and effective public services to address social inequalities that result from free market outcomes.[13] The market is seen not so much an end in itself but as a means of generating wealth in order to achieve broader social goals and to maintain societal cohesion.[14] This particular model of capitalism, which is sometimes called Rhine–Alpine capitalism or social capitalism, is contrasted to Anglo-American capitalism or enterprise capitalism. Whereas the former stresses partnership and cooperation, the latter is based on the unrestricted workings of market economics and as a consequence there is a willingness on the part of Christian democratic parties to practice Keynesian and welfarist policies.[14] In recent decades, however, some right-leaning Christian democratic parties in Europe have adopted policies consistent with an economically liberal point of view but still supporting a regulated economy with a welfare state, while by contrast other Christian democrats at times seem to hold views similar to Christian socialism, or the economic system of distributism. The promotion of the Christian Democratic concepts of sphere sovereignty and subsidiarity led to the creation of corporatist welfare states throughout the world that continue to exist to this day.[15] In keeping with the Christian Democratic concepts of the cultural mandate and the preferential option for the poor, Christian justice is viewed as demanding that the welfare of all people, especially the poor and vulnerable, must be protected because every human being has dignity, being made in the image of God.[8][16] In many countries, Christian Democrats organized labor unions that competed with Communist and social democratic unions, in contrast to conservativism's stance against worker organizations. Standing in solidarity with these labor unions, In Belgium for example, Christian Democrats have lobbied for Sunday blue laws that guarantee workers, as well as civil servants, a day of rest in line with historic Christian Sabbath principles.[17] Social policies[edit] Christian democrats are usually socially conservative, and, as such, generally have a relatively skeptical stance towards abortion and same-sex marriage, though some Christian democratic parties have accepted the limited legalization of both. Christian Democrats have also supported the prohibition of drugs.[18][19] Christian democratic parties are often likely to assert the Christian heritage of their country, and to affirm explicitly Christian ethics, rather than adopting a more liberal or secular stance;[20] at the same time, Christian Democratic parties enshrine confessional liberty.[21] Christian Democracy fosters an "ecumenical unity achieved on the religious level against the atheism of the government in the Communist countries."[22] Traditional moral values (on marriage, abortion, prohibition of drugs etc.),[23] opposition to secularization, opposition to state atheism, a view of the evolutionary (as opposed to revolutionary) development of society, an emphasis on law and order, and a rejection of communism.[22][6] Christian democrats are open to change (for example, in the structure of society) and not necessarily supportive of the social status quo, have an emphasis on human rights and individual initiative. A rejection of secularism, and an emphasis on the fact that the individual is part of a community and has duties towards it. An emphasis on the community, social justice and solidarity, support for a welfare state, labor unions and support for regulation of market forces.[24] Most European Christian Democrats reject the concept of class struggle (although less so in some Latin American countries, which have been influenced by liberation theology), opposing both excessive State institutions and unregulated capitalism in favor of robust non-governmental, non-profit, intermediary institutions to deliver social services and social insurance. Geoffrey K. Roberts and Patricia Hogwood have noted that "Christian democracy has incorporated many of the views held by liberals, conservatives and socialists within a wider framework of moral and Christian principles."[25] Christian Democrats hold that the various sectors of society (such as education, family, economy and state) have autonomy and responsibility over their own sphere, a concept known as sphere sovereignty.[26] One sphere ought not to dictate the obligations of another social entity; for example, the sphere of the state is not permitted to interfere with the raising of children, a role that belongs to sphere of the family.[26] Within the sphere of government, Christian Democrats maintain that civil issues should first be addressed at the lowest level of government before being examined at a higher level, a doctrine known as subsidiarity.[8] These concepts of sphere sovereignty and subsidiarity are considered to be cornerstones of Christian Democracy political ideology.[27] As advocates of environmentalism, Christian democrats support the principle of stewardship, which upholds the idea that humans should safeguard the planet for future generations of life.[8] 19th Century[edit] The origins of Christian democracy go back to the French Revolution, initially French republicanism and the Catholic church were deeply hostile to one another as the revolutionary government had attacked the church, confiscated the church's lands, persecuted its priests and had attempted to establish a new religion around reason and the supreme being.[28] After the decades following the French revolution, the Catholic church saw the rise of liberalism as a threat to catholic values. The rise of capitalism and the resulting industrialization and urbanization of society were seen to be destroying the traditional communal and family life. According to the Catholic Church liberal economics promoted selfishness and materialism with the liberal emphasis on individualism, tolerance, and free expression enabled all kinds of self-indulgence and permissiveness to thrive.[28] Consequently for much of the 19th century the Catholic church was hostile to democracy and liberalism. Later, however, many political Catholic movements were formed in European countries advocating reconciling Catholicism with liberalism, if not democracy. From about the 1870s, political Catholicism emerged based on the idea that it was to the Church's advantage to participate in the modern political process,[12] and it became a significant force in Germany, Switzerland, Belgium, and Austria. These Catholic political movements tended to have many similar policies of opposition to liberal secularism, civil marriage and state control of education. They were also against the common view of liberalism that church and state must be separated.[12] Consequently, they were closely connected to the church and confined to the faithful. The first priority was privileging Catholic teaching and the church in politics. Democracy was chosen because it was an expedient political tool, not because democracy was seen as an ideal.[12] In Protestant countries, Christian democratic parties were founded by more conservative Protestants in reaction to secularization.[6] In the Netherlands, for instance, the Anti-Revolutionary Party was founded in 1879 by conservative Protestants; it institutionalized early 19th century opposition against the ideas from the French Revolution on popular sovereignty and held that government derived its authority from God, not from the people. It was a response to the liberal ideas that predominated in political life. The Christian Democrats of Sweden, rooted in the Pentecostal religious tradition, has a similar history.[6] Largely as a result of the papal encyclical Rerum novarum of Pope Leo XIII, in which the Vatican recognized workers' misery and agreed that something should be done about it, in reaction to the rise of the socialist and trade union movements. The position of the Roman Catholic Church on this matter was further clarified in subsequent encyclicals, such as Quadragesimo anno, by Pope Pius XI in 1931, Populorum progressio by Pope Paul VI in 1967, Centesimus annus, by Pope John Paul II in 1991, and Caritas in veritate by Pope Benedict XVI in 2009.[29] At the same time, "Protestant political activism emerged principally in England, the Lowlands, and Scandinavia under the inspiration of both social gospel movements and neo-Calvinism".[4] After World War II, "both Protestant and Catholic political activists helped to restore democracy to war-torn Europe and extend it overseas".[4] Modern authors important to the formation of Christian democratic ideology include Emmanuel Mounier and Jacques Maritain.[30] John Witte, explaining the origin of Christian democracy, states that: Both Protestant and Catholic parties inveighed against the reductionist extremes and social failures of liberal democracies and social democracies. Liberal democracies, they believed, had sacrificed the community for the individual; social democracies had sacrificed the individual for the community. Both parties returned to a traditional Christian teaching of "social pluralism" or "subsidiarity," which stressed the dependence and participation of the individual in family, church, school, business, and other associations. Both parties stressed the responsibility of the state to respect and protect the "individual in community."[4] As such, Christian democracy has been adopted by Roman Catholics as well as many Protestant and Eastern Orthodox Christians. Christian democracy has evolved considerably since then, and it is no longer the Catholic ideology of distributism, although it is based on Catholic social teaching, as outlined in the 2006 official "Compendium of the Social Doctrine of the Church". (In Germany, for example, the Christian Democratic Party emerged as a grouping dominated by Rhenish and Westphalian Catholics, but also encompassed the more conservative elements of the Protestant population.) Following World War II, Christian democracy was seen as a neutral and unifying voice of compassionate conservatism, and distinguished itself from the far right. It gave a voice to "conservatives of the heart", particularly in Germany, who had detested Adolf Hitler's regime yet agreed with the right on many issues. Some Christian democratic parties, particularly in Europe, no longer emphasize religion and have become much more secular in recent years. Also within Europe, two essentially Islamic parties, the Democratic League of Kosovo and Turkey's ruling Justice and Development Party (usually known by the Turkish acronym AKP, for Adalet ve Kalkınma Partisi) have moved towards the tradition. The Democratic League of Kosovo is now a full member of the Centrist Democrat International (see below).[citation needed] Christian democracy can trace its philosophical roots back to Thomas Aquinas and his thoughts on Aristotelian ontology and the Christian tradition.[4] According to Aquinas, human rights are based on natural law and defined as the things that humans need to function properly. For example, food is a human right because without food humans cannot function properly. Christian Democratic initiatives based on its philosophy also have practical and political results in the movement's direction. Christian Democrats believe in the importance of intermediary organizations that operate in between the individual and the state. Therefore, they support labor unions but in many countries organized their own Christian trade unions separate from socialist unions. These unions in turn formed the strong left wing of many CD parties. Christian democratic opposition to secularism and support of religious organizations as intermediary organizations led to support for church operated schools, hospitals, charities and even social insurance funds. This resulted in strong Christian Democratic support for the government (or mandatory payroll tax) social welfare funding of these institutions.[citation needed] Christian democracy around the world[edit] Main article: List of Christian democratic parties The international organization of Christian democratic parties, the Centrist Democrat International (CDI), formerly known as the Christian Democratic International, is the second largest international political organization in the world (second only to the Socialist International). European Christian democratic parties have their own regional organization called the European People's Party, which form the largest group in the European Parliament, the European People's Party Group. Latin America[edit] This section has multiple issues. Please help improve it or discuss these issues on the talk page. (Learn how and when to remove these template messages) Find sources: "Christian democracy" – news · newspapers · books · scholar · JSTOR (January 2013) (Learn how and when to remove this template message) This section needs expansion. You can help by adding to it. (June 2008) Christian democracy has been especially important in Chile (see Christian Democratic Party of Chile) and Venezuela (see COPEI – Christian Democratic Party of Venezuela), among others, and partly also in Mexico, starting with the ascendancy of President Vicente Fox in 2000, followed by Felipe Calderón (see National Action Party (Mexico)). Cuba counts with several Christian democratic political associations, both on the island and in exile. The most significant is perhaps the Movimiento Cristiano de Liberación (MCL) led by Cuban dissident Oswaldo Payá, who was killed in a tragic automobile accident in the summer of 2012 and has been nominated for the Nobel Peace Prize. In Uruguay, the Christian Democratic Party of Uruguay, although numerically small, was instrumental in the creation of the leftist Broad Front in 1971. Australia[edit] Christian democratic parties in Australia include the Christian Democratic Party, the Democratic Labor Party (regarded by some as a social democratic party), and the former Family First Party (regarded by some as a liberal democratic party). The Democratic Labor Party (DLP) was formed in 1955 as a split from the Australian Labor Party (ALP). In Victoria, and New South Wales, state executive members, parliamentarians and branch members associated with the Industrial Groups or B. A. Santamaria and "The Movement" (and therefore strongly identified with Roman Catholicism) were expelled from the party, and formed the Democratic Labor Party (DLP). Later in 1957, a similar split occurred in Queensland, with the resulting group subsequently joining the DLP. The party also had sitting members from Tasmania and New South Wales at various times, though it was much stronger in the former mentioned states. This party was in agreement with the ruling conservative Liberal and Country parties on many issues, which resulted in their preferencing of these parties over the ALP. However, it was more morally conservative, militantly anti-communist and socially compassionate than the Liberals. The DLP heavily lost ground in the federal election of 1974 that saw its primary vote cut by nearly two thirds, and the election of an ALP government. The DLP never regained its previous support in subsequent elections and formally disbanded in 1978, but a small group within the party refused to accept this decision and created a small, reformed successor party (now the Democratic Labour Party). Though his party was effectively gone, Santamaria and his National Civic Council took a strong diametrically opposed stance to dominant Third Way/neoliberal/New Right tendencies within both the ALP and Liberal parties throughout the eighties and early nineties. In 2006, the new DLP experienced a resurgence. The successor party struggled through decades of Victorian elections before finally gaining a parliamentary seat when the Victorian upper house was redesigned. Nevertheless, its electoral support is still very small in Victoria (around 2%). It has recently reformed state parties in Queensland and New South Wales. In the 2010 Australian federal election, the DLP won the sixth senate seat in Victoria, giving it representation in the Australian Senate.[31] The Christian Democratic Party (initially known as the "Call to Australia" party) is identified with Protestantism and the strongly religious conservative end of the Australian political spectrum. It is active in state politics. It gained 9.1% of the vote in the New South Wales (NSW) state election of 1981. This party had some very similar social policies to the DLP. Its support base has generally been restricted to NSW and Western Australia, where it usually gains between 2–4% of votes, with its support being minuscule in other states. It has had two members of the NSW Legislative Council for most of its existence and currently holds the Balance of Power.[32] The CDP saw a surge in support during the 2016 Federal Election with a 96% increase in NSW.[33] The Family First Party is a former political party which was linked with Pentecostal Church and other smaller Christian denominations, and was also identified with the strongly religious conservative end of the Australian political spectrum. It has had one or two members in the SA parliament since 2002, and in 2004 also managed to elect a Victorian senator. Its electoral support is small, with the largest constituencies being South Australia (4–6%), and Victoria (around 4%). Family First generally receives lower support in national elections than in state elections. Family First was merged with the Australian Conservatives Party in 2017.[34] In the United States, the American Solidarity Party is a minor third party which identifies as a Christian democratic party.[35] Notable Christian democrats[edit] Raul Manglapus, co-founder of the Christian Democratic Socialist Movement in the Philippines Rufus Rodriguez, former president of the Centrist Democratic Party of the Philippines Pierre Gemayel, founder of the Kataeb Party in Lebanon Bachir Gemayel, former Commander of the Lebanese Forces (militia) and President-elect of The Lebanese Republic Samir Geagea, Former Commander of the Lebanese Forces (militia) and President of the Lebanese Forces Party Konrad Adenauer, first chancellor of West Germany after World War II and architect of the social market economy David Alton, politician and a founder of the Movement for Christian Democracy in Britain. Giulio Andreotti, long-time Prime Minister of Italy (1972–1973, 1976–1979, 1989–1992) Iuliu Maniu, former Prime Minister of Romania Jerzy Buzek, former President of the European Parliament (2009–2012) Derek Enright, politician and a founder of the Movement for Christian Democracy in Britain. Alcide De Gasperi, Italian prime minister and pro-European leader Éamon de Valera, president and prime minister of Ireland, whose Constitution of Ireland was influenced by Catholic social teaching Eddie Fenech Adami, former leader of the Nationalist Party in Malta (Partit Nazzjonalista); former prime minister and former President of the Republic of Malta Helmut Kohl, chancellor of West Germany and later the unified Germany Abraham Kuyper, founder of the Netherlands' Anti-Revolutionary Party (the first Christian democratic party), as well as the Neo-Calvinist Protestant movement, and a Prime Minister of the Netherlands Giorgio La Pira, Italian politician, from the left wing of Democrazia Cristiana Ruud Lubbers, a prime minister of the Netherlands and United Nations High Commissioner for Refugees Ken Hargreaves, politician and a founder of the Movement for Christian Democracy in Britain. Wilfried Martens, former Prime Minister of Belgium, president of the European People's Party Kjell Magne Bondevik, former Prime Minister of Norway Angela Merkel, since 2005, the first female Chancellor of Germany Viktor Orbán, since 2010, Prime Minister of Hungary Xabier Arzalluz, leader of the Basque Nationalist Party for two decades, until 2004 Karol Popiel, Polish politician and writer, minister in the Polish Government in exile 1941-3 Luigi Sturzo, Italian politician and one of the founders of the Partito Popolare Italiano in 1919 Aldo Moro, prime minister of Italy, killed by the Brigate Rosse Boris Trajkovski, President of the Republic of Macedonia Mariano Rajoy, former Prime Minister of Spain Herman Van Rompuy, first fixed-term President of the European Council Robert Schuman, French politician who has served both as head of government and foreign minister, leader of Popular Republican Movement; one of the founders of the European Union Wolfgang Schüssel, former Chancellor of Austria Adone Zoli, former Prime Minister of Italy Lech Wałęsa, Polish politician, trade-union organizer, and human-rights activist. A charismatic leader, he co-founded Solidarity, the Soviet bloc's first independent trade union, won the Nobel Peace Prize in 1983, and served as President of Poland 1990–1995 Diogo Freitas do Amaral, Portuguese politician and law professor. Former interim Prime Minister of Portugal (1980-1981), President of the United Nations General Assembly (1995-1996) and the European People's Party (1981-1982). Co-founder and the first President of the Democratic and Social Centre. Ludwig Windthorst, German politician and leader of Centre Party Joseph Görres, German writer and journalist, co-founder of an idea of the political Catholic movement Jean-Claude Juncker, Prime Minister of Luxembourg (1995–2013), President of the Eurogroup (1989–2009) and President of the European Commission (2014–present) Donald Tusk, Prime Minister of Poland (2007-2014), President of the European Council (2014-present) Vladan Batić, Serbian politician Dalia Grybauskaitė, President of Lithuania since 2009 Americas[edit] Patricio Aylwin, Chilean politician who served as president when Chile returned to democracy after the dictatorship of Augusto Pinochet Joaquín Balaguer, former President of the Dominican Republic Rafael Caldera, two-time President of Venezuela and author. Founder of Copei and National Convergence Felipe Calderón, former President of Mexico (2006–2012) José Napoleón Duarte, democratically elected President of El Salvador during its Civil War Cláudio Avelar, a Brazilian politician, Conservative Christian and businessman founder-president of UDC-Union of Christian Democracy of Brazil Party José Maria Eymael, a Brazilian politician, lawyer, and businessman, and founder of the Christian Democracy (DC) Eduardo Frei Montalva, Chilean politician and former president from 1964 to 1970 Eduardo Frei Ruiz-Tagle, Chilean politician and former president from 1994 to 2000 André Franco Montoro, former governor of São Paulo and founder of Brazilian Social Democracy Party Oswaldo Payá, founder and leader of the dissident Cuban Christian Liberation Movement (Movimiento Cristiano de Liberación – MCL). Died in a car accident in 2012. Has been nominated for the Nobel Peace Prize. Luis Herrera Campins, former President of Venezuela. Luis Bedoya Reyes, Peruvian politician and former mayor of Lima. Founder of the Christian People's Party. Lourdes Flores, Peruvian politician and former candidate to the Peruvian Presidency in 2001 and 2006. List of Christian democratic parties around the world International Christian democratic organizations[edit] Centrist Democrat International (CDI) – formerly Christian Democratic International Christian Democratic Organization of America (ODCA) – a CDI regional organization for the Americas European Christian Political Movement (ECPM) – a European party (non-CDI) European Democratic Party (EDP) – a European party (non-CDI) European People's Party (EPP) – the largest transnational European party of Christian democratic and conservative parties (a CDI and IDU regional) Related concepts[edit] Centrism Christianity and politics Christian Reconstructionism Christian republic Christian state Christian socialism Cultural conservatism Dominion Theology Georgism Islamic democracy Moderation theory One-nation conservatism Paleolibertarianism Political Catholicism Radical centrism ^ "This is the Christian Democratic tradition and the structural pluralist concepts that underlie it. The Roman Catholic social teaching of subsidiarity and its related concepts, as well as the parallel neo-Calvinist concept of sphere sovereignty, play major roles in structural pluralist thought."[3] "Concurrent with this missionary movement in Africa, both Protestant and Catholic political activists helped to restore democracy to war-torn Europe and extend it overseas. Protestant political activism emerged principally in England, the Lowlands, and Scandinavia under the inspiration of both social gospel movements and neo-Calvinism. Catholic political activism emerged principally in Italy, France, and Spain under the inspiration of both Rerum Novarum and its early progeny and of neo-Thomism. Both formed political parties, which now fall under the general aegis of the Christian Democratic Party movement. Both Protestant and Catholic parties inveighed against the reductionist extremes and social failures of liberal democracies and social democracies. Liberal democracies, they believed, had sacrificed the community for the individual; social democracies had sacrificed the individual for the community. Both parties returned to a traditional Christian teaching of "social pluralism" or "subsidiarity," which stressed the dependence and participation of the individual in family, church, school, business, and other associations. Both parties stressed the responsibility of the state to respect and protect the "individual in community."[4] ^ Heywood 2012, p. 83. ^ A. Galetto, Nino. Christian Democracy: Principles and Policy Making, Berlin, Konrad Adeneaur Stiftung, 1990. ^ Monsma 2012, p. 13. ^ a b c d e f Witte 1993, p. 9. ^ Freeden, Michael (2 August 2004). Reassessing Political Ideologies: The Durability of Dissent. Routledge. p. 82. ISBN 978-1-134-52146-3. ^ a b c d Robeck, Cecil M.; Yong, Amos (11 August 2014). The Cambridge Companion to Pentecostalism. Cambridge University Press. p. 178. ISBN 9781316060643. Pentecostals have also secured parliamentary representation, for example, in Australia, Colombia, Nicaragua, and Peru, and have helped form Christian political parties that have won parliamentary seats. A noteworthy case is Sweden's Christian Democrat Party, not only because it is in a continent where Pentecostals have struggled to make political headway but also because its Pentecostal founder, Lewi Pethrus, who challenged secularization by creating institutions to foster a Christian counterculture, was active at a time when Pentecostals in Sweden or the United States shunned politics. ^ Müller, Jan-Werner (2014). The End of Christian Democracy. ^ a b c d e Vervliet, Chris (1 January 2009). Human Person. Adonis & Abbey. pp. 48–51. ISBN 9781912234196. ^ Wankel, Charles (2009). Encyclopedia of Business in Today's World. SAGE Publications. p. 131. ISBN 978-1-4129-6427-2. The basic tenets of Christian Democracy call for applying Christian principles to public policy; Christian Democratic parties tend to be socially conservative but otherwise left of center with respect to economic and labor issues, civil rights, and foreign policy. ^ Van Hecke, Steven and Gerard, Emannuel. Christian Democratic Parties in Europe since the End of the Cold War, Cornell Press. ^ Szulc, Tad. "Communists, Socialists and Christian Democrats". Annals of the American Academy of Political and Social Science. 360: 102. ^ a b c d e Adams 2001, p. 60. ^ Turner 2008, pp. 83-84. ^ a b Adams 2012, p. 84. ^ Bak, Hans; Holthoon, F.L. van; Krabbendam, Hans; Edward L. Ayers (1 January 1996). Social and Secure?: Politics and Culture of the Welfare State: a Comparative Inquiry. VU University Press. ISBN 9789053834589. The Christian democrats promoted a corporatist welfare state, based on the principles of the so-called "sphere sovereignty" and "subsidiarity" in social policy. ^ Mainwaring, Scott (2003). Christian Democracy in Latin America: Electoral Competition and Regime Conflicts. Stanford University Press. p. 181. ISBN 9780804745987. ^ Witte, Els; Craeybeckx, Jan; Meynen, Alain (2009). Political History of Belgium: From 1830 Onwards. ASP-VUB Press. p. 119. ISBN 9789054875178. ^ Kerbo, Harold R.; Strasser, Hermann (2000). Modern Germany. McGraw Hill. ISBN 9780072928198. Conservatives, including the Christian Democrats, favor an abstinence strategy that aims at a controlled use of legal drugs such as alcohol, nicotine, and medical drugs, on the one hand, and prohibiting the use of illegal drugs (whether soft or hard), on the other. ^ Coleman, James William; Kerbo, Harold R.; Ramos, Linda L. (1 June 2001). Social Problems. Prentice Hall. ISBN 9780130413734. Conservatives, including the Christian Democrats, favor...the prohibition of all other drugs (whether "soft" or "hard" ) on the other. ^ Kersbergen, Kees van (2 September 2003). Social Capitalism: A Study of Christian Democracy and the Welfare State. Routledge. p. 63. ISBN 978-1-134-81834-1. The main ideological and integrative theme present from the start concerned an emphasis on general Christian values, both as a moral rejection of the atheist, immoral and materialist Nazism and as a manner of distinction vis à vis social democracy. The thrust of the Christian democratic argument was that politics had to be founded in Christianity and that a moral recovery was a prerequisite for social and economic recuperation. It was imperative to concede the importance of Christian ethics after an epoch of such inhuman and atheist cruelty (Heidenheimer 1960:33-4; Mintzel 1982:133). ^ Schindler, Jeanne Heffernan (2008). Christianity and Civil Society: Catholic and Neo-Calvinist Perspectives. Lexington Books. p. 144. ISBN 9780739108840. ^ a b Dussel, Enrique (1981). A History of the Church in Latin America. Wm. B. Eerdmans Publishing. p. 217. ISBN 978-0-8028-2131-7. European Christian Democracy after the Second World War really represented a common political front against the People's Democracies, that is, Christian Democracy was a kind of ecumenical unity achieved on the religious level against the atheism of the government in the Communist countries. ^ Poppa, Terrence E. (18 September 2013). Drug Lord: A True Story: The Life and Death of a Mexican Kingpin. Cinco Puntos Press. p. 12. ISBN 9781935955009. ^ Tre essays om Kristendemokrati (Three essays about Christian democracy), Prof. Janne Haaland Matlary, Pål Veiden and David Hansen ^ Roberts and Hogwood, European Politics Today, Manchester University Press, 1997 ^ a b Monsma, Stephen V. (2012). Pluralism and Freedom: Faith-based Organizations in a Democratic Society. Rowman & Littlefield. p. 133. ISBN 9781442214309. ^ Lamberts, Emiel (1997). Christian Democracy in the European Union, 1945/1995: Proceedings of the Leuven Colloquium, 15-18 November 1995. Leuven University Press. p. 401. ISBN 9789061868088. ^ Sturzo, L. (1947) 'The Philosophic Background of Christian Democracy', The Review of Politics, 9(1), pp. 3–15, p. 5 ^ Pombeni, Paolo (1 October 2000). "The ideology of Christian Democracy". Journal of Political Ideologies. 5 (3): 289–300. doi:10.1080/713682945. ISSN 1356-9317. ^ 'It's official – DLP wins Vic Senate seat', Australian Conservative, "Archived copy". Archived from the original on 14 December 2010. Retrieved 23 March 2012. CS1 maint: Archived copy as title (link) ^ "Home ⋆ Christian Democratic Party". Christian Democratic Party. Retrieved 20 October 2017. ^ "2016 Federal Election Results Update". cdp.org.au. ^ "Bernardi's Australian Conservatives to merge with Family First". ABC News. 25 April 2017. Retrieved 20 October 2017. ^ Longenecker, Dwight (12 May 2016). "Is It Time for a US Christian Democracy Party?". Aleteia. Retrieved 5 July 2016. In 2011 the Christian Democratic Party USA was formed, and after the 2012 election it was re-named as the American Solidarity Party. Small political parties in the United States do not have a great track record, but given the choices available to Christians, the American Solidarity Party may offer a way to vote according to one's conscience and according to their simple motto: Common Good. Common Ground. Common Sense. Adams, Ian (2001). Political Ideology Today. Manchester University Press. ISBN 0-719-06020-6. Coleman, James William; Kerbo, Harold R.; Ramos, Linda L. (2001). Social Problems. Prentice Hall. ISBN 978-0-1304-1373-4. Dussel, Enrique (1981). A History of the Church in Latin America. Wm. B. Eerdmans Publishing. ISBN 978-0-8028-2131-7. Grabow, Karsten (2011). Agethen, Karsten (ed.). "Christian Democracy: Principles and Policy-Making" (PDF). www.kas.de. Berlin: Konrad-Adenauer-Stiftung e.V., Sankt Augustin. ISBN 978-3-942775-30-4. Retrieved 20 January 2018. Heywood, Andrew (2012). Political Ideologies: An Introduction. Palgrave Macmillan. ISBN 0-230-36994-4. Kersbergen, Kees van (2003). Social Capitalism: A Study of Christian Democracy and the Welfare State. Routledge. ISBN 978-1-134-81834-1. Kerbo, Harold R.; Strasser, Hermann (2000). Modern Germany. McGraw Hill. ISBN 978-0-0729-2819-8. Mainwaring, Scott (2003). Christian Democracy in Latin America: Electoral Competition and Regime Conflicts. Stanford University Press. ISBN 978-0-8047-4598-7. Monsma, Stephen V. (2012). Pluralism and Freedom: Faith-based Organizations in a Democratic Society. Rowman & Littlefield. ISBN 978-1-4422-1430-9. Robeck, Cecil M.; Yong, Amos (2014). The Cambridge Companion to Pentecostalism. Cambridge Companions to Religion. Cambridge University Press. ISBN 978-1-3160-6064-3. Turner, Rachel S. (2008). Neo-Liberal Ideology: History, Concepts and Policies. Edinburgh University Press. ISBN 0-748-68868-4. Schindler, Jeanne Heffernan (2008). Christianity and Civil Society: Catholic and Neo-Calvinist Perspectives. Lexington Books. ISBN 0-739-10884-0. Wankel, Charles (2009). Encyclopedia of Business in Today's World. SAGE Publications. p. 131. ISBN 978-1-4129-6427-2. Witte, Els; Craeybeckx, Jan; Meynen, Alain (2009). Political History of Belgium: From 1830 Onwards. ASP-VUB Press. ISBN 978-9-0548-7517-8. Witte, John (1993). Christianity and Democracy in Global Context. Westview Press. ISBN 978-0-8133-1843-1. Gehler, Michael; Kaiser, Wolfram (2004), Political Catholicism in Europe 1918–1945, Routledge, ISBN 0-7146-5650-X Gehler, Michael; Kaiser, Wolfram (2004), Christian Democracy in Europe since 1945, Routledge, ISBN 0-7146-5662-3 Gehler, Michael; Kaiser, Wolfram; Wohnout, Helmut, eds. (2001), Christdemokratie in Europa im 20. Jahrhundert / Christian Democracy in 20th Century Europe, Böhlau Verlag, ISBN 3-205-99360-8 Kaiser, Wolfram (2007), Christian Democracy and the Origins of European Union, Cambridge University Press, ISBN 978-0-521-88310-8 Kalyvas, Stathis N. (1996). The Rise of Christian Democracy in Europe. Cornell University Press. ISBN 0-8014-8320-4. van Kersbergen, Kees (1995). Social Capitalism: A study of Christian democracy and the welfare state. Routledge. Lamberts, Emiel, ed. (1997), Christian Democracy in the European Union, 1945/1995, Leuven University Press Mainwaring, Scott; Scully, Timothy R. (2003), Christian Democracy in Latin America: Electoral Competition and Regime Conflicts, Stanford University Press, ISBN 0-8047-4597-8 Van Hecke, Steven; Gerard, Emmanuel (2004), Christian Democratic Parties in Europe since the End of the Cold War, Leuven University Press, ISBN 978-90-5867-377-0 Kalyvas, Stathis N. and Kees van Kersbergen (2010). "Christian Democracy". Annual Review of Political Science 2010. 13:183–209. Wikimedia Commons has media related to Christian Democracy. American Solidarity Party — Christian democratic party in the United States Christian Democracy Magazine — Online magazine exploring policy solutions in line with Catholic Social Teaching New Advent Catholic Encyclopedia — an article on Christian Democracy Christian Democracy in Western Europe: 1820–1953 — a book by Michael Fogarty 'Conservativism and Christian Democracy' — an essay by former (1992–2015) UK Conservative MP David Willetts 'Blue Labour + Red Tory = Christian Democracy?' — an article by Nicholas Townsend, April 2015 The Commoner — a Christian Democratic blog Alliance of Conservatives and Reformists in Europe Subsidiarity (in Catholicism) Neo-Thomism Christian democracy portal Christian left "Render unto Caesar" Two kingdoms doctrine Christian anarchism Clerical fascism Christian communism Evangelical left National Catholicism Theodemocracy Poverty and wealth Political theology Social Gospel Caesaropapism Divine right of kings Civil religion Political science of religion Anti-clericalism Anticlericalism and Freemasonry Confessionalism Divine rule Engaged Spirituality Political religion Progressive Reconstructionism Religious anarchism Religious anti-Masonry Religious anti-Zionism Religious communism Religious humanism Religious law Religious nationalism Religious pacifism Religion and peacebuilding Religious police Religious rejection of politics Religious segregation Religious separatism Religious socialism Religious views on same-sex marriage Secular religion Spiritual left Theonomy Blaine Amendment Christian anti-communism Christian anti-Masonry Papal ban Christian anti-Zionism Christian egalitarianism Christian environmentalism Evangelical environmentalism Christian fascism Positive Christianity Protestant Reich Church Mormon feminism Christian law Christian peacemaking Cisalpinism Febronianism Gallicanism Papal state Pillarisation Relations between the Catholic Church and the state In Argentina Temporal power Ultramontanism Neo-ultramontanism Hui pan-nationalism Human Rights in Islam Islamic anarchism Islamic anti-Masonry Islamic anti-Zionism Islamic fascism Islamic nationalism In Pakistan In South Asia Islamic pacifism Islamic socialism Islamic Zionism Islamization Khilafat Petro-Islam Political quietism Talibanization Two-nation theory Judaism and politics Halachic state Jewish anarchism Jewish anti-Zionism Haredim Jewish Autonomism Jewish democracy Jewish fascism Kahanism Revisionist Maximalism Jewish feminism Jewish pacifism Jewish political movements Jewish right Jewish secularism Jewish socialism Bundism Poale Zion Religious Zionism World Agudath Israel Hinduism and politics Akhand Bharat Hindu feminism Gandhism Hindu modernism Hindu nationalism Panun Kashmir Bangabhumi Hindu revolution Hindu revivalism Hindu environmentalism Integral humanism Indigenous Aryans Rama Rajya Saffronisation Shuddhi Buddhism and politics Buddhists anti-communism Buddhist feminism Buddhist law Buddhist modernism Buddhist nationalism 969 Movement Nichirenism Sinhalese Buddhist nationalism Buddhist socialism Engaged Buddhism Humanistic Buddhism American civil religion Imperial cult Gottgläubig Khalistan movement Neopaganist feminism Religious aspects of Nazism Creativity (religion) Nazi Satanism Personality cult State Shinto Left-wing politics Right-wing politics Industrialism Islam (Islamism) Progressivism (Progressive conservatism) Reformism Republicanism Retrieved from "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Christian_democracy&oldid=905967249" Democracy movements Christian movements Use American English from January 2014 Articles to be expanded from June 2008	cc/2019-30/en_head_0021.json.gz/line12581
__label__wiki	0.601353	0.601353	Ewing Township, New Jersey (Redirected from Ewing, NJ) Township in New Jersey Township of Ewing Aerial view of Ewing, looking southeast. Trenton-Mercer Airport, Interstate 295 and the Delaware River are prominent in the photo. Location in Mercer County and the state of New Jersey. Census Bureau map of Ewing Township, New Jersey Coordinates: 40°15′46″N 74°47′54″W / 40.262722°N 74.798307°W / 40.262722; -74.798307Coordinates: 40°15′46″N 74°47′54″W / 40.262722°N 74.798307°W / 40.262722; -74.798307[1][2] Named for Charles Ewing • Type Faulkner Act (Mayor-Council) Bert H. Steinmann (D, term ends December 31, 2018)[3][4][5] • Administrator James McManimon[6] • Municipal clerk Kim J. Macellaro[7] 15.599 sq mi (40.400 km2) 0.349 sq mi (0.903 km2) 2.23% 174th of 565 in state 8th of 12 in county[1] (2010 Census)[10][11][12] (2016)[13] 66th of 565 in state 3rd of 12 in county[14] 2,346.9/sq mi (906.1/km2) 5th of 12 in county[14] UTC-4 (Eastern (EDT)) 08560, 08618, 08628, 08638[15][16] 609[17] 3402122185[1][18][19] 0882128[1][20] www.ewingnj.org Ewing Township is a township in Mercer County, New Jersey, United States. The township is within the New York metropolitan area as defined by the United States Census Bureau.[21] It also directly borders the Philadelphia metropolitan area and is part of the Federal Communications Commission's Philadelphia Designated Market Area.[22] As of the 2010 United States Census, the township's population was 35,790,[10][11][12] reflecting an increase of 83 (+0.2%) from the 35,707 counted in the 2000 Census, which had increased by 1,522 (+4.5%) from the 34,185 counted in the 1990 Census.[23] 3 Neighboring municipalities 4.1 Census 2010 6.1 Local government 6.2 Federal, state and county representation 8.1 Roads and highways 8.2 Public transportation 10 Notable people Woodlands along West Branch Shabakunk Creek represent what Ewing looked like before Europeans arrived The earliest inhabitants of present-day Ewing Township in the historic era were Lenni Lenape Native Americans, who lived along the banks of the Delaware River. Their pre-colonial subsistence activities in the area included hunting, fishing, pottery-making, and simple farming. Europeans, mostly from the British Isles, began to colonize the area in the 17th and 18th centuries. One of the earliest European settlers was William Green, and his 1717 farmhouse still stands on the campus of The College of New Jersey.[24] The area that is now Ewing Township was part of Hopewell Township in what was a very large Burlington County at the beginning of the 18th century. In 1714 Hopewell was removed from Burlington County and added to Hunterdon County.[25][26] By 1719, the area which was to become Ewing Township had been removed from Hopewell Township and added to the newly created Trenton Township.[27] Portions of Trenton Township were incorporated as Ewing Township by an act of the New Jersey Legislature on February 22, 1834, posthumously honoring Charles Ewing for his work as Chief Justice of the New Jersey Supreme Court.[28] The township became part of the newly created Mercer County on February 22, 1838. After incorporation, Ewing Township received additional territory taken from Lawrence Township and the city of Trenton in 1858. In 1894 the city of Trenton took back some of that territory, annexing more in 1900.[29] When Ewing Township was incorporated in the 19th century, it was primarily farmland with a handful of scattered hamlets, including Carleton (now known as Ewing), Cross Keys (now known as Ewingville), Birmingham (now known as West Trenton) and Greensburg (now known as Wilburtha).[30] Since the beginning of the 20th century, the township has developed as a suburb of Trenton. The sections near the city border are distinctly urban, but most of the township is suburban residential development. The main commercial district extends along North Olden Avenue Extension (County Route 622), originally constructed to connect north Trenton residences with the now-closed General Motors Inland Fisher Guide Plant. Ewing Township today is the location of The College of New Jersey, the Community Blood Council of New Jersey, New Jersey State Police headquarters, the Jones Farm State Correction Institute, the Trenton Psychiatric Hospital, the New Jersey Department of Transportation headquarters, the Katzenbach School for the Deaf and Trenton-Mercer Airport. From 1953 until 1997 Ewing was the home of Naval Air Warfare Center Trenton, encompassing 528 acres (214 ha) on Parkway Avenue.[31] It was used as a jet engine test facility for the US Navy until its closure based on the recommendations of the 1993 Base Closure and Realignment Commission.[31] Nearly 700 civilian positions were eliminated, most of which were relocated to other facilities in Maryland and Tennessee.[32] The base's Marine operations were transferred to Fort Dix, which has since become Joint Base McGuire-Dix-Lakehurst.[33] A charity to end homelessness acquired the base at no cost in October 2013 in a process involving the United States Department of Defense, the United States Department of Housing and Urban Development, Mercer County and Ewing Township.[33] The first location of an industrial robot used to replace human workers was at Ewing's Inland Fisher Guide Plant in 1961, a facility that operated in the township for 1938 to 1998, after which the plant was demolished and targeted for redevelopment.[34][35][36] According to the United States Census Bureau, the township has a total area of 15.599 square miles (40.400 km2), including 15.250 square miles (39.497 km2) of land and 0.349 square miles (0.903 km2) of water (2.23%).[1][2] The Delaware River forms the western border of Ewing Township The highest elevation in Ewing Township is 225 feet (69 m) AMSL just east of Interstate 95 and just west of Trenton-Mercer Airport,[37] while the lowest point is just below 20 feet (6.1 m) AMSL along the Delaware River near the border with Trenton.[38] The largest body of water completely within the township is Lake Sylva,[39] a man-made lake that was created in the 1920s when an earthen dam was constructed across the Shabakunk Creek. The 11-acre (4.5 ha) lake is located on the campus of The College of New Jersey.[40] Water courses in Ewing include the Delaware River along its western boundary and the Shabakunk Creek in the eastern and central portions of the township. Within the township are a number of distinct neighborhoods. These include Agasote,[41] Altura,[42] Arbor Walk,[43] Braeburn Heights,[43][44][45] Briarcrest,[43][46][47] Briarwood,[43][48][49] Cambridge Hall,[43] Churchill Green,[43][50][51][52] Delaware Rise,[43][50][53][54] Ewing,[41][55] Ewing Park,[56] Ewingville,[43][57][58] Fernwood,[41][59] Ferry Road Manor,[60] Fleetwood Village,[43][50][61][62] Glendale,[41][43][59] Green Curve Heights,[63] Hampton Hills,[43][61][64][65] Heath Manor,[66] Hickory Hill Estates,[43][61][67][68] Hillwood Lakes,[69][70][71][72] Hillwood Manor,[43][61][73][74] Mountainview,[41][43][50][75] Parkway Village,[41][43][61][76] Prospect Heights,[41][43][77][78] Prospect Park,[77][79] Scudders Falls,[41][43][80] Shabakunk Hills,[43][81][82] Sherbrooke Manor,[43][61][83][84] Somerset,[41] Spring Meadows,[43][85][86] Spring Valley,[43] Village on the Green,[43][50][61][87] Weber Park,[77][88][89] West Trenton,[41][43][90][91] Whitewood Estates,[50] Wilburtha[41][43][92][93] and Wynnewood Manor.[43][61][94][95] Some of these existed before suburbanization, while others came into existence with the suburban development of the township in the 20th century. Map of neighborhoods in Ewing Township, New Jersey. Neighboring municipalities[edit] Places adjacent to Ewing Township, New Jersey Upper Makesfield Township, PA Hopewell Township Lower Makesfield Township, PA Lawrence Township Yardley, PA Trenton 1840 1,017 — 1880 2,412 −2.6% 1900 1,333 * −57.4% 1990 34,185 −1.9% Est. 2016 35,982 [13][96] 0.5% Population sources: 1840-1920[97] 1840[98] 1850-1870[99] 1850[100] 1870[101] 1880-1890[102] 1890-1910[103] 1910-1930[104] 1930-1990[105] 2000[106][107] 2010[10][11][12] * = Lost territory in previous decade.[108] Census 2010[edit] As of the 2010 United States Census, there were 35,790 people, 13,171 households, and 7,981.626 families residing in the township. The population density was 2,346.9 per square mile (906.1/km2). There were 13,926 housing units at an average density of 913.2 per square mile (352.6/km2). The racial makeup of the township was 63.14% (22,598) White, 27.62% (9,885) Black or African American, 0.30% (109) Native American, 4.30% (1,538) Asian, 0.04% (15) Pacific Islander, 2.24% (803) from other races, and 2.35% (842) from two or more races. Hispanic or Latino of any race were 7.62% (2,727) of the population.[10] There were 13,171 households out of which 22.3% had children under the age of 18 living with them, 43.0% were married couples living together, 13.2% had a female householder with no husband present, and 39.4% were non-families. 30.5% of all households were made up of individuals, and 11.5% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older. The average household size was 2.40 and the average family size was 2.97.[10] In the township, the population was spread out with 16.3% under the age of 18, 20.0% from 18 to 24, 23.0% from 25 to 44, 25.9% from 45 to 64, and 14.7% who were 65 years of age or older. The median age was 37.2 years. For every 100 females there were 88.7 males. For every 100 females ages 18 and older there were 85.9 males.[10] The Census Bureau's 2006-2010 American Community Survey showed that (in 2010 inflation-adjusted dollars) median household income was $69,716 (with a margin of error of +/- $2,668) and the median family income was $86,875 (+/- $4,312). Males had a median income of $56,308 (+/- $6,003) versus $52,313 (+/- $1,887) for females. The per capita income for the borough was $30,489 (+/- $1,527). About 4.7% of families and 10.0% of the population were below the poverty line, including 7.3% of those under age 18 and 6.4% of those age 65 or over.[109] As of the 2000 United States Census[18] there were 35,707 people, 12,551 households, and 8,208 families residing in the township. The population density was 2,328.6 people per square mile (899.3/km2). There were 12,924 housing units at an average density of 842.8 per square mile (325.5/km2). The racial makeup of the township was 69.02% White, 24.82% African American, 0.15% Native American, 2.27% Asian, 0.06% Pacific Islander, 1.83% from other races, and 1.84% from two or more races. Hispanic or Latino of any race were 4.44% of the population.[106][107] There were 12,551 households out of which 25.3% had children under the age of 18 living with them, 49.7% were married couples living together, 12.2% had a female householder with no husband present, and 34.6% were non-families. 27.7% of all households were made up of individuals and 12.1% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older. The average household size was 2.45 and the average family size was 3.00.[106][107] In the township the population was spread out with 18.0% under the age of 18, 17.3% from 18 to 24, 26.8% from 25 to 44, 22.1% from 45 to 64, and 15.8% who were 65 years of age or older. The median age was 37 years. For every 100 females, there were 93.0 males. For every 100 females age 18 and over, there were 90.0 males.[106][107] The median income for a household in the township was $57,274, and the median income for a family was $67,618. Males had a median income of $44,531 versus $35,844 for females. The per capita income for the township was $24,268. About 3.3% of families and 6.4% of the population were below the poverty line, including 5.4% of those under age 18 and 7.1% of those age 65 or over.[106][107] In mid–2013, Celator Pharmaceuticals established an office presence in Ewing.[110] In May 2013, Church and Dwight relocated its corporate headquarters from Princeton to Ewing.[111] Ewing's decommissioned Marine Reserve Center will be the headquarters of HomeFront, a charity dedicated to ending homelessness in the Mercer region, with construction starting summer 2014, including a shelter, job training and literacy programs, day care, computer rooms and a teaching kitchen.[33] Ewing Township Municipal Building Local government[edit] Ewing Township is governed under the Faulkner Act, formally known as the Optional Municipal Charter Law, within Mayor-Council plan 2 form of New Jersey municipal government, as implemented as of January 1, 1995, based on the recommendations of a Charter Study Commission.[112] The Governing Body of the township consists of five Council members and a Mayor, all of whom are elected by the voters of the community. The Mayor and Members of the Council are elected at-large to four-year terms of office, with either three seats up for election or two seats and the mayoral seat every other year.[8][113] As of 2016[update], the Mayor of Ewing Township is Democrat Bert H. Steinmann, whose term of office ends December 31, 2018.[3] Members of the Ewing Township Council are Council President David P. Schroth (D, 2016), Vice President Sarah Steward (D, 2018), Kevin Baxter (D, 2016), Jennifer L. Keyes-Maloney (D, 2016) and Kathy Culliton Wollert (D, 2018).[114][115][116][117][118][119] Federal, state and county representation[edit] Ewing Township is located in the 12th Congressional District[120] and is part of New Jersey's 15th state legislative district.[11][121][122] For the 116th United States Congress, New Jersey's Twelfth Congressional District is represented by Bonnie Watson Coleman (D, Ewing Township).[123][124] New Jersey is represented in the United States Senate by Democrats Cory Booker (Newark, term ends 2021)[125] and Bob Menendez (Paramus, term ends 2025).[126][127] For the 2018–2019 session (Senate, General Assembly), the 15th Legislative District of the New Jersey Legislature is represented in the State Senate by Shirley Turner (D, Lawrence Township, Mercer County) and in the General Assembly by Reed Gusciora (D, Trenton) and Verlina Reynolds-Jackson (D, Trenton).[128][129] Reynolds-Jackson was sworn into office on February 15, 2018 to fill the seat of Elizabeth Maher Muoio, who had resigned from office on January 15, 2018 to serve as Treasurer of New Jersey.[130][131] The Governor of New Jersey is Phil Murphy (D, Middletown Township).[132] The Lieutenant Governor of New Jersey is Sheila Oliver (D, East Orange).[133] Mercer County is governed by a County Executive who oversees the day-to-day operations of the county and by a seven-member Board of Chosen Freeholders that acts in a legislative capacity, setting policy. All officials are chosen at-large in partisan elections, with the executive serving a four-year term of office while the freeholders serve three-year terms of office on a staggered basis, with either two or three seats up for election each year.[134] As of 2014[update], the County Executive is Brian M. Hughes (D, term ends December 31, 2015; Princeton).[135] Mercer County's Freeholders are Freeholder Chair Andrew Koontz (D, 2016; Princeton),[136] Freeholder Vice Chair Samuel T. Frisby, Sr. (2015; Trenton),[137] Ann M. Cannon (2015; East Windsor Township),[138] Anthony P. Carabelli (2016; Trenton),[139] John A. Cimino (2014, Hamilton Township),[140] Pasquale "Pat" Colavita, Jr. (2015; Lawrence Township)[141] and Lucylle R. S. Walter (2014; Ewing Township)[142][143][144] Mercer County's constitutional officers are County Clerk Paula Sollami-Covello (D, 2015),[145] Sheriff John A. Kemler (D, 2014)[146] and Surrogate Diane Gerofsky (D, 2016).[147][4] The New Jersey Juvenile Justice Commission has its headquarters in the township.[148][149] Politics[edit] As of March 23, 2011, there were a total of 21,714 registered voters in Ewing Township, of which 9,358 (43.1%) were registered as Democrats, 3,256 (15.0%) were registered as Republicans and 9,087 (41.8%) were registered as Unaffiliated. There were 13 voters registered to other parties.[150] Presidential Elections Results 2016[151] 26.2% 4,296 70.2% 11,512 3.6% 596 In the 2012 presidential election, Democrat Barack Obama received 73.0% of the vote (11,910 cast), ahead of Republican Mitt Romney with 25.8% (4,218 votes), and other candidates with 1.2% (190 votes), among the 17,947 ballots cast by the township's 23,230 registered voters (1,629 ballots were spoiled), for a turnout of 77.3%.[152][155] In the 2008 presidential election, Democrat Barack Obama received 70.0% of the vote (11,911 cast), ahead of Republican John McCain with 28.1% (4,787 votes) and other candidates with 1.2% (200 votes), among the 17,021 ballots cast by the township's 22,913 registered voters, for a turnout of 74.3%.[153] In the 2004 presidential election, Democrat John Kerry received 62.0% of the vote (10,091 ballots cast), outpolling Republican George W. Bush with 34.7% (5,653 votes) and other candidates with 0.6% (135 votes), among the 16,284 ballots cast by the township's 22,019 registered voters, for a turnout percentage of 74.0.[154] Gubernatorial Elections Results 2017[156] 27.7% 2,815 70.3% 7,147 2.0% 201 In the 2013 gubernatorial election, Democrat Barbara Buono received 53.7% of the vote (5,279 cast), ahead of Republican Chris Christie with 44.7% (4,395 votes), and other candidates with 1.7% (163 votes), among the 10,070 ballots cast by the township's 22,876 registered voters (233 ballots were spoiled), for a turnout of 44.0%.[160][161] In the 2009 gubernatorial election, Democrat Jon Corzine received 59.4% of the vote (6,529 ballots cast), ahead of Republican Chris Christie with 34.1% (3,751 votes), Independent Chris Daggett with 4.7% (520 votes) and other candidates with 0.7% (81 votes), among the 10,989 ballots cast by the township's 22,263 registered voters, yielding a 49.4% turnout.[158] The Ewing Public Schools serves students in pre-kindergarten through twelfth grade. As of the 2014-15 school year, the district and its five schools had an enrollment of 3,713 students and 325.3 classroom teachers (on an FTE basis), for a student–teacher ratio of 11.4:1.[162] Schools in the district (with 2014-15 enrollment data from the National Center for Education Statistics[163]) are W. L. Antheil Elementary School[164] (646 students; in grades PreK-5), Francis Lore Elementary School[165] (552; K-5), Parkway Elementary School[166] (396; K-5), Gilmore J. Fisher Middle School[167] (870) for grades 6-8 and Ewing High School[168] (1,171) for grades 9-12.[169][170] A court case filed in 1946 challenged a policy of the Ewing Public Schools under which the district provided bus transportation to students living in the districts who attended private parochial schools. In Everson v. Board of Education, the Supreme Court of the United States ruled for the first time that state and local government were subject to the Establishment Clause of the First Amendment to the United States Constitution, but that it had not been violated in this instance.[171] The Ewing Public Education Foundation, established in 1995, is an independent, not-for-profit citizen's organization whose mission is to mobilize community support, concern, commitment and resources to help improve the quality of education in Ewing Township. EPEF provides grants to Ewing Township Schools for innovative educational programs through fund-raising activities, and corporate and institutional sponsorship. The Foundation also seeks to match corporate and organizational donors with teachers to fund additional projects of mutual interest. These programs enhance the educational experience without the use of additional taxpayer dollars.[172] The Mercer County Vocational School District's Thomas J. Rubino Academy (formerly Mercer County Alternative High School) is one of Mercer County's only alternative schools, offering an alternative educational program for students who have struggled in the traditional school environment, featuring smaller classes, mentoring and counseling.[173] The Marie H. Katzenbach campus of the New Jersey School for the Deaf serves 175 hearing-impaired students on a campus covering 148 acres (60 ha) that was opened in West Trenton in 1926.[174][175] The school was established in Ewing through the efforts of Marie Hilson Katzenbach and was renamed in her honor in 1965.[176] Incarnation-St. James Catholic School (formerly Incarnation School), constructed in 1955, is a Pre-K to 8th grade parish school administered by The Sisters, Servants of the Immaculate Heart of Mary and overseen by the Roman Catholic Diocese of Trenton.[177] The school added a parish center in 2003, which includes a gym, locker rooms, offices, meeting rooms, boiler room, and a kitchenette to be used to the benefit of its students, faculty, and staff. In 2006, the Incarnation School and parish combined with the St. James School and parish.[178] The Villa Victoria Academy is a private Catholic school in Ewing Township, christened as a private academy in 1933, and operated by the Religious Teachers Filippini. This single-gender school offers an education to young women from pre-kindergarten to twelfth grade.[179] The College of New Jersey (formerly Trenton State College) is located on a campus covering 289 acres (117 ha) within the township.[180] Ewing Township is traversed by multiple main roadways, as well as by a passenger rail line and is the location of an airport. Roads and highways[edit] View south along I-295 from Bear Tavern Road (CR 579) As of May 2010[update], the township had a total of 149.74 miles (240.98 km) of roadways, of which 108.73 miles (174.98 km) were maintained by the municipality, 28.16 miles (45.32 km) by Mercer County, 12.65 miles (20.36 km) by the New Jersey Department of Transportation, which also has its headquarters in Ewing, and 0.20 miles (0.32 km) by the Delaware River Joint Toll Bridge Commission.[181] Interstate 295 (the Scudder Falls Freeway and Bridge) crosses the northwestern section of the township. It is a 55 to 65 miles per hour (89 to 105 km/h), 4-6 lane divided freeway facility. Originally part of Interstate 95, it was constructed as a 4-lane facility in the 1960s, and widened to 6 lanes in the 1990s, with the exception of the Scudder Falls Bridge over the Delaware River. It connects south with Philadelphia, Pennsylvania and connects north to U.S. 1, where Interstate 295 curves south. From there, travelers use U.S. 1 or Interstate 195 and the New Jersey Turnpike to reach the next major destination northwards, New York City. The Ewing portion of Interstate 95 was redesignated as Interstate 295 in March 2018 ahead of a direct interchange between Interstate 95 in Pennsylvania and the Pennsylvania Turnpike being completed,[182][183] re-routing Interstate 95 onto the New Jersey Turnpike at Exit 6 (in Mansfield Township). U.S. Route 206 (Princeton Avenue) skirts the southeastern section of the township. It is a 25 miles per hour (40 km/h), undivided four-lane[184] roadway. Although part of US 206, it is actually maintained by the Mercer County Department of Transportation as part of County Route 583, which is co-signed with US 206. US 206 also connects south to Trenton, as well as north to Princeton and Somerville. View north along the Daniel Bray Highway and River Road (NJ 29 and NJ 175) in Ewing Signage for the Delaware River Scenic Byway along NJ 29 Route 29 (Daniel Bray Highway and River Road) extends north-south along the western edge of the township, along the Delaware River. The southern section, Daniel Bray Highway, is a 55 mph (90 km/h), divided four-lane facility with at-grade intersections and traffic lights, and was constructed in the 1950s. The northern section, River Road, is a 45 mph (70 km/h), undivided two-lane facility whose construction as a state highway dates from the 1930s. NJ 29 connects southwards to Trenton, and northwards to Lambertville and Frenchtown. The entire section of Route 29 in Ewing is designated the Delaware River Scenic Byway, a National Scenic Byway. Route 175 serves as a frontage road along the divided portion of Route 29. Route 31 (Pennington Road) extends north-south towards the eastern side of the township. It is a 35-45 mph (60–70 km/h), undivided four-lane facility whose construction as a state highway also dates to the 1930s. It once also carried a trolley line, but it has long since been removed. It was once proposed to be bypassed by a freeway, but this plan has since been cancelled. NJ 31 also connects south to Trenton, and connects north to Pennington, Flemington, and Clinton. Public transportation[edit] The West Trenton Railroad Bridge across the Delaware River. The West Trenton Station is at the terminus of SEPTA's West Trenton Line. This commuter rail facility mainly serves commuter traffic to and from Philadelphia. NJ Transit has proposed a new West Trenton Line of its own, that would stretch for 27 miles (43 km) from the West Trenton Station to a connection with the Raritan Valley Line at Bridgewater Township, and from there to Newark Penn Station in Newark.[185][186] Ewing Township is the site of the Trenton-Mercer Airport (TTN), which first opened in 1929 and is one of three commercial airports in the state. The airport has 100,000 takeoffs and landings annually, and is served by Frontier Airlines, which offers nonstop service to and from 10 different locations nationwide.[187] Ewing Township is also traversed by the Delaware and Raritan Canal near the Delaware River. Originally important to commerce and trade, the advent of railroads caused the canal's commercial demise. The strip of land along the canal is currently part of the Delaware and Raritan Canal State Park. NJ Transit provides service between the township and Trenton on the 601, 602, 607, 608 and 609 routes.[188] Points of interest[edit] The William Greene Farmhouse was the home of Judge William Greene, who was born in the 1600s in England and died in 1722 in Hunterdon County, New Jersey.[189] The William Green House is on the U.S. National Register of Historic Places and the New Jersey Register of Historic Places. Delaware and Raritan Canal - Runs along the eastern bank of the Delaware River in western Ewing Township. Washington Victory Trail - Documents the trail taken by George Washington's army during the American Revolution on December 26, 1776. This led to a successful surprise attack on the Hessian troops occupying Trenton, New Jersey. Victory trail begins in nearby Washington Crossing State Park, enters Ewing Township at Jacobs Creek Road (where George Washington's and his horse almost fell into the creek) and continues along Bear Tavern Road. General Sullivan's route follows Grand Avenue and Sullivan Way to Trenton. General Greene's route follows Parkway Avenue to Trenton.[190][191] Ewing Presbyterian Church Ewing Presbyterian Church is an historic building dated 1867 and set within the American Revolution era Ewing Church Cemetery. It is the fourth church to be built in the cemetery grounds. The current church building has been under threat of demolition after several engineering studies found the roof trusses are buckling and beyond the point of cost effective repair. Numerous preservation groups say that the structural problems are much easier to resolve than the studies claim. Various organizations have endeavored to raise funds to secure the stability of the original church structure.[192] Our Lady of Good Counsel Church, located on W. Upper Ferry Road, is a Roman Catholic church built in the early 1960s to meet the growing needs of the rapidly expanding township. Its architecture is similar to Saint Paul's Church in Princeton. The Church is a major worship center for the Catholic community in what is called the West Trenton section of the township.[193] Louis Kahn's Trenton Bath House was an early work of the influential mid-twentieth century architect, made for the Trenton Jewish Community Center (now the Ewing Senior & Community Center).[194] The offices and studios of radio station WKXW, "New Jersey 101.5", are located in Ewing.[195] Notable people[edit] See also: Category:People from Ewing Township, New Jersey. People who were born in, residents of, or otherwise closely associated with Ewing Township include: Pierre Bernard, graphic designer and comedian for Late Night with Conan O'Brien on which he hosts the segment "Pierre Bernard's Recliner of Rage".[196] Bonnie Watson Coleman (born 1945), politician, who has served as the U.S. Representative for New Jersey's 12th congressional district since 2015.[197] She is the first black woman in Congress from New Jersey.[198] Hollis Copeland (born 1955), former basketball player with the New York Knicks.[199] Steve Garrison (born 1986), Major League Baseball relief pitcher who played for the New York Yankees.[200] Janis Hirsch (born c. 1950) is a comedy writer best known for producing and writing for television series.[201] Wayne Krenchicki (1954-2018), former MLB third baseman.[202] William M. Lanning (1849-1912), Republican Party politician who represented New Jersey's 4th congressional district in the United States House of Representatives from 1903 to 1904.[203] Dick LaRossa (born 1946), politician who served two terms in the New Jersey Senate, from 1994 to 2000, where he represented the 15th Legislative District.[204] Davon Reed (born 1995), basketball player for the Phoenix Suns.[205] Glenn K. Rieth (born 1957), former Adjutant General of New Jersey (2002-2011).[206][207] Henry Rowan (1923-2015), engineer and philanthropist, for whom Rowan University was renamed, after he made a $100 million donation to the school.[208] Albert C. Wagner (1911-1987), director of the New Jersey Department of Corrections from 1966 to 1973.[209] ^ a b c d e f 2010 Census Gazetteer Files: New Jersey County Subdivisions, United States Census Bureau. Accessed May 21, 2015. ^ a b US Gazetteer files: 2010, 2000, and 1990, United States Census Bureau. Accessed September 4, 2014. ^ a b Mayor's Message, Ewing Township. Accessed July 11, 2016. ^ a b Elected Officials for Mercer County, State of New Jersey. Accessed September 6, 2014. ^ 2017 New Jersey Mayors Directory, New Jersey Department of Community Affairs. Accessed May 30, 2017. ^ Administration, Ewing Township. Accessed July 11, 2016. ^ Municipal Clerk, Ewing Township. Accessed July 11, 2016. ^ a b 2012 New Jersey Legislative District Data Book, Rutgers University Edward J. Bloustein School of Planning and Public Policy, March 2013, p. 73. ^ "Township of Ewing". Geographic Names Information System. United States Geological Survey. Retrieved March 5, 2013. ^ a b c d e f DP-1 - Profile of General Population and Housing Characteristics: 2010 for Ewing township, Mercer County, New Jersey, United States Census Bureau. Accessed November 18, 2012. ^ a b c d Municipalities Grouped by 2011-2020 Legislative Districts, New Jersey Department of State, p. 7. Accessed January 6, 2013. ^ a b c Profile of General Demographic Characteristics: 2010 for Ewing township, New Jersey Department of Labor and Workforce Development. Accessed November 18, 2012. ^ a b PEPANNRES - Annual Estimates of the Resident Population: April 1, 2010 to July 1, 2016 - 2016 Population Estimates for New Jersey municipalities, United States Census Bureau. Accessed June 16, 2017. ^ a b GCT-PH1 Population, Housing Units, Area, and Density: 2010 - State -- County Subdivision from the 2010 Census Summary File 1 for New Jersey, United States Census Bureau. Accessed November 18, 2012. ^ Look Up a ZIP Code for Ewing, NJ, United States Postal Service. Accessed January 23, 2012. ^ Zip Codes, State of New Jersey. Accessed October 11, 2013. ^ Area Code Lookup - NPA NXX for Ewing, NJ, Area-Codes.com. Accessed October 11, 2013. ^ a b American FactFinder, United States Census Bureau. Accessed September 4, 2014. ^ A Cure for the Common Codes: New Jersey, Missouri Census Data Center. Accessed October 28, 2012. ^ US Board on Geographic Names, United States Geological Survey. Accessed September 4, 2014. ^ New York-Newark, NY-NJ-CT-PA Combined Statistical Area, United States Census Bureau. Accessed December 28, 2014. ^ - Philadelphia Market Area Coverage Maps, Federal Communications Commission. Accessed December 28, 2014. ^ Table 7. Population for the Counties and Municipalities in New Jersey: 1990, 2000 and 2010, New Jersey Department of Labor and Workforce Development, February 2011. Accessed November 18, 2012. ^ About the Farmhouse, Friends of the Wm Green Farmhouse. Accessed January 7, 2015. "The house today mirrors the area's architectural history with sections from three distinct building periods. Circa 1717 to 1730 section: The oldest remaining section, is the southeast segment of the building. This was originally a 2 ½ story brick house. The fine Flemish bond brickwork of this section is similar to that used in the 1719 Trent House in Trenton. Its interior preserves original 18th-century detailing. Circa 1750 to 1790 section: The second oldest section, added as the Green family grew, is located behind the oldest portion. It forms the northeast segment of the house and added four rooms and a stair hall. Circa 1830 section: The third building stage, a two-room-deep brick addition to the west, nearly doubled the size of the house." ^ The Story of New Jersey's Civil Boundaries: 1606-1968, Bureau of Geology and Topography; Trenton, New Jersey; 1969. p. 52. Accessed January 7, 2015. "Hopewell township: From Burlington Court records, February 20, 1699/1700: The Hopewell township boundaries were "To begin at Mahlon Stacyes Mill [at what is now Trenton] And so along by York:road, until it comes to Shabbucunck, and up the same until it meet with the line of Partition that divides the Societies 30000 acres Purchase from the 15000 and then along the line of said Societies 30000 acres Purchase to Delaware River." ^ The Story of New Jersey's Civil Boundaries: 1606-1968, Bureau of Geology and Topography; Trenton, New Jersey; 1969. p. 162. Accessed January 7, 2015. "Hopewell township 1700 Feb 20, item 227: Formed in Burlington Co. 1714 item 4: Set off to Hunterdon Co. 1719 item 332: Part mentioned as Trenton (twp.)" ^ The Story of New Jersey's Civil Boundaries: 1606-1968, Bureau of Geology and Topography; Trenton, New Jersey; 1969. p. 164-165. Accessed January 7, 2015. "Trenton township 1719 June 3, item 332: Mentioned. Constable appointed for Hunterdon Co. 1720 Mar. 2, item 371: Boundary recorded. 1792 item 116: Part incorp. as Trenton city. 1798 Feb. 21, item 289: Incorporated. 1831 item 112: Part from Trenton city. 1834 item 102: Part to Ewing twp." ^ Hutchinson, Viola L. The Origin of New Jersey Place Names, New Jersey Public Library Commission, May 1945. Accessed August 30, 2015. "Ewing township 1834 Feb. 22, item 102: Formed from Trenton twp. in Hunterdon Co. 1838 item 99: Set off to Mercer Co. 1858 item 44: Part from Trenton city. 1858 item 403: Part from Lawrence twp. 1894 item 595: Part to Trenton city. 1900 item 282: Part to Trenton city." ^ History of Ewing Archived 2015-02-06 at the Wayback Machine, Township of Ewing. Accessed April 20, 2015. "In the early years of settlement, Ewing was chiefly a woodland area; however, after the Revolution, Ewing embarked upon a long period of agricultural growth and activity. In 1844, historians Barber and Howe described the Township as having some of the richest soil in New Jersey. Early development was in the form of small hamlets scattered throughout the Township, including Birmingham (now known as West Trenton), Ewing, Ewingville, and Greensburg (now Wilburtha)." ^ a b Former Naval Air Warfare Center Trenton, United States Navy. Accessed October 28, 2014. "The former Naval Air Warfare Center (NAWC) Trenton is located in Ewing Township, New Jersey." ^ Staff. "Base-Closing Panel Wraps Up Five Days of Voting", The New York Times, June 28, 1993. Accessed October 11, 2013. "Under the panel's plan for the Ewing unit, the Naval Air Warfare Center, Aircraft Division, would be divided between the Arnold Engineering Center in Tullahoma, Tenn., and the Naval Air Warfare Center at Patuxent River, Md.... Officials were unclear how many people would lose their jobs because of the closing. The Ewing base employs 680 civilians and seven military workers, of whom 157 engineers and other high-level personnel are already awaiting transfer to Patuxent River as part of a 1991 base-closing decision." ^ a b c McGrath, Brendan. "HomeFront charity to take over Marine Reserve Center in Ewing", The Times (Trenton), June 16, 2014. Accessed October 28, 2014. "HomeFront, the charity dedicated to ending homelessness in the Mercer region, will soon begin construction on its new headquarters as it takes over the decommissioned Marine Reserve Center in Ewing.... The Marine operations at the base were transferred to Fort Dix, which has since become Joint Base McGuire-Dix-Lakehurst." ^ Mickle, Paul. "1961: A peep into the automated future", The Trentonian. Accessed January 17, 2015. "Without any fanfare, the world's first working robot joined the assembly line at the General Motors plant in Ewing Township in the spring of 1961." ^ Famous Firsts in New Jersey, State of New Jersey. Accessed January 18, 2015. "The first robot to replace a human worker was used by General Motors in Ewing Township in 1961." ^ Galler, Joan. "Ewing's vacant General Motors site soon to be cleaned", The Trentonian, August 10, 2011. Accessed January 18, 2015. ^ Interchange 2 USGS Pennington Quad, NJ, PA, Topographic Map, TopoZone. Accessed November 18, 2012. ^ USGS Trenton West Quad, NJ, PA, Topographic Map, TopoZone. Accessed November 18, 2012. ^ "Environmental Resource Inventory for the Township of Ewing, Mercer County, New Jersey" (PDF). Retrieved May 27, 2013. There are two major lakes in Ewing Township: Lake Ceva and Lake Sylva. These open bodies of water are permanent waters and were created by damming Shabakunk Creek. Although they are classified as true lakes by federal and state maps, these lakes are man-made impoundments. Lake Sylva covers 10.6 acres and Lake Ceva covers 6.4 acres. ^ USGS 01463740 Shabakunk C at Sylva Lake Dam at Ewingville NJ, United States Geological Survey. Accessed October 11, 2013. ^ a b c d e f g h i j k Locality Search, State of New Jersey. Accessed January 25, 2015. ^ Google (January 9, 2015). "Altura, New Jersey" (Map). Google Maps. Google. Retrieved January 9, 2015. ^ a b c d e f g h i j k l m n o p q r s t u v w x y "Ewing New Jersey Neighborhoods". Weidel Realtors. Archived from the original on April 2, 2015. Retrieved April 24, 2015. ^ Google (January 9, 2015). "Braeburn Heights, New Jersey" (Map). Google Maps. Google. Retrieved January 9, 2015. ^ "Brae Burn Heights, Ewing Township, New Jersey". livingplaces.com. Retrieved January 18, 2015. Brae Burn Heights (also known as Brae Burn Park) is a residential neighborhood of detached, single family homes built from the 1940s through the 1970s. Median lot size is less than 1/5th of an acre. The Brae Burn Heights neighborhood is generally bounded by Parkside Avenue, Pennington Road, Somerset Street and Buttonwood Drive. ^ "Briarcrest". Living Places. Retrieved February 26, 2015. ^ "Briarcrest, Ewing". Weichert Realtors. Archived from the original on February 26, 2015. Retrieved February 26, 2015. ^ "The Briarwood Development". Remax New Jersey. Retrieved March 20, 2015. ^ "Ewing New Jersey Homes". Weidel Realtors. Archived from the original on April 2, 2015. Retrieved March 20, 2015. Briarwood was built in 1975. There are 54 homes in this neighborhood of Ewing. ^ a b c d e f "Neighborhoods in Mercer County New Jersey". Living Places. Retrieved February 26, 2015. ^ "Churchill Green, Ewing". Berkshire Hathaway Home Services. Retrieved February 26, 2015. ^ "Churchill Green, Ewing". Weichert Realtors. Archived from the original on February 26, 2015. Retrieved February 26, 2015. ^ "Delaware Rise, Ewing". Berkshire Hathaway Home Services. Retrieved February 26, 2015. ^ "Delaware Rise, Ewing". Weichert Realtors. Archived from the original on February 26, 2015. Retrieved February 26, 2015. ^ Jo Ann Tesauro (2002). Images of America: Ewing Township. Arcadia Publishing. p. 8. ISBN 0-7385-1040-8. The Carleton/Ewing/Ewing Presbyterian Church area was a small village at the intersection of today's Upper Ferry and Scotch Roads and the lands to the north, where the railroad crosses Scotch Road. It contained nine homesteads, a blacksmith, a wheelwright shop, a church and a flour mill. ^ "Relationship between TCNJ off-campus students, Ewing residents improving". nj.com. Retrieved March 20, 2015. In September and October, Russell said TCNJ students were their usual rowdy selves in the Ewing Park neighborhood just south of campus, off Green Lane. ^ Jo Ann Tesauro (2002). Images of America: Ewing Township. Arcadia Publishing. p. 8. ISBN 0-7385-1040-8. Cross Keys/Ewingville was a village with its main intersection at today's Pennington, Ewingville and Upper Ferry Roads. This bustling town was named after William Green's Cross Keys Inn, located on the northeast corner of the intersection in the 1700s. ^ Jo Ann Tesauro (2002). Images of America: Ewing Township. Arcadia Publishing. p. 64. ISBN 0-7385-1040-8. In the 1700s and part of 1800s, this village was called Cross Keys, as was the hotel at its main intersection. In 1836, after the incorporation of Ewing Township in 1834, the village became known as Ewingville. ^ a b "History of Ewing". Township of Ewing. Archived from the original on February 6, 2015. Retrieved February 26, 2015. Despite the early development of the streetcar suburbs, Ewing grew slowly in the first quarter of the 20th century: by 1920 the population of the Township stood at 3500. The area remained predominantly rural in nature until just prior to World War II, when new industries would begin a long period of growth and development for the Township. With the construction of the General Motors plant in 1938 and the employment opportunities that accompanied it, new communities such as the Glendale and Fernwood began to be built. By 1940, only twenty years later, the Township's population had almost tripled to 10,146. ^ Google (January 9, 2015). "Ferry Road Manor, New Jersey" (Map). Google Maps. Google. Retrieved January 9, 2015. ^ a b c d e f g h "History of Ewing". Township of Ewing. Archived from the original on February 6, 2015. Retrieved February 26, 2015. After World War II Ewing Township grew rapidly, reflected by the construction of a variety of housing, including Parkway Village, Moss Homes, Wynnwood Manor and Fleetwood Village. Later subdivisions include Hampton Hill, Hillwood Manor, Sherbrooke, Hickory Hills and Village on the Green. By 1960, the population of the Township had grown to 26,828. ^ "Fleetwood Village, Ewing". Weichert Realtors. Archived from the original on February 26, 2015. Retrieved February 26, 2015. ^ Google (January 9, 2015). "Green Curve Heights, New Jersey" (Map). Google Maps. Google. Retrieved January 9, 2015. ^ "Hampton Hills". Living Places. Retrieved February 26, 2015. ^ "Hampton Hills, Ewing". Weichert Realtors. Archived from the original on February 26, 2015. Retrieved February 26, 2015. ^ Google (January 9, 2015). "Heath Manor, New Jersey" (Map). Google Maps. Google. Retrieved January 9, 2015. ^ "Hickory Hill Estates". Living Places. Retrieved February 26, 2015. ^ "Hickory Hill Estates, Ewing". Weichert Realtors. Archived from the original on February 26, 2015. Retrieved February 26, 2015. ^ "Environmental Resource Inventory for the Township of Ewing, Mercer County, New Jersey (page 83)" (PDF). Delaware Valley Regional Planning Commission. Retrieved March 26, 2015. ^ "1933: The genius next door". The Trentonian. Retrieved March 26, 2015. The New Jersey State Teacher College moved out of Trenton and into the campus of red-brick halls in the Hillwood Lakes section of Ewing. Later, the school would be renamed Trenton State College; In 1996, it became the College of New Jersey. ^ "Lake Ceva be dammed". The Signal. Retrieved March 26, 2015. Deborah Knox, associate professor of computer science, and her husband Dan, residents of the local Hillwood Lakes community in Ewing, brought up several concerns. Deborah Knox walks to the College and was concerned that the walkway she traverses each day would be obstructed by the work. ^ Barron's Guide to the Most Competitive Colleges, p. 206. Barron's Educational Series, 2009. ISBN 9780764142260. Accessed January 17, 2018. "The campus itself is a quiet oasis within bustling Ewing Township, closed to outside traffic and encircled by Metzger Drive, a two-mile loop popular with joggers, walkers, and bikers. An abundance of trees and the bordering Hillwood Lakes — Lake Sylva and Lake Ceva — give the campus a natural, pristine feel, despite its location in the heart of suburban New Jersey." ^ "Hillwood Manor". Living Places. Retrieved February 26, 2015. ^ "Hillwood Manor, Ewing". Weichert Realtors. Archived from the original on February 26, 2015. Retrieved February 26, 2015. ^ "Mountainview, Ewing Township, New Jersey". livingplaces.com. Retrieved January 18, 2015. Mountainview is a residential neighborhood with homes built primarily during the 1960s and 1970s. Median age is ca. 1963. Typical homes are 3-4 bedrooms, 1-1/2 to 2-1/2 baths, most having garages (1, 2 or 3-car). Median lot size is approximately 1/2 acre. Median interior living space is approximately 2,300 sq. ft. The neighborhood boundaries are generally, Jacobs Creek Road on the north and Mountainview Road on the south. ^ "Parkway Village, Ewing Township, New Jersey". livingplaces.com. Retrieved January 18, 2015. Parkway Village is a residential development of detached, single family homes built primarily during the 1940s and 1950s. Median age is ca. 1952. Median interior living space is approximately 1,400 sq. ft. Median lot size is less than 1/5th of an acre. Access to the Parkway Village neighborhood is from Lower Ferry Road onto Terrace Boulevard, Fireside Drive or Winthrop Avenue; from Parkway Avenue onto Stratford Avenue, Rutledge Avenue, Dunmore Avenue or Farrell Drive. ^ a b c "History of Ewing". Township of Ewing. Archived from the original on February 6, 2015. Retrieved February 26, 2015. By the early 20th century, Trenton had become a major industrial center, and the population of the city rapidly increased. The areas of Ewing adjacent to Trenton began to take on urban characteristics, absorbing the population overflow from the city. Many Trenton residents discovered the advantages of living in Ewing, and the Township began to change from an agricultural to a residential community. Trains and streetcars enabled people to live further from the center of Trenton. Areas such as Homecrest, Prospect Heights, Prospect Park, and Weber Park were established near the borders of the City of Trenton, some of the earliest 'suburban' developments in Ewing. ^ "Prospect Heights, Ewing Township, New Jersey". livingplaces.com. Retrieved January 18, 2015. Prospect Heights is a residential neighborhood of detached, single family homes most of which were built from the 1920s through the 1970s. Median age is ca. 1953. Median lot size is less than 1/5th of an acre. Median interior living space is approximately 1,500 sq. ft. Homes are typically 2 to 4 bedrooms with 1 to 2 baths; about 2/3rds of the homes have full basements; approximately half of the homes have garages. Access to the Prospect Heights neighborhood is from Olden Avenue North onto 5th, 6th or Prospect Streets; from Parkside Avenue onto Buttonwood Drive; from Spruce Street onto Prospect Street. ^ Google (January 9, 2015). "Prospect Park, New Jersey" (Map). Google Maps. Google. Retrieved January 9, 2015. ^ "Scudders Falls". American Whitewater. Retrieved February 4, 2015. ^ "Shabakunk Hills". Living Places. Retrieved February 26, 2015. ^ "Shabakunk Hills, Ewing". Berkshire Hathaway Home Services. Retrieved February 26, 2015. ^ "Sherbrooke Manor". Living Places. Retrieved February 26, 2015. ^ "Sherbrooke Manor, Ewing". Weichert Realtors. Archived from the original on February 26, 2015. Retrieved February 26, 2015. ^ "The Spring Meadows Development". Remax New Jersey. Retrieved March 20, 2015. ^ "Subdivision Directory". Gloria Nilson.com. Retrieved March 20, 2015. Subdivision / Development located in Ewing, NJ (Mercer County). ^ "Village on the Green, Ewing". Weichert Realtors. Retrieved February 26, 2015. ^ Google (January 9, 2015). "Weber Park, New Jersey" (Map). Google Maps. Google. Retrieved January 9, 2015. ^ "Weber Park, Ewing Township, New Jersey". livingplaces.com. Retrieved January 18, 2015. Weber Park (sometimes called Hillcrest) is a residential neighborhood of detached singles and semi-attached, half-duplex residences built mainly from the 1920s through the 1950s. Median age is ca. 1951. Median interior living space is approximately 1,300 sq. ft. Median lot size is between 1/10th and 1/5th of an acre. Homes are typically 2 to 4 bedrooms, 1 to 2-1/2 baths; most of the homes have full basements; about half have garages. The Weber Park neighborhood is generally bounded by Parkway Avenue, Pennington Road (Route 31), North Olden Avenue, and Prospect Street. ^ Jo Ann Tesauro (2002). Images of America: Ewing Township. Arcadia Publishing. pp. 7–8. ISBN 0-7385-1040-8. Birmingham/Trenton Junction/West Trenton was a village whose main intersection was located at today's Bear Tavern and West Upper Ferry Roads. It contained a blacksmith shop, a cobbler, and several homesteads. Birmingham was renamed Trenton Junction in 1882. The Trenton Junction Station was built in the late 1880s, and c. 1930 it was renamed West Trenton Station. ^ "West Trenton, Ewing Township, New Jersey". livingplaces.com. Retrieved January 18, 2015. West Trenton is a residential neighborhood of semi-attached twins and detached singles built from the early 1900s through the 1950s. Median age is ca. 1953. Median lot size is approximately 1/4 acre. Typical homes have 3 to 4 bedrooms with 1 to 2 baths; most of the homes have full basements; about half have 1-car, attached garages. The neighborhood is generally centered around the intersection of Upper Ferry Road West with Bear Tavern Road/Grand Avenue. ^ Jo Ann Tesauro (2002). Images of America: Ewing Township. Arcadia Publishing. p. 7. ISBN 0-7385-1040-8. The Greensburg/Wilburtha section was built up after the Delaware and Raritan Canal was built in 1834. The village contained 30 homesteads, a general store, a post office, a tavern, a railroad station on the Belvidere-Delaware (Bel-Del) line, and numerous quarries. Along with the canals, the quarries used the railroad to transport their product known as Greensburg Stone or Trenton Brown Stone. Greensburg was renamed Wilburtha in 1883. ^ "Wilburtha, Ewing Township, New Jersey". livingplaces.com. Retrieved January 18, 2015. Wilburtha is a neighborhood of detached single family homes built during the 1950s (Blackwood Drive, Boxwood Court, Middleton Avenue, Ramson Avenue, Wakefield Drive, Wilburtha Road) and the 1980s (Locke Court, Riverview Drive, Wilburtha Road). Access to the Wilburtha neighborhood is from River Road onto Wilburtha Road or Upper Ferry Road West onto Riverview Drive. ^ "Wynnewood Manor". Living Places. Retrieved February 26, 2015. ^ "Wynnewood Manor, Ewing". Weichert Realtors. Retrieved February 26, 2015. ^ Census Estimates for New Jersey April 1, 2010 to July 1, 2016, United States Census Bureau. Accessed June 16, 2017. ^ Compendium of censuses 1726-1905: together with the tabulated returns of 1905, New Jersey Department of State, 1906. Accessed October 11, 2013. ^ Bowen, Francis. American Almanac and Repository of Useful Knowledge for the Year 1843, p. 231, David H. Williams, 1842. Accessed October 11, 2013. Population of 996 is listed, 21 less than shown in other sources ^ Raum, John O. The History of New Jersey: From Its Earliest Settlement to the Present Time, Volume 1, p. 275, J. E. Potter and company, 1877. Accessed October 11, 2013. "Ewing township contained in 1850, 1,480 inhabitants; in 1860, 2,979; and in 1870, 2,477. The State Lunatic Asylum is located in this township." ^ Debow, James Dunwoody Brownson. The Seventh Census of the United States: 1850, p. 139. R. Armstrong, 1853. Accessed October 11, 2013. ^ Staff. A compendium of the ninth census, 1870, p. 260. United States Census Bureau, 1872. Accessed November 18, 2012. ^ Porter, Robert Percival. Preliminary Results as Contained in the Eleventh Census Bulletins: Volume III - 51 to 75, p. 98. United States Census Bureau, 1890. Accessed November 18, 2012. ^ Thirteenth Census of the United States, 1910: Population by Counties and Minor Civil Divisions, 1910, 1900, 1890, United States Census Bureau, p. 337. Accessed November 18, 2012. ^ Fifteenth Census of the United States : 1930 - Population Volume I, United States Census Bureau, p. 716. Accessed November 18, 2012. ^ New Jersey Resident Population by Municipality: 1930 - 1990, Workforce New Jersey Public Information Network. Accessed June 28, 2015. ^ a b c d e Census 2000 Profiles of Demographic / Social / Economic / Housing Characteristics for Ewing township, Mercer County, New Jersey, United States Census Bureau. Accessed November 18, 2012. ^ a b c d e DP-1: Profile of General Demographic Characteristics: 2000 - Census 2000 Summary File 1 (SF 1) 100-Percent Data for Ewing township, Mercer County, New Jersey, United States Census Bureau. Accessed November 18, 2012. ^ "The Story of New Jersey's Civil Boundaries: 1606–1968", John P. Snyder, Bureau of Geology and Topography; Trenton, New Jersey; 1969. p. 161. ^ DP03: Selected Economic Characteristics from the 2006-2010 American Community Survey 5-Year Estimates for Ewing township, Mercer County, New Jersey, United States Census Bureau. Accessed November 18, 2012. ^ "Form 10–K (Item 2. Properties)". April 1, 2013. p. 57. Retrieved November 8, 2013. ^ Navani, Sherrina V. "Church & Dwight opens new headquarters in Ewing", The Trentonian, May 2, 2013. Accessed October 31, 2017. "Lt. Governor Kim Guadagno, Church & Dwight`s Chairman and CEO James Craigie and Ewing Mayor Bert Steinmann cut the ribbon to open Church & Dwight`s new worldwide headquarters in Ewing Twp on Thursday." ^ "The Faulkner Act: New Jersey's Optional Municipal Charter Law" Archived October 12, 2013, at the Wayback Machine, New Jersey State League of Municipalities, July 2007. Accessed October 11, 2013. ^ Ewing Township Demographics, Ewing Township. Accessed October 20, 2006. ^ Our Council, Ewing Township. Accessed July 11, 2016. ^ 2016 Municipal User Friendly Budget, Ewing Township. Accessed July 11, 2016. ^ Mercer County Elected Officials Archived 2016-10-06 at the Wayback Machine, Mercer County, New Jersey, as of January 1, 2016. Accessed July 11, 2016. ^ Guide to Ewing Township Officials, Mercer County Library System. Accessed July 11, 2016. ^ General Election November 8, 2016 Official Results, Mercer County, New Jersey, updated November 16, 2016. Accessed January 30, 2017. ^ Mercer County November 4, 2014 General Election Results, Mercer County, New Jersey, updated December 2, 2014. Accessed November 4, 2017. ^ Plan Components Report, New Jersey Redistricting Commission, December 23, 2011. Accessed January 6, 2013. ^ 2017 New Jersey Citizen's Guide to Government, p. 57, New Jersey League of Women Voters. Accessed May 30, 2017. ^ Districts by Number for 2011-2020, New Jersey Legislature. Accessed January 6, 2013. ^ Directory of Representatives: New Jersey, United States House of Representatives. Accessed January 3, 2019. ^ Biography, Congresswoman Bonnie Watson Coleman. Accessed January 3, 2019. "Watson Coleman and her husband William reside in Ewing Township and are blessed to have three sons; William, Troy, and Jared and three grandchildren; William, Kamryn and Ashanee." ^ About Cory Booker, United States Senate. Accessed January 26, 2015. "He now owns a home and lives in Newark's Central Ward community." ^ Biography of Bob Menendez, United States Senate, January 26, 2015. "He currently lives in Paramus and has two children, Alicia and Robert." ^ Senators of the 116th Congress from New Jersey. United States Senate. Accessed April 17, 2019. "Booker, Cory A. - (D - NJ) Class II; Menendez, Robert - (D - NJ) Class I" ^ Legislative Roster 2018-2019 Session, New Jersey Legislature. Accessed January 22, 2018. ^ District 15 Legislators, New Jersey Legislature. Accessed January 22, 2018. ^ Curran, Phillip Sean. "Assemblywoman Muoio resigns, creating vacancy in legislature", CentralJersey.com, January 17, 2018. "State Assemblywoman Liz Muoio, a Democrat who represented parts of Mercer and Hunterdon counties since 2015, resigned her seat to join the Murphy administration, thus creating a vacancy that many Democrats want to fill.... But she submitted her resignation to the Assembly clerk on Friday to become acting state Treasurer until she gets confirmed by the Democrat-controlled state Senate. Her resignation took effect at the end of business Monday, according to an aide. She also left her job as the Mercer County director of economic development." ^ Johnson, Brent (February 15, 2018). "Meet N.J.'s newest Assembly member". NJ.com. Retrieved February 15, 2018. ^ Governor Phil Murphy, State of New Jersey. Accessed January 16, 2018. ^ Lieutenant Governor Oliver, State of New Jersey. Accessed January 16, 2018. "Assemblywoman Oliver has resided in the City of East Orange for over 40 years." ^ Elected Officials, Mercer County, New Jersey. Accessed September 6, 2014. ^ Brian M. Hughes, County Executive, Mercer County, New Jersey. Accessed September 6, 2014. ^ Andrew Koontz, Mercer County. Accessed September 6, 2014. ^ Samuel T. Frisby, Sr., Mercer County. Accessed September 6, 2014. ^ Ann M. Cannon, Mercer County. Accessed September 6, 2014. ^ Anthony P. Carabelli, Mercer County. Accessed September 6, 2014. ^ John A. Cimono, Mercer County. Accessed September 6, 2014. ^ Pasquale "Pat" Colavita, Jr., Mercer County. Accessed September 6, 2014. ^ Lucylle R. S. Walter, Mercer County. Accessed September 6, 2014. ^ Meet the Freeholders, Mercer County. Accessed September 6, 2014. ^ 2014 County Data Sheet, Mercer County. Accessed September 6, 2014. ^ County Clerk, Mercer County. Accessed September 6, 2014. ^ Sheriff, Mercer County. Accessed September 6, 2014. ^ County Surrogate, Mercer County. Accessed September 6, 2014. ^ Contact Us. New Jersey Juvenile Justice Commission. Accessed August 12, 2010. ^ 2009 Ewing Zoning Map, Ewing Township. Accessed January 24, 2012. ^ Voter Registration Summary - Mercer, New Jersey Department of State Division of Elections, March 23, 2011. Accessed November 21, 2012. ^ "Presidential General Election Results - November 8, 2016 - Mercer County" (PDF). New Jersey Department of Elections. Retrieved December 31, 2017. ^ a b "Presidential General Election Results - November 6, 2012 - Mercer County" (PDF). New Jersey Department of Elections. March 15, 2013. Retrieved December 23, 2014. ^ a b 2008 Presidential General Election Results: Mercer County, New Jersey Department of State Division of Elections, December 23, 2008. Accessed November 21, 2012. ^ a b 2004 Presidential Election: Mercer County, New Jersey Department of State Division of Elections, December 13, 2004. Accessed November 21, 2012. ^ "Number of Registered Voters and Ballots Cast - November 6, 2012 - General Election Results - Mercer County" (PDF). New Jersey Department of Elections. March 15, 2013. Retrieved December 23, 2014. ^ "Governor - Mercer County" (PDF). New Jersey Department of Elections. Retrieved December 31, 2017. ^ "Governor - Mercer County" (PDF). New Jersey Department of Elections. January 29, 2014. Retrieved December 24, 2014. ^ a b 2009 Governor: Mercer County, New Jersey Department of State Division of Elections, December 31, 2009. Accessed November 21, 2012. ^ 2005 Governor: Mercer County, New Jersey Department of State Division of Elections. Accessed December 31, 2017. ^ "Number of Registered Voters and Ballots Cast - November 5, 2013 - General Election Results - Mercer County" (PDF). New Jersey Department of Elections. January 31, 2014. Retrieved December 23, 2014. ^ District information for Ewing Township School District, National Center for Education Statistics. Accessed December 7, 2016. ^ School Data for the Ewing Public Schools, National Center for Education Statistics. Accessed December 7, 2016. ^ W. L. Antheil Elementary School, Ewing Public Schools. Accessed October 31, 2017. ^ Francis Lore Elementary School, Ewing Public Schools. Accessed October 31, 2017. ^ Parkway Elementary School, Ewing Public Schools. Accessed October 31, 2017. ^ Gilmore J. Fisher Middle School, Ewing Public Schools. Accessed October 31, 2017. ^ Ewing High School, Ewing Public Schools. Accessed October 31, 2017. ^ School Administrators, Ewing Public Schools. Accessed October 31, 2017. ^ New Jersey School Directory for the Ewing Public Schools, New Jersey Department of Education. Accessed December 29, 2016. ^ Everson v. Board of Education of the Township of Ewing, Cornell Law School. Accessed January 24, 2012. ^ Home page, Ewing Public Education Foundation. Accessed October 28, 2014. ^ Thomas J. Rubino Academy, Mercer County Vocational School District. Accessed April 11, 2011. "The education program is delivered at the Alfred Reed School in Ewing, NJ." ^ Editorial. "Editorial: N.J. School for the Deaf's Katzenbach campus gets some neighborly help", The Times (Trenton), February 13, 2012. Accessed October 11, 2013. ^ History, New Jersey School for the Deaf - Katzenbach Campus. Accessed October 11, 2013. ^ Marie Hilson Katzenbach, 1882-1970, New Jersey Women's History. Accessed October 11, 2013. "Marie Hilson Katzenbach worked throughout her life to improve education in New Jersey. She served on the State Board of Education for 44 years, nine as president, as well as giving years of service on behalf of the New Jersey School for the Deaf, renamed in her honor in 1965." ^ Mercer County Catholic Schools Archived 2016-04-15 at the Wayback Machine, Roman Catholic Diocese of Trenton. Accessed January 22, 2017. ^ ISJ/History/ History, Incarnation-St.James Catholic School. Accessed April 11, 2011. ^ History, Villa Victoria Academy. Accessed April 11, 2011. ^ About, The College of New Jersey. Accessed April 11, 2011. "Known for its natural beauty, the College's campus is set on 289 tree-lined acres in suburban Ewing Township." ^ Mercer County Mileage by Municipality and Jurisdiction, New Jersey Department of Transportation, May 2010. Accessed July 18, 2014. ^ Nadeau, Gregory G. (May 20, 2015). "FHWA to AASHTO I-95 Designation" (PDF) (Letter). Letter to Bud Wright. Washington, DC: Federal Highway Administration. Retrieved June 8, 2015. ^ "Schedule". I95Link.com. Retrieved April 13, 2018. ^ Google Map of Route 206 in Ewing, accessed November 1, 2006. ^ West Trenton Line, NJ Transit. Accessed October 11, 2013. ^ Proposed Restoration of Passenger Service on the West Trenton Line - Alignment Map, NJ Transit. Accessed October 11, 2013. ^ Trenton Mercer Airport, Mercer County. Accessed October 11, 2013. ^ Mercer County Bus / Rail Connections, NJ Transit, backed up by the Internet Archive as of May 22, 2009. Accessed November 18, 2012. ^ Greene, Alton Lee. Greene Family Tree of Jeremiah and Anne Hartley Greene 1700-1970, spiral bound monograph published some time after 1970 by Claude Greene, Pineville, Louisiana, 125 pp. ^ Old Barracks Museum ^ Ten Crucial Days ^ Hagen, Tony J. "Church rejects restoration offer", The Times (Trenton), August 14, 2009. Accessed January 24, 2012. ^ Services and Programs , Our Lady of Good Counsel Church. Accessed January 24, 2012. ^ History of the Decision to Restore, The Bath House. Accessed January 24, 2012. ^ via Associated Press. "N.J. 101.5FM studio is renamed after longtime radio personality Jim Gearhart", NJ.com, November 2, 2010. Accessed October 28, 2014. "Millennium Radio has named its New Jersey 101.5FM studio and office building in Ewing the 'Jim Gearhart Broadcasting Center.'" ^ Hester Jr., Tom. "His rants become TV rage", The Times (Trenton), November 16, 2004. "Pierre Bernard has had enough.In recent months, iPods, the Stargate SG-1 television show and Mallomars candy, among other topics, have sent him into a public rage. Now it's the removal of the Nassau Park Boulevard traffic light along Route 1 in West Windsor that has him on edge. 'That's been bugging me since they moved it last month,' the Ewing resident said. 'It's been on my nerves.'" ^ Assemblywoman Watson Colemans's legislative web page, New Jersey Legislature; accessed June 5, 2011. ^ "2014: Not a Landmark Year for Women, Despite Some Notable Firsts", Center for American Women and Politics, November 5, 2014. Accessed November 5, 2016. "Love and Bonnie Watson Coleman (D-NJ) are the first African American women in Congress from their states." ^ Emanski, Joe. "Catching up with the Copelands" Archived 2007-09-27 at the Wayback Machine, Ewing Observer, March 2004. Accessed June 20, 2007. "One moment, Ewing High grad Hollis Copeland was negotiating a new contract as a member of the New York Knicks of the National Basketball Association.... After his career ended, they moved to Yonkers, where they lived for 13 years. They've lived back in Ewing since 1994." ^ Carig, Marc. "Yankees' Steve Garrison, a Ewing native, makes major-league debut", The Star-Ledger, July 26, 2011. Accessed July 26, 2011. "His heart raced and his mouth dried up as if it were filled with cotton, giving Steve Garrison the same nervous feeling he used get before American Legion games in Ewing, N.J." ^ Morris, Shaheed M. "City woman's 50-year-old letter part of TLC Kennedy special", The Trentonian, November 16, 2013. Accessed January 15, 2018. "Hirsch was born in Trenton. She graduated from Ewing High School in 1968." ^ Wayne Krenchicki, Evansville Otters. Accessed October 21, 2018. "A native of Ewing, N.J., Krenchicki compiled a 1,075-1,052 record in 18 years as a minor league manager before joining the Otters.... A 1972 graduate of Ewing High School in Trenton, N.J., Krenchicki was chosen by Philadelphia in the eighth round of the 1972 amateur draft." ^ Lanning, William Mershon, (1849 - 1912), Biographical Directory of the United States Congress. Accessed October 11, 2013. ^ Pike, Helen. "A New Strategy For Luring Vacationers", The New York Times, May 24, 1992. Accessed October 28, 2014. "Later, Senator Dick LaRossa, Republican of Ewing Township, spoke up. 'Has anyone ever heard of Trenton, home to eight million people?' he asked, noting that the State House, subject of a multimillion-dollar restoration completed earlier this year, appeared nowhere in the ads." ^ Miller, Sean. "Former Princeton Day star Davon Reed taken 32nd in NBA Draft by Suns", The Times (Trenton), June 23, 2017. Accessed June 27, 2017. "People knew Davon Reed was a special basketball player from the time he was a kid.... Ewing's Reed went to the Suns with the second pick of the second round, after Phoenix took Josh Jackson of Kansas with the fourth overall pick." ^ Corzine Names Secretary of State and Military and Veterans Affairs Adjutant General Archived 2006-12-07 at the Wayback Machine, press release dated January 3, 2006. ^ Staff. "Sex Scandal Forces Commander Of N.J. National Guard To Resign; Maj. Gen. Glenn Rieth Caught In 'Compromising Position' With Female Aide", WCBS, December 1, 2011. Accessed January 24, 2012. "Rieth's Trenton office was all locked up and dark Thursday night. So was his Ewing home, where there were no lights on and no answer at the door." ^ Roberts, Sam. "Henry M. Rowan, Industrialist Who Gave $100 Million Gift to University, Dies at 92", The New York Times, December 13, 2015. Accessed December 23, 2017. "He and his first wife, the former Betty Long, developed the metal-melting furnace in the basement and backyard of their Ewing Township home." ^ Staff. "Albert C. Wagner Dies at 76; Headed Jersey Prison System", The New York Times, June 20, 1987. Accessed October 17, 2015. "Albert C. Wagner, former director of the New Jersey Division of Correction and Parole, died of a heart attack Monday in Portsmouth, England, where he was vacationing. He was 76 years old and lived in Ewing Township, N.J., near Trenton." Wikimedia Commons has media related to Ewing Township, New Jersey. Wikivoyage has a travel guide for Ewing. New Jersey portal Township of Ewing official website Ewing Township Public Schools Ewing Public Schools's 2015–16 School Report Card from the New Jersey Department of Education School Data for the Ewing Public Schools, National Center for Education Statistics Ewing Observer (Monthly community newspaper) Route 95 & Scotch Road Traffic Camera Popular Local Forum (Run by Star-Ledger) Local Weather Forecast (NOAA) Kahn's Trenton Bath House Municipalities and communities of Mercer County, New Jersey, United States County seat: Trenton West Windsor Groveville Mercerville Twin Rivers Yardville Ackors Corner Allens Station Baldwins Corner Battle Monument Bear Tavern Berrien City Braeburn Heights Briar Manor Briarcrest Broad Street Park Cadwalader Heights Carsons Mills Chambersburg Chestnut Park Chewalla Park Churchill Green Coalport/North Clinton Colonial Lakelands Coopers Corner Coxs Corner Delaware Rise Deutzville Downtown Trenton Duck Island Dutch Neck East Trenton East Trenton Heights Edgebrook Edinburg Park Eilers Corner Etra Ewing Park Ewing/Carroll Ewingville Extonville Fernwood Ferry Road Manor Fisher/Richey/Perdicaris Franklin Corner Glen Afton Golden Crest Golf View Manor Green Curve Heights Greenwood/Hamilton Grover's Mill Haines Corner Hampton Hills Hanover/Academy Harbourton Harneys Corner Harts Corner Heath Manor Hickory Corner Hickory Hill Estates Hillwood Lakes Hillwood Manor Hopewell Valley Hutchinson Mills Lamberton Lawrence Station Locust Corner Marshalls Corner Meadows Terrace Mount Rose New Canton North Crosswicks North Trenton Old Mill Farms Pages Corners Parkway Village Pennington/Prospect Penns Neck Pond Run Port Mercer Post Corner Princessville Princeton Colonial Park Princeton Estates Princeton Ivy East Princeton North Quaker Bridge Quaker Gardens Scudders Falls Shabakunk Hills Sherbrook Estates Sherbrooke Manor Slackwood South Trenton Stoutsburg Sturwood Hamlet Stuyvesant/Prospect The Orchards Trenton Gardens Village on the Green Warner Village Washington Crossing Weber Park West Trenton Wilburtha Wynnewood Manor Yardville Heights Lower Merion New Castle Hundred Lower Makefield Retrieved from "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Ewing_Township,_New_Jersey&oldid=903542496" 1834 establishments in New Jersey Faulkner Act (mayor–council) Townships in Mercer County, New Jersey Populated places on the Delaware River Articles containing potentially dated statements from May 2010 Official website different in Wikidata and Wikipedia	cc/2019-30/en_head_0021.json.gz/line12582
__label__wiki	0.991687	0.991687	Sourcing From Nature Viral Gene Therapy John Stuelpnagel, D.V.M., MBA John R. Stuelpnagel is a member of the board of directors at Encoded Therapeutics and co-founder and chairman of Fabric Genomics, 10x Genomics and Inscripta. Previously, Dr. Stuelpnagel co-founded Illumina (NASDAQ: ILMN) in 1998, serving as its first chief executive officer and later as its chief operating officer. He is a co-founder and was the executive chairman at Ariosa (sold to Roche) and was the chairman at Sequenta (sold to Adaptive Biotechnologies). He holds a B.S. in Biochemistry and a doctorate in Veterinary Medicine from the University of California, Davis, and an MBA from the University of California, Los Angeles. ©2019 Encoded Therapeutics	cc/2019-30/en_head_0021.json.gz/line12583
__label__cc	0.677045	0.322955	Home News Energy News Solar Jobs Position Paper Solar Jobs Position Paper This is an email I have sent to all of our State Legislators and Governor Crist - please feel free to use it and send it to anyone who might be interested in creating solar jobs. Subject: Solar Jobs Position Paper - Important! Dear State Legislators and other Officials, We have an opportunity in the upcoming Legislative Session to create thousands of “Solar Jobs” immediately. The attached position paper simply explains the existing programs that can fund them. Please review the paper and use the footnote links to drill down for more complete information on each topic. As a member of the Broward County Workforce Development Board and a volunteer on the Broward Energy Training Partnership Grant Committee, I prepared this position paper to help clarify the opportunities that we have in the state of Florida for solar job creation. The partnership has been awarded two Department of Labor Grants totaling over $5 million dollars to train workers for over 700 jobs in the solar and weatherization industries. We have the training money, now we need the jobs! Thank you for your service to our State and your constituents. Solar Energy Systems Installations Can Provide Thousands of Jobs Immediately In Florida’s Stalled Economy By Paul Farren, CEO, The Energy Store Prepared for the Broward Energy Training Partnership Grant Committee There are thousands of jobs that can be created immediately in the state of Florida by funding solar energy programs and the citizens are all for it. One might think that a state with the adopted name “The Sunshine State” would be a leader in installed solar renewable energy systems, but Florida is not even in the top 10. This is not because the citizens don’t want it to be..."With its plentiful sunshine, Florida has a God-given advantage when it comes to solar energy. What's needed is a long-term commitment from policymakers.”[1] A survey taken in 2008 of 625 registered voters, conducted by Mason-Dixon Polling & Research, showed 85 percent believe the state Legislature should act to encourage investment in solar energy, and 81 percent said they support investment, even if it costs $1 extra on their monthly utility bills. "It's clear that the Sunshine State likes the idea of Florida becoming a solar energy leader," said Bruce Kershner of the Florida Solar Energy Industries Association.” [2] To further illustrate this enthusiasm for solar energy systems, you only have to look to the Florida Solar Energy Rebate Program.[3] It has been so well received that the program has run out of money early in each year since its inception in 2006. It is currently penniless and is due to sunset in June 2010 unless it is renewed or extended by the State Legislature. This program was designed to reduce our critical energy usage and save customers thousands of dollars over the life of each installed system. At the same time, solar will slow our need for expensive energy infrastructure expansion, reduce our reliance on foreign oil, improve our national security and reduce the production of harmful greenhouse gasses that cause air pollution and contribute to global climate change. The single most irksome problem with solar systems is their high upfront costs. If it weren’t for these high upfront costs, masses of people would be lining up to install systems that are going to pay for themselves over time and provide clean, free energy for decades. The Florida Solar Rebate Program has helped defray the high solar costs and has contributed to a number of participants enjoying the benefits of solar. But when the solar funding would run out early in each year, the sales of solar systems would be greatly stifled. Unless people can count on their rebate they will not commit thousands of dollars to a project. So there never has been a true benchmark for how many citizens would actually be committed to clean renewable energy if they had the opportunity to afford it. If we can figure out how to make solar systems initially affordable, we can stimulate this emerging solar industry whose growth potential is unprecedented. Expanding solar energy production will provide many benefits to Florida. The National Renewable Energy Laboratory’s economic data estimates that if Florida installed 1,500 MW of solar, up to 45,000 direct jobs and 50,000 indirect jobs would be created.[4] A critical mass of installed solar energy production will lead to permanent, high paying jobs in Florida. The demand for so-called “green collar” jobs has been driven by an expanding solar market, which supports 15-30 jobs per MW produced.[5] It is incumbent upon our Legislators to recognize this great opportunity we have before us to stimulate business growth and profits; while at the same time being socially and environmentally responsible. The bottom line is that we have an opportunity to provide the stimulus to grow this industry at a crucial time, when we can put people to work, incubate profitable businesses, generate substantial revenue and contribute to a decentralized infrastructure that would be future compatible with the “Smart Grid”; which is the future of our energy management policy. Without aggressive pursuit, Florida will lose the opportunity to be the nation's leader in the solar energy industry.[6] Fortunately, there are several diverse solar programs that can be implemented or combined to provide us with affordable solar installations that will be cost effective and produce abundant jobs. Initially, we need programs that the public can believe in and can be started immediately in order to create these jobs now. We can’t wait for long drawn out programs and bureaucratic delays. The obvious first choice (and quickest) is to extend and fund the current Solar Rebate Program for Solar Photovoltaic (electric) and Solar Thermal (hot water) systems. The rebate program is already in place. It works well and there is already an infrastructure that is trained to support it and is familiar with its policies. The biggest challenge is that it requires substantial funding to make it successful. There are thousands of Floridians who have already done their part and, in good faith, committed their funds and savings to install solar systems on their homes and businesses. Many of these committed citizens have not yet been paid for systems that they have already invested in. It would be unconscionable for our Legislators to leave them out in the cold. At the very least the legislature should allocate enough funds to pay for anyone wanting to install a solar system throughout the remaining period of the rebate program (June 30, 2010). If the legislators decide to extend the Solar Rebate Program, the funds for the extension would, at least in part, be offset by reduced unemployment subsidies and the budding solar industry would start to thrive. The rebate program could be funded as a jobs stimulus program. Production Based Incentives (PBI) & Feed in Tariffs (FIT) There are several groups within the solar community who advocate Production Based Incentives (PBI) and/or Feed in Tariffs (FIT). These are two similar programs with the Production Based Incentives providing additional Incentives for Solar Thermal Systems (hot water) as well as for Solar Photovoltaic Systems (electric). Production Based Incentives provide consumers with affordable solar systems for a low initial down payment and the systems pay for themselves with payments from the utility company. The utility companies pay the consumer a premium (higher) price for the solar energy that they produce and give them a twenty (20) year contract for that produced energy. Banks and finance companies will loan money for the projects because the contracts guarantee payment from the utility company over the period of the contract. Loan payments will be made by the monthly payments from the utility for the electricity generated by the solar panels and the system pays for itself in a reasonable period. The cost of the program would be paid for by a small increase (1% to 2%) in consumer utility rates throughout the state. The money from the modest rate increase would be used by the utilities to pay for the renewable energy produced. Once installed, solar systems provide free clean renewable energy for decades and the price is already paid for over the systems lifetime (which is usually 25+ years). Unlike, fossil fuels whose price will steadily rise or spike as demand encroaches upon supply. The difficulty with Production Based Incentives lies in the fact that some utility companies, lobbyist and politicians regard the small rate increases as “taxes” and are opposed to any “taxation” in these tough economic times. What they do not account for is that these are investments in jobs and our clean energy future that will pay for themselves quickly and create a modern decentralized infrastructure that can grow as smart grid technologies evolve. Property Assessed Clean Energy (PACE) – a la The Berkeley Model Property Assessed Clean Energy, or PACE, has taken off like wildfire since the concept was first introduced in Berkeley, CA in October 2007. PACE allows private property owners to pay for energy efficiency and renewable energy projects through an addition to their property tax bill, overcoming the high upfront costs that prevent most property owners from investing in such retrofits. PACE financing has the capacity to be transformative: property owners realize immediate savings on their utility bills with minimal money down; local green jobs are created through increased demand for retrofitting goods and services; and greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions are dramatically reduced. With America’s building stock responsible for approximately 40 percent of its demand for energy, these kinds of improvements have the potential to get us significantly closer to our GHG reduction targets. Recognizing the potential of this model, Scientific American magazine recently named PACE one of the top 20 ideas that can change the world.[7] PACE financing is made possible through Energy Financing Districts. Energy Financing Districts (EFDs) enable local governments to raise money through the issuance of bonds to fund these clean energy projects (though bonds are not the only possible source of funds). The financing is repaid over a set number of years through a special tax or assessment on the property tax bill of only those property owners who choose to participate in the program. The financing is secured with a lien on the property, and, like other taxes, is paid before other claims against the property in the case of foreclosure. There is little or no up-front cost to the property owner, and if the property is sold before the end of the repayment period, the new owner inherits both the repayment obligation and the financed improvements.[8] States around the country are recognizing the potential of PACE. Over the past 18 months, 16 states have adopted legislative changes to allow municipalities to use property taxes as a vehicle for private property improvements of this kind. In California, PACE financing can even be used for water conservation improvements. While many states and municipalities are just beginning the process of designing their programs, several cities and counties around the country already offer PACE financing to their residents, or are well on their way.[9] Renewable Portfolio Standards (RPS) aka Renewable Energy Standards (RES) A renewable portfolio standard is a state policy that requires electricity providers to obtain a minimum percentage of their power from renewable energy resources by a certain date. (For example: reduce emissions by 20% by 2020). Currently there are 24 states plus the District of Columbia that have RPS policies in place. Together these states account for more than half of the electricity sales in the United States. Five other states, North Dakota, South Dakota, Utah, Virginia, and Vermont, have nonbinding goals for adoption of renewable energy instead of an RPS.[10] Florida Does not have a Renewable Portfolio Standard in place as of this writing. The RPS mechanism generally places an obligation on electricity supply companies to produce a specified fraction of their electricity from renewable energy sources. Certified renewable energy generators earn certificates for every unit of electricity they produce and can sell these, along with their electricity, to supply companies.[11] Renewable Energy Credits and Certificates (RECs) Renewable Energy Certificates (RECs), also known as Green tags, Renewable Energy Credits, Renewable Electricity Certificates, or Tradable Renewable Certificates (TRCs), are tradable, non-tangible energy commodities…that represent proof that 1 megawatt-hour (MWh) of electricity was generated from an eligible renewable energy resource (renewable electricity). These certificates can be sold, traded or bartered, and the owner of the REC can claim to have purchased renewable energy. While traditional carbon emissions trading programs promote low-carbon technologies by increasing the cost of emitting carbon, RECs can incentivize carbon-neutral renewable energy by providing a production subsidy to electricity generated from renewable sources. It is important to understand that the energy associated with a REC is sold separately and is used by another party. The consumer of a REC receives only a certificate. In states that have a REC program, a green energy provider (such as a wind farm) is credited with one REC for every 1,000 kWh or 1 MWh of electricity it produces (for reference, an average residential customer consumes about 800 kWh in a month). A certifying agency gives each REC a unique identification number to make sure it doesn't get double-counted. The green energy is then fed into the electrical grid (by mandate), and the accompanying REC can then be sold on the open market.[12] Cap-and-Trade Cap-and-trade is an environmental policy tool that delivers results with a mandatory cap on emissions while providing sources flexibility in how they comply. Successful cap and trade programs reward innovation, efficiency, and early action; and provide strict environmental accountability without inhibiting economic growth. The way it works is that the government sets an overall cap on emissions and creates allowances or a limited authorization to emit up to the level of the cap. Sources are free to buy or sell allowances, or “bank” them to use in future years. Sources have the option to lower their emissions so that they may trade, sell or bank their savings. Or, they can continue emitting at levels higher than their allowance holdings and purchase allowances to cover the excess. The Government sets a goal that the industry must meet (i.e. the cap) and monitors compliance.[13] A carbon tax is a tax on the carbon content of fuels — effectively a tax on the carbon dioxide emissions from burning fossil fuels. Thus, carbon tax is shorthand for carbon dioxide tax or CO2 tax.[14] Carbon dioxide is considered to be a heat-trapping "greenhouse" gas, and the purpose of a carbon tax is to protect the environment by penalizing emissions of carbon dioxide, which may cause global warming. Some environmental taxes include other greenhouse gases; the global warming potential is an internationally accepted scale of equivalence for other greenhouse gases in units of tons of carbon dioxide equivalent. Carbon atoms are present in every fossil fuel (coal, petroleum, and natural gas) and are released as CO2 when they are burnt. In contrast, non-combustion energy sources like wind, sunlight, hydropower, and nuclear do not convert hydrocarbons to carbon dioxide. A carbon tax can be implemented by taxing the burning of fossil fuels—coal, petroleum products such as gasoline and aviation fuel, and natural gas—in proportion to their carbon content. If carbon dioxide emissions are not released into the atmosphere on combustion of fossil fuels, e.g., carbon capture and storage, then a carbon tax will not apply. Accordingly, a carbon tax increases the competitiveness of low-carbon technologies, such as renewables, compared to the traditional burning of fossil fuels.[15] Some proponents of a carbon tax believe that “A carbon tax should be revenue-neutral. Revenue-neutral means that little if any of the tax revenues raised by taxing carbon emissions would be retained by government. The vast majority of the revenues would be returned to the public, with, perhaps, a very small amount utilized to mitigate the otherwise negative impacts of carbon taxes on low-income energy users.”[16] In the State of the Union Address, President Obama proclaimed that "Providing incentives for energy-efficiency and clean energy are the right thing to do for our future, because the nation that leads the clean energy economy will be the nation that leads the global economy. And America must be that nation….We should put more Americans to work building clean energy facilities and give rebates to Americans who make their homes more energy-efficient, which supports clean energy jobs. And to encourage these and other businesses to stay within our borders, it is time to finally slash the tax breaks for companies that ship our jobs overseas, and give those tax breaks to companies that create jobs right here in the United States of America."[17] The State of Florida has numerous opportunities to create thousands of renewable energy jobs, simply by implementing solar programs. There are surveys that prove the citizenry is in favor of solar, even if it means paying more on their electric bills in the short term, in order to reap the economic savings and environmental benefits over the long term. It is important for our State Leaders to seize the moment and create these thousands of jobs for their constituents. While these are troubled times it is good to remember that “Trouble is only an opportunity in work clothes.”[18] [1] Former Florida Congresswoman Claudine Schneider [2] South Florida Business Journal, March 13, 2008 - Poll: Support up for solar energy investment - http://www.bizjournals.com/southflorida/stories/2008/03/10/daily35.html [3] Florida Energy & Climate Commission Website; Sections 377.801-377.806, Florida Statutes and Chapter 27N-1, Florida Administrative Code; http://myfloridaclimate.com/climate_quick_links/florida_energy_climate_commission/solar_rebate_program [4] The Positive Economic Impact of Solar on the Sunshine State -S. Grover, “Energy, Economic, and Environmental Benefits of the Solar America Initiative,” August 2007, NREL/SR-640-41998. http://www.floridataxwatch.org/resources/pdf/04162009SolarEnergy.pdf [5] Kammen, Daniel, University of California – Berkeley, “Testimony before the US Senate Hearing on Environment and Public Works,” Sept. 25 2007; and Navigant Consulting, Inc., “Economic Impacts of Extending Federal Solar Tax Credits,” Final Report, September 15, 2008. Available at http://seia.org/galleries/pdf/Navigant%20Consulting%20Report%209.15.08.pdf. [6] Briefings April 2009 – Center for Competitive Florida- Florida Council of Economic Advisors At Florida Tax Watch - This Briefing was produced by David Macpherson, Ph.D., Senior Director of Research and Development and a member of Florida Council of Economic Advisors at Florida TaxWatch © Copyright Florida TaxWatch, April 2009 http://www.floridataxwatch.org/resources/pdf/04162009SolarEnergy.pdf [7] Grist bt Email – January 27, 2010 – How Innovative Financing is Changing America by Cisco Devries - http://www.grist.org/article/2010-01-26-how-innovative-financing-is-changing-energy-in-america/ [8] Guide to Energy Efficiency & Renewable Energy Financing Districts For Local Governments PREPARED BY RENEWABLE AND APPROPRIATE ENERGY LABORATORY (RAEL) UNIVERSITY OF CALIFORNIA, BERKELEY MERRIAN C. FULLER \| CATHY KUNKEL \| DANIEL M. KAMMEN – http://rael.berkeley.edu/sites/default/files/berkeleysolar/HowTo.pdf [10] US Department of Energy EERE Website - http://apps1.eere.energy.gov/states/maps/renewable_portfolio_states.cfm [11] Wikipedia – January 27, 2010 - http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Renewable_portfolio_standard [12] Wikipedia – January 27, 2010 - http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Renewable_Energy_Certificates [13] US EPA Website – January 28, 2010 - http://www.epa.gov/captrade/index.html [14] Carbon Tax Center Website – January 28, 2010 - http://www.carbontax.org/introduction/#what [15] Wikipedia – January 28, 2010 - http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Carbon_tax [17] Remarks of the President of the United States in the state of the Union Address, January 17, 2010 – President Barack Obama - http://www.whitehouse.gov/the-press-office/remarks-president-state-union-address [18] Henry J Kaiser, Industrialist - http://thinkexist.com/quotes/henry_j._kaiser My Contact Information: Paul Farren, CEO The Energy Store 601 North 21 Avenue This e-mail address is being protected from spam bots, you need JavaScript enabled to view it http://www.energystore-usa.com	cc/2019-30/en_head_0021.json.gz/line12584
__label__cc	0.546073	0.453927	AfCFTA’s operational phase launched at AU summit African Union launches African trade zone at Niger summit: The African Union (AU) formally launched the African Continental Trade Area (AfCFTA) at a two-day summit in Niger on Sunday, Reuters reports. The agreement to set up a USD 3.4 tn African economic zone comes after four years of talks. All but one of the 55 AU member states have now signed the accord, but only 25 have ratified it. Nigeria — the continent’s largest economy — recently agreed to participate in the zone and signed the agreement at the summit. Egypt and 43 other countries signed AfCFTA in March 2018. The trade zone will see AU members eliminate tariffs on most goods to boost intra-regional trade and strengthen supply chains. This will potentially increase trade in the region by 15-25% in the medium term and as much as 52.3% in the long term. Intra-regional trade in Africa accounted for just 17% of exports in 2017, compared to 59% in Asia and 69% in Europe. The AU summit is expected to determine the trade zone’s headquarters, when trading will start, and exactly how the process will work. Seven member states, including Egypt, have submitted bids to host the AfCFTA headquarters, according to an AU statement released prior to the summit. El Sisi hails the agreement: “The eyes of the world are turned to Africa,” President Abdel Fattah El Sisi, who chaired Sunday’s meeting, said during the summit’s opening ceremony. AfCFTA “will reinforce our negotiating position on the international stage. It will represent an important step.” Egypt stands to be a key beneficiary: Countries with large manufacturing bases, including Egypt, South Africa, and Kenya are poised to be net beneficiaries of AfCFTA. Being able to quickly expand outside of their usual export markets will give them an advantage over manufacturers from other countries. The removal of tariffs will also enable Egypt to import raw materials at lower costs from within Africa, rather than having to look further afield, and Egyptian cotton is expected to be in high demand throughout the continent. But substantial challenges remain: Growth and integration have been hampered by poor infrastructure set up to serve trade outside the continent, along with bureaucracy and corruption. The IMF has warned that “reducing tariffs alone is not sufficient,” and that these other issues must be tackled if AfCFTA is to succeed. Negotiations have also been hindered by the disparity in economic weight and motivation between countries. Over 50% of the continent’s cumulative GDP is contributed by Egypt, Nigeria and South Africa, and only 1% comes from the six sovereign island nations. Although Egypt and South Africa stand as two of AfCFTA’s largest beneficiaries, Nigeria is likely to see far fewer immediate gains.	cc/2019-30/en_head_0021.json.gz/line12585
__label__wiki	0.928281	0.928281	Tag Archives: Barry Bonds by Enter the Razorback Organized baseball in this country dates back to the late 1800s. And pretty much every milestone possible has already happened. Clinching a World Series on a walk-off home run? It’s happened twice. Hitting two grand slams in one inning? You bet. Father and son duo blasting back-to-back home runs? Check. Hitting a bird with a ball mid-pitch? Also, check. But some records manage to standout above the others. They’re so monumental, so insurmountable, that not only will they never be broken, but they’ll never even be challenged. These are those records. 10. A club winning 117 or more games in a single season Winning 100-plus games used to be a common occurrence in baseball. But since the beginning of the 2000s, teams regularly surpassing the century mark has tapered off. Only 12 teams have won 100 or more games in the last 15 years, with a majority of those coming thanks to the loaded New York Yankees, who topped 100 wins four times between 2000-2010. Three teams won 100-plus games each in 2002 and 2003, but we haven’t had multiple teams win 100 or more games since 2005 — which was also the same year St. Louis won 105 games, the most the sport has seen this millennium. Considering that 95 years passed between the Chicago Cubs and Seattle Mariners each winning 116 games in a single season, and that the most a team has a come close to tying them was still two games shy, it will probably be another nine decades before we see another team come close to 116 wins. 9. Hank Aaron’s 2,297 career RBI Not too long ago, Hammerin’ Hank held the record for two of baseball’s Triple Crown categories: home runs and RBIs. And if not for Barry Bonds and BALCO, he’d still be the home run king. Aaron’s 2,297 total RBI over 23 seasons doesn’t get as much press as his home run record, despite the fact that only three other players (Babe Ruth, Cap Anson and Alex Rodriguez) managed to bring in 2,000-plus runs. A-Rod — mathematically — could catch Aaron. Rodriguez has averaged 46 RBI over the last three seasons. But he’ll need to bring home about 200 more runners over the next few years to surpass Bad Henry. But let’s face it, Rodriguez’s numbers are more juiced than a mojito. Seeing his name among the top 5 in RBI leaders only stirs sordid memories from the game’s most tainted era. 8. Ichiro Suzuki’s 262 hits in a single season Ichiro was born to hit. The man simply knows how to get on base. He is the ideal lead-off hitter, possessing the ability to reach safely through either finesse or power hitting. And in 2004, during his fourth season with the Mariners, Ichiro made history. He logged 262 hits to break George Sisler’s single-season record of 257, which stood for nearly ninety years. No one has come close since. Well, except for Ichiro. He’s the only active player in the top 25 on the all-time single-season hits list. In fact, he pops up twice: In 2001 — during his rookie year, no less — when he belted 242 hits and again in 2007, when he racked up 238. Only a handful of players over the last 30 years even appear in the top 50. Wade Boggs had 240 hits in 1985 with the Boston Red Sox. Don Mattingly had 238 for the Yankees in 1986. And Minnesota’s beloved Kirby Puckett peppered 234 hits in 1988. What further distinguishes Ichrio is the way he’s sustained such impressive hitting. During his first 10 years with Seattle, Ichiro never got less than 200 hits in a season. We’ll never see another player like him. 7. Pete Rose’s career hits record While Ichiro may have taken the mantle from Pete Rose as this era’s best hitter, Rose’s longevity will never be duplicated. The 17-time all-star smashed 4,256 hits during his 24 major league seasons, breaking legendary outfielder Ty Cobb’s record of 4,191 in 1985. The record couldn’t have fallen in a more storybook-like fashion, as Rose captured it in Cincinnati while playing for his hometown Reds. To top it off, Cobb and Rose are the only members of the 4,000 hits club. 6. Nolan Ryan’s 5,714 career strikeouts For some reason, Nolan Ryan’s career strikeout total isn’t remembered as well as other historical baseball numbers. Maybe because 5,714 doesn’t roll off the tongue quite as easily as 61 or 714. During his 27-year career, Ryan lead the American League in strike outs nine times in three different decades, even topping the National League in strikeouts in 1987 and 1988. Similar to the all-time home run records, A.J. Burnett C.C. Sabathia are the only active players in the top 50 on the career strike outs list. And both are in the twilight of their careers and more than 3,000 strike outs shy of Ryan. Ryan also fanned 383 batters in 1973. While that mammoth feat is only good for eighth place on the all-time single season strikeout list, it was the most any player fanned in one year since 1900. 5. Ricky Henderson’s 1,406 career stolen bases If Ricky Henderson got on base, pitchers were in trouble. Henderson was going to steal second — and maybe even third. Henderson’s dedication to baserunning was nothing short of remarkable. He stayed in immaculate shape despite 25 seasons in the majors. His work ethic paid off in 1998, when at the age of 40, Henderson lead the majors in steals for the 12th time in his career, swiping 66 bases. The drop off between Henderson and Lou Brock — the second-most prolific baserunner in MLB history — is staggering. Although Brock played six fewer seasons, he’s nearly 500 bases behind Henderson. Ichiro, Carl Crawford and Jose Reyes are the only active players among the top 50 career stolen base leaders. Combine their career totals and they’re still short of Henderson by more than 400 steals. So short of these guys finding some P.F. Flyers, this record isn’t going anywhere. 4. Pitcher Denny McLain’s 31-win season Pitch count? Pitchers in the 1960s didn’t need no stinking pitch count. Sometimes they threw 10-plus innings just for a win in July. Other times they threw all nine innings in a 10-run blowout. Either way, pitchers of yore stayed in games longer and threw more than they do today. In the 1960s and 1970s, it was just as commonplace to see a pitcher with 20 or more wins — and double digit complete games — as it was to see a player in the 1990s blasting 60-plus home runs. Several theories try to explain why it’s rare in the post-steroids era for pitchers to win more than 20 games. Fewer starts, strict adherence to the pitch count and advanced scouting often are cited as the primary reasons. The closest anyone’s come to replicating McLain’s magical season with Detroit in 1968 was Steve Carlton and Bob Welch, both of whom won 27 games in 1972 and 1990, respectively. A handful of pitchers have won 24 games since then, including Detroit’s Justin Verlander in 2011. But it’s safe to say that this record isn’t going anywhere soon. 3. New York Yankees’ five straight World Series titles Consider this: since 1960, only four teams have won back-to-back World Series titles. And only two teams pulled off the three-peat: Oakland (1972-74) and New York (1998-2000). Cincinnati and Toronto also won back-to-back championships in 1975-76 and 1991-92, respectively, while the Yankees also captured consecutive titles in 1961-62. Incredibly, New York managed to reach a fourth consecutive World Series in 2001, but the Yankees eventually fell to the Arizona Diamondbacks in seven games. All of the aforementioned champions were very special teams. They were loaded with talent, had incredible luck, and in some cases, benefited from an extremely short postseason. After the players’ strike in 1994, MLB restructured its playoff system. Each league was divided into three divisions – East, West, and Central – and allowed one wildcard team. Now, instead of just the League Championship Series decide the pennant, an extra three-game series was added: the best-of-five Divisional Series. Since the implementation of the new postseason in 1995, which was changed again in 2012 to include a second wild-card team, only Philadelphia, Texas, and the aforementioned Yankees have appeared in consecutive World Series. The Phillies went 1-1 in their two appearances while the Rangers went 0-2. And in today’s world of professional sports, where winning a championship often sparks the mass exodus of talented players, it seems highly unlikely that a club could keep a corps of talented players together long enough to capture six consecutive World Series titles. 2. Barry Bonds’ four straight MVP awards Consecutive MVP winners aren’t that rare in baseball. But to have four seasons like Bonds had in the mid-2000s will never happen again. Taking into account that Bonds was abusing Performance Enhancing Drugs (PEDs), it’s unfathomable to think that someone can tear off five seasons in a row all worthy of MVP honors, especially when you realize that only eight players outside of Bonds have three or more MVPs — none of which they won more than two years in a row. And if someone did, it’s likely that they’d be even more juiced up than Bonds ever was. After Bonds’ retirement in 2007, it appeared that Cardinals slugger Albert Pujols might eventually catch him in total MVPs. Pujols won three MVPs in a span of six years with the Redbirds, capturing back-to-back honors in 2008-09. But since Pujols’ departure to the Angels, his numbers have declined significantly. The same goes for A-Rod — the only other player to win three since MVPs in the last 10 years. It appears that Bonds’ record seven MVP awards, are safe, if not tainted. 1. Los Angeles Dodgers win five consecutive ROTY awards Talk about catching lightning in a bottle. In the 1990s, the Los Angeles Dodgers were responsible for bringing up some of the best young talent of the decade. And the organization was rewarded handsomely for it, as a Dodger received the National League Rookie of the Year Award five straight times between 1992-96. First baseman Eric Karros kicked off the streak, winning Rookie of the Year honors in 1992. Catcher Mike Piazza followed him in ’93; then came outfielder Raul Mondesi. After Mondesi it was pitcher Hideo Nomo – the first while outfielder Todd Hollandsworth rounded out the streak when he captured the award in 1996. While this core nucleus helped the Dodgers reach the playoffs in 1995 and 1996, it also ushered in the notion that Japanese players could have a major impact in the majors. Nomo’s accomplishments paved the way for other Japanese pitchers like Yu Darvish, Hideki Okajima, and Daisuke Matsuzaka, as well as for all-stars like Hideki Matsui and Ichiro. Major League Baseball has countless records that will never be broken. Several were too absurd to make this list. They include numerous pre dead-ball era and dead-ball era pitching feats: most wins in a season, 59; total wins, 511; and most complete games in a season, 75. Others worth mentioning are the most All-Star Game’s played (Hank Aaron, 25), Ty Cobb’s .366 career batting average, the 1899 Cleveland Spider’s 101 road losses, and the league’s longest hitting streak — which stands at 56 games and was set by the immortal Joe DiMaggio in 1941. Standard \| Posted in Baseball \| Tagged A.J. Burnett, Albert Pujols, Alex Rodriguez, American League, Arizona Diamondbacks, Babe Ruth, Barry Bonds, Bob Welch, Boston Red Sox, C.C. Sabathia, Cap Anson, Carl Crawford, Chicago Cubs, Cincinnati Reds, Cleveland Spiders, Daisuke Matsuzaka, Denny McLain, Detroit Tigers, Don Mattingly, Eric Karros, George Sisler, Hank Aaron, Hideki Matsui, Hideki Okajima, Hideo Nomo, Ichiro Suzuki, Joe DiMaggio, Jose Reyes, Justin Verlander, Kirby Puckett, League Championship Series, Los Angeles Dodgers, Major League Baseball, Miami Marlins, Mike Piazza, Minnesota Twins, MLB, National League, New York Yankees, Nolan Ryan, Oakland Athletics, Pete Rose, Philadelphia Phillies, Raul Mondesi, Ricky Henderson, Seattle Mariners, St. Louis Cardinals, Steve Carlton, Texas Rangers, Todd Hollandsworth, Toronto Blue Jays, Ty Cobb, Wade Boggs, World Series, Yu Darvish \| 0 comments	cc/2019-30/en_head_0021.json.gz/line12586
__label__cc	0.735545	0.264455	Course Descriptions Registration Download Schedule Our Approach Facilities Staff Preschool & K Bastille Day… That’s the French 4th of July, right? 09/19/2017 - Blog *Originally posted July 14th, 2016 Every year around this time, I admire the accomplishments of our founding fathers. Although things certainly weren’t perfect then, and we know they aren’t perfect now, the signing of the Declaration of Independence propelled our country towards certain rights for all. Since the signing of one of our nation’s most significant documents in 1776, our nation continues to work towards a society that guarantees the rights to life, liberty, and happiness for all. Interestingly enough, France’s Bastille Day celebrates a less unifying part of history – the storming of the medieval prison fortress in 1789. During this time, the Bastille was a symbol of royal tyranny. The surging of the Bastille was the event that sparked the French Revolution, and thus, the reason why le quatorze juillet (July 14th) is recognized as a national holiday in France. Notably, no French person calls le quatorze juillet – Bastille Day. It’s an angliscme (an English language word borrow/creation) that is widely used in America. Not only are the historical reasons behind the 4th of July and Bastille Day vastly different, the ways in which they are celebrated vary too. In America, citizens across the country sport outfits of red, white, and blue in support of the national holiday. Community parades, fireworks, and BBQs are commonplace in both rural and urban settings. Children often gather to decorate their bicycles; and families, friends, and neighbors come together to honor our founding fathers, and the men and women who continue to serve and protect, today. Although a national holiday, most French citizens do not overtly celebrate this day. In Paris, a gigantic military parade marches down the Champs-Elysees and the evening ends with impressive feu d’artifice (fireworks) near the Eiffel Tour. In the countryside, local fireman stations called Caserne de pompiers hold neighborhood balls. One could expect dancing, singing, and food, of course. This is France after all! But other than these two examples, Bastille Day is more so a day of recognition, than a day of celebration. So what’s the take away? Culturally, Bastille Day is the French equivalent to America’s Fourth of July. Objectively speaking, it is anything but. Chez Benoît – a gastronomic journey to Paris Paris with children – 5 places not to miss in the City of Light The Sweetest Shop in Paris FAQs Testimonials Blog French Institute of the North Shore Copyright © French Institute of the North Shore.	cc/2019-30/en_head_0021.json.gz/line12587
__label__wiki	0.844922	0.844922	Five things a new owner could do to revitalize the Newsweek brand Mathew Ingram May 29, 2013 - 10:10 AM CDT According to a report in Variety magazine, as well as a leaked internal memo, media mogul Barry Diller’s IAC is looking to unload its struggling Newsweek title to anyone who is willing to take it on — provided they want to absorb its substantial liabilities, of course. Diller himself acquired the magazine as part of a merger with The Daily Beast in 2010, and has since described this as a “fool’s errand.” Not exactly a shining recommendation to a would-be buyer, and there are many who believe that Newsweek‘s brand is irreparably damaged. But is it? Or could it be reinvented for a real-time web era? Admittedly, this would be a king-size task, and may even be impossible. Newsweek was already a fairly weak player in the news-magazine game even before it was sold by its previous owner, the Washington Post, to Sidney Harman for the princely sum of $1. There were plenty of sceptics when it came to Diller’s plan to merge the title with Tina Brown’s online-only Daily Beast (which isn’t part of the current sale), and those sceptics have been proven right. Newsweek tried to stem the bleeding by shutting down its print operations, and then embarked on a fairly predictable revenue grab by announcing a paywall, but it is still struggling. According to Variety, the magazine’s traffic has declined sharply and Diller’s media unit reported a loss in the latest quarter of $8.8 million. What purpose does a newsmagazine serve? One of the biggest questions for Newsweek — and even for its more successful counterparts such as Time magazine, which is also reported to be on the block and searching in vain for potential buyers — boils down to this: What does the term “newsmagazine” even mean any more? When news moved at a slower pace and the number of mainstream outlets could be counted on the fingers of one hand, the idea of a weekly magazine that collected and interpreted the major news stories actually made some sense. But not now — not when even a daily newspaper like the Washington Post seems antiquated. So what any new owner of Newsweek would have to do — whether it’s Reuters, as some have suggested, or someone else such as Yahoo (s yhoo), whose CEO has been on an acquisition spree of late — is reinvent what it means to be a newsmagazine in the age of Twitter and blogs and aggregators like BuzzFeed and the Huffington Post (s aol). Is that even possible? I don’t really know. But what follows are a few things any new owner might want to try if they really intend to keep the brand alive and try to make it relevant again. Forget about the paywall for now: Newsweek doesn’t even seem to have enough content that people are willing to read for nothing, let alone pay for. Until it changes that perception, a paywall is totally the wrong strategy. By building up a reputation for smart content of all kinds — whether it’s short news items or longform analytical pieces — Newsweek could create enough demand that it might then be able to launch some kind of “Pro” content offering (as the Atlantic has hinted it may), but that takes time. Out-aggregate the aggregators: One of the things any modern news entity has to compete with is the sheer quantity of aggregated or “curated” news, whether it’s briefs that appear on The Huffington Post or BuzzFeed, or posts that appear on Facebook (s fb) and Twitter and Google News (s goog), which may give readers as much as they want to know about a topic. That’s what the front part of a magazine like Newsweek used to do as well, and it served a purpose. There’s no reason why it couldn’t do that again for the web. Go deep on a few topics: In the same way that mass-market, general-interest newspapers serve less of a purpose than they used to before the web came along, so do broad, mass-market newsmagazines who try to cover everything. Newsweek should choose one or two topics to double-down on — such as politics, or business, or social issues — and devote all its energies to those. It could even set up separate portals for each, as The Atlantic has done with Atlantic Cities or Quartz. Develop some strong voices: One of the reasons why the departure of writers like Andrew Sullivan (who quit The Daily Beast to launch Daily Dish) is such a big deal is that their passion and personal take on topics is what draws a lot of readers. In an age where all media is becoming social (whether it wants to or not), a personal voice is worth more than dozens of unsigned pieces of reportage. Newsweek needs to either develop or buy some strong personalities. Go big on mobile: Having an iPad app isn’t enough any more, not if you want to stand out and grab new mobile users. Newsweek could make a bold move and dump its apps altogether and go native HTML instead, the way the Financial Times has, and use a smart “responsive” design like Atlantic Media’s Quartz. Or it could offer a news aggregation service designed specifically for mobile, the way Trinity Mirror is trying to do with its new Us vs. Th3m offering. At this point, anything would be an improvement. It’s entirely possible that even if a new owner tried all of these suggestions, Newsweek might still fail. At this point, the name and brand of the magazine could be totally beyond saving. But if someone other than Barry Diller has the resources to try and revitalize it, it would be one of the biggest success stories since David Bradley took over The Atlantic and made it a poster child for how to turn around a century-old title. Post and thumbnail photos courtesy of Shutterstock / mariocigic daily beast Future of Media tina brown Expertise and provenance Trust in media is collapsing. Is that such a bad thing? Jon Collins Jan 26, 2018 - 4:02 AM CDT The Rise of Ad Fraud Will 2017 be the Armageddon for Online Ads? Frank J. Ohlhorst Jan 3, 2017 - 5:34 PM CDT	cc/2019-30/en_head_0021.json.gz/line12590
__label__wiki	0.65387	0.65387	Tracked it down - Jack the Ripper documentary Okay I like it already. How you do this I don’t know I’m so Luddite. I’m a bit like Harry redknapo bless him I googled 'Jack the Ripper documentary BBC'. I knew it was on BBC as I've seen the opening scenes. Spookdaddy From my post (#1780): “If you altered the author’s name to A. Scargill and changed every reference to JTR/Maybrick to M. Thatcher, the book would make almost as much sense. The review plastered across the cover states “A bloody good read”. The review is from the Guardian Shocker.”... I don't think opinions were quite as partisan as this implies; Robinson's book got some pretty good reviews (if, usually, with provisos) across a fair share of the spectrum. The Telegraph, for instance - hardly a repository of left-wing thought - describes the book, rather po-facedly (and rather out-Guardianing the Guardian) as performing a most valuable moral service. I very much doubt that even the most right wing of authors would deny that chronic social injustice played its part in the killings – Robinson’s error, to my mind, is to write as if no-one else has ever worked this out. That said, I have some sympathy with Craig Brown's review in the Mail (although, if the paperback blurb is accurate there were more favourable reviews elsewhere in that paper): It is a strange, mind-boggling mixture of pedantry and craziness in which Robinson’s attempts to set out his extraordinarily complex argument in sober, rational terms are continually undermined by sugar-rushes of sudden mad invective. I wouldn't actually argue with that, but I'm not sure it makes the book any less worthy, or any more unhinged, than about 95% of the Ripper canon. It's also a damn sight more exhaustive, interesting and entertaining than many. On another matter, I am about to re-read Tom Westcott's The Bank Holiday Murders - which examines the cases of Martha Tabram and Emma Smith, both of whom, depending on your attachment to the 'canonical five', may, or may not, have been early victims of the Ripper. I read it some time back, but don't think I gave it the attention it deserved. (On a complete aside - should you need any confirmation of the stupidity of some readers, look at the two one star reviews of this book on Amazon.) Likes: Ascalon, GerdaWordyer, sherbetbizarre and 3 others It's very brief, but if anybody is wandering around Whitechapel, the following pamphlet on the Jewish East End may be of interest. It's all rather cursory but contains the ends of several interesting threads: https://www.towerhamlets.gov.uk/Doc...-information/Jewish-East-End-walk-leaflet.pdf Likes: GerdaWordyer, Dick Turpin, escargot and 1 other person OrsonSwells Spookdaddy said: I have very little knowledge of the non-canon murders. Do any of the more knowledgable members here think there is a chance they were linked to the main "Ripper" murders? Also, forgive my ignorance, but are there any potentially credible reports of Ripper activity after Mary Kelly's murder? OrsonSwells said: Yes, and yes (but only potentially). In my opinion there's a credible argument that Tabram was the first of the Ripper's victims, before he had established a consistent modus operandi. Much of the key similarities have been lost in the farcical events that followed her death. A constable named Thomas Barrett challenged a soldier hanging around George Yard at 2 a.m. on the night of the killing and managed to identify his regiment, rank and lack of decoration, but at a subsequent line-up he identified only Grenadier Guardsmen with alibis. Mary Ann Connelly AKA 'Pearly Poll', Tabram's companion on the night she died, was also fairly useless. She agreed to a view a line-up of Guardsman and was confident that she would know the two men she and Tabram had liaised with before they parted, but then she vanished for two days. When she turned up again and the line-up finally did take place, she failed to identify the men, but then dropped the fact that the two men had white cap badges: Coldstream Guards, not the Grenadier Guards garrisoning the Tower. A second line-up saw her pick two more men (one of them the wrong rank), each with a solid alibi. The impression gained by the police is that she was enjoying the attention and taking the p*. There are conceivable victims after Kelly, but only conceivable, not likely. On the move and on a phone, but will try to dig out details later. Edit: the three non-cannonical 'possibles' pre-Tabram were Annie Millwood, Ada Wilson and Emma Elizabeth Smith. I'm hazy in the recollection, but I think only the last looks even conceivable. She was attacked just 100 yards from where Tabram would later be (George Yard), also on a Bank Holiday night and supported herself (at least partially) by prostitution. The problem is that she claimed to have been set upon by a gang (she survived long enough to be taken to hospital) and her extensive wounds were attributed to a blunt weapon or weapons, not a blade. She was also (it pains me to write) penetrated vaginally with a blunt object, and it was the peritonitis that resulted which caused her death. Drunk b****s seem more likely than a serial-killer in training. Seems a long shot for a link to Tabram and the subsequent slayings. None at the time made the connection. Likes: GerdaWordyer, Dick Turpin and OrsonSwells In my opinion there's a credible argument that Tabram was the first of the Ripper's victims, before he had established a consistent modus operandi. Much of the key similarities have been lost in the farcical investigation that followed her death. A constable named Thomas Barrett challenged a soldier hanging around George Yard at 2 a.m. on the night of the killing and managed to identify his regiment, rank and lack of decoration, but at a subsequent line-up he identified only Grenadier Guardsmen with alibis. I got lost in my own rambling there and did what I was accusing others of having done: getting distracted by the non-witness witnesses and the games of soldiers! The points of similarity with the later murders that I failed to list are:- The murder took place in close proximity to a large number of homes in a cramped tenement, yet no sound was heard from the victim and nobody awoke. The superintendent (caretaker) of George Yard buildings, Francis Hewitt, measured the distance from where the body was discovered to where he and his wife slept as just twelve feet. The killer throttled his victim and was very efficient and stifling her cries. Whether this was down to experience or raw strength, we do not know. The logical counter-argument, that Tabram was killed elsewhere and deposited on the first-floor landing is precluded by the absence of blood from any of her thirty-nine stab wounds; she appears to have been murdered where she was found. Contemporary press accounts spoke of the savagery and ferocity of the attack and the victim as having been 'butchered'. The list of wound locations is varied and unpleasant--indicative of a fierce attack. Like with the cannonical victims, this led to the establishment of a local vigilance committee to put minds at some small rest. The non-doctor, Reeves, who found the body said that the victim's pose denoted intercourse had taken place; the doctor, Killeen, did not support this--we have no reason to think the killer had sex with Tabram. The 'bayonet' that hinted at a soldier is likely a red-herring. Only one newspaper account carries the detail, another suggesting only a 'strong instrument' was used for the single wound to the breast bone that did not resemble the other thirty-eight. I would suggest leading questioning by a journalist. There is a description of Dr Killeen's views, but no direct quotation, and, besides, bayonets were on sale to non-soldiers. Most of the damage was done with a knife. While it is true that there was no especial focus on wounding or opening the abdomen and no attempt at purposeful mutilation, this would be consistent with the increased barbarity of attacks in serial killings. The fact that a soldier might have been responsible was re-inforced by Constable Barrett having seen one in the vicinity at 2 a.m. (he said he was waiting for a mate who had gone off with a girl--a prostitute) and Pearly Poll having attested that Martha Tabram went off with a Private soldier as she did his corporal pal. All of this is beside the point. The two couples parted company at 23:45 and Poll lavished 30-40 mins attention on her client; Elizabeth Mahoney and her husband Joseph passed the future scene of the murder at about 01:40 on their way home to No. 47, but Elizabeth went out almost at once and returned home about ten minutes later after purchasing food. Neither of them saw anything. Alfred Crow (a cab-driver) came home to No. 35 at 03:30 and saw a figure lying on the first-floor landing, but assumed a vagrant and did not investigate (this was extremely likely to be the victim). John Reeves at No. 37 finally discovered the body on his way out to work at about 04:45 and Dr Killeen, first to examine the body at around 05:30, suggested that the victim had been dead for three hours. All this gives a time for the attack as between 01:50 and 03:30 (one newspaper says a resident returned home at 02:00 and saw nothing, but detail is lacking), ample time for Tabram to have finished with her soldier, acquired another client elsewhere and returned to the secluded spot for a second tryst. The press being the press, this point is but weak: contemporary journalists explicitly linked the killings of Tabram and Polly Nichols--the same 'lunatic' was widely supposed to have been responsible. I'd like to stress that none of this is the result of my own analysis; it's all culled from Fido and Sugden and presented here in abbreviated form for easy digestion--I wholeheartedly recommend their books on the case. Sugden, incidentally, concludes that Martha Tabram and Liz Stride were 'probably' Ripper victims. He discounts the difference in style of attack (no disemboweling) as irrelevant given that a) she may well have been the first to die, and b) serial killers have been known to do this. He further notes that Abberline, Anderson, Reid and Dew, contemporary figures far more immersed in the case than we could be, counted Tabram as a 'Ripper' victim, and suspects in the later cases were accordingly questioned about their movements on the night of her death. He posits that Ada Wilson could have been the first attack victim (non-fatal--of which there could have been others), and then Tabram the first murder. Likes: Frideswide, Cochise, GerdaWordyer and 2 others dannycheveaux1 Experts dealing with known serial killers generally state that the killer had built up their level of crime before reaching their peak. It's very likely Mary Ann Nichols probably wasn't the first or last to be attacked or killed by Jack. On another note, during the documentary fronted by ex US cop Ed Norris (only just seen this, sorry) that investigated the possibility that James Kelly could have gone to America and carried on killing, it mentions Kelly working as an apprentice upholsterer using a particular knife to rip out old fabric before new fabric was fitted. On a JTR forum someone in the trade says a Ripper may be the name given to someone in this role. If correct, the line "your truly, Jack the Ripper, don't mind me giving the trade name" in the Dear Boss letter, could be Kelly giving a massive clue to his identity A google search shows a "Ripper" being linked to fish markets though. Anyone know any more on this? Should we be looking at fishmongers!? Likes: Frideswide, Dick Turpin and OrsonSwells Great info, yet it needs a bit of off-topic hair care. https://www.allure.com/story/vidal-sassoon-anti-fascist Likes: Frideswide and Dick Turpin dannycheveaux1 said: There is such a thing as a 'ripping knife', more commonly known these days as a 'riving knife' and it seems to be connected with woodworking. http://forums.finewoodworking.com/f.../power-tools-and-machinery/bork-ripping-knife There is such a thing as a 'ripping knife', more commonly known these days as a 'riving knife' and it seems to be connected with woodworking... That's a US site and there are some differences in woodworking definitions between there and the UK. A riving knife this side of the water is the fixed flat blade that sits behind the actual cutting blade of a circular saw, table saw etc - it's purpose is to stop the cut (technically the 'kerf') from closing up after the actual saw blade has passed through, which, if it did occur, would make the blade seize and the timber 'kick back'. The riving knife may have a chamfer on it, but it isn't edged like a cutting blade. It's affixed to a larger machine and, of itself, would be bugger all use for killing someone. (Although you could of course mess someone up good and proper with the rest of the saw). Likes: Dick Turpin and Yithian ...A google search shows a "Ripper" being linked to fish markets though. If you're after red herring, maybe. Sorry, couldn't resist it - but I suspect that's what this line of enqiry would turn out to be. 'Rip' is such a common word in English - and more specifically to this subject, English trades - that I can't see it really gives us much information. Upholsterers use ripping chisels - and, more generally, tradesmen might use the not entirely dissimilar ripping bar; roofers use a slaters ripper; seamstresses and tailors - stitch-rippers; carpenters use ripsaws. I don't doubt that the list goes on. Likes: JamesWhitehead, Cochise and Frideswide Indeed, from the carpentry perspective, ripping is the term given to cutting a plank along its length, as oppressed to transversely. You can see it as a description of use on disposable hands saw packaging to this day. I'd be very dubious of an inferal regarding a ripper as as term for an upholsterer without a citation. Ascalon said: Indeed, from the carpentry perspective, ripping is the term given to cutting a plank along its length, as oppressed to transversely... Yup. Rip and cross-cut, respectively. (Actually, thinking about it Jack the Cross-cutter wouldn't be a bad appellation - I mean, he was clearly quite annoyed about something.) Likes: Frideswide, Ascalon, Coal and 1 other person Jack the Ripper did not struggle with his victims, but quietly killed them in their sleep, an historian has claimed. While it has always been thought that the five confirmed victims of the mysterious serial killer were soliciting when they were killed, Dr Hallie Rubenhold has said that they were all sleeping, and most of them were rough sleeping. The historian, who has published her research in a new book, found evidence from reports of the inquests which points to the conclusion that the women were all killed in their sleep. She sourced much of her research from the London Metropolitan Archive, but also visited a convent of Protestant nuns to uncover the logbooks of a rehabilitation centre that victim Annie Chapman attended. The coroner said in each case that the women were killed in the reclining position, and that there was no struggle and no noise. This points to the conclusion that they were taken advantage of as they slept in Whitechapel. They were also found without any money they could have used for a room in a lodging house, suggesting they were rough sleeping. https://www.telegraph.co.uk/news/2019/02/18/jack-ripper-killed-victims-sleeping-historian-claims/ Her book on Amazon. Likes: OrsonSwells, WanderingFox and Frideswide WanderingFox You know, at first blush, that's actually quite a plausible theory. It does help explain a few things. And, of course, a mitre square is a device used in carpentry for marking out 45 degree angles. Mitre Square? Come on - people have got book deals on less than that! On a serious note: WanderingFox said: Yes. I'm not absolutely convinced - but it's actually quite interesting, and bears more consideration than so many of the other theories the subject attracts. It might be that the women were sleeping rough. But it also might be that The women might were in a reclining position because they were having sex? They might have had a cloth or hand held over or in their mouth to keep them quiet whilst they were murdered? They might have been drinking locally and were "Mickey Finned", then lead to their place of murder? Ravenstone Queen Under The Mountain Or - as has been suggested in other theories - they were throttled into unconsciousness. Victims did exhibit bruising around the mouth consistent with a hand being placed over and held with some force. Indeed. Anything rather than another book about how it was Santa Claus or the Easter Bunny. I still reckon it was Queen Victoria, exiting palaces through secret tunnels. Likes: Coal and Frideswide They claim it’s not ‘Jack’ but it’s the same time period and I don’t know where else to put it. But this is the first time I’ve learn of the unsolved murder on Scotland Yards doorstep. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Whitehall_Mystery Likes: OrsonSwells, JamesWhitehead and Frideswide A DNA analysis of a shawl found next to Katherine Eddowes' body has shown it also has DNA of Aaron Kosminski. But that to me is not proof Kosminski was the Ripper, because he lived nearby and his DN coudl have been on the street anyway. Or the shawl was cross contaminated. Or Kosminski was confused for someone else callad Kaminski. https://www.dailymail.co.uk/news/ar...say-scientists-conducted-fresh-DNA-tests.html Likes: Yithian I don't have the source to hand, but the problem last time was, to grossly oversimplify, that they detected the and matched with the wrong kind of DNA. The match was mitochrondrial DNA, that inherited only down the maternal line. It may match Kosminski as well as a large number of other people: literally thousands. In any case, here's a much better article than the Daily Mail Bowlderisation: https://www.sciencemag.org/news/201...-analysis-finally-reveal-identity-jack-ripper ...here's a much better article than the Daily Mail Bowlderisation: Fascinating and potentially game-changing. l do, however, detect a couple of WTF? comments in the summary: 1. “The first genetic tests on shawl samples were conducted several years ago by Jari Louhelainen, a biochemist at Liverpool John Moores University in the United Kingdom, but he said he wanted to wait for the fuss to die down before he submitted the results.” You reasonably believe that you have concrete evidence that’ll solve one of the most famous mysteries of all time, but you “wait for the fuss to die down”? 2. “The authors say in their paper that the Data Protection Act...stops them from publishing the genetic sequences of the living relatives of Eddowes and Kosminski. The graphic in the paper, they say, is easier for nonscientists to understand, especially “those interested in true crime.” “ Here is what the UK government says about the DPA. If you can find in there any relevance to the possible solution of a 130-year old serial killing, you’re doing better than me. My simple question is this: what happened or changed between 2007 (Edwards acquires shawl and has it analysed) and 2014 (Edwards publishes book)? Kosminski is (I suppose) as good a suspect as it gets, but this is just more hype with no definitive proof. I've been researching and reading about the Ripper since the centenary and with each year that passes I feel that our chances of truly knowing who Jack was is rapidly slipping away. Would I like to know who he (or she) was? Absolutely. Likes: Cochise, Dick Turpin and Frideswide Absolutely Yith. In any case the shawl was supposedly taken by a sergeant of the city police, as he thought it would make a nice gift for his wife. Can we really believe that any self-respecting serving police sergeant, would steal a shawl from a murder victim, that was literally covered in facial matter, blood and seaman to give to his wife as a gift..? It just doesn’t ring true Likes: GerdaWordyer BTW. I’m not sure why I haven’t posted this before on this board, but there is a family story concerning JTR that has been handed down through the years. There is no way it can be substantiated of course, but it’s still a cool story. My Father who was born in 1936, was adopted at the age of four months by his great Aunt. His great aunt was born in 1882, and at the time of the murders the family was living in Brady street, just off the Whitechapel road and literally a few seconds walk from the Polly Nichols murder. The story handed down was that in the early hours of the 31st of August, the great aunt and her elder brother (I presume they shared a bed) were awoken by shouts, police whistles and general fuss so got out of bed and went outside to see what was going on. A crowd had gathered in what was then bucks row, and the police were keeping people back and telling them to move on. There lay the body of Poor Polly Nichols, which as I was told had a cloak had put over the top part of her body. I’m happy to say that the great Aunt, (we called her Nan obviously) lived to the ripe old age of 98 so I remember her fairly well, and it was her that told me the story and which started my fascination in the ripper case, and all things fortean in general. Good old Nan. It’s a shame that I can’t find out if the story was true, or the ramblings an old women in her late 90’s having a bit of fun. Likes: pandacracker, GerdaWordyer, sherbetbizarre and 5 others Thank you for your story, it's weird to think how close the past is, you have more or less direct link to JTR, History's most famous serial killer almost a century and a half later. Hi Ogdred. I like the thought that I have a direct link to the history of JTR, but only if the story were true, and there is no way that I know of in finding that out. The old man isn’t any help at all, as he clams up with any suggestion of his past - I don’t even know the maiden name of his great aunt so cant even check that there were a family of that name living in Brady street at the time of the murders. I guess I’ll just have to accept that it’s a family tale with no corroboration whatsoever. Likes: Lord Lucan and Frideswide	cc/2019-30/en_head_0021.json.gz/line12595
__label__wiki	0.665525	0.665525	Build Your Digital Marketing Strategy The Grow Ensemble Framework Refugee Crisis Solutions: What the U.S., Europe, and the World Are(n’t) Doing to Address the Crisis The international community has come together, most recently in New York, to discuss the rights of refugees. The movement from discussion to action, however, is still in developmental stages. Once the need for durable solutions is recognized, movement is critical though—it’s what gives purpose to the discussion in the first place. Whether it’s secured pathways to safety, resettlement, access to public and private sector support, or social inclusion in host communities, there are many methods for addressing some of the biggest needs for refugee populations. If you are interested in further reading on the refugee crisis, this post is 1 of 4 in our series for “Refugee Awareness Month.” Click to see post #1 “What is a Refugee, #2 How Many Refugees Are There in the World? and #3 How You Can Help Refugees. – Overview – Why demand solutions? Moral obligation Economic concerns What is everyone doing? The U.S. The Fair Share Model Refugee Crisis Solutions: Why demand any? Before we look at some possible models for addressing the refugee crisis, it’s worthwhile to consider why it’s important to demand solutions. It seems obvious: people asking for help as the flee devastating circumstances in their own countries. But, we shouldn’t forget that we are not the first generation faced with refugees. Although the number of refugees today is growing to unprecedented proportions, we should all be in agreement that something must be done, and it should be done better than it was done in the past…hindsight is 20/20. So let’s start there. We have a moral obligation. Eleanor Roosevelt’s biggest regret is said to have been that she did not convince President Roosevelt to accept more refugees before the devastation of WWII. Those regrets are echoed by some of today’s world leaders like Canadian Prime Minister Justin Trudeau who offered an official apology for Canada’s denial of a steamliner carrying more than 900 Jewish refugees in 1939, saying, “We refused to help them when we could have. We contributed to sealing the cruel fates of far too many at places like Auschwitz, Treblinka and Belzec. We failed them. And for that, we are sorry . . . .” But that remorse is meaningless if we just do the same thing again and again. Two years ago, the United Nations Under-Secretary-General for Humanitarian Affairs and Emergency Relief Coordinator warned that the world faced the worst humanitarian crisis since World War II. The UN official warned that without a collective effort from the global community to provide for our refugees, they will, in remarkable numbers, starve amidst widespread famine or die of disease such as cholera. If we commit to action over apologies, maybe we won’t have to repeat the same regrets and apologies 70 years from now. United States Holocaust Memorial Museum/National Archives and Records It’s about the economy too. In addition to the moral obligation that should incentivize able nations to help, an increasingly globalized world means the effects of not supporting global refugees will likely have bleak consequences for the global community as a whole. In addition to the moral responsibility of the global community to take appropriate action, there are economic consequences to the world turning a blind eye (or just taking off its glasses). Over half of the world’s refugees are under eighteen years old. The economic consequences will be severe not only for the countries where these children will become adults but also to the global economy as a whole. So what’s everyone doing? The European Commission describes asylum as a fundamental right. Because free movement is one of the fundamental characteristics of the EU, member states have several agreements regarding the fundamental rights and the common framework for addressing migration to and through European borders. Member states signed on to, “shared responsibility to welcome asylum seekers in a dignified manner, ensuring they are treated fairly . . . .” through the Common European Asylum System. The policy underlying this system is fair, efficient, and humane treatment of asylum-seekers and consistency in the law for those seeking refuge in EU member states. When someone applies for asylum in the EU, they are supposed to be guaranteed minimum living conditions in terms of access to housing, food, employment, and healthcare. Despite the written agreements between all EU member states regarding the fundamental rights of refugees, over 70% of the 530,000 people granted asylum in 2017 received that protection from Germany. Instead of approaching European migration as a collective European effort as put forth in various agendas and legislative agreements, the EU has remained more true to approaches aimed at reducing the number of migrants “arriving irregularly” to its borders. Despite a 17 percent increase in the needs of refugee settlement from 2018 to 2019, the United States slashed its refugee limit to the historic low of just 30,000. Applying the Fair Share Model proposed by Reynolds and Vacatella, the United States’ fair share would be 6,911,438 of the world’s refugees, or 27.17%. But, the current distribution is nowhere near this number with the refugee population in the United States currently at 815,608, or 3.2%. Although not new, the irony of the United States’ political aversion to refugees is not lost on most; the country founded after the arrival—only 400 years ago—of refugees seeking protection from religious persecution. Not only does the United States fail to take responsibility for its fair share, but it further relies on the perilous circumstances of the journey to reduce the number of people able to seek help at its border. Donald Trump’s campaign to build a wall follows this strategy. This is a substantial concern in light of the fact that between 1998 and 2018, 7,167 people are reported to have died while attempting to cross the Southwest border into the United States. And we have seen photos and heard news reports of people meeting that exact fate at the American border. Despite the resistance to arrivals, the United States still has an “obligation under international human rights law to ensure that its laws, policies and practices do not place immigrants at an increased risk of human rights abuses.” Photo from Time Magazine While the concern for resources is a far cry from reality in the world’s richest countries, it is the reality for the developing countries that bear the bulk of the burden of providing refugee support. There, resources are stretched thin. For example, Bangladesh, which currently houses nearly 4% of the world’s refugees, is struggling to meet the basic needs of the Rohingya people. Over 700,000 refugees fled over the border from Myanmar into Bangladesh in the short span of three months. Nearly a million refugees are now in Bangladesh—the most densely populated county in the world. It is now the location of the world’s largest refugee camp. The country is struggling to provide clean water, schools for the children, and protection from sexual abuse and exploitation for the large numbers of refugees fleeing the ethnic cleansing in Myanmar. Despite its struggle to provide adequate care for those coming into their country, Bangladesh has come forward as a beacon of hope for a humanitarian priority. Uganda, a poor country, ranks 162nd out of 188 on the Human Development Index. However, it is a country with a long history of providing support to refugees, and currently hosts around 5% of the world’s refugees. In addition to the Ugandan government, private landowners demonstrate unique generosity and hospitality to refugees who have fled to their country, providing land for refugees to resettle in designated resettlement areas. The government also provides access to Uganda’s national services for the refugees, over half of whom are women and children. Uganda perceives the plight of refugees not only as a humanitarian responsibility but also an economic opportunity for its country: an opportunity to support this large population to contribute to the construction and development of the Ugandan society. Hilary Onek, Uganda’s Minister of Relief, Disaster Preparedness and Refugees explained, “Uganda has continued to maintain an open-door policy to refugees based on traditional African hospitality and not turning away anybody who is running to us for safety.” With its humanitarian and economic efforts come the challenges of providing sufficient land, water, healthcare, and educational resources for those it hosts. The actions of these countries demonstrate remarkable humanitarianism and leadership. Their commitment to opening their doors to those asking for safety despite their own domestic struggles puts the kibosh on the argument that the richest countries in the world simply do not have the resources to provide the humanitarian aid necessary for their fair share of the world’s refugees. What should we be doing? But how do you determine how many refugees each country in the world should be responsible for? Sarnata Reynolds and Juan Pablo Vacatello took a first step in making responsibility calculable; a step toward concretizing the often theoretical or philosophical discussion of “what’s fair.” They offered a mdoel not to provide a solution to the complex question of responsibility, but to provide a starting point for debate, facilitating tangible progress in reaching some agreement. The model determines the capacity of each of the 193 UN member countries to host and support refugees, quantifying the responsibility by a calculated number of refugees. They used GDP, weighted as 75% of the calculation, and population, weighted as the remaining 25% of the calculation to determine states’ fair shares. The report here is packed with information that can get you thinking about what additional factors you think should be included in the calculation. The Responsibility Sharing Model was offered as “the first global model to measure the capacity of governments to physically protect and financially support refugees and host communities.” Looking at the capacity of the global community, Reynolds and Vacatello gave “alert” status to some countries i.e., those countries deemed too fragile or unstable themselves to be fairly assigned responsibility to take in on any portion of the world’s refugees. Having made that distinction for the purposes of the proposed model, almost a third of all refugees do in fact currently reside in the states assigned “alert” status. Applying the Fair Share Model to the EU, the EU’s fair share should be 23.48% of the world’s refugees, or around 6,911,400 refugees. The current refugee population in the EU, however, falls 3,136,500 short of the calculated capacity, hosting only 11.7%, a large portion of which can be attributed to the generosity of Germany alone. Applying the Fair Share Model, the United States’ fair share would be 6,911,438 of the world’s refugees, or 27.17%. But, the current distribution is nowhere near this number with the refugee population in the United States currently at 815,608, or 3.2% The former United Nations Special Representative of the Secretary-General for Migration and Development, Peter Sutherland, rebutted the trends of distribution of responsibility (and there has not been a notable change since his 2015 statement) as “responsibility by proximity.” He meant that it is geographic proximity to the refugees’ home counties that the international community is allowing to determine responsibility for the humanitarian crisis. Instead, “the world needs to get its act together” and provide a collective response to alleviate the plight of refugees regardless of geographic location. With more discussion of the proper distribution of responsibility for refugees, there is an opportunity for us to better understand the factors at play and once responsibility is accepted, perhaps we can recognize refugee populations as potential contributors, not burdens, to host countries. A much-needed shift in policy may allow us to accept the principle that “[m]igration is not a threat to be stopped; it is a complex phenomenon to be managed for the benefit and safety of all involved.” by Annie Bright \| Jul 13, 2019 © 2018 Grow Ensemble	cc/2019-30/en_head_0021.json.gz/line12598
__label__wiki	0.978582	0.978582	Saudi Crown Prince Arrives at White House to Meet with Trump President Trump welcomed Saudi Arabia’s crown prince, Mohammed bin Salman, to the White House on Tuesday, reaffirming his endorsement of an ambitious young monarch bent on reforming his country and realigning the broader Middle East. The last time Mr. Trump played host to Prince Mohammed at the White House, a year ago, he was jockeying for position in the court of his father, King Salman. This time, with Mr. Trump’s enthusiastic support, Prince Mohammed arrives after having rapidly consolidated his position as Saudi Arabia’s heir apparent and a disruptive figure in the region. The two leaders are expected to take up an array of thorny issues: Mr. Trump’s forthcoming decision on whether to rip up the Iran nuclear deal; his nearly completed Middle East peace plan; Saudi Arabia’s bitter dispute with its neighbor, Qatar; and the brutal civil war in Yemen, which has led lawmakers to propose a cutoff in American support for a Saudi-led bombing campaign that has killed thousands. Prince Mohammed has cut a wide swath in the last year, pushing through radical reforms in Saudi society but also imprisoning more than 380 princes, businessmen and former government ministers in the Ritz-Carlton Hotel in Riyadh, as part of an anti-corruption campaign. Mr. Trump has lavished praise on Prince Mohammed for his calls for tolerance and moderation, while largely ignoring his purge of the Saudi establishment. Analysts and administration officials said they expected Mr. Trump to focus on regional issues, like Iran’s aggression and tensions in the Persian Gulf, than on the internal crackdown, which has led to charges — denied by the Saudi government — that it used physical abuse to get people to surrender their assets. The president, a senior administration official said Monday, is likely to urge Prince Mohammed to settle a festering dispute that pits Saudi Arabia and the United Arab Emirates against Qatar. Mr. Trump had initially sided with the Saudis and Emiratis, echoing their claims that the Qataris finance extremism and terrorism around the region. But as the feud has dragged on, the administration has become worried about the long-term effect on unity in the Persian Gulf, especially in the face of an emboldened Iran. Anthony C. Zinni, a retired Marine Corps general and former commander of Central Command, recently toured the gulf to try to find ways to resolve the grievances. Read full article by Mark Landler on The New York Times, March 20, 2018.	cc/2019-30/en_head_0021.json.gz/line12599
__label__cc	0.683265	0.316735	Lamium album / White Dead Nettle Herb Tincture 250ml Tincture made by a process of hydro-ethanolic percolation, with a ratio of 1 part White Dead Nettle Herb to 4 parts liquid. Liquid comprises of 75% water and 25% sugar beet derived ethanol. Lamium album / White Dead Nettle Herb Tincture 250ml is available for purchase in increments of 1 If you would like to buy this product, please click here to login or register This product is discounted due to a short shelf life. B.B.E date is August 2019. This listing is for 250ml Bottles of Tincture Lamium album, commonly called white nettle or white dead-nettle,but also known as Blind nettle, stingless nettle, archangel. White dead nettle is an herbaceous flowering perennial plant that belongs to the mint family (Lamiaceae,) native throughout Europe and Asia, growing in a variety of habitats from open grassland to woodland, generally on moist, fertile soils. The alternate leaves are broad, heart-shaped and coarsely serrated. They look somewhat similar to the leaves of stinging nettle (Urtica dioica) but do not sting hence the English common name “dead nettle”. These two plants belong to different plant families and are not related. Medicinal Action and Uses Analgesic - White dead nettle is primarily regarded as a “woman’s herb” and it has been used as an herbal remedy for painful and irregular periods, pelvic inflammatory disease (PID), vaginal discharge, and as a tonic for the uterus. Astringent - Because of the herb’s astringent properties, it can be helpful in treating diarrhea, hemorrhoids and varicose veins. Diuretic - It is thought to nourish and have overall positive effect on the urinary tract system and it has been used as a natural treatment for urinary tract infections and difficulty with urination in both women and men. Expectorant - A tea made from the dried leaves of white dead nettle has been used as an expectorant agent, cough suppressant and to soothe minor inflammation of the mucosa of the mouth. Skin Conditions - Externally, the plant has been used as a home remedy for skin rashes, eczema and acne. Product is supplied in amber PET bottles with tamper evident screw tops. White Dead Nettle Herb Tincture 250ml	cc/2019-30/en_head_0021.json.gz/line12606
__label__cc	0.748628	0.251372	What is a Fighting Knife? FIghting knives are sometimes also called combat knives or trench knives. They are used by the military and other who want a knife specifically for close range combat and personal defense. They are considered specialized, partly due to the range of the weapons. Hand-to-hand combat that involves knives has to happen in a very close range. Fighting knives tend to be made only for the purpose of confrontation and have few, if any, other functions. They do not make good EDC knives, for example, because fighting knives are not adept at carrying out ordinary daily tasks. They would not be appropriate to use for cutting rope or untangling something, for instance. They are only for combat, and usually military style combat. There are variations on fighting knives that are more useful in everyday life, such as the field knife, fighting utility knife and the tactical knives. These have additional functions besides combat. Even the military has shifted since World War I toward fighting knives that have additional utility features and aren’t confined to fighting. What is the Best Fighting Knife? The best fighting knife is a matter of preference and circumstances. For military personnel, they will likely receive guidance on what kind of fighting knife to carry with them in dangerous situations. Since World War I, the fighting knives used by the military have shifted toward a more utility style of knife. This allows for additional uses and functionality. It allows members of the military to have an all around knife that will also work for combat should the need arise. For civilians, pure fighting knives are not recommended and are unlikely to be necessary. Even military personnel in dangerous situations opt for a utility knife, and this is likely to be more practical for civilians as well. Fighting utility knives offer flexibility and convenience, whereas a pure fighting knife may become a display item but not a practical everyday item. The choice of what kind of fighting knife also depends largely on feel and weight. These knives can become large and heavy, so someone planning to carry the knife with them would certainly want to opt for a more practical EDC knife that has also self defense capability. Some related styles of knives include survival knives, bayonets, hunting knives and EDC knives. Tactical Knives for Knife Fighting Tactical knives can be used for knife fighting, as they are, by design, knives that include at least one military or martial feature. These features could be a blade meant for stabbing, for example. Such features are meant specifically for use in extreme conditions, such as a personal defense emergency. If you found yourself in a situation where you needed to defend yourself, a tactical knife is one possible tool you could use. Tactical knives cover a broad range of knife types. They are not one single thing. Sometimes, fighting knives and tactical knives are wrapped up in the same category. The two types of knives share similarities and certainly have plenty of overlap. Tactical knives, however, were originally designed as utility tools suitable for a wide range of situations and scenarios. This includes many types of scenarios that do not involve knife fighting. Tactical knives were not actually originally designed to be primarily a weapon, though they have come to be used as weapons from time to time. Some tactical knives can fold, making them useful EDC pocket knives that can also work for extreme self defense scenarios. The defining feature is that these types of knives have some tactical features that would aid the user in a fight. Knight Fighting Techniques and Styles In the military, many personnel learn knife fighting techniques in case they end up in an extreme situation in which those skills are necessary. There are times when members of the military find themselves in a dangerous situation and can only use a knife for their personal defense. In such cases, they must lean on knife fighting techniques and styles to protect themselves. These days, civilians are also learning knife fighting techniques and styles from trained professionals. It is not recommended that anyone learn knife fighting on their own, as there are plenty of experts who can teach proper technique and form when it comes to knife fighting. Knife fighting is a contemporary fighting art. However, because of the nature of knives and the extreme close quarters required for a knife fight, knife fighting is considered brutal, bloody and deadly. A real knife fight often ends with at least one person seriously injured, though often both fighters are injured due to the close range. Those wishing to learn knife fighting should be aware that even trained professional do not recommend ever engaging in a real knife fight, due to the extremely high risk of injury. Experts also warn never to threaten someone with a knife, as this is almost always a serious legal offense. However, as a training practice and martial art, knife fighting and knife throwing are taught to civilians. Knife fighting would involve learning the proper grip, such as a hammer grip or ice pick grip. The ice pick grip is better for close quarters, as it allows for stabbing and slashing. In all scenarios, knife fighting requires specialized training and knowledge. Learning Knife Fighting Stances Stances in knife fighting change depending on the range of the combat. Close combat requires a different stances than long range fighting. In a knife fighting situation, you need a strong offense as well as an impenetrable defense. This is because of how frequently injury occurs during a knife fight. Aggression is required to reach your target quickly and decisively, but a strong defense is necessary because when you are close enough to hit them, they will be close enough to hit you as well. The knife blade should always point forward and away from you in your forward, not back, hand. It must lead the charge and point at your opponent. In general, the fighter’s body should always be behind their knife in order to have the most optimal position for fighting in a knife battle. Mini Karambit Self Defense Knife — Sale price $12.99 Tactical Skeleton Survival Knife — Regular price $13.79 All Black Steel Tactical Combat Knife — Sale price $21 Tactical Fixed Blade Combat Knife — Sale price $25.18 Paratrooper Cord Tactical Fixed Blade Knife — Sale price $20.66	cc/2019-30/en_head_0021.json.gz/line12610
__label__wiki	0.96008	0.96008	Hong Kong-Based guitarist Jason Kui signs with Prosthetic Records Prosthetic Records is proud to welcome Hong Kong-based rock and blues musician and composer Jason Kui to its roster. Kui is a session and touring guitarist who has worked with many well-known artists throughout Hong Kong and China. As a teenager, he was drawn to the playing of Eddie Van Halen, John Petrucci and Andy Timmons, who all greatly influenced his playing. Kui's debut album, Absence of Words, features diverse sounds - modern metal, hard rock, funk and ballad - while integrating rock lead techniques and compelling melodies throughout. Prosthetic Records will make the album available for the first time outside of Hong Kong on October 13, 2017. Jason Kui says: "Fortunately for me, instrumental music is popular again like in the 80's, and it has no language barriers - an Asian rock or pop singer could never find a large audience in the US or Europe. Prosthetic Records is known for great instrumental artists, like Marty Friedman. Getting signed by Prosthetic is quite unbelievable. It has been my ambition for years to be signed by an American label. I hope this will lead a tour and performing in the US." Absence of Words was mixed and mastered in New York by Matthew Sim at Germano Studios and Alex Psaroudakis at Sterling Sound and features several other guest musicians, including one of the most in-demand bassists in Hong Kong, Chan Siu Kei, as well as American modern metal drum virtuoso, Anup Sastry. Sastry played on all the tracks on the album and his unique, modern sound and incredible techniques are recognizable in every song. Reactive Impulse Morning Breeze (featuring Rafa De la Garza) Dance of Awakening (The Spirit) Squeaky Switch Now! You! Know! (featuring Josh Smith) Kui started his career as a sideman at the age of 23, and has played countless shows at the Coliseum, Hong Kong's largest venue which seats 12,500. He recently finished a two-year world tour as lead guitarist for Eason Chan, the legendary Hong Kongsinger. The 135-show tour included venues in China, South-east Asia, Australia, New Zealand, Canada and the USA, including Madison Square Garden. The two finale shows were performed at Beijing's Bird's Nest Olympic Stadium to sell-out crowds totalling 100,000 people. www.facebook.com/jasonkui British Blues rockers The Thinking Men stream EP via Never Enough Notes‏ British blues rockers The Thinking Men are currently having their latest EP, “Queen Of The Ravens”, streamed over at Never Enough Notes ahead of their July 30th release date! When asked recently about the EP title, which is also the name of the lead single, the band said: “We enjoy delving into the darkest recesses of man’s mind, a place that remains hidden from the majority of the world. What you tend to discover is that emotions, such as love, often have many faces, some of which are a lot darker and more sinister than the popular societal conception of love would lead you to believe. So, ‘Queen Of The Ravens’ is about dispelling popular myths concerning love by highlighting its potential to psychologically torture.” The full EP can be streamed here - http://www.neverenoughnotes.co.uk/2016/06/nen-exclusive-the-thinking-men-preview-new-ep-streaming-queen-of-the-ravens-in-full/ The Thinking Men were formed by Johnny Raspin (guitar and vocals) and Ronnie Smith (lead guitar). As a duo they began writing and performing together, but were soon joined by Sarah Raspin (keyboards & backing vocals), Matt Rowe (drums & backing vocals) and Duncan Samwell (double bass). Described as “Gritty and seductive bluesy rock” by The Blue Walrus, this exciting Norwich quintet have been working hard cultivating and maturing their sound accumulating in their latest offering. They have carved out a somewhat unique sound, harking back to the swinging 60’s, but with a contemporary, modern feel. Channelling inspiration from the likes of Tom Waits, Nick Cave, The Doors and Jack White the band have seen their popularity grow and have built up a steady following locally, often selling out venues. The Thinking Men have become reputable for their eccentric, unpredictable and theatrical live performances that simply enthral and captivate their audiences with infectious, foot stomping anthems that reverberate throughout the auditorium. A must see live act that doesn’t disappoint, from the first note to the final chord! They began attracting more attention in 2013, picking up Future Radio’s Next Big Thing award. While building their scintillating live reputation, the band have also produced a number of self-releases. Most notably their 2014 EP, “Ululate”. Which was mastered by Joe Laporta of Sterling Sound (The Killers, Foo Fighters & Imagine Dragons). They also continued to get busy on the live circuit; scoring spots on a number of festivals, including The Secret Garden Party, VW Whitenoise, Symmetry & Red Rooster. Elsewhere, the band racked up support slots with Molotov Jukebox (fronted by Game of Thrones actress Natalia Tena), The Weeks, Doors Alive & Kill It Kid. Their most recent home town show in Norwich at the famed Norwich Arts Centre was a sold out affair. All of which has led to their latest release; “Queen Of The Ravens EP”! In support of the new record, the quintet are set to hit the stage again this summer. With a slot at Festival Too, one of Europe's largest free festivals, and a support with The Wonderstuff. It’s an exciting moment for The Thinking Men. Time to come along for the ride! Wales' Buffalo Summer unveil album sampler & behind-the-scenes interview segments‏ Southern Welsh rockers Buffalo Summer recently announced their signing with the home of legends, UDR Music, and the release of their upcoming classic blues/soul rock-influenced record "Second Sun", out May 20, 2016. Right now, you can watch a Buffalo Summer video EPK that includes snippets of each song on "Second Sun", as well as behind-the-scenes interviews with the band at their studio. The interviews detail the band's writing process on this album, how they connected with producer Barrett Martin (Screaming Trees, REM, Queens of The Stone Age, Walking Papers), and other subjects. Watch here: Pre-order Second Sun here: Second Sun CD (digipack): http://smarturl.it/BS-Second-Sun-CD Second Sun LP (180g, coloured vinyl): http://smarturl.it/BS-Second-Sun-LP Second Sun digital download (with "Make You Mine" grat track): Amazon: http://smarturl.it/BS-Second-Sun-MP3 iTunes: http://smarturl.it/BS-Second-Sun-iTunes "Second Sun" track listing: 1. Money 1 2. Heartbreakin' Floorshakin' 3. Make You Mine 4. Neverend 5. As High As The Pines 6. Light Of The Sun 7. Levitate 8. Into Your Head 9. Little Charles 10. Priscilla 11. Bird On A Wire 12. Water To Wine www.facebook.com/buffalosummer Eric Clapton set to release 23rd studio album 'I Still Do' on 20th May ALBUM TRACK LISTING Alabama Woman Blues Can’t Let You Do It I Will Be There Catch The Blues Little Man, You’ve Had a Busy Day Stones In My Passway I Dreamed I Saw St. Augustine I’ll Be Alright Somebody's Knockin' Music legend Eric Clapton has reunited with famed producer Glyn Johns for his forthcoming 23rd studio album "I Still Do", set for release on May 20th, 2016 on his Bushbranch Records / Surfdog Records. Clapton and Johns – who has also produced albums for The Eagles, The Rolling Stones, Led Zeppelin and The Who – most famously worked together on Clapton’s iconic "Slowhand" album, which is RIAA-certified 3x-platinum and topped charts globally. The 12-track record includes some original songs written by Clapton. This album follows his last release, the 2014 chart-topping "Eric Clapton & Friends: The Breeze, An Appreciation of JJ Cale." “This was a long and overdue opportunity to work with Glyn Johns again, and also, incidentally, the fortieth anniversary of 'Slowhand'!” said Eric Clapton. The album’s artwork – a carefully crafted illustration of Clapton – is the work of esteemed artist Sir Peter Blake, whose previous art includes the co-design of The Beatles’ "Sgt. Pepper’s Lonely Hearts Club Band" album sleeve, as well as the Band Aid single “Do They Know It’s Christmas?,” Paul Weller’s "Stanley Road" and The Who’s "Face Dances". "I Still Do" features Blake’s signature at the bottom right corner of the cover. After his time with the Yardbirds in 1963, Clapton began a career as a professional musician that has seen numerous bands, an abundance of albums, countless worldwide sold out shows, an impressive array of accolades, unwavering critical acclaim and his consistent display of legendary guitar work. Clapton’s career, has resulted in 18 Grammy Awards and the distinct honour of being the only triple inductee into the Rock & Roll Hall of Fame. www.ericclapton.com www.facebook.com/ericclapton "I Still Do" will be available May 20th, 2016 Eric Clapton set to release 23rd studio album 'I Still Do' on 20th May 2016 Music legend Eric Clapton has reunited with famed producer Glyn Johns for his forthcoming 23rd studio album "I Still Do", set for release on May 20, 2016 on his Bushbranch Records / Surfdog Records. Clapton and Johns – who has also produced albums for The Eagles, The Rolling Stones, Led Zeppelin and The Who – most famously worked together on Clapton’s iconic "Slowhand" album, which is RIAA-certified 3x-platinum and topped charts globally. The 12-track record includes some original songs written by Clapton. This album follows his last release, the 2014 chart-topping Eric Clapton & Friends: The Breeze, An Appreciation of JJ Cale. The album’s artwork – a carefully crafted illustration of Clapton – is the work of esteemed artist Sir Peter Blake, whose previous art includes the co-design of The Beatles’ Sgt. Pepper’s Lonely Hearts Club Band album sleeve, as well as the Band Aid single “Do They Know It’s Christmas?,” Paul Weller’s Stanley Road and The Who’s Face Dances. I Still Do features Blake’s signature at the bottom right corner of the cover. MUSICIAN CREDITS: Eric Clapton: Guitars, Tambourine & Vocals Henry Spinetti: Drums & Percussion Dave Bronze: Double Bass & Electric Bass Andy Fairweather Low: Electric & Acoustic Guitar, Backing Vocals Paul Carrack: Hammond Organ & Backing Vocals Chris Stainton: Keyboards Simon Climie: Keyboards, Electric & Acoustic Guitar Dirk Powell – Accordion, Mandolin & Backing Vocals Walt Richmond – Keyboards Ethan Johns – Percussion Michelle John – Background Vocals Sharon White – Background Vocals Angelo Mysterioso - Acoustic Guitar & Vocals on “I Will Be There” ALBUM CREDITS: Produced by: Glyn Johns	cc/2019-30/en_head_0021.json.gz/line12615
__label__cc	0.696061	0.303939	Iran has the answer to low oil prices from the link...…….Of course, President Trump, of all people,... First left-arrow Created with Sketch. 61 right-arrow Created with Sketch. Last watso 21,631 Posts. from the link ...…….Of course, President Trump, of all people, should be somewhat skeptical of the U.S. “intelligence” community. After all, the U.S. intelligence community universally supported President George Bush’s claims that Iraq had massive amounts of weapons of mass destruction (WMDs). Saddam Hussein, then Iraq’s strong man, refused to give up his WMDs, even under threat of invasion by the U.S., and eventually this led to the Iraq War of 2003. But, after very little in the way of WMDs were found in Iraq in the war’s aftermath, several questions were raised, one of which was how could U.S. intelligence have been so wrong? Another question was why did Hussein not just let the U.S. and other countries come in and see for themselves that he had no WMDs? One theory is that he did not want his main enemy — the Iranians — to know that he did not have much of substance in the way of WMDs, as if they thought he had WMDs, it kept them at bay. Of course, had Hussein remained in power, Iran is unlikely to pose any threat to anyone today. Yet, Pompeo said he is depending on the “intelligence” community. For that matter, it was the Central Intelligence Agency (CIA) that said in 1978 that the Shah of Iran was very secure in power — and would be for the next 20 years. The next year, the Shah was driven from power in the Iranian Revolution. DO NOT TRUST THE USA INTELLIGENCE AGENCIES .... never forget that Pompeo was pretty proud to claim that the CIA lied and cheated Likes Created with Sketch. 11 Upvote To track your stocks with the HotCopper watchlist GBR $0.03 2.7% clock Created with Sketch. Sun 11:56 DSX $0.52 0.2% clock Created with Sketch. Today 16:09	cc/2019-30/en_head_0021.json.gz/line12617
__label__wiki	0.614502	0.614502	The elevation of a geographic location is its height above or below a fixed reference point, most commonly a reference geoid, a mathematical model of the Earth's sea level as an equipotential gravitational surface (see Geodetic datum § Vertical datum). The term elevation is mainly used when referring to points on the Earth's surface, while altitude or geopotential height is used for points above the surface, such as an aircraft in flight or a spacecraft in orbit, and depth is used for points below the surface. Elevation is not to be confused with the distance from the center of the Earth. Due to the equatorial bulge, the summits of Mount Everest and Chimborazo have, respectively, the largest elevation and the largest geocentric distance. Sign at 8,000 feet (2,438 m) in the San Bernardino Mountains of southern California (2009) Vertical distance comparison Elevation histogram of the Earth's surface, of which approximately 71% is covered with water Part of a topographic map of Haleakala (Hawaii), showing elevation. Landsat Image over SRTM Elevation by NASA, showing the Cape Peninsula and Cape of Good Hope, South Africa in the foreground.[1] GIS or geographic information system is a computer system that allows for visualizing, manipulating, capturing, and storage of data with associated attributes. GIS offers better understanding of patterns and relationships of the landscape at different scales. Tools inside the GIS allow for manipulation of data for spatial analysis or cartography. Heightmap of Earth's surface (including water and ice) in equirectangular projection, normalized as 8-bit grayscale, where lighter values indicate higher elevation. A topographical map is the main type of map used to depict elevation, often through use of contour lines. In a Geographic Information System (GIS), digital elevation models (DEM) are commonly used to represent the surface (topography) of a place, through a raster (grid) dataset of elevations. Digital terrain models are another way to represent terrain in GIS. USGS (United States Geologic Survey) is developing a 3D Elevation Program (3DEP) to keep up with growing needs for high quality topographic data. 3DEP is a collection of enhanced elevation data in the form of high quality LiDAR data over the conterminous United States, Hawaii, and the U.S. territories. There are three bare earth DEM layers in 3DEP which are nationally seamless at the resolution of 1/3, 1, and 2 arcseconds.[1] Global 1-kilometer map This map is derived from GTOPO30 data that describes the elevation of Earth's terrain at intervals of 30 arcseconds (approximately 1 km). It uses color and shading instead of contour lines to indicate elevation. Each tile is available at a resolution of 1800 × 1800 pixels (approximate file size 1 MB, 60 pixels = 1 degree, 1 pixel = 1 minute) Processed LiDAR point cloud showing not only elevation, but heights of features as well. Orthometric height Geodesy of North America Sea Level Datum of 1929 later National Geodetic Vertical Datum of 1929 (NGVD 29) North American Vertical Datum of 1988 (NAVD 88) List of European cities by elevation List of highest mountains List of highest towns by country Normaal Amsterdams Peil Normalhöhennull Table of the highest major summits of North America Temperature lapse rate Topographic isolation Topographic prominence Vertical pressure variation ^ Survey, U.S. Geological. "The National Map: Elevation". nationalmap.gov. Retrieved 2017-02-24. U.S. National Geodetic Survey website Geodetic Glossary @ NGS NGVD 29 to NAVD 88 online elevation converter @ NGS United States Geological Survey website Geographical Survey Institute Downloadable ETOPO2 Raw Data Database (2 minute grid) Find the elevation of any place Altitude or height (sometimes known as 'depth') is defined based on the context in which it is used (aviation, geometry, geographical survey, sport, atmospheric pressure, and many more). As a general definition, altitude is a distance measurement, usually in the vertical or "up" direction, between a reference datum and a point or object. The reference datum also often varies according to the context. Although the term altitude is commonly used to mean the height above sea level of a location, in geography the term elevation is often preferred for this usage. Vertical distance measurements in the "down" direction are commonly referred to as depth. Anatomical terms of motion Motion, the process of movement, is described using specific anatomical terms. Motion includes movement of organs, joints, limbs, and specific sections of the body. The terminology used describes this motion according to its direction relative to the anatomical position of the joints. Anatomists use a unified set of terms to describe most of the movements, although other, more specialized terms are necessary for describing the uniqueness of the movements such as those of the hands, feet, and eyes. In general, motion is classified according to the anatomical plane it occurs in. Flexion and extension are examples of angular motions, in which two axes of a joint are brought closer together or moved further apart. Rotational motion may occur at other joints, for example the shoulder, and are described as internal or external. Other terms, such as elevation and depression, describe movement above or below the horizontal plane. Many anatomical terms derive from Latin terms with the same meaning. Antarctica (UK: or , US: (listen)) is Earth's southernmost continent. It contains the geographic South Pole and is situated in the Antarctic region of the Southern Hemisphere, almost entirely south of the Antarctic Circle, and is surrounded by the Southern Ocean. At 14,200,000 square kilometres (5,500,000 square miles), it is the fifth-largest continent and nearly twice the size of Australia. At 0.00008 people per square kilometre, it is by far the least densely populated continent. About 98% of Antarctica is covered by ice that averages 1.9 km (1.2 mi; 6,200 ft) in thickness, which extends to all but the northernmost reaches of the Antarctic Peninsula. Antarctica, on average, is the coldest, driest, and windiest continent, and has the highest average elevation of all the continents. Most of Antarctica is a polar desert, with annual precipitation of 20 cm (7.9 in) along the coast and far less inland. The temperature in Antarctica has reached −89.2 °C (−128.6 °F) (or even −94.7 °C (−135.8 °F) as measured from space), though the average for the third quarter (the coldest part of the year) is −63 °C (−81 °F). Anywhere from 1,000 to 5,000 people reside throughout the year at research stations scattered across the continent. Organisms native to Antarctica include many types of algae, bacteria, fungi, plants, protista, and certain animals, such as mites, nematodes, penguins, seals and tardigrades. Vegetation, where it occurs, is tundra. Antarctica is noted as the last region on Earth in recorded history to be discovered, unseen until 1820 when the Russian expedition of Fabian Gottlieb von Bellingshausen and Mikhail Lazarev on Vostok and Mirny sighted the Fimbul ice shelf. The continent, however, remained largely neglected for the rest of the 19th century because of its hostile environment, lack of easily accessible resources, and isolation. In 1895, the first confirmed landing was conducted by a team of Norwegians. Antarctica is a de facto condominium, governed by parties to the Antarctic Treaty System that have consulting status. Twelve countries signed the Antarctic Treaty in 1959, and thirty-eight have signed it since then. The treaty prohibits military activities and mineral mining, prohibits nuclear explosions and nuclear waste disposal, supports scientific research, and protects the continent's ecozone. Ongoing experiments are conducted by more than 4,000 scientists from many nations. Atmospheric pressure, sometimes also called barometric pressure (after the sensor), is the pressure within the atmosphere of Earth (or that of another planet). The standard atmosphere (symbol: atm) is a unit of pressure defined as 1013.25 mbar (101325 Pa), equivalent to 760 mm Hg (torr), 29.9212 inches Hg, or 14.696 psi. The atm unit is roughly equivalent to the mean sea-level atmospheric pressure on Earth, that is, the Earth's atmospheric pressure at sea level is approximately 1 atm. In most circumstances atmospheric pressure is closely approximated by the hydrostatic pressure caused by the weight of air above the measurement point. As elevation increases, there is less overlying atmospheric mass, so that atmospheric pressure decreases with increasing elevation. Pressure measures force per unit area, with SI units of Pascals (1 pascal = 1 newton per square metre, 1 N/m2). On average, a column of air with a cross-sectional area of 1 square centimetre (cm2), measured from mean (average) sea level to the top of Earth's atmosphere, has a mass of about 1.03 kilogram and exerts a force or "weight" of about 10.1 newtons, resulting in a pressure of 10.1 N/cm2 or 101 kN/m2 (101 kilopascals, kPa). A column of air with a cross-sectional area of 1 in2 would have a weight of about 14.7 lbf, resulting in a pressure of 14.7 lbf/in2. Death Valley is a desert valley located in Eastern California, in the northern Mojave Desert bordering the Great Basin Desert. It is one of the hottest places in the world along with deserts in the Middle East.Death Valley's Badwater Basin is the point of the lowest elevation in North America, at 282 feet (86 m) below sea level. This point is 84.6 miles (136.2 km) east-southeast of Mount Whitney, the highest point in the contiguous United States, with an elevation of 14,505 feet (4,421 m). On the afternoon of July 10, 1913, the United States Weather Bureau recorded a high temperature of 134 °F (56.7 °C) at Furnace Creek in Death Valley. This temperature stands as the highest ambient air temperature ever recorded at the surface of the Earth.Located near the border of California and Nevada, in the Great Basin, east of the Sierra Nevada mountains, Death Valley constitutes much of Death Valley National Park and is the principal feature of the Mojave and Colorado Deserts Biosphere Reserve. It is located mostly in Inyo County, California. It runs from north to south between the Amargosa Range on the east and the Panamint Range on the west; the Grapevine Mountains and the Owlshead Mountains form its northern and southern boundaries, respectively. It has an area of about 3,000 sq mi (7,800 km2). The highest point in Death Valley itself is Telescope Peak in the Panamint Range, which has an elevation of 11,043 feet (3,366 m). A digital elevation model (DEM) is a 3D CG representation of a terrain's surface – commonly of a planet (e.g. Earth), moon, or asteroid – created from a terrain's elevation data. A "global DEM" refers to a Discrete Global Grid. DEMs are used often in geographic information systems, and are the most common basis for digitally produced relief maps. While a DSM may be useful for landscape modeling, city modeling and visualization applications, a DTM is often required for flood or drainage modeling, land-use studies, geological applications, and other applications, and in planetary science. A geographic information system (GIS) is a system designed to capture, store, manipulate, analyze, manage, and present spatial or geographic data. GIS applications are tools that allow users to create interactive queries (user-created searches), analyze spatial information, edit data in maps, and present the results of all these operations. GIS (more commonly GIScience) sometimes refers to geographic information science (GIScience), the science underlying geographic concepts, applications, and systems.GIS can refer to a number of different technologies, processes, techniques and methods. It is attached to many operations and has many applications related to engineering, planning, management, transport/logistics, insurance, telecommunications, and business. For that reason, GIS and location intelligence applications can be the foundation for many location-enabled services that rely on analysis and visualization. GIS can relate unrelated information by using location as the key index variable. Locations or extents in the Earth space–time may be recorded as dates/times of occurrence, and x, y, and z coordinates representing, longitude, latitude, and elevation, respectively. All Earth-based spatial–temporal location and extent references should be relatable to one another and ultimately to a "real" physical location or extent. This key characteristic of GIS has begun to open new avenues of scientific inquiry. List of U.S. states and territories by elevation The elevation of the U.S. states, the federal district, and the territories may be described in several ways. These include: the elevation of their highest point; the elevation of their lowest point and the difference between (range of) their highest points and lowest points.The following list is a comparison of elevation absolutes in the United States. Data include interval measures of highest and lowest elevation for all 50 states, the District of Columbia, and territories.Which state or territory is "highest" and "lowest" is determined by the definition of "high" and "low". For instance, Alaska could be regarded as the highest state because Denali, at 20,310 feet (6,190.5 m), is the highest point in the United States. However, Colorado, with the highest mean elevation of any state as well as the highest low point, could also be considered a candidate for "highest state". Determining which state is "lowest" is equally problematic. California contains the Badwater Basin in Death Valley, at 279 feet (85 m) below sea level, the lowest point in the United States; while Florida has the lowest high point, and Delaware has the lowest mean elevation. Florida is also the flattest state, with the smallest difference between its highest and lowest points. The list of highest points in each state is important to the sport of highpointing, where enthusiasts attempt to visit the highest point in each of the contiguous 48 states, or in all 50 states, or in all 50 states plus the District of Columbia and the territories. As of 2006, 155 people had reached all fifty state highpoints. Roughly 200–300 people attend the Highpointers Club convention each year.All elevations in the table below have been adjusted to the North American Vertical Datum of 1988. The mean elevation for each state is accurate to the nearest 100 ft (30 m). Metres above sea level Metres above mean sea level (MAMSL) or simply metres above sea level (MASL or m a.s.l.) is a standard metric measurement in metres of vertical distance (height, elevation or altitude) of a location in reference to a historic mean sea level taken as a vertical datum. Mean sea levels are affected by climate change and other factors and change over time. For this and other reasons, recorded measurements of elevation above sea level might differ from the actual elevation of a given location over sea level at a given moment. Montane ecosystems Montane ecosystems refers to any ecosystem found in mountains. These ecosystems are strongly affected by climate, which gets colder as elevation increases. They are stratified according to elevation. Dense forests are common at moderate elevations. However, as the elevation increases, the climate becomes harsher, and the plant community transitions to grasslands or tundra. Mount Whitney Mount Whitney is the tallest mountain in the contiguous United States and the Sierra Nevada, with an elevation of 14,505 feet (4,421 m). It is located in East–Central California, on the boundary between California's Inyo and Tulare counties, 84.6 miles (136.2 km) west-northwest of the lowest point in North America at Badwater Basin in Death Valley National Park at 282 ft (86 m) below sea level. The west slope of the mountain is in Sequoia National Park and the summit is the southern terminus of the John Muir Trail which runs 211.9 mi (341.0 km) from Happy Isles in Yosemite Valley. The east slope is in the Inyo National Forest in Inyo County. A mountain is a large landform that rises above the surrounding land in a limited area, usually in the form of a peak. A mountain is generally steeper than a hill. Mountains are formed through tectonic forces or volcanism. These forces can locally raise the surface of the earth. Mountains erode slowly through the action of rivers, weather conditions, and glaciers. A few mountains are isolated summits, but most occur in huge mountain ranges. High elevations on mountains produce colder climates than at sea level. These colder climates strongly affect the ecosystems of mountains: different elevations have different plants and animals. Because of the less hospitable terrain and climate, mountains tend to be used less for agriculture and more for resource extraction and recreation, such as mountain climbing. The highest mountain on Earth is Mount Everest in the Himalayas of Asia, whose summit is 8,850 m (29,035 ft) above mean sea level. The highest known mountain on any planet in the Solar System is Olympus Mons on Mars at 21,171 m (69,459 ft). Myocardial infarction (MI), also known as a heart attack, occurs when blood flow decreases or stops to a part of the heart, causing damage to the heart muscle. The most common symptom is chest pain or discomfort which may travel into the shoulder, arm, back, neck or jaw. Often it occurs in the center or left side of the chest and lasts for more than a few minutes. The discomfort may occasionally feel like heartburn. Other symptoms may include shortness of breath, nausea, feeling faint, a cold sweat or feeling tired. About 30% of people have atypical symptoms. Women more often present without chest pain and instead have neck pain, arm pain or feel tired. Among those over 75 years old, about 5% have had an MI with little or no history of symptoms. An MI may cause heart failure, an irregular heartbeat, cardiogenic shock or cardiac arrest.Most MIs occur due to coronary artery disease. Risk factors include high blood pressure, smoking, diabetes, lack of exercise, obesity, high blood cholesterol, poor diet and excessive alcohol intake, among others. The complete blockage of a coronary artery caused by a rupture of an atherosclerotic plaque is usually the underlying mechanism of an MI. MIs are less commonly caused by coronary artery spasms, which may be due to cocaine, significant emotional stress and extreme cold, among others. A number of tests are useful to help with diagnosis, including electrocardiograms (ECGs), blood tests and coronary angiography. An ECG, which is a recording of the heart's electrical activity, may confirm an ST elevation MI (STEMI), if ST elevation is present. Commonly used blood tests include troponin and less often creatine kinase MB.Treatment of an MI is time-critical. Aspirin is an appropriate immediate treatment for a suspected MI. Nitroglycerin or opioids may be used to help with chest pain; however, they do not improve overall outcomes. Supplemental oxygen is recommended in those with low oxygen levels or shortness of breath. In a STEMI, treatments attempt to restore blood flow to the heart and include percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI), where the arteries are pushed open and may be stented, or thrombolysis, where the blockage is removed using medications. People who have a non-ST elevation myocardial infarction (NSTEMI) are often managed with the blood thinner heparin, with the additional use of PCI in those at high risk. In people with blockages of multiple coronary arteries and diabetes, coronary artery bypass surgery (CABG) may be recommended rather than angioplasty. After an MI, lifestyle modifications, along with long term treatment with aspirin, beta blockers and statins, are typically recommended.Worldwide, about 15.9 million myocardial infarctions occurred in 2015. More than 3 million people had an ST elevation MI, and more than 4 million had an NSTEMI. STEMIs occur about twice as often in men as women. About one million people have an MI each year in the United States. In the developed world, the risk of death in those who have had an STEMI is about 10%. Rates of MI for a given age have decreased globally between 1990 and 2010. In 2011, a MI was one of the top five most expensive conditions during inpatient hospitalizations in the US, with a cost of about $11.5 billion for 612,000 hospital stays. Mean sea level (MSL) (often shortened to sea level) is an average level of the surface of one or more of Earth's bodies of water from which heights such as elevation may be measured. The global MSL is a type of vertical datum – a standardised geodetic datum – that is used, for example, as a chart datum in cartography and marine navigation, or, in aviation, as the standard sea level at which atmospheric pressure is measured to calibrate altitude and, consequently, aircraft flight levels. A common and relatively straightforward mean sea-level standard is instead the midpoint between a mean low and mean high tide at a particular location.Sea levels can be affected by many factors and are known to have varied greatly over geological time scales. However 20th century and current millennium sea level rise is caused by global warming, and careful measurement of variations in MSL can offer insights into ongoing climate change.The term above sea level generally refers to above mean sea level (AMSL). Spherical coordinate system In mathematics, a spherical coordinate system is a coordinate system for three-dimensional space where the position of a point is specified by three numbers: the radial distance of that point from a fixed origin, its polar angle measured from a fixed zenith direction, and the azimuth angle of its orthogonal projection on a reference plane that passes through the origin and is orthogonal to the zenith, measured from a fixed reference direction on that plane. It can be seen as the three-dimensional version of the polar coordinate system. The radial distance is also called the radius or radial coordinate. The polar angle may be called colatitude, zenith angle, normal angle, or inclination angle. The use of symbols and the order of the coordinates differs between sources. In one system frequently encountered in physics (r, θ, φ) gives the radial distance, polar angle, and azimuthal angle, whereas in another system used in many mathematics books (r, θ, φ) gives the radial distance, azimuthal angle, and polar angle. In both systems ρ is often used instead of r. Other conventions are also used, so great care needs to be taken to check which one is being used. A number of different spherical coordinate systems following other conventions are used outside mathematics. In a geographical coordinate system positions are measured in latitude, longitude and height or altitude. There are a number of different celestial coordinate systems based on different fundamental planes and with different terms for the various coordinates. The spherical coordinate systems used in mathematics normally use radians rather than degrees and measure the azimuthal angle counterclockwise from the x-axis to the y-axis rather than clockwise from north (0°) to east (+90°) like the horizontal coordinate system. The polar angle is often replaced by the elevation angle measured from the reference plane. Elevation angle of zero is at the horizon. The spherical coordinate system generalizes the two-dimensional polar coordinate system. It can also be extended to higher-dimensional spaces and is then referred to as a hyperspherical coordinate system. A summit is a point on a surface that is higher in elevation than all points immediately adjacent to it. The topographic terms acme, apex, peak (mountain peak), and zenith are synonymous. The term top (mountain top) is generally used only for a mountain peak that is located at some distance from the nearest point of higher elevation. For example, a big massive rock next to the main summit of a mountain is not considered a summit. Summits near a higher peak, with some prominence or isolation, but not reaching a certain cutoff value for the quantities, are often considered subsummits (or subpeaks) of the higher peak, and are considered part of the same mountain. A pyramidal peak is an exaggerated form produced by ice erosion of a mountain top. Summit may also refer to the highest point along a line, trail, or route. The highest summit in the world is Everest with height of 8844.43 m above sea level (29,029 ft). The first official ascent was made by Tenzing Norgay and Sir Edmund Hillary. They reached the mountain's peak in 1953.Whether a highest point is classified as a summit, a sub peak or a separate mountain is subjective. The UIAA definition of a peak is that it has a prominence of 30 metres (98 ft) or more; it is a mountain summit if it has a prominence of at least 300 metres (980 ft). Otherwise, it's a subpeak. In many parts of the western United States, the term summit refers to the highest point along a road, highway, or railroad. For example, the highest point along Interstate 80 in California is referred to as Donner Summit and the highest point on Interstate 5 is Siskiyou Mountain Summit. In modern mapping, a topographic map is a type of map characterized by large-scale detail and quantitative representation of relief, usually using contour lines, but historically using a variety of methods. Traditional definitions require a topographic map to show both natural and man-made features. A topographic survey is typically published as a map series, made up of two or more map sheets that combine to form the whole map. A contour line is a line connecting places of equal elevation. Natural Resources Canada provides this description of topographic maps:These maps depict in detail ground relief (landforms and terrain), drainage (lakes and rivers), forest cover, administrative areas, populated areas, transportation routes and facilities (including roads and railways), and other man-made features. Other authors define topographic maps by contrasting them with another type of map; they are distinguished from smaller-scale "chorographic maps" that cover large regions, "planimetric maps" that do not show elevations, and "thematic maps" that focus on specific topics.However, in the vernacular and day to day world, the representation of relief (contours) is popularly held to define the genre, such that even small-scale maps showing relief are commonly (and erroneously, in the technical sense) called "topographic".The study or discipline of topography is a much broader field of study, which takes into account all natural and man-made features of terrain. In topography, prominence measures the height of a mountain or hill's summit relative to the lowest contour line encircling it but containing no higher summit within it. It is a measure of the independence of a summit. A peak's key col (highest gap between two mountains) is a unique point on this contour line and the parent peak is some higher mountain, selected according to various objective criteria. Topography is the study of the shape and features of land surfaces. The topography of an area could refer to the surface shapes and features themselves, or a description (especially their depiction in maps). Topography is a field of geoscience and planetary science and is concerned with local detail in general, including not only relief but also natural and artificial features, and even local history and culture. This meaning is less common in the United States, where topographic maps with elevation contours have made "topography" synonymous with relief. Topography in a narrow sense involves the recording of relief or terrain, the three-dimensional quality of the surface, and the identification of specific landforms. This is also known as geomorphometry. In modern usage, this involves generation of elevation data in digital form (DEM). It is often considered to include the graphic representation of the landform on a map by a variety of techniques, including contour lines, hypsometric tints, and relief shading.	cc/2019-30/en_head_0021.json.gz/line12618
__label__wiki	0.986302	0.986302	WTVJ WTVJ, virtual channel 6 (UHF digital channel 31), is an NBC owned-and-operated television station licensed to Miami, Florida, United States and also serving Fort Lauderdale. The station is owned by the NBC Owned Television Stations subsidiary of NBCUniversal (itself a subsidiary of Comcast), as part of a duopoly with Fort Lauderdale-licensed WSCV (channel 51), a flagship station of the co-owned Telemundo network. The two stations share studios on Southwest 27th Street (off I-75) in Miramar; WTVJ's transmitter is located between Northwest 210th and 207th Streets in the Andover neighborhood of Miami Gardens (northeast of Hard Rock Stadium). Miami–Fort Lauderdale, Florida NBC 6 (general) NBC 6 News (newscasts) NBC 6 (or Team 6) is Everywhere Digital: 31 (UHF) Virtual: 6 (PSIP) 6.1: NBC (O&O) 6.2: Cozi TV (NBC Telemundo License LLC) Call letters' meaning none; assumed backronym for TeleVision Journalism Sister station(s) WSCV Former channel number(s) Analog: 4 (VHF, 1949–1995) Former affiliations CBS (1949–1989) Secondary: NBC (1949–1956) ABC (1949–1957) DuMont (1949–1956) DT2: NBC WX (2004–2008) Transmitter power 1,000 kW Transmitter coordinates 25°58′7″N 80°13′20″W / 25.96861°N 80.22222°WCoordinates: 25°58′7″N 80°13′20″W / 25.96861°N 80.22222°W Licensing authority Public license information CDBS www.nbcmiami.com Florida's first television station Archived WTVJ news tape as seen from the Florida Moving Image Archive. The logo shown was adopted shortly before the switch to NBC in 1989 (before the station officially switched to NBC, the "4" was used by itself). The station first signed on the air on March 21, 1949 at 12:00 p.m. WTVJ was the first television station to sign on in the state of Florida, and the 16th station in the United States. Originally broadcasting on VHF channel 4, the station was founded by Wometco Enterprises, a national movie theater chain that was headquartered in Miami. The station's original studio facilities were located in the former Capitol Theater on North Miami Avenue in Downtown Miami, which was the first theater operated by Wometco when the company was founded in 1926. The station was a primary CBS affiliate, but also carried programming from the other three major broadcast networks of that era (ABC, NBC and DuMont). During the late 1950s, the station was also briefly affiliated with the NTA Film Network.[1] WTVJ was the only commercial television station in the Miami market until Fort Lauderdale-based WFTL-TV (channel 23) signed on the air on December 24, 1954, operating as an NBC affiliate. However, WFTL had no success whatsoever in competing against WTVJ, in part because television sets were not required to have UHF tuning capability until the All-Channel Receiver Act went into effect in 1964. NBC continued to allow WTVJ to cherry-pick programs broadcast by the network until WCKT (channel 7, now Fox affiliate WSVN) signed on in July 1956 and WFTL went dark (that station's former channel 23 allocation is now occupied by Univision owned-and-operated station WLTV-DT). Channel 4 shared ABC programming with WCKT, by way of an arrangement with the network to allow both stations to cherry-pick programming. Although ABC had a full-time affiliate in WITV (channel 17), due to the aforementioned lack of UHF penetration at that time, this arrangement continued until WPST-TV (channel 10, now WPLG) signed on in August 1957. WTVJ also served as the de facto CBS affiliate for West Palm Beach, until WTVX (channel 34, now a CW affiliate) signed on in 1966. WTVJ served as the producing station for CBS' Jackie Gleason Show after Gleason moved the program from New York City to Miami Beach in 1964. Acquisition by KKR Wometco founder and president Mitchell Wolfson died in 1983 and a long-rumored secret plan to run the company after his death was never found. The remaining Wolfson heirs had no desire to keep the company in the family, and it quickly unraveled, making it a ripe takeover target. Investment firm Kohlberg Kravis Roberts & Co. took over Wometco in 1984 in a $1 billion deal, the largest corporate buyout in history to that date. KKR sold most of Wometco's entertainment assets to the latter company's chief operating officer Arthur Hertz in 1985. With the cash from this sale, KKR then purchased Storer Broadcasting's station properties, shortly after the Federal Communications Commission raised the television station ownership limit from seven stations (with no more than five located on the VHF band) to twelve. KKR's intent was to sell the properties within a few years at a higher price. In 1986, KKR opted to put WTVJ and the Storer stations on the market. The firm had plans to sell channel 4 for a record price of close to $500 million (as part of a $1.85 billion group deal with six of the Storer stations), although the station was actually worth far less. CBS saw a chance to acquire an owned-and-operated station in the fast-growing Miami market. However, it lost a bidding war to television syndication company Lorimar-Telepictures.[2] CBS, however, tried to block the deal; Lorimar produced Dallas, Knots Landing, Falcon Crest, and other shows for the network and did not want them controlling the clearance rights of those particular programs. Thus, CBS threatened to yank its affiliation with WTVJ if the Lorimar deal went through, which would force the station to become an independent.[3] Lorimar then walked away from the group deal in May 1986,[3][4] CBS then made an offer to buy WTVJ for $170 million, which was far below KKR's asking price of at least $270 million.[3] WTVJ's newsroom. Acquisition by NBC Over the next few months, the only offers to buy WTVJ came from companies that owned large groups of independent stations, such as Tribune Broadcasting, Pappas Telecasting Companies and Chris-Craft Industries/United Television. These and other companies wanted to convert WTVJ into an independent station or a Fox affiliate, for a price far lower than KKR's asking price. The only way that KKR could make such a large profit was to sell WTVJ to another network, as some potential buyers had no interest in keeping CBS while the only ones that could purchase the station for the asking price were ABC and NBC.[3] CBS did not believe that KKR would sell WTVJ to another network, so it returned with a very low offer. KKR turned CBS's offer down almost out of hand and then approached the other networks. ABC was not interested, since it was more than satisfied with its longtime affiliate, WPLG. However, NBC was very interested because its longtime affiliate, WSVN, heavily preempted the network's daytime lineup—including programs that the network aired in the noon timeslot, in favor of running a local newscast—as well as an occasional prime time show. NBC was far less tolerant of preemptions than CBS and ABC at the time, and was particularly annoyed at losing valuable advertising in such a fast-growing market. This had not been a problem at first since most of the programs that were preempted by WSVN aired on West Palm Beach-based WPTV, which provided at least grade B signal coverage to nearly the entire Miami-Fort Lauderdale market, and had been available on cable in the area for decades. In the few cases where WPTV and WSVN both turned down an NBC program, the network usually arranged for other stations in the area to carry its programming. However, by 1985, WPTV had been dropped from most Miami cable systems to make way for new cable channels (partly due to limited headend channel capacity), resulting in some NBC programs that were preempted by WSVN being unavailable to some viewers. NBC realized that purchasing its own station with less restrictive ownership laws would guarantee that its entire network schedule would be cleared. Hence, it made an offer almost as high as Telepictures did a few months before, and in 1987, KKR agreed to sell WTVJ to NBC for $270 million.[5] NBC assumed control of WTVJ in mid-September 1987. However, both WTVJ's and WSVN's respective affiliation contracts with CBS and NBC did not expire until December 31, 1988. As a result, NBC faced the prospect of having to run WTVJ as a CBS affiliate for over a year. This did not sit well with either NBC or CBS, and both approached WSVN's parent Sunbeam Television about ending the station's NBC affiliation contract early. However, Sunbeam balked; its owner, Edmund Ansin, did not want to lose NBC's strong lineup of sports programming that year, including the Major League Baseball World Series and the Summer Olympics. Sunbeam also made an unsuccessful play to take the CBS affiliation. NBC did strip nearly all CBS branding from channel 4, and began airing nearly all NBC programs that were preempted by channel 7. In turn, this resulted in WTVJ preempting some CBS programs, with the affected shows airing instead on WCIX. CBS then formally approached channel 6, despite the fact that it would have provided a much weaker signal to Fort Lauderdale than that provided by WTVJ or WSVN. WCIX's transmitter was located near Homestead, 20 miles (32 km) southwest of downtown Miami, giving Fort Lauderdale only a weaker, "Grade B" signal. Accordingly, West Palm Beach's longtime ABC affiliate, WPEC, was persuaded by CBS to switch to the network in order to ensure full coverage in Fort Lauderdale and northern Broward County. In August 1988, CBS announced that it would purchase WCIX from the TVX Broadcast Group, which itself had purchased the station from Taft in 1987.[6] WTVJ ended its 40-year affiliation with CBS on January 1, 1989, and became the third station in Miami to have carried programming from NBC. CBS moved the rest of its programs over to WCIX, while WSVN became the new Fox affiliate for South Florida; most of WCIX's syndicated programs, such as most of its cartoons and sitcoms—with exceptions such as I Love Lucy, Family Ties, Star Trek: The Next Generation and a few others—went to WDZL (channel 39, now CW affiliate WSFL-TV). In a bit of irony, WTVJ also continued to preempt NBC's noon offerings in favor of carrying a local newscast. That timeslot would be given back to the network's affiliates in 1991. Shortly after the switch, the station debuted an image campaign based on the Bobby McFerrin song "Don't Worry, Be Happy", that lasted until 1993.[7] WTVJ's former set. Move to channel 6 On July 14, 1994, after the E. W. Scripps Company signed an affiliation deal with ABC that renewed the network's affiliations with its affiliates in Cleveland and Detroit (which were both heavily targeted by CBS to replace two stations that were slated to switch to Fox) and caused three other stations to switch to the network, Westinghouse Broadcasting (Group W) signed a long-term deal with CBS, in which three Westinghouse-owned stations (one that was aligned with ABC and two that also were aligned with NBC) would become CBS affiliates, joining two other stations owned by the company that were already affiliated with that network.[8] Westinghouse would later acquire CBS that August, turning all of the Group W radio and television stations into CBS owned-and-operated television and radio stations.[9] One of the stations involved in the affiliation agreement was Philadelphia's longtime NBC affiliate, KYW-TV. CBS decided to sell off its longtime O&O in that market, WCAU-TV. This led to a deal that was struck on November 21, 1994 between CBS and NBC, in which CBS sold the channel 6 transmitter facility and license to NBC as compensation for the loss of KYW-TV and Westinghouse's other NBC affiliate, WBZ-TV in Boston. In return, CBS received the stronger channel 4 transmitter facility, license and cash as compensation for the loss of WCAU (KCNC-TV in Denver and KUTV in Salt Lake City (which was acquired by NBC earlier that year) were both purchased by, and ended up switching to CBS as a result of this deal).[10] In April 1995, WTVJ dropped all references to its channel 4 allocation outside of news programming in preparation for the channel swap; newscasts continued to be branded as Channel 4 News until the move to channel 6; however, it rebranded as "WTVJ NBC" for all other purposes, using a logo that featured only the NBC peacock logo with the WTVJ call letters (rendered in the Univers typeface) placed below it. At 1am on Sunday, September 10, 1995, WTVJ and WCIX swapped channel positions. WTVJ's entire intellectual unit (calls, shows, NBC network, and staff) moved from channel 4 to channel 6, while the intellectual unit of WCIX, which changed its calls accordingly to WFOR-TV, moved to channel 4. However, both stations' retained their respective existing studio facilities. Due to the manner in which the transfer was structured, the two stations were required to swap licenses in addition to their transmitting facilities. As a result, WTVJ legally operated under the old WCIX license until the end of the analog broadcasting era. This move led to WPTV picking up market share of NBC programming in Broward County from WTVJ, as WTVJ moved its transmitter from its longtime home on the Broward–Dade county line to WCIX's former transmitter in Homestead (about 20 miles (32 km) south of Miami). WPTV's signal in Fort Lauderdale is actually closer to city-grade than WTVJ's (though it still transmits a Grade B signal in the area). In April 1998, WTVJ sold its Capitol Theatre studios to the General Services Administration for $11.6 million, which planned to build a courthouse on the space where the building was located. Three months later, it was announced that the station had purchased a plot of land located off the intersection of I-75 and Miramar Parkway in Miramar, with plans to build a 64,000 square foot studio facility for the station; WTVJ moved into the newly constructed complex in 2000.[11] Aborted sale to Post-Newsweek On March 19, 2008, NBCUniversal announced that it was putting WTVJ up for sale for an estimated asking price of $350 million. On July 18, Post-Newsweek Stations entered into an agreement to buy the station for $205 million;[12] the purchase would have created a duopoly between WTVJ and Post-Newsweek-owned WPLG. However, FCC ownership rules prohibit the ownership of two of the four highest-rated television stations in a single market in terms of overall audience share. Under ordinary circumstances, this would preclude a duopoly between two "Big Three" stations; however, according to Nielsen, WPLG ranked in first place and WTVJ ranked sixth overall in total-day viewership during the May 2008 sweeps period, allowing the possibility of a purchase (WTVJ's sixth-place ranking was due to several factors including the station's own programming weaknesses at the time and the strong ratings performance of WLTV). Incidentally, this would have resulted in a rare instance in which the senior partner in one duopoly became the junior partner in another, as NBC had owned both WTVJ and WSCV. Had the sale gone through, WTVJ would have consolidated its operations with WPLG at that station's Hallandale Beach Boulevard studios in Pembroke Park.[13] Post-Newsweek would have also acquired all of WTVJ and WSCV's new high definition production equipment that was installed in the stations' Miramar studios. Despite a formal petition that was filed with the FCC against the proposed sale, the sale was approved by the Federal Trade Commission on October 6, 2008. However, the sale was canceled on December 23, 2008, citing poor economic conditions and the lack of FCC approval.[14] On March 21, 2009, WTVJ celebrated its 60th anniversary and aired a half-hour special called WTVJ: The First 60 Years, which highlighted the station's history since its March 21, 1949 sign-on.[15] On January 6, 2017, WTVJ and fellow NBC affiliates WFLA-TV in Tampa and WDIV-TV in Detroit were admonished by the FCC along with seven other stations for failure to comply fully with the sponsorship disclosure requirements of its political advertising rules. The stations were cited for such violations as not identifying the officials of the sponsoring organizations, not noting the issue that non-candidate spots addressed, and identifying a sponsor by an acronym rather than its full name.[16] Digital television Digital channels The station's digital signal is multiplexed: PSIP Short Name Programming[17] 6.1 1080i 16:9 WTVJ-DT Main WTVJ programming / NBC 6.2 480i Cozi TV Cozi TV The station carried NBC Weather Plus on its second digital subchannel from 2004 to 2008, when the network began winding down operations and became an automated local weather channel known as NBC Plus. On February 25, 2009, WTVJ became the last NBC O&O to carry Universal Sports, airing it on digital subchannel 6.3; it was removed on January 1, 2012, when Universal Sports transitioned into a cable and satellite-only network. In early 2011, WTVJ's 4.2 digital subchannel switched its programming from NBC Plus to a 24-hour news and lifestyle network carried only on NBC's O&Os called NBC Nonstop (under the branding "NBC Miami Nonstop"; NBC Nonstop relaunched as Cozi TV on December 20, 2012);[18] the subchannel also carried a weeknight 9 p.m. newscast, which was eventually cancelled.[19] Analog-to-digital conversion WTVJ ended programming on its analog signal, on VHF channel 6, on June 12, 2009, the official date in which full-power television stations in the United States transitioned from analog to digital broadcasts under federal mandate. The station's digital signal continued to broadcasts on its pre-transition UHF channel 31.[20] Through the use of PSIP, digital television receivers display the station's's virtual channel as its former VHF analog channel 6. After the transition, the station moved its main transmitter from the former WCIX tower site in Homestead to a facility on the Broward–Dade county line, bringing WTVJ's signal on par with the other Miami television stations for the first time in fourteen years. As part of the SAFER Act,[21] WTVJ kept its analog signal on the air until June 26 to inform viewers of the digital television transition through a loop of public service announcements from the National Association of Broadcasters. After the programming loop was completed on June 26, the station ran a pre-recorded video of news anchor Bob Mayer introducing a black-and-white film clip of Ralph Renick uttering his closing phrase, "Good night... and may the good news be yours." marking the end of analog television on WTVJ.[22] The WTVJ signal was previously relayed on three other translators, W44AC (channel 44) in Key West, W58BU (channel 58) in Hallandale (from a transmitter in Pembroke Park) and W52BB (channel 52) in Big Pine Key. Prior to the digital television transition, W58BU (which originally was assigned the W61AA calls until late 1992) was necessary as WTVJ's former analog transmitter in Redland, located 20 miles (32 km) southwest of downtown Miami, was located farther south than other Miami area television stations. As a result, Fort Lauderdale and the rest of Broward County received a grade-B signal from the station's analog transmitter. After WTVJ discontinued its analog signal on June 26, 2009, W58BU remained on the air for nearly two years afterward; however, with WTVJ's digital transmitter now located in the same area as other major television stations in the market, the need for W58BU was diminished. The translator was shut down on April 5, 2011; NBC surrendered its license,[23] with the Federal Communications Commission (FCC) formally deleting it on June 2. W52BB remains in operation as a separate station, WGZT-LP (channel 27) in Key West. Syndicated programming on WTVJ currently includes Access (plus its live counterpart), Steve, Extra, and The Ellen DeGeneres Show among others. The earlier three are distributed by NBCUniversal Television Distribution. WTVJ was also responsible for the production of the national lifestyle program iVillage Live, originally distributed exclusively to NBC owned-and-operated stations (with some NBC affiliates adding the show in its second season) from its debut in 2006; the production was moved to Chicago through their sister station WMAQ-TV in 2007 until its cancellation on March 28, 2008. Since September 2016, WTVJ, along with five other NBC-owned stations (including WNBC in New York, KNBC in Los Angeles, KNTV in San Francisco, WVIT in Hartford and WCAU in Philadelphia, which was also a former CBS affiliate) currently distributes programming either nationally and/or regionally. Sports programming In 1989, WTVJ became the primary home station for the NFL's Miami Dolphins (via NBC's rights at the time to air AFC games), succeeding WSVN in this capacity. This continued until 1997, when WFOR-TV gained the rights to most games thanks to CBS' acquisition of the AFC broadcast package. The station now airs Dolphins games when they appear on NBC's Sunday Night Football. Additionally, any Florida Panthers games are aired on the station through NBC's broadcast contract with the NHL. News operation WTVJ presently broadcasts 35 hours, 55 minutes of locally produced newscasts each week (with 6 hours, 5 minutes each weekday; three hours on Saturdays and 2½ hours on Sundays). During weather segments, WTVJ uses two Doppler weather radar systems, "TITAN" and "VIPIR". The VIPIR Radar is branded on-air as "Live First Alert Doppler." Soon after WTVJ signed on, the station hired Ralph Renick, who had just graduated from the University of Miami, as its first anchor and news director. Renick would serve as the face of WTVJ for nearly 36 years and became best known for his catchphrase at the end of every newscast, "Good night, and may the good news be yours." At the same time, the station also hired Bernie Rosen and Bob Weaver. One of the nation's first ever television news meteorologists, Weaver reported weather for the station for more than five decades. Rosen, who went on to run the station's award-winning sports department for more than three decades, is the only remaining original employee still working at the station, and is currently in his 69th consecutive year at WTVJ. On February 6, 2008, Rosen was presented with the prestigious Golden Circle Award from the National Academy of Television Arts and Sciences, honoring Rosen for his more than 50 years of service to the South Florida television community. While many of South Florida's veteran television personalities have received the Silver Circle Award for marking 25 years in the business, the Golden Circle Award has been given only once before in South Florida, in 2004 when it went to Bob Weaver, also a lifelong WTVJ employee. During the early 1990s, WTVJ tried several different formats to accompany or add to their existing newscasts; these included a news/lifestyle hybrid show called South Florida at 4:30, anchored by Ana Azcuy and Ed O'Dell; a 5:30 newscast with separate anchors (Teresa Rodriguez and Steve Abrams) at both the main studio and a Fort Lauderdale studio for news coverage from that part of the area; and an hour long 5:00 show called 4 News Now anchored by Tony Segreto that was focused on breaking news and long-form stories; 4 News Now was the longest-lived of these efforts, lasting until the spring of 1994 when the 5:00 hour was reverted to a normal newscast and a half-hour 4:30 broadcast was added. In August 1992, when Hurricane Andrew struck South Florida, WTVJ was the only station to provide non-stop coverage of the storm with the assistance of meteorologist Bryan Norcross; WTVJ's coverage of the hurricane earned the station several local Emmy Awards in 1993. Most of WTVJ's archival footage from 1949 to 2004 (as well as footage from other Florida television stations) is stored at the Lynn and Louis Wolfson II Florida Moving Image Archives in downtown Miami. In 1997, WTVJ and the South Florida Sun-Sentinel began co-producing a nightly 10 p.m. newscast on then-WB affiliate WDZL. The program was broadcast from a secondary set at WTVJ's studio facility. The program ended its run after eleven years on August 31, 2008, as the now-WSFL's owner Tribune Broadcasting opted not to renew its news share agreement with the station. On September 10, 2007, WTVJ debuted the first 7 p.m. newscast in the market (airing only on weeknights), a format that NBC extended to several of its other owned-and-operated stations including WNBC in New York and KNSD in San Diego. At the same time, WTVJ dropped its 5 p.m. newscast, opting to fill the timeslot with The Ellen DeGeneres Show instead (this lasted until May 2011, when the station reinstated the 5 p.m. newscast, while concurrently canceling the 7 p.m. program). On March 5, 2008, WTVJ became the first television station in the Miami–Fort Lauderdale market and the fourth station in South Florida to begin broadcasting its local newscasts in high definition. On October 1, 2011, WTVJ debuted weekend morning newscasts, airing from 6-7 and 9-10 a.m. on Saturdays and Sundays, restoring newscasts in that daypart after its previous weekend morning newscasts were cancelled in the late 2000s as part of the NBCU 2.0 budget cuts.[24] On May 14, 2012, WTVJ debuted a half-hour midday newscast at 11:00 a.m.; it also launched a new entertainment and lifestyle program called NBC 6 in the Mix that follows the newscast, which is similar in format to sister station WSCV's Acceso Total, which airs in the same timeslot; both programs replaced an hour-long local talk/lifestyle program called Live Miami at 11 a.m. On July 18, 2012, WTVJ debuted a brand new set designed by Clickspring Design, and the new "Look F" graphics package designed by NBC ArtWorks that is used by the other NBC-owned stations. Additionally, WTVJ dropped most references to Miami in its branding, rebranding itself "NBC 6 South Florida".[25] On June 13, 2016, WTVJ debuted its 4:00 P.M. newscast, becoming the third station in Miami-Fort Lauderdale to do so, which competes against WPLG, who began airing its 4:00 p.m. newscast in January 2014 and WSVN, who began airing a 4pm newscast in September 2006.[26] In addition, WTVJ began using "Look N" graphics designed by NBC ArtWorks that is used by the other NBC-owned stations. The station also dropped the South Florida name, and rebranding it as NBC 6 once again. Notable current on-air staff Jackie Nespral – anchor John Morales (AMS Certified Broadcast Meteorologist/Certified Consulting Meteorologist and NWA Seals of Approval) – chief meteorologist Notable former on-air staff David Bloom – 1991–1993; later at NBC News; deceased Joel Connable – reporter 2005–2009; former president of Travel TV News Inc.; now deceased Kevin Corke – anchor/reporter (2009–2011; now at Fox News) Katie Couric – 1984–1986; later co-anchor of NBC's Today, anchored CBS Evening News from 2006–2011, host of a self-named syndicated talk show from 2012–2014, and now a global news anchor for Yahoo News and ABC News Paul Deanno – chief meteorologist 2003–2009; now chief meteorologist at KPIX-TV in San Francisco Jose Diaz-Balart – anchor (early 1990s; anchor at Telemundo; now at MSNBC) John Hambrick – anchor/reporter 1985–1990; later went to rival WCIX; now deceased Larry King – later at CNN as host of Larry King Live, now host of Larry King Now on Ora.TV Frank Mottek - Anchor/Reporter, late 80's, early 90's. Now business news anchor at CBS Los Angeles Chris Myers – 1980–1982; now a Fox Sports sportscaster Bryan Norcross – meteorologist; 1990–1996; moved to WFOR-TV and CBS News; was a hurricane specialist for The Weather Channel; now with WPLG Nancy Humphries (O'Dell) – anchor/reporter from 1993–1995; co-host of Access Hollywood until 2009, now co-host of Entertainment Tonight Micah Ohlman – Anchor/Reporter; later at KABC-TV, now anchor at KTLA-TV Jerry Penacoli – host of PM Magazine (now correspondent for the syndicated news-magazine Extra) Lonnie Quinn – meteorologist; now weekday meteorologist at WCBS-TV in New York City and former weather anchor for CBS This Morning Saturday Ralph Renick – anchor (1949–1985; later with WCIX from 1987–1990; died July 11, 1991) Joe Rose Rick Sanchez – 2003–2006; later at CNN; now with Fox News Latino, WJAN-CD, and contributor at Fox News Channel Kerry Sanders – reporter; now at NBC News Charlie Van Dyke – now a radio and television announcer, WTVJ served as one of his television station clients from 1985 to 1988, and again from 2005 to 2016. Bob Weaver – meteorologist; now deceased Chuck Zink - host of Skipper Chuck from 1957–1979; deceased ^ "Require Prime Evening Time for NTA Films". Boxoffice: 13. November 10, 1956. ^ Lorimar Buying WTVJ, 6 Other Stations, South Florida Sun-Sentinel, May 22, 1986. ^ a b c d Interview with Alan Perris at Archive of American Television ^ Channel 4 Purchase Called Off, South Florida Sun-Sentinel, October 23, 1986. ^ NBC To Buy Miami's Channel 4, South Florida Sun-Sentinel, January 17, 1987. ^ "THE MEDIA BUSINESS; CBS to Buy TV Station In Miami". The New York Times. August 9, 1988. ^ WTVJ Does Worry, South Florida Sun-Sentinel, September 28, 1993. ^ Carter, Bill (July 15, 1994). "CBS to Add Three Affiliates in Deal With Westinghouse". The New York Times. Retrieved July 12, 2012. ^ Hofmeister, Sallie (August 2, 1995). "CBS Agrees to Buyout Bid by Westinghouse : Entertainment: $5.4-billion merger would create biggest TV, radio empire. But the deal faces obstacles". Los Angeles Times. Retrieved June 22, 2012. ^ CBS, NBC Changing Channels, South Florida Sun-Sentinel, November 22, 1994. ^ WTVJ Moving Headquarters To Miramar, South Florida Sun-Sentinel, July 31, 1998. ^ Harry A Jessell. "NBC Nets $205 Million for WTVJ Miami". tvnewsday.com. ^ "Miami News, Local News, Politics, Tech, and Breaking News". NBC 6 South Florida. ^ "Sale Of WTVJ To The Washington Post Company Terminated". NBC6.net. December 23, 2008. Retrieved December 24, 2008. ^ Harry A. Jessell (January 9, 2017). "10 Stations Warned For Disclosure Infractions". TVNewsCheck. TVNewsCheck LLC. Retrieved January 9, 2017. ^ "RabbitEars.Info". rabbitears.info. ^ Munzenrieder, Kyle (October 22, 2010). "NBC 6 To Launch 24/7 Local News Channel". Miami New Times. Retrieved 22 July 2012. ^ NBC Miami: Nonstop News at 9p. YouTube. 19 May 2011. ^ "DTV Tentative Channel Designations for the First and the Second Rounds" (PDF). Archived from the original (PDF) on 2013-08-29. Retrieved 2012-03-24. ^ "UPDATED List of Participants in the Analog Nightlight Program" (PDF). Federal Communications Commission. June 12, 2009. Retrieved June 4, 2012. ^ WTVJ's Last Analog Broadcast - June 26, 2009 - part two. YouTube. 29 June 2009. ^ Tobey, Margaret L. (April 5, 2011). "Re: W58BU Hallandale, Florida (FIN 63151)…". CDBS Public Access. Federal Communications Commission. Retrieved June 7, 2011. ^ NBC Miami Adds 4 Hours of Weekend News, TVNewsCheck, September 29, 2011. ^ "NBC South Florida debuts new set, graphics, brand". NewscastStudio. Retrieved 19 July 2012. ^ "4 NBC Stations to Launch Afternoon Newscast". January 4, 2016. Query the FCC's TV station database for WTVJ BIAfn's Media Web Database -- Information on WTVJ-TV Amara Walker Amara Sohn-Walker ( ; née Sohn) is an American journalist and news anchor. She currently anchors CNN International's CNN Today with colleague Michael Holmes. Jackie Nespral Jackie Nespral (born April 21, 1966) is an American television anchor for WTVJ, the NBC owned and operated station in Miami. Kerry Sanders Kerry Sanders (born October 19, 1960) is an American journalist. He is a correspondent for NBC News. He worked as a general news reporter for a number of Florida television stations including: WTLV in Jacksonville, Fl (where he worked as a paid intern), WINK in Ft. Myers, WTVT, the CBS and later Fox affiliate in Tampa and WTVJ (NBC) in Miami. He is a 1982 graduate of the University of South Florida, from which he received his bachelor's degree and later a Distinguished Alumni Award. In 1996, he became a correspondent for NBC News, based in the network's Miami bureau. He was immediately thrust into a major story, when the ValuJet crash occurred in the Everglades just days after he began with NBC. He is a general assignment reporter and may be seen at news events throughout the world. He is regularly seen on NBC Nightly News, the Today show, MSNBC, and Dateline NBC. Kevin Corke Kevin Corke is an American journalist and is presently a White House Correspondent for Fox News Channel in Washington D.C. Corke was a national news correspondent based in Washington D.C. for NBC News from 2004-2008. Most of his work there involved coverage of the Bush Administration as a member of the White House Press Corps. Additionally, Corke frequently reported from The Pentagon, U.S. Supreme Court and other locations in Washington D.C. Corke also figured prominently in NBC's coverage of the Virginia Tech shooting.Previously, Corke was a news anchor at WTVJ-TV NBC in Miami. Corke also has been frequently seen as a play-by-play sports broadcaster for ESPN. Corke was an anchor and coordinating producer at ESPN in Bristol, CT. While there, he could be seen anchoring SportsCenter, the network's flagship program. Corke was also a sportscaster at 9News KUSA in Denver. Corke covered the Olympic Games in Atlanta and Torino, the latter while a correspondent at NBC News.Corke is a graduate of Harvard University where he earned a Master's degree and received the Littauer Fellow citation for academic excellence, leadership and commitment to work in the public interest. He graduated from the University of Colorado Boulder where he earned Master's and Bachelor's degrees in Journalism.Kevin Corke has won numerous journalism awards, among them national and regional Emmys. Corke is a Life Member of Kappa Alpha Psi fraternity. List of Miami Dolphins broadcasters The Miami Dolphins' flagship radio station is AM 560 WQAM. WQAM has previously carried Dolphins broadcasts during the 1997-04, and 2007-09 NFL Seasons. The radio broadcast team features Jimmy Cefalo providing play-by-play commentary and Joe Rose providing color commentary during preseason games, along with Griese for regular season games. Griese replaced longtime color commentator Jim Mandich, who played for the Dolphins under Don Shula. Mandich lost his fight with cancer in 2011, opening the door for Griese as his replacement. The Miami Dolphins Radio Network is a statewide network of radio stations in Florida. Most preseason games are seen on WFOR (CBS) in Miami/Fort Lauderdale, WTVX (CW) in West Palm Beach/Fort Pierce, and WBBH (NBC) in Fort Myers with announcers Dick Stockton, Bob Griese, and Nat Moore. ESPN reporter Hank Goldberg was a longtime color analyst on the Miami Dolphins Radio Network and hosted the Orange Bowl Express/Dolphin Express pre-game show on 610 WIOD. Manolo de Jesus Reyes Xiques J.D. (July 29, 1924 – January 3, 2008) was a Cuban-American Spanish-language television news broadcaster in Miami, Florida. Reyes became a television news pioneer in the 1960s when he began one of South Florida's first Spanish-language newscasters. His first 15-minute news show, News En Español, debuted on WTVJ on August 28, 1960 at 6:45 AM, at a time when Spanish-language broadcasts were rare in the Miami metropolitan area. His original broadcasts were aimed at making news accessible to the growing Spanish-speaking, Miami-based Cuban exile community. NBC Owned Television Stations (formerly NBC Local Media & NBC Television Stations Division (TVSD)) is the division of NBCUniversal Owned TV Stations (NBCUniversal), a subsidiary of Comcast that oversees their owned-and-operated television stations, Cozi TV network, LXTV and Skycastle Entertainment, its in-house marketing and promotion company. Paul Deanno Paul Deanno is the Chief Meteorologist for KPIX-TV in San Francisco, CA. Previously, Paul worked as the Chief Meteorologist for WTVJ-TV (NBC6) in Miami, FL, and also worked as a meteorologist at KOMO-TV in Seattle, KYW-TV in Philadelphia, KENS in San Antonio, KREM (TV) in Spokane, and KDRV in Medford. Ralph Renick Ralph Apperson Renick (August 9, 1928 – July 11, 1991) was a pioneer American television journalist for Miami's WTVJ, channel 4 (now channel 6), Florida's first television station. He was WTVJ's first and longest running news anchor and the driving force behind television news in South Florida from the station's inception in March 1949 until his departure nearly 36 years later in 1985. Sunbeam Television Sunbeam Television Corporation is a privately held broadcasting company based in Miami, Florida that owns three television stations in the United States. WFOR-TV WFOR-TV, virtual channel 4 (UHF digital channel 22), is a CBS owned-and-operated television station licensed to Miami, Florida, United States and also serving Fort Lauderdale. The station is owned by the CBS Television Stations subsidiary of CBS Corporation, as part of a duopoly with MyNetworkTV affiliate WBFS-TV (channel 33). The two stations share studios on Northwest 18th Terrace in Doral, near the Miami International Airport; WFOR-TV's transmitter is located in Andover, Florida. WIOD WIOD (610 AM) is a talk radio-formatted radio station in Miami, Florida, owned by iHeartMedia. Its studios are located at the iHeart Broadcasting Complex in Miramar and the transmitter site is in North Bay Village next to studios and offices of FOX Television affiliate WSVN. Most of WIOD's weekday schedule is made up of nationally syndicated talk programs, including Rush Limbaugh, Sean Hannity, Glenn Beck and George Noory. A weekday morning news-talk program is hosted by Jimmy Cefalo. Experimental broadcasts began in the spring of 1925 by Carl Graham Fisher, a Miami Beach developer. The station made its formal debut on the South Florida airwaves on January 19, 1926. Carl Fisher selected WIOD as the call letters signifying the "Wonderful Isle of Dreams" to commemorate Collins Island, on which the station was situated. WIOD is Florida's seventh oldest continuously licensed broadcast radio station. From 1959 to 1962, the call letters were changed to WCKR (for Cox-Knight Broadcasting, who also owned television station WCKT, now WSVN). Branded Wacker Radio, it broadcast a middle-of-the-road format, but offered a Top 40 program at night, featuring Rick Shaw. It also carried NBC Radio's "Monitor" program on weekends. To accommodate WCKT, a new addition housing television studios was built on Broadcast Key in North Bay Village, Florida. On June 16, 1981 WIOD began operating with 10,000 watts day and night to overcome interference caused by a station in Cuba. This special temporary authority, granted by the U.S. Federal Communications Commission (FCC), has been renewed on a regular basis since then. On April 6, 2017 WIOD filed an application for a Federal Communications Commission construction permit to move to a new transmitter site, increase day power to 50,000 watts and increase night power to 20,000 watts. It was accepted for filing the following day.WIOD has been a frequent winner in annual Florida Associated Press statewide competitions. WIOD may be best known for its continuous hurricane coverage, particularly Andrew, Katrina and Wilma. Despite the station's class B status, it has strong daytime and nighttime signals. WIOD is an affiliate of the Fox News Radio network. It also is affiliated with AccuWeather and has a news and weather content sharing relationship with WTVJ-TV. WIOD was the radio flagship of the 2006 NBA champions Miami Heat from 1996 until 2008. From 1966 until 2001, it was the radio flagship of the Miami Dolphins, the longest partnership between a Miami sports team and a radio flagship station. It also was the Florida Panthers' original flagship station from 1993 until 2003. Currently, WIOD is the official broadcast emergency station for the Broward County Commission. From April 2010 to March 2014, WIOD had launched a simulcast on FM translator W262AN 100.3 MHz. It also broadcasts on WBGG-FM 105.9 HD2. WKIS WKIS (99.9 MHz) is a commercial FM radio station licensed to Boca Raton, Florida, and serving South Florida, including the Miami-Fort Lauderdale radio market. It is owned by Entercom and airs a country music radio format. The studios and offices are on NW 2nd Avenue (U.S. Route 441) in Miami. The transmitter tower is off NW 210 Street in Miami Gardens, shared with WTVJ Channel 6.WKIS broadcasts in the HD Radio format. Its HD2 subchannel carries the sports radio programming of co-owned AM 560 WQAM. WPLG WPLG, virtual and VHF digital channel 10, is an ABC-affiliated television station licensed to Miami, Florida, United States and also serving Fort Lauderdale. Owned by the BH Media subsidiary of Berkshire Hathaway as its sole broadcast property, WPLG maintains studios on West Hallandale Beach Boulevard (SR 858) in Pembroke Park, and its transmitter is located in Miami Gardens. WSCV, virtual channel 51 (UHF digital channel 30), is a Telemundo owned-and-operated television station serving Miami, Florida, United States that is licensed to Fort Lauderdale. It is one of two East Coast flagship stations of the Spanish-language network (the other being WNJU in the New York City market). WSCV is owned by the NBC Owned Television Stations subsidiary of NBCUniversal (itself a subsidiary of Comcast), as part of a duopoly with Miami-licensed NBC owned-and-operated station WTVJ (channel 6). The two stations share studios on Southwest 27th Street (off I-75) in Miramar; WSCV's transmitter is located near Hard Rock Stadium in north Miami-Dade County. WSCV is one of two commercial television stations with a city of license in Broward County (the other being UniMás flagship WAMI-DT, channel 69, licensed to Hollywood). The station also serves as the de facto Telemundo outlet for the West Palm Beach market. WSFL-TV WSFL-TV, virtual channel 39 (UHF digital channel 27), is a CW-affiliated television station licensed to Miami, Florida, United States and also serving Fort Lauderdale. The station is owned by the Tribune Broadcasting subsidiary of the Tribune Media Company. WSFL-TV's studios are located on East Las Olas Boulevard and Southeast 2nd Street in Fort Lauderdale (in a building shared with the formerly co-owned Sun-Sentinel newspaper); its transmitter is located between Northwest 210th and 207th Streets in Andover. On cable, the station is carried on Comcast Xfinity channels 11 (standard definition) and 435 (high definition). WSVN WSVN, virtual channel 7 (VHF digital channel 9), is a Fox-affiliated television station licensed to Miami, Florida, United States and also serving Fort Lauderdale. It is the flagship station of locally owned Sunbeam Television. WSVN's studios are located on 79th Street Causeway (SR 934) in North Bay Village (though with a Miami postal address), and its transmitter is located in north Miami-Dade County. WTJV WTJV (1490 AM) is a radio station licensed to DeLand, Florida and serving the Daytona Beach area. WTVJ is a simulcast of WSBB 1230 AM in New Smyrna Beach and is owned by J & V Communications, Inc. Wometco Home Theater The Wometco Home Theater (WHT) was an early pay television service in the New York City area, that was owned by Miami-based Wometco Enterprises, which owned several major network affiliates in mid-sized media markets and its flagship WTVJ in Miami (then a CBS affiliate on channel 4, now an NBC owned-and-operated station on channel 6). The signals were broadcast beginning in August 1977 on WWHT-TV (channel 68) and later on WSNL-TV (channel 67) out of Smithtown, New York. Television in South Florida and the Keys, including Miami–Dade, Fort Lauderdale and Key West Reception may vary by location and some stations may only be viewable with cable television Network O&Os are in bold English-language WFOR (4.1 CBS, 4.2 Start TV) WTVJ (6.1 NBC, 6.2 Cozi) WSVN (7.1 Fox, 7.2 Light) WPLG (10.1 ABC, 10.2 MeTV, 10.3 H&I) WTXI-LD (11.3 Hype TV, 11.4 UTV, 11.5 VideoMix) W16CC-D (16.2 SBN, 16.3 HSN, 16.4 Peace TV, 16.5 QVC OTA, 16.6 Punch TV) WDFL-LD (18.2 WHBN, 18.5 Launch TV) WLTV-DT (23.2 Justice, 23.3 Escape, 23.4 Laff) WBFS (33.1 MNTV, 33.2 Movies!, 33.3 Charge!, 33.4 TBD) WPXM-TV (35.1 Ion, 35.2 qubo, 35.3 Ion Life, 35.4 Ion Shop, 35.5 QVC OTA, 35.6 HSN) WSFL-TV (39.1 The CW, 39.2 Comet TV, 39.3 Antenna TV, 39.4 This) WHFT (45.1 TBN, 45.2 Hillsong, 45.3 JUCE/Smile) WAMI (69.2 Bounce TV, 69.3 GetTV, 69.4 Grit, 69.5 Quest) WSBS-TV & WSBS-CD (3.1 Mega (Key West)) WEYS-LP 6 (Alma.) WGEN-TV & WVFW-LD (8.1 (Key West) & 34.1 Estrella TV) WTXI-LD (11.1 TLR, 11.2 Infomercials) W16CC-D (16.1 Cubana) WDFL-LD (18.1 Mira TV, 18.3 Telecandela, 18.4 RBC Televisión) WSBS-TV (22.1 Mega) WLTV (23.1 Uni.) WDGT-LD (24.1 CTN Int'l) WBEH-CD (38.1 Azteca) WJAN-CD (41.1 ind., 41.2 WFUN-LD) W43CB-D (43.1 relg.) WHFT (45.4 Enlace, 45.5 Salsa) WFUN-LD (48.1 ind., 48.2 WJAN-CD) WSCV (51.1 Telemundo) WLMF-LD 53.1 (LATV) WAMI (69.1 UniMás) Minor Key West stations WEYW-LP (19.1 Action) WCAY-CD (36.1 tourist) WMDF-LD 41 (silent) WKWT-LP 42 (silent) Public television WPBT (2.1 PBS, 2.2 Create, 2.3 FL Channel/World, 2.4 PBS Kids) WLRN (17.1 PBS) WURH-CD (25.1 Elementos) WBEC-TV (63.1 ind./educ.) Adjacent locals WPTV-TV (5.1 NBC, 5.2 MeTV, 5.3 Laff, 5.4 Escape) WHDT (9.1 Ind.) WPEC (12.1 CBS, 12.2 WeatherNation TV, 12.3 Comet) WPBF-TV (25.1 ABC, 25.2 Estrella TV, 25.3 Justice) WFLX (29.1 Fox, 29.2 Bounce TV, 29.3 Grit) WXEL (42.1 PBS) Local cable channels Fox Sports Sun Telemiami Florida broadcast television areas by city Tampa/St. Petersburg Bahamas TV Bermuda TV Television in Cuba NBC Network Affiliates in the state of Florida WESH 2 (Daytona Beach-Orlando) WPTV 5 (West Palm Beach) WTVJ 6 (Miami) WJHG 7 (Panama City) WFLA 8 (Tampa) WNBW 9.1 (Gainesville) WTLV 12 (Jacksonville) WBBH 20 (Fort Myers) WTWC 40 (Tallahassee) MyNetworkTV Other stations in Florida Robert Greenblatt Bonnie Hammer Ted Harbert Ronald Meyer Universal Parks & Resorts Universal's Islands of Adventure Universal Beijing Resort NBCU Film and Universal Filmed Entertainment Group Amblin Partners* Carnival Films DreamWorks Classics Big Idea Entertainment Bullwinkle Studios* Harvey Entertainment DreamWorks Channel Fandango (70%) Gramercy Pictures Illumination Mac Guff NBCUniversal Entertainment Japan United International Pictures* Working Title Films NBCU Telemundo Puerto Rico Studios Telemundo TV Studios Telemundo Deportesw/NBC Sports Group NBC Entertainment DreamWorks Animation Television Stamford Media Center Broadcast, Cable, Sports and News NBCUniversal Television Distribution NBCU Owned O&Os NBC Owned KNSD KXAS-TV WBTS-LD / WYCN-CD WMAQ-TV WRC-TV WVIT Other properties: K15CU-D LXTV New England Cable News Station Group KBLR KDEN-TV KEJT-LP KHRR KNSO * KSTS KTAZ KTDO KTLM KTMD KUAN-LD KVDA KXTX-TV WKAQ-TV WNEU WNJU WRDM-CD / WDMR-LP WRIW-CD WRMD-CD WRTD-CD WSNS-TV WTMO-CD WWSI WWDT-CD WZTD-LD WZDC-CD Other properties: NBCU Cable Lifestyle Group Universal Kids NBC Sports Ventures NBC Sports Digital NBCSN part owner Bay Area (45%) Chicago (20%) SNY (8%) CNBC global channels Africa (licensee) CNBC Europe branches Class CNBC (20%) Arabiya CNBC-e CNBC Asia branches CNBC-TV18 CNBC Awaaz Nikkei CNBC Direct-to-Consumer and Digital Bluprint (major stake) Hulu* 13th Street Universal Bravo New Zealand Euronews* Syfy (TV channel) Poland & Balkans Style Network (Australia) Other assets: EMKA, Ltd. International Media Distribution Matchbox Pictures PictureBox Films Former/Defunct and predecessors: Castle Films Chapman Entertainment CIC Video Cloo Comcast Network Diva Universal (Italy) Good Machine Hallmark Channel (international) Harvey Films/Harvey Comics ITC Entertainment Interscope Communications Kitty Films Miss Universe* Multimedia Entertainment MCA Inc. NBC Weather Plus October Films Pacific Data Images PolyGram Filmed Entertainment Propaganda Films Seagram Company Ltd. Seeso Syfy (Dutch TV channel) Syfy Universal (Russia) Total Television United Productions of America Universal Channel (Asia) Universal Channel (Greece) Universal Channel (Japan) Universal HD Universal Channel (Poland) Universal TV (Turkey) ZGS Communications * Denotes joint ventures Owned-and-operated stations of the major television networks of the United States Disney–ABC ABC/Live Well (8): KFSN WPVI WTVD CBS Corp. CBS/Decades (14): KDKA KTVT KYW WBBM WBZ WCBS WCCO WFOR WJZ WWJ The CW (w/WB) (8): KSTW WKBD WPCW WPSG WTOG WUPA Fox (17): KDFW KMSP KRIV KSAZ KTBC WFLD WJBK WJZY WNYW WOFL/WOGX WTTG WTVT WTXF MyNet (10): KDFI KTXH KUTP WDCA WFTC WMYT WPWR3 WRBW WWOR NBCU NBC/Cozi (11): KXAS WBTS/WYCN WMAQ WKAQ-DT3 WVIT Telemundo/TeleXitos (25): KDEN KNSO2 KXTX WKAQ WRDM-CD/WDMR-LD WSNS WZDC-CD Univision (22): KABE-CD KAKW KCEC1 KFTV KLUZ1 KTVW KUTH KUVE-DT KUVN KWEX KXLN WFDC1 WGBO WLII/WSUR WQHS WUNI1 WUVC WUVG WUVP WVEA1 WVEN1 WXTV UniMás (22): KFPH KTFF-DT KFTH KFTU KSTR WFPA-CD WFTY WFUT WTNC WXFT Univision owns the licenses to these stations but the stations themselves are operated by Entravision Communications under LMA. NBC Universal owns the license but the station is operated by Serestar Communications. Secondary affiliation; The CW is the station's primary affiliation.	cc/2019-30/en_head_0021.json.gz/line12619
__label__wiki	0.64909	0.64909	Promise Keepers: The Religious Right’s Trojan Horse Although Promise Keepers claims to be just a men’s support group having no ulterior political motives, people who are worried about the group’s true intentions include more than activists on the left. Many others have expressed concerns that the organization is a Trojan horse for the Religious Right. The coalition “Equal Partners in Faith” consists of Protestant, Catholic, and Jewish clergy. Based in the Lafayette Avenue Presbyterian Church in Brooklyn, New York, the coalition has blasted Promise Keepers. It says this “support group” does the following: promotes women’s inequality in the family, church, and society opposes the dignity and worth of homosexuals talks about racial reconciliation without endorsing any agenda for ending institutional racism in education, housing, and employment; and has close ties to the Religious Right. Moreover, the U.S. Catholic Bishops’ Committee on Marriage and the Family spoke out against Promise Keepers in 1996. The bishops accused the movement of lacking “theological clarity about the balance of power between husbands and wives,” and as teaching “prejudice and discrimination against homosexuals.” Promise Keepers has also been denounced by the National Coalition Against Domestic Violence. This coalition represents over 1,300 battered women’s groups, as well as state sexual assault and domestic violence associations. It says Promise Keepers’ support for “men regaining ‘rightful’ control of the family” may subvert “years of hard work to change outdated laws and social attitudes.” Concerns about a strong link between Promise Keepers and the Religious Right are well-founded. Promise Keepers has a fundamentalist theology based on the supposed inerrancy of the Bible. Its big financial backers have included such Religious Right kingpins as Christian Coalition founder Pat Robertson, the Family Research Council’s Gary Bauer, Focus on the Family’s James Dobson, and media mogul Stephen Strang. The founder of Promise Keepers is former University of Colorado head football coach Bill McCartney. He has used militaristic rhetoric indicating the group has the same belligerence and political designs as the Religious Right. In a 1995 Promise Keepers video, McCartney said: “Many of you feel like you have been in a war for a long time, yet the fiercest fighting is just ahead. God has brought us here to prepare us. Let’s proceed. It’s wartime.” Clearly, the group’s goals include more that just providing support to members. McCartney revealed the purpose of his “war” when he told thousands of pastors gathered in Atlanta: “Whoever stands with the Messiah will rule with him. Let’s take this nation for Jesus!” An example of McCartney’s idea of a Christian nation was seen when he called homosexuality “an abomination against Almighty God” and endorsed Colorado’s infamous Amendment 2. The Amendment tried to eliminate laws protecting civil rights of gays and lesbians. It was too much for even a conservative U.S. Supreme Court to stomach, and therefore was held unconstitutional. The prospects for women’s rights also wouldn’t be bright in a world governed by Promise Keepers. According to John Swomley, a scholar who has extensively studied the group, they ask men “to make or keep women submissive in the family, the church and elsewhere.” And he states that at Promise Keepers rallies throughout the country, “Their speakers oppose what they call the ‘feminization’ of the church.” Also in regard to women’s rights, McCartney has long been active in the anti-abortion movement. In fact, opposition to feminism seems to be an integral tactic of Promise Keepers. The Center for Democracy Studies says the group’s leaders “understand that they can never achieve their goal of creating a theocratic, male supremacist society unless they reverse the legal and social gains made by women.” Promise Keepers is revealed by its theology, leading supporters, tactics, goals, and prejudices to be a thinly veiled branch of the Religious Right. People on all points along the political spectrum are justified in viewing the group as a threat to the basic rights and liberties of millions of Americans. PreviousSome Reasons Why Humanists Reject the Bible NextScience Classes Should Not Teach Creationism	cc/2019-30/en_head_0021.json.gz/line12622
__label__cc	0.618191	0.381809	BCA 13.45 - Application for Withdrawal and Final Report Instructions for completing the Foreign Corporation's application for Withdrawal from the State of Illinois Why should I withdraw instead of letting my company go by not filing my annual report? What are the consequences of not formally winding up my company with the State? Will the withdrawal cancel my registered agent responsibility? What if I want to withdraw and did not file my annual report? BCA 13.45 Application for withdrawal and final report Background: Withdrawing your entity effectively cancels your authority to do business in Illinois. It releases you from further accrual of franchise tax and penalties, and relives your company from the statutory requirement of maintaining a registered agent in Illinois. The Application of Withdrawal when accepted by the State puts the world on notice that any correspondence or service of process should be directed to the State of Illinois on behalf of the corporation. Withdrawals will only be accepted when the Corporation is in good standing in Illinois. If you failed to file the annual report in a timely manner, the State will reject your filings. In the event your company is not in good standing, you will need to file the appropriate documents, and pay the appropriate fees required to bring the corporation back into good standing and then the corporation can withdraw from the State. Numbered items in the article below correspond to the numbered questions on the form. Unless indicated as optional, all questions must be completed. 1. Corporation's legal name with designation (Inc., corp., Ltd, incorporated) 2. List the State of original incorporation. 3. Insert the mailing address for the Corporation where service of process can be served by the State of Illinois. 4. This is an attestation (fact) that no portion of the corporations issued shares are represented by business transacted or property located in Illinois. 5. This is an attestation (fact) that the corporation surrenders its authority to do business in Illinois. 6. This is an attestation (fact) that the corporation revokes the authority of its registered agent in Illinois to accept service of process and state correspondence, and, that the corporation allows the State of Illinois to deliver Service of process to the Corporation for any action against the Corporation during the time of its existence in the State of Illinois. 7. (a) if the issued shares are the same as when you qualified to do business in Illinois, you can mark this field with N/A. If the issued shares have changed and were not reported on form BCA 14.30 (cumulative report of changes in issued shares), include the date of the issuance or contribution, the class (if any) the par value per share, the number of issued shares and the consideration received. If there was an increase in paid in capital, franchise tax must be paid from the date of issuance of those shares prior to the withdrawal to be accepted. 7. (B) If there was a cancellation of shares that were not previously reported on BCA 14.30 form, list the date of cancellation, the class (if any), and the number of shares canceled and the cost associated with the cancellation. If the shares have not changed from the date of authority, place N/A in this field. 8. List the issued shares at the date of execution of this document, including Class (common/preferred), Series (if any), Par Value and number of shares issued. 9. List the paid in capital at the time of execution of this document. If unsure where to find this, review the application for authority submitted when you qualified to do business in Illinois, or it can be found on Schedule L of the most recently executed 1120 form. 10. This form must be signed by an authorized officer, with printed name and title below and the date of the execution of this document. Form and payment of $25.00 can be mailed to the Secretary of State, Department of Business Services, 501 S. Second Street. Room 350, Springfield, IL 62756	cc/2019-30/en_head_0021.json.gz/line12623
__label__wiki	0.843105	0.843105	Indusind Bank Ltd (INBK.BO) INBK.BO on Bombay Stock Exchange 1,471.10INR 3:29pm IST Rs-29.60 (-1.97%) Rs1,500.70 Ramaswamy Seshasayee 70 2007 Part-Time Non-Executive Chairman of the Board Romesh Sobti 68 2008 Chief Executive Officer, Managing Director, Whole Time Director S. Zaregaonkar Ramaswamy Meyyappan Chief Risk Officer Haresh Gajwani 2006 Company Secretary Rajiv Agarwal 2019 Additional Director Shanker Annaswamy 2017 Non-Executive Independent Director Siraj Chaudhry 52 2019 Additional Non-Executive Independent Director Kanchan Chitale 2011 Independent Non-Executive Director Akila Krishnakumar T. T. Ram Mohan 62 2006 Non-Executive Independent Director T. Anantha Narayanan Raghunath Poojary IR Contact Officer Mr. Ramaswamy Seshasayee is an Part-Time Non-Executive Chairman of the Board of Indusind Bank Limited. He is a Chartered Accountant, is presently Non-executive Chairman on the Board of Infosys Ltd. He had been Non-Executive Vice Chairman of Ashok Leyland Ltd., since 2011, after having been the Managing Director for 13 years. He had held Directorship of ICICI Bank Ltd. from May 6, 1997 to October 31, 2003. Mr. Seshasayee has also been President of the Confederation of Indian Industry and of the President of the Society of Indian Automobile Industries. Mr. Seshasayee has been Part-time Chairman of IndusInd Bank since July 24, 2007. Mr. Romesh Sobti is an Chief Executive Officer, Managing Director, Whole Time Director of Indusind Bank Limited. He has joined the Bank as Managing Director & CEO, taking charge from Mr. Bhaskar Ghose. Prior to this assignment, Mr. Sobti was the Executive Vice President – Country Executive, India and Head, UAE and Sub-Continent, at ABN AMRO Bank N.V. He joined ABN AMRO in November 1990 and graduated from the position of a Chief Manager to the Country Executive over a period of 18 years. In his banking career spanning 33 years, Mr. Sobti has been associated with ANZ Grindlays Bank Plc (now Standard Chartered Bank) and State Bank of India in the past. He holds a Bachelors Degree (Honours) in Electrical Engineering and has also done his diploma in Corporate Laws and Practice and Secretarial Practice. Mr. S. V. Zaregaonkar is an Chief Financial Officer of Indusind Bank Limited. He is a qualified Chartered Accountant and a Post graduate in Commerce and a Law Graduate with CAIIB. He started his career as lecturer in Commerce in 1978. He joined Dena Bank in 1980 and had various stints in Branch Management and Credit before moving into the Accounts and Finance Department of the Bank. He joined IndusInd Bank in 1995 as Assistant Vice President in the Banking Operations & Administration Department. At present, he is Executive Vice President & CFO of the Bank. Mr. Ramaswamy Meyyappan was Chief Risk Officer of the company. He is a qualified Chartered Accountant and MBA (University of Florida, USA), he has nearly 25 years of experience in the financial services sector. As Chief Risk Officer at IndusInd Bank, he is responsible for managing the various risk stripes as well as Financial Restructuring & Recovery. Started his career as a stock broker / portfolio manager with a leading equity brokerage firm in Chennai. When Infrastructure Development Finance Company was incorporated in 1997, he joined them as one of the initial employees and was involved in project finance appraisals. After a brief stint with GE Capital Finance, he started his career as a banker. His banking experience over the last 14 years has been gained while working with well-known foreign banks like Standard Chartered Bank, ABN AMRO Bank N.V. and J.P. Morgan Chase Bank, N.A., of which the last 11 years has been spent working across various risk management roles. His last assignment was with J.P. Morgan Chase Bank N.A., Mumbai where he spent 5.5 years with his last role there being as Chief Risk Officer. Mr. Shanker Annaswamy is an Non-Executive Independent Director of the company. He holds a Bachelor of Engineering degree (B.E), in Electronics and Communications from Madras University and a Diploma in Business Management Education from AIMA, New Delhi. Mr. Shanker Annaswamy was the Managing Director of IBM India Private Limited from July 2004 to December 2012. He had also served as President and Chief Executive Officer for GE Medical Systems, South Asia and before that Managing Director of Wipro-GE Medical Systems. He was a member of NASSCOM’s Executive Council from 2004 to 2008 and Chairman of the CII National Committee of IP owners. He was also on the National Executive Committee of FICCI. In 2009, he was nominated to the Prime Minister's Advisory Group on Science and Technology. In 2009, Business Week listed him as among India’s 50 Most Powerful People. In October 2011, he was conferred the Best CEO – Multinational Company Award as part of Forbes India Leadership Awards 2011 for Transformational Leadership. Mr. Siraj Chaudhry is an Additional Non-Executive Independent Director of the Company. His tenure at Cargill spanned 22 years, and included key responsibilities and leadership role in India as Commodity Trading role in Geneva, Switzerland. Mr. Siraj chaudhry is actively involved in supporting social issues focusing on food and nutrition security, education and livelihood. llnder Mr. Chaudhry,s leadership, Cargill pioneered the concept of fortifying all its edible oils with vitamins A and D in India to deliver much needed micronutrients and to fight malnutrition in India. Mr. Chaudhry is Founder Member of the India Food Banking Network, which has set up a chain of food banks in the country. Mrs. Kanchan U. Chitale is an Independent Non-Executive Director of Indusind Bank Ltd. She was the Senior Finance Manager at SICOM before she set up her own professional practice as a Chartered Accountant. At SICOM, she handled various functions including Project Assessment/Appraisal and Accounts. She managed the legal and the company’s Secretarial functions and operations of the newly set up State Government Corporation MOPEC while on deputation from SICOM during 1982-83. She also handled the overseas project assignment in Baghdad in 1982. In her practice for nearly 20 years, her main functional areas include Internal and Management Audits of corporates and specialised/concurrent audits of commercial banks and financial institutions. Mrs. Chitale has had extensive Internal Audit exposure as Associate Director of M/s M. P. Chitale & Co., a leading accounting firm in India associated with big corporate names in infrastructure/construction and in banking industries. She has contributed articles and given talks on professional topics at seminars and conferences. Mrs. Akila Krishnakumar is an Additional Non-Executive Independent Director of the Company. She was President - Global Technology and Country Head until February, 2013 forSunGard-aFortune 500 Company and a global leader in Financial Services Software. During her career spanning 30 years, she has led Technology-driven companies which were building enterprise-scale solutions across the world. Mrs. Akila Krishnakumar's focus has been on operational excellence, talent engagement and customer relevance, which repeatedly has delivered robust returns for the many businesses she managed. She had been on the Board of Stale Bank of Mysore from June 1, 2016 to March 31,2017. Dr. T. T. Ram Mohan, Ph.D. is an Non-Executive Independent Director of the Company. He is a Professor of Finance & Economics at IIM Ahmedabad, graduated from IIT Bombay and IIM Calcutta and obtained his doctorate from Stern School of Business, New York University. Prof Ram Mohan worked in consultancy and in the financial sector before entering academics. He has been Divisional Manager, Tata Economic Consultancy Services, Head of Strategy, Standard Chartered Bank, India, Vice President in Bear Stearns, Hong Kong, and Head of Research, Birla Marlin Securities. For over 15 years, he wrote a fortnightly column for The Economic Times. Prof Ram Mohan’s research interests include banking sector reforms, privatisation and corporate governance. He was Visiting Faculty at Stern School of Business, NYU in 2001. He has served on numerous committees of RBI and has been member of the Primary Markets Advisory Committee of SEBI. He has also been on the Boards of several companies, including many in the financial sector: Brics Securities, IndusInd Bank, Rural Electrification Corporation, SBI Pension Fund, and SBICaps Securities. He has authored six books and numerous papers. His most recent title, Rethinc: What’s broke at today’s corporations and how to fix it, published by Penguin Random House, was judged the co-winner of the Best Business Book of the Year award at the Tata Literary Festival in November, 2015. Mr. T. Anantha Narayanan is an Independent Non-Executive Director of Indusind Bank Limited. He is an Associate Member of the Institute of Chartered Accountants of India and Institute of Cost & Works Accountants of India, and Certified Associate of the Indian Institute of Bankers. He is the past Chairman of the Confederation of Indian Industry, Tamil Nadu Council. After a stint of 8 years with State Bank of India, Mr. Anantha Narayanan had a long association of 30 years with Ashok Leyland Ltd., where he held the position of ‘Executive Director’ for 12 years prior to his retirement. Apart from his vast experience in, and a deep knowledge of, Financial Management, Accountancy and Banking, Mr. Anantha Narayanan has long practical experience in Agriculture, being an avid Agriculturist engaged in evolving techniques relating to Organic Farming and Integrated Water Management. Mr. Anantha Narayanan has also made significant contribution in the preservation of many old temples in the South, as well as created awareness about them. As Of 31 Mar 2018	cc/2019-30/en_head_0021.json.gz/line12626
__label__wiki	0.766555	0.766555	The Cult of Ram Valay Singh Written by Valay Singh and published by Aleph (2018), Ayodhya: City of Faith, City of Discord is a biography of the city Ayodhya. Over thousands of years, Ayodhya has been a place of reverence for many faiths; but it has also been a place of violence, bloodshed and ill-will. Going back almost 3,300 years to the time Ayodhya is first mentioned, Valay Singh traces Ayodhya's history, showing its transformation from an insignificant outpost to a place sought out by kings, fakirs, renouncers and reformers and, later, becoming the centre-stage in Indian politics and the political imagination. The following is an excerpt from the chapter "Scripture, Myth and Reality" of the book. Image courtesy Amazon The Ramayana’s conversion into a divine or holy text began in the second millennium ce. Ram was not always worshipped as a god even though the worship of Ram certainly preceded the emergence of present-day Ayodhya as a centre of Ram worship. Moreover, it was after Tulsidas’s version of the Ramayana appeared in the sixteenth to seventeenth century that Ayodhya became an important centre of pilgrimage in north India and Ram worship grew rapidly. In the following centuries, it would become the most dominant cult, if not the most prevalent one among Hindus. Ram embodies many values that are attributed to India itself, such as tolerance, secularism, social harmony, equality, moral propriety and courage. As the Bharatiya Janata Party’s (BJP) Atal Bihari Vajpayee said, Ram is also to many ‘the symbol of India’s cultural heritage and its national ethos’.1 ‘Ram-bharose’, or ‘thanks to Ram’, is a common phrase heard in high-rises as well as weekly haats. Ram has come to be synonymous with God, at least since the time of the poet-saint Kabir. It was not always so. Ram worship erupted slowly and quite late in Indian religious history (as evidenced by most Ram temples and Ramayani art dating from the medieval period) and the Ayodhya of today offers us reason to believe that it developed even later as a place of Ram worship. The power of the Ram story as a legitimizing force was used in the fifth century by Vikramaditya (Skandagupta) when he moved his capital from Pataliputra to Saket (Ayodhya). Saket, till then a town with Buddhist and Jain histories, now became the Ayodhya of the Gupta king. After the fall of the Guptas, Ayodhya too faded away till the Gahadvalas rose to power in the aftermath of Ghaznavid raids.2 Bear in mind that this was a time of intense conflict between raiding Muslim armies from the northwest and regional struggles between Hindu kings. It is against the backdrop of a strife-torn political-social landscape that Vaishnavism began to emerge as a religious cult that would subsume many other sects in Hindu life. Some scholars believe that the Gahadvalas built five Vishnu temples in Ayodhya that survived till the time of Aurangzeb.3 However, it is baffling that even after extensive excavations, so little has been discovered of their remains. Till at least the 1700s, Ayodhya was a regional military centre of the Mughal empire, from where the nawabs of Awadh ruled. It had been in the wilderness for centuries, the continuous armed struggle between the Delhi Sultanate and its feudatories kept the region in turmoil and despite or probably because of that, Ayodhya attracted only the religiously and spiritually inclined of all faiths. In fact, this aspect of Ayodhya needs to be appreciated much more than it has been. Like most pilgrim spots, some parts of today’s Ayodhya offer the spiritual minded, the seeker of peace and the renunciate solace and solitude. As we have seen earlier, Nageshwarnath, the oldest temple in Ayodhya, is dedicated to Shiva, and as in most of the country, Shiva worship preceded the cult of Ram in Ayodhya as well.4 Shiva is a peer of Vishnu and hence there cannot be a direct comparison between him and Ram, who is the seventh incarnation of Vishnu.5 The six incarnations that precede him are Matsya or the fish avatar, Kurma or tortoise, Varaha or boar, Narasimha or half-man, half-lion, Vaman or the dwarf, and Parshuram or the priest with an axe. Then comes Ram, followed by Krishna of the Mahabharata, and after him, in the Vaishnava tradition, the Buddha as the ninth avatar of Vishnu. The tenth and final avatar is Kalki, a man on a white winged horse; he is to appear at the end of the present cosmic age. 1. Atal Bihari Vajpayee, ‘My musings from Kumarakom–I: time to resolve problems of the past’, The Hindu, 2 January 2001. 2. Vasudha Paramasivan, ‘Yah Ayodhya vah Ayodhya: earthly and cosmic journeys in the Anand-Lahari’ in Heidi Pauwels, ed., Patronage and Popularisation, Pilgrimage and Procession: Channels of Transcultural Translation and Transmission in Early Modern South Asia; Papers in Honour of Monika Hortsmann, Wiesbaden: Harrassowitz Verlag, 2009, pp. 101–16. 3. Ibid. 4. An inscription on a shivling dated 435–36 ce records a gift for the worship of Mahadeva (another name for Shiva). This shivling was found in the village Karamdande in Faizabad district (Meenakshi Jain, Rama and Ayodhya, New Delhi: Aryan Books International, 2013, p. 95). 5. However, from the Valmiki Ramayana, where Shiva is supposed to have asked Vishnu to manifest as Ram to kill Ravan to the Ramcharitmanas of Tulsidas, where Shiva is shown to be worshipping Ram and narrating the Ramayana to his consort Parvati, Ramcharitmanas marks the ultimate adoption of Shiva by Vaishnavism. Valay Singh is an independent journalist based in Delhi. He has been widely published in newspapers and magazines like the Economic Times, Himal Southasian, The Wire, Daily O and Outlook. Ayodhya is his first book. This is an excerpt from Ayodhya: City of Faith, City of Discord, written by Valay Singh and published by Aleph. Republished here with permission from the publisher. Donate to the Indian Writers' Forum, a public trust that belongs to all of us. Writers express support for S Raghunandana मिया कविता: मनुष्यता का प्रस्ताव Remembering Raja Dhale: How the Dalit Panthers Planned to Burn Holy Books Part 1: Discussing Narasinha Mehta, the Adi Kavi of Gujarat “Religion is taking over public discourse” The Many Worlds of a Revolutionary: The Bhagat Singh Reader Copyright © 2016 Indian Cultural Forum \| Copyright, Terms & Conditions \| This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 4.0 International License	cc/2019-30/en_head_0021.json.gz/line12628
__label__wiki	0.740866	0.740866	AT&T Puts Golf Fans “On The Green” at the Masters with First Live 4K Ultra HD Broadcast on DIRECTV Apr 4, 2016 \| Its All About Satellites Newsletter \| New “DIRECTV 4K” Channel Dedicated to 4K UHD Content Tees Off With Content From Golf’s Premier Event AT&T* announced that it will deliver the first-ever live 4K Ultra High Definition (UHD)** broadcast in the United States on DIRECTV with the Masters Tournament at Augusta National Golf Club. It’s the inaugural live event on the new DIRECTV 4K Channel dedicated to high-quality content. DIRECTV customers with compatible 4K UHD equipment can view coverage of Amen Corner at golf’s signature event in the industry’s best picture format and most vibrant color television experience possible.* With 4K UHD, viewers get roughly 4 times the resolution of HDTV including sharper detail, smoother lines and a richer color palette. The detail is so rich that you might even see the spin of the ball and the divots in the turf as if you’re right there on the green. “Golf’s premier event deserves the best viewing experience that 4K UHD on DIRECTV provides,” said Dan York, chief content officer, AT&T Entertainment Group. “Once you see it in 4K on DIRECTV, it’s going to be tough to see it any other way – unless you’re there in person.” Inaugural live 4K UHD coverage on the DIRECTV 4K channel will feature all four rounds of Tournament play (April 7-10 from approximately 10:30 a.m. to 6:00 p.m. EDT) at Amen Corner, a common reference to the 11th, 12th and 13th holes at Augusta National and the backdrop to some of the most exciting moments in golf history. New DIRECTV 4K Channel Dedicated to UHD Content The new DIRECTV 4K channel, which launches in April as part of the DIRECTV ULTIMATE and PREMIER™ Packages, includes unique 4K UHD content from AUDIENCE Network, documentaries and more. How to View Live 4K UHD Broadcast Customers who want the premium 4K UHD live experience via our DIRECTV 4K Channel will need the following: A DIRECTV ULTIMATE or PREMIER Package subscription with an authorized 4K customer account Our latest Genie HD DVR (HR54) Either a DIRECTV 4K Ready TV or a compatible 4K TV** connected to the latest 4K Genie Mini Understanding that once you view it in 4K UHD, it’s going to be hard to view it any other way. For more information on getting 4K UHD ready, visit http://www.directv.com/4k or call (800) 531-5000. DIRECTV was the first multichannel video provider to deliver 4K UHD Video on Demand programming in November 2014. AT&T products and services are provided or offered by subsidiaries and affiliates of AT&T Inc. under the AT&T brand and not by AT&T Inc. 4K UHD content on a non-DIRECTV 4K Ready TV requires a TV with an HDMI 2.0 compliant interface and HDCP 2.2 content security and a 4K Genie Mini. In addition, your 4K UHD TV must support a minimum of 60 fps. AT&T Inc. (NYSE:T) helps millions around the globe connect with leading entertainment, mobile, high speed Internet and voice services. We’re the world’s largest provider of pay TV. We have TV customers in the U.S. and 11 Latin American countries. We offer the best global coverage of any U.S. wireless provider. And we help businesses worldwide serve their customers better with our mobility and highly secure cloud solutions. Additional information about AT&T products and services is available at http://about.att.com. Follow our news on Twitter at @ATT, on Facebook at http://www.facebook.com/att and YouTube at http://www.youtube.com/att. © 2016 AT&T Intellectual Property. All rights reserved. AT&T, the Globe logo and other marks are trademarks and service marks of AT&T Intellectual Property and/or AT&T affiliated companies. *Global coverage claim based on offering discounted voice and data roaming; LTE roaming; voice roaming; and world-capable smartphone and tablets in more countries than any other U.S. based carrier. International service required. Coverage not available in all areas. Coverage may vary per country and be limited/restricted in some countries. – See more at: http://about.att.com/story/first_live_4k_ultra_hd_broadcast_on_directv.html#sthash.CW6D98jz.dpuf	cc/2019-30/en_head_0021.json.gz/line12630
__label__cc	0.511674	0.488326	Risk and Resilience in Military Families Experiencing Deployment: The Role of the Family Attachment... Risk and Resilience in Military Families Experiencing Deployment: The Role of the Family Attachment Network of Family Psychology (2011); 25(5), 675-687. David S. Riggs, Ph.D. Uniformed Services University of the Health Services Shelley A. Riggs, Ph.D. Department of Psychology, University of North TexasRiggs@unt.edu Process and Quality Evaluation Organizational and Community Development • Researchers proposed a military families attachment network model to demonstrate how family relationships are impacted during deployment and reintegration. These models can be used to guide interventions for service members and their families. • The proposed model predicts that insecure attachment styles and the resulting maladaptive coping strategies of the non-deploying parent may foster psychological distress, coercive parenting, and harsh discipline, or alternatively, parental incompetence and parent-child role-reversal. • Health providers should consider attachment and family processes when working with military families to help them develop healthy coping strategies, improve communication, and decrease isolation by utilizing various social supports. “Deployment separation constitutes a significant stressor for U.S. military men and women and their families. Many military personnel return home struggling with physical and/or psychological injuries that challenge their ability to reintegrate and contribute to marital problems, family dysfunction, and emotional or behavioral disturbance in spouses and children. Yet research examining the psychological health and functioning of military families is scarce and rarely driven by developmental theory. The primary purpose of this theoretical paper is to describe a family attachment network model of military families during deployment and reintegration that is grounded in attachment theory and family systems theory. This integrative perspective provides a solid empirical foundation and a comprehensive account of individual and family risk and resilience during military-related separations and reunions. The proposed family attachment network model will inform future research and intervention efforts with service members and their families.” The family attachment network model developed by Riggs and Riggs provides a solid empirical foundation for comprehending individual and family risk and resilience during military deployments and reunions. Research has consistently shown that returning veterans face concerns within intimate relationships, particularly if the veteran is suffering from psychological issues. Poor communication, intimacy problems, relationship dissatisfaction, domestic violence, divorce and co-parenting disagreements are just a few of these concerns. Considering the proposed models by Riggs and Riggs may provide valuable insight into the attachment factors that may be impacting veterans and their families facing such concerns. Mental health professionals should focus on helping families develop or strengthen family resilience processes that facilitate reintegration. These resilience processes include active coping strategies, improving the quality and quantity of family communication, increasing flexibility regarding roles and responsibilities, and decreasing isolation through the utilization of community and social supports. Many military service members who are deployed in support of Operation Enduring Freedom (OEF) and Operation Iraqi Freedom (OIF) are leaving families behind to face unique stressors throughout the course of military service, deployments, and reunifications. These unique stressors, such as frequent relocations, loss and fear for a loved one’s safety, and reorganizing the family system, demand a greater need for policies, initiatives and programs that address the special needs of these families. The authors of this article address specific needs in the area of attachment relationships among military families. These families would benefit from increased federal funding for research that examines adult attachment styles and parent-child attachment relationships in military families. Also, further family-based research would provide valuable information to assist in developing programs and treatment approaches for military service members and their families. Although the proposed model by the researchers appears to provide a solid foundation for comprehending individual and family risks and resilience during military deployments and reunions, it holds the central assumption that attachment relationships and family systems are fundamental contexts for risk and resilience among military service members and their families. The proposed family attachment network model presents theory-based hypotheses for future researchers to test. Undoubtedly, there are other explanatory approaches that could improve upon the current model’s limitations, one of which is that the model applies only to two-parent families. Future research should also include the experiences of single parents who are deployed. Further, the model does not account for family maltreatment or domestic violence which would be associated with disorganization in the family system. Other considerations for the model could include intergenerational trauma, post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) symptoms, and single versus multiple deployments. Researchers should also consider potential moderators such as the sex of parent or child, deployment characteristics (e.g., frequency, duration, location, extent of family contact.), and external resources (e.g., social support, financial stability, military services to families).	cc/2019-30/en_head_0021.json.gz/line12631
__label__cc	0.733634	0.266366	Research Article\|May 29 2014 A computer model to estimate seepage rates from automated irrigation distribution channels during periods of shutdown A. Moavenshahidi National Centre for Engineering in Agriculture, University of Southern Queensland, Toowoomba, Queensland, 4350, Australia E-mail: amirali.mshahidi@gmail.com R. Smith M. Gillies Journal of Hydroinformatics (2014) 16 (6): 1302-1317. A. Moavenshahidi, R. Smith, M. Gillies; A computer model to estimate seepage rates from automated irrigation distribution channels during periods of shutdown. Journal of Hydroinformatics 1 November 2014; 16 (6): 1302–1317. doi: https://doi.org/10.2166/hydro.2014.104 Within the last 10 years throughout south-eastern Australia, there has been a rapid expansion of modernisation efforts by irrigation companies that has included installation of automatic control structures, the so-called total channel control (TCC) technology. TCC includes supervisory control and data acquisition technology, which results in production of integrated databases utilising real time measurements of flow and water depth throughout the whole system. Pondage tests are acknowledged as the best direct method for seepage measurement and the recorded water level data from automated systems during periods of gate closure can be treated as pondage test data. This paper presents the development and operation of a new computer model that applies pondage test methodology to automated channel control data during periods of shut down in order to estimate seepage rates in different channel reaches. The Coleambally Irrigation Area (CIA) in southern New South Wales was chosen as the case study, as it is one of the first irrigation districts in the world to be automated. The methodology was tested using the TCC data of the entire CIA during the 2010–11 season and was demonstrated to be successful in identifying all pondage conditions throughout the entire network as well as estimating the seepage rates for each gauge, pondage and pool. Coleambally irrigation, irrigation channels, pondage test, seepage estimation, total channel control	cc/2019-30/en_head_0021.json.gz/line12632
__label__cc	0.734421	0.265579	Rina Ellis Interview Home → Pornstar Interviews by Captain Jack → Rina Ellis Interview Rina Ellis Talks with Captain Jack Rina is a unique beauty and one I’ve been wanting to talk to for a while now. She has a fiery screen presence and gives dynamite performances. Enjoy! Captain Jack: Tell me about Rina Ellis. Rina Ellis: I was born in Korea and I moved to Japan when I was a few months old. I moved to New York when I was 7. I basically stayed here until I was 19 then I traveled to London. I went to college out there. I’m half English and half Japanese. It can get really confusing. (laughs) I grew up here but I’ve been everywhere. And now I’m back in New York. CJ: How old are you? Rina: I’m 25. CJ: How long have you been in the industry? Rina: My first ever scene, I shot before my 23rd birthday. Technically, I got in when I was 22 but I only did one scene. I’ve been shooting off-and-on. CJ: You just took a little break before coming back. How long were you gone for? Rina: Not that long. When I say break, I think the last time I shot was June in Miami. So just a couple months. I just wanted to do my own thing and I was missing it and I came back. CJ: Then you’re going to be shooting full time, as long as people book you? Rina: Probably not. I’m probably going to stick to part-time. I appreciate it more and it gives me something to look forward to. It gives me a balance between my personal life and my work life. CJ: When did you lose your virginity? Rina: I was 14. (laughs) CJ: Is there a good story behind it? Rina: Not really. The standard, you don’t know what the fuck you were doing. Just a typical story. I bled all over the sheets. I remember him being 13 and didn’t know shit. He hid his sheets hoping his mom wouldn’t find them. (laughs) Nothing super exciting. I didn’t cum or anything, not that I expected to. CJ: Did that open up the floodgates? Were you promiscuous after that? Rina: I would say so. I was pretty shy when I was younger, up until then. But, after that point, I came out of my shell sexually more. I think I’ve always been that way. When you’re around that age, you don’t really know who you are so you try and find yourself. CJ: How many guys did you sleep with before porn? Rina: I always have a default answer especially when meeting a guy because they have a double standard but, honestly, I’m not sure. I’d say it’s between 30 and 50. CJ: Were you with girls before porn? Rina: I was actually. I always say that I don’t have a preference for gender, it just depends on the person. But I would say that I definitely have more experience with guys in my personal life because I’m much more confident. I’m better at pursing guys because guys are easy as fuck. Girls are a lot harder to impress. I think if I’m into a girl, I’m into her way more than I would be a guy. It’s kind of weird. CJ: When was your first time? Rina: I was 16. CJ: Do you know how many girls you were with before porn? Rina: Yes! That I can say. It’s 4! With guys, I have some I’m so fucking ashamed of that they don’t count but I would say with guys, I kind of lost count. Girls was only 4. Not very much at all. They’re just not as easy to get with! You just never know if they’re down! CJ: You’re preaching to the choir! Rina: Yes! You spend all that money and you don’t even know if you’re going to get pussy at the end of the night. Or dinner. That’s even worse! Especially if you’re in New York or LA, it’s expensive! CJ: You got into it at 23. Did you go to college or what were you doing? Rina: I went to college in London and studied in the theatre. I have the most useless academic degree you can think of. (laughs) But I don’t regret it, it was a good experience for me. I was kind of figuring myself out and I always knew I wasn’t going to do anything conventional. I knew that from a young age. CJ: Why did you decide to get into the adult industry? Rina: Basically, I was always very intrigued by the industry. I never ruled it but I always thought, ‘I don’t know if I could ever do that!’ When I was in college, I got into webcamming after a friend introduced me to it. I really liked it. I needed the extra money and it really helped me. The same friend also worked in London on the production side and they needed extras for a Brazzers scene. She asked if I would be down to be an extra. I said yes but I knew, in the back of my mind, if I do this, depending on what I do on test, I’m going to be very tempted to do a scene, if they offered me something. She told me that was a definite possibility. So I was an extra and I did that for a few months. They did ask me to do a scene but I said I had to think about it to see if I really wanted it. This isn’t something you can do without thinking about it. I thought about it and I remember being on set and the performers were fucking and I was getting upset that I wasn’t. So they offered me a girl/girl scene for Digital Playground and I thought I would do girls to start with but, before you know it, I was taking dick. (laughs) Basically, that’s what happened! CJ: So what was your first scene like? You were sexually experienced but it’s different with all these people around. Were you intimidated? Nervous? Turned on? Rina: It was actually really good. It was a girl/girl scene with Sienna Day and she was supposed to completely dominate me. It calmed down my nerves and I was more excited than anything. It was funny because the people that owned the building where we were filming were peeking around the corner. I liked it that there were more people there because it was less awkward. I’m an exhibitionist for sure. CJ: How did you come up with your stage name? Rina: Rina is like a Japanese name and I wanted something that was Asian but easy to pronounce. I just liked it. CJ: What’s your favorite position? Rina: Doggie. Isn’t that everybody’s? CJ: Have you ever been in an inappropriate sexual relationship? Rina: I’ve been with my boss. CJ: Did you come on to him or did he come on to you? Rina: I kind of came on to him. I was with my friend and really drunk and she said that he’s so fucking hot! He was in his 30s and so fucking mean. He treated everyone like shit. He was just a disgusting human being so, naturally, I was into him. I don’t know. To this day, I don’t know. He was texting me about my shift and my friend grabbed my phone and said something like, ‘Can I sit on your face?’ Eventually, I noticed he was getting nicer to me the more I flirted with him and I just pushed it from there. We saw each other for a bit but he was mean to everybody. I was a mess and unreliable so I got to keep my job. (laughs) I think it was weird because I was still really young. CJ: So I take it you’re naturally submissive? Rina: What makes you say that? CJ: You said the guy was mean to everyone and that made him hot to you so I figured, yeah, you’re submissive and wanted someone to take charge. Rina: It depends actually. I like dominating dudes because I’m a bitch for sure. If I’m really into them, I’d rather be submissive. But if there’s not as much intimacy, then I’m happy to dom them. I want to fuck a straight guy with a strap-on. CJ: That was my next question. Rina: The closest I’ve come is with a dildo. Basically, my ex, I said I wanted to fuck him with a strap-on. He said, ‘No.’ ‘Fine! What about toys?’ ‘Maybe.’ So it’s not that much difference. CJ: So you were with your boss and he was in his 30s. So I take it you like older men? Rina: Actually, no. I wouldn’t say that. It always varies. I like younger guys too. (laughs) It depends. Older guys, obviously, know what to do more but I don’t have a preference. I don’t have a preference. As long as it’s fucked up, that’s all I need. (laughs) CJ: What do you like sexually? What gets Rina wet? Rina: I don’t know why, I don’t know where it came from, but I’ve always been a big water sports person. If I’m into you, there is a next step, like ‘Will you pee on me?’ That’s something I wait for, it’s something I like. I don’t know why. Probably because it’s dirty. I don’t know! It’s hot! My first ever fetish video was me peeing my pants and that got me off. So when a guy pees on me, I’m really into that. It’s also kind of cliché’ but I like someone breaking in with a ski mask. He was older too. CJ: So how many times have you been peed on? Rina: I actually don’t know. I don’t do it with every guy. First of all, some guys think it’s fucking weird. I’d say a handful. If it’s someone in my personal life, I want it more. CJ: Have you ever drank it? Rina: Yes. I always say hydrate a lot before. (laughs) CJ: How often do you masturbate? Rina: Constantly. It’s bad. I never go a day without, no matter what. CJ: Favorite method? Rina: I have a Hitachi. That’s my favorite. I’m a clit-based person so that’s my favorite. (laughs) CJ: Did you watch porn before you got into the industry? Rina; Yes, pretty much. I really loved Asa Akira. She’s so funny. I was clearly infatuated with her. Now, you probably hear this all the time, I don’t watch it. If I do, it’s Hentai or something like that. If it’s not that, I like amateur stuff with couples recording themselves fucking. Even if they’re not hot. (laughs) CJ: When a guy pops, where do you prefer it? Rina: Mouth. Or creampies. If I’m really into them, I want a creampie. Anywhere but my eyes. CJ: Are you a swallower? Rina: Yes, of course. You’re in the wrong business if you don’t like that, in my opinion. CJ: Are you a size queen? Do you like huge cocks? Rina: It depends. I definitely like a good sized dick, I’m not going to lie. I like anywhere from average to big. But some of the best sex I’ve had has been with smaller guys. So I guess it depends on how they use it too. CJ: You’ve done anal on camera, are you a fan of that in your personal life? Rina: I do but not very often! Honestly, I definitely have done it a lot but not often and I think it’s because it’s still kind of taboo. There’s a time and a place for it. I have to be in a really dirty mood. CJ: Do you have any fantasies you would like to live out on camera? Rina: Gangbang, for sure. I’m still waiting for that. (laughs) CJ: You’ve done anal, have you been DP’d on camera yet? Rina: Not yet! That’s another one I’m very intrigued about. I will never do double anal, I’m a small girl. But DP? I heard it feels really good. I’ve had girls tell me that’s it’s so much better than regular anal because you get both holes penetrated. But definitely more than anything, a gangbang. CJ: What do you look for in a guy off camera? Rina: Obviously, I have to be attracted to him but I want him to be really funny and, this isn’t hard to find, just have a high sex drive. Funny, nice, hot, good sized dick…that’s what I look for. CJ: What do you look for in a girl? Rina: That varies. First of all, a girl who is actually into girls. There’s nothing worse than a girl who isn’t. It’s annoying no matter how hot she is. It’s not fun. Part of the pleasure of having sex is both parties enjoying it. Even if it is a job and it isn’t your “type”, just have fun with it! Don’t do this job if you don’t like fucking! It’s not worth it. CJ: What are you like off-camera? When you have free time, what do you do for fun? Rina: It depends. I like traveling a lot, obviously. I like going to new things. I like watching movies, shows. I haven’t seen a show in so long! A musical in forever! That’s something I really, really want to do. CJ: You’re in the right city for it too! Rina: I know! Why am I not taking advantage of this? I also like singing. I like doing anything creative. I like laughing a lot. (laughs) I’m with my friend right now and we’re just being stupid. Just being fucking dumb, that’s what I like doing! CJ: You said movies, what’s your favorite movies? Rina: It depends on my mood but I really like Lost In Translation. I like those movies that have a deep metaphor. I like Grease. I don’t have just one niche. CJ: What’s your favorite TV shows? Rina: I don’t watch lately but I’m waiting for the new season to come out of Jane the Virgin. I’m also watching 90-Day Fiance’. It’s so funny! It’s so good, so much drama. If you like trashy reality TV, that’s for you. It’s people who meet someone online from another country and they have 90-days to get married or they have to go back. CJ: What kind of music do you like? Rina: This always varies! If I go to a festival, I love house music! CJ: What’s your favorite food? Rina: Sushi. I love Asian food, anything Asian. CJ: What’s the kinkiest thing you’ve ever done? Rina: I had sex in front of a very famous portrait in a foreign country. It was really weird and awkward because kids walked by. It was not my proudest moment. CJ: And how can the fans follow you on social media? Rina: On Twitter, I’m @RinaEllis. Instagram is @RinaEllisX. Rina Ellis Movies, Photos, Talk Pornstars, set up an interview with Captain Jack – message him through any of his forum posts (envelope icon,) or hit him up on Twitter. On March 4, 2019 / Pornstar Interviews by Captain Jack / Leave a comment	cc/2019-30/en_head_0021.json.gz/line12635
__label__wiki	0.562145	0.562145	What was the first math problem that we needed a computer to solve? Filed to: ComputersFiled to: Computers In the 1970s, a remarkable thing was done; a computer was used to solve a math problem. This, in and of itself, was not remarkable. The difference engine could do it. But this problem was the first one that would probably remain unsolved if it weren't for computers. Find out about the Four-Color Theorem, and why it needed to be turned over to the machines, below. Hey. What's one hundred and seventeen thousand six hundred and twenty-two plus three million, four hundred and fifty thousand and twelve? You just opened up the calculator function on your computer, didn't you? Hey. There's no shame in that. I'm not even going to solve the problem, and I'm the one who wrote it. I'm just saying that we're used to turning over even relatively easy problems to computers. (Look. Someone programmed that calculator function. If you waste paper trying to figure it out, you're squandering their hard work.) Even during the 1970s, when computers were harder to come by and problems were weightier, computers were routinely brought in to solve things for the people who had access to them. But prior to 1976, they weren't required to prove any math problem. They just made things easier. That is, until Kenneth Appel and Wolfgang Haken used a computer to prove a 124-year-old conjecture. In 1852, Francis Guthrie came up with what's known as the Four-Color Theorem. That theorem stated that no map needed more than four colors to delineate territories. Generally, different countries, states, or provinces, were given different colors on a map. If a mapmaker were armed with four different colors, there was no territory, or set of them, that could be arranged in such a way that two adjoining territories were the same color. No one had found anything to contradict Guthrie, but then no one had the time to check. Thousands of different cases would have to be tested before anyone could come to a conclusion. The theorem just wasn't practically testable, and so not provable, by humans. In 1976, though, a human didn't need to work through all those cases. Appel and Haken enlisted the help of a machine that worked fast and didn't mind if its time was being wasted, and proved the Four-Color Theorem. Mapmakers raised a bored eyebrow and continued to use however many colors they felt like using. Computer scientists, though, were impressed. Image: LR Via The Mathematical Association of America Recent from Esther Inglis-Arkell Behold the Best-Designed Cat House Any Cat Will Still Completely Ignore Biologists Have Discovered Underground, Burrowing Tadpoles This Company is Making an Epi-Pen That Fits in a Wallet	cc/2019-30/en_head_0021.json.gz/line12637
__label__cc	0.662893	0.337107	The Goldilocks Rule: How to Stay Motivated in Life and Business by James Clear \| Behavioral Psychology, Goal Setting, Motivation In 1955, Disneyland had just opened in Anaheim, California, when a ten-year-old boy walked in and asked for a job. Labor laws were loose back then and the boy managed to land a position selling guidebooks for $0.50 apiece. Within a year, he had transitioned to Disney’s magic shop, where he learned tricks from the older employees. He experimented with jokes and tried out simple routines on visitors. Soon he discovered that what he loved was not performing magic but performing in general. He set his sights on becoming a comedian. Beginning in his teenage years, he started performing in little clubs around Los Angeles. The crowds were small and his act was short. He was rarely on stage for more than five minutes. Most of the people in the crowd were too busy drinking or talking with friends to pay attention. One night, he literally delivered his stand-up routine to an empty club. It wasn’t glamorous work, but there was no doubt he was getting better. His first routines would only last one or two minutes. By high school, his material had expanded to include a five-minute act and, a few years later, a ten-minute show. At nineteen, he was performing weekly for twenty minutes at a time. He had to read three poems during the show just to make the routine long enough, but his skills continued to progress. He spent another decade experimenting, adjusting, and practicing. He took a job as a television writer and, gradually, he was able to land his own appearances on talk shows. By the mid-1970s, he had worked his way into being a regular guest on The Tonight Show and Saturday Night Live. Finally, after nearly fifteen years of work, the young man rose to fame. He toured sixty cities in sixty-three days. Then seventy-two cities in eighty days. Then eighty-five cities in ninety days. He had 18,695 people attend one show in Ohio. Another 45,000 tickets were sold for his three-day show in New York. He catapulted to the top of his genre and became one of the most successful comedians of his time.1 His name is Steve Martin. Steve Martin performing in Chicago, Illinois in 1978. (Photo by Paul Natkin.) I recently finished Steve Martin's wonderful autobiography, Born Standing Up. Martin’s story offers a fascinating perspective on what it takes to stick with habits for the long run. Comedy is not for the timid. It is hard to imagine a situation that would strike fear into the hearts of more people than performing alone on stage and failing to get a single laugh. And yet Steve Martin faced this fear every week for eighteen years. In his words, “10 years spent learning, 4 years spent refining, and 4 years as a wild success.” Why is it that some people, like Martin, stick with their habits—whether practicing jokes or drawing cartoons or playing guitar—while most of us struggle to stay motivated? How do we design habits that pull us in rather than ones that fade away? Scientists have been studying this question for many years. While there is still much to learn, one of the most consistent findings is that the way to maintain motivation and achieve peak levels of desire is to work on tasks of “just manageable difficulty.”2 The Goldilocks Rule The human brain loves a challenge, but only if it is within an optimal zone of difficulty. If you love tennis and try to play a serious match against a four-year-old, you will quickly become bored. It’s too easy. You’ll win every point. In contrast, if you play a professional tennis player like Roger Federer or Serena Williams, you will quickly lose motivation because the match is too difficult. Now consider playing tennis against someone who is your equal. As the game progresses, you win a few points and you lose a few. You have a good chance of winning, but only if you really try. Your focus narrows, distractions fade away, and you find yourself fully invested in the task at hand. This is a challenge of just manageable difficulty and it is a prime example of the Goldilocks Rule. The Goldilocks Rule states that humans experience peak motivation when working on tasks that are right on the edge of their current abilities. Not too hard. Not too easy. Just right.3 Martin’s comedy career is an excellent example of the Goldilocks Rule in practice. Each year, he expanded his comedy routine—but only by a minute or two. He was always adding new material, but he also kept a few jokes that were guaranteed to get laughs. There were just enough victories to keep him motivated and just enough mistakes to keep him working hard. Measure Your Progress If you want to learn how to stay motivated to reach your goals, then there is a second piece of the motivation puzzle that is crucial to understand. It has to do with achieving that perfect blend of hard work and happiness. Working on challenges of an optimal level of difficulty has been found to not only be motivating, but also to be a major source of happiness. As psychologist Gilbert Brim put it, “One of the important sources of human happiness is working on tasks at a suitable level of difficulty, neither too hard nor too easy.” This blend of happiness and peak performance is sometimes referred to as flow, which is what athletes and performers experience when they are “in the zone.” Flow is the mental state you experience when you are so focused on the task at hand that the rest of the world fades away. In order to reach this state of peak performance, however, you not only need to work on challenges at the right degree of difficulty, but also measure your immediate progress. As psychologist Jonathan Haidt explains, one of the keys to reaching a flow state is that “you get immediate feedback about how you are doing at each step.” Seeing yourself make progress in the moment is incredibly motivating. Steve Martin would tell a joke and immediately know if it worked based on the laughter of the crowd. Imagine how addicting it would be to create a roar of laughter. The rush of positive feedback Martin experienced from one great joke would probably be enough to overpower his fears and inspire him to work for weeks. In other areas of life, measurement looks different but is just as critical for achieving a blend of motivation and happiness. In tennis, you get immediate feedback based on whether or not you win the point. Regardless of how it is measured, the human brain needs some way to visualize our progress if we are to maintain motivation. We need to be able to see our wins. Two Steps to Motivation If we want to break down the mystery of how to stay motivated for the long-term, we could simply say: Stick to The Goldilocks Rule and work on tasks of just manageable difficulty. Measure your progress and receive immediate feedback whenever possible. Wanting to improve your life is easy. Sticking with it is a different story. If you want to stay motivated for good, then start with a challenge that is just manageable, measure your progress, and repeat the process. This article is an excerpt from Chapter 19 of my New York Times bestselling book Atomic Habits. Read more here. Steve Martin, Born Standing Up: A Comic’s Life (Leicester, UK: Charnwood, 2008). Nicholas Hobbs, “The Psychologist as Administrator,” Journal of Clinical Psychology 15, no. 3 (1959), doi:10.1002/1097–4679(195907)15:33.0.co; 2–4; Gilbert Brim, Ambition: How We Manage Success and Failure throughout Our Lives (Lincoln, NE: IUniverse.com, 2000); Mihaly Csikszentmihalyi, Finding Flow: The Psychology of Engagement with Everyday Life (New York: Basic Books, 2008). For those from different cultures, the Goldilocks Rule is named after the fairy tale of Goldilocks and the Three Bears. « My 2016 Integrity Report Motivation is Overvalued. Environment Often Matters More. »	cc/2019-30/en_head_0021.json.gz/line12639
__label__cc	0.730164	0.269836	Talking about music is like dancing about architecture. -- Thelonious Monk Cannonball Adderley (1928-1975) jazz alto saxophonist of the hard bop era,Cannonball Adderley played the alto saxophone with his own band and with Miles Davis in the ‘50s and ‘60s. Known for playing the alto saxophone, critics appreciated Adderley’s upbeat sound. The Cannonball Adderley Quintet featured Cannonball on alto sax and his brother Nat Adderley on cornet. Cannonball's first quintet was not very successful;however, after leaving Davis' group, he formed another, again with his brother, which enjoyed more success. The new quintet (which later became the Cannonball Adderley Sextet), and Cannonball's other combos and groups, included such noted musicians as: pianists Bobby Timmons, Victor Feldman, Joe Zawinul, Hal Galper, Michael Wolff, George Duke, Wynton Kelly, Bill Evans bassists Ray Brown, Sam Jones, Walter Booker, Victor Gaskin, Paul Chambers drummers Louis Hayes, Roy McCurdy saxophonists Charles Lloyd, Yusef Lateef. Cannoball Adderley	cc/2019-30/en_head_0021.json.gz/line12640
__label__wiki	0.875633	0.875633	Jefferson Digital Commons Home > JCPH > PHM > Vol. 13 (2000) > Iss. 3 Jefferson Medical College Office of Continuing Medical Education Selected Activities (2000) "Jefferson Medical College Office of Continuing Medical Education Selected Activities," Population Health Matters (Formerly Health Policy Newsletter): Vol. 13 : Iss. 3 , Article 8. Available at: https://jdc.jefferson.edu/hpn/vol13/iss3/8 Public Health Commons All Issues Vol. 32, Iss. 1 Vol. 31, Iss. 2 Vol. 31, Iss. 1 Vol. 30, Iss. 4 Vol. 30, Iss. 3 Vol. 30, Iss. 2 Vol. 30, Iss. 1 Vol. 29, Iss. 4 Vol. 29, Iss. 3 Vol. 29, Iss. 2 Vol. 29, Iss. 1 Vol. 28, Iss. 4 Vol. 28, Iss. 3 Vol. 28, Iss. 2 Vol. 28, Iss. 1 Vol. 27, Iss. 4 Vol. 27, Iss. 3 Vol. 27, Iss. 2 Vol. 27, Iss. 1 Vol. 26, Iss. 4 Vol. 26, Iss. 3 Vol. 26, Iss. 2 Vol. 26, Iss. 1 Vol. 25, Iss. 4 Vol. 25, Iss. 3 Vol. 25, Iss. 2 Vol. 25, Iss. 1 Vol. 24, Iss. 4 Vol. 24, Iss. 3 Vol. 24, Iss. 2 Vol. 24, Iss. 1 Vol. 23, Iss. 3 Vol. 23, Iss. 2 Vol. 23, Iss. 1 Vol. 22, Iss. 4 Vol. 22, Iss. 3 Vol. 22, Iss. 2 Vol. 22, Iss. 1 Vol. 21, Iss. 4 Vol. 21, Iss. 3 Vol. 21, Iss. 2 Vol. 21, Iss. 1 Vol. 20, Iss. 4 Vol. 20, Iss. 3 Vol. 20, Iss. 2 Vol. 20, Iss. 1 Vol. 19, Iss. 4 Vol. 19, Iss. 3 Vol. 19, Iss. 2 Vol. 19, Iss. 1 Vol. 18, Iss. 4 Vol. 18, Iss. 3 Vol. 18, Iss. 2 Vol. 18, Iss. 1 Vol. 17, Iss. 4 Vol. 17, Iss. 3 Vol. 17, Iss. 2 Vol. 17, Iss. 1 Vol. 16, Iss. 4 Vol. 16, Iss. 3 Vol. 16, Iss. 2 Vol. 16, Iss. 1 Vol. 15, Iss. 4 Vol. 15, Iss. 3 Vol. 15, Iss. 2 Vol. 15, Iss. 1 Vol. 14, Iss. 4 Vol. 14, Iss. 3 Vol. 14, Iss. 2 Vol. 14, Iss. 1 Vol. 13, Iss. 4 Vol. 13, Iss. 3 Vol. 13, Iss. 2 Vol. 13, Iss. 1 Vol. 12, Iss. 3 Vol. 12, Iss. 2 Vol. 12, Iss. 1 Vol. 11, Iss. 3 Vol. 11, Iss. 2 Vol. 11, Iss. 1 Vol. 10, Iss. 3 Vol. 10, Iss. 2 Vol. 10, Iss. 1 Vol. 9, Iss. 2 Vol. 9, Iss. 1 Vol. 8, Iss. 3 Vol. 8, Iss. 2 Vol. 8, Iss. 1 Vol. 7, Iss. 3 in this journal in this Commons all Bepress repositories	cc/2019-30/en_head_0021.json.gz/line12642
__label__cc	0.711082	0.288918	Minister Outlines Causes for Negative Attitudes Toward Local Foods Minister of Agriculture, Dr. Christopher Tufton, has cited the influence of media and travel experiences of Jamaicans, as the major causes for negative attitudes toward local foods. Addressing the launch of a hydroponics project at the Knockalva Agricultural School, in Ramble, Hanover, on September 17, the Minister said that the changing tastes of Jamaicans over time, towards imported items, as opposed to local items; changes in supply and demand, and other environmental conditions, have had devastating effects on the island. He said that more often than not, people do not have control over a lot of the factors that affect availability of a number of foods and other items, but as a nation, “we do have control over our capacity to respond to the changes, by looking at the local options available.” “If we are honest with ourselves, I believe that we must accept that over the last 12 to 18 months, we have demonstrated that we are, as a country, as a people, not able, and do not possess the capacity at this point in time to respond to the challenges that we have faced over the period. In other words, we are unable to provide in totality, the local options that are required, in order to meet the demand that we have as a people and as a community,” he added. Dr. Tufton said the fact is that Jamaicans have allowed themselves to give preference to imports as opposed to local production, and this attitude has become a mindset. “And, it’s caused by a number of things, it is not necessarily caused by us; it’s caused by the influence of mainstream media, it’s caused by our exposure to travel, so you aspire to be like the lifestyles of persons living in the developed world,” he pointed out. He emphasised that this attitude is something that “we have to change as a people,” adding that any change that is to take place, whether in lifestyle, as it relates to preferences, consumption patterns, or in acquiring new techniques to develop the production and productivity levels in agriculture, any such change is better galvanised at the level of the young people of the nation.	cc/2019-30/en_head_0021.json.gz/line12645
__label__cc	0.59368	0.40632	American Dream, Benjamin Franklin, California, California Dream, California Gold Rush, Gold Rush, Mill, Sutter Portsmouth Square, San Francisco, California. Early daguerrotype. Signs in image include: California Restaurant, Book and Job Printing, Louisiana, Sociedad, Drugs & Medicines Wholesale & Retail, Henry Johnson & Co, Alta California, Bella Union, A. Holmes. (Photo credit: Wikipedia) California Dream is the psychological motivation to gain fast wealth or fame in a new land. As a result of the California Gold Rush after 1849, California‘s name became indelibly connected with the Gold Rush, and fast success in a new world became known as the “California Dream.”[1] California was perceived as a place of new beginnings, where great wealth could reward hard work and good luck. The notion inspired the idea of an American Dream. California was seen as a lucky place, a land of opportunity and good fortune. It was a powerful belief, underlying many of the accomplishments of the state, and equally potent when threatened.[2] Historian H. W. Brands noted that in the years after the Gold Rush, the California Dream spread across the nation: “ “The old American Dream . . . was the dream of the Puritans, of Benjamin Franklin’s “Poor Richard” . . . of men and women content to accumulate their modest fortunes a little at a time, year by year by year. The new dream was the dream of instant wealth, won in a twinkling by audacity and good luck. [This] golden dream . . . became a prominent part of the American psyche only after Sutter’s Mill.”[3] ” Overnight California gained the international reputation as the “golden state”—with gold and lawlessness Generations of immigrants have been attracted by the California Dream. California farmers,[5]oil drillers,[6] movie makers,[7] aerospace corporations [8] and “dot-com” entrepreneurs have each had their boom times in the decades after the Gold Rush. Sailing to California at the beginning of the Gold Rush Part of the “California Dream” was “that every family could have its own private home.”[9][10] As Starr has pointed out, for many if not most migrants to the golden state, “the dream outran the reality.”[11] The Okies of the 1930s “found their California dream transformed into a nightmare,’ notes Walter Stein.[12] As a result, “the California Dream is a love affair with an idea, a marriage to a myth” [13] [edit]Psychology Observers report a common stereotyped perception that people are happier in California. This perception is anchored in the perceived superiority of the California climate, and is justified to some extent by the fact that Californians are indeed more satisfied with their climate than are Midwesterners. Surveys of students show the advantages of life in California were not reflected in differences in the self-reported overall life satisfaction of those who live there.[14] [edit]20th century Historian Kevin Starr in his grand seven-volume history of the state has explored in great depth the “California Dream”—the realization by ordinary Californians of the American Dream. California starting in the late 19th century promised the highest possible standard of life for the middle classes, and indeed for the skilled blue collar workers and farm owners as well. Poverty existed,, but was concentrated among the migrant farm workers made famous in The Grapes of Wrath, where the Joad family, driven out of the Dust Bowl, searches for the California Dream. By the 1950s the Joads and the other “Oakies”and “Arkies” (migrants from Oklahoma and Arkansas) were achieving the dream too. It was not so much the upper class (who preferred to live in New York and Boston). The California Dream meant an improved and more affordable family life: a small but stylish and airy house marked by a fluidity of indoor and outdoor space, such as the ubiquitous California bungalow and a lush backyard—the stage, that is, for quiet family life in a sunny climate. It meant very good jobs, excellent roads, plentiful facilities for outdoor recreation, and the schools and universities that were the best in the world by the 1940s. James M. Cain, an eastern writer who visited the Golden State, reported in 1933 that the archetypal Californian “addresses you in easy grammar, completes his sentences, shows familiarity with good manners, and in addition gives you a pleasant smile.”[15] The phrase “Taking the Cure” was conjured to describe 1950s “u-haul” migrants who, after a year or so pined for home. One drive back home was enough to convince them to stay after all.	cc/2019-30/en_head_0021.json.gz/line12649
__label__wiki	0.690443	0.690443	Vorago – The Peak of Runescape Combat? posted by David on 9th October 2018, at 11:19pm For many high level PvMers in Runescape, Vorago remains to this day the ultimate combat encounter. At the time, Vorago was thought to be the pinnacle of what the Evolution of Combat could offer in terms of advanced mechanics and group PvM. Released on July 3, 2013, I feel it is time to finally celebrate the incredible achievement of Mod Chris L and the rest of his team and ask how Jagex can replicate such a monumental success five years later. For many players who enjoy modern Runescape combat, 2013 was the greatest year in the game’s history. While I wasn’t playing very much then, I didn’t return to membership until October 2014, around the release of Prifddinas, the release of Vorago led to an explosion of fascinating content on YouTube and it made me think about Runescape for the first time in a while. I remember being amazed by the quality of the encounter, how fun it looked, and how complicated the game I used to play in the background of whatever popular flash game was hyped on Miniclip or Addicting Games at the time. (Or pretending to do my homework – I’m sure we’ve all been there). The release of Vorago came in the middle of a crucial year for Jagex. The release of Evolution of Combat in November of 2012 led to a huge split in the community about the direction of the game, especially given the poor optimization and rampant bugs have become synonymous with how people think of EoC even to this day. The year 2013 saw the release of the first boss designed with EoC in mind, the Kalphite King, which some people enjoyed at the time, but unfortunately fell prey to many of the complaints people had about the new system. The encounter was relatively short, could be easily destroyed in a mass, and had clunky mechanics based around interactions with stuns and bleeds, relatively new concepts to Runescape. KK was good for its time, and introduced the first Tier-90 weapons, Drygores, but it was not the long, epic, encounter that was promised. Enter: Vorago. Vorago was the second in the set of three massive group PvM bosses that came out during 2013, the third being Barrows: Rise of the Six, and introduced players to tier 90 magic weapons, the Seismic Wand and Seismic Singularity, weapons that still have a tremendous impact on the PvM meta to this day, and Tectonic armor, tier 90 power armor that still makes up the base for the current best in slot armor in the game. Given the dominance of magic over the other styles, which you can read about in my article, “Unlocking Full Manual: Taking Advantage of the Tick System, Part 1” where I talk about four tick auto-attacking and lossless auto attacks that are only possible with magic, it’s no surprise that Vorago had an advantage over other bosses from this era in terms of longevity and sustained relevance, but the difference in styles can’t account for the fact it’s not even close. Assuming players are very experienced, duo Vorago still retains a GP rate of 25-30m/hr and trio Vorago, which is considered the standard team size in 2018 for most rotations, easily exceeds 15m/hr (per team member) even with terrible luck with drops. There are several key factors that made Vorago unique at the time and makes the boss still highly relevant today. First, diverse and changing mechanics – While Kalphite Queen had two different phases that required different combat styles to take down all the way back in 2004, and the Kalphite King built heavily on this idea with three different combat styles that came with changes in mechanics, Vorago took the concept of unique rotations based on different phases to the next level. In addition to each of the bosses five phases (eleven in Hard Mode) having a totally different set of mechanics, each week the core mechanics for three of those five phases changes as well. With six completely unique sets of mechanics as of the December 2014 Hard Mode update, with each requiring very different strategies to overcome, and all requiring teamwork to take down, the constant changing nature of the boss means it’s hard to ever get bored. After doing thousands of kills and countless more attempts while learning its mechanics or pushing myself to fight the boss with smaller and smaller team sizes, I still don’t find myself ever being bored because each week there is a new set of mechanics that I haven’t faced for six weeks, which keeps it constantly fresh. For those who have fought Araxxor but not Vorago, this is similar to the changing paths but significantly accentuated. Despite its resounding success among the high level community, aside from the aforementioned, relatively minor and less diverse, changes to Araxxor mechanics, this is not a system that has been utilized in the last five years of PvM updates. While bosses like Nex: Angel of Death and Solak have certainly contained a diversity of mechanics and remain engaging, they unfortunately can get stale after a few weeks of repeating them again and again, because put simply, nothing ever changes. Second, flexibility in team size – One of the biggest complaints people have about modern day group bossing has been the rigidity in team sizes. While one could of course fight Yakamaru (10), AoD (7) and Solak (7) with fewer people than is recommended, there is no advantage to be gained by doing so, and the fights are designed so the differences in kill times will be massive. For Vorago, on the other hand, instead of each player getting their own unique drop that is specific to them, Vorago always drops 5 piles of loot. EG if you fight AoD with 5 people you get 5 drops instead of 7, one for each team member, whereas if you fight Vorago with 2 instead of 7, the boss drops 5 piles of loot in either case. For this reason, there is an incentive to become highly skilled at Vorago like no other group boss, because the fewer people you need to take it down, the more money you will make. Additionally, with enough skill, the difference between duo and 5-person teams can be made very marginal, with both team sizes able to get around 4-5 kills/hour depending on the rotation. The reason for this is that three of the five phases are time gated. Phase 1, 2, and 4 – assuming a skilled duo team – will take almost exactly the same amount of time as it would take a team of 50 (the max capacity for Vorago) to take down. In addition to encouraging dedication to excellence, this has also caused drops to maintain their prices, since the same number of drops come into game whether teams are killing it in small teams or in massing. Compare this to Kalphite King for instance, which a mass can take it down in a matter of seconds. Furthermore, this pushing towards smaller teams has resulted in sustained difficulty for the fight. I remember the immense difficulty I had when I first learned to trio Vorago (pre-invention and god books by the way, we were running around in void), and how it almost felt like a completely different fight. In the wake of the massive boost in damage made available with invention, early 2016 became a race for the first ever legit, post-buff, Vorago duo, which was first achieved by Russian Dan and Prince Eric on February 27, 2016, almost three years after its release. The summer of 2016, despite the release of telos and god wars dungeon 2, became dominated by being the first to achieve duo Vorago and 4-man, and eventually trio hard mode (something I didn’t successfully do until spring of 2017), on each of the six rotations. The very first duo hard mode, a feat which only a very small handful – fewer than 6 or 7 at the time of this article – wasn’t achieved for the first time until mid-April of this year, and has only been accomplished on one of the six rotations. Finally, the loot – I’ve already mentioned this above, so I’ll be brief here, but the combination of tectonic energies being the primary source of income and also the basis for best in slot armor even to this day, along with the time gated nature of the boss, capping at around 5 kills/hour regardless of the number of people in the kill, has sustained Vorago as one of the game’s most consistent money makers. Following Solak, Telos, and Angel of Death, Vorago is easily the 4th best money maker in the game, which is incredible given that other bosses from its era, such as KK, are worse than Queen Black Dragon. I hope that Jagex will again put in the work to make the next Vorago. In terms of mechanic complexity, Solak is probably the closest they have come, and is certainly a great effort. However, the incentive to push towards smaller teams, to truly become an absolute expert in every single mechanic, the race towards increasingly difficult feats, and the sustained longevity of Vorago may never be repeated again. Many people remember the release of EoC and the year or two after being a disaster for the game. For PvMers, it was a golden era that will may never again be replicated by any game we will ever play. This article is filed under Runescape. You can follow any responses to this entry through the RSS 2.0 feed. You can discuss this article on our forums.	cc/2019-30/en_head_0021.json.gz/line12651
__label__wiki	0.812034	0.812034	#TbT – Empress Zewditu, the first Female Head of State of the Ethiopian Empire I read this article and found it very interesting, thought it might be something for you. The article is called #TbT – Empress Zewditu, the first Female Head of State of the Ethiopian Empireand is located athttps://innov8tiv.com/tbt-empress-zewditu-the-first-female-head-of-state-of-the-ethiopian-empire/. Ethiopia is now the talk among feminist circles around the globe after its recent nomination of Sahle Zewde as President. But one should not be too quick to call her the first Female President of Ethiopia, as that title was long taken by the Empress Zewditu who ruled Ethiopia from 1916 to 1930. Empress Zewditu was the eldest daughter of Negus (King) Menelik of Shewa, and her administration is said to be of staunch conservatism and strong devotion to religion. She was married off at a very tender age to Ras Araya Selassie Yohannes the son and heir of Emperor Yohannes IV. Their marriage was perfectly aligned with both families political interest. Zewditu’s father Menelik himself arranged for the marriage as he agreed to submit to the rule of Yohannes. Though the marriage lasted for just two years, as Ras Selassie dies in 1888, and Yahannes had to send back Zewditu to her parents’ home; she was sent off with a valuable heard of cattle as a show of affection by her in-laws. Zewditu path to Power After her first marriage to the Yahannes, she had two other brief marriages before marrying her stepmother’s nephew Ras Gugsa Welle, who was an army commander and a member of the royal family. Then in 1889, the Emperor Yahannis IV died at the Battle of Metemma, and Zewditu’s father Negus Menelik of Shewa assumed power and the Emperor of Ethiopia. Menelik of Shewa ruled for 24 years, and upon his death, Lij Iyazu (son to Zewditu’s half-sister) took the throne after he was declared the heir to his grandfather’s crown. After Iyazu took power, he exiled Zewditu and her husband to the countryside as she was a threat to his rule. But as fate would have it, Iyazu was never crowned, mostly due to the fact that he was not popular with the people. As he was deemed to have an unstable behavior for nobility and the church itself was suspicious of him having abandoned the ways of religion. It was an uphill task for him to take the crown, and was eventually removed and Zewditu crown in 1916. Negiste Negest (Queen of Kings) Zewditu’s official title was Negiste Negets (the Queen of Kings) though her rule was regency. She was not allowed to exercise the power that comes with being crowned, so her cousin Ras Tafari Makonnen was appointed the regent. As things would play out, Tafari Makonnen and Zewditu had a varying approach on how the direction Ethiopia should take. While Makonnen backed by the nobles were of the view Ethiopia should embrace the rest of the world and progress in its technology revolution. The Empress Zewditu backed by the church was of the view Ethiopia should remain conservative and closed off to the rest of the world. Empress Zewditu therefor became less relevant in the day-to-day politics of the then Ethiopia, though she was very active in the religious activities in the country. On the other hand, Ras Tafari was at the epicenter of the then Ethiopian politics and was on the front line in the abolishment of slavery Ras Tafari was a reformist whose changes reform agenda rubbed some people the wrong way, and hence there were many attempts to replace him. However, he ironically got strong support from Empress Zewditu despite their differences. Empress Zewditu passed away in 1930 under unclear circumstances and Ras Tafari succeeded her and became Negus Makonnen and took on the name of Emperor Haile Selassie from then on. Empress Zewditu was the last monarch in direct agnatic descent from the Solomonic dynasty, which is also referred to as the House of Solomon. The former ruling Imperial House of the Ethiopian Empire, in which members claim patrilineal descent from the King of Solomon and Queen of Sheba in the Bible. EthiopiaWomen In BusinessWomen in PoliticsWomen in PowerWomen In Tech GoBigHub crowdfunding platform helping SMEs in Uganda fill the financial gaps in fulfilling their orders Opera for Android 48 comes with Cookie Dialog Blocker Proud Kenyan Citizen, loving everything Tech related.	cc/2019-30/en_head_0021.json.gz/line12652
__label__cc	0.55537	0.44463	Physical properties of Cd doped CeIrIn under pressure Ryoma Tsunoda1, Yusuke Hirose2, Rikio Settai2, Yusuke Hirose2, Rikio Settai2 1Graduate School of Science and Technology, Niigata University, Niigata 950-2181, Japan 2Department of Physics, Niigata University, Niigata 950-2181, Japan Ryoma Tsunoda, Yusuke Hirose, Rikio Settai, Yusuke Hirose, Rikio Settai title = {Physical properties of Cd doped CeIrIn under pressure}, author = {Ryoma Tsunoda and Yusuke Hirose and Rikio Settai and Yusuke Hirose and Rikio Settai}, AU - Ryoma, Tsunoda AU - Yusuke, Hirose AU - Rikio, Settai TI - Physical properties of Cd doped CeIrIn under pressure We measured the electrical resistivity ρ of CeIr(In1−xCdx)5 under pressure for x = 0.05 and 0.10, which show the onset of superconductivity (SC) at Tsconset ~ 0.9 K and antiferromagnetic transition at TN ~ 3.4 K. For x = 0.05, Tsconset increases by applying pressure up to 2.8 GPa and zero resistivity is observed at Tscρ=0 above 2.4 GPa. For x = 0.10, the pressure dependence of TN shows peak at around 2 GPa and TN seems to be 0 K toward 3 GPa, where SC phase appears. The maximum value of Tscρ=0 is independent on amount of doped Cd, showing 1.35 K. We analyzed the temperature dependence of the electrical resistivity ρ for x = 0.05 and 0.10 under pressure using the following equation, ρ = ρ0 + ATn. This analysis revealed that ρ shows the sublinear temperature dependence (n < 1) in the wide temperature region above Tscρ=0, and ρ0 decreases abruptly in the pressure region where Tscρ=0 indicates a maximum. 1 H. Hegger, C. Petrovic, E. G. Moshopoulou, M. F. Hundley, J. L. Sarrao, Z. Fisk, and J. D. Thompson, Phys. Rev. Lett. 84, 4986 (2000). 2 C. Petrovic, P. G. Pagliuso, M. F. Hundley, R. Movshovich, J. L. Sarrao, J. D. Thompson, Z. Fisk, and P. Monthoux, J. Phys.: Condens. Matter 13, L337 (2001). 3 L. D. Pham, T. Park, S. Maquilon, J. D. Thompson, and Z. Fisk, Phys. Rev. Lett. 97, 056404 (2006). 4 T. Moriya and T. Takimoto, J. Phys. Soc. Jpn. 64, 960 (1995). 5 V. A. Sidorov, M. Nicklas, P. G. Pagliuso, J. L. Sarrao, Y. Bang, A. V. Balatsky, and J. D. Thompson, Phys. Rev. Lett. 89, 157004 (2002). 6 C. Petrovic, R. Movshovich, M. Jaime, P. G. Pagliuso, M. F. Hundley, J. L. Sarrao, Z. Fisk, and J. D. Thompson, Europhys. Lett. 53, 354 (2001). 7 S. Kawasaki, G.-q. Zheng, H. Kan, Y. Kitaoka, H. Shishido, and Y. Onuki, Phys. Rev. Lett. 94, 037007 (2005). 8 T. Muramatsu, T. Kobayashi, K. Shimizu, K. Amaya, D. Aoki, Y. Haga, and Y. Onuki, Physica C 388–389, 539 (2003). 9 M. Nicklas, V. A. Sidorov, H. A. Borges, P. G. Pagliuso, J. L. Sarrao, and J. D. Thompson, Phys. Rev. Lett. 70, 0202505 (2004). 10 M. Yashima, N. Tagami, S. Taniguchi, T. Unemori, K. Uematsu, H. Mukuda, Y. Kitaoka, Y. Ota, F. Honda, R. Settai, and Y. Onuki, Phys. Rev. Lett. 109, 117001 (2012). 11 S. Kambe, H. Sakai, Y. Tokunaga, and R. E. Walstedt, Phys. Rev. B 82, 144503 (2010). 12 Y. Chen, W. B. Jiang, C. Y. Guo, F. Ronning, E. D. Bauer, T. Park, H. Q. Yuan, Z. Fisk, J. D. Thompson, and X. Lu, Phys. Rev. Lett. 114, 146403 (2015). 13 T. Shang, R. E. Baumbach, K. Gofryk, F. Ronning, Z. F. Weng, J. L. Zhang, X. Lu, E. D. Bauer, J. D. Thompson, and H. Q. Yuan, Phys. Rev. B 89, 041101 (2014). 14 Y. Kasahara, T. Iwasawa, Y. Shimizu, H. Shishido, T. Shibauchi, I. Vekhter, and Y. Matsuda, Phys. Rev. Lett. 100, 207003 (2008). 15 S. Kittaka, Y. Aoki, T. Sakakibara, A. Sakai, S. Nakatsuji, Y. Tsutsumi, M. Ichioka, and K. Machida, Phys. Rev. B 85, 060505(R) (2012). 16 K. Miyake, J. Phys.: Condens. Matter 19, 125201 (2007). 17 T. Park, V. A. Sidorov, F. Ronning, J.-X. Zhu, Y. Tokiwa, H. Lee, E. D. Bauer, R. Movshovich, J. L. Sarrao, and J. D. Thompson, Nature 456, 366 (2008). 18 S. Araki, R. Settai, T. C. Kobayashi, and Y. Onuki, J. Magn. Magn. Mater. 226–230, 80 (2001). 19 Y. Dalichaouch, M. C. de Andrade, D. A. Gajewski, R. Chau, P. Visani, and M. B. Maple, Phys. Rev. Lett. 75, 3938 (1995). 20 V. A. Sidorov, X. Lu, T. Park, H. Lee, P. H. Tobash, R. E. Baumbach, F. Ronning, E. D. Bauer, and J. D. Thompson, Phys. Rev. B 88, 020503 (2013).	cc/2019-30/en_head_0021.json.gz/line12658
__label__cc	0.6994	0.3006	Tel: (617) 523-1500 \| Fax: (617) 523-2400 \| Schedule a Consultation U.S. Immigration with a Global Reach Practice AreasJose Miranda2017-07-20T20:53:18+00:00 Consular Processing EB-5 Deportation Defense Asylum and Humanitarian Relief Representation in Criminal Court Joyce & Associates specializes in family-based immigration processes, which is one of the more common ways for immigrants to obtain lawful status in the United States. If you are a United States citizen or permanent resident, Joyce & Associates can assist you in petitioning for permanent residency (green card status) for your qualifying family members (form I-130). U.S. citizens can petition for their children, parents, spouses, and siblings. Lawful permanent residents can petition for their unmarried children, and spouses. The immigration law breaks family members of United States citizens and lawful permanent residents into different categories to prioritize their immigration. These categories are based on whether the petitioner is a citizen or a lawful permanent resident, whether the foreign national is married, unmarried, or under 21, and other factors. There are often long waits for family-based immigration visas because of numerical limitations for the different categories. It’s best to have strong legal representation to help you navigate this complicated system, especially because time is often of the essence in these cases. Our expertise also extends to fiancé visas (form I-129F) and removing conditions on a permanent resident spouse’s conditional greencard (form I-751). These processes have very strict deadlines associated with them, which is yet another reason to have excellent representation. We strongly advise that you seek legal counsel for help with family-based immigration processes. The system can be very complex, and is best navigated with an outstanding lawyer. The attorneys at Joyce & Associates have extensive experience handling all types of family-based immigration processes. Contact us to schedule a consultation today Waivers of inadmissibility, often known as “pardons,” are commonly needed for foreign nationals who want to obtain their green card, but have a problem in their immigration or criminal history standing in their way. Waivers cure grounds of “inadmissibility” (legal barriers) to re-entering the United States on a visa or obtaining a green card in the United States. Many waivers require that we show that the foreign national has a qualifying relative who would suffer “extreme hardship” if the foreign national is not permitted to immigrate to the United States. A wide range of immigration issues, personal issues, or criminal issues can lead to the need for a waiver. Prior deportation orders, periods of unlawful presence in the United States, and past criminal convictions for “crimes involving moral turpitude” are examples of reasons that you may need a waiver in your immigration process. In March of 2013, the United States Citizenship and Immigration Service (“USCIS”) announced the Provisional Waiver (I-601A) program. This program helps foreign nationals who are the spouse or parent of United States citizens (or parents of U.S. citizens who are over 21), who must consular process in order to obtain their residency in the United States (likely individuals who entered the United States without a visa), and whose only inadmissibility issue is unlawful presence (being in the United States for more than 6 months without permission). If those conditions are met, the foreign national may apply for an I-601A provisional unlawful presence waiver before leaving the United States to process through a consulate abroad. The applicant must demonstrate that they have a United States citizen qualifying relative (spouse or parent) who will suffer extreme hardship if they are found inadmissible. This program was designed to help minimize the wait time and uncertainty that many foreign nationals face when consular processing with waivers. In July of 2015, the U.S. Department of Homeland Security announced plans to expand the provisional waiver program to additional categories of foreign nationals. Stay tuned to the Joyce & Associates news page for announcements about this potential expansion of the provisional waiver program. Joyce & Associates has handled hundreds of waiver cases successfully. We specialize in working with your family to develop a waiver strategy that is unique and compelling. Schedule a consultation today to learn whether you are eligible to seek a waiver to cure an inadmissibility issue in your case. Joyce & Associates can assist foreign nationals who wish to come to the United States to work, either temporarily as a “non-immigrant,” or permanently through employment-based permanent residency processes. We represent companies who wish to petition for their employees, as well as individuals who are seeking employment-based immigration solutions. For temporary stays in the United States, we can help you with: E-1 – Treaty trader, spouse, and children E-2 – Treaty investor, spouse, and children H-1B visas – Specialist/professional, Department of Defense worker, and fashion model H-2B visas – Temporary worker J-1 visas – Exchange visitor L-1A – Multinational organization executive or manager L-1B visas – Multinational organization specialized knowledge worker O-1 visas – Person of extraordinary ability in sciences, arts, education, business or athletics R-1 visas – Religious worker TN visas – Canadian and Mexican professionals For permanent residency, we can assist you with: First employment-based preference (EB-1) – For persons of extraordinary ability, outstanding professors and researchers, and certain executives and managers of international organizations Second employment-based preference (EB-2) – For foreign nationals with advanced degrees and foreign nationals of exceptional ability whose work is in the national interest Third employment-based preference (EB-3) – For skilled workers, professionals, and other workers Fourth employment-based preference (EB-4) – For religious workers Fifth employment-based preference (EB-5) – For investors We also prepare F-1 student petitions and B-2 business traveler petitions. Consular processing refers to the process of obtaining a visa to come to the United States through an American consulate abroad. Joyce & Associates has helped foreign nationals obtain visas at U.S. consulates all over the world, from Guangzhou, China to Rio De Janeiro, Brazil. We can help you obtain either an immigrant visa – for foreign nationals who want to obtain a green card in the United States, or a non-immigrant visa – for foreign nationals who want to visit the United States for a temporary period (e.g. on a student visa, or tourist visa). For many people seeking to come to, or remain in the United States, consular processing is the best or only option. Many foreign nationals can benefit from consular processing. For example, many people who entered the United States without a visa and later married U.S. citizens will be required to return to their home countries before reentering as permanent residents. Also, anyone already outside the United States who wishes to come to the U.S., whether temporarily or permanently, will first need to apply for a visa at a consulate. Many people who are already in the United States, have traveled to the United States previously, or even applied to come to the U.S. before, will be required to apply for “waivers” together with their consular process. Many types of immigration issues or past criminal problems can lead to the need for a waiver in conjunction with your consular process. Joyce & Associates has a very high degree of success in obtaining inadmissibility waivers for our clients. Visit our waivers page to learn more. Consular processing, like any immigration process, can be confusing and is full of pitfalls. We strongly recommend that you consult with one of our attorneys to discuss the process and whether it is a good option for you, your employee, or your loved one. The attorneys at Joyce & Associates have extensive experience with consular processing and will work with you throughout the entire process to ensure you know your options and have the best possible chance of success. Joyce & Associates is experienced in representing immigrant investors in Direct Investment EB-5s, Regional Center EB-5s, and complicated cases involving Troubled Business Qualifications. If you are a foreign national and have invested in, or are planning an investment in an American company of at least $500,000 in a Targeted Employment Area, or $1,000,000 in a non-targeted employment area, contact us today to schedule a meeting to discuss your options for filing an EB-5 Immigrant Investor visa. Joyce & Associates has represented countless foreign nationals in removal proceedings, commonly known as immigration court or deportation proceedings. If you have received a Notice to Appear or a hearing notice to appear in immigration court, we strongly advise that you schedule a consultation to meet with one of our attorneys to discuss your case. All of our attorneys have experience handling complex cases before the immigration courts, the Board of Immigration Appeals and Circuit Courts. Removal proceedings are the process that the American government goes through to determine whether a foreign national should be permitted to legally remain in the United States. We know that this is a scary process for our clients and their families, and we are very experienced at helping our clients avoid deportation through outstanding defense in immigration court. If you are in immigration court proceedings, there are many options that may be available to you, including: Cancellation of Removal (commonly known as “The Ten Year Law”), Adjustment of Status, Prosecutorial Discretion, Waivers of Inadmissibility, Asylum, or Withholding of Removal. If you are afraid that you have received a removal order (“deportation letter” or “deportation order”) in the past, we can help you find out whether that is the case, and advise you on whether there are means available to seek that your court process be reopened. Outstanding legal representation is the best investment you can make if you or your loved one is facing removal proceedings. Contact us to schedule a consultation today. Naturalization is the process of becoming a United States citizen. Naturalization is the final step to permanently immigrating to the United States, and we are proud to have seen many of our clients all the way through their immigration process, culminating in citizenship. Joyce & Associates assists lawful permanent residents (green card holders) in becoming United States citizens. For those lawful permanent residents who are married to and residing with their U.S. citizen spouse, they will become eligible for naturalization three years after obtaining their resident status. For all other lawful permanent residents, they will become eligible for naturalization five years after obtaining their resident status. In addition to the requirement that you have your green card for a specific period of time, there are other requirements in order to be eligible to apply for naturalization. These requirements are based upon age, residence and physical presence, criminal history, English language skills, and United States government and history knowledge. At Joyce & Associates, we can help you determine whether you qualify to apply for naturalization. If you are eligible, we will assist in preparing the N-400 Application for Naturalization as well as prepare you for your naturalization interview. Naturalization can be a complicated process, but we have helped many clients naturalize, even in complex cases. Contact us today to see if you are eligible to proceed with naturalization. Asylum Processing Joyce & Associates is proud to represent vulnerable individuals in need of protection in the United States. We have represented countless survivors of persecution, abuse, and domestic violence in humanitarian forms of immigration relief before USCIS, the immigration courts, and appellate courts. Asylum: Asylum is a form of humanitarian protection given to individuals who fear persecution in their home country because of a specific, protected reason. An individual may also be eligible for withholding of removal or relief under the Convention Against Torture if asylum is unavailable. Time is of the essence in asylum cases, as applicants must file within one year of arriving in the United States, or seek an exception to that rule. We have represented clients from all over the world and all walks of life in their asylum cases. The key to success in these cases is preparing a detailed and thorough application through extensive work with our clients and knowledge of conditions in the client’s home country. Contact us to schedule a consultation if you or someone you know fears persecution in their country. Violence Against Women Act (“VAWA”): Relief under the Violence Against Women Act is available to foreign nationals who were abused by their citizen or lawful permanent resident spouses. If you were the victim of domestic violence or are currently in an abusive relationship, schedule a consultation today to discuss your options. U-visas: U-visas are available to some foreign nationals who have been the victims of certain crimes in the United States, and cooperated with law enforcement in prosecuting the crime. U-visas can be a path to a green-card in the United States. If you were the victim of a violent crime and cooperated with law enforcement in prosecuting that crime, contact us to schedule a consultation. Special Immigrant Juveniles (“SIJS”): Special Immigrant Juvenile Status (SIJS) is a process available to some immigrant children in the United States who were the victims of abuse, abandonment, or neglect by one or both of their parents. SIJS status is a two-step process requiring representation in probate and family court, followed by an I-360 application for Special Immigrant Juvenile status with USCIS. If the I-360 is approved, these children will be able to file for their green card in the United States. Joyce & Associates has experience representing children both in probate court and before USCIS and the immigration court in SIJS cases. If you know a child who may be eligible to pursue this process, contact us to schedule a consultation. Joyce & Associates specializes in family law issues involving immigrants and represents foreign nationals and their family members in the Massachusetts Probate and Family Courts. We have represented clients in divorce, proxy divorce and marriage affirmation, and guardianship actions for Special Immigrant Juveniles. There is often a direct correlation between immigration and family law issues. Joyce & Associates is well versed in the law for all of these issues and can provide both legal advice and assistance involving these types of matters. Criminal Immigration Representation Joyce & Associates helps foreign nationals with criminal convictions and those with pending criminal charges. Criminal issues can have drastic consequences on the immigration status of foreign nationals, even those who already have their green-cards. Often, what appears to be a simple resolution of an offense in criminal court has unexpected, and harsh immigration consequences. Certain convictions can result in a foreign national’s ineligibility for naturalization, and his or her inadmissibility or removal (deportation) from the United States. We evaluate a foreign national’s open criminal charges and his or her criminal history for any negative immigration consequences. We represent foreign nationals in defending against open criminal charges that could impact their current immigration status and/or eligibility for immigration relief. Our litigation team also specializes in post-conviction relief in the event that an unfair plea impacts a foreign national’s eligibility for citizenship or other immigrant benefits. Our Team is has represented non-citizens in District and Superior Court with the following criminal court matters: Drug and Narcotics Violations Larceny Charges Domestic Violence Charges Assault & Battery Charges RMV Violations Firearms violations 51A- Related Charges Copyright 2019 Joyce & Associates, P.C. Designed by BlueBird Web Designs This website is intended to provide general information and not legal advice. Nothing on this website should be construed as legal advice, and it does not create an attorney-client relationship between Joyce & Associates and the reader. 205 Portland Street, 3rd Floor Phone Line for Mandarin and Cantonese Speakers: (617) 523-0718	cc/2019-30/en_head_0021.json.gz/line12659
__label__cc	0.692834	0.307166	パーツ iPhone iPhone 6s Plus A1687 iFixit Exclusives iPhone 6s Plus A1687 iFixit Exclusives iPhone 6s Plus A1687で使用されているパーツ： iHold EVO Flexible LCD holder A1687 iPhone 6s model is compatible with LTE bands 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 7, 8, 12, 13, 17, 18, 19, 20, 25, 26, 27, 28, 29, (but not 30) in addition to TD-LTE bands 38, 39, 40, and 41 — is intended for Sprint and Verizon as well as sold with a T-Mobile nano-SIM in the United States and a wide variety of carriers in Canada, Europe, Asia, and elsewhere worldwide. The most commonly needed repairs for the iPhone 6s Plus are cracked screens and dead battery replacements. iFixit carries the best iPhone 6s Plus screens and iPhone 6s Plus batteries on the market, plus a complete catalog of other iPhone 6s Plus parts for the less common fixes. All iPhone 6s repairs will require a Pentalobe P2 screwdriver in addition to standard precision electronics tools. Any repair that removes the battery from the chassis will require replacement adhesive strips. All iFixit Fix Kits come with all tools and replacement adhesive need to complete the repair. Once all parts and tools have been acquired, check out iFixit’s iPhone 6s Plus repair guides for step-by-step instructions on how to make the fix. The iPhone 6s Plus earned a 7 out of 10 in iFixit’s repairability assessment. Watch the Teardown Review for more:	cc/2019-30/en_head_0021.json.gz/line12661
__label__wiki	0.524359	0.524359	Häagen-Dazs® Ice Cream Super-Premium, Super-Delicious, All Natural Who loves ice cream? We love ice cream! As you know, we love to make homemade ice cream and have featured an article on this subject that is so close to our heart. But, in this busy world, not everyone has the time or inclination to make homemade ice cream. That doesn't mean you have to do without this popular, world-wide favorite; just keep a container of ready-made ice cream in the freezer. We do! Today, with the advance of technology, commercially produced ice cream can, and sometimes does, taste homemade. There are many good brands on the market and one that passes our taste test is Häagen-Dazs. The history of this company is a tribute to the talent, ingenuity and work ethic of our immigrant forefathers. The name, Häagen-Dazs, has a Scandinavian ring to it – correct? Well, that could not be further from the truth. In fact, this popular ice cream was created in, none other, New York. The founders of the company were European born Reuben and Rose Mattus, who both came to the United States with their parents in 1921. Reuben started out selling fruit ice and ice cream pops from a horse-drawn wagon. When the two were married in 1936, Rose joined her young husband in the family business. Rose and Reuben sold their products to small candy stores and neighborhood restaurants in the Bronx. This was not an overnight success story for the Mattus' and it took forty years before Mattus started his own ice cream company. His new product was a dense, richly textured, luxury ice cream and contained real ingredients for the flavoring – a super premium ice cream. In the beginning, it was only available in containers at gourmet shops in New York City, but soon distribution expanded throughout the east coast of the U.S. In 1976, Mr. Mattus' daughter Doris opened the first Häagen-Dazs scoop shop. It was an immediate success, and its popularity led to a rapid expansion of Häagen-Dazs scoop shops across the country. The rest as they, "is history"– ice cream history that is. Today, this super-premium ice cream brand is available is 54 countries and includes Sorbet, Frozen Yogurt, Ice Cream Bars and Single Serve Cups. What started out with 3 flavors – vanilla, chocolate and coffee – has expanded to 65! The U.S. retail grocery, club and convenience store products are OU-D Kosher certified. Häagen-Dazs Shops and all restaurant products are not necessarily certified Kosher, due to the utensils used and other ingredients used in serving the frozen dessert or drink. We celebrate National Ice Cream Day with a salute to Häagen-Dazs Ice Cream – a leader in the ice cream industry and a KosherEye favorite. Häagen-Dazs Ice Cream would like to thank its loyal followers by offering a 12 month supply of free ice cream coupons – 12 coupons – to one lucky winner of the KosherEye Random Drawing. Random Drawing Rules: It starts today, National Ice Cream Day – July 18th – and concludes midnight, Sunday, July 25th. What do you have to do to enter? Just tell us your favorite Häagen-Dazs Ice Cream flavor. That's it! Enter to win 12 free coupons just by telling us your favorite flavor. There are a wide range of flavors and there is bound to be one that suites your taste – we have been devoted followers of Rum Raisin and Vanilla Swiss Almond. Enjoy the following Haagen-Dazs recipes for Raspberry Ice Cream Torte and Creme de Menthe Coupe. For additional product information, please visit HaagenDazs.com. Happy National Ice Cream Day from Häagen-Dazs and KosherEye! Ice Cream Rules!	cc/2019-30/en_head_0021.json.gz/line12664
__label__wiki	0.871858	0.871858	Patty Cowden Named Overall Women of Influence March 13, 2017 March 12, 2017 Jena Colbourne cold lake, Gwen Lepine-Morissette, Kathryn Hotte, Megan Bailey, Patty Cowden, Women of Influence Awards Women celebrated in 5th annual awards event Patty Cowden was named the Overall Women of Influence at the 5th Annual awards ceremony in Cold Lake. The Women of Influence Awards recognize females who had made a positive impact on the community. With 31 women nominated in four categories, master of ceremonies for the event, Stephanie Oleksyn of Todd & Drake LLP said the event was, “the best yet.” Infused into the event this year was an interactive theatre production put on by Grande Parlour Productions. Actresses representing influential women throughout history mingled with the crowd at the Cold Lake Ag Society building before the awards ceremony, as well as addressed the crowd prior to individual award presentations. The four historical women never broke character while interacting with the audience throughout the evening and capped the night with a production once the awards were presented. The historical females made a fantastic touch to the event and really brought home the contributions females have made to the country. The event featured keynote speaker and the 2016 Overall Woman of Influence, Patricia Coulter. The local artist, who has received both national and international acclaim, spoke on the perseverance of females and finding your inner voice. Patricia got personal with the crowd, speaking of how her artistic voice came to life following the sudden death of her 22 year old daughter. It was then she revisited a love for painting. I’ve been a firm believer in goal-setting, for years. I’m hopeful for what will happen and grateful for what does. – Patricia Coulter 2016 Overall Woman of Influence Award Recipient 2017 Women of Influence Award Recipients Awards were presented in four categories Arts & Culture, Business & Professional, Community & Volunteerism, and Health & Wellness. The Overall Women of Influence Award was chosen from all the nominees and presented at the end of the ceremonies. Arts & Culture: Megan Bailey Sponsored by Todd & Drake LLP, was introduced by Mary Pickford. Born in 1892, in Toronto, Mary Pickford the first international film star. Arts & Culture: Megan Bailey (centre) Mother of two, Megan Bailey is a teacher at Nelson Heights elementary school in Cold Lake; where she is known for spreading the joy of music with her students. “This is very, very unexpected,” Megan says she is very honoured to receive the award. “I think about my family and the contributions they gave to me. I remember my father when I was very young, seeing my first live performance and i was very engaged. At one time one of the performers came off the stage and said something to me,” Megan can’t recall exactly what was said to her, but contributes this moment in her life with driving her passion for the arts, “years later I would be charging a nickle for family members to come watch me dance in the rumpus room.” Dance lessons grew Megan’s passion, which her father recognized and helped her discover her musical abilities. “When I’m working with my students and the impact that I have with them; those light bulb moments. It all comes full circle.” Business & Professional: Kathryn Hotte Dee Brasseur needed no actresses to represent her at the awards, the one of world’s two first female F-18 fighter pilots, made a special appearance at the ceremony and helped present the second award of the evening; Business & Professional, sponsored by the Lakeland Credit Union. “The contributes of women in business, has been and will continue to be, imperative to the continued growth of our society,” Brasseur commends the women who have help lead and stepped into roles that may not have been traditional female fields. “When I joined the military in 1972, women were not even permitted to become pilots; at all,” Brasseur said she could not – and ultimately did not accept that. By 1979, Brasseur had been accepted into pilot training and by the time she retired in 1994 she had logged over 2,500 hours of jet flying. Brasseur was a perfect introduction to Kathryn Hotte. Known in the community for being a driving force behind entrepreneurship and business growth. Kathryn is one of the spearheads behind the Wisdom & Opportunities for Women (WOW) groups. The networking and professional group hold monthly workshops that help females expand in the business community. A small business adviser at the Rural Alberta Business Centre (RABC), Kathryn says she is impressed and driven every day with her clients, “to see amount of talent that comes through our doors.” Kathryn’s contributions to the business community in the Lakeland area have been unmatched, “we focus on women, we focus on the youth, I help businesses get started and I help your business grow.” Community & Volunteerism: Gwen Lepine-Morissette Sponsored by the Lakeland United Way and introduced by Jane Costance Cook. Born in 1870, to the Kwa’waka’wakw tribe in British Columbia, Cook was instrumental in bringing rights and resources to indigenous people. Recipient Gwen Lepine-Morissette says her driving force is reflecting on what kind of community she wants to leave for her children and grandchildren. “I have six kids. What I believe is that, if I don’t try, then there’s nothing left for my kids or grandkids. I was raised in Cold Lake, this is where I want to raise my family. I love this community.” Gwen sits on the board of the Dr. Margaret Savage Crisis Centre, the Elizabeth Settlement School Board, the Elizabeth Settlement Ball Club, Wellness Committee, Restorative Committee, and also acts as an administrator for the Youth Justice Committee. Gwen is known for being a resource for individuals trying to understand the legal system. Health & Wellness: Christina Kean Sponsored by CG Medical Imaging and introduced by Dr. Emily Stowe, born to a farm family in Ontario in 1831. Stowe was a driving force behind the Canadian women suffrage movement and women’s rights. She campaigned for the first women’s medical college in the country after being denied entry in medical school at other universities and ultimately gained her medical degree. Christina Kean, is a teacher, mother of two and a military wife. She heads a self-esteem group for teens, as well as a postpartum group for mothers who may be suffering. Christina is working on becoming a doula and has been working with women during pregnancy and delivery. “I moved to Cold Lake nine years ago and I never knew what this community could offer,” Christina says the city opened for her, “it’s true that everybody is your neighbour.” Christina says she works at filling all her roles, “I’m a teacher, a counselor and a doula. I try to help women through thick and difficult times to work through it.” Christina says her contributions are made possible thanks to family, friends, and co-workers, “I’m so grateful and so honoured that I have a large support system.” 2017 Overall Woman of Influence: Patty Cowden Sponsored by Superior Concrete & Pumping, introducing the award was Nellie McClung, a Canadian feminist, politician, author, and social activist from the early 1900s. “This award is given to a woman who has the tenacity, energy and fortitude to seek success for herself, her employees and her community,” MC Stephanie Oleksyn explains the woman is chosen from the 31 nominees, “she has demonstrated outstanding leadership and set the standards for originality and successful management. Patty Cowden was named the Overall Woman of Influence. Patty holds a degree in International & Cultural Studies and has assisted and been a part of a number of non-profit organizations to improve to lives of the people in the community. Some of those organizations include, Habitat for Humanity, Victim Services, UN High Commission for Refugees, World Vision, FCSS and the Boys & Girls Club of Bonnyville. She started a fund to give scholarships that support Metis students in the Lakeland; last year that foundation donated over $12,000. Patty is currently working to complete her doctorate in Child Psychology and has been invited to Harvard University to speak on her research. “Last year has been a big year for me and my team,” Patty contributes her success to “a whole bunch of people behind me. A big thank you to the Sweet Oil team, film productions. For inspiring me and always standing beside me to tell a great story, that we have in the Lakeland.” Patty Cowden and the Kinosoo Film Productions team have been invited to one of the biggest film festivals in the world to debut their short film, Sweet Oil, which was filmed in Bonnyville. Our talent is never small – Patty Cowden 2017 Overall Woman of Influence “Thank you to the children at the Boys & Girls Club of Bonnyville. The always influence me and they’ve been a big help and source of will-power for me”. Patty also thanks her husband, Chris, for “always going along with my crazy ideas and supporting me.” Patty recalls a teacher she had in Thailand that told her she would never be able to speak English because she couldn’t pronounce ‘orange’, to this she laughs, “how do you like me know?!” ← Canadiens Enter Game 6 with 3-2 Lead over T-Birds What’s New at the Bonnyville Library → LOCATED Lloydminster girl Leanna Montruil could have ties to Bonnyville area Cold Lake RCMP on scene at firearms complaint Cold Lake Health Auxiliary donates piano tuning to long term care July 17, 2019 Press Release 0	cc/2019-30/en_head_0021.json.gz/line12667
__label__wiki	0.515697	0.515697	August 31, 2012 in religion \| Leave a comment Redeemingmoments Have I therefore become your enemy because I tell you the truth? Gal 4:16 Do not judge according to appearance, but ►judge with righteous judgment. John 5:24 Have any of you experienced being un-friended on Facebook by someone who is angry or maybe disillusioned with you speaking the truth? Or blocked? Or maybe you had to block in order to protect others from someone’s confusing teaching? Have you been called a false teacher? Maybe even been called something that shocked you? (Jezebel seems to be the one, that I most often get called, and usually by loadship, lawkeepers or fundamentalist KJVO pastors). Have you been railed against? Called names, rejected, or gossiped about for speaking against error? RAISING MY HAND! ► Have you been told you maybe are too judgmental or condemning? YEP AND DEFINITELY YEP. ► Have they discerned your motives and found them wanting? You always… This is great information from M’kayla m'kayla's korner With all that is taking place between Bethel, International Association of Healing Rooms and the ongoing healing ministries/ministers who think they have a special gift of healing – this new research site on SOZO is going up. Pass it along! Bethel SOZO Research Group eternityisforever This post is going to be hard to do for several reasons. One of which is the fact that I could very well upset some people and possibly lose friends over. I don’t know if it will happen, but I feel the need to get this off my chest regardless of what others think. To start off with, I’m getting so fed up with people calling us bible believing Christians “haters” for speaking out about homosexuality. Just because we say we don’t believe in the homosexual lifestyle it doesn’t mean we hate homosexual people. I really wish people would understand that instead of just accusing us of hating homosexual people. Most Christians will tell you that they don’t “hate” homosexual people, and that is probably true. I don’t hate homosexual people. I just don’t believe it is natural. It clearly says in the bible that it is an abomination and… This is good article by Rev. Robert S. Liichow, a Lutheran pastor. I was concerned about Yoga being offered at Holden Village, a Lutheran retreat in the state of Washington. Discernment Ministries International Truth Matters Newsletters – July 2007 – Vol. 12 Issue 7 – The Discipline of Biblical Meditation – By Rev. Robert S. Liichow By Rev. Robert S. Liichow The Discipline of Biblical Meditation We live in a time when it seems our every waking moment is filled with chatter from our televisions, car stereos, ipods and cell phones. I received a newsletter, whose banner line is “is there enough silence for the Word to be heard,” which is a great question in today’s sensory overloaded society. Meditation is somewhat of a lost “art” to many of us because of how we live, yet it is an ancient Biblical discipline that can bear great spiritual fruit in our lives…if we will take the time to be silent and ponder the Words of God. What Meditation Is Not “Meditation,” when we hear this word today we… QUACKING away… August 16, 2012 in Church, discernment, faith, Life \| Leave a comment Posted on August 16, 2012 by M’Kayla The following story came in as a comment a short while ago. I loved this little story so much I wanted to give it a special place here. Enjoy! This is off topic just a bit, and I know M’Kayla has answered it before on this sight. For those who want to label us as judgmental, it is something to consider. For those who post on this sight, I hope it makes you smile. We have a small flock of ducks on our property. Last winter, a weasel dug into the duck pen and killed all but two of our ducks. Ducks are very gentle and have no real defense other than flight. They are a lot like sheep that way. My ducks couldn’t get away. They were trapped in that pen. All of our drakes (males) were killed. Those drakes got in the way to protect the ducks and were the first to be killed. Had they not done this, we would probably have lost all of the birds. Anyway, this female was gravely injured. We brought her into the house and cared for her for a few weeks; and, to our amazement, she rallied. Though she limped around the yard for months, she has now fully healed. She has become our warning signal in the yard. If anything is wrong, she starts just a quacking away. She is always on the watch. If another duck wanders off, you’ll find her in the yard just quacking and quacking. She is awesome! I think that’s what a lot of the posters on this blog are like. We were trapped in a “pen” of false teaching. When the weasel got in, we couldn’t simply fly away. So we were gravely injured. We know the pain of it, and we hope and pray to help others avoid it. Praise God, that He got us all through it! So now we quack away. It is a warning. I, for one, plan to keep quacking and quacking…not like those in the “Toronto barnyard”, but like one equipped with the Word of God…rebuking, correcting, encouraging. To those who find it offensive, I pray for you and accept that criticism like “water off a duck’s back.” I believe that’s what “turning the other cheek” is all about. Thank you, M’Kayla, for a platform to “quack”. Is U2’s Bono a Christian? August 16, 2012 in christianity, discernment, Emergent Church, religion \| Tags: Bono, Contemporary Christian Music, U2 \| 22 comments A church I used to attend once plastered pictures of Bono in their fellowship hall while promoting a food drive. My heart sank in dismay. It was discouraging because I knew the following information. Please read: THE ROCK GROUP U2 by David Cloud The following is from the latest edition of the 400-page Directory of Contemporary Worship Musicians, which is available in print as well as a free eBook from the Way of Life web site — http://www.wayoflife.org. U2 was formed in 1978 and has been hugely successful. The band was selected as Rolling Stone magazine’s Band of the Eighties and was still called “the biggest band in the world” in Rolling Stone’s December 2004 issue. U2 front man Bono was Time magazine’s Person of the Year in 2006. But U2 is much more than a popular rock band. U2 has a great influence in the emerging church and the contemporary worship movement. U2’s lead singer Bono is praised almost universally among contemporary and emerging Christians. Phil Johnson observes that “Bono seems to be the chief theologian of the Emerging Church Movement” (Absolutely Not! Exposing the Post-modern Errors of the Emerging Church, p. 9). “Bono played a far more significant role on the formative years on those who became emergent than anyone else, from a human standpoint. Bono, in the 1980s, was, if not worshipped, then absolutely adored by millions of Christian youth who were hanging on his every word. They saw his cool kind of Christianity. He helped lead people into what eventually became the emerging church. Bono has led people into a version of Christianity that is so slippery, so undefinable, so liberal, yet he is considered the main icon of the emerging church” (Joseph Schimmel, The Submerging Church, DVD, 2012). Eugene Peterson, author of The Message, says U2 has a prophetic voice to the world and says Bono is a prophet like John the Baptist (foreword to Get Up Off Your Knees: Preaching the U2 Catalog). Brian Walsh believes that U2’s lyrics should be used for seminary training and as commentaries alongside the Bible, and that U2’s concerts should be studied to see “how worship really happens in a postmodern world” (Get Up Off Your Knees). Mark Mulder has taught a U2 course at Calvin College and he observes that the school shares Bono’s view that the world will not be destroyed but will be renewed (“Calvin College on U2,” Christianity Today, Feb. 2005). Brian McLaren and Tony Campolo say that Bono is moving the world toward the kingdom of God and increasing the kingdom of God in the here and now (McLaren and Campolo, Adventures in Missing the Point, 2003, pp. 50, 51). Bill Hybels interviewed Bono at Willowcreek Community Church’s Leadership Summit in 2006 and that interview has been shown in thousands of churches all over the world. Rick Warren invited Bono to Saddleback Church to help launch his P.E.A.C.E. program. Rob Bell testifies that the first time he really experienced God was at a U2 concert (Velvet Elvis: Repainting the Christian Faith, p. 72). Emerging leader Steven Taylor calls Bono “a worship leader” and on his blog promotes “Seven Things I Learned from Bono about Worship Leading.” Christianity Today almost worships U2. When Episcopalian ministers Raewynne Whiteley and Beth Maynard published “Get Up Off Your Knees: Preaching the U2 Catalog,” Christianity Today responded with a review entitled “The Legend of Bono Vox: Lessons Learned in the Church of U2.” In fact, U2 is no church and is destitute of spiritual truth when judged biblically. That U2 is wildly popular with contemporary Christians is a fulfillment of the apostasy described in 2 Timothy: “For the time will come when they will not endure sound doctrine; but after their own lusts shall they heap to themselves teachers, having itching ears; And they shall turn away their ears from the truth, and shall be turned unto fables” (2 Timothy 4:3-4). U2’s Early Christian Experience In their teenage years, Paul Hewson (“Bono”), Dave Evans (“Edge”), and Larry Mullen visited a charismatic house church called Shalom and made a profession of faith in Christ, but they have long since renounced any formal church affiliation. U2 member Adam Clayton does not make any type of Christian profession, and in my opinion, he is the most honest of the four band members. At least he does not pretend to have faith in Christ while living a rock & roll lifestyle and denying the Bible’s clear teachings. Bono, Evans, and Mullen admit that they wrestled with quitting rock & roll when they began studying the Bible. They chose to stay with rock & roll and have been moving farther and farther away from the Bible ever since. Of that early struggle Bono told a Rolling Stones magazine senior editor: “We were getting involved in reading books, the Big Book. Meeting people who were more interested in things spiritual, superspiritual characters that I can see now were possibly far too removed from reality. But we were wrapped up in that.” This idea of spiritually-minded Christians being “too far removed from reality” is a common smokescreen used by rebels to excuse their worldliness. The Bible says: “If ye then be risen with Christ, seek those things which are above, where Christ sitteth on the right hand of God. Set your affection on things above, not on things on the earth. For ye are dead, and your life is hid with Christ in God. When Christ, who is our life, shall appear, then shall ye also appear with him in glory” (Colossians 3:1-4). Bono mocks as “superspiritual” those who reject the things of this world to set their minds on heavenly things, but that is precisely what God wants His people to do. U2 guitarist Dave Evans testified that he chose rock & roll over holiness: “It was reconciling two things that seemed for us at that moment to be mutually exclusive. We never did resolve the contradictions. That’s the truth. … Because we were getting a lot of people in our ear saying, ‘This is impossible, you guys are Christians, you can’t be in a band. It’s a contradiction and you have to go one way or the other.’ They said a lot worse things than that as well. So I just wanted to find out. I was sick of people not really knowing and me not knowing whether this was right for me. So I took two weeks. Within a day or two I just knew that all this stuff [separating from the world] is ——- [vulgarity]. We were the band. Okay, it’s a contradiction for some, but it’s a contradiction that I’m able to live with. I just decided that I was going to live with it. I wasn’t going to try to explain it because I can’t” (Bill Flanagan, U2 at the End of the World, 1996, pp. 47, 48). Note that Evans did not base his decision upon the Word of God. Contrary to Proverbs 3:5-6, he leans on his own understanding, and in accordance with 2 Timothy 4:3-4 he follows his own lusts. In an interview with Joseph Schimmel, Chris Row of Shalom Fellowship, Bono’s former pastor in Ireland, said that Bono, Evans, and Mullen chose rock & roll over the Bible. He said that when Bono flew him to Los Angeles to perform his marriage, he wasn’t allowed to go backstage at a U2 concert because they didn’t want him to see the things that went on there (Schimmel, The Submerging Church, 2012, DVD). There is no evidence in U2’s lives, music, or performances that they honor the Word of God. They have been at the heart and soul of the wicked rock & roll scene for over three decades. They are one of the most popular rock & roll bands alive today and this certainly would not be the case if they were striving to obey the Bible and live holy lives to the glory of Jesus Christ and if they were preaching absolute truth, the reality of heaven and hell, and salvation only through Christ’s atonement. To the contrary, their lives have been anything but holy and their message anything but Scriptural. U2’s Christianity The members of U2 don’t support any denomination or church. In fact, they rarely attend church, “preferring to meet together in private prayer sessions” (U2: The Rolling Stone Files, p. 21). Sundays find them in a pub rather than in a pew. They are “not rabid Bible thumpers” (Ibid., p. 14). In the song “Acrobat,” Bono sings, “I’d join the movement/ If there was one I could believe in … I’d break bread and wine/ If there was a church I could receive in.” One church Bono does attend from time to time is Glide Memorial United Methodist in San Francisco. “When he’s in the area Bono is a frequent worshipper at Glide…” (Flanagan, U2 at the End of the World, p. 99). Bono attended Glide Memorial during a special service to honor Bill Clinton’s 1992 presidential election. Speaking at a meeting connected with the 1972 United Methodist Church Quadrennial Conference, Cecil Williams, pastor of the Glide Memorial Methodist Church, said, “I don’t want to go to no heaven … I don’t believe in that stuff. I think it’s a lot of – – – – [vulgarity].” A Jewish rabbi is on William’s staff. Williams was the Grand Marshall of the San Francisco Gay Pride parade and the chairman of his board was a homosexual. He has been “marrying” homosexuals since 1965 and says, “I have not married a single couple at Glide who weren’t already living together” (Williams, speaking at the Centenary United Methodist Church, St. Louis, quoted in Blu-Print, April 25, 1972). Long ago William’s church replaced the choir with a rock band, and its “celebrations” have included immoral dancing and even complete nudity. After attending a service at Glide Memorial, a newspaper editor wrote, “The service, in my opinion, was an insult to every Christian attending and was the most disgusting display of vulgarity and sensuousness I have ever seen anywhere.” This is U2’s type of Christianity. The book Bono on Bono: Conversations with Michka Assayas (Hodder & Stoughton, 2005) contains a wide-ranging interview with a music reporter that extended over a long period of time. Nowhere in this 337-page book does Bono give a scriptural testimony of having been born again, without which Jesus said no man can see the kingdom of heaven. Bono says that he believes Jesus is the Messiah and that He died on the cross for his sins and that “he is holding out for grace,” but Bono’s “grace” is a grace that does not result in radical conversion and a new way of life; it is a grace without repentance; it is a grace that does not produce holiness. Nowhere does he warn his myriads of listeners to turn to Christ before it is too late and before they pass out of this life into eternal hell. In fact, the only thing he says about heaven or hell is that both are on earth. “I think, rather like Hell, Heaven is on Earth. That’s my prayer … that’s where Heaven for me is…” (Bono on Bono, p. 254). It sounds like Bono has been listening more to John Lennon than the Bible, and in fact, he says that when he was 11 years old he listened to Lennon’s album Imagine and it “really got under my skin, the blood of it” (p. 246). On this album Lennon sang, “Imagine there is no heaven above and no hell below.” The members of U2 do not believe Christianity should have rules and regulations. “I’m really interested in and influenced by the spiritual side of Christianity, rather than the legislative side, the rules and regulations” (Edge, U2: The Rolling Stone Files, p. 21). The Lord Jesus Christ said those who love Him would keep His commandments (John 14:15, 23, 15:10). The apostle John said, “For this is the love of God, that we keep his commandments: and his commandments are not grievous” (1 John 5:3). There are more than 80 specific commandments for Christians in the book of Ephesians alone, the same book that says we are saved by grace without works. Though salvation is by grace, it always produces a zeal for holiness and obedience to God’s commands, for we are “saved unto good works” (Ephesians 2:8-10). According to Titus 2, the grace of God teaches the believer to deny ungodliness and worldly lusts and to live soberly, righteously, and godly in this present world. Bono says that the older he gets the more comfort he finds in Roman Catholicism. “Let’s not get too hard on the Holy Roman Church here. The Church has its problems, but the older I get, the more comfort I find there … murmuring prayers, stories told in stained-glass windows, the colors of Catholicism–purple mauve, yellow, red–the burning incense. My friend Gavin Friday says Catholicism is the glam-rock of religion” (Bono on Bono, p. 201). Though he speaks positively of Romanism, Bono has nothing good to say about “fundamentalism,” falsely claiming that it is a denial that God is love (Bono on Bono, p. 167) and calling it vile names (p. 147). The problem is that Bono defines love by the rock & roll dictionary rather than by the Bible, which says, “For this is the love of God, that we keep his commandments: and his commandments are not grievous” (1 John 5:3). U2’s Lifestyle The members of U2 live in blatant contradiction to the reality of biblical grace. They are described in the following passages: “They profess that they know God; but in works they deny him, being abominable, and disobedient, and unto every good work reprobate” (Titus 1:16). “Having a form of godliness, but denying the power thereof: from such turn away” (2 Timothy 3:5). “He that saith, I know him, and keepeth not his commandments, is a liar, and the truth is not in him” (1 John 2:4). The lives of the U2 rock stars exemplify their no-rules philosophy. In 1992 “Bono was named premier male sexpot” (U2: The Rolling Stone Files, p. xxxvi). Of sexual activity, Bono says: “You know, if you tell people that the best place to have [sexual activity -ed] is in the safe hands of a loving relationship, you may be telling a lie! There may be other places” (Flanagan, U2 at the End of the World, p. 83). Bill Flanagan, a U2 friend who has traveled extensively with the group, in his authorized biography describes them as heavy drinkers and constant visitors to bars, brothels, and nightclubs. He says, “If I wanted to I could fill up hundreds of pages with this sort of three-sheets-to-the-wind [drunken], navel-gazing dialogue between U2 and me” (Flanagan, U2 at the End of the World, p. 145). Bono admits that he lives “a fairly decadent kind of selfish-art-oriented lifestyle” (Flanagan, p. 79). Their language is interspersed with the vilest vulgarities and even with profanity. Of basketball star Magic Johnson’s widely publicized sexual escapades, Bono flippantly and foolishly says: “Be a [sexual] machine, but for Christ’s sake use a condom” (Flanagan, p. 105). Many of Bono’s statements cannot be printed in a Christian publication. The cover and lyric sheet to their Achtung Baby album contained photos of the band in homosexual drag (men cross-dressing like women), a picture of Bono in front of a topless woman, and a frontal photo of Adam Clayton completely nude. Bono said the band enjoyed dressing like homosexual drag queens. “Nobody wanted to take their clothes off for about a week! And I have to say, some people have been doing it ever since!” (Bono, cited by Flanagan, p. 58). Bono told the media that he and his bandmates planned to spend New Year’s Eve 2000 in Dublin, because “Dublin knows how to drink” (Bono, USA Today, Oct. 15, 1999, p. E1). Bono has simulated [sexual activity] with women during his concerts. Their concerts have included video clips portraying nudity and cursing. The band members have had serious marital problems and Dave Evans is divorced. People magazine described Bono’s “nine-hour binge which left him brainless.” “The U2 star … got struck into beer, wine, cocktails and bubbly celebrating the American release of the band’s Rattle And Hum film. ‘He was slobbering, shouting and showing off,’ said a bartender at the Santa Monica niterie that hosted the bash. ‘Even the rest of the band told him to calm down. They should have been kicked out but because of who they are we let them stay…’” (People, Oct. 23, 1988, p. 15). When asked about his position on homosexuality, Bono said: “My bottom line on any sexuality is that love is the most important thing. That love is it. Any way people want to love each other is OK by me” (Bono, Mother Jones magazine, May/June 1989). At Wheaton College in 2002, Bono said, “It’s a remarkable thing, the idea that there’s some sort of hierarchy to sin. It’s something I can never figure out, the idea that sexual immorality is somehow much worse than, say, institutional greed. Somewhere in the back of the religious mind is this idea that we reap what we sow is missing the entire New Testament and the concept of grace completely” (“Backstage with Bono,” Christianitytoday.com music interviews, Dec. 9, 2002). The Christianity Today reporter understood that Bono was saying that reaping what we sow is not a biblical teaching and is contrary to grace. In fact, the Bible plainly says, “Be not deceived; God is not mocked: for whatsoever a man soweth, that shall he also reap” (Galatians 6:7), and that was stated in the very context of Paul’s teaching about grace. God’s grace through Christ is offered to all men, but its reception requires repentance and faith (Acts 20:21). Nowhere in the New Testament do we find Christ or the apostles fretting about “institutional greed” or rebuking the Roman government for its institutional sins, but the New Testament says a LOT about PERSONAL sin and sexual immorality! Most of the New Testament epistles warn about sexual immorality. Appearing on the Golden Globe Awards broadcast by NBC television in 2003, Bono shouted a vile curse word. The incident was investigated by the Federal Communications Commission (FCC), which deemed his language “profane” but decided not to fine the stations. Imagine an alleged Christian shouting such vile things on the public airwaves that he is investigated by the FCC! In 2006 Bono said: “I recently read in one of St. Paul’s letters where it describes all of the fruits of the spirit, and I had none of them” (“Enough Rope with Andrew Denton,” March 13, 2006). In October 2008, Fox News reported that Bono and rocker friend Simon Carmody partied with teenage girls on a yacht in St. Tropez. The report, which was accompanied by a photo of Bono holding two bikini-clad teenagers on his lap at a bar, said, “Bono, Carmody and the girls partied into the night on the yacht” (“Facebook Pictures Show Married U2 Singer Bono’s Rendezvous with Sexy Teens,” Fox News, Oct. 27, 2008). U2’s Message U2’s Christian supporters tout the band’s “biblical” lyrics as evidence of the reality of their Christianity. But U2’s ambiguous lyrics do not present a clear Christian message, and the few songs that do mention Christ typically do so in a strange, unscriptural manner. “The listener senses something religious is being dealt with but can’t be quite sure what” (Steve Turner, Hungry for Heaven, p. 172). They never preach the gospel of Jesus Christ in a plain manner so that their listeners could be born again. They pose moral questions in some of their songs, but they give no Bible answers. “U2 don’t pretend to have the answers to the world’s troubles. Instead, they devote their energies to letting us know that they are concerned and to creating an awareness about those problems” (U2: The Rolling Stone Files, p. 10). What a pitiful testimony for professing Christian musicians who COULD be preaching the light of the Word of God to a dark and hell-bound world. Consider, for example, the lyrics to “When Love Comes to Town”: “I was there when they crucified my lord/ I held the scabbard when the soldier drew his sword/ I threw the dice when they pierced his side/ But I’ve seen love conquer the great divide. When love comes to town I’m gonna catch that train/ When love comes to town I’m gonna catch that flame/ Maybe I was wrong to ever let you down/ But I did what I did before love came to town.” This is typical of U2 songs. It intermingles thoughts about a girl at the beginning with thoughts possibly about the cross at the end, but nothing is clear. Listeners can interpret the ambiguous lyrics in a multitude of ways. Consider the song “All Because of You” from U2’s 2004 album How to Dismantle an Atomic Bomb. “I’m alive/ I’m being born/ I just arrived, I’m at the door/ Of the place that I started out from/ And I want back inside.” That’s a confusing, really meaningless message. One of U2’s most popular songs even proclaims that they haven’t found what they are looking for. “You broke the bonds/ You loosed the chains/ You carried the cross/ And my shame/ You know I believe it/ But I still haven’t found/ What I’m looking for” (“I Still Haven’t Found What I’m Looking For”). This is a strange message for an alleged Christian rock band to broadcast to a needy world! They sing about Christ and the cross and then state that they haven’t found what they are looking for. A Social Gospel The group is active in political causes, but they are liberal, humanistic ones. For example, in 1992 they played a benefit concert for the environmentalist/pacifist group Greenpeace and joined Greenpeace in protesting against a nuclear power plant. One of their hits, “Pride,” is a tribute to the civil rights leader Martin Luther King; and in 1994, U2 received the Martin Luther King Freedom Award. King was an adulterous, theological modernist who taught a false social gospel. U2 supported the adulterous, abortion- and homosexual-supporting Bill Clinton in his 1992 run for president. Clinton conversed with them on a national radio talk show during the election campaign and met them in a hotel room in Chicago. At the same time they mocked George Bush during their USA concerts that year. They featured a video clip depicting Bush chanting the words to “We Will Rock You” by the homosexual rock group Queen. Members of U2 performed at Bill Clinton’s televised inaugural ball on MTV. Bono said he was glad that Clinton’s election was a victory for homosexuals (Flanagan, p. 100). Bono’s passion in recent years has been AIDS and poverty in Africa. He has petitioned Western governments to cancel the debts of African nations and to increase foreign aid. While Bono does call upon African leaders to “practice democracy, accountability, and transparency,” he does not tie this in with foreign aid and does not put the blame of Africa’s AIDS and poverty problem where it truly belongs, which is government corruption, pagan religion, and its corollary, the lack of moral character and immorality. If the entire wealth of America, the United Kingdom, and Europe were transferred to Africa tomorrow, it would not result in significant and lasting change unless these factors were first addressed, and Bono’s plan does not significantly address them nor require any such radical systemic change. Instead, Bono puts the largest part of the blame for Africa’s ills upon the unfair trade practices of and lack of aid by Western nations and an alleged lack of compassion on the part of Christians. Speaking before Wheaton College in December 2002, Bono said, “Christ talks about the poor [and says] ‘whatever you have done to least of these brothers of mine, you’ve done to me.’ In Africa right now, the least of my brethren are dying in shiploads and we are not responding. We’re here to sound the alarm” (Christianity Today, Dec. 9, 2002). Bono thus grossly misapplies Christ’s statement in Matthew 25:40, applying it to the unsaved in general rather than to the nation Israel. This is the Fatherhood of God heresy that Mother Teresa also held, that all men are the children of God regardless of whether they have faith in Christ. Further, if Matthew 25:40 is a reference to the unsaved in general, the apostles and early Christians failed miserably, for there is no record that they attempted to relieve the social ills of the Roman Empire in general. In fact, the context of Matthew 25:32-46 is immediately following the return of Christ at the end of the Tribulation, and it describes how Christ will judge the nations on the basis of how they treated His people the Jews, which will be so viciously persecuted during that period. Compare Revelation 7:4-14. Universalism and a False Christ Bono’s christ is a false one. He says he is “attracted to people like Martin Luther King, Gandhi, Christ, to pacifism” (U2: The Rolling Stone Files, p. xxviii). The Lord Jesus Christ of the Bible is not a pacifist. He is not anything like the adulterous Martin Luther King or the Hindu Gandhi. Christ did instruct His people not to resist evil in the sense of taking up arms for religious causes. When persecuted, we are to endure it (1 Cor. 4:12); but Christ did not teach pacifism. Christ’s forerunner, John the Baptist, warned soldiers to be content with their wages, but he did not rebuke them for carrying arms as soldiers (Lk. 3:14). Before his death, Christ instructed his followers to provide swords for themselves (Lk. 22:32-38). Christ said he came not to send peace but a sword (Mt. 10:34). In fact, the Lord Jesus Christ will return on a white horse to make war with his enemies (Rev. 19:11-16). The Christ of the Bible is no pacifist and He did not establish a pacifist movement. When asked by Mother Jones magazine if he believed that Jesus is the only way and if that excludes other people from heaven, Bono replied: “I don’t accept that. I don’t accept that fundamentalist concept. I believe–what is it? ‘The way is as narrow as the eye of the needle,’ and all that–But I think that’s just to keep the fundamentalists out. I never really accepted the whole ‘born again’ tag” (“Bono Bites Back,” Mother Jones magazine, May 1989). For their Vertigo Tour in 2005, U2 promoted “Coexist” as an icon for world peace. Bono wore a “coexist” headband that featured the cross of Christianity, the crescent moon of Islam, and the star of David of Judaism and he led the crowds in shouting, “Jesus, Jew, Muhammad, it’s true; all sons of Abraham.” Anti-Christ Bono has repeatedly worn upside down crosses in his concerts, which are satanic anti-christ emblems. He has displayed the inverted cross while singing the Beatles’ song “Helter Skelter.” He has worn it while singing the Rolling Stones’ vile song “Sympathy for the Devil” (Joseph Schimmel, The Submerging Church, DVD, 2012). Bono has aggressively promoted the movies of the occultist Kenneth Anger. When Bono was considering establishing ZooTV to rival MTV, he envisioned it “as a window for the world to see the films of Kenneth Anger” (Bill Flanagan, U2: At the End of the World, 1996, p. 477). Bono told Details magazine, “Part of America’s dilemma is its TV because as a mirror it’s a pretty distorted one. I mean, where can you see Kenneth Anger films in the United States?” (“Turning Money into Light, Details magazine, Feb. 1, 1994). Anger, a homosexual who has “Lucifer” tattooed into his chest, wrote the foreword to Anton LaVey’s books The Devil’s Notebook and Satan Speaks. Anger exalts the occultist and moral pervert Aleister Crowley in the movie Lucifer Rising: Invokation of My Demon Brother. He promotes Crowley’s vision of a New Age world order called the age of Horus. Anger’s movie Invocation of My Demon Brother starred LaVey and Mick Jagger and Keith Richards of the Rolling Stones. Anger joined Led Zeppelin Jimmy Page guitarist in trying to exorcise Crowley’s former residence in Scotland of what they believed to be “a headless man’s ghost.” No Christ-loving, Bible-believing man would promote the work of Kenneth Anger, and I’m sure he would agree with that statement. Bono even transformed himself into the devil in the ZooTV tour during the early 1990s. The devil, which he called MacPhisto, was an aging rocker who had sold his soul for fame. That certainly sounds like Bono. Other quotations demonstrate that U2’s “spirituality” is not based on the Bible: “Bono dislikes the label ‘born-again Christian’–and he doesn’t go to church either. [He says,] ‘I’m a very, very bad advertisement for God…’” (U2: The Rolling Stone Files). “A U2 concert aims to raise people’s sense of their own worth. ‘It’s a celebration of me being me and you being you,’ as Bono once put it. The music soars and swirls but never bludgeons. … ‘I want people to leave our concerts feeling positive, a bit more free,’ says Bono” (Steve Turner, Hungry for Heaven, p. 28). A celebration of me is exactly what rock & roll is at its most fundamental level, and it is a fulfillment of 2 Timothy 3:2. “For men shall be lovers of their own selves…” “I believe that it’s a woman’s right to choose [an abortion]. Absolutely” (Bono, Mother Jones magazine, May/June 1989). Beware When the World Loves You U2 is exalted as “the biggest band in the world,” and they are praised by everyone from Christianity Today to Rolling Stone. The world loves U2, and that brings some Scriptures to mind. “If ye were of the world, the world would love his own: but because ye are not of the world, but I have chosen you out of the world, therefore the world hateth you” (John 15:19). “I have given them thy word; and the world hath hated them, because they are not of the world, even as I am not of the world” (John 17:14). “They are of the world: therefore speak they of the world, and the world heareth them” (1 John 4:5). “And we know that we are of God, and the whole world lieth in wickedness” (1 John 5:19). The world loves U2 because U2 is of the world, and the world recognizes its own. The love that Bono sings about is the world’s love. U2’s philosophy is the world’s philosophy. U2’s lifestyle is the world’s lifestyle. Consider this line from the song “Vertigo” — “A feeling is so much stronger than a thought.” Bono quoted this in an interview with the wicked Rolling Stone magazine, and it summarizes the rock & roll philosophy and its blind mysticism, which is to do what feels right regardless of what the Bible or some other authority says about it. The Bible says we are to live by God’s Word, but rock & roll says, “Live by your feelings.” The Bible says the heart is deceitful above all things and desperately wicked, but rock & roll says, “Just follow your heart.” The Bible says we can only know God through the sound doctrine of His revelation in the Bible, through right thinking that comes by the right understanding of God’s Word, but rock & roll says, “Feelings are more important than thoughts.” This is why the world loves U2, and this is why apostate Christianity loves U2. Pharmacy Music? August 15, 2012 in contemplative spirituality \| Tags: Christian Contemporary Music, pharmakeia, Worship Music \| Leave a comment The following article is from Sword & Trowel, Issue 1, 2011, Metropolitan Tabernacle, London, England: In reviewing the sins of the flesh (in Galatians 5:19-21) the apostle mentions witchcraft, often today translated sorcery. He actually uses a word which we have in English, although for us it has a much nobler meaning. The Greek word is a form of our word ‘pharmacy.’ Obviously, no Bible translation would use this term, because for us it denotes a healing profession, not a sin of the flesh. So in what way were the sorcerers and witches of olden times involved in pharmacy? For them, a large field of expertise was the preparation of drugs and potions with mood-altering, consciousness-altering properties; now known as psychoactive, psychotropic drugs. They prepared hallucinogens, opiates and aphrodisiacs both to heighten and suppress emotions. Some were designed to dull the senses and banish care; to disengage from the world in order to float along in sublime indifference and peace. More commonly (the experts tell us) they prepared euphoric drugs to send people soaring into ecstatic dreams and trances, or to amplify love or deepen hatred. In Galatians 5 ‘witchcraft’ refers to shamanistic pharmacy. Opium (weaker in those times) was used both for pain relief and euphoria. It as the ancient Sumerian ‘joy plant.’ Cannabis was a very well-known hallucinogen. Jimson weed also was in use as a fantasy producer. To seek these artificial sensations is listed as a work or sin of the flesh: something base, carnal and injurious. The imbiber effectively says — ‘I don’t want to be a human being. I don’t want my mind to be in charge. I don’t like rationality. I don’t want responsibility. I want exciting sensations, or detachment from reality.’ All this is sought today to a greater degree using even more powerful versions of these drugs. But the level of mood tampering attainable by first-century people was of the same order as that which may be achieved by alcohol, and by heavy, relentless beat music. Amplifiers, tweeters, and woofers now produce the high-decibel excitement and compelling power of rock, securing strong emotional effects. Tremendous skill goes into the production of fascinating, irresistible band arrangements designed to get hold of the emotions and carry listeners along. but it is mood-manipulating ‘pharmacy.’ Hearers may take no potion, but they succumb to sensations, getting outside themselves, and either dulling or exciting the mind. Many come to depend on it for well-being. Are we hooked on ‘pharmacy’ music? Is the mood-affecting rhythm vital for us? Is it so important to us that we overlook the lyrics that are sensual, anti-moral and anti-God, little realising that the musical vehicle is tampering with the mind, bringing us under addictive power, and becoming our chosen alternative to joy derived from the Holy Spirit? Does not the apostle also say in 1 Corinthians 6:12, ‘All things are lawful unto me … but I will not be brought under the power of any’? Gal 5:20 Idolatry, witchcraft (G5331), hatred, variance, emulations, wrath, strife, seditions, heresies Strong’s G5331 – pharmakeia 1) the use or the administering of drugs 2) poisoning 3) sorcery, magical arts, often found in connection with idolatry and fostered by it 4) metaph. the deceptions and seductions of idolatry HOMOSEXUALS AGAINST JESUS August 10, 2012 in christianity \| Tags: A Christian View of Homosexuality, Traditional Marriage \| Leave a comment (Friday Church News Notes, August 3, 2012, David Cloud) http://www.wayoflife.org – It is popular among homosexual activists to claim that Jesus didn’t say anything against homosexuality, but this is pure nonsense. Jesus upheld the law of Moses, saying: “Think not that I am come to destroy the law, or the prophets: I am not come to destroy, but to fulfil. For verily I say unto you, Till heaven and earth pass, one jot or one tittle shall in no wise pass from the law, till all be fulfilled. Whosoever therefore shall break one of these least commandments, and shall teach men so, he shall be called the least in the kingdom of heaven: but whosoever shall do and teach them, the same shall be called great in the kingdom of heaven” (Matthew 5:17-19). The law of Moses forbad homosexual activity in the strongest terms. In fact, it was a capitol offense. “If a man also lie with mankind, as he lieth with a woman, both of them have committed an abomination: they shall surely be put to death” (Leviticus 20:13). Those are the words of the very law that Jesus came to fulfill, which He did by living a perfectly righteous life in our stead and dying to pay the price demanded by the law for man’s sins. Further, Jesus upheld the original marriage covenant of Genesis 2. When asked about His position on divorce, Jesus replied: “Have ye not read, that he which made them at the beginning made them male and female, And said, For this cause shall a man leave father and mother, and shall cleave to his wife: and they twain shall be one flesh? Wherefore they are no more twain, but one flesh. What therefore God hath joined together, let not man put asunder” (Matthew 19:4-6). Thus, Jesus plainly upheld “traditional” one man/one woman marriage. Homosexual activists aren’t just opposed to a few “hard-nosed” Christians, they are opposed to Jesus Himself, at whose name “every knee should bow, of things in heaven, and things in earth, and things under the earth; and … every tongue should confess that Jesus Christ is Lord, to the glory of God the Father” (Philippians 2:10). How Do You Respond? Posted on August 9, 2012 by reformednazarene Scripture teaches over and over that we are to separate from error. We are told to “have nothing with the fruitless deeds of darkness, but rather reprove them” (Eph. 5:11). 2 Cor. 6:14 says to not be yoked together with unbelievers. I am continually amazed, but also not surprised, at the fast pace of compromise in the Christian world, year after year. We are watching once solid leaders ignoring biblical principles of separation as they turn to hold hands with almost anyone who declares themselves Christian, in spite of clear evidence of apostate behavior. As Ken Silva points out in his recent article (David Barton Controversy), one leader after another is becoming involved in various joint ventures to unite all “Christians” with the goal of making the world a better place. The latest compromise is the Under God Indivisible Leadership…	cc/2019-30/en_head_0021.json.gz/line12676
__label__wiki	0.536054	0.536054	Blake Shelton Says Nearly 4 Years With Gwen Stefani Is ‘Kind of a Blur’ Blake Shelton and Gwen Stefani are the couple nobody saw coming—he a country-music star from Oklahoma, she a pop princess by way of the 3rd-wave ska and punk scenes in Southern California—but somehow the two are going to be celebrating their fourth-year anniversary together this fall. “It’s actually shocking that it has already been that long,” Shelton notes to People. “It’s kind of a blur. It still feels like it’s pretty new to me. I guess it is, relatively. Four years isn’t forever, but man, it seems like it just happened in no time.” The two lovebirds met on the set of The Voice while both were struggling with high-visibility divorces, and turned a resulting friendship commiserating over their splits into a true love story. Now, the couple will be going back to where it all started again, facing off against each other as coaches for the show's season 17, debuting Sept. 23. Although Shelton is chivalrous to a fault with his lady love, he made clear to People that he will not be allowing Stefani any advantages on The Voice. " I’m not going to let her win," he states adamantly. " I’m going to have to win, but I’m going to have to do it in a way that she doesn’t feel like I beat her. "I don’t know if that’s possible or not because I definitely don’t want to upset her — that’s not going to pay off for me in the long run. This will be her fourth time on the show, so she’s no stranger to it. She knows what she’s doing.” Shelton recently wrapped his 2019 Friends and Heroes Tour, but he's still got some dates going this summer that fans can catch. Meanwhile, Stefani is booked through the end of July for her Las Vegas residency at Planet Hollywood. NEXT: What Does the Winner of 'The Voice' Get? Would Jimmie Allen Get You To Turn Your Chair Around? Watch: Country's 10 Most Successful The Voice Contestants Yet: Source: Blake Shelton Says Nearly 4 Years With Gwen Stefani Is ‘Kind of a Blur’ Filed Under: Blake Shelton, The Voice	cc/2019-30/en_head_0021.json.gz/line12684
__label__cc	0.640941	0.359059	GlobeSt.com Talks SBA 504 Refi With Liberty SBF GlobeSt.com Boston sat with Liberty SBF CEO, Alex Cohen, to talk about SBA 504 lending and the New England market. Below you can read the full text of the Q&A. The original article ran on GlobeSt.com website here. Liberty SBF Looks To Tap Into Boston’s Refinance Market by John Jordan BOSTON—Commercial real estate finance firm Liberty SBF is eyeing the New England market for growth and is looking to help eligible businesses refinance the nearly $2 billion in maturing CMBS loans coming due in the next six month in Greater Boston. Liberty, which has headquarters in Philadelphia and Los Angeles, is marketing its loan servicing platforms that include bridge loans as well as SBA (Small Business Administration) 504 loans to both property owners and small businesses in the region. In an interview with Globest.com, Liberty SBF CEO Alex Cohen cites figures from Trepp that indicate nearly $2 billion in CMBS loans in Greater Boston are coming due in the next six months. Approximately $1.36 billion in maturing CMBS loans in Boston are for office properties, $181 million for retail properties, $141 million for retail, $86 million for multi-family properties and more than $62 million for self-storage properties. A total of $115 million in those CMBS loans are eligible for refinance via the SBA 504 loan program, Cohen says. Eligible borrowers can access 90% loan-to-cost financing on loans of up to $15 million. Eligible deals include the acquisition or refinance of owner-occupied, hospitality, multi-use and special purpose properties. Loan terms can run as long as 25 years. Cohen notes that a majority of the maturing CMBS loans in the next six months in Boston are in the self-storage ($62.4 million) and hospitality ($52.4 million) sectors. “Our plan is to have an office in New England by the end of this year and most likely that office will be in Boston,” Cohen says. The firm’s Philadelphia office is currently responsible for the Boston market. “We understand that the (New England) market needs to be focused on with boots on the ground. It’s a market that we are very interest in lending into and we see a lot of great growth trajectory in the Boston market,” he says. Liberty also has offices in New York City and Chicago. Cohen, in a published report in the Houston Chronicle, also says that Liberty SBF plans to open an office in Texas later this year. Nationwide, Cohen notes that there will be more than $145 billion in CMBS loans that will mature over the next 12 months. Of that, more than $56 billion in CMBS loans fit the eligibility for SBA 504 financing. He adds that last year Congress passed legislation that now allows lenders to offer the SBA 504 program for conventional real estate debt for small businesses. Previously, the program had been an acquisition only program. The SBA began accepting applications under the revised regulations on June 24th of this year. The SBA is authorized to approve up to $7.5 billion for the regular 504 Loan Program and $7.5 billion in lending authority under the 504 Debt Refinancing Program, which brings the total 504 lending combined authorization to $15 billion. Cohen notes that the SBA 504 program provides a unique opportunity to borrowers whose CMBS or conventional loans are under water and affords them an opportunity to tap into a higher-leveraged refinance of existing debt. He notes that the program is particularly advantageous for “assets types that tread the line between investment real estate and owner-occupied real estate, such as hotels, self-storage and assisted living (properties).” Since Liberty’s formation in 2012, the company has closed $75 million in SBA 504 loans.	cc/2019-30/en_head_0021.json.gz/line12687
__label__cc	0.641687	0.358313	Small Business Lending Up at Community Banks [News] \| SBA 504 Rates and News From Liberty SBF CRE loans at all sized banks in the U.S. were up by 9% last quarter from the year before but small banks have been the stars lending at double-digit rates over the past year, according to an article on Seeking Alpha. As a matter of fact the writer says that most business in CRE lending has been through smaller U.S. banks throughout the recovery and he thinks it will probably continue. Overall Commercial and Industrial lensing at smaller banks also outpaced larger banks. Over the past quarter smaller banks increased lending by about 13% while the 25 largest U.S. banks increased lending in this area by 10%. Smaller banks fuel growth at small businesses because unlike corporations that have other options when raising capital (stock sales, bond issuances), small businesses turn to local banks for help. But a Federal Reserve report shows that source of cash is drying up as the number of community banks decreased 41% between 2007 and 2013, according to an article in Entrepreneur magazine. New bank formation has also stalled and the blame is place on the higher regulation and costs associated with the Dodd-Frank Act. Scott Shane, a professor at Case Western Reserve University argues in the article that community banks should be exempt from theses regulations. With their knowledge of local marketplaces, community banks are better prepared to evaluate factors that do not show up just looking at credit and cash flow when making decisions to lend to a local business. Cash flow is the number one concern of small business owners, according to an article in Coleman Report. Commenting on another article that outlined what kept business owners up at night Bob Coleman wrote that the list was filled with annoyances more than concerns. His list included three items: Cash Flow, The Economy and Access to Capital. TMC Financing, a West-coast based CDC, helped an artist purchase his own studio recently. Master potter, Adam Silverman financed the purchase of a 4,350-square-foot studio and showroom in Glendale, CA with an SBA 504 loan. The total project cost of just under $965,000 includes the purchase and subsequent improvements. Silverman is known for his textured pots, some of which take months to make. He had worked under another studio for the last five years and wanted to re-establish himself in his own studio. TMC Financing was also named among the Best Places to Work in 2015 in the Bay Area by the San Francisco Business Times and the Silicon Valley Business Journal according to a statement. The rankings recognize outstanding companies whose employees rate them as having the best workplace cultures in the Bay Area. TMC Financing was founded in 1981 and is the largest provider of SBA 504 real estate loans funding projects worth more than $8 billion across California and Nevada for more than 4,700 businesses creating an estimated 35,000 jobs. Dakota Business Finance, a South Dakota CDC, is co-sponsoring a market for locally made items on May 1 called Sioux Falls Made. The Sioux Falls Made Market will run from 11 a.m. to 7:30 p.m. in a repurposed garage at Argus Leader Media, located at 10th Street and Minnesota Avenue. The event is touted as a one-of-a-kind market for locally handmade and homegrown items featuring the work of 40 Sioux Falls-area vendors. Find out more here. Meet up with Liberty SBF to learn all about our SBA 504 Loan and pick up a copy of our white paper to see why this is the best program for small businesses. We will be at the following upcoming conferences: Trigild Spring Conference, April 22-23, Dallas, TX SBA Lending Technical Conference, May 5-7, San Antonio, TX NADCO Spring Summit, May 10-13, 2015, Washington DC 8 Plus 1 Things You Need To Know Right Now (That’s 9): • Will the SBA’s flagship program be a victim of its own success? • 8 small business tax preparation mistakes to avoid • Small business: Backbone of the economy • Coleman Report interviews Kent Hoover of The Business Journals • What small businesses should ask about their tax preparation software • 10 quick tips for small business growth • SBA names Huntington Bank top Michigan lender for 6th year • Media training tips for small businesses • At the crossroads of health care and innovation Click here or current SBA 504 rates.	cc/2019-30/en_head_0021.json.gz/line12688
__label__cc	0.568065	0.431935	Prince George Pro Life Society Back to article index End of Life Issues It's Not About Conscience, It's About the Nature of the Healing Profession by Stephanie Gray With today’s news that the Canadian Medical Association has voted to reject a motion that would protect the conscience rights of physicians who refuse to refer patients to die by euthanasia, panic and fear is likely to set in with some pro-life physicians.* “Well, if I’m forced to refer for euthanasia then I can no longer practice as a doctor,” some might say. Not true. We create a false dilemma by saying there are only two options: Either I refer for euthanasia or I don’t practice as a doctor. No. There is a third option: You practice as a physician and you do not refer for euthanasia. Let me explain. I have never been a fan of emphasizing “conscience” as one’s argument for doctors avoiding practices that simply aren’t good medicine. I have written on this before regarding abortion and that can be viewed here. Emphasizing conscience has the risk of marginalizing true, ethical physicians, putting them on the “fringe,” as though pro-life doctors are somehow different from the average doctor because they have a “conscience” that tells them something that is different from what “real” medicine would do. That is not the case. Real medicine heals, not kills. Real medicine alleviates suffering without eliminating sufferers. Real medicine addresses the underlying motivation for someone’s request to die (e.g., administering pain medicine, giving love and attention to the lonely, rather than responding at a surface level. Real medicine believes we should “do no harm.” Real medicine heeds the Canadian Medical Association’s Code of Ethics which says, “Practise the profession of medicine in a manner that treats the patient with dignity and as a person worthy of respect. Provide for appropriate care for your patient, even when cure is no longer possible, including physical comfort and spiritual and psychosocial support.” Real medicine remembers it was less than a century ago when physicians were lead killers during the Holocaust, killing not only Jews, but also the elderly and disabled, the individuals they categorized as “lives unworthy of life.” Real medicine remembers the words of Holocaust-survivor Elie Wiesel whose essay, incidentally titled, “Without Conscience,” was published in 2005 in the New England Journal of Medicine and read by UBC medical students in which he writes, “[I]nstead of doing their job, instead of bringing assistance and comfort to the sick people who needed them most, instead of helping the mutilated and the handicapped to live, eat, and hope one more day, one more hour, doctors became their executioners…Why did some know how to bring honor to humankind, while others renounced humankind with hatred? It is a question of choice. A choice that even now belongs to us—to uniformed soldiers, but even more so to doctors. The killers could have decided not to kill.” Real medicine simply does not kill. Instead of emphasizing conscience, we need to emphasize what the nature of the healing profession is all about. We have to show it is simply not good medicine to kill a patient. Instead of saying, “I do not refer for euthanasia because my conscience tells me not to,” a pro-life physician should declare, “I do not refer for euthanasia because it is not good medicine. I do not refer for euthanasia because it goes against the nature of the healing profession. I do not refer for euthanasia because as a physician I am called to do no harm and I would be violating that command.” At this link I have developed an apologetic to help guide physicians to articulate why euthanasia is not the proper response, and what, in fact, is. To my many dear, and some of my closest, friends who are physicians: Do not let this decision discourage you. Let it empower you. Let it embolden you. Get ready to love your patients like you’ve never loved before, and get ready to fight your medical establishment like you’ve never fought before. If the day will come when you no longer practice as a physician, may it be because your license was taken from you, not because you voluntarily walked away. Do not walk away. If the day will come when you no longer practice as a physician, may it be because you were literally dragged from doing so, not because you willingly left. Do not willingly leave. If the day will come when any of this happens, our attitude must be to look at it, not as the end, but as a beginning, to get creative about how physicians can practice as doctors and do the right thing, regardless of the environment one is in--just as others in the past who have lived through human rights violations have done. Never give up. Patients who are truly loved and cared for physically, emotionally, and spiritually are unlikely to request euthanasia. So do your job and let the lawyers who exist to defend you (here and here) do theirs. What the great Dr. Martin Luther King, Jr., once said, in his Letter from Birmingham Jail, about the early church is as a relevant to the civil rights activists of his day as it is relevant to the pro-life physicians of our day: “There was a time when the church was very powerful -- in the time when the early Christians rejoiced at being deemed worthy to suffer for what they believed. In those days the church was not merely a thermometer that recorded the ideas and principles of popular opinion; it was a thermostat that transformed the mores of society. Whenever the early Christians entered a town, the people in power became disturbed and immediately sought to convict the Christians for being ‘disturbers of the peace’ and ‘outside agitators.’ But the Christians pressed on, in the conviction that they were ‘a colony of heaven,’ called to obey Gad rather than man. Small in number, they were big in commitment. They were too God-intoxicated to be ‘astronomically intimidated.’ By their effort and example they brought an end to such ancient evils as infanticide and gladiatorial contests.” If we are going to bring an end to the present-day evil of killing the weak and vulnerable, we will not only have to capture the sacrificial and courageous spirit of the early Church, but we will need to be prepared for an epic battle. That is what happens when the Culture of Life clashes with the Culture of Death. But we need not be afraid, because we are people of hope. And as the late Fr. Richard John Neuhaus once said, “Hope is a virtue of having looked unblinkingly into all the reasons for despair, into all of the reasons that would seem to falsify hope, and to say, 'Nonetheless Christ is Lord. Nonetheless this is the story of the world. Nonetheless this is a story to which I will surrender myself day by day.' Not simply on one altar call, but as the entirety of one's life, in which every day is a laying of your life on the altar of the Lord Jesus Christ being offered up in perfect sacrifice to the Father. “And will we overcome? Will we prevail? We have overcome and have prevailed ultimately because He has overcome and He has prevailed. There are days in which you and I get discouraged. On those days I tell myself — I suppose almost every day I tell myself, sometimes several times a day — those marvelous lines from T. S. Eliot's 'East Coker,' where Eliot says, 'For us there is only the trying. The rest is not our business.' “For us there is only the trying. The rest is not our business. Some people read those lines as lines of resignation, kind of shrugging your shoulders and saying, 'What can you do?' But I read them as lines of vibrant hope. The rest is not our business. The rest is God's business. “Thank God, we are not God. Thank God, God is God.” So try, try with all your might, and watch God work mighty wonders through you. *It should be noted that there were several votes by the CMA on this topic. Although the CMA reported that “Conscientious objection was a contentious issue, with 79% of delegates voting against a motion to support conscientious objectors who refuse to refer patients for medical aid in dying” the CMA also reported that “According to results of a CMA member survey [of 1407 responses] presented at the meeting, many doctors remain opposed to assisting in a patient's suicide. Only 29% of those surveyed said they would consider providing medical aid in dying if requested by a patient, 63% would refuse outright and 8% were undecided.” The CMA also reported, “‘No physician should be forced to participate against their conscience,’ said Dr. Jeff Blackmer, vice president of medical professionalism at CMA. ‘But there's disagreement about what this means.’” This isn’t the end of the story as the CMA is looking at all these votes and motions and considering guidelines moving forward; therefore, it is still possible the guidelines to come will respect a physician’s conscience. Time will tell, which is why, at minimum, protecting conscience rights can still be lobbied for, but, more importantly, a solid pro-life apologetic on euthanasia must be articulated, not only at a national level with the CMA, but also to the provincial governing medical bodies as well as to our elected representatives on a provincial and federal level. Stephanie Gray is a seasoned and international speaker who began presenting at the age of 18. She has given over 900 pro-life presentations across North America as well as in Scotland, England, Ireland, Austria, Latvia, Guatemala, and Costa Rica. She has spoken at many post-secondary institutions such as Yale University, George Washington University, and the University of California, Berkeley. In 2017, Stephanie was a presenter for the series "Talks at Google," speaking on abortion at Google headquarters in Mountain View, California. Stephanie has debated abortion advocates including late-term abortionist Dr. Fraser Fellows in front of medical students at the University of Western Ontario’s Schulich School of Medicine & Dentistry. She has also debated Ron Fitzsimmons, executive director of the National Coalition of Abortion Providers, Dr. Jan Narveson, Philosophy professor and recipient of the Order of Canada, Elizabeth Cavendish, legal director for NARAL Pro-Choice America, and Dr. Malcolm Potts, the first medical director for International Planned Parenthood Federation. Learn more about Stephanie here: https://loveunleasheslife.com/about Receive updates on what Prince George Pro Life Society is doing in the community, important government news dealing with right to life issues, new studies and facts, and inspiring testimonies and articles.	cc/2019-30/en_head_0021.json.gz/line12691
__label__cc	0.601917	0.398083	Good Night, Sunny ~ A Short Story by Allen Kopp (Published in ISFN Anthology #1) My wife, Pseudophia, had become increasingly unable to function. She stayed in her darkened room all the time, lying in bed and staring at the wall screen. If I ever shut it off, she became horribly agitated. At times she projected herself into what was happening in the pictures and if it was turned off she believed she was dead. The only two things in her life that had any meaning for her anymore were the drugs she was addicted to for her illness and the wall screen. I needed help with taking care of Pseudophia and managing the cooking and household chores, so I took a two-year option on a female domestic robot. When the two years are up, I will either own the robot outright or I can send her back to where she came from. I considered getting a combination domestic model and pleasure model, but I settled for the domestic model only. After the robot had been with us for about two weeks, I went into the kitchen one evening when she was washing the dinner dishes. “That was a wonderful dinner, Sunny,” I said, coming up behind her and taking her by surprise. She turned and smiled at me. “So glad you liked it, sir.” “How do you like being with us?” I asked. “I like it fine, sir,” she said. “This is my first assignment.” I couldn’t help noticing, as she reached above her head to put the plates away, that she looked the same as she had looked in the morning; her blue-and-white check dress appeared freshly laundered and she hadn’t a hair out of place. “You look so real,” I said. “I can hardly believe you’re a robot.” “We prefer the term ‘human simulant’,” she said. “Of course. When I was growing up, I was afraid of the domestic robots. I thought they were monsters. They didn’t look human then. We had one that seemed to be about eight feet tall. Any time it came near me, I ran and hid.” “Robot technology has come a long way since then, sir,” she said. “Do you mind if I touch your cheek?” “If you wish, sir.” She held still as I ran the tips of my fingers along her cheek, down to her chin. “You feel warm,” I said. “Human.” “My body temperature is ninety-eight point six degrees, sir.” “Just like a living person.” “Just as you say, sir.” “Would you like to go for a little walk around the lake with me after you’re finished with the dishes?” I asked. “There’s a full moon tonight.” “Now, you know I can’t do that, sir.” she said. “If I don’t get my full eight hours recharging my energy supply, I won’t be able to perform effectively tomorrow.” “Of course,” I said. I turned away and began rearranging the fruit in the bowl on the table. “I sense that you’re lonely, sir,” she said. “No, it’s not that. I just wanted to talk to you about my wife.” “What about your wife, sir?” “What do you think about her condition? Do you think the situation is hopeless?” I forgot for the moment that robots don’t think but only reflect the thoughts of the humans they live among. “It’s not for me to say, sir,” she said. “Surely you’ve consulted with doctors. What do they say?” “They say she has a rare degenerative disease that will become progressively worse until she dies.” “I’m very sorry to hear that, sir. She’s so young and I can tell by looking at her that she was very beautiful before she became ill.” “She used to be an excellent knife-thrower and she could walk up and down stairs on her hands. She had musical ability, too; she played show tunes on the musical saw.” “You’re fortunate to have those memories of her, sir.” I picked up an apple from the bowl and took a bite of it because I was feeling uncomfortable talking about Pseudophia the way she used to be and I didn’t know what else to do. “Why don’t you go sit in your comfortable recline chair and I’ll bring you a drink that will relax you and help you to sleep?” Sunny said with a sympathetic smile. I went into the other room and made myself comfortable, and in a few minutes she brought me a little glass of green liquid. “What is it?” I asked as I took the glass from her. “Just something I learned to make in school,” she said. “I don’t think you would have ever heard of it.” I took a tiny taste of the green liquid and I immediately felt a warming sensation throughout my entire body. “It tastes good,” I said. “I was sure you would like it, sir,” she said. She turned on some soothing music and straightened some objects on the desk and turned off all the lights in the room except for one and turned and faced me with her hands clasped in front of her. “If there’s nothing else you require, sir, I believe I’ll retire for the evening,” she said. “Of course,” I said. “Good night, Sunny.” “Good night, sir.” I drank all the liquid in the glass and dozed for a while, listening to the music that was, I believe, a string quartet by Schubert. After a few minutes I stood up and, instead of going up the stairs to my own bedroom as I had planned to do, I went into Pseudophia’s room and closed the door quietly. Black-and-white images flickered on the wall screen, affording just enough light in the room for me to see Pseudophia sprawled on her back on the bed. She was a terrible sight with her mouth open and her hair in wild disarray. Her eyes were wild and staring but unfocused, so I knew she didn’t see me and she knew nothing. It was becoming almost impossible for me to remember the person she had been. I picked a pillow up from the bed and, without thinking about what I was about to do, put it over her face and leaned on it with both hands. She offered very little resistance—only a slight reflexive movement of the arms and legs—and soon I knew she was dead. When I pulled the pillow away from her face, she looked no different—the only difference was that she wasn’t breathing. I awoke at about nine o’clock the next morning to the smell of food cooking. Feeling a stab of hunger, I got out of bed and put on my bathrobe and went downstairs. Sunny was pouring a cup of tea for me when I went into the kitchen and sat down at the table and picked up the morning paper. “Breakfast is nearly ready,” she said as she placed the cup of tea at my elbow with a smile. I unfolded the paper, took a drink of the scalding tea and watched Sunny as she walked across the room. She looked radiant in a yellow pinafore with a white blouse and a yellow ribbon in her white-blonde hair. I couldn’t help noticing that her lips were very red and her cheeks looked flushed. “You look like a ray of sunshine this morning,” I said as she set a plate of food before me. “You’re too kind,” she said with a becoming blush. “Did you have a good rest?” I asked. “Yes,” she said. “Most restful. I was up early this morning, though. The undertaker’s assistants came and took away poor Pseudophia’s body before daylight.” “I didn’t hear anything,” I said. “I didn’t want to wake you. I took care of everything. They wanted your signature on a release form, but I signed your name for you. The man said he thought that would be all right. I hope I did the right thing.” “Of course,” I said. “If you have everything you need for the moment, sir, I’ll just go upstairs and tidy up.” “There’s just one thing,” I said. “What is it?” she asked. “What was in that drink you gave me last night?” “Nothing special, sir. Just a drink.” “That will be all for now,” I said with a grateful nod of my head. “And if I may say so, sir?” she said as she turned to go out of the room. “I think your life is going to be very happy and very bright from now on.” I heard her footsteps on the stairs as I picked up the fork and began eating my breakfast.	cc/2019-30/en_head_0021.json.gz/line12695
__label__cc	0.515329	0.484671	Tatyana Fogarty: Artist to Watch August 1, 2018 by Toni Kellenberg LPAPA Artist Member Tatyana Fogarty is featured in the November 2018 Southwest Art Magazine “Artists to Watch” section, the editors’ choice for up-and-coming talent. It was when Tatyana was just a young girl when the luminous white horse in Joaquín Sorolla’s painting THE HORSE’S BATH first caught her eye. Throughout her childhood in Russia and Ukraine, Fogarty periodically encountered the impressionistic painting in the pages of her schoolbooks, and each time, she found herself dazzled by the Spanish painter’s masterpiece. It wasn’t until decades later that Fogarty stood before the painting in person, at the Sorolla Museum in Madrid, and understood its underlying brilliance. “I grew up knowing it as a white horse, but you look at the colors, and there is no real white there,” she marvels. “Now that I have studied Sorolla’s work and have seen his work in shows, I understand how he does his whites, and it’s amazing how many colors they have.” Since she began painting in 2008, Fogarty has also become increasingly attuned to the nuanced palette of nature itself. Though she has studied with acclaimed artists like Kathleen Dunphy and Scott Christensen, some of her greatest lessons in color have occurred while painting en plein air around her home in Sacramento, CA, and particularly along the Pacific Coast. Boats, piers, beaches, and coves are just a few subjects in Fogarty’s oeuvre that have allowed her to plunge, metaphorically speaking, into chromatic studies of water and its rippling, reflective surfaces. The artist’s aquatic scenes come in many shades of blue and beyond; in REFLECTIONS INTRICACY—which won an award in a recent PleinAir Salon competition—water seems to eddy, shimmy, and shimmer with life in loose, expressive brush strokes ranging in hue from teal to purple. Click the following link to read the full article in Southwest Art Magazine. “Monterey Fishing” was in LPAPA “Best of Plein Air” 2018 and was awarded an Honorable Mention by Jean Stern	cc/2019-30/en_head_0021.json.gz/line12696
__label__cc	0.676267	0.323733	Harold Buchholz From its humble beginnings on a tiny mid-west TV station in 1988, through its years as a mainstay on The Comedy Channel/Comedy Central and the SciFi Channel all through the '90s, to its spectacular resurrection on Netflix in 2017, Mystery Science Theater 3000 has had a transformative effect on television, comedy, and the way, cheesy movies are viewed. Now creator Joel Hodgson has set his sights on	cc/2019-30/en_head_0021.json.gz/line12701
__label__cc	0.601822	0.398178	and in the cutting of stones for settings, and in the carving of wood, that he may work in all kinds of craftsmanship. "And behold, I Myself have appointed with him Oholiab, the son of Ahisamach, of the tribe of Dan; and in the hearts of all who are skillful I have put skill, that they may make all that I have commanded you: the tent of meeting, and the ark of testimony, and the mercy seat upon it, and all the furniture of the tent, the table also and its utensils, and the pure gold lampstand with all its utensils, and the altar of incense, the altar of burnt offering also with all its utensils, and the laver and its stand, Share Your Faith Products “You saw, O king, and behold, a great image. This image, mighty and of exceeding brightness, stood before you, and its appearance was frightening. The head of this image was of fine gold, its chest and arms of silver, its middle and thighs of bronze, its legs of iron, its feet partly of iron and partly of clay. As you looked, a stone was cut out by no human hand, and it struck the image on its feet of iron and clay, and broke them in pieces. Then the iron, the clay, the bronze, the silver, and the gold, all together were broken in pieces, and became like the chaff of the summer threshing floors; and the wind carried them away, so that not a trace of them could be found. But the stone that struck the image became a great mountain and filled the whole earth. Bible Verse Wall Art He made 300 shields of beaten gold, using three minas of gold on each shield, and the king put them in the house of the forest of Lebanon. Moreover, the king made a great throne of ivory and overlaid it with refined gold. There were six steps to the throne and a round top to the throne at its rear, and arms on each side of the seat, and two lions standing beside the arms. Twelve lions were standing there on the six steps on the one side and on the other; nothing like it was made for any other kingdom. All King Solomon's drinking vessels were of gold, and all the vessels of the house of the forest of Lebanon were of pure gold. None was of silver; it was not considered valuable in the days of Solomon. Christian Canvas Art David built houses for himself in the city of David. And he prepared a place for the ark of God and pitched a tent for it. Then David said that no one but the Levites may carry the ark of God, for the Lord had chosen them to carry the ark of the Lord and to minister to him forever. And David assembled all Israel at Jerusalem to bring up the ark of the Lord to its place, which he had prepared for it. And David gathered together the sons of Aaron and the Levites: of the sons of Kohath, Uriel the chief, with 120 of his brothers; ... Share Your Faith Products Every home is so much more than just walls and windows. Home is the place where we live, laugh, and love. It's an expression of who we are and what we believe. That's why we are committed to providing beautiful Christian art and inspirational home décor. Our passion is helping you create a place that reflects your faith and enables you to share it with others. So discover new ways to share your heart and God's love today! Many are the plans in the mind of a man, but it is the purpose of the Lord that will stand. What is desired in a man is steadfast love, and a poor man is better than a liar. The fear of the Lord leads to life, and whoever has it rests satisfied; he will not be visited by harm. The sluggard buries his hand in the dish and will not even bring it back to his mouth. Strike a scoffer, and the simple will learn prudence; reprove a man of understanding, and he will gain knowledge. ... My son, do not forget my teaching, but let your heart keep my commandments, for length of days and years of life and peace they will add to you. Let not steadfast love and faithfulness forsake you; bind them around your neck; write them on the tablet of your heart. So you will find favor and good success in the sight of God and man. Trust in the Lord with all your heart, and do not lean on your own understanding. ... 1 Then the LORD said to Moses, 2 “See, I have chosen Bezalel son of Uri, the son of Hur, of the tribe of Judah, 3 and I have filled him with the Spirit of God, with wisdom, with understanding, with knowledge and with all kinds of skills— 4 to make artistic designs for work in gold, silver and bronze, 5 to cut and set stones, to work in wood, and to engage in all kinds of crafts. 6 Moreover, I have appointed Oholiab son of Ahisamak, of the tribe of Dan, to help him. Also I have given ability to all the skilled workers to make everything I have commanded you: Bible Verse Wall Art "The house which I am about to build will be great, for greater is our God than all the gods. "But who is able to build a house for Him, for the heavens and the highest heavens cannot contain Him? So who am I, that I should build a house for Him, except to burn incense before Him? "Now send me a skilled man to work in gold, silver, brass and iron, and in purple, crimson and violet fabrics, and who knows how to make engravings, to work with the skilled men whom I have in Judah and Jerusalem, whom David my father provided. Christian Canvas Art The Orthodox Church of Constantinople, which enjoyed greater stability within the surviving Eastern Empire was key in commissioning imagery there and glorifying Christianity. As a stable Western European society emerged during the Middle Ages, the Catholic Church led the way in terms of art, using its resources to commission paintings and sculptures. Share Your Faith Products Then I saw another beast rising out of the earth. It had two horns like a lamb and it spoke like a dragon. It exercises all the authority of the first beast in its presence, and makes the earth and its inhabitants worship the first beast, whose mortal wound was healed. It performs great signs, even making fire come down from heaven to earth in front of people, and by the signs that it is allowed to work in the presence of the beast it deceives those who dwell on earth, telling them to make an image for the beast that was wounded by the sword and yet lived. And it was allowed to give breath to the image of the beast, so that the image of the beast might even speak and might cause those who would not worship the image of the beast to be slain. ... Christian Gifts In the West, the Renaissance saw an increase in monumental secular works, but until the Protestant Reformation Christian art continued to be commissioned in great quantities by churches, clergy and by the aristocracy. The Reformation had a huge effect on Christian art, rapidly bringing the production of public Christian art to a virtual halt in Protestant countries, and causing the destruction of most of the art that already existed. Christian Gifts The words of Jeremiah, the son of Hilkiah, one of the priests who were in Anathoth in the land of Benjamin, to whom the word of the Lord came in the days of Josiah the son of Amon, king of Judah, in the thirteenth year of his reign. It came also in the days of Jehoiakim the son of Josiah, king of Judah, and until the end of the eleventh year of Zedekiah, the son of Josiah, king of Judah, until the captivity of Jerusalem in the fifth month. Now the word of the Lord came to me, saying, “Before I formed you in the womb I knew you, and before you were born I consecrated you; I appointed you a prophet to the nations.” ... Christian Canvas Art For I want you to know how great a struggle I have for you and for those at Laodicea and for all who have not seen me face to face, that their hearts may be encouraged, being knit together in love, to reach all the riches of full assurance of understanding and the knowledge of God's mystery, which is Christ, in whom are hidden all the treasures of wisdom and knowledge. I say this in order that no one may delude you with plausible arguments. For though I am absent in body, yet I am with you in spirit, rejoicing to see your good order and the firmness of your faith in Christ. ... Christian Gifts “You saw, O king, and behold, a great image. This image, mighty and of exceeding brightness, stood before you, and its appearance was frightening. The head of this image was of fine gold, its chest and arms of silver, its middle and thighs of bronze, its legs of iron, its feet partly of iron and partly of clay. As you looked, a stone was cut out by no human hand, and it struck the image on its feet of iron and clay, and broke them in pieces. Then the iron, the clay, the bronze, the silver, and the gold, all together were broken in pieces, and became like the chaff of the summer threshing floors; and the wind carried them away, so that not a trace of them could be found. But the stone that struck the image became a great mountain and filled the whole earth. Share Your Faith Products Solomon the son of David established himself in his kingdom, and the Lord his God was with him and made him exceedingly great. Solomon spoke to all Israel, to the commanders of thousands and of hundreds, to the judges, and to all the leaders in all Israel, the heads of fathers' houses. And Solomon, and all the assembly with him, went to the high place that was at Gibeon, for the tent of meeting of God, which Moses the servant of the Lord had made in the wilderness, was there. (But David had brought up the ark of God from Kiriath-jearim to the place that David had prepared for it, for he had pitched a tent for it in Jerusalem.) Moreover, the bronze altar that Bezalel the son of Uri, son of Hur, had made, was there before the tabernacle of the Lord. And Solomon and the assembly sought it out. ... Then God said, “Let us make man in our image, after our likeness. And let them have dominion over the fish of the sea and over the birds of the heavens and over the livestock and over all the earth and over every creeping thing that creeps on the earth.” So God created man in his own image, in the image of God he created him; male and female he created them. Share Your Faith Products The porch which was in front of the house was as long as the width of the house, twenty cubits, and the height 120; and inside he overlaid it with pure gold. He overlaid the main room with cypress wood and overlaid it with fine gold, and ornamented it with palm trees and chains. Further, he adorned the house with precious stones; and the gold was gold from Parvaim.read more. Bible Verse Wall Art It was carved with cherubim and palm trees; and a palm tree was between cherub and cherub, and every cherub had two faces, a man's face toward the palm tree on one side and a young lion's face toward the palm tree on the other side; they were carved on all the house all around. From the ground to above the entrance cherubim and palm trees were carved, as well as on the wall of the nave. The doorposts of the nave were square; as for the front of the sanctuary, the appearance of one doorpost was like that of the other. The altar was of wood, three cubits high and its length two cubits; its corners, its base and its sides were of wood And he said to me, "This is the table that is before the LORD." The nave and the sanctuary each had a double door. Each of the doors had two leaves, two swinging leaves; two leaves for one door and two leaves for the other. Also there were carved on them, on the doors of the nave, cherubim and palm trees like those carved on the walls; and there was a threshold of wood on the front of the porch outside. There were latticed windows and palm trees on one side and on the other, on the sides of the porch; thus were the side chambers of the house and the thresholds. Unless otherwise indicated, all content is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution License. All Scripture quotations, unless otherwise indicated, are taken from The Holy Bible, English Standard Version. Copyright ©2001 by Crossway Bibles, a publishing ministry of Good News Publishers. Contact me: openbibleinfo (at) gmail.com. Cite this page: Editor: Stephen Smith. Publication date: Jun 3, 2019. Publisher: OpenBible.info. Christian Gifts “Come, everyone who thirsts, come to the waters; and he who has no money, come, buy and eat! Come, buy wine and milk without money and without price. Why do you spend your money for that which is not bread, and your labor for that which does not satisfy? Listen diligently to me, and eat what is good, and delight yourselves in rich food. Incline your ear, and come to me; hear, that your soul may live; and I will make with you an everlasting covenant, my steadfast, sure love for David. Behold, I made him a witness to the peoples, a leader and commander for the peoples. Behold, you shall call a nation that you do not know, and a nation that did not know you shall run to you, because of the Lord your God, and of the Holy One of Israel, for he has glorified you. ... "You shall make two cherubim of gold, make them of hammered work at the two ends of the mercy seat. "Make one cherub at one end and one cherub at the other end; you shall make the cherubim of one piece with the mercy seat at its two ends. "The cherubim shall have their wings spread upward, covering the mercy seat with their wings and facing one another; the faces of the cherubim are to be turned toward the mercy seat.read more. He also made two capitals of molten bronze to set on the tops of the pillars; the height of the one capital was five cubits and the height of the other capital was five cubits. There were nets of network and twisted threads of chainwork for the capitals which were on the top of the pillars; seven for the one capital and seven for the other capital. So he made the pillars, and two rows around on the one network to cover the capitals which were on the top of the pomegranates; and so he did for the other capital. The capitals which were on the top of the pillars in the porch were of lily design, four cubits. There were capitals on the two pillars, even above and close to the rounded projection which was beside the network; and the pomegranates numbered two hundred in rows around both capitals. Thus he set up the pillars at the porch of the nave; and he set up the right pillar and named it Jachin, and he set up the left pillar and named it Boaz. On the top of the pillars was lily design. So the work of the pillars was finished. Christian Canvas Art 19 designers and 31 writers invested their energy and creativity to this collection, each riffing on the timeless, inspired words of Scripture. Each designer worked hard to capture the essence of each verse in its historical and cultural context, and to design in a way that makes clear the way in which the original readers would have understood it. Then, after each design was complete, a writer reflected on each piece of art and the verse that inspired it. The result is 100 pairs of art and devotional that illuminate the words of Scripture. Share Your Faith Products 1 Then the LORD said to Moses, 2 “See, I have chosen Bezalel son of Uri, the son of Hur, of the tribe of Judah, 3 and I have filled him with the Spirit of God, with wisdom, with understanding, with knowledge and with all kinds of skills— 4 to make artistic designs for work in gold, silver and bronze, 5 to cut and set stones, to work in wood, and to engage in all kinds of crafts. 6 Moreover, I have appointed Oholiab son of Ahisamak, of the tribe of Dan, to help him. Also I have given ability to all the skilled workers to make everything I have commanded you: Share Your Faith Products Paul, an apostle of Christ Jesus by the will of God, and Timothy our brother, To the saints and faithful brothers in Christ at Colossae: Grace to you and peace from God our Father. We always thank God, the Father of our Lord Jesus Christ, when we pray for you, since we heard of your faith in Christ Jesus and of the love that you have for all the saints, because of the hope laid up for you in heaven. Of this you have heard before in the word of the truth, the gospel, ... Share Your Faith Products A Psalm for giving thanks. Make a joyful noise to the Lord, all the earth! Serve the Lord with gladness! Come into his presence with singing! Know that the Lord, he is God! It is he who made us, and we are his; we are his people, and the sheep of his pasture. Enter his gates with thanksgiving, and his courts with praise! Give thanks to him; bless his name! For the Lord is good; his steadfast love endures forever, and his faithfulness to all generations. ... Christian Canvas Art In the West, the Renaissance saw an increase in monumental secular works, but until the Protestant Reformation Christian art continued to be commissioned in great quantities by churches, clergy and by the aristocracy. The Reformation had a huge effect on Christian art, rapidly bringing the production of public Christian art to a virtual halt in Protestant countries, and causing the destruction of most of the art that already existed. Paul, an apostle of Christ Jesus by the will of God, and Timothy our brother, To the saints and faithful brothers in Christ at Colossae: Grace to you and peace from God our Father. We always thank God, the Father of our Lord Jesus Christ, when we pray for you, since we heard of your faith in Christ Jesus and of the love that you have for all the saints, because of the hope laid up for you in heaven. Of this you have heard before in the word of the truth, the gospel, ... Christian Gifts Now there were four supports at the four corners of each stand; its supports were part of the stand itself. On the top of the stand there was a circular form half a cubit high, and on the top of the stand its stays and its borders were part of it. He engraved on the plates of its stays and on its borders, cherubim, lions and palm trees, according to the clear space on each, with wreaths all around.read more. Christian Canvas Art In the second year of the reign of Nebuchadnezzar, Nebuchadnezzar had dreams; his spirit was troubled, and his sleep left him. Then the king commanded that the magicians, the enchanters, the sorcerers, and the Chaldeans be summoned to tell the king his dreams. So they came in and stood before the king. And the king said to them, “I had a dream, and my spirit is troubled to know the dream.” Then the Chaldeans said to the king in Aramaic, “O king, live forever! Tell your servants the dream, and we will show the interpretation.” The king answered and said to the Chaldeans, “The word from me is firm: if you do not make known to me the dream and its interpretation, you shall be torn limb from limb, and your houses shall be laid in ruins. ... Share Your Faith Products "If you happen to come upon a bird's nest along the way, in any tree or on the ground, with young ones or eggs, and the mother sitting on the young or on the eggs, you shall not take the mother with the young; you shall certainly let the mother go, but the young you may take for yourself, in order that it may be well with you and that you may prolong your days. Christian Gifts Early Christian art survives from dates near the origins of Christianity. The oldest Christian sculptures are from sarcophagi, dating to the beginning of the 2nd century. The largest groups of Early Christian paintings come from the tombs in the Catacombs of Rome, and show the evolution of the depiction of Jesus, a process not complete until the 6th century, since when the conventional appearance of Jesus in art has remained remarkably consistent. Bible Verse Wall Art	cc/2019-30/en_head_0021.json.gz/line12702
__label__wiki	0.594216	0.594216	Unique Centennial the Largest Armenian Manuscript the Jarrendir of Mush (Lectionary of Mush) (1917-2017) Startupers Participating in “Sevan Startup Summit 2019” Will Compete for $100,000 Prize Fund Armenian Speaker Rules Out Support For U.S. Sanctions Against Iran Mkhitaryan Meets with Armenian Community Representatives in Los Angeles Home Featured Azerbaijani Media Accuse The Washington Post of \”Violating a Ceasefire\” Between US and Azerbaijan Azerbaijani Media Accuse The Washington Post of \”Violating a Ceasefire\” Between US and Azerbaijan Armenian Literary Tradition Presented at the US Library of Congress Baku believes recent meetings with US officials — in particular, visits by Special Energy Envoy Amos Hochstein — signal that Washington is willing to drop the criticism of Azerbaijan’s civil right record and focus on the hydrocarbons that bind the two countries together, Giorgi Lomsadze writes for Eurasianet.org. Lomsadze points out that Azerbaijan’s main pro-government news service APA trumpeted an anonymous essay, published a few days earlier by the legislature’s newspaper Azerbaijan, that had proclaimed that The Washington Post is allegedly “violating a ceasefire” between the US and Azerbaijan. The Post, apparently seen in Baku as one of the US government’s “main mouthpieces,” came along and slammed the trial of prominent Azerbaijani human rights defender Leyla Yunus and her husband, conflict analyst Arif Yunus, as a “travesty of justice.” Then the newspaper Azerbaijan, which is, indeed, an official mouthpiece, claimed it could not make head or tail of the criticism, the author writes. “With the Azerbaijani government indeed using lapdog media to spell out its views to local and international audiences alike, op-eds like this show what a shaky grasp the country’s elite has of the workings of independent media. Washington, in the meantime, may not even have been aware that it was perceived to be on a war footing with Baku, let alone progressing toward rapprochement,” Lomsadze stresses. “The Post should expect to receive a diplomatic note soon from Azerbaijan’s pro-government media.” On 13 August 2015, Baku Court of Grave Crimes brought in a verdict against the Azerbaijani human rights defenders Leyla and Arif Yunus, sentencing them to 8.5 years and 7 years’ imprisonment respectively. On 6 August 2015, during Leyla and Arif Yunus trial in Baku Court of Grave Crimes, prosecutor Farid Nagiyev called on the court to sentence Leyla Yunus to 11 years’ imprisonment and her husband 9 years finding guilty of swindle, tax evasion and abuses. In 2014, Francois Hollande, the French President, met Leyla Yunus in Baku and awarded her with the Order of the Legion of Honor. Later, on 30 July, Yunus was arrested in the yard of her house. She was charged with high treason, tax evasion, illegal entrepreneurship, forgery and large-scale fraud. In January, media reported that the German doctor Christian Vitt confirmed that the arrested human rights defender suffered from a serious disease. However, in February 2015, Azerbaijani Nasimi District Court extended Leyla Yunus’ pretrial detention for five months. He husband, Arif Yunusov, also faces charges of high treason and large-scale fraud. Վերաքննիչ դատարանը մերժել է ՍԴՀԿ-ի հայցն ընդդեմ ՀԱԿ ակտիվիստի Քիչ առաջ Վերաքննիչ դատարանը մերժել էր Սոցիալ Դեմոկրատ Հնչակյան կուսակցության հայցն ընդդեմ… Armenia Clarifies Stance On Troop Deployment to Syria YEREVAN (RFE/RL) — Armenia is ready, in principle, to send a demining… Pope Francis Hopes Turkey Will Open Border With Armenia Pope Francis said he hoped that Turkey will open its border with… ԴԵՍՊԱՆ ԵՈՎԱՆՈՎԻՉԻ ՀԵՏ ՀԱՆԴԻՊՄԱՆ ԸՆԹԱՑՔԻՆ ՍԴՀԿ ՆԵՐԿԱՅԱՑՈՒՑԻՉՆԵՐԸ ԲԱՐՁՐԱՑՈՒՑԻՆ ՀԱՅԱՍՏԱՆ ՄԷՋ ԺՈՂՈՎՐԴԱՎԱՐՈՒԹԵԱՆ ՀԱՐՑԸ Ամերիկահայ կազմակերպութիւններու հետ իր ունեցած խորհրդակցութիւններու շրջագիծէն ներս, Հայաստանի մօտ Միացեալ Նահանգներու…	cc/2019-30/en_head_0021.json.gz/line12715
__label__cc	0.672839	0.327161	The Microbiology of Beer Production Beer is an alcoholic beverage that is produced industrially by the microbial fermentation of wort (sugary solutions obtained by the dissolution of malted cereal grains). The process by which wort is converted into alcohol by microbes such as yeasts is known as brewing. The art of beer production (i.e. brewing) is an ancient practice known to mankind over many thousand years ago. The major raw materials for beer production in the industry include water, hops, malt, yeasts, and adjuncts (which are usually added during beer production to increase and improve the alcoholic content of the beer). Adjuvants also act as other carbohydrate sources for beer production; and they possess properties that beneficially supplement the principal raw material (e.g. barley) used for the brewing process. They act as cheaper sources of extract and starch to the brewing process; and they also increase the production of beer especially in cases where there is limited brew house capacity. Nevertheless, adjuvants are not always used by all brewing industries because of some demerits that they bring along. Adjuvants may cause unusual or unwanted flavour development in the beer; and complete saccharification is usually difficult with adjuvants. There is also the issue of slower filtration of the mash when adjuvants are used for brewing. Hops are aromatic plants that give beer its flavour and bitterness; and they are naturally sourced from the female flower plant known as Humulus lupulos. H. lupulos contribute to the formation of a good froth (foam) and it also protects the beer against any possible microbial contamination. Hops contain or produce both resins and essential oils. The resins provide the precursors that impart bitterness to the beer while the essential (volatile) oils provide the aroma associated with the plant, and which also imparts on the flavour of the beer. Since natural water may not be always available for brewing process, it is vital to treat water for brewing processes because the pH, mineral and ionic content of the water may impact or affect the beer being brewed. Water for brewing processes can be treated through ion exchange, de-carbonation and by the addition of acid or base to regulate the pH of the water. Beer is produced in the industry through alcoholic fermentation. Alcoholic fermentation is carried out by yeasts such as Saccharomyces cerevisiae and bacteria such as Zymomonas species; and it is metabolic process in which microbes degrade their substrates to produce ethanol or alcohol. Alcoholic beverages including beers, champagnes, wines and distilled spirits are produced through alcoholic fermentation processes. Alcoholic fermentation extends the shelf-life and/or keeping quality of food/beverage products; and it also improves on the physical features of the end-products. Alcoholic beverages enhance the flavour of the end-product; and it is mainly used to change the parent foodstuff (substrate) to a new and improved food product. These beverages are mainly manufactured from locally available fermentable substrates which are sugar based. These sugar based materials or substrates from which alcoholic beverages are manufactured from include rice, sorghum, wheat, millet, maize and barley. It is also note worthy that the fruit juices of some plants, and plant saps can also act as substrates for the production of alcoholic beverages especially wine. The microbes involved in these alcoholic fermentations are mainly strains of S. cerevisiae – that on their own cannot directly ferment starch without a prior enzymatic hydrolysis of the substrate (starch) to simple sugars (e.g. glucose). As aforementioned, rice, sorghum, wheat, millet, maize and barley are the major source of carbohydrate substrates for beer production. Barley is extensively used for beer production due to its unique properties. Barley contains high amount of amylase enzyme (for starch hydrolysis); and this gives it a good enzymatic composition. Barley yields the desired fermentable extracts, and its thick husks make the brewing process (especially malting and filtration) much easier than when other cereal grains are used. Barley has a gelatinization temperature (52-29oC) which makes the solubilization and hydrolysis of its starch possible in one operation. The thick husks of barley prevent the grain from possible fungal infection especially during storage. These features of barley make it a benchmark against which other cereal grains can be compared. The most important ingredient in beer production is a microorganism, yeast in the Kingdom Fungi. The type of yeast used in beer production impacts hugely on the flavor and texture of the drink depending on the type of beer being brewed. In beer production, the grains are germinated and their enzymes are activated to produce malt. The grain is usually mixed with water and the mixture is then transferred to a mash in a vessel. It is later heated with hops which help to inhibit spoilage organisms and also provide flavour as well as assist in the clarification of the wort. After this, the wort is pitched (i.e. inoculated) with the desired yeasts (e.g. S. carlsbergensis and S. cerevisiae) depending on the type of beer to be produced. Malting, steeping, kilning, milling, mashing, boiling of the wort, fermentation, conditioning/ageing, pasteurization and bottling are some of the processes involved in beer production (Figure 1). Figure 1: Flowchart showing the processes involved in beer production. MicroDok. Bader F.G (1992). Evolution in fermentation facility design from antibiotics to recombinant proteins in Harnessing Biotechnology for the 21st century (eds. Ladisch, M.R. and Bose, A.) American Chemical Society, Washington DC. Pp. 228–231. Nduka Okafor (2007). Modern industrial microbiology and biotechnology. First edition. Science Publishers, New Hampshire, USA. Das H.K (2008). Textbook of Biotechnology. Third edition. Wiley-India ltd., New Delhi, India. Latha C.D.S and Rao D.B (2007). Microbial Biotechnology. First edition. Discovery Publishing House (DPH), Darya Ganj, New Delhi, India. Nester E.W, Anderson D.G, Roberts C.E and Nester M.T (2009). Microbiology: A Human Perspective. Sixth edition. McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc, New York, USA. Steele D.B and Stowers M.D (1991). Techniques for the Selection of Industrially Important Microorganisms. Annual Review of Microbiology, 45:89-106. Pelczar M.J Jr, Chan E.C.S, Krieg N.R (1993). Microbiology: Concepts and Applications. McGraw-Hill, USA. Prescott L.M., Harley J.P and Klein D.A (2005). Microbiology. 6th ed. McGraw Hill Publishers, USA. Summers W.C (2000). History of microbiology. In Encyclopedia of microbiology, vol. 2, J. Lederberg, editor, 677–97. San Diego: Academic Press. Talaro, Kathleen P (2005). Foundations in Microbiology. 5th edition. McGraw-Hill Companies Inc., New York, USA. Thakur I.S (2010). Industrial Biotechnology: Problems and Remedies. First edition. I.K. International Pvt. Ltd. New Delhi, India. beer production Microbiology of Beer Production OVERVIEW OF SACCHAROMYCES CEREVISIAE OVERVIEW OF FERMENTATION MEDIA Microflora of the Body Analytical Epidemiology; Case Reports & Case... Fed-Batch Fermentation TOGAVIRIDAE FAMILY CYCLOSPORIASIS (caused by Cyclospora cayetanensis) OVERVIEW OF HAART, ART AND HIV-1 RESERVOIR	cc/2019-30/en_head_0021.json.gz/line12717
__label__cc	0.740064	0.259936	Sinem Tezyapar Sinem Tezyapar's Apps Sinem Tezyapar's Likes Sinem Tezyapar's Friends Sinem Tezyapar's Page My personal story: Sinem Tezyapar is an Executive Producer at A9 TV, broadcasting from Turkey, Istanbul. She is also a political and religious commentator, peace activist (peacemaker and peacekeeper) and is the spokesperson of a prominent international interfaith organization, as well as its coordinator for international relations with political and religious leaders. She is working with inter-parliamentary and non governmental organizations for the establishment of the United Nations Permanent Forum for a Culture of Peace and Global Ethics. As a devout Muslim, she denounces terrorism, anti-Semitism, and all kinds of violence. She is against radicalism, fanaticism, racism, bigotry and all atheistic and bloodthirsty ideologies. She defends the unity of all under belief in One God. She wants there to be faith, love, brotherhood and peace prevailing throughout the world, and stands ready to cooperate with like-minded people in accomplishing such goals. Why I want peace: The world has a right to live in peace, and we must strive with all our might for world peace, for conflict to come to an end, for the bloodshed to stop and for all weapons to be abolished. Interests and activities: Religion, Interfaith, Education, Politics... organizing meetings and conferences, TV production, writing articles... Something you didn't know about me: devout Muslim Favorite website: http://www.facebook.com/sinemtezyapar How I found mepeace.org: friend suggestion What I want to achieve here: Connect with people who want to make a change through unity Cooperate in establishing peace, understanding and harmony among different faiths and people Do you promise to respect others and our guidelines and not spam? You need to be a member of mepeace.org to add comments! Join mepeace.org At 6:35pm on September 29, 2017, Sandra Essien said… How is everything with you, I picked interest on you after going through your short profile and deemed it necessary to write you immediately. I have something very vital to disclose to you, but I found it difficult to express myself here, since it's a public site.Could you please get back to me on:( mrs.sandraessien1@gmail.com) for the full details. Thanks God bless. Sandra Essien At 10:48am on September 18, 2014, Jacques Banne said… I approach you in the hope you aid us- to organize a crowfunding campain for the realization of: Iartexpo Art as a bridge for peace. Art exhibit and Show https://www.facebook.com/pages/Iartexpo2012-Art-as-a-bridge-for-Peace/329299923781485 click it like it Publish Spread the word WE are non profit organization. Thank you in advance for your help. http://iartexpo.jimdo.com Salaam, Shalom, Peace. Jacques Banne iaap [UNESCO ] Peace maker ( me peace.org) Peace Ambassador Master Commander for Israel .T.E.A.N. At 11:56am on May 10, 2014, leonardo martin said… At 12:38am on October 29, 2013, leonardo martin said… At 4:57am on April 22, 2013, Tim Upham said… How successful has been the Sakina Center in counseling Muslim youths? What type of problems do they usually address, i.e., drug abuse, sexual orientation, peer group pressure, violence in the household, and other types of addiction. At 1:51pm on March 21, 2013, Mohsin Khan said… Thanks dear for acceptance, hope we would work for peace and conflict resolution. If you can share your detail, we may discuss in detail At 12:10am on February 3, 2013, Ece Koc said… Likewise my dear sweet friend. At 10:48pm on February 2, 2013, Ece Koc said… Welcome Sinem, I hope you enjoy our peace group. Nice to see you here. At 1:32pm on February 2, 2013, Irit Hakim-Keller said… hi Sinem, I like your profile. much of your opinions and activities fit mine. peace upon you Irit - from Israel At 1:57pm on January 28, 2013, ASHER said… I think peace and harmony among different faith is a need of time	cc/2019-30/en_head_0021.json.gz/line12721
__label__wiki	0.76384	0.76384	Shooting Has Begun on the ‘Game of Thrones‘ Prequel Series While Game of Thrones is over, HBO’s time in Westeros is most definitely not. Entertainment Weekly reports that shooting has begun on the Game of Thrones prequel series — tentatively titled The Long Night: Filming has quietly begun on the untitled follow-up to HBO’s fantasy sensation, which is shooting a pilot this summer in hopes for a series order. The shooting location is a familiar one: Northern Ireland, which served as the production of hub for GoT during its entire run. It’s not yet clear if the prequel will also shoot in other countries as well. The series, set thousands of years before the events of the Game of Thrones television series based on George R.R. Martin’s novels, will feature an impressive cast headlined by Naomi Watts. Miranda Richardson, Naomi Ackie, and Denise Gough, will all appear in the anticipated show as well. If things go poorly, it’s theoretically possible HBO will not pick up the pilot, produced by Jane Goldman and directed by S.J. Clarkson, and if that’s the case the world at large may never see it. But given the fact that Game of Thrones became one of HBO’s biggest shows ever, and that it ended its run with its best ratings in the series’ history, that seems like a very remote possibility. Gallery — The Best TV Shows of the Year So Far: Get the ScreenCrush Mobile App Source: Shooting Has Begun on the ‘Game of Thrones‘ Prequel Series Filed Under: Game of Thrones, Naomi Watts	cc/2019-30/en_head_0021.json.gz/line12723
__label__wiki	0.543707	0.543707	Steve Gillan Tolpuddle Martyrs Festival ’18 We mustn't let the Martyrs' struggle be in vain Just as in 1832, the Establishment wants to deny working-class people a voice, writes STEVE GILLAN POA general secretary Steve Gillan MODERN day trade unions have much to learn from the struggles of workers in the 1800s with the Trade Union Act now being law. Before 1824/25 the Combinations Acts had outlawed combining or organising to gain better working conditions. In 1832 — the year of the Reform Act which extended the vote in England but did not grant universal suffrage — six men from Tolpuddle in Dorset founded the “friendly society of the agricultural labourers” to protest at the lowering of agricultural wages. The result of refusing to work for lower wages resulted in prosecution on an obscure law invoking the Unlawful Oaths Act 1797 which led to their arrests, being found guilty and transported to Australia. Fast forward to 2018 and the Tories’ restrictive Trade Union Act 2016. A slightly watered down piece of legislation from its initial intent due to the campaigning of trade unions, MPs, lords, the TUC and other pressure groups. But let us make no mistake, this is a restrictive piece of legislation. It is restrictive for a reason, to shackle trade unions and their members just like legislation did in the 1800s and throughout history. The Establishment, in order to drive through its hostile policies, does not want any barriers from trade unions having a voice on behalf of workers. Trade unions are not seen as part of the solution in this country: they are seen as the problem, which is totally unjust. The Establishment does not want working-class people to have a say on working conditions on such issues as pay, working hours, housing, pension age, pension payments, our NHS or other public services. That is why it puts legislation in place to silence the rights of working people. Make no mistake, the Trade Union Act is a pernicious piece of legislation, just like the Criminal Justice Public Order Act 1994, Section 127 which makes it illegal for prison officers to take legitimate action to protect their terms and conditions, and is constructed to prevent workers from having a say against government austerity. The Prison Officers’ Association (POA) will not celebrate, nor should any other trade union, getting crumbs from the table in more anti-worker legislation. The POA will continue to challenge pernicious legislation to get justice for not only our members but workers in general. Our struggle goes on until the anti-trade union legislation is confined to the dustbin. Trade Unions, in my view, must collectively unite with gusto to repeal the anti-trade union legislation to free us from those shackles in 2018. We must be the voice for those that have no platform to raise issues. We must ensure that the exit from the European Union is not a bosses’ charter to dilute workers’ terms and conditions even further but strengthens those terms and conditions. We must also ensure it is not a right-wing agenda based on nationalism and hate politics and blaming migrants for everything. We need to offset the media’s scare stories. It should not matter what nationality someone is, nor colour, creed or sexual orientation. The blame culture needs to stop so the real issues can be fought and won for everyone. The struggles of the 1800s were different to that of today but there are similarities. Then as now the Establishment didn’t want working-class people to have a voice. Then as now the Establishment wanted total control. If we want a decent standard of living, affordable housing, and education for all; if we want decent public services, including our National Health Service, then collectively we will need to stand united to achieve these objectives. If we fail to do that we are surely pretenders that have let the struggles of the Martyrs and others be in vain. No longer should we put up with second best. Politics is changing in all the main parties, and the Establishment and the status quo are being shaken to their cores. From a personal point of view, and as a Labour Party member, the divisions that we have seen need to stop, and quickly. Jeremy Corbyn is the leader of the party and democratically elected. The briefings to the right-wing media and hostility towards him have been disgraceful. To see some MPs deliberately undermine him month by month has been shocking. The personal attacks and threats to other MPs are also disgusting and disgraceful and should have no place in a democratic society. The current government, propped up by the DUP, is vulnerable and making a total mess of Brexit. The Labour Party needs to be ready and focused to take power if a general election is around the corner. I would suggest a sharp focus on that, rather than each other, is paramount as Corbyn’s leadership is putting workers and their rights first. During the fiasco of the EU debate from some quarters, particularly on social media and indeed from some politicians, the deplorable attacks on migrant workers made me ashamed of our country. It made me realise that racism is alive and kicking with poisonous attacks. So called organisations such as the Football Lads Alliance and other far-right groups such as the English Defence League have no place in modern society and their lies, hate and bigotry need to be exposed by trade unions. If we allow such nationalism to breed in this country, history will repeat itself. Trade unions need to play a leading part to make sure this racist behaviour is stopped in its tracks. Our future should be about hope not hate, together standing as one worker, side by side, looking after the vulnerable in our society and protecting our public services. We can change things for the better and make sure that our children and grandchildren have a better future with better terms and conditions and a society that works for all. Solidarity and have a great festival. Steve Gillan is general secretary of the Prison Officers’ Association.	cc/2019-30/en_head_0021.json.gz/line12729
__label__cc	0.672894	0.327106	Birth Name: Karen Sheila Gillan Height: 5' 10" (1.78 m) Karen Sheila Gillan, of Clan Macnab, was born and raised in Inverness, Scotland, the only child and daughter of Marie Paterson, of Clan Paterson (considered part of Clan MacLaren or Clan Farquharson) and husband John Gillan, of Clan Macnab, who is a singer and recording artist. She developed a love for acting very early on, attending several youth theatre groups and taking part in a wide range of productions at her school, Charleston Academy. At age 16, Karen decided she wanted to pursue her acting career further and, studied under the renowned theatre director Scott Johnston at the Performing Arts Studio Scotland. She later attended the prestigious Italia Conti Academy in London. During her first year, she landed a role on Rebus (2000) and soon appeared in a variety of programs including Channel 4’s Stacked (2008) and The Kevin Bishop Show (2008), as well as a two-year stint on the long-running series Doctor Who (2005). Karen also stars in the film Outcast (2010), starring James Nesbitt. Her most recent starring role is as Eliza Dooley on the situation comedy Selfie (2014). When she’s not acting, Karen likes to play the piano and loves rummaging through vintage clothes shops. Trailer: Avengers: Endgame	cc/2019-30/en_head_0021.json.gz/line12731
__label__wiki	0.673721	0.673721	BAYFIELD STATION CLUSTER Location and Design The Bayfield Station Cluster is group of 50 townhouses located in the North Point area of Reston. The Bayfield Station townhouses are designed in a Garrison Colonial style and are either 1,120 or 1,160 square feet. The lots vary a little but essentially come in two sizes: approximately 2,100 square feet or approximately 1,400 square feet. All of them have a fenced back yard. Bayfield Station was built in 1984 with two roads, the longer being named Bayfield Court and the shorter, Bayfield Way. Bayfield Court travels in perpendicular lines through Bayfield Station—yes, in the shape of a “T”. Bayfield Way branches off Bayfield Court near the entrance and is about 150 feet long. The Bayfield Station townhouses are laid out in groups, most of which have frontage on Bayfield Court, which is the Bayfield Station Cluster’s main road, providing the entrance to and access through the community. Three groups of townhouses are built facing into the wooded buffer areas. They are located at a distance from the parking area and must be accessed by walkway. The Bayfield Station Cluster has some unique combinations of features. The aspects of a suburban neighborhood are represented by the miniature Ranch townhouses and the fenced back yards. The T-shaped road layout provides a suburban neighborhood microcosm along the back road with its “dead ends”, a suburban concept with children playing out front. Bayfield Station Cluster also manages to create an urban row house feel along the center road section. A large group of townhouses, eight in a row, lines one side of the street. The urban aspects present in the sidewalk, black lamp posts, and repeating tall flights of stairs are now visible. More information is available at the community’s website: www.bayfieldstation.org. For a video tour of the neighborhood: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=8zm0x9U5w88 . Shopping and Entertainment: The Bayfield Station cluster is convenient to a range of amenities, starting with the North Point Village Center, just minutes away by car or on foot. The North Point Village Center includes a Giant food store, gas station, several banks, a selection of restaurants, a gym, dance studio, and retail stores. The close proximity of Bayfield Station to Reston Parkway makes Herndon shopping centers very easy to reach, with Home Depot about a block own the street. Reston Town Center is a little over a mile from Bayfield Station. The Town Center is Reston’s urban hub with plenty of shopping and dining. Entertainment at the Town Center includes an eleven-screen movie theater featuring BTX auditoriums and an open air pavilion that hosts year-round events including concerts, festivals, and ice skating in the winter. Outdoor Recreation: The Reston Association provides recreational facilities, including swimming pools, tennis courts, trails, and parks, for the benefit of Reston homeowners, tenants, and guests. Bayfield Station is convenient to the Lake Newport Recreation Area and the Autumnwood Park. Both have a pool, soccer field, basketball court and playground. Lake Newport Rec. Area also has a baseball field and volleyball court. Autumnwood also has tennis courts. A bit farther away but still within a mile is Brown’s Chapel Park for access to multiple trail networks, the Lake Newport tennis courts, featuring six lighted courts, plus facilities for other sports-baseball, basketball, volleyball. Brown’s Chapel Park. also has a pavilion for large scale picnicking and provides access to Lake Newport for small, non-motorized boating or fishing. Trails: Reston Pathways, consisting of a 55 mile network of multi-use trails, most of which are paved, can be accessed easily from Bayfield Station. Individual trails of the Reston Pathways network are identified by both name and color. The North Point Loop, also called the Pink Trail, provides easy walking access to the North Point Village Center and nearby recreation areas. The Pink Trail also joins the trail network via the Blue Trail for access to other parts of Reston. Public: The public schools serving Bayfield Station are Armstrong Elementary School, Herndon Middle School, and Herndon High School. Fairfax County public schools (frequently abbreviated as “FCPS”) are administered by location. The county is divided into Regions then further divided into “pyramids”. Each pyramid represents a high school and contains the middle and elementary schools that feed into it. The locations for elementary schools are called boundaries. Using this terminology, the Bayfield Station Cluster would be located in the Region 1, Herndon High School pyramid and the Armstrong Elementary School boundary. The FCPS website has more information and can be viewed at http://commweb.fcps.edu/directory/region.cfm. Private: A number of preschools and private schools for elementary to middle school aged students are located nearby in Reston, including three Montessori schools , the Oasis School, and Edlin School. Private schools serving high school students are located in other areas of Fairfax County, notably the Madeira School in McLean and Flint Hill in Oakton. Higher education: Northern Virginia Community College’s Reston Center is located on Wiehle Avenue, three miles from the Bayfield Station Cluster. In the same building complex is also Marymount University’s Reston Center, offering adult education. Transportation, Public Services Metro, Bus: The Silver Line Metro Station is three miles from Bayfield Station. Public transportation is accessible from the Bayfield Station Cluster via Fairfax County’s Reston bus service, RIBS (Reston Internal Bus System). The RIBS 4 bus runs throughout the day, providing service to the Silver Line Metro Station and other Reston locations. Car: Bayfield Station is convenient to Reston Parkway and major roadways in the area, including Route 7 and Fairfax County Parkway. The Dulles Toll Road entrance is less than one mile away. Proximity to other public services: The Reston Hospital Center is less than one and a half miles away. The Reston Regional Library is also within a mile and a half of Bayfield Station. The post office is three miles away. There is a police station about a mile away. All Bayfield Station homeowners are members of the Bayfield Station Cluster Association, a Virginia corporation formed to enable Bayfield Station homeowners to self-govern the community. As members of the community, homeowners share both the benefits and the responsibilities of using and enjoying common areas such as open space, streets, and sidewalks. Members pay yearly dues to the Association for the maintenance of common areas and for other necessary expenses, such as recycling pickup, landscaping, and snowplowing in the winter. A volunteer Board of Directors is elected to conduct these and other affairs to preserve the value and appeal of the neighborhood and to ensure its comfort and safety for everyone. City AnyGreat FallsHerndonReston Latest Reston Real Estate	cc/2019-30/en_head_0021.json.gz/line12733
__label__cc	0.54954	0.45046	15 Million Hit by #Equifax Hacking – #How Can You Stay#Secure Online? October 17, 2017 Category: Breaking News After suffering a major data breach earlier this year, credit rating company Equifax now believes that the number of UK customers had their information stolen has doubled from their initial estimate, and that millions more could have had their details compromised. The firm is contacting almost 700,000 UK customers to warn them about having had their data stolen in the attack. Equifax’s original estimates were that “fewer than 400,000” were affected by the leak in the UK. However, it has since revised this estimate to say that it now believes over 690,000 people could have had their data, including email addresses, passwords, driving license and phone numbers, leaked. The revised figure comes after investigators looking into the Equifax breached discovered another file had been stolen. Last Tuesday night it became apparent that criminals had targeted 15.2 million records in the UK. The stolen data included partial credit card details of fewer than 15,000 customers. The hackers responsible for the theft may also have compromised a further 14.5 million records including details such as names and birth dates, which could be used by fraudsters to carry out identity theft. If you are concerned that you may have been affected by the leak, here are some security tips to stay safe: Check your bank accounts To stay vigilant against losing money to identity theft, make sure you regularly check your bank accounts for any sign of activity that wasn’t you. If unknown transactions do appear, this may be identity thieves using your stolen details to borrow money, or make payments. It is also worth keeping an eye on accounts you have with online retailers or any internet services you are signed up to and report any suspicious activity. Change your passwords A very easy and often overlooked security tip is to regularly change your internet passwords to reduce the likelihood of someone else being able to regularly access your account. Many companies also offer an additional layer of security called called two-stage verification — where you have to enter both a password and a code sent to your phone to access your account. Make sure to come up with strong passwords using words, phrases, and numbers that mean something only to you, not easily obtainable details like birthdays etc. and include symbols, capital letters and punctuation marks to make it especially difficult for hackers to guess your passwords. Equifax’s systems in the US were compromised by cyber criminals between May and July, allowing the hackers to steal the information of millions of customers. Approximately 14.5 million consumers in the US could have been affected in the attack – a figure that Equifax had also underestimated initially. The US-based credit reference agency said the details of some British people had been stored across the Atlantic, resulting in them being implicated in the hack. Richard Smith, Equifax chief executive and chairman, stepped down in the weeks after the hack was reported. The company, which holds data on around 820 million consumers and 91 million companies, said it faced a “massive” task responding to the hack. Patricio Remon, Equifax’s president for Europe, said: “Once again, I would like to extend my most sincere apologies to anyone who has been concerned about or impacted by this criminal act. It has been regrettable that we have not been able to contact consumers who may have been impacted until now, but it would not have been appropriate for us to do so until the full facts of this complex attack were known, and the full forensics investigation was completed.” Equifax said customers who receive a letter from the firm can make use of its identity protection service and contact its staff through a seven-day help line. It advised that it will never contact consumers to ask for money or personal information, and that it will never cite their details in correspondence. Remon added: “I urge anyone who receives a letter from Equifax to take advantage of the remedial services being offered to help mitigate against any risk, or to contact us should you have any questions.” Source:https://www.moneyexpert.com/1uncategorized/15-million-hit-equifax-hacking-can-stay-secure-online/ Posted in Breaking News, Hackers In The News, Hacking	cc/2019-30/en_head_0021.json.gz/line12743
__label__wiki	0.857167	0.857167	World Bank: Troubled Turkish Cypriot banks not peace burden NICOSIA, Cyprus — The World Bank says integrating Turkish Cypriot financial institutions into a single banking system if ethnically divided Cyprus is reunified is unlikely to increase risks in the sector because of their relatively small size. The Bank said in a statement to The Associated Press Wednesday that according to official figures, total assets of the entire banking sector in the island’s breakaway Turkish Cypriot north amount to 5 billion euros ($5.89 billion). That’s less than 6 per cent of banking assets in the internationally recognized south. The health of troubled Turkish Cypriot banks has been an important component of talks to reunify the island, which collapsed in July. The bank said it’s unclear whether Turkish Cypriot banks would need to be recapitalized and by how much because no tests have been conducted.	cc/2019-30/en_head_0021.json.gz/line12744
__label__cc	0.625187	0.374813	Medical Resources for NDs Medical Resources for NDs2014-02-012014-02-01https://ndnr.com/wp-content/uploads/2015/09/ndnr-logo-with-web1-300x169-copy.pngNaturopathic Doctor News and Reviewhttps://ndnr.com/wp-content/uploads/2015/09/ndnr-logo-with-web1-300x169-copy.png200px200px Reviews of Current and Useful Publications Jacob Schor, ND Enteroimmunology: An Introduction to the Enteric Immune System and Clinical Guide to Treatment of Enteroimmune Diseases On November 2, 1998, PBS aired an episode of the children’s show, Arthur, entitled “The Chips are Down.” In this episode, Arthur and Buster trick DW into thinking that the big green potato chip she ate was poisonous. Binky eats one too and both make the best of the last days of their lives. Among the anthropomorphic aardvarks that populate this cartoon series, Binky is the grade-school bully. He takes up ballet lessons. After all these years, I now understand why green potatoes are poisonous. I know all about green potatoes because Charles Alan Lewis, the author of the book, Enteroimmunology, has an admirable habit of providing the sorts of extra details that border on trivia, but which make the book fascinating to read. Enteroimmunology is defined as the prevention and treatment of diseases that are initiated in the intestine. Our naturopathic view of health suggests that most diseases are initiated and cured in the intestine. The information covered in this book thus should be the foundation of our practices. Yet much of it was new to me. My undergraduate training was as a food scientist and I’ve been in naturopathic practice for more than 2 decades. I had no idea how little I understood about digestion and the mishaps that interfere with it until I read this book. Of course, I know the basics: Half of our immune cells guard the intestinal borders, the gut microflora far outnumber the cells in our body, dybiosis give rise to no end of problems. We certainly know those basic facts, but that’s it. We rarely consider digestion in the depth we should to help the patients who come through our doors. In this book, Lewis provides more of the information we need to be helpful to our patients.. Framing the gut as an immune control system that regulates other diseases provides a way to understand and treat a wide range of conditions not commonly associated with gastrointestinal function. Pain, fibromyalgia, autoimmune diseases, inflammatory diseases, and mood disorders can all be considered diseases of gut immunity. Lewis brings together and presents in a logical and comprehensive manner much of the scattered information we are aware of, but he writes about it in greater detail and richer depth than we would normally find. The first 8 chapters of the book review digestive function, with separate chapters on digestion of carbohydrates, fats, proteins, the bowel’s inhabitants, and the various functional mishaps that give rise to maldigestion, in particular flatulence and diarrhea. Lewis has created numerous charts and lists to summarize the information. Lewis has an appreciation for clinical pearls and trivia that was to my liking but which prevented me from skimming the material. I didn’t want to miss anything. Typically I use textbooks to look up details, to read up on a particular topic. This book, by contrast, is a text you will want to read page by page. What’s worse is that I now want to go back and re-read some sections so as not to forget the details. That says a lot about the material. Chapters 8 and 9 cover metabolic syndrome, the evolutionary blame for which Lewis lays on a pair of meteors that hit Europe 14 million years ago. Chapters 10 through 16 cover immune cells, hypersensitivity, IgE food reactions, mast cell disorders, bioactive amines and mast cells that cause pseudo-allergies, leukotriene-associated hypersensitivity, and reactions to enzymes in food and the effects of cooking on these reactions. Obviously, indigestion involves more than food intolerance or food allergy. Chapters 17 through 23 address immune hypersensitivity reactions, chocolate, wine, vitamin D, gluten diseases, biofilms and dysbiosis, and mitochondrial oxidation in further detail. Once a foundation of understanding intestinal dysfunction has been laid, Lewis addresses the problems that we see in our patients and writes about how to treat them. Chapters 24 to 36 tackle small intestinal bacterial overgrowth, leaky gut, irritable bowel, interstitial cystitis, headaches, hypothalamic-pituitary problems, mood disorders, fibromyalgia, autoimmune disease, sexual function, autism, acne, rage, sleep, cancer, and osteoporosis. The book is divided into 42 chapters. In these chapters Lewis provides concise, well-referenced summaries of the current knowledge, providing solid and useful information of clinical utility. Lewis does not simply tell us that inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) patients, in particular those with ulcerative colitis, should avoid potatoes; he explains why potatoes are a problem, providing half-a-dozen or so mechanisms. Perhaps the most interesting explanation is that potatoes contain glycoalkaloids, in particular solanine and chaconine, that induce changes to the mucosal membrane integrity of the intestine and, in mouse models, increase colonic permeability. The amount of glycoalkaloids in potatoes vary according to a number of factors, including injury during harvesting and, perhaps most important, sun exposure. Most of the glycoalkaloids are close to the skin of the potato. These toxins are useful to the potato because they discourage insects and other animals from eating the tubers. Light exposure triggers production of more toxins. The greenish tint in potatoes is from chlorophyll forming in response to sun exposure, but this green color closely correlates with higher glycoalkaloid levels as well. Cooking does not destroy these alkaloids. Sprouted potatoes should never be eaten. Green potatoes may not kill you, but they are certainly not good for your health and are clearly bad for patients with IBD. Thus we have one more useful thing that our kids learned by watching Arthur on PBS. This is not just a nice book, it is the textbook for a course that was missing in naturopathic medical school. The book contains information fundamental to our daily practices and can help explain what is behind some of the weird and peculiar GI problems that our patients complain about. The book is not perfect. While the information contained in it is excellent, the production is less so. It was self-published and clearly lacks the benefit of a copy editor to find and correct mistakes. There is an abundance of small errors and typos. The big words are correct; it’s the small words that are misplaced, misused, and misspelled. It feels amateurish. The charts contain useful information but they too would have benefited from a graphic designer. The index is 1 page long and is inadequate; it does not even list fructose, flatulence, thyroid, or even diarrhea. It is customary for many skilled people to contribute to transforming content into a polished publication, people who just weren’t there in this case. Assuming that these problems will be remedied in the next edition, I’d suggest you put this on your required reading list. Title: Enteroimmunology: An Introduction to the Enteric Immune System and Clinical Guide to Treatment of Enteroimmune Diseases Author: Charles Alan Lewis, MD Publisher: Psy Press Style: Soft Cover Amazon: $71.96 Jacob Schor, ND, FABNO is a 1991 graduate of NCNM and has practiced in Denver for the past 17 years. He served as president of the CANP from 1992 to 1999. He has served on the board of directors of the OncANP since 2006 and currently acts as secretary to the board. He is a Fellow of the ABNO. He was utterly shocked and humbled at the 2008 convention of the AANP to be presented with the Vis Award, an honor bestowed in the memory of William Mitchell. He is incredibly lucky to practice with his wife, Rena Bloom, ND. Dr Schor writes newsletters for his patients that are popular with doctors and students. Visit www.DenverNaturopathic.com. You can contact Dr Schor at Jacob@DenverNaturopathic.com. On the Path Toward Health and Healing: Interview with Barry Taylor, NDEducation Naturopathic Practice: The Model I Hold DearEducation	cc/2019-30/en_head_0021.json.gz/line12746
__label__cc	0.562114	0.437886	Jeroen van den Hoven, John Weckert (eds.) Information Technology and Moral Philosophy Jeroen van den Hoven and John Weckert (eds.), Information Technology and Moral Philosophy, Cambridge University Press, 2008, 415pp., $90.00 (hbk), ISBN 9780521855495. Reviewed by Laurinda B. Harman, Temple University The intersection of information technology and moral philosophy is of great importance. Given the power of information technology, these academic and application areas of expertise cannot exist in separate silos. Van den Hoven and Weckert have brought together experts who help us to understand the theory and practice and the past, present and future considerations of technological systems that require moral guidance in design and utilization. The focus on technology and human relationships increases ethical imperatives because what is done, how it is done and what the intended (and sometimes unintended) outcomes are must be carefully examined. This book brings information technology and moral philosophy out of the mountain-top retreats into the world of work. These discussions could be unfathomable and hidden behind complex jargon for both disciplines. The chapter authors have had the moral courage to address important questions and readers will find their essays understandable and provocative and could often respond with "that is a great way to frame this problem." Whether you define yourself as an academician, practitioner, scholar-practitioner or student, and regardless of your years of experience, you will find this book to be informative and thought-provoking. Clinicians, researchers, educators, philosophers, ethicists, information technology experts, social scientists, politicians, religious and spiritual leaders and many others will be challenged and informed by the content of this book. The book explores a myriad of topics: freedom, equality, metaphysics, genetics, neuroscience, nanotechnology, public policy, information ethics, transnational and global ethics, the intersection of the internet and human relationships, moral agency of computer systems, intellectual property and privacy, technology and values, and information justice, to name a few. If you are attracted to the title of this book, you are guaranteed exposure to thought-provoking analyses. Terrell Ward Bynum ("Norbert Wiener and the Rise of Information Ethics") frames the roles of science, technology, ethics and information ethics, from historical and current perspectives, noting that we are dependent on information processing. Bynum addresses issues raised by cybernetics. He points out that a social and ethical revolution is occurring and that we must consider the implications of computers as potential moral agents. We are proceeding without a policy; Bynum urges us to consider the risks this entails. James H. Moor ("Why We Need Better Ethics for Emerging Technologies") considers how best to answer the question posed by the title of his essay. He suggests that we cannot continue using past modes of inquiry given the emergence of genetic technologies (which are employed in developing food and medicine, and which introduce changes to biological life), nanotechnology (which makes use of material malleability to produce protective films and biosensors) and neurotechnology (which is used, for example, in brain scanning and pharmaceutical treatments). Moor asks whether society and public policy are ready to cope with these realities. Computers are changing how we work, interact with others, communicate and use our bodies and minds. Moral philosophy and ethical principles will be essential in the context of building new bodies, minds and environments. Moor recognizes that while it would be better if ethical deliberations preceded technological interventions, that is a luxury we do not have. So he encourages proactive interdisciplinary collaboration. In "Information Ethics: Its Nature and Scope", Luciano Floridi classifies the emergence of information ethics (IE) as ontocentric, patient-oriented and ecological. He argues that we need an ethic of creative stewardship for the present and future. And he goes on to discuss biocentric ethics as it deals with life and suffering, moral agency, and moral responsibility. James Bohman ("The Transformation of the Public Sphere: Political Authority, Communicative Freedom, and Internet Publics") identifies the risks and benefits of public space, including the role of politics, the legal system and economic authorities. He suggests that the public sphere, through Internet capabilities, requires transnational policies that "have to look for ways in which to distribute the processes of popular control and influence across institutional structures and levels" (72). Cass R. Sunstein continues the exploration of the Internet in "Democracy and the Internet" and argues that it is a "great boon" for democracy, holding far more promise than risk. He considers the risks and benefits of group polarization and social cascades. While recognizing that knowledge is power, Sunstein suggests that a free republic and the capacities of the Internet are compatible. Alvin I. Goldman ("The Social Epistemology of Blogging") takes the discussion of the Internet’s capabilities in another direction: blogging. Blogging, a collective enterprise, is a source of news and journalism for many, and is created without the benefit of peer review and filtering. Goldman asks whether words on the computer screen are considered 'truth' by the public, and if so, what the implications of this are in the long run. In "Plural Selves and Relational Identity: Intimacy and Privacy Online", Dean Cocking explores identities and relationships that are formed, with speed and anonymity, across global boundaries. He points out that the individual can decide who to let in and who to exclude from identities and relationships. The ability to form close relationships is challenged, given that a person can insulate the private self from observation, judgment and interpretation by others -- inherent outcomes of face-to-face relationships. Steve Mathews ("Identity and Information Technology") continues the discussion about identity in the technological world through an exploration of Internet communication and cyborgisation. Humans are informational agents and the Internet eliminates the power of embodiment. Mathews argues for the importance of embodiment (one of the anchors for values) and self- or character-identity in the public sphere. He notes that "if IT affects the way others see me, especially in virtue of the ways it alerts various modes of social communication, then it will come to affect the way I see myself" (144). This raises the question: is the degree of control over identity, in the context of IT communication, increased or decreased? Philip Pettit ("Trust, Reliance, and the Internet") explores trust and reliance for Internet communication and argues that there are limitations. Can we trust those we communicate with in the electronic world, people with whom we don't have face-to-face encounters, who are outside personal, human relationships and identities? Telepresence is increasing. Only time will tell how trust might change in the support of human relationships that emerge through Internet communication systems. Geoffrey Brennan and Philip Pettit ("Esteem, Identifiability, and the Internet") expand the discussion of human persona and the Internet through the screens of esteem and identifiability. Brennan and Pettit examine e-identity and e-reputations and contend that the emerging virtual space dynamics will be very similar to interactions that occur face-to-face. In an essay of particular importance for researchers, and students who aspire to become researchers, Charles Ess ("Culture and Global Networks: Hope for a Global Ethics?") addresses global research ethics. He points to important differences around the world on positions about issues of privacy and control (or lack of control) over personal information, autonomy, informed consent and the risks of informational research. Ess proposes that a global ethics is possible, albeit difficult, given the realities of different cultural traditions. Seumas Miller ("Collective Responsibility and Information and Communication Technology") ups the ante with a discussion of collective moral responsibility -- both acts of commission and omission -- in the context of global problems such as the environment and poverty. Miller explores the use of communication technology in the collection, storage and retrieval of knowledge to help solve these problems. He argues that large databases and sophisticated data- mining capabilities increase our moral responsibility for making decisions. Miller provides an important analysis of intentionality, truth, values and responsibility for actions. Deborah G. Johnson and Thomas M. Powers ("Computers As Surrogate Agents") pursue the question "could computers, computer programs and robots be considered moral agents?". While this is a future-based question, it is one that deserves exploration. If computers were to have human characteristics, intelligence, and consciousness, or were able to perform rational or intentional acts, how would humans respond to the good and evil outcomes those computers would generate? (I was reminded of HAL in 2001: A Space Odyssey: "Open the bay hatch door, HAL." "I'm sorry, I can't do that Dave.") Johnson and Powers consider the problems of incompetency and intentional wrong-doing we would face were computers moral agents. They argue that surrogate agency is a model that we can apply and they explore existing examples of agency. Wendy J. Gordon ("Moral Philosophy, Information Technology, and Copyright") examines the Grokster Case, a Supreme Court copyright case involving a decentralized peer-to-peer technology process that allows copying and distribution of music, in violation of copyright law. Jeroen van den Hoven ("Information Technology, Privacy, and the Protection of Personal Data") discusses the risks and benefits of collecting, using and disseminating personal information, across a continuum (financial, clinical, consumer systems and the like). Electronic Health Record (EHR) systems are being implemented throughout the country and this chapter will be of particular interest to those developing and managing these systems. Van den Hoven asks whether, although there is moral justification for the right to privacy, privacy can be preserved when electronic systems are implemented. He explores legal, practical, technical and political issues in light of the desire for personal information by the government, commercial entities, employers, healthcare systems and the like. Van den Hoven writes that "It may well be the case that given the prominence and importance of identity management technology, RFID technology, profiling and data mining, and genetic profiling, we need to have a new look at the dominant referential interpretation of personal data" (310). He asks whether we can build systems that are just and prevent harm or exploitation, inequality or discrimination. If not, privacy protection has become an oxymoronic phrase. Mary Flanagan, Daniel C. Howe and Helen Nissenbaum ("Embodying Values in Technology: Theory and Practice") ask us to think about designing value-based systems. They consider a case study, RAPUNSEL, "a large multidisciplinary collaboration aimed at designing and implementing an experimental game prototype to promote interest and competency in computer programming among girls of middle-school age, including girls from disadvantaged home environments" (331). They conclude that this research project demonstrates that values can be incorporated in the design process. Dag Elgesem ("Information Technology and Research Ethics") considers the ethical implications of manipulating or changing the genetic code of living beings and of nanotechnology and robotics. (Once again, the past’s "science fiction" is recognizable in present day reality.) Elgesem explores the role of values in research design and the values and obligations of the researcher (e.g., how do we proceed knowing that research subjects can be harmed?). He also assesses the role of ethics for artificial intelligence researchers. Jeroen van den Hoven and Emma Rooksby ("Distributive Justice and the Value of Information: A (Broadly) Rawlsian Approach") analyze access to and availability of information on both national and global levels. They point to underlying factors, including the impact of poverty, the level of literacy, the lack of access to technology, and the availability of educational interventions. They also note that an argument can be made that access to information is a Rawlsian primary good. I thoroughly enjoyed reading this book. It helps better frame our understanding of the power of emerging technologies, a power that increases our moral responsibility for the decisions that are to be made not just for ourselves but for others, including those in future generations. A new M.S. in Health Informatics program will start at Temple University next year, and this text will be on our booklist for those students. I look forward to the dialogue that van den Hoven and Weckert's book will generate.	cc/2019-30/en_head_0021.json.gz/line12747
__label__cc	0.663673	0.336327	\| Tag: San Francisco You are here: Home / San Francisco Nothing Stable under Heaven at the San Francisco Museum of Modern Art November 23, 2018 /in Autumn 2018_#Mapping, Exhibition Reviews, Reviews /by Greg DeCuir At its best, it is carefully-constructed chaos. At its worst, it is equally chaotic but less carefully constructed. Nothing Stable under Heaven (https://www.sfmoma.org/exhibition/nothing-stable-under-heaven/) is an exhibition that bombards you from all angles as it forces you to juggle different and sometimes jumbled social issues and themes. Running at the San Francisco Museum of Modern Art […] https://www.necsus-ejms.org/wp-content/uploads/Necsus-01.png 0 0 Greg DeCuir https://www.necsus-ejms.org/wp-content/uploads/Necsus-01.png Greg DeCuir2018-11-23 17:41:342018-12-12 08:10:49Nothing Stable under Heaven at the San Francisco Museum of Modern Art Breaking down the tribes: Opening night films at Frameline and Sydney Mardi Gras Film Festival December 6, 2017 /in Autumn 2017_#Dress, Festival Reviews, Reviews /by Greg DeCuir The opening night film for an LGBTQ film festival is a rare opportunity to bring all the members of the community together. As such, it is imperative for the films in this privileged position to resonate with audiences beyond merely having a gay or lesbian character. The queerness of the films of these festivals can […] https://www.necsus-ejms.org/wp-content/uploads/Necsus-01.png 0 0 Greg DeCuir https://www.necsus-ejms.org/wp-content/uploads/Necsus-01.png Greg DeCuir2017-12-06 23:25:532017-12-06 23:25:53Breaking down the tribes: Opening night films at Frameline and Sydney Mardi Gras Film Festival	cc/2019-30/en_head_0021.json.gz/line12748

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