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Game Show Guru Ken Jennings Gets Owned on ‘500 Questions’
Ken Jennings may be the winningest Jeopardy contest in the history of the show, and he may have amassed more than $3 million over the course of his various game show appearances, but when he tried his hand at 500 Questions, he got owned.
Jennings was the first contestant for the Season 2 premiere of the show, and he lasted only four questions. Considering he won 74 consecutive games of Jeopardy, it was surprising that he left 496 questions on the table in 500 Questions.
In the game, a challenger gets to pick the category for the questions the player has to answer, and Jennings’ competitor realized his weakness was the French category. The game relies on the “three strikes and you’re out” rule, and while he got the first question right, the next three were a disaster.
But don’t feel too bad for Jennings. As his competitor pointed out, “He was really one of the first people that I saw, and I was like, ‘You can get famous for being a nerd? This is awesome!’”
The 500 Questions finale airs June 1 at 8 p.m. on ABC.
See the Jeopardy champion who is getting under people’s skin:
Tell us what you think! Hit us up on Twitter, Facebook, or Instagram — or leave your comments below. And check out our host, Cynthia LuCiette, on Twitter, Facebook, and Instagram.
Officer avoids charges in Eric Garner's death
Stewies Revenge: I suppose the message of "cooperate with police" has been lost in all this.
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by Juan Barquin · November 26, 2012
Director: Xavier Dolan
Screenplay by: Xavier Dolan
Cast: Melvil Poupaud, Suzanne Clément, Nathalie Baye, Monia Chokri, Yves Jacques, Catherine Bégin, Sophie Faucher, Guylaine Tremblay, Patricia Tulasne, Mario Geoffrey
Misrepresentation of trans identity in cinema is one of the worst out of the entire LGBT community, and filmmakers who truly care about their trans characters are difficult to find. In comes Xavier Dolan with Laurence Anyways, a refreshing but rough look at what one person and their partner go through on their journey to embracing the woman they’ve always known they were.
Laurence Alia (Poupaud) has been living as a man for thirty five years. It proves to be a lie that she can no longer live with, and she begins to reveal her longing to be acknowledged as a woman to those closest to her. The film chronicles ten years in Laurence’s life, focusing on her womanhood and the relationship between her and Fred (Clement), the woman she loves.
Xavier Dolan is progressing as a director with each and every film, but he still seems to find himself falling into the same missteps seen in his previous films. He clearly cares a lot about visual storytelling, and likely has dreams of being the next Pedro Almodovar, but in an almost three hour film, there are far too many scenes cut in that feel like the music video moments from I Killed My Mother and Heartbeats. The camerawork fights with itself, gorgeous and static one moment, then messy and handheld the next.
Things start getting a little too eccentric and unfocused at about the halfway point, when Dolan draws attention away from Laurence and her relationship by adding in unnecessary scenes and characters. Considering that this couple and the trials they endure over the years is the film’s driving force, it’s a shame to see it digress from it so often. Most of the dialogue is very solid though, and while some bits are far too contemporary for the film’s period, they still prove to be useful for character development.
In addition to the relationship between Laurence and Fred, Laurence Anyways offers a much better depiction of the relationship between mother and child than I Killed My Mother did. It’s impossible to imagine what a parent goes through when learning that the child she’s known as a son would like to be known as a woman, but their interactions will surely feel familiar to those who have come out and dealt with the initial confusion and resentment, only to be accepted and loved no matter what. These scenes that focus on struggling relationships one can emotionally relate to and are what helps the film rise above all those aforementioned flaws.
There’s a certain confidence to Laurence when she chooses to strut through the halls of her school in women’s clothing, even when dealing with overwhelming insecurities and the expected judgmental glances, and Melvil Poupaud knows just how to express this in his acting. Suzanne Clement’s work is just as impressive as his, and their interactions are amazing to watch, even when the scenes aren’t all that well scripted. With all its ups and downs, Clement and Poupaud really make you believe that this truly beautiful relationship is real.
Even with all its eccentricities and faults, Xavier Dolan’s latest film actually cares about its characters and that’s something to genuinely be thankful for when the lead is a trans woman. Had it been a little more concise and clean-cut, Laurence Anyways could have been magnificent, but it’s still a film that’s definitely worth checking out.
Tags: amy recommendscountry: canadacountry: francegenre: dramagenre: lgbtgenre: romancemood: casualmood: heartbrokenmood: in lovemood: quirkysuzanne clementxavier dolanyear: 2012
Juan Barquin
Just yer average twenty-something college student with no time on his hands who ends up watching (and writing) too many movies and shows for his own good.
Next story Lizzie Bennet Diaries, The
Previous story Life of Pi (2012)
Laurence Anyways Trailer
Around the World: It’s All About Japanese Cinema at the Shanghai Film Fest
Around the World: Snow White and the Huntsman (Nearly) Worldwide
Beginner’s Guide to Commercial LGBT Films
Our Favorite Male Characters
Godin & Barquin’s Cinephile’s Choice: Top 50 Greatest Films of All Time
YAM – Issue 012
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UPCOMING and GIVEAWAY: Marvel Universe Live at Little Caesars Arena, Detroit {ends 6/26}
*Disclosure: I received show tickets from 313 Presents in exchange for this post. The opinions expressed here, however, are my own.
I last saw Marvel Universe Live in 2015, when it came to the Palace, and this year it is back in town again, from November 15-18, at Little Caesars Arena.
Read on for more info and to find out how to win 4 tickets!
Marvel fans, assemble for this live, legendary battle to defend the universe from evil. The Avengers, the Guardians of the Galaxy and Spider-Man join forces with Doctor Strange, master of the mystic arts, in a race against time to recover the Wand of Watoomb before it falls into Loki’s hands in this all-new, spectacular arena stunt show. Produced by Feld Entertainment, Marvel Universe LIVE! is performing at Little Caesars Arena from Thursday, November 15 to Sunday, November 18 for 8 performances.
Tickets (starting at $20) are on sale now. and can be purchased at 313Presents.com, Little Caesars Arena XFINITY box office and Ticketmaster.com. To charge tickets by phone, call 800-745-3000. Groups of 10 or more receive a discount by calling 313-471-3099.
Star-Lord, Gamora, Rocket, Groot and Drax make their live production debut bringing their courage and misfit wit to Marvel Universe LIVE! Alongside Iron Man, Captain America, Thor, Black Panther, Hulk, Black Widow, Wasp and Iron Fist, the Guardians of the Galaxy help fight the scheming, menacing and loathsome villains Loki, Yondu and Green Goblin. Audiences will join in the quest that sparks new feuds with old foes, pitting student against mentor, sister against sister and brother against brother.
Witness cutting-edge special effects, aerial maneuvers, pyrotechnics, martial arts, motorcycle stunts and vast 3D video projection mapping in this completely new thrilling adventure. Fans of all ages will be immersed in the Marvel Universe and experience it all with their family…LIVE!
To discover more about Marvel Universe LIVE!, go to www.marveluniverselive.com.
Performance Schedule:
Thursday, November 15, 7 p.m.
Friday, November 16, 11 a.m. & 7 p.m.
Saturday, November 17, 11 a.m., 3 p.m. & 7 p.m.
Sunday, November 18, 12 p.m. & 4 p.m.
One of my lucky readers will win a 4-pack of tickets to the Thursday, November 15th show, 7pm at LCA!
Enter to win via the widget below. Giveaway will end on Tuesday, June 26th, at 11:59pm EST, and winner will be notified via email the next day, and have 24 hours to respond, or an alternate winner will be chosen.
4 tickets to Marvel Universe Live, 11/15 at Little Caesars Arena, Detroit
Detroit Little Caesars Arena Marvel
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Wharton Club of San Diego
Board and Operating Committee
Wharton San Diego Bylaws
ARTICLE I – PURPOSE AND MISSION
ARTICLE II - PRINCIPAL OFFICE
ARTICLE III - MEMBERSHIP SECTION 1
ARTICLE III - BOARD OF DIRECTORS
ARTICLE IV - OFFICERS
ARTICLE VI - COMMITTEES
ARTICLE VII - INDEMNIFICATION
ARTICLE VIII – PRIVACY AND CONFIDENTIALITY POLICIES
ARTICLE IX - MISCELLANEOUS
To the fullest extent permitted by law, this corporation shall indemnify its directors, officers, employees, and other agents as described in California Corporations Code Section 7237(a), including persons formerly occupying any such positions, against all expenses, judgments, fines, settlements, and other amounts actually and reasonably incurred by them in connection with any threatened, pending or completed action or proceeding, whether civil, criminal, administrative or investigative, by reason of the fact that the person is or was a director, officer, employee, or other agent; provided, however, that such director, officer, employee, or other agent must have acted in good faith, in a manner such a person reasonable believed to be in the best interests of the corporation and, in the case of a criminal proceeding, with no reasonable cause to believe that the conduct of such person was unlawful. “Expenses,” as used in this bylaw, shall have the same meaning as in that section of the California Corporations Code. With respect to any threatened, pending or completed action brought to procure a judgment in favor of the corporation by or in the right of the corporation, under Section 5233 of the California Corporations Code made applicable pursuant to Section 7238, or by the Attorney General of the State of California or a person granted relator status by the Attorney General for breach of duty relating to assets held in charitable trust, the corporation shall indemnify each director and officer, upon a written request from such person seeking indemnification, whether or not then in office, who was or is or is threatened to be made a party to such action by reason of the fact that such director or officer was or is an agent of the corporation, against expenses (including attorneys' fees) actually and reasonably incurred by such director or officer in connection with the defense or settlement of such action; provided, however, that such director or officer must have acted in good faith, in a manner such person believed to be in the best interest of the corporation and with such care, including reasonable inquiry, as an ordinarily prudent person in a like position would have used under similar circumstances. No indemnification shall be made under this section (i) of amounts paid in settling or otherwise disposing of a threatened or pending action, with or without court approval, (ii) of expenses incurred in defending a threatened or pending action which is settled or otherwise disposed of without court approval unless it is settled with the approval of the Attorney General, or (iii) with respect to any claim, issue or matter was to which the director or officer shall have been adjudged liable to the corporation in the performance of such person's duty to the corporation, unless the court in which such proceeding was or is entitled to indemnity for expenses specifies by the court in light of all the circumstances of the case.
Jade Parker published this page in Wharton San Diego Bylaws 2018-09-24 08:09:39 -0700
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About WIA Report
Employment Zone
Women In Academia Report
Tracking the Progress of Women in American Higher Education
Eleven Women Who Have Been Appointed to New Administrative Positions at Colleges and Universities
Posted on Jul 11, 2019 | Comments 0
Marie Collins has been named senior vice president of academic affairs at Hodges University in Naples, Florida. She has served as the director of program development in the university’s School of Health Sciences since August 2018.
Dr. Collins holds a bachelor’s degree in dental hygiene and a master’s degree in dental hygiene education both from the University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, and a doctorate in educational leadership and administration from Georgia Southern University.
Donna Stewartson has been named college operations director of the Gwen Ifill College of Media, Arts, and Humanities at Simmons University in Boston. She most recently served as community school director and program administrator at the MLK Jr. K-8 School/YMCA of Greater Boston.
Stewartson is a graduate of Boston College where she majored in political science with a minor in African American studies. She holds an MBA from Simmons University.
Leanna Blevins has been named assistant vice president for health, science, and technology education at the Virginia Tech-Carilion School of Medicine in Roanoke. She was the executive director of the New College Institute.
Dr. Blevins is a graduate of Virginia Tech where she majored in communication and media studies. She holds a master of education degree in social and philosophical foundations of education and a Ph.D. in higher education policy both from the University of Virginia.
Adrienne Wyatt is the new registrar at Lincoln University in Jefferson City, Missouri. She was registrar at Jarvis Christian College in Decatur, Georgia. Earlier, she was registrar and director of student information systems at the Morehouse School of Medicine in Atlanta.
Wyatt is a graduate of Shorter University in Rome, Georgia, where she majored in business administration. She earned an MBA through the University of Phoenix and is pursuing an educational doctorate from Fielding Graduate University.
Lashun Aron-Smith has been named vice president for academic affairs at Martin University in Indianapolis. She was director of academic initiatives in the School of Business at the University of Indianapolis.
Dr. Aron-Smith holds a doctorate in higher education with a specialization in administration and adult education from Argosy University in Chicago, Illinois.
Christy Pratt has been named director of admissions at the University of Notre Dame in Indiana. She was senior associate dean for undergraduate admissions at the University of Virginia.
Pratt is a graduate of Frostburg State University in Maryland. She holds a master’s degree from Hood College in Frederick, Maryland.
Elizabeth Hall has been named director of assessment for the College of Pharmacy at the University of Tennessee Health Science Center in Memphis. She was a clinical pharmacy specialist at St. Jude Children’s Research Hospital.
Dr. Hall holds a bachelor’s degree and doctor of pharmacy degree both from the University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill.
Pamela Richardson Wilks has been named chief of staff and assistant to the president for strategic initiatives at Edward Waters College in Jacksonville, Florida. She most recently served as associate vice president for academic affairs at Shaw University in Raleigh, North Carolina.
Dr. Wilks holds a bachelor’s degree in English and a master’s degree in English and African-American literature both from North Carolina A&T State University. She earned a Ph.D. in English, literature, and criticism from Indiana University of Pennsylvania.
Gail Cowie has been named a senior research professional in the Georgia Water Planning and Policy Center at Albany State University. She was the assistant branch chief at the Georgia Environmental Protection Division.
Dr. Cowie is a graduate of Wells College in Aurora, New York, where she majored in biology. She holds a master’s degree in zoology and a Ph.D. in public administration both from the University of Georgia.
Julie Jordan has been named interim vice president of research and economic development at Mississippi State University. She was the associate vice president for international programs and executive director of the MSU International Institute.
Jordan is a graduate of Mississippi State University.
Meghan S. Frost has been named the assistant vice president of development at Creighton University in Omaha, Nebraska. She was assistant vice president of development and alumni engagement at Northern Arizona University.
Frost is a graduate of Washington & Jefferson College in Washington, Pennsylvania, where she majored in English language and literature. She holds a master’s degree in rhetoric and communication from Ohio University.
Filed Under: Appointments
Tags: Albany State University • Creighton University • Edward Waters College • Hodges University • Lincoln University of Missouri • Martin University • Mississippi State University • Simmons University • UNiversity of Notre Dame • University of Tennessee Health Science Center • Virginia Tech
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Jobs for Women In Academia
Follow @WIAJobs for the latest job listings
Head of the Department of Visualization
Vascular Surgeon –Division Chief
Academic Colorectal Surgeon
Trauma / Critical Care / Emergency Surgeon
Cardiothoracic Surgeon Educator
Jessica Hooten Wilson Honored by the Dallas Institute of Humanities and Culture
Dora Clayton-Jones Named President of the International Association of Sickle Cell Nurses and Professional Associates
Three Women Scholars to Receive Lillian Smith Book Awards
New Administrative Positions in Higher Education for 11 Women
Mississippi State University Scholar’s Book to Be Honored by the American Sociological Association
Princeton University Announces the Promotion of Six Women Faculty Members
Northwest Nazarene University in Nampa, Idaho, Appoints Four Women to Dean Positions
Peggy Valentine Appointed to Lead Fayetteville State University in North Carolina
The Economic and Educational Status of Women One Year After Earning Their Bachelor’s Degree
Patricia Hsieh Selected as the Next President of Hartnell College in Salinas, California
A Simple Explanation for the Gender Gap in High-Level Mathematics
Sandra Fowler-Hill Is the New Leader of Clark College in Vancouver, Washington
Study Finds That Women Doctors Are Often Perceived as Nurses by Hospital Patients
Cheryl Evans Jones Appointed Acting President of Paine College in Augusta, Georgia
In Memoriam: Carol Becker Lynch, 1942-2019
Recent Books of Interest to Women Scholars
Online Articles of Interest to WIAReport Readers
In Memoriam: Carol Wolfe Konek, 1934-2019
National Institutes of Health Director Will Refuse to Serve on All-Male Academic Panels
In Memoriam: Marie Borroff, 1923-2019
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Past Features
Less Than One Fifth of the New Members of the American Academy of Arts and Sciences Are Women
More than 11.6 Million Women Are Enrolled in Higher Education
Four Women Elected to the National Academy of Education
Only Nine Women Among the 72 New Members of the National Academy of Sciences
Ten Women Named Members of the American Philosophical Society
One Fifth of the New Members of the American Academy of Microbiology Are Women
Vanderbilt University Appoints Five Women to Endowed Chairs
Women Who Received Honorary Degrees in 2011 From the Nation's Leading Liberal Arts Colleges
Eight Women Names to Endowed Chairs at Duke University
$75 Million for Plant Science Research to Feed the World's Growing Population: Four Women Among the Grantees
Seven Women Named Pew Scholars in the Biomedical Sciences
40 Women Named Fellows of the American Chemical Society
Women In Academia Report © 2019. All rights reserved. | Privacy Policy | p: (570) 392-6797 | e: contact@wiareport.com
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Screaming for Ice Cream
It's a rocky road these days for Ben Cohen of the venerable Ben & Jerry's Ice Cream. Ever since the company was bought by conglomerate Unilever, the social activism associated with the brand has begun to melt away like so much ice cream left in the sun. Unilever made assurances at the time of the sale that Ben & Jerry's social mission would not be lost, but Cohen said he has reason for concern. Last week a longtime executive of Unilever was chosen as the ice cream maker's new CEO, rather than the Ben & Jerry's veteran favored by Cohen. Cohen also learned that the agreements made for Unilever to continue pursuing Ben & Jerry's social agenda – which for 2001 include building playgrounds and developing more environmentally friendly packaging – have turned out to not be legally binding. Cohen lamented in a recent interview, "Ben & Jerry's will become just another brand like any other soulless, heartless, spiritless brand out there."
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New test determines severity of peanut allergy
By Kristen Miranda | July 15, 2012 at 11:32 AM EDT - Updated June 27 at 6:50 PM
CHARLOTTE, NC (WBTV) - Being diagnosed as allergic to peanuts can be a life-changer for many families.
Now, however, a new test is changing lives in a different way. In some cases it's taking the stress and the stigma from those who suffer with allergies to peanuts.
Dr. Maeve O'Connor, a Board Certified Allergist and Immunologist, is among the first in the US to use a new testing technology to better diagnose a patient's peanut allergy.
It's called the UKnow Peanut test and it reveals the level of risk of allergic reaction to peanuts. It's able to pinpoint the part of the peanut a person is allergic to and we know which parts of the peanut are responsible for specific symptoms.
To learn more you can watch Dr. O'Connor during her appearance on WBTV News Sunday Morning.
Copyright 2012 WBTV. All rights reserved.
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Cara Delevingne Sings About Her Love of London in New Campaign for Burberry Her
Zoe Weiner
Estrop/Getty Images
Cara Delevingne appears in Burberry's latest fragrance campaign for Her Eau de Parfum — a 40-second ode to her hometown of London. In the clip, Cara bops around the city doing all sorts of traditionally touristy things, including riding a double-decker bus, all while crooning a simple tune about being a Londoner.
The campaign was shot by Juergen Teller, and Delevingne takes some husky-voiced liberties to make her rendition of the classic "Maybe It's Because I'm a Londoner" truly her own. "Maybe it's because I'm a Londoner, that I love London so," she sings, a statement that appears to be abundantly true, based on a behind-the-scenes video given to The Cut.
"Growing up in London to me was an incredibly amazing and wonderful experience," she said in the clip. "I was lucky enough to grow up outside of London enough to know that i still had nature, but London was still the essence of this heaving source of energy, of people, of things to be discovered."
She went on to say that the thing she loves most about the London attitude is that it's "bold." "People are not afraid to say what they think," she said. "This is a place where people change things."
Though the actress was raised in the London suburbs and currently owns a newly renovated home in West London, she notes that being a true "London-er" isn't about where you're from, but instead, it's all about attitude. "To be a Londoner, you defy rules," she said. "It doesn't matter where you're from or who you are."
The model has been appearing in Burberry campaigns since the beginning of her career, and though the brand recently debuted a new creative director (Riccardo Tisci, formerly of Givenchy) and a new logo, it's refreshing to see that it's keeping some of the old along with the new.
A Look Back at Cara Delevingne’s Best Runway Moments
Cara Delevingne walks the runway during the Balmain show as part of the Paris Fashion Week women’s wear spring/summer 2019 on September 28, 2018, in Paris, France. Photo courtesy of Getty Images.
Cara DelevingneSnd
Emma Stone, Natalie Portman, Amy Adams, and More Os…
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Nottingham girl wins Michelle Obama's Healthy Lunchtime Challenge
Olivia Beauchesne, 12, will attend state dinner in July
Updated: 7:39 AM EDT Jun 21, 2013
A 12-year-old Nottingham girl will attend a state dinner after being picked as New Hampshire's winner in first lady Michelle Obama's Healthy Lunchtime Challenge.The contest asked kids from all over the country to enter their own recipes.Olivia Beauchesne's curry chicken salad sandwich will represent the Granite State.All 54 winners will attend the state dinner at the White House on July 9.
NOTTINGHAM, N.H. —
A 12-year-old Nottingham girl will attend a state dinner after being picked as New Hampshire's winner in first lady Michelle Obama's Healthy Lunchtime Challenge.
The contest asked kids from all over the country to enter their own recipes.
Olivia Beauchesne's curry chicken salad sandwich will represent the Granite State.
All 54 winners will attend the state dinner at the White House on July 9.
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Home > Blog > Why Climate Justice?
Why Climate Justice?
by Yamide Dagnet and Wendi Bevins - July 18, 2013
A Bangladeshi woman, whose farm is constantly at risk of being swept away in floods, discusses ways to adapt to climate change. Photo Credit: Eleanor Church/CAFOD, Flickr
Historically, the world has talked about climate change primarily as an environmental issue. We focus on the amount of greenhouse gas emissions in the atmosphere, rising seas, climbing temperatures, and other hard data. While this narrative is important, it’s missing a critical component — people.
After all, communities everywhere will be affected by climate change’s impacts. Those in impoverished, developing nations will likely be hit hardest. That’s why it’s necessary to talk about climate change not just as an environmental issue, but also as an issue of climate justice focused on the way in which people, especially the most vulnerable, are being affected.
It’s encouraging to see some global leaders start to talk about climate change in this way. Ricardo Lagos, the former president of Chile, says that the international climate negotiations “need a new narrative that engages people and presents the issue as a social and economic story rather than as just an environmental one.” Monica Araya, a thought leader and former UNFCCC negotiator for Costa Rica, recently discussed people as the new “why” for climate action. President Obama even suggested a similar perspective in his announcement of a national Climate Action Plan, saying that “It’s not an either/or; it’s a both/and. We’ve got to look after our children; we have to look after our future; and we have to grow the economy and create jobs. We can do all of that as long as we don’t fear the future; instead we seize it.” WRI and the Mary Robinson Foundation-Climate Justice aim to continue to build this people-focused narrative through our ongoing project, the Climate Justice Dialogue (CJD). Several climate negotiators and other experts on international climate policy participated in the CJD’s first workshop in Santiago, Chile in April. These experts, gathered from several Latin American countries, share their thoughts on why climate change should be seen as a justice issue and how framing it that way leads them to demand bolder action by all countries. Watch the video to hear more.
[youtube https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Zrb2u9fIbYM&feature=youtu.be width=## ratio=(normal|wide)]
What about you: Do you think climate justice is important? How can it change the way society thinks about climate change?
Tags: climate justice, climate, environmental justice, international climate policy, international policy
What Does Environmental Democracy Look Like?
Climate Action Will Shape People’s Lives. They Should Have a Chance to Shape Climate Action
INSIDER: Bridging Implementation of SDGs and NDCs: Examples and Early Lessons from Country Experiences
Will China and India Lead on Global Climate Action and Environmental Protection?
Parties to the Paris Agreement Meet for the First Time at CMA1
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Probate judge sued for delayed gun permits
By Wright Gazaway | September 19, 2018 at 5:18 PM EDT - Updated September 19 at 7:48 PM
SAVANNAH, GA (WTOC) - Even though the Chatham County probate judge says they’re now following the law when it comes to weapon carry permits, his troubles might not be behind him.
Another applicant filed a lawsuit within the last week, claiming the judge took too long and eventually denied his application for a wrong reason. Judge Tom Bordeaux says the backlog is finally gone. However, people who say they had to wait too long to get their permits are still suing him.
In the most recent lawsuit, the applicant says the probate court waited more than 90 days to process his application. The judge then denied the request because of a simple assault domestic violence misdemeanor charge. The attorney filing suit says that denial is wrong.
For some background, the judge says a lack of funding, employees, and space forced thousands of people to wait too long for their permits for much of the past year. Earlier this year, in April, he told us he and the court deserved to be sued because of how long it was taking. The judge is adamant the court is following the law now.
“If you filed an application, we are acting within the time provided by law, and if it’s grantable, it is granted within the 10 days. If it’s not, within the appropriate 10 days, then we have to deny it.”
Bordeaux says more money from county commissioners and the hard work of his employees got rid of that backlog in just a few months. Despite this, he says they still need more funding and space. We’ll follow this lawsuit and continue to bring you the latest.
Copyright 2018 WTOC. All rights reserved.
Wright Gazaway
Wright is an Anchor, Multimedia Journalist, and Investigative Reporter joining the news team in August of 2016.
Guyton volunteer firefighters quit, proposal to share services does not pass
As of Thursday night, the city of Guyton no longer has a fully staffed fire department.
Statesboro residents really missed Chick-fil-A
Dal Cannady
Savannah City Council to hold special meeting to create new list of SPLOST-funded projects
City of Port Wentworth to open new city hall
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Wuxiaworld > Empire of the Ring > 394 The Siberian Market 1
394 The Siberian Market 1
Krasnoyarsk was already chilly.
According to Choi Sang-ho, who came out to the airport, frost fell in the morning.
Although the air in the autonomous state was chilly in the morning and evening, the sun was scorching in the daytime to the point where people had to seek shade whereas in Siberia it seemed that it was ready for winter weather already because it was 10 degrees higher in latitude compared to the autonomous state.
"Boss, I couldn't attend the coronation because of the circumstances here. Congratulations on becoming a duke!"
"Oh, please. I know you've been busy here, but it's a shame that we didn't get to celebrate in the state together. And, please, do not call me a duke here ever."
Arriving at the branch office in Krasnoyarsk, Youngho immediately went to check if the logging site was prepared for the harsh winter that would come.
The ice breaker ships would only be able to travel until the end of November, and would not be able to resume operations until February, so all supplies that would be used at the region for four months of winter should be procured now. The icebreakers of the state were unable to sail because they were small and vulnerable in the Arctic Ocean or the midwinter ice of the Yenisei River.
Both the dock and lodging construction at the logging site were said to be complete, but one should expect to be isolated because of the freezing cold that could even freeze oil. It was also not an easy job to last more than four months without supply. Four light armored vehicles were also ready, but if logging equipment broke down, winter work would be ruined, so thorough preparation was essential. There would be trial and error at the logging site this winter since it was the first winter for the logging business. Youngho only wished that people would not get hurt. There was no perfect preparation in Siberia. When everything froze up, people would have to wait until spring came for the ice to melt.
"How's the movement of Chinese companies?"
"They still work the same in the logging area in the Taiga region, but they don't snoop into the black market anymore."
"What about the mafias?"
"Sergeenko is very busy these days. He's frequently seen at the black market lately."
"Do you think he's in contact with the Chinese company?"
"I didn't get to find out about that."
"Does Sergeenko often come to the branch office?"
"He'll drop by once every two or three days. He's usually just here for a cup of tea."
Youngho was worried that he might be only raising risk by encouraging Sergeenko to watch the Chinese company. If the Chinese authorities found out about this and intervened, it would only result in freezing the black market. It was time to focus on diamonds because natural rubies had nothing to do with laser technology. If Sergeenko over-reacted to Youngho's request, it would not look pretty in the future. He would be able to find out what was going on as soon as he met Sergeenko.
Sergeenko acted quite politely, unlike before. Youngho asked why he was acting differently.
"I wouldn't have dared to sit face to face with a duke if it was in the days of Imperial Russia. Even though I have the blood of the Evenk, I know the basic etiquette."
"You can call me Mr. Lee like before. But where did you hear about that? Did Sergey ever tell you?"
"Chairman Nikolay told me. I heard that you helped him a lot this time."
"I see. You have a close relationship with Chairman Nikolay, don't you?"
"He's helped me since I was a little kid. He took care of me when I was just a street brat, I stayed out of trouble and learned how to read because of him. There was a time when I couldn't even be treated as a decent human being because of the blood of the Evenk in me."
Even though Sergeenko became a mafia, he did not forget about the favor and grace that was given to him in the past.
When Youngho asked about the issue of the Chinese company, Sergeenko unexpectedly replied with caution. Youngho thought that he would be outspoken as a typical mafia boss, but it seemed like he was considering numbers of cases.
"Well, you're very careful about this issue. I thought you would be enforcing Siberian law right away. Anyway, it's a good thing for me. There's nothing good about being noisy."
"I warned the black market first because I didn't want to put the Evenk people in trouble because of rubies. If the black market is closed for the Chinese company, they'll probably seek another way to get rubies and diamonds. I thought I can figure out a way when that happens. It won't be too late to make a decision then."
"I don't want to antagonize the Chinese company. If we can co-exist, then we'll be more than happy to."
"That's what I was considering too. The Chinese company was already working with the central government. What's the point of our involvement here?"
"What concerns me is that the Chinese company is too bold to act even though they're illegally taking diamonds here. I'm afraid we'll get caught because of their bold actions."
"I don't know what happened to them, but they're taking a cautious approach these days. They don't even show up in the black market. I assume something big has happened, but I'll probably never know what it is."
Sergeenko was also accurately grasping the attitude of the Chinese company.
Even though he would never know, Youngho knew the truth. It was because the company was completely shaken by the two previous thefts of diamond stones, which were done by Youngho and Jong-il. The first case was known to be because of the general secretary who fled with all of the valuables in the company's safe, and the second theft was supposed to have been robbed. So, the company must have been shaken by the whole situation. They might be thinking they were targeted because they bought the stones in the black market.
There was no law that said no more similar cases would happen, so the company must be keeping a low profile for now.
Sergeenko tilted his head saying that everyone except the under-clerk at the woodworking plant was fired at the Chinese company.
"I`m just taking a wait-and-see approach because the Chinese company is not taking any special action. But if it's as bad as before, I'll act upon it. Fortunately, the under-clerk that we've been dealing with is still there, so you'll be able to use the logs piled up in the storage yard for a while."
"Since we're starting logging in October, we don't mind if we don't hang on to the Chinese company's logs."
"You know logging work is difficult. Why would you do such a hard job? It's way convenient to take a mountain of logs that is already at the dock."
He was right. Youngho could buy cheap raw woods that were already waiting for him at the dock, so he did not have to trouble his workers for the woods. It was much more economical to purchase lumber that had already been cut down.
Youngho was glad to see another side of Sergeenko today. He was cautious, considerate, and knowledgeable about the Siberian region. It seemed that Youngho could listen to his advice on any issue in Siberia.
"Boss, Sergeenko seems to be a smart guy. I have a different perspective on him now."
"You think so too? He's not just an ignorant mafia. I was so impressed by his deep thought. He's fully qualified as a partner."
"He's been asking Choi Sang-ho to sell them combat rations saying that his buyers and the military commander's buyers won't overlap. He was sure that his markets would be more diverse."
"Did he really?"
"He told him that he had been willing to ask, but he couldn't find the chance. He knew that Choi Sang-ho couldn't say no."
"I see, that's quite smart of him. Find a way to secretly supply the combat rations to Sergeenko. Tell him we'll supply in small quantities, and if there's no problem, we'll supply in large quantities. Since we made a deal with the commander first, we can't supply a large amount at the moment."
"I see. I'll instruct Choi Sang-ho."
"Tell him to be extra careful when unloading at the dock. It won't be good if Klimov's guys and Sergeenko's guys run into each other."
"Should we supply ramen to Sergeenko as well? Combat rations, we'd have to consider about Klimov, but does it matter if we supply instant noodles to Sergeenko?"
"I heard Klimov has asked for more ramen. He's not going to be happy if we supply ramen to mafias."
"We can tell him that it was to bribe local mafias. Commander Klimov makes a lot of money by selling combat rations. He'll understand it. Right now, the supply of combat rations can't keep up with the demand, so we should try to appease the mafia."
"Okay, let Choi Sang-ho handle it then."
Youngho did not expect much from distributing combat rations in the Siberian region, but it turned out to be quite profitable. He did not have to worry about paying for labor because the products were only sold to wholesalers, and he was paid fully in cash at the dock, so he did not have to worry about not getting paid.
If Sergeenko would join in this business, the food factory in the state would eventually have to be expanded since it was not impossible for mafias to expand their markets throughout the whole Siberia.
There was a slight problem; It was a secret trade. However, if Klimov, the commander of the local military unit, and the mafia organization would step up, it would not be a problem at all. There were plenty of ways to get away with it because it was not a luxury item but just an instant food. This was Siberia with its own laws anyway. Commonsense was not so common here.
Youngho was discussing the operation method of the local branch office with Hong Sung-ki when Nikolay called him. He wanted to meet Youngho for dinner at the hotel he was staying.
It seemed that he was now comfortable enough to move around the city since he was only in his mansion afraid of being spied on by authorities in Moscow before.
Later in the day, Nikolay appeared at the hotel, accompanied only by his chief secretary. He now looked like a totally different person as he had put on some weight.
"Thanks to you, Mr. Lee, I'm free of worry these days. I'm even gaining weight."
"I haven't done much. I just made a few phone calls."
"Hahaha... But it doesn't change the fact that you did something that no one could have done for me. Thank you again."
"Oh, no problem. I did what I could do as a businessman."
"Shall we eat first?"
It was still early to eat dinner. Asking for a meal meant that he wanted to talk for long in private.
"Then let's move to a new place."
"The food served in the sky lounge here is very good."
"You've come all the way here to see me. I'll treat you today."
"Well, I'm honored to be treated by a duke."
"It's a self-imposed title in the autonomous state."
"It was my dream to live like you, Mr. Lee. You know, I made it hard for my family because of my greed. I'd like to buy a small piece of land in Europe, could you help me? I'm finally free and my family has gone through a lot because of my business. I want to serve my family now."
"Well, there's a good place for you."
Empire of the Ring is a Romantic novels, some original, some translated from Chinese. Themes of heroism, of valor, of ascending to Immortality, of combat, of magic, of Eastern mythology and legends. Updated with awesome new content daily. Come join us for a relaxing read that will take you to brave new worlds! A paradise for readers!
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U.S. Government Accountability Office Recommends Eliminating Self-Bonding
By Cooper McKim • Apr 6, 2018
Amount of Financial Assurances Held in 2017, by Type, for Reclaiming Coal Mines in States and on Indian Tribal Lands with Active Coal Mining
Credit U.S. Government Accountability Office
The U.S. Government Accountability Office (GAO) is recommending Congress eliminate self-bonding. It's a method used by coal companies to guarantee clean-up costs without putting money down.
The problems with self-bonding were highlighted when several of the nation’s largest coal companies went bankrupt in 2015 and 2016. The huge bill leftover for clean-up costs nearly fell on taxpayer shoulders. Wyoming has been looking to reform the practice since 2013, with a more concrete proposal released in 2017.
Overall, the GAO outlined why it thought self-bonding was riskier today than when it began. That included more complex financial regulations which make a company’s health harder to gauge. The report also mentioned there are more secure methods to ensure reclamation and that it’s not more difficult for companies to obtain alternative assurances.
Powder River Basin Resource Council Attorney Shannon Anderson said she hopes Congress takes the recommendation seriously.
"It’s important to have the right bonding to make sure the lands get reclaimed and that taxpayers aren’t on the hook,” she said.
According to the Western Organization of Resource Councils, there is 78 percent less self-bonding in 2018 than in 2015. Anderson said that should be incentive to eliminate the method.
“It’s actually a really good time to get rid of self-bonding altogether when there’s a relatively little amount of it left,” she said.
An administrator for the Department of Environmental Quality said no bonding option is 100 percent secure. A representative of Rocky Mountain Power, which owns a mine in Wyoming, said reforms would cost customers through increased rates.
The GAO’s report originally arose through an audit from U.S. Sen. Maria Cantwell (D-WA) who sponsored a bill, the Coal Cleanup Taxpayer Protection Act, calling for an end to self-bonding. Congress would have to amend the Surface Mining Control and Reclamation Act (SMCRA) to take action on self-bonding.
self-bonding
Powder River Basin Resource Council
Under Trump Administration, Big Banks Are Investing More Money Into Coal
By Nate Hegyi • Mar 28, 2018
Over the past decade, the market for Mountain West coal has cooled. Renewables and natural gas in the U.S. are cheaper, stocks are tumbling and some coal companies are even teetering on the edge of bankruptcy.
The Ongoing Debate Over How Coal Companies Pay Clean Up Costs
By Cooper McKim • Mar 23, 2018
Wyoming Mining Assocation
Back in 2011, the coal market looked great. Three of the largest coal companies in the world, all with mines in Wyoming, invested big in metallurgical coal, the kind used for infrastructure. Sierra Club Attorney Peter Morgan said, “Each company took on hundreds and hundreds of millions of dollars of debt."
Hundreds Gather To Debate The Clean Power Plan, Future Of Coal
Cooper McKim / Wyoming Public Radio
Hundreds of people from across the mountain west gathered Tuesday at Gillette College to discuss the proposed repeal of the Clean Power Plan, or CPP. That’s a 2015 Obama-era rule that would force states to limit greenhouse gas emissions at power plants. Many see it as the former president’s key piece of legislation to combat climate change. In October of 2017, the Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) took the first step towards a repeal.
Wyoming DEQ Proposes Self-Bonding Limits
The Wyoming Department of Environmental Quality has released a final rule proposal that would change how coal companies self-bond. That’s when a company uses an IOU to guarantee clean-up costs based on its financial strength.
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Sheffield United break transfer record to capture defender Egan
John Egan signs for Sheffield Utd and poses for pictures at Bramall Lane. Picture: Simon Bellis/Sportimage
Richard Sutcliffe
SHEFFIELD UNITED have smashed their record transfer fee to sign Brentford defender John Egan in a £4.1m deal.
The 25-year-old, the captain at Griffin Park last season, has signed a four-year deal to become the Blades’ second capture of the summer.
We see him as a leader and he is worthy of the fee we have paid for him. In my opinion, he is a better player than a couple of those who have already moved for bigger fees this summer.
Chris Wilder on defender John Egan
His fee beats the previous club record, set when James Beattie arrived for around £3.5m shortly after relegation from the Premier League in 2007. Egan has been wanted by manager Chris Wilder for the best part of 18 months and it is understood a number of offers have been rebuffed by the Londoners during that time before the player making it clear he wanted to move broke the deadlock.
“John has been our number one target in that position throughout the summer,” said the United chief.
“It has been going on a while and we have kept it close to our chests because we have had to. I have monitored him for a number of seasons now and he is a defender who defends properly and he has been excellent as skipper for Brentford.
“His Championship experience will be crucial, as is his experience of being at the right end of the division. He is a great age, will develop with us and when that happens I have every confidence that he will be a regular international with the Republic of Ireland.”
Egan’s arrival comes amid speculation on the south coast of a likely bid from Brighton & Hove Albion for United defender Jack O’Connell.
The Liverpudlian was an ever-present last term as the Blades made an impressive return to the Championship. Sources in Brighton have confirmed the Premier League club’s interest is genuine.
As for Egan, this represents his second move to Bramall Lane. He had a short loan spell with the Yorkshire club in 2012 under Danny Wilson but made just one appearance in a 3-2 defeat at Walsall. The Irishman had a loan spell at Bradford City the following season but it took a free transfer move from Sunderland to Gillingham in 2014 to get his career up and running.
Hull City strike it rich with Manchester United’s deal for Leicester City’s Harry Maguire
Sheffield Wednesday accounts reveal £2.58m pre-tax profit and £38.1m profit from Hillsborough sale in latest figures
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Is the world now an open source society?
The Industrial Revolution wasn't built in a day. The same is true for the Post-Industrial Revolution.
By Dana Blankenhorn for Linux and Open Source | June 26, 2009 -- 06:59 GMT (23:59 PDT) | Topic: Open Source
I have long argued, here and elsewhere, that open source and the Internet values on which it is based has a political dimension.
They make it possible for great changes to occur from the bottom up, organically, transparently. They enable collaboration across continents.
It has lately become fashionable to believe my spiel. The Obama election and the Iranian "Twitter" revolution seem to argue for its reality.
But the Industrial Revolution wasn't built in a day. The same is true for the Post-Industrial Revolution.
In business, I have learned, there is a price cheaper than free. The subsidies needed to move goods through the channel argue for proprietary models and strict protection of Intellectual Property.
The same is true for politics. The Obama campaign, in computing terms, was a much more top-down affair than the Dean campaign which preceded it. The Obama people bypassed the blogs just as they did media gatekeepers. The online environment they built, in the end, was proprietary.
It's the ability to harness trends which leads to success, not the trends themselves. This harnessing would seem to contradict the open source ideal. But does it?
Again, I would argue that it does not. Open source is an accelerant of change. The Internet is the rocket fuel of change. Harnessing that power, directing that rocket, these remain tasks for leadership.
The way in which leadership works changes in an open source world, but the need for it remains. Even after the open source revolution is complete we will need leaders in politics, in business, and entertainment.
The question becomes, as it was yesterday, how far are we along this path?
I tend to date such things from the standpoint of Moore's Law. Moore published his article in 1965. The integrated circuit is the steam engine of this revolution.
That revolution was sparked by James Watt (above, by Van Breda, from Wikipedia). Watt's revolution, like America's, is dated from 1776. This puts Moore's revolution, relative to that one, at about 1820 or so.
Since there is no Moore's Law of Training, I would say this revolution has a long, long way to go. And so do the changes deriving from it. So while we are evolving toward an open source society, we're no closer to it than Beau Brummel was to Henry Ford.
I find that comforting. Do you?
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Quiz: Can You Pass This Impossible General Knowledge Quiz?
Can You Pass This Impossible General Knowledge Quiz?
By: Heather Cahill
Art, science, history and more! A knowledgeable person is seasoned in a variety of subjects. Whether you're asked if you know the current monarch of England or where to find the Louvre, you've got all the answers. If this sounds like you, you'll probably ace this quiz!
Are you a living dictionary who knows the meanings of words like "cygnet?" Could you name the highest-selling musical artist of all time? Can you name some of the most famous mascots in the world? That might sound easy, but do you think you can identify an amphibian out of a list of animals? There's no limit to what can be asked on this quiz!
If you're a pop culture junkie, can you name the car that was used in "The Dukes of Hazzard?" Historians, do you know which important historical figure found the four moons of Jupiter? If geography is your favorite subject, can you name the capital of South Africa? There is so much to learn and know about the world, and this quiz has it all.
If you're the encyclopedia of your friend group or the go-to person when it comes to knowledge, what are you waiting for? Jump into this quiz to see how much you really know!
What country has a red circle on its flag?
The flag of Japan has a red circle on a white background on it. The flag has been around since the 1500s, but only adopted in 1870 and it is called the Nisshōki.
Which king was known as the Lionheart?
Richard I was known as the Lionheart and one of England's most highly respected kings. He was known for his alliances through marriage and his skills in the realms of the military.
Where would you find the mythical Loch Ness Monster?
The mythical creature is said to be found in Scotland. There have been reports about the creature since 500 A.D. and the sightings continue today.
What is the farthest planet from the Sun?
The farthest planet from the Sun is Neptune, although before it was Pluto. It is a deep blue color and it's one of the giant planets along with Saturn and Jupiter.
Which pet is the most owned in the entire world?
Dogs are the most owned pet in the entire world. Did you know that India has a rapidly growing population of dogs? After dogs, comes the next global favorite, cats.
Which dog breed is known for its spots?
The Dalmatian is known for its spots and they're also well-known for often being used as dogs at firehouses. Dalmatians are a great pet that is part of the non-sporting group.
Where is Buckingham Palace?
Buckingham Palace is located in London, England and serves as not only a place of work and events, but also a residence for the Queen. The palace has been the place to be for monarchs since the 1800s.
How many times can a paper be folded in half?
Seven times
Fourteen times
Thirty times
Nine times
A piece of paper can only be folded in half seven times. This is because we don't have the strength to fold the paper which has been made stronger an eighth time.
Who is the best selling musical artist of all time?
The Beatles are the best selling musical artists of all time. The band has sold 178 million units over their career and continue to sell up to this day.
Which word means "nonsense?"
blatant
lollygag
poppycock
"Poppycock" is a word that is used to mean nonsense. The word is said to have originated in Dutch and only became very used in the mid-1900s.
Where would you find the Mojave Desert?
The Mojave Desert is located in the states of Nevada and California. It is a large, dry desert that is also located near the Mojave River.
Which of these animals is an amphibian?
A frog is an amphibian. Amphibians have gills, but they can survive both on land and water. Turtles and iguanas are reptiles while rats are mammals.
What is a "cygnet?"
a food
a young swan
a serious illness
A cygnet is the word for a young swan. The word was more commonly used during the 1800s, but is still used to refer swans that fit the description today.
What is the set of chemicals and elements called?
Science Cells
Chem Chart
Science Set
The Periodic Table of Elements is the chart that shows all of the chemicals and elements. The table gives information on the elements as well such as their atomic numbers.
In what subject would you learn about exponents?
Exponents would be something that you would learn in math class. Exponents are numbers that indicate that a number must be multiplied.
Who discovered Jupiter's four moons?
Galileo Galilei discovered the four moons of Jupiter as he was also the first to observe them. The moons are named Callisto, Io, Ganymede and Europa.
What makes a rainbow?
star fragments
Water drops are part of the cause of a rainbow. When the light reflects off the water drops, it creates the vibrant array of colors that we get to witness in the skies.
Which car was used in "The Dukes of Hazzard?"
The famous car in the show, "The Dukes of Hazzard" is a Dodge Charger called the General Lee. The car was orange and had the numbers "01" painted across the side.
Who was the first president of the United States of America?
George Washington was the first president of the United States, taking office in 1789 for eight years. He was a commander in the army and one of the Founding Fathers.
Which of the following places is in the Caribbean?
The Netherlands Antilles is located in the Caribbean, although it is a country that is territory of the Netherlands. Dutch is one of its official languages.
What is the best-selling video game of all time?
Tetris is the best selling video game of all time, selling almost 500 million copies. The game has been around since 1984 and it involves strategically placing blocks to make room for more.
Where in the world would you find a hotel built from ice?
You would find the ice hotel in Sweden in the city of Jukkasjärvi. The hotel is rebuilt every year since its first year in 1989, but now it is permanent.
What word means "the mixture of two languages?"
macronic
multi-conversational
"Macronic" is the word used to mean the "mixture of two languages." An example of the word macronic would be combining English and French words together in a sentence.
Where did french fries originate from?
French fries originated in Belgium around the time of the 1600s. After their invention, they quickly made their way around the world becoming a global favorite.
What is manga?
a type of food
a type of cartoon
Manga is a type of Japanese cartoon that originated in the 1600s. The genre is often found in books and magazines which can be either black and white or color.
What is the most expensive painting in the world?
"The Night Watch"
"American Gothic"
"Salvator Mundi"
"The Scream"
"Salvator Mundi" by Leonardo da Vinci was sold for a large $450 million in 2017. The painting was also under criticism of not being authentic, but it was later proved to be real.
Which bird had the most expensive feather?
Huia bird
The huia bird has the most expensive feather in the world due to the bird now being extinct. One feather sold for over six thousand dollars.
What is the capital of South Africa?
All of the cities listed are the capitals of South Africa. The reason for having three capital cities is due to the fact that there is an executive, judicial and legislative capital.
Is it true or false that the Easter Island statues have bodies?
This is true. Underneath the visible heads of the statues, there are even larger bodies. The statues all look alike and stand tall and mighty on the mysterious island.
Which dinosaur was the largest during its time on Earth?
Argentinosaurus
The Argentinosaurus was the largest dinosaur on Earth during the time of these fascinating creatures. They are known to have a long neck and a few have been recreated in museums using bones that were found.
How long is a billion seconds?
A billion seconds equates to 31 years which is over 11 thousand days. In contrast, a trillion seconds is over 31 thousand years, something no one will ever see in their lifetime.
Which social media platform has the most users?
Facebook is the social media platform with the most users in the world. The website has over 2 billion users, with YouTube next in line with 1.5 billion users.
Where were the oldest remains of a human found?
The oldest human remains ever found were in Ethiopia. The remains are called "Ardi" and they existed over 4 million years ago. Ardi was very close to another famous human, Lucy.
What is the mascot for Froot Loops?
A tiger
A giraffe
A toucan
An elephant
The Froot Loops mascot is a toucan named Toucan Sam. He is known for his colorful beak and he has been the company's mascot since the 1960s.
What is the largest museum in the world?
The Smithsonian in Washington is the largest museum in the world. Inside you'll find lots of iconic historical artifacts such as Abraham Lincoln's hat.
The Underrated General Knowledge Test
Is Your General Trivia Knowledge As Good As You Think It Is?
Can We Guess Your Education Level Based On Your Disney Preferences?
Can You Get Every Question Right on This Easy-Peasy General Knowledge Quiz?
Can You Pass This British General Knowledge Quiz?
Keep Your Brain Sharp With This General Knowledge Quiz
Can You Pass This SAT Vocabulary Drill Without Any Mistakes in 7 Minutes?
Are You a Master of General Knowledge?
Can You Spell 35 of the Hardest-to-Spell Words in English?
What Kind of Prodigy Were You in a Past Life?
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Category Competitive
Real Sociedad and Valencia Earn Impressive Wins Over La Liga’s Best
January 6, 2015 January 6, 2015 yscsportsmentaledge Leave a comment
There were two surprising results over the weekend in La Liga action, as the top two teams were beaten on the road by smaller clubs. League leaders Real Madrid gave up a one-goal lead and fell 2-1 to Valencia (4th place), while Barcelona (2nd place) were beaten 1-0 by Real Sociedad, a club currently in 13th. Sociedad’s win over Barcelona was particularly impressive, as the club has now earned wins over the top three teams in Spain this season, after previously beating both Real Madrid and Atlético Madrid at home. In Sunday’s win over Barcelona, an early own goal by Barca defender Jordi Alba gave Sociedad a 1-0 lead, which the club protected for 88 minutes to earn a massive three points. David Moyes, who took over as Sociedad’s manager in November, was full of praise for his team’s ability to match up against the league’s best. “It is the happiest night since I arrived in San Sebastian. We worked very hard. The players showed courage and defended incredibly,” said Moyes. “This team has shown it is capable in the big games against the best teams in the league.”
As a player, part of pushing yourself to become better involves testing your abilities against the very best competition you can find. These games can often cause many players to feel more nervous than usual, and fearful of the likelihood of losing against a more talented opponent. Many coaches and players recommend seeing these matchups just like any other game. While it is true that your physical and mental preparation should remain consistent regardless of your competition, it is okay to acknowledge that one opponent may be more challenging than another. Instead of fearing this challenge, accept it, and view each of these games as an opportunity, rather than something to shy away from. If you want to become a top team or a top player, you must be able to compete with, and beat, the very best. Your preparation for doing so starts with focusing on what you can control. Rather than dwelling on possible outcomes of the game, focus your attention on the process. This is where a pre-performance routine can be especially helpful. If you have an effective pre-performance routine, refine it to focus on what you need to specifically do to beat a talented opponent, but resist the temptation to make significant changes, just because you are facing tough competition. Identify, and rely on, what has worked for you in the past – and draw confidence from this past success. Heading into Sunday’s match against Barcelona, Real Sociedad had not lost against the Catalans at home in six previous meetings. Recognizing that you’ve had success like this on prior occasions can boost your belief that you can do so again. As Sociedad attempt to climb further up the league table, Moyes’s men can continue to draw courage and confidence from their ability to match up against the best Spain has to offer.
http://www.theguardian.com/football/2015/jan/05/real-sociedad-beat-barcelona-david-moyes
http://www.bbc.com/sport/0/football/30677030
United Closes Premier League Gap With Killer Instinct
December 16, 2014 yscsportsmentaledge Leave a comment
With its sixth consecutive Premier League win, Manchester United suddenly seems poised to challenge for a Premier League title. After a rocky start to the season with only 3 wins in 10 matches, United has now climbed to 3rd place, after a convincing 3-0 win over Liverpool at home on Sunday. While Liverpool had the majority of chances throughout the game, United’s strikers were clinical in their execution, and took advantage of their chances. The game was, perhaps, best characterized by two back-to-back opportunities in the first half – squandered by one player and seized by the other. About 11 minutes into the match, Liverpool striker Raheem Sterling had a golden opportunity to score from close range, but was unable to finish, partly due to the heroics of opposing goalkeeper David de Gea. United was on the attack only 25 seconds later, and after Antonio Valencia beat his defender on the right side and slid a pass across the top of the box, Wayne Rooney ruthlessly scored to give his team a 1-0 lead. De Gea’s ability to preserve the shutout with several outstanding saves, combined with the finishing ability of his teammates, was enough to guide Manchester to a comfortable win over one of its main rivals. After the game, despite his team’s impressive performance, United manager Louis van Gaal pointed out that his players could have still done more in the second half to see the game out.
While Liverpool earned the majority of chances in the match, United’s win was a testament to the value of a killer instinct. While it is commonly used to describe a striker, the term ‘killer instinct’ does not only apply to a team’s attacking players, but also refers to the mentality of any player, playing any position on the field. Player’s with a killer instinct are constantly looking for ways to improve their performance, compete, and to have success. As such, they recognize the importance of focusing on the process of improving as a player, but they also put emphasis on the outcome: trying to win. As a player, it is important to recognize that this outcome is not always under your control, and your killer instinct has a lot to do with your mentality when it comes to preparing yourself for competition. Are you putting your full effort and focus into training every day and getting the most out of your preparation? Are you seeking out feedback from coaches and teammates on what you can do to improve some part of your game? If you are a defender, developing your killer instinct may involve improving your ability to win 50-50 balls in the box off of corners or free kicks. A killer instinct also means that you are confident and assertive when you step onto the field for competition. You recognize that you have done the work to prepare for this moment, and you are ready to take advantage of the opportunity when it arises. While United’s recent performance has the club steadily moving up the Premier League table, Van Gaal’s call for further improvement shows the need for his players to continue bringing a killer instinct to their preparation and competition.
http://www.mirror.co.uk/sport/football/news/man-united-3-0-liverpool-minute-4809086
http://www.theguardian.com/football/2014/dec/14/manchester-united-liverpool-premier-league-match-report
USMNT Looks to Benefit From Demanding Environment
Four months removed from the last World Cup, the U.S. Men’s National Team already has its eyes set on preparing for the next step. For head coach Jürgen Klinsmann and his players, that next step is the Gold Cup, hosted by the United States next summer. On Friday in London, the USMNT lost a hard-fought 2-1 friendly game to Colombia, ranked third in the latest FIFA rankings. On Tuesday, the U.S. faces Ireland – a team working to earn its berth into the 2016 European Championship. For Klinsmann, these games provide an ideal test for his players. “The earlier that we can throw the players into a stress environment, into a very demanding environment, the better it is,” Klinsmann said. “And that is why we try to get games here [in Europe] and going down in the future to South America…And to keep learning and keep losing to get that experience. That’s what these guys need. They need to understand what it really takes to master the game at a higher level and hopefully get the results down the road.” U.S. midfielder Mix Diskerud agreed. “It helps a lot when you play against a top three team [Colombia] in the world and you learn a lot,” Diskerud noted. “For me, it definitely was an experience and I know where the bar is set right now and where the best players are at…Going forward, and playing this game against Ireland, I know and the rest of the players as well, where the highest tempo is and how it should be played.”
There are many young players in this country who, like you, want to make it to the highest levels of the game. As a player, what steps are you taking to prepare yourself for these goals? Part of preparation involves exposing yourself to high-level environments, where you are outside your comfort zone and challenged on a weekly basis. As a player, it is important to constantly seek out ways to push yourself physically and mentally to become better. One way of doing so is by competing against older, bigger players. If training with older players is not an option, think about how you respond when you find yourself competing against an opponent who is faster or maybe more talented than you. Preparing yourself for the higher levels of the game means that you are willing to be uncomfortable by testing yourself against better competition and testing your limits in pressure situations. When you know that you are going to be competing against more talented players, set short-term process goals for yourself concerning what you want to accomplish, and maintain your focus on the parts of your game that you can control. For example, aim to win 75% of your tackles or to beat your defender down the line. No matter the outcome of the game, you can still focus on these goals that you control and measure your success based on your performance with them. As Klinsmann notes, this mentality means that losing should be viewed as a way of learning and gaining experience as a player. This certainly does not mean that you should want to lose. Instead, it means that you do your best to win, and recognize the lessons you learn from both wins and losses, including the fact that merely competing against more talented players is an opportunity to make yourself better. Exposing yourself to these high-level environments, and embracing the moments when you get to compete against the best, will also help you test your character when facing adversity. How will you respond when your back, or your team’s back, is against the wall? As the United States prepares for its next friendly against Ireland, Klinsmann will be watching for those players who embrace these tests, and enjoy challenging themselves against the best the world has to offer.
http://www.mlssoccer.com/news/article/2014/11/17/jurgen-klinsmann-eyes-ireland-matchup-another-test-tough-environment-usmnt
Dempsey Brings Intensity and Competitiveness to Leadership Role with USMNT
May 20, 2014 May 20, 2014 yscsportsmentaledge Leave a comment
When the U.S. Men’s National team travels to Brazil in a few weeks to begin a difficult World Cup campaign, the players will walk out onto the field under new leadership. Head coach Jürgen Klinsmann recently handed the armband to 31-year old Clint Dempsey during the team’s qualifying run for Brazil. Playing in his third, and probably final, World Cup this summer, Dempsey is tasked with leading the U.S. into arguably the most difficult group stage in its World Cup history, as the team takes on Ghana, Portugal, and Germany in its first three games. The Seattle Sounders striker has been in outstanding form recently in the MLS, with 8 goals and 3 assists across only 9 games this season. However, according to his coach and teammates, Dempsey has earned the captain’s armband for more than what appears on a stat sheet. Klinsmann commented on his selection: “Is he highly talented? Does he have all the tools that you need to have to play at the highest level? Yes. But what is far more important, he has the drive. He has the hunger. He’s not satisfied … He always looks for the next game.” Dempsey’s teammate and USMNT midfielder, Michael Bradley, added: “He’s a competitor. He gives everything he has every time he steps on the field.”
Many players perceive additional pressure and expectations after receiving opportunities such as earning a starting role or the captain’s armband. After acquiring a leadership role, some players might start to focus less on what they do well and on what they control as a player, and more on trying to prove that they deserve to be captain. Instead, facing these perceived expectations, recognize that your coach has placed you in a leadership position because he or she believes that you have demonstrated the ability to fulfill that role. In other words, recognize the habits and characteristics that have earned you the opportunity, as well as the potential you show to fulfill the responsibilities of that role, and continue to rely on them moving forward. The responsibilities of a captain, for example, include leading by example and being a vocal leader. So, for some players, taking on the captain position will require them to start being more vocal. While Dempsey is not necessarily known as a vocal leader, his new role with the national team requires more consistent and effective communication on and off the field. But, he is still expected to bring the same hard work and intensity that earned him this role.
Similarly, when you take on more leadership as a player, use it as an opportunity to improve your effective communication skills – by providing encouragement and effective feedback to your teammates. Before training sessions or games, huddle up to identify the team’s goals and each player’s role in achieving them. While playing, support your teammates and give them specific instructions for how to make changes to help them perform better. At the same time, lead by example by being physically and mentally prepared for training, working hard, and staying focused on the task. Dempsey’s ability to adjust to this role through a more vocal presence, while continuing to inspire the players around him through his drive, hunger, and competitiveness, will largely determine the effectiveness of his leadership this summer.
http://soccer.si.com/2014/05/19/clint-dempsey-world-cup-usa-camp-usmnt/
http://www.mlssoccer.com/worldcup/2014/news/article/2014/05/18/world-cup-usmnt-hands-clint-dempsey-reins-sounders-star-steps-his-game
This Year’s La Liga Title: What Every Competitor Desires
On Saturday, the La Liga title will be decided in the final game of the season – a tantalizing matchup between the top two teams in the table, currently separated by only three points. Atlético Madrid holds the narrow lead over FC Barcelona, and will attempt to add silverware to an already-impressive campaign, by earning at least a draw at Camp Nou, while a Barcelona win at home would earn the Catalans the trophy on their head-to-head record this season. Until recently, many would have deemed this an uneven matchup. Barcelona have won a total of 22 league titles, and four in the last five years, while Atlético have only won 9 and are nearly two decades removed from their last trophy. Yet, the club from Madrid has recently arrived among Europe’s elite, and has held the edge for most of this year, despite Barcelona trying to defend its title. While the two teams are arguably comparable in talent, they are markedly dissimilar in tactical approach. In the five previous meetings between these two teams this season, Atlético has held a slight edge with four draws and a win in the Champions League quarterfinal second leg. However, Barcelona has owned a dominating margin in possession, averaging 71.2% of the ball across the five games, and completing three times as many of its passes in these games. Atlético is more direct in its style of play, while the Catalans have, historically, awed the football world with their mesmerizing tiki taka, through short passes and constant interchanging movement around the ball. “They are the best in defence, they pressurise you, support each other and have different options up front,” Barcelona midfielder Xavi says of Atlético. “It’s a historic opportunity…It’s a great final, a fantastic match. It would be the icing on the cake for this generation, playing such an important match as this.”
In any athletic context, the greatest competitors are often defined by an appreciation for the fiercely competitive, pressure-filled, high-profile environment of a game like this. Competitive players thrive in these opportunities and don’t back down from the prospect of testing their talents against the very best. This is not to say nerves are not a factor. As a player, it is normal to feel nervous or anxious for this type of game. However, your interpretation of these nerves, your mental approach to the competition, and your preparation will influence your performance. Know that nerves are your body’s signs of preparing to perform well, and find pride and confidence in your training up until this point. Compete with the knowledge that if you put in deliberate effort and focus in training, you will be well prepared for the game, and that the game will provide an opportunity to showcase your talents and test your ability against a worthy opponent. Before and during the game, it may be tempting to focus solely on the outcome – whether or not your team is victorious. However, take time to balance this desire to win with an understanding, and application, of a process-oriented approach. Know that these games typically bring out the best in the participants, and that by focusing on the process and what you can control (your individual role in the game, your effort, and your attitude), you will rise to this occasion. Above all, it is important to view these games as a challenge or opportunity. As the two Spanish sides take the field this Saturday to try and earn their first silverware of the season, the players’ ability to appreciate and thrive in this challenge will, in Xavi’s words, determine who comes up as champion in this historic game.
http://www.theguardian.com/football/blog/2014/may/12/barcelona-atletico-madrid-la-liga-title
http://www.fcbarcelona.com/football/first-team/detail/article/fc-barcelona-v-atletico-madrid-the-last-5-meetings
http://www.fcbarcelona.com/football/first-team/detail/article/xavi-hernandez-it-s-an-historic-opportunity
March Madness: Time to Compete
March 18, 2014 March 25, 2014 yscsportsmentaledge Leave a comment
March Madness has arrived. The 2014 NCAA men’s basketball tournament will begin on March 18th with the 68 best teams in the country battling it out for the national championship. Every team has been working the entire year trying to earn their chance to compete in this tournament. With a single-elimination format in the postseason, teams must bring their best or go home. As University of Cincinnati coach Mick Cronin said, “You can look at it in a lot of ways but at the end of the day you have to play games, everybody is a good team or they wouldn’t be in. You have got to win games.” So, what does it take to perform well in such a high-pressure situation? Among other things, it takes the desire and ability to compete in every game. Good competitors take pride in their effort and are not deterred by setbacks or adversity during a game and can bounce back.
True competitors are relentless in their effort and never give up, no matter what the score is or how much time is left in the game. They look forward to challenges and take them on willingly. They are the players who want to have the ball in their hands for the last-second shot. Competitors also demand a great deal from themselves and their teammates. They put in quality preparation, and they set a high standard in every training session and competition by demonstrating hard work and encouraging it in their teammates. As a result, they are often leaders and are able to raise the level of play for everyone on the team. When a team is able to commit themselves fully and make their opponents earn every point and every rebound, that team will be difficult to beat, no matter who the opponent is on any given day.
In order to improve your competitiveness, there are two skills you can work on: commitment and confidence. To improve your commitment to your sport, make your training and preparation a priority. This means knowing what you want to work on and working hard to achieve it. When you are fully committed to your sport, you will take great pride in your performance, which could motivate you to go the extra mile and compete with intensity in training and games. In order to be a good competitor you also need to have a steady level of confidence. To keep your confidence up, before you play, acknowledge your strengths, picture yourself succeeding, and recognize the time and effort you have put into your training and preparation. Consistently bringing confidence and intensity into every training session and game will help you to become the type of competitor who doesn’t back down from adversity, and through example, lifts the competitive edge of those playing around you.
http://www.gobearcats.com/sports/m-baskbl/spec-rel/031714aaa.html
The ‘Group of Death’ is a Group of Opportunity
On Friday afternoon, another step was taken toward what will surely be an unforgettable month in Brazil, as FIFA announced the draw for the 2014 World Cup. With an admirable run through qualifying, the U.S. Men’s National Team, under Head Coach Jurgen Klinsmann, has recently enjoyed unprecedented success on the international stage. However, as the selection process unfolded on Friday, national team players, coaches, and millions of fans grew wary of the possibility that the draw would not end favorably. In the end, the United States was drawn into the infamous “Group of Death”, with Ghana – who knocked the US out of the last two tournaments; Portugal – led by Cristiano Ronaldo who is arguably the best player in the world at the moment; and Germany – three-time World Champion and one of the favorites to lift the trophy in Rio on July 13. On top of the grueling match schedule, the United States will endure one of the longest total travel distances to and from games.
The entire country seemed to groan collectively as Group G was announced. Yet, there was at least one individual who publicly brushed off the pessimism and doubt. Though he described the draw as “the worst of the worst,” Klinsmann’s demeanor was far from intimidated: “We are looking forward to the challenge and we don’t see ourselves as any kind of outsiders. If you want to get into the top 10 or 12 teams in the world you have to beat these guys.” The United States has long yearned to establish itself as a world soccer power. To do so – to be compared with the very best – one must compete against the very best.
One of the psychological characteristics many elite athletes share is an insatiable desire to compete against, and beat, the best competitors their sport has to offer. Along with this desire, these athletes typically exhibit a process-oriented approach to performance. Rather than focusing on the possible outcomes of a game, taking a process-oriented approach allows you to attend to your specific responsibilities as a player, enjoy the experience of competing against other talented players and teams, and ignore distracting thoughts or emotions. Process-oriented players are also better equipped to respond well after a loss. While performing, you can focus on smaller individual process goals you set for yourself, or even your enjoyment of the game, in order to maintain a sense of composure and avoid becoming hung up on a game’s result. When preparing to go up against a formidable opponent, remind yourself to focus on the process, rather than the outcome, in order to help yourself maintain confidence and the understanding of what you must bring to the playing field. Above all, enjoy the opportunity to test your skills against the very best. Often, when a player focuses on this process, the outcome seems to take care of itself. Legendary US Olympic ice hockey coach Herb Brooks once stated that “Great moments are born from great opportunity.” The US Men’s National Team has been presented with such an opportunity next summer in Brazil.
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Glory to God in the Lowest
Because of the things I’ve read, I take for granted now that there are two levels of reality.
There’s the world we’re used to, and there’s a deeper reality that is comprised of a different kind of being described universally as divine.
The mystics in every religion claim to have formed a relationship with this divine reality that somehow puts right the deficiencies and apparent failings of the world.
In other words, though this divine reality is hidden from view, in truth it overshadows the world.
Christmas celebrates the time when this divine reality entered into the world, and theologians have grappled for an appropriate depiction of how this transcendent, perfect, being can possibly have participated in a mundane, imperfect reality.
The incarnation itself tells us something about the nature of God. In case we struggled to work it out, that message was reiterated in the story of his birth – the lowliness of his condition, the humility of his circumstances.
In case we missed it, this message was repeated again in the works he performed, the people he travelled with and taught, or treated as friends.
If the message still didn’t get through, he said it himself as clearly as possible: the first shall be last and the last shall be first; he who exalts himself shall be humbled, and he who humbles himself shall be exalted.
In his betrayal and death, both the fact that he did die and the humiliating manner of his execution, the message was repeated, corresponding to the words of the prophet before him.
The whole journey from beginning to end expands like a fractal, repeating itself on every scale to reveal the nature of the divine being.
It’s a theme, a motif picked up and presaged by prophets, sages, wise men and holy men and women of all nations: that the truth is not found in the empty greatness and glory that the world offers, that the path to God is opposed to our own self-aggrandisement, whether it be in the outright arrogance of wanting to look down on others, or the more subtle craving for autonomy, self-control, the illusion of our own dominion.
Gloria in Profundis
by G.K. CHESTERTON
There has fallen on earth for a token
A god too great for the sky.
He has burst out of all things and broken
The bounds of eternity:
Into time and the terminal land
He has strayed like a thief or a lover,
For the wine of the world brims over,
Its splendour is spilt on the sand.
Who is proud when the heavens are humble,
Who mounts if the mountains fall,
If the fixed stars topple and tumble
And a deluge of love drowns all-
Who rears up his head for a crown,
Who holds up his will for a warrant,
Who strives with the starry torrent,
When all that is good goes down?
For in dread of such falling and failing
The fallen angels fell
Inverted in insolence, scaling
The hanging mountain of hell:
But unmeasured of plummet and rod
Too deep for their sight to scan,
Outrushing the fall of man
Is the height of the fall of God.
The spout of the stars in spate-
Where thunderbolt thinks to be slowest
And the lightning fears to be late:
As men dive for sunken gem
Pursuing, we hunt and hound it,
The fallen star has found it
In the cavern of Bethlehem.
Posted in Philosopher-at-home
Tagged Christmas, G.K. Chesterton, humility, pride, reversion
So Dominican…
From the introduction to G.K. Chesterton’s Heretics:
Suppose that a great commotion arises in the street about something, let us say a lamp-post, which many influential persons desire to pull down. A grey-clad monk, who is the spirit of the Middle Ages, is approached upon the matter, and begins to say, in the arid manner of the Schoolmen, “Let us first of all consider, my brethren, the value of Light. If Light be in itself good–” At this point he is somewhat excusably knocked down. All the people make a rush for the lamp-post, the lamp-post is down in ten minutes, and they go about congratulating each other on their unmediaeval practicality. But as things go on they do not work out so easily. Some people have pulled the lamp-post down because they wanted the electric light; some because they wanted old iron; some because they wanted darkness, because their deeds were evil. Some thought it not enough of a lamp-post, some too much; some acted because they wanted to smash municipal machinery; some because they wanted to smash something. And there is war in the night, no man knowing whom he strikes. So, gradually and inevitably, to-day, to-morrow, or the next day, there comes back the conviction that the monk was right after all, and that all depends on what is the philosophy of Light. Only what we might have discussed under the gas-lamp, we now must discuss in the dark.
Now go read the principle in its contemporary application at the ABC Religion and Ethics site, with Same-Sex ‘Marriage’: Evolution or Deconstruction of Marriage and the Family? by Archbishop Anthony Fisher, O.P.
Tagged Dominican, G.K. Chesterton, same-sex marriage
The safeguard of virtue
My latest piece on MercatorNet looks briefly at the Germanwings disaster, and the problem of negative morality without any corresponding moral or spiritual ideal:
The British writer and journalist G.K. Chesterton identified this morbidity within modern ethics as far back as the 19th Century:
“A great silent collapse, an enormous unspoken disappointment, has in our time fallen on our Northern civilization. All previous ages have sweated and been crucified in an attempt to realize what is really the right life, what was really the good man. A definite part of the modern world has come beyond question to the conclusion that there is no answer to these questions, that the most that we can do is to set up a few notice-boards at places of obvious danger, to warn men, for instance, against drinking themselves to death, or ignoring the mere existence of their neighbours.”
http://www.mercatornet.com/articles/view/the-ultimate-safeguard
Posted in MercatorNet
Tagged G.K. Chesterton, morality, mores, social norms, virtue
In the Christian tradition pride is accorded special place as the root of all sin. The 5th Century monk John Cassian’s Institutes has an illuminating passage that details the nature and role of pride in the fall of Lucifer, and is worth quoting in full:
How by reason of pride Lucifer was turned from an archangel into a devil.
And that we may understand the power of its awful tyranny we see that that angel who, for the greatness of his splendour and beauty was termed Lucifer, was cast out of heaven for no other sin but this, and, pierced with the dart of pride, was hurled down from his grand and exalted position as an angel into hell. If then pride of heart alone was enough to cast down from heaven to earth a power that was so great and adorned with the attributes of such might, the very greatness of his fall shows us with what care we who are surrounded by the weakness of the flesh ought to be on our guard. But we can learn how to avoid the most deadly poison of this evil if we trace out the origin and causes of his fall…. For as he (viz., Lucifer) was endowed with divine splendour, and shone forth among the other higher powers by the bounty of his Maker, he believed that he had acquired the splendour of that wisdom and the beauty of those powers, with which he was graced by the gift of the Creator, by the might of his own nature, and not by the beneficence of His generosity. And on this account he was puffed up as if he stood in no need of divine assistance in order to continue in this state of purity, and esteemed himself to be like God, as if, like God, he had no need of any one, and trusting in the power of his own will, fancied that through it he could richly supply himself with everything which was necessary for the consummation of virtue or for the perpetuation of perfect bliss. This thought alone was the cause of his first fall. On account of which being forsaken by God, whom he fancied he no longer needed, he suddenly became unstable and tottering, and discovered the weakness of his own nature, and lost the blessedness which he had enjoyed by God’s gift. And because he “loved the words of ruin,” with which he had said, “I will ascend into heaven,” and the “deceitful tongue,” with which he had said of himself, “I will be like the Most High,” and of Adam and Eve, “Ye shall be as gods,” therefore “shall God destroy him forever and pluck him out and remove him from his dwelling place and his root out of the land of the living.” Then “the just,” when they see his ruin, “shall fear, and shall laugh at him and say” (what may also be most justly aimed at those who trust that they can obtain the highest good without the protection and assistance of God): “Behold the man that made not God his helper, but trusted in the abundance of his riches, and prevailed in his vanity.”
C.S. Lewis wrote in Mere Christianity that we all suffer from pride: the worst if we think ourselves free of it. In his view the humble man is the one who recognises that he is proud, that the inclination to pride as a desire to be better than others is a constant temptation in our own hearts.
Yet in our society pride is not typically recognised as a vice unless it becomes a hindrance to oneself or an annoyance to others. We loathe arrogant, overbearing people, but we hate them in part because we ourselves are proud. Pride makes us all competitors for our self-approval, an approval we ourselves make contingent on our position relative to others. We find it harder to approve of ourselves when others become the centre of attention, or when their skills and abilities make us question our own worth. Conversely, the admiration and praise of others gives us the confidence to rest in self-approval.
In this sense, much of what is described as ‘low self-esteem’ is still a symptom of pride. Those who hate themselves or wallow in misery can be motivated by failure according to their own sense of pride. They want to be better than they are; they are not good enough to merit their own approval.
So convoluted is pride that people can even seem humble and modest yet be riven with a sense of self-satisfaction at their apparent virtue. We can take pride in the strangest things; what matters is not so much the object of pride as the fact that we measure ourselves relative to that object, and consider ourselves responsible and praiseworthy for achieving it.
The paradox of pride is that he who exalts himself will be humbled, and he who humbles himself will be exalted. In other words, seeking our own greatness and glory makes life heavy, ponderous, dull, and laborious. Only in humility can we enjoy the lightness and freedom of not seeking to make ourselves the centre of everything. As G.K. Chesterton wrote: “Angels can fly because they take themselves lightly.”
One way of overcoming pride at least temporarily is to consider how the object of your pride is in fact beyond your own responsibility or credit. Whatever it is you are good at or excel at, consider that you did not give yourself the talents, the gifts, or the natural skill to excel. Not only that, you didn’t give yourself the interest, the passion, or the motivation to pursue it. Even if it is something for which you worked hard, can you really say that you are responsible for having the will to work hard, the determination to persevere, the lack of interest in other goals or distractions?
All of these things may exist in you: talents, passion, determination; but you did not put them there. You cannot take credit because you did not create yourself.
The good news is that we can take pleasure and joy and satisfaction in all these things; we just can’t take credit for them. When someone praises you for doing well, you can share in the pleasure of the thing well done, but to turn that pleasure into self-satisfaction is the beginning of delusion.
To be deluded about one’s origins, the source of one’s power, and the true subject of glory and praise is not only a terrible error, it is a denial of our own true nature and the path of our greatest happiness. This is why the proud are ultimately consigned through their own self-glorification to the misery of being like gods when they truly are not; a thin and demeaning substitute for real happiness and true glory; a pretence and hollow promise that can only end in disappointment.
Tagged creator, creature, G.K. Chesterton, gifts, humility, John Cassian, passion, perseverance, praise, praiseworthy, pride, responsibility, talents
Comparative mysticism at Christmas
When I was young I read a lot of books about religion. Around the same time I stopped going to church as soon as my parents would (reluctantly) allow it.
My approach to religion was quite ambitious in its scope: I believed that religions were a mix of essential and non-essential beliefs and practices, that all religions would converge on the essential, and that by comparing them all I could work out what they had in common and hence what lay at the heart of true religion.
The answer was mysticism: the search for and experiential knowledge of ‘ultimate reality’.
All religions had mysticism in common, and so I concluded that mysticism is the heart of religion and therefore the only thing worth pursuing. Everything else: the rituals, the prayers, the meditation, the complex beliefs; these were at best only a means of inducting people into mysticism and at worst they were misguided accretions derived from culture or lower aspects of human psychology.
I spent most of my time at university reading the works of different mystics and the mystical branches of different religions. I even wrote my Honours thesis on the subject, attempting to show how a set of mystical traditions contained the same basic approach to reality: a recognition that human experience is ‘not right’, identification of a transcendent reality or being that is right, and a method of approaching this transcendent reality that requires a shift in attention away from external, worldly affairs and interests, a ‘quieting’ of the mind, and an openness to this fundamentally different kind of being.
My actual thesis was not a good piece of scholarly work by any means. At that stage in my education I was so focused on this personal search for knowledge that I failed to heed or really comprehend the requirements of philosophy as a scholarly discipline. What I wrote may have been interesting to a small group of people, but all it really showed was that I had a particular belief about religion, and I could find selective evidence to support my belief.
Having seen religion in such a light, it is very hard to ‘unsee’ it. It is difficult for me to pretend that the different religions really are strikingly different where it matters. Yet I’m also conscious that my perspective may be tautological: “religious similarities are similar”; or as G.K. Chesterton put it:
Students of popular science, like Mr. Blatchford, are always insisting that Christianity and Buddhism are very much alike, especially Buddhism. This is generally believed, and I believed it myself until I read a book giving the reasons for it. The reasons were of two kinds: resemblances that meant nothing because they were common to all humanity, and resemblances which were not resemblances at all. The author solemnly explained that the two creeds were alike in things in which all creeds are alike, or else he described them as alike in some point in which they are quite obviously different.
Thus, as a case of the first class, he said that both Christ and Buddha were called by the divine voice coming out of the sky, as if you would expect the divine voice to come out of the coal-cellar. Or, again, it was gravely urged that these two Eastern teachers, by a singular coincidence, both had to do with the washing of feet. You might as well say that it was a remarkable coincidence that they both had feet to wash. And the other class of similarities were those which simply were not similar. Thus this reconciler of the two religions draws earnest attention to the fact that at certain religious feasts the robe of the Lama is rent in pieces out of respect, and the remnants highly valued. But this is the reverse of a resemblance, for the garments of Christ were not rent in pieces out of respect, but out of derision; and the remnants were not highly valued except for what they would fetch in the rag shops. It is rather like alluding to the obvious connection between the two ceremonies of the sword: when it taps a man’s shoulder, and when it cuts off his head. It is not at all similar for the man.
These scraps of puerile pedantry would indeed matter little if it were not also true that the alleged philosophical resemblances are also of these two kinds, either proving too much or not proving anything. That Buddhism approves of mercy or of self-restraint is not to say that it is specially like Christianity; it is only to say that it is not utterly unlike all human existence. Buddhists disapprove in theory of cruelty or excess because all sane human beings disapprove in theory of cruelty or excess. But to say that Buddhism and Christianity give the same philosophy of these things is simply false. All humanity does agree that we are in a net of sin. Most of humanity agrees that there is some way out. But as to what is the way out, I do not think that there are two institutions in the universe which contradict each other so flatly as Buddhism and Christianity.
Identifying mysticism as the common core of religion might be similarly problematic. It may be true that the mystics within various religions invoke strikingly similar themes in their disciplines, but this does not mean that mysticism is necessarily central to religious truth. Mysticism might be just an addendum to the truth of a religion. It might be an interesting yet ultimately non-essential aspect of religious practice. After all, if we assume from the outset that mystical experience is the true heart of religion, then of course we will place less emphasis on the cosmological and teleological content of religious beliefs. For the student of comparative mysticism it doesn’t really matter whether we call our goal the realisation of buddha-nature and nirvana, or the beatific vision and the enjoyment of eternal life in heaven; we already accept the mystics’ claim that the experience of ‘ultimate reality’ is beyond words.
How different are Buddhism and Christianity really? More to the point, how are we to determine what are and aren’t meaningful differences? If the ultimate reality transcends language, then we must accept that the contradictions may only be skin deep. Chesterton’s knowledge of Buddhism was admittedly superficial and mediated apparently by the idiosyncratic interpretations of his contemporaries – Buddhism under the influence of Theosophy and Orientalist popularisers; but one needn’t be well-acquainted with Buddhism to realise that there is a danger in upholding the common ground between two faiths as the only ground worth inhabiting. To interpret everything through the lens of similarity begs the question, diminishes differences before we even get to them.
Nonetheless, the reality of mysticism is compelling, and the ubiquity and consistency of it throughout human religious experience is hard to deny. Conversely, adopting the perspective of comparative mysticism distances us inevitably from the formal, exclusive, and particularist aspects of any one religious system. It doesn’t mean we can’t critically assess the strengths and weaknesses of different religions – and even come to recognise truly unique and revelatory elements within a religion; but it will always be somewhat distant, the observations and understanding of an outsider looking in.
To have this perspective and not promote it as necessarily superior, objectively true, and appropriate for others puts me in an unusual position. There’s not much I can say about it, and since most of my friends and acquaintances are either strongly religious or not religious at all, I tend not to discuss it with anyone. But it is nonetheless a view I have formed, examined, and considered over and again for more than half my life, and to which I keep returning, or should I say: it keeps returning to me. As indistinct as it may be in my own daily life, I have to acknowledge it as a profound influence on all aspects of my view of the world.
As Christmas approaches I can’t help but see it through this lens: the incarnation of that ‘ultimate reality’ within the utterly humble and unspectacular domain of ordinary human existence. Over the years I’ve come to appreciate the uniqueness of Christianity, not in as something that denies or refutes the past, but as fulfillment and reaffirmation of what has gone before. Not only God incarnate in its own terms, but a kind of ‘metaphor incarnate’ if we can set aside the misleading implications of such a phrase. To me this is the greatest sense I can make of it; a sense that grounds the metaphysical and ontological mysteries in the lived experience of the individual. An incarnation that mirrors the presence of the ultimate reality in the microcosm of the individual human being.
Posted in Melancholic, Philosopher-at-home
Tagged Buddhism, Christianity, Christmas, comparative mysticism, G.K. Chesterton, ideals, language, melancholic, mysticism, religion, religious experience, transcendent, truth, ultimate reality
A good friend recently gave me a copy of a book called ‘The Hall of Uselessness‘ by Simon Leys, the pen name of the late Pierre Ryckmans, the renowned Belgian-Australian sinologist, literary critic, and writer.
The ‘uselessness’ theme is not incidental. In his foreword the author quotes Zhuangzi:
“Everyone knows the usefulness of what is useful, but few know the usefulness of what is useless.”
In case there was any doubt, the first chapter ‘The Imitation of Our Lord Don Quixote’ demonstrates Ryckmans’ deep appreciation of useless:
“In his quest for immortal fame, Don Quixote suffered repeated defeats. Because he obstinately refused to adjust “the hugeness of his desire” to the “smallness of reality,” he was doomed to perpetual failure. Only a culture based upon “a religion of losers” could produce such a hero.
What we should remember, however, is this (if I may thus paraphrase Bernard Shaw): the successful man adapts himself to the world. The loser persists in trying to adapt the world to himself. Therefore all progress depends on the loser.”
I’m already into the second chapter, which includes an amusing private exchange between the author and the late Christopher Hitchens on the topic of Hitchens’ irreverent attack on Mother Theresa.
I’m especially looking forward to his chapter on G.K. Chesterton, amidst a wealth of other literary commentary; but I suspect the most intriguing section will prove to be the significant minority of the book dedicated to Ryckmans’ work as a sinologist, exploring Chinese political and literary culture from the misunderstood Confucius to contemporary political dissidents.
I’ll leave you with a poem from Tao Yuanming, quoted in Ryckmans’ essay on Chinese aesthetics:
I built my hut among people
And yet their noise does not disturb me
How is this possible, I ask you?
Solitude can be created by the mind, it is not a matter of distance.
Plucking Chrysanthemums at the foot of the hedge,
I gaze toward the faraway mountains.
At dusk the mountain air is beautiful,
When birds are returning.
Truth is at the heart of all this:
I wish to express it, yet find no words.
Thank you greatly for the gift Mark, I know I will enjoy it!
Tagged China, Christopher Hitchens, Confucius, Don Quixote, G.K. Chesterton, idealist, ideals, literature, melancholic, Mother Theresa, Pierre Ryckmans, sinology, Tao Yuanming, uselessness, utility, virtue, writing
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Peroxisome in animal cell
They use cilia to push mucus up and out of the lungs. According to this view, the later development of mitochondria rendered peroxisomes largely obsolete because many of the same reactions—which had formerly been carried out in peroxisomes without producing energy—were now coupled to ATP formation by means of oxidative phosphorylation.
It uses its flagellum to propel itself through the female reproductive tract. Vacuole Vacuoles are storage sacs filled with fluid.
The cytoskeleton is an organized network of three primary protein filaments: It is now recognized as a master regulator of adipogenesis and is most abundantly expressed in adipose tissue. Most notably, they are surrounded by only a single membraneand they do not contain DNA or ribosomes.
Because they do that job, you would expect liver cells to have more peroxisomes than most other cells in a human body.
Peroxisomes also have an important role in the synthesis of specialized phospholipids required for nerve cell myelination. Not only does it participate in the network of microtubules, it is involved in the cell cycle.
Two independent evolutionary analyses of the peroxisomal proteome found homologies between the peroxisomal import machinery and the ERAD pathway in the endoplasmic reticulum[20] [21] along with a number of metabolic enzymes that were likely recruited from the mitochondria.
Clinical studies with Rodiola Rosea have shown improved mood and reduced levels of fatigue and C-Reactive Protein, while boosting cognition and subjective well-being. Most peroxisomal membrane proteins are made in the cytosol and then insert into the membrane of preexisting peroxisomes.
Lysosomes have enzymes that work in oxygen-poor areas and lower pH.
Please try again later. This type of oxidative reaction is particularly important in liver and kidney cells, where the peroxisomes detoxify various toxic molecules that enter the bloodstream.
But because they have no genomeall of their proteins must be imported. For instance, the reported dynamic behavior of peroxules in plants could be due to peroxisome-ER contact sites, akin to that proposed in yeast Raychaudhuri and Prinz, Arabidopsis PEX10, which is reported to sort either indirectly to peroxisomes via the ER in suspension cells Flynn et al.
Search term Peroxisomes Peroxisomes differ from mitochondria and chloroplasts in many ways. Alternatively or in addition, plant preperoxisomes may exist as large pleomorphic structures of clustered peroxisomal tubules, reminiscent of the lamellar extension that detaches en block from the ER in mouse dendritic cells Geuze et al.
One of the byproducts of the digestion is hydrogen peroxide H2O2. Our editors will review what you've submitted, and if it meets our criteria, we'll add it to the article. Subscribe to RSS feed. Astragalus has been used for thousands of years in Traditional Chinese Medicine TCM to promote cardiovascular and immune health.Here, we review recent advances in plant peroxisome research and provide perspectives on the future research needed to fully understand the dynamics and functions of these organelles.
Some support for this premise comes from live-cell imaging of peroxisome tubular extensions (peroxules) in Arabidopsis. PEROXISOME – the organelle behind the film ‘Lorenzo’s Oil’ Peroxisomes are small rounded organelles found free floating in the cell cytoplasm.
These structures contain at least 50 enzymes and are separated from the cytoplasm by a lipid bilayer single membrane barrier. Stem Cell + ® is a multi-pathway stem cell activator that acts on many critical mechanisms of anti-aging and regeneration.
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A peroxisome (IPA: [pɛɜˈɹɒksɪˌsoʊm]) is a type of organelle known as a microbody, found in virtually all eukaryotic cells. They are involved in catabolism of very long chain fatty acids, branched chain fatty acids, D-amino acids, and polyamines, reduction of reactive oxygen species – specifically hydrogen peroxide – and biosynthesis of plasmalogens, i.e., ether phospholipids.
Live-cell imaging was performed using a 63X water-immersion objective.
Peroxisome labeling in fixed cells The SelectFX® Alexa Fluor® Peroxisome Labeling Kit provides the reagents needed to label peroxisomes in fixed cells, including cell fixative and permeabilization reagents. Peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma (PPAR-γ or PPARG), also known as the glitazone receptor, or NR1C3 (nuclear receptor subfamily 1, group C, member 3) is a type II nuclear receptor that in humans is encoded by the PPARG gene.
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Aside from those streaming behemoths, an increasing number of cable channels have launched their own independent services. HBO Now is at the high-end of this category, but many stations offer the ability to stream their shows for free, albeit with a few commercial breaks. And then there’s Dish Network’s newly launched Sling TV service, which streams a variety of live cable channels, including ESPN, for $20 per month.
NoCable, which acts as an information clearinghouse for non-cable solutions to TV, has slightly more specific information. It ranked Florida the No. 2 state for cutting the cord in 2017 behind California, though it did not have specific numbers of cord cutters. Florida also made some of the highest number of inquiries about what channels are available with an antenna.
None of the Internet service providers available in Dallas, TX can beat Frontier in terms of ratings.Finding the best Internet service provider in Texas starts with comparing the download speeds of each company to the state average of 33 Mbps. Keep in mind, however, that Internet providers' speeds may vary depending on where you live, so you should narrow down your choices according to which providers offer the fastest connections in Dallas, TX. CableTV.com includes download speeds in its rating system, which makes it easier for you to select a reliable Internet provider in your area.
This is hands-down the most important part of your cord cutting solution. If you've never used a TV antenna you're going to be amazed at the value you will discover. Depending on where you live, people will have different requirements for TV antennas. We offer a thorough explanation in our Antenna Selection Guide. Channel Master has been making TV antennas since 1949 and we are the experts.
Prime Video is a nice hybrid of an all-you-can-eat streaming service like Netflix, plus a video-on-demand store, with plenty of original content to go with it. It's "free" to anyone with a Prime account, which is best known for giving customers free two-day shipping—but you can also get Prime Video for $8.99 a month as a standalone service, with none of the other Amazon extras.
If you want to take advantage of streaming services — Netflix, Hulu, Amazon Prime and so forth — you'll need a way to display them on your TV. If you have a recent TV from a major manufacturer, you may not need to get anything at all. Smart TVs usually have these apps built in, and almost every high-end TV sold within the last two years or so has smart capabilities.
One of my personal favorites is Amazon Prime, which gives you access to thousands of free TV shows, movies, and documentaries, and there are thousands of other movies and shows available on a pay per view basis. There is a monthly fee to use Amazon Prime, but it is much more than just a TV subscription as you can also get free 2-day shipping from Amazon, borrow Kindle books for free, and more – all for less than $8 a month (Amazon Prime is one of the best deals in the tech world, in my opinion!).
For decades, consumers who wanted just a few channels had to pay for all of them. Comcast or DirecTV couldn’t offer, say, MTV without also including Viacom’s less popular channels such as TV Land. While consumers wanted to pay for single networks on an a la carte basis, the industry fought attempts to break the bundle into smaller, less expensive pieces.
If you’re cutting cable, that means you’re most likely going to use streaming services as cable TV alternatives to watch your shows, so you’ll need a solid Internet connection. Most streaming services work fine with the lowest tier (10 Mb), preventing buffering while you stream content, but a higher-speed service (25 Mb) will perform even better. Check the offerings with your Internet provider.
What you get: The Hulu with Live TV service offers about 50 channels, including major networks in some areas and sports channels such as CBS Sports, ESPN, and Fox Sports. You can watch on two devices at a time and record 50 hours on a cloud DVR. You can pay extra for more users and extra DVR storage, and the option to skip commercials. Hulu now also offers a combined plan, priced at $13 per month, that bundles a Spotify subscription with Hulu’s entry-level on-demand service.
While we recognize that Hulu is evolving as a service, at this time we don't feel that it provides much added value to TV antenna users. For cord cutters who for some reason cannot use a TV antenna or don't have access to one, Hulu, at either $8 or $12 per month depending on whether you want a lot of TV commercials in your content or just a few (you can't skip them), Hulu would be a great service to have.
To say PSvue is the best streaming option is to say you have not used any other streaming option. It may have been arguable before they lost the Viacom channels and before their price hike. But after both of those they rank 4th. Directions even without a cloud dave has the best channel selection closely followed by sling. Fubo and Hulu are as good or better than PSVue at this point. I started my cord cutting with PSvue and have used every option in case you were wondering how I came up with my ranking.
If you mean DirecTV Now, it’s a very solid service. I do like it a lot. And as stated above, it will be a big contender in 2017, especially if they start streaming in 4K as promised. I haven’t decided whether I’m sticking with PS Vue after my rate increases. I’m leaning toward switching to YouTube TV, but have another month to decide before my monthly rate increases.
Sports programming is still an undeniably huge draw. Justin Connolly, Disney’s executive vice president for affiliate sales and marketing, said ESPN is a big reason why people sign up for new online services such as Sling TV or DirecTV Now. And, of course, access to big-time sporting events is one of the reasons many people renew their cable-TV subscriptions.
I get asked about the best cable TV alternatives on a regular basis by readers so I wanted to write a post that outlines some of the cheaper alternatives to cable TV that still let you watch the shows you like. If you want to cut the cord and wonder what channels you can get without cable, this post shows the best cable replacement services to consider.
The premium cable channel Starz—home of some great shows like Counterpart, Power, Ash Vs. Evil Dead, Outlander, and The Girlfriend Experience—is both streaming for those with a cable/satellite subscription to it, available as a discrete streaming service (Starz Streaming), or as an add-on to Amazon Video. There are many apps allowing Starz viewing on almost any hardware (except PS4, but you can get around that by using the Amazon Channel add-on option). The cost is the same no matter how you get Starz.
"How do I find cable near me?" shouldn't be the only question you're asking. You should also ask yourself if you can pass the credit check. Yes, most major cable providers ask you for a credit check. As US News & World Report warns, this could be a hard inquiry (the kind that can impact your credit). They must ask your permission first but be forewarned, if you don't consent you could end up paying a deposit.
The question of "when does it make sense?" can easily be rephrased as "how much money can I save?" and one of the biggest factors will be the price difference between combined internet and TV service or just internet. These are also the options that vary the most widely based on where you live, and the availability of promotions or contracts that can keep prices down for a short time.
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Entries in Tron: Legacy (2)
'TRON: Legacy' Debuts at Number One
Photo Courtesy - Walt Disney Pictures(NEW YORK) -- The sci-fi sequel TRON: Legacy, starring Jeff Bridges, debuted in the top spot at the weekend box office, earning an estimated $43.6 million in ticket sales. Bridges also starred in the 1982 original, playing a character who finds himself inside a virtual reality world.
The animated family flick Yogi Bear was a distant second, debuting with an estimated $16.7 million.
The comedy How Do You Know took eighth place with $7.6 million. The Cher-Christina Aguilera musical Burlesque dropped out of the top 10 altogether in just its fourth week of release. It earned $1.4 million in 11th place.
Here are the top 10 movies from Friday through Sunday, with estimated ticket sales:
1. TRON: Legacy, $43.6 million
2. Yogi Bear, $16.7 million
3. The Chronicles of Narnia: The Voyage of the Dawn Treader, $12.4 million
4. The Fighter, $12.2 million
5. The Tourist, $8.7 million
6. Tangled, $8.68 million
7. Black Swan, $8.3 million
8. How Do You Know, $7.6 million
9. Harry Potter and the Deathly Hallows: Part 1, $4.8 million
10. Unstoppable, $1.8 million
Monday, December 20, 2010 at 6:43AM by Jeanette Torres Permalink
tagged Box Office, Tron: Legacy in Entertainment General
'TRON: Legacy,' 'The Fighter,' 'Yogi Bear' Open Nationwide in Theaters
Photo Courtesy - Walt Disney Pictures(NEW YORK) -- Here's a look at the new movies opening nationwide Friday:
* TRON: Legacy -- Jeff Bridges reprises the role he originated in the 1982 film TRON, that of video game developer Kevin Flynn. He's lost in a digital universe, and it's up to his 27-year-old son to find him. Garrett Hedlund and Olivia Wilde also star. The film is screening in 3D and is rated PG.
* Yogi Bear -- Dan Aykroyd voices the beloved cartoon bear, who tries to save Jellystone Park from shutting down. Justin Timberlake lends his voice to Yogi's sidekick, Boo-Boo. Anna Faris and Tom Cavanagh also star. The film is screening in 3D and is rated PG.
* How Do You Know -- Reese Witherspoon's Lisa is stuck in a love triangle with a pro baseball pitcher she's dating and a businessman that also interests her. Owen Wilson, Paul Rudd, and Jack Nicholson also star in the PG-13 rated film.
* The Fighter -- Mark Wahlberg portrays real-life boxer "Irish" Micky Ward, who overcomes family struggles to earn a shot at the world championship. Christian Bale co-stars as fellow boxer and Ward's troubled half-brother, Dicky Eklund, while Amy Adams plays Ward's girlfriend. The Golden Globe-nominated drama is rated R.
And expanding into wide release:
* Black Swan -- The critically acclaimed thriller stars Natalie Portman as a ballerina descending into madness. Mila Kunis, Winona Ryder, Vincent Cassel, and Barbara Hershey also star in the Golden Globe-nominated film. The film is rated R.
Friday, December 17, 2010 at 6:31AM by Jeanette Torres Permalink
tagged Release, The Fighter, Theaters, Tron: Legacy, Yogi Bear in Entertainment General, Movies
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Overview for James Fox
James Fox
Mighty Quinn, The (1989) October 08 (ET) - REMINDER
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Born: May 19, 1939 Cause of Death:
Birth Place: London, England, GB Profession: Cast ...
Cast (feature film)
Effie Gray (2015)
The film explores the scandalous love triangle between Victorian art critic John Ruskin, his teenage bride Effie Gray, and Pre-Raphaelite painter John Everett Millais. After marrying at the tender age of 19, Effie quickly realizes her marriage is a lie when Ruskin refuses to consummate it. Yearning
Double, The (2014)
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Bunny and the Bull (2011)
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Kid, The (2010)
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Sherlock Holmes has made his reputation finding the truth at the heart of the most complex mysteries. With the aid of Dr. John Watson, his trusted ally, the renowned "consulting detective" is unequaled in his pursuit of criminals of every stripe, whether relying on his singular powers of observation, his remarkable deductive skills, or the blunt force of his fists. But now a storm is gathering over London, a threat unlike anything that Holmes has ever confronted and just the challenge he''s looking for. After a string of brutal, ritualistic murders, Holmes and Watson arrive just in time to save the latest victim and uncover the killer: the unrepentant Lord Blackwood. As he approaches his scheduled hanging, Blackwood--who has terrorized inmates and jailers alike with his seeming connection to dark and powerful forces--warns Holmes that death has no power over him and, in fact, his execution plays right into Blackwood''s plans. And when, by all indications, Blackwood makes good on his promise, his apparent resurrection panics London and confounds Scotland Yard. But to Holmes, the game is afoot. Racing to stop Blackwood''s deadly plot, Holmes and Watson plunge into a world of the dark arts and startling new technologies, where logic is sometimes the best crime-fighting weapon--but where a good right hook will often do the job.
Sherlock Holmes (Theatrical) (2009)
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Young Charlie Bucket and his Grandpa Joe join a small group of contest winners who get to tour the magical and mysterious factory of eccentric candy maker Willy Wonka. Aided by his diminutive Oompa Loompa workers, Wonka has a hidden motivation for the tour, one that he will reveal only after the children in the group show their true colors.
Donald Cammell: The Ultimate Performance (2004)
Portrait of Donald Cammell, the iconoclastic filmmaker who committed suicide in 1996. Best known for his collaboration with Nic Roeg on Performance in 1970, Cammell also worked with such diverse talents as Marlon Brando, Kenneth Anger and Anne Heche. With a personal life as fascinatingly schizoid as
Prince & Me, The (2004) as The King Of Denmark
Paige, a pre-med student from Wisconsin, is on the fast track toward her life-long goals. Edward, the Crown Prince of Denmark, is trying to escape a life he never chose. Needing an escape from his royal life, Edward treks to Wisconsin and poses as "Eddie," a college student. Now they''ve fallen in love and Edward is in line to become Denmark''s King. Paige has to choose between two dreams--becoming a princess, or the doctor she''s always wanted to be.
Mystic Masseur, The (2001)
In colonial 1940s Trinidad, schoolteacher Ganesh is a man determined to write a book. Moving from the Port of Spain to his country village, Ganesh sets up shop as a masseur to support himself and his radiant new wife, Leela, while pursuing his dream. He soon becomes an expert on Hinduism and mystica
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Golden Bowl, The (2001)
Set in the opulent social scene of England and Italy between 1903 and 1909, the story of two marriages dangerously intertwined in a web of secrets and lies. Adam Verner, an American billionaire art collector, and his sheltered daughter Maggie marry, only to discover that their respective spouses--th
Up At the Villa (2000)
Set amidst the expatriate community of Florence in 1938 -- during the rise of Fascism on the eve of World War II -- a penniless, widowed young British socialite, Mary Panton, travels to Italy to take up residence in the villa of some absent friends, only to find herself embroiled in a love triangle
Lover's Prayer (2000)
A tale of an innocent rich boy's infatuation with a beautiful young woman, who is summering next door. He quickly abandons his toys and pastimes for the thrill of her seductive ways. But when he is finally confronted with who she really and the entangled web she has spun, he is forced to become a ma
Sexy Beast (2000) as Harry
Ex-con Gary "Gal" Dove has served his time behind bars and is blissfully retired to a Spanish villa paradise with a wife he adores. The idyll is shattered by the arrival of his nemesis Don Logan, intent on persuading Gal to return to London for one last big job. Desperate not to sacrifice his enchan
When proper Englishman and Manhattan art dealer, Michael Felgate, falls in love with Gina Vitale, he is certain she''ll soon be his bride. Upon proposing to her at "La Trattoria," a popular eatery in Little Italy, he makes a wrong turn looking for the men''s room and discovers a man imprisoned in the restaurant''s meat freezer. At this point, he learns not only that his bride-to-be is in fact the daughter of a powerful mafia godfather, but that his "discovery" has just embroiled him in a dangerous situation which requires him to pose as the gangster "Mickey Blue Eyes" in order to get out of it alive.
Jinnah (1998) as Lord Richard Mountbatten
An Indian Muslim fights to establish Pakistan as a nation.
Circle of Passion (1998) as Arthur Trevane
The pain of losing one woman, the passion of loving another.
Never Ever (1997)
A man tries to leave his mistress after his wife attempts suicide.
In 19th century Russia a woman in a respectable marriage to a doctor must grapple with her love for a dashing soldier.
Doomsday Gun (1995)
The true story of Canadian Gerald Bull, whose obsession with building the world's largest gun led him into a deadly agreement with Saddam Hussein.
Heart Of Darkness (1994)
Adaptation of Joseph Conrad''s 1902 novel about a young British colonialist in Africa who journeys up the Congo River, where his most shocking discovery is "civilized" man''s inherent greed and savagery.
Boiler Room (1993)
Lovelorn, struggling, would-be film director Mark Grossman gets a job selling office supplies for a sleazy mob-owned telemarketing firm, where gifts are used as an incentive to do business. Things turn from bad to worse when Mark secretly "takes" his accounts to another company, and narrowly escapes
The Remains Of The Day (1993)
A proper British butler sacrifices happiness to remain faithful to his position.
Patriot Games (1992)
Vacationing with his wife and daughter in London, former CIA agent Jack Ryan steps in to stop the assassination of an English minister, killing a terrorist in the process. The terrorist's brother also happens to be an IRA radical and stalks Ryan back to the United States for revenge. A high-stakes g
As You Like It (1992) as Jaques
A soldier takes it upon himself to rescue a comrade held hostage by terrorists in Buenos Aires.
Afraid Of The Dark (1991)
A sadistic attacker who slashes the faces of the blind is stalking the streets of London, and an 11 year-old boy, fearing for the safety of his blind mother, struggles with the differences between his dreams and reality.
She's Been Away (1990) as Hugh Ambrose
After the mental institution where she's spent the last sixty years is closed down, an elderly woman is brought into the home of her concerned nephew and his hysterical wife.
The Russia House (1990)
An expatriate Englishmen finds love while doing intelligence work in the Soviet Union.
Boys in the Island (1989)
Four boyhood pals come of age at the hands of a cuckholded gangster and his siren girlfriend.
The Mighty Quinn (1989)
A Caribbean police officer must decide if a childhood friend is a crook or an innocent victim.
Farewell to the King (1989)
In the last days of World War II, a British captain is parachuted into Borneo to organize resistance against the Japanese. In order to accomplish his mission, he must deal with an American who has made himself almost a God in the eyes of the local inhabitants.
High Season (1988) as Patrick
Whistle Blower, The (1987) as Lord
New World (1986) as William Bradford
Comrades (1986) as Norfolk
Six British farm laborers are imprisoned in Australia in 1834 for forming an unauthorized union in their native country.
Absolute Beginners (1986) as Henley Od
A young photographer seeks media stardom to keep the love of a beautiful model.
Old Curiosity Shop, The (1985)
Adaptation of Charles Dickens classic novel which blends comic and tragic elements of 19th century life. Pursued by the sinister, money hungry landlord Quilp, young Nell Trent and her debt-ridden grandfather encounter a menagerie of unforgettable characters on a thrilling odyssey through the colorfu
A Passage to India (1984) as Richard Fielding
A false rape charge threatens British-Indian relations.
Greystoke: The Legend Of Tarzan, Lord Of The Apes (1984) as Lord Esker
The legendary jungle king tries to adjust to life in British high society.
Runners (1983) as Tom Lindsay
Pavlova (1983)
Country (1981) as Philip Carlion
No Longer Alone (1978)
The life of British actress Joan Winmill is depicted. In flashbacks, Winmill's unhappy childhood, and the deaths of her mother and a cousin are recalled, as well as her affair with Robert Kennedy, and her suicidal tendencies stemming from her depression. The film shifts to the present when the actre
Arp Statue, The (1971)
Arabella (1970) as Giorgio
Performance (1970) as Chas Devlin
A wounded mobster holes up in a reclusive rock star''''s decaying mansion.
Duffy (1968) as Stefane
A playboy tries to rob his father with the help of a gentleman crook.
Isadora (1968) as Gordon Craig
A biography of the dancer Isadora Duncan, the 1920s dancer who forever changed people's ideas of ballet. Her nude, semi-nude, and pro-Soviet dance projects as well as her attitudes on free love, debt, dress, and lifestyle shocked the public of her time.
Thoroughly Modern Millie (1967) as Jimmy Smith
A small-town girl hits the big city in search of romance Roaring Twenties style.
The Chase (1966) as Jason "Jake" Rogers
A convict's escape ignites passions in his hometown.
King Rat (1965) as Flight Lieutenant Marlowe
A U.S. officer in a World War II Japanese POW camp tries to raise money to buy his fellow prisoners'''' freedom.
Those Magnificent Men in Their Flying Machines; or How I Flew From London to Paris in 25 Hours and 11 Minutes (1965) as Richard Mays
An international air race is threatened by sabotage.
Tamahine (1964) as Oliver
A glamorous Polynesian raises temperatures at a boy''''s school when she comes to visit her cousin.
The Servant (1964) as Tony
A wily manservant takes over his dissolute master''''s estate.
The Lavender Hill Mob (1952)
An overlooked gold transporter with twenty years service plots to steal a million pounds of gold.
The Miracle of Our Lady of Fatima (1952) as
Three children from a small village claim to have seen a vision of the Virgin Mary.
The Miniver Story (1950) as Toby Miniver
A brave family comes together in the face of post-war problems.
Magnet, The (1950)
Cast (special)
Choir, The (1995)
Four-part adaptation of a novel by Joanna Trollope. Loyalties are divided, factions are formed and friendships are torn apart during a battle to preserve the choir of an English cathedral.
Perfect Hero, A (1992)
A four-part presentation of "Masterpiece Theatre." A handsome British fighter pilot is left disfigured when his plane is shot down during World War II.
Question of Attribution, A (1992)
A dramatization of the true story of Sir Anthony Blunt, curator of Queen Elizabeth II's art collection until he confessed in 1964 to being a Soviet spy.
18th Annual American Film Institute Life Achievement Award: A Salute to Sir David Lean, The (1990)
Broadcast in which the American Film Institute (AFI) presents its eighteenth annual Life Achievement Award to director David Lean.
Cast (TV Mini-Series)
Death on the Nile (2004) as Colonel Race
Gulliver's Travels (1996)
Miniseries inspired by Jonathan Swift's novel. An English physician, shipwrecked for eight years, finally returns home and recounts an unbelievable odyssey of strange lands and fantastic creatures.
Fall from Grace (1994)
A two-part miniseries based on Larry Collins' novel, set against the backdrop of World War II, chronicling the lives of men and women who sacrificed their lives and loves during the staging and landing of the Allied forces in Normandy, France, on D-Day.
Cambridge Spies (2003)
Hans Christian Andersen: My Life as a Fairy Tale (2002) as Jonas Collin
Lost World, The (2001) as Professor Leo Summerlee
Shadow on the Sun (1988) as Mansfield Markham
A miniseries for CBS detailing the life of Beryl Markham, famed adventurer, pilot, and horse trainer who was linked romantically with some of the most celebrated people of her time.
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A Revolutionary War
A New Nation
The war was the people’s war.
–David Ramsay, writing in 1789 about the events of 1782
Explore the final years of the War for Independence from the multiplicity of perspectives of the people who lived through it. Could enslaved people find liberty, either in the American or British Armies? Could Native Americans be part of the new American republic? Did Loyalists have any rights in the Revolutionary states? Explore how Revolutionary Americans struggled with these—and other—weighty questions, even as their prospects of victory brightened.
As both sides grew frustrated with the unexpectedly long conflict, the struggle continued to tear the social fabric of American communities apart, particularly in the South. The war had become a civil war and the prolonged pressures drove Americans to face persistent questions about their ideals of liberty.
Between December 1778 and May 1780, British forces captured Savannah, Georgia and Charleston, South Carolina, and captured the majority of the Continental Army’s Southern units. At the Battle of Camden in August 1780, British troops defeated most of the remaining patriot army in the South. Encounter the military and social dynamics of the Southern war, particularly at the Battle of Cowpens–a pivotal American victory and decisive turning point in the Southern campaign.
In the year 1781, the most intense fighting of the war was in the southern colonies, but the war was changing. An army of 6,000 arrived from France and the combined Franco-American force was now capable of taking the offensive against the British, exactly the result of the alliance America has long hoped for. Through an immersive theater experience, watch as the final years of the War unfold from Yorktown in 1781 to the signing of the Treaty of Paris in 1783.
Tableaux Scene - Tarleton’s Loyalists Dragoons
Come face-to-face with life-size figures on horseback of Banastre Tarleton’s Loyalists Dragoons of the British, a loyalist corps, composed of Americans who sided with the king against Congress. Even amidst the horrors of the Southern war, Tarleton’s corps had a particular reputation for cruelty and mercilessness. Though these stories were sometimes exaggerated, the British Legion came to symbolize the extreme violence of war in the region. Despite their reputation for mercilessness, Tarleton’s British Legion struggled with politics like many Southerners. Many of them were “soft loyalists,” or American Continentals captured at the Siege of Charleston, and forced to fight for the King.
Join a Privateer Ship
Climb aboard a replica privateer ship, like the one 14-year-old free black James Forten volunteered on, to experience the war at sea. To counter British naval might, Americans relied heavily on the old tradition of privateering. Privateers were privately-owned vessels licensed by Congress or the state governments to attack British ships and disrupt trade. They paid their crew and investors by dividing their “prizes” -- the cargo and other assets of captured ships.
African Americans and the Ideals of Freedom
In 1776, when Congress declared that “all men are created equal,” approximately 400,000 African Americans lived in slavery. Promises of freedom for military services came from both sides, but the decision for many enslaved African Americans was not an easy or clear-cut one. As enslaved African Americans grappled with their own personal decisions, learn about their wartime reality through an interactive, storytelling experience that explores the contradictions between the fight for American liberty and the persistence of American slavery in the eighteenth-century.
Native People and the West
View the war in an immersive theatre experience that reorients your perspective to look west, and see how Americans viewed these western lands as the spoils of war. Discover that the American Revolution was not isolated to the Atlantic seaboard, as the creation of a new American nation became a threat to the very existence of Native American nations already inhabiting western lands.
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As I write this column, I, like most people in the world, am in disbelief of the terrible shootings that occurred on the Virginia Tech campus that claimed the lives of at least 33 people.
First and foremost, I want to say that the thoughts and prayers of everyone at West Virginia University go out to everyone affected by the shootings at Virginia Tech. Words cannot begin to describe the pain and sorrow all college students are feeling on the worst day in our college careers.
While this is now the worst public shooting ever to occur in the nation's history, it is the responsibility of college students, faculty and staff everywhere to act responsibly following these tragic events.
Directly after the shooting at Columbine High School in April 1999, schools all over the country began instituting extremely strict policies to deter future acts of violence in American schools. Growing up in the post-Columbine school system, students today remember the heightened security measures that were taken.
Superintendents everywhere were no longer allowing students to carry backpacks around schools or go out for lunch.
While it is impossible to know if those new precautions actually deterred anyone from shooting people in school, one of the most important lessons to take from both the Columbine and Virginia Tech shootings is that no matter the security precautions you take, nothing can stop a killer.
It is crucial for WVU as well as all other colleges and universities around the country to act accordingly following the Virginia Tech massacre. However, higher learning institutions should not make unnecessary and costly security upgrades because of an isolated incident at Virginia Tech.
During a press conference, Virginia Tech President Charles Steger said, "(We) can't have an armed guard in front of every classroom." When asked if the campus had enough security to protect their students, Steger said, "It's very difficult because we are an open society and an open campus."
Other than the shooting that occurred at the University of Texas at Austin in 1966, there has not been an event that can compare to the one that occurred on Monday.
Hopefully, school presidents will comprehend that placing metal detectors, instituting increased security or having people rummaging through our belongings is not the answer.
Unfortunately, there are no remedies for tragic events like this.
The only thing universities and colleges can do is take minor precautions to protect their students, faculty and staff. If Sept. 11 has taught us anything, it is that people who want to cause violence will find a way to do it. Wasting thousands or even millions of dollars on security upgrades is not going to solve anything.
I am not saying, however, that precautions should not be taken at all; I am simply saying that adding SWAT teams to patrol campuses is unnecessary. ID scans and similar campus precautions are good ideas and should be considered by all institutions.
Though the shootings at Virginia Tech are tragic and terrible, we have to remember to act sensibly and not rashly. Being prepared for situations like this is important, but we have to remember that this isolated incident is not an excuse to allow college presidents to overreact and start spending money on frivolous security measures.
Once again, I want to say that the thoughts and prayers of every West Virginia University student, faculty and staff member are with the people at Virginia Tech.
Original Source: The Daily Athenaeum
<a href="http://www.da.wvu.edu/show_article.php?&story_id=27552">http://www.da.wvu.edu/show_article.php?&story_id=27552</a>
Christian Alexandersen
Leann Ray <Leann.Ray@mail.wvu.edu>
columbine, increased security, unreasonable security, wvu
Christian Alexandersen, “Shootings don’t call for unreasonable security,” The April 16 Archive, accessed July 19, 2019, http://april16archive.org/items/show/1691.
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Elon Musk warns AI could become an immortal’ digital dictator
April 9, 2018 by
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As if the world didn’t have enough dictators to worry about, Elon Musk says that our future authoritarian leaders will be AI. Musk has previously warned about the dangers of artificial intelligence , particularly if control of it is concentrated the hands of a power-hungry global elite. He suggests that an AI dictator would know everything about us (thanks to being connected to computers across the planet), would be more dangerous to the world than North Korea and would unleash “weapons of terror” that could lead to the next world war. To top it all off, unlike human dictators, an AI dictator would never die. According to Musk, this dark future awaits us if we don’t regulate AI. “The least scary future I can think of is one where we have at least democratized AI because if one company or small group of people manages to develop godlike digital superintelligence, they could take over the world,” Musk said in the new documentary Do You Trust This Computer ? “At least when there’s an evil dictator, that human is going to die. But for an AI, there would be no death. It would live forever. And then you’d have an immortal dictator from which we can never escape.” The documentary in which Musk is quoted focuses on several potentially hazardous applications of artificial intelligence, including the stock market, fake news algorithms, and autonomous weapons. In the film, Musk cites Google ‘s DeepMind project as an example of a powerful company in pursuit of superintelligence, or AI that is truly smarter than a human being. DeepMind has already achieved several milestones, including the 2016 defeat of world champion Lee Se-dol by AlphaGo in the board game Go. “The DeepMind system can win at any game ,” explained Musk. “It can already beat all the original Atari games. It is super human; it plays all the games at super speed in less than a minute.” Related: Elon Musk says trips to Mars coming as soon as next year Musk clarifies that this is not necessarily a question of good or evil, at least regarding the AI itself. “If AI has a goal and humanity just happens to be in the way, it will destroy humanity as a matter of course without even thinking about it. No hard feelings,” Musk said. “It’s just like, if we’re building a road and an anthill just happens to be in the way, we don’t hate ants , we’re just building a road, and so, goodbye anthill.” Musk suggests that humans ultimately incorporate artificial intelligence into their very being to avoid becoming redundant. Putting his money where his mouth is, Musk is the co-founder of Neuralink that is reportedly interested in accomplishing Musk’s goal of merging the human brain to a computer. Via CNBC Images via Steve Jurvetson/Flickr WebSummit/Flickr and Depositphotos
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Tags: computer, dictators, environment, environmental destruction, futurology, news, north-korea, oil leak, pipeline-leak
Study finds pollution is more deadly than war, natural disasters, and disease
October 23, 2017 by
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Environmental pollution isn’t just inconvenient, it’s also deadly. Every year, more people are killed by pollutants — from toxic air to contaminated water — than by all war and violence. Pollution is also responsible for more deaths than AIDS, tuberculosis, and malaria combined. This disturbing revelation was revealed in a new study published in the Lancet medical journal. Scientists determined that one out of every six premature deaths (about 9 million in 2015) results from pollution; and while life is more important than money, these deaths cause $4.6 trillion in annual losses or about 6.2 percent of the world’s economy. Epidemiologist Philip Landrigan, lead author and Dean of global health at the Icahn School of Medicine in New York, said, “There’s been a lot of study of pollution, but it’s never received the resources or level of attention as, say, AIDS or climate change. ” Landrigan added that pollution is a “massive problem” few truly comprehend, as what they’re witnessing are “scattered bits of it.” This is the first study of its kind to take into account data on all diseases and death caused by pollution combined. According to the study , developing countries — primarily in Asia and Africa — are putting the most people at risk due to a lack of air and soil pollution monitoring systems. In 2015, one out of four (2.5 million) premature deaths in India and one out of five (1.8 million) premature deaths in China were caused by pollution-related illness. “In the West, we got the lead out of the gasoline, so we thought lead was handled. We got rid of the burning rivers, cleaned up the worst of the toxic sites. And then all of those discussions went into the background,” said Richard Fuller, head of the Pure Earth and one of the 47 scientists who contributed to the report. In Bangladesh , Pakistan, North Korea, South Sudan and Haiti, nearly one-fifth of premature deaths are pollution-related. Based on this information, it should not come as a surprise that the poorest suffer most from pollution-related illness. 92 percent of sickness related to environmental toxicity occurs in low- or middle-income countries. Phys reports, “Environmental regulations in those countries tend to be weaker, and industries lean on outdated technologies and dirtier fuels.” Fuller noted that this safety of the public is being compromised for industrial growth, which has negative repercussions. He said, “What people don’t realize is that pollution does damage to economies . People who are sick or dead cannot contribute to the economy. They need to be looked after.” To determine the global impact of pollution , the study’s authors used methods outlined by the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency for assessing field data from soil tests, in addition to air and water pollution data from the Global Burden of Disease. Though 9 million pollution-related deaths is a “conservative” estimate, it is still 15 times the number of people killed in war or other forms of violence, and six times the number killed in road accidents . Ernesto Sanchez-Triana, the lead environmental specialist at the World Bank, said, “The relationship between pollution and poverty is very clear. And controlling pollution would help us address many other problems, from climate change to malnutrition . The linkages can’t be ignored.” + Lancet Via Phys Images via Pixabay
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Tags: africa, economy, environmental destruction, india, information, malnutrition, north-korea, science
Snhetta designs Europes first underwater restaurant
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Europe’s first underwater restaurant offshore of Norway will put a new spin on the meaning of “dining with a view.” Snøhetta just unveiled designs for “Under,” a submerged restaurant that will offer spectacular views of the seabed and double as a research center for marine life. Advanced heating pump technology that taps into the seabed’s thermal mass will maintain the restaurant’s comfortable interior temperatures year-round. Under—which translates to “wonder” in Norwegian—will be housed in a monolithic concrete shell that appears to have sunk halfway into the sea. Located by the village of Båly at the southernmost point of the Norwegian coast, the building will rest directly on the seabed five meters below the water’s surface, where it will become an artificial mussel reef as a water-purifying mollusk community attaches to the building’s coarse surface. Meter-thick concrete walls will protect the structure from pressure and shock in the sea, while an 11-by-4-meter panoramic acrylic window frames views of the seabed and wild fauna. Related: Snøhetta unveils spectacular makeover for nation’s second-largest waterfall Visitors to Under will enjoy locally sourced seafood fare prepared by Danish chef Nicolai Ellitsgaard Pedersen as well as an educational journey thanks to informational plaques mounted along the trail to the restaurant entrance. The interior is fitted out in locally sourced materials and a warm-toned, natural materials palette, as well as muted lighting, to keep the emphasis on underwater views. The restaurant, which seats 80 to 100 guests, will be used as a marine biology research center on its off-hours. Snøhetta writes: “Through its architecture, menu and mission of informing the public about the biodiversity of the sea, Under will provide an under-water experience inspiring a sense of awe and delight, activating all the senses – both physical and intellectual.” + Snøhetta
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Tags: architecture, carousel showcase, Eco, economy, environmental destruction, heating pump, india, malnutrition, north-korea, norway, science, snohetta, under, underwater restaurant
Daan Roosegaarde unveils mind-expanding 295-foot SPACE installation in Eindhoven
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Most of us won’t have a chance to blast off to outer space and glimpse the beauty of Earth at night. But designer Daan Roosegaarde’s firm Studio Roosegaarde brought that image of light and darkness to the Eindhoven Railway Station in the Netherlands . This new, interactive art installation, called SPACE , gives travelers the opportunity to, in the words of Roosegaarde, “experience a new dimension of light, just as an astronaut sees it in an orbit of the Earth.” Inhabitat spoke with Roosegaarde to hear more. People walking through Eindhoven Station will now have a good reason to linger a while. Studio Roosegaarde ‘s SPACE illuminates a tunnel with a 90-meter, or 295-foot, artwork, drawing on NASA satellite imagery of the Earth. Roosegaarde told Inhabitat the piece is “about wonder, and bringing some silence and imagination in this busy train station.” SPACE is located where Eindhoven Station’s main entrance once was, before it was renovated, and the art installation was designed to add the feeling of more space as it enhances the architecture. Related: INTERVIEW: Designer Daan Roosegaarde on smog temples, space trash, and what’s next The Studio Roosegaarde team opened Earth into one long strip, like you might peel an apple or orange. They digitally edited the NASA images into a composite 3D image. Using new technology, they actually printed lenses to create the illusion of depth. Roosegaarde told Inhabitat, “It sort of relates to your old bank card: when you would rotate it you would see different images, the sort of hologram-type of feeling. Well, we went back to the lab, and really started enhancing that, so you have 20 lenses per inch, and each lens has 45 images.” Controlled LED lights brighten the artwork, providing contrast between places like North Korea and South Korea, or around the Nile River in Egypt. “UNESCO is actually working on the idea that a dark sky is a right, like an experience that everyone must be able to see the stars at night. They’re working on that to make that sort of like a world heritage,” Roosegaarde told Inhabitat. “And that is fascinating, because we work a lot with light, but we also appreciate darkness, and only using light when it’s needed. Why do we have streetlights burning the whole night when nobody’s there? That’s really stupid. Can we not make that smarter, more interactive, more personal?” The images in SPACE come from outer space, but Roosegaarde was also inspired by the idea of “space in your head.” He told Inhabitat, “You look at it, and you wonder. I think there’s not a lack of money in this world, or of technology; there’s a lack of imagination. It’s space in your brain: space to think, space to imagine. That’s what makes us human. That’s our true capital.” Eindhoven – which is the city of light – commissioned the artwork along with ProRail and National Dutch Railways for the train station’s restored passenger tunnel, which was designed by Luc Veeger of Arcadis . SPACE will be highlighted during Dutch Design Week , which will take place from October 21 through October 29. + Studio Roosegaarde Images courtesy of Studio Roosegaarde
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Tags: architecture, earth, eindhoven, gallery, north-korea, roosegaarde, space, space art, studio
Google will be powered by 100% renewable energy by 2018
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After 10 years as a carbon-neutral company, Google has announced that all of its data centers and offices will be powered by 100 percent renewable energy , mostly from solar and wind sources. The corporate giant made quick progress towards meeting their goal, which was set in 2016 and will be fulfilled by 2018. In its 2017 Environmental Report, Google, self-described as the largest corporate purchaser of renewable energy, declared that in making its big shift to clean energy, it had pioneered “new energy purchasing models that others can follow” and “helped drive wide-scale global adoption of clean energy.” “We believe Google can build tools to improve people’s lives while reducing our dependence on natural resources and fossil fuels,” said Google executive Urs Hölzle. Google’s rapid shift to clean energy is welcome not only for the influence it may have on other companies but also for its impact on Google’s energy consumption, which was estimated in 2015 to be as large as the city of San Francisco . In line with its sustainability focus, Google has also launched an initiative to add air quality sensors to Google Street View vehicles and plans to change its waste disposal systems to ensure that the company adds nothing to landfills. Half of Google’s 14 data centers have already reached that particular milestone. Related: Alphabet X to beam wireless service to Puerto Rico with a fleet of balloons Most of Google’s renewable energy is purchased from an outside provider. However, they are making important moves to provide some of their own in-house energy, including the company’s recent acquisition of the Tellenes wind farm in Norway. The 12-year deal to provide 100 percent of the energy produced will power Google’s data centers in Finland, Belgium, the Netherlands and Ireland . Google expects to purchase power as soon as it is available, which is expected in fall 2017. Via Inverse Images via Wikimedia Commons (1) and Robbie Shade/Flickr
Tags: 100% renewable energy, android, architecture, belgium, eindhoven, google san jose, innovation, ireland, north-korea, studio, sustainable design, zero-emissions
North Korean construction workers fed crystal meth to accelerate skyscraper project
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There are many ways to speed up a construction job, but project managers in North Korea are reportedly turning to a dangerous method to get workers to build faster. An inside source told Radio Free Asia that construction workers building a skyscraper in the capital city of Pyongyang are being fed crystal meth so they can work faster. In a country already well-known for severe human rights violations , this is devastating news. The builders in question are working on a 70-story building in the heart of North Korea’s capital city, which is just one part of a 60-building development on Pyongyang’s Ryomyung Street. Reportedly, there are hundreds of thousands of construction workers on the job site, although the anonymous source didn’t specify how widespread the drug use might be. “Project managers are now openly providing drugs to construction workers so that they will work faster,” the source told Radio Free Asia. “Project managers at a building site in North Korea’s capital Pyongyang are openly supplying their exhausted workforce with powerful methamphetamine called ‘ice’. [They] are undergoing terrible sufferings in their work.” Related: Paris climate deal: North Korea ratification pushes GHG ticker over 1% Embed from Getty Images Pressure to make swift progress on the ambitious building project has been mounting, following North Korea ’s announcement about ushering in a “great golden age of construction.” Yet, several of leader Kim Jong-un’s big pet projects, including the long-awaited Ryugyong Hotel, are years behind schedule. Rumors about meth distribution by project managers are backed up by graffiti found on the building site, which reportedly reads, “Pyongyang speed is drug speed,” alluding to the connection between drug use and the speed of construction. Even people who never saw an episode of Breaking Bad know that crystal meth is a dangerous drug, and regular use can lead to heart attack, brain damage, and psychoses. And one can only imagine how structurally sound a building might be after being erected by a bunch of drugged out construction workers. Via Dezeen Images via Aram Pan
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Tags: a-building-site, architecten, crystal meth, human rights violations, north-korea, pyongyang, ryugyong-hotel, zecc architecten
Bowl-shaped stadium in the UAE uses smart design to stay naturally cool in searing heat
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The 60,000-seat Mohammed bin Rashid Stadium will serve as the centerpiece of a new mixed-use sports complex in Dubai . The complex will also include training facilities, a practice pitch, warm-up areas, a 5,000-space car park, a museum, a multipurpose sports hall, retail, restaurants, and public parks. The stadium’s elevated playing field will be FIFA-compliant. The mixed-use sports complex was developed as part of Dubai’s “Sports Innovation Lab” initiative that aims to make the UAE an international sports destination. Related: The world’s new tallest tower moves forward in Dubai The bowl-shaped stadium and the playing field are elevated above ground level to create a shaded entry plaza below. The landscaping, which includes tall trees, and the water features create a comfortable microclimate . The permeable facade is outfitted with solar shading fins that help keep the stadium cool and also cast an interesting play of geometric shadows on the plaza floor. + Perkins+Will Via ArchDaily
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Tags: a-building-site, architecten, architecture, crystal meth, dubai, human rights violations, north-korea, perkins, perkins+will, rashid, sports, sports innovation lab, sports-complex, zecc architecten
Paris climate deal update: North Korea ratification pushes GHG ticker over 1%
August 8, 2016 by
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North Korea is the latest country to ratify the Paris climate agreement , becoming the 22nd nation to submit its ratification document to the United Nations. The recent ratification by the totalitarian state pushed the greenhouse gas emissions ticker of countries that have ratified the agreement to over one percent (1.09 percent). North Korea represents .23 percent of global GHG emissions, second to Cameroon among the ratifiers so far. The African nation, which ratified the agreement on July 29, represents .45 percent of global emissions. A total of 55 nations representing 55 percent of global emissions are needed for the agreement to enter into force . In accordance with Article 21 of the Paris agreement, the deal enters into force 30 days after the necessary amount of ratifications. The world’s top two emitters, the United States and China, have committed to ratifying the agreement by the end of the year. India, the number three emitter, has indicated it will work toward the goal of ratification. The United States represents 17.89 percent of global emissions, China represents 20.09 percent of global emissions and India represents 4.10 percent of global emissions. Together they would bring the ticker to 43.16 percent. Related: 14 Pacific island nations considering world’s first ban on fossil fuels The European Union and its 28 member states represent 12.08 percent of world emissions. The EU is expected to ratify . Other countries working on ratification soon include Canada (1.95 percent), Mexico (1.70 percent), Iceland (0.01 percent) and Brazil (2.48 percent). In addition to North Korea and Cameroon, the countries that have ratified so far include Barbados, Belize, Fiji, Grenada, Guyana, Maldives, Marshall Islands, Mauritius, Nauru, Norway, Palau, Peru, Samoa, Seychelles, Somalia, St. Kitts and Nevis, St. Lucia, St. Vincent and the Grenadines, Palestine (the U.S., Israel and other countries do not recognize unilateral Palestinian statehood) and Tuvalu. Kazakhstan recently signed the Paris climate agreement , becoming the 180th signatory country. UN Secretary-General Ban Ki-moon met with with Erlan Idrissov, foreign minister of Kazakhstan, at UN headquarters in New York to congratulate his country for signing the agreement. The World Resource Institute’s Paris Contributions Map allows users to track the number of ratifications and emissions percentage as well as the number of parties signed on to the agreement. + Paris Agreement Tracker Via Climate Action News Images via Flickr
Tags: china, climate, environment, global-warming-, Green, kazakhstan, north-korea, paris, paris climate deal, paris deal, policy
2017 BMW 740e turns BMW’s flagship sedan into a plug-in hybrid
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With the recent introductions of the 3 Series and X5 plug-in hybrids, it was only a matter of time until BMW’s flagship sedan debuted with its own electrified powertrain. BMW has unveiled the 740e plug-in hybrid, which will be offered in three versions when it goes on sale later this year. With up to 30 miles of fully-electric driving range, the 740e plug-in hybrid may not be able to take on the Tesla Model S, but it represents a move in the right direction. When the 740e goes on sale, BMW is going to offer the large flagship sedan in three versions: BMW 740e iPerformance, long-wheelbase BMW 740Le iPerformance and BMW 740Le xDrive iPerformance. All three versions are powered by a 2.0-liter four-cylinder engine that is mated to an electric motor to generate a total 326 horsepower and 369 lb-ft. of torque. The hybrid powertrain sends its power via an 8-speed automatic to either the rear or all four wheels. Depending on which model you choose, the 740e plug-in hybrid can travel between 25-30 miles in electric mode and it will take less than four hours to recharge from a domestic power socket and in under three hours from a BMW i Wallbox. Related: The 2017 BMW i3 gets an upgraded battery for 50% more driving range Just like BMW’s other electrified models, the 740e will offer different driving modes to suit the driver and improve the 740e’s efficiency. An eDrive button will allow the driver to choose between the Auto and Max drive settings. The Auto setting is the default setting that seeks to maximize range the 704e’s electric driving range by powering up the gasoline engine at 50 mph or if the driver floors it. With the Max setting, the 740e defaults to electric-only mode and can stay in this mode up to 87 mph. In the Max setting, the engine will still power up under spirited driving. There are other modes to control power usage: Adaptive, Comfort, Sport, and EcoPro. A Battery Control function allows the driver to force the 740e’s powertrain to maintain the battery charge anywhere between 30 and 100 percent that way electric power can be reserved. BMW hasn’t released all the pricing details for the 740e, but it’s expected to start around $90k, when it arrives in U.S. showrooms in the next month or two. + BMW All images @ BMW
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Tags: bmw, bmw 740e, bmw plug-in hybrid, electric-cars, environment, green car, hybrid, kazakhstan, north-korea
North Korea bomb test wasn’t big enough to be an H-bomb, skeptics say
January 6, 2016 by
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Unless you’ve had your head in the sand, you’ve probably already heard North Korea’s announcement that it completed an underground test of a miniaturized hydrogen bomb . In a video released to the press, a female news anchor on the country’s state-run television station reports “the first H-bomb test was successfully conducted” on 6 January. The size of the explosion, however, is only slightly more than the last incident of nuclear weapons testing in 2013, leading skeptics to question what type of bomb was actually detonated. Read the rest of North Korea bomb test wasn’t big enough to be an H-bomb, skeptics say
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R. Kelly attorney on sexual abuse allegations
Savage told the officer that Mason had called him around 3:10 p.m. on May 23 and said, "I'm gonna do harm to you and your family, when I see you I'm gonna get you, I'm gonna (expletive) kill you". A video resurfaced last week of Kelly claiming that the #MuteRKelly movement is "too late" and that they should have "done this shit 30 years ago". (more...)
The Academy Awards Will Air with No Host This Year
As Variety reports , the ceremony will be kicked off by " one marquee name " who will deliver " a monologue filled with Trump zingers ". Kevin Hart says he won't be hosting the Academy Awards . The debacle continued when Ellen DeGeneres invited the Night School star to do an interview on her talk show. "You will not hear me say anything else about it", he insisted during his GMA interview. (more...)
Thomas Markle set to write a tell-all book about daughter Meghan
Now his threats appear to be getting sterner as he demands it's time for Prince Harry to "man up and get over it". On the other hand, Meghan stated that she felt snubbed by Kate . "I think Kate would very definitely be threatened by Meghan's presence and her appearance on the royal scene". "He's human just like the rest of us". (more...)
Meghan's first royal patronage revealed by mistake
Her role as patron of the National Theatre was accidentally revealed yesterday on the theatre's website. Her Royal Highness feels she can use her position to focus attention on, and make a particular difference to these organisations and, more widely, the sectors they each represent. (more...)
Trailer: Ranveer Singh and Alia Bhatt's Gully Boy
Ranveer says he feels bad when someone's film doesn't work at the box office as everyone is a part of the same industry. "At the same time, when my movie does well, I feel great". I am really happy and excited to present them to you. "Interacting with them in the prep workshops, working on the dialogues and collaborating with them for the music of the film has been an experience of a lifetime". (more...)
Nancy Pelosi Tops Donald Trump’s Oval Office Speech Debut In Ratings
CBS is in a contract battle with Nielsen so is not issuing ratings data. Fox News edged out CBS for the top spot overall. It's Day 17 of the US government shutdown , with Donald Trump refusing to budge on his demand of $5.7 billion to build his border wall , and about to make a prime-time address on the subject on Tuesday. (more...)
R. Kelly facing criminal investigations after Lifetime documentary exposes abuse allegations
R. Kelly is reportedly under investigation in the state of Georgia. The Savage family said they have been unable to reach Joycelyn Savage for some time after associating with the singer. Both Kelly and the girl denied that the video depicted them, and no assault charges were ever brought against Kelly as a result of the tape. Through interviews with family members and former members of the Kelly's inner circle, the report alleged that the singer kept at least six women in a "cult" across ... (more...)
Gaga takes award to bed
It's awards show season, which means it's time for the things I love to be completely overlooked once again. This honor comes not even two weeks after Lady Gaga also launched her "Enigma" Las Vegas residency, which is definitely a great milestone in her career. (more...)
Ranveer Singh impresses as aspiring rapper in 'Gully Boy' trailer
The trailer shows Ranveer Singh as an aspiring rap artist who is a son of a driver, lives in a low-key neighbourhood but is still struggling to make it big as a rapper. If films do well, I am more than happy for everyone. I am still waiting for him to direct me. Ranbir confirmed his relationship with Alia in May past year. (more...)
Fantastic Four Content Teased for 'Marvel's Spider-Man'
Marvel's Ryan Penagos put out a tweet yesterday, excitedly informing fans that something "fantastic" was headed to the PS4 release. "I can't tell you anything more right now. It's important to remember though that players can't actually find these other heroes just lounging around the city though, so people should temper their expectations if they're expecting to see the Fantastic Four added in some sort of free update. (more...)
Lindsay Lohan Says She's Written a Treatment for Mean Girls 2
She admitted that being the boss is "a lot of work", adding, "It's a journey, but it's great". Lindsay's new series kicked off Tuesday night, bringing viewers into the sun-kissed world of Mykonos, Greece , where the actress runs the show's titular hot spot. (more...)
Amazon CEO Jeff Bezos and His Wife, MacKenzie, Are Getting Divorced
Read the statement in full here. Bezos founded Amazon in his garage in 1994 and has remained through the company since its inception. According to the post by the billionaire businessman, the couple had already informed their close friends and family about their news and said the decision to split up wasn't taken lightly. (more...)
Duchess Kate Middleton & Prince William Head to Sunday Church Service
A sunny shot of Kate riding alongside Camilla in a horse-drawn carriage on their way to the 2017 Trooping the Colour celebrations also made the cut, along with a close-up of a smiling Kate during her recent visit to Evelina London Children's Hospital . (more...)
Trump demands funding to end border 'crisis' in US TV address
Media captionFive questions about Trump's border wall What did President Trump say? Most presidents have used Oval Office addresses for noble purposes. In a country where 80 percent of people are living paycheck to paycheck , every day could spell catastrophe. Those numbers mean a person's odds of becoming a victim of homicide in tightly packed, diverse New York City were about the same as they were a year ago in Montana. (more...)
Queen Fires Back At Critics For Poor Bohemian Rhapsody Reviews
The film charts the life of Queen lead singer, Freddie Mercury , from his teenage years to the band's renowned performance at Live Aid in 1985. Queen fans and audience members didn't agree with this assessment and watched the movie in droves anyway, earning it £583 million at the global box office. (more...)
Kevin Hart definitively states: 'No, I'm not hosting the Oscars this year'
I shouldn't have to prove who I am. Shortly before the 6:00 minute mark, it did become clear that Hart was feeling defensive: "What else do you want?" When asked if he is hosting the Oscars this year, he simply said , "No" and that it's too late to prepare. (more...)
‘Fiji Water girl’ - a Canadian model - steals Golden Globes red carpet spotlight
The Golden Globes is known for glitz and glamour , and this year was no different. The Fiji Water Girl became insta-famous after photobombing stars like Idris Elba , Judy Greer , Richard Madden and Amy Adams . News tracked down the model and even awarded her "Best Supporting Actress On A Red Carpet" to reward her for her plucky ploy at the Beverly Hilton Hotel, California. (more...)
Meet the Fiji water girl who went viral at the Golden Globes
She squeezed into the background of photos of Amy Adams , Jim Carrey and Idris Elba . Check out the full video below that was uploaded onto Youtube and see what Cuthbert looked like before she was known as the Fiji Water Girl . The brand took to Twitter to join in on the meme fun, but not before addressing everyone's excitement over her presence. So, just who is FIJI Water Girl Kelleth Cuthbert? She also has a favorite meme of the ones she's appeared in. (more...)
Do ex-presidents back Trump wall? They say no
After the networks agreed to air Trump's address, House Speaker Nancy Pelosi and Senate minority leader Chuck Schumer released a joint statement demanding the chance to respond to the president, whose speech they claimed "will be full of malice and misinformation". (more...)
Venom Sequel Moving Forward, Woody Harrelson to Return as Carnage
The studio has chosen Kelly Marcel , one of the screenwriters from the first film, to handle the script solo. Michelle Williams is also expected to return to the movie in her role as Eddie's former fiance Anne. Banks and Fifty Shades of Grey , and is now writing Cruella, a live-action prequel feature film following a young Cruella de Vil, which is set to feature Emma Stone in the lead role. (more...)
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Betye Saar: Reclaiming the Legacy of Jim Crow
March 1, 2019 by Staff Leave a Comment
J. Ottmann Lith. Co. (New York). Jim Crow Ten Pins, ca. 1890–1910. New-York Historical Society, The Liman Collection
It is fitting that the exhibition Black Citizenship in the Age of Jim Crow coincides with Betye Saar: Keepin’ It Clean, for it is the legacy of Jim Crow that the contemporary artists Betye Saar tackles. Black Citizenship begins with the struggle for equality during the tumultuous years of Reconstruction and ends with the late-19th and 20th century challenges to legalized discrimination that culminated in the civil rights movement. In between appear objects that epitomize the concerted campaign of racial violence and anti-democratic actions that defined Jim Crow.
Among these are several gross stereotypes that ridicule black figures as ludicrous and inept and, by extension, unfit for the rights and responsibilities of citizenship: Jim Crow Ten Pins (ca. 1890–1910), Jim Crow and Buy Broom tin figurines (late-19th century), and a pair of prints called “The Darktown Bicycle Club on Parade” and “The Darktown Bicycle Club—Knocked Out” from Currier & Ives’ popular “Darktown” series (1890s). This is precisely the type of derogatory imagery that Saar collects and incorporates into her assemblages.
But she transforms them.
Betye Saar (b. 1926). Extreme Times Call for Extreme Heroines, 2017. Courtesy of the artist and Roberts Projects, Los Angeles, CA
Betye Saar (b. 1926). Liberation (washboard), 2014. Courtesy of the artist and Roberts Projects, Los Angeles, CA.
The stereotypical and cartoonish Jim Crow-era mammy in Liberation (washboard) (2014) now holds a rifle. That in Busy Bee (1997) cradles a bullet. The mammy crumb brush in A Call to Arms (1997) is both literally and figuratively “armed” with bullets. And the washerwomen in Dubl-Handi (Blue) (1998) and Dubl-Handi (Red) (1998/2014) clean not clothes but firearms. By weaponizing these figurines, Saar transforms objects designed to denigrate into heroines liberating themselves from that very denigration. They stand like warriors throughout the Joyce B. Cowin Women’s History Gallery, ready to combat the forces of racism and sexism that would hold them down. As Saar explained during a conversation with me, these mammies want to overcome. Their power resides in their desire to break past the barriers imposed upon them.
Those barriers are visible throughout the exhibition in references to the terror and violence of slavery and Jim Crow. The armed mammy in A Call to Arms (1997), for example, appears with a rope around her neck. Behind her is a lynching postcard that pictures corpses hanging in a ghostly echo of her own form. In I’ll Bend, But I Will Not Break (1998), Saar imprints onto a vintage ironing board a diagram of bodies packed into the cargo hold of the 18th-century slave ship Brookes. The conflation of ship and board as vessels of forced labor is reinforced by their analogous shapes and by the way the artist chains the iron to the board in the same manner that slaves would have been shackled to the slave ship. The apron worn by the gun-toting mammy in Extreme Times Call for Extreme Heroines (2017) is likewise emblazoned with the Brookes pattern. Layered on top of the Jim Crow figure, the diagram links the subjugation of black people under slavery to their continued subjugation under oppressive post-slavery labor systems.
Betye Saar (b. 1926). A Call to Arms (detail), 1997. Courtesy of the artist and Roberts Projects, Los Angeles, CA.
This notion—the repetition of history, the persistence of the past—underlies much of Saar’s oeuvre. It is evident in the reappearance throughout the exhibition of certain photographs, certain patterns, certain shapes, and certain objects that recur and return and reemerge like motifs in a musical score. It is evident in the stopped clocks that proliferate throughout the gallery: when measured by the constancy of racial oppression across centuries, time stands still. And it is evident in Saar’s use of assemblage: the very act of recycling vintage objects in the present day speaks to their enduring relevance and challenges facile conceptions of history as a narrative of linear progress. History has not passed, Saar’s work suggests. It acts upon the present. One need think no further than Black Lives Matter and #MeToo to understand the contemporary legacy of racial and sexual discrimination, the ongoing challenges facing Saar’s mammy freedom fighters, and the continued urgency of her art.
And so the pairing of Black Citizenship and Betye Saar—one featuring 19th– and early-20th century objects and the other contemporary art—is not so much about the change across centuries as it is about the coincidence between them. It reminds us, as we like to say at the New-York Historical Society, that history matters—that the past is ever-present and the work of history never finished.
Read historian Dominique Jean-Louis’s exploration of Black Citizenship, Betye Saar, and black women’s labor. See Black Citizenship in the Age of Jim Crow on view through March 3, and Betye Saar: Keepin’ It Clean on view through May 27.
Written by Wendy N. E. Ikemoto, PhD
Associate Curator of American Art
Posted in Exhibitions, Now on View, Women's History Tagged Betye Saar, Black Citizenship in the Age of Jim Crow, Center for Women's History, Jim Crow, women artists
Women at the Center: Celebrating Our First Year at the Center for Women's History
This year we opened the Center for Women’s History at the New-York Historical Society, the first institution of its kind within the walls of a major U.S. museum. Since then, we’ve been sharing the stories of formidable women whose courage, activism, and determination in the face of resistance inspire us all. It’s been a busy year! A Robust Slate of Women’s History Exhibitions
Through exhibitions in the Joyce B. Cowin Women's History Gallery, we’ve celebrated the work of transformative...Read More
Finding Women in the Archives: "Ladies without escorts cordially invited"
No visit to Hotbed, the exhibition currently on view in New-York Historical’s Joyce B. Cowin Women’s History Gallery, is complete without a stop in the “nickelodeon,” our re-creation of an early movie theater. Inside, visitors can see excerpts from the pro- and anti-suffrage films that proliferated in the early 20th century. However, you may be surprised when a black-and-white movie gives way to a psychedelic still instructing you to “Kindly Avoid Loud Talking and Profane...Read More
Christy Girls and Woman Workers: The Depiction of Women in World War I Posters
Written by Kelly Morgan Last week we looked at a few selections of World War I propaganda posters promoting enlistment culled from the New-York Historical Society. This week, we’ll examine how the posters called on women to support the war effort and utilized female imagery both for the purpose of enlisting soldiers and for their participation in the Red Cross, mobilization efforts, and the newly incorporated Motor Corps. All posters discussed in this blog reside at...Read More
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For Red-Tailed Hawks, Skyscrapers Are Just Cliffs
December 4, 2012 by Jaya Saxena Leave a Comment
Red-tailed Hawk (Buteo jamaicensis), Havell plate no. 51, 1821, John James Audubon, Watercolor, pastel, black ink, graphite, and black chalk with touches of gouache and selective glazing on paper, laid on card, Purchased for the New-York Historical Society by public subscription from Mrs. John J. Audubon, 1863.17.51
As we’ve mentioned before, John James Audubon often depicted the dark side of nature through birds of prey. His watercolor of two Red-Tailed Hawks shows two of the birds fighting over a fresh kill, a common sight in bird territory. However, many people assume that a bird’s habitat is a secluded forest or cliffside. Not so in New York City!
One readers tells us he spotted a Red-Tailed Hawk on his apartment building, saying, “For them, tall buildings are just cliffs, and there are plenty of squirrels and small birds to prey on. I see them all over town while riding my bike.” What birds do you see in your neighborhood?
For those of you who want to see birds as Audubon saw them, Audubon’s Aviary: Part 1 opens March 8, 2013. The first of a three-part series, the exhibition will open with a fascinating look at the self-taught Audubon’s development of his innovative signature depictions and experimental media. Together, the three parts will feature all 474 stunning avian watercolors by Audubon in the collection, alongside engaging state-of-the-art media installations that will provide a deeper understanding of the connection between art and nature.
Posted in Current Events, Exhibitions, General Tagged art history, audubon, Audubon's Aviary, Birds, drawings exhibition, Interactive Museum, John James Audubon, new york city birds, ornithology, paintings exhibition, Pale Male, Red-tailed Hawk, the birds of america, Watercolor
Find Audubon's Masterpieces in Central Park!
On March 21, Audubon's Aviary:Parts Unknown will open at the New-York Historical Society, featuring over 100 of Audubon's watercolors for The Birds of America. Some of these birds will seem exotic to North Americans, but did you know that many of them can be found in the city's own backyard: Central Park?
Some birds are familiar to most people, like the Canada Goose, Mallard, and the American Tree Sparrow. But Central Park is also home to...Read More
Who inspired the Art of Al Hirschfeld?
This week’s post is by returning guest blogger, Chennie Huang. By day, she’s a communications associate here at N-YHS. By night, she’s a graduate student studying art history at CUNY, concentrating in European and Asian art. This week, she explores the artists who inspired legendary cartoonist, Al Hirschfeld. Al Hirscheld’s artistic career as a caricaturist spanned from the 1920s until the 1990s. Over these decades, he had developed a personal style that has been deemed unique...Read More
Meet Audubon’s Assistant Painter: Maria Martin Bachman
Currently on display at New-York Historical is the final installment of the three-year series featuring all of John James Audubon’s original watercolor models for The Birds of America. Because of their fragility, this is your last chance to catch these stunning works. So don’t miss out—come see Audubon’s Aviary: The Final Flight and perch with flock (through May 10). Considered America’s first great watercolorist, John James Audubon pioneered innovative artistic techniques and for the first time...Read More
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Ticfa with US signed at last
November 25, 2013 | Filed under: Economy | Posted by: bdchronicle
Questions arise over legality of signing such deal by polls-time govt; first target is to restore trade privileges
The government, after more than a decade of talks, yesterday inked the Trade and Investment Cooperation Forum Agreement (Ticfa) with the US, ushering in a new era of communication between the two countries.
Commerce Secretary Mahbub Ahmed and Acting Deputy of US Trade Representative Wendy Cutler signed the deal in Washington on behalf of Bangladesh and the US respectively.
The version of the agreement signed was the one approved by the Hasina cabinet on June 17, Akramul Qader, Bangladesh’s ambassador to the US, told The Daily Star over telephone.
“Our first target is to recover our trade privileges to the US, as Ticfa is a platform for resolving trade disputes between us,” said Commerce Minister GM Quader, adding that the issue would be raised in the first meeting of the forum.
Following the twin industrial disasters of Tazreen fire and Rana Plaza collapse, the US on June 27 suspended Bangladesh’s Generalised System of Preferences status, which provided duty-free access to 97 percent of the country’s export items.
In the second forum, to be held in Dhaka in three months’ time, Quader said the country would seek for withdrawal of duties for the remaining 3 percent of the products, which include readymade garment (RMG).
Around 95 percent of the country’s exports to the US comprise of RMG product, for which 15.30 percent duty has to be paid. In 2012, the country paid $746 million as duty to the US government for exporting a little above $5 billion worth of RMG products.
“Ticfa is just a platform for holding talks between the high level officials of the two countries’ commerce ministries. I am surprised that many people are criticising our decision to enter into such agreement with the US,” Quader added.
One such person opposing the deal is Anu Muhammad, a professor of economics at Jahangirnagar University. He said the government discounted three important issues in signing the agreement.
“The government is sealing the deal without doing any homework. Plus, the current government’s tenure has ended – it is not eligible to sign such high-profile agreement.”
The US has signed the Tifa or Ticfa or similar agreements with 92 countries and regional associations and groups, including the ones with which it has “big business turnover”. He said the government did not analyse the efficacy of Ticfa with those countries.
The signing of Ticfa also does not guarantee good relationship with the US, the economist said, while citing the case of Nigeria and Pakistan.
Muhammad’s another issue is that the US might strong-arm Bangladesh in discussions. “The US prefers bilateral agreements over multilateral ones as it can flex its muscle then.”
Talks for signing the Tifa, which was later renamed to Ticfa, officially started in 2002, although unofficially it began as far back as 1992.
Source: The Daily Star
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The Barnet Pledge
Action plan to 2023
News + Past Events
Intersex uk and other Experts by Experience win government Call for Evidence on people who are intersex or with VSC
Time: CALL FOR EVIDENCE ENDS 11:45PM
This call for evidence seeks information on the experiences and needs of people who have variations in sex characteristics and ends 11:45pm on 28 March 2019 The Government Equalities Office (GEO) has launched a call for evidence to provide everyone in the United Kingdom, especially people with variations in sex characteristics, with an opportunity to engage with Government and to tell us in detail about their experiences and what they think Government could or should be doing to improve their lives.
The working definition of the umbrella term ‘variations in sex characteristics’ is physical sex development that is different to what is generally expected of males and females. The sex characteristics of focus here are naturally occurring genetic, chromosomal, gonadal, anatomical and hormonal variations.
Variations in sex characteristics is the umbrella term we have chosen for this exercise, but we are also aware that there are other terms in use, such as intersex and differences of sex development. When responding to this call for evidence you will have the opportunity to share your views on the term we have used. Alongside the call for evidence, we have also published a technical paper that sets out our current understanding of the evidence base and the relevant policy context.
The Government Equalities Office (GEO) wants all respondents to feel confident that any information they share with us through this call for evidence will be handled sensitively and in confidence. We understand that having to provide details about your personal experiences when responding to the questions might be difficult. We take this very seriously and have included a list of resources at the end of the call for evidence for people to obtain support.
Please email all enquiries to
vsc.evidence@geo.gov.uk
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Interfaith Network http://www.interfaith.org.uk/
The Unity of Faith Foundation http://theunityoffaiths.org
Barnet Multi Faith Forum © 2019
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LEGACY OF BOB COOK, CYCLIST: THERE ARE MOUNTAINS TO MOVE
Published: March 23, 1981 The New York Times
The Mount Evans Hill Climb is an arduous 28-mile bicycle race that ends on the highest paved road in the United States – 14,264 feet above sea level. Bob Cook holds the record for the race: one hour 54 minutes 27 seconds. He won it the last six times, a feat easily comparable to the three consecutive Boston Marathons won by Bill Rodgers.
A member of the 1980 United States Olympic cycling team, Cook will not defend his Hill Climb crown July 11. He died March 11 at the age of 23, having suffered the effects of brain tumors for three months.
Ellen Cook said she never told her son that there was no hope after doctors diagnosed his problem as metastatic melanoma. ”Bob tried to hide the pain,” said John Beveridge, an alfalfa and bean sprouts grower who sponsored Cook’s racing team. ”I visited one day and asked him to do something. He was in bed and said, ‘I’ll have to think about that John.’ And then he pulled the covers over his head and said, ‘I do my best thinking under here.’ In fact, I think he pulled up the covers because he was grimacing to hide pain.”
Cook’s view of his life – he once said, ”to some people, what they live for is to be important. To me, that’s not an obsession” – is evident in his nine years of diaries, perhaps the most thorough ever compiled by an athlete.
Besides normal training workouts, which sometimes reached 500 miles a week, Cook painstakingly recorded his daily diet, four pulse readings a day (36 to 50 beats a minute), weight, hours of sleep, tips from coaches and other riders, a list of races and prizes, and specific feelings.
He kept his diary even after he first entered the hospital Dec. 26 for tests to determine the cause of the headaches, loss of balance and numbness that began during his 25-mile rides to work at Martin Marietta, where he worked as an engineer in the space shuttle recovery program.
The last known notation in his diary, on Feb. 5, read as follows: ”I try not to think too much about my condition and what it might lead to. I may get better, but I may get worse. I may die. That’s unpleasant, but I have to face the possibility. I’m glad I don’t think too much about it. Just living each day the best I can keeps me in pretty good spirits.”
Cook lived with a discipline, determination and dedication that often amazed other members of his family and friends. ”I just thought he was a little fanatical and let it go at that,” his older brother, Joe, 26, a certified public accountant, recalled, fondly. ”He just liked to be in shape.”
”It’s difficult to believe he could climb Mount Evans in less than two hours when it took me six hours,” Jan Woellhaf of Wheatridge, Colo., wrote in a March 15 condolence letter to the Cook family.
The appetites of cyclists are as legendary as their long training routines or distaste for automobiles and junk food. Cook weighed 140 pounds with almost no fat on his 6-foot-1-inch frame.
It was not uncommon, his brother said, for Cook to get up at 4 in the morning, eat breakfast, go out for a workout, return and then eat again at 7.
His cycling ability on mountainous terrain may be Cook’s legacy to the sport. Few spectators follow athletes pedaling for hours at 12,000 feet above sea level, so he was appreciated more by peers than the public.
Steve Tesich, a former amateur cyclist who wrote the screenplay for the acclaimed movie ”Breaking Away,” once made the straight uphill climb from the tiny Colorado town of Idaho Springs (7,000 feet) to the snow-capped summit of Mount Evans. ”Agony,” Tesich said last week, describing the three-hour trek that began in 90-degree heat and ended in sub-freezing tempertures.
”From 10,000 to 14,000 is like no-man’s zone,” said Alexi Grewal, a 20-year-old member of the United States national team from Aspen, Colo. ”Bob owned that territory.”
”As an amateur, Bob ranked with the top climbers in the world,” said Wayne Stetina of Schererville, Ind., a three-time Olympian. ”Bob was our best chance at Moscow because of the hilly course there,” said Michael Aisner, director of the nine-day, 600-mile Coors International Bicycle Classic. Aisner had seen Cook win several stages of the Coors race in 1978 and 1979.
Road racing is far removed, in substance and style, from cycling events that are contested at shorter distances and on prescribed courses or tracks.
”When you become as good as Bob was,” Tesich said, ”it’s that ability to do things alone, to suffer alone, to come through alone, that stands out. You get formed by it or you drop off. It’s so much easier to go on a football field with 40 guys and get a group feeling to pump you up. There’s something very fitting about the West, the mountains and being alone. It’s a quiet form of heroism, and Bob symbolized that.”
”You’ve got to be your own audience,” Becky Tesich said, recalling her husband’s passion for the sport. ”That’s where the legends begin,” Steve Tesich said. ”The first time I met Bob, he was going around Washington Park on a rotten old Schwinn and came back the next day. It took about a summer, and then I was chasing him and telling him to slow down.’
Cook was not a cycling legend in the mold of an Eddy Merckx, the Belgian professional who won the Tour de France five times before retiring in 1978 at the age of 33. Nor did Cook generate the public enthusiasm of Winter Olympic medalists Eric and Beth Heiden, the American speed-skating siblings who are also world-class cyclists.
”He was a soft-spoken, gentle person,” Tesich said. ”When you get good as a cyclist, there’s a tendency to become arrogant. He was one of the few people who didn’t. If you were sitting there before a race picking a winner, you wouldn’t pick him.”
”He was not overly intellectual or contemplative,” Aisner said. ”But on the bike, he had the killer instinct. Bob was the kind of person other riders wanted to be.”
How Cook managed to train so intensely and still compile a 3.9 grade-point average (of a possible 4.0) as an engineering major at the University of Arizona remains as much a mystery to his friends as his dominance of some cycling events. In 1978 Cook’s training mileage was 13,079, more than some cars are driven in a year. In 1979, the year he received his diploma with the blue Highest Distinction ribbon on it, his training mileage was 11,309.
Cook finished finished seventh on the road test in the 1980 United States Olympic trials and sixth in the time trials; eight cyclists qualified for the team . But last summer, when the boycott kept the United States out of the Olympics, Cook retired – ”to get on with other forms of life,” he told his friends. But as late as December, Jacques Boyer, an American who will compete in the Tour de France this year but who lost to Cook in the Mount Evans Hill Climb, was still trying to talk him into accepting a pro contract with a European sponsor.
Other aspects of Cook’s life continue to mystify friends. Like the time last summer that one of Cook’s former girlfriends said he told her, after winning the Mount Evans Hill Climb, ”I want that race to be the Bob Cook Memorial.” Did Cook know something was wrong then? Or was he just echoing a fatalistic theme that saw him survive several crashes, once while running second in the 1980 Coors race on the next-to-last day, with victory in sight?
Tesich said the first thing that flashed through his mind when he heard about Cook’s death was a short story that Cook had written for the Colorado Racing Express, a cycling newsletter, four years ago.
The title of the story was ”The Terror of the Road.” Cook’s fictional hero, a French cyclist named Eddy, frustrated by the loss of his girlfriend to a rival racer, finds himself caught up in a furious duel through the Alps with his tormentor. ”They started the descent,” Cook wrote in his climactic scene. ”They quickly reached 50 miles per hour. Eddy cranked hard, now with his eyes closed. All he could think of was to go faster, faster. The pack approached the first hairpin. There was a squeal of brakes as they made a sharp left turn. Everyone except Eddy. He went straight, over the cliff.”
Last week, sitting in the den of the home of Joe and Ellen Cook, Tesich said, ”In one of the early drafts of ‘Breaking Away’, ”I had my hero doing that too.”
Frequent visits from friends and touching correspondence have provided a pyschological cushion for Cook’s parents, who supported his cycling interests as far back as age 9, when he would pedal to his aunt’s house, a 45-mile journey. Cook’s grandfather was a judge, and his father is a lawyer with a prominent Denver firm.
The depth of feeling for Cook may have been best captured in the letter that arrived March 10 from a woman in France. It was written in French and included an autographed picture of Eddy Merckx in uniform on a bicycle. Merckx was Cook’s boyhood idol.
Cook’s parents wanted to show the letter to their son, who was in a semi-coma in the hospital. During their evening visit, Cook came out of the coma briefly. Ellen Cook showed him the picture, he smiled and touched it. Three hours later, Cook died.
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First Friday Movie-A Star is Born
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We will be watching A Star is Born, rated R. A Star is Born stars four-time Oscar nominee Bradley Cooper Oscar-nominated music superstar Lady Gaga, in her first leading role in a major motion picture. Cooper helms the drama, marking his directorial debut. In this new take on the tragic love story, he plays seasoned musician Jackson Maine, who discovers—and falls in love with—struggling artist Ally (Gaga). She has just about given up on her dream to make it big as a singer… until Jack coaxes her into the spotlight. But even as Ally’s career takes off, the personal side of their relationship is breaking down, as Jack fights an ongoing battle with his own internal demons. Click Here for the trailer. On the first Friday of the month, Bixby hosts a movie night in the Community Room! We provide free popcorn and comfy chairs and couches. Feel free to bring in drinks and snacks.
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Blue Creek Elementary School Foundation
Blue Creek Foundation
Mission and Goals
*Our Mission and Goals
*Current Projects
*Fundraising Events
*Donate
The Blue Creek Elementary School Foundation’s mission is “to promote excellence in education by providing opportunity and resources to students, faculty and staff of the district.” The Foundation was established in 2007 as a grass roots organization formed to help facilitate fundraising efforts for a new school building for grades 5-8 in our district, with the current building planned to house grades K-4. As the need for this expansion changed, this plan was tabled and completion of the project did not occur.
The Foundation regrouped and has focused its efforts on supporting other projects that benefit Blue Creek Elementary School and its students. The Foundation has contributed significant monetary support to projects the school has needed including a new gymnasium floor, new bleachers, new lunch tables, and the new safer playground structure for the students. This support has allowed the school district to spend budgeted funds in other places that directly impact our students.
To clarify the role of the Foundation it is important to distinguish its purpose compared to that of the School Board and the PTA, which are also integral supports to the school.
The purpose and roles of the School Board and its trustees include: responsible for budgeting/fiduciary responsibilities, hiring/firing agency of the District, creating/updating school policies, negotiating contracts, and participating in collective bargaining.
The purpose and roles of the PTA include: to fundraise to support the school, schedule events such as lunch buddies, Chili Cook-off, and other fun activities, support and advocate on behalf of families and students, volunteering and teacher support.
The purpose and roles of the Foundation include: to provide resources for bigger ticket items to allow the school to use its funds in other areas and also to make connections with alumni and the community at large. The Foundation offers an opportunity for community members, who may not be directly involved in the school, to continue to support the school through monetary donations.
We sincerely thank all of the school families and community members who have contributed to fundraising projects through the Foundation. As we continue to provide funding for school projects, we appreciate any continued support. All monetary contributions to the Foundation are tax-deductible. Donations can made by clinking on the donate link below or can be sent directly to the school at any time, where they will be given to a Foundation Director, who will send a receipt for tax purposes.
If you have further questions regarding the Foundation or are interested in becoming a member, please contact one of our Board Directors. We look forward to partnering with fellow community members to continue to provide financial support to our school!
Jonathan Hampton, Chair
Sara Jane Hampton, Secretary
Aimee Rust, Treasurer (School Board Representative)
Nichole Lensing (PTA Representative)
Tisha Montgomery
Brian Lee
Phil Pimley
Rebekah Roberts
Cathi Rude, Ex-Officio Member (School Superintendent)
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$52 Million Lottery Winner’s Plans to Rebuild Historic Black Community
Northeast / New York 1 year ago 1039 Views
After winning a $52 million lottery jackpot in 2010, Miguel Pilgram used his winnings to launch his own real estate company, The Pilgram Group, and invest in properties across South Florida. Now, the successful businessman is committed to reviving Sistrunk Boulevard, a notorious corridor in downtown Fort Lauderdale once known as a thriving Main Street for African Americans.
(Image: Facebook/pilgramgroup)
Known as the “historical heartbeat of Fort Lauderdale’s oldest black community,” Sistrunk Boulevard runs through the city’s black business district. It was named after James Sistrunk, a black physician who helped establish the first African American hospital in Broward County in 1938. During this time, segregation laws banned African Americans who lived west of the tracks from crossing over to the east side after dark.
After desegregation, Sistrunk Boulevard gradually declined into an area plagued by gun violence and riddled with drugs and abandoned buildings. To restore the distressed community to its original days of glory, Pilgram has purchased three buildings and plans to build a jazz lounge, blues lounge, restaurants, and a center for performing arts.
“For me, it’s [about] preserving the community as a whole,” Pilgram told an NBC local affiliate station in South Florida, adding that Sistrunk was once a hub of “success for businessmen.”
According to community activist and legal specialist Edduard Prince, foreign developers are “drooling” to invest in Sistrunk. However, far too often, areas like Sistrunk are then stripped of their cultural identity while native residents are pushed out through gentrification.
“The black residents of the community know that they’re in [a] prime location, they know that they’ve been fighting for years, and developers are drooling over the property,” Prince told the station.
Pilgram’s plan for development, however, is to preserve the area for local residents. “I was raised in a similar environment,” he told The Sun-Sentinel. “There is a need, and in my mind, an obligation, to invest there.”
Edduard Prince
Miguel Pilgram
Sistrunk BLVD
10 Rhodes Scholars of African Descent—a Record Number
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A daily blog about American History
The American Invasion of Quebec Begins
Baylor’s Massacre takes place
September 27, 2015 Uncategorizedadmin
On this day in history, September 27, 1778, Baylor’s Massacre takes place when dozens of Virginia militiamen are killed or wounded in a surprise attack as they sleep, in what is today River Vale, New Jersey.
26 year old George Baylor had served as an aide to George Washington before he was given command of the 3rd Regiment of Continental Dragoons. This unit was made up of about 120 Virginia militia and was tasked with escort duty and intelligence gathering. The unit was sometimes called “Mrs. Washington’s Guards,” because they were often called on to escort Martha Washington.
In the summer of 1778, Baylor’s unit was stationed at Paramus, New Jersey. On September 22nd, 5,000 British troops landed at Paulus Hook to engage in foraging operations to gather supplies for the army in New York and for the upcoming invasion of the South.
The American patriots were unsure what the British mission was, so they arrayed their forces in an arc across northern New Jersey to prevent the
British from marching up the Hudson. Baylor’s unit was part of this arc, and, on the evening of September 27, Baylor’s men were stationed at several farms along the Overkill Road in what is today River Vale, New Jersey. The soldiers camped out in six barns that evening, while the officers slept in the houses.
After hearing that American militia were in the area, British General Charles Cornwallis decided to go after them and began marching north. Major General Charles Grey went up another road and the two were to meet in north New Jersey. Along the way, Grey learned of the presence of Baylor’s men on Overkill Road from local Tories and decided to go after them immediately.
Grey ordered his men to remove their flints, just as he had done at the Battle of Paoli a year before, earning him the nickname, “No Flint” Grey. This would prevent the soldiers from discharging their guns, which would alert the patriots. The Regulars had to rely on their bayonets instead.
A 12 man guard was quickly surrounded and overcome, after which the Regulars proceeded to surround the barns and houses. The incident didn’t earn the name “Baylor’s Massacre,” for nothing. After being ordered to kill anyone they found, the British soldiers stormed the barns and homes, demanding the militia to give themselves up. As the startled soldiers awoke, most tried to surrender, but they were bayoneted even while surrendering. Dozens were wounded and about 15 killed. Many more were captured and a few escaped.
Colonel Baylor and his second in command, Major Alexander Clough, tried to escape the slaughter through the chimney of Cornelius Haring’s home where they were lodged. Both were caught though and stabbed. Clough perished, while Baylor survived. He died, however, a few years later as a result of complications from his wounds.
When farmer Cornelius Blauvelt went to his barn the morning after the attack, he found five Americans bayoneted to death and several others
wounded but still alive. All of the dead were buried in old tanning vats beside the river on Blauvelt’s property, the graves of whom were discovered in 1967.
Unfortunately for the patriots, there were indications that Blauvelt may have been complicit in exposing the location of the militia to the British, including the fact that Blauvelt was a known member of the New Jersey militia and none of his property was damaged or confiscated.
News of Baylor’s Massacre quickly spread around the colonies and back to England, inspiring outrage and revenge on the American side, and shame on the British side.
http://www.revolutionary-war-and-beyond.com
Jack Manning
Historian General
National Society Sons of the American Revolution
www.sar.org
“A nation without its history is like a person without their memory…”
Quote attributed to Arthur Schlesinger
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Alabama Society
www.alssar.org
Captain John Paul Jones dies
The Battle of Quinby Bridge and Shubrick’s Plantation
Maryland has its largest battle of the Revolution
The Battle of Stony Point begins
Howe brothers attempt to negotiate with George Washington
Captain John Parker is born
Admiral Howe’s fleet arrives at Staten Island
Captain John Paul Jones dies July 18, 2019
The Battle of Quinby Bridge and Shubrick’s Plantation July 17, 2019
Maryland has its largest battle of the Revolution July 16, 2019
The Battle of Stony Point begins July 15, 2019
Howe brothers attempt to negotiate with George Washington July 14, 2019
Captain John Parker is born July 13, 2019
Admiral Howe’s fleet arrives at Staten Island July 12, 2019
Alabama Society Sons of the American Revolution
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It’s Time to Tweet a Redesign
Twitter users may have noticed a change to their profiles recently as the website unveiled its new look. The popular social networking site which inhabits around 645,750,000 users has completely left its comfort zone. Now the site slightly resembles Facebook by adopting a tweet stream and focusing more on photos. Those who designed the website have added a new category for users to keep track of photos and videos along with their lists, favorites, and followers. Twitter developers have also added an option for the stream to show not only "Tweets" but "Tweets and replies" for every user, which was a luxury reserved previously for verified members only.
It’s not the first time that Twitter has tested out certain adjustments and used a large user base for feedback. With the success of newer sites such as Instagram, it’s a great business move for Twitter to spice up their website, which hasn't changed very much lately. The once number one social networking site has recently admitted to having a major decline in user growth due to its lack of user friendliness. Also the decline has forced Twitter to take a major cut in the stock department. Revamping their website design could actually help save the social network from crashing to the ground.
Centel Media™ is the top online reputation management company today and they are fully dedicated to the development of their client’s online reputation. Centel Media™ has assisted a lot of companies with their website by offering website design services. Your website is a direct representation of your company or brand and it’s important that the structure of your website is left in capable hands. A company website should be as creative as possible without losing any of its professionalism and easy accessibility.
Centel Media™ expert team of writer and graphic artists collaborate to create a website that their client can be proud of. The graphics side of the team creates logos and images that will help to draw in potential clients. The literary side of the team creates interesting articles to include in the client’s website. All of these different aspects will help to deliver traffic to the client’s site. A well designed website can be that thing that sets you a part from the competition.
Tia’Lavon Butler,
Creative Writer,
Jonathan Wong,
Editor-in-Chief,
Centel Media™
Why Subtract When You Can Ad More?
Facebook executives released plans expressing the addition of a variety of advertisements to the site. However, there aren’t any plans to actually increase the overall number of advertisements on the website. Chief Financial Officer, David Ebersman released a statement saying “If we can get ads that are better targeted, higher quality, more relevant, we can bring more value to customers and do so in a way that really contributes to the user experience. Our aspiration here is for the ads to be as engaging as the organic content you find shared by your friends.” Proper advertisement can improve online presence, website traffic, prospective clientele and etc.
Facebook, which was recently rumored to be in a major decline has actually reported an increase in profits and sales earlier this week. Advertisements are normally always a major source of revenue for companies. Centel Media™, the top online reputation management company helps their clients benefit from all that proper advertisements has to offer with their Google AdWords optimization service. This service allows employees at Centel Media to create AdWord campaigns for you or your company and ensure that your voice is not lost among the crowd. These particular ads will be especially tailored to your company or brand and best suited to gain you the broadest amount of possible clientele.
Google AdWords are keywords that people type in when searching information online. The websites that are brought up on the search results page because of these keywords are ads that Centel Media helps their clients benefit from. Our writers and skilled technical experts are trained and extremely knowledgeable on the subject of advertising which would allow them to be the perfect team to handle the exposure of your company. First and foremost Centel Media employees brainstorm with their clients to find the perfect keywords that they want to be linked to their website. Next, the Google AdWords service allows the experts to keep track of the average amount of time that you or your company appear in the search results online. Our ad service also allows Centel Media to monitor your page rank which will help them modify any aspect of the advertisement that may not be providing the client with the amount of exposure that they want or need to fulfil the potential that the Internet provides.
Posted by Roche' Johnson at 11:37 AM No comments: Links to this post
Pennsylvania Nurse Gets Assisted Suicide Case Dismissed
The assisted suicide case against a Pennsylvania nurse is dismissed, reflecting the growing leniency and tolerance of assisted suicide in a hospice situation.
People feel passionately, one way or another, about controversial subjects. Nothing anybody says will change how they feel. Whether it is a stance on abortion, polygamy, or euthanasia, the media is bound to respond in an uproar. This is why it is essential to take control of your online reputation when involved in a high-profile case. Centel Media™, the top online reputation company, offers a multitude of services which includes Negative Article Suppression, a product designed to help anyone involved in such an unfortunate, media-ridden situation.
Take the recent case of a Pennsylvania nurse who was accused of handing her 94-year-old father a bottle of morphine and helping him commit suicide. Assisted suicide is illegal in every state but Oregon, Washington, Montana, Vermont and New Mexico. The nurse, Barbara Mancini, admitted to handing him the vial but in an attempt to relieve his pain, not help him end his life.
The story behind Joseph Yourshaw’s death is rather sad. It highlights the importance of hospice care and the rights of the dying. Yourshaw was peacefully living at home under hospice care when he became unresponsive. Against the families wishes, the hospice company called 911 and he was taken to a hospital and revived. Instead of dying peacefully at home as he had wished, Yourshaw was rudely brought back into a life full of pain. His life ended in the hospital.
In the end, the judge dismissed the case against the nurse, as there was not enough evidence to prove she had meant to end his life. In a broader sense, this verdict perhaps reflecting the changing view of people on assisted suicide. It seems to becoming gradually more and more accepted as an ethical practice. Choosing to end your life in a dignified manner, in a place and time of your choosing, should be a basic human right. It is when people help others achieve these goals that things get complicated.
The family should have been mourning the loss of a loved one, not facing a legal battle. Don’t let the media denote how personal life experiences affect your online reputation. While the case of the nurse and her dying father are a rare case, they highlight the importance of taking control of online reputation. Let the pros at Centel Media keep your reputation where it deserves to be.
Renee Miller,
Paula Deen Scores Investment Deal
Paula Deen shows her continuing success by securing a $100 million dollar backing of her new company, Paula Deen Ventures. Deen shows that anyone can come back from a damaged reputation by handling things the correct way.
Remember Paula Deen, the jolly southern Mrs. Claus-look-alike? Deen, famous for her delicious but fat-ridden and extremely unhealthy meals, revealed that she had been diagnosed with type 2 diabetes three years ago. People were offended at her continuing support of unhealthy foods to the public, despite her own health issues. Deen was instantly publicly shunned and ridiculed, and subsequently lost her show on the Food Network and millions in endorsement deals. Despite these setbacks, Paula Deen has managed to show the world that she can come back from this reputation disaster. Online reputation managment companies like Centel Media™ offer a plethora of services such as Press Releases and Negative Article Suppression which could help Deen from falling back down into a negative reputation spiral.
For Paula, her reputation was damaged by the fact that she was secretly battling health scares directly related to eating unhealthy foods. This was not good news for a cook whose claim to fame includes creating a donut burger. To make it even worse, Deen was a paid spokeswoman for a drug company that sold insulin and only revealed her disease when she was able to profit from it. People saw her actions as devious and deceitful.
Recently, Paula has appeared in the news as she has garnered a $75 to $100 million dollar investment into her new company, Paula Deen Ventures. She has also has immediate plans to open a store in Buffalo, New York. Not to mention her magazine is enjoying immense success. While Deen lost millions in endorsements after her notorious screw-ups, she doesn’t seem to have let it hold her back. She has 1.21 million twitter followers, and thousands of likes on her Facebook page.
Her tactics and business skills have proven that she is much more than a successful brand. While Paula Deen has managed to keep going despite the horrendous media scrutiny she has suffered, it is important to remember that online reputation management is a continuous process. She of all people should know the fickle, frail world of reputation can change instantly. Everyone, especially those in the public eye, should take note of how Paula hasn’t let her public relation disaster get her down. She continued on with determination and hard work; she has proven that it is possible to recover from even the worst of reputations.
Coca-Cola’s Counters SodaStream with Press Release
Top online reputation management company, Centel Media™ offers their clients press release services to assist them in furthering their business. Coca Cola, the biggest beverage maker recognizes the importance ofs press releases as well as they announced one of their most innovative projects to date, via press release.
Coca Cola, the biggest beverage company in the world announced via press release that they will be entering the rapidly growing at-home market. On Wednesday, Coca Cola bought 10 percent in “Green Mountain Coffee Roasters Inc.”
The power move is a result of the competitive decisions and marketing made by their Israeli competition “SodaStream”. SodaStream has been attempting to make their at-home carbonation machines a regular household and environmentally friendly product, but Coca Cola isn’t letting this consumer-base go easy. SodaStream machines are only in about 1 percent of U.S. homes, but Coca Cola’s press release has sent their rival’s stock plummeting even lower.
Coca Cola’s press release found itself on all the major news distributing sites, channels and articles. After millions of people viewed SodaStream’s super bowl ad, creating that press release was one of the best moves Coca-Cola could’ve made. This is a great example as to why the top online reputation management company, Centel Media™ offers their clients press release services. Press releases do a great job of strengthening your company’s position in its market because they are created to inform the public about a particular product or service. Not utilizing press releases can leave your company vulnerable to the attacks of negative articles written by random individuals who have no authority to represent your business.
Coca Cola clearly recognized the fact that there is a lot of competition in the world and people who are willing to post anything negative about your business to secure their spot. Press releases as well as other articles written by professional sources are usually one of the first links that clients click on when searching a business and Centel Media™ wants to make their clients aware of that too. Press releases normally are used for two purposes which is to suppress negative material written about your business or product and to promote your product or services to potential and existing customers.
The promotion that press releases offer the public is beneficial because it helps gather potential customers and keeps the old ones in the loop. This was exactly what Coca Cola accomplished and what Centel Media™ promises to do for their clients. Centel Media™ team of professionals flood search engines with press releases customized and specifically created for your business with the intent of giving your business the best opportunity to succeed.
Drunk Teen Driver Gets No Jail Time
A drunk Texas teen driver receives no jail time despite killing four people, and the media and community responds with intense public outcry at his lack of punishment.
Recently, a tragedy has rekindled public outcry after a young drunk driver received no jail time for his actions, which resulted in the death of four people and seriously injuring two others. This Texan teen, with a blood alcohol three times the legal limit of an adult, drove his truck off the side off the road. Because of his lack of serious punishment, both the judge and the teen in this case have suffered from an intense media backlash, and could benefit from reputation management services. Centel Media™, a top online reputation management company, offers services such as Negative Article Suppression. This would help anybody negatively affected by the outcome of this case and control the amount of negative information out there on the internet.
The reason this case has caught so much attention was that the public found his defense deplorable. The word “affluenza” was used; the teen came from an affluent family and was taught that his wealth could get him out of any situation, and he would never have to deal with the consequences of his behaviors. Without knowledge of all facts in this case, it is hard to come to a logical conclusion without emotions getting in the way. Either way, the media has had a field day blowing up information to justify how they feel about the boy’s punishment.
According to multiple sources, not only did the teen appear to be have no remorse over the incident, but he got off with a relatively low punishment. He was sent to an expensive rehab facility and will spend the next ten years on probation. It is understandable that the public outcry at this meager punishment, considering he ended the lives of four people and damaged countless more. This is not counting the immeasurable sorrow of the family and friends of the poor victims who were killed.
There is a reason this case has incited so much passion and anger from people; it is not a black and white case. There is no easy or correct answer, but one thing we can count on is the fact that the media is enjoying the drama. Of all the times to consider an online management reputation company, this is one of them. The shadows of this case will follow the individuals involved for the rest of their lives .Centel Media™ can help.
Miraculous Castaway's Story; Truth or Tall-tale?
A castaway, who claims to have floated on the Pacific for thirteen months, faces public doubt as to the truth of his story.
Recently, a man named Jose Salvador Alvarenga washed ashore on an atoll, claiming to have drifted at sea for thirteen months. While the media is questioning the validity of his story, his account has not been proved false. In these types of cases it is important to remember that just questioning someone’s story will put suspicion into people’s minds, and many will assume his he is a fake. In the mind of the public, people are not innocent until proven guilty; they are guilty until proven innocent. This is where companies like Centel Media™, a top reputation management company, can help. Centel Media™ offers multiple reputation control services, all useful to someone undergoing such overwhelming public scrutiny.
Just like from the pages of Robinson Crusoe, his story seemed too romantic and far-fetched to be true, but the facts are backing up his claims. According to Alvarenga, he survived on turtles, fish and birds as he floated from Mexico to the Marshall Islands, until washing ashore on a small island, bearded and weak. He traveled a whopping 6,500 miles; more than many people do in a lifetime, and lived to tell his fantastic tale.
In an ironic twist, Alvarenga’s story has some odd similarities to a story written by Joe Kissack. His characters survived on the same foods, traveled the same path, and the name of Kissack’s production company matches the name of the teen that Alvarenga claimed died earlier in his adventure. People are also claiming that while he appeared thin, he was not emaciated nor did he appear to be sunburned as one would expect from surviving at sea for so long. While these facts may all be an eerie coincidence, they are enough to put doubt into the mind of the public.
After seeming to be in reasonable enough shape to go home, Alvarenga’s health took a turn for the worse. He ended up being rehospitalized due to dehydration and a lack of vitamins, which seem to back up his story. Hopefully, he is able to recover from his journey so he can share even more of his story. Whether his story is a tall-tale or not, it is an interesting one, and people captivated by him deserve to know the truth, while Alvarenga deserves control of his online reputation.
Centel Media™.
Control For Controversial Commercials
CVS to Stop Selling Tobacco Products
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Tags: / Science Fiction & Fantasy
From award-winning author G. Willow Wilson, The Bird King is an epic journey set during the reign of the last sultan in the Iberian peninsula at the height of the Spanish Inquisition.
G. Willow Wilson's debut novel Alif the Unseen was an NPR and Washington Post Best Book of the Year, and it established her as a vital American Muslim literary voice. Now she delivers The Bird King, a stunning new novel that tells the story of Fatima, a concubine in the royal court of Granada, the last emirate of Muslim Spain, and her dearest friend Hassan, the palace mapmaker. Hassan has a secret -- he can draw maps of places he's never seen and bend the shape of reality. When representatives of the newly formed Spanish monarchy arrive to negotiate the sultan's surrender, Fatima befriends one of the women, not realizing that she will see Hassan's gift as sorcery and a threat to Christian Spanish rule. With their freedoms at stake, what will Fatima risk to save Hassan and escape the palace walls? As Fatima and Hassan traverse Spain with the help of a clever jinn to find safety, The Bird King asks us to consider what love is and the price of freedom at a time when the West and the Muslim world were not yet separate.
track author
Willow is author of the New York Times bestselling comic book series MS MARVEL, winner of the 2015 Hugo Award for Best Graphic Story. Her first novel, ALIF THE UNSEEN, was a New York Times Notable Book of 2012, long listed for the Women's Prize for Fiction (formerly the Orange Prize) and winner of the World Fantasy Award for Best Novel.
She enjoys British films, cooking, and Massive Multiplayer Online video games, and holds a purple belt in kajukenbo. She lives in Seattle with her husband and two children.
More about G. Willow Wilson »
Goodreads reviews for The Bird King
Publisher: Grove Press
Manufacturer: Grove Press
Publication Year: March 12, 2019
US Salesrank: 151356
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After near-win at poll, Paul fights for respect
Jason Noble
11:45 PM, Aug 17, 2011
Covering Michele Bachmann
More posts by Jason Noble
Tags: Ron Paul
Candidate Tags: Ron Paul
Ron Paul fell just 152 votes short of victory in last weekend’s Iowa straw poll, but it was a long drop in terms of attention from media and political commentators.
Instead, observers in Iowa and nationally have coalesced around straw poll winner Michele Bachmann, former Massachusetts Gov. Mitt Romney and Texas Gov. Rick Perry as the front-runners in the Republican presidential field.
“I would be just really surprised if he has the kind of support that he would be a front-runner at caucus time,” said Mark Lundberg, the Republican Party chairman for Sioux County. “He’ll have a significant amount of support, but I’d be very surprised if he’s the winner of the caucuses.”
Bachmann won the straw poll with 28.6 percent of the vote, less than 1 percent ahead of Paul. There were nine names on straw poll ballots. Perry, who declared his candidacy that day, came in sixth based on write-in votes. Romney, who didn’t compete actively in the straw poll, placed seventh.
The divide between Paul’s success in the straw poll and the scant attention it’s garnered has chafed his campaign both nationally and here in Iowa.
“The story is that Ron Paul clobbered seven candidates, and was basically in a statistical dead heat for the win, and the media is trying to ignore that,” said David Fischer, vice chairman of Paul’s Iowa campaign.
Paul’s message is strongly libertarian, calling for smaller government, a scrapping of the nation’s current monetary policy and less military action abroad.
Those views undermine entrenched political and business interests and the media that have supported them, said Drew Ivers, Paul’s Iowa campaign chairman. That’s why he hasn’t gotten any respect, he said.
“He challenges the status quo,” Ivers said. “The political establishment, the banking establishment, the media establishment – all of which have a vested interest over decades of asserting that they’re in control and taking care of everything.”
Why has so much attention been focused on the trio of Bachmann, Romney and Perry? Bachmann makes the cut based on her straw poll win. The event is a party fundraiser with no formal bearing on the race, but is seen as a key measure of campaign organization.
Romney led in national polling before the straw poll. Perry is considered a major contender based on his repeated victories in a large state and his fundraising prowess.
The results of a Rasmussen Reports national telephone survey of 1,000 likely Republican primary voters taken Monday night supports the view that they’re the top three. Perry led with 29 percent support, Romney got 18 percent; Bachmann, 13 percent; Paul, 9 percent; and former Georgia businessman Herman Cain, 6 percent
Fiscal beliefs praised; other stances a turnoff
Despite the misgivings of the powerful, Ivers and others said that average Americans are catching onto Paul’s message.
The recession and financial crises of recent years have drawn attention to economic issues and brought fiscal arguments that Paul has long championed into focus, supporters said. The sputtering recovery and lingering economic uncertainty have made the point clear to people on the job and at the grocery store, they said.
Proof of the relevance of Paul’s message can be seen in the way other Republican campaigns have tapped into his views on government spending and deficits, Ivers said.
“Ron Paul’s message has been picked up by (Newt) Gingrich and by Romney and big time by Michele Bachmann,” he said. “She’s almost an echo of Ron Paul.”
Republican Party officials and experts on presidential politics agreed that Paul’s economic viewpoints have gained traction, but said other aspects of his candidacy seriously undermine his appeal to the Republican caucus and primary voters who will choose the next presidential nominee.
“He does excite and energize people who think like he does, but he takes some positions that would not be consistent with conservative Republicans,” said Stephen J. Wayne, a professor at Georgetown University and an expert on presidential politics.
“I think there is a perception that, one, Paul doesn’t speak for all the values that the Republican Party has, and, two, that he would not be electable in a general election,” Wayne said.
Paul’s libertarian views open a divide between himself and social conservatives on some issues, while his strict stance against military involvement abroad diverges from current Republican orthodoxy.
That was evident in a national debate last week, when candidate and former U.S. Sen. Rick Santorum challenged Paul for encouraging a policy of “respect” toward Iran and downplaying that country’s threat to the United States. “Iran is not Iceland, Ron,” Santorum told Paul from the debate podium.
Rob Taylor, the Republican Party chairman in Dallas County, called Paul’s foreign policy views a “deal breaker.”
“His viewpoints frankly are right on the verge of xenophobia, and that is not where the Republican Party is by any means,” Taylor said. “I saw more eyes roll Thursday night within the Republican base than I’ve seen in years based on his lack of performance at the debates.”
Paul’s campaign, however, defends the candidate’s opposition to militarism and interventionist foreign policy as an authentically Republican position, harkening back to stalwarts like President Dwight Eisenhower and presidential candidate Barry Goldwater.
“Ron Paul wants to get back to traditional foreign policy, not neoconservative foreign policy,” said national campaign chairman Jesse Benton.
Campaign says results show path to victory
Despite the brush-off from the media and the establishment, Benton remains bullish on Paul’s prospects in the Iowa caucuses, scheduled for Feb. 6.
Benton pointed toward Paul’s 2007 straw poll finish, when he came in fifth with 1,305 votes. Extrapolating from the spread between 2007 and this year at the straw poll, Benton suggested that in the caucuses his candidate could almost quadruple the nearly 12,000 votes he garnered last time – almost certainly putting him into contention for victory.
Former Arkansas Gov. Mike Huckabee won the 2008 Iowa caucuses with 40,954 votes, about a third of those cast.
“We believe we can win 40,000 votes in the Iowa caucus or more,” Benton said. “That will make us extremely competitive and make us a major contender to win it all.”
Dennis Goldford, a Drake University professor and expert on the caucuses, said mainstream recognition for Paul’s campaign is stuck in a kind of chicken-and-egg conundrum. The press will take him seriously when he shows he’s able to expand his pool of supporters, but his pool of supporters may expand only with additional media attention.
“His supporters quite devotedly and intensely say he’s the man of the hour and the response has to be, ‘OK, show us,’ ” Goldford said. “And you show us by winning Republican primaries and caucuses.”Q. How would you change tax policy?
Ron Paul on the issues
Q. How would you change tax policy?
Eliminate the IRS, abolish income and corporate taxes, and greatly restrict the collection of any other tariff. “A minimalist approach to government and taxation places an obstacle to wars abroad and waste at home.” Axing income taxes would allow individuals more freedom to invest their earnings. Eliminating corporate taxes would encourage U.S. companies to invest their earnings back home. Those changes and others would promote economic recovery guided by the unfettered market.
Q. Should direct-payment farm subsidies be phased out? Why or why not?
Yes, subsidies take wealth from one group of individuals or businesses and funnel it to another group, undermining the free market. Farm subsidies and agricultural quotas should be eliminated. A free market determines fair prices.
Q. Under what circumstances would you begin withdrawing troops from Afghanistan?
Troop withdrawals should begin immediately from both Afghanistan and Iraq. The wars are unconstitutional because they were never officially declared by Congress, and U.S. presence in the Middle East has increased hostility toward Americans. He has been a longtime opponent of aggressive wars and believes the U.S. should adopt a “foreign policy golden rule” – treat other countries as we’d like to be treated.
Q. Do you favor a federal constitutional amendment defining marriage as between one man and one woman? Or should that be a matter decided by each state?
Although he personally embraces the definition of marriage as a union between one man and one woman, he thinks the issue is best addressed by the states – not the federal government. “This issue hardly justifies an amendment to the Constitution; passage or heated debate only serves to divide us and achieves nothing. The best approach is to make marriage a private issue.”
Q. Should abortion be legal under any circumstances? If so, under what circumstances?
He believes that the procedure is immoral, but that the government does not have the power to stop all abortions. He would veto any spending bill that contains funding for facilities that perform abortions, and has proposed legislation that would limit federal jurisdiction over abortion, leaving states to legislate the issue.
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As Lead Artist
Vevo Certified
Apply For Affiliation
Chris Brown Fan
New Music : All My Life (With Jacquees)
Chris is featured on Jacquees’ debut album, 4275, on a song called All My Life.
The crazy part about this is, the song was recorded back in 2014, when Jacquees first tweeted about it. Have you guys listened to it? What do yall think?
"All my Life" otw… chrisbrownofficial real ppl do real shit http://t.co/fiYeKPxjSQ
— Jacquees (@Jacquees) July 18, 2014
New Music: Attention
Heartbreak On A Full Moon #StreamWeek
New Music: Who Dis?
Does he ever sleep?
In October 2017, Chris released his platinum certified, “Heartbreak On A Full Moon“. The album had 45 songs on it. As if that wasn’t enough, he released Sirens online as a “bonus track“. Chris later re-released the album under the name, “Cuffing Season: 12 Days of Christmas“, adding 13 more songs on December 13, 2017.
In 2018, Chris has released more than 26 songs, including the Hot 100 Top 10 2x Platinum single, “Freaky Friday“. In 2019, as Chris prepares for his upcoming era, Indigo, he recently released the lead single and video for his song, “Undecided“.
With all of that, he somehow still found the time to drop a free track for his fans this weekend. The song is titled, “Who Dis”. The song samples the Mary J. Blige song, “Indestructible“, from her 2017 album Strength Of A Woman. Check out the song below.
New Single: Undecided
Last Friday, Chris released his new single, Undecided. This song is really dope! This is geared to be the first single off of Chris’s upcoming album, tentatively titled, “Indigo”. The song samples Shanice’s “I Love Your Smile“, a song that topped the Billboard charts in 1991. Along with the song release, Chris released the video, which was directed by Chris himself. The video features Empire star, Serayah. The video has received more than 10M views over the weekend.
To accompany the new single, news broke about Chris’ new deal with RCA Records, where Chris’s music will be released under Chris Brown Entertainment, under exclusive license with RCA Records. With the new deal, Chris will now be one of the youngest artist to own his masters.
In a statement from the RCA, “This new deal structure between Brown and RCA Records, will undoubtedly enhance the release of new Chris Brown music, content, and much more throughout 2019 and beyond.”
Check out the video below, and make sure you purchase and stream the single on your favorite streaming platform.
New Music: All The Time
Chris did his own remake of Ty Dolla $ign’s All The Time, that was featured on his album, Beach House 3. The song can be found on Chris Brown’s Soundcloud, or you can just listen below.
Streaming Video2 months ago
Music Video: Wobble Up
Music Video: Jealous
Chris Brown Debuts Indigo Album Cover
Downloads4 years ago
Chris Brown & Tyga Perform Ayo On The Tonight Show
Chris Brown Is Listed On The 50 Highest-Paid Musicians List
Photo Updates1 year ago
Chris Brown Performs At BET Experience
Streaming Audio6 months ago
Streaming Video1 year ago
New Video: Love You Better
Chris Brown Performs At Philipp Plein
Chris Brown Releases Questions?….And Answers One Too!
Streaming Audio12 months ago
New Music: Overdose
New Video: To My Bed
Copyright © 2013 ChrisBrownFan.com
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Systems and Styles
Q: I have read that historically, a good martial artist would learn only one or two styles. How can someone be good if they say they learn several styles of martial art?MARTIAL ART SYSTEMS AND STYLES
A: For the most part, it is true that many martial artists only studied one or two styles towards mastery and that the standard of skill was higher. There are several reasons for this.
First, accessibility to the information was limited. You couldn’t just go through the yellow pages or go ‘window shopping’ from school to school. Second, it was not easy to join a kung fu family; you had to first prove your worth. This also took time. Third, once the learning began, it was slow. Masters were often protective about their knowledge, but they also believed, based on their understanding of human physiology, that proper martial arts development had to follow certain stages. One crucial stage was the very lengthy period of intense training of the horse stance. Until this skill was attained, no other techniques were taught. This period could take up to three years.
However, most well known top masters with open minds studied more than one style. There are many examples of such masters in history. Similarly, several famous kung fu styles were created by combining other styles together. Choi Lei Fat and Praying Mantis are only two examples.
In modern times it is possible to excel in more that one style of martial arts because of the following reasons. First, accessibility to the arts is excellent. You can choose your martial art similar to choosing what you will have for dinner at a restaurant! Second, it is easy to join most schools; they are in the business of teaching martial arts for money, not training armies. Third, our understanding of human physiology and health, from both an Eastern and Western perspective, is much greater than in ancient times. This allows us to maximize our training time to benefit in our busy lives. Avoiding injury, expediting healing and promoting continual progress are some of the ways this insight can benefit us today.
By combining the martial arts theory with traditional medicine theories, modern science, physiology and teaching methods, we can reach the same goals in a shorter time.
Q: What about fighting skills? In ancient times, the skill of the martial artist in comparison with today, was much higher.
A: The human body was the weapon and martial arts determined life and death. To train for this level of skill is possible, but not practical, for this requires a lifetime of commitment, and many great personal sacrifices. Few people could live up to this requirement.
Historically, the combat advantage was skill in a few techniques. Diversity is our advantage in fighting today. We are not limited to a set style or group of skills. In combat theory, we have the advantage of learning from history.
The martial artists of old rarely had a formal education, and most could not read or write. Our society’s health, nutrition, education standards are superior. Learning in all areas of society are accessible, creating the opportunity to become well rounded martial artists, and human beings, in all areas of life.
Q: Aerobic martial art and boxing ‘fitness’ classes are very popular right now. Can I gain the same benefits as learning a classical martial art?
A: No. These fitness classes which take boxing or martial art moves and put them to music are essentially aerobic classes with a primary focus appeal to the masses. Combined with effective marketing and promotion, these classes have grown in popularity, promising a lot of results for little effort.
Martial arts adapt very easily into the aerobic workout routine. At best, doing ‘martial’ type moves might develop a certain level of increased confidence, which may lead one to take the next step into trying a real martial arts program. In reality, the classes are an excellent way to improve aerobic fitness and cardiovascular health.
Improving basic muscle tone and weight loss are a product of any exercise done at an aerobic level. Proper martial arts training naturally includes these health benefits, but aerobics and fitness boxing do not include real martial arts benefits.
These courses do not develop martial skills or self-defense knowledge anymore than playing a video game teaches one how to program a computer. From a martial arts perspective, this is icing without cake it is not complete!
Q: What is a complete martial art?
A: A complete martial art is one that contains these five basic elements: Comprehensive Attack And Defense Technical Repertoire, Philosophy and Moral Code, Medical methods for Health and Healing, Aesthetic and Artistic Refinement, and the Practice of Qigong, or techniques for internal and external energy development.
Q: When talking about the self-defense and fighting element, what does it entail?
A: Self-Defense and Combat techniques in kung fu cover all possible fighting ranges: Long, Medium, Short and Close (Touching) and a wide variety of scenarios and combat formats.
Q: Why is Self-Defense and Combat Training Important?
A: As martial artists, it is imperative that we have a working understanding of self-defense techniques and develop the necessary skills and instinct needed to respond readily to a wide variety of scenarios. By having the understanding, confidence and skill to handle different situations, we also gain control over our own lives and greater opportunity to avoid conflict.
Q: Why are philosophy and morals important?
A: When you learn the skills of combat you need to understand how and why they are used, as well as when they are not. There is a saying in Chinese martial arts, “Before you learn the skills, you should first learn proper manners and etiquette.” Without this principle governing your behavior and understanding, your are merely a fighter with some skills but lacking inner refinement.
Q: What is the benefit of learning healing techniques?
A: These methods range from simple prevention, diet, the treatment of martial injuries and health qigong (energy work) to help your own health and training progress, to advanced studies whereby you can develop the ability to help and treat others. Kung Fu is something that we can practice our entire lives. We respect the body and take proper measures to protect it, prevent injury, and heal it properly to avoid conditions that might limit our health as we get older.
Q: What is the benefit of aesthetics and artistic refinement?
A: Artistic and expressive movements serve to develop the innate sense and appreciation of beauty and creativity that is within all of us.
Q: I thought that all Eastern martial arts have a concept of Chi or ‘Ki’, and address its development in their training.
A: Yes, this is true. However, only Chinese martial arts have complete methods for its development, specific to every stage of human life and applicable for a wide variety of uses, which includes martial arts.
Q: What is a style of martial arts?
A: A style of martial arts is a recognized school of thought and methodology in martial training and/or philosophy. A style is a method of martial arts, for example: Hung Gar, Praying Mantis Boxing, Shotokan Karate, Tae Kwon Do, Aikido, Baak Hok Kuen. A style is identifiable by any one or more of several aspects, including aesthetics, philosophy and theoretical basis, genealogy, geography, and nation of origin.
Q: What is a system of martial arts?
A: A martial arts system is a recognized school of Chinese martial arts comprised of a distinct philosophy, theoretical basis, and training methods, and which may specialize in a single, unified and comprehensive approach to martial arts development, or may be diversified, comprised of several distinct styles of kung fu. For example, Shaolin System, Wudang System, Chung Wah System. While a style is usually identified as a single approach, a system is generally broader-based, combining distinct elements from several styles. A system is the entire tree; a style is like a leaf or the fruit.
Q: What is the best style of martial arts?
A: There is no best style. All have their strengths and weaknesses, determined by time and experience. If there was one single ultimate style, it would have resulted in all other styles falling into extinction.
There are many different types of people and therefore there are many different types of martial arts. The best style is the one that suits you and motivates you to invest the time and dedicate your life to the study of martial arts!
Q: How many styles are there in Kung Fu?
A: There are in excess of three hundred and forty distinct styles of classical Chinese martial arts. This number easily exceeds the combined total of all other martial styles in the world. This aspect is but one of many intriguing complexities involved with Chinese martial arts. It may be argued that every traditional martial art in the world has a developmental connection to the martial arts of China.
Q: What is Wushu?
A: Wu war, (martial, combat) Shu ( art, technique) literally means ‘martial arts’. This is the generic Chinese term for any style of martial arts, classical or modern, of any country. However, today, this term also has a different meaning.
In China, there were many periods of turmoil and political unrest. There were times when martial arts were banned from being taught or practiced. Students and masters of kung fu were persecuted and severely punished. However, through good times and bad, kung fu has survived, adapted and continued to remain a steadfast part of Chinese culture.
Eventually, the Chinese government came to recognize that there were many merits in the study of martial arts. At one point, China, in an attempt to revive nationalistic morale, promoted its cultural activities and arts. Martial arts were given a new title, Guo Shu , the ‘Nation’s Art’. The martial arts of China were once again actively promoted with a primary focus given to their health and aesthetic aspects and practice geared toward competition and sport.
Spreading to other countries during the late 1970’s and 80’s, international performance standards were set. The contemporary martial art of China became popular around the world, known simply as ‘Wushu’.
Q: What is the difference between contemporary Wushu and traditional Wushu (Kung Fu)?
A: Contemporary Wushu refers to the aforementioned; the competitive, acrobatic martial sport. A summary is as follows:
Creation goal: for acceptance as a martial sport into Olympic competition. This goal is near.
In order to achieve this, contemporary wushu focuses on three factors: difficulty, beauty and performance aesthetics.
It is a high-energy performance-oriented approach, containing standardized empty hand, weapon and multi-person sets that are judged according to strict criteria, very similar to gymnastics.
Wushu is referred to by some as ‘modern martial ‘sport’, or ‘martial ballet’.
The drawbacks of Contemporary Wushu, being similar to any professional sport, include:
Age Limitation. Peak performance career ranges from about age 8 through 30.
Not suitable for all body types or fitness levels.
Not in line with many basic health principles or conducive to systematic development of one’s health.
Contrary to some medical theories for long term health benefits.
Not a complete martial art.
Classical or Traditional Wushu, or Kung Fu, has many aspects to it.
While competition is a part of its scope, it is not the focal point.
Traditional Kung Fu study is both broad and deep.
It is not limited by age, body type of fitness level.
Progress is systematic, step by step, and conducive to long term goals.
Follows natural human development, building a strong mind and body.
Only classical Kung Fu has internal training, medical study, as well as the other elements which make a martial art complete.
In the end, the results of Traditional Kung Fu training is much greater and more complete, holistic and long term.
Q: How do I know if the Kung Fu offered at a school is ‘authentic’?
A: In the old days the martial arts were kept very secretively and students were carefully selected. It was less common for renegade and imposter schools to exist. Now, determining a style’s authenticity is a little more challenging. There are many fake styles and numerous teachers who only know a little but profess to know a lot.
There are three basic ways to look at a style’s claims to authenticity. Any one or all of these is sufficient for a style to be deemed authentic.
Can the school or teacher demonstrate or make a legitimate claim to a traditional family lineage of a kung fu style? Chinese martial arts have a long history. The family trees of the styles are kept to show the authorized members of the respective families.
Can the style of martial art uphold its traditional concepts, theories and techniques but also explain them with modern scientific methods? While not all of kung fu theories are explainable by modern science, the underlying principles and basic body mechanics can be. A style that refuses scientific scrutiny, seems founded only on secrecy, and offers little explanation is probably bogus.An authentic style holds the traditional closely, but also follows sound scientific principles and is in accordance with basic physiology and body mechanics.
An authentic style should have the five elements that make a complete martial art, as discussed previously.
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GMAT Score for Columbia Business School
By Kevin Wandrei on December 19, 2017 , UPDATED ON December 26, 2017, in GMAT Score, MBA Admissions
Columbia Business School is a highly regarded business school, which shouldn’t be surprising. Though the average GMAT score for Columbia is high—meaning admissions are highly competitive—the advantages of the school are many. The university is not only Ivy League, but it’s also located in the world’s financial capital, New York City. There is truly no better location on Earth to study for an MBA and begin a career in business other than New York. But the advantages of the Columbia Business School don’t start and end with its location: the school’s MBA programs have many more impressive features to offer.
Columbia Business School Overview
Most business schools in the United States focus closely on MBA and MBA-related programs. Columbia offers much more, including a few very important Master of Science options. . For the student looking for a graduate level program that offers something more specific than an MBA, Columbia is among the best options. This wide breadth of options helps the school maintain a successful alumni network. In the past, the school’s MBA program was closely tied to Wall Street’s fortunes and misfortunes. But more diverse program offerings allow students to pursue alternative careers that aren’t quite as Wall Street-focused.
Columbia’s standard MBA program, though, is an attractive option in its own right. For starters, the program’s students are highly competitive. For some students, this is an attractive feature, as it keeps them on their toes. For others, though, it may create too stressful of an environment.
Another advantage of the Columbia MBA is that it allows its student to focus on one specific topic in depth. . That can be a major advantage on the job market.
Luckily, Columbia Business School is very forthcoming with data about its entering class. The school’s website provides an entire page about the incoming MBA class’ statistics, and .
For the class that entered for an MBA program in 2017, the average GMAT score for Columbia Business School was 724. The middle 80% range of GMAT scores for Columbia was 690-760. In total, the lowest score was 530, the highest 790. (Here’s how Columbia’s GMAT scores stack up to other schools.)
Columbia’s website provides a treasure trove of information about its incoming MBA class, which lets us easily calculate its acceptance rate. For the incoming class in 2017, Columbia received 6,188 applications, and it admitted 1,019. That’s an acceptance rate of 1,019/6,188 = 16%! It goes without saying that the competition to gain admission to Columbia is intense, and getting in won’t be easy.
Ranking and Prestige
, Columbia Business School is the ninth best business school in the United States. Forbes, however, calls CBS a top-10 business school, . No matter what the rankings say, there’s no doubt that Columbia is a great bet for business. It’s an Ivy League, world-class university, and it’s located in the world’s financial center in New York City. It’s hard to get any closer to Wall Street than Columbia, which is a short subway ride away!
Columbia University is recognized around the world. If you have the for Columbia, then there’s no question that this business school would be a great option for you. Even if you don’t have your post-business school hopes set on NYC, you can still enjoy spending two years studying in the Big Apple. Columbia Business School has shed its reputation as a “Wall Street”-centric program: it’s now well-known for the diversity of its programs. Many students will find their niche at Columbia in a way they cannot find anywhere else.
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About Kevin Wandrei
Kevin majored in history at Williams College (where he was President of the Cheese Club -- he can answer any of your cheese-related questions!), and later earned a Master of Public Administration from Cornell University. When he isn't helping plan a major city in his urban planning job in Boston, Kevin enjoys doing genealogical research.
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From ‘Punk Kid’ to 21st Century Tyrant: Kim Jong Un Seizes His Moment
By ConservatieFWD Staff 2018-06-08
If North Korea’s propaganda machine is to be believed, “Supreme Leader” Kim Jong Un comes from a long line of mythical heroes.
His grandfather was the greatest genius ever to have walked the Earth. His father was a prodigy in all areas, proving himself a crack pistol shot—on horseback—by age 5.
So International Olympic Committee President Thomas Bach was pleasantly surprised during a March meeting in Pyongyang when the North Korean dictator broke the ice with a self-effacing remark about his own diminutive size and portly physique.
“Even if it may not look like it, I love to play sport, and especially basketball,” Mr. Bach, a former Olympic fencer, says Mr. Kim told him.
Mr. Kim has a way of overturning expectations. When he inherited power in North Korea in December 2011, expert opinion was he’d be toppled or killed within a year. Filmed red-faced and sobbing at his father’s wake, the pudgy would-be dictator in his late 20s didn’t seem up to the Darwinian task of extending the bloody Kim dynasty to a third generation.
Six years on, he is a bona fide 21st century tyrant prepping for planned June 12 meeting with U.S. President Donald Trump —a summit Mr. Kim’s father and grandfather only dreamed about. Along the way, he acquired intercontinental ballistic missiles faster than many scientists thought possible, and threatened to use them on U.S. cities during a harrowing nuclear standoff.
At home, he is digging in for a long rule by replacing older apparatchiks with younger ones loyal to him. He has killed rival family members, staged public executions and is keeping some 100,000 people in gulags, say United Nations investigators who accused him of crimes against humanity in 2014. He’s had more defense ministers so far than served in all North Korea’s previous 50 years.
Once seen as a sadistic recluse who lacked the confidence to meet a single foreign leader during his first six years in power, Mr. Kim is now on a diplomacy blitz. Since March, he has met the president of South Korea once, China’s leader twice and proposed a summit with Mr. Trump—all while gaining a reputation as a sure-footed host who toasts guests with fine wines and softens his fearsome reputation with humor.
While the North Korea nuclear crisis is still unfolding and Mr. Kim’s future is far from certain, the man Mr. Trump is gearing up to meet has turned out to be a far-more-calculating, brutal and ambitious operator than was once believed, raising the challenges for Washington in the years ahead.
“People who have assumed for years that he was some punk kid with a real mean streak put in a position of power are now finding out that he has a lot more capabilities than that,” says Ken Gause, who follows North Korea’s leadership at CNA, an Arlington, Va., think tank.
IOC head Mr. Bach’s encounter with Mr. Kim at a sports complex in Pyongyang came just days after the dictator had traveled by armored train to Beijing to meet with Chinese leader Xi Jinping, and just before his secret Easter weekend meeting with now U.S. Secretary of State Mike Pompeo.
After a private conversation in which Mr. Kim spoke without notes or aides, the North Korean ruler led Mr. Bach into a stadium where some 100,000 North Koreans were awaiting a women’s soccer game. The huge crowd applauded Mr. Kim’s arrival for what seemed like 15 minutes before the game began, an official there said.
Mr. Kim ended the week with a concert by visiting South Korean K-Pop musicians.
With his hair slicked into an anvil-like pompadour, Mr. Kim now appears at least a decade older than he is, and so much like a propaganda poster of his late grandfather Kim Il Sung, worshiped as North Korea’s founder, that some observers suspect he had plastic surgery for that purpose.
U.S. intelligence officials concede they lacked a full picture of Mr. Kim, the obscure third son of Kim Jong Il, when he emerged as successor. Perhaps more important, Mr. Kim is evolving on the job, these officials said. They describe his string of diplomatic meetings in the run-up to the possible Trump summit as the “paragon” of strategic foreign-affairs planning.
In the meetings, Mr. Kim is tailoring his posture for effect, seeking to play the interests of China, South Korea and the U.S. against each other to his advantage, says Brookings Institution Senior Fellow Jung H. Pak, a former Central Intelligence Agency senior analyst for North Korea.
In late March, when Mr. Kim went by train to China to improve ties with its leader Xi Jinping, a linchpin for sanctions enforcement, Mr. Kim was filmed taking notes like a schoolboy as Mr. Xi lectured.
Mr. Pompeo said his meeting with Mr. Kim a few days later was “productive” and a sign that there is “a real opportunity” for a historic disarmament deal.
In South Korea, where Mr. Kim is often portrayed as a bloodthirsty delinquent, he smiled, clasped President Moon Jae-in’s hand and promised an era of peace during their live April summit. Mr. Kim even vowed to reset North Korea’s clocks to normal Korea time after turning them back 30 minutes in 2015.
After the summit, 78% of South Korean respondents said they now viewed Mr. Kim positively, according to a poll by South Korea’s MBC News, compared with approval ratings of as low as 10% in previous polls. “Once we start talking, the U.S. will see I am not the kind of person to launch nukes,” Mr. Kim told Mr. Moon, South Korea said.
Trump administration officials credit tough economic sanctions and the threat of U.S. military strikes with pressuring Mr. Kim to come to the negotiating table, raising hopes for nuclear detente and a peace treaty to end the 1950-1953 Korean War.
“He is very young, so he presumably wants to be around for a long time and maybe wants to, you know, have some kind of different future for his country,” said Susan Thornton, an East Asia expert who serves as Acting Assistant Secretary of State.
South Korean conservatives and U.S. hawks say Mr. Kim has no intention of giving up his weapons, a move he likely equates with suicide. Instead, his charm offensive is meant to reduce the chances the U.S. will attack, convince China to loosen sanctions enforcement and convince South Korea’s progressive government to provide him with food and other aid.
Long-term, he wants to drive a wedge between the U.S. and South Korea, and perhaps one day unify the Korean Peninsula on his terms, these skeptics say.
U.S. officials say they are wary. “No one in the Trump administration is starry-eyed about what’s happening here,” National Security Advisor John Bolton, a longtime North Korea hard-liner, has said.
North Korea has broken four nuclear deals since 1992, while receiving $1.3 billion in food and oil from the U.S.
Getting a read on Mr. Kim is difficult because North Korea is the arguably the world’s most secretive nation, all but cut off from global phone lines and internet, and obscured behind a kaleidoscope of propaganda.
North Korea kept the death of Mr. Kim’s father Kim Jong Il a secret for two full days without the U.S. or South Korean intelligence services figuring it out. Even the younger Mr. Kim’s birth year—believed to be 1984—is unconfirmed.
Pyongyang is a city of pastel buildings, huge Kim murals and towering Kim statues. Propaganda music and speeches echo from outdoor speakers. Tourists, businesspeople and journalists who travel there on closely monitored trips see only fragments but never the big picture.
But the capital is changing under Mr. Kim. In his recent visit, Mr. Bach saw a city that appeared more polished and vibrant than what he remembered from a previous visit two decades before. Once gray and drab, the city now features newer buildings. Passersby appeared better dressed, wearing more colors, he said. Where officials once read prepared statements to him, they now spoke extemporaneously.
“You get a glimpse,” Mr. Bach said.
In the absence of data, some researchers turn to history for insights. Like all tyrants, going back to the fourth century B.C. tyrant of Syracuse who lived under the proverbial Sword of Damocles, Mr. Kim rules with the knowledge he may be killed at any moment, many experts believe.
Others search for clues in sources like the video of Mr. Kim’s April meeting with South Korea’s president: Mr. Kim seemed winded after strutting across the DMZ-line. Was he nervous or out of shape?
South Korean envoys who visited him in February told reporters he appeared “relaxed” and “confident,” jokingly apologizing for waking up South Korea’s president with crack-of-dawn missile tests, and musing about his reputation as a global pariah.
Others are repulsed by the idea that Mr. Kim is anything more than a psychopath.
“People are going to see him and say, ‘Wow, he is acting like a normal person.’ But he is not a normal person. This is the guy who kills his own family,” said Go Myong-hyun, a North Korea researcher at the Asan Institute for Policy Studies in Seoul.
To instill fear, Mr. Kim uses brutal practices such as public executions with antiaircraft guns and imprisoning three generations of a dissenter’s family, according to Greg Scarlatoiu, who runs the Committee for Human Rights in North Korea, a Washington, D.C.-based advocacy group.
“This is a highly paranoid regime built on an us-versus-them mentality, where the Kims truly fear their own people,” said Mr. Scarlatoiu, who grew up under Romania’s brutal dictator Nicolae Ceausescu.
Mr. Kim threatened terrorist attacks to prevent Sony Pictures from releasing the 2014 film “The Interview,” in which he is killed by buffoonish reporters. Soon after, hackers broke into Sony’s servers and put embarrassing internal email and unreleased films online. U.S. officials say North Korea is responsible.
“He spent six years pushing the envelope without any punishment,” said Ms. Pak, the former CIA analyst. “Once your confidence grows and failure is not in your vocabulary, your ambitions evolve.”
Educated under an alias at posh Swiss schools, the Chicago Bulls-loving youngest son of Kim Jong Il and a Japanese-born dancer was a surprise choice to outsiders. His existence wasn’t even mentioned in state media until 2010.
Though he’d been dressed up as a general as a little boy, Mr. Kim hardly seemed to have the résumé to run a tyrannical regime. While North Koreans starved, the Kims dined on imported sushi, shark fin soup and delicacies including Uzbec caviar, according to Kenji Fujimoto, the alias of a Japanese sushi chef who worked for the Kims.
At 13, Mr. Kim started smoking Yves Saint Laurent menthol cigarettes, among the world’s most expensive at $55 a pack, Mr. Fujimoto said in a televised interview. Mr. Kim told Mr. Bach that he had visited the Olympic museum in Lausanne, Switzerland twice as a boy.
Meantime, North Korea was a mess. Founded as Soviet-backed satellite after World War II, the isolated nation was struggling to emerge from a famine that had killed around 1 million in the 1990s.
The Kims held power through the brutal enforcement of a family personality cult, even though average North Koreans who survived the famine were becoming aware that life was better elsewhere thanks to surging defections.
Mr. Kim’s overseas schooling may have afforded him some advantages. He has seen far more of the West than his father, and may speak some German and English.
Western experts believed Mr. Kim would rule as a weak figurehead under the care of a regent, his uncle-by-marriage, and powerful generals.
But more than his father, Mr. Kim has shown a willingness to kill family.
In 2013, he ordered the execution of his uncle, leaving little question who was in charge.
In 2017, Mr. Kim ordered his half-brother and critic, Kim Jong Nam, killed with VX nerve agent in a Malaysian airport, U.S. officials say. The victim carried atropine, a possible VX antidote, suggesting he lived in fear of a foretold fate.
In five years Mr. Kim executed or purged some 340 officials, according to South Korea’s intelligence service.
“At first we were all perplexed why he was chosen,” says Andrei Lankov, a North Korea expert at Kookmin University in Seoul. “But then we realized that he is an efficient, rational, Machiavellian dictator, and only an efficient, rational, Machiavellian dictator can rule North Korea, otherwise it will collapse.”
One month before Mr. Kim took office, Libyan dictator Moammar Gadhafi, who had dismantled his own nuclear program in 2003 under U.S. pressure, was killed by a NATO-backed insurgency.
To avoid a similar fate, Mr. Kim began a policy of byungjin, a two-pronged strategy of “irreversibly” completing the nuclear program to deter foreign intervention, while reviving the economy to bolster his legitimacy, observers say.
To improve food supply, Mr. Kim de-collectivized some farms and allowed black-market trading in food and other goods to flourish.
To raise living standards for loyal elites, he imported some $2 billion of luxury goods including whiskey and electronics in his first three years, according to Chinese trade data. He built attractions such as a water park, dolphin show and a ski resort.
Though the measures helped achieve 4% growth, they have also made North Korea more vulnerable to economic sanctions.
North Korea had wanted nuclear weapons for 60 years when Mr. Kim took power, but managed to detonate only two embarrassingly low-yield bombs.
A crucial sign Mr. Kim was serious about completing the task came just four months into his rule, when he ripped up a “Leap Day” disarmament deal to receive food aid he’d agreed to two weeks earlier. Instead, he declared he would launch a rocket into space—a key step toward building a ballistic missile.
It didn’t go well. The rocket broke up after 90 seconds and splashed into the ocean west of Seoul. Mr. Kim, who had invited the foreign press to view the launchpad, had failed publicly.
Instead of covering up the mishap at home, as many foreign observers expected, Mr. Kim allowed his state media to report the mishap. He admitted the failure and encouraged his scientists to keep trying.
“It showed the more modern, flexible management style that you need for innovation, the difference between a system where everyone is afraid of failure, and one where you learn from your mistakes, fix it and get better,” said John Delury, an expert on North Korea at Yonsei University in Seoul who is writing a book about the Kims.
One month later, Mr. Kim added the term “Nuclear State” to the definition of North Korea in its constitution. By the end of that year, the North Korean missile engineers were ready to attempt to launch the rocket again—and it worked.
In Sept., he detonated North Korea’s most powerful nuclear device. In Nov. 2017, North Korea launched the Hwasong-15, an intercontinental missile that flew for 53 minutes with a range of 8,000 miles—enough to hit anywhere in the U.S. Though doubts remain, Mr. Kim declared he had a achieved a “state nuclear force.”
“Our Republic has at last come to possess a powerful and reliable war deterrent, which no force and nothing can reverse,” Mr. Kim said his annual January speech, wearing a business suit instead of a Mao outfit. “The nuclear button is on my office desk all the time.”
Then he offered to deal.
WSJ Story...
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Cambridge University Press (29)
Veli Mäkinen, University of Helsinki, Djamal Belazzougui, University of Helsinki, Fabio Cunial, University of Helsinki, Alexandru I. Tomescu, University of Helsinki
Book: Genome-Scale Algorithm Design
Published online: 05 May 2015
Print publication: 07 May 2015, pp xii-xvi
14 - Genomics
from Part V - Applications
Print publication: 07 May 2015, pp 307-324
We shall now explore how the techniques from the previous chapters can be used in studying the genome of a species. We assume here that we have available the so-called finalized genome assembly of a species. Ideally, this means the complete sequences of each chromosome in a species. However, in practice, this consists of chromosome sequences containing large unknown substrings, and some unmapped contigs/scaffolds.
To fix our mindset, we assume that the species under consideration is a diploid organism (like a human). We also assume that the assembled genome is concatenated into one long sequence T with some necessary markers added to separate its contents, and with some auxiliary bookkeeping data structures helpful for mapping back to the chromosome representation.
We start with a peak detection problem in Insight 14.1 that gives a direct connection to the segmentation problem motivating our study of hidden Markov models in Chapter 7. Then we proceed into variation calling, where we mostly formulate new problems assuming read alignment as input. The results of variant calling and read alignments are then given as the input to haplotype assembly.
Insight 14.1 Peak detection and HMMs
The coverage profile of the genome is an array storing for each position the amount of reads aligned to cover that position. In ChIP-sequencing and bisulfite sequencing only some parts of the genome should be covered by reads, so that clear peak areas should be noticeable in the coverage profile. In targeted resequencing, the areas of interest are known beforehand, so automatic detection of peak areas is not that relevant (although usually the targeting is not quite that accurate). Peak detection from a signal is a classical signal processing task, so there are many existing generalpurpose peak detectors available. In order to use the machinery we developed earlier, let us consider how HMMs could be used for our peak detection task.
Part II - Fundamentals of Biological Sequence Analysis
Print publication: 07 May 2015, pp 69-70
3 - Data structures
from Part I - Preliminaries
1 - Molecular biology and high-throughput sequencing
Print publication: 07 May 2015, pp 3-9
In this chapter we give a minimalistic, combinatorial introduction to molecular biology, omitting the description of most biochemical processes and focusing on inputs and outputs, abstracted as mathematical objects. Interested readers might find it useful to complement our abstract exposition with a molecular biology textbook, to understand the chemical foundations of what we describe.
DNA, RNA, proteins
Life consists of fundamental units, called cells, that interact to form the complex, emergent behavior of a colony or of a multicellular organism. Different parts of a multicellular organism, like organs and tissues, consist of specialized cells that behave and interact in different ways. For example, muscle cells have a fundamentally different function and structure from brain cells. To understand such differences, one should look inside a cell.
A cell is essentially a metabolic network consisting of a mixture of molecules that interact by means of chemical reactions, with new “output” molecules constantly produced from “input” molecules. A set of reactions that are connected by their input and output products is called pathway. Each reaction is facilitated or hindered by a specific set of molecules, called enzymes, whose regulation affects the status of the entire network inside a cell. Enzymes are a specific class of proteins, linear chains of smaller building blocks (called amino acids) which can fold into complex three dimensional structures. Most proteins inside a human cell consist of amino acids taken from a set of 20 different types, each with peculiar structural and chemical properties.
The environment in which a cell is located provides input molecules to its metabolic network, which can be interpreted as signals to activate specific pathways. However, the cell can also regulate its own behavior using a set of instructions stored inside itself, which essentially specify how to assemble new proteins, and at what rate. In extreme simplification, this “program” is immutable, but it is executed dynamically, since the current concentration of proteins inside a cell affects which instructions are executed at the next time point. The conceptual network that specifies which proteins affect which instruction is called the regulation network.
Print publication: 07 May 2015, pp i-iv
Print publication: 07 May 2015, pp xvii-xxii
High-throughput sequencing has recently revolutionized the field of biological sequence analysis, both by stimulating the development of fundamentally new data structures and algorithms, and by changing the routine workflow of biomedical labs. Most key analytical steps now exploit index structures based on the Burrows–Wheeler transform, which have been under active development in theoretical computer science for over ten years. The ability of these structures to scale to very large datasets quickly led to their widespread adoption by the bioinformatics community, and their flexibility continues to spur new applications in genomics, transcriptomics, and metagenomics. Despite their fast and still ongoing development, the key techniques behind these indexes are by now well understood, and they are ready to be taught in graduate-level computer science courses.
This book focuses on the rigorous description of the fundamental algorithms and data structures that power modern sequence analysis workflows, ranging from the foundations of biological sequence analysis (like alignments and hidden Markov models) and classical index structures (like k-mer indexes, suffix arrays, and suffix trees), to Burrows–Wheeler indexes and to a number of advanced omics applications built on such a basis. The topics and the computational problems are chosen to cover the actual steps of large-scale sequencing projects, including read alignment, variant calling, haplotyping, fragment assembly, alignment-free genome comparison, compression of genome collections and of read sets, transcript prediction, and analysis of metagenomic samples: see Figure 1 for a schematic summary of all the main steps and data structures covered in this book. Although strongly motivated by high-throughput sequencing, many of the algorithms and data structures described in this book are general, and can be applied to a number of other fields that require the processing of massive sets of sequences. Most of the book builds on a coherent, self-contained set of algorithmic techniques and tools, which are gradually introduced, developed, and refined from the basics to more advanced variations.
12 - Genome compression
from Part IV - Genome-Scale Algorithms
A pragmatic problem arising in the analysis of biological sequences is that collections of genomes and especially read sets consisting of material from many species (see Chapter 16) occupy too much space. We shall now consider how to efficiently compress such collections. Observe that we have already considered in Section 10.7.1 how to support pattern searches on top of such compressed genome collections. Another motivation for genome compression comes from the compression distance measures in Section 11.2.5.
We shall explore the powerful Lempel–Ziv compression scheme, which is especially good for repetitive genome collections, but is also competitive as a general compressor: popular compressors use variants of this scheme.
In the Lempel–Ziv parsing problem we are given a text T = t1t2 … tn and our goal is to obtain a partitioning T = T1T2 … Tp such that, for all i ∈ [1..p], Ti is the longest prefix of which has an occurrence starting somewhere in T1 … Ti−1. Such strings Ti are called phrases of T. Let us denote by Li the starting position of one of those occurrences (an occurrence of Ti in T starting somewhere in T1 … Ti−1). In order to avoid the special case induced by the first occurrences of characters, we assume that the text is prefixed by a virtual string of length at most σ that contains all the characters that will appear in T. Then the string T can be encoded by storing the p pairs of integers (|T1|, L1), (|T2|, L2),…,(|Tp|, Lp). A naive encoding would use 2p log n bits of space. Decoding the string T can easily be done in time O(n), since, for every i, Li points to a previously decoded position of the string, so recovering Ti is done just by copying the |Ti| characters starting from that previous position.
6 - Alignments
from Part II - Fundamentals of Biological Sequence Analysis
Print publication: 07 May 2015, pp 71-112
An alignment of two sequences A and B aims to highlight how much in common the two sequences have. This concept arises naturally in settings where a sequence A changes over time into B, through some elementary edit operations, such as insertion or deletion of a character (operations called indels), or substitution/mutation of one character with/into another. An alignment of the characters which have survived over time could be defined informally as a list of pairs of indices (i, j), such that A[i] is considered to match B[j].
In a computational biology context, the sequences A and B could be short extracts from the genomes of two living species, fragments considered to have descended from an unknown ancestor sequence C. A biologically meaningful alignment of A and B should take into account the path in the evolutionary tree from A to C and from C to B. However, since in practice C and the evolutionary tree are unknown, then one could parsimoniously prefer an alignment with the minimum number of edit operations.
Taking into account some properties of biological sequences, one can assign different costs to the different edit operations. For example, in a coding region, the substitution of a base is usually less critical than an indel, which alters the synchronization between codons and the amino acid chain under translation. The former is likely to survive in an evolutionary selection, while the latter is not. Therefore, one could assign a high positive cost for indels, some low positive cost for substitutions, and cost 0 for an identity, that is, for two matched characters that are also equal. The biologically meaningful alignment could then be approximated by finding the alignment with minimum total cost. This cost of an optimal alignment is also called the edit distance.
In biological sequence analysis it has been customary to resort instead to a maximization framework, where in place of cost one assigns a score to each operation. The score of an alignment thus becomes a measure of the similarity between two sequences.
7 - Hidden Markov models (HMMs)
In the previous chapter we discussed how to analyze a sequence with respect to one or more other sequences, through various alignment techniques. In this chapter we introduce a different model, one that can abstract our biological insight about the available sequences, and can provide findings about a new sequence S. For example, given the simple assumption that in prokaryote genomes the coding regions have more C and G nucleotides than A and T nucleotides, we would like to find a segmentation of S into coding and non-coding regions. We will develop this toy problem in Example 7.1.
The model introduced by this chapter is called a hidden Markov model (HMM). Even though this is a probabilistic one, which thus copes with the often empirical nature of our biological understanding, we should stress that the focus of our presentation is mainly algorithmic. We will illustrate how simple techniques such as dynamic programming, and in particular the Bellman–Ford method from Section 4.2.2, can provide elegant solutions in this probabilistic context. The exercises given at the end of this chapter derive some other probabilistic models that connect back to the problem of aligning biological sequences from the previous chapter.
Let us start by recalling that a Markov chain is a random process generating a sequence S = s1s2…sn such that the probability of generating, or emitting, each si is fixed beforehand and depends only on the previously generated symbols s1 … si−1; we will denote this probability by ℙ(si | s1 …si−1). An important subclass of Markov chains consists in those of finite history, namely those in which the probability of generating any symbol si depends only on the last k previous symbols, for some constant k; that is, ℙ(si | s1 …si−1) = ℙ(si | si−k … si−1) (k is called the order of the Markov chain).
5 - Network flows
Many problems can be formalized as optimization problems: among all possible solutions of a problem, find one which minimizes or maximizes a certain cost. For example, in Chapter 4 we have seen algorithms that find the shortest path between two vertices of a graph, among all possible such paths. Another example is a bipartite matching problem, in which we have to match the elements of one set with the elements of another set, assuming that each allowed match has a known cost. Among all possible ways of matching the two sets of elements, one is interested in a matching with minimum total cost.
In this chapter we show that many optimization problems can be reduced (in the sense already explained in Section 2.3) to a network flow problem. This polynomially solvable problem is a powerful model, which has found a remarkable array of applications. Roughly stated, in a network flow problem one is given a transportation network, and is required to find the optimal way of sending some content through this network. Finding a shortest path is a very simple instance of a network flow problem, and, even though this is not immediately apparent, so is the bipartite matching problem.
One of the most well-known network flow problems is the maximum flow problem (whose definition we recall on page 46). In this chapter we focus instead on a more general version of it, called the minimum-cost flow problem. In Section 5.1 we give an intuition of flow, and we show that, in a DAG, a flow is just a collection of paths. This basic observation will allow us to reduce the assembly problems in Chapter 15 to minimum-cost flow problems. In Sections 5.3 and 5.4 we will discuss matching and covering problems solvable in terms of minimum-cost flow, which will in their turn find later applications in the book.
4 - Graphs
Graphs are a fundamental model for representing various relations between data. The aim of this chapter is to present some basic problems and techniques relating to graphs, mainly for finding particular paths in directed and undirected graphs. In the following chapters, we will deal with various problems in biological sequence analysis that can be reduced to one of these basic ones.
Unless stated otherwise, in this chapter we assume that the graphs have n vertices and m arcs.
Directed acyclic graphs (DAGs)
A directed graph is called acyclic if it does not contain a directed cycle; we use the shorthand DAG to denote a directed acyclic graph. DAGs are one of the most basic classes of graphs, being helpful also in many problems in bioinformatics. DAGs admit special properties that not all graphs enjoy, and some problems become simpler when restricted to DAGs.
Topological ordering
The acyclicity of the arc relation of a DAG allows us to build recursive definitions and algorithms on its vertices. In such a case, the value of a function in a vertex v of a DAG depends on the values of the function on the in-neighbors of v. In order to implement its computation, we need an ordering of the vertices of the DAG such that any vertex appears in this ordering after all its in-neighbors. Such an ordering is called a topological ordering of the DAG. See Figure 4.1 for an example.
Any DAG admits a topological ordering, but it need not be unique. Exercise 4.1 asks the reader to construct a DAG in which the number of topological orderings is exponential in the number of vertices. A consequence of the existence of a topological ordering is that every DAG has at least one source (the first node in a topological ordering) and at least one sink (the last node in a topological ordering).
10 - Read alignment
Recall the high-throughput sequencing applications from Chapter 1. For example, in whole-genome resequencing we obtain a set of reads, that is, short extracts of DNA sequences from random positions in a donor genome. Assuming that the reference genome of the species has been assembled, one can align the reads to the reference in order to obtain an approximation of the content of the donor genome. We will consider this process in Chapter 14.
We remind the reader that reads come from both strands and, in diploid organisms, from both copies of each chromosome. This means that either the read or its reverse complement should align to the reference genome, but in what follows we do not explicitly repeat this fact. Let us now focus on how to efficiently align a set of (short) reads to a large genome.
The first observation is that, if a position in the reference genome is covered by several reads, one could try to exploit multiple alignment methods from Section 6.6 to obtain an accurate alignment. This gives an enormous semi-local multiple alignment problem with the reads and the reference sequence as input, and a multiple alignment as output (where reads can have an arbitrary amount of cost-free gaps before and after). Owing to the hardness of finding an optimal multiple alignment, shown for example in Section 6.6.3, we leave this approach just as a thought experiment. However, Chapter 14 deals with an application of this idea on a smaller scale.
Let us consider an incremental approach, which consists of aligning each read independently to the reference. This approach can be justified by the fact that, if the read is long enough, then it should not align to a random position in the genome, but exactly to that unique position from where it was sequenced from the donor. This assumes that this position is at least present in the reference genome, and that it is not inside a repeat. See Insight 10.1 for a more detailed discussion on this matter.
13 - Fragment assembly
In the preceding chapters we assumed the genome sequence under study to be known. Now it is time to look at strategies for how to assemble fragments of DNA into longer contiguous blocks, and eventually into chromosomes. This chapter is partitioned into sections roughly following a plausible workflow of a de novo assembly project, namely, error correction, contig assembly, scaffolding, and gap filling. To understand the reason for splitting the problem into these realistic subproblems, we first consider the hypothetical scenario of having error-free data from a DNA fragment.
Sequencing by hybridization
Assume we have separated a single DNA strand spelling a sequence T, and managed to measure its k-mer spectrum; that is, for each k-mer W of T we have the frequency freq (W) telling us how many times it appears in T. Microarrays are a technology that provides such information. They contain a slot for each k-mer W such that fragments containing W hybridize to the several copies of the complement fragment contained in that slot. The amount of hybridization can be converted to an estimate on the frequency count freq(W) for each k-mer W. The sequencing by hybridization problem asks us to reconstruct T from this estimated k-mer spectrum.
Another way to estimate the k-mer spectrum is to use high-throughput sequencing on T; the k-mer spectrum of the reads normalized by average coverage gives such an estimate.
Now, assume that we have a perfect k-mer spectrum containing no errors. It turns out that one can find in linear time a sequence T′ having exactly that k-mer spectrum. If this problem has a unique solution, then of course T′ = T.
The algorithm works by solving the Eulerian path problem (see Section 4.2.1) on a de Bruijn graph (see Section 9.7) representing the k-mers.
Here we need the following expanded de Bruijn graph G = (V, E).
9 - Burrows–Wheeler indexes
from Part III - Genome-Scale Index Structures
Consider the largest sequenced genome to date, the approximately 25.5 · 109 basepair-long genome of the white spruce Picea glauca. The suffix array of this genome would take approximately 1630 · 109 bits of space, or approximately 204 gigabytes, if we represent it with 64-bit integers, and it would take approximately 110 gigabytes if we represent it with fixed-length bit-field arrays. The suffix tree of the same genome would occupy from three to five times more space. However, the genome itself can be represented in just 51 · 109 bits, or approximately 6.4 gigabytes, assuming an alphabet of size σ = 4: this is equivalent to n log σ bits, where n is the length of the string. The gaps between the sizes of the suffix tree, of the suffix array, and of the original string are likely to grow as more species are sequenced: for example, the unsequenced genome of the flowering plant Paris japonica is estimated to contain 150 · 109 base pairs. The size of metagenomic samples is increasing at an even faster pace, with files containing approximately 160 · 109 base pairs already in public datasets.
Burrows–Wheeler indexes are a space-efficient variant of suffix arrays and suffix trees that take n log σ(1 + o(1)) bits for a genome of length n on an alphabet of size σ (or just about 10 gigabytes for Picea glauca), and that support a number of high-throughput sequencing analyses approximately as fast as suffix arrays and suffix trees. Recall from Section 2.2 that we use the term succinct for data structures that, like Burrows–Wheeler indexes, occupy n log σ(1 + o(1)) bits. This chapter walks the reader through the key algorithmic concepts behind Burrows–Wheeler indexes, leaving applications to Part IV and Part V.
After describing the Burrows–Wheeler transform of a string and related data structures for counting and locating all the occurrences of a pattern, the focus shifts to the bidirectional Burrows–Wheeler index, a powerful data structure that allows one to enumerate all internal nodes of the suffix tree of a string in a small amount of space.
2 - Algorithm design
Among the general algorithm design techniques, dynamic programming is the one most heavily used in this book. Since great parts of Chapters 4 and 6 are devoted to introducing this topic in a unified manner, we shall not introduce this technique here. However, a taste of this technique is already provided by the solution to Exercise 2.2 of this chapter, which asks for a simple one-dimensional instance.
We will now cover some basic primitives that are later implicitly assumed to be known.
Complexity analysis
The algorithms described in this book are typically analyzed for their worst-case running time and space complexity: complexity is expressed as a function of the input parameters on the worst possible input. For example, if the input is a string of length n from an alphabet of size σ, a linear time algorithm works in O(n) time, where O(·) is the familiar big-O notation which hides constants. This means that the running time is upper bounded by cn elementary operations, where c is some constant.
We consider the alphabet size not to be a constant, that is, we use expressions of the form O(nσ) and O(n log σ), which are not linear complexity bounds. For the space requirements, we frequently use notations such as n log σ(1 + o(1)) = n log σ + o(n log σ). Here o(·) denotes a function that grows asymptotically strictly slower than its argument. For example, O(n log σ/ log log n) can be simplified to o(n log σ). Algorithms have an input and an output: by working space we mean the extra space required by an algorithm in addition to its input and output. Most of our algorithms are for processing DNA, where σ = 4, and it would seem that one could omit such a small constant in this context.
Part III - Genome-Scale Index Structures
Print publication: 07 May 2015, pp v-x
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Katarina Eismann
PARTIR/REVENIR
FOLDOUT/In Via
FOLDOUT/memory of a flight into exil
FOLDOUT/fireworks
Timewindow
NanoForm by Cheryl Akner Koler
Demo 37 grader Celsius
Stagesetting
Connections Barents
Pneumatic Airsystem
In recent years, Katarina Eismann has participated in several major art projects where the documentation, within the artistic process, has become a crucial part in the producing of works. Despite their different approaches, the projects have had in common their perspective on process as a spatial, non-linear retelling of an event, where a piece of work emerges as a result of the conversations and encounters that take place.
This work often involves Eismann entering into other people’s projects in her role as an artist, or inviting others to participate in her own work. The ambition is that the material gathered over the course of the project should function as a catalyst, a forum for discussion and questions, a piece of documentation that offers a representation of intangible and complex processes.
The upcoming exhibition Distance and Longing in November 2018 is a collaboration with Safaa Erraus, Christine Ferrer and Eva-Lotta Holm Flach. The longterm project FOLDOUT has involved collaboration between choreographer, performanceartist, cellist, mezzosopran as well as journalist and surveys the transmission of a memory, the inheritance of a war. The first part was reconstructed for Moderna Museet in Malmö in May 2015 and developed through the many stories of war that constitutes the city of today.
In Via was produced as a second part of FOLDOUT, with Moderna Museet in Malmö. An hundred participants were taking part in an ongoing expanding videoinstallation, involving teachers, youth leaders and their engaged groups of young people in Malmö. The project were surrounded by workshops, videos, apps and a folder.
Fireworks is a collaboration between Eismann, Jamie Fawcus and Annette Tarranto. An multimedia, performance, music event at Forum för levande historia.
Eismann has been working and producing, through processes of documentations, in a comprehensive extent.
Eismann is producing pieces that builds on the concept of creating a space where several artists can contribute and, with their different forms of expression, allow a piece of work to take shape. This can be seen in her work, a music/video installation in three parts, “Algol”.
Hence, she has positioned herself as an initiator, participant and observer in different art projects.
At times there may also be a more profound relationship between the role Eismann creates for herself in these projects and tasks, and her background of growing up in a large family, in a mélange of different cultures, constantly on the move between different environments.
This ambivalence, the process of quickly trying to grasp what has happened since you were last in this situation and adapting to ever-changing surroundings, is what Eismann has developed into an art form, into an instrument for mirroring often-convoluted processes.
This can be related to an early video, “Cs hus” (“The house of C”), 1997/9. Stories from a building beside the airport in Sarajevo, produced just after the end of the war in the Balkans. Has been exhibited as part of “Blick”, a mobile exhibition by Nifca and Moderna Museet in Stockholm. Stories from the house in Sarajevo also form part of the book “Planritningar” (“Blueprints”). The blueprints form a kind of written road movie, where Katarina and her cousin search for a building that has disappeared and meet other people along the way, who tell stories of other buildings.
“FOLDOUT”, a work in progress. A survey of different approaches in creating documentary material. The starting point of the project is a bundle of letters found by Katarina, that her father sent to his sisters in Budapest during the Second World War. A piece of work focusing on how family memories are passed on to the next generation. How identity is formed by inherited stories, and how they can be transcribed in a new time and place.
The project is supported by Kulturkontakt nord, Konstnärsnämnden. Sveriges bildkonstnärsfond (The Swedish Arts Grants Committee), Stockholms Läns Landsting.
Eismann is participating in several artistic research projects. Haptica and NanoForm by Cheryl Akner Koler, The Swedish Research Council, is among many research projects were Eismann participated as media navigator. Earlier participations are for examle “Don’t go home” at the Dramatiska Institutet, Stockholm by Barbro Smeds. An artistic research project on the emergence of a character on stage, in collaboration with dancers and singers. Eismann’s role involved documenting parts of the process and producing a series of short video loops with titles such as “Reconstruktion” (Reconstruction) and “Formtagningar” (“Mouldings”). Eismann also produced “Connection Barents”, DVD, 2006. Over the course of 3 weeks spent in the border area between Russia, Norway and Finland, she was commissioned to provide artistic leader Ong Keng Sen with video work during the work lab Connection Barents, as well as to document the process and produce an audiovisual piece that mirrored and interpreted the form of the lab, the summer light, the landscape, the tapestry of encounters and narratives that took place.
Copyright © 2019 Katarina Eismann
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Features » Religion » Sri Lanka
Tamil, Sinhalese students bond at religious camp
Sri Lanka promotes religious harmony at grassroots level by forging 'agents of change' among teens from different faiths
An event is held on Aug. 9 at a camp organized to build trust among 90 students from different ethnic and religious groups at St. Anthony's College in Kekirawa, Anuradhapura Diocese, with the aim of fostering religious harmony in Sri Lanka. (Photo supplied)
ucanews.com reporter, Kekirawa
Buddhist teenager Shan Chandu was feeling positive after spending several days working with students from different faiths and ethnic backgrounds at a camp organized to promote religious tolerance in Allagollewa.
Ninety students gathered at this remote village in Kekirawa Electoral District, about 46 kilometers from Anuradhapura in North Central Province, from Aug. 7-9 to learn how to get along despite their differences.
"Children got to interact and share their stories and learn more about their religious, cultural and ethnic differences," 18-year-old Chandu, a Buddhist student at St. Anthony's College in Allagollewa, told ucanews.com.
Sri Lanka is a multicultural country where children study any of three languages at school, which can create communication barriers. Muslims speak Tamil whereas most Buddhists and Christians speak Sinhala.
"But everyone at the camp was able to chat in Sinhala, which led to new friendships and new levels of understanding," said Chandu.
The camp was designed as a three-day trust-building exercise at St. Anthony's College. It also featured 25 teachers from Thailand who came as observers to see what lessons they could take home.
Chandu said he had mingled with Christians at the college but never had any close friends from Muslim communities before he attended the workshops put on by the camp, adding his social circle had since become more colorful and diverse.
"I never realized how similar our thoughts and indeed patterns of thinking were until I met my new Muslim friends," he said.
Father Damian Perera, the principal of St. Anthony's College in Allagollewa, addresses a group of young Muslims, Buddhists and Christians in front of a mosque on Aug. 8. The students shared their experiences, opinions and challenges after living together at the camp and said they had gained a deeper understanding of issues related to multi-religious harmony in the country. (Photo supplied)
Chandu described it as beneficial in helping him gain a deeper understanding of a range of issues related to multi-religious harmony in the country.
He got to witness and experience the uniqueness and rich values of Muslim, Buddhist and Christian cultures through various activities and workshops.
The Buddhist-majority nation is still wracked with religious intolerance, notably a series of anti-Muslim riots that began in February in the town of Ampara and culminated in central Kandy district in March.
The attacks in Kandy came in response to the brutal beating of a middle-aged, ethnic Sinhalese truck driver by four Muslim youths in what appears to have been a case of road rage.
At least two people died in resulting riots with at least 10 injured and 80 arrested as Buddhist mobs attacked Muslim homes, businesses and places of worship, prompting the government to declare a state of emergency.
With memories of the riots still haunting the public, the camp was seen as a small but positive step forward in trying to heal Sri Lanka's divided society.
"We want to help thousands of students know each other better so they can become agents of change in their communities," said Indika Sandamali Jayasinghe, who teaches at a government school and helped organize the camp.
"The students learn to respect the differences that characterize them as Sri Lankans. Our program helps to instill in them a more positive mindset," the 38-year-old added.
"School is the place where they start to become good or bad, destructive or peaceful, loving or hateful," she added.
Buddhists make up about 70 percent of Sri Lanka's population of 21 million. Christians account for 7 percent, Hindus 13 percent and Muslims nine percent.
Fathima Inosha, a 17-year-old Muslim, said many of the students had promised to keep in touch and take the positive messages they had learned back to their neighborhoods and villages.
Some 25 teachers from Thailand also attended for the camp. (Photo supplied)
One Buddhist student who attended the camp said she was happy to maintain the friendships fostered over the past few days.
"The problem is that, before, none of us probably trusted each other," said the young woman, who gave her name as Nirmal. "But we got a chance to learn about each others' culture. We even went to a mosque together."
"Now the students will keep communicating with each other and, hopefully, live together more harmoniously."
Nonetheless, meaningful religious harmony remains a multi-faceted challenge for transitional justice in Sri Lanka.
Tamil and Sinhala communities are still divided after decades of systematic injustice, political violence and other failures of governance.
Anuradhapura Diocese has about 12,000 Catholics out of a population of 1.3 million. At least 90 percent of the people who live there are Buddhists.
Father Damian Perera, a Catholic priest and the principal of St. Anthony's, said many people in his community have struggled to get along with Muslim villagers who live in a neighboring community.
"But this program has created an opportunity for us to build mutual trust and brotherhood regardless of race or religion," said Father Perera, who has served at the school for seven years.
"Such programs are very important for reconciliation," he said, with an eye on future generations. "Even I had never visited a mosque during my seven years here prior to running this camp."
Lin Yu Ju, a young trainee teacher who flew over from Thailand to attend the workshop, said many valuable lessons had been learned through observing the religious challenges Sri Lanka faces.
"We got to see the students discussing their experiences, opinions and challenges," said the 18-year-old.
Predominantly Buddhist Thailand has for years been battling an insurgency in its southernmost states bordering Malaysia by separatists fighting for their own Muslim enclave.
But such divisions are not quite as widespread there as they are in Sri Lanka.
During the interview with ucanews.com, Chandu was putting the finishing touches on an action plan he had drawn up so various schools could work together to create more peaceful communities.
"The ultimate goal is national reconciliation," he said. "And to make sure we never repeat the mistakes of the past."
Sri Lankan catechist serves through many difficulties
Sri Lanka wants to make Sunday schools compulsory
Maldivians flock to Colombo seeking a better life
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Statewatch article: RefNo# 33156
Eurosur: saving lives or reinforcing deadly borders? by Charles Heller and Chris Jones
Statewatch Journal; vol 23 no 3/4 February 2014
The European Commission claims Eurosur’s surveillance tools will help save lives at sea, but it is unclear whether the system can accurately detect the small boats migrants use and there is no mechanism to force Member States or Frontex to initiate search and rescue operations should a vessel in distress be located.
On 3 October 2013, a boat carrying more than 500 people, mostly from Somalia and Eritrea, sank less than 1 kilometre off the coast of Lampedusa near the “Conigli” beach, 4 kilometres from the island’s port. In the hours and days that followed, 155 people were rescued and 359 bodies were recovered, making this the most deadly known wreck of a migrants’ boat in recent years. The large number of deaths sparked public outrage and the Commission quickly presented Eurosur as a means of preventing future tragedies. In a statement following his visit to Lampedusa on 9 October, Jose Manuel Barroso, the President of the European Commission, said:
“We need also to strengthen our capacity for search and rescue, and our surveillance system to track boats, so that we can launch a rescue operation and bring people to safe grounds before they perish. I think the kind of tragedy we have witnessed here so close to the coast should never happen again. Our initiative ‘Eurosur’ is meant to do that.” [1]
Eurosur – the European Border Surveillance System – is an information collection and exchange system intended to provide precise “situational awareness” so that border guards can “detect, identify, track and intercept” irregular migrants. The system is intended to make it impossible for irregular migrants to enter EU territory undetected and, in theory, save their lives should they get in trouble whilst at sea. Proponents of Eurosur claim that while current surveillance technologies have difficulty detecting small boats used by migrants, Eurosur will be able to do so by assembling data gathered through cutting-edge remote sensing technologies – such as drones, radars, and satellites – and combining the information generated by national authorities located on both sides of the Mediterranean.
The argument that more surveillance through Eurosur could have averted the 3 October tragedy is flawed for several reasons. First, it must be remembered that it is not through choice that people wishing to migrate to Europe embark on unseaworthy vessels (amongst other precarious means) and resort to using criminal networks. They do so because no legal avenues for migration are offered to them. Faced with the surveillance and militarisation of the maritime space that has been built up over the last 20 years to police the borders of the EU, illegalised migrants are in turn forced to take ever longer and more dangerous routes to avoid being detected. [2] Surveillance is thus a key component of the conditions that have led to over 14,000 documented deaths at the EU’s maritime borders over the last 20 years. [3]
Second, Eurosur was already in partial operation, and had been for almost two years, when the 3 October tragedy occurred. In its 2012 report, Frontex, the EU border agency that acts as the main coordinator of Eurosur, explained that:
“The Eurosur Network has been in use since December 2011. Since March 2012, the Network has been used to exchange operational information. During 2012, the Network was expanded from the original six countries (Spain, France, Italy, Slovakia, Poland and Finland) to 18 (Portugal, Spain, France, Italy, Malta, Slovenia, Greece, Cyprus, Bulgaria, Romania, Hungary, Slovakia, Poland, Lithuania, Latvia, Estonia, Finland and Norway).” [4]
While countries of departure, such as Libya, may not yet be formally integrated into this network, Eurosur was up and running at the time of the Lampedusa tragedy. [5]
Third, even when Eurosur is fully operational, the level of surveillance deployed on the island of Lampedusa will remain far greater than that proposed for the Mediterranean space. Lampedusa has several coastal radars, between 10 and 20 Coast Guard and Customs Police patrol boats, and a number of maritime surveillance aircraft deployed on and around the island. These surveillance tools are partly financed and coordinated by Frontex, but they were not sufficient to avert the tragedy.
The emergence of Eurosur
Formally launched in February 2008 by the EU Commission, the Eurosur initiative has a complex genealogy. One of its possible origins can be found in 2003, in the Feasibility study on the control of the European Union’s maritime borders submitted to the EU Commission by CIVIPOL, a semi-public consulting company to the French Ministry of the Interior. The report argued that:
“There is a growing need for surveillance of all kinds of vessels in European coastal waters […] It would now be technically feasible to combine all the available data (all types of information picked up by every kind of fixed and mobile sensor) in a given area, in order to establish a centralised overview of the area.”
It was proposed that such an assemblage be operated by linking up data provided by national centres in a “European Intelligence Centre.” The ensuing maritime picture would make it possible to carry out “classic tracking and interception operations” – no mention of “rescue” is present. [6]
This initial idea of linking up sensors and national centres to produce an overall maritime picture was further developed and consolidated after 2005, following the creation of Frontex. In 2006, the agency led the BORTEC feasibility study to establish a “surveillance system covering the whole southern maritime border of the EU.” From report to feasibility study, from proposal to Regulation, the Eurosur initiative progressively took shape. The Eurosur Regulation was adopted on 22 October 2013 and
operations formally began on 2 December 2013.
Operating Eurosur
Eurosur links the national surveillance systems of EU Member States and neighbouring countries and provides additional high-tech sensors in order to increase the “situational awareness and improve the reaction capability of national authorities controlling the external borders of the EU Member States.” The stated aim is to prevent cross-border crime, reduce the number of irregular migrants entering the Schengen area undetected and reduce the deaths of migrants at sea. [7] To this effect, Member States are obliged to designate a National Coordination Centre – there will be 24 in total – which will compile information on their external borders and transmit regular situational reports, known as “National Situational Pictures,” to other Member States and to Frontex. Frontex will then use this information to construct a “European Situational Picture” and a “Common Pre-Frontier Intelligence Picture.” “Pre-Frontier” designates an area that begins at the external borders of the EU but which has no external limits.
Border surveillance capacities in third countries will be reinforced in order to help provide this picture. Additional surveillance means will be deployed such as drones and satellites, with imagery and analysis provided by other EU agencies including the Joint Research Centre (JRC), the European Union Satellite Centre (EUSC) and the European Maritime Safety Agency (EMSA). [8]
To achieve these ambitious goals, Eurosur has been awarded significant financial and technical support. [9] The Commission’s estimated costs for implementing and operating Eurosur between 2011 and 2020 amount to €340 million. An alternative estimate produced for a critical report, Borderline, in June 2012, suggests a cost over the same time period of €837.7 million. [10] With this massive financial investment and increases to both information sharing and sensing capacity, one might assume that more small boats will be detected and more lives will be saved. In reality, this outcome is far from certain.
Detecting small boats?
The argument that more surveillance – in particular through drones and satellites – will improve detection of migrants’ small boats is contradicted by several studies, including one led by Frontex itself. Zodiac style rubber boats and small wooden fishing boats, which are both used in many crossings, are notoriously difficult to detect, which is precisely why they are chosen not only for clandestine border crossings but in military operations. In 2009, Frontex led a pilot study with the EU’s Joint Research Centre (JRC) to evaluate the extent to which these boats could be detected using synthetic aperture radar (SAR) imagery - essentially a satellite image produced by beaming a radar signal from space. While SAR images could detect boats placed in a known location for the experiment, the report published in 2011 underlined the difficulties related to the “conflict between resolution and image swath.” Essentially, small boats can only be captured by high-resolution images which cover a small area, while the maritime area to be monitored - the Mediterranean - is huge. As such, the report concludes that “maritime surveillance with high resolution images would require a large number of images to cover wide maritime areas, which is very expensive and for the time being technically not feasible.” [11]
There is no indication that any of the experiments undertaken since the pilot study have resolved this fundamental dilemma which applies to all remote sensing technologies. Despite often being presented as a panacea, remote sensing technologies will thus be limited in their capacity to detect the small boats migrants use, although Frontex’s 2013 work programme indicates that the agency has been further investigating the possibilities of super high resolution imagery. [12] In the meantime, the majority of rescue operations will continue to be initiated after distress calls are made by migrants themselves. [13]
Saving lives?
Even if the surveillance means and information exchange deployed by Eurosur will consistently enable the detection of migrants’ small boats in the open sea, who is to guarantee that they will be saved? It should be noted that while “saving lives” is now publicly displayed as Eurosur’s main objective, this role was reluctantly inserted into the legislation at a late stage. The vast majority of provisions that relate to saving lives were added by the European Parliament during negotiations with the Council, against the wishes of many Member States. [14] The Commission’s initial legislative proposal, published in February 2012, made just one mention of Eurosur’s contribution to “protecting and saving lives of migrants at the external borders of the Member States of the Union,” and this only in the preamble. This indicates that saving lives is not a political priority and it remains to be seen whether the insertion of new clauses into the legislation will prove to be any more than a semantic victory.
To date, there is no obligation under the Eurosur legislation to ensure that Member States or Frontex initiate search and rescue operations should their plethora of surveillance tools locate a vessel in distress. Nor does the legislation contain provisions that address the right to claim asylum. As a justification of this absence, Oliver Seiffarth, of the Unit on Border management and Schengen governance at the Commission’s Directorate-General for Home Affairs, recently said at a Frontex conference that, “international frameworks for search and rescue already exist and it is important not to set up a ‘competing system’”. [15] However, the current framework has been repeatedly instrumentalised by states to evade their responsibility to launch rescue missions, with tragic consequences.
Dying after pre-frontier detection
Several cases demonstrate that detection, or any other form of knowledge of distress at sea, is no guarantee that migrants will be saved. In 2011, journalists, NGOs, an MEP, and the Watch the Med project documented what is now referred to as the “left-to-die boat case”. [16] A boat carrying 72 people left the Libyan coast in the early hours of 27 March 2001, sailing through waters that at the time were being monitored by over 40 naval assets charged with enforcing the arms embargo imposed during the international military intervention in Libya. In the early afternoon of the same day, the boat was identified by a French aircraft, which informed the Italian authorities. A few hours later, the passengers sent out a distress call to the Italian rescue agency, which, because the boat was still located in the Libyan Search and Rescue (SAR) zone, simply passed on the information to Malta and NATO command. The boat was flown over twice by a military helicopter of unknown nationality which assisted only by providing biscuits and water, probably hoping that the boat would be able to continue far enough to enter the Maltese and Italian SAR zone. It never did. Soon after, the boat ran out of fuel and began a deadly drift that lasted 14 days, leaving only nine survivors. No actor provided them with assistance that could have averted their tragic fate.
As this case demonstrates, there is a general reluctance to intervene on the part of all actors at sea. EU coastal states are reluctant to rescue migrants because they would be responsible for disembarking them, processing their asylum claims and potentially deporting them. Whenever possible, they use overlapping and conflicting maritime jurisdictions as well as the margin of interpretation contained in international law to evade these responsibilities. Seafarers would often rather not take migrants on board for fear of losing precious time in standoffs over their disembarkation. If they do rescue migrants and allow them on board they can be accused of “aiding and abetting illegal migration”.
While the “left-to-die” case was widely publicised and led to criticism of several states for not assisting people in distress, a recent tragedy proves that no lessons have been learned. On 11 October 2013, a boat carrying over 400 people sank after it was shot by a Libyan vessel. A distress call was sent to the Italian rescue agency, but although close to Lampedusa the boat was in the Maltese SAR zone and responsibility for the operation was passed on to Malta. Several vessels - including those of the Italian navy and coast guard - were in the vicinity but were not deployed until the boat sank, over five hours after the initial distress call. 212 people were eventually saved, but more than 200 lives were lost because of this delay. [17]
An emerging practice by the Italian rescue agency consists of demanding that commercial vessels rescue migrants located in the (undeclared) Libyan SAR zone and return them to Libya, a country which is not a signatory to the Convention on the rights of refugees and has a history of systematic human rights violations. [18] The further migrants are detected from EU territory, the greater chance EU Member States have of evading their obligation to rescue them. If Eurosur does enhance “pre-frontier” detection, it is probable that this trend will intensify rather than result in more lives being saved. The current attitude towards illegalised migrants will likely prevail - trying at all cost to prevent them from arriving on EU territory with Eurosur simply a new sophisticated tool to allow states to control their borders, despite the structural violations and deaths that this generates. [19] Eurosur’s humanitarian varnish cannot hide the fact that militarisation and surveillance are the cause of migrants’ deaths, not the solutions to prevent them.
WatchTheMed: a civil society counter-surveillance network
The EU and neighbouring states are linking up their surveillance systems under the framework of Eurosur to police the movement of people. They aim to shed light on acts of clandestine movement but leave in the shadows the violations of migrants’ rights they repeatedly commit. EU Member States and Frontex maintain a high degree of opacity as to their operations and the Eurosur regulation provides no mechanism for oversight by civil society. To exercise a critical right to look at the EU’s maritime borders, migrants’ rights organisations, activists and researchers are developing an online mapping platform called “WatchTheMed” (WTM, watchthemed.net). This tool allows these actors to monitor the activities of border controllers in this area and map with precision the violations of migrants’ rights at sea in an attempt to determine which authorities have responsibility for them. By interviewing survivors as well as using some of the same technologies as Eurosur - vessel tracking technologies, satellite imagery, georeferenced positions from satellite phones - and spatialising the data that emerges from these sources, WTM is able to ask some of the following questions:
In which SAR zone was a vessel in distress and which state was responsible for its rescue?
Which vessels were in the vicinity?
If the vessel was rescued, were passengers taken to a territory in which they could apply for international protection or were they pushed back?
WTM operates as an online and participative maritime control room, albeit with opposite aims to those of border controllers: it seeks to enable critical actors to pressure authorities to respect migrants’ rights and denounce their (in)action when they violate them.
[1] Statement by President Barroso following his visit to Lampedusa, European Commission - SPEECH/13/792 09/10/2013. link
[2] This effect is explicitly recognised in the CIVIPOL report referred to below, which notes that while the majority of clandestine migrations by sea use “focal routes” in which “geography dictates the locations - straits or narrow passages where Schengen countries lie close to countries of transit or migration,” they observe that “when a standard destination is shut off by surveillance and interception measures, attempts to enter tend to shift to another, generally more difficult, destination on a broader and therefore riskier stretch of water”. CIVIPOL, Feasibility study on the control of the European Union’s maritime borders, p.9. transmitted 4 July 2003 to the European Commission (JHA), document 11490/1/03 (2003), link
The splintering of routes towards more dangerous trajectories is also widely observed in academic literature - see for example Hein De Haas, “The Myth of Invasion: The inconvenient realities of migration from Africa to the European Union,” Third World Quarterly, vol. 29, no. 17: 1305–22, 2008
[3] See link and link
[4] Frontex General Report 2012, p. 20, link
[5] As a measure of this, Frontex provides the following: “The fact that the number of nodes in the Network tripled, and the number of irregular-migration and related border-crime events and documents exchanged doubled between the first and second half of 2012, can be seen as two good measures of the success of the Eurosur Network.” Frontex, ibid.
[6] CIVIPOL report, p. 65-67
[7] Frontex General Report 2012, p.20
[8] link
[9] Member States will be able to upgrade their national border surveillance capacities with support from the EU’s External Borders Fund (EBF, worth a total €1,820 million between 2007 and 2013) and Internal Security Fund (€4,648 million over the same period), while funds from the EBF and the 7th EU Framework Programme for research and development (FP7) are available to conduct studies. FP7 funds have been instrumental in the conduct of research and development projects to improve surveillance tools, with over €68 million awarded to projects related to Eurosur from 2007-2013. From 2014-2020, the EU’s Horizon 2020 will provide €3.4 billion for security research projects, for which one theme is “border security and external security”. Measures in third countries will be supported by the Thematic Programme for Asylum and Migration, which is part of the Development Cooperation Instrument.
[10] Ben Hayes, Matthias Vermeulen, ‘Borderline: The EU’s New Border Surveillance Initiatives’, Heinrich Böll Foundation, June 2012, link, p.49
[11] JRC-Frontex, Spaceborne SAR Small Boat Detection Campaign – Italy & Spain, 2011: link
[12] Frontex, Programme of Work 2013, p.109-110, link
[13] In an article titled “To the Rescue…” on Frontex’s website dedicated to operations in Lampedusa, it notes that: “Despite the name, most search-and-rescue (SAR) cases in Lampedusa do not start with search. Around 90% of cases are initiated by distress calls, either via the international distress frequency, (‘May Day’ Channel 16) or to a pre-arranged civilian on the mainland to raise the alarm; often a priest or member of a migrant-friendly organisation who then contacts the coast guard”: link
[14] link
Negotiations between the Council and the European Parliament - which took place behind closed doors in secret “trilogues” - were completed in June 2013 when the two institutions finally agreed on a text. MEPs insisted on inserting a number of other provisions dealing with saving lives. A new paragraph in the preamble states that “the practice of travelling in small and unseaworthy vessels has dramatically increased the number of migrants drowning at the southern maritime external borders,” and that: “Eurosur should considerably improve the operational and technical ability of the Agency and MS to detect these small vessels and to improve the reaction capability of the Member States thereby contributing to reduce the loss of lives of migrants.” Further provisions were added in Article 1 (subject matter), Article 2 (scope), Article 3 (definitions) and Article 9 (National Situational Picture), which obliges the creation of a “sub-layer” within that picture on “unauthorised border-crossings including information, available to the national coordination centre, on incidents relating to a risk for the lives of migrants.”
[15] European Day for Border Guards, 23 May 2013, Poland. Panel Discussion III, Eurosur and the Future of Border Management. link
[16] See: link
[19] It should be noted that in an important report on the external borders of the EU, the United Nations Special Rapporteur on Migrants Rights came to similar conclusions: “The Special Rapporteur acknowledges that the draft legislation to create EUROSUR requires Member States and Frontex to “give priority” to the special needs of persons in distress at sea, as well as children, asylum seekers, victims of trafficking, and those in need of medical attention, and the Commission has repeatedly stressed EUROSUR’s future role in “protecting and saving lives of migrants”. Yet the Special Rapporteur regrets that the proposal does not, however, lay down any procedures, guidelines, or systems for ensuring that rescue at sea is implemented effectively as a paramount objective. Moreover, the proposed Regulation fails to define how exactly this will be done, nor are there any procedures laid down for what should be done with those “rescued”. In this context, the Special Rapporteur fears that EUROSUR is destined to become just another tool that will be at the disposal of member States in order to secure borders and prevent arrivals, rather than a genuine life-saving tool.” François Crépeau, Special Rapporteur on Migrants Rights “Regional study: management of the external borders of the European Union and its impact on the human rights of migrants”, 24 April 2013, p. 11.
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Henderson Lorikeet Vini stepheni
Current view: Reference and further resources
Churchyard, T.; Proud, T.; Brooke, M.de.L.; O'Keefe, S.; Warren, P.; Rodden, M. 2013. Henderson Island Trip Report 2013. Royal Society for the Protection of Birds, Sandy, UK.
Collar, N. J.; Butchart, S. H. M. 2013. Conservation breeding and avian diversity: chances and challenges. International Zoo Yearbook 48(1): 7-28.
Graves, G. R. 1992. The endemic land birds of Henderson Island, southeastern Polynesia: notes on natural history and conservation. Wilson Bulletin 104: 32-43.
Trevelyan, R. 1995. The feeding ecology of Stephen's Lory and nectar availability in its food plants. Biological Journal of the Linnean Society 56: 185-197.
Waldren, S.; Florence, J.; Chepstow-Lusty, A. J. 1995. Rare and endemic vascular plants of the Pitcairn Islands, south-central Pacific Ocean: a conservation appraisal. Biological Conservation 74: 83-98.
Explore HBW Alive for further information on this species
Search for photos, videos and sounds of this species in the Internet Bird Collection.
BirdLife International (2019) Species factsheet: Vini stepheni. Downloaded from http://www.birdlife.org on 19/07/2019. Recommended citation for factsheets for more than one species: BirdLife International (2019) IUCN Red List for birds. Downloaded from http://www.birdlife.org on 19/07/2019.
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Graduated in 1985 at Auckland University Medical School, New Zealand and was admitted as a Fellow of the Royal Australasian College of Physicians, specialising in Infectious Diseases and Sexual Health. He subsequently trained in Gastroenterology in New South Wales, Australia and the final registrar training post was at The Royal Prince Alfred Hospital where there was an emphasis on Hepatology (diseases of the liver) and Liver transplant.
In 1999 he joined Bondi Junction Endoscopy Centre and was appointed visiting Medical Officer to the Hepatitis C Demonstration Project at The Royal Prince Alfred Hospital until August, 2000.
Richard is a full time specialist at Bondi Junction Endoscopy Centre and has admitting rights to St.Lukes Private Hospital.
His interests are general Gastroenterology, Endoscopic Procedures, Hepatitis B and C and HIV infection.
He is accredited by the Conjoint Committee for the Recognition of Gastrointestinal Endoscopy Training and is a member of the following societies: Gastroenterological Society of Australia, Australasian Society of Infectious Diseases, Australian College of Sexual Health Physicians and the Australian Chinese Medical Association.
Dr Shew has published several Medical Papers on; HIV Infection in Women, Malaria in Auckland and Sexual Abuse.
Outside of his professional life Richard is a keen collector of rare and exotic Succulent and Cacti plants. He is a member of the Succulent Society of New South Wales and is a regular exhibitor. You might even see some of his collection in the practice waiting rooms.
He also speaks Cantonese.
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SUBSCRIBE TO ELEVEN SPORTS PORTUGAL
ELEVEN SPORTS will enter the Portuguese market ahead of the 2018/19 football season with the rights to the UEFA Champions League and LaLiga. Portuguese fans will be able to watch every minute of 5-time Ballon d’Or winner, Cristiano Ronaldo, as well as several Portuguese stars across two of the biggest club competitions in world football..
In several markets across Europe, Asia and North America, ELEVEN SPORTS has become the go-to destination for fans thanks to a strategy of delivering content relevant to the fans in each market from top local commentators and pundits in innovative and fan-friendly ways . The strategy of delivering what the fans want, how they want it, will be replicated in Portugal.
FROM PORTUGAL
July 3, 2019 in News, Portugal
Global sports provider, Eleven Sports, and Portuguese TV operator, TVI, have announced the extension of a free-to-air (FTA) carriage agreement for the UEFA Champions League in Portugal for the 2019/20…
May 14, 2019 in Belgium, News, Poland, Portugal, Taiwan
Spanish cup final to be shown exclusively live on Eleven Sports in Belgium, Luxembourg, Portugal, Poland and Taiwan Global sports provider, Eleven Sports, has secured exclusive live rights to…
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7.0 magnitude earthquake rocks Alaska in US
A 7.0 magnitude earthquake has rocked Alaska, the northwestern tip of North America, officials in the United States have said.
The US Geological Survey (USGS) on Friday said the earthquake was centered about 12km north of Alaska’s largest city, Anchorage.
An Associated Press reporter working in downtown Anchorage saw cracks in a two-story building after the quake. It was unclear whether there were injuries.
People went back inside buildings after the earthquake but a smaller aftershock a short time later sent them running back into the streets again.
Photographs posted to social media sites showed damage that included collapsed ceiling tiles at an Anchorage high school and buckled roadway pavement in places.
Pictures of destruction caused by 7.0 earthquake in Anchorage, Alaska emerging on social media. Damage includes road collapses, cracked buildings, store shelves toppled over. Series of smaller quakes also rocking region in last hour. (Photo courtesy Josh Bierma.) pic.twitter.com/i9ervd3tFh
— CBC News Alerts (@CBCAlerts) 30 November 2018
Shortly after the quake, a tsunami warning was issued for the southern Alaska coastal areas of Cook’s Inlet and part of the Kenai peninsula.
But the warning was withdrawn by the US officials minutes later, The Associated Press said.
Earthquake-prone
Alaska averages 40,000 earthquakes every year, with more large quakes than the other 49 states combined.
Southern Alaska has a high risk of earthquakes due to tectonic plates sliding past each other under the region.
According to the USGS, the Pacific plate is sliding northwestward and plunges beneath the North American plate in southern Alaska, the Alaska Peninsula and the Aleutian Islands.
On March 27, 1964, Alaska was hit by a magnitude 9.2 earthquake, the strongest recorded in US history, centered about 120km east of Anchorage.
The quake, which lasted over four minutes, and the tsunami it triggered, claimed about 130 lives.
A 7.0 magnitude earthquake has rocked Alaska, the northwestern tip of North America, officials in the United States have said. The US Geological Survey (USGS) on Friday said the earthquake was centered about 12km north of Alaska’s largest city, Anchorage. An Associated Press reporter working in downtown Anchorage saw cracks in a two-story building after the quake.
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North Waikato
Ngaruawahia
Tūrangawaewae Marae - Roadside Stories
River Rd, Ngaruawahia
Manatū Taonga's YouTube channel
A Manatū Taonga audio guide to Tūrangawaewae Marae at Ngāruawāhia. Check out the Ministry for Culture and Heritage's audio guide in the image carousel above.
Tūrangawaewae marae at Ngāruawāhia is the seat of the Māori King movement, which developed in the 1850s to unify Māori and protect their land. Tūrangawaewae -- literally 'a place to stand' -- was built in the 1920s under the direction of Te Puea Hērangi, granddaughter of the second Māori king.
The Māori King movement,
http://www.nzhistory.net.nz/politics/the-maori-king-movement
Waikato tribes,
http://www.teara.govt.nz/en/waikato-tribes
Waikato places: Ngāruawāhia,
http://www.teara.govt.nz/en/waikato-places/5
Te Kirihaehae Te Puea Hērangi,
http://www.teara.govt.nz/en/biographies/3h17/1
Archival audio sourced from Radio New Zealand Sound Archives http://www.soundarchives.co.nz/. Sound files may not be reused without permission from Radio New Zealand Sound Archives (Reference number TX 3348).
Roadside Stories are a series of audio guides to places of interest on major road trips in New Zealand. Each guide tells the story of an attraction along the way -- its people, its history, its cultural and natural significance. For more information about Roadside Stories visit http://www.mch.govt.nz/roadside/
Winter Fun Ride Series 2019 - Te Akau Gravel Grinder
Te Akau Community Complex, Ngaruawahia, North Waikato
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How To Spread the Word
By Scott Honsberger
Today's independent musician can sometimes feel, I'm sure, like they've got to take everything on all by themselves. But as any successful act will tell you, nobody does it on his or her own, and eventually, you need to build a team around you. At a recent industry conference, a young musician asked a panellist who was more important to have on your team first, a manager or an agent. Cheekily, the panellist replied: "A publicist."
Hiring someone to handle your publicity can be a great first addition to your team, since their work, if done well, can lead to attention from other industry players. Knowing their role is, of course, vital to hiring a good publicist, so what exactly do these folks do?
First and foremost, a publicist is there to help raise the profile for you and your music, generally through the use of media coverage. If you've ever tried to get a review in a major publication (or any publication, for that matter) on your own, you know that it's pretty tough to get their eyes and/or ears. A publicist can help.
A good publicist will have strong relationships with media outlets, so when you hire them, that's a lot of what you're paying for. They can, theoretically, pick up the phone or send an email and just say "Hi Bobbi, it's Jane" as opposed to having to introduce themselves. They'll be your advocate, and therefore your pipeline, into getting you coverage.
Publicists not only know the "who" to approach, but the "how." Writing a good press release isn't easy, especially if you have to write it on your own behalf. Having a well-drafted pitch can grab the attention of publications, especially if the artist has a unique angle or story. Publicists are masters at bringing these "pitch points" to the forefront, and that's a skill worth paying for.
In addition to having the ear of the media, publicists are (or should be) experts in the follow-up. Anyone can send a press release to a list of publications, but doing so is almost never enough to get coverage, even if you have an existing relationship. As your media liaison, a publicist should work your project until they get your desired results, or until the publications have given a flat out "no."
Speaking of "your project," publicists should be hired to work something specific, such as a new album, a tour, a video, etc. When pitching to media outlets, they'll need something to pitch, and so the more specific – and interesting – you can be, the better. The fact that you're playing every Thursday at the local might be exciting to you, but it's not something that would grab a reader's attention. If, however, you're playing every Thursday featuring a different celebrity athlete on drums, well, that may just be a publicist's dream.
Although the primary role of a publicist is to get media coverage for their clients, many publicists offer other add-on services: bio writing, brand development, consultation, social media implementation, etc. Like most roles in the industry, the lines are blurring as to what each team member can do, so it's important to ask where that line is with each specific publicist when looking to hire someone.
Finding the right publicist can be tricky, especially with the increasing number of them out there. So how do you decide? Joelle May, an independent publicist who runs ModMay Promotions, suggests a few things that can help.
For starters, looking at the roster that the publicist has worked with in the past will not only give you a sense of their achievements, but the types of acts, in terms of genre and career level, that they take on.
Get references from your peers in music, contact labels or managers you know and ask them for publicist [recommendations]," says May. "Do your research, don't be afraid to meet with multiple publicists, and see which one fits your individual needs."
Cost of services may end up being the big deciding factor. Publicity campaigns can take many forms, which of course means that the costs vary greatly. A three-month campaign will be cheaper than a six-month campaign; a campaign that works to TV and radio will be more costly than one that just works to print media; social media promotion and publicity will generally increase your price, etc.
In general, publicity campaigns run in the thousands of dollars more often than the hundreds, so you should make sure you're at the point where you really need to hire one. Most publicists will work within your budget, scaling services up or down to meet your needs, but as the saying goes, you get what you pay for.
Lastly, it's vital that your publicist be passionate about your music. You don't want someone representing you that isn't heavily into what you do, so make sure that the person (or people) that you hire has a selection criteria (i.e., they'll only work with artists they love) when it comes to taking on new clients.
One of the biggest challenges when it comes to publicity is the risk involved. A publicist can have a strong relationship with media outlets, write a great press release, and do all the right follow up, but in the end, each magazine, blog, newspaper will decide what to publish or not publish.
[A publicists'] role is to get your music in front of the right people," says May. "They don't guarantee media coverage. But if the publicist has a good reputation, there is a higher chance the person they've sent the music to will listen."
In the end, it all comes down to the music, which is the way it should be.
Scott Honsberger is President and founder of the Toronto Music Industry Association.
At Jonas Bonnetta's Port William Sound Studio, Beauty Is the Only Distraction
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As one of the emerging music producers to watch in Toronto these days, Akeel Henry only has one message for artists in the city: "Get at me....
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The LIVE (Large Interactive Virtual Environment) Lab is undoubtedly one of Canada's most impressive studios, and you've probably never heard...
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It seems impossible to go back in time, even in the XXI Century; however, incredible as it may seem, after a two-hour flight from Guayaquil in a comfortable modern airplane, you will be immersed in a world that vanishes millions of years ago.
The Enchanted Islands have managed to blend in perfect harmony with modern hotel facilities, within a prehistoric atmosphere. Only here you will be able to enjoy an international lunch while watching sea lions at play, or share your dish with a playful finch that wants to steal your food.
This is our beautiful Ecuador, a country blessed by the sun. The country we would like to share with you.
THE GALÁPAGOS NATIONAL PARK
Established in 1959, the Galapagos National Park is the oldest National Park in Ecuador. About 97% of the entire area of the Galapagos Islands are part of the National Park system and remain uninhabited. The other 3% of the Islands are the inhabited areas of Santa Cruz Island, San Cristobal Island, Isabela Island and Floreana Island.
In 1967, the first park service was created, but it took about 4 years for the Galapagos National Park to assign its first Superintendent and the first set of park rangers as part of the National Park System. Today the Park has a complex management system and hundreds of Park Rangers.
In 1979, the Galapagos National Park has declared a UNESCO World Heritage Site. This meant that the Park’s management and staff were responsible for performing permanent conservation efforts and guarding the islands according to UNESCO’s standards and regulations. However, in 2007, as a result of the fast growing human development and poorly controlled immigration, tourism and trade, UNESCO added the Galapagos to its List of World Heritage Sites in Danger. Since 2007, strict measures were put in place by the Galapagos National Park to control tourism, immigration and the development of existing communities in Galapagos.
Since its existence, the Galapagos National park has developed a series of rules and regulations to protect the Islands and minimize the impact of tourists on the Islands. All tourists who visit the islands on a cruise, or who take daily tours out to the islands, must be accompanied by Galapagos National Park certified guide on every visit.
Diving Information
Dive guides with over 5.000 dives in the Islands, English, French, German and Spanish spoken.
Not all the sites are for the same level of experience. More than 44 outstanding dive sites. There are sites for beginners, intermediates, and experts; we consider beginners at 5 to 30 dives logged; intermediates 30 to 100, experienced more than 100. Although we do dive with beginners, we generally recommend an intermediate level of diving skills and experience for Galápagos. The dive sites could be changed or cancelled depending on the weather or sea conditions. The minimum age to be a dive is 12 years old.
Our dive limit is 30 meters or 100 feet and no one can dive alone. It depends on the sea conditions (Currents, the wind, visibility, temperature, surge and other variables). Currents are unpredictable and may be negligible or up to 3 knots.
There are two seasons: From January to June, is the hot season. Rains are most common early mornings in January. Water temp. 22 - 28C (70 - 85F) Air temp. 25º - 30ºC (78º - 88ºF) Strong sun and calm seas. Hottest month is March.
From July to December there may be misty rains, water temp 16 - 22C (60 - 70F) Air temp. 20 - 26C (68 - 78F) Occasional clouds or overcast, light rains, and light chop at sea. The coldest month is September. There are no storms in Galapagos.
We are more flexible than other options in Galápagos. We can supply daily dive tours for the number of days that you want or live aboard cruise tours including visits to the onshore island visitor sites, or even just land tours.
Alemania N32-71 y Mariana de Jesús, PB
Local: +593 2 256 3905 / +593 2 256 4342
Mobile: +593 9 9950 0910 / +593 9 9911 8765
Malecón Julio Izurieta
info@exploradiving.com
Enter your info below to begin.
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Tribal Messiahship Seminar in Toronto: ‘We Can Do It’
By FFWPU USA: On Saturday, November 21, 2015, Demian Dunkley, the director of evangelism at FFWPU USA, was the special guest lecturer at a seminar in Toronto, Canada, about achieving success in Tribal Messiahship. Dr. Moon Shik Kim, the president of FFWPU-Canada, and Toronto Family Church Assistant Pastor Yeunhee Chang invited Demian to facilitate “We Can Do It,” which was presented as the first in a series of Tribal Messiahship seminars.
“It’s really interesting that we started in Canada,” said Demian. “Our Continental Director, Dr. Ki Hoon Kim always encourages us to think about leading the world, so we want to support other nations whenever possible. This was actually an international workshop!”
The one-day seminar, which went from 8 a.m. to 8 p.m., was loosely based on the Global Top Gun Workshop and the Leaders Conference in Las Vegas, and was focused on empowering families to see how Tribal Messiahship is actually possible by having a clear vision, setting inspiring, measurable goals and working in unity with each other and local leadership.
Demian expressed, “After returning from the Global Top Gun Workshop, where we had such intimate and clear encouragement from True Mother, I had one thing on my mind: bring the best of what we have to offer to the local community to help facilitate a cultural shift toward Tribal Messiahship, for real.
“I’ve been working closely with other leaders on the National Ministry Team. Naokimi Ushiroda, President of the Collegiate Association for the Research of Principles (CARP) has been developing excellent materials for self-development; Crescentia DeGoede, Director of the Blessing & Family Ministry (BFM) is totally passionate about spreading the Holy Marriage Blessing; FFWPU Vice Presidents Miilhan Stephens and Mari Curry are a constant support for all major initiatives, and Koichi Nakai is running the highest quality media team in our entire world-wide church!”
“To be honest this seminar was an experiment,” Demian continued. “We are now in discussion with a few other communities who are also ready and willing to do this. Every community is totally unique, so we want to grow organically, learning from each experience. We already learned a lot in Toronto and we will be building upon our experience for the upcoming workshops.”
To maximize productivity during the seminar, participants were asked to prepare ahead of time by reflecting on some key questions, previewing some of the resources found on familyfed.org/tribe and by completing a short community assessment survey.
“In my opinion the most valuable part of a workshop is our time together,” explains Demian, “It’s one thing you can’t get online! We prepared specific materials for participants to go through at home at their leisure to allow more time for discussion when we came together.”
The morning sessions were dedicated to remembering personal testimonies and passions, their first experiences with True Parents and the Divine Principle, to return to the reasons why they joined this movement in the first place. Some participants felt that they were being asked about their true passions for the first time.
“Demian was really trying to draw out our strengths and passions,” said Diane Dixon. “It made me think about things that I never thought I could use in my church life. For instance, we were always told to do this or that, and I never really got to follow my passions because I joined at a really young age. But now it seems like we can take our passions and use them for God, and that’s exciting.”
Esther Kintadi said, “I was especially moved at the beginning, when Demian asked us to give our testimony about our early lives of faith. We were organized in groups for discussion. I shared about how I joined the movement, how I met my spiritual father. My mother had just passed away, and my spiritual father came to me. He was a stranger and he looked at me, and he said that my mother told him to come and speak to me. I was shocked, especially when he described her physically to me. I was so moved.
“But the point is, by sharing my story, it reminded me that God worked in order for me to meet the movement. And there are definitely many people out there who God has prepared to share my story with them. For me personally, I feel guilty, because whenever I tell my story, the person who listens always says, ‘Oh, my God, you went through so much, and you’re still here.’ So why can’t I do the same thing, but with follow-through?
“Demian gave an example, that when people are karate-chopping a wood block, they aim beyond the block. Tennis players don’t focus on just the ball, they also focus on the follow-through. They know, ‘If I hit the ball like this, it’s going to go here.’ I have many friends. They look at me, they admire me and my family, my kids. What I’m missing is the follow-through.”
After lunch, there was a question and answer session that clarified the mission statement and the international standards for Tribal Messiahship. By having a clear mission statement, Demian said, the pastor and the tribal messiah can work together based on mutual trust that they are going in the same direction.
Then the participants were given a tour of the resources available to them on familyfed.org/tribe and dplife.info.
William Chang, a Unificationist-born young adult from Toronto, said that he is inspired to hear practical steps with which to proceed with Tribal Messiahship. “It’s about ownership and accountability on everyone, all the way across the board. That’s the way it should be; that’s the way you actually get results.
“I’m really excited about DPLife. I think it’s probably the thing we’ve needed for the last twenty years since the Internet showed up! There are so many tools via social networking and mobile content that we can use to witness with, to share this special message by our True Parents. We really should be excited about this. DPLife is something that we should be proud of. This is something that can change people’s lives, our lives, our communities’ lives.”
The seminar then moved to personal goal-setting. The participants were tasked to envision what their family, tribe and community would look like in the year 2020, and then set measurable goals for the next three months, one month and one week. They were assigned groups with whom to share their goals, and committed to meeting weekly for the next three months to talk about their progress and continue setting goals. One person from each group will collect what was shared and pass it along to Dr. Moon Shik Kim, so that their community leader is informed of all the tribal messiahs’ victories and struggles.
This was a challenging but important part of the seminar, according to Esther Kintadi. “We were forced to make goals! And we were all struggling to really put details. And why do we struggle? That’s why we don’t bring results. That’s my conclusion, because we don’t have specific goals. Our goals seem to be so big, and so far away; that’s why we don’t see results. I hope that it doesn’t end here with nice words, but that we can really bring results. Because there are many people out there who are looking for what we have.”
The We Can Do It seminar is not at all about telling people what to do or how to do it. It’s about drawing out the picture that God is already painting for the community. It comes from the brothers and sisters. Or better yet, it comes from the unity of the community, and that is the real challenge.
Mitch Dixon noted that the seminar built on itself. It started with a very calm atmosphere, with a lot of reflection and discussion, and then build up to making concrete plans. “The goal-setting session was actually quite challenging,” he noted. “We had to actually think about what we were going to do. Demian would never take the answers that we were saying to be clear enough. He was always saying, ‘You have to quantify, you have to make it real, make it exact as well as inspiring.’ And it really brought me into a deeper thought about what we were actually going to do.
“I thought that the whole group, the whole church felt mobilized. It felt like we were actually going to do something, besides come to church and go home. We’re actually going to put this into first or second or third gear, and go forward to make some impact on our society.
“This was a very actualizing workshop that can really put us in motion. That’s what we really needed. I really appreciate the fact that Dr. Kim invited Demian here. The seminar was very effective. I just hope that we can keep moving forward and sticking to those goals.”
“It was a great workshop at the right time,” said Dr. Moon Shik Kim. “This workshop was held on the foundation of several Sunday services and group discussions on how to be successful in the Heavenly Tribal Messiah mission. This workshop then helped everyone make clear goals and establish teams who can work together striving for fulfilling individual, family and tribal goals by sharing with and encouraging one another. I want to continue with this momentum.”
The following day, seminar participants were invited to share their testimonies and goals publicly during Sunday Service. Demian’s hope was that the group could begin to infuse their Sunday Service experience with more Tribal Messiahship testimonies.
“True Father asked us years ago to develop our Sunday messages around testimonies,” said Demian. “I can’t ignore that anymore. I do not see evangelism as just activity witnessing. Can you separate evangelism from who we are? It will be totally ineffective. I will say this: our movement will grow as fast as our tribes. Our tribes will grow as fast as our families. Our families will grow as fast as our couple, and my couple will grow no faster than me. Therefore our National Ministry Team wants to support whatever is needed for our brothers and sisters, leaders and members alike, to be truly successful.
“With all of that in mind, how can we possibly find time to point fingers, complain to others, or get lost in complicated theological arguments? How can we possibly find the time to do anything other than work together?
“True Mother is being totally clear, concise and consistent. We’ve been given the Blessing. That’s why I know, without a doubt, that we can do it!”
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The Islamic Republic of Iran is located in Western Asia, more popularly referred to as the Middle East. Through the years, Iran has earned international importance because of the political situation in the country. At present, travel to Iran remains at high risk, while travel to specific frontier areas are highly dangerous. If you are going to Iran, avoid the borders with Iraq, Pakistan and Afghanistan. If you need to cross borders, it is not advisable to take overland transportation means.
Iran’s tourism industry failed to take because of its unpalatable international image. This is a shame, considering the fact that Iran, formerly known as Persia, is a seat of civilization. Its rich culture and history is a potential tourist attraction.
Places of interest in Iran include Tehran, the capital, which showcases how Iran has leaped from its ancient history, through its line of art galleries, coffee shops, restaurants and the merry mix of residents. There is also Kashan, whose bazaar scene is a favorite tourist haunt for bargains. Tourists also flock to the restored mansions that date back to the Qajar era. Esfahan, on the other hand, is the capital of Shah Abba and the center of Iran’s magnificence, what with its majestic mosques and breathtaking bridges. Yazd is also a must-see, particularly its ancient wind towers and network of hotels and restaurants. Finally, Shiraz is the core of Persian culture, where stunning architecture and hospitable people complement each other to create an exciting experience for tourists.
Iran Top Cities
Isphahan
Zabol
Iran Famous Landmarks
Iranian Crown Jewels
Shah Mosque
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Swords Paperclips from the North
Posted on March 16, 2008 by Alex Harrowell
It looks like Nicolas Sarkozy’s pet foreign-policy idea has been sporked, good and proper; his idea of a “Mediterranean Union” is now officially an ex-parrot, after it failed to get German support. As we’ve been saying right back to 2005, the key fact of European politics at the moment is that Angela Merkel has achieved a degree of influence that no other chancellor since Willy Brandt could claim; whether it’s over the economy, the Middle East, Russia, the EU budget, or the EU’s internal organisation, all roads now pass through Berlin. Helmut Kohl and Konrad Adenauer both operated in a triumvirate with a very strong and universally respected French president and a very strong (and pretty respected, but far from universally so) European Commission President; there’s certainly an argument that the Barroso commission is the best for some time, but nobody could seriously describe Nicolas Sarkozy as a leading force in European politics. The UK is absorbed by its own self-inflicted crisis; Italy is coming over all Italian; problems go either to Brussels or Berlin for solution.
So what was this Mediterranean Union thing all about? Well, Sarko’s adviser Henri Guaino had this idea, see; it would be a bit like the EU, but would encompass states along the southern shore of the Mediterranean as well as Spain, Italy, France, and Greece – but no other EU members. This would have done a number of things; for a start, it would have created an undemarcated frontier between the EU’s various existing policy initiatives there and whatever the new organisation did. It would also have been potentially in conflict with the EU accession process. Certainly, the new entity would have been politically dominated by France; which, it’s fair to say, was probably why France wanted it.
This could have worked in a couple of ways; perhaps the EU could subcontract its policy in the Mediterranean to the new organisation (or to the French Foreign Ministry), or else the two would work out a division of labour. Alternatively, the freies Spiel der Krafte, the “free interplay of forces”, would have seen them compete until some sort of de facto arrangement emerged. But what would it actually have been doing?
There are two answers to this; one is that it would have been doing the good work of spreading European integration onto the potentially unstable southern rim (whilst also tactfully getting around the special significance of, say, Moroccan membership in the EU). Another is that it would have been a substitute for accession; rather than the real thing with its guarantees, open borders, trading privileges and development funds, warm words (and the special benefits of Francafrique), and probably highly restrictive agreements on nasty things like immigration. (Via Randy McDonald, check out this view from the other side of the table.) Certainly, the British government reckoned it was a way to put Turkish membership off the table.
Yet another unexplained angle was the relationship between the new organisation and NATO; despite the new organisation’s Frenchness, it’s worth pointing out that all its proposed European members would have been NATO member states. In fact, either three out of four or four out of five, depending on the inclusion or otherwise of Portugal, are home to a major NATO multinational HQ; Portugal, Spain, and Greece all have a Joint Subregional Task Force HQ, Portugal is also home to a NATO SACLANT naval headquarters, Italy is home to NATO headquarters for Southern Europe, SACEUR’s southern naval headquarters, the southern air forces’ headquarters, and the US 6th Fleet. NATO has relationships with most of the other potential members under the Partnership for Peace; the interworking between these and the MU was left for the imagination.
So, plenty of problems. Then there was the touchy subject of whether the MU (with a net-recipient membership) would have EU funds; no wonder Merkel wasn’t keen. As always, for EU funds read “net-contributions from the Northern Alliance of Germany, the UK, Sweden, Denmark, Holland, and Slovenia”. Yes, Slovenia – it’s northern, right? No? Well, it is, isn’t it – look at it, it’s parliamentary, it’s a net contributor, it’s got mountains (like Holland…), it’s sort of social-democratic, and vaguely German. Clearly. And so they kiboshed the MU.
But was it a good idea? I think not. The single most effective – almost the only effective – method of EU foreign policy is the enlargement process. So I’m opposed to anything that diverts from it. Our international-society-theory with balls/prototype world government is about the only grand political vision of the last 100 or so years that remains valid; with all its inconsistencies and bizarreries……hold it. The inconsistencies and bizarreries are precisely why it works. A curious combination of bureaucracy, anarchy and diplomacy, it’s not a prototype world government, it’s a world un-government in permanent beta test; we just haven’t invented the right buzzword yet to name it. (Which may be a problem. Successful projects usually breed their own tribe, and hence their own language; we don’t seem to be so good at that. But you’re welcome to try in comments.)
The version of the MU that was actually signed off is considerably more like the EU; it includes all the EU member states, it’s intended to do concrete and practical things, and it actually offers the ‘tothersiders something, namely ERASMUS student exchanges, money, and a higher priority for the extension of the EU free-trade area. I wouldn’t be surprised if Zapatero manages to snap up the headquarters.
This entry was posted in A Fistful Of Euros, Energy and enviroment, Europe and the world, France, Germany, Political issues, Terrorism, The European Union, Transition and accession and tagged Angela Merkel, euro mediterranean partnership, european integration, european security, Sarkozy by Alex Harrowell. Bookmark the permalink.
About Alex Harrowell
Alex Harrowell is a 33-year old research analyst for a start-up telecoms consulting firm. He's from Yorkshire, now an economic migrant in London. His specialist subjects are military history, Germany, the telecommunications industry, and networks of all kinds. He would like to point out that it's nothing personal. Writes the Yorkshire Ranter.
View all posts by Alex Harrowell →
3 thoughts on “Swords Paperclips from the North”
john somer on March 16, 2008 at 3:48 pm said:
The idea of a framework for the “European near-abroad” is a good one since the EU cannot accept all the countries that meet the Copenhagen criteria (otherwise, why not New Zealand or Costa-Rica ?) but Sarkozy’s (or rather his Euroscptic counselor Henris Guaino’s) idea of trying to bypas the Commission really sucked. Fortunately, Merckel was there to scuppeer the original project
passer-by on March 16, 2008 at 3:58 pm said:
Well, it’s Henri GUAINO not Guanot and das freie Spiel or ein freies Spiel… it is worth making the spelling effort on an European blog. Otherwise, very clear presentation, although I actually disagree with the conclusions regarding the EU foreign policy, but nevermind. Thanks.
Doug on March 18, 2008 at 6:27 pm said:
The lost continent of MU.
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by footballcanada · October 31, 2018
By Ameeta Vohra
As the leaves have fallen off trees and the temperatures are getting cooler, the barometer is rising in USports football as the postseason has arrived.
Here is a look at which teams have moved on in the quest to hoist the Vanier Cup on November 24, 2018 in Laval:
In the last week of the regular season, the Saint Mary’s Huskies were hoping to head into the playoffs with a perfect record. Unfortunately, their consecutive seven game winning streak was snapped this past weekend at the hands of the Acadia Axemen.
Since the Huskies ended their season with a 7-1 record, it was still good enough to take top spot in the conference. The team will have a week to rest as they have earned the right to advance to the Loney Bowl. The championship will be played at Huskies Stadium on Saturday November 10, 2018.
Hoping to join the Huskies are either the StFX X-Men (6-2) or the Axemen (5-3). Both teams will battle in the AUS semi-final game this Saturday at Oland Stadium in Antigonish, Nova Scotia at 2:00 p.m.AST.
RSEQ:
The Laval Rouge et Or capped off their regular season with a perfect 8-0 record and the was fortunate to have a bye in the final week.
Now, the team will march into the playoffs and host the McGill Redmen (2-6) on Saturday November 3, 2018 at Telus Stadium at 1:00 p.m. EST in one of the semi-final games.
Meanwhile, the Montreal Carabins (6-2) who settled for second in the conference, will host the other semi-final on Saturday November 3, 2018. The team will square off against the Sherbrooke Vert et Or (2-6) at CEPSUM at 2:00 p.m. EST.
The Dunsmore Cup will be played at the highest seed’s home stadium on Saturday November 10, 2018 at 2:00 p.m. EST.
OUA:
One conference is already deep in the playoffs and that is the OUA. While the defending Vanier and Yates Cup Western Mustangs (8-0) and Ottawa Gee-Gees (6-2) earned first round byes, four other teams began their playoff runs last weekend.
Days after head coach Greg Knox was fired, the McMaster Marauders (5-3) had to regroup and travel to Ottawa to face the Carleton Ravens (5-3). Down by 16 points at the half, the Marauders fell short in their comeback attempt and fell to the Ravens 30-25.
The Ravens now have a big task at hand as they will head on the road to face the Mustangs in one OUA semi-final at TD Stadium on Saturday November 10, 2018. Kickoff is 1:00 p.m. EST.
After 15 years, the Waterloo Warriors (4-4) once again got a taste of the playoffs. However, their quarterfinal game pitted the team against the Guelph Gryphons (5-3) at Alumni Stadium. The Gryphons got past the Warriors 45-34 to advance to the semi-finals where the Gee-Gees will be waiting for them in Ottawa. The game will be on Saturday November 10, 2018 at 1:00 p.m. at Gee-Gees Field.
The Yates Cup will be on Saturday November 10, 2018.
CWUAA:
The year has ended in perfection for the Calgary Dinos. The team heads into the postseason with an 8-0 record as they handled the Alberta Golden Bears 52-6 last weekend.
Now, the Dinos will host the Manitoba Bisons in one semi-final on Saturday November 3, 2018 at McMahon Stadium at 12:00 MST.
The other will pit the visiting Saskatchewan Huskies (5-3) battling the UBC Thunderbirds (5-3) on Saturday November 3, 2018 at Thunderbirds Stadium. Kickoff is 2:00 p.m. MST.
From the two semi-finals, the winners of them will play in the Hardy Cup on Saturday November 10, 2018.
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Home » FPL Potential » Wesley Moraes – Fantasy Football Potential
Wesley Moraes – Fantasy Football Potential
Wesley Moraes is a 22 Brazilian footballer playing as an out and out Striker. He has signed a permanent deal with Aston Villa moving from Club Brugge (Belgium) as they return to the premier league after winning the play off final against Derby at the end of the 2018/19 season.
The fee paid amounts to around £22 million and is the clubs record signing. He still had four years left on his contract at Club Brugge but was excited about the “physicality and high level” of the premier league and felt it could strongly suit his style of play. He is 6 foot 3 and plays mainly as a target man with a play style similar to that of Higuain or Ashley Barnes. He has not made any appearances for Brazil and so there will be no issue of injuries during international breaks to potentially put off fantasy managers.
Wesley began his career as a youth player for Itabuna Esporte Clube in Brazil before moving to start his senior career at AS Trencin who play in the Fortuna Liga, the Slovakian first league. During his time here he scored 8 goals and 5 assists in 22 appearances with an attacking return ever 125 minutes, amounting to one in every game and a half.
In January of 2016 he moved to Club Brugge for £1 million at the age of 19. At Club Brugge he played 130 matches scoring 38 goals and making 14 assists and so provided an attacking return once every 157 minutes close to once every two matches. In his most recent season he was involved in 27 goals in all competitions producing once every 144 minutes. He also only picked up 17 yellow cards and two red cards throughout his whole senior career meaning his discipline is unlikely to be an issue for managers.
In 2017/18 Wesley was awarded the young player of the year award as he scored 7 goals and two assists as Club Brugge topped the league qualifying for the champions league. This award has previously been won by the likes of Vincent Kompany and Youri Tielemans showing that Wesley has the potential to be a very talented footballer and FPL asset. If he performs as Tielemans did when arriving in the premier league he will be a very sought after asset.
He has proven himself in the few European matches that Club Brugge have played whilst he has been at the club scoring 3 goals in the four qualifying matches and 2 goals in the 11 champions league matches with both goals coming against Monaco. However, he did fail to score in both matches he played against Leicester in the Champions League group stages the year after Leicester won the premier league in 2015/16.
Wesley has the potential to perform well for Aston Villa as they begin their campaign back in the premier league. However, one of the main questions will be whether he will be able to perform in the premier league which is of a much higher standard and intensity than anything he has experienced previously.
Aston Villa currently play Tammy Abraham in his position, but with his loan from Chelsea ending and Wesley being a club record signing there seems to be no reason why he should not start and be first choice to lead the line. He is likely to line up in a front 3 with El Ghazi on the left and a new winger, potentially the new signing Jota on the right. Aston Villa will rely heavily on these three for goals and so Wesley will be one of their main hopes for keeping them in the premier league. As well as this with no other commitments for Aston Villa he is unlikely to be rotated and so can offer a safe and secure option.
Aston Villa have mixed opening fixtures but do look much more favourable after the away trip to Tottenham in gameweek one. This means that Wesley could occupy the third striker role either as a differential starter or offer a strong rotation with others in manager’s squads.
The next point to note is the price that he is likely to cost when the game is launched. With strikers in their first season for promoted clubs, for example Jimenez at 5.5 and Mitrovic at 6.5 as well as Josh King at 6.0 and Callum Wilson at 6.5 he is unlikely to be priced any higher than 6.0 but it seems more than likely he will come in below this. Therefore, combining the price potential of Wesley with his goal scoring record he should not be written off by managers as a cheaper route to goal or even a player to help the strength in depth due to the likelihood that he receives a large number of minutes throughout the season.
Written by FPL Tipz (@FPLTIPZ)
Kortney Hause - Fantasy Football Potential - FPL Updates
[…] 23 year old is Villa’s fourth signing of the transfer window after Jota, Anwar El Ghazi and Wesley Moraes, showing that Dean Smith is looking to increase the squad depth in preparation for the upcoming […]
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Interested in reading fascinating stories from the history of Riverside? Visit the Scout!
Riverside Cemetery, founded in 1876, is Denver’s oldest operating cemetery and is designated as a national historic district. Located just two miles north of downtown in the center of an industrial area, Riverside is truly a unique cultural treasure that has been widely ignored for many years.
A brief history of Riverside
Founded in 1876, the same year Colorado gained Statehood to the Union, and the same year the nation held its Centennial Celebration, Riverside Cemetery has the distinction of being one of the first park-like, rural cemeteries in the Rocky Mountain West.
Riverside Cemetery is the longest continually operating cemetery in Denver, and one of the most significant historical resources in Colorado. Noting the importance of the 77-acre site, the cemetery was designated a National Historic District in 1992. Now surrounded by the gritscape of a disparate industrial district, partly in the City and County of Denver and partly in Adams County, the cemetery is in a state of rapid decline.
The Lester Drake Cabin at Riverside
Many of Colorado’s most famous pioneers found their final resting place at Riverside, including Augusta Tabor, Barney and Julia Ford, Silas Soule, three territorial governors – John Evans, Samuel Elbert, and John Routt – and numerous mayors, entrepreneurs, and civic figures.
A wide range of cultures are represented at Riverside, including Russian Orthodox, Korean, Japanese, Chinese, Italian, and African American. Riverside also hosts an official military cemetery, and is the permanent home of over 1,000 veterans from the civil war through the first gulf war. Three civil war Medal of Honor recipients are among those buried in the military cemetery.
Riverside is a document of 130 years of Colorado history, both above and under the ground.
The Threat
The threats currently facing the cemetery are significant and compounding. The most significant issue it currently faces is the loss in 2001 of its “handshake agreement” to water rights from the South Platte River. The historic landscape has suffered a staggering loss of plantings without supplemental irrigation to augment the low natural precipitation of the region. Turfgrass is all but gone from the property, leaving only weeds and patches of native grass as the primary groundcover.
In addition, a large percentage of the Riverside’s formerly extensive canopy of shade and evergreen trees has died from the resulting drought conditions. Over the fall and winter of 2008-2009, several dead trees fell and damaged nearby monuments and a historic private mausoleum. Many more were taken down to manage this risk, but additional trees are in danger of falling during future storms or periods of strong winds. Future collapses could possibly do additional damage to Riverside’s extensive collection of artful stone markers and irreplaceable white bronze monuments.
In 2008, Riverside Cemetery was listed as one of Colorado’s “Most Endangered Places” by Colorado Preservation, Inc., and on October 15th, 2009, The Cultural Landscape Foundation recognized Riverside as a “Shaper of the American Landscape”. The purpose of this award to draw “attention to endangered (or threatened) nationally significant cultural landscapes.”
Revitalization of Riverside will require a combination of respect, commitment, and creativity. The cemetery’s location along the South Platte River’s rich natural areas offer unique recreational opportunities, while its vast cultural and artistic treasures, if preserved and enhanced, could substantiate a valuable historic park resource. In addition, with a new vision for a more regionally sustainable cemetery, adequate space still exists within the grounds to permit additional burials well into the future, which would allow Riverside to once again serve the community as an active, operating cemetery and vital community resource.
Community interest needs to be generated, cooperative support marshaled, and innovative solutions identified to help stem the decay and return the condition of the cemetery to one of renewed respect for the families interred within. Without the concern and help from the greater community, and focused assistance from a coalition of public and private groups and individuals, the condition of the Riverside may well continue its unfortunate decline and keep at risk the significant memorial art and genealogic history it contains.
The imagery above the ground at Riverside is every bit as compelling as the history under the ground. For instance, the Drake Cabin (pictured below) is the limestone monument to Blackhawk Pioneer Lester Drake.
Visit Riverside:
Riverside Cemetery is located just a half mile north of I-70 at 5201 Brighton Boulevard. You can find more information on our visit Riverside page.
If you have a story, image, or comment you’d like to share about Riverside, visit the The Riverside Scout, where you can find stories, art, and history of Denver’s oldest cemetery. This site is open to submissions from anyone, including historians, planners, families, and community organizers.
Colorado Geneology Blog
Colorado Preservation
Greenway Foundation
Historic Denver
The Cultural Landscape Foundation
Trust for Public Land – Colorado
Friends Programs
Doc-A-Block
The Riverside Scout
CoGenWeb Internment Listings
Fairmount Cemetery
Riverside on “Find A Grave”
Riverside on Rootsweb
Riverside on Wikipedia
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« Faith No More Returns to Chicago Schubas Got Down with Saint Motel on Friday Night »
Review Fri Jan 30 2015
Bahamas Took Another Trip to Chicago
By Celeste Mallama
"I feel like a golfer at a PGA tournament" singer songwriter David McMillin joked to the sold out and reverently quiet crowd at Lincoln Hall on Thursday evening. McMillin (who was voted best folk, country, or Americana act by the Reader in 2008) moved between guitar and keyboard for his set, working his way through his solo material as well as tracks "White Roses" and "Plastic Hearts" from his Chicago based band Fort Frances. The singer-songwriter played beautiful Americana that ranged in style from upbeat folk to heart wrenching ballads, but he never took himself too seriously onstage, jokingly telling the crowd as he pulled on his harmonica: "I got my beard stuck in this last night. So you know it was a good excuse to clean myself up... although not too much obviously," as he pointed at his scruffy facial hair.
McMillin was a perfect warm up to get the crowd ready for Afie Jurvanen, the Canadian born musician behind Bahamas. Jurvanen was in Chicago recently, playing a sold out Schubas back in October. While I wasn't at that show, I was told by others that there was some chatter going on during his set that wasn't great for the ambiance, but that could not have been less true at Lincoln Hall on Thursday night. So quiet you could've heard a pin drop, Jurvanen took the stage in his red plaid and Nike swooshes, and made his way through a good deal of his 2014 album Bahamas is Afie including "Caught Me Thinking," "Waves," "Stronger than that" and "Can't Take Me With You."
Backed by a guitar, drums and a female vocalist, the melodic, rolling and beautiful tracks came out sounding exactly as fantastic as they do on the album. The good natured Jurvanen bantered with the crowd about his calming and lovely set, "Now we're cooking -- on a low medium heat -- that's how I do it."
While Bahamas' style of music may be low key, the set was never for a minute anything less than engrossing, especially because Jurvanen is in constant motion, dancing, coaxing and shaking the sounds out of his guitar. Wrapping up his set with an encore including "Bitter Memories", "Be My Witness" and "All the Time in the World" Bahamas told the rapt crowd "I feel like I've got you all in the palm of my hand, you all are really enjoying it. It really is a pleasure for me." It was for us as well
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Authorized by Executive Order 9050 on February 6, 1942, this is awarded by the Secretary of the Navy in the name of the President, to any ship, aircraft, or naval unit, or any Marine Corps aircraft, detachment, or higher unit for outstanding performance in action against an armed enemy of the United States on or after December 7, 1941. Although created as a combat award, there have been two non-combat awards authorized. To the USS NAUTILUS (SSN-571) for the first cruise of a nuclear submarine, July 22 to August 5, 1958; and to the USS TRITON (SSN-586) for the submerged circumnavigation of the world, February 16 to May 10, 1960.
The President of the United States takes pleasure in presenting
the PRESIDENTIAL UNIT CITATION to
ROSS STUART MACGREGOR FT2 (SS) USN
U.S.S. TRITON (SSR(N)586)
for making the first submerged circumnavigation of the world.
"For meritorious achievement from the 16th of February
1960 to the 10th of May 1960. During this period TRITON
circumnavigated the earth submerged, generally following
the route of Magellans historic voyage. In addition to
proving the ability of both crew and nuclear submarine to
accomplish a mission which required almost three months
of submergence, TRITON collected much data of scientific
importance. The performance, determination and devotion
to duty of TRITONs crew were in keeping with the highest
traditions of the naval service."
All members of the crew who made this voyage are authorized
to wear the Presidential Unit Citation ribbon with a special clasp in the
form of a golden replica of the globe.
THE WHITE HOUSE,
May 10, 1960.
This is a reproduction of the original Citation given to Ross MacGregor.
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Hawaiian Tropic Zone
A History of Hawaii
Imports and Exports of Hawaiian Economy
Hawaii is the only state in the United States that is made up completely of islands. It originally became a state in August 21st of 1959. Due to its remote location off the southern coast of California in the Pacific Ocean, the prices for consumer products are much higher than other places in the country. The fact is, many items have to be imported, which works to drive the cost up of various items even more.
Referred to as the “Aloha State,” Hawaii was first home to Polynesians approximately 1500 years in the past. Later, Tahitian settlers came to the islands and created a social system that was based on kapu, which actually translates to taboo. In 1778, Captain James Cook landed in the Hawaiian islands and brought a number of western ideas and thoughts to these Oceania islands. In 1820, 42 years later, a number of Protestant missionaries arrived in Hawaii and begin to establish various societal standards, which quickly replaced the Tahitian kapu (taboo) system. At this point, Hawaii was established as an active seaport and it catered to whalers and traders, which helped to solidify the future of the state as an exporter and importer of goods. At the time when Hawaii actually became a territory of the U.S. in 1898, some of the main exports included fresh fruits and sugar; however, sugar is not included as a top export in Hawaii. Also, the only fresh fruit that Hawaii is exporting in big numbers are papayas.
The largest imported items to Hawaii include petroleum oil and crude oil. In fact, in 2013, the total estimated value of these imports was around $3 billion. However, that is not all that Hawaii imports. It also brings in propane, precious metals, jewelry, semiconductors, coal, passenger vehicles and aircraft. The main exports of the state of Hawaii include parts for aircrafts, exotic fruit, petroleum and light oils, fresh shrimp, ferrous scrap, cocoa preparation, aluminum scrap and waste, drawings, paintings and stainless steel scrap.
There is a common misconception that Hawaii exports all things “tropics,” for example, coconuts and other exotic fruit. However, this is simply not the case. In fact, the state offers much more than just the tropical items that it is so well-known and loved for. The evolution of this state is diverse and as a result there are a number of products and goods that are unique to this area. However, due to its location, it costs more to import and export here. This is why there are many things that are sourced elsewhere, besides Hawaii.
Taking some time to get to know about the history of Hawaii, will help you understand why the state imports and exports the items it does. Being informed and educated can help you better understand about this unique state and what it has to offer.
March 5, 2016 Henry Rodriquez
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You are here: Home / Anti-Kickback / Fraud perpetrators receive lengthy prison sentences for false claims, kickbacks
Fraud perpetrators receive lengthy prison sentences for false claims, kickbacks
July 7, 2017 by Kayla Bryant
Two health care fraud scheme perpetrators in separate cases successfully prosecuted by the Department of Justice (DOJ) have been sentenced for their crimes. A physician who accepted kickbacks and committed tax fraud received a sentence of seven years in prison. A Detroit medical biller received a sentence of 50 months in prison for her role in billing $7.3 million in fraudulent claims to Medicare and Medicaid.
A Pennsylvania physician was sentenced to 84 months in prison with three years’ supervised release, 60 months of which run concurrently with a sentence imposed by a Florida district court. The DOJ presented information to the court showing that the physician, who practiced anesthesiology and pain management, owned and operated pain management clinics. The physician conspired to receive kickbacks from a drug testing lab in exchange for referring patients to the lab, totaling over $2.3 million. Medicare and Medicaid paid the lab over $4.5 million based on the physician’s referrals. The physician also failed to remit employment taxes for a corporation of which he was a 100-percent shareholder.
Medical biller
At trial, the DOJ showed that the medical biller submitted fraudulent bills on behalf of a physician for services that she knew could not have been rendered or were not rendered as billed as part of a $7.3 million fraud scheme. She received 6 percent of the total billings received from Medicare. She was sentenced to 50 months in prison with one year of supervised release and ordered to pay restitution of $3.2 million jointly and severally with co-defendants.
$55M fraud scheme earns 84 months in prison
Feds allege 412 individuals responsible for $1.3B in Medicare fraud
Fraudsters sentenced for various schemes, medical device company settles allegations for $36M
Filed Under: Anti-Kickback, Department of Justice, Fraud & Abuse, News Tagged With: doj, fraud, fraud scheme, health fraud, kickbacks, sentencing
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RIBA Stirling Prize 2012 | Shortlist announced
Fuente: Dezeen
Dezeen Wire: six buildings have been shortlisted for this year’s RIBA Stirling Prize, including the London Olympic Stadium by Populous (above) and two projects by OMA.
The six, which will compete for the £20,000 prize for the best building by a British-registered architect, are:
» The Hepworth Wakefield, Yorkshire by David Chipperfield Architects;» London Olympic Stadium by Populous;» The Lyric Theatre, Belfast by O’Donnell + Tuomey;» Maggie’s Centre, Gartnavel, Glasgow by OMA;» New Court, London by OMA with Allies and Morrison;
» Sainsbury Laboratory, Cambridge by Stanton Williams.
The winner will be announced at a ceremony in Manchester on 13 October.
See all our stories about the Stirling Prize | See past winners of the Stirling Prize
Update: six buildings were also shortlisted this week for the Carbuncle Cup award for the ugliest building completed in the UK over the last year – read about them here.
Here’s the press release from the RIBA:
The shortlist for the prestigious 2012 RIBA Stirling Prize, revealed today (22 July 2012), celebrates the best of new British architecture. The shortlist features six exceptional and completely different buildings from across the country which will now go head to head for architecture’s highest accolade and a £20,000 prize from the Royal Institute of British Architects (RIBA). The RIBA Stirling Prize is now in its seventeeth year; the 2012 winner will be announced at a special event in Manchester on Saturday 13 October.
The seemingly simple yet highly innovative London Olympic Stadium, the thoughtful and intimate Maggie’s Cancer Centre in Glasgow, the stunningly original Hepworth Wakefield gallery in Yorkshire, the beautifully detailed and rule-breaking Sainsbury Laboratory for plant science in Cambridge, the New Court Rothschild Bank in London that rises high whilst opening new views at street level, and the crafted and careful reincarnation of the Lyric Theatre on a small suburban site in Belfast are all in the running for the 2012 RIBA Stirling Prize.
The buildings on this year’s shortlist are all highly-crafted buildings and use rich materials, with exceptional attention to every detail. These are buildings that clearly value the individual and visitor’s experience; from the very personal and peaceful Maggie’s Cancer Centre to the new Olympic Stadium, which despite its enormity has an atmosphere of intimacy for every spectator.
Heritage and education are strong themes in this year’s shortlist with the success of the Sainsbury Laboratory housing Darwin’s collection, New Court’s careful integration of the Rothschild’s art collection into its design and both the Lyric Theatre and Hepworth Wakefield skillfully creating exceptional new homes for regional arts.
The six buildings competing for this year’s title (including betting odds from William Hill) are:
1. The Hepworth Wakefield, Yorkshire by David Chipperfield Architects (William Hill odds: 3/1)
David Chipperfield Architects are the only previous RIBA Stirling Prize winner amongst this year’s shortlisted architects, having won in 2007 for the Museum of Modern Literature in Marbach, Germany. This is the eighth time that David Chipperfield Architects has been shortlisted for the RIBA Stirling Prize, and the third year running; they now match Foster + Partners who have also been shortlisted for the prize eight times.
– The Hepworth Wakefield is characterized by a series of 10 small, irregular, trapezoidal blocks that make up the structure of the gallery, giving it a sculptural appearance, in reference to its contents.
– From the outside, the gallery is interesting to look at from any angle with the smaller blocks complementing the scale and form of the existing industrial buildings on the site. Inside, the ten blocks create a series of relaxed and intimate exhibition spaces, with great flow and movement between interconnecting rooms.
– The building responds imaginatively to its riverside location. Being at the head of the river divide, two sides of gallery are river facing. The gallery rises straight from the river and the whole building is reflected in the water. Carefully placed windows offer strategic views.
– The gallery sources renewable energy in the form of heating and cooling from the river’s flow.
– The distinctive dusky mauve colour of the concrete gives the building a unique identity.
2. London Olympic Stadium by Populous (William Hill odds: 5/1)
This is the first time that Populous has been shortlisted for the RIBA Stirling Prize
– The stadium has been designed so that it can be taken down and reused in another location – or taken apart and made smaller.
– The design team aimed to create the most sustainable Olympic stadium to date, reducing the amount of steel and concrete needed, making it one of the lightest stadia of the modern era.
– It has a sunken arena so the ground level entrance is actually half-way up the stadium – reducing the number of stairs spectators have to climb to the upper tiers.
– The stadium is surrounded by water, so once visitors have shown their ticket and crossed the bridge they are more free to move around than at most stadiums.
– There is a spirit of fun – they have designed a space to create an amazing atmosphere, where every seat has a great view.
3. The Lyric Theatre, Belfast by O’Donnell + Tuomey (William Hill odds: 4/1)
O’Donnell + Tuomey are a Dublin-based practice. This is the fourth time they have been shortlisted for the RIBA Stirling Prize and their second year running: last year their An Gaelaras cultural centre in Derry was shortlisted.
– The architects have responded superbly to considerable challenges, including the building’s small, awkwardly irregular and steeply sloping site.
– The distinctive red ‘Belfast brick’ echoes the existing south Belfast residential landscape.
– The architects have created an exceptional auditorium – aiming for the seating to be twisted ‘like the crease of a hand’ so that people could see each other and to save actors from performing to a symmetrically divided audience. The auditorium has a special, sculptural interior and incredible acoustics.
– The extensive use of glass maximises the presence of natural light in the public spaces and ensures that the magnificent view of the river can be enjoyed to its full potential.
4. Maggie’s Centre, Gartnavel, Glasgow by OMA (William Hill odds: 9/2)
This is the second time that OMA has been shortlisted for the RIBA Stirling Prize and it is the only practice to have two buildings on the 2012 shortlist. In 2007 OMA’s Casa da Musica in Portugal was shortlisted. Rem Koolhaas, who founded OMA, had known Maggie Keswick Jencks (after whom the Maggie’s Centres are named) since the 1960s. Lily Jencks, Maggie’s daughter, was the landscape designer on the project.
– The building succeeds in the central aim of all Maggie’s Centres – to create an environment of practical and emotional support for people with cancer. They aim to kindle a sense of curiosity and imagination – to be grand in ambition but small in scale.
– The distinctive ‘doughnut’ shape of the centre allows for all the rooms to surround an internal landscaped garden.
– Located in a natural setting, like a pavilion in the woods (in fact, the old hospital carpark, now landscaped) the building looks both out to the woods and into the garden giving it a sense of being extroverted and introverted.
– There are no corridors or isolated rooms, but a series of interlocking spaces with a clever use of sliding walls to open and close areas, offering flexibility.
5. New Court, London by OMA with Allies and Morrison (William Hill odds: 4/1)
OMA’s second building on this year’s shortlist. Allies and Morrison has previously been shortlisted twice for the prize.
– Rothschild’s Bank have been on the same site since 1809. In replacing their previous 1960s building, the architects created an imaginative solution to a very constrained site (part of the Bank Conservation Area).
– The new building opens up views to a Wren church by cleverly creating a pathway towards the church and generous sight lines from the pavement.
– The architects have created a synthesis between an office and a museum. New Court is a showcase for the Rothschild art collection, aspects of which have been carefully incorporated into the design of the building.
– The building has a superb attention to detail; the materials used create a strong sense of understated elegance.
6. Sainsbury Laboratory, Cambridge by Stanton Williams (William Hill odds: 7/2)
This is the first time that Stanton Williams have been shortlisted for the RIBA Stirling Prize.
– The laboratory is carefully designed to complement its setting – the relationship to the surrounding 19th century, Grade II listed garden is central to the building’s identity.
– It cleverly mixes the private and the public – the security and complex scientific needs of a laboratory with a public botanic garden café.
– The architects have created a stimulating working environment to attract world-class scientists, including sociable spaces and smaller meeting points alongside research spaces.
– It is a highly energy efficient building – rainwater is collected from the roof and stored in two huge tanks which irrigate the garden’s glasshouse and plant chambers.
RIBA President Angela Brady said:
“The annual RIBA Stirling Prize celebrates architectural excellence and this year we have an incredibly strong list of contenders. All of the shortlisted buildings demonstrate the essence of great architecture; they are human-scale buildings, places to inspire, entertain, educate and comfort their visitors and passers-by. Every building not only works beautifully from within but has a superb relationship with its surroundings, with a strong interplay between the two. They don’t shout ‘look at me’ and even the tallest building, New Court in the City of London, has created good views for passing pedestrians, meeting the challenge of delivering good urban design in an historic area. The 2012 RIBA Stirling Prize judges have a difficult job to select a winner from this pool of great talent. I can’t wait to see which project they choose.”
The 2012 RIBA Stirling Prize judges who will visit the six shortlisted buildings and meet for a final time on the day of the presentation (13 October) to pick the winner are: Sir Nicholas Grimshaw (Chair) – architect and former president of the Royal Academy; Sir Mark Jones – Master of St Cross College Oxford, and former Director of the Victoria and Albert Museum; Joanna van Heyningen – architect, van Heyningen & Haward Architects, UK; Hilde Daem – architect, Robbrecht + Daem, Belgium and Naomi Cleaver – designer, writer and broadcaster.
Previous winners of the RIBA Stirling Prize include: Evelyn Grace Academy (2011) and MAXXI Museum, Rome (2010) both by Zaha Hadid Architects; Maggie’s Centre at Charing Cross Hospital, London by Rogers Stirk Harbour + Partners (2009); Accordia housing development by Feilden Clegg Bradley Studios/Alison Brooks Architects/Macreanor Lavington (2008); The Museum of Modern Literature, Marbach am Neckar, Germany by David Chipperfield Architects (2007).
The Observer is national media partner for the 2012 RIBA Stirling Prize; The Architects’ Journal is the trade media partner for the RIBA Stirling Prize.
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The following has been deemed now *UNCLASSIFIED*
Killer on Fri Apr 23, 2010 4:56 pm
****Operation Shut Down**** Started 12-15-09
Members-
Bobbyhill
Originally deemed Top Secret Classified. The operation has now been finished and closed and it has been determined that it is now safe to release the details of what REALLY whent down during the final months of the once might Virtual Military GPEO and Original Virtual World.
Summary- After many weeks and months of an all time i guess you could say "depression" in the virtual world, it was abvious that everything was slowly dieing and falling off the face of the earth. GPEO was once again at an all time low in active members, with none to be recruited. All other virtual militaries were either disbanding, or running off to other worlds. Many attempts were made by the GPEO command staff to revive and possibly save what was left of the world and itself, but nothing worked. So finally the senior members of GPEO, Dragnoxz, Bobbyhill, and Myself held a TOP SECRET meeting to officially decide what was going to happen.
During the meeting which was about 2 hours long, every possible idea was considered, including merging with other VM, joining another world, and much more. It was finally decided to see if GPEO and the world could even survive a so called, global disaster. If it was possible for all the remaining VM to reunite again and defeat the mighty opposition like seen in the FSXF and GPEO war, then maybe everything could be saved. It was determined to put everything through a sort of "Stress Test", complete plans were writtin up, these included myself eventually being exiled from all of GPEO and hated by everyone, i volunteered for those role not because i wanted to, but for the sake of GPEO and the VW.
We planned everything to the detail, timing everything just right, GPEO was purposely left without leadership while thier former !st Officer betrayed and attacked them, this was to test the surviveability of GPEO and if its members were capable of taking hold of command and fight back. The last thing i or any of was wanted to do was use Nuclear bombs, but we had to test how ALL of the VM would react when they are faced with the brink of destruction. Would they team up together and defeat the opposition, or would they scatter and seperate, some joining me and some joining GPEO.
And thats exactly what they did, scatter. Sadly, everything the operation was testing to prevent, happened, the VW turned into a state of panic and all hell broke loose, VM were left in pieces, and a quater of the world laid to waste without chance to recover. We knew that this was a life or death shot at saving the VW and would either turn out with total destruction like, it did, or save the virtual world and revive it again. I knew that if it went wrong i would left exiled and hated by everyone, i accepted that as planned, i became hated and exiled.
Everything done by Myself, Dragnoxz, and Bobbyhill was all planned and faked, me getting kicked out of GPEO, and hated by them was all planned. As we all know, this virtual world and GPEO has come to an end, GPEO has little members and is never active. We knew that dragon would be leaving for a long time after this operation and that was part of the plan, to see if we could survive leaderless. But now this VW is dead along with GPEO.
I suggest you all pack your bags and leave quietly. There is nothing left here for any of us.
I am also here to appologize for everything i did, i volunteered to take on the responsibilty of betraying you all and i am terribly sorry, i dont expect you to forgive me, but i guess thats how it is.
**** Operation Shut Down**** CLOSED
Goodbye everyone,
Former GPEO 1st Officer and Senior Officer
1st Lancer Squadron commanding Officer
Re: The following has been deemed now *UNCLASSIFIED*
rubendal on Fri Apr 23, 2010 5:07 pm
First your for GPEO, then you betray it, then you say it was all planned.
I can't wait to see what everyone says about this.
I'll give you some credit, it does make some sense how you put it.
GhostEye on Fri Apr 23, 2010 5:25 pm
Server Malfunction cannot process..............cc#ant6*O^95 pros68985^%cess SERVER ERROE E61 BR$AIN C76TRASH INMANENT893 SERVER,.,MKGNUH....................................................................................................................................................................................................
Tornado on Fri Apr 23, 2010 5:25 pm
Very well played... GPEO is gone...
Coolman2007Gold wrote: Server Malfunction cannot process..............cc#ant6*O^95 pros68985^%cess SERVER ERROE E61 BR$AIN C76TRASH INMANENT893 SERVER,.,MKGNUH....................................................................................................................................................................................................
IS that something happening to killers brain?
ADC-Ghost on Fri Apr 23, 2010 8:21 pm
Flawed plan. fail. I suggest GPEO take Archer's deal if they want to live on. restart recruiting, and get the VW back in order. ADC recruits a lot and we currently have at least 10 members, 4-6 of which are active. FSXAA is semi-active, and a new VM, OMBU is active. WCF and UCFS are gone, but I know we could bring the VW back if need be. And NOT this VW. This VW is dead, and we will leave it dead. the new VW is alive, and in infancy. We will let you in as long as you follow rules. Show up at the vUN summit tomorrow, and we shall talk. Make a creation request at www.tnvw.forumn.org
ADC-Ghost
nlairforce on Sat Apr 24, 2010 5:37 am
Killer, I accept your appology, but that does not mean its over..
I think you all acted very immature, just turning against one party and keep striking until its dead. You all seem to have no feeling of righteosness.
Killer, I "forgive" you because that is what dragon wanted... But keep in mind that i will never forget this and i hope you all know that you are losing friends with the way you are acting.
For me, i dont want any contact with you traitors again. Dragon can decide what he wants but for now its unlikely i change my mind.
Location : anywhere and everywhere
rubendal on Sat Apr 24, 2010 11:13 am
Snake there is still no proof that this operation was actually planned. If you look at the other posts that Killer had on ITTN and GPEO you will see what I mean. It just doesn't look right to 'piss GPEO members off' etc. and all the other negative things that Killer said and then come back here and say that it was all planned and that hes 'sorry' that he had to do this.
Killer on Sat Apr 24, 2010 11:29 am
I don't expect you to believe any of this, why would you? But i swear i'm being honest.
I had to make myself hated by you all of you so none of this would be found out about
Last edited by Killer on Sat Apr 24, 2010 11:30 am; edited 1 time in total
nlairforce on Sat Apr 24, 2010 11:30 am
Did you read what i said killer???
Razgriez on Sat Apr 24, 2010 11:33 am
It's best that we trust his word, in my openion anyway
GPEO Member
Location : airborne
We will get some clarification once dragon gets on and sees this.
When will he be on
rubendal on Sat Apr 24, 2010 12:09 pm
I'm not sure. Soon hopefully.
Air Wolf246 on Sun Apr 25, 2010 4:59 pm
Hey Killer, I accept your apology and I wish you good luck. Weather or not this is true is up to personal opinion. By the way, is Bobby leaving GPEO planned too' ' Thank you Killer and see you later.
Air_Wolf2-4-6
Air Wolf246
rubendal on Sun Apr 25, 2010 5:06 pm
Nice to see some people at least willing to forgive Killer. I will do the same, if he is telling the truth. I'm not sure about bobbys joining ADC being planned. Somehow I don't think so, but I can't prove it.
Killer on Mon Apr 26, 2010 4:52 pm
No, bobby leaving had nothing to do with it.
nlairforce on Sat Jul 10, 2010 11:04 am
This officially is Bullshit! killer told me myself
rubendal on Sat Jul 10, 2010 7:48 pm
I kinda thought so. I still want dragon to see this.
nlairforce on Sun Jul 11, 2010 2:00 am
rubendal on Sun Jul 11, 2010 4:46 pm
I wasn't saying you or killer were lying, $nake, I just wanna see Dragons reaction. And Killer you call that fun? There are easier ways to have more fun. I think that was kinda ruining fun for ppl.
rubendal wrote: I wasn't saying you or killer were lying, $nake, I just wanna see Dragons reaction. And Killer you call that fun? There are easier ways to have more fun. I think that was kinda ruining fun for ppl.
I gave Killer a piece of my mind in another post. I told ya all he is a "Pscychopat" No remorse, other than his personal satisfaction. The only reason he stayed with GPEO is becausehe though it was the best, and he was right, because it was, and he wanted to be on the winning side. When he though GPEO was a lost cause, he left to try and destroy it, his ego and self-centered conciousless self had no empathy for GPEO, or anyone else for that matter. Look up "Pscychopathy" and you aill get a picture of Killer, holding a puppy over a blender, with no expressio other than a slight smile, just before slowly placing it into the blender. Do you see what I am saying. He is a "True" Evil, one that is only curable by our "Medical Bullets," if you know what I mean. Ignoring his lies to distrupt us would be a good idea, trust me, I have recently delt with one of them pscychopaths, the only reaction was his plea to stop me from caving his face in as I desplayed my relentless punishment on that FUCK. I passionatly hate Pscychopaths, and given the chance I would kill off every one of them. And I would have no remorce or empathy toward any one of them, no guilt as they would have no guilt as they harmed others for their one ammusement.
OK I was pretty sure that this was a lie, but now we have confirmation, because it did sound somewhat plausible.
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4 Ways Technology Improves Council-Manager Relations
The ballots have been tallied. The yard signs have vanished. The town halls are over.
Local government elections for 2016 may be over, but when it comes to relationships with the governing body, city and county managers will feel the election’s effects in the months and years ahead. From educating new councilmembers to implementing policy to engaging and informing citizens, managers must build constructive relationships with their elected bodies. Modern technology helps.
In this video, you’ll see how the cities of Capitola, CA and Sausalito, CA used OpenGov’s management reporting and transparency software to improve relationships with the governing body.
Watch this video to learn:
How to build meaningful candidate or new-member orientations with an online transparency and reporting solution
How to improve public meetings and answer questions on the fly with interactive reports and data visualization.
How to increase the odds of budget adoption by explaining decisions and trade-offs with management reporting.
How to inform residents so they don’t perpetuate rumors.
Adam Stone
Adam joined the OpenGov team in October and is excited to get started helping people across the country. Prior to joining the Opengov team, he served as the first Controller for Greenwood Indiana for five years. He holds an active CPA license and received a Bachelors Degree in Accounting and Finance from Indiana University.
In his spare time, Adam plays basketball, plays the drums, and attends a men's small group through his church. He's the proud owner of a rescue puppy and a large, spirited cat. He enjoys going to concerts and King's Island with his girlfriend, Laura.
MARK WELCH
Mark Welch serves as finance director for the City of Capitola, CA. Before joining Capitola, Mark was Santa Clara’s Principal Financial Analyst and Assistant to the City Manager for the City of Sierra Vista. Mark holds an MPA from the University of Oregon and a BA from the University of California, Santa Barbara.
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© 2018 OpenGov Inc. | Privacy Policy
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Interstate Collaboration for Human Security: The Lessons from Copenhagen
Submitted by admin on 26. November 2010 - 12:06
Dahl, Arthur Lyon
Prof. Dr. Arthur Lyon DAHL
Paper presented at the 6th ECPD International Conference on National and Inter-ethnic Reconciliation, Religious Tolerance and Human Security in the Balkans - The Human Security Concept Implementation, Brioni Islands, Croatia, 28-29 October 2010
Climate change from anthropogenically-induced global warming is a perfect example of the need for interstate collaboration. The threats to human security are already evident in extreme events such as the floods in Pakistan affecting 20 million people, and the fires in Russia putting pressure on global food prices. Sea level rise alone from global warming could displace at least 100 million people in this century. Climate change is a planetary problem affecting all states, with common but differentiated responsibilities. It is also a major ethical issue: the rich can afford to adapt and thus refuse to mitigate their greenhouse gas emissions by changing their lifestyles; the poor have no means to adapt and will suffer the greatest impacts (Dahl 2007; Dahl 2010b).
The United Nations Conference on Climate Change in Copenhagen in December 2009 demonstrated the difficulty of getting all nations to collaborate and reach consensus, even on a scientific issue where the evidence is overwhelming (Dahl 2010a). What started as a simple Conference of the Parties to the Framework Convention on Climate Change and its Kyoto Protocol became a summit on the future of the planet. The weight of scientific opinion was assembled at the International Climate Change Science Congress in March 2009 with 2,000 experts attending (Richardson et al. 2009). As a counterweight, vested economic and political interests funded a massive campaign by climate sceptics to destroy confidence in science. Civil society raised expectations to a high level, with 35,000 accredited representatives in Copenhagen and thousands more who could not participate directly because of the limited capacity of the conference venue.
At the conference, the conflicting interests of states were evident, represented at the two extremes by small island developing states pleading for their survival, and oil producing countries defending their main source of revenue. Under the consensus rule, any one state could hold all the others hostage to its self interest. Only a dramatic last minute effort by the US President to hammer out an agreement with Brazil, China, India and South Africa prevented complete failure while marginalizing the rest of the world.
Copenhagen demonstrated the failure of the present intergovernmental machinery, including the United Nations, to be able to respond even to an urgent problem of human security. It showed that a system that gives primacy to national sovereignty and self-interest is incapable of managing global problems. The short-term interests of national political leaders and multinational corporations weigh more heavily than the common good. The failure of most industrialized states to meet their engagements to reduce greenhouse gas emissions under the Kyoto Protocol also showed that states were untrustworthy and could not be counted on to respect even their legally-binding commitments. In the absence of trust or some mechanism for monitoring and accountability, most countries hold back waiting for the others to act. The result is a paralysis of will.
For the Balkans, there are obvious lessons to be drawn from this failure at the global level to act for interstate collaboration on human security, in spite of the scientific imperative and the evident human and economic consequences:
1. The fundamental importance of trust
It is difficult if not impossible to sign an agreement with someone you do not trust, and in the absence of any mechanism to enforce the agreement. Measures to establish good will and to prove trustworthiness are an essential prerequisite to reconciliation and interstate collaboration. These can start in domains that are not too politically sensitive like environmental protection or natural disaster preparedness and response. Developing a sense of trust among negotiators at a personal level can also help.
2. The need to acknowledge the priority of the common interest
Quarreling among the crew on a sinking boat is counterproductive when all efforts should be devoted to stopping the leak. The common threat, or the advantages of collaboration, need to be made sufficiently clear that they outweigh the inevitable short-term sacrifices for each party.
3. Consultative mechanisms in which all seek the best outcome for the collective whole
The negotiating process should be based on an honest and transparent sharing of different perspectives and needs in the search for an outcome most advantageous for the human security of the whole Balkans region. In most cases this will come through collaboration among all of the states and unity in diversity, reducing threats between states and achieving a critical mass and economies of scale when faced with the pressures of a globalizing world.
4. A just balance of conflicting interests, with compromise and equitable compensation where necessary
There are inevitably areas where there are conflicting interests, and winners and losers, in any collaboration. Rather than the outcome being determined solely by the balance of power and wealth, human security requires compromise and sometimes compensation, so that everyone feels that the efforts and benefits are shared equitably. Only an agreement that is seen as just and equitable by all parties and stakeholders will achieve the support necessary for its implementation.
Human security is best advanced when interstate collaboration is founded on commonly agreed ethical principles implemented in an open and transparent process that earns the support of the public.
Dahl, Arthur Lyon. 2007. Ethical Challenges of Climate Change. Paper presented at the 11th Conference of the International Environment Forum, Ottawa, Canada, 12 October 2007.
Dahl, Arthur Lyon. 2010a. Climate Ethics and the Copenhagen Summit.
Dahl, Arthur Lyon. 2010b. Human Security and Climate Change: The Ethical Challenge, pp. 124-131. In Takehiro Togo and Negoslav P. Ostojic, editors, National and Inter-Ethnic Reconciliation, Religious Tolerance and Human Security in the Balkans, Proceedings of the Fifth ECPD International Conference. European Center for Peace and Development of the University for Peace established by the United Nations, Belgrade.
Richardson, Katherine, Will Steffen, Hans Joachim Schellnhuber, Joseph Alcamo, Terry Barker, Daniel M. Kammen, Rik Leemans, Diana Liverman, Mohan Munasinghe, Balgis Osman-Elasha, Nicholas Stern, and Ole Wæver, 2009. Synthesis Report from Climate Change: Global Risks, Challenges and Decisions. International Scientific Congress on Climate Change, Copenhagen, 10-12 March 2009. Copenhagen, University of Copenhagen. http://climatecongress.ku.dk/
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TechTechnology
The european Commission decision on the network of the provider of security soon: Gabriel
Mariya Gabriel, the EU Commissioner for the Digital Economy and the Society, the addresses of the Facebook Gathering conference in Brussels, Belgium, 23 January, 2018. REUTERS/Yves Herman
BARCELONA (reuters) – The European Commission will decide soon about entry criteria for telecom network vendors, the Digital Internal Market Commissioner Mariya Gabriel said, adding she understood the concern that the blocking of Chinese companies lead to a delay of the rollout of 5G services.
“When 5G networks are mission-critical, networks need to be safe,” Gabriel said in a keynote at the Mobile World Congress, the telecommunications industry is the most important annual meeting.
The US government has been lobbying allies in the bar Chinese vendors, led by Huawei on national security grounds, saying Huawei is close to the Chinese government-posed a national security risk and the equipment was open to cyber espionage. The company denies the allegations.
Sources told Reuters that the EU executive is considering proposals that could lead to a de facto ban on Huawei.
The GSMA lobby group, which represents operators and is hosting the Mobile World Congress, has proposed a Europe-wide testing regime to strengthen the security of the network. Leading members oppose a ban, which they say lead to a delay of up to 5G per year.
“Let me assure you that the Commission takes your concerns seriously,” Gabriel told telecom managers. “No one is helped by premature decisions based on a partial analysis of the facts.”
They added, however, that the 28-member states of the EU should take a decision soon to avoid the risk of individual countries, which could lead to a fragmentation of the block in the common market.
“We all know that the fragmentation of the damage of the digital internal market,” says Gabriel, adding that the Commission would “take steps quickly” on the issue.
Reporting by Douglas Busvine; editing by Jason Neely
The indian parliament panel seeks written responses from Twitter
Weak investment climate main 5G risk, not for safety reasons: Ericsson
LONDON (Reuters) – The new prime minister needs to make a decision as to whether or not to include chinese Huawei in Britain and 5G telecom network is an urgent debate, the damage to international relations, a powerful committee of BRITISH...
(Reuters) – Microsoft Corp’s (MSFT.O) on Thursday beat analysts ‘ forecasts for fourth-quarter revenue and earnings, primarily driven by the continued growth of its cloud business, and to send the shares to all-time highs. A FILE...
to connectVideoApollo 11 astronaut, Michael Collins, reflecting on the 50th anniversary of the historic moon landing Michael Collins, said NASA should focus on Mars missions. Apollo 11 astronaut Michael Collins wants to be in the us to try and see...
Microsoft sales beat expectations, as a cloud, the growth slows down
(Reuters) – Microsoft Corp’s (MSFT.(O) beat analysts ‘ estimates for fourth-quarter sales and profit on Thursday, even as its sales growth began to slow in order for the cloud product, Azure, and Office software. A FILE PHOTO of...
He said, looking closely at Amazon’s bid for a $10-billion Pentagon contract
Staff will talk to the front desk of the boat’s office, in the borough of Manhattan in New York city, New York, New York, USA, May 1, 2019 at the latest. REUTERS/Carlo Allegri WASHINGTON (Reuters) – U.S. President Donald Trump, said on...
India will rearrange the Moon and the mission for Monday
to connectVideoFox News Flash, important news, July 18, Fox News Flash, important news for the 18th of July here. Check out what to click on Foxnews.com India’s space agency in Chennai, announced the launch of a spacecraft to the south pole of...
‘Feisty’ gator in Oklahoma dies of a severe maternal infection,’ the zoo says
to connectVideoTennessee police warn against flushing meth down the toilet in order to prevent the creation of meth, you In Tennessee, police advised the local population from disposing of the drugs down the sewer system in order to prevent the...
Horrible amputated limb, a French howitzer shell, was discovered at the Battle of Waterloo site
to connectVideoVolcanic the eruption may have led to Napoleon’s Waterloo defeat According to a new study, Napoleon Bonaparte was defeated at Waterloo, could be the result of electrically charged volcanic ash ‘short-circuit’ in the...
74 billion tons of fake snow on the Antarctic to be able to save coastal cities from climate change, researchers say
to connectVideoFox News Flash, important news, July 18, Fox News Flash, important news for the 18th of July here. Check out what to click on Foxnews.com The spraying of trillions of tonnes of fake snow-it may sound like something cooked up by a...
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The Joffrey Ballet Announces Winners of the Choreographers of Color Award
Winning Works
THE JOFFREY BALLET ANNOUNCES WINNERS OF THE CHOREOGRAPHERS OF COLOR AWARD: Three aspiring choreographers will present World Premieres at the Harris Theater, March 1, 2014
CHICAGO – November 4, 2013 – The Joffrey Academy of Dance, Official School of The Joffrey Ballet, is pleased to announce the winners of the Third Annual Choreographers of Color Award: Justin Allen, Stefanie Batten Bland and Norbert De La Cruz III. This announcement follows a national call for artists to submit applications, which began in July. The Choreographers of Color Award was created to recognize promising young minority choreographers whose diverse perspective will ignite creativity in the field of dance. Each of the three selected choreographers will be given a minimum of 30 rehearsal hours to set a new work on the Joffrey Academy Trainees. Each winning choreographer will also receive a $2,500 stipend and an opportunity to work directly with Joffrey Academy Artistic Directors, Alexei Kremnev and Anna Reznik. The three World Premieres will be presented in Winning Works: Choreographers of Color Awards 2014 at the Harris Theater for Music and Dance, 205 E. Randolph Drive, in one performance only, Saturday, March 1, 2014 at 7:00 pm.
Joffrey Ballet Artistic Director, Ashley Wheater states “gesture and movement likely preceded speech as the first form of human communication. Even now, though we have developed languages as diverse as the people who populate the earth, dance remains a “universal” language. People from all backgrounds dance, and communicate, without sharing words. Dance is a powerful bridge. With Choreographers of Color, we celebrate all that is different and all that is universal amongst us.”
Stefanie Batten Bland adds to Mary Batten and Ed Bland's artistic legacy of writing and music with her own layer of dance. She has been recognized as a 2010-12 Baryshnikov Arts Center Artist in Residence and a Jerome Robbins "NEW Fellow," and a 2011-12 Cambridge Who’s Who of Professionals and Entrepreneurs. Stefanie has danced for Bill T. Jones/Arnie Zane Dance Company, Pal Frenak, Georges Momboye, Pina Bausch Tanz Theater Wuppertal, Lar Lubovitch, Julie Taymor and Angelin Preljocaj, among others. Stefanie created Company Stefanie Batten Bland in 2008 in France so that she might better investigate the human condition and our relationship within the natural world. Her works are based in dance, with a strong instillation component which allows futuristic worlds to take place in space and time. The troupe has performed live and via dance cinema, throughout Europe, Asia, Africa and the States. Stefanie has also set pieces on Ailey ll, Danceland of Singapore, Zenon Dance Company of Minneapolis and is currently guest choreographer for Transitions Dance Company of London.
Justin Allen was born in Baltimore, Maryland and began his dance training at the Baltimore School for the Arts. In 2004, he began his training at The Rock School for Dance Education and completed his education in the Rock Academics Program Alliance. From 2004-2008, he spent his summers training with the Miami City Ballet School. In 2008, Justin received his first opportunity to dance as a professional guest artist with The Dayton Ballet, which led to him receiving his first professional contract. In 2009, Justin joined The Ballet Theatre of Maryland where he performed as a soloist and in 2010 he became full time faculty and a choreographer at The Rock School.
Norbert De La Cruz III was born in Bayombong, Nueva Vizcaya, Philippines and raised in Los Angeles, California. He began his artistic journey at 13 years of age by training at the Gabriella Foundation in LA, The LA County High School for the Arts, ABT NYC, San Francisco Ballet, Miami City Ballet, Lines Ballet, NWPDP, NDT Summer Course. Norbert graduated from The Juilliard School in 2010 with a BFA in dance. Upon graduation, he balanced a career as a professional dancer, photographer, and emerging choreographer. Norbert has danced professionally as a soloist with the Metropolitan Opera House, Aszure Barton & Artists, Jchen Project, Balletto Teatro di Torino (Italy), Gallim, Sydney Skybetter & Associates, Lustig Dance Theatre, Aspen Santa Fe Ballet, and Complexions Contemporary Ballet. He has performed works by some of our world's most current and historically renowned teachers and choreographers including Jose Limon, David Parker, Adam Hougland, Johannes Wieland, Ohad Naharin, Aszure Barton, Jerome Robbins, Larry Keigwin, Jeremy McQueen, Jessica Chen, Dwight Rhoden, Desmond Richardson, Lightfoot & Leon, Crystal Pite, Alonzo King, and Jiri Kylian.
Norbert was awarded the 2012 Jerome Robbins Foundation’s NEW Essential Works Grant - commissioning his first ballet with Aspen Santa Fe Ballet (ASFB). He was also the 2012-2013 finalist winner of Hubbard Street 2’s National Choreographic Competition and received the 2012 Princess Grace Foundation Award Fellowship under choreography – granting his second creation for ASFB. As a result, he received the 2013-2014 Alvin Ailey New Directions Choreography Lab under the mentorship of Igal Perry and guidance and host of Mr. Robert Battle. He continues to pursue his passion in choreography and movement and thrives to continue dancing with a high emphasis on his artistry as a means to manifest progressive change in the dance world.
The Winning Works program will also include a restaging of Le Roi S’Amuse by Alexei Kremnev.
Tickets for the Choreographers of Color Award 2014: Winning Works at the Harris Theater are $20 in advance or $25 at the door and will be available as of January 13, 2014 by calling the Harris Theater Box Office at 312-334-7777 or online at www.harristheaterchicago.org.
About the Joffrey Academy Trainees
Students are selected to participate in the Trainee Program by invitation from The Joffrey Ballet Artistic Director, Ashley Wheater, and Academy Artistic Directors, Alexei Kremnev and Anna Reznik. The Trainee Program is a rigorous program in which students train in ballet and other dance disciplines. Graduates from this program have been accepted into ballet companies around the world, including The Joffrey Ballet, American Ballet Theatre, Estonian National Ballet, Polish National Ballet, Staatsballet Berlin, Dresden Semperoper, Atlanta Ballet, Cincinnati Ballet, Tulsa Ballet, Dance Theatre of Harlem, Ballet Met, Richmond Ballet, Complexions and many more.
Trainees rehearse and perform classical and contemporary works from The Joffrey Ballet’s extensive repertoire and have the opportunity to work with world-renowned guest choreographers.
For more information on the Academy Trainees of the Joffrey Ballet, or other programs at the Academy of Dance, Official School of the Joffrey Ballet, please visit joffrey.org/academy
© Joffrey Ballet. All rights reserved.
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Judo Terms
Judo Clubs
Mastering Kuzushi
Judo Dictionary
The Gentle Way
Judo Throws
HISTORY OF JUDO
The origin of Japan’s martial arts is vague, and what we know of it, is more legend than truth. However, the takenouchi-ryu martial art system founded in 1532 is considered the beginning of Japan’s jujitsu forms. The system’s founder taught jujitsu in a structured and methodical manner.
For the next several hundred years, the martial arts were refined by Samurai who made a lifetime study of some twenty or thirty martial arts. Of these arts only one was based on weaponless self defense — jujitsu. By the mid-1800’s more than 700 different jujitsu systems existed. The most popular were takenouchi-ryu, jikishin-ryu, kyushinryu, yoshin-ryu, mirua-ryu, sekiguchi-ryu, kito-ryu, and tenshin-shinyo-ryu; the last two were instrumental in Judo’s development.
It was during this time that Japanese politics disintegrated into disarray. Commodore Perry’s visit to Japan in the mid-1850’s also changed Japanese civilization by opening up a new world to them. In 1868 Imperial rule was restored (Meiji Restoration) and the decline of the Samurai class started along with a rapid decline in all martial arts. Although the government did not officially ban the martial arts, people were not encouraged to learn or practice them since the state was considered more important than the individual. Jujitsu literally fell into disuse. What was once the glory of the samurai was now looked down on and many well established jujitsu schools began to disappear.
If the budo concept was to survive the Meiji Restoration, it had to change and become a tool to cultivate an individual and make him a better person for the good of all. As a result budo found a home in physical education and sport.
Sport provided teamwork which was good for all and also developed the individual. It was a complete physical education; not just a game. Although self defense techniques were included in the training, emphasis was on using the techniques in a holistic manner. Dr. Jigoro Kano is credited with jujitsu’s survival of the Meiji Restoration. He took jujitsu and adapted it to the times. His new methodology was called Judo.
In 1882, Dr. Jigoro Kano (The Father of Judo) made a comprehensive study of these ancient self defense forms and integrated the best of these forms into a sport which is known as Kodokan Judo.
ON THE FOUNDING OF JUDO
In the seaside town of Mikage, near Kobe, Japan, Jigoro Kano was born on October 28, 1860. In 1871, Kano’s family moved to Tokyo.
As a boy, Kano was an undersized, slender, weak, and sickly child with one sickness after another. Against his doctor’s advice, Kano decided to do something to improve his health and at the same time learn how to defend himself against bullies. At the age of 18 he enrolled in the Tenjin Shinyo ryu school of jujitsu. Under the guidance of Fukuda Hachinosuke, Kano began his long journey to physical well-being. The Tenjin Shinyo ryu was a soft martial art that stressed harmony rather than combat, yet at the same time included striking and grappling techniques.
After studying at the Tenjin Shinyo ryu, Kano transferred to the Kito ryu school to study under Tsunetoshi Iikubo. This brand of jujitsu was much softer and stressed moderate workouts with attention given to freedom of action, the abstract symbolism connected with physical technique, and throwing techniques.
It was during these times that Kano began a comprehensive and systematic study of other forms of jujitsu such as sekiguchi-ryu and seigo-ryu. He started this project out of respect for his masters, but he soon he craved for a mental knowledge that was lacking in their teachings. He sought to understand the superior control that his teachers had mastered. He also studied the manuscripts developed by the founders of various schools, the I Ching, (Book of Changes), and Lao-Tsze’s philosophy.
Around 1880 Kano started rethinking the jujitsu techniques he had learned. He saw that by combining the best techniques of various schools into one system he could create a physical education program that would embody mental and physical skill. In addition, he believed that the techniques could be practiced as a competitive sport if the more dangerous techniques were omitted.
So in 1882, having pulled from ancient jujitsu the best of its throws and grappling techniques, added some of his own, and removed such dangerous techniques as foot and hand strikes. Kano at the age of 22, presented his new sport–Judo. He called this sport Kodokan Judo. The term Kodokan breaks down into ko (lecture, study, method), do (way or path), and kan (hall or place). Thus it means “a place to study the way.” Similarly Judo breaks down into ju (gentle) and do (way or path) or “the gentle way.”
Kano established his Judo school, called the Kodokan, in the Eishoji Buddhist temple in Tokyo which grew in size and later moved. The first Kodokan had only 12 mats (12 feet by 18 feet), and nine students in the first year. Today the Kodokan has over 500 mats and more than a million visitors a year.
Kano’s devotion to Judo did not interfere with his academic progress. He pursued his study of literature, politics and political economy, and graduated from Tokyo Imperial University in 1881.
In 1886, because of rivalry between jujitsu schools and Judo, a contest was held to determine the superior art. Kano’s Judo students won the competition easily, thus establishing the superiority of Judo, its popular principles and its practical techniques.
The categorization of Kodokan Judo was completed about 1887. The Kodokan had three broad aims: physical education, contest proficiency and mental training. Its structure as a martial art was such that it could be practiced as a competitive sport. Blows, kicks, certain joint locks, and other techniques too dangerous for competition, were taught only to the higher ranks.
Starting in 1889 Kano left Japan to visit Europe and the U. S. He traveled abroad a eight times to teach Judo and several times to attend the Olympics and its committee meetings. Often in the face of extreme hardship, several of Kano’s students devoted their lives to develop Judo in foreign countries.
In 1892 Judo began to spread its wings across the world when Takashima Shidachi lectured the Japan Society in London on the history and development of Judo.
In 1895 Kano classified the Judo throws into the Go Kyo No Waza. In 1900, the Kodokan Dan Grade Holders Association was established.
On July 24, 1905, representatives of the leading jujitsu schools (ryu) of Japan, gathered at the Butokukai Institute in Kyoto to agree upon the forms of Kodokan Judo and to continue the development of the technical forms of the sport. The ancient jujitsu techniques of each particular school were to be preserved in kata (pre-arranged form) for posterity.
In 1907, Gunji Koizumi arrived in the United States to teach Judo.
In 1909, the system underwent a big change and the Kodokan became an official Japanese foundation. In the same year Jigoro Kano became the first Japanese member of the International Olympic Committee
By 1910 Judo was a recognized sport that could be safely engaged in and in 1911 it was adopted as a part of Japan’s educational system. In the same year, the Kodokan Judo Instructors’ Training Department, Kodokan Black Belt Association and Japan Athletic Association were formed. Beginning with the fifth Olympiad in Stockholm, Kano attended every Olympic Game and International Olympic Committee meeting and became a leading figure in international sport.
Kodokan Judo underwent an evaluation by its members in 1920. The Go Kyo No Waza was revised to include only 40 throws. Eight throws from the previous classification were discarded.
Judo in Europe in 1921 — osotogari, osotomakikomi, seoinage
In 1921 the Judo Medical Research Society was born.
The Kodokan mottoes, Seriyoku-zenyo (maximum efficiency) and Jita-kyoei (mutual welfare and benefit), emphasize moral and spiritual training in addition to the physical training of Judo. The ultimate goal of Judo was to perfection the individual so that he can be of value to society. This spiritual phase developed gradually and was completed around 1922. In the same year the Kodokan Cultural Judo Society was established.
In his lifetime, Kano attained a doctorate degree in Judo, a degree equivalent to the twelfth dan, awarded to the originator of Judo only. He constantly worked to ensure the development of athletics and Japanese sport in general, and as a result is often called the “Father of Japanese Sports.” In 1935, he was awarded the Asahi prize for his outstanding contribution to the organizing of sport in Japan during his lifetime.
Apart from being an innovator and administrator, Kano was also a skilled player as testified to by a high-ranking Judoka who, when asked about his experience in competing against Kano, said, ‘It was like fighting with an empty jacket”!’
While returning home from an IOC meeting in Cairo where he succeeded in having Tokyo nominated as a site for the 1940 Olympics, a lifetime devoted to Judo ended when Kano died of pneumonia aboard the S. S. Hikawa Maru on 4 May 1938, at the age of seventy-eight years .
World War II saw a different development of Judo. Instead of being used for sport, Judo was being taught as a combat skill. Those selected for commando and special services training often achieved a high standard of expertise.
When Japan hosted the 1964 Olympics, Judo was given its first opportunity as an event. Of the sixteen medals awarded for Judo, Japan won three gold medals, and one silver medal. Judo was no longer a Japanese sport but had developed to become an international sport.
For more than sixty years the structure of Kodokan Judo had not changed. However in 1982 the Kodokan revised the Go Kyo No Waza by reintroducing the 8 techniques that were discarded in 1920 and by adding 17 new techniques. These sixty-five techniques became known as “The 65 Techniques of Kodokan Judo.”
There have been two main developments in Judo over the years. The first was the introduction of weight categories. In the early days, weight differences were not considered important. Everyone fought everyone else, with the result that, if two players were equally matched in skill, the bigger man usually won. There was much opposition to the introduction of weight categories. Some masters feared that it meant the end of Judo as a skillful art. Initially there were three categories, and later this was made into five. Inclusion of the sport in the Olympic Games in 1964 helped to hasten this important reform.
The second development was the teaching of Judo to children. In the early days, it was thought much too dangerous to teach children because they would not have the self-discipline to avoid using it outside the club. Today many clubs are composed largely of junior membership.
There are different styles of Judo. With its inclusion in the Olympics, there has been a shift toward a contest style practice. In clubs where this style is taught, practice becomes largely a continuous contest. Other schools stress skill. They favor repetitive movements to make them instinctive, and the development of speed through practice with little resistance. Such clubs usually also teach the kata,. Such clubs could be considered traditional Judo clubs.
JUDO IN THE UNITED STATES
America’s first introduction to Judo was in the late 1800’s. In 1904, Yoshitsugu (Yoshiaki) Yamashita, one of Kano’s students, traveled to the US and taught this Japanese sport to Theodore Roosevelt and West Point cadets. Although many local clubs and regional associations developed, attempts to organize Judo on a national basis were not successful. During the early 1930’s Judo was taught at several colleges in California. In 1932 Kano lectured on Judo at the University of Southern California. In this same year four US Judo associations were formed and later became recognized by the Kodokan as representatives of American Judo.
In 1949, Ruth Gardener became the first foreign female student to study at the Kodokan. Her objective in visiting Japan was to study for second degree black belt ranking. One of the first Japanese women to travel overseas to teach Judo was Keiko Fukuda, now 9th dan. She traveled to Australia and the Philippines, and settled in the United States to live.
It was not until after World War II that American Judo began developing on a national basis. Many American servicemen studied Judo in Japan during the occupation and then returned home to teach it. As a result the Armed Forces Judo Association (AFJA) was established.
American Judo received a further boost in the early 1950’s when General Curtis Lamay required its teaching to US Air Force personnel in the Strategic Air Command. In 1953 Judo was officially recognized as an AAU sport and national tournaments have been held since.
Kano made drastic changes in ancient jujitsu to suit the needs of his time; the acceptance of change is inherent in Judo. Everything about this martial art encourages us to make changes as required. In today’s globalization of people and economy, Judo will undergo tremendous change. Its adaptability lends itself to the changing needs of society and the individual.
Today Judo is enjoyed by more than 400,000 men, women and children. There are many reasons for learning Judo. Judo provides exercise, relaxation, sport, an interesting challenge, balance, coordination, self-protection and self-confidence. Judo offers a fellowship unlike other sports, and develops a keen desire to coordinate mind and body. One soon realizes that sheer weight, height, strength, and age are not the governing factors of one’s ability.
– Sourced from JudoInfo.com
A gem cannot be polished without friction,
nor man perfected without trials.
…..Chinese proverb
Fusegi
Gokyo
Goshin Jutsu
Kogeki Seyo
Mudansha
Shime Waza
Ōuchi gari
Uki Goshi
Harai Goshi
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Talking about Gender
Wow. There's been a lot of talk about gender at philosophy blogs lately. I think it would take me all day to recapitulate. But it started with this essay by Kathleen Stock, here, and ended with the long comment thread at Feminist Philosophers, here. Here are a bunch of things I find odd and puzzling.
It's odd that so many feminists in the FP thread seem to go along with the idea that theorizing about gender is primarily the job of trans folk. After all, there's already a voluminous philosophical literature about what sex/gender is, much of it written under the assumption that gender concepts matter to all women (and men). In fact, in much of this literature, authors explicitly announce that they don't want to just describe gender, but carve out an "ameliorative" concept of gender--a concept that is constructive for feminist purposes. Surely the concept that's ameliorative for trans women isn't necessarily the same as the concept that's ameliorative for other women. If "nothing about us without us" (such a great motto--it's taken from disability activism) then all women—no, all people—have to be free to participate in the debate about what gender is.
Here's another thing I find mighty puzzling. In the Feminist Philosophers thread and elsewhere, the message I get is that you've got to be an asshole not to think that trans women are women, and trans men are men. (I've seen this said verbatim, though maybe not in that thread.) I wonder what is actually meant by this. I do think you have to be an asshole not to verbally categorize people as they please and not to use the gender pronouns people prefer. Well, either uninformed or an asshole. But what does the non-asshole think about people's genders? I am really not sure. In fact, I'm not even sure what trans philosophers want us to think. (Maybe they don't all want us to think the same thing?)
Take, for example, the highly regarded views of Talia Mae Bettcher. Her view in the article "Trans Identities and First Person Authority" is that people have a sort of ethical authority about their gender. If someone makes a gender avowal ("I am a woman") then others ought to defer. She has a bunch of nice analogies. If your date says "I want to go home now" it's inappropriate to assess whether it's true that she wants to go home. Her avowal is sufficient to make you have to take her home. So we are to defer to people's avowals about gender, period. But the deferral is ethical--it's something less than "you believe it so I believe it."
I actually find her article fairly murky, so I'm not bringing it up to say I'm entirely on board or to explain it thoroughly, but just to say that there seem to be much more nuanced views out there besides "trans women are women and if you don't think so you're an asshole."
One last confession of bewilderment. I'm surprised that Kathleen Stock thinks that the Gender Recognition Act in the UK has so many disadvantages for cis women. It seems to me that in the US, this view is almost never expressed by anyone but transphobic, homophobic, conservative nutjobs. They make up spurious worries that reasonable people should ignore. But (it seems) there are people on my side of the political spectrum (like Stock) who think there are legitimate worries. Hmm. I am skeptical but willing to read.
Labels: gender, transgender
s. wallerstein said...
I'm glad to see that you spoke out on this issue.
I've read the different articles on gender that Letelier has linked to recently, but I'm too out of this debate to have a firm personal opinion.
As you say, it's just good manners and basic common sense to refer to people as they prefer to be referred to and to use the gender pronouns which they prefer. But that's a long way from requiring people to think in a certain way about who those people "really" are if (and this is a real question) if we (people in general) are "really" someone or rather something. I think that maybe questions about biological sex (which is fairly easy to ascertain) get mixed up with questions about identity (who we are) and I've never quite understood who I am or who anyone is.
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Research Information Management System
Prof. Kibor Alfred
“Isolation of Secondary Metabolites from Teclea nobilis and Rapanea melanophloes active against Schistosoma mansoniIsolation of Secondary Metabolites from Teclea nobilis and Rapanea
1. Prof. Josphat Matasyoh,
Martin Njogu Kimani MSC student Chemistry
Grant amount
KES. 400,000
Egerton University Chemistry Department
Helminths belong to two major groups: platyhelminthes and nemathelminthes (Ijagboneand Olagunju, 2006). Nemathelminthes include roundworms, hook worms and whip worms which cause high morbidity and mortality in humans and animals. These parasites are common in sub-Saharan Africa due to multiple factors which include poor hygienic conditions, poverty, malnutrition, ignorance, lack of clean water as well as limited access to preventive measures and health care(Zvi et al., 2010). Gastrointestinal parasites have also been reported to be a major menace facing animals and birds. These parasites are known todiminish the animals’ survival, growth rate and reproductive performance thus affecting their overall production. A study conducted in Kenya, showed that Helminthiosis accounted for the second most important disease accounting for 21% of the deaths from parasitic conditions, between 1989 and 1998 in chicken (Permin et al., 1999).It has been estimated that more than 750 million chickens, guinea fowls and ducklings in Africa die each year as a result of various infections, helminthosis being a major contributor (Maturet al., 2010). Therefore, the economic and social impact of helminth cannot be underestimated with the effect in human and livestock ranging from stunted growth, reduced weight gain, diarrhoea,anaemia, respiratory problems, reduced productivity and death especially in the tropics and developing countries(Jozef et al., 2011;Velkers et al.,2011). The use of synthetic drugs has been effective in treatment and control of helminth infections However, development of anti-helmintic resistance, the presence ofdrug residues, deficient livestock extension services and the high cost of conventional anti-helmintics, has led to the evaluation of medicinal plants as an alternative source of anti-helmintics for treatment of human and livestock diseases.
Project Start
Project End
Expected outputs
1. Use of natural products from Rapanea melanophloeos and Teclea nobilis for the treatment of Schistosoma mansoni infection in humans Results from this study shows that both the four furoquinoline alkaloids and the essential oil from T. nobilis leaves as well as the two Myrsinoic acid compounds from R. melanophleoes have potential applicability in the control of S. mansoni miracidia. This study underscores the fact that bioactive plant constituents can be useful agents in the control of Schistosomiasis. These findings also show that these compounds can be used as lead compounds in the development of new, biodegradable, environmentally benign and more potent anti-helmintics. 2. New knowledge on the use of chemical compounds from medicinal plants for the treatment of parasitic diseases 3. New knowledge on the structural composition of volatile and non-volatile compounds from Rapanea melanophloeos and Teclea nobilis
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HOME | BUSINESS | INTERVIEWS
The Rediff Business Interview/Srichand Hinduja
'Business people, journalists, politicians have hurt me, inspired me. My book will tell all'
There are two Srichand Hindujas. One is SP, patriarch of one of the world's richest families. Tough, aggressive, controversial; the man who keeps doubling the fabled Hinduja wealth every few years. The other is Sri, shy, circumspect, deeply spiritual, who is still trying to recover from the trauma of losing his son a few years back. While everyone knows SP, Sri rarely emerges to speak out his mind on issues that move him the most deeply. As the business tycoon did, in this unusual encounter in New York with Pritish Nandy.
What is this Vedic research that the Hindujas are promoting in Columbia and Cambridge? What do you hope to achieve through this kind of campus research? A Hindu renaissance?
There are many popular misconceptions about Hinduism. The obvious one is the fact that we tend to see it as a religion, a faith. Nowhere in the scriptures is there any reference to Hinduism. Or, for that matter, to Hindutva as it is now described.
Dharma is not religion. It is the law that governs all action. For centuries the world has misinterpreted this and, out of this misinterpretation, has come most of the misconceptions about Hinduism. Words like Hindu or Hinduism are anachronisms. They did not exist in our cultural lexicon. We coined them to suit our needs in different points of history. They ought to be re-examined, re-assessed, re-valued.
Jesus was not a Christian. Buddha was not a Buddhist. Mahavir was not a Jain. Moses was not a Jew. Nanak was not a Sikh. They were all great teachers who arrived at critical moments of history and imparted simple solutions based on love, faith, harmony. It was their followers who created religions and sects, which led to distinctions between man and man, often leading to conflict instead of the love and peace they spoke of.
But what is wrong with a revival of faith? In many countries of the world, religion has become a political and cultural rallying point for people. It has brought them together despite all their differences. Differences of colour, culture, ethnic diversity.
Maybe. But, in the process, their true value is being lost. The lessons that we have learnt from our scriptures are being forgotten. The products that we (as India) could have marketed to the world. That is what I am persuading our researchers in different universities to address. To find out the real products of our culture, our civilisation-- products that we can market to the world today. Once we discover these, the immediacy, the relevance of the Vedas will be obvious.
I will give you a simple example. I was giving a talk the other day at one of these universities and I asked them a very easy question. If you can have mind, if you can have consciousness -- things that doctors and scientists cannot see -- why can't you have a soul? What is the difference? Our science, our technology accept the existence of consciousness. They acknowledge the fact that the human mind exists even though they cannot see it. But they are reluctant to accept the idea of a soul. Why?
What is the soul, according to you?
There are two things we have no control over. Birth and death. All we have control over is the brief interregnum between birth and death and yet we are so proud of this! We do not realise that this means so little. It is so short-lived. The soul is that which lights up this period. Before it enters the body, nothing exists. After it leaves the body, nothing matters. Whether you are a king or a pauper, whether you are rich or poor, famous or a nobody. Nothing matters when the soul vanishes. It is like energy, power, electricity. It activates. The moment it is switched off, everything dies. People who worshipped you when you were alive will run around worrying about how to get rid of your lifeless body, by either burning it or burying it.
Look, Pritish, I am not educated in the scriptures. I do not even known Sanskrit. It was my son Dharam who led me into the Vedas. He was steeped in the scriptures and, when he passed away in such tragic circumstances, I stepped aside from the family business and started taking more interest in these subjects. My brothers are there. The family is there, to look after the business and I am always available to them. But now my interests are in those areas that Dharam was so keen on.
What are these areas and what specific research is taking place?
The research is in three specific areas. One, oncology. That is, medical science. The science of the body. Two, culture. Multi-cultural dialogue. The dialogue between different civilisations, different people. Communication between them. The interface between nations. Three, environment. That is the science of the world around you and, I dare say, within you. It is no use studying and trying to upgrade the external environment if we are not ready to probe and repair the internal environment. That is what I wrote to several world leaders, among them Tony Blair, when he said that the environment is a crucial concern for Britain. These three areas of research will throw up, I believe, insight into the future of man.
What is the future of man, in your view, and how can an understanding of the Vedas help us to figure this out and cope with it?
Every one of us faces the dilemma of Ram. But not all of us know how to deal with it, how to use the crisis as an opportunity to learn how to cope with life. Ram was just a few hours away from being crowned king of Ayodhya and suddenly He learnt that His father wanted Him to go away to the forests for 14 years, in exile. But He did not protest. He did not show His anger, His disappointment with Kaikeyi, His stepmother who had engineered the palace coup. Instead, He went to her and asked if there was any other wish of Her's that He could fulfil. There was no disappointment, no anger, no loss of faith. "I am off to be the king of the forest", He cheerfully told his real mother, "for that is what my father has willed".
That is the most important lesson of the story. That is the product we can sell the world. How to remain strong despite all adversity. How not to allow anger to seize you. Not to let disappointment derail you, take you away from your true understanding of life. The experience of how to face adversity and conquer it bravely, convert it into an advantage. That is what the Vedas teach us.
How has it taught you this in your private life? Do you forgive and forget easily?
There is no question of forgetting and forgiving. It is a question of using experience as knowledge, hurt as wisdom, adversity as challenge to a better understanding of life. I am writing this book, they are my Stars, which lists the people who have hurt me and injured me the most in my life.
This book lists each one of them -- in India, England, America -- politicians, business people, journalists, people who have used every opportunity to cause me pain and damage. I have thanked them in my book and shown how each of them actually inspired me, spurred me on to greater success, greater achievement. My book is a tribute to them. To my detractors. For they have made me what I am today.
Dharma also taught me how to overcome my intense personal grief and transform it into a meaningful and relevant mantra. A mantra of hope. That is what keeps me going today.
Tell us what you think of this interview
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Jim Ecker has some big shoes to fill. As the new Sports Director for KMRY Radio, Jim steps into the position following the passing of the legendary Bob Brooks. Jim is more than ready, though. He has a long history of sports reporting and is a veritable fount of information on everything sports.
Jim, a native of Yonkers, N.Y., graduated from the University of Michigan in 1974 with a degree in journalism. He founded and serves as President and Editor of the MetroSportsReport.com, an extremely comprehensive website covering metro-area sports from high school through college and area pro teams. Jim spent 27 years as a sportswriter at The Gazette and was recently the information director at Perfect Game USA. He was named Iowa Sportswriter of the Year in 1995.
We welcome Jim to the KMRY family.
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Eventually, Madlax and Margaret meet and embark on a search for Quanzitta Marison, a Gazth-Sonikan mystic who supposedly knows about Margaret's book
The first half of the series alternates between the two leads. Madlax is one of the most efficient special ops agents for hire in the war-torn Gazth-Sonika, while Margaret Burton is a sleepy, clumsy amnesiac living in Nafrece, a country styled after France. When a "picture book", presumably given to Margaret by her late father, attracts the attention of international criminal network Enfant, she discovers that the origins of the book lie in Gazth-Sonika. Enfant's top operative, Carrossea Doon, tracks Margaret down but tips off his superiors in the wrong direction, towards Madlax, who has been causing Enfant trouble for some time. Meanwhile, Vanessa Rene, Margaret's former tutor whose parents died because of Gazth-Sonikan war,discovers that her current employer, Bookwald Industries, covertly supports the war by supplying both sides with firearms and starts investigating its true cause. Her investigation brings her to Gazth-Sonika, where Madlax is hired as her bodyguard, and together, they uncover data that proves that Enfant orchestrated the entire conflict. Enfant eventually intercepts them and they are forced into hiding. Back in Nafrece, Margaret decides to help Vanessa and travels to Gazth-Sonika, accompanied by her devoted and sometimes overprotective maid Elenore Baker and Carrossea Doon.
Eventually, Madlax and Margaret meet and embark on a search for Quanzitta Marison, a Gazth-Sonikan mystic who supposedly knows about Margaret's book, Enfant's involvement with it, and Enfant itself. Lady Quanzitta does indeed tell them about Enfant and its plans to plunge the entire world into a total war, starting with Gazth-Sonika. She reveals that Enfant's leader Friday Monday possesses supernatural powers connected to the three ancient books, one of which belongs to Margaret. Margaret uses her own supernatural abilities and that of her book to return her lost memories. Carrossea, who has been aiding Margaret, requests that his memories be restored as well despite warnings not to do so; he discovers that he, in fact, died 12 years ago and held on to life only by sheer force of will to protect Margaret. Carrossea disappears, and Margaret is captured by Monday who intends to use her abilities to advance his own plans
While Margaret and Carrossea perform the ritual, Madlax is attacked by Limelda Jorg, a Gazth-Sonikan sniper who holds a grudge against Madlax ever since she failed stop an assassination by Madlax earlier in the show. Limelda kills Vanessa while targeting Madlax, sending the latter into clinical depression. Elenore and Lady Quanzitta's servant Nakhl manage to restore Madlax's will to live and persuade her to save Margaret, and the three storm Enfant's headquarters together. During the assault, Elenore is killed and Margaret, now under Monday's control, shoots Madlax. Believing her to be dead, Monday commences a ritual to unleash people's inhibitions and trigger worldwide anarchy; but Margaret's memories return and she snaps out of his mind control. Only now does the audience learn the back-story: back in 1999, Monday drove Margaret's father insane with his powers and she was forced to kill her own father. To escape the horrible truth of her patricide, Margaret split herself into three personae: the "memory keeper" Laetitia, the sinful Madlax, and the innocent Margaret herself. Margaret then fuses her three personae back together to undo the ritual she previously performed with Monday, saving the world from insanity. Madlax, who should no longer exist after the fusion, appears and guns down Monday. It becomes apparent that Margaret has once again split herself into three, judging that after twelve years, she no longer has the right to make decisions for her other personae.
Posted in Film by 0nly Y0u | 0 comments
Madlax (Madorakkusu) is a 26-episode Japanese anime television series produced in 2004 by the Bee Train animation studio
Madlax (マドラックス , Madorakkusu) is a 26-episode Japanese anime television series produced in 2004 by the Bee Train animation studio. Kōichi Mashimo directed Madlax and the soundtrack was composed by Yuki Kajiura. The DVD version was released by ADV Films in North America and the United Kingdom and by Madman Entertainment in Australia and New Zealand.
The story revolves around two young women who seemingly have little in common and do not know of the other's existence at the beginning. The titular Madlax is a legendary mercenary and assassin in the fictional civil war-torn country of Gazth-Sonika, who cannot remember her past or indeed her real name before twelve years ago, when the war started. The other protagonist is Margaret Burton, the sole heir of a wealthy aristocratic family in the peaceful European country Nafrece. Twelve years before the story begins, an airliner Margaret and her mother were on crashed over Gazth-Sonika, and its passengers, as well as Margaret's father who lead the rescuers, have been missing ever since. Margaret, however, mysteriously traveled back to Nafrece on her own, losing her memories prior to her return; the only thing she recalls is a single word, "Madlax". With this thread linking the two girls, they both independently start investigating the powerful crime syndicate Enfant after its enigmatic mastermind shows interest in both of them.
Madlax was produced as a spiritual successor to the studio's earlier project, Noir, and together with El Cazador de la Bruja, these series constitute a trilogy exploring the "girls-with-guns" genre. The production of Madlax began in 2002 but it wasn’t until Yōsuke Kuroda joined the project that the series took its final form. While the critics noted the resulting similarities between Noir and Madlax, they also acknowledged the differences, such as the latter's less episodic and more plot-driven style and, in particular contrast to the predominantly realistic Noir, incorporation of many supernatural elements, which the audience must often interpret without further explanation.
The secret hiding-place of the sword can be found with "Kakan no Madonna" - Leonara...
The main character is Leonora, the daughter of an impoverished noble of Padua. She is a beautiful silver-haired, emerald-green-eyed girl and very good at fighting with the sword.One day, she is forced to marry an arrogant young noble, but she discovers on the day of their wedding that this man intends to use her to become king of Italy because she is involved in an ancient Italian legend:Leonara is the girl shown on "Kakan no Madonna" (Madonna of the Flower Crown), a famous painting drawn by Leonardo DaVinci. There exists a legend that tells whoever gets the legendary sword "Emerald Lion" will unite and rule over Italy. And the secret hiding-place of the sword can be found with "Kakan no Madonna" - Leonara...In order to find out the truth of the portrait's secret related her and to hide her identity as Kakan no Madonna, Leonara disguises herself as a black-haired boy, Leo, and sets out to find DaVinci. On the way she meets Falco, the blond-haired handsome king of Naples, who is unaware that she is a girl, and becomes his servant.When she finally finds DaVinci, she hears with surprise that she - the girl portrayed in Kakan no Madonna - is destined to possess the legendary Emerald Lion and therefore to become queen of Italy.
Posted in Cute Manga by 0nly Y0u | 0 comments
First appearing in the anime during the Aoi Fest, Chihaya, or Yamase as Kazuki calls her, is Kazuki's childhood friend and is in the same year as Kazu
Chihaya Yamase (山瀬 千早, Yamase Chihaya)
First appearing in the anime during the Aoi Fest, Chihaya, or Yamase as Kazuki calls her, is Kazuki's childhood friend and is in the same year as Kazuki at Aoi Academy. Tsukiji describes Chihaya as a comet that circles around and visits our system every once in a while. For most of their childhood, Chihaya did everything she could to prevent Kazuki from using any of his magic. However, when they got older, Kazuki began avoiding her making her feel like Kazuki hated her.
Chihaya makes three appearances in the anime series, the first appearance during the Aoi Fest when she asks Kazuki if their classes would join together to produce a play. However after the festival, Chihaya moves away. Chihaya's second appearance occurs when the students of Aoi Academy take a field trip to Kyoto after Kazuki has become a ghost. It is through her that it is learned that each of the girls contains a portion of Kazuki's ashes.
Chihaya makes one final appearance at the very end when she visits Kazuki. Even though his ashes returned from all four girls, Kazuki has not return to normal. It is soon revealed that Kazuki made the same promise to Chihaya as he did with Yuna moments before Kazuki met Yuna. Chihaya believed that Kazuki made it snow for her and that misunderstanding led Kazuki to avoid her. Because of that event, Yuna and Chihaya jointly hold the last portion of Kazuki's ashes.
In the novel, Chihaya was a character in the side stories that was released along with the novel, but not part of the main story itself. In the side stories, Chihaya is not Kazuki's childhood friend but just a student from another class that had a crush on Kazuki. Chihaya is a shy and inward character and does not have the proper chance to convey her feelings to Kazuki.
Voiced by: Mai Nakahara (Japanese), Luci Christian (English)
Dr. Haruaki Akai (紅尉 晴明, Akai Haruaki)
It is through Dr. Akai's monologue at the beginning of the series that the world of Maburaho is explained. The resident (and rather bishōnen) doctor of Aoi Academy, Dr. Akai is a formidable wizard with great powers of his own. Despite his laid-back appearance, he has Kazuki's best interests at heart. Throughout the series Dr. Akai uses a variety of eye lenses that he carries around and through which he uses his magic. Dr. Akai is quite smitten with Kaori Iba, and sometimes comments to her that he has a "special bed" in the nurse's office just for her.
Dr. Akai's main interest in Kazuki is that of a research subject, especially after Kazuki becomes a ghost. During the recap of events in episode 20, he reveals that this is the second time he has seen someone's body being restored after their ashes had been scattered. But while he knows how to restore Kazuki's body, he does not reveal the information to Yuna, Kuriko, or Rin.
Voiced by: Kōji Tsujitani (Japanese), Jason Douglas (English)
Shino Akai (紅尉 紫乃, Akai Shino)
Shino enters the story after Kazuki becomes a ghost. She attempts to capture Kazuki and make him part of her ghost collection, but is thwarted by her older brother, Dr. Akai. Afterwards, she becomes an assistant under her brother, but she still tries to make Kazuki part of her collection for personal reasons. At the end of the series, it is revealed that she along with Karei, Kazuki's dorm manager, were in a similar situation as Yuna, Rin, and Kuriko and tries her best to convince them that restoring Kazuki's body is pointless. She is powerful with seals and great in combat exceeding both Kuriko and Rin. She does not hate Kazuki, but feels that a tragedy will repeat itself if the girls persist on their goal. It is hinted that she has feelings for Kazuki since her brother had asked her why she kept hesitating to put Kazuki into her collection, even though she could have done so at anytime. It is also believed that Shino and her brother, Dr. Akai and Karei are somehow "ghosts" as in episode 23 she flashes back on when Japan was still in the era of Warring States, and how the Manager told her to "keep her promise", like they promised long ago during the era of Warring States.
Voiced by: Yoshino Takamori (Japanese), Monica Rial (English)
Elizabeth (エリザベート, Erizabēto)
It is explained in the story that Elizabeth is a ghost of a young girl who was once a member of a noble family during the Holy Roman Empire. Elizabeth is first introduced in the third episode when she "moves in" to Kazuki's dorm room. She once lived in an old mansion that was located between the girls and boys dorms until a group of real-estate agents from the Kazetsubaki group drove her out. After Kazuki and Yuna make an unsuccessful attempt to retrieve a suit of armor for her, Elizabeth creates a magical vortex which sucks Yuna in. Elizabeth threatened to torture her so Kazuki uses his magic to save Yuna, who ended up being tickled instead of tortured. Kazuki's magic resulted in the girls dormitory being pulled toward and merging into the boys dorm.
When Elizabeth sees Kuriko, who resembles Elizabeth's mother, lift up a helmet, it reminded her of a knight that guarded her and Elizabeth adopts Kuriko as her new mother. From then on, Elizabeth lives in Kuriko's chest and often tries to help Kuriko with Kazuki. When Kazuki becomes a ghost at the midpoint of the story, Elizabeth tries to gives him advice in order to cheer him up. She also seems to get mad easily, and then starts to use her magic to destroy things in anguish.
Voiced by: Kimiko Koyama (Japanese), Sasha Paysinger (English)
Karei Hirosaki (尋崎 華怜, Hirosaki Karei)
Through most of the series Karei is seen sweeping in front of the boys dorms, which she manages. She is always seen wearing a sexy, black funeral outfit and often appears to be watching out for Kazuki, even after he becomes a ghost. At the end of the series, it is revealed that she along with the ghost collector, Shino, were in a similar situation as Yuna, Rin, and Kuriko. However, unlike Shino, Karei views that it is better for a person to be alive, even without their memories, than to remain a ghost.
While never directly stated in the series, there are strong hints that the man that Karei and Shino once loved is related to Kazuki. The first is that Karei pledges to watch over her love from the background, something she still does with Kazuki. Second is that Karei's love was a Shinto priest, while Kazuki is also descended from a line of Shinto priests. And finally is an overlay between Karei's love and Kazuki as Karei reminds Shino of their pledge to watch over their love.
Voiced by: Emi Shinohara (Japanese), Kelly Manison (English)
Kaori Iba (伊庭 かおり, Iba Kaori)
Yuna and Kazuki's homeroom teacher for the class of 2-B. She seems like a student herself, as she rarely if ever truly tries to exercise control over the class of 2-B. Instead, she enjoys spending her time playing video games, sometimes playing them while in the middle of teaching a class.
Voiced by: Junko Noda (Japanese), Christine Auten (English)
Class 2-B
Class 2-B is the most troublesome class at Aoi Academy. During the entire series, the students of the class are always coming up with schemes to make money and getting into fights which destroy parts of the school building. The more notable members of the class are:
Yukihiko Nakamaru
He's a greedy individual who pretends to be Kazuki's best friend, but is extremely jealous of Kazuki's relationship with Yuna and would try to exploit Kazuki's abilities for his own personal gain. In just about every case, his schemes always backfire, hurting him the most.
Voiced by: Ryō Naitō
Sayumi Morisaki
She's a member of a rival house of Rin Kamishiro and is the only class member who does not participate in the class's schemes. Her clan happens to be masters of unarmed combat, and though she does not take part in the long-standing feud between her family and Rin's, she does want to compete honorably with Rin to finally determine who is the best.
Voiced by: Akeno Watanabe
Kazumi Matsuda
An equally opportunistic girl who is often Nakamaru's foil.
Voiced by: Masumi Asano
Maiho Kurioka (栗丘 舞穂, Kurioka Maiho)
Maiho is another of Kazuki's classmates. Maiho was introduced in the original novel just as the script for the anime series was finishing. At first, Shinichiro Kimura, director of the anime series, wanted to bring Maiho into the series but decided to focus on the relationships between Kazuki, Yuna, Kuriko, Rin and Chihaya, though Maiho does make an appearance in the final episode. According to Newtype USA, Maiho has the ability to neutralize magical powers. Because of this, she often tags along with Kazuki in order to keep his magic in check, much to Yuna's irritation.
Voiced by: Chiemi Chiba (Japanese), Cynthia Martinez (English)
Posted in Cute Amine by 0nly Y0u | 0 comments
Character bios are taken from the perspective of the anime.
Primary characters
Kazuki Shikimori (式森 和樹, Shikimori Kazuki)
The male protagonist, Kazuki, is a second year student from an elite magic school, Aoi Academy, with serious social problems, and because he has a low spell count of only eight spells, most of the other students, especially the girls, would not notice him until his magical heritage is revealed. He is the most powerful character in the series.
Overall, Kazuki is a good person and helps others by using his magic, even when that means that he runs the risk of turning into ash. His selflessness and kindness eventually wins over the hearts of Rin and Kuriko. He is at times indecisive and uncourageous, but he prevalently shows his honest nature and his sense of doing the right thing.
Voiced by: Daisuke Sakaguchi (Japanese), Blake Shepard (English)
Yuna Miyama (宮間 夕菜, Miyama Yuna)
Yuna, the typical harem anime "housewife", transfers to Aoi Academy to become Kazuki's wife and even first introduced herself as "Yuna Shikimori" to the rest of Kazuki's class. Yuna is the only one who actually cares for Kazuki from the very beginning instead of just being interested in his genes. As the series progress, Yuna becomes extremely possessive of Kazuki and becomes very jealous when other girls show any kind of interests in him.
Using flashbacks, it is explained that Yuna and Kazuki first met each other when they were still children. Yuna was crying because she was about to move away, but after hearing Kazuki introduce himself as the greatest magician in the world, she begged him to use his magic so that she and her parents would not have to move. Instead, she settles on having him make it snow on a warm summer's day with a promise to become Kazuki's bride if he can do it.
Tsukiji states in an interview in Newtype USA that Yuna was the first character that "popped" into his head, so he created the two other characters to be different from her.
Voiced by: Hitomi Nabatame (Japanese), Jessica Boone (English)
Kuriko Kazetsubaki (風椿 玖里子, Kazetsubaki Kuriko)
At the beginning of the story, Kuriko's only interest in Kazuki is to obtain his genes for the wealthy and influential Kazetsubaki family and the stature that goes with being the mother of a powerful sorcerer. A third year student and a member of the student government, Kuriko takes great pleasure in flirting with Kazuki and teasing Yuna. Often she will appear out of nowhere into Kazuki's arms or lap right in front of Yuna or use her body, charm, or her family's resources to seduce Kazuki. Of the three girls, Kuriko demonstrates to be the most knowledgeable with regards to magic and the politics surrounding magic. She has an extremely high magic count, and it is considered to be among the strongest, though it is nowhere near as strong as Kazuki's. Near the beginning of the series, Kuriko finds herself playing "mother" to the ghost girl Elizabeth after an incident that resulted in both the boys and girls dorms merging together by one of Kazuki's magical spells.
Voiced by: Yuki Matsuoka (Japanese), Tiffany Grant (English)
Rin Kamishiro (神城 凜, Kamishiro Rin)
The third prominent female character, Rin is a competent swordswoman and a member of the Kamishiro branch family. Rin has a reserved and dignified personality and always dresses in a samurai-style kimono that is suitable to her warrior nature. Rin is ordered by the head family to secure Kazuki's genes in order to ensure the Kamishiro family's dominance, which according to Kuriko, has been weakening because of the number of branch families. At the beginning of the story, Rin would prefer to kill Kazuki than be forced to marry someone who, in her words, has bad grades, no athletic prowess, and no redeeming values. However, as the story progress, she gradually softens up to Kazuki and even begins to smile after witnessing his kindness and compassion towards others, including herself. Kazuki is the only one who could eat her horrendous cooking, and was totally honest about it.
Voiced by: Yuka Inokuchi (Japanese), Kim Prause (English)
Maburaho is set in a world where every character has the ability to use magic, however everyone's magic is not equal
Maburaho is set in a world where every character has the ability to use magic, however everyone's magic is not equal. Each person in the story has a different degree of magic and a set number of times that they can use their magic. The average person is able to use magic less than a hundred times, however some people are able to use magic several thousand times. Because of this, a person's social standing is determined by the number of times that he or she can perform magic. If someone uses up all of their magic, his or her body turns to ash and is scattered into the winds.
The series first introduces us to Kazuki Shikimori, a second year student from an elite magic school, Aoi Academy. However, unlike his classmates, Kazuki can only use his magic eight times before he turns to dust. As a result, he is at the bottom of the school's social pecking order. However things change one day when Yuna Miyama shows up in his dorm room and declares that she is his wife. Moments later, Kuriko Kazetsubaki and Rin Kamishiro appear at Kazuki's dorm, the former in order to obtain his genes and the latter to kill him to escape her obligation to marry him. Kazuki learns that he is a descendant of most of the world's greatest magicians from both the eastern and western worlds. Even though he has a feeble spell count, his offspring has the potential of becoming a powerful magician.
Despite his weak spell count, each spell he performs is treated as an epic event. Kazuki's magic is referred to as the most powerful magic in the world able to achieve miracles. Due to Kazuki's kindness, his spell count begins to drop as he uses his magic on behalf of each girl. First by making it snow in the middle of summer to cheer up Yuna. Second by pulling Yuna out of a vortex that also merges the boy's and girl's dorms together. Kazuki uses his magic again to destroy two Behemoths in order to save Kuriko, who was unable to defeat them. And then, Kazuki reverses time to save Rin's homemade box lunch. And finally to save his childhood friend Chihaya Yamase after a monster summoned by Kazuki's classmates appeared at the school festival.
Each event leaves an impression on the girls and they attempt to keep Kazuki from using any more of his magic and eventually search for ways to increase his spell count. However, their attempts fail when half way through the series Kazuki uses the last of his magic to save Yuna from a magical retrovirus. However, while Kazuki turned to ash and the ashes scattered, his ghost remains.
At this point in the story, Shino Akai appears in order to capture Kazuki and add him to her ghost collection. The girls try to protect Kazuki from Shino and eventually learn that Kazuki's ashes had been scattered into each of their own hearts. But before Kazuki's ashes were completely returned to him, Shino informs Rin and later the rest of the girls that this is not the first time someone's ashes have been scattered and later restored. However, when Kazuki's ashes are returned to him and his body restored, he will lose all of his memories. Knowing this, the girls still return Kazuki's ashes to him. At the very end of the anime series, it is shown that instead of losing his memories as a side effect of restoring his body, Kazuki has now split into ten different bodies.
In the novel, the side effect of Kazuki's restoration was gaining a special magical body that can cause disaster to the whole world if he lets out his magic powers. Another side effect of Kazuki's restoration is the overflowing of his magical powers every now and then causing minor mishaps and sometimes great chaos.
Posted in Beauty Manga by 0nly Y0u | 0 comments
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News From External Sources Operating System News Mac OS News Apple to Announce New MacBook, MacBook Pro, and Possibly MacBook Air at WWDC
Apple to Announce New MacBook, MacBook Pro, and Possibly MacBook Air at WWDC
May 16, 2017 Juli Clover
Apple is planning to announce refreshes for its notebook lineup at its upcoming Worldwide Developers Conference set to take place in June, reports Bloomberg. New versions of the MacBook and MacBook Pro are expected to be announced, and Apple is also considering updating the MacBook Air, its most affordable notebook.
The MacBook Pro, which was just updated in October with a slimmer design and a Touch Bar, will be refreshed with a faster Kaby Lake processor, an update from the Skylake processors in the current machines. It will look the same as the current model, adopting only internal updates.
Apple has been working on a custom-designed ARM chip that could handle low power features in the MacBook Pro, but the chip may not be ready for the June MacBook Pro refresh.
Apple’s MacBook, last updated in April of 2016, will gain an updated processor, also likely to be in the Kaby Lake family.
Apple has not updated its MacBook Air since March of 2015 and has been phasing it out in favor of the MacBook and the MacBook Pro, both of which are now thinner than the “Air” model, but Bloomberg suggests Apple is thinking about refreshing it with an updated processor, which would mean the MacBook Air could stick around for at least another few years as a low-cost notebook option. Sales of the MacBook Air “remain surprisingly strong” due to its affordability.
The new notebooks are likely to be announced at Apple’s June 5 keynote, which is set to kick off at 10:00 a.m. Pacific Time. Rumors also suggest Apple could use the event to introduce both a new Siri speaker and the long-rumored 10.5-inch iPad Pro, which is said to feature slimmer bezels for a nearly edge-to-edge design.
Today’s report makes no mention of the iMac or Mac mini, two of Apple’s desktop machines that have not been updated in some time. It has been more than 580 days since the iMac was last updated in October of 2015, and more than 940 days since the Mac mini was updated in October of 2014.
Apple has said it has updated iMacs in the works, but it is not clear when the machines will debut.
Related Roundups: MacBook Air, MacBook Pro, WWDC 2017, MacBook
Tag: bloomberg.com
Buyer’s Guide: MacBook Air (Don’t Buy), MacBook Pro (Neutral), MacBook (Don’t Buy)
Original article title: Apple to Announce New MacBook, MacBook Pro, and Possibly MacBook Air at WWDC.
This full article can be read at: Apple to Announce New MacBook, MacBook Pro, and Possibly MacBook Air at WWDC.
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Usain Bolt Wins Olympic 100m Gold | London 2012 Olympic Games by Olympic 7 years ago
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Jamaican Usain Bolt sets a new Olympic record as he retains his 100m Gold medal at the London 2012 Olympics on the 5 August 2012.
Fellow Jamaican Yohan Blake finished second, with USA's Justin Gatlin taking the Bronze medal in the event.
Subscribe to the Olympic channel: http://bit.ly/1dn6AV5
Since 1896, athletics has been on the programme of each edition of the Games of the Olympiad. Its presence on the Games programme has allowed its popularity to increase across the world. This popularity was also strengthened by the creation of the IAAF in 1912. Women's events appeared for the first time at the 1928 Olympic Games in Amsterdam, while the men's programme was standardised as of the 1932 Games in Los Angeles. Although at the beginning women were authorised to participate in only some events, today their programme is almost identical to that of the men.
Find more about Athletics at www.olympic.org/athletics
Find more about the Olympic Games at www.olympic.org/olympic-games
Follow your favourite athletes on the Olympic Athletes Hub: http://hub.olympic.org/
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Mac cheerleaders win crown
Beat reigning champs in county squeaker
Posted Thursday, March 14, 2019 12:57 pm
MacArthur beat Freeport High School, last year’s county champions, by less than half a point.
Alexandra Dieckmann/Herald-Citizen
The General Douglas MacArthur High School varsity cheer team placed first in the Nassau County Division I small school competition on Feb. 24.
A couple weeks before nationals, something just clicked, and they started working really well together.”
Jacqueline Day, Wantagh coach
By Alexandra Dieckmann
In a tense day of competition, the General Douglas MacArthur High School varsity cheer team edged defending champion Freeport High School by less than half a point to take first place in the Nassau County Division I small school competition at Hofstra University on Feb. 24.
“They had so much talent this year that it was too good to go to waste,” the MacArthur squad’s assistant coach, Shannon Pratt, said. “They really tried. They pushed for it.”
MacArthur’s win was its first championship in cheerleading. In addition to Freeport, the other competing schools in the division were, Baldwin, Hewlett, Long Beach, Oceanside and Syosset.
MacArthur Head Coach Jacqueline Day said the team peaked at the right time, before the Universal Cheerleaders Association national competition in Orlando, Fla., in early February. There the squad placed third out of 35 teams in the medium D2 division. “A couple weeks before nationals, something just clicked, and they started working really well together,” Day said. “When they got down to nationals, they hit all three rounds — prelims, semis and finals. They continued it to counties.”
The team finished 10th in its division at the state championships earlier this month in Rochester. Team members and coaches were disappointed, Day said, but, she added, “Overall, they had an amazing season doing things they had never done before. . . . This team was truly a family this year, and we’re going to miss our seniors.”
The MacArthur team comprises 18 cheerleaders — four “flyers,” four “backs,” eight “bases” and two alternates. Kayla Lesak, one of the flyers, shared some insight into how their role is unique. Most audience members at cheer competitions, she said, don’t know as much about the sport as the participants. “If something were to happen — say I fall at a competition — I feel like all the blame would come to me,” she said. “But from the coaches’ point of view, or judges’ point of view, I don’t think it’s that much different, because we all have a job to do.”
Karena Checco, a senior, said that Freeport was a good team to compete against throughout the season. “We were ecstatic when we won, because we weren’t expecting it, and they were the reigning champs from last year,” she said. “[Beating them] was really one of the best moments we had this whole season.”
Junior Gianna Tannazzo said she considered it a privilege to be a member of the MacArthur team. Teammate Kelly Cook agreed. “I remember being a little girl, always wanting to be on the MacArthur varsity cheer team,” the senior said with a smile.
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The Rachel Funari Prize For Fiction 2019
album review: sigur ros, kveikur
In June 2013, Sigur Rós released their seventh studio album, Kveikur. I’ll spare you the history lesson, but essentially, Sigur Rós and especially the band’s lead singer, Jónsi Birgisson, are producing some of the most creative music today. In my mind, I equate what both Sigur Rós and Jónsi in his solo career are doing as what it must have been like hear David Bowie in the 1970s. Simply put, the band is Icelandic “post-rock”, whose sound is a host of majestic, ethereal soundscapes driven by equal parts melodic arrangements built around using a cello blow across electric guitar strings instead of playing it normally and Jónsi’s falsetto vocals. The band also doesn’t usually sing in English (except for one song off their 2008 album Með suð í eyrum við spilum endalaust), instead preferring a mix Icelandic and a made up language called “hopelandic”, which is kind of like what jazz singers do when they’re “scatting”.
I used to listen to Sigur Rós a lot in high school and university because it was the best studying accompaniment – it filled the background with beautiful, melodic music, but since it was in another language it really wasn’t all that distracting. Their album Takk… was basically the soundtrack to my undergraduate thesis and I can’t imagine reading academically without “Sæglópur” or “Hoppípolla” in my headphones. Then I saw the band perform live a couple times and Jónsi perform solo once and was immediately assured that this group of musicians is some of the best our generation’s got because they’re able to capture the human connection in the music so well, despite being from a country most people never go to, not singing in a “universal” language and making music that is truly alternative to everything else that’s being recorded right now.
I was actually a little skeptical to listen to the new album because I thought it couldn’t top what I already love and I found Sigur Rós’s 2012 release Valtari to be pretty boring, except for a few songs like the bleak but beautiful “Dauðalogn” and similar title track “Valtari“. The album as a whole just wasn’t that exciting in light of their prior material, especially compared to the positive, poppy songs like “Gobbledigook” and Jónsi’s solo song “Go Do“. I didn’t want Kveikur to be more of the same of that kind of step in the opposite direction; I wanted to hear the band grow more towards uncharted territory.
And into uncharted territory they have gone. More so than any other album, Kveikur has been able to successfully balance between the ambient soundscapes against the more recent poppy elements in Sigur Rós’s sound. The first single, “Brennisteinn” as well as title track “Kveikur“, start out dark, electronic and ambient, the sound on Voltari and really everything before Takk…, but quickly burst into the more sweeping, majestic, positive, falsetto bridges and choruses that make the band’s later work so memorable. The third and fifth tracks, “Ísjaki” and “Stormur” respectively, perfectly capture everything I love about Sigur Rós: Jónsi’s vocal range and abilities are undeniable, especially highlighted against the melodic crescendo arrangements that make you feel nothing but overwhelming positivity, even though I have no idea what they’re saying. Even the weaker tracks on the album, like “Yfirbro” and the final track “Var“, are still interesting enough to keep me from skipping through.
Overall, Kveikur has captured a little bit of what the band lost after Jónsi went solo. I know I’m not alone when I say that I, for one, am glad that Sigur Rós is back and continuing to make the amazing caliber of music I’ve come to expect from only them.
This entry was posted in Arts, Music and tagged Kveikur, music, post-rock, Sigur Rós. Bookmark the permalink.
Monique on creating yourself: an interview with jill jolliffe
sajad on interview: aryana sayeed
Liz Burbrook on how I fell in love with Miriam Rothschild
Zach Piombo on SACE, or “sexist and constricting education”
equal rights on is it okay: for women to use the men’s bathroom?
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Header by George Rose, website by Connor Tomas O'Brien
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William Charles Denis Browne
Jun 9, 2013 | People
Composer, Conductor, Pianist, Organist and Music Critic
(aka The Man Who Buried Rupert Brooke)
Born in Leamington in 1888 to distinguished Anglo-Irish parents, William was educated first at Greyfriars Preparatory School in Leamington, and although he won a mathematics scholarship to Harrow, he chose instead to take up a classics scholarship at Rugby School, where he met his best friend and later comrade-in-arms, the poet Rupert Brooke.
By the age of 15 William was running the choir and playing the organ for all Sunday services at the family Church of St Mary Magdalene in Lillington. He was similarly involved in the musical life of Rugby School, and later, that of Clare College, Cambridge, where from 1910 – 1912, he was Organ Scholar.
Whilst at Cambridge both Rupert and William were active in student productions. They rubbed shoulders with many of the prominent writers, performers, musicians and composers of the day. William studied under a number of the foremost composers and practitioners of the time, and rapidly gained a reputation as pianist, accompanist, organist and conductor. The distinguished composer Ralph Vaughan Williams said of him in 1911 that he had “A most musical nature and his artistic judgement and perception are remarkable”. On graduation in the summer of 1911, William secured appointment at Repton School as assistant music master and organist. In 1912, he made a trip to Berlin, to study briefly with the renowned Ferrucio Busoni. Unfortunately, overzealous practice caused neuritis, threatening paralysis of his hands, and on his return to England, William resigned his teaching post at Repton and moved to London, where in January 1913, he became organist at Guys Hospital and conductor of the musical society. At Guys, William supplemented his income by deputising for Gustav Holst at Morley College, and conducting Choral Societies in London and Surrey. He also wrote for John Middleton Murray and Katherine Mansfield’s Blue Review and contributed occasionally to The Times, The New Statesman and The Daily Telegraph as a music critic.
He continued to compose and perform prolifically, and on Palm Sunday 1914, William’s eight-part Nunc Dimittis was performed at Westminster Cathedral. In May, he gave the London première of Anton Berg’s Sonata Opus 1, and a lecture entitled Modern Musical Tendencies before the Musical Association. In July William accompanied Stuart Wilson in a recital at 10 Downing Street. The Comic Spirit, a ballet-pantomime, intended for Bristol’s Theatre Royal, remained unfinished when war was declared in mid-September 1914. By this time, William had returned to Cambridge to complete his M A,, but both he and Rupert Brooke dropped everything to try and enlist in the armed forces. Edward Marsh, an old friend who had become private secretary to Winston Churchill (then first Lord of the Admiralty) managed to engineer commissions for both men in the 8th (Anson) Battalion 2nd Naval Brigade in the newly formed Royal Navy Division. Later that year both William and Rupert Brooke took part in the defence of Antwerp alongside remnants of the Belgian army. German forces swept through the town and on 8th October, the Belgians fled. A substantial number of Royal Naval Division troops and Belgians were interned in the Netherlands for the duration of the war, but William and Rupert Brooke considered themselves fortunate to be transferred to the 7th Hood Battalion to join the force assembling for the Gallipoli landings. After five months’ training, they set sail for the Dardanelles in February 1915.
En route to the Dardanelles, as a result of a mosquito bite, Rupert Brooke developed Septicaemia, and died off the coast of Skyros, where William Browne buried him in an olive grove. In a letter to Edward March in April 1915, William described how he sat with Rupert as he grew weaker, and died in the late afternoon, “with the sun shining all around his cabin and a cool sea-breeze blowing through the door”. William felt that “no one could have wished for a quieter or a calmer end than in that lovely bay shielded by the mountains and fragrant with sage and thyme”.
By the end of April 1915, with the onset of the battles of Krythia, William Browne the musician had become William Browne the very active soldier. In May 1915, in the second battle of Krythia, he was shot in the neck. After brief recuperation in hospitals in Cairo and Alexandria in Egypt, and barely fit, William returned to action at the beginning of June. Almost immediately, he was injured a second time in the third battle of Krythia, when, as he jumped into an enemy trench, he was shot in the shoulder and stomach. As he could not be moved, and knowing the likely outcome, William simply passed his pocket book to a Petty Officer to be returned to his family. His body was never recovered. When the pocket book was returned to his parents, they found a farewell note, written in the trench on the day of his death, 4th June He had written, “ I’ve gone now, too; not too badly, I hope. I am luckier than Rupert because I’ve fought. But there’s no-one to bury me as I buried him, so perhaps he’s better off in the long run”.
William’s death notice in the Leamington Courier on 18 June 1915 fittingly quoted Horace writing about Qunitillian: “Multis ille bonis flebilis occidit”, – (“He fell lamented by many good men”), explaining that only those who like the author of the notice had had the opportunity of being intimately associated with WCD Browne could fully appreciate the beauty of his character in which simplicity and dignity was so happily blended.
Sadly, in a letter some time earlier, William had written to Edward Dent, his former tutor, asking him in the event of his death, “to destroy any compositions that did not represent Denis Browne ( the name by which he was known to his friends and wider circle) at his best”, and so, aided by Ralph Vaughan Williams and Stuart Wilson, Dent destroyed many of his early pieces of work. Those compositions that remain are held in the archive of Clare College Cambridge and the British Library in London. Many are still performed and are available on CD.
At the beginning of June 1915 Edward Marsh, unaware of William’s death, travelled from London to Leamington to visit William’s mother and sisters. Before leaving, Edward wrote William a letter, destined never to be read. Once he learned of William’s fate, a grief-stricken Edward feared that William’s mother would blame him for William’s death, as he had pushed for the commission that took him to the Dardanelles. His fears were unfounded, as Mrs Browne assured him that she did not blame him in any way. She expressed her gratitude for what his friendship meant to William, saying that she was conscious only of the happiness which it brought into the lives of William and his companions.
Grove’s New Dictionary of Music and Musicians describes William as “ a brilliant musical mind. His posthumously published songs are particularly beautiful and the ballet suggests a rare ability to absorb new idioms”.
William is commemorated in a number of locations: – on the Roll of Honour, Rugby School, on panel 8 of the Helles Memorial in Turkey, on the War Memorials in Euston Place, Leamington, St Mary Magdalene, Lillington, St Paul’s Church, Leamington, and Clare College, Cambridge His name is also recorded at Guy’s Hospital and the Royal Naval Division War Memorial in Horse Guards Parade in London.
Let one of William’s contemporaries have the last word: In 1916 his friend, comrade and poet, Wilfred Wilson Gibson recalled Denis Browne, dedicating a poem to him in the volume entitled ‘Battle and other Poems’ It reads,
“Night after night we two together heard
The music of the Ring
The inmost silence of our being stirred
By voice and string
Though I tonight in silence sit, and you
In stranger silence sleep,
Eternal music stirs and thrills anew
The severing deep.”
For their support and help in researching and compiling this article and their permission to reproduce images, I am immensely grateful to Nick Peacey, Robert Athol, Rusty MacLean, Paul Stevens, Steve Cork, Guys Hospital London and the Commonwealth War Graves Photographic Project.
David Eason May 2012
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Preparing for Membership
A useful guide preparing you to participate in New Worlds
To become a member of the New Worlds sci-fi RPG and creative writing project we suggest you take the following steps in our suggested order so as to ensure you don't get overwhelmed!
First, get familiar with the setting by reading at least about the major powers of the setting. Give yourself plenty of time to digest the information as there is quite a lot of it!
Second, get a little bit familiar with the technology and terms by having a small read through the Omnipedia.
Third, once done you should more or less have a feeling for the setting. At this point you are ready to begin preparing your first biography. Register an account at the Member site and have a look at already existing biographies on our website. Use those as your templates for your biography.
Fourth, once your biography is ready, you can post it to "Propose a Character," a member of staff will then review your biography and let you know if there are any problems.
Fifth step: your biography is approved, you can now post it on the website on a permanent basis. To do fill out the form located under Contribute > Submit a Biography.
Sixth step: Once your biography is posted, you can now join a Target Locked writing group. To do this, go to your user profile, you must now subscribe to the writing group of your choice. Once you have joined it, you will receive private messages from the moderator welcoming you to the user group and informing you of what is going on in the storyline.
That's it! After that, it will be only a matter of time before you're invited to join an interesting story! Welcome on board, you're a member now!
The links below will be extremely useful to help you get started. Keep this page in mind whenever you are lost whilst getting started in New Worlds Project.
Read about the Major Powers:
Rosebourgs
Gohorns
Luna Minoris Confederacy
Learn the Setting
Read from the Omnipedia about the different aspects of the setting.
Learn to Make a Biography
See how others have done it by reading some of our Weapons Free biographies.
Write Your First Biography
Write one of your own and post it in "Propose a Character". Wait for the Dean of Personnel's final go ahead.
Publish for the World to See
Publish your biography on the website
Time to Make this Setting Yours
Join a Target Locked writing group by selecting them in your profile page.
The New Worlds universe is set in the early 26th century. The 26th Century is a gloomy epoch, characterised by the definite breakdown of peace in the Known Universe.
Despite having maintained peace for the better part of the 25th century, the Organisation for Interstellar Peace proves incapable of resolving a dispute amongst two of its most powerful members.
The Gohorns first declare war after having been irritated by what they perceive as Terran overt attempts to take over sovereign Gohorn territory. This war is destined to not remain a local affair.
Quickly, the Terran Democratic Republic calls upon their allies, the Rosebourg Monarchy, to intervene. The Monarchy, a behemoth of a sovereign power, is cash-strapped and needs the support of the Terrans if they hope to escape from a particularly damaging recession.
In the midst of all of this, an EU-like coalition of independent small powers, choose to remain neutral, biding time in order to organise militarily and politically. They aim to become the newest superpower on the block, something which might not be so unrealistic.
There is also a massive section of space that remains unexplored - the major powers, however, rightly believe that this unexplored space houses the remnants of the former territories of the Natashan Nation (the first space-faring power).
Like the interest surrounding the fallen Roman Empire, all the major powers were at one time particularly interested in the wonders that these former territories kept hidden. These great exploration projects have been put on hold - as the major powers mobilise for war. Starships, equipped with massive laser weaponry, and ground troops carrying heavy hover-artillery prepare to resurrect the horrors of war.
The 4 major powers in New Worlds are:
- the Terran Democratic Republic
- their allies the Rosebourg Monarchy
- the Gohorn Directorate
- and the neutral Luna Minoris Confederacy of Non-Aligned Worlds.
Players choosing to emulate characters that are citizens of any of these major powers have to take into account the various facts which have been written down about these powers. Each power, for example, isn't composed of the same species; it is important not to lose sight of these differences. It is likewise important, if you chose to play the game, that you become familiar with the major powers.This section will only briefly touch upon the crucial information.
The Terran Democratic Republic (T.D.R.)
(See our Omnipedia for more information)
The Terran Democratic Republic is the future we have imagined for humanity. Earth, united under a single banner, has known a tremendous success. Within the O.I.P., it was arguably the most powerful member commanding respect amongst the other member powers. The Terran Democratic Republic, however, became constrained by its territorial space in the late 25th century.
With the number of habitable planets diminishing in the wake of successful colonization programmes, the T.D.R. embarked on its controversial Project Atlas. Project Atlas was a colonization programme which would seek to colonise uninhabited worlds found in what was sovereign Gohorn territory. The Terrans argued that since the Gohorns could never use those worlds in any case, that it couldn't matter to the Gohorns if Terrans colonised those worlds.
It is the T.D.R's insistance on proceeding with this programme that pushed the Gohorns to attack the Republic. The United Nations Permanent Peacekeeping Force (UNPPF) have now had to take up the daunting challenge of fighting off what is no doubt the most powerful military force known to man, that of the Gohorn Directorate.
Strengths: The Terrans are reputed for having particularly skilled fighter pilots.
Weaknesses: The Terrans do not particularly excel in either space combat or ground combat.
-= Back to Top =-
The Rosebourg Monarchy (R.M.)
Allies of the Terran Democratic Republic, the Rosebourg Monarchy is one of the most technologically advanced of the major powers. Having had an earlier space expansion age than its neighbours, the Rosebourg Monarchy is geographically larger than any of the other powers. This early expansion lent it an early golden age which culminated in ambitious projects of civilisation.
Key amongst them was the exploration of the former territories of the Natashan Nation. This golden age, however, was short lived... it was quickly discovered that the Monarchy was living beyond its means. The major species in the Rosebourg Monarchy, in particular the Navaks and the Avrans, have thus had to live with a particularly damaging recession that has had the effect of making the Monarchy particularly dependent on its Terran allies.
This recession, however, doesn't mean that the Monarchy can be ignored as a power. Counting the largest and most potent star fleet, the Monarchy is still a force to be reckoned with. Despite having declared war on the Gohorn Directorate, however, Rosebourg enthusiasm for the war is quite subdued.
Strengths: The Rosebourg Monarchy have a particularly well developed star fleet, that is both superior numerically and technologically.
Weaknesses: An under-funded, mal-equipped Legionnaire force makes the Rosebourg Monarchy particularly weak on the ground. Its economy is also a mess.
The Gohorn Directorate (G.D.)
The Gohorn Directorate in particular have had a difficult time with the O.I.P. This is simply because the Gohorns are not made for sitting in nice little round tables. Having been traditionally a power which negotiated with its guns rather than with its diplomats, the O.I.P. era was particularly damaging to the Gohorn Directorate's stature as a major power.
The Gohorn Directorate is representative of a particularly well evolved species of hunters and warriors. Their belligerence is,
however, always the result of genuine grievances. In any case, a new government was formed in the early 26th century replacing a pro-O.I.P. government. This government has changed the political dynamic within the Gohorn Directorate.
Thus, the pendulum in the Gohorn Directorate is quickly shifting back to the use of its military as a negotiating tool. The result was the refusal of the Gohorn Directorate to accept the Terrans' Project Atlas without a fight. Feeling genuinely assaulted by the Terrans, the Gohorn Directorate declared war. Having not planned particularly for the Rosebourgs, the Gohorns now have to deal with a war on two fronts as a result of the Rosebourg entry into the war.
Strengths: The most powerful ground force anywhere fights for the Gohorn Directorate.
Weaknesses: A star fleet which is particularly weak against agile forces like those equipped en masse by the Monarchy and the Republic.
The Luna Minoris Confederacy of Non-Aligned Worlds (L.M.C.)
The Luna Minoris Confederacy of Non-Aligned Worlds was created as a response to the perceived lack of influence the smaller powers held within the O.I.P. Led by one of the wealthiest of these smaller powers, Luna Minoris, the Confederacy quickly grew to encapsulate more and more Member States.
Becoming since the strongest economic bloc in the known universe, the Confederacy isn't a sovereign state as such. Member States retain their sovereignty upon joining the Luna Minoris Confederacy, and attempts to create a super-state have proven unsuccesful for the time being. An ambitious project to create a join LMC military has been in the works for the better part of a decade, but the Members have been reticent about actually implementing the plans.
The Confederacy houses the most diverse groups of species in the known universe, and has chosen for pragmatic reasons to remain out of the war. Its neutrality is buying it invaluable time to get the Confederacy in a stronger position to force the peace.
Strengths: The L.M.C. has the most powerful economic base and is profiting greatly from the war.
Weaknesses: The L.M.C. has limited control of the territories under its jurisdiction; the militaries of the Member States are in varying readiness to wage a war.
New Worlds, like many other science-fiction works, is about the future and the effects the future technology has had on lifestyles. As such, any understanding of New Worlds will involve an awareness of what has changed. The technology in New Worlds is as much designed to facilitate things, as it is designed to maintain certain limitations.
In New Worlds, starships have not developed protective shields like those on Star Trek. Likewise, food replicators that remove the necessity to re-supply regularly have not been developed. People cannot 'beam' from one place to another, the technology proving too costly and dangerous to develop. Furthermore, starships have considerable weaknesses against planetary defence systems which simply outclass starship ones. Thus, any planetary invasion must necessarily happen on the ground.
Perhaps, first and foremost, the greatest advancement has been the invention of faster-than-light travel, which along with it, has rendered inter-planetary colonisation possible. Faster-than-light travel research in New Worlds was advanced considerably by the discovery of vortex space.
Starships equipped with a vortex-drive, are capable of travelling at faster-than light speeds. This doesn't mean, however, that every which point in the universe is accessible within a few hours. Space is vast, and it has been calculated that a ship travelling in vortex, would (as a result of various technical restrictions) take approximately a year to travel from one point to the next. Realistically, a vessel which stops regularly to replenish its supplies would take at least twice or thrice this amount of time.
With faster-than-light travel possible, fleets of starships have been developed. There is a massive number of starships currently operating within the Known Universe. Starships can have either military or civilian usages. As a result, the diversity of starship types and classes has been assured. In New Worlds, we make a clear distinction between lightly-armed to unarmed civilian starships vs. lightly-armed to heavily armed military ones.
Military starships have two major aims:
- to defend the sovereign space of a nation and
- to transport ground troops to enemy planets.
New Worlds has a massive library of technical specification files which showcases the individual powers' range of starships. Information about them can be found in the section "26th Century"
The invention of hover-technology has had a tremendous impact on the means of transportations available on a planet.
With hover-technology, vehicles no longer need to remain stuck to the ground.
Hovercars have replaced the traditional fuel-burning vehicle. Likewise, railroads have become hover-railroads. This has removed the need for most paved roads and railroad tracks. As a result, many planets have become more ecologically friendly.
Hover technology has also had its application in the military, with tanks, helicopters, armoured carrier transports, and other vehicles becoming hover-capable. This has led to a major revolution in military stratagem.
Advancements in weaponry have also taken place. All modern militaries readily use laser weaponry as the weapon of choice. Adding onto these point-laser systems are a wide variety of missiles and torpedoes and countermeasures to counteract these very missiles and torpedoes. Each comes with its own limitation in range, accuracy, and weapon availability.
Once again, one would be best served by checking out the 26th Century section of our website in order to acquire more species-specific information about these developments.
At the time of writing, New Worlds has two major war zones. These war zones, the Terran/Gohorn Sector, and the Rosebourg/Gohorn/LMC Sector are both active war fronts which encapsulate a limited number of inhabited star systems.
The Terran/Gohorn sector is reputed for having the most active war front, whereas the Rosebourg and Gohorn engage in a small tit for tat exchange that both try to keep from eating up too many of their resources.
New Worlds provides its gamers with an updated map in the section of the website found in "26th Century" > "Day-to-Day Living".
The Terran/Gohorn sector is focused around the crucial star systems of Hestia/Endat (T.D.R), Narimbar (home star system of the O.I.P), and Endat (G.D). The Terran/Gohorn sector is at the heart of the frontlines, pitting most of the military might of these two powers in a heavily concentrated area. It is also here that the unsolvable diplomatic problem began.
The Rosebourg/Gohorn/LMC sector is focused around the pivotal star systems of Grace Minoris (R.M), Yergat (G.D), and Memba (L.M.C). Grace Minoris is home to a massive fleet yard installation that the Rosebourg had originally planned to use to explore the nearby former territories of the Natashan Nation. Currently the Gohorns have the advantage, having broken the initial lines of defence - they seem on the verge of launching an all-out assault against Grace Minoris.
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A report in the Daily News and Analysis (DNA) quotes a top official of Economic Affairs Wing (EOW), Kerala as saying "With the call of easy money, they have been luring people to come and invest. And in turn, the new members had to get more people and this was leading to illegal money circulation. As a result, we had received several complaints against the company and we decided to arrest the officials."
On Tuesday, February 6, we launched an eight-day series of events highlighted by a three-event changeover in less than 24 hours. On Saturday, the Orlando Magic hosted the Milwaukee Bucks and immediately following the game, our arena operations team championed the trio of changeovers from basketball to a double-header featuring a 9:30 a.m. Orlando Solar Bears game and Nicky Jam and Plan B concert at 9:30 p.m.
4. The Federal Trade commission tried Amway and found it to be what they referred to as a legal and viable business that is not a pyramid because a pyramid is an organization with no real products or services that only circulates money through recruiting others people. Because Amway only pays when products are purchased (not people signed up), they are by definition, NOT a pyramid.
Fittingly, my encounter with Amway began during a long-term temp assignment at Andersen Consulting’s ENTERPRISE 2020 project, an ongoing exhibit to which consultants would bring potential clients to scare them about the future. The main attraction was a battery of “industry experts” who produced customized nightmare scenarios to help manufacturing executives from across the globe see the Third Wave coming at them. The experts would discourse gravely about globalization, accelerating technology, managed chaos, self-organizing supply chains, flex-this, flex-that, and nano-everything, eventually arriving at the message of this elaborate sideshow: The future is not to be faced without an Andersen consultant on retainer.
This year’s report examined how age, gender and education levels impact attitudes towards entrepreneurship. It also examined various aspects that either hinder or help entrepreneurs – internal factors (such as commitment, willingness to take risks, knowledge of how to earn money) and external factors (such as their country’s operating environment, technology availability and entrepreneurially forward education system).
In his memoir Simply Rich, Amway cofounder Rich DeVos tells the story of Amway’s origins. The country was in the last gasps of the Great Depression. Rich was fourteen. He was walking two miles through the snow to his high school each day, in his hometown of Grand Rapids, Michigan: wool collar popped high, galoshes squishing, wind in his face. Occasionally he would take the streetcar or city bus – but allowing time for the city bus meant having to rise long before the sun came up. ‘I needed more efficient transportation, and already being an enterprising type, I had an idea,’ he writes.
Amway combines direct selling with a multi-level marketing strategy. Amway distributors, referred to as "independent business owners" (IBOs), may market products directly to potential customers and may also sponsor and mentor other people to become IBOs. IBOs may earn income both from the retail markup on any products they sell personally, plus a performance bonus based on the sales volume they and their downline (IBOs they have sponsored) have generated.[3] People may also register as IBOs to buy products at discounted prices. Harvard Business School, which described Amway as "one of the most profitable direct selling companies in the world", noted that Amway founders Van Andel and DeVos "accomplished their success through the use of an elaborate pyramid-like distribution system in which independent distributors of Amway products received a percentage of the merchandise they sold and also a percentage of the merchandise sold by recruited distributors".[68]
In 2001 a regional court ruled in favor of Network 21; however, in 2004 the Warsaw Regional Court dismissed Amway's civil lawsuit. On appeal Amway won the case and the producers were ordered to pay a fine to a children's charity and publish a public apology.[155][156] As of 2009 the film was still banned due to an ongoing case brought by "private individuals" ridiculed in the film.[157]
After years operating behind the scenes, Betsy DeVos is set to become the public face of education policy in America—an advocate of private Christian education helming the largest public-education agency in the country. Most education policymaking happens at the state and local level; the Education Department administers financial aid and collects and analyzes educational data, but doesn’t set state standards or school curricula. Even so, the position is a considerable bully pulpit, one with the ability to define the national discussion on education.
I shopped with Amway about 20 years ago when a neighbor in my apartment building became a sales rep for them. I really liked the cleaning products which were pure and did a great job of cleaning everything! I had a terrific rep who sold the various products that interested me. I was always very impressed by Amway. To my knowledge, Amway has always had an impeccable reputation and the highest quality products. I didn't find any reason to dislike the company back then and certainly have no reason to dislike it now!
To understand the choices, you have to understand the business. He explained that the products developed to be sold for the direct sales model need to be different from any others on the market. “We develop products with specific deliverables that are unique. These products, what they are and how they work, needs to be explained by someone who knows the product. A good product for the store shelf is not necessarily a good direct sale product.”
Amway has been around for 50+ years which has resulted in deep market penetration in most of North America. During this time frame it acquired a negative reputation that lasted the better part of 2 decades. This resulted in the need to re-brand Amway as Quixtar (during the 90s). The baby boomer generation is very aware of this and many will be quick to discourage their younger family members from doing Amway. If you are thinking of joining Amway and think this may be inaccurate, simply ask someone in your family in their 50s, 60s, or 70s whether or not they think you will make money with Amway, and why. There are ways around this when approaching the cold market, but it typically involves meeting with the same individual a multitude of times, playing verbal jujitsu, and not exposing the Amway name until the fifth or sixth approach. I personally know an Amway distributor (and good friend) that makes ~50k per year so it is absolutely possible, but he works his butt off driving all over the state and he constantly deals with high attrition.
Lmao i like how these amway fanboys are calling people that have real jobs broke lol 99% fail rate.. Dont use that excuse that people don't put in the work, I can put in 100% effort to sell dogshit, but I wont make anything cuz its still dogshit. You are ignoring the 99% fail rate and apparently ignoring the 100% success rate if you get a real job. I heard someone saying you aren't bound to the 9-5 chains in amway . As a Real business owner and many real business owners know that in owning a Real business u wish u had that 9-5 and thats it. Owning a real business is 24/7. So pull ur heads out of ur asses
I absolutely agree with this post! I was recently approached by a friend to attend a “business meeting” regarding a “great business opportunity on the Internet” but he did not wanted to say anything until the meeting happened with him and his friend, who supposedly was the owner of this business venture. When I arrived to the “meeting” Suprise! I saw other friends there and about 300+ other unknown people. Immediately warning bells started ringing and I knew it was a pyramid scam anyhow, I stayed for the meeting and indeed by the end my suspicions were confirmed and it became quite obvious that the my friend’s friend was the recruiter. A few days later I heard back from a very close friend of mine who had also been approached and attended a separate meeting, she questioned me about it because the recruiter told her that I was “very excited at joining this venture” which of course was an absolute LIE and an obvious attempt to manipulate and pressure her to join! After two weeks, the recruiter contacted me ACCUSING ME of stealing a USED lip gloss from his wife the day of the so called meeting and then proceeded to ask me why hasn’t he heard back from me?!?! Could you imagine? The freaking nerve of these people!!!! Of course I put him in his place and hope that he never, ever dares to contact me again because if he does I will file a complaint for harassment!!
@cookie1972 I agree this business shows your relationship, you either build it together or your relationship parishes, not because its bad but because one or the other is unwilling to grow, it also has you learn about relationships an example is reading the book about the 5 love langues to IMPROVE your relationship. You only fail the business if you quit, weird how its like the gym, if you go you succeed if you don't you fail, challenge is open.
In 1997, Amway Poland and Network TwentyOne separately sued the makers of a Polish film, Welcome to Life (Polish: Witajcie w zyciu), for defamation and copyright violations. Henryk Dederko (the director) and producer were later acquitted on the charge of disseminating false information.[151][152] The film, banned for 12 years, was one of the highly anticipated movies of 2009's Warsaw Film Festival and was dubbed by the promoters as a "scary movie about brainwashing"[151] It was said to depict hard-sell "pep rallies", and to include statements from distributors that meetings had a similar tone to meetings of the Communist Party before it lost power in Poland. Methods of recruitment that confusingly resembled those of a sect were also described.[153] A bestseller on the local video black market, the film was banned while the suit proceeded.[154]
In 2012, the Center for Science in the Public Interest (CSPI), accused Amway of making unsubstantiated and illegal claims about Nutrilite Fruits & Vegetables 2GO Twist Tubes and threatened to launch a class action lawsuit against the company unless it took remedial action.[49][50] Amway responded that the claims made about the products were properly substantiated and that they did not plan to change the product's labeling but nevertheless would review the statements that CSPI has questioned.[51] CSPI later reported that Amway had agreed to changing product labels by the end of 2014.[52]
Totaling 875,000 square feet, the Amway Center replaces the previously existing Amway Arena, updating the venue in favor of a sustainable and environmentally conscious design. The new building comes with updated technology, more amenities, and bigger seats. There's even a hypnotizing graphics wall along one side of the building that brings the arena's modern elements together in a magical display.
[4]As soon as they mention Amway, First Look speakers always hurry to dispel “myths” about The Business: that it’s a rinky-dink soap company, that it requires door-to-door sales, that it’s a pyramid scheme (if you do an organizational chart of a typical corporation, guess what, that looks like a pyramid too!), that you have to be a Christian to join (there’s nobody The Business wouldn’t accept), that it’s a crazy cult (Amway provides an opportunity to everybody, meaning that it inevitably lets in some bad apples who damage its reputation).
Amway business owners span the globe, from the Americas to Europe, India and Africa to Greater China and the Asia-Pacific region. The company’s low-cost, low-risk business model sets IBOs up to reach their goals. It quickly and efficiently addresses the needs that may vary according to geography and culture. Details large and small, from navigating local selling regulations to product sizes and brand preferences, are coordinated in conjunction with local governments, business owners and consumers.
Amway doesn’t operate this way. Amway IBOs don’t make any money by bringing more people in – not a single cent. They make money when products are sold, not from recruiting. On each product sold, Amway sets aside a portion of the product cost as a “bonus.” This is shared by IBOs who work together in sales groups, according to their contracts with Amway.
Qualifying for compensations needs more quantity compared to the majority of various other companies, this keeps new suppliers at a loss for a longer period of time. In order to qualify for a paycheck a rep have to do 100PV per month. This would not be such a large deal if the average factor wasn't somewhere around $3.00. This implies new distributors have to move $300.00 a month in quantity to get paid. Typically, most other business can be found in someplace around $1.10 to $1.50 per factor, meaning the brand-new rep would only need to move $110.00 to $150.00 or so per month to qualify.
Amway is not for everyone. But then again, there is no "job" out there that is for everyone. Education guarantees nothing anymore, even if you have a 4.0 gpa. There is no such thing as job security anymore. But like all other businesses, like marriages, there is a high failure rate. That is the risk of all ventures... failure. But with MLM, you only fail when you quit. MLM is not a scam. Amway is not a scam.
Multilevel marketing (MLM) is an attractive business proposition to many people. It offers the opportunity to become involved in a system for distributing products to consumers. Unlike the person starting a business from scratch, the MLM participant has the support of a direct selling company that supplies the products and sometimes offers training as well.
Amway and its sister companies under Alticor reported sales of $8.6 billion in 2017.[1] It conducts business through a number of affiliated companies in more than a hundred countries and territories. Amway was ranked No. 29 among the largest privately held companies in the United States by Forbes in 2015 based on revenue, and No. 1 among multi-level marketing companies by Direct Selling News in 2016.[6][7][8]
In the canonical 6-4-2 pyramid, the “Direct Distributor” on top receives a 25 percent “Performance Bonus” on the entire group’s spending.[7] The Performance Bonuses that go to his six “legs” (12 percent of their sub-groups’ spending) are deducted from his own, leaving him with a 13 percent profit. In turn, they payout 6 percent bonuses to their four “legs,” who payout 3 percent bonuses to their two. Those bottom forty-eight distributors, in other words, get back 3 percent of everything they spend while the top distributor gets 13 percent of everything they spend. (The amount of all checks are calculated, incidentally, by Amway’s central computer and distributed by Amway; uplines don’t actually write checks to their downlines.) It would amount to the same thing if the distributors at the bottom were to receive the 25 percent rebate—and then pay fees directly to their uplines equal to 3 percent, 6 percent, and 13 percent of their purchases.
They are very similar to Amazon. I would want them to lower their prices even more because I noticed that the prices started to increase and in order for me to remain a customer prices have to be fair. However, my overall experience with this website is very good because their delivery is very quick and easy and I will continue to use it if it stays that way. The service is really good also.
Richard DeVos and Jay Van Andel who was based in Michigan founded Amway in 1959. Today Amway conducts its business through a number of companies in more than eighty countries worldwide. In 2012 Amway was rewarded the no. 25 position by Forbes for being one of the largest private companies in the U.S. By the year-end in 2012, more than $11 billion sales were recorded, making Amway one of the most successful network marketing companies that have been in business for well over 50 years.
‘We’ve got a little bit of surge here,’ he says. ‘Water levels are high. This is the Bayou Crossing Waterway. That way would take you out to Boca Ciega Bay, and eventually the Gulf of Mexico. When there’s a huge tidal surge, these live bodies of water, the Bayou Crossing Waterway, feeds into, and overflows into, all these lakes and bayous around the course. And then when the water recedes, any fish and the water that gets in there gets trapped in there and can’t get out.’
In 2001, after the majority of Amway Independent Business Owners (IBOs) had transferred to the new company, Quixtar completely replaced Amway as the marketing venture for Amway/Alticor products in North American regions. The Quixtar business model differs from the earlier Amway business model in many aspects, such as the way distribution is performed as well as the products and services offered through partner stores. Rather than ordering product from a distributor who delivers them in person, Quixtar customers can place orders online and have the products shipped to them directly. In mid-2007 however, Quixtar announced they were phasing back in the Amway name over two years and discarding the Quixtar name. Along with the re-branding campaign, Amway Global is investing over 580 million dollars into both increased compensation for IBOs and for extensive advertising of the new brand name.[12]
Betsy’s campaigning earned the attention of the Ford team, which tapped her to attend that year's Republican National Convention in Kansas City as a participant in the “Presidentials” program for young Republicans. The budding politicos attended training on campaign strategy and political techniques, and were divided into groups based on geography so that they could get acquainted with potential allies from their home states. There were also more practical desires for a squadron of young volunteers at a contested convention: “Anywhere there needed to be noise, there were always kids,” Betsy Prince told a reporter for the Holland Sentinel in 1976 (“Betsy Helps Cheer Ford Through in Kansas City,” read the headline, beside a photo of a T-shirt-clad Betsy sporting a feathered, Farrah Fawcett-lite hairdo).
My uplines’ despair made me reluctant to add to their failure. But I had stayed in too long already. Having run out of other things to buy, I had resorted to subjecting my cat to Amway pet food. And I began to sense that when Josh and Sherri looked at me, they—in their last-ditch hopes—saw Diamonds. Before I disappeared from their lives, however, I accompanied them to one last Rally.
On the way out, we pass a frame on the wall bearing a quote by Robert Dedman Sr., founder of ClubCorp. My husband stops to read it: ‘‘A club is a haven of refuge and accord in a world torn by strife and discord. A club is a place where kindred spirits gather to have fun and make friends. A club is a place of courtesy, good breeding, and good manners. A club is a place expressly for camaraderie, merriment, goodwill, and good cheer. A club humbles the mighty, draws out the timid, and casts out the sorehead. A club is one of the noblest inventions of mankind.’’
Amway China launched in 1995. In 1998, after abuses of illegal pyramid schemes led to riots, the Chinese government enacted a ban on all direct selling companies, including Amway.[29] After the negotiations, some companies like Amway, Avon, and Mary Kay continued to operate through a network of retail stores promoted by an independent sales force.[30] China introduced new direct selling laws in December 2005, and in December 2006 Amway was one of the first companies to receive a license to resume direct sales. However, the law forbids teachers, doctors, and civil servants from becoming direct sales agents for the company and, unlike in the United States, salespeople in China are ineligible to receive commissions from sales made by the distributors they recruit.
Jackie Nickel, Chief Marketing Officer for Amway’s Americas Region, talks with former coach, hall of famer and NCAA Division 1 champion Phillip Fulmer in “Developing Strong Coaching Relationships.” For Fulmer, building successful relationships begins with trust. By spending time getting to know individuals, learning how to maximize strengths and minimize weaknesses, a leader communicates the message that the team is more important than the individual. With this mindset in place, he says, you’re going to have success. Watch Now
Is Amway A Scam? Amway is not a scam. Amway is a legit company and its business model is around referral based marketing (mlm/direct sales industry) instead of paying for advertising, billboards, tv commercials, etc. They pay their IBO’s or distributors a small commissions for helping them get the word out and when someone buys product from that IBO.
California-based art curator Sports and the Arts assembled the Amway Center Art Collection. The collection includes more than 340 works of art, including about 200 museum-quality photographs. Fourteen of the 21 artists housed in the collection represent Central Florida. The Amway Center Art Collection includes over 140 pieces of fine art paintings and mixed media originals, over 200 photographs, and graphic wall treatments highlighting both the Orlando Magic and the spirit of Orlando and Central Florida.
In 2013, eSpring was one of the Reader's Digest Trusted Brands Award winners in the water purifiers category in Malaysia.[62] In 2015, Amway was recognized for the sixth consecutive year by Frost & Sullivan as Asia Pacific Water Filtration company of the year.[55] According to an Amway commissioned study of global sales conducted by marketing research firm Verify Markets, eSpring was the world's largest selling brand of kitchen water treatment systems and home water treatment systems in 2014.[63]
“We believe this is going to be the heart of this downtown sports and entertainment and arts district,” Martins said. “Anchored at one end by the Dr. Phillips Center and on the other end by Camping World Stadium with this development and the Amway Center being at the heart of it all. I do believe that type of development can attract a major event to any one of these facilities.”
In 2004, Dateline NBC aired a report, alleging that some high-level Quixtar IBOs make most of their money from selling motivational materials rather than Quixtar products.[49] Quixtar published an official Quixtar Response website[50] where it showed '"Interviews Dateline Didn't Do"'. Quixtar also states on its response site that Dateline declined their request to link to the site.
Interspersed with Dream Night’s audiovisual assaults were six Castro-length harangues, which toggled along in a sort of good coach, bad coach routine: One youngish Amway Diamond would assure us that we could do it!, after which an older, sterner Diamond hectored us to stop making excuses for not doing it. The evening closed as we all held hands and sang “God Bless America”—and then broke into a triumphal cheer.
Others Receiving Votes: Texas A&M (5-3) 167; Cincinnati (7-1) 116; South Florida (7-1) 87; Michigan State (5-3) 48; Wisconsin (5-3) 41; NC State (5-2) 40; Northwestern (5-3) 40; Miami (FL) (5-3) 38; Georgia Southern (7-1) 32; Oklahoma State (5-3) 31; UAB (7-1) 24; Stanford (5-3) 21; Auburn (5-3) 21; Oregon (5-3) 20; San Diego State (6-2) 16; Buffalo (8-1) 14; Army West Point (6-2) 13; South Carolina (4-3) 11; Iowa State (4-3) 6; FIU (6-2) 6; Virginia Tech (4-3) 5; Duke (5-3) 3; Pittsburgh (4-4) 3; Boise State (6-2) 2
Last night we attended the JT concert and had the worst experience ever. First, I was told we couldn...’t take in our small camera, even after I spoke to supervisor. They wanted us to bring it back to the car!! I had to show them the email blast from Amway that said small, non professional cameras were allowed. Need better training for your staff. 2nd, all the floor bars ran out of bud light and then all domestic beers in can and on tap. What a joke. It was a Monday night and a concert for adults. Lastly, the sound was terrible for the show, bathrooms a mess. For the money we pay for concerts, you need to do a better job!! See More
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The eighth annual Amway Global Entrepreneurship Report (AGER), published today, measures the state of entrepreneurship worldwide. The 2018 study finds that more U.S. respondents (57 percent) have the desire to start their own business compared to global respondents (49 percent). While the desire to become an entrepreneur in the U.S. is down slightly from the previous year (61 percent), there is a strong sense of continued optimism among respondents. Age, gender and education levels also can potentially impact attitudes towards entrepreneurship. Most surprisingly, in the U.S., the education gap is significantly shrinking when it comes to desirability of starting a business. The report explains that having a university degree does not play a significant role in shaping entrepreneurial spirit – those with and without university degrees exhibited similar sentiments.
I used to be an Amway and NuSkin distributor. I think the biggest problem with this type of business now is that, everyone knows about it and have heard about it. There are so many many companies just like this and many more coming into the market. People are just plainly sick of hearing MLM product proposals. I do see a problem with this type of business but if your committed and willing to work hard, I can see that you will be successful. I am not one who want to continue pressuring people to buy and make the minimum purchase to get my commission. Many fail because they value friendship over their business and they don't want to constantly hound their down-line to make their monthly quota.
I have not purchased anything from Amway in years, but I did like a number of their products. I particularly liked their cleaning supplies. I also think that Amway products were fairly high quality and had a good guarantee. I also think that Amway prices were fairly high. I would also prefer to order online than through a distributor, particularly a multi-level distributor who wants you to join their down-line marketing group. I had a fairly positive experience. The individual I ordered from was a personal friend, so we had a good relationship. She also gave me free samples of products so I could see if I liked them before I ordered them.
In the decade since that loss, the DeVos family, with Dick and Betsy at the helm, has emerged as a political force without comparison in Michigan. Their politics are profoundly Christian and conservative—“God, America, Free Enterprise,” to borrow the subtitle of family patriarch Richard DeVos’ 1975 book, Believe!—and their vast resources (the family’s cumulative net worth is estimated at well over $5 billion) assure that they can steamroll their way to victory on issues ranging from education reform to workers’ rights. “At the federal level, when GOP candidates are looking for big donors to back them, they have options,” says Craig Mauger, executive director of the Michigan Campaign Finance Network. “If you don’t get Sheldon Adelson, you can go to the Koch brothers, and so on. In Michigan, the DeVos family is a class of donor all by themselves.”
Amway's eSpring water filter was introduced in 2000. According to Amway, it was the first system to combine a carbon block filter and ultraviolet light with electronic-monitoring technology in the filter cartridge and it became the first home system to achieve certification for ANSI/NSF Standards 42, 53, and 55.[53][54] According to Amway, eSpring was the first water treatment system to receive certification for all fifteen NSF/ANSI 401 contaminants which include pharmaceuticals, pesticides and herbicides.[53][55] The company also claims that, in addition to these 15 contaminants, eSpring is certified for more than 145 potential contaminants, including lead and mercury.[53]
Building network marketing teams that last is incredibly difficult in North America (specifically USA). This may sound a bit harsh, but I have not seen Amway break a single Diamond in the USA in 2 decades (it was brought to my attention recently that there was 1, but I have not verified this). The reason teams are difficult to keep together, even with the promoting of events, is because building a business entirely offline is not attractive to most people in this country. And as much as leaders may complain that the internet has ruined this industry in some circles, it doesn’t change the fact that the marketplace is an entity all of its own; it’s not up to us to determine what’s best for the marketplace, it’s our duty to find out how they want to be marketed to and then meet that desire. Building solely offline gets tiring and the vast majority of people simply don’t want to burn the rubber off the tires any more. Now don't get me wrong, building a local team can be extremely powerful (I do it in fact), but if you are not leveraging the power of the internet then your method of marketing may not be attractive to most prospects. Additionally there are a lot of companies that have embraced the internet, and since most people go to the web for information it is easy for Amway reps to get discouraged and explore other options when they find out a business can be built online. Again, don't get me wrong, there's nothing wrong with the local offline approach, but it's best when combined with the internet.
Group distribution. Amway will deliver bulk orders to where their Platinum level representatives are (or greater) completely free. This encourages all representatives to maintain relationships with their clients. At one factor clients were able to receive free shipping by getting on their own if they exceeded a certain dollar quantity, but this is no more the case as a result of policy changes.
Amway has kept the R&D for these products in the U.S., but manufactures them in Malaysia. Their contract manufacturing partner has proven they can make a quality product. “Contract manufacturing for durables and electronics has become very reliable in Asia.” But there are other supply chain advantages to having the products made in the same region where the products are bought.
When it comes down to it, Amway has been in business for more than half a century, and they pay according to their compensation plan. As such, despite their negative general reputation, they do not fit the traditional definition of a scam. However, if you’re thinking about becoming an Amway Independent Business Owner, there are several things you should keep in mind.
The work of a business owner is all about personal connections. Consumers have a strong desire to support small, independently owned businesses and they know direct sellers can provide a high level of knowledgeable, personal service. Through the Amway network, consumers can access exclusive, high-quality products, which IBOs can sell on their own terms. As these direct selling teams grow and sell more products, IBOs make more money.
The top four teams remained the same, with No. 1 Alabama continuing to receive 61 of 64 first-place votes after the Crimson Tide cruised past Arkansas. Georgia retained the No. 2 spot after taking down Vanderbilt. No. 3 Ohio State overcame a sluggish start to put away Indiana and retained one No. 1 vote. Fourth-ranked Clemson, retaining two No. 1 nods, also held steady after its most lopsided result of the season at Wake Forest.
The embarrassing jerk was my parents’ upline, Vincent, who had Emerald status. I don’t remember this man. My dad says, ‘He was a creepy guy, just an incredibly creepy guy. I don’t know how else to describe him . . . You actually felt, after being around the guy, that you needed to take a shower. Nobody wanted to be around him. He was a jerk, he was a liar. Just a despicable person.’
In 2007, Amway's operations were halted in the United Kingdom and Ireland following a yearlong investigation by the UK Department of Trade and Industry, which moved to have Amway banned on the basis that the company had employed deceptive marketing, presented inflated earnings estimates, and lured distributors into buying bogus "motivation and training" tools.[148][149] In 2008, a UK judge dismissed government claims against Amway's operations, saying major reforms in the prior year (which included banning non-Amway approved motivational events and materials) had fixed company faults that favored selling training materials over products and misrepresented earnings. However, the judge also expressed his belief that Amway allowed "misrepresentations" of its business by independent sellers in years past and failed to act decisively against the misrepresentations.[150]
1, no inventory loading? Hebalife distributors are re-evaluated for their qualifications every January. Based solely on how much products they purchased. Distributors can claim the products are for their own personal consumption any time they need to make up the volume points they needed for the qualification. 2, way over priced products : 2-10 times of equivalent products in the market. Why would a real consumer pay such premium for products that are available everywhere? 3, the refund policy. Herbalife distributors make purchase through their uplines. Uplines get rolty override payment on every purchase their downline made. This policy only encourage focus on recruiting, push unwanted purchase, and in factual denied refund.
I like Amway's clothes, electronics, gadgets, pants, watches, shirts, sweaters, shorts, games, and many others things that comes in that way. Not really good prices, but the quality is pretty good, has many variety of products, but more brands be good! I like Champion brand and they should put it there. I like that Amway are very flexible and can take care of you real quick if you have questions and concerns. The experience was good and everything went ok, with my purchases and I find a good place to buy things! Good money spend every time.
Amway is a multibillion dollar company that uses “multilevel marketing techniques” to sell cosmetics and household products. They have really aggressive recruitment techniques and cult-like practices. They’re super shady and sued on a pretty regular basis, but still manage to trick new people into the fold! You can read more about the company here. If you want to hear more creepy personal stories about other people, like my friend’s roommate, who has been tricked into Amway, there are some good ones here and you can always Google “Amway is a cult”.
In this Presidential election, companies that cut their labor costs by engaging in offshoring have come in for heavy criticism. Amway, one of the world’s largest direct selling companies, is a U.S.-headquartered global company that would be hard to criticize on these grounds. Many of their products that are largely sold overseas, actually leverage “Made in America” as a key selling point.
Amway’s original product, Liquid Organic Cleaner (L.O.C.™), was one of the first concentrated, biodegradable and environmentally sensitive cleaning products on the market. Since then, with a similarly pioneering and purposeful spirit, Amway has gone from selling simply home products to become a global leader in health and beauty, too. For decades, the company has focused on environmentally sensitive and biodegradable products.
The Club Level at the Amway Center -- between the Terrace and the Promenade -- splits into several types of premium seating. There are suites, including the Founders Suite which can accommodate 16 and the larger Presidents Suite, each providing a plush and roomy space from which to enjoy the game. Loge seats are among the most popular though, combining great additions like all-inclusive food and drink with a close-to-the-action feel.
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Amway: The True Story of the Company That Transformed the Lives of Millions reads like an extended advertisement. Its author, Wilbur Cross, became acquainted with Amway cofounders Rich DeVos and Jay Van Andel when they commissioned him to write the first ‘official’ history of the Amway Corporation, Commitment to Excellence, published in 1986. In Amway, Cross repeatedly references the work of Shad Helmstetter, PhD, a ‘motivational expert’ specializing in ‘programming’ yourself to change negative self-talk into positive self-talk. Negativity is expressly verboten in the world of Amway, as it breeds doubt – distributors are advised to get rid of any negative people in their downline as soon as possible if they can’t train them to be positive.
One of the biggest employers in GR by a longshot, which means competition - the healthy kind that would keep the company continually improving and testing itself - is in short supply. Also a bit of a disconnect between how employees perceive the company and how "the rest of the world" perceives the company. Can make some projects less than effective as a result.
I have a question. My friend told me about Amway, I am eager to join but like as much as it’s about helping people achieve success, what about you? like, does it really make you money and the amount that actually satisfies you? If they telling me that i can retire soon, which i really do want to… how far do i have to go with it to reach that point? and at the same time not be a slave to this.
In a column published in the Fort Worth Star-Telegram newspaper in August 1997,[77] reporter Molly Ivins wrote that Amway had "its own caucus in Congress...Five Republican House members are also Amway distributors: Reps. Sue Myrick of North Carolina, Jon Christensen of Nebraska, Dick Chrysler of Michigan, Richard Pombo of California, and John Ensign of Nevada. Their informal caucus meets several times a year with Amway bigwigs to discuss policy matters affecting the company, including China's trade status."[78]
As secretary, it’s likely DeVos will pursue a national expansion of school choice and charters. In this, DeVos has an ally in President-elect Trump. “There's no failed policy more in need of urgent change than our government-run education monopoly,” Trump said in a September 8 speech. “It is time to break up that monopoly.” In that speech, Trump proposed a $20-billion block grant program to fund national vouchers administered at the state level. “Parents will be able to send their kids to the desired public, private or religious school of their choice,” Trump said.
By the 30th level, the entire population of the earth will be in the system and the last 3 billion people who just entered the system into the 30th level have nobody else to refer. If each member is allowed to refer 6 friends, then the entire world population will be covered by the time it reaches 13th level itself (as illustrated in the chart below). Everybody they try to approach is already a member. The forerunners would have made huge amount of money by now and would go absconding, leading into a fraud.
Next, talking with other IBOs or Amway representatives may make it seem like a great opportunity to earn a lot of money, to make your own schedule, to build your own business, and more. However, the reality is that any type of direct sales opportunity takes a huge amount of time and money in order to become successful, not to mention a natural ability to sell. And frankly, MLM companies like Amway are often very misleading in how simple they make their business opportunities appear, because the reality is nothing could be further from the truth (see the following section for additional details). As a testament to this, be sure to watch Dateline NBC’s year-long undercover investigation of Amway right below.
A 1998 analysis of campaign contributions conducted by Businessweek found that Amway, along with the founding families and some top distributors, had donated at least $7 million to GOP causes in the preceding decade.[76] Political candidates who received campaign funding from Amway in 1998 included Representatives Bill Redmond (R–N.M.), Heather Wilson (R–N.M.), and Jon Christensen (R–Neb).[74]
Well that's all fine and dandy but I am not lazy, I like talking to people. But I am not going to persuade people to get into a so called business when in al actuality this is like a Sam's Club membership except everyone you get to join, you get a piece of their profits and any profits of their offsprings and so forth and so on. I can do that, but not full time. It's not something I enjoy. You have to have passion for that and I don't have that type of passion for selling Sam's Club memberships to folks. I am a nurse and that's my passion No this is not a scam. Just say no it's not for you and move on. No need to bash the company.
Her alienation didn’t stop with non-Amwayers. She was also bitterly resentful of “crosslines,” her Amway cousins who belonged to other downlines. As fellow unrecovered wage junkies, they were a potential reservoir of misinformation, discontent, and backsliding. Josh cautioned her against fraternizing: Polite small talk was O.K., but you shouldn’t, say, go to a movie with them (Amway lore is full of disaster stories about crosslines who carpool). But Sherri’s animus went further. Crosslines were her competition, soaking up prospects and “saturating” Chicago before she had a chance. She was incensed when they hogged seats at meetings, hysterical when they went Direct.
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Location & Service Times
First Wesleyan Kids
Pursuit Teens
BED BRIGADE
Jon Welch, Senior Pastor
Jon was born and raised in Iowa. After graduating from in Indiana Wesleyan in 2000, he arrived at First Wesleyan Church where he met some of the finest people on earth. In 2009, he graduated from Asbury Theological Seminary and began as senior pastor in January 2014. He is married to Sarah-Marie and they have three kids: Jack, Isabella, and Mia Kate. He loves cheering for his favorite team, the Iowa Hawkeyes.
Contact Jon: jon@meetlivego.com
Andrew Day, frankfort Campus Pastor
Andrew was born in Marion, OH and moved to Chillicothe when he was 15 and began attending First Wesleyan Church. In 2005, he graduated from Indiana Wesleyan University and did an internship at 12Stone Church in Lawrenceville, GA. He moved back to First Wesleyan the following year and joined the staff. He is married to Heather and they have four kids: Corinne, Cooper, Hudson, and Emmett. He loves the Ohio State Buckeyes and the Cincinnati Reds.
Contact Andrew: andrew@meetlivego.com
BRady Miller, Assistant Pastor
Brady grew up just north of Chillicothe and was a Westfall graduate in 2007. He studied at Ohio Christian University for 2 years but later continued his education through Oklahoma Wesleyan University. He was ordained in 2018 in the Wesleyan Church. He is married to his high school sweetheart Chloe and they have two kids: Hezekiah and Genevieve. They started attending First Wesleyan in 2013. He loves anything tech and enjoys playing music.
Contact Brady: brady@meetlivego.com
Molly Lloyd, Children's Pastor
Molly was born and raised in Ross County and went to Paint Valley High School. She graduated from Rio Grande College in 1975 and worked at Fayette County Memorial Hospital. She married Byron and they had three daughters and a son who have given them thirteen grandchildren. She and her family started attending First Wesleyan in 2000 and Molly came on staff in 2015. Her greatest joy in life is serving God and loving her family.
Contact Molly: mollymlloyd27@gmail.com
Anne Cox, Pastoral Assistant
Anne was born in Chillicothe but lived in Columbus for twelve years growing up. She graduated from Hiram College in 1975. She has two sisters and lives on a farm with her husband of 36 years, Bill. She enjoys walks, kayaking, and trail rides. She has attended First Wesleyan for 28 years.
Contact Anne: anne@meetlivego.com
Traci Click, Director of Finanaces and Facilities
Traci grew up in Chillicothe and has attended First Wesleyan her entire life, where she has been heavily involved in the ministry of the church and has grown in her faith. She is married to Jon and has two kids, Tanner and Emma, both of whom are out of high school. Traci and Jon spend a lot of time attending their kids activities and they love to spend time and make memories with family.
Contact Traci: traci@meetlivego.com
First Wesleyan Church
firstwesleyan@meetlivego.com
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EdITLib is now LearnTechLib. The new URL for this page is https://www.learntechlib.org/p/150317/
Digital Fabrication and Aunt Sarah: Enabling Quadratic Explorations Via Technology.
Michael Connell, University of Houston-Downtown, United States ; Sergei Abramovich, State University of New York at Potsdam, United States
Society for Information Technology & Teacher Education International Conference, Mar 02, 2015 in Las Vegas, NV, United States ISBN 978-1-939797-13-1 Publisher: Association for the Advancement of Computing in Education (AACE), Chesapeake, VA
When viewed as a content area, mathematics has a split personality. To use an example from language, there are parts of mathematics that function very much like a noun (the concepts of mathematics), while others function more like a verb (procedures, which many think of as “actually ‘doing’ math”). Such ideas form the basis for later, more formalized procedures. The role technology can play in visualizing these ideas for learners should not be overlooked. This paper will model such dual development utilizing both digital fabrication and quadratic explorations.
Connell, M. & Abramovich, S. (2015). Digital Fabrication and Aunt Sarah: Enabling Quadratic Explorations Via Technology. In D. Rutledge & D. Slykhuis (Eds.), Proceedings of SITE 2015--Society for Information Technology & Teacher Education International Conference (pp. 3583-3590). Las Vegas, NV, United States: Association for the Advancement of Computing in Education (AACE). Retrieved July 19, 2019 from https://www.learntechlib.org/primary/p/150317/.
Including Students with Special Needs Into an Inclusion Science Classroom:...
Makerspaces as sociotechnical system: Introducing Pre-service Librarians to...
Teaching STEM Through Historical Reconstructions: The Future Lies in the Past
Digital Fabrication Literature Review
Digital Fabrication Literature Review - II
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Politicians standing in Water looking for Media attention must be hard to take if your premises are Flooded…
Category: Dail Diary
Dáil Diary no 1 – 15th January 2016
The Fine Gael / Labour Government is not serious about Climate Change, as we saw with their pitiful Climate Change Bill, which has been described as the worst in Europe. Neither are they serious about dealing with the increasing frequency of floods in Ireland. No doubt, the floods did present some good photo opportunities for our shameless politicians, who clearly wouldn’t like to see any good crisis going to waste. Here’s my short Dáil contribution on the issue. -
“The Government is not directly responsible for the rain, but it does have responsibilities in dealing with it. There have been many calls for the dredging of rivers and there have been statements from the Minister for the Environment, Community and Local Government about the provision of the greatest response ever seen to the flooding crisis.
There has been something of a panic attack about dredging. Like many others, I do not believe that dredging necessarily acts as a flood prevention mechanism. A study by Britain's Environment Agency states that a river channel is not large enough to contain extreme floods, even after dredging, and that the dredging of river channels does not prevent flooding during extreme flows. Only a fraction of the water ever occupies the channel. Also, if one embarks on a policy of dredging, every time there is a serious flood one will have to re-dredge. It will be an endless task.
With regard to ‘the greatest response ever seen’ that was mentioned by the Minister for the Environment, Community and Local Government, that might have seen this and previous Governments fulfilling promises to put flooding defences in place years ago. There has been a huge lack of interest in this area. One could argue that the lack of investment in infrastructure in general over the last number of years is a serious concern - I tried to get some finance for coastal erosion on Bannow Island in Wexford a while ago, but I was told there was zero money available for it, at either local or central government level .It was not entertained. There is no interest in dealing with long-term projects like this, because they do not see past the next election. Flood defences were designed for Enniscorthy in 2009 - It is reckoned now that they might be in place in 2019. As such, forward planning is seriously lacking.
The real cause of flooding relates, aside from climate change issues, which were not as relevant in the past, to the loss of flood lands and tree planting, like willows. Lands where willows were sown were very good at holding water whereas the huge move to drain every square inch of available land has meant doing away with the practical use of certain lands for tanking water. Under that system, the water did not arrive at the channel quite so quickly. That works. If we want to deal with flooding in the long term, aside from building flood defences in the towns that are most badly affected, we must also look at recreating flood lands. If that means providing grants to farmers to allow land in certain areas to hold water, so be it. It needs to be done. For as long as I can remember, the EU has only wanted land free from unwanted vegetation. The subsidy industry it runs is geared in that direction. Anyone who was prepared to keep land that would hold water would never get a subsidy from the EU. This has to change. It is a very short-sighted policy on the part of the EU.
Just before Christmas, we debated the climate change legislation. It beggars belief how little interest there was in it. The Taoiseach stood up on a world stage last year and said countries needed to show leadership and courage in addressing the climate change crisis. The Government then put forward some of the most meaningless and toothless climate change legislation on the planet. Deputy Clare Daly and I submitted 33 amendments, none of which was accepted and the debate was guillotined. There has been little long-term interest in dealing with climate change in Ireland as if it is a problem for the rest of the world and something that happens out in the Pacific. It happens here too. We have seen it over the last month. Unless the Government takes a more long-term view and starts to look past the next election, we will continue to have problems like this.
Dealing with floods and water, I raise again a point I have raised with the Minister for the Environment, Community and Local Government, Deputy Alan Kelly. I never received much of a response but I always found it interesting that Irish Water was taking over water supply and sewerage but did not want to know about surface water and flooding. Local authorities had been dealing with all four up to now but Irish Water has taken over the two that are most attractive, measurable and easily charged for. Flooding and surface water are unpredictable and Irish Water did not want to know about them. It is an indication that the whole idea behind designing Irish Water was always geared towards making it an entity which could eventually be sold. That is one of the main reasons Irish Water does not want to know anything about surface water or flooding. They are too unpredictable and hard to measure and no private industry on the planet would want to be involved with them.”
Mick Wallace.
Good heartiness is a result of proper supply and hygiene. How can medicaments hels up? Circumstances that can influence your choice when you are buying medications are different. Below are basic reasons about cialis vs levitra vs viagra which one is better. Surely there are also other momentous questions. Choosing the perfect treatment variant for a racy disease can get really confusing considering the advantages and disadvantages of the existing treatment methodologies. When you buy remedies like Cialis you have to remember about levitra vs cialis vs viagra. The most significant thing you must look for is which works better viagra or cialis or levitra. A long list of prescription drugs can lead to erectile malfunction, including many blood stress medicines, pain remedies, and most of antidepressants. Sometimes the treatment options may include erectile dysfunction remedies or hormone treatments.
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The Council on Aging is the Town’s general advisory board for matters affecting elders, and works directly with department staff and other town agencies on a wide range of programs and issues. The responsibilities of this Board include (1) To assist in identifying the needs and concerns and strengths of Needham's elderly and retired persons and those approaching retirement age; (2) To assist in designing, promoting, coordinating or implementing services and programs to meet those needs and concerns; (3) To assist in informing the community and enlisting the support and participation of all citizens in this effort; and (4) To work in coordination with programs of the Executive Office of Elder Affairs of the Commonwealth of Massachusetts.
Committee meetings are at least monthly from September through June, and more often as necessary. Membership terms are for three years.
Historical Commission (2 vacancies)
The Town of Needham is seeking to appoint two individuals to the Historical Commission. Duties for the Historical Commission include recording the historical assets of the Town for local and state inventories and reviewing any proposed demolition involving a listed property. Interested individuals must be registered voters in the Town. Membership terms are for three years.
MBTA Advisory Board
The MBTA Advisory Board is comprised of members (either chief elected officials or their designee) of each of the 175 cities and towns in the district. This representative of the Select Board will serve as Needham’s voting member to the MBTA Advisory Board. The Advisory Board mandate includes, but is not limited to, the following: provide public oversight of MBTA expenditure through a rigorous, MassDOT Board policy-mandated review of MBTA annual operating budget, review, advise, and confer with local leaders on the MBTA multi-year capital budget, consult with the Authority to create mechanisms for ensuring reliable, high-quality and cost-effective operations and implementing service quality standards (Chapter 161A, Section 5p) and consult with the Authority to maximize revenues, ridership growth and transit oriented development. This is a three-year appointment. Candidates for this appointment must be able to attend monthly meetings. Meetings are held once a month, in Boston, usually around 10:00 a.m.
Needham Community Television Development Corporation
The Needham Channel is a not-for-profit 501(c)3 organization that provides PEG (public access, educational and governmental) cable television programming for the residents of Needham through three public access channels available to Comcast, RCN and Verizon subscribers. Work is accomplished by a small full-time staff and a large number of community volunteers overseen by an Executive Director.
Board meetings are quarterly, but candidates should also be interested and willing to provide expertise and some time working with staff on projects in any one (or more) of the following areas:
- television and video production and broadcasting
- news and public affairs journalism
- marketing and promotion, especially outreach to local business
- supporting, cultivating and recognizing an active community of volunteers
Needham Community Revitalization Trust Fund (2 vacancies)
The mission of the Needham Community Revitalization Trust Fund (NCRTF) is to revitalize Needham public spaces and bring more art into the public venue through the use of private funds. The NCRTF fund allows private citizens, organizations and businesses to contribute to the general fund to help support a variety of NCRTF projects or directly to a specific NCRTF approved project within the Town.
The NCRTF Committee is composed of seven members. Members are chosen for their ability to represent a cross section of Town areas and interests. Project proposals are brought to the Committee for consideration by committee members and members of the community and Town government. Committee meets as often as required. Membership terms are for three years.
Technology Advisory Board
The Technology Advisory Board provides technical advice to all Town departments and the School Department in the formulation of technology plans and capital requests for voice, data and video systems. Qualified candidates should have an information technology background. Board meets monthly during the school year. Membership terms are for three years.
Water Sewer Rate Structure Committee
This Committee annually reviews the block rate structure and makes a recommendation to the Board of Selectmen. Qualified candidates would have previous experience or interest in public utilities and how rate structures work. This Committee meets several times each year. Membership terms are for three years.
With respect to all of the above vacancies, interested residents are requested to submit a brief letter of interest, summary of relevant experience, and contact information. Applications may be submitted in writing or by email, or may be completed online at: www.needhamma.gov/committeeform. Vacancies may remain open until a suitable candidate has been appointed.
Applications, or any questions or requests for information, may be submitted to:
Needham Select Board, Attn: Ms. Sandy Cincotta, Needham Town Hall, 1471 Highland Avenue, Needham, MA 02492 Tel: 781-455-7500 Email: scincotta@needhamma.gov.
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Aston Villa pip West Brom on penalties to reach final of Championship playoffs
May 15, 2019 11:02 PM , 5 news, a view
Aston Villa progressed to within one game of a return to the Premier League after edging West Midlands rivals West Bromwich Albion 4-3 on penalties in the Championship playoff semi-finals on Tuesday.
West Brom won 1-0 on the night at the Hawthorns to level the tie at 2-2 on aggregate thanks to Craig Dawson’s first-half header.
However, the Baggies’ hopes of an immediate return to the top-flight were dented when captain Chris Brunt was sent off 10 minutes from the end of normal time.
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Negrophilia: On Being British and Boxing
My initial interest in negrophilia grew out of my studies in art history. I came to the subject via what modern artists in the early decades of the 20th century called "primitivism". The term "negrophilia" itself describes the craze for black culture that was prevalent among avant-garde artists and bohemian types in 20s Paris, when to collect African art, to listen to black music and to dance with black people was a sign of being modern and fashionable. In the same way that, today, aspects of black culture such as hip hop, reggae, gangsta rap, locks and Afro hairstyles proliferate, in the 20s the craze was for dances such as the charleston, the lindy hop and the black bottom, for Bakerfix hair paste, and for wearing African-inspired clothes and accessories. This passion for black culture and a "primitivised" existence flourished in the aftermath of the first world war, when artists yearned for a simpler, idyllic lifestyle to counter modern life's mechanistic violence. But, even as the "negrophiles" of 20s Paris affirmed a love of black people, their relationships with them demonstrated, at least covertly, sentiments closer to fear - sentiments that still persist to this day. Black personalities were either lionised or demonised in a manner that denied normality. I felt that an examination of these mood swings from negrophilia to negrophobia might be a useful way to see how black people have historically become objects of affection or derision, and continue to be. Negrophilia is thus about western culture exploring its perceptions of difference in such a way that best reflects white people rather than their exoticised subjects. Such reflections are often highlighted in sport, the arts and popular entertainment, but they are particularly evident in boxing, a sport of extremes where, historically, whites and blacks have chosen controlled abuse to deal with each other. Fights between white and black boxers create interest because they provide an arena in which the myth of black savagery can be explored and confirmed and even supported. Boxing's ritualised order makes it possible for savage and civilised to meet and to challenge each other on equal terms, and sometimes to upset the "natural" order of things. The similarities between the career of Mike Tyson at the end of the 20th century and that of Jack Johnson, his black predecessor by almost 100 years, are remarkable and instructive, especially when used to compare attitudes and tolerance to race in America and Europe. Johnson, a Texan-born fighter, boxed his way to the heavyweight championship at a time when racial tension in the southern states of America was at its most virulent. He beat Canadian Tommy Burns in a world title fight in 1908 and followed this with victory over America's "great white hope", Jim Jeffries, in 1910. But Johnson was reviled by the American and British public alike. His victories had brought a new racial dimension to boxing, and had roused the wrath of the white supremacists, who recognised their significance. What was still more infuriating for white Americans was Johnson's cocky attitude both inside and outside the ring. He taunted opponents with abuse and racial slurs, and also had a penchant for courting white women - in fact, he married three. This flaunting of unwritten colour codes made his victories over white men both physically and sexually humiliating to them. Despite condemnation of Johnson's street-fighter tactics and of bouts that the press called "freak shows", there was no shortage of takers for ringside seats or for tickets to see his motion pictures (the turn-of-the-century equivalent of pay-per-view). The crowd's love-hate relationship with Johnson was good for the box office, and his brawling and abusive manner, combined with white vitriol, merely added to the high-risk entertainment. When Johnson skipped a jail sentence for abducting a white woman, by escaping to Europe, the British press met him with the same vehemence bestowed on Tyson when he returned to the ring after serving time for rape, and again after biting another boxer's ear. In the cases of both Johnson and Tyson, the press demonised the fighters and, in defence of the principles of pugilism, called for them to be banned from boxing. If nothing has been learned in the 90 years that separates their careers, perhaps something can be gained from examining Johnson's experience in Paris. Paris's reception for Jack Johnson was different. Boxing had been introduced to French culture after the 1789 Revolution through an anglophile sporting society. Despite its English origins, the revival of "la boxe", as the French called it, came to Paris via America, and was associated with fairground and circus attractions. Black men who participated in boxing events were feted for their feats of strength and likened to their African brothers. These "bad niggers" were greeted with fascination and curiosity. Unlike America, Paris posed no restriction to their fighting with white men, and after 1900 many black boxers gravitated to the city in search of title fights. Johnson came to Paris in 1913 and participated in a number of boxing exhibitions organised by the Nouveau Cirque. Although race difference provided the visible tensions to Johnson's fights, the invisible political and sexual tensions that his male physicality established in the ring were equally potent. In America, his flamboyant character and transgressive behaviour outside the ring roused white fears of violation and depredation. But in Paris, a city proud of its liberal race policies, the challenge to political and sexual issues was not always so blatant. In the relationship that avant-garde Paris established with black people at this time, sexuality was implicit rather than explicit. That said, the courtship of black culture by the Parisian avant-garde was an even greater slap in the face of the bourgeoisie and its values than a fist fight in the ring. Johnson was vilified by the French mainstream because he challenged its values; he was admired by the avant-garde for the same reason. The initial presence of blacks in Paris was considered rejuvenating, particularly for the bohemian set who cultivated the shadowy world of the jazz clubs and who called themselves "negrophiles" - figures such as the poet Guillaume Apollinaire, the art dealer Paul Guillaume, the shipping heiress and publisher Nancy Cunard, and the surrealist critic Michel Leiris. A few of these were even willing to disown their European heritage altogether in favour of black culture. Despite the negative historical implications of being called a "nigger lover", they used terms such as "négrophile" and "négrier" almost as terms of endearment to establish their status outside "civilised" society's moral boundaries. Being called a negrophile within the Parisian avant-garde affirmed one's defiant craze for black culture. "Blackness" was a sign of their modernity, reflected in the African sculptures that scattered their rooms alongside abstract paintings. Such orchestrated environments of tribal and modern became part of an invisible code that, rather like the decor of Dr Frasier Crane's apartment, defined their owners as cultured. Ephemeral that period may have been, but in the world of black and white little changes, and negrophilia endures to this day. Assessment of historical relationships offers a useful guide for understanding contemporary issues, and one can often glide between past and present in a way that is frightening, but thought-provoking. This summer has been particularly rewarding, because so many black sports stars, such as the Williams sisters, Mike Tyson and Lennox Lewis, have been in the limelight, with the press dragging out all the old expressions they seem to reserve for black subjects. Sports reports describing the new Wimbledon and US Open champion Venus Williams as a "demented doe" or a "predator", along with descriptions of her "impossibly long legs" and "octopus-like arms", demonstrate that even as black athletes are winning, they are still perceived in a particular, patronising way by white people. When Tyson recently beat the sense out of his white Texan opponent Lou Savarese, for instance, broadsheet and tabloid newspapers alike expressed outrage at his conduct. The 38-second whipping he gave Savarese shocked those watching, as did the accidental lick which toppled the referee. But the media generally focused on the ringside interview held immediately after the fight, during which Tyson hesitatingly pieced together his view of the contest, but then, suddenly conscious of the camera, seemed to go into overdrive. He declared himself ready to fight Britain's double world champion Lewis and threatened to rip out his heart and to "eat his babies". Repulsed, the British press called Tyson "tawdry", "mad" and ready for "the nuthouse". With his actions and words, Tyson may have exacerbated negative stereotypes of blacks, but it was revealing to see how the media, in its reaction to the outburst, drew on pervasive notions of violence and deviance that historically have been related not just to boxers but to blacks in general. Today, in a shrinking world, black culture informs a wider, global popular culture. Black music and fashion are particularly seductive. The black image in movies, magazines, videos and computer games is now an icon of modernity. But even as it is being lucratively marketed worldwide, there is still discussion about its "negative" influences, as the Tyson case shows. Perhaps to redress this imbalance, in Britain we are witnessing another swing of the pendulum back towards negrophilia, especially when the subject is media-friendly - the successful promotion of Zadie Smith and her novel White Teeth, for instance, seemed as much to do with interest in the author's mixed-race upbringing and striking good looks as the book's witty commentary about the changing face of Britain. Today's negrophilia is especially indulgent of black Britons who are willing to carry the flag in their endeavours. Perhaps as a sign of its tolerance and multiculturalism, the media has begun to look more closely at these black people as individuals. Recently, the press has adopted Lennox Lewis as one of its own and has framed him, at least in the boxing arena, as "Britain's last hope for glory". It is intriguing that Lewis is being billed as a "gentle giant" in contrast to Tyson's monstrousness, and that Lewis's relative civility in the ring is being seen as an aspect of his Britishness, rather than of his Canadian-ness or Jamaican-ness. This colouring of Britishness is a relatively new phenomenon. It will be interesting to see if the current wave of negrophilia will be sustained beyond the ring and the final count
Ebony Patterson Fashion Ova Style
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Pilot's Post to sponsor Team number one in Speed Rally
By Willie Bodenstein
Since its inception and the first Speed Rally hosted by the Secunda Flying Club 0n 12 October 2018 this new format has grown to such an extent that the number of entrants originally capped at 30 per event had to be increased to 35 due to demand from competitors. Still all the events were oversubscribed.
Speed Rally competitors at Secunda….
………..and at Springs
The main purpose of the series is to create a fun, fast paced, high energy, challenging and safe flying series of navigation races in which pilots can test and improve their skills. Unlike other Rallies, the Speed Rally format allows for GPS's to be used although this is frowned upon. No plotting is required; route and magnetic direction is pre-printed on maps that are provided 20 minutes before take-off. Course distance is an easy 120nm with chicanes between major turn points. Nice and easy to identify turn point photos are provided. Altitude is restricted to 6300' and the lowest height of AGL 300' is applied. Flight tests are available before each race to set handicap speed.
Three Rallies, Secunda, Springs and Morninstar have now been completed and the team of Phil Wakely and Mary de Klerk are currently the series leaders. When the opportunity arrived to sponsor a team in the Speed Rally series Pilot's Post jumped at it. We are indeed honoured to have Phil and Mary as our ambassadors in the Speed Rally series of races. We have no doubts that they will fly the flag high. The first Rally that the team will fly in Pilot's Post colours will be the Middelburg Rally. The Rally forms part of the Aero Club of South Africa's Air Week billed as four days of aviation fun.
Phil was born 28 March 1963 and grew up in Suffolk in the UK. Living close to an ex WWII RAF airfield Phil's passion for flying started early. He still vividly remembers occasionally being allowed into a de Havilland HS125 Dominie during one of his numerous visits to the field.
Phil got his PPL in the late 1980s after topping up his bond to allow the necessary funds to pay lessons and hours. Unfortunately, the price of flying in England was so prolific he could not afford to carry on. Fortunately, his then wife at the time worked for Britainia Airways and they could travel overseas on the cheap. South Africa became their favorite destination and flying once more became a possibility as it was so cheap in comparison to the UK due to the rand/pound exchange rate.
In 1997 they moved to South Africa and he bought his first aircraft, ZS-CEP, a PA22 in September 2002. His son Scott flew with him every weekend for many years until a power loss after takeoff happened in January 2007 on a farm strip near Krugersdorp. ZS-LLH, a C182, arrived in May the same year. During 2007 Scott and Phil did a few fun rallies and there he met Mary and she persuaded them to enter the 2008 PTAR. Since then he has never missed a PTAR. Scott has been flying commercially for a few years and has not been able to race since 2017 so Phil asked Mary if she was interested in being his navigator and consequently they flew together at last year's PTAR as well as Race for Rhinos in Botswana. When they heard of the new Speed Rally's, it seemed obvious that they should start this fun racing.
Mary de Klerk started flying at Virginia Airport in 1989 and two years later earned a place in the KZN Precision and Rally Flying Team. She was awarded Protea Colours in 1995 and has since represented South Africa in over 23 International Competitions all over the world in Rally Flying, Precision Flying and Air Navigation Racing. In 2011 she was one of only three international female pilots to compete in the World Precision Flying Championships which was held in Brits in the North West Province. She has also participated in many Air Races having won both the President's Trophy Air Race and the Race of Champions. She has participated in, captained and managed all three SA Flying Teams for the past 23 years. More recently and together with the expert aviation skills of Phil Wakeley, she has been ceded No 1 in the Speed Rally Series.
Mary has been an active member on the South African Power Flying Association (SAPFA) committee for many years and dedicates much of her time to running a very successful Fun Rally Program to introduce new blood into the sport of Rally and Precision Flying while continuing to participate herself. As an EAA member Mary has also had close links with the EAA Young Eagles program and worked to introduce young aviators into the sport of Rally Flying.
In 2020 Mary will act as Competition Director for the 23rd FAI WORLD RALLY FLYING CHAMPIONSHIPS which will be held in Stellenbosch and which has attracted hundreds of international participants and families from all over the world. It is Mary's Mission to uplift and make a positive difference in the World of General Aviation in South Africa.
Pilot's Post, the official media partner of the Aero Club of South Africa, is an online aviation magazine now in its eighth year of publication that focusses on aviation events, history, products and stories in South Africa as well as the rest of the world. Pilot's Post publish updates twice a week (every Sunday and every Wednesday) to ensure that our readers are updated and entertained without the long delays as with traditional printed media. We aim to cover all aviation events in South Africa so that we may share the experience with readers in other regions or with those who could not make it to the event.
Advertising with Pilot's Post is cost-effective and affordable to all. Basic advertising packages start from as little as R1600.00 per month through to more advanced options for those who require higher visibility. Unique to Pilot's Post is our video advertising packages.
Our monthly electronically generated advertising statistic report show advertisers the number of times their advertisements were displayed and the number of times they were clicked on by readers to access the advertiser's website, information that allows you to track the effectiveness of your advertising.
Averaging more than 245,000 hits per month from almost 40,000 unique readers across all spectrums of the aviation industry your advert will reach your target market. Pilot's Post is also the official media channel for the Aero Club of South Africa who boasts more than 3400 members. This forms part of your target market and members are kept abreast on a weekly basis of all events and news regarding the club and the aviation industry in general.
For more information on advertising in Pilot's Post go to sales@pilotspost.com
SAPFA
Aviation Economy
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First Lady Michelle Obama Visits the Berlin Holocaust Memorial
June 20, 2013 by PJV Contributor Leave a Comment
— by Lena Salzbank
Today, First Lady Michelle Obama and her daughters, Malia and Sasha, visited Berlin’s Holocaust memorial to commemorate the European Jews who were murdered during the Holocaust. This stop was part of their tour of four key sites related to Germany’s history during WWII and the Cold War.
At the memorial, the first family was faced with 2,700 concrete slabs that evoke a cemetery, engaging visitors who come to pay their respect to the millions of Jews who were murdered. The site was cleared of visitors and the family was able to wander the area alone. Photos show Michelle Obama hugging her daughters as they enter the emotional Holocaust memorial.
Filed Under: Uncategorized Tagged With: Berlin, NJDC, Obama, Salzbank, Video
Happy 90th Birthday President Peres!
— by Jason Berger
Yesterday, Israeli President Shimon Peres started his 90th birthday celebration in the only way he knows: in style. The list of celebrities and politicians joining President Peres is long, and it includes President Bill Clinton, Chicago Mayor Rahm Emanuel, Barbara Streisand and Robert De Niro.
Haaretz wrote about what President Clinton had to say to President Peres:
Former U.S. President Bill Clinton delivered his much awaited speech, telling Peres, “You are the world’s social Einstein.”
“You have tried to put together a unified theory of meaning to unite politics and philosophy and psychology and history and science and technology,” he said. ” Every one of us who has been blessed enough to know you… has been made a little bigger, a little stronger, and a little more optimistic that one day your theory will be real.”
“On your 90th birthday, what we really celebrate, is your great gift to all of us. God bless you.”
Following the jump are a excerpts from the interviews the press has been conducting with President Peres.
Q: How do you see Secretary of State John Kerry’s efforts to get the peace process going again?
A: I’m impressed by his seriousness, his devotion, but I don’t underrate the difficulties that he’s facing. I think we have to stand by his side and help him to fulfill his mission, which is our hope…
Q: You’ve been outspoken in saying Israel should not bomb the Iranian nuclear program unilaterally. Do you still feel that way?
A: I won’t talk about it. I want to say that I think President Obama proposed a policy which is reasonable and, in my eyes, acceptable. He committed himself that he will not permit a nuclear Iran, and he says the way to achieve it is to start by nonmilitary means without excluding such a [military] possibility. Now, what America can do, we cannot do. But if America and we can act together, it is for us the right thing to do. I don’t think we have to monopolize the danger of Iran, because I think Iran is a danger to all of us.
A: For me, what is important is tomorrow, the next day. What happened until now is over, unchangeable. I’m not going to spend time on it. So I am really living in the future. I really think that one should devote his energies to make the world better and not to make the past remembered better…
I am not running for anything and I am not running away from anything. I am trying where I can to be a unifier, to unite. When I have to voice my view I do, and I shall continue to do it.
Foreign Policy:
Q: How important is the United States to the survival of Israel?
A: Very. I believe vision precedes strategy; not only for Israel, but for the entirety of humanity. Many nations became great or attempted to achieve greatness by taking from the other. The United States became great by giving, not by taking. The one that contributes generates friendship, which is always wiser and cheaper than creating animosity…
Q: What impact did President Obama’s visit have?
A: A tremendous impact. He was wise, sincere, and friendly. He brought a fresh breeze to the Middle East, which reinvigorated public opinion in the region and encouraged everyone to believe that we can achieve a better tomorrow. The people of Israel want peace and are willing to pay the price for peace. President Obama’s visit encouraged them to believe that it can happen and made clear to the people of Israel, once again, that the United States is a true, dedicated, and loyal friend of the state of Israel. It was a historic visit and a hopeful moment for us all.
Filed Under: Uncategorized Tagged With: Berger, Clinton, In Their Own Words, Israel, Kerry, NJDC, Peres
Alienating Chosen People With Extremely Anti-Choice Bill
— by David Streeter
The National Jewish Democratic Council expressed concern over today’s vote by House Republicans in support of its latest extreme anti-choice bill.
“With all the talk of broadening the GOP base, Republicans seem unable to resist taking extreme action on the floor of the U.S. House of Representatives,” said NJDC Executive Director Aaron Keyak. “By forcing a vote on a doomed and radically anti-choice bill, Republicans are once again alienating the vast majority of American Jews — including Jewish Republicans who have specifically urged the GOP to ease up on social issues.”
More after the jump.
Polls show that the Jewish community is one of the most pro-choice demographics in America. The Public Religion Research Institute found in 2012 that 93% of the Jewish community as a whole supports a woman’s right to choose, including 77% of Jewish Republicans.
In addition, the Republican Jewish Coalition (RJC) specifically urged the Republican Party to focus less on social issues. The RJC said in its “Blueprint for Victory” video that there are “real concerns over the Republican Party’s views on social issues, such as abortion and gay marriage,” and that the GOP “must earn the trust and votes of non-traditional Republicans” — which includes Jews and women.
Filed Under: Uncategorized Tagged With: Abortion, Choice, Keyak, NJDC, RJC, Streeter
For Samantha Power, Support for Israel Is Deeply Personal & Proven
On Saturday, The Jewish Daily Forward‘s Nathan Guttman published an article on Samantha Power, President Obama’s nominee for U.N. Ambassador, and her commitment to Israel. Guttman’s piece opened with a story from 2009 in which Power is meeting with Israeli officials. In the middle of their discussion, she pulled out a picture of her son and described how her husband Cass Sustein is a descendent of the, “Vilna Gaon, Rabbi Eliyahu ben Shlomo Zalman Kremer, the 18th-century Jewish sage who is considered the greatest talmudic scholar of his time.”
Guttman concluded that while this might partially explain Power’s commitment to Israel, it is not the only reason. Former Deputy Chief of Mission at the Israeli Embassy in Washington D.C. Dan Arbel explains that for as long as he has known Power, her strong sentiment towards Israel has always been second nature. He states, “Her starting point has always been, ‘How do we work together to overcome obstacles and to ensure that both the United States and Israel get out of these U.N. situations with the least damage?”
Guttman also discussed how Power dealt with almost every Israel-related issue at the U.N. during Ambassador Susan Rice’s tenure. According to an Administration official, “She was involved in any brush fire at the United Nations. After [U.N. Ambassador] Susan Rice, she was the most influential person on U.N. issues.”
Most impressively, though, are the Israelis who are praising the Power selection. Guttman noted:
Israeli officials noted Power’s leadership role in getting the administration to pull out of the 2009 Durban II anti-racism conference because of its anti-Israel bias. They also applauded her work in defeating the P.A.’s 2011 drive to achieve recognition for Palestine as an independent state through the United Nations Security Council. Power’s strong profile on these two issues, said Jarrod Bernstein, who served until recently as liaison to the Jewish community at the White House, shows “two instances in which she distinguished herself as being on the right side of the community.”
Power also participated in discussions that sought to dissipate the difficulties that Israel faced as a result of the 2009 Goldstone Report, which alleged that Israel had committed war crimes during its military campaign in Gaza the previous year.
Power was instrumental, too, in protecting Israel following the widespread condemnation it faced in 2010 for its attack on the Mavi Marmara, a Turkish ship that sought to deliver a shipment of humanitarian goods to Gaza in violation of the blockade that Israel had imposed on the territory. Before leaving her NSC post, Power, according to an official involved in those talks, worked on strategies for preventing Israel’s adversaries in this episode from pursuing their case at the International Criminal Court in Hague.
Click here to learn what others have said in regards to the Samantha Power selection.
Filed Under: Uncategorized Tagged With: Arbel, Berger, Durban, Forward, Goldstone, Guttman, Israel, Kremer, Mavi Marmara, NJDC, Power, Rice, Sustein
U.S. Calls for Richard Falk’s Resignation From the UN
Eileen Donahoe
— by Sara Fried
The United States called for the resignation of Richard Falk, U.N. special rapporteur on Palestinian human rights, following his statements against the pro-Israel group UN Watch. Eileen Chamberlain Donahoe, U.S. Representative to the Human Rights Council, said:
The United States completely rejects and condemns the irresponsible call by Mr. Richard Falk, U.N. Special Rapporteur for the Palestinian Territories, to investigate a legitimate and U.N.-accredited NGO, UN Watch. His statement and recommendation, if given credibility, would threaten the independent voice of civil society at the United Nations.
Continued after the jump.
Mr. Falk’s most recent statement, which he dramatically and recklessly included in an official U.N. document, is characteristic of previous reprehensible comments and actions he has made during his tenure as a special rapporteur. It once again starkly demonstrates that he is unfit to serve in his role as a U.N. special rapporteur.
His views and behavior, both official and unofficial, are offensive and provocative and do nothing to advance peace in the Middle East or to further the protection and promotion of human rights. We again call for his resignation.
According to JTA, Falk accused UN Watch of “‘demeaning’ and ‘defaming’ his character, damaging the ‘credibility,’ ‘effectiveness’ and ‘substantive intention’ of his mandate.” His criticisms of UN Watch followed the organization’s resolution to remove him from his position, after he blamed the Boston Marathon bombings on “the American global domination project” and “Tel Aviv.”
Abraham Foxman
The Anti-Defamation League (ADL) praised Ambassador Donahoe for her statement against Falk. ADL National Director Abraham Foxman said:
We fully agree with Ambassador Donahoe’s conclusion that Mr. Falk is ‘unfit to serve in his role as a U.N. special rapporteur.’ His continued affiliation with the U.N. makes a mockery out of the Human Rights Council’s founding purpose, and undermines the important work of the U.N. If he does not leave voluntarily, the Human Rights Council should remove him.
Filed Under: Uncategorized Tagged With: Donahoe, Falk, Foxman, Fried, NJDC, UN
Rice and Power Picked for Top Foreign Policy Jobs
June 6, 2013 by PJV Contributor Leave a Comment
Yesterday, President Obama announced that after more than four years overseeing the work of the National Security Council, Tom Donilon will depart in July as National Security Advisor and will be succeeded by Susan Rice. Ambassador Rice will be succeeded by Samantha Power as the next U.S. Ambassador to the United Nations, pending Senate confirmation.
Reactions from BBI, NJDC and JCPA follow the the jump.
Susan Rice and Samantha Power
B’nai B’rith International has issued the following statement, welcoming Rice’s appointment:
Rice was previously the U.S. ambassador to the United Nations and served as a positive force within the world body. She often defended Israel against malicious one-sided resolutions intended to demonize and delegitimize the Jewish state. Rice spoke at the United Nations about the importance of direct negotiation between the parties to the Middle East conflict and urged the world body to resist unilateral measures aimed at circumventing the peace process.
Rice also expressed U.S. support for strong international sanctions against Iran and made clear America’s determination to prevent the regime in Tehran from acquiring nuclear weapons.
B’nai B’rith looks forward to working with Rice in her new position. We hope that in her new role she will be a force for advancing the same principles she fought for at the U.N.
National Jewish Democratic Council (NJDC) Chair Marc R. Stanley said:
On behalf of the NJDC Board, I want to thank Tom Donilon for his service to the Obama Administration. Donilon has been a part of President Obama’s most significant defense policy decisions, including the Administration’s work to strengthen the U.S.-Israel relationship. We wish him the best in his future endeavors.
Without question, Susan Rice has served the Obama Administration well in the United Nations and has made combatting anti-Israel bias a top priority for the U.S. delegation. NJDC commends her for her work at the U.N. and we know that she will serve the President effectively as his new National Security Advisor. We also congratulate Samantha Power on her selection and have full confidence that she will continue Rice’s work on behalf of the United States and Israel in U.N. bodies.
JCPA President Rabbi Steve Gutow said:
Both Susan Rice and Samantha Power have been dedicated public servants and important partners in our work. As Ambassador to the U.N., Rice has played a crucial role in strengthening the U.S.-Israel relationship and has been a steadfast ally for the Jewish state through many pressing challenges. Just a few weeks ago, leaders from the JCPA, The Jewish Federations of North America, UJA-Federation of New York, and the JCRC of New York visited Amb. Rice and gave her a mezuzah for her New York office in honor of her staunch support for Israel and as a symbol of her friendship with the American Jewish community. We look forward to continuing our work together when she returns to Washington and assumes her new role.
We have also worked closely with Samantha Power over the years in her roles as journalist, activist, and government official. Power has been a critical voice on human rights issues and we are very proud of our joint work to confront atrocities, including that in Darfur and the ongoing crisis in Sudan.
Filed Under: Uncategorized Tagged With: B'nai B'rith, BBI, Donilon, JCPA, NJDC, Obama, Power, Rice
Senator Frank Lautenberg Dies at 89
Senator Frank Lautenberg (D-N.J.), the last World War II veteran in the Senate, died today at the age of 89. (John Dingell (D-MI) and Ralph M. Hall (R-TX) are the two surviving World War II veterans in the House of Representatives.) He served in the Senate continuously in the years 1982-2001, and again since 2003.
Lautenberg wrote the legislation that set the national drinking age at 21. According to the National Highway Traffic Safety Administration this law saved 4,441 lives between 2003 and 2008.
His legislation has also lowered the blood alcohol level threshold for drunk driving to 0.08%.
During the Bush administration, Lautenberger repeatedly introduced legislation to close the terrorist loophole which allowed American companies to set up offices in the Cayman Islands and continue to do business with the National Iranian Oil Company.
A former two-pack-a-day smoker, Lautenberg wrote legislation that banned smoking on airplanes, federal buildings, and federally funded buildings that serviced children. This was one of the first restrictions on smoking in America.
The Senator also sponsored the legislation which bans access to firearms by people convicted of crimes of domestic violence.
After the jump: President Obama and Jewish organizations mourn the loss.
Lautenberg was the last World War II veteran in the United States Senate.
The White House issued the following statement by President Barack Obama:
Michelle and I were deeply saddened to learn of the passing of Senator Frank Lautenberg, a proud New Jerseyan who lived America’s promise as a citizen, and fought to keep that promise alive as a senator.
The son of working-class immigrants, Frank joined the Army during World War II, went to college on the GI Bill, and co-founded one of America’s most successful companies. First elected to the Senate in 1982, he improved the lives of countless Americans with his commitment to our nation’s health and safety, from improving our public transportation to protecting citizens from gun violence to ensuring that members of our military and their families get the care they deserve. Michelle and I extend our deepest condolences to Bonnie, the Lautenberg family, and the people of New Jersey, whom Frank served so well.
National Jewish Democratic Council (NJDC) Chair Marc R. Stanley issued the following statement:
The entire National Jewish Democratic Council family extends its deepest condolences to Senator Frank Lautenberg’s family, friends, and the people of New Jersey. The late Senator leaves behind a distinguished record of public and Jewish communal service that distinguishes him as a giant among American Jewish political leaders. He was a staunch defender of progressive ideals and a stalwart advocate for the State of Israel and the American Jewish community. Lautenberg was a true friend to NJDC and we will forever miss his wisdom and insight.
B’nai B’rith International mourns the passing of Sen. Frank Lautenberg (D-N.J.). Lautenberg was a World War II veteran and a dear friend of the Jewish community. As a senator from New Jersey for more than 28 years, he was a staunch supporter of Israel, a champion of free emigration for Soviet and Iranian Jews, and a booster of the rights of Jewish refugees from the Middle East.
Lautenberg died the morning of June 3 at the age of 89 due to complications from viral pneumonia. He was the oldest member and the last World War II veteran to serve in Congress.
Lautenberg was a respected voice on many human rights issues, and he was key in enacting a number of health and safety laws.
The five-term senator was well respected amongst his colleagues and constituents. Our thoughts and prayers go out to his family and friends.
Left to right: Joy Malkus, Marcia Balonick,
Sen. Lautenberg, and Betsy Sheerr
The Jewish Council for Public Affairs President Rabbi Steve Gutow and Chair Larry Gold said:
Senator Lautenberg’s passing is a loss for all of us and we will be forever grateful for his leadership, thoughtfulness and friendship. He exemplified the Jewish values of social justice and compassion which is why we were honored to award him the Al Chernin Award in 2007, in recognition of his leadership and service. With his death, we have lost the last veteran of World War II in the Senate and a Jewish and American leader who was clearly committed to a better world for all.
The Republican Jewish Coalition Executive Director Matt Brooks said:
Frank Lautenberg was a staunch supporter of Israel and a leader in Jewish communal life. He served his country during World War II and in decades of dedicated public service. His work in the Senate helped thousands of Soviet Jews and other victims of religious persecution to reach freedom. He was a proud Jew and a proud American. May his family and friends be comforted among the mourners of Zion and Jerusalem.
Filed Under: Uncategorized Tagged With: B'nai B'rith, BBI, Lautenberg, NJDC, Obama, RJC
Obama Fixes Absence of Plan to Attack Iran
After 9/11, Bush made clear that Iran was on his sights
— by Jacob Miller
President Barack Obama’s speech last week at the National Defense University has brought the United States’ foreign policy and continuing war on terror to the forefront. Bloomberg’s Jeffery Goldberg released an opinion piece entitled “Can Obama Clean Up Bush’s National Security Mess?” Goldberg highlighted several mistakes and oversights President George W. Bush had on national security:
In the days after the Sept. 11 attacks, the Bush administration made clear to the world that it had the Islamic Republic of Iran in its sights….
So it was with shock (and with something like the opposite of awe) that, seven years later, the newly elected Barack Obama learned that the Bush administration had never even drawn up plans for attacking Iran’s nuclear facilities. Obama discovered this when he asked his generals for their plan, and they had none. Bush had never asked for one. The bellicose rhetoric on Iran, in other words, was empty of substance.
This revelation is surprising given that President Bush made a point of highlighting Iran as a member of the “axis of evil.” President Obama has rectified this mess. Instead of blaming President Bush, he has taken action:
A senior administration official told me that Obama soon ordered Robert Gates, the holdover secretary of defense, to draw up preparations. Not because Obama wanted to attack, but because it seemed absurd and irresponsible that his predecessor had labeled Iran a member of the “axis of evil” without even having a plan to confront such evil, and because Obama, despite allegations to the contrary, takes the threat of a nuclear Iran seriously.
Inside the White House, the no-Iran-plan fiasco is used to illustrate a larger point: Obama, on taking office, inherited 10 kinds of mess from Bush on national security. The administration is cautious about publicly blaming Bush for these messes, because it suspects — correctly — that the public isn’t interested in excuses about problems created or exacerbated by a president who left office more than four years ago.
Filed Under: Uncategorized Tagged With: Bush, Iran, Miller, NJDC, Obama
Politico: Former GOP Critics Praise Hagel
May 30, 2013 by PJV Contributor Leave a Comment
Some of Secretary of Defense Chuck Hagel’s toughest Republican critics have praised his tenure as Secretary of Defense. From Politico:
“I’m very pleased,” said Sen. Lindsey Graham, the South Carolina Republican who during his confirmation hearing grilled Hagel on controversial remarks he made about Israel. Graham voted against Hagel but now says he’s happy with the way Hagel has tackled a flurry of national security challenges in his first three months on the job.
Senator Kelly Ayotte (R-NH), also formerly a staunch Hagel opponent, approved to Politico of the job he has done thus far:
I think he’s trying to bring people together, even people who didn’t support him. So I appreciate his efforts, and I think he’s off to a good start.
In his short tenure as Secretary of Defense, Hagel has astutely navigated the immense challenges of sequestration — a $40 billion cut on his first day — an unpredictable and dangerous North Korea, and the volatile Middle East. It is great to see that Republicans are giving credit where credit is due. Hagel has done an great job thus far — especially concerning the US-Israel relationship.
Filed Under: Uncategorized Tagged With: Ayotte, Graham, hagel, Miller, NJDC, Politico
Gov. Haley Fixes Appointing White Supremacist as Campaign Co-Chair
Last week, South Carolina Governor Nikki Haley announced the appointment of Roan Garcia-Quintana to her Grassroots Advisory Committee. A report from the Southern Poverty Law center showed that Garcia-Quintana had deep links to the Council of Conservative Citizens (CCC). CCC is designated as a nationalist hate group. After pressure from the Southern Poverty Law Center and NJDC, Governor Haley announced she was removing Garcia Quintana. Garcia-Quintana’s white supremacist statements and actions have also been well documented by the Anti-Defamation League.
Post and Curier report after the jump.
Today Brian Hicks of the Post and Courier wrote about the decision:
Last week, the National Jewish Democratic Council pointed out Garcia-Quintana’s affiliation with the Council of Conservative Citizens — a group that opposes the promotion of “non-white” races over European Americans — and asked the governor to dump him.
The cynical view here is that Haley used the holiday weekend to distance herself some from unnecessary controversy. Self-preservation is nothing new from the governor’s office.
But maybe Haley actually didn’t want to associate with a guy who holds intolerant views, which would bode well for her political maturity.
Or maybe she just realized it would have looked hypocritical to get indignant about Jake Knotts’ “raghead” comment and then ignore this.
Whatever the reason, she did the right thing.
Filed Under: Uncategorized Tagged With: Garcia-Quintana, Haley, Miller, NJDC, Post and Courier, SC
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OGE/OPA Photo Contest
ONG/OPA Column & Editorial Contest
OPA Better Newspaper Contest
Milt Phillips Award
ONF Beachy Musselman Award
Quarter and Half Century Clubs
Outdoor Writer of the Year
Ray Lokey Memorial Award for Excellence in Reporting
Magazine Contest
Home > Contests & Awards > Ray Lokey Memorial Award for Excellence in Reporting
The Ray Lokey Memorial Award for Excellence in Reporting was established by readers of the Johnston County Capital-Democrat to honor its former publisher, John Raiford “Ray” Lokey.
CLICK HERE TO DOWNLOAD THE
2018 Ray Lokey Memorial Award for Excellence in Reporting – Rules and Info
WINNER RECEIVES $500
with a plaque and recognition during the OPA Convention
The 2017-18 award was presented in June 2018 to
JAMES BEAL of the ENID NEWS & EAGLE.
PURPOSE OF THE AWARD:
The Ray Lokey Memorial Award for Excellence in Reporting honors an individual writer whose published work demonstrates a dedication to well researched, responsible and fact-driven journalism for the benefit of their community and the newspaper industry.
ENTRY CRITERIA:
Entries must be written by a staff member at an OPA business member newspaper and articles must include the writer’s byline.
Writers should submit three to six articles published between Jan. 1 and Dec. 31, 2018.
Any corrections or clarifications that were published as a result of the articles must be submitted.
UPLOAD ENTRIES AT http://betternewspapercontest.com/opa
When submitting an entry, the Division is “Special Awards” and category
is “Ray Lokey Memorial Award.” Submit full-page tearsheets. Indicate the
articles/columns to be judged by typing the headlines in the Headline field.
A letter explaining why the nominated writer(s) is deserving of the award is allowed but not required.
DEADLINE: All entries must be submitted by Monday, Feb. 11, 2019.
THERE IS NO ENTRY FEE to enter this contest.
ABOUT RAY LOKEY
A third-generation publisher, John Raiford “Ray” Lokey published the Johnston County Capital-Democrat in Tishomingo from 1990 until his death in 2017.
He served as president of the Oklahoma Press Association in 2003-2004, and received OPA’s highest honor, the Milt Phillips Award, in 2014. He also served on the Oklahoma Newspaper Foundation Board of Trustees for more than a decade, serving as president from 2014 to 2016.
In 2007 he received ONF’s Beachy Musselman Award for his outstanding reporting and community involvement.
He began as a newspaper boy on his 11th birthday. After being editor of the high school newspaper, he entered the University of Oklahoma as a McMahon Scholar, earning a B.A. in journalism in 1977.
He earned his M.A. in education/English from Southeastern Oklahoma State University in 1983, where he also served as news editor for The Southeastern.
He then taught English at Marietta High School and was public information officer at Murray State College where he advised The Aggielite.
As a youth, Lokey earned the rank of Eagle Scout and remained active in the Boy Scouts throughout his life. In 2017 he received the Arbuckle Area Council’s Golden Eagle Award. He also was a Vigil Honor member of the Order of the Arrow and served as Lodge Chief of Wisawanik Lodge No. 190.
An active member of his community, Lokey served on numerous boards in Tishomingo and was presented the 2002 “Citizen of the Year” award by the Johnston County Chamber of Commerce.
Lokey accepts the Milt Phillips Award in 2014. The award is the highest honor presented by the Oklahoma Press Association. The OPA Board of Directors selects the recipient based on publishing a high-quality newspaper; contribution to the profession and the newspaper industry; years of service to the community, state and nation in a variety of volunteer activities and strong love and dedication to the family.
Lokey accepts the 2015 OGE Photo of the Year award for the weekly newspaper division from Randy Swanson, OGE Energy Corp. You can view Ray's photo here.
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RDLC Religion
Advanced Theological Study
Counseling for Pastors
Black lives matter is designed to change the fabric of a society. Christianity teaches that black lives do not matter. The European and American education system teaches that Black lives do not matter. It is impossible to use the intellectual mind or religion to solve this problem, because the problem is in the mind. If the solution to the merging battle grounds between police, the goverment enforcer of cultural beliefs, and the people, and the belief that all men are born with the rights to life, liberty and the pursuits of happiness, are to be achieved without a blood bath and another civil war, then a different path of leadership must develop. America cannot solve this problem, because America is the problem. America, the step child of England and Germany was founded on Eugenics.There is no way that the high priest of Christian thought or the intellectual minds of Ivy League Universities can solve this problem without going to the source, and time is almost out. Power does not surrender except through force. Black men do not march into ovens, the topic is not up for discussion.
Home → Cultural Anthropolgy → Black lives matter is designed to change the fabric of a society. Christianity teaches that black lives do not matter. The European and American education system teaches that Black lives do not matter. It is impossible to use the intellectual mind or religion to solve this problem, because the problem is in the mind. If the solution to the merging battle grounds between police, the goverment enforcer of cultural beliefs, and the people, and the belief that all men are born with the rights to life, liberty and the pursuits of happiness, are to be achieved without a blood bath and another civil war, then a different path of leadership must develop. America cannot solve this problem, because America is the problem. America, the step child of England and Germany was founded on Eugenics.There is no way that the high priest of Christian thought or the intellectual minds of Ivy League Universities can solve this problem without going to the source, and time is almost out. Power does not surrender except through force. Black men do not march into ovens, the topic is not up for discussion.
Leadership Challenges for Nations in Transition
England conquered the world with the Bible and a sword. Nations of the world were taught all they had to do was to obey, submit and follow the words of the Lord and they would not feel the sword on their necks. Parents were told to teach their sons submission, and they maybe spared, but usually not. This rein of Bible and sword are coming to an end, and nations are taking back their power by any means necessary. How does leadership handle this transition in power?
Eugenics, Racism, Germany, Great Britian United States
Eugenics is a scheme for improving the human race by controlling reproduction. The practice of eugenics reached its height in the period between the late nineteenth century and World War II, when German Nazis carried eugenic principles to the extremes of mass sterilization and genocide. Different forms of eugenics have been practiced around the world and are currently in effect in the People’s Republic of China, where reproduction is strictly limited. With the advent of medical research such as the Human Genome Project, society is still trying to resolve the ethical issues raised by eugenic theories.
The general concept of eugenics is first mentioned in Greek records dating back to 368 BC. Plato and Aristotle both refer to the city state’s need for healthy citizens to form an elite ruling class and army. In this earliest blueprint for eugenics, men and women were encouraged to reproduce when they were at the peak of their physical and mental powers, in order to conceive the healthiest and most intelligent children. This underlying principle of striving for an ideal society through selective breeding is one that has motivated eugenicists throughout history.
The term eugenics, which from its Greek roots means “good in birth,” was coined by Francis Galton in 1883. A wealthy cousin of Charles Darwin, Galton believed society’s sympathy for the weak prevented proper evolution. The Industrial Revolution of the late nineteenth century brought with it a fascination with measurement and statistics. In this climate, Darwin proposed his theory ofthe survival of the fittest, and Galton advocated a form of selection that restricted undesirable people from reproducing. Eugenicists and Social Darwinists believed in the idea of superiority of one “race” over another. Invariably, proponents of eugenics saw their own class and race as most deserving of propagation.
The theory of eugenics was very popular with intellectuals and academics suchas H.G. Wells, the young Winston Churchill, George Bernard Shaw, Alexander Graham Bell, John Maynard Keynes, Theodore Roosevelt and Calvin Coolidge.
Galton believed intelligence and other admired traits were inherited apart from environmental influence. With a determination to maximize brilliance and prevent “feeblemindedness,” Galton encouraged “good” marriages that would produce highly intelligent males and ultimately assure the stock of the next generation.
Galton’s presentation of eugenics came on the heels of Charles Darwin’s 1859book, The Origin of Species. Evolutionary theory took precedence as the human race was divided into the “fit” and “unfit,” and eugenics became thescientific community’s calling as it promoted ways in which, according to Galton, “social control may improve or impair the racial qualities of future generations whether physically or mentally.” Darwin quoted Galton repeatedly in his next book, The Descent of Man. Galton and Darwin agreed that intelligence, courage, and good and bad moods were influenced by family upbringing, while features such as mental illness tended to be inherited.
Social Darwinists saw medical care as giving the “weak” an increased ability to survive, instead of allowing nature to take its course and eliminate defective people. In Germany, there was a growing fear that medical intervention and welfare policies were enabling weak and impoverished citizens to survive and sap the country’s resources. German Social Darwinist Alfred Ploetz introduced the term “racial hygiene” and criticized those who helped the weak survive. Ploetz popularized the argument that racial hygiene benefited all people.
Support for eugenics and racial hygiene increased with the encouragement of Margaret Sanger in the United States. As a leader in the movement for global birth control, Sanger declared, “More children from the fit, less from the unfit-that is the chief issue of birth control,” a theory that was readily accepted by the community during this period. Eugenicists began to influence public concern that society was afflicted by the “unfit,” and they demanded government action. By 1912, 34 states had passed laws that denied the insane the right to marry, nine states restricted marriage of epileptics, and 15 banned mentally retarded people from marrying one other. Legislatures continued to bemotivated by economic and social considerations and argued that “feebleminded” citizens should not be given the chance to pass undesirable traits on to their children.
Sterilization laws were most popular in the Atlantic region, the Midwest, and California, with California carrying out, by 1933, more eugenic sterilizations than the rest of the United States combined. In Canada, sterilization efforts were most popular in British Columbia and Alberta. The North American laws focused on the inmates of state institutions for the mentally handicapped and mentally ill. Since wealthier families could afford private care for their relatives with mental handicaps and mental illness, the laws tended to discriminate against the poor. Figures gathered from California records show that based on their representation in the state’s population, African Americans and foreign immigrants were subjected to sterilization at double the rate of other Californians. However, most states did not enforce sterilization laws, and more than a third of American states never passed such laws.
Despite the popularity of eugenic theories, there were opponents, including another of Darwin’s cousins, Josiah Wedgewood, who fought to prevent eugenics laws from being passed before the first world war. Great Britain passed the Mental Deficiency Act in 1913, which authorized eugenic sterilization, over the objections of civil libertarians. Roman Catholics opposed sterilization on religious grounds, and in North America, Catholics had political grounds as well, as many immigrants were Catholic.
In the United States, “mentally defective” patients were institutionalized in increasing numbers, overcrowding mental asylums. As a result, a more radical approach to eliminating the “unfit” came to fruition. Sterilization was supported widely in the United States and in European countries such as Great Britain and Germany.
Pennsylvania was the first state to enact a coercive sterilization statute in 1907. Twenty-four states passed laws that encouraged sterilization of those who were mentally retarded, insane, or had criminal records. This type of involuntary sterilization led to the infamous 1927 Supreme Court case of Buck v. Bell, which charged that social prejudice was the primary motive behind the decision to perform a coerced surgical procedure on Carrie Buck, a “feebleminded” young woman from an indigent family in Virginia. After argument that Buck was denied her due process as guaranteed by the Fourteenth Amendment, the court ruled that Buck’s sterilization was legal. Buck’s attorney appealed, which ultimately led to the Supreme Court’s ruling against Buck. This decision, based on eugenic theory, was not reversed for four decades.
The eugenics movement reached its climax in the early twentieth century, with American biologist Charles Davenport proposing that certain “racial stock” was superior in such areas as intelligence, hard work and cleanliness. Davenport’s theories of human evolution were derived from the rediscovered genetic experiments of the Austrian monk, Gregor Mendel, who observed the transmissionof dominant and recessive traits by breeding peas. For the eugenics movement, Mendel’s research answered many mysteries of human heredity. The movement continued to grow with the founding of several societies, including the Society for Racial Hygiene by Ploetz in 1905, the Eugenic Society of Great Britainin 1908, and in 1923 the American Eugenics Society, which quickly formed 29 chapters across the country. Virginia’s 1924 Racial Integrity Act was emblematic of the racial component of eugenics. In the early twentieth century, eugenic policies supported many existing racial hierarchies.
Promoting better breeding while preventing poor breeding became the eugenicsmovement creed. Citizens could participate by competing in “fitter family” and “better baby” competitions at county fairs and exhibitions throughout the United States. “Fit families” were measured on an elusive scale which nevertheless included an IQ test, and a Wasserman test for syphilis.
World War I set many fears in motion, and the Immigration Act of 1924 established strict quotas limiting immigrants from countries with “inferior” stock into the United States. The worldwide economic depression of 1929 intensified pressure for forced sterilization.
Adolf Hitler began to take notice of America’s interest in eugenics. With Germany in economic turmoil after the war, Hitler exploited the needy population and gained control with his first command to change the country’s sterilization law from voluntary to mandatory. From1934 to 1937, 400,000 sterilizations took place in Germany, compared to 30,000 sterilized on eugenic grounds in the United States by 1939. Hitler began a euthanasia program in 1939 by secretly authorizing doctors to grant merciful deaths to the incurably ill. This led to the mercy killing of more than 70,000 patients in less than three years.
Proponents of eugenics often play on nationalist fears of a diluted racial stock, combined with the idealism of building a better society. Leading biologists and physicians in Germany welcomed Hitler’s idea of placing race at the center of building a new state, which resulted in the concentration camps and genetic research on humans that define the Holocaust. Historians trace racial and other nationalist pressures to mass killings in countries such as Armenia, Rwanda, Bosnia and Kosovo.
Many in the postwar scientific community felt the cooperation of German physicians and scientists with the Nazi regime compromised the practice of science and medicine. There was additional academic fallout in the fields of anthropology and biology, since some in the academic world were perceived as helping to legitimize genocide. In the words of medical ethicist Daniel Wikler, “Eugenics is a valuable case study which demonstrates how the prestige of science can be used to disguise the moral premises and motives for a social movement, and how class, racial, and other biases can exert powerful and damaging influence over such a movement while remaining virtually invisible to its advocates.”
Many countries have practiced less extreme forms of eugenics. In the era between the 1930s and the 1970s, Sweden sterilized some 60,000 people, mostly women, in an effort to limit the number of children born with inherited diseases. In the early twentieth century, demands for sterilization of “unfit” citizens were carried out in the United States, Canada, Britain and Scandinavia, with similar efforts in other parts of Europe, and in some parts of Latin America and Asia. Europe and the United States hosted many institutes for the study of eugenics or “race biology,” and these theories were widely publicized in books, lectures and articles.
The experience of the province of Alberta, Canada, illustrates the shift in public opinion regarding forced sterilization. Between 1929 and 1972, Alberta sterilized more than 2800 institutionalized men, women and children. After a survivor won a $1 million lawsuit in 1996, the 700 remaining survivors joined a $700 million class action lawsuit. When the Alberta legislature introduced a bill that would have stripped constitutional protections from the survivors, Canadians were outraged and the province was forced to back down. However,the Alberta legislature limited the compensation to a maximum of $150,000 per victim.
Social progressives saw eugenics as a tool for social improvement and reform,while conservatives saw eugenics as a tool for limiting the lower income groups and the cost of caring for them. There was some overlapping of these political agendas. In the British and Scandinavian eugenics movements, race played a very minor role. However, in the United States and Canada, many were alarmed at the waves of immigrants moving in from eastern and southern Europe. The North American Anglo-Saxon majority viewed other groups with great suspicion and blamed them for many social problems such as crime, prostitution and poverty.
During the twentieth century heyday of eugenic theory, there were two prominent branches of thought. The branch of positive eugenics held that breeding and heredity could be benevolently manipulated to bring about superior people.Negative eugenicists sought to improve the human race by restricting the reproduction of “inferior” people, or by eliminating them altogether.
As the world began to realize the actual steps Hitler had taken to create his”super-race,” opposition to the Nazis and eugenics surfaced.
Sterilization laws in the United States dwindled in the 1940s with the practice almost nonexistent by the 1950s, when IQ tests also came under intense scrutiny. The term eugenics fell into disfavor, with a shift in the scientific community toward behaviorism and true genetics. The aftermath of World War II fostered an international dialog on research and human rights, with the United Nations adopting the Declaration of Human Rights in 1948.
Although the Nazi atrocities helped to discredit eugenics in the West, the 1949 Communist takeover of China brought a new interest in methods of population control. While the Chinese Communist Party was quick to denounce eugenic theory as a tool of imperialism, communist theory did favor some eugenic principles. For example, a citizen is considered worthy in terms of what he or she can contribute to society.
A handicapped or “defective” person might be seen as having no worth under this system of values. In 1978, the People’s Republic of China adopted economic reforms and a mandatory one-child policy. In a redoubled effort to control the “quality” as well as the quantity of newborns,the P.R.C. introduced a “Eugenics Law” in 1995 which was later renamed the Maternal and Infant Health Law. The purpose was to prevent “inferior” births, but the definitions of handicaps and “defects” were vague. Enforcement came not from party leaders but from local doctors who decided who was “fit” to reproduce. Some scholars note similarities between China’s late twentieth century population control policies and the earlier twentieth century racial hygiene movements in Europe. Singapore is the only other country actively pursuing principles of eugenics.
Genetic counseling centers became widespread between the 1950s and 1980s in several countries as a way to detect a pattern of disease among families. In the late 1960s, amniocentesis was developed as a technique to discover irregularities in the fetus. This test became critical after 1973, when the U.S. Supreme Court decision of Roe v. Wade allowed women to choose abortion of a fetus with defects discovered by amniocentesis. Other genetic tests of the late twentieth century include screenings for sickle-cell anemia in the African American community.
Between 1969 and 1973, many states organized compulsory sickle cell testing. People who carried the sickle cell trait, who were entirely healthy, faced problems in obtaining employment, life insurance, and marriage licensing.
In 1976 the National Genetic Disease Act provided research, screening, counseling, and education for people diagnosed with Cooley’s anemia, Tay-Sachs disease, cystic fibrosis, Huntington’s disease, and muscular dystrophy.
While the term eugenics remains to reflect negatively on the modern science of genetics, a more positive concept of prevention of disease is taking its place. Gene sequences and gene markers are now available to detect cancer, ischemic heart disease, diabetes mellitus, and hypertension, with treatment for some of these conditions available through gene therapy. Animal models are being used in gene manipulation research in the hope that animals will be able to supply donor organs for human transplantation.
Ethicists question whether some eugenics debates are being replayed as advanced medical technology poses new challenges. Most would see voluntary birth control as an expression of individual free will, but what happens when mothers receiving public assistance are pressured to use injected or implanted forms of birth control? Could clinical genetics be considered a more modern form of eugenics?
In the eyes of some disability groups, selective abortion of fetuses with certain genetic conditions encourages discrimination toward people with inherited diseases and is morally unacceptable. Some feminist groups see the option of selective abortion as empowering, not restricting, because it offers additional choices to women who are carrying fetuses with diseases such as Down’s syndrome and neural tube defect.
Technology available to fetuses in the uterus has now advanced to the point where medical decisions can be made when the egg is fertilized. When a couple uses in vitro fertilization (IVF), a highly technical process for uniting a human egg and sperm in the laboratory, there are many new ethical questions. The cells of the embryo can be tested for such diseases as cystic fibrosis and Duchenne muscular dystrophy, using a technique called preimplantation genetic diagnosis (PID). At this point in the procedure, the doctors and prospective parents may choose which embryo to implant in the woman’s uterus. Does the advanced technology change the basic choice of who will be born? Bioethicists sometimes use the term “consumer eugenics” to consider the implications of such technology. Proponents and opponents both acknowledge that PID opens thedoor for the human gene pool to be influenced by social factors.
The Human Genome Project, an international attempt to organize and map all human genes, prompted the United Nations to draft a Declaration on the Protection of the Human Genome. Genetic markers and files can now be easily acquired by examining the DNA of any individual, even before the person is born. Before the sheep, Dolly, was cloned in Britain, many countries had already drafted laws on the splitting of embryos.
While some countries have passed laws to forbid human cloning, researchers are experimenting with ways to use cloning technology to treat disease. As the possibilities widen, so does the debate on the degree to which people should influence reproductive and other genetic decisions.
Eugenic considerations can also spill over into commercial debates, as they have in Great Britain. British life insurance companies require applicants to state whether they have ever undergone genetic testing for cancer, heart disease or premature dementia. If a person has tested positive for such diseases,he or she must pay higher premiums.
In Great Britain, life insurance is often tied to home mortgages. Thus, people who are predisposed to certain genetically detected illnesses face much higher costs in obtaining housing and may be unable to afford to have children. Some social reformers argue that people facing serious illness should not bear additional financial burdens, while insurers argue that they must protect their business interests and the interests of the collective group.
In a development of international interest, researchers are narrowing down genetic components, or alleles, that are linked to the early onset of Alzheimer’s disease, a life-threatening form of dementia. Research groups such as the National Institute on Aging (U.S.) and the Alzheimer’s Disease Genetics Consortium (Great Britain) are leading the debate on how such testing should be carried out, and on what should be done with the information obtained.
All of these experiments pose fundamental questions of life, birth, heredityand disease that have been debated by early eugenicists.
This is history, science and education, and this information will not stop one policeman from shooting one black man, but…
Read more: Eugenics, Information about Eugenics http://www.faqs.org/health/topics/45/Eugenics.html#ixzz1zBklwbTk
On July 14, 2016 / Cultural Anthropolgy / Leave a comment
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The zip code you live in determines whether your children are educated for the multibillion dollar prison system or the multibillion dollar higher education systems. America rank low in many academic scores because she gambles with the lives of her children to satisfy greed and racial beliefs. America is willing to sacrifice world leadership as long as the financial markets shows a significant return on investments. America is willing to permit investors to ruin health care systems to increase the profit margins for insurance investors. America is willing to permit feeder system from select zip codes to determine who succeeds and who fails as long as a profit is realized for investors. African Americans and the working class poor discovered this a long time ago, and created system to get around these acts of injustice. Fathers have worked as janitors in unscaled communities in order to make it possible for his family and children to live in a better zip code and receive the educational benefits reserved for the priviledged. It is wrong, and that God for the Historical Black Churches and Catholic Churches, which took another path to doing the right thing. Zip codes should not determine the quality of your policemen, teachers, doctors and politicians, but it does, and it is wrong.
The Gods of Nubia and Cush were called upon to transform a future yet to be written. The Nordic nations were set on conquering the unknown world. It is not clear why the Nordic kingdoms were not content to stay and develop the lands of the northern skies, but for some reasons they were attracted to the lands where the Gods had planted men of color and promise. The lands of the Nubians, renamed Africa by the ancient conqueres of Rome and the historical sites of Biblical and spiritual significances, were once again visited and ruled. Man’s ancient history is in the Middle East, so his attraction is understandable. The need for Asia and India has not yet been revealed to this social scientist. The wonders of the Mayan and Aztec cultures seem to be greed and expansion. There is a reason the Gods sent the man of color to these shores; it is through him that the Nordic man has found his soul. The man of color is the symbolic Job of the Bible, a statement how the servant of God can and will serve him through all adversities. God stands with the man of color and increases his numbers, for he is truly the father of modern mankind.
Compassionate service to others.There is a common thread running through the challenges of our education system, our health care system and our urban police force. Each of these major institutions are involved in personal, physical and intimate contact with Americans at various, social, economic and emotional levels. Each field attracts individual into a similar type of service, a service that requires a look into the heart mind and body of individuals.
Being poor is not just about money, it is about so many factors that unfairly keep young people out of our better education system. Those who have and are blessed must pass on the wealth of God to others. There are children who are blessed with the opportunity to attend high quality and high performing public schools, usually placed in hidden selected communities. There are parents who work 2 or 3 jobs to keep their children in private schools. There are Catholic schools providing quality education for children demonstrating that race and family structure are not the determining factor in a child’s cognitive ability. There are dedicated teachers working day and night and often using their own resources to save students caught in educational environments planned for low expectations and failure. It is now up to we the people of God to bring our considerable resources into the battle and even out the playing field. Find ways to help teachers, find ways to help students, find ways to help families. It is time for Americans to get in the game and turn around our education system as a means of social justice for all. See a child, teach a child. Teach algebra, teach multiplication tables, teach spelling, teach comprehension. Tech companies should place a learning tool in the hands of all students not just the priviledged. Young people may have attention problems in other areas of life, but they can give total attention to hand help delivery devices. There is no ADD in the high tech industry. There is no poor attention skills, no poor processing skills, no poor perception skills, no poor spatial relational skills, no poor understanding skills or memory skills. The high tech industry does not play race games, they expect these qualities in all of its customers. If a student can operate a phone he has the cognitive ability to do algebra, teach him.
The Biblical account of Hebrews, Children of Israel and modern day Israel are not the same. The people in Israel today do not look like Nubians or share the same history of ancient Nubia. Egypt contains historical Nubia as part of its southern territory, and they are definitely not Nordic. We know the Romans named this part of the world Africa. The geographical location suggests that these were sun touched peoples with some evidence of color. Suggestions of color would change the whole conflict struggle in the modern day Middle East. Biblical history would also change the dynamics, for if these are indeed, the Sons of Abraham, then they are brothers, and need to find some way to settle family issues without dragging the whole world into the dispute If however, this is a Nordic invasion of the land of Nubia, then we are in for a long long fight.
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The Duke of Galliera says he will become an Italian citizen
Prince Antonio de Bourbon-Orléans, who recently renounced his title - Infant of Spain and "his privileges of royalty, has given an interview to an Italian newspaper, where he announced that he would become an Italian citizen.
According to the report in the New York Times, Antonio said that "his interdiction by the Spanish court was the result of a plot to confiscate his property." He says that his daughter-in-law, Princess Beatrice, was behind this plot, and had "influence with his nephew, King Alfonso of Spain."
Prince Antonio, who is married to Infanta Eulalia of Spain, told the reporter that "I was watched constantly, and intercepted correspondence prevented me from withdrawing money from the banks." He also said that the King's "promises were never fulfilled."
"The real object was that the court wanted to take possession of my fortune in order to pay heavy debts." He claimed that Senator Ortega "succeeded in having a court administrator named in France for my property, from which he received large sums which were never accounted for. He then came to Italy with an order from King Alfonso to withdraw sums due me and to carry them in the diplomatic pouch to Spain."
Antonio added that the Italian court did not recognize "the validity of the order."
Last May, Prince Antonio said he was "informed that a decree was published by the King of Spain interdicting me was told that Alfonso wanted me to go to Madrid."
Prince Antonio did return, "accompanied by two Spanish officers." He was "immediately summoned" by the king, who inquired about his health. "It had even been said that I was smoking opium and using morphine. This is all nonsense, because I have never tried to find any artificial paradises."
He also said that King Alfonso "promised to arrange things, as soon as reports could be received from Italy." The king appointed Orega Moreyon as Antonio's "custodian."
"I've been accused of prodigality. I think they should ask my nephew, the King of Spain, if the 40,000,000 pesetas he takes yearly for his civil list is too little to satisfy the debts he incurs."
He added the Premier of Spain "might speak on this subject about the credits of his to the King amounting to 30,000,000 pesetas."
Antonio claimed that he was forced to "sign a power of attorney, but I escaped from Spain in time and checked their manoeuvres. My interdiction was granted at the request of my children, instigated by my daughter-in-law, Princess Beatrice. You certainly know what her conduct has been at the Spanish Court. The scandal reached such a point that when the Queen of Spain returned to Madrid Princess Beatrice was invited to go abroad. In matters of that sort journeys abroad are still in vogue at the Spanish Court."
Note: the article refers to the Prince as Alfonso, his name was Antonio.
Posted by Marlene Eilers Koenig at Wednesday, December 23, 2009
manuel said...
Who is this Prince Alfonso. Infanta Eulalia's husband was Prince Antonio or Orleans, created Infante Antonio at his birth. He was the son of the Duke of Montpensier and Infanta Luisa Fernanda of Spain, Queen Isabel II's sister. He was never deprived of his title of Infante. I think the paper mixed up Antonio and Alfonso, who was his son, and was deprived of this title of Infante when he married Beatrice of Coburg. But that did not happen in 1919, but in 1909.
The article is from 1919, not 1909 and he called Alfonso throughout, but yes, of course, his name, was Antonio. He is quoted and refers to Beatrice as his daughter-in-law.
savoiabeatrice said...
I have a hard time understanding who the real Princess Beatrice was. Some say she was a schemer who had an affair with the king, some say she was a loyal woman who had a long happy marriage. She doesn't come off that well in this.
I think some articles have to be taken with a grain of sand. There is a wonderful book, in Spanish, Ena y Bee En defensa de una amistad. One wonders how accurate the original interview was in the Italian newspaper.
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Three Quotes
He held his opponent to the fence, threw leg kicks, knees to the head, and punches. It was three minutes of punishment and that's when the referee stopped the fight.
Cuki Alvarez
Dr. Tan sent me an e-mail about two months ago and I told him no. We don't have a wheelchair division because of the difficulty of the course. We have three miles of gravel and rock and I didn't think it could be done.
Joe Duncan
We used to play a lot of two-on-two. My dad put a hoop up in our garage. We played in the winter and at least two or three times a week in the summer. It helped having three older brothers push you around. It made you stronger. They also teach you how to shoot, how to make post up moves. It was a very good thing to have three older brothers teach you the fundamentals of the game.
Zach Braden
I noticed it traveling with our team. We?re the only team that has coaches from three other countries and athletes that are all different in terms of our diversity. Look at our team as a whole. It is the United States. . . . It?s a melting pot.
Allison Baver
If we don't pull three out of the four points this weekend, we're not going to catch them. It's going to be impossible. They're up five (points) on us right now. They'll be up nine if they sweep. I'm not even thinking about that.
Steve Saviano
Juan has been wanting to fight. If it was up to him, he would have defended his title three or four times in the past year instead of once.
Willie Savannah
This is a deliberate break and is a chance where we could put more emphasis on this part of the season. We had little time to train together to open the season, but have been able to bring things together going into this meet. We have three good weeks together and are optimistic about this meet.
You have to come in with your best shot. If we get those three in the bag, it gives you a little leeway. But you have to bring it every Saturday.
The last three years we've been eliminated from the playoffs on the last drive of the game. We've been close the last three years. We have to find out what it takes to get us through that barrier.
I've never seen it come down to the last match between three teams. I guess that's good for our region. The region is really going to be tough in the next few years.
Leroy Hill
What a special moment for soccer in this state. It's special for all three of us, the one time we can come together and support the same team.
Doug Allison
Prairie Ridge and Crystal Lake South are the top teams, but we want to give them a run for their money. I'll be disappointed if we are not in the top three.
Bud Lachel
But we did win three of four and that's a good thing in baseball.
Steve Bever
The last three days of practice we talked about not letting the other players beat us. We figured Isaiah and Andre Plummer were both probably going to get their points.
Gavin Kane
We've got some athletes who can make plays. Denzel Gayden had an outstanding ballgame. Denzel flip flopped from defensive end to linebacker. Along with Ennis Sullivan and Chris Drummer, those three guys are seniors and guys that we'll depend on to lead us on defense.
John Carr
You?d have to think about Concord repeating. Concord, Pinkerton and Salem - I would say those three.
Mike Doran
We've got three males, and the rest are females. I think it kind of goes back to the care-giving.
Jackie Jordan
The three kids helped pick, sort, bag and sell. They know every part of the operation.
Terri Gorman
These young men will play basketball maybe, if they're lucky, another two or three years, ... But if they don't get a decent education, it's a lifelong thing. We're going to have some problems.
Ken Carter
What is a Web year now, about three months? And when people can browse around, discover new things, and download them fast, when we all have agents - then Web years could slip by before human beings can notice.
Tim Berners lee
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← Scotland, Part The Fourth
It’s not U2, it’s me. →
by rachel | 12 October 2011 · 4:31 pm
Scotland, Part The Fifth
Read the other four parts first! Why wouldn’t you? I don’t write these for fun, you know. Oh… right.
Part 1, Part 2, Part 3, Part 4
Considering the shenanigans that Wednesday night witnessed, a great many of us were up and at ’em early enough on Thursday. Reed greeted me at breakfast with a fresh Bloody Mary, because that guy is a genius. Everyone looked a little rough around the edges except for Michael, who looked like he was rocking the hangover sweats writ large. Poor guy. I am more than a little surprised that I wasn’t hung over at all, despite my Professional Drunk In Public status. I’ve been pro since 1994, and have had less-boozy evenings that resulted in suicidal mornings. There must be something magical about Scotland (duh) that prevents hangovers. I might have to move there.
Anyway, once breakfast was done, we hucked our luggage down to the front door and said our goodbyes. The gang was headed into Tarbert so the GSH boys could visit the office there and the rest of us (Ashley, Jim, Freddie, and I) could do a whirlwind shopping trip at the Harris Tweed Shop (the 2nd one). I struggled mightily, but managed to restrain myself from buying more yarn. I did try, though. I hugged it and everything. It was only when Freddie reminded me that over-weight baggage costs eleventy million dollars to fly nowadays that I reined it in.
Across from the shop was a warehouse, and that warehouse was FILLED WITH TWEED. I’m very happy we didn’t have a whole lot of time to spend or I would still be in there. On the back wall, there was a loom like the one we’d seen earlier in the week. It was obviously in use, judging by the TV that sat on the table nearby and the Barbie-style Duchess Catherine doll next to it. I did NOT take a photo of that, but I totally should have.
Loom at rest
Across the aisle was an example of an hand loom. It looks very complicated and scary but was really quite a beautiful piece. There were three spinning wheels next to it but I couldn’t get the best photo, unfortunately. I wonder if Freddie would let me get a loom?
On the wall between the two looms was this array of photographs, documenting the tweed process from sheep to store. It used to be done by one person (or family group or similar) and the last known person to do the whole thing herownself, from start to finish was Marion Campbell, who died in 1996. I’m kicking myself now for not picking up a copy of a book that was written about her, because the photos are fascinating.
Tweed, from sheep to store
Oh, you can just see the Duchess Catherine doll in the left-hand side of this photo! HA!
Another angle
Tweed, from floor to ceiling, in every shade of tan and grey. The dyes are traditionally made from plants and other vegetation on the island, so if you’re kitted out in full tweed, you might as well be wearing camouflage.
More tweed
I just like to say tweed
We had a flight to catch, so we all got back in the van and went up the hill to the GSH office to pick up the others. Somehow or another, I ended up in the back of the van with Frankie (and Mark, I think), which was a bad idea because we were both a little bit green around the edges when we got to the airport. Luckily, I am cured by terrible coffee, and started feeling better almost instantly once that happened. Just to be safe, I took my Dramamine for the plane ride because the rule is: propellers = nausea.
[side note: Dear Scotland, an Americano is a shit cup of coffee. Get some filters and make me some NORMAL COFFEE next time I’m there. Love, Me]
While we were waiting to board the plane, I was playing with the settings on the camera and got this next shot, upon which I will not comment. [grin]
Rock Star?
The island gave us many things over the course of those few days, and I think it was fitting that we were given a rainbow as we got on the plane to leave.
Rainbows are my favorite
We flew into Glasgow and then piled into various cars and vans (Frankie and I in the middle this time) for the short ride to Edinburgh. I love that city and really need to spend more time there. Two days ten years ago and then less than 24 hours this time is not nearly enough. Our hotel in the city was a basic Holiday Inn (not the Parliament House, which would have been tremendously funny), within walking distance to the Royal Mile, which was our first destination. When we’d landed, the sun was almost out, and while it was a bit sprinkly during the drive over, by the time we were ready to head out into town, it was a full-on downpour. Yay for jackets with hoods!
Our first stop, THANK GOD, was a real, actual, what-I-wanted-in-the-first-place pub. Hooray and Hallelujah, plus it was nice to get out of the rain. The bartender was um, handsome, so I spent a great deal of time trying to figure out what I wanted.
I can’t believe this is the best picture I got of Frankie, who is one of the most hilarious people I have ever had the good fortune to meet.
Frankie on his home turf
It turned out that the beer I’d ordered (with Freddie and Steve copying me like the good boys they are) didn’t have enough in the cask for three full pints, so Mr. Handsome Bartender did a very neat trick to make it two-and-change. Did I mention the bartender was kind of hot?
Bartender tricks
Finally, a photo with Jim and Ashley in it. Great people, those two. We had a wonderful time talking and sharing pictures of our kids and all that jazz.
Here’s one of Frankie and Jim talking to Ashley and Freddie. Action photos are my favorite.
Throwing back like a pro
It’s true that alcohol is the cause of and solution to all of life’s problems. The rain was pouring on us as we’d entered the pub, but as we left, the sun was out. Beer cures all, and that’s a fact. We made our way up to the Royal Mile and I got a good shot of it. In my head, the Royal Mile and Diagon Alley look exactly the same.
Royal Mile / Diagon Alley
On our first trip to Edinburgh, we were wandering up the Royal Mile and at one point we’d lost our Freddie. Backtracking to the shop where he’d last been spotted, we found him inside here, talking with the proprietor, who was handing him samples. We were on a tight schedule, so he wasn’t allowed in this time.
Freddie’s spiritual home (ha, get it?)
At one point, we had stopped to wait while some of our number looked in the shops. We found ourselves standing near the statue of Adam Smith, and I watched as different groups of tourists would come up and get pictures taken in front of the statue, in various strange poses. It seemed like such weird behavior and made me wonder if these people knew that they were making stupid faces in front of the statue of the father of modern economics. I have always tried to avoid stupid vacation photos of that nature (indeed, I have tried to avoid MOST photos of any type) because it’s one thing to look stupid, but it’s quite another to look VERY stupid.
Adam Smith, the babydaddy of Capitalism
We stopped to wander through St. Giles’ Cathedral, which is completely gorgeous. I’m not a huge fan of religion but I love churches, and this one is just wonderful. The building dates from before 1385, when it was mostly rebuilt following a fire (though some sources claim the four main pillars are 200 years older) and from what I could tell, they built it all at once instead of starting at one end like a lot of cathedrals that date from that time. The late 15th century saw the addition of the crown steeple, which is a prominent feature in the Edinburgh skyline.
St. Giles’ Cathedral
Because I should have paid £2 for a “photography permit” and I didn’t, I didn’t use any flash and a lot of my photos aren’t all that great. They wouldn’t have done the place justice anyway because the whole thing is inexpressibly lovely, with different memorials and plaques here and there. The Thistle Chapel is especially amazing.
I’ve never been accused of being straight and narrow, and I think that’s why geometric designs appeal to me so much. Looking upon order and harmony sometimes has a similar effect in my mixed-up brain.
Floor detail of St. Giles
George VI isn’t buried here, but there is a memorial to him in the Thistle Chapel. I love these kinds of things, because the churches here don’t tend to do them. I think it makes the building even more interesting, as a way of saying “HEY. HISTORY HAPPENED HERE. LOTS OF IT.”
Memorial to George VI
According to the Survey of Scottish Witchcraft, over 3800 people were accused of witchcraft during the years between 1563 and 1736. Apparently, it has been extremely difficult to come up with any kind of reasonable number of people who were actually executed, but on the wall of the Tartan Weaving Mill, there is a small fountain with a plaque below, commemorating the site where “many witches were burned at the stake.”
Witches’ Well
“This Fountain, designed by John Duncan, RSA is near the site on which many witches were burned at the stake. The wicked head and serene head signify that some used their exceptional knowledge for evil purposes while others were misunderstood and wished their kind nothing but good. The serpent has the dual significance of evil and wisdom. The Foxglove spray further emphasises the dual purpose of many common objects.”
[Insert obligatory William Wallace/”Braveheart” reference here]
You’ll never take it! Or our blue face paint!
To my sadness, we were unable to get into the Castle. It was closed for the day by the time we made our way up there, which is a huge bummer because I wanted to get a photo of William Wallace and Robert the Bruce guarding the front door and maybe visit the Mons Meg and see the view Firth of Forth and pay my respects to St. Margaret’s Chapel (the oldest surviving building in Edinburgh, dating from the early 12th century). It was one of the highlights of our trip there in 2001 and it would have been nice to refresh those memories. Alas, we were too late.
Edinburgh Castle, from the south
Instead, we walked around, did some window shopping, and took photos of random things.
Tron Square – no sign of lightcycles, though.
Stopped at another pub, obviously.
Pint – possibly one of my favorite words
Calton Hill, home of St. Andrews House, which is the headquarters of the Scottish government. The Hill features prominently in a surprising number of paintings and photographs, and it’s easy to see why.
Calton Hill
After all the wandering around, we went to dinner at The Dome, which was very fancy and nice. The original building on that site was built in 1775 and was the Physicans’ Hall. It was purchased in 1843 by the Commercial Bank of Scotland and promptly demolished. The building as it stands today was begun in 1844 and the caduceus stained-glass windows (added in 1930) are a nod to the original purpose of the site. The room was beautifully laid out, and our meal was great, but by then, I was just so over food. Everything was starting to be too much. But I rallied and had sticky toffee pudding for dessert so all is right with the world. I keep thinking I have to try my hand at making it, but then I realize that I would weigh 400 pounds if I were successful. So I shall save that particular dessert for my UK jaunts.
After dinner, we went on a tour of the supposedly haunted underground vaults. That started with a museum of sorts that featured various instruments of torture. It’s amazing the sorts of things humans invent in order to do damage to fellow humans. The vaults themselves were fairly interesting – I’m always amazed that cities are just built on top of people sometimes. I’m sure the tour was utterly fascinating, but as I can’t hear in the dark, I was left to watch the others. The vaults share a wall with a pub, and the band in there was playing “Tribute” by Tenacious D which made me laugh and took me completely out of the moment. Oh well. I got a huge laugh at one point because I could see Steve standing next to Frankie and, ever so sneakily, Steve was inching his way behind Frankie in order to scare him. I watched the whole thing happen and nearly fell over trying to stifle a laugh.
After the tour, we got to go to “Edinburgh’s Most Haunted Pub” (mmhmm, sure) for whisky and shortbread. I don’t know about haunted, exactly, but the ladies’ room was something out of Trainspotting and the jukebox was terrible, so close enough I suppose. Freddie and Reed went downstairs to explore a bit and found more instruments of torture on the walls. I was pouting (a little) because I was tired and not getting nearly enough attention (it’s a sickness), but I rallied and we closed out the night in a different pub, laughing our fool heads off.
I got this photo on Monday in an email from Reed:
No, this wasn’t taken in my basement
The next morning, we were up and on our way to the airport by 9AM. After we checked in and all that, we went off in search of breakfast and I wound up sitting next to these gentlemen, who pretty much sum up Scotland.
9AM kilts and beer
When anyone asks “how was your trip?” My answer is always the same. “It was astounding.” Just really, really, really amazing on all levels. Every other vacation I take is going to be ruined when compared to this one, because I really could not have asked for a better place to stay or a better group of people to stay there with. Any other words I try to use to describe the thing are just not even close to being enough.
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Filed under Food, Freddie, Friends, Me Me Me, Musing, Other People
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50 Years of Evidence - Assassination of the U.S. President John F. Kennedy
This American Scene Magazine Article appearing on MassInjustice.Org is under Construction.
Law in the U.S.A. - you are the Jury
The lesson in law that the American People must learn is the meaning of Conspiracy. In law, Conspiracy simply means two or more people agreeing to commit an illegality. A criminal conspiracy only requires an agreement to do the illegality, an action to complete the criminal conspiracy is not even required. The Authorities want you to believe a conspiracy is some kind of impossibility and at the very least an extraordinary event. Today's U.S. media, working in conjunction with the U.S. Government, has reason to distort the meaning of conspiracy, as if it is an extinct species that never happens; Government of a totalitarian police state conspires in order to conduct day to day business - it is their unofficial policy. You can hear them on U.S. media apologize for the very thought of a "conspiracy" while they say, "I don't believe in Grassy Knolls."
In the U.S.A. the Citizen is the jury and examines evidence and makes final determination on the evidence. You don't need the Government, or their media, to tell you "right from left". They will tell "up is down," if you let them, but you examine the facts and the supporting evidence. You are the people of the U.S.A., you are the jury, you decide facts of the Assassination of President John Kennedy, and if there is any truth to the Warren Report.
The object of this Treatise on the JFK Assassination from the American Scene Magazine is to present documented evidence, now all made possible via the World Free Internet, that the Warren Commission was Wrong. The evidence presented in this treatise is big and simple, as it should be to all juries. Do not expect a jury to unscramble the evidence at a trial that is thrown at them in quick time. Defense Attorneys should learn that their evidence should come in the variety of Big Bold Fluorescent Orange Letters, so there are no mistakes.
President L.B.J.'s Blue Ribbon Panel of 7 that was called the Warren Commission wrote a report that is the Official Government Version of the Kennedy Assassination; the Warren Commission found that a "Lone Crazed Gunman", Lee Harvey Oswald, acted alone killing President Kennedy. The Warren Commission also found that Oswald's murderer, Jacob Rubenstein (aka Jack Ruby) acted alone and that Oswald and Ruby did not know each other..
The Warren Commission was established on 11-29-63 by LBJ (Lyndon Baines Johnson) before the U.S. Congress could act on the Kennedy Assassination. The Warren Commission produced an 888 page Report (http://history-matters.com/archive/contents/wc/contents_wr.htm) when it concluded on 9-24-64. It also produced 26 volumes of alleged evidence that was not indexed. The F.B.I. did the investigation for the Warren Commission and the Warren Commissioners "passed independent judgment on the facts." In the Warren Commission's Report, the Warren Commission puts it in writing, "it reserves the right to edit the testimony via transcripts to clarify and improve the accuracy of witnesses testimonies."
The Warren Commission's Report and 26 Volumes of testimony and exhibits are available to the World via the Internet thanks to groups like Mary Ferrell. Mary Ferrell was a librarian who took extraordinary efforts to gather information concerning President Kennedy's Assassination. See all Warren Commission Volumes, http://history-matters.com/archive/contents/wc/contents_wh.htm
See all the U.S. Government's JFK Assassination Documents that it isn't concealing or hasn't destroyed http://history-matters.com/archive/contents/contents_jfk.htm
The Warren Commission was a one sided process. There was no adversarial process, no cross-examination of witnesses. The witnesses were asked questions that would lead only to the answers/evidence the Warren Commission desired that would not hurt their "Lone Crazed Gunman Decree". For the best information/evidence concerning Kennedy's Assassination review televised interviews from the 1960's that are available today on the Internet. You Tube has scores of interviews by Researchers and Authors of witnesses to Kennedy's murder and related evidence.
The Staunch Advocates of the Government's "Lone Crazed Gunman Decree", less than 10% of the U.S. population, exaggerate in mockery that there is no end to the different Kennedy Assassination "Conspiracy Theories". But those Pro "Lone Crazed Gunman" Proclamation Advocates miss the point; the so called Kennedy Assassination Conspiracy people, all first, make the biggest point and that is the Warren Commission's Decree of a "Lone Crazed Gunman" killing JFK by firing 3 rifle shots from the southeast 6th floor window of the TSBD (Texas School Book Depository) is completely wrong. Wrong because the endless evidence, which was deliberately ignored by the Warren Commission, proves that Kennedy was not murdered by one rifleman firing from the 6th floor of the TSBD. Once the Warren Commission's Report and its Decree that a "Lone Crazed Gunman" fired 3 shots from the TSBD killing Kennedy is proved by the undisputed evidence to be all wrong, it is the natural next step to try and determine the rest of the truth. The Government has concealed evidence of the truth of President Kennedy's murder since 1963; that is why there is more than one "theory" as to the truth of Kennedy's Assassination. Even when the evidence supports a non-government's account of facts, the Government has an Official Policy of the lie of a "Lone Crazed Gunman", thus making the lie of the "Lone Crazed Gunman", law. The U.S. media, the Government's strongest and most valuable ally, supports the Government lies of the Kennedy Assassination with enthusiasm. The U.S. media crusades the very unpopular "Lone Crazed Gunman Decree" and that's why that lie remains enforced on the American People for over 50 years.
Here is what was supposed to happen in Dealey Plaza on 11-22-63; the U.S. President was supposed to be hit, from behind, by the first shot fired at him and killed. That is all it takes to kill a human with a bullet from a rifle. A single kill shot would have made the Government's "Lone Crazed Gunman Decree" much easier to believe. The first shot missed and the Conspirators were prepared with a back up plan comprised of multiple riflemen in Dealey Plaza utilizing a crossfire of a hail of bullets that finally hit and killed Kennedy when Assassins' street signaler's caused the Secret Service to stop the Presidential Limousine in front of the Grassy Knoll on Elm St.. The Assassination was messy and resulted in a massive Cover-Up, of the Assassination evidence, orchestrated by the most powerful men in the U.S., who were also the Co-Conspirators who killed Kennedy.
Some Documented Irrefutable Evidence of U.S. President Kennedy's Assassination - Hard Hitting Preview
Three Television Networks' 8 film crews recording of Kennedy's Presidential Limo traveling down Elm St. and the U.S. President's Assassination "disappeared" forever.
The Standard Security for the President of the U.S. was Cancelled on 11-22-63.
The rifle the Warren Commission claims was Kennedy's Assassin's weapon had a defective scope (see W/C p. 406-411) making it impossible for the F.B.I. to duplicate the 3 shots from the TSBD because the rifle recovered from the TSBD 6th floor could not be aimed according to the U.S. Army (see W/C p. 443-444).
In 1979 the HSCA found that the rifle the Warren Commission claimed Oswald used, failed the ballistics test with the "Magic Bullet" and bullet fragments recovered from the Presidential Limo.
There is no evidentiary tie between the Mannlicher-Carcano rifle that the Warren Commission claims Oswald fired and the murder shooting of President Kennedy.
21 Dallas Police testified they heard shots fired from the Grassy Knoll which was in front of the President's Limo when he was Assassinated.
100's of people, including police, are on film running to the Grassy Knoll and behind it into the Parking Lot searching for the gunman, who fired the shots that killed the U.S. President.
Kennedy had bullet holes in his back meaning he was shot from the rear, in addition to being hit in the head and throat from the front by shots from the Grassy Knoll.
The Government's pathologists at Bethesda Naval Hospital got caught covering up Kennedy's medical evidence in order to support the preplanned "Lone Gunman Decree". Dr. Humes did not know the tracheotomy in Kennedy's throat was originally a bullet hole causing fabrication of the "Magic Bullet", nor was Dr. Humes informed, while performing JFK's autopsy, that a bullet hit James Tague, who was watching the parade in Dealey Plaza.
Lee Harvey Oswald worked for Navy Intelligence in the most Top Secret location in the World, Atsugi, Japan, where U.S. U-2 planes flew to spy on the U.S.S.R.. After Oswald's faked defection to the U.S.S.R. he had many different faces because the Soviets captured a U.S. Spy and returned a Double Agent, who the Americans quickly detected and terminated.
The Lee Harvey Oswald pictured in U.S. Marine Corp. photos was never seen again after he "defected" to the U.S.S.R. in 1959.
No U.S. investigative Authorities, Warren Commission or HSCA, explained how Marina Oswald was allowed to escape the "Iron Curtain" during the Cold War to live in the U.S.A., and why Marina has never returned to her native Russia, even 25 years after the fall of the "Iron Curtain."
Jack Ruby, a documented participant in Organized Crime, implicated Lyndon Johnson in the Assassination of President Kennedy in a televised interview.
On 11-23-63, D.P.D. J.D. Tippit was shot dead at 1:06, at the latest, making it physically impossible for Oswald to have shot him. The Warren Commission Decreed that Tippit was shot at 1:15 which was the time the hospital declared Tippit dead on arrival. It took more than 10 minutes to get Tippit off 10th St. and transported by ambulance to the Methodist Hospital.
President Kennedy did not "play ball" with the most powerful men in the U.S. and their interests were adverse to Kennedy's policies.
Assassination Witnesses with contrary evidence to the Government's "Lone Gunman Decree", who did not shut up, died in short time.
The U.S. Government did not murder Kennedy, rather it was an Organization of powerful groups that included a high ranking U.S. Political leader, U.S. Intelligence leaders and Military leaders, U.S. Oil and business men, U.S. Organized Crime, Anti-Castro Cuban Refugees, Israel's Mossad, the Minutemen (U.S. Political Group). These different groups of Kennedy's killers were headed by Vice President- Lyndon Baines Johnson, the U.S. C.I.A.. Anti-Castro Cuban refugees, the Minutemen and U.S. Organized Crime provided much of the street level Assassination participants, as Israel and their Mossad and U.S. Organized Crime oversaw the management of the JFK Assassination and looked on with delighted satisfaction from the success.
What do you do when the cops do the murdering, And then the same cops investigate the murder? Lies of murder are Official Government Decree.
I. The Setting in 1963 U.S. & Background
The evidence surrounding the Kennedy Assassination is outrageous, overpowering, endless, and some of the evidence is bizarre. The Kennedy Assassination is the greatest spy/murder mystery ever because some high ranking officials in the U.S. Government spent so much effort covering-up and lying about the evidence. Regardless of Government efforts to cover up the evidence, there is too much outrageous evidence to be ignored, some of the evidence will hit an unbiased audience in the face, it is so hard. The Internet now supplements movie/t.v. documentaries and researcher's books of the past. The docu-drama, "Executive Action," that was released in November of 1973, a few weeks before the 10th Anniversary of Kennedy's death, was banned before 11-22-73 and is still banned. "Executive Action" can be seen on "You Tube" in 9 segments. The movie "J. F.K.," made in 1992, is informative, as are the Researcher's books "Cross Fire" and "Spy Saga". It is amazing how many books have been written about the JFK Assassination in 50 years; there are over 1500 books on the JFK Assassination and they all sold well.
Researchers like Attorney Mark Lane captured eye witness testimonies on film immediately after the Kennedy Assassination; this evidence is preserved forever, and is documented on the Internet.
The Great Northern Yankee land of the United States of America had for the first time in the History of Planet Earth the opportunity to Conquer the World. It was 1945 and the United States passed on World Conquest but instead signed a Peace Treaty with the Japs in Yokahama Bay on September 2, 1945, thus ending World War II. The United States had no Atom Bombs at September of 1945, as they had used the last two of three they built on the cut throat Japanese. In a few months the United States would replenish their stock of Atom Bombs and combined with their Armies, Supreme control of the air and oceans, superior military industrial production, had the opportunity to eliminate their only enemy on the Globe, the hated Bolshevik State of the U.S.S.R.. From 1945 through 1949, no other nation had the weapons that would instantly defeat any enemy on Earth. There would be plans by U.S. General Curtis LeMay in the 1950's to attack to the Soviet Union with Nuclear Bombs, allegedly, with impunity, but U.S. Presidents like Eisenhower and Truman were opposed to using the destruction of Nuclear weapons in post - World War II. By the 1950's the secrets of the Manhattan Project were in the hands of Stalin's captured German Engineers and Scientists. The most powerful men in the U.S. at 1945 were still in power at 1963 and saw the Supreme Power of the United States vaporize into a stand-off with the Soviet Communist and a few years later, Red China.
Julius and Ethel Rosenberg had offset the balance of World Power and Peace by stealing Los Alamos secrets and giving them to the Soviets, so Stalin could also have the Atom Bomb. The Iron Curtain, combined with the secrecy caused by WWII, prevented Communist Party Leader, Julius Rosenberg, to learn that the ideology that he thought would allow his race to conquer the World had quickly turned on the founding Jews. The Free World had observed the Bolsheviks steal all that the Capitalists had built and murder the Capitalists in former Russia and in Eastern Europe. The Great American industrialists refused to side with these thieving cut throats in the European War starting in 1939. By 1960 Stalin was murdered by poison and 7 years dead, and Red China's leader, Mao Tse-tung, worried about the Marxist Evolution because his revolution used rural peasants, so Mao would murder more Chinese than merciless Japs. The Western World feared the Communist State would overrun the Earth, as they pledged, with its promise of "World Domination of the State".
Communism was at 1963, and is still, contrary to the Natural Order and can only be enforced by the State at the end of a gun, via a Police State. Even greater fear than is caused by confiscation of all assets by the State is the State's confiscation of liberty, freedom and justice, also needed for Communism to exist.
Initially after 11-22-63, Communism would be used to cover-up the truth of Kennedy's Assassination because it would be claimed Lee Harvey Oswald was a Communist and supporter of Fidel Castro and Communist Cuba. Communism was nothing but a pre-planned "smoke screen" that infested the investigation of the Kennedy Assassination. The Communists had nothing to do with Assassinating Kennedy.
According to interview with President John Kennedy's secretary, Evelyn Lincoln, Kennedy was blackmailed into making Lyndon Baines Johnson his vice president running mate in 1960. Evelyn Lincoln wanted to get the record straight after Kennedy's Assassination and stated, "Hoover and LBJ boxed in Kennedy." This blackmailing/boxing in was due, according to Secretary Evelyn Lincoln, to John Kennedy's womanizing. Evelyn Lincoln's interviews are on You Tube.
Kennedy thought he and his brother, Attorney General - Robert Kennedy, ran the country. They had no idea what was going on in 1963, although they were "smart" and came from a lineage of accomplished and ambitious "Boston Irish". The Kennedy Brothers and their wise Irish advisors didn't see it coming, they both got clobbered blindside.
Who pulled the triggers on the U.S. President that 11-22-63? You will probably never know all the names of the riflemen in Dealey Plaza. Many have, over the last 50 years, confessed, and/or been accused of being part of the hit squad that was hired by the Real Power in 1963 that organized and was responsible for the Assassination of John Kennedy in Dealey Plaza, Dallas. The evidence surrounding John Kennedy's murder is so strong and limitless that it proves the Warren Report was wrong and had to be deliberately wrong or a deliberate planned lie.
Secret Service Agent Abraham Bolden was silenced by the Secret Service about his knowledge of two aborted Assassination attempts on John Kennedy in 1963 in Chicago and Tampa. Bolden's interview is on the Internet. Bolden was falsely arrested to make sure he did not alert the President of the two failed Assassination attempts. Secret Service Agent, Bolden, was not the only member of the Secret Service that knew that John Kennedy was the target of two aborted Assassination attempts by teams of hired gunmen in Tampa and Chicago in 1963.
LBJ created the Warren Commission beating the U.S. Congress to the punch before Congress could create an Investigative Committee. Believe the Warren Commission, go ahead, because U.S. President Johnson's "Blue Ribbon" 7 man panel didn't believe it themselves, and didn't want to be part of it from the beginning, except Allen Dulles. As Chief Justice of U.S. Supreme Court and leader of the Warren Commission, Earl Warren, said at the close of the Warren Commission, "we may not know the truth in our lifetime". Warren was referring to the John Kennedy Assassination that he and his Commission had just compiled 26 un - indexed volumes on, via their investigation on JFK's Assassination. The Warren Commission was officially established on 11-29-63 and concluded on 9-24-64.
J. Edgar Hoover said the American People don't read. But what that librarian, Hoover, overlooked is that they love movies and can easily determine evidence as well as the Authorities. Hoover also missed that, if you stick it in their face, the American Public loves a Scandal involving high ranking Government Authorities. Some even love Justice and are willing to die for it. In 1963, Hoover never envisioned the World Free Internet that is complete with hundreds of filmed interviews, and evidence of 11-22-63 for easy viewing for those same Americans that don't like to read, but enjoy watching documented films on the Internet. Documented films that are entertaining because they are so shocking with irrefutable truth.
Neither did the U.S. Congress believe the Warren Commission; in 1979 the U.S. Congress found Kennedy's Assassination was a murder conspiracy, but decided to do nothing about finding out more. Maybe the U.S. Congress did nothing more because so many of the witnesses were dead by 1979, or maybe because they knew far more than they ever wanted to say or could say without destroying Sacred Cows and the credibility of the U.S. Government and Republic. The U.S. Congress' House Select Committee on Assassinations (HSCA) used the most benign evidence of sound acoustics to determine there were 4 shots fired at President Kennedy, and therefore, there had to be more than one gunman. True, many of the Select Committee's proposed witnesses were killed prior to their hearings in the late '70's, as were New Orleans D.A. Garrison's witnesses murdered prior to the Clay Shaw JFK Murder Conspiracy Trial of 1969, but the HSCA still had outrageous evidence of murder conspiracy and a subsequent cover-up conspiracy that they ignored. The HSCA determined with alleged scientific proof of acoustics that one of the 4 shots came from behind the fence on the Grassy Knoll. But the HSCA still maintained that Kennedy was killed by Lee Harvey Oswald's 3 shots from the Texas School Book Depository (TSBD).
The American people were first allowed to see the famed, and hi-jacked by the C.I.A., Zapruder film on Geraldo Rivera's Good Night America Show on March 6, 1975. The C.I.A. couldn't destroy all the evidence on that film and when the American people saw that only publicly known film, still existing, of that Assassination they were outraged. The Zapruder film showed big plain evidence that President Kennedy was, at a minimum, shot twice from the front (throat and right front head) which is in total contradiction to the Warren Commission's Decree that a "Lone Crazed Gunman", named Lee Harvey Oswald, fired 3 shots from behind Kennedy out the southeast 6th floor window of the TSBD hitting Kennedy twice and killing Kennedy.
The reason the U.S. House of Representatives Select Committee on Assassinations (HSCA) was formed, in 1976, to investigate John Kennedy's murder was to calm the outrage of the citizens of the United States after seeing the Zapruder film in 1975 on T.V.. That Outrage by the U.S. Citizen was compounded because of the other combined real evidence of the Kennedy Assassination that proliferated after 1963 and showed one gun-man firing 3 shots from the TSBD was incorrect. Within a few years of 11-22-63, documented evidence began to circulate by authors like Mark Lane. Lane was on TV in the 1960's and produced simple hard hitting irrefutable evidence to the American people, causing millions to doubt the Warren Commission's Lone Gunman Theory. Many Americans were wise to the Kennedy Assassination due to the evidence they saw on live TV that afternoon of November 22, 1963 which disclosed the President's Limo stopped in front of the Grassy Knoll, the national TV Networks instant reports of Secret Service men with machine guns on the Grassy Knoll and the police and citizens running to the Grassy Knoll and behind its fence looking for the rifleman in the parking lot and railroad yard where "3 Hobos" were arrested by the Dallas Police. CBS news anchor, Walter Cronkite, proclaimed on live T.V. that the "3 Hobos" were the assassins who killed Kennedy as the T.V. cameras showed the Dallas Police escorting the "3 Hobos" across Dealey Plaza to the Dallas jail.
Within 12 years of 11-22-63 most Americans didn't believe the Warren Commission's "Lone Gunman Proclamation" of Kennedy's murder. The House Select Committee on Assassinations was used to try to appease the People of the U.S.A. and to divert attention from the obviously deliberately wrong Warren Commission and their Decree that both Oswald and Ruby acted alone. It was the protest and dissatisfaction by the American People against the Warren Commissions' Report that caused the HSCA and its finding of a JFK Assassination Conspiracy; those similar protests by the U.S. citizen, at that time period, caused the end to the Viet Nam War. Ho Chi Minh would admit, it was the unrest/protest by the Americans at home that caused the end of that war. After all, the U.S. military never lost a major military engagement in Viet Nam; the U.S. military was not defeated in Viet Nam. The U.S. Government did not understand that it was the draft that caused the protest against the Viet Nam War and that they could have continued the Viet Nam War forever as long as they didn't draft, but the U.S. Government did learn it decades later when they waged their War Crimes in Iraq and Afghanistan and never used conscription to fight those two wars.
The U.S. Congress' Black Caucus was also instrumental in causing the HSCA. By the late seventies, when the HSCA was initiated, Martin Luther King had been assassinated, as well as, Robert Kennedy, both within 30 days of each other in 1968. The Black Caucus was outraged at the lack of investigation and the insulting evidence produced by the F.B.I. and police regarding King's murder. Martin Luther King's family didn't believe James Earl Ray killed King and wanted him released from prison, but he died first in 1998. True, Ray pleaded guilty to killing King, but he had maintained for decades that his attorney convinced him to falsely admit to King's killing and he would do short prison time and be looked upon as a hero. Ray hoped to duplicate the feat of falsely admitted Boston Strangler, Albert De Salvo, who with his Attorney F. Lee Bailey, made a fortune via a movie and books about his alleged crime. The difference is that De Salvo, the self-confessed Boston Strangler, was already convicted of non-violent rape and was committed for life as a sexually dangerous person. The real Boston Strangler was George Nassar, who the police could never catch for the Boston Stranglings, but was convicted of murder unrelated to rape or the 13 Boston Stranglings. Nassar and DeSalvo were cell-mates at the State insane asylum located in Bridgewater, Mass. giving Nassar opportunity to disclose all the evidence to DeSalvo necessary for DeSalvo to make convincing confession as to the details of the Boston Stranglings. The police were glad to get finality, via De Salvo's admission, in order to subdue the hysteria caused in Boston in the early to mid - sixties that resulted from those 13 rape murders in Boston. De Salvo was never indicted, arrested, put on trial, or convicted of any of the Boston Stranglings, but was allowed by the Authorities to take full credit. DeSalvo was murdered in 1973 in Walpole Prison.
The HSCA reopened the John Kennedy Assassination and also investigated Martin Luther King's murder. The HSCA was even less ambitious regarding King's Assassination and simply rubber stamped Ray's conviction and added that his brothers may have been involved with aiding James Earl Ray. Whether it was John Kennedy or Martin Luther King, the HSCA decreed that No Government or its agents (foreign or domestic) or U.S. Organized Crime had any part in either of those two Assassinations.
II. The Motive to Kill the President of the United States - John Kennedy
The U.S. Senator from Massachusetts wins the 1960 Presidential race with help of the Italian Mafia, in at least Chicago, in order to win the important swing state of Illinois. Kennedy beats Richard Nixon by the narrowest of margins of about 100,000 votes for a national election with the help of Organized U.S. Crime. The same organization his father, Joe Kennedy. Sr., dealt with during U.S. Prohibition to sell Scotch Whiskey and make one of the fortunes in his life. Joe Kennedy never broke U.S. law because he distributed his highly prized product from Scotland more than two miles off the coast of the U.S.A. in international waters to the U.S. gangsters. It would not be until the early 1980's, when President Ronald Regan changed U.S. jurisdiction of oceans surrounding the U.S. to 200 miles. Joe Kennedy, Sr. was a great man and knew what was going on in the world, he invested in the stock market in the early 1930's when the Dow Jones Industrial Average bottomed out below 50; Kennedy observed commerce by the largest corporations like G.M. had not, and would never stop, regardless of the U.S. Great Depression. Kennedy made another fortune through investment in U.S. stocks while others fled the thought of the U.S. stock market.
Joe Kennedy, Sr. knew that U.S. Prohibition was foolishness, as did President F. Roosevelt. Joe Kennedy like American Giants, Henry Ford, John Paul Getty, the Great Howard Hughes, General George Patton and J.D. Rockefeller all knew that the Bolsheviks were the enemy from 1917, and at, and during, World War II; the rest of the Western World was convinced too late. If the Great American Men, who built the U.S. to its greatness made the decisions, the problems that existed in the World, after 1945, that President Kennedy faced in the early 1960's would not have existed.
Who was the biggest murderer in the History of the Planet Earth, who some say its history is best described by one word, "murder". No, No, it was not Al Capone; Capone was by comparison a mild mannered rum-runner, who took advantage of stupid laws in the U.S. from 1920-1933 called "Prohibition". Capone and Jesse James are not even noteworthy in the long list of Mass and Serial Murders who have dominated Human History. Mao Tse-tung was the biggest murderer, then Stalin. Some say the Genghis Khan or Tamerlane were relatively worse murders because, although they didn't have the aggregate murder count of Stalin or Mao, there were far fewer people on the Earth for them to kill. The biggest Mass and Serial Murders on the Planet Earth are all "Heads of State".
Contrary to U.S. Presidents of the past, John Kennedy did not just want to run the U.S. Government, but he wanted to mold the American Society. Kennedy wanted to change thought and values of the American Citizen. It was a different county in 1960 than 2013, but prior to Kennedy the rights of the individual, liberty and freedom were not to be tampered with by U.S. Presidents. Eisenhower is cited by today's Left Wingers as being a "do nothing". Eisenhower, correctly stated, that every time the government "does something" it has to create laws, rules and regulations that restrict the liberty and freedom of the individual citizen. The American People, in 1960 and prior, didn't need the Government to run their lives, the U.S. citizen assumed, prior to 1960, a small government to insure the freedom and liberty of the individual. John Kennedy's initiative to change American Society's values and thought paled to what would follow for the next 50 years after his death.
As U.S. President, John Kennedy is a strong leader with his own ideas as to "what the U.S.A. should be." He hires his younger brother, Robert Kennedy, as Attorney General. These Kennedy Brothers actually believe they are running the country because they are in position by dully elected law or the will of the American peoples' vote. The Kennedy Brothers will step on some big toes and upset the most powerful men in the U.S.A. in short time; it will be their death sentence.
In 1961 Kennedy fires the Director of the C. I. A., Allen Dulles and two of Dulles' high ranking deputies, including Bissell and Cabell, as a result of the Cuban Bay of Pigs fiasco. Kennedy orders the C. I. A. disbanded and orders Military Intelligence to pick up the intelligence activities for the U.S.. Kennedy states that he "wants to scatter the C. I. A. to the wind".
Deputy Director of the C. I. A., General Charles Cabell, is fired by JFK in January of 1962, after serving in that position since 1953, along with Allen Dulles due to the Bay of Pigs fiasco. Cabell's brother, Earl Cabell, is mayor of Dallas, Texas at 1963. General Cabell had previously been appointed in 1951 as Director of the Staff of the "U.S. Joint Chiefs of Staff."
Dulles and his Deputies lose their jobs, but the C. I. A. remained as it was, and ignored Kennedy's order to disband.
Due to Castro's revolt and take over of Cuba on 1-1-1959, the Italian mafia and the U.S. Organized Crime Syndicate, led by Meyer Lansky, lose all their investment in Havana, Cuba and all future profits from the gambling, casinos, and related crime they ran on that island nation with the auspice of former Cuban Premier, Fulgencio Batiste. Meyer Lansky, head of the U.S. Crime Syndicate which included "Murder Incorporated," again, was the victim of circumstances caused by the political. Lansky was the most successful criminal in U.S. history, but never accumulated the fortune that Capone made during Prohibition. By the time Lansky took over in New York City in 1931, Roosevelt was planning to end the Prohibition Foolishness which he did Repeal, immediately, upon his taking office as President in 1933. Lansky lost the potential for two great fortunes, U.S. Prohibition and Cuban gambling and assorted vice, due to the actions of men who were far more powerful than he ever thought of being. Even the most fervent Yankee Capitalist enjoys that entertaining chapter of World History when a "rage tag" bunch of Cuban Revolutionaries made the U.S. Jewish and Italian Gangsters run for their lives and confiscated their investments and voided all their future fabulous profits from their control of vice in Havana. Would those Jew and Italian Gangsters fight on even terms? Not those sneaks, they ran back to New York City where they could shoot people in the back with the sanctioning of the police and Government.
Esso Oil (now Exxon) lost a refinery to Castro. Many other American business men, including the U.S. Cowboy Millionaires (H. L. Hunt, the Great Howard Hughes, Clint Murchinson et. al.) lose all their investments in Cuba to Castro's band of rebels. The Cuban aristocracy flees the Peoples' Revolution, after Castro steals everything in the name of the "State"; the Cuban refugees, in Florida, seek revenge and return of their property and are willing to die for it.
1961 was a bad year for the new U.S. President, after the Bay of Pigs defeat at the hands of Castro and his Cuban Communists. The Cuban Exiles and the American Military leaders blamed Kennedy for the Bay of Pigs fiasco because he refused to keep his promise of air support for the invading force. On June 15, 1961 the Soviets put up the Berlin Wall in violation of existing treaties between the former Allied Powers, who defeated Germany in World War II. The U.S. Military's Joint Chiefs of Staff saw this as further weakness by Kennedy on Communism and defeat of Kennedy by the enemy Soviet Communists. There was Global fear of World War III at this date and the Communists looked like they were winning the Cold War, while Communism had spread to China, North Korea, Cuba, and the European Eastern Block. The U.S. Joint Chiefs of Staff were the same men, who less than 15 years earlier, had the only chance in History to Conquer the World. They had been sole masters of the Atom Bomb that would have quickly defeated the massive Armies of Attrition of their sole enemy left on the Planet Earth at 1945, the Soviet Union. The chance to conquer the Earth with impunity ended after August 29, 1949 (Stalin has A-Bomb). By 1961 they thought Kennedy would cause more loss to the Red Menace. It would not be until after 2001 that the U.S. military would be the undisputed "Policeman of the World"; running around the Globe interfering with Sovereign Nations in the name of International Laws that Jews dreamt up, so their Jewish interests could be protected with U.S. blood and Trillions of tax dollars (PNAC), and with no gain to the Americans.
President Kennedy was pushing tax law bills that would eliminate special tax exemptions for oil producers via the 27% Oil Depletion Allowance. H. L. Hunt was making $30,000,000.00 per year (equivalent to $300,000,000 in 2013 inflated dollars) from oil profits in the early sixties and paid no U.S. income tax. Hunt and fellow oil magnates, who were a U.S. power at 1963, were very unhappy about Kennedy and his plan to stop special tax treatment for the "Cowboy Millionaires" and their oil industry. H. L. Hunt was named the richest man on Earth in 1948, only to be outdone by Oklahoman, J.P. Getty in 1957. J. Paul Getty knew the World well, and knew why Enrico Mattei (former WWII Italian Partisan and founder of ENI Oil) died in October of 1962; Getty lived most of his life in England fearing for his life at the hands of the "Seven Sisters" caused by his massive oil finds and drilling of 6,000,000 barrels of crude oil a day in the Saudi Peninsula. Getty paid Bedouin tribesmen a $9.5Million to lease the sand dunes and related oil rights in the Neutral Zone between Kuwait and Saudi Arabia, after hiring a Geologist, who Getty reluctantly paid about $1,200. 00 to locate the Geological feature in the Saudi dessert that indicated sure oil beneath the barren sand dunes. Getty kept his overhead low and used a pay phone in England to run his lucrative oil enterprise. H. L. Hunt's death at 85 years of age on November 29, 1974 was surrounded by mystery. Getty also lived into old age but died of natural causes.
Did the 1973 Docu-Drama movie "Executive Action" starring Robert Ryan and Burt Lancaster cause Hunt's death in 1974? Actor Will Geer portrayed the character Harold Ferguson (white hair and white suit old man) in that movie, who was the deciding power vote to Assassinate Kennedy. Some say that H. (Harold) L. Hunt was represented by that character "Harold Ferguson". Harold L. Hunt died on 11-29-1974, a year after the movie Executive Action was released and also banned in November of 1973. There was no autopsy and there was a closed casket for the great and powerful H.L. Hunt. There are second hand statements that due to the movie Executive Action, Hunt feared he would be apprehended for the murder of Kennedy and that he committed suicide to spare his children the Scandal. We will never know for sure, but that is the circumstantial evidence.
U.S. Attorney General Robert Kennedy does the unthinkable in the U.S.. At his direction and with approval of his President brother, the infamous Teamster's Union officials are hunted, as were Italian Mafia chieftains, for the first time in U.S. history. Teamster Boss James Hoffa was hunted by the Kennedy Brothers so bad that not only did he go to prison, but in death he can't be found in order to have peace from the Kennedy's. The McClellan Hearings are held in 1963 and Joe Valachi reveals what everybody already knew and J. Edgar Hoover had to admit - there is an Italian Mafia in this U.S.A.. However, the Government would say nothing about the more powerful Jewish National Crime Syndicate controlled by Meyer Lansky.
A.G. Robert Kennedy orders New Orleans Italian Mafia Chieftain, Carlos Marcello, kidnapped and dumped in Guatemala. Marcello would win a jury verdict in the Federal Court in New Orleans in the afternoon of 11-22-63.
Some say that U.S. Organized Crime felt that John Kennedy owed them a favor for their help in corrupting the 1960 Presidential election, but they, instead, got double-crossed by the new U.S. President.
J. Edgar Hoover was planning on resigning due to the abusive treatment by his new boss, U.S. Attorney General Robert Kennedy. Hoover was reduced to fetching his boss, A.G. Robert Kennedy's, lunch. No one, including U.S. Presidents, ever tampered with Hoover; he was the hunter of John Dillinger, Baby Face Nelson, Los Alamos Traitors, Soviet spy master Rudolf Able, and even a few beached Nazi spies. Hoover was a man, who was a pioneer in American Intelligence. The U.S.A. was a country, unlike the Brits, Germans, French, and Soviet Russians, that had little need for such expertise in intelligence prior to WW II, and were inexperienced in such activity because of the two giant moats that protected the one time Yankee Land of Plenty from invaders. J. Edgar Hoover hated the Kennedy Brothers and would lead the investigation of both of their murders.
In 1962, Retired U.S. General Edwin Walker is ordered by A.G. Robert Kennedy committed for 90 days psychiatric observation because of his participation in pro-white protests at Ole Miss attempting to stop Negroes from attending that University. The psychiatrist took jurisdiction and immediately released Walker. Walker was never indicted for any activities at that protest at Ole Miss. The activities General Walker engaged in at Ole Miss were his right(s).
Whether it is the Bay of Pigs, the unlimited profits in Cuba lost by U.S. Jewish and Italian Gangsters in Cuba, Kennedy is blamed for all in Cuba because he absolutely refused to engage Cuba in U.S. war. And more dissatisfaction will come by the U.S. Joint Chiefs of Staff with Kennedy's handling of the October 1962 Cuban Missile Crisis. The Soviets saw weakness and wanted to test President Kennedy and demanded he remove U.S. missiles in Turkey in exchange for taking the Soviet Missiles out of Cuba. Kennedy is viewed by many in high ranking positions of U.S. military and intelligence as being, at a minimum, weak on Communists.
By 1963 the United States became the new home of Anti-Castro Cuban refugees, who wanted their homeland Cuba, and all their assets stolen by Castro, back. These Anti-Castro Cubans had a common cause with U.S. Intelligence, including the C.I.A., and U.S. Organized Crime who were cut-off from their high profit vice they sold, legally, in Cuba. The C.I.A. formed Cuban refugees Revolutionary Groups such as Operation 40, and Alpha 66; these Cubans were able and eager to kill to get back Cuba. These Anti-Castro Refugees blamed President Kennedy for their defeat at the Bay of Pigs. They further hated Kennedy for not taking Cuba by force. Some of these same Cubans would be used to help Assassinate Kennedy in Dealey Plaza, Dallas, Texas.
In 1963 during several speeches, Kennedy announces that he will not commit troops to Indo China and he ordered all U.S. military out of Indo China, including the former French colony and nation of rice paddies, Viet Nam. This action by Kennedy is still being denied by many talking heads on U.S. media at 2013; they refuse to acknowledge that John Kennedy flatly ordered all U.S. military out of Indo China, including Viet Nam. Well known TV news anchor, Tom Brokaw, is still crusading the lie on Meet the Press on 11-17-13, when he stated that Kennedy was "hawkish" on Vietnam; why are they still afraid of the truth. The U.S. media has been worthless for any truth about the Kennedy Assassination. It is even worse today at 2013. Unlike the late 1960's - early 1970's, the U.S. Press and U.S. Government are controlled by the same people. During the Viet Nam War (late '60's - early '70's) the U.S. Press was adversarial towards the U.S. Government and particularly targeted President Johnson, and then Nixon, with continuous criticism, but the U.S. Press still remained silent on Kennedy's murder Conspiracy.
The people who now control the U.S. Government had nothing to do with the overthrow of the U.S. Government on 11-22-63 (most of the JFK murder Conspirators are dead by 2013), but they want to maintain the fraud that the Federal Government, that they now control, never did any wrong. The People who run the U.S. Government at 2013 can never admit they are successors to a Government created by the Coupe d' Etat of 11-22-63.
Men, and sorry excuse for leaders, like Tom Brokaw, would scare themselves, if they ever had an independent thought. The "butter on their bread" would be thin, if they don't follow orders. There is no Free Press on U.S. MSM (Maim Stream Media). The Jews now control U.S. news media and the U.S. Government, and ban any truth to about the Kennedy Assassination, especially on their mind control tool of U.S. television.
Since the 1954 Battle of Dien Bien Phu, when the French Foreign Legion was defeated by overwhelming odds in that remote spot on the Planet Earth, the U.S. Military Industrial Complex targeted Indo China as a place for future war, so to have a "market place" for the weapons of war and reap massive profit. Which profits they did reap, via the U.S. foreign policy of one, President Lyndon Johnson. The only reason the U.S. invaded South Vietnam and destroyed it with war was to make money for parties who profited from that war, via manufacture and sale of war goods and services.
During his term as President, Kennedy learned of a new source of vote in the U.S.A. and started advocating the American Negro and proposed new laws in the U.S.A. which would force integration in schools and other social and economic spheres and result in the 1964 Civil Rights Act. Kennedy never envisioned "protected classes" or the massive "welfare for life scam", but he was supposedly looking for equal treatment under the rule of law. He never envisioned or saw, starting in 1965, American Cities burn in the summer time, and Negroes looting and rioting would be a new tradition in the U.S.A.. It was Kennedy that caused the Genie to be let out of the bottle and the U.S.A. would see its first step to a future successful divide and conquer campaign of the U.S.A.. The Confederate knew what would happen with special protection laws for the Negro, who they controlled with a united iron hand. The northerner in 1960 lived in a White Man's World. There were no Blacks in Kennedy's Boston, Mass. until "freedom loaders" Kennedy and his Jewish friends shipped up in buses from Alabama and Mississippi arrived for a new Era of Free Welfare for all Negroes upon demand and new law. The "Short lived Silver Social Experiment" of America of the 1950's through early 1960's which saw the U.S. Government working for the interests of the American would end soon, the Jew was observing in white suburban neighborhoods pooling their information on the American, who thought the war was over.
It would become apparent, for those few bold enough to be interested, that the Heirs to 1945 are the Jews. Ironic, Great White Armies clash and destroy each other and the Jew takes control of the World without firing a shot.
There was also united White Men in the United States who saw John Kennedy as the Destroyer of what was once the Great United States of America. These White Men included groups called the Minutemen and the California Rangers. They were present in Dealey Plaza on 11-22-63. Many of these White Men had fought in the U.S. military during World War II and realized they were being double crossed. They fought for their liberty, freedom, culture and the way the United States had attained its Greatness, not for the rights of Special Interest Groups who demanded welfare and burned the U.S. cities to the ground in mid-1960's. The United States of American was a different country in the early 1960's, including a different culture, social values, and it was still run for the Americans. That all started to change once Kennedy became President. Kennedy saw the American Negro as source of votes and made the coloreds promises of Grand Social Programs, including a new policy called Welfare. Kennedy and his Jew friends bused Negroes from the South to the Northern U.S. cities that the White Northerners called "Freedom Loaders". The Negro was provided automatic Welfare in northern U.S. cities like Boston, Mass.; that Welfare would be the beginning of a new way of life in the U.S. that allowed generations of Negroes to repopulate at the expense of the white working population, so the Negro could outnumber and over power the un-united White Man in the U.S.A.. This was the ultimate Divide and Conquer Scheme created by the Jew and implemented by Kennedy.
Lyndon Baines Johnson, (LBJ), became Kennedy's running mate because LBJ and J. Edgar Hoover had evidence of scandal that would destroy Kennedy's presidential election bid in 1960, not because they shared value or were friends. It was also alleged there would be some political leverage in the South with LBJ. According to filmed interview with President Kennedy's secretary, Evelyn Lincoln, L.B.J., J. Edgar Hoover and company, blackmailed Kennedy to make L.B.J. his running mate in 1960 due to the Scandal they had on JFK. Lincoln, per that same interview, stated that she heard Robert and John Kennedy discussing the LBJ blackmail and related JFK Scandal in 1960. Kennedy's Scandal was his extramarital sex life which in 1960 would have destroyed him in the U.S.A. for any elected position in Government. In 1960, the U.S. Press would have ripped Catholic Kennedy apart had they been given the evidence that Hoover and L.B.J. had on Kennedy's extra marital affairs, also called adultery.
During Kennedy's Administration starting 1961, LBJ was being investigated by Attorney General Bobby Kennedy in the Billie Sol Estes and Bobby Baker scams of the early 1960's. By 1963, L.B.J. feared, not only losing the vice presidency, but jail, like V.P. Spiro Agnew would later get after becoming Nixon's vice president in 1969.
By 1963, U.S. Attorney General Bobby Kennedy was leaking information from his investigation of Lyndon Johnson to Life Magazine. The plan was to use the Life Magazine article to cause a Johnson scandal resulting in President John Kennedy to choose another V.P. running mate in 1964. Amongst the bigger pieces of scandal uncovered by A.G. Bobby was a $100,000.00 cash pay-off delivered in a suitcase to Johnson via his Texas radio station. Terry Sanford was John Kennedy's choice for new running mate and V.P. for the 1964 election. Maybe this imminent threat to LBJ being imprisoned is why the Assassination could not wait for a year until the 1964 Presidential Election, in hope that Kennedy's enemies could get rid of him by exposing JFK's Scandals, and then, replace him with their candidate and then reverse his work product.
With all the Scandal that has come out against President John Kennedy, since 1963, the urgency to get rid of him must have been overpowering. John Kennedy was married and had children but it did not stop him from having an active social life/sex life with some real hum-dingers. From Marilyn Monroe to a pair of hookers in the White House, John Kennedy liked a variety of beautiful women. Even his brother, A.G. Robert Kennedy, got disgusted and told him he had a mental problem. J. Edgar Hoover had been watching Kennedy for years and had plenty of Sex Scandal on him. Why didn't they use Scandal to defeat Kennedy? Probably because Viet Nam was over, the oil depletion allowance would be passed, and LBJ would be in Prison, all before the 1964 Presidential Election.
LBJ gets on Air Force 1 with Kennedy's corpse and Jackie Kennedy and they flew back to Washington D.C. in the afternoon of 11-22-63. Johnson had no time to waste, he was complete with a Federal Texas Judge, Sarah T. Hughes, who swore him in as president, so he could execute his Executive Order #1. The New U.S. President went to work immediately, Johnson's first "Executive Order" was "reinstate the troops to Viet Nam", hence the beginning of the Viet Nam War. These were the same troops Kennedy ordered out of Indo China a few months earlier. Kennedy was the first fatality of the Viet Nam War.
The best and most gifted speaker in current U.S. history, Louis Farrakhan, and leader of the Nation of Islam, like some others, claim that the International Bankers were responsible for Kennedy's murder because Kennedy, via his Executive Order 11110 of early 1963, took away the U.S. Federal Reserve's power to "print money". Farrakhan continued to state during the same speech that Kennedy then issued $4 billion of U.S. currency in denominations of $2 and $4 dollar bills which was all backed by silver bullion. Such measures against the Federal Reserve's ability to "create money out of thin air" ( not the same as "printing money" but amounts to the same thing) would cause motive. The American people don't know that the Federal Reserve can't tax or issue debt to make its money, but "creates its money out of thin air" called "Money Creation". The "Fed" just gets on its computer and makes the Federal Reserves' electronic accounting entries to its reserve accounts with U.S. banks and presto - Money! Farrakhan was a "must watch" every Wednesday night at 11:00pm on Worcester Public Access Channel on cable TV in the 1990's; oh, Attorney Mo Bergman and his Jewish League cried racism and fought "tooth and nail" to keep the message of Farrakhan out of access to Americans. Farrakhan was fascinating, he said something. Indeed, he hated the whites, who he called the "blue eyed devil", but the prime enemy Farrakhan exposed was the Jew. Farrakhan should be commended because he could distinguish the Jew is not a White Man, but a separate race of Semite. It is the natural order to crusade your own cause, there was still value for the political White Men to listen to Farrakhan.
Uncharacteristically, Farrakhan backed down and apologized to the Jews after he stated that Adolph Hitler was a great man. He called the Jew every name in the book and exposed their conspiracy and exploitation of the masses, yet he backed down on the Hitler issue? Farrakhan is never at a loss for supporting his oratory with fact and evidence and that is what he should have done instead of apologizing because he said, in this land of liberty and free speech, what the Jew forbids. So the author of this Web Site will give you some information about Adolph Hitler which is forbidden in today's U.S.A., and if the Jew don't like it the Jew better get stronger Cyanide.
the "Chosen People" motive Assassination of JFK - Americans remain quiet
Kennedy denies the Israelis 50 jets. A superficial investigation of the JFK Assassination would reveal evidence that the Israeli's and the U.S. Jewish enclave were not involved in killing Kennedy. At 1963 the Jews were not powerful enough to control the U.S. financial markets, judiciary or lawyers' bar. The Jews were busy pooling their resources, fighting to position their people in government and Universities, and planning their future "Take Over" of the U.S.A. at 1963. Kennedy's murder would allow for the Viet Nam War causing a social upheaval in the U.S.A. when combined with the new "Negro problem" caused by the 1964 Civil Rights Act. This social upheaval provided opportunity for the "Jews' Take Over" which started in the early 1970's and has grown exponentially, as the U.S.A. becomes more divided and the generations become brain washed with Jewish Controlled Media's "Jewish Political Correctness," "Jewish Social Design Policies", and Jews' Propaganda.
The Jew was strong enough at 1963 in one realm in this here U.S.A.. That realm was Organized Crime which the Jew controlled through Meyer Lansky's U.S. Nation Crime Syndicate. The Chosen People are united over international boundaries. In Israel, the Jews had their own country by 1963 where they were developing the best Espionage and Murder tactics and Strategies, via their Mossad. The Israelis pledged death to anyone who got in their way, as they reasoned justification was their "right to survive". The Warren Commission and HSCA examined the Italian Mafia for participation in Kennedy's Assassination, but both concluded, incorrectly, that no Organized Crime of Mafia were involved in killing Kennedy. Even worse, the investigation of JFK's Assassination by those U.S. Government Official Authoritative investigative units only addressed the issue of the Italian Mafia, as if the Jews were non-existent in U.S. Organized Crime. The Jews and their U.S. Crime Syndicate were, and still are, much more secretive, mostly due to a cooperative Government and Police and U.S. media, than the Italian Mafia. The Jews have a culture of crime that dates back before the Crusades. The reason the Jew is successful in the enterprise of crime is that he does what people from other cultures, the White Man, won't do and has no taste for because the White Man's culture has a different value system. Crime fits right into the Jews' Creed of the "Chosen People" to exploit the rest of the living creatures on the Planet Earth for their Aggrandizement.
Wait a minute! There was more than phony Federal Reserve money and fighter jets to cause the Israelis and their Mossad to want Kennedy out of the way. There is an untold chapter in U.S. history during Kennedy's early 1960's administration that has remained secret from the Americans. The U.S. media could not be trusted to publish the news, even back in the early 1960's, and the historians are scared of the truth about Kennedy's Assassination. At that point in time, the Israelis decided they needed a bomb, not one made with gun powder or TNT, but the real thing that causes mushroom clouds. Yes, it was during Kennedy's Administration that the Jewish Homeland decided they would have a Nuclear Bomb, which they did get. President John Kennedy knew the danger of Nuclear Bomb Proliferation and refused to allow the Israeli's to build a Nuclear Reactor and the Bomb.
President Kennedy honored the 1950 Tripartite Declaration which required the U.S. to retaliate against any nation that attacked a nation in the Middle East; Kennedy, as a result, would not give the Israelis military aid or armaments. Prime Minister David Ben-Gurion insisted that Israel had the "right to survive" and reasoned that meant the Jews should have Nuclear Bombs to destroy the rest of the World should anybody disagree with the "Chosen People". Kennedy demanded inspection of the Israeli's new Dimona Nuclear Power Plant and the Israeli's tried to trick the U.S. by building another power plant for the inspection to prove to Kennedy that they were not building a Nuclear Bomb. The U.S. was not tricked by the Israelis and Kennedy demanded that Dimona be monitored to insure they did not build Nuclear Weapons. The battle between Kennedy and Ben-Gurion became so heated in disagreement that the conflict is given credit for Prime Minister Ben-Gurion resigning in August of 1963 a few months before Kennedy's death.
Ben-Gurion hated Kennedy's father, Joseph Kennedy, Sr., because the senior Kennedy, and great U.S. Banker and businessman, sided with Adolph Hitler, as did all the Great American Industrialist of the 1930's, who all feared Hitler's enemy the Communists. Ben-Gurion considered Joe Kennedy an Anti-Semite. The fact of the matter is that Joe Kennedy had no issue with 99% of the Semite World which is Arab. The correct term should be Anti-Jew, but the Jews, including Ben-Gurion, hate that word, Jew. Both Kennedy, Sr. and the Jews learned well from their Anglo teachers at the former Anglo-Saxon Universities like Harvard. The Ivy League has been since the 1970's controlled by Jews.
Prime Minister Eshkol took over for Ben-Gurion and President Kennedy made the Israelis an ultimatum which would have resulted in no more "hand outs" for the Israelis from the U.S. Treasury, no more U.S. foreign aid. Did Israeli Mossad agents shoot Kennedy while hiding behind the fence that sat at the top of the Grassy Knoll while also peering out windows of Dealey Plaza Buildings on the 11-22-63 Presidential Parade Route? Doubtful. Whether its the Israeli Jews, Jew Gangsters, who controlled the U.S. National Crime Syndicate, or any of their Race of "Chosen People", the Jews stick together - blood is thicker than water. Leader of U.S. National Crime Syndicate, Meyer Lansky, was a Zionist and Jew Zealot. Lansky's heart was broken when he saw the Czar's Cossack soldiers roust the Jews during Russian Pogroms of his homeland in what is now Poland. Lansky claimed to have organized attacks on American Bund (pro Germans) in New York City before WWII. The link to Kennedy's murder and Lansky and his U.S. National Crime Syndicate is Jewish gangster Jacob Rubenstein aka Jack Ruby.
Israeli Press gets cocky reveals Israel's participation in JFK's Assassination
Yes, the conflict between Kennedy and Israel and its Nuclear Bombs is a silent chapter in U.S. history only because the U.S. Government and U.S. medial chose to keep it out of the news back in 1963. But the truth has been published in Israel of all places! On 7-25-2004 the Jerusalem Post carried headlines "Vannu: Israel behind JFK Assassination." The headlines were supported by statements of Dr. Mordechai Vannu a Jewish born nuclear physicist who charged that the "supporters of Israel's drive for nuclear weapons were involved in JFK's Assassination precisely because of JFK's interference with their ambitions."
According to former Mossad Case Officer Victor Ostrovsky's book, "By the Way of Deception", he claimed that the Mossad produced a movie called "A President in the Crosshairs" which is a detailed study of the 11-22-63 Assassination of JFK. Mossad uses that movie to train its newly hired Mossad agents, according to Ostrovsky. That Mossad movie indicates that the official Warren Commission version of the JFK Assassination is per unadulterated hokum.
The Jews wanted JFK Dead
The Jews/Israel's participation in the Kennedy Assassination explains why the usually shouting Jews in the U.S. never expressed any dissatisfaction with the investigation of Kennedy's Murder, rather, the usual customarily vocal Jews, regarding the political and social issues in the U.S., remained quiet when the topic of the Kennedy Assassination was raised as issue. Back in the 1960's and 1970's it was odd that when you asked that allegedly socially conscious Jew about Kennedy's Assassination, the Jew was neutral and offered no comment. Those Jewish Temples and Synagogues serve as a communication conduit and the Jews remain, silent, secret, or screaming depending on the Agenda as directed by their leaders, who create policy for the "Chosen People". The enemy lives within the borders of the United States of America.
Read this article on the JFK Assassination and you will find that Jack Ruby was up to his neck in the 11-22-63 Assassination of President Kennedy. This Jewish connection to Kennedy's murder explains Ruby committing murder, live, on U.S. TV on 11-24-63 when he shot Lee Harvey Oswald. Would Ruby's loyalty to Organized Crime cause him to commit murder in front on 75 Dallas Cops in the Dallas Police Dept.? Shooting Oswald on live TV guaranteed him the electric chair, but, at least against Organized Crime he had a fighting chance or could run. There doesn't seem to be any record of U.S. Organized Crime Bosses (Jew or Italian) ordering a hit under such circumstances (live TV in a Police Station) as was the circumstances of Ruby's murder of Oswald on 11-24-63. Even all powerful Mob Bosses have to worry about their credibility in their ranks, if they start acting irrationally; criminals survive by not getting caught. It was loyalty to Ruby's Jewish race that caused Ruby to commit murder on TV. Ruby didn't put himself in the electric chair to save organized criminals; the most Organized Crime could do was kill Ruby for screwing up the Kennedy Assassination and allowing the Patsy, Lee Harvey Oswald, to survive on 11-22-63. It was Ruby's love for his Jewish race of self-anointed "Chosen People", who's participation in the Kennedy Assassination he feared would be exposed, if Oswald stayed alive, that caused Ruby to commit Murder on live TV. Ruby, during his Warren Commission testimony, repeated that because he was being accused of being part of the conspiracy to kill Kennedy that "Jews would be murdered."
Oswald knew Ruby and knew details of the JFK Assassination that would link Ruby's street management of the JFK Assassination to the Jews via the National Crime Syndicate and Israel.
According to the "Houston Post" and "Houston Chronicle", after Ruby killed Lee Harvey Oswald, Ruby blurted out that he and others were going to be "the cause of death of 25 million Jews."
One of Ruby's defense attorneys, William M. Kunstler, documented in his book that Ruby said, "killed Lee Harvey Oswald for the Jews." During Knustler's last visit to Ruby, Ruby handed him a note: motive to kill Lee Harvey Oswald protect American Jews from Pogrom that could occur because of anger over the Kennedy Assassination." See - Knustler, "My Life as a Radical Lawyer," 1994, p. 158.
What sense did it make that Jews would be killed because Ruby, a Jew, was being accused by many at 1964 of being central in the Conspiracy to kill Kennedy? What was bothering Ruby is the same reason he had to kill Oswald; it was the Jewish connection to the Kennedy Assassination that came in the form of Jewish gangsters, including Al Gruber and Meyer Lansky, and their chain of command to Israeli's Mossad. Ruby had to kill Oswald, so Oswald could not disclose the information he had about the Kennedy Assassination that would link Israel and its Mossad and Jewish gangster's, including Chicago, Al Gruber, and Organized Crime Chief - Meyer Lansky, to that murder of the President. Israeli's conflict with John Kennedy over Israel's illegal Dimona Nuclear Power Plant that would be used to make Nuclear Bombs was a remote news item in the U.S. and was covered-up in the U.S. news media in 1963 and never made news again.
No, the Jews didn't build the Dimona Nuclear Bomb Reactor, the French did; that Dimona construction by France in Israel caused all the more conflict between French leader Charles De Gaulle and the U.S. President.
According to investigation of Ruby's telephone calls by the HSCA, Ruby called Al Gruber, who was living in California at the time, 20 minutes after Kennedy was assassinated. And then Ruby called Gruber, again, 30 minutes before Ruby killed Lee Harvey Oswald. Gruber testified that he visited Ruby in Dallas, Texas on his way back from New York a few days before the Assassination weekend, but he had left Dallas a couple of days before 11-22-63. The HSCA disclosed that Ruby had been making an unusual amount of telephone calls to known Jewish Organized Crime links in the weeks before the Kennedy Assassination.
Al Gruber never was called by the Warren Commission to testify. But he was subpoenaed by the HSCA 15 years later. Gruber had 15 years to get his story straight and the HSCA got nothing self -incriminating out of him. Except, Gruber admitted to the HSCA he was in Dallas to see his old friend Ruby a few days before the Assassination, but left Dallas before 11-22-64. Gruber at the very end of his testimony complained on the record that the HSCA's questions were an obvious attempt to implicate him in the murder of Kennedy. His last testimony wasn't testimony at all but advice to the Government's HSCA to "forget about it" (the Kennedy's Assassination). After all, by 1979 the Jews' "Take Over" of this here U.S.A. was in process, and Al Gruber, gangster, like all Jews in the U.S. think they are royalty. Al Gruber was indignant about the HSCA's attempt to incriminate him in the murder of Kennedy.
Gangster, Al Gruber, like Meyer Lansky and Ruby did practice the religion that binds the Jewish Race, and they were devoted to their race of Self-Proclaimed "Chosen People".
This Jewish connection to Kennedy's Assassination explains why the new U.S. President, LBJ, exponentially increased military aid to Israel; Kennedy would not give the Israelis any military aid. This Jewish Connection explains why LBJ was a traitor in 1967, when the U.S.S. Liberty was attacked by the Israelis and not only would Johnson prevent U.S. air power from defending the Liberty and its crew, but President Johnson let scores of the Liberty's crew bleed to death on its decks, so not to cross the Israelis. In the process of the Kennedy Assassination, the Jews had way more on Lyndon Baines than Bobby Kennedy ever had on Johnson. And Bobby Kennedy had enough on LBJ to put him in Prison. The Jews were in the clear by 1967, all the witnesses (Ruby, Ferrie, Oswald, Tippit etc.), who had links and evidence to the American Jew Gangsters and the Israeli's were dead. Jewish Bernard Weissman was also in the clear due to those men dying. The Jews were running LBJ because they had the evidence that LBJ was a participant in the planning, authorization and cover-up of the murder of President Kennedy. The Jews got everything they wanted and the other Co-conspirators got the Viet Nam war and kept the 27% oil depletion allowance against their income tax. The Cubans only got even for Kennedy backing off on the air cover for the Bay of Pigs invasion and their fellow country men being slaughtered by Castro's army.
The Minute Men and other American Groups, who wanted Kennedy dead, got double crossed and the domestic policies of the U.S. Government that followed 1963 were far worse than anything Kennedy wanted. The Jews, after 1963, enforced their Social Design Policies, first, with Kennedy's Civil Rights Act of 1964.
To keep the Jews happy, Lyndon Baines appointed Abe Fortas to the U.S. Supreme Court in 1965, then Johnson sacked all the money from the Social Security Fund to help pay for the Viet Nam War. Fortas was a Jew and had to resign in 1969 for taking pay-offs and the Social Security Fund had a new balance of zero, never to be funded again as Federal Law requires.
The John Birchers were being blamed for Kennedy's murder by Jack Ruby and Bernard Weissman during their Warren Commission testimonies. This is a typical Jew tactic to and try to blame someone else. If the John Birchers were in on killing Kennedy they got double-crossed because the Birchers' main issue with Kennedy was his Domestic Policy. The Birchers were opposed to Kennedy forcing the American Negro down the throats of the Americans and Kennedy's proposed New U.S. favored Negro policies and Government funded Social Programs that were in the form of laws that would later be enforced starting with the 1964 Civil Rights Act. The John Birch Society knew Kennedy's proposed Negro laws would destroy the United States. The double - cross would have come when the new President, Johnson, made the 1964 Civil Rights Act his pet project. There is no evidence other than guilty Jews pointing fingers that the John Birchers were involved in JFK's Assassination. There is no evidence the John Birchers participated in the planning, execution, or cover-up of the Kennedy Assassination, but the Minutemen were everywhere in Dealey Plaza at 12:30pm. on 11-22-63.
Kennedy made had a lot of powerful Enemies and that is one definition of a Great Man.
Were the Jews/Israeli's the only power group involved in Kennedy's Assassination? No, they were one of the many, as herein, that wanted Kennedy Dead. When LBJ got in as the new U.S. President the threat of Jewish Nuclear Bomb was ignored. U.S. foreign military aid to Israel started with LBJ as U.S President and soared and LBJ's administration was generous with the best U.S. missile system and U.S. tanks, so the "Chosen People" could murder the indigenous Arabs with impunity. By October of 1964 both Mao's Red China and Israel had the Nuclear Bomb. Is that same date a coincidence? Some accounts have the Israeli's working with the Red Chinese to build their bombs, while Jews stole secret U.S. military intelligence to make it all possible. Nothing new, Fuchs, Greenglass, the Rosenbergs, Rich, Pollard, all Jew Spies working against the interests of the United States of America.
Kennedy and U.S. Presidents since 1948 had refused to fund Israel with Military Aid in order to comply with existing peace treaties, signed when Israel was created, that were aimed at maintaining balance and fairness in the Middle East, and so, the Jews could not murder innocent indigenous people in the Middle East.
The Roman Emperors Hadrian and Constantine, circa 69 & 332 A.D., respectively, fulfilled the Prophesy and banished the Jews to "Wander the Earth", until the Bloody Brits inherited the Earth after their Victory of June 28, 1919 and the Brits gave the screaming Zionists in Europe the east end of the Mediterranean which is referred to historically as the "Holy Land" and Palestine, and now Israel. The Jew still seeks their Messiah they believe their God will send to them, so they can conquer the World. And without some evil power to help them, the Jews have conquered nothing in their history. If it wasn't the ancient Persians, Babylonians, Alexander the Great, the Romans, keeping the Jews subdued by Conquest, then it was the various European nations, including England, Spain, Italy, Russia, Germany, either exiling or prosecuting that race of "Wandering People", who engaged in the same illegal conduct that they conduct in today's U.S.A..
Pontiffs and Big Brother - The German Engineers' Space Race to the Moon
Kennedy was a new experience to the U.S.A., and in particular to the Anglos, who ran the government, industry, banking, media, law and commerce in the U.S.A., from its inception and at 1963. Kennedy was a Roman Catholic. The Anglo Saxon controllers of the U.S.A. at 1963 were Protestants. At that time, all Christendom was suspicious of the Roman Catholic Church due their criminal history and belief in a Trinity of Gods, a belief that is not supported by the Christian bible. The Anglo Controllers in the U.S.A. knew of the evil that had transpired as custom with the Roman Catholic Church for almost 2000 years, as would be exposed in the U.S.A. and European countries starting in the 1990's in Courtrooms causing imprisonment of Catholic priests and huge asset losses due to related law suits. "Fugitive form Justice", Boston - Cardinal Law, fled to the Vatican to get sanctuary from Prosecution for Sex Crimes committed on toddlers in Massachusetts.
The Roman Catholic Church was more than suspect by U.S. leaders in 1963 because it has always been a Power Organization bent on accumulation of Wealth through conversion of the Masses, who they urge to reproduce in order that the Roman Catholic Church has more power. The Roman Catholic Church could not control the Anglo, who knew it was run for centuries by a Society of Homosexual Priest, whose specialty was hypocrisy.
Even Big Brother Bob Emery hated the new U.S. President - John Kennedy. In 1961, on his 12:30 children's show on Channel 4 WBC TV - Boston, Big Brother Bob Emery exclaimed in disgust that he did not want to "toast" to the new President of United States with milk provided by one of his sponsors, United Farmers. Big Brother Bob Emery "liked Ike" and toasted with vigor and glee during that "toast segment" of his show when Eisenhower was President, but he had no use for Kennedy. And Kennedy was from "Bean Town". The Big Brother Show came off the air in short time after that, but the news and weather with Boston's Jack Chase and Don Kent continued. Then, Emery's "small fries" had nothing to watch at lunch time in "Bean Town".
Yes sir, they all had motive to kill the U.S. President, John Kennedy. Dulles and his C.I.A., the Italian Mafia, the Jewish National Crime Syndicate, the U.S. Military Joint Chiefs, the Anti-Castro Cubans, the American Patriot Groups including the Minutemen, J. Edgar Hoover, the Israelis and their Mossad, U.S. Vice President Lyndon B. Johnson, the U.S. Cowboy Oil Millionaires, the Military Industrialists. And so they did kill him on 11-22-63 in Dealey Plaza, Dallas on a sunny afternoon in front of 100's of witnesses.
Adolph Hitler's Engineers send V-2 rockets disguised as Mercury, Gemini and Apollo to the Moon
About the only thing Kennedy did that didn't upset the Controlling Powers in the U.S.A. was the Space Race. The Space Race between the U.S. and the Soviets was actually a race between German Scientists and Engineers, who ran the rocket and jet programs for World War II Germany. The Germans invented two secret weapons, the jet and the ballistic missile/rocket, and had heavy water that would have been used for production of an atom bomb. When the U.S. and Soviets clashed at the Elbe River they captured the prized German scientists/engineers, who would run their respective space programs. The U.S. initially fell behind when, in 1957, Sputnik went into orbit with a return by the U.S. Navy of a rocket that collapsed on its launch pad. Then, the U.S. military asked Werner Von Braun, who lived in Alabama by 1958, if he knew how to send a rocket into orbit. Von Braun responded that he knew how to do that over 15 years earlier, but had no reason. They were busy with V-2 rockets not orbits in outer space. Von Braun would be N.A.S.A.'s chief rocket architect and was undisputedly the leader of the U.S. Space Program to the moon in 1969. The space race ended as the U.S.S.R. gave it up because all their captured German Engineers and scientists died. In fact, some speculate that the reason the Soviets relinquished their power in 1991 was because they could no longer compete due to their captured German Engineers and scientists dying on them. The Slavic Soviets could not compete with the Anglo-Saxon West.
Had the Jews taken control of the U.S. in the 1950's, the U.S. space program would not have been the historical success of accomplishing a landing on the Moon by 1969. The Jews would have executed Von Braun because by the 1980's they were claiming he was a war criminal using Jewish slave labor to assemble his V-2 rockets. Von Braun died in 1977 after quitting N. A. S. A. because there were, by the 1970's, too many Jews working at N. A. S. A.
A lone crazed gunman needs No Motive. This is very convenient for the Government's Warren Commission.
III. Evidence - U.S. Spy - Lee Harvey Oswald & Jewish Chicago Gangster - Jacob Rubenstein (aka Jack Ruby) & "Friends of Ruby"
In 1956 a 17 year old American baby faced youth named, Lee Harvey Oswald, joined an organization called the U.S. Marine Corp.. Oswald was inducted into the Marines at Camp Pendleton, California where he hit the jack pot; Oswald scored high in all Aptitude and Intelligence tests given by the U.S. Marines. The U.S. Marines is a subset of the U.S. Navy, and when a new recruit scores highest in their tests, Navy Intelligence has first dibs on the new volunteer. Lee Harvey was a failure in the school system probably due to the fact he came from a broken home, but like so many with superior mental abilities (top 1% I.Q. and hi scores in all 5 Aptitude Tests) Oswald had to find a war zone before his abilities would appear and be utilized. It is undisputed that Lee Harvey Oswald was, at a minimum, trained by the U.S. military in radar; they only use recruits in the high end of the intelligence scale to operate radar.
Oswald was stationed in, none other, than the most Top Secret place on the planet Earth in the middle of the Cold War of the late 1950's. Lee Harvey Oswald was stationed at the C.I.A. base at Atsugi, Japan. Atsugi, Japan was the location during the Cold War where the U.S. Government had an Air Force base where U-2 Spy planes took off to fly over, and spy on, the Soviet Union. Atsugi was the U.S. base that the history changing Gary Francis Powers flew his U-2 plane from in 1960 ending in his spy plane shot down by the Soviets on May Day (at the time the biggest Holiday in the World). Coincidentally, Oswald, who was trained in radar that tracked the U-2 flights by the U.S. Government, had defected and was communicating (possibly tortured) with the Soviets by 1960. This Gary Francis Powers' U-2 Spy plane hit by the Soviets caused the end to Eisenhower's "Four Powers Paris Summit" with Nakita Khrushchev; U.S. President Eisenhower was embarrassed because he had previously vowed that the U.S. was not sending Spy Missions over the enemy U.S.S.R.. Gary Powers' U-2 was the first U-2 spy plane to be shot down by the Soviets; it was well settled that at that time the Soviets did not have the technical radar capability to shoot down those high flying U-2 jets at 90,000'. Powers, a C.I.A. agent, declined to take his Cyanide pill that was protocol for fallen U-2 pilot spies, who walk away from their crash, into certain Soviet capture. Powers was found guilty of espionage by the Bolsheviks and spared with a prison sentence only to be released 10 years later in exchange for the U.S. captured Boss of Julius and Ethel Rosenberg, of Los Alamos stolen atom bomb secrets Spy Ring fame, Spy Master Able (aka KGB Colonel Rudolf Ivanovich Able, aka William August Fisher). Powers died in the mid -1970's in a helicopter crash before he finished his book. The Authorities alleged that the helicopter ran out of fuel causing the crash and death of Gary Francis.
Lee Harvey Oswald had Top Secret Clearance while working for U.S. military in Naval Intelligence. Oswald was taught Russian by the U.S. military at their Foreign Language School, Monterey Language Institute, in California. Isn't that a coincidence?
In the U.S. Marine Corps. Oswald made the rank of Sergeant in 3 years. Evidently, the U.S. military, Navy Intelligence and the Marine Corps. thought well of Oswald and that he was not crazy.
Gangster, Jacob Rubenstein
Jacob Rubenstein (aka Jack Ruby), whose hometown was Chicago, Illinois, had worked for one of the most famous and fabulous men in American History. In his earlier years, Ruby's employer was Al Capone, lord of profits caused by the most foolish law ever passed by the U.S. Congress, Prohibition. Capone and Nitty were dead, but successor, Tony Accardo, expanded the jurisdiction of his Chicago mob and sent Ruby to Dallas, Texas where he engaged in numerous illegalities with the help of "influence peddling" of the local newspapers, government, and police, who Ruby knew well.
Ruby's former boss, Al Capone made $100,000,000 in 1927 off the Black Market Prohibition Booze Trade and according to the I.R.S. paid no income taxes. Unable to finish his eleven year Federal Prison sentence for tax evasion, due to advance stages of Syphilis that Capone contracted long before the founding of Penicillin by Scottish Scientist Fleming in 1940, Capone was released from Alcatraz and died on Palm Island, Florida in the mid 1940's. President F. Roosevelt confiscated Al Capone's car and it became the U.S. Presidential Limousine until Roosevelt died in 1945 of a brain hemorrhage. U.S. President, Harry "the Hat" Truman, would have preferred a Studebaker, but settled for a Pierce Arrow.
Chicago Gangster, Al Capone made Hundred of Millions of Dollars during the U.S. Prohibition from 1920-1931 while he controlled Chicago's illegal booze trade, but when he died in 1947 they never found any of Capone's money! The best evidence is that Capone deposited his money in Canadian banks and from there funneled his vast fortune to numbered Swiss Bank Accounts. The Swiss Bankers did well off Capone and other U.S. Gangsters, as well as, other in history who had to hide their money.
Many Americans find the motives of President F. Roosevelt at least questionable. President Roosevelt Committed the unlimited U.S. war resources (industrial production, war materials, population for war of attrition) to ally with the second biggest murderer in the Earth's history and one of the thieving Bolsheviks, who stole and enslaved all in the name of the State, Joseph Stalin. However, President Franklin D. Roosevelt had the answer for John Kennedy on 11-22-63, but Kennedy was oblivious to that answer, as were he and his brother and the Boston Irish Brain Trust oblivious about the real world around them which caused Kennedy's death. Roosevelt stole Al Capone's car after the Government threw Capone into Alcatraz for an eleven year prison sentence for Income Tax Evasion. Roosevelt knew he had powerful Domestic Enemies on both ends of the political spectrum during his 4 terms as U.S. President and Roosevelt was bomb proof when profiling in his Presidential Limousine that was built for and stolen from Al Capone. If Kennedy took the lesson of Roosevelt and his stolen Al Capone's car, all those pee shooters in Dealey Plaza would have bounced off the bullet proof moving fortress like bullets off George Reeves' chest.
In his book, Bound by Honor, Bill Bonanno, son of New York Mafia boss Joseph Bonanno, said Jack Ruby was an associate of Chicago mobster, Sam Giancana. It seems everybody knew Ruby was in Organized Crime but the Warren Commission.
Jack Ruby was a gun runner, friend of the Police, F.B.I. informant, did business with Carlos Marcello the Mafia Boss of New Orleans. Ruby was well known to the Dallas newspapers and their reporters. During the weekend of the JFK Assassination, Ruby ran around Dallas delivering sandwiches and coffees to the Offices of the Dallas newspapers, their reporters outside the Dallas Jail, and to the Dallas Police Dept.. Like all Organized Criminals, Ruby knew he had to stay user friendly to the Government and their Police or he would be out of business because his whole life was illegal. Some report Ruby was pimping out his strippers for prostitution money.
Crucial to the Warren Commission's Report was that Organize Crime was not involved in Assassination of President Kennedy. The Warren Commission Decreed, via their Warren Report, that there was no element of Organized Crime involved in the Assassination of John Kennedy. However, the U.S. Government, including the Warren Commission through its investigative body, the F.B.I., knew quite the opposite was true! F.B.I. reports, immediately after the JFK Assassination, prove the Government knew Jack Ruby was not just a ganster, but tied to a "Subversive International Crime Syndicate" that aimed to overthrow the Government of the United States. Read that previous hyperlink and the F.B.I. documents that they knew Jack Ruby worked for Al Capone and his Chicago Gang. Also, Jack Ruby was good buddies with many Dallas Police and was guilty of "Influence Peddling" the Dallas Police.
That "Subversive International Crime Syndicate" was Meyer Lansky's U.S. National Crime Syndicate which worked with the Israeli Mossad on Special Projects like overturning Governments.
LHO "Defects to the U.S.S.R" and is never seen again - Many Faces of Lee Harvey Oswald
Lee Harvey Oswald gets an honorable discharge (not a dishonorable as is the usual claim ) from the Marine Corp. and quickly defects a week later to the Soviet Union in October of 1959. Oswald publicly proclaims at the U.S. Embassy in Moscow that he is a Marxist and turns in his U.S. passport and attempts to cancel his U.S. citizenship. Conveniently, it was Saturday and the U.S. Embassy did not conduct business on weekends, so his U.S. citizenship was never forfeited. During interview in Moscow, with a female U.S. journalist, Priscilla Johnson of United Press International, Oswald threatens to give out U.S. radar secrets to the enemy of the Western World, the Soviet Communists. Johnson testified before the Warren Commission that "he hoped that his experience as a radar operator would make him more desirable to them (Soviets)."
After being discharged by the U.S. Marines in September of 1959, Oswald, officially, remained in the reserves. The Marine Corp. later changed Oswald's discharge to dishonorable when they learned of his alleged activities in the U.S.S.R., including defection and claims to give up Atsugi radar secrets to the U.S.S.R..
After a month in the Soviet Union and his Visa about to expire, Oswald was told to leave that country, so he sliced his wrists in what has been called a suicide attempt. Oswald's Visa to the U.S.S.R. did expire, but the only female member of the Soviet Politburo insisted that Oswald be allowed to stay in the U.S.S.R.. It was after this point in time, late 1959, that the man in U.S. Marine Corp. pictures, who was then Lee Harvey Oswald, was never seen again. The faces of Lee Harvey Oswald would forever be a different person with a different face from late 1959, until 11-22-63.
Oswald makes quick action in the Soviet Union. He marries the daughter of a Soviet KGB officer named, Marina Nikolaevna Prussakova. Marina would claim on U.S. TV shows in the 1960's and 1970's that Lee was a Russian and that he spoke fluent Russian when she met him in 1961. Marina claimed on U.S. TV talk shows in the 1960's through 1970's that when she met Lee he had his own apartment during a time, still under the Stalinist Communist system, that forced multiple families to be packed into one apartment. Due to this relative opulence, Marina said she thought Lee was a government official, because, as she explained, only the very elite had their own apartment in the U.S.S.R. at that time. While appearing on the Tom Snyder and Merv Griffin Shows of the 1960's and 70's Marina was shouted down while trying to give the American Public evidence the U.S. Authorities wanted to void. The mob didn't listen to this poor woman, but made her break on public TV shouting her down while calling her names. This Web Site has made search on the Internet for those interviews of Marina in the 60' and 70's, but although all the Snyder, Griffin, and Mike Douglas shows are available on the Internet, you can't get Marina's shows.
While Oswald is in the Soviet Union, F.B.I. Director J. Edgar Hoover issues a communication inquiry making alert that someone else is using Lee Harvey Oswald's identification. A review of pictures of Lee Harvey Oswald from 1956 through 1963 reveals, at least, three different people. The pictures of the alleged Oswald with Marina in Russia reveals someone who looks, maybe, something like the Lee Harvey Oswald that the Dallas Police arrested on 11-22-63, but not the same man who was photographed in U.S. Marine Corp. pictures. Lee Harvey Oswald was born in 1939 and would have been only 24 years old when Jack Ruby shot and killed the alleged Kennedy Assassin on 11-24-63 in the cellar garage of the Dallas Police Station. That surprises most people who remember the Oswald who was arrested on 11-22-63 for shooting Kennedy as looking like a person in his 30's.
Not even Believable but irrefutably true, The U.S. State Dept. gave Lee Harvey Oswald his passport back along with his U.S. citizenship he denounced and let him back into the U.S.A., with a Russian wife, in June of 1962. Oswald applied to the U.S. State Dept. to be reinstated and within a week he had his citizenship and U.S. passport returned in good standing. The State Dept. also gave him $437.00 which in 1962 would be the equivalent of $4,000.00 in 2013 dollars. But it did happen, and Oswald landed in the Dallas Airport, via ship to New York City, as if he never acted like a Top Secret American Intelligence, who betrayed his county in the U.S.S.R. during the height of the Cold War. How does a traitor get red carpet treatment on a moment's notice? Oswald was an American Spy when he entered the Soviet Union in 1959, not a real defector, but what happened to him when he had to deal with the masters of espionage, the Soviet KGB?
Some may consider another riddle that is Marina. How did Marina escape the Iron Curtain to go, of all places, to the United States during the height of the Cold War in 1962? Nothing is documented about this extraordinary action by the Soviet Communists regarding their allowing Marina free passage, at the drop of a dime, to escape the Iron Curtain and go live with the enemy U.S.A.. There was no Freedom of Information Act or Public Records in the U.S.S.R.. But none the less, that is what happened. Was Marina a Spy? Her uncle, who she lived with, was a ranking officer in the KGB. Or was her husband, Lee, a Soviet Spy, who was returned to the U.S.A. replacing the real Lee Harvey Oswald pictured in U.S. Marine Corp. pictures and never pictured again? The Soviets would have made special accommodations for the wife of one of their double agents. The Warren Commission was "Luke Warm" and indifferent to these issues of the Oswalds suddenly being allowed, by their respective Governments, to go to the U.S.A..
However, U.S. Government documents exhibited by the Warren Commission show there was plentiful U.S. Government attention paid to Marina and her Visa needed to get into the U.S. during the height of the Cold War. After a battle with U.S. Authorities, Marina got a special U.S. waiver . Here there is more Official attention paid to Marina's waiver, see part 2 for her VISA, so that she could enter the United States directly from the U.S.S.R. with husband Lee Harvey.
In June of 1962, the U.S. State Dept. was put on alert that LHO was taking the SS Rotterdam. And right on schedule at 6-13-62, Lee Harvey and Marina arrived by ship to N.Y.C. and applied for Welfare.
Lee Harvey and Marina then fly to Texas, after first sending their lugage to Ft. Worth. Once they settled down, the F.B.I. documents (see page 1, and see page 2, and see page 3) per their investigation that the Oswalds never lived anywhere more than at most a few months from June 1962 through November 1963.
The Warren Commission even provided documented photographs of exactly what Lee Harvey Oswald looked like when he returned to the U.S.A. in June of 1962. Is that the same Lee Harvey Oswald the Warren Commission identifies as Defecting to the U.S.S.R. about October of 1959? The Warren Commission was cooperative to document, officially, that the Lee Harvey Oswald arrested on 11-22-63 was a different Lee Harvey Oswald, although the Warren Commission never admitted that their Lee Harvey Oswald had many faces. John Dillinger went to a plastic surgeon to get his face altered in 1935, so to disguise himself. By 1960 the Soviets seemed to have been proficient at facial plastic surgery, but when the Soviet Lee Harvey was sent to the U.S. in June of 1962 something happened to their Oswald and by November of 1963 Lee Harvey Oswald had a different face. It wasn't plastic surgery but different people.
Nowhere is Marina pictured with this version of Lee Harvey Oswald, who was arrested on 11-22-63. Maybe because Marina never lived with that last version of Lee Harvey Oswald and why the Oswalds had so many different addresses in Texas. Marina's business manager, James Martin, described Marina as expressing no emotion about the loss of her husband on 11-24-63, see Warren Commission Vol. I, pgs. 491-92. Although, Martin testified before the Warren Commission that Marina was interested in the $132,000.00 worth of advances on movie, book and t.v. contracts James Martin completed for Marina Oswald by December of 1963, see Warren Commission Vol. I, p. 492. Marina Oswald was also interested in the $68,000.00 in contributions, but according to her business Mgr. - Martin, she said, "The American people are crazy for sending me that money", see Warren Commission Vol. I, p. 502. The American People did not know that Marina was a Soviet spy as was her dead husband, who posed as Lee Harvey Oswald, and was already captured by the U.S. Intelligence in March of 1963 never to be seen or heard of again. The real Lee Harvey Oswald went from the U.S. Marine Corps. to work for the U.S. Fake Defectors Program and he failed to deceive the Soviets and was captured in the U.S.S.R. a few months after entering that country in October of 1959.
Not even at the Oswald family 1962 Thanksgiving Diner (that version of Oswald seated on the right side of the couch with tunic sweater) was Marina with either the Lee Harvey of the Marine Corps, as pictured in the exhibit of the HSCA, or the Lee Harvey who was arrested on 11-22-63 in Dallas, Texas. Marina (woman sitting back of couch on your right side) doesn't look very comfortable at the traditional American gathering. Who was this Russian woman Mariana? That version of Lee Harvey Oswald seen at the 1962 Oswald Thanksgiving Day Diner disappeared a few months after November 1962. That wasn't Borris Badanoff and Natasha NoGoodnik, that was the Russian Soviet Lee Harvey Oswald, who was sent back by the Soviets with his spy wife, Marina, as a "double agent" replacing American Spy and Fake Defector, Lee Harvey Oswald. And the Soviets did not fool anyone, because the U.S. Spy Intelligence made the Russian "double agent", immediately, just as the Soviets didn't buy the real Lee Harvey Oswald's Fake Defection to the Soviet Communist State and his claim of being a Communist and even offering the Soviets his knowledge of U.S. of radar secrets. That's right, to get secrets a spy sometimes have to offer secrets first.
Oswald has been referred to as crazy. When did Lee Harvey Oswald go nuts? The U.S. Marine Corp. didn't think so, nor did the more demanding U.S. Navy Intelligence. The U.S. State Dept. let him back in the U.S.A. when he arrived with his Russian wife, Marina, on June 13 of 1962. Maybe, they thought he had to be sane to want out of the U. S. S. R.. This "crazy liar tactic" is a traditional tactic used by the police in the U.S. to discredit their enemies, especially when the police are up to their usual "no good" and have nothing on their enemy. On that weekend that followed Kennedy's death, the Dallas police, in cooperation with the U.S. TV. networks, tried to convince the American Public that Lee Harvey was crazy and a total liar. What did Oswald do that weekend of 11-22-63? He stated on U.S. TV, in a convincing manner, that he had nothing to do with killing Kennedy and that he was "just a patsy". That is a strange word, "patsy", for a person who knew nothing about the Assassination of Kennedy to be using. Did Oswald realize, too late, what had occurred, and/or, did he know Kennedy was going to be Assassinated? Was this version of Lee Harvey Oswald, unknowingly by him, being manipulated by the Conspirators of Kennedy's Assassination to be positioned for blame?
The only thing the U.S. authorities pointed to that made Oswald "crazy" was their decree that Oswald shot Kennedy. They convicted Oswald without Due Process of Law and then used that conviction as evidence he was "crazy". There was no "crazy evidence" prior to the Governments' decree of guilty. Read this article on the JFK Assassination and the evidence is plain and outstanding that the man they arrested on 11-22-63 and charged with the Assassination of JFK was not a rifleman in Dealey Plaza and to a certainty did not kill the U.S. President.
aka "Jack Ruby" was a Lone Crazed Gunman
The Warren Commission would have saved themselves some work, if they theorized Jack Ruby was the Lone Crazed Gunman, who Assassinated John Kennedy, instead of their Decree that it was Oswald. The evidence is undisputed that Ruby, at least acted like he was crazed, and undisputedly appeared on U.S. TV as a Lone Gunman when he shot Lee Harvey Oswald in front of 75 Dallas cops in the Dallas Police Station on live U.S. TV. Oswald was having a coke on the second floor lunchroom of the TSBD when Kennedy was murdered, but Ruby was seen everywhere that weekend of Assassination from 11-22-63/11-24-63. Immediately after Kennedy was shot, Ruby was seen by witness Jean Hill (parade watcher who saw JFK shot) exiting the TSBD in Dealey Plaza and run over to behind the Grassy Knoll, in time for Dallas Police Officer, Tom Tilson, who swore under oath that he saw a man, he knew for many years prior to 11-22-63 to be Jack Ruby, running down the west side of the railroad track embankment that boarders the railroad yard behind the Grassy Knoll of Dealey Plaza, west of the Triple Under Pass, and then throw a long cylindrical wrapped package into the back of a Rambler on Elm St. shortly after the Assassination. Ruby was then seen and filmed by TV cameras in Parkland Hospital when Kennedy was in the ER., and then Ruby was seen at least twice in the Dallas Police Station where Oswald was under arrest. All two days before Ruby, all alone, plugged Oswald surrounded by 75 police officers in the Dallas Police Station on live TV in a crazed rage. Ruby also seen by Vickie Adams a few minutes after the Assassination 12:35 at the corner of the TSBD at the intersection of Houston and Elm asking everyone questions as to what they saw. Ruby was seen on Saturday 11-24-63 by D.P.D. Harkness? at demonstration at the Dallas Town Hall protesting JFK's Assassination. Ruby was seen by two Mexican women in Dealey Plaza minutes after the Assassination handing LHO a hand gun. Ruby fronting as the Jewish Press on 11-22-63 at D.A. Wade's Press Conference concerning charges against LHO for JFK Ass. where Ruby helped Wade and volunteered on TV that LHO was involved with the FPFCC. Ruby seen in truck on Elm St. by woman an hour before the Assassination unloading a rifle to a man with plaid berret?
Jack Ruby yelled, "Oswald" as he pulled the trigger killing Lee Harvey Oswald on live U.S. TV.. To many that yell, "Oswald" by Ruby when he shot is Oswald was proof that Ruby knew Lee Harvey Oswald, personally. That audio of Ruby yelling "Oswald" when he shot Lee Harvey in the Dallas Police Station is not available on any of the Internet videos that show that TV recording of that live murder by Ruby. But Ruby's murder of Oswald was repeated on the U.S. TV Networks back in 1963 and their filmed live murder coverage included the audio of Ruby yelling, "Oswald."
Ruby denied going to Parkland Hospital on 11-22-63, after being asked twice by Commissioner, Gerald Ford. Vol. ? W/C p. 207.
However, Ruby was interviewed on 11-22-63 by a Dallas reporter, Seth Kantor, who spotted Ruby and was known to the reporter, at the Parkland Hospital at 1:30pm., after they brought Kennedy in on a stretcher. Kantor said, " Ruby appeared worried." Maybe Ruby had an interest at Parkland Hospital that 11-22-63, but why? The Warren Commission determined in their infinite Bureaucratic wisdom, after hearing this testimony by journalist Kantor, that Kantor was mistaken even though another witness, Wilma Tice, corroborated Kantor's testimony. However, Kantor's conversation and handshake with omnipresent Ruby at Parkland Hospital was recorded by TV cameras and is on today's Internet/ "You Tube". Although the Internet would not be invented for another 30 years, due to Lee's invention of http protocol, the Warren Commission would say that You Tube and the Internet are both wrong and that Al Gore invented the Internet. Talk about a bunch nuts!
Jack Ruby is caught on TV film coverage in the hallway of the Dallas Police Station when the Dallas police were escorting a handcuffed Lee Harvey Oswald for interrogation on 11-22-63. Ruby attempted to force his way into Homicide Capt. Will Fitz' Office in the Dallas Police Station, while Fritz was interrogating Oswald after Oswald 's arrest on 11-22-63, per F.B.I. report taken from Dallas Radio WFAA Reporter, Vic Robertson. Then, during a Press Conference held by D.A. Henry Wade at the Dallas Police Dept., on the evening of 11-22-63, Ruby was up against the back wall of a Dallas P.D. conference room posing as a reporter for the Jewish Press, and provided Wade information about the "Fair Play for Cuba Committee". All two days before Ruby, all alone, plugged Oswald surrounded by 75 police officers in the Dallas Police Station on live TV in a crazed rage. Ruby was allowed free run of the Dallas Police Dept on Sunday morning of 11-24-63 in order to execute Oswald on live TV.
For those who watched TV on 11-24-63, what did Ruby yell when he shot Oswald? Jack Ruby yelled, "Oswald", when he pulled his gun and plugged Oswald in the stomach in front of 75 Dallas cops. What's the big deal? Try and find a film clip of Ruby shooting Oswald with audio. Oh, there are a multitude of authentic TV network filmed recordings of that live murder on U.S. television, but none include the audio and as a result, today, you can't hear Ruby yell "Oswald". Why? The film did have audio but has been censored. Yelling "Oswald" is evidence that Jack Ruby knew Oswald. He was calling him by name and that's what everybody said in the U.S.A. back in 1963.
Per interview by Mark Lane with Dallas Police Officer Napoleon Daniels, Jack Ruby was the only non-cop allowed by fellow Officer Vaughn to go down the Main St. ramp which ran into the Dallas P. D. cellar where Oswald was being held and transported on the a.m. of 11-24-63. Daniels stated, per interview with Lane, and per Affidavit, that he was with officer Vaughn from 11:00 - 11:20am. and was there when he heard the shot by Ruby that killed Oswald. The Dallas police, and its Chief, were sure, as per televised interviews, now on the Internet, that security would be maximum in order to insure the safety of their prisoner, Lee Harvey Oswald. The interview with Officer Daniels by author and assassination researcher, Mark Lane, is also on the Internet - "You Tube". How is it that a non-cop, Ruby, was able to shoot Oswald, while Oswald was not just in the Dallas P.D. while on high alert, according to Chief Curry, but Oswald was surrounded by an army of 75 Dallas Police? It was all part of the Cover-up Conspiracy.
The JFK Assassination Co-conspirators had to get rid of Lee Harvey Oswald because he knew too much; Oswald's murder was a crucial part of the JFK Assassination Cover-up.
Ruby must have been desperate that weekend of 11-22-63 to commit a Kamikaze mission like his Sunday morning murder of Oswald on live national TV. The plan of murder of the U.S. President was unraveling very quickly that weekend and those who were wise to the obvious evidence that instantly plastered the U.S. media knew it was not a lone gunman. Many U.S. citizens thought they were seeing a "coup d' e-tat" that 11-22-63, and that is what they did see, a Coup d' e-tat. The plan of the lone crazed gunman is complete; a dead Oswald can no longer tell the press and police "he's just a patsy" and reveal the evidence and the truth which the Dallas Police and Secret Service claimed they never recorded during 2 days and 12 hours of questioning via 3 interrogations of Oswald. A lone crazed gunman needs no explanation of motive evidence for his Assassination of the U.S. President. Ruby, also, ended up being a type of patsy because the plans of murder on 11-22-63 were poor and did not account for the many failings that would cause immediate exposure of their Murder Conspiracy of the U.S. President in plain sight. Or was Ruby the first Jewish martyr?
Joseph Campisis visited Jack Ruby on November 30, 1963 at the Dallas Jail where Ruby was held for the first degree murder of Lee Harvey Oswald. Campisis was according to the Warren Commission and F.B.I. an associate of Dallas Organized Chief, Joseph Civello. Campisis was close to Dallas law enforcement but had been arrested on gambling charges. Ruby wanted to talk to Campisis and had Dallas Sheriff, William Decker, contact Campisis on 11-29-63 informing Campisis of Ruby's request. Many theorize that Ruby wanted somebody in the know, like Mafia Campisis, to middle information and status of the JFK Assassination.
Who was Lee Harvey Oswald? Different Faces and Different Signatures!
Oswald's brothers were interviewed on U.S. TV in the mid-1960's. Oswald's brother, Robert, claimed he was waiting for brother Lee and his Russian wife, Marina, when they got off the plane at the Dallas airport in June of 1962 and immediately realized that it was an imposter. During these Interviews, Oswald's brothers stated Oswald's hair texture and height were different than the man who got off the plane with the Russian woman. They pointed out that they had nothing to do with this imposter. Like the 1960 TV interviews of Marina, those TV interviews of the Oswald's Brothers are not on the Internet. The Warren Commission made use of this failure by Lee Harvey Oswald to socialize with his own family to portray him as a loner.
Signature is another evidentiary issue with Lee Harvey Oswald, whoever he was. Most peoples' signature varies a little, some individual's signatures are like a rubber stamp, exact at each writing. The Warren Commission was good enough to collect documents signed by Lee Harvey Oswald in the few years between his time in the U.S. Marine Corp. and Kennedy's Assassination (1956-1963), and in so doing, the Warren Commission, unwittingly, provides physical evidence that Lee Harvey Oswald signatures were completely different over those few years. If the Warren Commission's documents show totally different signatures for Lee Harvey Oswald from 1956-1959 through 1963, did they also inadvertently prove there was more than one person claiming to be Lee Harvey Oswald? Or that there was a Cover-up of the JFK Conspiracy? You be the judge.
Lee Harvey Oswald's signature in 1956 when he entered U.S. Marine Corp. , and in 1959 September 4, and again in 1959 Sept 11 secret military disclosure document, 1959 defection Letter.
The Warren Commission provides more documented Lee Harvey Oswald signatures after his arrival in the U.S.S.R., 1961 letter to the U.S. Navy, 1961 letter of request for Passport, 1962 letter to the U.S.M.C., 1962 hand written letter from Minsk, letter to U.S. Dept. of State after return to U.S. living in Ft. Worth, Texas not dated, More 1962 signatures, 1963 signature, another 1963 signature and again on this 1963 job application (see page 1 of 1963 application)..
The Alleged purchase of a mail order rifle from Klien's is supported by the Warren Commission with this U.S. Certified Mail Receipt signed by Lee Harvey. But that signature on the U.S. Certified Mail Receipts are not the same as the signature of Lee Harvey in the U.S. Marine Corps, or anywhere else.
Nor does the Warren Commission's documented signature of Alex Hidell (alias used by Lee Harvey Oswald according to the Dallas Police and Warren Commission) or this signature of Alex Hidell look remotely similar to each other or the original 1956-1959 Lee Harvey Oswald signature. And how do you like that version of Lee Harvey Oswald, yes, another face. That was the alleged fake i.d. the Dallas cops took from Oswald's wallet when they arrested him at the Texas Theater. What did Marina and all the Russians in the Soviet Union call her husband (Lee Harvey Oswald)? That's right, Alek. That's also right, Alek was the Russian Spy who faked as the real Lee Harvey Oswald and came to the U.S. and got caught by U.S. Intelligence and was never seen again after the winter of 1963.
In 1962, Lee Harvey Oswald and wife, Marina, socialized in the Dallas area with people that comprised the small Russian Community, including aristocrat, George de Mohrenschildt and his wife, who spoke Russian. Mohrenschildt was born into Russian nobility and witnessed the Czar overthrown and the Bolsheviks take over in October of 1917 causing his family of nobility to flee. Eventually, due to his work and knowledge of the oil industry, he ended up in Texas. George de Mohrenschildt was a C.I.A. operative and was paid by them for his work in post World War II, including in Yugoslavia. As one could imagine, a Russian nobleman, who lost his heritage to Lenin and his Reds, would be a trusted Anti-Communist. He would end up dead two days after he started giving interviews to Readers Digest in March 27 of 1977. Compounding de Mohrenschildt's problems was that he was in process of publishing his Memoirs with a Dutch publisher on about February of 1977, and was being sought by House Select Committee on Assassinations investigator, Gaeton Fonzi in March of 1977 to testify about information de Mohrenschildt had about the C.I.A. and Kennedy's Assassination. The U.S. authorities claimed de Mohrenschildt's death was a suicide, but like all their claims of suicide surrounding people involved with the Kennedy Assassination there was contrary evidence; before he was blasted in the face with a shotgun, witnesses claimed that the security door alarm went off.
Oswald's Communist Pro-Cuban "Fair Play for Cuba Committee" in New Orleans did not exist. It was another "Communist smoke screen" created by Oswald's handlers, including the C.I.A.. The New Orleans headquarters for the "Fair Play for Cuba Committee" was in Federal Sq., New Orleans, next to the F. B. I.'s Office. Guy Bannister's Office at 10 camp St. was also in Federal Square and across the street from C. I. A. and F. B. I. and other U.S. Intelligence Agencies in New Orleans
The original plan was to make JFK's Assassin (Lee Harvey Oswald) a Communist affiliate with the Soviet Union and Castro's Cuba. This new Lee Harvey Oswald was a typical "legend" or "creating a person" by the C.I.A..
They never did say if the Oswald that Ruby shot had scars on his wrists from his 1959 suicide attempt in Moscow.
Due to the plain evidence that there was more than one Lee Harvey Oswald because of his many different faces, Oswald's corpse was exhumed after a long court battle. Paul Groody, Oswald's embalmer at Miller Funeral Home, Dallas, in November of 1963 was present at the cemetery to witness the exhumation in 1981. It was undisputed by all parties that concrete tomb that contained Oswald's coffin was cracked. According to Paul Groody, Oswald's head was dismembered from the body in the coffin. Somebody got there first, and Oswald's coffin was full of water. The Dallas Authorities did not cut off Oswald's head via an autopsy when he was shot by Ruby in 1963. Paul Groody was the original embalmer who prepared Lee Harvey Oswald's body for burial in 1963. Groody also witnessed, on 11-25-63, the police enter the Miller Funeral Home for a private view of Oswald's corpse. When the police left Paul Groody discovered fingerprint ink on Oswald's dead hands that he found very difficult to remove. The Authorities determined that everything was fine and the real Lee Harvey Oswald was buried in his grave. What would you expect the Government to say?
As a result of the 1981 exhumation of Lee Harvey Oswald, Groody also stated during filmed interview from the early 1980's, now on "You Tube", that when Lee Oswald's body was exhumed and brought to Baylor Medical Center, he did not see any of the autopsy markings that were present on Oswald's head that were present when he embalmed Oswald's body in 1963. This exhumation caused controversy for which Marina Oswald was prepared; Marina hired a photographer to video the entire exhumation. The photographer, Hall, was paid for his work but refused to turn over the video of Oswald's exhumation in 1981. Marina Oswald went to court and a judge found that the photographer, Hall, had to turn over the video. Hall never turned over anything and the video of Oswald's exhumation remains concealed. Why is that?
EARL WARREN QUESTIONS JACK RUBY & TESTIMONIES OF "FRIENDS OF JACK RUBY"
The last thing Earl Warren wanted was the truth from a participant of the Kennedy Assassination. Dwight D. Eisenhower said the worst thing he did while serving 8 years as the elected U.S. President was appointing Earl Warren to the Supreme Court. LBJ was a shrewd judge of character and appointed Earl Warren, Chairman of the Warren Commission, because he was able to manipulate Warren with fear that World War III would result from Kennedy's death, if the Warren Commission implicated any foreign power on the Planet Earth. Earl Warren was happy to go along with the Pre-planned Decree of a "Lone Crazed Gunman", who fired 3 rifle shots from the southeast window of the 6th floor of the TSBD. Earl Warren was also victim to J. Edgar Hoover, who knew of an incident in Mexico that would have caused Scandal to destroy a very sensitive Earl Warren. No doubt, LBJ knew about Earl Warren's Scandal and planned to use it against Warren in order to complete that most important part of the Assassination Cover-up which was the Warren Commission and their Lone Gunman Decree.
Earl Warren didn't want to know Ruby, J.D. Tippit, Bernard Weissman Met - Too Much Information for the Warren Commissioners
The Warren Commission led by Chairman, Earl Warren, visited Jack Ruby in the Dallas Jail on June 7, 1964 to get his testimony. Warren Commission Counselor, Rankin, asked Ruby about the meeting with Jack Ruby, Dallas P.D. Officer J.D. Tippit, Bernard Weissman, and a "Texas oil man" in his Carousel Club 8 days before the Assassination of President Kennedy. Ruby responded, "who was the "Texas oil man"?" That response by Jack Ruby could be taken as a confirmation by Ruby that there was such a meeting at his Carousel Club, and that the Warren Commission surprised him with a new fourth person at the meeting, a "Texas Oil Man". Yes sir, Ruby had already been convicted of murdering Lee Harvey Oswald and Ruby wanted out of Dallas in exchange for information on the Conspiracy that murdered Kennedy.
Bernard W. Weissman - No longer a JFK Assassination Mystery Man
Who was this master of mystery of the Kennedy Assassination, Bernard Weisman? Weissman is one of the Jews, along with Ruby and Ruby's roommate, George Senator, who were at the nucleus of the John Kennedy Assassination mystery. But why Jews? The Jews liked Kennedy. Well, not Jewish Gangsters or the Israelis (See "Motive to Kill the U.S. President" - section, above). U.S. Organized Crime was controlled by a virtual unknown Jew named, Meyer Lansky, at 1963, and had been from the 1930's. Lansky was the undisputed head of the National Crime Syndicate. The Kennedy Brothers, John and Bobby, were hated by U.S. Organized Crime and that included, not just the Italians, but the Jew Gangsters. Lansky's U.S. Organized Crime Syndicate explains Ruby's connection, in part, to the JFK Assassination. Ruby, was a low level gangster and street level manager of the Assassination of the U.S. President on 11-22-63, but who are these guys Weissman and Senator?
The Warren Commission's 26 Volumes are a wealth of evidence to support a Conspiracy to Murder President Kennedy; the Warren Commission simply ignored, or decreed such evidence was mistaken, regarding any and all evidence that was yelling at them that there was a Conspiracy to Assassinate JFK. Bernard Weissman could not escape the testimony of the Warren Commission after news reporter, Dorothy Kilgallen, publicized that Weissman and J.D. Tippit had a meeting 8 days before the Assassination with Jack Ruby in Ruby's Carousel Club. Weissman first testified in New York on June 9, 1964 before Warren Commission Assistant Counsel, Melvin Aron Eisenberg; that testimony is found in Volume XI p. 26 of the 26 WC volumes. Weissman was given opportunity to get an attorney and his testimony was continued on June 23, 1964 in Washington D.C. before the Warren Commissioners and is found in WC Volume V, p. 487.
However, Bernard Weissman was favored by the Warren Commission. Even the W/C exhibit that features his identity is labeled with the name of "Bruce Ray Carlin". That is Bernard Weissman not Carlin. The "Bruce Ray Carlin" label conveniently results from the Warren Commission introducing Weissman's picture for Bruce Ray Carlin to identify during Carlin's Warren Commission testimony. Carlin failed to identify Weissman, claiming to have never seen such a person. Carlin's wife worked as a stripper at Ruby's Carousel Club. Here is a photo of Bernard Weissman in New York newspaper published a few days after the JFK Assassination.
Weissman, under oath before the Commission, denied ever knowing a Jack Ruby, or a Dallas Police Officer - J.D. Tippit, let alone meeting with them in Ruby's Carousel Club on November 14, 1963. In fact, Weissman denied any acquaintance with Ruby or Tippit and testified he knew nothing about the Carousel Club. Weissman was certain he had never been in any such place as the Carousel Club, and the Warren Commission was glad to hear that.
Weissman testified that he did not know Lee Harvey Oswald and never heard the name until 11-22-63, via radio broadcast of the Kennedy Assassination.
Weissman had no choice but admit he was responsible for publishing the "Anti-Kennedy Ad" in the Dallas Morning News of 11-21-63 evening edition and 11-22-63 morning edition welcoming Kennedy with a "Mr. Kennedy Welcome" one page newspaper spread. Weissman's name was at the bottom of that "Mr. Kennedy Welcome" Ad. Weissman testified he did not know where the $1462.00 came from to publish the ad. However, he did testify that his CUSA associate, Joe Grinnan, came up with the money from an "unknown source". Weissman tried to blame the John Birch Society as the source of the money. Weissman testified that Joe Grinnan was in the U.S. Army with him and was one of the original founders of CUSA and one of three "active" members. The only CUSA activity that Grinnan engaged in, according to Weissman's testimony, was obtaining the $1462.00. The only other "active" member, Larry Schmidt, was given credit for calling Weissman in New York to come to Dallas in order to take advantage of the Adlai Stevenson incident for their CUSA conservative takeover. Weissman testified that this Larry Schmidt had a brother who was active in General Walker's realm and that Schmidt's brother could provide CUSA help in penetrating conservative organizations in Dallas. Weissman also testified that it was Larry Schmidt who set him up with living quarters and furniture when he arrived in Dallas, Texas on November 4, of 1963. Weissman testified he was broke when he arrived at Dallas, Texas.
When Weissman testified about Larry Schmidt's brother, Warren Commission Counsel, Jenner, asked "this man's name, by any chance, was not Volkmar?" Weissman responded that he never knew Schmidt's brother's name, See W/C Vol. V, p. 498. Warren Commission Counsel, Jenner, was throwing the World a "Red Hearing" because Volkmar Schmidt was not related to Larry Schmidt. Volkmar Schmidt never worked for General Walker, but he did attend a party with Lee Harvey and Marina Oswald and the De Morendshmilts and the Paines in the winter of 1963 in Dallas, Texas. Volkmar Shmidt worked for Collins Radio in Dallas; Collins Radio was used a C.I.A. front.
Larry Schmidt and Joe Grinnan were unknown to Weissman after Kennedy's Assassination; Weissman claimed they fled Dallas after the Assassination. There is no record of this guy Larry Schmidt or Joe Grinnan testifying, via the Warren Commission, or in any of the other extensive research sources including the National Archives, per their Jfk web site, or the HSCA, ARRB. Weissman's other two active members of CUSA, Larry Schmidt and Joe Grinnan, never existed, but were pure fantasy to provide cover for Bernard W. Weissman.
It was unusual for the Warren Commission to never have asked for or provided, via any exhibit of documented proof, that Weissman had been in the U.S. Army until his alleged discharge in August of 1963. Likewise, the Warren Commission never asked for or provided any proof or corroboration by documentation or another witness' testimony that Larry Schmidt and Joe Grinnan existed. Weissman wasn't Grinnan during his Warren Commission testimony but he was grinning later because he thought he had been clever.
Weissman testified to the Warren Commission he was an encyclopedia salesman in New York City area after his two years in the U.S. Army, barely making a living and without any capital before he landed in Dallas, Texas on November 4 of 1963. Weissman claimed, per his testimony to the WC, that he traveled to Dallas because of the Conservative Movement opportunity created in Dallas, Texas resulting from the Adlai Stevenson incident in Dallas in October of 1963. Weissman testified he traveled from New York to Dallas to infiltrate rightwing organizations in Dallas and become known and take over these rightwing organizations. During testimony, Weissman claimed to be domestically liberal and didn't like the John Birch Society and other conservative groups because they were Anti-Jewish. However, throughout his testimony Weissman claimed to be die hard "Conservative." Whatever that is?
Bernard Weissman explained, per his Warren Commission testimony, that CUSA (Conservatism U.S.A.) was a conservative political organization and aimed to "monopolize the money available for rightwing organizations." Weissman testified that he and a few Army friends founded the CUSA idea while stationed in Munich, Germany while he was in the U.S. army. He testified that he was discharged from U.S. Army in August of 1963. He also testified that before being drafted into the U.S. Army for two years that he worked for the Nuclear Development Corp. as an experimental machinist.
Weissman used this CUSA organization of Conservatism to justify his whole existence, including his trip to Dallas, just coincidentally, a couple of weeks before Kennedy was Assassinated. The Warren Commission was glad to hear all about this non-existent CUSA from this witness they would have avoided, if it wasn't for Mark Lane and Dorothy Kilgallen telling the World that Weissman was at the infamous Carousel Club with Ruby and J.D. Tippit on 11-14-63. That's right, CUSA had only two, or maybe 3, allegedly, "active members," including Weissman; those "active members were nowhere to be found and were never proven to exist. CUSA had no funds or headquarters or even an office. CUSA did not have a telephone number or letterhead stationary, yet the Warren Commission digested everything this Weissman fed them about CUSA with approval.
Weissman's CUSA began and ended with Weissman's W/C testimony, and CUSA was never heard of before or after.
Weissman described the CUSA conservative ideology at length before the Warren Commission as the most major part of his testimony. He could not testify to CUSA's activities because there were not any, except the Anti - Kennedy Ad, he put in The Dallas Morning News on 11-21-63. But if you read the ad it was not sanctioned by CUSA but by "The American Fact-Finding Committee"; whoever "The American Fact-Finding Committee" was never was explained by Weissman, nor requested by the Warren Commission. However, Weissman's CUSA was not a very good "Smoke Screen" and fooled nobody. Weissman during his Warren Commission testimony rambled on in detail about CUSA's conservative aims, goals, and demeanor. Weissman sounded like he had read a Huxley or Orwell novel, but really could only attempt an amateur mimicking of those Anglo political thinkers.
The Warren Commission wasn't totally sleeping because, although they never questioned Weissman about his "American Fact-Finding Committee", they concluded in their Warren Report Chapter 6, p. 297, that "The American Fact-Finding Committee" was fictitious.
Shortly after the Assassination, on December 8, 1963, Weissman was featured by the New York Times. However in that article, quite to the Contrary, Weissman denied being a member of any Conservative Political Organization and tried to blame the John Birch Society for funding his Anti-Kennedy Ad of 11/21-22/63. During the Times interview, Weissman gave an Anti - Communist stance, and opposed Kennedy's Nuclear Bomb Test Ban Treaty. In that Times article, Weissman claimed "he chose Dallas for the business opportunities and because it was a warm place where he could make money and that Dallas had a reputation for conservatism."
On December 10, 1963, Weissman was featured in another New York paper. That newspaper article, as did the New York Times article, resulted from an interview of Bernard Weissman due to the publicity caused him by the Anti - Kennedy Ad Weissman put in the Dallas Morning News on 11/21-22/63. Weissman had returned to New York after leaving Dallas Texas once Ruby shot Lee Harvey Oswald; the news article does not indicate how they knew Weissman was in New York by 12-10-63. In that newspaper article Weissman claims not to belong to any Conservative Political Organization and warns the American People to be cautious of the Danger of Communism..
This guy, Bernard Weissman, did not fool all the people. Bernard Weissman was not at all honest with the Warren Commission and the Warren Commission was glad to tick him off their list of to-do's, never to be heard of again. But Why? Of course the Warren Commission was part of the JFK Assassination Cover-up, but this Weissman was an unconvincing liar with all his bullshitting about his CUSA organization that he alleged was the focal point of his life and ambitions and reason for landing in Dallas less than 3 weeks before Kennedy's Assassination. CUSA did not exist, it was something that was, at best, a poor cover for Weissman's real activities.
But who was Weissman working for?
Weissman demonstrated by his actions, via the one page Anti-Kennedy spread in the Dallas Morning News, something about himself. He demonstrated he disliked President Kennedy and he showed up in Dallas, Texas, just before Kennedy was Assassinated and then hi-tailed it immediately after Lee Harvey Oswald was shot dead. You would have thought that, if the Adlai Stevenson incident in Dallas caused his Conservative CUSA an opportunity, that the Kennedy Assassination would have been "opportunity knock." Especially, where Weissman's name was on that Anti-Kennedy Welcome Ad in the Dallas Morning News.
Adlia Stevenson was assaulted in Dallas, Texas in late October of 1963 by protesters, who were opposed to the new left and their new Anti-American policies in the U.S.A.
Ruby, Weissman, Tippit meet on 11-14-63 @ Carousel Club
Weismann testified that he vacated Dallas immediately after Kennedy's and Oswald's murder on the weekend of 11-22/24-63. He was located by the Warren Commission because New York reporter, Dorothy Kilgallen, exposed that Weissman met with Dallas Police Officer J.D. Tippit and Jack Ruby at the Carousel Club 8 days before the Assassination. Weissman testified, as herein, but then disappeared from even the most ambitious JFK Researchers. Weissman testified that he wrote Affidavits for the F.B.I. and Dallas Police prior to his Warren Commission Testimony, but only one F.B.I. interview report on Weissman turns up in the endless Government and Researcher's works, including the Warren Commission exhibits, HSCA exhibits, and the ARRB (Assassination Records Review Board) and National Archives Web Site. There were no Affidavits found.
Not only did Bernard Weissman leave Dallas, Texas immediately after the the Kennedy Assassination weekend, but Weissman was prepared. Bernard Weissman according to his employer quit his job the day before Kennedy was Assassinated on 11-21-63. What a coincidence!
Before Weissman fled Dallas he asked his employer if "anyone was looking for him". Weissman was fearful as he exclaimed during that parting conversation with his boss that he had "a lot of Money and Power behind him."
If you look long enough among the thousands of the non-published Warren Commission Documents, not the exhibits in the 26 Warren Commission Volumes, there is just one F.B.I. Report resulting from contact with Weissman. However, the information on this F.B.I. document could have been obtained from the phone book because the content is so superficial. The Warren Commission and F.B.I. made sure that F.B.I. Report was, not only hidden in the W/C Documents (not the 3000 Warren Commission Exhibits but the separate 1000's of W/C Documents), but the document was deliberately vandalized in order to make it barely legible. The second paragraph of that F.B.I. Document reports that Weissman claims he had "never been in the Carousel Club and did not know Ruby or Tippit."
Even further search in the National Archives reveals two F.B.I. documents that provided information that Life Magazine and the December 17, 1963 New York Times, and a newspaper in Texas, published news that Bernard Weissman and Lee Harvey Oswald lived in the same East Dallas Rooming House run by Mrs. Roberts. A credit investigator reported this information to the F.B.I. about Oswald and Weissman living in Mrs. Roberts Dallas Rooming House; they had to be living there at the same time because Weissman testified at the W/C that he only arrived in Dallas on November 4, 1963 according to his W/C testimony.
Enter Mark Lane - JFK Assassination Researcher
When further questioned by the Warren Commission about the now public "assertions" that he had a meeting with Ruby, and by then deceased, Dallas Police Officer J. D. Tippit, Weissman told the Warren Commission that Attorney Mark Lane was the source of that statement about him meeting at Ruby's Carousel Club. Weissman testified that "Mark Lane, Lee Harvey Oswald's post-mortem attorney, made that statement about his Carousel Club meeting at the "Town Hall in New York" and later the same day on a New York radio station". Weissman testified he called Lane at the radio station and chastised Lane for making such a claim without definite evidence. Per his WC testimony, during that same telephone exchange with Mark Lane at the New York radio show, he threatened to sue Researcher Mark Lane for saying he, Weissman, was at the Carousel Club with Ruby and Tippit . Weissman also testified that during a later phone conversation to Attorney Mark Lane's New York City Office, Lane agreed to fly Weissman to Dallas to have a public meeting with the "guy" who told Lane that Weissman was at the 11-14-63 Carousel Club meeting, but he never heard from Lane again.
According to Weissman's Warren Commission testimony, Lane never took any corrective actions about the "assertions" that Weissman was at the Carousel Club with Tippit and Ruby and never contacted Weissman. Weissman, strangely, never sued Lane. Lane would have welcomed a lawsuit by Weissman because it would have led to evidence of truth concerning the Kennedy Assassination. Both Mark Lane and Weissman are Jews, maybe that's why the conflict ended.
Mark Lane's source of information that Weissman, Ruby and J.D. Tippit all met at the Carousel Club on November 14, 1963 was Thayer Waldo a reporter for the Dallas Fort Worth Star-Telegram. Waldo feared publishing that there was such a meeting; he was well-known by the Dallas Police and had inside sources from that Police Dept.. Waldo feared he would be killed for publishing the story on the Carousel Club November 14th 1963 meeting because so many JFK Assassination witnesses were being picked off. Waldo gave the story to Attorney Mark Lane. Mark Lane had no fear and made sure the Warren Commission was alerted to the Carousel Club meeting with Weissman during Lane's Warren Commission testimony. Lane and Waldo forwarded the information about Weissman's meeting at Ruby's Carousel Club to Dorothy Kilgallen. It was news reporter, Dorothy Kilgallen, who made the Ruby, Tippit, Weissman Meeting front page news in the Journal American. Dorothy also had the only private interview with Jack Ruby in March of 1964 and she died for her coverage of the JFK Assassination on 11-8-65.
Weissman never sued Dorothy Kilgallen, either. If he had sued, not only would there have been unwanted publicity and evidence delivered about the Kennedy Assassination, but a lawsuit by Weissman against Kilgallen or Mark Lane would have yielded evidence that Weissman lied under oath while testifying before the Warren Commission.
Some research sources claim that during his Warren Commission testimony that Thayer Waldo disclosed that his source of the information about the meeting at the Carousel Club between Ruby, Weissman and J.D. Tippit was Dallas Police Officer, Lieutenant George Butler. George Butler was also in charge of the Dallas Police Department's transfer of Lee Harvey Oswald on the morning of 11-24-63 when Ruby shot Oswald in front of 75 Dallas cops in the Dallas Police Station. Waldo never testified at the Warren Commission that Butler or anyone else was the source of his knowledge about the Weissman, Tippit, Ruby meeting at the Carousel Club because the Warren Commission never asked and didn't want to know.
However, Waldo's Warren Commission testimony when addressing his observations of Ruby shooting Oswald at the Dallas Police Station, W/C Vol. IX, p. 593, was "Butler was the man whom I had sought out on every occasion that I wanted to learn something about developments, whenever I could find him, because he had been very cooperative", "he was more able to understand what was wanted and he was always on, apparently, on high-level information, and if it was for release, he would be the one who would have it and be the most willing apparently to give it."
Per review of Thayer Waldo's Warren Commission testimony, W/C Vol. IX, the Warren Commission and their Counsels never asked news reporter, Waldo, one word about any meeting at the Carousel Club. The Warren Commission never asked Waldo, who was Attorney Mark Lane's source about the meeting on November 14, 1963 at Ruby's Carousel Club between Jack Ruby, Dallas Police Officer J. D. Tippit, and Bernard Weissman, about that meeting. This evidence of the meeting at Ruby's Carousel Club is powerful evidence regarding the events in Dallas, Texas on 11-22-63. The "Lone Nutters" and attorneys out there are yelling and screaming that the evidence of the meeting at Carousel Club is hearsay evidence and not admissible in a court of law. Since when was the Warren Commission a court of law? The Warren Commission Volumes are chock full of hearsay evidence and the Warren Commission was not limited by evidentiary hearsay rules.
Waldo did testify that he saw Jack Ruby in the Dallas Police Dept. on 11-23-63 between 4-5pm. and that he saw Jack Ruby "handing out cards." That is how Ruby made friends by giving out a "card" that would give the bearer a free drink at the Carousel Club, Vol. IX p. 587 of Waldo's W/C testimony.
Waldo further testified that he was present at the transfer of Lee Harvey Oswald at the Dallas Police underground garage on Sunday 11-24-63. Waldo testified that he knew Lieutenant George Butler of the Dallas Police Dept. and said that while he was waiting for Oswald to enter the D.P.D. garage for transfer that the usually calm and collected Butler was so nervous that his lips were trembling, p. 594 of W/C testimony.
Dallas news reporter Thayer Waldo claimed to have other information on the Kennedy Assassination, but the only other information he released was that the Dallas Police found another rifle on the roof of TSBD. The Dallas Police were filmed by Charles Mentesana removing another rifle from the roof of the TSBD. In that film two Dallas Police Officers are standing on a fire escape of the TSBD gesturing to the roof and then the rifle is being examined. None of this information about this second rifle in Dealey Plaza came out via Waldo's W/C testimony.
Waldo also heard the Dallas P.D. radio broadcast an order by Chief Curry to get whoever's is shooting from the Triple Overpass in Dealey Plaza. Curry told the press that he originally thought the shots that hit Kennedy came from the TSBD, but that was a lie. Dorothy Kilgallen also picked up on this lie by Dallas Police Chief Curry; she was provided a record of that radio call made by Curry over the Dallas police radio which disclosed that he originally, like everyone else, thought the shots that hit Kennedy did not come from the TSBD. None of this information about Curry's order to get the shooter on the Triple Overpass came out via Waldo's W/C testimony.
This Weissman is still a mystery man, and alive, 50 years after the JFK Assassination. Unlike almost all the other witnesses, figures, participants, and actors that made up the Kennedy Assassination, and its endless evidence, there is nothing on Weissman, once he finished his lukewarm questioning by the Warren Commission.
The HSCA of 1979 declined to question Weissman. Weissman was never subjected, after his Warren Commission testimony, to any questioning by further JFK Assassination Investigative Authorities created by the Federal Government.
Did that meeting with Ruby and Weissman cause J.D. Tippit's death? Why was Weissman so important that he walked away from Dallas and the Kennedy Assassination unscathed? There is just too much undisputable physical and testimonial evidence surrounding Tippit's murder to defeat the Warren Commission's Decree that, just coincidentally, Tippit, was murdered by Oswald, when Tippit randomly came upon a walking Lee Harvey Oswald on 10th St.. If that Carousel Club meeting got Tippit killed, who or what organization was Weissman representing that were so important that the Dallas Police would have cooperated in favor of cop killers?
Read below, "XIII. Witnesses saw "short stocky man with dark curly hair" shoot D.P.D. J.D. Tippit @ 1:06pm. - Nobody saw Oswald shoot Tippit", J. D. Tippit was not killed by Lee Harvey Oswald, nor was it physically possible for Lee Harvey Oswald (the one that worked at the TSBD and was arrested by the D.P.D.) to have been physically present on 10th St. when Dallas P.D. J. D. Tippit was gunned down at no later than 1:06pm.
8:00pm. on 11-24-63 @ Ruby's Apartment - another Deathly Meeting
George Senator is another mystery man of the Kennedy Assassination. Senator lived long after 1963, but the guests he had at his and Jack Ruby's apartment at about 8:00p.m. on 11-24-63, (date Ruby shot and killed Lee Harvey Oswald) were not so lucky. Two newspaper reporters, Bill Hunter and Jim Koethe and Ruby's first attorney, Tom Howard, all were present at that 8:00 pm. meeting at Ruby's apartment on the Sunday eve of 11-24-63, while Jack Ruby sat in a Dallas, Texas jail; those 3 guests would be murdered within 18 months time. Another Attorney was present named C. A. Droby; Droby was threatened with murder by phone and was immediately interviewed by the press. The Droby press film footage is on the Internet. Droby had drawn a lot of press coverage because the other 3 guests at Ruby's apartment were already murdered in the most bizarre circumstances. Like JFK Assassination witness, Jean Hill, who was threatened throughout her life because she revealed evidence about the Assassination, many reason that C. A. Droby also lived because of all the press coverage waiting for Droby to be murdered next. The more the press promoted a particular troublesome witness to the Government's "Lone Gunman Decree", the more likely the witness would survive, and vice versa. A third attorney, Jim Martin, was the sixth person at the meeting at Jack Ruby's apartment about 8 hours after Ruby shot Oswald live on U.S. TV.
Some report that C.A. Droby merely arranged the meeting at Ruby's apartment, but Droby is quoted as stating, "If Rose (Dallas Police Detective) was in Ruby's apartment that afternoon, he was there long before we were." Droby continued about the Dallas P.D. claim that they searched Ruby's apartment at 2:00 pm. in the afternoon of 11-24-63, "I just never realized it because nothing was messed up." These statements by Droby appear in Bill Sloan's book, Breaking the Silence, 1993, and indicate Droby was in Ruby's apartment on 11-24-63 with the other 5 guests. Droby lived a long life and died in 2011. He remained silent on the Kennedy Assassination.
However, this newspaper account in the L.A. Free Press resulting from an interview with Deputy Sheriff Roger Craig, claims there was $10K in cash in Ruby's apartment, not to mention $2K in Ruby's pocket when the Dallas Police arrested him. Craig also disclosed during that same interview that the trunk of Ruby's car was loaded with cash.
Martin and Senator had no problems that were made public; Senator died of natural causes and lived to 79 dying in 1992. There seems, even after long searches, to be nothing on the sixth person in Ruby's apartment that Sunday eve, Attorney Jim Martin.
What did they learn or what was it that they found in Ruby's apartment that three of them had to be killed? The two reporters, Hunter and Koethe, were allowed by Ruby's roommate, George Senator, to search Ruby's room; there is no evidence that they found anything, let alone something that would get them killed. Tom Howard was Ruby's first attorney on 11-24-63, when Ruby shot Oswald. Howard's legal representation could account for his murder because he may have gained information from Ruby about Oswald and the Kennedy Assassination Conspiracy from his instant interview with Ruby on 11-24-63, but nobody knows what information Howard died with.
However, Attorney Howard was guilty of telling the Houston Post that his client, Jack Ruby, had been in the Dallas Police Station on Friday night of 11-22-63, after Lee Harvey Oswald was arrested, and that Ruby was carrying a gun while in the Dallas Police Station on 11-22-63.
Most JFK Assassination Researchers speculate that there was "something" in Ruby's Apartment on 11-24-63 that resulted in deaths, but could it have been something else? Could it have been that there was some evidence produced by those involved in the Assassination that was not to be disclosed to non-participants, especially the press? In other words, the evidence was verbal just like testimony in court; some of the 6 at Ruby's apartment may have "heard something" that got them killed. Could it have been that Attorney Howard learned more about the Kennedy Assassination than just Ruby having a gun in the Dallas Police Dept. on 11-22-63 to kill Oswald and told the others at Ruby's apartment?
As confirmed by Jack Ruby and Larry Crafard during their Warren Commission testimonies, George Senator admitted, during his Warren Commission testimony, that he and Ruby, along with Ruby's employee, Larry Crafard, drove to a location in Dallas that featured the famous "Impeach Earl Warren" billboard at 4:00 - 5:00am. on 11-23-63 and photographed it because it was "similar" to the Anti - Kennedy Ad in the Dallas Morning News. Those two promotions have a similar look or design to this Anti-Kennedy hand out bill, "Wanted for Treason".
Attorney Jim Martin is the most mysterious of the gathering at Ruby's apartment. Senator was a Jew and Jim Martin may have been. That name, Martin, is generic but is used by Jews and of course Jews are drawn to the legal profession due to its means of social corruption. This guy Martin was able to escape the scrutiny of the JFK Researchers and he never testified before any Government JFK Assassination investigative body. The Government had a habit of avoiding the testimony of any witnesses who had evidence they knew was adverse to the "Lone Gunman Decree". Martin was never called to testify about Ruby, Oswald, the Assassination or the strange meeting at Ruby's Apartment on Sunday, 11-24-63, that resulted in 3 dead men and one other escaping death threats. The Assassination Researcher's including New Orleans District Attorney, Jim Garrison, never caught up with this mystery man, Attorney Jim Martin.
Senator testified before the Warren Commission but forgot about the meeting at Jack Ruby's apartment on 11-24-63.
There was one small exception to Martin's ability to escape questioning. Attorney Jim Martin was interviewed for one small exchange of one question by one Assassination Researcher, Penn Jones, Jr. in the mid-1960's. Jones asked Martin, if he thought it was unusual that George Senator, during his Warren Commission Testimony of 4-22-64 (date of the night news reporter Bill Hunter was murdered in the Long Beach Police Dept at point blank range by a cop), forgot about the 11-24-63 meeting at the apartment he shared with Ruby? Martin responded, "are you looking for a Conspiracy?" "You will never find it."
Martin knew the Co-Conspirators did a good job of Covering- Up the JFK Assassination evidence, even if it required more murders.
However, Attorney Jim Martin was wrong, the evidence of the Conspiracy to Assassinate JFK and its Cover-up Conspiracy are abundant. You don't need the Government to tell you left from right, and you don't need the Government to tell you that the evidence surrounding JFK's murder shows there was a Conspiracy. In fact, the evidence of the a JFK murder Conspiracy on 11-22-63 and its Cover-Up Conspiracy is outstanding. No one is going to come forward and admit to being involved in Conspiring to kill JFK because they would be killed, and that's the way it has been for 50 years since November of 1963.
Bernard W. Weissman Escapes JFK Assassination Researchers
The JFK Assassination cast features one, Jack Ruby, who was an undisputable Jewish gangster from Chicago, and two of the best disappearing acts involved with Kennedy's Assassination, George Senator and Bernard Weissman, also both Jews. Is it just another coincidence of the Kennedy Assassination that Bernard Weissman, and George Senator escaped with lukewarm questioning, by the WC, they were never called to testify at the HSCA, and escaped death, the Assassination Researchers, and were never heard of again? Attorney Jim Martin received the most preferential and protective "hands off treatment" by the Warren Commission and all other U.S. Government JFK Assassination Investigative Organizations and even the JFK Researchers.
Bernard W. Weissman is alive and lives in New Rochelle, New York just outside New York City 50 years after 1963; but none of the 100's of JFK Assassination Researchers dare question or even mention his name.
One thing for sure, Jack Ruby was surrounded by death in November of 1963. But Why? The Warren Commission wrote Ruby off as having a 'bad day" on 11-24-63 when they decreed he had an emotional spasm and killed Lee Harvey Oswald. The Warren Commission claimed Ruby had absolutely no links to any Organized Crime or Government Entities or their sanctioned Intelligence/Spy Organizations. Such a decree was totally in opposite of the evidence.
Jack Ruby's Warren Commission Testimonial Ramble & Plea to Earl Warren to learn the truth of JFK Assassination
Jack Ruby's Warren Commission was voluntary. According to Earl Warren, it was a letter from Ruby's sister, Eve, informing the Warren Commission that Jack Ruby wanted to testify that caused the Warren Commission to hear Ruby. And that's exactly what Ruby's Warren Commission testimony was, listening to Jack Ruby, or the Warren Commission "hearing" Ruby for 4 hours of what would be hard to consider testimony. See W/C Vol. V.
On June 7, 1964 in the Dallas County Jail, the Warren Commission, featuring Chairman Earl Warren (then Chief Justice of the U.S. Supreme Court) and future President, Congressman Gerald Ford, were present along with their General Counsel, J. Lee Rankin and his Assistants, Arlen Specter and Leon Jaworski, et al., for the sworn testimony of one, Jack Ruby. Ruby had by this time already been convicted of the murder of Lee Harvey Oswald.
Did Ruby's trial for the murder of Lee Harvey Oswald yield any evidence to help discover the truth about the JFK Assassination?
No. Ruby's defense attorney, Melvin Belli, had Ruby plead mental insanity. As a result, there was no dispute about the Government's/prosecution's facts nor was there any probing of evidence surrounding the events in Dallas on the weekend of 11-22/24-63 that would have been yielded by a trial. In other words, Ruby's lawyer, while having Ruby plead insanity, also stipulated to the prosecution's facts of Oswald's murder by one Jack Ruby. The only issue at Ruby's "trial" was his capacity to commit murder due to his defense that he wasn't capable of murder due to insanity. The jury found he was not insane and he had already agreed to all the facts that made him guilty of murdering Oswald and that put him in prison until he got the electric chair for "murder one." Ruby's alleged Warren Commission Testimony lasted 4 hours with only 10% of his talking time consumed by answering questions posed by the Warren Commissioners and Counsel. Jack Ruby took over the entire proceedings, but only hinted or alluded to the truth because he wanted different conditions before he, as he claimed, would disclose what really happened to him in Dallas, Texas on the weekend of 11-22-63.
Ruby spent a large percentage of his 4 hours of alleged testimony pleading with Earl Warren to bring him back to Washington D.C. and give him protection from the danger of death he faced in the Dallas Jail. Ruby was not referring to his future execution due to the murder conviction. At the same time Ruby pleaded with Earl Warren and his Commission to give him truth serum and a lie detector test to insure that he was telling the truth, so there would be no question of the truth he had to tell them. Ruby knew he was a dead man in Dallas and repeated that to the Warren Commission. Ruby was dead right about his safety issue in the Dallas Jail.
Ruby wanted to give the Warren Commission real evidence of the JFK Assassination, if they would get him out of Dallas and into protective custody in Washington D.C.. This is something the Warren Commission could have easily arranged and Ruby knew it. What changed Ruby's mind causing Ruby to want to "talk"? Did he feel double-crossed by his "friends" because he was found guilty at his trial and sentenced to an execution date? Ruby would on September 9, 1965 at his unscheduled appeal hearing press conference implicate Lyndon Baines Johnson as being responsible for the murder of JFK. Who else did Ruby have contact with, and or, direct knowledge of participating in the Conspiracy to kill Kennedy besides the Jews (U.S. Organized Crime and the Israelis and their Mossad)?
Noteworthy, in Ruby's testimony was his admission about being "close" to the police and bringing them sandwiches during the Assassination Weekend . His old Jewish friend, Al Gruber, from the bad old days in Chicago came down to visit Ruby in Dallas and left a few days prior to Assassination weekend, W/C Vol. V, p. 185. Ruby claimed Gruber's visit was about a money making car wash concept called "washateria". W/C Vol. V, p. 187. Ruby disclosed he was in constant contact with radio KLIF in Dallas and was bringing them sandwiches during the long Assassination weekend because they were very busy while posted at the Dallas Jail making sure they covered the transfer of Lee Harvey Oswald. p. 185-189. Ruby claimed he was in the Dallas P.D. for the first time on Friday 11-22-63 at 11:30pm. when he helped D.A. Henry Wade during a Press Conference by donating to D.A. Wade at that press conference information that Lee Harvey Oswald worked for the "The Fair Play for Cuba Committee".
How in the World did Jack Ruby know that? How did Ruby know so much about Lee Harvey Oswald on the eve of 11-22-63 that he was able to inform Dallas D.A. at a Press Conference as to what Oswald had done in August of 1963 in the City of New Orleans? Ruby Knew Lee Harvey Oswald that is How! And there is No Other Explanation for Ruby knowing about the fictitious "Fair Play for Cuba Committee" that Oswald invented in New Orleans, because additionally, Oswald was the only member of the "Fair Play for Cuba Committee" in New Orleans.
W/C Vol. V, p. 190, Ruby stated he would not get fair representation from his attorney, Joe Tonahill, who was present at Ruby's Warren Commission testimony. p. 194 "He is not my lawyer".
Ruby's talk before the Warren Commission sounded incoherent, possibly caused because he was trying to give some information, (alluding to it) without saying what that information was, all in order to try and convince the Warren Commission that this witness, Ruby, had the Rosetta Stone to the Kennedy Assassination and that they, the Warren Commission, must honor Ruby's request to bring him back to Washington D.C. and protect him against the death he knew was around the corner. What Ruby didn't know is that Earl Warren and his President's Commission did not want the real evidence of JFK's Assassination.
The major message of Ruby's W/C Vol. V testimony was "I want to tell the truth, and I can't tell it here. I can't tell it here. Does that make sense to you?", p. 194. "Gentlemen, my life is in danger here. Not with my guilty plea of execution", p. 196. "I may not live tomorrow to give any further testimony." "... I want to get out to the public, and I can't say it here, is with authenticity, with sincerity of the truth of everything and why my act was committed, but it can't be said here", p. 196. "I won't be living long now. I know that", p. 198.
Ruby continued about the evidence he would tell. W/C Vol. V, p. 198, "Unfortunately for me, for giving the people the opportunity to get in power, because of the act I committed, has put a lot of people in jeopardy with their lives."
But Earl Warren spoiled Ruby's hope of Protective Custody in Washington D.C. in exchange for the evidence only he, Ruby, had, as he alluded to. W/C Vol. V, p. 195, Earl Warren finally gave Ruby the answer he didn't want to hear, "No, it could not be done" , responding to Ruby's repeated request to be brought back to Washington D.C.."
Once Ruby realized, after 2 hours of pleading with Earl Warren to bring him to Washington D.C. under protective custody, he was wasting his time, Ruby changed his tune and started claiming that his family was going to be killed and that somehow the John Birch Society was going to get everyone. His testimony reverted to his original story of November 1963 when he stated that he killed LHO to save Jackie Kennedy further grief via a trial. And Ruby then denied any link between a subversive organization or Organized Crime contacting him to kill Oswald. Ruby claimed it all "just happened" on Sunday morning, p. 199.
Ruby again blamed the John Birch Society for being the "organization that was "indoctrinating this area" "that I am the one that was in a plot to assassinate our President", p. 202. When asked by Earl Warren for his basis of that accusation against the John Birch Society Ruby said, "Just a feeling of it", p. 203.
Ruby testified that he entered the Dallas Police Station, via the infamous Ramp, to get into the underground garage and kill Oswald at 11:21, p. 199. When finally asked by Warren if he knew Oswald, Ruby testified with a quick, "NO". Strange how he wanted to talk and rambled on for hours, but about Oswald it was a clean cut "No" by Ruby and he suspiciously immediately switched the subject to irrelevant verbiage about his friend Ray McWillie, who ran gambling casinos in Havana, Cuba.
The original Televised film clips of 11-24-63 record that when Ruby pulled his gun and shot Lee Harvey Oswald in the stomach, Ruby yelled, "Oswald". Many American Citizens in 1963 believed such a greeting was evidence that Ruby knew Oswald.
Those TV network film clips of Ruby shooting Oswald in the garage of the Dallas P.D. in front of 75 cops is plentiful on the Internet, but you won't hear, Ruby yelling "Oswald" when he pulled the trigger. Did the TV networks make sure that Ruby's audio (voice yelling), "Oswald," was erased? Evidently, but that film clip was played repeatedly on TV on 11-24-63 and Ruby's yell of "Oswald" was as loud and clear as the bullet shot.
Ruby admitted, per his testimony, p. 203, that he did get Larry Crafard and George Senator at 4:30am on Saturday 11-23-63 to take Polaroid pictures of the "Impeach Earl Warren" Billboard, p. 203, after they first went to the "Post Office Box Number 1792 or something like that" "to find out the box number of "this" Bernard Weissman," p. 203.
When asked by Earl Warren if he knew Weissman before that? Ruby's answer was, "never knew him," p. 203.
When asked by Warren Commission Counsel, Rankin "did you know Officer Tippit?" Ruby responded that "there were three Tippits on the force." Ruby stated the only Tippit he knew was on "Special Services and he was not the one that was shot", p. 203.
Ruby Knew J.D. Tippit - W/C testimony of Larry Crafard & Andrew Armstrong & D.P.D. Olsen
Ruby's Carousel Club employees said something different about Ruby's association with Bernard Weissman, Dallas Officer J. D. Tippit, and Lee Harvey Oswald. Larry Crafard stated during his Warren Commission testimony that he had only worked a few weeks for Jack Ruby at his Carousel Club when Kennedy was shot on 11-22-63. Crafard testified he was working in the Carousel Club on 11-22-63 when they heard the radio announcement that a Dallas Police Officer Tippit was shot dead. Crafard testified that Jack Ruby responded that "he knew Dallas Police Officer Tippit", W/C Vol. XIV, p. 42., Crafard also testified that the same afternoon of 11-22-63 when it was announced over the radio that Lee Harvey Oswald was arrested that someone in the Carousel Club responded that Lee Harvey Oswald had been in the Carousel Club. Crafard clammed up testifying that he could not remember who said it, but that it had to be fellow Carousel employee, Andrew Armstrong, who was present during the announcement.
Crafard was not the only employee of Jack Ruby working at his Carousel Club when the radio announced that Dallas Police Officer J.D. Tippit was shot dead. Andrew Armstrong, who functioned as a manager at the Carousel Club, testified at the Warren Commission, Vol. XIII p. 353 that "He (Ruby) said that "he knew Officer Tippit", when the news was coming over the radio about the policeman being shot, that it was Officer Tippit; Jack jumped straight up and, "I know him--I know him". "Just like that."
Armstrong volunteered to the Warren Commission that "later Ruby's sister, Mrs. Grant, told me it was a different Officer Tippit that Ruby knew."
Also revealing, during Officer Harry Olsen's W/C testimony on page 632, we have yet another witness close to Jack Ruby who confirms that Ruby knew Officer J.D. Tippit. Dallas P.D. Officer Harry Olsen was the boyfriend of one of Ruby's stripper employees, Kathy K. Coleman, at Ruby's Carousel Club. Olsen broke his knee cap while ice skating with Jack Ruby.
Bernard W. Weissman known to Larry Crafard at Ruby's Carousel Club
Strangely, the Warren Commission never asked Armstrong if he knew or had ever seen Bernard Weissman. They asked Larry Crafard and many other Ruby employees, and associates if they knew or had ever seen Bernard Weissman, but not Armstrong. It was standard questioning by the Warren Commission for anyone who had been in the Carousel Club; did they know or ever see Lee Harvey Oswald, J.D. Tippit, or Bernard Weissman? But with Andrew Armstrong, all those king's horses and king's men (Warren Commissioners and their Counsel and Assistant Counsels (lawyers)) missed that question, although Armstrong's testimony consumed scores of pages of transcript.
Larry Crafard testified before the Warren Commission that he had never seen or heard of anybody named Bernard Weissman and could not identify him from the picture the Warren Commission presented of Bernard Weissman. However, Larry Crafard had already committed himself when the F.B.I. questioned him about Weissman; Larry Crafard had seen Bernard Weissman in the Carousel Club many times and Ruby called him "Weissman."
Jack's Testimony @ W/C, continued, 11-14-63 meeting at Ruby's Carousel Club
Rankin then asked Ruby, "there was a story that you were seen sitting in your Carousel Club with Mr. Weissman, Officer Tippit, and another, who had been called a "rich oil man", at a time shortly before the Assassination. Can you tell us anything about it?" It is usually reported by JFK Assassination Research that this question resulted in Ruby responding, "Who was the rich oil man?" Which is true, per Ruby's Warren Commission testimony. But most Researcher's report the Warren Commission was caught off guard by Ruby's answer and skipped on to another subject to avoid Ruby's further disclosure of the meeting. That could not be further from the truth. Both Rankin, and then Earl Warren jumped in, and continued questioning Ruby about the meeting at the Carousel Club between Ruby, J.D. Tippit, and Bernard Weissman about a week before Kennedy was Assassinated. p. 203.
Ruby's first response, "Who is the rich oil man?" can be used to infer that Ruby was admitting to the meeting at his Carousel Club with Tippit and Weissman, after all, Ruby was only asking for the name of the unnamed "rich oil man." Evidently, he knew Weissman and Tippit.
Uncharacteristically, Ruby responded defensively to Rankin's question about the 3 man meeting at Ruby's Carousel Club by stating that "I am the one that made such a big issue of Bernard Weissman's ad." Then Ruby testified, "Maybe you do things to cover up, if you are capable of doing it.," p. 203. A jury may have found this to be a slip by Ruby and more evidence that Ruby was "conscious of his guilt" (there was such a meeting). Then with more defensiveness, Ruby claims further patriotism because on Saturday 11-23-63 he went to the "Turf Bar and Lounge" and showed the owner, Bellocchio, the "Impeach Earl Warren" Polaroid pictures he had taken early that morning. Ruby testified that the "Impeach Earl Warren" billboard would hurt the City of Dallas that he so loved. He further testified that while talking to Bellocchio he said, "why did the newspaper take this ad of Weissman?" W/C Vol. V, p. 203-204.
Ruby never answered the question put to him by Rankin as to his knowledge of the meeting at his Carousel Club between him, Tippit, and Weissman. Then, Ruby, trying to make it look like he was not avoiding the subject matter of the question, corrected the spelling and pronunciation of Tippit's name. id.
Ruby was not civic minded or socially conscious. It didn't bother Ruby that Dallas, Texas' image could be tarnished, no more than he killed Oswald to spare Jackie Kennedy the distress of a trial. Ruby admitted that during his unscheduled September 9, 1965 Press Conference (see below "Jack Ruby's Unscheduled Press Conference - 9-9-65" ) that he didn't kill Oswald to spare Jackie further emotional distress. However, Ruby's attempt to cover-up the real reason for his activities on the Assassination weekend was feeble at best. Claiming the reason he took a picture of the "Impeach Earl Warren" Billboard on 11-23-63 at 4:00am. was because he felt it was bad for Dallas' image, as he testified he told a Bar Owner named Bellocchio, is pure Fabrication by Jack Ruby and fools no one.
The reason Ruby took a picture of that Billboard was to report it to his bosses who controlled the Jewish - Israeli end of the JFK Conspiracy, not to show that he was civic minded and worried about Dallas' image. That Billboard was of the same design and source as Bernard Weissman's "Welcome Mr. President Ad" and The Kennedy wanted for Treason Poster. That "Welcome Mr. President Ad" brought the JFK Assassination right back to Weissman, a Jew. Weissman shows up in Dallas Texas a couple of weeks before Kennedy is killed and these Anti-Kennedy promotions show up in Dallas. Was it a mistake by the "Dallas Morning News" that Weissman's name was added to the bottom of that Welcome Mr. President Ad? The Warren Commission never asked Weissman about the Billboard or the Kennedy Wanted for Treason poster. The Company that rents the Billboard would have had the name of person or organization paying for it, but the Warren Commission never asked the Billboard Company because the Warren Commission wanted to avoid evidence against Jewish Weissman.
Rankin then narrowed the question. Warren Commission Counsel, Rankin, asked Ruby, "This Weissman and the rich oil man, did you ever have a conversation with them?" Ruby is at his best "double talk" when he responds, "there was only a few. Bill Rudman from the YMCA, and I haven't seen him in years." There is Bill Howard but he is not a rich oil man. He owns the Stork Club now. He used to dabble in oil." W/C Vol. V, p. 204.
Earl Warren then tries to get an answer out of Ruby. Warren tells Ruby that the source of the Commission's knowledge of the Carousel Club meeting between Ruby, Tippit and Weissman was Marguerite Oswald's attorney, Mark Lane. Chairman Warren informed Ruby that Attorney Mark Lane refused to give the Commission the source of his information about the Carousel Club meeting, claiming it was confidential. Ruby responded with more "double talk" to avoid answering and giving Earl Warren any information about the meeting between him, Tippit, Weissman and the "rich oil man" and said, "Isn't that foolish? If a man is patriotic enough in the first place, who am I to be concerned if he wasn't an informer." id.
Mark Lane was a sore spot for Ruby because out of nowhere during his irrelevant testimony about the Fox brothers from Cuba, Ruby states Mark Lane was killed in New York. p. 205. Earl Warren corrected the record and stated that "Alfred" was killed in a New York taxicab. p. 206. Who was Alfred they don't say, but Mark Lane was alive and lived to see the 50th Anniversary of the Assassination and beyond. One of the original JFK Researchers, Attorney Mark Lane, died in 2017.
A casual observer would have thought that Ruby would have just responded "No" to having knowledge of the Carousel Club meeting, as he did about knowing Oswald, but for some reason Ruby answered evasively. However, Ruby's double talk "answers" made him look like he had something to hide and was trying to trick and wear out the Warren Commission with his evasive answers. The only revealing testimony that came from Ruby regarding the meeting at the Carousel Club was when Ruby asked Earl Warren "how many days prior to the assassination was that?" and Warren replied, ".... a week or two." See W/C Vol. V, p. 204.
Jack the Double Talker outsmarts himself - reveals reason for Carousel Club meeting of 11-14-63
Ruby responded, "Did anyone have any knowledge that their beloved President was going to visit here prior to that time, or what is the definite time that they knew he was coming to Dallas?" Nobody, Rankin or Warren, said that the Carousel Club meeting between Ruby, Weissman and Police Officer J.D. Tippit concerned the President coming to Dallas, Texas. However, Ruby's answer implies what nobody else knew and that the meeting at the Carousel Club was held to plan the Assassination of President Kennedy.
Earl Warren could not allow himself to see that Ruby was revealing as to why the meeting at the Carousel Club was held between Tippit, Weissman and Ruby and responded to Ruby's question of "did anyone know definite timing of Kennedy coming to Dallas" with a, "I just don't know" and finally, after that series of related questions about the meeting at the Carousel Club and Ruby's irrelevant answers used to avoid the subject, Warren gives up and states, "we will leave that matter as it is." But not before Ruby stated, "I am innocent regarding any conspiracy", id.; an inference could be drawn that Ruby was again disclosing information nobody else had and that was that the 3 man meeting at the Carousel Club involved conspiracy. Jack Ruby never gave a "yes" or "no" answer, nor a confirmation or denial, to the question about his knowledge of the meeting at his Carousel Club between him, Tippit, Weissman and the "rich oil man".
Did Ruby want to talk? As above, Ruby was begging to talk and make a deal with the Warren Commission, but he knew in Dallas he was a dead man, if he gave out the information he had on JFK's Assassination. By June of 1964, when he testified before the Warren Commission, he was already convicted of murdering Lee Harvey Oswald in a Texas Court and had himself an execution date. Jack Ruby had only one weapon left, and that was his knowledge of the Kennedy Assassination. By September of 1965 Ruby was desperate and was willing to implicate the new U.S. President, Lyndon Baines Johnson, in the Assassination of Kennedy.
At his Appeal Hearing on 9-9-65, Ruby became less elusive and through out some bait in the form of former Vice President LBJ. Ruby failed to get Earl Warren and his Commission interested in the Assassination information he had, so Ruby knew he had to give them something in order to get them interested in his knowledge of the Kennedy Assassination.
Jack Ruby's Unscheduled Press Conference - 9-9-65
At the September 9, 1965 Appeal hearing of his murder conviction for the murder of Oswald, and with his two lawyers seated next to him, Ruby had a chance to publicly talk to the Press, who were ready and waiting in that Texas courtroom. During that brief public exposure to the press, Ruby implicated the most powerful men in the U.S., including Lyndon Johnson, as the perpetrators of Kennedy's murder. Seated in the courtroom, Ruby told the press and all their TV cameras his motive for killing Oswald was not as he originally stated " to save Jackie Kennedy any more trouble" (no kidding). Ruby stated on TV, per this press interview in the Texas Courtroom, "The world will never know the true facts or what occurred, my motives, the people that had so much to gain, and had such an ulterior motive for putting me in the position I'm in, will never let the true facts come above board to the world".
When the interviewing TV reporter asked, "Are these people in very high positions, Jack? Ruby's answer was, "YES".
Then, Ruby refers to a correction he wants to make about a comment on the Vice President. His initial comments about the U.S. Vice President are not included on the 1965 TV interview that is now on You Tube, but he is quite clear, as below, that Lyndon Johnson was involved in Kennedy's assassination. And of course, all the massive evidence surrounding the Kennedy Assassination points to Lyndon Johnson being involved with Kennedy's Assassination, aka "a Co-Conspirator".
As Ruby was leaving that Texas courtroom escorted by Texas Rangers, the U.S. Press followed Ruby into the courthouse hallway and continued the interview.
Ruby stated in the courthouse hallway while walking with escort, "I want to correct what I said before about the Vice President."
The Reporter replied, - "The Vice President?"
Ruby, "When I mentioned about Adlei Stevenson, if he was the vice president there would never have been an assassination of our beloved President Kennedy"
The Reporter, "Would you explain, again?"
Ruby, "Well, the answer is the man in office now". (the "man in office" at 1965 was President Lyndon Johnson and Ruby gives LBJ credit for causing the JFK Assassination).
This little known TV interview of Ruby back in 1965 is on You Tube. The interview is still loaded with Ruby double talk, as Ruby is never direct. Part of the content of the interview (at a minimum the "initial comments about Adlei Stevenson") is obviously missing as you read the above, but Ruby refers to it. Who knows what else was censored? Although incomplete, there is plenty of continuity in "Ruby's Unscheduled Press Conference" to cause it to yield evidence by this important witness in the John Kennedy Assassination that he didn't kill Oswald because, as he had previously stated, "to save Jackie Kennedy any further trouble" and "because that man killed my President", "I'm a hero". As even a complete moron knew back in 1963, Ruby didn't kill Oswald because he was sympathetic towards Jackie Kennedy. Ruby is telling the world during that press interview of 9-9-65 that he has the answers they seek about John Kennedy's murder, including motive and who the people were in "high positions" that had "so much to gain" from Kennedy's death. And of course, he implicates the new U.S. President at 1965, Lyndon Baines Johnson in the Assassination of JfK.
Ruby wanted to tell more, but he did say in his usual "Jack Ruby parlance" that "People" in high places, who had so much to gain were responsible for what had occurred and will never let the World know the truth. And then on his next breath Ruby states the answer to the JFK Assassination is Lyndon Baines Johnson, or there would not have been an Assassination of Kennedy, if Johnson was not Vice President. What more is needed, Ruby squealed on Johnson.
The use of the word "People" by Ruby means a conspiracy killed Kennedy, if you didn't know already.
Jack Ruby was pleading that he was a participant in the Assassination of President John Kennedy per reading of his Warren Commission testimony and his disclosures via his "Unscheduled Press Conference of September 9, 1965". This is totally the opposite of the Warren Commission's findings on Jack Ruby; the Warren Commission flatly found that Ruby had nothing to do with Kennedy's murder and that Ruby shot Lee Harvey Oswald because Ruby had a "psycho attack" on 11-24-63. The Warren Commission deliberately lied; the Warren Commission was provided more than enough testimony by Ruby, via Ruby's W/C testimony, that he was a participant in the Conspiracy to murder Kennedy. After the W/C terminated, at Ruby's "Unscheduled Press Conference of 9-9-65", Ruby confirmed not only was he a Co-Conspirator in the JFK Assassination but that the new U.S. President was the leader. That is what the evidence had already shown, LBJ was a leader in the Assassination and Cover-up. No, LBJ didn't pull any triggers, he was much more important; LBJ was one of a group of the most powerful men in the U.S., who wanted President John Kennedy dead and ordered the JFK Assassination.
There you go, all you "Lone Nut" Advocates, you're star witness, Jack Ruby, confessed there was a Conspiracy to Murder Kennedy and wanted to give the details, also called evidence, but that was the last thing the Warren Commission and greater Government Authorities wanted. The Warren Commission, originally, didn't even want Ruby's testimony; Ruby was right were they wanted him on his way to the electric chair. The electric chair would have been a convenient method to cover-up that part of the JFK evidence that was Jack Ruby.
Post W/C Testimony - Jack Ruby Dead
Ruby would die on January 3, 1967 from cancer at Dallas Parkland Hospital. All before Ruby could get his New Trial that was granted on 10-5-66 by the Texas Court of Criminal Appeals on venue/publicity grounds preventing the original trial in Dallas to be Fair.
While Ruby was waiting in the Dallas jail for the Ruling by the Texas Court of Criminal Appeals to decide on his New Trial he was injected by a medical doctor from Chicago for a cold. According to Dallas Deputy Sheriff Al Maddox, Ruby claimed, "Well they injected me for a cold". Ruby further stated, "it was cancer cells." When Maddox replied, "You don't believe that bullshit". And Ruby exclaimed, "I sure do!"
Sheriff Maddox claims that Ruby then shook hands with him and slipped him a piece of paper; in the note Ruby wrote to Maddox that it was a "Conspiracy". Sheriff Maddox stated per 1996 interview, ("now on "You Tube", :55, "Interview with Guy who Jack Ruby passed a note to...",) that Ruby admitted the reason he killed Lee Harvey Oswald was to Silence Oswald." Not to save Jackie Kennedy from reliving the Assassination via a trial for Oswald.
According to the London Sunday Times, Ruby told psychiatrist, Werner Teuter that "the assassination was an act of overthrowing the government" and that he (Ruby) knew who had President Kennedy killed". Ruby added, "I am doomed. I do not want to die. But I am not insane. I was framed to kill Oswald."
Ruby and Lee Harvey Hung Together! Are all these witnesses lying as the Warren Commission claims?
The Warren Commission was absolute in its Decree that Lee Harvey Oswald and Jack Ruby did not know each other. Read below, are all these witnesses, most scared to death and afraid to donate any evidence surrounding the JFK Assassination, mistaken?
The Warren Commission will refuse to accept the evidence that Lee Harvey Oswald and Jack Ruby had known each other before JFK was Assassinated on 11-22-63. Here is a photo that was buried in Warren Commission documents of Lee Harvey Oswald in Ruby's Carousel Club. That version of Oswald was one the Many Faces of Lee Harvey Oswald and was not the same Oswald arrested on 11-22-63 for shooting Kennedy. That version of Lee Harvey Oswald taken in the Carousel Club more closely resembles a photo of Lee Harvey Oswald provided by his brother Robert Oswald. Both pictures show a much bigger and stronger man than the Oswald arrested by the Dallas Police on 11-22-63 for JFK's murder.
The Fabulous "Jada", a 1950's style stripper, who worked for Jack Ruby in his Carousel Club, stated per interview, she saw Lee Harvey Oswald in Ruby's Carousel Club two weeks before 11-22-63, See JFK Researcher, John Armstrong's, p. 10. "Jada" starred in the 1960's burlesque movie, "Naughty in Dallas". The United States was still run, in 1963, by descendants of the Puritans, who, with their culture, were responsible for building the U.S. to its greatness, since they fled the King of England in the 1600's. The Puritan Rule would end soon at 1963, and with it would be new laws that allowed real strippers, who would be popular in places like Boston's Combat Zone, due to the U.S. Supreme Court's ruling on pornography which made the nudity of exotic females First Amendment Rights under the U.S. Constitution's Bill of Rights. It was Hugh Hefner, who was arrested on about 1963 for his exposure of Jayne Mansfield in Playboy Magazine, that, in part, caused the U.S. Supreme Court to change U.S. culture and comply with the new "free love" of the hippies and American Sex Revolution legalizing totally Nude Reviews as featured at The Two O' Clock Lounge and Piccadilly Palace on Washington St., Boston starting in the late '60's. The cops vowed revenge and had the U.S. Congress make a new law, on about 1991, that made it "illegal to provide a means for distribution of Controlled Substances (street drugs)". Heffner could no longer allow drug pushers to contaminate his Centerfolds with their drugs at the Play Boy Mansion in fear of Prison, so Heffner got married and turned the Playboy Mansion into a family home.
Jada, (aka Janet "Jada" Conforto), died early on May 8, 1980 as a result of a motorcycle accident in Albuquerque, New Mexico. Some believe it was the HSCA searching for her to testify about the Kennedy Assassination and Ruby's relationship with Lee Harvey Oswald that got Jada killed. But the HSCA was over in 1979. Jada had long before ended her employment in the New Orleans stripper circuit with controller Carlos Marcello, who traded his stable with Ruby. Jada was buried in an unmarked crypt #12 in a Mausoleum in Park Lawn Cemetery in Metairie, Louisiana.
In November of 1963, Dan Rather of CBS TV interviewed a comedian, Bill Demars, who worked for Jack Ruby at his Carousel Club. Bill Demars (aka W. D. Crowe), during that filmed interview that is 50 years later on You Tube, stated that he saw Lee Harvey Oswald in the Carousel Club a few days before the Kennedy Assassination. Demars further stated that he did not see Ruby with Oswald that night, but realized Oswald's identity after seeing him on TV during the weekend of the Kennedy Assassination. . When the F.B.I. showed Demars a photograph of Lee Harvey Oswald, Demars told the F.B.I. that he recognized Oswald as a person in the audience of Ruby's Carousel Club in the week prior to the Assassination. Demars remembered Oswald per F.B.I. report because he was an audience participant in Demars' memory demonstration act. But he wasn't the only one, who had evidence Oswald and Ruby were associated.
Betty Dunagan was in the Carousel Club trying to purchase Ruby's other nightclub, the Vegas Club, from Ruby. Ruby declined to sell probably because he didn't really own those night clubs, he had co-owners who financed him. Ruby also owed a large U.S. income tax liability on the Vegas Club. During Dunagan's business meeting with Ruby at the Carousel Club she was waiting while Ruby spoke to 3 different men, one of the men, who wore a white V-neck sweater who she saw pass her under one of the bright lights in the Carousel Club. Per Affidavit of 12-2-63, Betty Dunagan realized after the JFK Assassination she witnessed Lee Harvey Oswald in the Carousel Club while she was talking to Ruby. According to the Affidavit it wasn't until after she saw the pictures of Oswald on the TV and newspaper, after the Assassination, that she realized that the man in Ruby's Carousel Club in the white V-neck sweater was the same man now arrested for JFK's Assassination.
But Jada, Bill Demars, and Betty Dunagan were not the only witnesses seeing Lee Harvey Oswald in the Carousel Club. Carousel Club emmcee, Wally Weston, Carousel Club stripper Kathy Coleman (aka Kathy Kay), Carousel Club stripper Karen Bennett Carlin (aka Little Lynn), Carousel Club hostess and "Champagne Girl"- Ester Ann Marsh, one of Ruby's attorney's-Carroll Jarnagin, former Carousel Club stripper-Rose Cheramie, all reported to various JFK Researchers, or the F.B.I., or Police that they had seen Lee Harvey Oswald in the Carousel Club in the weeks prior to John Kennedy being Assassinated. See JFK Researcher, John Armstrong's, summary page 9-14.
Clyde Limbaugh was another Ruby employee for three years. Limbaugh recalled seeing Oswald in Ruby's office on three occasions. JFK Researcher, John Armstrong's, p. 10.
Wally Weston, Carousel Club's master of ceremonies until five days before the JFK Assassination, told the "New York Daily News" that he got in a fight with Oswald when Oswald repeatedly accused Weston of being a communist. The Carousel Club drummer at the time, Bill Willis, advised Weston, "the best thing to do is to stay out of it and say nothing" about Oswald being in the Carousel Club to the press or investigators. Weston made no mention of Oswald when he was questioned, like most Carousel Club employees, after the Assassination. Bill Willis admitted to Weston that he saw Oswald in the Carousel and remembered the incident between Oswald and Weston at the Carousel Club.
Weston visited Ruby in jail after Ruby killed Oswald and mentioned to Ruby one time, "Jack, wasn't that the guy I hit in the club?" Ruby just looked at me and didn't say yes or no." Also see JFK Researcher, John Armstrong's, p.10.
Carousel Club star attraction, stripper Kath Kay (aka Kathy Coleman) told several Dallas newsmen that she saw Oswald in the Carousel Club before the Assassination and even danced with him on one occasion. Another Carousel Club stripper, Shari Angel (real name is Bobbie Louise Mesorole) told researcher Jim Marrs that she remembers laughing with Kathy Kay about the dancing incident with Oswald when Ruby told Kay to dance with Oswald and do a flamboyant bump-and-grind to embarrass Oswald. See JFK Research by John Armstrong, p. 10.
According to an F.B.I. report taken by agents Jesus Homero and John Erwin at Casselberry, Florida on 9-3-76 (that's right 13 years later) of an interview of Wally Weston, the former Carousel Club emcee/comedian, Carousel Club stripper - Kathy Coleman was present at a Carousel Club meeting three weeks after the JFK Assassination. Weston said that during this meeting he was talking to Kathy Coleman in the presence of Billy Willis (a drummer at the Carousel Club), about Jack Ruby shooting Lee Harvey Oswald. During this conversation it was discussed, Weston reported, that Kathy Kay had danced with the man who shot John Kennedy about a month before the Assassination. That dancing between Oswald and Coleman (Kathy Kay) was about a week before Weston slugged a customer who called Weston a Communist, while Weston was working on stage at the Carousel Club. Kathy Kay remarked, during this same meeting, that it was the same man (danced with Kathy Kay and Weston slugged because he called him a Communist) that shot President Kennedy. See Ian Griggs "Search for a Stripper", 1998, p. 30. This Web Site was, so far, unable to locate F.B.I. Homero and Erwin's report from Weston and relies on Griggs citation on page 30 of his article above.
Carousel Club stripper "Little Lynn" (aka Karen Lynn Bennett, aka Karen Bennett Carlin etc.) told Secret Service Agent Roger Warner on 11-24-63 that "she was under the impression that Lee Oswald, Jack Ruby, and other individuals unknown to her were involved in the plot to Assassinate President Kennedy." Karen "Little Lynn" Carlin also told Secret Service Agent, Roger C. Warner, that she remembered seeing Lee Harvey Oswald in Jack Ruby's Carousel Club before the JFK Assassination. "Little Lynn" testified at Ruby's trial for the murder of Lee Harvey Oswald and never hinted at such evidence, nor did she make such revelations during her Warren Commission testimony. Karen "Little Lynn" Bennett Carlin was clear to SS Agent Warner that she feared retaliation (killed) about this information she had given him about Oswald being in Ruby's Carousel Club. Who were the other individuals known to her that were involved in Kennedy's Assassination? Did Ruby's stripper, "Little Lynn" actually reveal who else was involved with Ruby and Oswald to kill JFK? It is hard to believe that the F.B.I. and Secret Service didn't ask her who she was referring to after she said she knew "others" besides Ruby and Oswald were "participants" in JFK's Assassination! But then again, the entire Government investigation of the JFK Assassination is unbelievable, and the reason the Government and its agents did such an unbelievably poor job of investigating JFK's Assassination is that they were investigating the planned murder of JFK by their bosses, the most powerful men in the U.S., including Allen Dulles and the new President Lyndon Baines Johnson. See also, JFK Researcher, John Armstrong's, p.10.
Jack Ruby's former Carousel Club stripper, "Little Lynn" was never heard of again after her Warren Commission testimony of August of 1964. After the JFK Assassination "Little Lynn" Bennett Carlin used the name Theresa Norton and was visibly pregnant per her pictures when she testified in March of 1964 at Jack Ruby's trial in Dallas for the murder of Lee Harvey Oswald. There were numerous reports of her death including Sylvia Meagher's "Accessories After the Fact" which reports "Little Lynn" was found shot dead in a Dallas motel room in August of 1964. Texas newsman and the original JFK Assassination Researcher, Penn Jones, reported that "Little Lynn" died in Houston in 1965.
Carousel Club stripper, Marilyn Moon Walle (aka Delilah, aka Marily Magyar) died on 9-1-66 due to her husband, of 1 month, emptying several rounds from a .38 into her. Marily Moon Walle planned to write a book about the JFK Assassination featuring information she had garnered while working at the Carousel Club. She reported that Lee Harvey Oswald was a regular at the Carousel Club.
Rose Cheramie was picked up by the police in Texas after being thrown out of a car driven by two Cubans she reported to Louisiana State Police Lt. Francis Fruge were going to kill Kennedy. Cheramie also had worked for Ruby at the Carousel Club as a stripper. After the Assassination Fruge called D.P.D. Captain Fritz about the foreknowledge Chermie had pertaining to Kennedy's Assassination; Capt. Fritz responded that "Assassin is dead, not interested." Rose Cheramie disclosed to Officer Fruge that she thought Ruby ("pinky") and Oswald were lovers. Cheramie was dead on 9-4-65 after being shot in the head and then run over on a Texas Highway where her dead body had been disposed of. See JFK Researcher, John Armstrong's, p.13-14. See more below in Section "IV. Evidence - Cross Fire in Dealey Plaza" on Rose Cheramie.
Dorothy Marcum, Jack Ruby's girlfriend, was certain that Ruby knew Oswald because she reported that Oswald worked for Ruby during June - July of 1963. See JFK Researcher, John Armstrong's, p.9.
Carousel Club customers and Ruby associates saw, and in some cases spoke, to Lee Harvey Oswald. Robert Price and Dolores Price saw Ruby and Oswald at the Escapades Lounge in Houston on April 11, 1963. George Faraldo, an airport manager at Key West, Florida claimed to film Ruby and Oswald with a group of people boarding a plane for Cuba; HSCA investigator, Gaeton Fonzi was unable to locate Faraldo's film. Vern Davis, who had known Ruby for 10 years, saw and talked to Ruby and Oswald at Ruby's bar on Exposition Street in Dallas. Frances Irene Hines saw Ruby call a man named "Ozzie" who Hines identified as Lee Harvey Oswald. See JFK Researcher, John Armstrong's, p.9
W. W. Litchfield a professional bowler and customer at the Carousel Club said Oswald was in the Carousel Club on 11-5-63 and 11-7 thru 11-63 & 12-63 or 11-14-63. Litchfield knew Jack Ruby since 1961 and went to the Dallas Police after Ruby shot Oswald to disclose his observations of seeing Lee Harvey in the Carousel talking to Ruby 5 weeks before the Assassination. According to his W/C testimony Vol. XIV p. 95-109, Litchfield positively identified Oswald as the man he saw in the Carousel Club. However, Litchfield also disclosed per his W/C testimony that the F.B.I. and Dallas police tried to convince Litchfield that he was wrong about Oswald knowing Ruby and him seeing Lee Harvey Oswald in the Carousel Club before the JFK Assassination. Litchfield testified to the Warren Commission that the two F.B.I. agents threatened him with a crime if he was wrong about his identification of Oswald being in the Carousel Club and talking to Ruby.
In desperation, after Litchfield continued to confirm, via his Warren Commission testimony, that he saw Lee Harvey Oswald in the Carousel Club, W/C Counsel Hubert asked Litchfield if the man in Warren Commission Armstrong Exhibit 5302 was the Lee Harvey Oswald he saw in the Carousel Club? Litchfield answered, "no, that man in Ex. 5302 is not Oswald." Hubert did not have the common courtesy to disclose on the record that Armstrong Exhibit 5302 was Eddie Rocco a friend of Ruby's and not Oswald. In other words, no matter what trick the Authorities tried, including the F.B.I. threatening him with a crime, or, the F.B.I. and W/C trying to convince him he was wrong, or suggestion with Rocco's picture, Litchfield confirmed over and over that he saw Lee Harvey Oswald in the Carousel Club.
Ruby's Car Mechanics knew Oswald drove Ruby's Car
Not only was Lee Harvey Oswald seen at Jack Ruby's Carousel Club, but another source of witnesses linking Ruby and Oswald was Ruby's car. Many witnesses reported that they had either seen Oswald driving Ruby's car or dropping it off, or picking it up at auto repair garages. Auto mechanic Robert Roy reported that Lee Harvey Oswald had delivered Jack Ruby's Oldsmobile for repairs to his shop on several occasions and that he, Roy, gave Oswald a ride back to the Carousel Club. Roy wasn't the only auto mechanic to see Lee Harvey Oswald driving Jack Ruby's car. D.P.D. Detective, S.W. Biggio, signed a police report on December 11, 1963 that his source said mechanic William J. Chesher saw Oswald driving driving Ruby's Oldsmobile for two months and had brought it to him (Chesher) for repairs; when D.P.D. Officers followed up, on April 2, 1964, on Chesher's Oswald citing they found that Chesher had died on March 31, 1964 from a heart attack. People have been so easy to dismiss the numerous JFK Assassination witnesses' deaths by heart attack as "must be just natural causes." However, by that time Cyanide Gas was a favorite of Assassins in the U.S.A.. Cyanide Gas causes a quick heart attack to its victim and is not traceable in the corpse within a few hours. Silent, Deadly (cyanide causes a heat attack in humans and any animal that inhales oxygen), efficient, not traceable; every Government and Organized Crime Assassin can appreciate those characteristics of Cyanide Gas; cyanide is a murder weapon that produces and leaves no evidence. See JFK Researcher, John Armstrong's, p.9.
Maybe, with all these witnesses seeing Oswald driving Ruby's car that is why the Warren Commission declared Lee Harvey Oswald did not drive and had no driver's license. But according to the Texas Department of Public Safety, Oswald had a driver's license which they, after 11-22-63, tried to conceal. New Orleans District Attorney Jim Garrison's Office interviewed Texas Department of Public Safety employee, Aletha Frair, who saw Lee Harvey Oswald's Texas Driver's License records removed after he was killed. Garrison's Office was unsuccessful in getting that record of Oswald's Texas Driver's License. See more on Lee Harvey and his Driving a Car in Section "XVIII. The Many Faces of Lee Harvey and his spy trade" below.
A real independent in the mix of witnesses, who saw Ruby and Oswald together is John Merrick. John Merrick, ran into Jack Ruby, while Ruby was handing out Carousel Club cards in the health club where Merrick was working. John Merrick is, per the Dallas P.D. report, portrayed as a typical witness concerning his observations of Ruby being with Oswald because the D.P.D. claims he said he is "not positive" about seeing Oswald. So many of the witnesses to the JFK Assassination, according to F.B.I., D.P.D. and other Government reports, are never really "positive" when the evidence disfavors the Government's "Lone Crazed Gunman Decree". Why would a citizen witness bother reporting to the D.P.D. or an F.B.I. agent that he saw Jack Ruby and Lee Harvey Oswald together before the assassination unless the witness was "Positive"? Could the reason be that so many of the JFK Assassination witnesses were discouraged and threatened by the Police because their observations were contrary to the Official Decree of Authority that Oswald acted alone. And if that didn't work witnesses were murdered and that served to keep the others silent.
Maybe a witness would not have been "positive" about Lee Harvey Oswald's identification because Oswald had too many Faces. The Authorities could easily cause doubt in the mind of any witness once they were showed the Many Faces of Lee Harvey Oswald.
The Dallas Police Dept. had information that Ruby and Lee Harvey Oswald knew each other. Ruby had rented an apartment for Oswald in Oak Cliff.
Did the Warren Commission or HSCA or ARRB make use of this evidence? Hell, No! The last thing those Government JFK Assassination Investigative Authorities wanted was evidence from all those citizen witnesses that proved Oswald and Ruby knew each other and were associated in the months before the Assassination in Dealey Plaza. Ruby and Oswald would make a Conspiracy! Most of the witnesses, above, who saw Ruby and Oswald together or saw Oswald in the Carousel Club or Oswald driving Ruby's car were never called to testify by the Warren Commission or its successor Investigations by the U.S. Government or were killed or learned to shut up and such testimony was never disclosed.
Are all these unrelated citizen's lying about Jack Ruby and Lee Harvey Oswald knowing each other and Oswald being in the Carousel Club on many occasions? Many of these witnesses, who had no reason to lie and were doing what they thought was donating evidence to the JFK Assassination investigation, ended up being threatened and some killed because of their knowledge of evidence surrounding the Kennedy Assassination. Some would state they said nothing in 1963 because of fear of death.
Lee Harvey in 2 Places at the Same Time - Lee Harvey is the "Double Man"
Head waitress at a Dallas B & B Restaurant, Mary Lawrence, reported to the F.B.I. that she had known Jack Ruby for 8 years. Mary Lawrence told the F.B.I. she saw Ruby and Oswald together in the restaurant shortly after 1:00am. on November 23, 1963, when Oswald was, according to the JFK Assassination Saga, in the Dallas jail for shooting Kennedy. Yes, Oswald had become a "Double Man" in 1963. That's right she saw Oswald on the Twenty Third of November, a day after the JFK Assassination.
Here's an incident that causes evidence that Ruby and Oswald knew each other before 11-22-63 and that Lee Harvey Oswald was a "Double Man". At 9:00pm. on November 21, 1963, there was a knock on an Oak Cliff apartment front door. Helen McIntosh, a guest in the apartment, answered the door. A man, later identified by McIntosh, as Lee Harvey Oswald asked her, if Jack Ruby was in. McIntosh asked her friend, the tenant in the apartment, if she knew Jack Ruby; her friend, the apartment tenant, instructed that Jack Ruby lived in the apartment next door, and McIntosh relayed the information to Oswald at the apartment door. McIntosh forgot the incident until she saw the same man, who knocked on the door looking for Ruby, on TV, and was identified as Lee Harvey Oswald the JFK Assassin. According to Warren Commission testimonies of Mrs. Paine and Mariana Oswald, Lee Harvey Oswald was in Irving, Texas at Ruth Paine's house before 9:00pm. and slept there that night of 11-21-63. Leslie Buell Frazier, who lived across the street from Ruth Paine gave Lee Harvey Oswald a ride to work the next morning to the TSBD for work at 7:30am.. See JFK Researcher, John Armstrong's, p.12.
JFK Researcher, John Armstrong, also did a compilation of Concealed Evidence concerning Lee Harvey Oswald in the months before and up until 11-22-63. Starting on page 5 Armstrong shows that both the F.B.I. and Warren Commission had ample evidence that Lee Harvey Oswald was in two places at the same time. The Warren Commission and their investigators, the F.B.I., had no intention of attempting to explain how Lee Harvey Oswald was the "Double Man", so they simple avoided and concealed the evidence.
The Warren Commission and F.B.I. determined that Lee Harvey Oswald was in New Orleans until September 25, 1963 and Mexico City until October 3, 1963. Neither the F.B.I. or Warren Commission could explain the testimony of witnesses who placed Oswald in Dallas and Irving, Texas when he was supposed to be in New Orleans. A barber and also a City Counsel in Irving, Texas, Cliff Sahsteen, testified he cut Oswald's hair every other week beginning in late summer of 1963. Dallas store owner, Leonard Hutchinson, said Oswald visited his market during August and September of 1963. Dallas residents and Cuban Aristocrat refugees, Silvia Odio and her sister Annie, reported a visit from "Leon Oswald."on 9-27-63. See Armstrong p. 6-7.
The F.B.I. and Warren Commission claimed that Lee Harvey Oswald returned to Dallas, Texas on October 3, 1963. During this time (Oct. 3 - 11-22-63) Oswald lived in the Oak Cliff section of Dallas and Marina lived with Mrs. Ruth Paine in her house in Irving, Texas. But the F.B.I. had reports of Oswald with wife and child spending a night in Alice, Texas which is about 400 miles away; Marina and Ruth Paine said Oswald spent the evening and night at the Paine house in Irving on October 4, 1963. On October 5, 1963 Oswald visited radio station KIPY in Alice, Texas, filled out an employment application and spoke with Laymon Stewart and Robert Janca. See Armstrong p. 6.
Oswald had perfect attendance at the TSBD starting in mid-October of 1963, but the F.B.I. had a report from Harry Spencer that he interviewed Oswald for a job at his Heating and Air Conditioning company in the middle of the afternoon in late October 1963. Corrine Villard, who knew Jack Ruby since 1947, spoke to Ruby for a half and hour on November 14, 1963 when Ruby and Oswald visited the New Port Motel in Morgan City, Louisiana. See Armstrong p. 7.
Oswald worked at the TSBD starting October 15, 1963 and as above had perfect work attendance. Three weeks before the JFK Assassination Oswald was seen by an F.B.I. informant, Gene Davis, with David Ferrie, and three unidentified men in an apartment above the Court of Two Sisters restaurant in New Orleans. Also on October 31, 1963 Oswald was seen at the Sports Drome Rifle Range target shooting with a rifle. On October 31, 1963 Oswald applied for a job at the Statler Hilton Hotel in downtown Dallas. On November 1, 1963 Oswald purchased ammunition at Morgan's Gun Shop and on November 4, 1963 Oswald visited a gun shop to have a scope mounted on his rifle. A week before the JFK Assassination Oswald was at the Downtown Lincoln Mercury and gave his name to a salesman; Oswald test drove a new car taking the future JFK motorcade route through Dealey Plaza and stated he would be coming into some cash in the near future to buy the car. And to make all these events stranger, witnesses reported he was driving a car at the Sports Dome Rifle Range, Morgan Gun Shop and of course the Lincoln Mercury Dealer. Many JFK Researchers like Jack Armstrong who accumulated these Oswald reports see this as evidence Lee Harvey Oswald was being set up by a double to create a "legend" of a man preparing to kill Kennedy. See Armstrong p. 7.
The Warren Commission, via TSBD Boss - Roy Truly, determined that Oswald worked a full day at the TSBD on Wednesday, 11-20-63. However, Lee Harvey Oswald was seen by Dobbs House Restaurant employees at 10:00am. on that same Wednesday, 11-20-63. Citizen, Ralph Yates reported to the F.B.I. that on Wednesday 11-21-63 he picked up Lee Harvey Oswald hitchhiking on Beckley St. and drove him to the TSBD; Yates reported to the F.B.I. that Oswald had a 4' long package wrapped in brown paper which Oswald said contained curtain rods. The F.B.I. suppressed their interview and polygraph of Yates. Instead, they claimed Oswald brought a brown paper wrapped packaged rifle, allegedly containing curtain rods, to the TSBD on Friday, 11-22-63, while getting a ride to work from Wesley Frazier. See Armstrong p. 8.
The F.B.I. and Warren Commission had determined due to the testimony of many witnesses, including the TSBD boss, Roy Truly, that Lee Harvey was at work at 7:30am on that Assassination Day of 11-22-63. However, Lee Oswald was reported seen by two witnesses, the owner and assistant, at Top Ten Record Store in Oak Cliff at 7:30am.. Dallas news reporter, Earle Golz confirmed the story in his interview with Top Ten Record Stop owner, Dub Stark and further confirmed with employee Louis Cortinas. Fred Moore reported to the F.B.I. that Lee Harvey Oswald entered the Jiffy Store on Industrial Blvd. at 8:30am. on Friday the 22cnd of November, 1963 and bought two beers; Oswald produced a Texas drivers license with the name Lee Harvey Oswald for identification to this store clerk. Moore told the F.B.I. that Oswald returned a half an hour later and bought another beer and two pieces of Pico Brittle. See Armstrong p. 8.
Oswald's U.S. Federal taxes caused more trouble for the Government Investigators of the JFK Assassination. When Marian Oswald applied for Social Security death benefits, Lee Harvey Oswald's lifetime earnings were listed as $3,306.85. That amount to the penny is what Oswald made after returning to the U.S. from the Soviet Union in June of 1962 until he died on November 24, 1963. However, Social Security death benefits are calculated based on all earnings during the deceased's lifetime and in Oswald's case the Social Security Administration did not include any earnings by Lee Harvey Oswald earned before going into the U.S. Marine Corp. in 1956. But why? Lee Harvey Oswald worked at Pfisterer Dental Lab in New Orleans starting in 1956 and until 1958 according to his co-workers Palmer McBride, who was with him every day for 9 months, and also confirmed by his friends William Wullf or Linda Faircloth, who would become Pfisterer President. How could the Government explain this since Lee Harvey Oswald was in Japan with the U.S. Marine Corp. in 1958? The F.B.I., created brand new, in 1964, W-2 forms representing Oswald's earnings at Pfisterer's Dental Lab up until he went into the U.S. Marines in 1956. The reason the JFK researchers knew the W-2 forms representing Oswald's earnings at Pfisterers were fake is because they had IRS Federal Tax ID numbers that were not issued until 1964. See Armstrong p. 12.
Marguerite Oswald testified that her son, Lee Harvey Oswald, left for the U.S. Marines while dropping out of high school in Texas; there was nothing about working at Pfisterer's Dental Lab.
See below, Section XIII - "Hunt for two J.D. Tippit Murder Suspects Covered-Up by the Dallas Police - the "Oswald Theater Balcony Arrest" and "Philadelphia jacket" for more evidence that Lee Harvey Oswald is the "Double Man" & Also See Section XVIII. "The Many Faces of Lee Harvey and his spy trade."
SUMMARY - Jack and Lee
There were many different men labeled with the name Lee Harvey Oswald by the masterminds of the Kennedy Assassination Conspiracy to create false evidence that a "Lone Crazed Gunman", who was a Communist and Defector to the U.S.S.R., shot Kennedy.
The version of Lee Harvey Oswald who was arrested for the murder of JFK and murdered by Jack Ruby was being handled by the JFK Assassination Co-conspirators in order to create his "legend" (Pro-Castro Communist) and in the process this version of Lee Harvey Oswald knew too much truth about the JFK Assassination and Ruby. Oswald knew Ruby and had the evidence that would disclose that Israel and Lansky's Jew Gangsters used Ruby as a street manager in the JFK Assassination. That version of Lee Harvey Oswald created by his handlers was evidence that had to be killed. Oswald's murder was a crucial part of JFK Assassination Cover-up.
The real Lee Harvey Oswald died in the Soviet Union when he was captured by the Soviets for being an American Spy who faked a defection. Who this guy was that was used by the Kennedy Assassination Conspirators to be a Communist named Lee Harvey Oswald and falsely charged with murdering JFK, nobody knows.
The evidence shows that Jack Ruby was part of Organized Crime in Dallas, and Chicago. The Warren Commission had to disavow that evidence because Organized Crime could not be implicated or their "Lone Crazed Gunman Decree" would be defeated.
The evidence shows that Jack Ruby was a pivot man in the Dealey Plaza murder of John Kennedy on 11-22-63 (read this entire article for all the evidence that Ruby was a street level manager of the JFK Murder Conspiracy). Why did Ruby murder Lee Harvey Oswald in front of 75 cops live on 3 TV Networks on Sunday morning of 11-24-63 in the basement of the Dallas Police Station? Ruby gives the answer during his Warren Commission testimony (W/C Vol. V ). Ruby reveals that he was worried that Jews would be killed because so many people believed that he, Ruby, was involved in murdering Kennedy. During his Warren Commission testimony Ruby reveals the reason Ruby feared Jews would be killed was not just because Ruby was a Jew, but because he was afraid the U.S. citizenry would learn that Jews, both the Jews' U.S. Organized Crime Syndicate and the Israelis' Mossad, were participants in the Conspiracy to murder Kennedy; Ruby feared that there would be retaliation against the Jews for their murder of JFK.
Ruby didn't kill Oswald on live TV because he was afraid Oswald would squeal on him and fellow Gangsters for their participation in the JFK Assassination. What would have been the point or gain? Ruby's murder of Oswald guaranteed a murder conviction and the electric chair. If Ruby's gangster friends attempted to frame or threaten Ruby to kill Oswald, so Oswald could not squeal on them, then Ruby could at least have a fighting chance; he could have run or defended himself against gangsters. Against Criminal accusations by Oswald concerning JFK's Assassination, Ruby could claim he had nothing to do with the Kennedy Assassination and that Oswald was a "nut" and should not be believed.
The reason Jack Ruby murdered Oswald in front of TV cameras was that Ruby was afraid that his precious race of Jews would suffer due to their participation in Kennedy's murder. Ruby was afraid that the American's, who were still unified at 1963 as one people, would learn that the Jews (Jewish U.S. Crime Syndicate and the Israelis) were all organized to the exploitation of the rest of Society and willing to murder Kennedy to get what they wanted.
Ruby had to kill Oswald because Oswald knew too much about Ruby and the Kennedy Assassination. Oswald knew Ruby and his business, and was seen many times with Jack Ruby in the few months prior to Kennedy being Assassinated. The Jews that conspired to kill Kennedy were very clever and only had one traceable link to the Assassination and that was Jack Ruby. Ruby was a street manager of the Dealey Plaza Assassination. Tippit was already dead and nobody else knew Bernard W. Weissman was a participant in the Kennedy Assassination except Ruby. Ruby not only got framed by the Jews because he believed Oswald would tell the World that Ruby was the link to the Jewish end of the Kennedy Conspiracy (the Subversive International Crime Syndicate bent on overthrow of the U.S. Government) but Ruby was double -crossed believing he would get out of jail in quick time because he had promises from the Authorities that were not only able to murder presidents, but ran the U.S. Justice System (the Courts). Ruby was looking to get out of prison in quick time after pleading Insanity to the Oswald Murder, but that backfired.
Who or what Organization would have wanted Ruby to kill Oswald? All participants of the Kennedy Murder Conspiracy is the answer. The plan of Assassination was that the first bullet would kill Kennedy making it easy for the World to believe in the "Lone Crazed Gunman Decree". The first bullet missed and JFK was fired at by at least 6 rifle shots from at least 2 different locations (front and rear). Oswald needed to be dead, so he could not tell the World the truth about what he knew concerning Ruby's activities before the Assassination. Oswald would have also revealed what his real function and activities were before the JFK Assassination. That version of Lee Harvey Oswald who was arrested on 11-22-63 by the Dallas Police would have revealed who he was because the real Lee Harvey Oswald was a U.S. spy and Fake Defector and long dead in the U.S.S.R.
James Garrison knew that version of Lee Harvey Oswald's real function and who he really was. New Orleans District Attorney, Garrison, disclosed, per the Dallas Morning News 12-27-1967, that Lee Harvey Oswald was a C.I.A. agent who tipped off the F.B.I. that Kennedy would be Assassinated. That last version of Lee Harvey Oswald, who was arrested by the Dallas Police for Assassinating JFK and was killed by Jack Ruby, also worked for the F.B.I.. That version of Lee Harvey Oswald was a double agent working for both the C.I.A. and F.B.I.. D.A. Garrison put Clay Shaw on trial for conspiracy to murder JFK; Shaw was the only person put on trial for murdering Kennedy and Shaw was found not guilty in 1969.
Some theorize that the JFK Assassination Co-conspirators planned to kill Lee Harvey Oswald in the TSBD, or when he was captured in the Texas Theater for the murder of Dallas Police Officer J.D. Tippit. Oswald wasn't were they wanted him in the TSBD when the Dallas Cops entered the TSBD.
The biggest beneficiary to Ruby's murder of Oswald was the Jews. Ruby was the link to the Jews, who wanted Kennedy dead. The Israeli's and their Mossad worked through Meyer Lansky's U.S. Organized Crime Syndicate and Jack Ruby was their operative in the JFK Assassination. Meyer Lansky and Jew Gangsters involved in the Kennedy Assassination always kept an invisible profile, while Bobby Kennedy had a war against the Italian Mafia that was highly publicized for years prior to 11-22-63. Whether it was the McClellan or Kefauver Congressional Hearings into Organized Crime the Jews went unscathed. Maybe, Lansky did have the goods of the F.B.I.'s J. Edgar Hoover, but why did that stop the U.S. Congress way back in 1952 and 1963 when the Anglo still ran the U.S.A.? The Jews weren't that secretive.
Ruby killed Oswald to protect the Jewish interests in the JFK Assassination. The Jews did walk away from their participation in the JFK Assassination unscathed, once Ruby was murdered by a Chicago physician in the Dallas jail with injections of carcinogens that caused him death by cancer, then there was no link to the Jews. But even better for the Jews, they knew President Johnson and long list of important Americans were in on the Kennedy Assassination and the Jews used their knowledge of Johnson's participation in the Kennedy Assassination to frame President Lyndon Johnson, who Jews then controlled after the JFK Assassination. That part of the Kennedy Assassination Cover-up that included the murder of both Oswald and Ruby allowed no ties to the Jewish end of the JFK murder Conspiracy and the Jews took a giant leap in 1963 to control of the U.S. Government.
Who crusaded the passage of Kennedy's Bill that would be the U.S. 1964 Civil Rights Act? It was none other than the hard core Lyndon Baines Johnson, President of the United States. Johnson had no use for the Negro, he would have preferred to have given them a horse whippin' rather than equal toilet privileges. Johnson was a Texan and a product of Confederate culture, he bullied other southerners in the U.S. Congress to support his "pet project" the 1964 Civil Rights Act. But why?
The answer is the Jews. The 1964 Civil Rights Act was a major step in the Jews' U.S. Social Design Policy aimed at the Divide and Conquer of the Americans. The Jews had fellow JFK murder Conspirator, President Lyndon Baines Johnson, right where they wanted him. If he didn't do what they wanted, he might have gotten himself executed as a Co-conspirator in JFK's murder and gone down as the worst traitor and Criminal in U.S. history. Make no mistake, Johnson was one of the many, as the evidence shows above in section "II Motivation...", that had to get rid of Kennedy, and that he did. Johnson's performance surrounding the attack on the U.S.S. Liberty and the slaughter of its U.S. sailors by the Israelis in 1967 is also unexplainable, except that President Johnson was under the thumb of the Jews. Johnson also further made the Jews happy by appointing Jew, Abe Fortas, to the Supreme Court of the United States in 1965. Fortas resigned in 1969 when he was caught taking pay-offs. Lyndon Baines declined to run for another term as U.S. President in 1968 and finished his presidency in January of 1969. The U.S. Organized Crime Syndicate backed candidate, Richard Nixon, who won the U.S. Presidential Election in November of 1968. Johnson died in January of 1973.
Bernard W. Weissman
They yell and scream there is no proof that Bernard Weissman was involved in the JFK Assassination. Everything that doesn't favor the Government's "Lone Crazed Assassin Decree" or Jewish Interests is a "Coincidence".
The Evidence of Weissman being involved in the JFK Assassination is circumstantial and inculpatory; you won't get an Admission of Guilt from Weissman. Bernard Weissman claims he was broke when he came from New York to Dallas on 11-4-63 and was immediately provided a furnished apartment. Weissman testified that he went to Dallas to take over the Conservative Political Organizations using his new CUSA Organization that was so obviously phony that even the Warren Commission declared CUSA did not exist. Causing more conflict with his cover, Weissman testifies he didn't like the Conservative Political Organizations because they were Anti- Jew; its unlikely that Weissman would have joined those "Conservative Political Organizations" nor would he have been allowed to make any inroads or even join. The few fellow members that Weissman claim belonged to CUSA and allegedly invited him to Dallas and worked with him for a few short days in Dallas do not exist. While Weissman was in Dallas, Weissman had another cover working as a carpet salesman for about two weeks, but he made no money at that cover job. As soon as Weissman shows up in Dallas Anti - Kennedy posters, a newspaper Ad, and a Billboard, all of the same design, show up in Dallas, just in the days before Kennedy is killed. The Anti-Kennedy newspaper Ad has Weissman's name on it. On 10-14-63 Weissman is reported by three different reporters to have been at a meeting in Ruby's Carousel Club with D.P.D. J. D. Tippit and Jack Ruby. Tippit was shot dead on 11-22-63 about 30 minutes after JFK was Assassinated. Lee Harvey Oswald is arrested for Tippit's murder which arrest results in Oswald being murdered by Weissman's buddy Jack Ruby. From the testimonies of many witnesses, Oswald had been in the Carousel Club and had knew Jack Ruby. Jack Ruby knew both J.D. Tippit and Bernard Weissman before 11-22-63, according to witnesses, in addition to the Carousel Club meeting of 11-14-63. When Kennedy and Oswald were both dead, Weissman flees Dallas Texas back to his home in New York.
The only reason Bernard Weissman was in Dallas, Texas for 2 1/2 weeks was to make sure the JFK Assassination was being managed properly. Strange how J. D. Tippit ended up dead and was reported to have been in the Carousel Club with Ruby and Weissman. Who even knew this guy Weissman was in Dallas Texas? Why of all people was he named as being at that meeting at Ruby's Carousel Club on 11-14-63 with Ruby and Dallas P. D. Tippit? That was not a mistake, Weissman just relocated to Dallas 10 days before that Carousel Club meeting. Weissman was an unkown in Dallas, yet he was identified as being in the Carousel Club and having met with Dallas P.D. Tippit and Jack Ruby in the Carousel Club.
Even the F.B.I. turned up evidence without trying; the F.B.I. learned from Weissman's employer that he was worried about somebody looking for him after the Assassination weekend and he appeared to be in enough fear that he warned he "had a lot of Money and Power behind him". Whoever could this Power and Money be? Weissman was working as a carpet salesman after he arrived in Dallas on 11-4-63, as he claimed he was broke. CUSA was a fabrication, or at best a few weeks in existence, and then dead by 11-22-63. The answer to his exclamation of "Power and Money" backing him is the Jews. Otherwise, the F.B.I. had a "hands off" policy on Weissman.
The evidence shows Weissman was a very important privileged Jew, who participated in the Conspiracy to Murder Kennedy. Weissman didn't come from Lansky's Jew Controlled U.S. Crime Syndicate, he represented the other side of the Jews' interests in murdering Kennedy. Weissman was an upper level (didn't get his hand dirty) JFK Assassination Manager for the Israelis and the growing quasi-legal Jewish Business Influence Peddlers in the U.S. at 1963. No, not all the Jews in the U.S. were gangsters, like Lansky, and his U.S. Organized Crime Syndicate; but that other end of the Jew Spectrum in the U.S. follows the same strategy and tactics they used for centuries before in Europe. Those tactics, Jews organizing to monopolize and control Government, Society, and economies through gaining illegal advantage, exploitation, rigging free markets, influence peddling the lackey dog Government Employees and police, and the all important funding of political campaigns to put elected law makers in their pocket. The Jews work together, secretly, while first doing business and profiting their fellow Jew, hiring and promoting their fellow Jew to the exclusion of the rest of Society. And it is worse read Social Evolution U.S.A..
With all the evidence surrounding Weissman and pointing to him being a manager in the Conspiracy to Murder Kennedy, not only did the Warren Commission fail to ask him meaningful questions when they had no choice but to subpoena Weissman, but the other 2 Government JFK Assassination Authorities, ( H.S.C.A., ARRB), avoided him and proceeded like Weissman didn't exist. Any casual observer, after reviewing the evidence of Bernard Weissman and the JFK Assassination would be anxious for someone, one of the 3 Government Assassination Authorities, to at least attempt to find out Weissman's part in the JFK Assassination. 2 of those 3 Authorities ignored Weissman and the Warren Commission treated him with kid gloves, but in the process too much was turned up on Weissman by the F.B.I., and a couple of reporters, Waldo and Dorothy Kilgallen, and one JFK Researcher, Mark Lane.
What is even stranger, is that the JFK Researchers take a "hands off" regarding Weissman. How is this possible? At 2013, there have been over 1500 books published about Kennedy's Assassination and the Internet is loaded with Web Sites and Blogs that are dedicated to exploring and exposing the evidence and truth of John Kennedy's Murder. Mark Lane, was a pioneer and one of the original 1960's JFK Researcher, and did a lot of research on JFK and wrote books and made a 1966 Movie, Rush to Judgment, all exposing evidence that Kennedy was not murdered by Lee Harvey Oswald, but a gang of Conspirators. However, Mark Lane backed off on this Bernard Weissman, forever, after initially exposing him, as above. That brave reporter, Dorothy Kilgallen, would not back off of her JFK Assassination investigation exposure and was executed by "men in the night". There is something wrong, these JFK Researchers will travel to the far reaches of the Universe to get evidence that shows the Warren Commission was wrong and that a Conspiracy murdered Kennedy, but they won't go near the Jew- Bernard Weissman, who is up to his ears in the JFK Assassination and has been conveniently living in New York, when he is not in his homeland, the Brits gave the Jews in 1918, Israel.
Weissman is still alive and the multitudes of JFK Researchers are afraid of this Jew. Living evidence is rare in the case of the JFK Assassination. Something is very wrong because no Researcher dares investigate Weissman. The JFK Assassination Researchers don't dare say anything about the Israelis motive for killing Kennedy, or the feud between the Israelis and Kennedy, regarding Israel's Dimona Nuclear Bomb Reactor, that helped kill Kennedy. The JFK Researcher's fear to disclose Ruby's reason for killing Oswald, "Jews would be killed".
One of the best sources of Internet information on the JFK Assassination comes from the Blog: "www.EducationalForum.ipbhost.com" which is controlled by, of all organizations, "Spartacus Educational." As you might suspect by the name, "Spartacus", who was a Jewish Slave during the Roman Conquest, that that organization is controlled by Jews; Jews love to control education because they can do their best job of brain washing the young with their lies and Propaganda. As resourceful as that blog is, none of the JFK Researcher's will dare to explore the evidence of Bernard W. Weissman in Kennedy's Assassination. Oh, they will go on for pages about Edward Landsdale based on the speculation caused by a picture taken of the back of a man walking in Dealey Plaza. When Weissman's name pops up they are all afraid. Do they know? Have they been warned or discouraged? If you want to be politically correct, and scared, you will never get to the real evidence of the now second worst day in U.S. History, JFK's Assassination.
The worst day in U.S. history was 9-11-01 when elements of the U.S. intelligence and military conspired with Israel's Mossad to execute the events of that day that caused the American citizenry to support wars in the Middle East for the benefit of Israel.
The reason why the U.S. media refuses to entertain or allow any disclosure about the real evidence about JFK's Assassination is that the Jews control the U.S. media, and in particular movies and TV broadcasts. The Jews are like Ruby, they are scared to death, even 50 years later, that the truth of their participation will be uncovered. There have been two noteworthy movies made about the Kennedy Assassination, "JFK" in 1990 and "Executive Action" in 1973. "Executive Action", a docu-drama staring Robert Ryan, Burt Lancaster, and Will Greer, was made for the 10th Anniversary of JFK's Assassination" and it lasted in the movie theaters for 2 weeks and was then banned in the U.S. for about 30 years before showing up on cable TV a few times. The Jew owns the movie theaters in the U.S.. "JFK" was allowed in the 1990's, but only addressed a few issues of evidence, but did cause huge dissent by the American Public regarding the "Lone Gunman Decree" of a lie. Movies are easy to control but live TV is another problem; there have been isolated exceptions over the decades but most TV shows on the Kennedy Assassination are Controlled by the Government Regulators, censored.
Any TV shows, books or information by Jewish Gerald Posnor?? is just more Cover-up. Gerald Posnor is a commentator and alleged expert on the JFK Assassination, as well as, other Assassinations in the U.S., and he is nothing but a liar and front man for the elements in the U.S. who want to keep the truth about those Assassinations Concealed.
The Jew failed in Europe for Centuries. First, there was European Royalty who protected the people from the devious plans of the Jews. Then, there were the European Leaders, who protected the masses from the Jew. The Jew now preys on American Democracy with impunity; since the end of World War II the Jew has taken control of Europe. Who will protect the people?
If you want the Truth and complete Answer to the JFK Assassination, then go see Bernard W. Weissman. At 2015, Weissman is still alive at 78 years old and living in New Rochelle, New York, just outside New York City overlooking Long Island Sound. Weissman's Social Security number is 113-28-1879. Here's something for Weissman to sue about; Bernard W. Weissman is the "Big Jew" and was a "middle manager Co-Conspirator" in the Murder Conspiracy of U.S. President John F. Kennedy on 11-22-63!
There are others still alive for questioning. Marina Oswald-Porter, Jack Lawrence (fired shot the killed JFK), Mrs. Ruth Paine were all involved in the JFK Assasination. Some of Ruby's Carousel Club employees, including the stripper from England, Coleman (aka Kathy Kay), have information about the JFK Assassination. Whatever did become of Larry Crafard who drifted into Dallas and started working for Ruby in the Carousel Club a few weeks before the Assassination? Most likely Crafard is long dead (there is no data or research on his existence or death), but he had plenty of information about Ruby and the truth about the Assassination that the Warren Commission never got out of him via his W/C testimony. C.I.A. Billy Shelley died at 70 years old in about 2002. C.I.A. Clay Shaw died in 1974.
While the citizenry demands answers from Weissman in New Rochelle, they should also question Larry Silverstein, who resides in New York City and knows exactly how the Israeli's Mossad blew up Silverstein's Twin Towers with Super Thermite on 9-11-01.
IV. Evidence - Cross Fire in Dealey Plaza
Rose Cheramie was a New Orleans waitress and former employee of Jack Ruby, who on 11-20-63 was thrown from a car. A Louisiana State Police Officer, James Fruge, took Cheramie to the East Louisiana State Hospital. On the way to the hospital she told Fruge that she was thrown out of a car by two gangsters who worked for Jack Ruby and were involved in drug running between Houston and New Orleans; she claimed that these two men were involved in a plot to kill John F. Kennedy. Cheramie added, during conversation with Fruge, that Kennedy would be killed in Dallas in a few days. According to interview by Jack Anderson with Dr. Victor Weiss of East Louisiana State Hospital, who treated Cherimie for minor injuries incurred by being thrown out of a car, Cheramie stated that during her treatment on 11-20-63 she openly told of being aware that President Kennedy was going to be assassinated and that it was common knowledge in the underground of New Orleans that Kennedy would be killed. Cherimie told the same Kennedy Assassination prediction to nurses, but was ignored because they thought she had symptoms of drug use. The Anderson interview with Dr. Weiss is on "You Tube"/Internet.
Following the Kennedy Assassination, Louisiana State Trooper Fruge contacted the Dallas Police about Cheramie and her accurate prediction of Kennedy's murder. Rose Cheramie was interviewed by the Dallas police and she told them that Lee Harvey Oswald (LHO) had visited Jack Ruby's night club. She believed they (LHO and Ruby) had a homosexual relationship. The Dallas Police were uninterested. The Federal Authorities, who immediately took control of the entire Kennedy Assassination investigation that weekend of 11-22/24-63, passed on this witness.
While working for D.A. Jim Garrison, Officer Fuge, who had previously learned from Cheramie that she had been at the Silver Slipper Lounge with the two men, who parted her company by throwing her out of their car, tracked down the owner of the Silver Slipper Lounge, Mac Manual. Manual remembered Cheramie and an incident at the Silver Slipper Lounge involving Cheramie and identified the two men, who were with her from police mug shots. Rose Cheramie's two male companions were identified as Cuban exiles, Sergio Arcacha Smith and "Osanta" (Emilio Santana?).
Cherimie would die in short time on September 4, 1965 which would be yet another death of a Kennedy Assassination witness surrounded by confused and contradictory evidence; the motorist who ran her over stated he could not avoid her because she was lying in the highway going through Big Sandy, Texas causing her skull to be crushed. The authorities ruled it an accident and donated no explanation as to why Rose Cheramie was lying on highway's left lane.
Julia Ann Mercer had the "luck" to be driving through Dealey Plaza in Dallas, Texas the morning of 11-22-63, she would quickly live the rest of her life hiding from anything to do with Kennedy Assassination, but not before she, as a law abiding helpful and concerned citizen, went to the Dallas Sheriff's Dept. see pg. 2 and then the F.B.I. to report an occurrence she thought would help the Authorities' Presidential murder investigation. This 23 year old woman had driven through Dealey Plaza and was on Elm St. west of the Triple Underpass when she got caught in the right lane due to a Ford pick up truck stopped in that right lane. Mercer had plenty of time to describe this Ford pick up truck because it had caused her to stop so her vision was directed at the Ford for several minutes, until she could get in the left lane and pass the truck. Mercer told the police that the truck was pulled up to the side of the road with two tires up on the curb, but still blocking the traffic in the right lane. Mercer saw a younger man in his late 20's to 30's take a brown gun case out of the back of the truck and walk up the hill that forms the west end of the Grassy Knoll going to the east towards the railroad tracks. As she passed the truck, she looked at the driver, who she described as being heavy, round face, thinning hair. She also said there were 3 Dallas cops further up Elm St. to the west.
The Dallas Police confirm, per 11-22-63 transcript of Dallas P. D. radio dispatch, that there was a truck immobile on Elm St. at the location and time that Julia Ann Mercer described.
By 12:30pm. the President of the United States was assassinated just a short distance from where Julian Mercer observed the two men at the stalled Ford pick up truck. On Saturday, 11-23-63, she reported what she had seen to the F. B. I. and the Dallas Sheriff's Dept.. On that same Saturday, 11-23-63, the F. B. I. showed Julia Mercer pictures, and, according to her, she identified the driver as matching one of the pictures. Mercer stated that the F. B. I. agent then flipped the picture that she identified and the name Jack Ruby was on the back. She was not able to identify Lee Harvey Oswald as the young man she saw take the gun out of the pick up bed.
The next day, Sunday 11-24-63, Mercer saw the driver of the pick up truck, Jack Ruby, shoot Lee Harvey Oswald on TV and she exclaimed to her family, "that is the fellow driving the truck that a young man unloaded a rifle from." According to Mercer, Jack Ruby was the man behind the wheel of the Ford pick up truck that the other man took the gun case from and walked towards the Grassy Knoll. Although both the F. B. I. and Dallas Sheriff's Dept. confirm, per affidavits they produced, that Julia Mercer reported the Ford truck sitting on 11-23-63, both the F. B. I. and Dallas Sheriff's Dept. claimed that she reported something different, per her signed Affidavits produced by both agencies. They claimed that she never identified Ruby until after he shot Lee Harvey Oswald on TV. The F. B. I. and Sheriff's Dept. were also handy in producing certain wording in their affidavits that made Mercer look stupid and a poor witness ("slumped under and over the steering wheel").
Assassination researcher and author, Mark Lane, and others like him could not locate Mercer in the 1960's, but New Orleans D.A. Jim Garrison's Office found Mercer. Garrison wanted to know why Mercer did not identify Ruby on 11-23-63, as claimed per the Affidavit she signed for the F. B. I. on 11-23-63. Mercer told Garrison that the F. B. I. Affidavit was altered and that there was no notary at her statement to the Dallas Sheriff's Dept.. and her signature was a forgery. The F.B.I. and Dallas Sheriff's Dept. did a good job confirming their falsifications. The F. B. I. also falsified a supplemental Affidavit dated 11-28-63 which purported that they showed her Ruby's picture on that day of 11-28-63 and she could not identify Ruby as the driver of the gun running pick up truck on the back side of the Grassy Knoll on the day of Kennedy's murder.
The Warren Commission, as it did with many of its witnesses, never actually heard Julia Mercer testify; they merely used her Affidavit as evidence which in this case was a forgery.
Why anyone would believe anything the U.S. Government, Dallas Police, or F. B. I. produces over a citizen, who wanted to help in the investigation of the Presidential Assassination is beyond comprehension. Both the F. B. I. and Dallas Sheriff, confirm in writing, that Julia Mercer reported, on 11-23-63, she saw the two men and the gun running truck at the location that was close in proximity and time to the scene of the Kennedy Assassination. Could it be that they needed Ruby to perform the most important act of the JFK Assassination cover-up, shoot Lee Harvey Oswald the next day, 11-24-63?
Films of 8 TV Network Crews on Elm St. "Disappear" - Film 10 miles of Kennedy Parade, only Miss the "Hail of Bullets" in Dealey Plaza!
11-22-63 @ 12:30 - 12:31pm., the time the "TV Blacked Out" on Elm St., Dallas, Tx.
On 11-22-1963, U.S. President John Kennedy was in Dallas Texas, his objective was re-election campaigning. In the early afternoon, his Lincoln Limousine followed by a motorcade of about 31 vehicles comprised of cars, trucks, and the 14th vehicle in line, a press bus, wound through the downtown streets of Dallas. All 3 National TV Networks were there, as were local TV crews, both along the parade route and in the motorcade of cars, truck and 3 Press Buses, that followed Kennedy's Presidential Limo. The film quality by the TV Networks of the parade is remarkably good as Kennedy and his Presidential Motorcade traveled from the Love Airport and 10 miles to and through downtown Dallas and its Main St. and even as the Kennedy Limo leads the motorcade turning into Houston St.. Then, President Kennedy's Limo turned left onto Elm St. and all Professional TV film coverage disappeared, as if the network TV crews and their cameras were not there at Elm St., as Kennedy and his Presidential Limousine took the left turn at the Texas School Book Depository (TSBD) on to Elm St. towards Dealey Plaza's North Pergola which sits on the "Grassy Knoll". The Grassy Knoll started at less than a distance of 100' from the corner of Houston and Elm Sts.. According to the Warren Commission Kennedy was first hit about 175' down Elm St..
Here is a list of the vehicles and people in President Kennedy's Motorcade that traveled through Dallas, Texas from Love Field to Dealey Plaza on 11-22-63. That list includes more pages of documentation and sources at www.whokilledjfk.net/motorcade_occupants.htm
None of JFK's Assassination got filmed by the 8 National TV film crews, so they would have you believe. But it is not believable that 3 TV Networks with 8 camera crews would all shut off their cameras at Elm St. for at least 10 seconds while President Kennedy was Assassinated!
Why? Did the national TV crews shut off their cameras during the JFK Assassination? The cameras where on for over 10 miles before the Assassination and came right back on once President Kennedy was shot. The TV cameras caught Kennedy's Limo fleeing Dealey Plaza under the Triple Underpass seconds after the Assassination and they immediately filmed TV coverage of the police and parade watchers running to the Grassy Knoll and its fence and behind the fence into the parking lot and railroad yard, as they searched for the gunman who shot Kennedy.
The Answer is that the TV crews did not shut off their cameras just, Coincidentally, when the Presidential Limo turned left onto Elm St. and the bullets started flying. The answer is that the TV Networks filmed the entire Assassination, just as they filmed the entire 10 miles of Kennedy's Motorcade winding through Dallas, Texas.
The TV Networks were "Cooperative" with the Assassination Conspirators who murdered Kennedy and had the power to ENFORCE the Cover-up of the Evidence. The 3 National TV Networks filmed the Presidential Limo traveling down Elm St. and filmed Kennedy being Assassinated on Elm St. and then the films of Kennedy being Assassinated forever "Disappeared." The missing TV Network films of the JFK Assassination was at least 10 seconds, which time started before Kennedy got shot in the throat to the time S.S. agent Hill ran to the Presidential Limo and jumped in the back just as the Presidential Limo drove off from a stop in front of the Grassy Knoll on Elm St.
Only the Zapruder film shows Kennedy getting shot in the throat and hit in the right front head, but the Zapruder film was captured on the afternoon of 11-22-63 by the C.I.A. and was censored. If you watch the Zapruder film there is no indication that the Presidential Limousine stopped in front of the Grassy Knoll so the riflemen could finish their Assassination. There is at least several seconds of film cut from the Zapruder film. However, private citizen and Dealey Plaza parade watcher, Abraham Zapruder's, film survived recording that the motorcycle cops where behind Kennedy's Limo turning into Elm St. and then Motorcycle cops turn on to Elm St. and the President's Limo Disappeared in front of them. If you watch the entire Zapruder film the Presidential Limo then "pops" back on the screen "like magic" further down Elm St.
If you believe that those 8 TV Network film crews were ordered to turn off there TV cameras precisely when Kennedy's Motorcade turned into Elm St. and then turn the cameras back on a few seconds later after Kennedy was Murdered, that is every bit as bad a Cover-Up Conspiracy as causing the TV Film to "Disappear". The Government favors "Just a Coincidence."
CBS TV Network had 5 film crews in Dallas, Texas that 11-22-63 to cover President Kennedy's trip and ABC and NBC had two and one TV crews, respectively. Those National TV film crews recorded President Kennedy's Limousine and the 31 vehicle motorcade that traveled from Love Airfield and 10 miles through downtown Dallas, but when the Presidential Limo took a left on Elm St. from Houston the film footage stopped.
Howard Brennan was the F.B.I.'s, Dallas Police, and Warren Commission's best and only witness in Dealey Plaza to see a rifleman in the 6th floor southeast window of TSBD. Howard Brennan, unwittingly, revealed the Television filmed recordings of the JFK Assassination were censored and forever disappeared. Brennan was the witness at the corner of Houston and Elm St. who claimed to see a rifleman shooting in the southeast 6th floor window of the TSBD. Initially, he could not describe the gunner as being Lee Harvey Oswald nor did he initially identify Oswald in the Dallas P. D. lineup. During his Warren Commission testimony, Vol. III p. 150, Brennan stated that the Commission should have photographs of him talking to the Secret Service Agent in Dealey Plaza. When W/C Counsel Belin replied that the Commission does not have a photograph of him talking to a Secret Service Agent in Dealey Plaza, Brennan replied you should because it was on TV and my wife saw me.
Just when the Government was starting to convince the World that no Secret Service Agents were in Dealey Plaza when Kennedy was Assassinated.
But here's where the Cover-Up of the Kennedy Assassination is disclosed by the Government's star witness, Brennan. Brennan reveals that Mr. Lish of the F.B.I. requested those films of him talking to the Secret Service Agent be "cut" for the F.B.I.. Brennan assumed that the reason for the F.B.I. requesting the TV filming of him talking to the Secret Service Agent was so it would be available for evidence. Brennan revealed that the film clip was "cut" because the same film clip was replayed on TV and the part with him talking to the Secret Service Agent was "cut" (no longer in the film or censored). Yes sir yee, the Government ordered every TV film that could implicate the Co-Conspirators who Assassinated Kennedy to be destroyed and never shown. See more on Howard Brennan in section VII., below, "Evidence in the 6th floor of the TSBD - Oswald did it?"
The Government claimed there were no Secret Service Agents in Dealey Plaza when President Kennedy was shot, except for those riding in the Presidential Limo and Motorcade. Why were there fake Secret Service Agents in Dealey Plaza when Kennedy was killed. There is more evidence of phony Secret Service Agents, below this article, including a famous report of a Dallas Police Officer stopping a man with Secret Service Agent identification at the fence on the "Grassy Knoll" and then letting him disappear never to be seen again.
Researchers of the Kennedy Assassination rely on amateur films produced by several parade watchers that day in Dealey Plaza to diagnose the evidence of the Kennedy Murder. The most complete film was taken by an Abraham Zapruder, who filmed Kennedy's Limo from the turn on to Elm St. past the Grassy knoll and North Pergola of Dealey Plaza. Zapruder immediately reported to the Dallas NBC affiliate that he filmed, with his 8 mm camera, the entire murder of John Kennedy; that TV channel announced on the air, live, that they would develop Zapruder's film and show it on air that instant afternoon of 11-22-63. That TV. channel, Dallas WFAA, interviewed Abraham Zapruder while they waited for his film of Kennedy being shot to be developed. None of the other amatuer films show Kennedy being shot on Elm St., only Zapruder's film.
The C. I. A. must have been tuned to Dallas WFAA TV because the C. I. A. stole the Zapruder film before it ever got on TV that day. In fact, it would not be until the mid -1970's before that film was allowed on TV. That's right, by 3:00pm. Dallas time, the Zapruder film was confiscated by the C.I.A.
Geraldo Rivera (aka Heraldo Revolver) took time off from his Al Capone's Tomb and "gettin' his nose busted by white guys" to show the Zapruder Film for the first time to the American Public on his late night TV Show, Good Night America, in 1975. Prior to this date of March 6, 1975, the U.S. Government decided the Zapruder film was to graphic for the American Public's view. Now, you can see the Zapruder Film at your leisure on the Internet. But remember, whether it's Geraldo Late Night in 1975, or, today on the Internet, it is not the original and is the tampered C. I. A. version owned, in 1975, by Life Magazine. Some sources say Life did more damage to the Zapruder film, in addition to the censoring by the C. I. A.. Whatever was on that original Zapruder film that the Co-Conspirators did not want seen? Why did they release a tampered version of that film that clearly shows Gov. Connally and Kennedy were shot by two different bullets and, at least at two different times? And why did the Government allow the Zapruder film to be released when it clearly shows the last shot hit Kennedy in the front right of his head?
The reason is easy. The Government figured they could convince the American people that a "magic bullet" hit both Kennedy and then Connally, as well as, convincing them that the final head shot was from Kennedy's rear. This would all been done by various Voices of Authority, "who think they can get away with telling the U.S. citizenry that "fiction is fact"."
By allowing their censored version of the Zapruder film, the C. I. A. still gave too much away, even though they cut-out some valuable evidence of the Cross-Fire in Dealey Plaza.
The C. I. A. altered that Zapruder film. Life Magazine would pay Abraham Zapruder $150,000.00, in 1960's dollars, for that altered C. I. A. version of the Kennedy Assassination filmed by Zapruder.
Likewise, all known filming, in and around Dealey Plaza, of the Kennedy Assassination and the owners' movie cameras were instantly confiscated by Dallas Police and Federal Agents "in the name of Security" and in violation of the U.S. Constitution's 5th and 14th Amendments' Due Process Interest in Property. But folks are scared of the police and rightfully so - it is a tuff man who will stand up to cops because, in addition, the Courts of Justice in the U.S.A. will back up that cop regardless of the truth and his atrocities. Kennedy parade watchers Muchmore, Nix, Hughes, Bell, Moorman, Altgens all had their film, pictures and cameras immediately illegally confiscated by the police in the name of law that day in Dealey Plaza. And there was more, the feds destroyed the Dillard film which allegedly shows 2 men in the 6th floor southeast window of the TSBD (the window the Warren Commission claimed Oswald shot from) when Kennedy's Motorcade passed. Another film taken by Charles Bronson (not the 70's movie star) filmed 2 figures, (if you have some real imagination), in the 6th floor window of the TSBD minutes before the JFK Assassination. Jack Daniels also filmed the Kennedy Motorcade from the Triple Overpass looking east at Kennedy coming down Elm St.. Lastly listed here, the Weaver picture showed, more imagination needed, 2 men in the 6th floor window of TSBD.
Some of the above movies and pictures were returned damaged, but the negatives were not returned by the Authorities.
The films in the above paragraph were all confiscated and in most cases, especially the Nix film, were tampered with to remove any evidence that killed the "Lone Crazed Gunman Decree".
Why was the C.I.A., F.B.I., and Secret Service so well prepared and quick to grab movies, movie cameras, cameras, and even Polaroid snap shots? These Federal Agents were ready and prepared to violate the rights of those U.S. citizens' by stealing their property without Due Process of Law. They swarmed through Dealey Plaza immediately after Kennedy was shot and confiscated all films and movie cameras and even Polaroids and snap shots. To this Web Sites' research no film or pictures of the Kennedy Limo traveling down Elm St. and Kennedy's Assassination in Dealey Plaza survived the confiscation by Government Agents. Zapruder's film was grabbed by the C.I.A at the TV studio and altered. Any pictures that were returned, as was one of Mary Moorman's Polaroids, were damaged to destroy any evidence against the pre-planned "Lone Gunman Decree". Where are the cops when you need them? Not even the President of the U.S. could get police protection when he needed it. But they were everywhere that day in Dealey Plaza!
How did the cops and F.B.I. know who had the cameras in Dealy Plaza when Kennedy was murdered?
The Stemmons Highway Sign
Abraham Zapruder was well familiar with Dallas, Texas and Dealey Plaza. Why would he film Kennedy's Parade with that road sign blocking his filming? Yes, that same traffic sign that appears in the Zapruder film and is in front of the Dallas North Pergola. The North Pergola was a local attraction and "Gateway" into the City of Dallas. A review of films that 11-22-63 in Dealey Plaza show 3 traffic signs giving directions for turns on to Stemmons Highway, Fort Worth, and R. L. Thornton Freeway, etc., all dead smack in front of a tourist attraction that was the North Pergola that sat on the "Grassy Knoll". However, there are also pictures of Dealey Plaza before and after the Assassination that show no traffic signs in front of that Monument area, as one would expect it was not blocked by those gaudy signs. Oh, the Hertz Rental sign is still on the Texas School Book Depository and the automobiles are vintage 60's in those pictures, so the times were the same, but that Stemmons Highway sign is not there. The Stemmons Highway sign blocked Zapruder and his complete filming of Kennedy's Assassination.
When first viewing the Zapruder film the back of the "Stemmons Highway sign, which is "synthetic black" and blocks major action of filming by Zapruder of the Kennedy Assassination, looks awkward. That black color is wrong, but worse is that the sign is cockeyed and looks like it is ready to be blown over by a strong wind. The problem for the Stemmons Highway sign that blocks a major action of the Kennedy Assassination in the Zapruder film is that it is not placed at a right angle to the surrounding topography, as is always the case when a road sign is put into the ground. Did the C. I. A. have a tuff time trying to block the Kennedy Assassination action and the "Umbrella Man" all at the same time? The "Umbrella Man" is opening his black umbrella up against that Stemmons Highway sign as Kennedy's Limo is blocked out by that Stemmons sign, all while the Limo travels down Elm St..
Additionally, there are pictures located by this Web Site that show overhead direction signs on Elm St. about 10 yards from the intersection at Houston. That is a frame taken from the Zapruder film. Why would they have duplicate signs? Either that film frame from the Zapruder film is another example of C.I.A. tampering or there were overhead signs on Elm St. that duplicated the signs in front of the Pergola. And yes, the time era is the same because the Hertz/Chevrolet sign is on the TSBD and cars are early - mid sixties. One thing for sure that Stemmons Highway sign that blocked the Zapruder film has not been in Dealey Plaza for many decades according to a history of Dealey Plaza.
Some versions of the Zapruder Film show "action" on the back of that Stemmons Highway sign. The Stemmons Highway sign was hit by bullets. The Assassination rifleman screwed up and missed the target many times that early afternoon in Dealey Plaza. Those bullet holes caused by bullets penetrating the Stemmons Highway sign had to be covered-up, while the C.I.A. had illegal possession of Zapruder's film; that's why the black color on the back of the Stemmons sign looks too rich and you see the "action" on the back of the Stemmon Highway sign which is cover-up work product. There is no indication of weathering or sun bleaching from the southern sun deep in Dixie in that deep uniform, "synthetic looking black". That's why as soon as you see the "action" (bullets hitting the sign) on the back of the Stemmon Highway sign on the Zapruder Film the film is quickly "cut" and Kennedy's Limo is immediately shown due to the film being altered.
Many Assassination Researchers have already pointed out that the buildings in the right hand side background shown on the Zapruder Film, which would be along the east side of Houston St., were pasted in! Those buildings seen in the right side background of the Zapruder film did not exist on Houston St. on 11-22-63, or before that, and to the current date. In other words, the same buildings along Houston St. existed before, and after 11-22-63, and there were no changes, let lone the totally different buildings as was pasted into the background of the Zapruder Film. In those same copies of the Zapruder film, which are on the Internet, there reveals at the top of the film 3 Overhead Traffic Signs. These phony pasted - in background buildings and the 3 Overhead Signs are seen on the versions of the Zapruder Film with the 8mm sprockets showing up on the left side of the film. See the very top of that version of the Zapruder Film and the Triple Overhead Directional Signs show up at the very top of the film (three black overhead signs/rectangles connected on a steel bar the runs overhead across Elm St.).
Those 3 Overhead Traffic Signs at the corner of Houston and Elm St. have the identical direction information on 11-22-63 as the three signs in front of Pergola that sits on the Grassy Knoll. They would not have duplicate traffic signs. Did it take the C.I.A. more than a day to alter the Zapruder film? Those overhead signs were put in, at least, over a year after 11-22-63 and probably 3 years after the Assassination. Yet, this altered Zapruder film shows the overhead signs pasted in. Life Magazine was more than cooperative; Life Magazine penetrated New Orleans Attorney General Jim Garrison's investigation and was giving information to the C.I.A. about Garrison's Clay Shaw JFK murder conspiracy charges. Zapruder was a Jew and could be easily convinced to "play ball" and remain silent about his alleged return by the C.I.A. of his film the next day and any unexplained variances in his returned film and the versions of the Zapruder film that were not released until over 12 years later. And to keep Zapruder happy he was paid $150,000.00 for his film by Life Magazine.
The Invisible Presidential Limo bounces into the Zapruder Film
Particularly disturbing about the Zapruder film is the way Kennedy's limo "shows up" on the film after the two escorting police motorcycles turn left, slowly and distinctly, from the corner at Houston St. and down Elm St.; the limo just "pops" into the C. I. A. altered Zapruder film! When Kennedy's Limo appears on the Zapruder film for the first time on Elm St. it "bounces" on the film. The Zapruder, altered by the C. I. A., film never shows Kennedy's Limo turning from Houston into Elm but it just appears in a "pop" 30 yards down Elm St. and showing no turn from Houston St.. The government claims the Limo did not show up on the film because Zapruder turned off his movie camera to save film! Funny time to save film when the President's parade shows up! But why did the Dallas Police motorcycles get filmed taking the turn and traveling down Elm St. if the camera was off? The Presidential Limo was for some reason invisible, while it was making that turn or somebody wanted to cover-up some evidence.
Also note, that the Zapruder film shows the two motorcycle cops driving down Elm St. without any Limo in sight, ( see lower right frame) and when the Limo finally "pops" into the picture the two motorcycle cops are following to the rear of Kennedy's Presidential Limo!
There were actually 4 Dallas Police motorcycles behind Kennedy's Presidential Limousine as it turned into Elm St. If you watch the Zapruder film you will see the motorcycle on the right side of the street drive off the scene toward the TSBD service road. The reason that motorcycle drove out of sight to the right of Elm St. is that it was following the Presidential Limousine which made a wide swing at Houston going into Elm St. and attempting to enter the service road in front of the TSBD that runs parallel to Elm St. and into the infamous parking lot next to the TSBD and behind the Grassy Knoll and North Pergola.
That's what the C.I.A. didn't want you to see. They cut-out the part of the Zapruder film that recorded the wide swing by Presidential Limousine driver, Secret Service Agent - Greer, towards the TSBD service road. They cut-out the President's Limo but they left in a Dallas P.D. motorcycle following the Limo out of sight off Elm St. That's why the Limo "pops" into the scene in the Zapruder film without ever turning around the corner at Houston St.
Also see the southwest (inside corner) of Houston and Elm St.. That's right, the corner directly south across from the TSBD where there are no buildings but just more monuments and pools of Dealey Plaza. The parade watchers lined up at that corner don't move when the motorcycles are turning the corner onto Elm St., but when the Limo pops into the Zapruder film the parade watchers are different people and moving. When the Presidential Limousine "pops" into the Zapruder film you suddenly see a little girl running down the side walk as the Limousine passes, but that little girl wasn't in the Zapruder film before the Limo popped into the film. Watch that corner carefully their are men fighting. Someone threw something at President Kennedy's Limo as it passed that corner causing men to push each other. And of course, the Authorities had reason to censor or cut that film out of the Zapruder film and paste in stills.
It is a shame Kennedy's Presidential Limo didn't remain invisible down Elm St. that 11-22-63.
Also noteworthy, the C. I. A. altered Zapruder film shows lines of parade watchers, on the north side of Elm St. before the Stemmons Highway sign, who never move. Look at the line of people on the north side of Elm St. before the Limo is blocked from the Zapruder Camera by the black Stemmons Highway road sign, they don't move. Not even a wave to Jackie and the Governor of Texas. Not even an arm or head or body movement, as if they were pasted in like a coloring book. But look at this photograph taken from the south side of Elm St., the parade watchers seem a little less rigid than in the Zapruder film.
Another controversy with the Zapruder film is that Kennedy's Limo continues at a constant speed down Elm St. and never slows to a complete stop, so that the Secret Service Agent, Hill, could catch up and jump on the bumper of that Lincoln Limo while Jackie Kennedy reached back and grabbed part of her husband's brain that blew out all over the Limo trunk lid. Scores of parade witnesses said this "stopping" of the Limo occurred. Why doesn't the Zapruder film show the Limo coming to a stop? 60 witnesses came forward and stated they observed the limo braking and coming to a stop. What is left of The Muchmore film, although only containing a few a few seconds of the Kennedy Limo immediately after Kennedy was shot, does show the Limo accelerating from a stop in front of the Grassy Knoll on Elm St., so that SS Hill was able to run and jump on the back bumper of the stationary Presidential Limousine. It is impossible that Hill could ran that fast without the Limo stopping! Secret Service Agent - Hill was riding in the car behind JFK's Limo.
If you were watching TV on Friday afternoon of 11-22-63, the U.S. TV Networks showed the Presidential Limo at a stop on Elm St. in front of the Grassy Knoll. Presidential Limousine driver, Secret Service Agent Greer, had brought the Presidential Limousine to a stop by the time Kennedy was hit in the front right temple. But before it could come to a stop Greer had to cause the Limousine to slow. Those TV Networks films showed during the afternoon of 11-22-63 did not show the Presidential Limo slowing to a stop or any bullets hitting Kennedy, only the Limousine at a stop and then accelerating and taking off down under the Triple Underpass in Dealey Plaza. It appeared, as it does in the Muchmore film, that Greer has stopped the Limo for Secret Service Agent, Hill, so Hill could jump on the back of the Presidential Limousine.
The Presidential Limousine was brought to a stop by the Secret Service Agent, Greer, because Kennedy was still alive and a stationary target was necessary so the riflemen could finish Kennedy off.
Secret Service Agent, Greer, slowed and stopped the Presidential Limousine in front of the Grassy Knoll on Elm St. to help the gunners kill Kennedy. Some argue that the Presidential Limousine made that stop because bullets were coming from in front of the Presidential Limousine and use the bullet holes in the Limousine windshield as proof. Bullets did hit the windshield of the Presidential Limousine fired from in front of the Limousine which defeats the Warren Commission "Lone Crazed Gunman Decree" that Kennedy was fired on only from the southeast 6th floor window of the TSBD. Secret Service Agent, Greer, and his partner, Secret Service Agent, Roy Kellerman, seated in the front passenger seat of the Presidential Limousine seemed prepared for the bullets that riddled the Presidential Limousine and could have also easily have killed him. S.S. Agents, Greer and Kellerman, offered no protection for Kennedy nor did any other Secret Service Agent. Greer and Kellerman can be seen on the Zapruder film ducking to avoid bullets.
Those TV Network films shown on the afternoon of 11-22-63 of Kennedy's Limo accelerating from a stop on Elm St., while S.S. Hill ran to jump into the Presidential Limo are now forever censored or destroyed (in the custody of the C.I.A.) like all the TV Network films of the entire Assassination that took place in a few seconds prior.
UPI Photographer Altgens was quiet and compliant about what he witnessed in Dealey Plaza while he was covering the Kennedy Motorcade travel through Dealey Plaza. There are televised interviews from the 1960's, one with JFK Researcher Mark Lane, of Altgens that are now on the Internet. However in the late 1990's Altgens, by that time in old age, decided to provide information he witnessed for a book on the Kennedy Assassination. Altgens and his wife both ended up dead, shortly after, in their home. The Altgen's relatives speculated that the Altgens were killed by carbon monoxide. It was summer time in Texas when they died and no evidence of a gas burner malfunctioning or even operating. Carbon Monoxide is a blood agent and causes death to a human the same way as Cyanide Gas, only Cyanide is instant death.
Altgens took the famous Altgens6 photo of the TSBD when Kennedy was shot at on Elm St.. That is the photo that the Government first high jacked and then censored by blocking out faces, in order to protect the guilty and cover-up evidence. Just like Stalin did after he purged people in the U.S.S.R. in the 1930s through early 1950s.
Jackie was reaching for Kennedy's brain that was splattered all over the Limo trunk lid when she turned around and reached back, she was not trying to help SS Agent Hill get into the Limo. Jackie Kennedy and physicians at Parkland Hospital, Dallas stated per interview that Jackie gave the physicians in the Parkland Hospital ER Kennedy's part of Kennedy's brain. But the C.I.A. version of the Zapruder film does not show the brains blasted all over the Limo trunk lid; it looks more like Jackie is just putting her hand on the trunk lid. The C.I.A. erased from the Zapruder film Kennedy's brains flying back all over the Limo trunk lid because that would indicate the exit trajectory of the bullet was out the rear of Kennedy's head and that the he was hit from the front which is totally contrary to the Warren Commission's Decree that all shots were fired from the President's rear out the southeast 6th floor window of the TSBD.
Photo experts go on limitlessly with technical analysis as to why the C. I. A. stolen Zapruder film is a fake, or at a minimum, altered, and their diagnosis's are on the Internet.
During instant interview the early afternoon of 11-22-63 with Dallas WFAA TV, Abraham Zapruder states he saw Kennedy "hit in the temple" and he indicates with his fingers in a semi-circle to the right side of his own forehead to be sure there was no doubt that he witnessed John Kennedy get shot in front right part of his head. Zapruder agrees with his film, by indicating with his fingers, that Kennedy got hit by, at least this a second bullet, in his right temple/forehead or from the front.
There are many who claim there were, and still exist with U.S. Intelligence, more films of the Kennedy Assassination than Zapruder's film. It is easy to believe that there was other filming of the Assassination due to all 3 National TV Networks being present with 8 film crews. The Government was, no doubt, also recording the JFK Assassination. The Government Operatives, Secret Service, C.I. A., certain members of the Dallas Police, Dallas Sheriff's Office, and F.B.I. were all participants in Kennedy's Murder and are equipped to record their work for future needs. See the Internet - "You Tube" -"Rich Dellarosa - other z-film" where he describes one of those "other JFK Assassination film recordings" he saw in 1974 before the Zapruder film was even first shown to the American Public on Geraldo Rivera's "Good Night America" on March 6, 1975.
Kennedy got hit by two different types of ammo, if you believe in "Magic Bullets" of the Warren Commission. According to Warren Commission Assistant Counsel, Arlen Specter, who invented the "Magic Bullet", a pristine "fully jacketed bullet" slug was taken off a hospital stretcher by Parkland Hospital employee, O. P. Wright within an hour after JFK's corpse was taken by the Feds out of Parkland Hospital. Wright gave the "Magic Bullet" to a Secret Service Agent, who put it in his pocket. This "Magic Bullet" was alleged by Specter and the Warren Commission to be one of the two bullets that hit Kennedy. That "Magic Bullet" was in new "out of the box condition," except for some rifling lines and tiny amount of 11/2 (one and one half) gains of lead missing at the base of the bullet slug, see Warren Commission Vol. III, p. 430 - testimony of F.B.I. Robert Frazier. This "Magic Bullet" was in new condition because, according to Specter and the Warren Commission, it was a "fully jacketed bullet." Specter and the Warren Commission alleged this "Magic Bullet" went through President Kennedy and then Governor Connolly while making 7 wounds and hitting a variety of human bones and taking two 90 degree turns. Even if you accept the Warren Commission and Specter, one of the problems for their "Magic Bullet" is that the second bullet that the Warren Commission claims hit and blew through Kennedy's head fragmented so badly that ballistic tests on most of the fragments were impossible. This second bullet caused injuries to Kennedy that resulted from a different type of ammo or bullet than the "Magic Bullet", because a "fully jacketed bullet" would not have fragmented into tiny particles. If the Warren Commission's claimed second shot that went through Kennedy's head was a "fully jacketed bullet", it certainly did not act like the same type of ammunition that was the fully jacketed "Magic Bullet". One would expect both bullets fired by the same Lone Gunman to act, upon hitting the human target, the same way. Making the comparison worse for the "Lone Gunners" is that the bullet that fragmented saw much less resistance (Kennedy's head) than the "Magic Bullet" that hit 7 points in two men including bones and incurred almost no damage. Fragments of lead from the bullet slug to Kennedy's head were found by the surgeons at Parkland Hospital in Kennedy's brain, indicating an impossibility of it being the same type of ammo as the "fully jacketed" "Magic Bullet". Would the Commission's lone gunman use two different types of ammo that he loaded into the bullet clip of his Mannlicher - Carcarno rifle?
It is generally considered absurd that any bullet could have been "so magical" as the Warren Commission alleges that the route the "Magic Bullet" took through two men while hitting bones and taking 90 degree turns could also come out in new condition. They would have been far more convincing, if they alleged to have found the bullet slug on the Limo floor rather than on a hospital stretcher. The Warren Commission's "Magic Bullet" has all the indications of being fired into water which result in the rifling and 1 1/2 grains of lead missing, or pristine condition.
Some suspect that Jack Ruby put the "Magic Bullet" on the Parkland Hospital stretcher because he was seen interviewed and filmed in Parkland Hospital that afternoon. Ruby was interviewed on 11-22-63 by a Dallas reporter, Seth Kantor, who spotted Ruby and was known to that reporter, at the Parkland Hospital at 1:30pm after they brought Kennedy in on a stretcher. Kantor said, " Ruby appeared worried." Maybe Ruby had an interest that 11-22-63, but why? The Warren Commission determined in their infinite Bureaucratic wisdom, after hearing this testimony by journalist Kantor, that Kantor was mistaken even though another witness, Wilma Tice, corroborated Kantor's testimony. However, Kantor's conversation and handshake with omnipresent Ruby at Parkland Hospital was recorded by TV cameras and is on today's Internet. Although the Internet would not be invented for another 30 years, due to Lee's invention of http protocol, the Warren Commission would say that You Tube and the Internet are both wrong and that Al Gore invented the Internet. Talk about a bunch nuts!
Security for the U.S. President - "Zero" in Dealey Plaza on 11-22-63
The 112th Military Intelligence Group at Fort Sam Houston, Texas, was ordered to "stand off" of standard military intelligence back up required for the visiting President of the U.S.A.. That military group would have customarily provided over 100 security agents to back up the Secret Service in Dealey Plaza and along the parade route through Dallas. William McKinney, a former member of that crack Military Intelligence Group at 4th Army Headquarter at Fort Sam Houston, revealed that both Col. Maximillian Reich and his deputy, Lt. Col. Joel Caboza, of the 4th Army Intelligence Group at Ft. McHenry protested these orders he received that stopped standard military back up by the closest local military intelligence group.
U.S. Col. L. Fletcher Prouty is an interesting figure concerning the Kennedy Assassination. He witnessed nothing that day of 11-22-63 in Dallas, Texas, but was on his way back from Antarctica. Surprisingly, Prouty had a lot of incriminating information and accusations to make about the murder of President Kennedy. Prouty had top military and U.S. Intelligence credentials. A Yankee from Massachusetts, he fought in World War II as a tank commander and was promoted to personal pilot for U.S. General Omar Bradley. He flew Chiang Kai-shek to the Tehran Conference. Prouty did work for the O. S. S.. After a series of important military roles up through the Korean War, he was assigned, in 1955, to coordinate operations between the U. S. A. A. F. and the Central Intelligence Agency and for the next 9 years worked for the Pentagon. He was Briefing Officer for the Secretary of Defense (1960-61), and for the Chairman of the Joint Chiefs of Staff and Chief of Special Operations. (1962-63). In 1964 he retired.
Col. Prouty, per numerous televised interviews, that are on the Internet/"You Tube", states that everything about John Kennedy's parade route through Dallas, Texas, and in particular Dealey Plaza, was against official security policy for the U.S. President. Prouty is clear, he states that "the President of the United States was not protected that day in Dallas." Prouty points out that it is official policy of Secret Service and U.S. Government to secure the parade route such as the one Kennedy took through Dealey Plaza. Prouty points to blunt evidence of violations of protection for President Kennedy while traveling through Dallas, and in particular Dealey Plaza, that were not followed, including, open windows in buildings along the Presidential Parade route, man hole covers not welded, no military back up, the Secret Service left their post on the back of the Limo. Additionally, Prouty stated that another standard security procedure not taken was that radio equipped riflemen should have been on the roof tops to insure windows remain shut and that snipers are dealt with. Prouty stated that the military back up that was cancelled would have additionally secured the parade watchers and infiltrated into the crowds; there would have been 100's of security personnel brought in from the nearest military base, but on 11-22-63 it was all cancelled. Prouty states that "these omissions show the hand of the plotters and the undeniable fact that they were operating among the highest levels of government in order to have access to the channels necessary to arrange such things covertly".
In his 1975 book, An Introduction to the Assassination Business, Prouty states, Kennedy was killed by the breakdown of the protective system that should have made an assassination impossible. He states that "the power to call off the usual security precautions whenever the President travels came from the Inside". "The Inside was the power source that arranged Kennedy's murder". "It (the inside) had the means to reduce normal security and permit the choice of a hazardous route". "The Inside also had the power to cover-up that Assassination for (at 1975) twelve years.
Prouty points out that the parade route took unusually dangerous turns on to Houston and then Elm and caused Kennedy's Limo to slow down to an unsafe speed. He also pointed out that normally that Kennedy's motorcade would have gone straight and continued down Main St., and under the Triple Underpass and on to the Stemmons Highway to the Trade Mart.
Prouty doesn't name the Insiders; he wrote that book in 1975 which is the significance of the successful twelve years of cover-up. The cover-up, now, continues after 50 years. After the movie JfK in 1992, the forces of U.S. Government power and allies went to more work on the Assassination cover-up, due to the social protest and uproar that that documented movie, JFK, caused from the American Citizens. The U.S. Government created a third JFK Assassination bureaucracy called the A.R.R.B (Assassination Records Review Board). If you want a sure thing money making movie, produce a docu-drama on the Kennedy Assassination and maybe throw in Robert Kennedy's and Martin Luther King's Assassinations. "People love a Scandal" and they love the documented truth that proves the Scandal about the highest Authorities in our Society. If they ban the movie from the theaters, send it to Europe and Japan and sell it on the Internet.
In his 1973 book, The Secret Team, Prouty, claimed that "the C.I.A. worked on behalf of the interests of a high cabal of industrialists and bankers". He claimed that "the C.I.A. was involved in the killing of President Kennedy".
In a letter to District Attorney Jim Garrison, who put Clay Shaw on trial for Conspiracy to murder Kennedy, Prouty states the "hit men" were from the C.I.A. overseas sources, for instance, from the "Camp near Athens, Greece."
Prouty stated in that same letter to Garrison that, "the Power of the cover-up comes down to there never being an indictment or trial". He claims, "without a trial there can be nothing".
The Warren Commission would disagree with Prouty. The Warren Commission convicted Lee Harvey Oswald of two murders, Kennedy and Tippit, and an attempted murder, General Walker, all by Decree. So there was a lot accomplished (rather than nothing) for the Warren Commission without a trial for Oswald; Oswald was convicted by Government Decree without any Constitutionally mandated Due Process of Law.
Many U.S. Citizens and JFK Assassination Researchers disagree with Prouty's opinion that there is nothing without a trial. The U.S. Government cannot be relied to tell the truth about Kennedy's Assassination. Only when the U.S. citizenry refuses to acknowledge Decrees by the U.S. Government regarding the Kennedy Assassination will the truth be known. It is this acceptance by the American's of the Government's Authority and Decree about the JFK Assassination that allows the lies of the Government's "Lone Crazed Assassin Decree" to survive.
JFK Assassination Researchers have produced irrefutable evidence that show to a certainty that Lee Harvey Oswald did not kill President Kennedy. The JFK Assassination Researchers have also produced irrefutable evidence that the Government's "Lone Crazed Gunman" Decree of JFK being killed by one rifleman firing 3 shots for the 6th floor southeast window of the TSBD is to a scientific certainty a pre-planned lie.
We agree with Prouty that if Oswald was put on trial for the murder of JFK that trial would have destroyed the Assassination Cover-Up, so Lee Harvey Oswald's murder was a crucial element to the JFK Assassination Cover-Up.
Prouty alleges that during conversation on 11-29-63 with J. Edgar Hoover the first question asked by Lyndon B. Johnson was "Were 'THEY" shooting at me?" The allegation was that Johnson had this concern because Connally also got shot. Prouty points out that Johnson knew there were Hit Men or a team of riflemen as did Governor Connally, who also referred to "THEY". Prouty made no commentary that Jackie Kennedy used the word "they" many times concerning the murderers of her husband, instead of him (Lone Gunman).
Prouty claimed that the 3 Hobos that the Dallas Police found hiding in a box car in the railroad yard, immediately behind the Grassy Knoll, were just actors used by the "handlers" to create a "smoke screen". These were the same 3 Hobos, who were arrested for the JFK Assassination, after the Dallas Police ran up and behind the Grassy Knoll to the parking lot and railroad yard in pursuit of the rifleman or men that they and the parade watchers heard and saw shoot Kennedy and run away.
It is hard to believe the 3 Hobos were merely a "smoke screen". They could have ended up being more patsies.
Lee Bowers, who ran the railroad yard control tower saw the riflemen shoot from behind the fence on the Grassy Knoll. Bowers also prevented that freight train that included the box car the 3 Hobos were in that early afternoon of 11-22-63 from moving.
Dallas Police Officer, David Harkness, was one of the many Dallas cops photographed searching the railroad yard behind the Grassy Knoll, for Kennedy's Assassins. After Harkness was retired in 1973, and 30 years after the Kennedy Assassination, the F.B.I., in 1992, re-opened the JFK investigation on the "3 Hobos" and took a report from retired Dallas P.D. Officer David Harkness. According to the 1992 F.B.I. report there were more individuals removed from the box cars than just the "3 Hobos", (see also page 1 of Harkness 1992 F.B.I. Report). The re-opening of the F.B.I.'s JFK investigation in 1992 on the "3 Hobos" was no more than a continued cover-up because the original 1963 film clips of the "3 Hobos" were featured as evidence in the 1991 movie JFK. Harkness was silent and without memory when interviewed after 1963 about his observations in Dealey Plaza on 11-22-63, but suddenly, 30 years later in 1992, he could identify Gedney, Doyle and Abrams, as the three tramps. Harkness per his 1992 F.B.I. report, above, did not want to admit that he, first, went behind the Grassy Knoll and was one of the first Dallas Officers searching for Kennedy's Assassins behind the fence on the Grassy Knoll and into the parking lot and railroad yard, as photographed.
The Government was embarrassed by the movie JFK which revealed to the World that the "3 Hobos" were found in a box car that was in the railroad yard behind the Grassy Knoll. Lee Bowers, the railroad yard controller, prevented the train the Hobos' box car was in from leaving the railroad yard. The Dallas police searched the box car and arrested the "3 Hobos", who were hiding in it. However, although they were well publicized and photographed by the Press repeatedly after their arrest, in the afternoon of 11-22-63, and marched through Dealey Plaza escorted by shotgun carrying police, the Dallas Police released them a few hours later. When the press and TV Networks inquired as to their identification, the answer from the Dallas P.D. was "the 3 Hobos were released" and "we do not know who they are." The Dallas Police claimed they did not question these Hobos or identify them before releasing them.
The F.B.I. and greater Federal Government thought that re-opening a 1992 investigation on the 3 Hobos would eliminate their embarrassment and the suspicions raised about the 3 Hobos as being part of the Assassination Team by the movie JFK. However, no one knew about this 1992 investigation. Giving the 3 Hobos names of men, some dead, 30 years later is just more feeble cover-up and fraud. The reason given to the press and American Public on 11-22-63 for the release of the 3 Hobos was that the Dallas Police were ordered by the Secret Service and F.B.I. to release the 3 Hobos. Why? Part of the Cover-up of Kennedy's Murder is the answer. Those 3 Hobos like the "Dark Skinned Man" and the "Umbrella Man" were involved in the Conspiracy to murder Kennedy. Were the 3 Hobos signal men like the radio toting "Dark Skinned Man" and his "Umbrella Man" friend or were they rifle men? The F.B.I. in 1992 wanted the World suddenly to believe the 3 Hobos were just harmless coincidences, who decided to hide out in a box car of a train that Lee Bowers, railroad yard controller, ordered stopped because of the riflemen he saw taking shots at Kennedy from the fence on the Grassy Knoll.
Prouty blames C. I. A. Edward Landsdale for planning and controlling the Assassination in Dallas on 11-22-63. He didn't like Landsdale.
In Prouty's writings and interviews he acknowledges, as do many others, that it was Kennedy's decision to abandoned military action in Viet Nam and all Indo China that cost John Kennedy his life. What Prouty doesn't see or say is that Kennedy was the first fatality of the Viet Nam War and that War marked the beginning of the end for the once Great United States of American. The Viet Nam War would provide an opportunity to end the Anglo-Saxon rule of the U.S.A. that started at Jamestown and Plymouth Rock.
The Viet Nam War caused a Social Breakdown in the United States in the late 1960's to early 1970's and created the opportunity for the Jews to Take Over the U.S.A.. Forgotten are the two Jews, Jerry Ruben and Abbie Hoffman, who took it open themselves to promote drug use by the American youth; drug use was previously unheard of in mainstream U.S.A. until the Anti Vietnam War movement (1965-1971) led by the Jews, not to stop the Vietnam War, but to take opportunity to cause Social Upheaval in the U.S.A. in order to accelerate their "Jewish Take Over". Once the draft stopped in the U.S.A. in the summer of 1971 the Anti-Vietnam War Movement ended. However the U.S. continued the Vietnam War until March of 1973 when they signed the Paris Treaty with Ho Chi Minh. The Viet Nam War ended in May of 1975 with Anti-War protests long since quiet and psychedelic long hair obsolete in the U.S.A..
If Oswald was the lone crazed gunman then he was a lucky one because he got his job at the Dallas School Book Depository over a month prior to 11-22-63 and prior to even Kennedy knowing he was going to Dallas. According the HSCA testimony of Edward Shields, who worked in the shipping department at the TSBD, eight black workers, who had been doing the same book picking job as Oswald would do, were laid off the day before Lee Harvey Oswald was hired at the TSBD. Oswald was recommended, via a phone call, by Mrs. Ruth Paine (woman who owned the house in Irving where Marina Oswald was living in November of 1963) to TSBD supervisor Roy Truly. Evidently, the TSBD was laying off workers, but they could afford to hire Oswald, just more strange set of events. Shields also testified before the Warren Commission in 1964, but none of his above evidence came out in his testimony; the Warren Commission Counselors/attorneys had a real knack for questioning witnesses so to avoid evidence the Warren Commission wanted forgotten.
Coincidentally, the parade route had been changed or determined on the Monday, 11-18-63, a few days prior to 11-22-63 to take the indirect route along Houston and Elm, instead of staying on Main St. in order to get to Stemmons Highway for the Speech Kennedy never gave at the Dallas Trade Mart. According to New Orleans D.A. Jim Garrison, President Kennedy's Motorcade route was changed by Dallas Mayor Cabel on the Thursday evening, 11-21-63, or the night before the Assassination. Garrison supports his claim with a Dallas newspaper of Thursday 11-21-63 that disclosed the motorcade route was scheduled to proceed straight down Main St., to Stemmons Highway at about 45 mph and, therefore, avoiding the two right angle turns at Houston and then on Elm and past the Grassy Knoll and pot shots from the buildings and behind fences that overlooked Dealey Plaza at Kennedy's Limo going 15mph. This documented claim by Garrison's is on "You Tube", "The Killing of the President - Garrison."
Why weren't the Secret Service Agents standing on the custom made bumper of Kennedy's limo? This positioning of two men on foot steps built into the bumper complete with hand rails on the trunk was used to block bullets from the rear from hitting the President. When Kennedy's Limo took a right turn into Houston St., from Main St. the Secret Service agents were ordered by the yell of the S.S. Agent in charge, Emory Roberts, who was in the second car of the President's Motorcade, to "stand off" their post on the bumper. One of the Secret Service agents balked and gestured with his arms and hand palms and expressed that he didn't understand his new orders to desert his post.
The Presidential Limo that John Kennedy drove in to his death that 11-22-63 in Dealey Plaza was a crime scene containing a saturation of physical evidence. The Limo was immediately washed by S.S. agents while it was parked at Parkland Hospital where they had brought Kennedy for medical care. A Dallas Police officer was seen by filming TV cameras investigating the Limo while putting his pencil through a bullet hole in the windshield. Once the Limo and all its evidence started getting too much attention from the press, TV cameras, and hospital employees, the Secret Service moved the Limo out of site. On Monday 11-25-63 the same Limo was sent to Ford Motor Company in Detroit, Michigan where it was "stripped to bare metal and rebuilt".
The Texas newspapers, and in particular the Dallas-Fort Worth newspapers, all reported that weekend of Assassination there was a Conspiracy, a Cross Fire, many shots fired at Kennedy. It was the new President of the U.S. - L. B. J., a Texan, that influenced them to stop any further conspiracy headlines and information.
There was a coupe d'e-tat in the United States on 11-22-1963, that included the murder of one U.S. President. Many government overthrows in history have resulted in blood in the streets caused by massacres of many. The new U.S. President, Lyndon Johnson and his Assassination Co-conspirators, took immediate control and went unchallenged, even by the Press or any U.S. media, so there was no need for further violence. The U.S. Congress smiled and the 9 members of the "U.S. Supreme Court shivered in their boots scared to death". Some would argue that Oswald's death and murder of many of the witnesses that knew too much and would not shut up should also be scored as part of the deaths caused by LBJ's overthrow of the U.S. Government, but those were Assassination cover-up murders.
The C. I. A. and F. B. I. investigated Kennedy's Assassination as is their function. Who else would be used for the investigation? The Warren Commission used the F. B. I. to conduct their actual investigation. It is well settled fact that the C. I. A. has destroyed documentation that they had concerning evidence of John Kennedy's murder and in particular on Lee Harvey Oswald. When the C. I. A. releases documents and investigation reports concerning Kennedy's Assassination they "black out" everything; their alleged disclosures are a waste of time. Various Federal Judges have sealed documents, paperwork, and other JFK Assassination evidence that the U.S. Government has had, and still has, as a result of Federal Court battles over the decades since 1963. All this can only lead a trier of fact, or juror, to reasonably believe that the Government, including the Warren Commission, C. I. A., F. B. I., etc., are hiding something that they don't want anybody to know about. And we are talking about thousands of documents, investigation notes, reports, evidence the various police, intelligence, military, and Agencies of the U.S. Government has either destroyed, "blacked out", or keeps concealed. There is a real problem for the truth finding function (Who Killed Kennedy) when the people that are controlling the investigation of the Murder also caused the murder.
Originally in 1964, all Warren Commission documents were sealed for 75 years.
LBJ's Mistress, Madelin Brown, - Tells it All
One of LBJ's Mistresses, Madelin Brown, is the source of multiple televised disclosures, starting in the late 1980's, as to who had John Kennedy Assassinated. If you want to believe LBJ's 20 year mistress, 1950-1969, then the case is closed. According to Brown, she attended a party in North Dallas on 11-21-63 at Oil Millionaire, Clint Murchinson's house. She stated on several TV shows, including Geraldo Rivera Show and Jack Anderson's "American Expose -Who Murdered JFK" in 1988 and a "Current Affair" in 1992, that H. L. Hunt, J. Edgar Hoover, Clint Murchinson, George Brown, John McCloy and Richard Nixon were all present at Clint Murchinson's house that eve before Kennedy's Assassination. She stated that Lyndon Johnson, then U.S. V.P., arrived late and the mood became tense and the group went into a conference room.
Upon exiting the completed conference Lyndon Johnson told Brown, "those ..... Kennedy's will never embarrass me again, that's not a threat but a promise."
Brown claimed that she spoke to Johnson the morning of the Assassination, 11-22-63, and he repeated the same about the Kennedy's never will embarrass him again.
According to the Dallas Morning News, Nixon was at the Bottlers Convention with actress, Joan Crawford, which was being held in Dallas, Texas' downtown area on 11-21-63. Lyndon Johnson was in Fort Worth ready for the election campaign activities in the Dallas-Fort Worth area on the next day. The same publication claimed, per investigation by insurance investigator, David Perry, that J. Edgar Hoover was in Washington D.C. on 11-21-63.
Brown stated that after the Kennedy Assassination "all Texas thought that LBJ was responsible for having Kennedy killed". She said she asked Johnson, on New Year's Eve of 12-31-63 at a the Adolphus Hotel in Dallas, if he had anything to do with Kennedy's murder and he said, "it was the oil people and the C. I. A" (which is part correct). This interview with Brown was on the Geraldo Rivera TV Show and is available on the Internet.
At a later interview, also on the Internet, Brown said that L.B.J. said, "it was the fat cats, and intelligence".
Amongst other information donated by Ms. Brown on TV shows, all now available on the Internet, she said on Geraldo TV Show, "3 days before assassination the richest man on Earth, H. L. Hunt, was handing out " JFK - Wanted For Treason" posters in Dallas, Texas.
In her book, Texas In the Morning, 1998, Brown said that she witnessed Oswald meeting with Jack Ruby in his Carousel Club prior to the Assassination.
In interview with Jack Anderson on his syndicated program, "American Expose: Who Murdered JFK," Brown claimed she "was in the Carousel Club with other advertising people and Jack Ruby was saying that Lee Harvey Oswald had been in the club and had been bragging that he had taken a shot at Major General Edwin Walker."
During an 80 minute interview with author and lecturer, Robert Gaylord Ross, shortly before her death on June 2002, Brown said, "We were playing poker at the Carousel Club and Jack Ruby came over and said you know what this is? and I looked up...he had this motorcade route.... it stung me that he would be this involved in knowing where the President of the United States was." This interview is also on the Internet.
Per interview on Geraldo Rivera TV Show (available on the Internet), Madelin Brown further stated that she was introduced to Jack Ruby in 1952 by then Congressman LBJ's lawyer Jerome Ragesdale.
In 1950, she had a child, Steve, who was LBJ's son. Her son Steve sued Lady Bird Johnson on June 18, 1987 for $10.5 million claiming that he was entitled to some of the millions that LBJ left to her. He died before the suit ended of lymphatic cancer. Ms. Brown claimed on Geraldo Rivera TV Show in the late 1980's that LBJ supported her and her son. This was confirmed by Barr McClellan that she received regular payments from Johnson via his Brazos-Tenth money laundering corporation.
The Warren Commission never asked for Madelin Brown's testimony.
Brown last spoke to LBJ in 1969; Johnson died in 1973. It was not until 1988 that Madeleine Brown first came forward with information relating to the JFK Assassination, after having a heart attack in February of 1987. In 1987 she expected to die from that heart attack. Other than the evidence that Nixon, Johnson, were in the Dallas - Fort Worth, Texas area available for the 11-21-63 meeting at Clint Muchinson's house, there are no corroborating witnesses or other evidence for her claims about Johnson relating to the JFK Assassination. She disclosed her 20 year LBJ mistress relationship in 1982 at the Dallas Press Club three weeks after Alice Glass publicly disclosed, she too, was an LBJ's mistress., but at that date said nothing that related to the Kennedy Assassination.
More Evidence in Dealey Plaza - Power goes off
H. L. Hunt's under boss, D. H. Byrd, owned the TSBD Building in Dealey Plaza at 1963. Byrd also founded the Civil Air Patrol that both David Ferrie and Lee Harvey Oswald belonged to in the mid-fifties, as per that picture.
General Charles Corbell's brother, Earl Cabell was Mayor of Dallas, Texas on 11-22-63. Some credit the Mayor for changing Kennedy's parade route on 11-22-63 through Dealey Plaza. General Corbell was fired along with Allen Dulles because of the Bay of Pigs Fiasco. General Corbell was C.I.A. Director, Allen Dulles', deputy.
According to Col. Christensen who worked for the Pentagon, all Pentagon secured communications were shutdown the afternoon of 11-22-63. That was the only time in U.S. history that all secured communications of the Pentagon were shut down. Only one person had the power to accomplish this shutdown, the U.S. President. You can see his son's interview on the Web Site on You Tube, "JFK Assassination: A Pentagon Insider says it was not Oswald." Col. Christensen gave this information to his family and his son went public with it after Col. Christensen died. Many people would have known about this shutdown in the Pentagon, but to publicly disclose such information would have resulted in Col. Christensen's or any other Pentagon employees' death.
Journalist and former Associated Press Political Reporter from 1960 through 2001, Walter Mears, was in Washington D.C. that early afternoon of 11-22-63 and stated, per interview now on the Internet, that he could not make a call out of Washington D.C. after the Assassination of John Kennedy. Mears said that for hours all circuits were busy and there was no way to make a call from Washington D.C. that 11-22-63.
While they were busy eliminating Kennedy's protection in Dallas they turned off the telephone system and electricity in Washington D.C.. In Dallas, Texas that early afternoon on 11-22-63, according to Warren Commission Testimony of witness Geneva Hine, who worked on the second floor of the TSBD, "the lights went out and the phone went dead" just before Kennedy's Motorcade traveled down Houston St.. Geneva Hine did not, according to her testimony for the Warren Commission, leave her office to see the Kennedy Motorcade pass through Dealey Plaza, but did testify the electricity and phones went out just as the President's motorcade approached and after the shots killed Kennedy the power came back in short time, W/C Vol. VI, p. 395.
Per Affidavit of Dallas Deputy Sheriff, Luke Mooney, who was standing in front of the Dallas Sheriff's Office on Main St., Dallas when Kennedy's motorcade passed him, Mooney heard shots after the motorcade turned down Elm St. and he ran to the railroad yards behind the Grassy Knoll and was searching that area for Kennedy's Assassins with other Dallas officers, when Sheriff Bill Decker told him and two other officers to surround the TSBD. After closing a gate in the back of the TSBD, Mooney entered the building and got on the freight elevator with two women who wanted to go up to get to their office. As Mooney went up one floor the power to the elevator shut off. Mooney got off the elevator and used the stairs to the 6th floor of the TSBD. Mooney found the cardboard cartons forming what would later be described as a "sniper's nest" on the 6th floor of the TSBD. When Mooney saw the expended rifle shells he yelled to fellow officers that he found the location from which the gun shots had been fired. The empty rifle shells were found lined up 3 in a row and perfectly spaced on the floor under the window of the 6th floor of TSBD, according to Dallas Deputy Sheriff, Roger Craig.
Victoria Adams another TSBD employee stated the reason she and her fellow employees took the stairs when they exited their office when they heard shots fired from the Railroad tracks when the President passed is because the elevator was not working because the power was off. See You Tube - "Photos, movies, strange people around the TSBD." See more on Victoria Adams below under "Lee Harvey at Work TSBD 11-22-63", W/C Vol. VI, p. 391.
Dallas Deputy Sheriff, Luke Mooney, rode in that same TSBD elevator with Victoria Adams and he testified per Affidavit that the electricity went out and that elevator stopped at the second floor of the TSBD and he continued on foot up the staircase to the 6th floor.
V. The Dealey Plaza Eye Witness Professionals - No Evidence of a "Lone Crazed Assassin" in Dealey Plaza
For those who didn't go to school that Friday and were watching TV the afternoon of 11-22-63, you will never forget the evidence that was broadcast over the air waves by the 3 National TV Networks. The TV cameras went into hiding when Kennedy was traveling down Elm St. to his death, but they were working a few seconds later. Actually the TV cameras in Kennedy's motorcade were working during the entire Assassination on Elm St. at the Grassy Knoll, just as the National TV Networks cameras filmed Kennedy's Limo fleeing down Elm St. under the Dealey Plaza Triple Underpass, after the President was shot. You can see those film clips taken seconds after the Assassination on the Internet/"You Tube", but the TV Network films of the JFK Assassination "Disappeared" in order to protect the Guilty.
It is fair to say that the TV cameras were always filming, including the shooting and murder of President Kennedy, but the Authorities "persuaded" the National TV Networks to "play ball," or they would pay a high price, if they ever disclosed their filming of the President's Assassination that 11-22-63. It is absolutely stupid to think that those TV cameras from the 3 National TV Networks that were filming from positions in Kennedy's Motorcade just "coincidentally" stopped their cameras when Kennedy's Limo turned down Elm St. into a hail of bullets in Dealey Plaza.
What did the T.V. cameras document for the world to witness? The citizen parade watchers and Dallas Police, all immediately after the Assassination of Kennedy, and urgently, ran to the Grassy Knoll where the North Pergola sits in Dealey Plaza. The Dallas Police were doing their job and acted valiantly and ran over the Grassy Knoll and behind it, and behind the wooden fence that is connected to the concrete North Pergola and into the parking lot and railroad yard where Lee Bowers sat in the Rail Road Yard Control Tower that he supervised. With the exception of the film footage of Kennedy's Limo traveling down Elm St. into a hail of bullets that the Government convinced the TV networks did not exist, some of the 11-22-63 TV broadcasts before and after the Assassination are, today, on the Internet.
As the Dallas Police marched the 3 Hobos through Dealey Plaza, CBS news anchor, Walter Cronkite, reported on live T.V. that afternoon of 11-22-63 that "those are the killers", "they killed Kennedy". You had to be watching live T.V. that 11-22-63 afternoon because that Cronkite broadcast is nowhere to be found.
And the Dallas Police were not just valiant and fast but also efficient, their pursuit into the Railroad Yard behind the Grassy Knoll and its North Pergola yielded prisoners. Prisoners that the Authorities have since tried to ignore, but it was too late and there were too many photographs and TV pictures/films of the "3 Hobos" the Dallas Police pulled out of a box car in their pursuit over the Grassy Knoll in Dealey Plaza where they saw gun smoke and smelled gunpowder due to the rifle shots they heard come from behind the fence on that same Grassy Knoll. This was damming evidence for the Government and the advocates of the "Lone Crazed Gunman Decree".
The U.S. Press was looking for answers and asked what happened to the 3 Hobos? The 3 Hobos were released by the Dallas Police Dept. within 12 hours after being arrested. The Dallas police claimed they were told by the Secret Service to release the 3 Hobos. The Dallas Police claimed that they did not know the names or any identification for the 3 Hobos and that they took no notes or arrest bookings of these 3 Hobos. Additionally, the new President, LBJ, instructed the Dallas P. D. that they "had their man", Lee Harvey Oswald, that caused the Hobos and 9 other D.P.D. arrestees to be released on 11-22-63 from the charge of murdering the President.
Dallas P.D. - Officer David Harkness documented on page 2 of an F.B.I. report of the re-opened 1992 federal investigation of the 3 Hobos that there were more than 3 individuals removed from the boxcars in the railroad yard. The second page of this F.B.I. report by Harkness is cut off at the bottom possibly causing more evidence to be lost. It should also be noted that this re-opening investigation by the Federal Government of the 3 Hobos found by the Dallas Police in a box car in the railroad yard behind the Grassy Knoll while searching for the Kennedy Assassins occurred after the movie JFK revealed this incident about the 3 Hobos. During the 1992 re-opening investigation these 3 Hobos suddenly, after 30 years, were given names. In 1963, the 3 Hobos were released by the Dallas Police on 11-22-63 from the Dallas jail and the Dallas Police claimed they did not get their names.
Due to the 1992 movie "JFK" which movie included scenes of the 3 Hobos being captured and arrested by the Dallas Police for the murder of Kennedy, the U.S. Government had to deal with the outrage from the American citizenry caused by the renewed evidence of the JFK Assassination. The U.S. Government had the usual solution and invented names for the 3 Hobos 30 years later and tried to convince the unsuspecting citizenry of more of their lies surrounding the truth of the Kennedy Assassination. One of the problems for the Government was that too much time had passed for there to be a credible denial or a valid confirmation of the 3 Hobos who were arrested in the box car behind the Grassy Knoll for the murder of Kennedy and released from the Dallas Jail later that same 11-22-63. Only the Jews make claim of 50 year old identification of white men, who they allege were somehow responsible for the 6 Million that Prime Minister of Propaganda Joseph Goebbels invented during a speech in 1945; the Jews will i. d. white men 50 years and more after World War II ended claiming the man's eyes had not changed and they can make positive identification based on his eye. If it wasn't Goebbels, who was the source of the Jewish 6million, what is the source? The Nuremberg Trials that the Allied Forces held in the late 1940's do not confirm 6 million Jews were killed During World War II via alleged extermination. The U.N. did a study immediately after World War II and found that the Jews suffered losses in the same proportion as all other races in Europe. It took from 1939 -1945 for the Germans to lose 6million dead, including both civilians and military, while the Germans were fighting what had become a "War of Attrition" on Three Fronts; Germany's civilian population was bombed day and night for the last 3 years of World War II and suffered losses of over 100,000 civilians in single bombing raids by the British and U.S. Air Forces in cities like Dresden. Most historical sources make claim that Jews were not targeted (rounded up to be used for slave labor) by the Nazis until the war turned in 1943 and by January of 1945 all Poland, where the slave labor camps were located, was overrun by the U.S.S.R. In other words, it takes a different set of facts than what the Jews experienced in World War II, via slave labor camps, to kill 6 million people. The logistics involved to exterminate the alleged 6 million that Goebbels made up for Propaganda purposes would be impossible in such short time, regardless if you use a time period of 2 years of 5 years. Most Jews' deaths during World War II were caused by the same reasons as other races, bombs and starvation.
The International Red Cross was allowed by the Germans to be present in those Slave Labor camps and the Red Cross documents only 71K Jews died in those Slave Labor Camps.
As WBZ Boston Radio talk master, David Brudnoy stated many times during his nightly radio show, "as a P.H.D. in history, a Jew, and a history Professor at Boston University, I must be intellectually honest and admit there is no historic evidence that 6 million Jews were killed let alone exterminated during World War II."
It was reported on CBS TV that the Dallas Police stopped riflemen and a man with a machine gun covered by his overcoat on the Grassy Knoll, but let them go because they had Secret Service identification. Later, the Secret Service would deny that any of their agents were in any location on or behind the Grassy Knoll. Somebody was lying and it wasn't the Dallas cops on the Grassy Knoll. CBS news anchor, Walter Cronkite, reported on 11-22-63 that "Secret Service Agents report shots from an automatic rifle from the Grassy Hill." These CBS news reports are on the Internet.
News reporters in Dealey Plaza heard automatic weapon fire.
Dallas Police Officer, Joe M. Smith, ran up the Grassy Knoll and behind the wooden fence to encounter a man with a machine gun under an overcoat that he had draped over his arm. The gunman flashed a Secret Service badge, according to officer Smith, who exercised professional courtesy and let the alleged Secret Service Agent go on his way. Unbelievably, this encounter with Officer Smith and the machine gun totting SS Agent got filmed by a TV cameraman and is on the Internet! See You Tube - " (59:47) Evidence of Revision - JFK Assassination Rarities" @ 49:30.
There were a reported 51- 60 parade watching citizens that ran to the Grassy Knoll after the shots rang out to kill the President. These parade watchers and the Dallas Police were filmed running towards the Grassy Knoll and continuing to search for the gunmen, who they said, per interviews, fired from behind the fence in the parking lot that runs into a railroad yard behind the Grassy Knoll at Dealey Plaza's North Pergola. Originally, on that afternoon of 11-22-63, the TV networks broadcast the police and citizen parade watchers running to the Grassy Knoll and the Internet is complete with that film footage of all 3 TV Networks. There are also some amateur films that the Federal Agents did not destroy but returned that disclosed the same mass of parade watchers and Dallas police running up and behind the Grassy Knoll into the Parking Lot in search of the gunmen. If you watch those films it looks like a lot more than 60 parade watchers ran to and behind the Grassy Knoll and behind it into the parking lot.
Dallas motorcycle police officer, James Chaney, was one of the motorcycle cops traveling behind Kennedy's Limo when it traveled down Elm St.. Chaney said, "Kennedy was struck in the face (from the front) by a bullet.
Dallas Motorcycle cop Bobby Hargis, who also traveled behind the Presidential Limousine down Elm St. also produced evidence that Kennedy was hit by bullets fired from in front of the Limousine. Per Hargis W/C testimony ???, Hargis testified that "the blow back from Kennedy's brain and skull parts almost knocked him over the impact was so powerful". This is evidence Kennedy's wound in the back of his head was an exit wound and the bullet carried Kennedy's head parts in its path out the rear of Kennedy's head because the bullet hit Kennedy in the front of the head.
1 of 3 Warren Commission Bullets had to go to Parade Watcher, James Tague
Dallas Deputy Sheriff detective - Buddy Walthers was watching the Kennedy Motorcade in front of the Dallas Sheriff's Office on Houston St. while on duty that 11-22-63. Per his report of 11-22-63, Walthers heard a rifle shot and ran west across Houston St., and across Elm St. to the railroad yards. He heard 2 more shots that he thought also came from a rifle. He saw other police officers also run to the railroad yard and he "continued to the Triple Underpass on Elm St. in and effort to locate possible marks left by stray bullets." At this point Walther's saw a man, James Tague, who was bleeding from his face as a result of being hit by either a bullet fragment or curb stone dislodged by a bullet. Tague was standing on the median strip between Main St. and Elm St. at the Triple Underpass watching Kennedy's motorcade approach down Elm St. when he got hit in the face. Upon examining a curb and pavement in the area, Walthers found a bullet had "splattered" on the top edge of the curb on Main St. (Main St. is one the three roads running under the Triple Underpass). Walther's stated his opinion was that the bullet came from behind Kennedy and was fired to high.
Walthers is shown in a picture taken of Dealey Plaza immediately after the Assassination looking at a bullet, while a neatly dressed blond man is bending down to pick it up out of the grass turf that had been uprooted by the stray bullet, and putting it in his pocket. That blond man was an F.B.I. agent named Russell. Walthers initially stated that a bullet was found as dug out of the disturbed turf by one of the two unidentified men in the picture with Walthers. The bullet was never seen again. The Warren Commission never asked Walthers about the bullet or about the blond man and his associate.
Walthers would later change his mind and claim that it wasn't a bullet that was found in the grass turf but part of Kennedy's brain. Walthers took part in the search of Ruth Paine's house on 11-22-63 were Marina Oswald had been living. Walthers told author, Eric Tagg, that they "found six or seven metal filing cabinets full of letters, maps, records, and index cards with names of Pro-Castro sympathizers." Those 7 file cabinets disappeared, like so much of other evidence surrounding the JFK Assasination, and the contents of those same file cabinets were never recorded.
Walthers was also involved in another piece of evidence surrounding the Kennedy Assassination. Via his investigation, Walthers learned about an Alpha 66 meeting at a house on Harlendale Ave., Dallas in the fall of 1963. Alpha 66 was a group of Cuban Refugees ready to invade Castro's Communist Cuba and take back their home land and stolen assets. Yes sir, Buddy was everywhere during the post- JfK Assassination Dallas, Texas Era, but Garrison got wind of this source of evidence and ironically Walthers didn't last long.
New Orleans District Attorney Jim Garrison made attempts to get Walthers to testify at the Clay Shaw trial. In June of 1968, Walthers reported a bombing outside his home in Oak Cliff. Some believe that was a warning for Walthers not to talk to investigators such as Garrison about what he knew about the Kennedy Assassination. The Shaw trial was due to take place in February of 1969. On January 10, 1969 Walthers was sent by Dallas Sheriff Bill Decker with partner, Alvin Maddox, to a motel to question an escaped convict and suspect in a double murder by the name of Walter Cherry. Cherry shot Walthers dead when he entered the motel room.
Dallas Sheriff Bill Decker was in the posse that ambushed and killed Clyde Barrow and Bonnie Parker in the mid- 1930's. It's a small world, even then.
Lee Bowers - Watched the JFK Assassination in the R.R. Tower behind the Grassy Knoll
Union Tower Terminal Co. railroad yard controller, Lee Bowers, had direct view of everything that transpired behind the fence which sits on the Grassy Knoll. That's right, Bowers had an unobstructed view of the gunmen behind the fence on the Grassy Knoll because he was in the railroad tower north of the parking lot that bordered the fence on the back side of the Grassy Knoll that fronted Elm St.. Bowers evidence was damming to the Government's cause of a "Lone Crazed Gunman". Lee Bowers stated, per interview with Mark Lane, he saw three cars prowling the parking lot that bordered the back side of the Grassy Knoll, all at different intervals just prior to the Assassination. These 3 cars came into the parking lot from the service road that runs in front of the TSBD and connects to Elm St.. Bowers said the parking lot had been cordoned off/blocked to traffic that day, so these 3 cars were all the more conspicuous. He further stated in that interview with Mark Lane during the mid-1960's that as each car traveled the perimeter of the parking lot he noticed that each car looked like it had been driving off-road because there was mud all over each car up to the windows. Additionally, two of the cars had out of state plates and one of the drivers seemed to be talking into a radio as he cruised the parking lot. The last car traveled to the area where a group of men where congregated behind the picket fence on the south side of the parking lot that overlooks the Grassy Knoll and Elm St.. Bowers, also stated, he saw the several men congregated at the fence looking out over the Grassy Knoll when the Assassination occurred. He stated that "something caught my eye at the fence." Bowers stated that he saw a "flash of light" and a "commotion" and "unusual occurrence took place." "50 cops sealed off the area in 3-5 minutes". "It was mass confusion", after the shots from the fence. Bowers was in the Railroad Controll Tower which was in direct line with riflemen behind the fence, who fired when Kennedy passed the Grassy Knoll on Elm St., Dealey Plaza. This interview taken in the mid -1960's by Researcher Mark Lane is on "You Tube".
The Warren Commission had more evidence from Lee Bowers, via the F.B.I., but tried to conceal that mult-page F.B.I. report in the "Warren Commission Documents". The massive collection of 'Warren Commission Documents" was not included in the 26 Volumes that accompanied the 888 page Warren Report; the "Warren Commission Documents" was a place the Government used to hide some of the evidence that had not been destroyed but they wanted to conceal. But if you go to Mary Ferrell's Web Site (www.maryferrell.org) you too can locate those "Warren Commission Documents" and the Warren Commission Exhibits, and Transcripts. Per Warren Commission Document # 1467 Bowers told the F.B.I. that those 3 cars he saw enter the parking lot were gone after Kennedy was Assassinated. The rest of that Warren Commission Document #1467contains mostly complaints by Bowers to the F.B.I. about people calling his residence in attempt to see how much of what he witnessed he was disclosing to the rest of the World. The Co-Conspirators had a real problem with this very credible witness, Lee Bowers, who saw the whole Assassination and some of its riflemen at the fence that overlooked the Grassy Knoll and Elm St.
So they killed him.
3 months after being interviewed by Mark Lane, Bowers was dead in a incident surrounded by contradictions and mystery. No autopsy and the death certificate is forever missing. According to Assassination Researcher and former A. R. R. B. (Assassination Records Review Board) investigator, Robert Groden, eye witnesses saw Bowers car driven off the highway by a black car. Bowers did not die immediately and told the ambulance drivers that he felt he had been drugged at the coffee shop he had just stopped at before getting on the highway.
Lee Bowers gave an initial Affidavit. The Warren Commission would not let Bowers testify about what he saw behind the fence, but interrupted him with questions about other issues and cut him off when he was about to give evidence that contradicted the Government's Lone Crazed Assassin..
A friend of Lee Bowers, Walter Rischel, stated, via interview with Mark Lane, after Bowers death, that Bowers had been missing for a couple of days after being interviewed by Mark Lane. Rischel was firm that Bowers was not a person to be missing without good reason. Rischel further stated that at this point in time, after the two day disappearance, that Lee Bowers was missing a finger. Bowers wife checked area hospitals to find out if he had gone for treatment but the answer was negative.
Walter Rischel, per interview with Mark Lane, said that Bowers stated that he saw one of the cars pull up to the men at the wooden fence at the south side of the parking lot and it looked to him like they were unloading two rifles. Rischel went on to say that Bowers told him that he saw two men fire rifles from the fence and he saw the gun smoke.
According to JFK Assassination Author Richard Gilbride (2009) in his book "Matrix for Assassination: JFK Conspiracy", Lee Bowers told his Supervisor, Olan De Gaugh, at the Union Terminal Co. that he "saw a man in the parking lot throw what appeared to be a rifle into the car".
According to Mark Lane, Bowers also told his minister that he saw more than what he told the Warren Commission and Dallas Police.
Per interview with Penn Jones Jr., a well known journalist of the 1960's and one of the first to print doubt about the 'Lone Crazed Gunman Decree", Bowers told him that he saw 2 gunmen firing at the President from behind the fence on the Grassy Knoll.
If the gun shots that hit Kennedy all came from the 6th floor of the TSBD, it would not have resulted in so many witnesses, who were in the proximity to where Kennedy was shot on Elm St. and the Grassy Knoll/Pergola smelling gun powder, seeing gunsmoke rise over the fence on the Grassy Knoll, and hearing gun shots come from behind the fence that sits on the Grassy Knoll. And to be fair, it should be mentioned that gun powder at that date of 1963 was smokeless like it was in the 1980's to this Web Site's best knowledge. "Smokeless", unless the gun manufacturer, in this case Remington and its Fireball 100, makes their ammunition so it causes a flash and gun smoke.
Senator Ralph Yarborough was sure that he smelt gun powder in Dealey Plaza at the time Kennedy was killed, as he followed down Elm St. in the car with L.B.J. behind Kennedy's Limo. Ya, that's the same black Cadillac that had all the Secret Service Agents protecting the passengers, none whom were the President.
They Didn't Call it a Fireball for Nothin'
Both Charles Nicolletti and James Files claimed that a "Remington Fireball" was used to Assassinate Kennedy from the Grassy Knoll. The "Remington Fireball 100" was a single shot Bolt action firearm that could best be described as a long pistol; it was long enough to mount a quality scope on it. The first models of the Fireball 100 that Remington manufactured in 1962-1963 used a .222 caliber bullet which caused gun smoke in the 10 3/4" barrel. Later, Remington decided the best ammunition for the Fireball 100 was a .221 caliber that eliminated the gun smoke problem, but sacrificed a 150 fps in projectile speed. It was the original .222 rifle bullet that caused an incomplete burning of the gunpowder and yes, Gun Smoke.
Most men that live by the gun will tell you that "pullin' the trigger don't cause no gun smoke". Matt Dillion's Gunsmoke was back in the late 1800's. Muskets of the American Revolution and still not so current, the American Civil War, came complete with muskets and even cap and ball pistols that when fired let off smoke. With the invention of cartridge bullet ammunition this all started to change and normally no manufacturer would produce, in 1963, and decades before, firearms that produced gun smoke. Gun smoke is not something that is desirable and presumed by men, who use guns, not to be a factor when pulling the trigger.
Did Files, Nicoletti, or Roselli kill Kennedy? James Files claims the trio was responsible, but it's not that easy to assign guilt to the "trigger puller" that was behind the picket fence on the Grassy Knoll where the gun smoke was seen by scores of parade watchers and police, who pursued the Assassins in the direction of the gun smoke, as well as, gun shot noise. The Fireball 100 would have been the right weapon at the close distance the Assassin shot from behind the fence on the Grassy Knoll because it was half the length of a sniper's rifle which helped to limit detection and aided in concealing the murder weapon during "get away". Was it just a case of the 3 gangsters knowing about the gun smoke being reported at the fence and also knowing that a Remington Fireball 100 was the rare firearm that would have had the characteristics that fit the bill? Or, did they learn even more through the grapevine about the Assassination and its tools. By the time they started talking four decades had past. Files has been in prison and the sentence he received for attempting to murder two cops will probably keep him in prison until his death, so he has nothing to lose and every bit of fame and money to gain. All know they will never be put on trial. John Roselli was murdered in `79 when he was subpoenaed to testify before the HSCA, as was Charles Nicoletti in 1977. The Italian Mafia and U.S. Crime Syndicate have never been known to have or use sophisticated riflemen to do their murdering/executions; those 2 groups have always relied on the ambush and killing at close distance, including the garrote, knife, Cyanide Gas, pistol shot at close distance (like Ruby killed Lee Harvey Oswald). Maybe U.S. Gangsters did recruit one of their own made men or a hired gun to shoot Kennedy in Dealey Plaza, and maybe that rifleman fired that first shot that also missed Kennedy, or one of the many other shots fired at Kennedy that missed.
More Witnesses Accounts.
You can go to the Internet and get film clips of Walter Cronkite (a staunch advocate of the "Lone Gunman Decree", as are all high paid news media people or they will be fired), early that afternoon of 11-22-63, reporting that the killing bullet that hit John Kennedy "came out the back of his head" (an exit wound). Meaning that bullet shot entered from the front of the President's head which is totally contrary to the Warren Commission's finding that all shots came from rear via the 6th floor window of the TSBD.
Texas Governor, John Connally and his wife, who rode in the middle of Kennedy's Limo that day in Dallas, both confirm that the Governor was hit by a different bullet than the bullets that shot Kennedy. Connally and his wife, Nellie, even years later, refused to change their testimony and adopt Warren Commission Investigator Specter's "Magic Bullet" lie. Governor Connally claimed two gunmen were responsible because he insisted the first two shots were rapid fire that could not have come from the same bolt action rifle the Warren Commission claimed the "lone crazed gunman" used; the Warren Commission fabricated that Connally was hit by one of two bullets that hit Kennedy and that "Magic Bullet" traveled out Kennedy's neck and hit Connally causing multiple wounds to Connally. The Connallys were sure of 3 shots and all 3 hit, so no "Magic Bullet". And what did Connally say when he was getting shot in the Presidential Limo? "They are going to kill us both."
According to analysis of the Zapruder Film by Robert Gorden, a well known JFK Assassination Researcher, on a Web Site on You Tube, "JFK Assassinated by the C. I. A.", Governor Connally was still holding his Cowboy hat in his right hand after Kennedy was hit by the first shot through the throat. So the Magic Bullet theory of the Warren Commission is wrong because it claims that first shot additionally went through Connally's wrist. But it turned out that the bullet that hit Connally in the wrist severed the tendon to his right thumb, so he could not have kept holding the hat, if he was first hit by the same bullet that went through Kennedy's throat that was the Warren Commission's "Magic Bullet" CE 399.
Secret Service Agent, Clint Hill (SS agent who ran and jumped on the bumper of Kennedy's Limo after President shot) made the mistake of instantly stating that the back of Kennedy's head was "blown out causing a hole as big as his fist", that "the back of Kennedy's head was missing". Later Kennedy's brain would be stolen never to be recovered in order to hide the evidence that the "Magic Bullet" lie tried to cover up. If the back of Kennedy's head was blown out and not the front, then the back of Kennedy's head was an exit wound and he was hit from the front which is the opposite of the Warren Commission's Proclamation of all shots from the back out of the 6th floor window of the TSBD.
Secret Service Agent Roy Kellerman, who was seated in the front passenger seat of President Kennedy's Limo on 11-22-63, stated that after the first shot, "Kennedy said, "my God I'm hit"". There is no debate, if you watch the Zapruder Film, that Kennedy got hit before Connally by a different bullet. John Kennedy had that Boston Accent, so it is all the more certain that Kellerman was right in identifying the person yelling, "my God I'm hit", as Kennedy. But the bigger point is that the first shot that hit Kennedy must have been one of those holes in his back that are depicted on the hospital autopsy photos that escaped the authorities before they could be destroyed. Kennedy could not have responded verbally, if the first shot Kellerman heard him respond to was in the throat. If you watch the Zapruder film it looks like the first shot that hit Kennedy entered his throat, but he could not have been responding in words that could be understood, if he had been hit in throat. That Stemmons Highway sign in front of the Grassy Knoll/North Pergola on Elm St. may have blocked Kennedy's physical body motion to that first back shot, via the Zupruder Film, that Kellerman heard Kennedy respond to, and/or that may have been part of the evidence the C.I.A. was concealing on the Zapruder film causing the Zapruder film to be altered; too many bullets, including a bullet to Kennedy's back, destroys the Warren Commission's "Lone Crazed Gunman Decree" of 3 fired shots by a Lone Assassin. The Warren Commission claimed only 2 of those 3 bullets hit Kennedy.
Kellerman (side view of Kellerman front passenger seat of Presidential Limo) also testified to the Warren Commission, "I am going to say that I have, from the firecracker report and the two other shots that I know, those were three shots. But, if the President had from all reports four wounds, Governor Connally three, there have got to be more than three shots, gentlemen."
Kellerman further testified to the Warren Commission that after he "remembered hearing the first audible muzzle blast or mechanically suppressed fired bullet bow shockwave, the assassination then ended in a "flurry of shells" coming into the limousine that reminded him of jet sonic-boom sound quickness." Yes sir boys and girls under all that excess verbiage, so as to not be to direct and upset the Authorities, Kellerman was testifying that at least one silencer was used and that there was a "turkey shoot" or a "Cross Fire" in Dealey Plaza.
Kenneth O' Donnell was President Kennedy's aid and was in the car behind the Presidential Limo while it traveled through Dallas' Dealey Plaza. O' Donnell stated that the shots came from the "Grassy Knoll". However, O' Donnell testified differently at the Warren Commission and said that Kennedy was hit from behind. O' Donnell told U.S. Congressman Tip O' Neil, a fellow Massachusetts Irishman, that he originally told the F. B. I. that "all the shots that hit Kennedy came from the front and from behind the fence on the Grassy Knoll". But O'Donnell explained, "The F. B. I. said that it couldn't have happened that way and that I must have been imagining things, so I testified the way the F. B. I. wanted me to" (and said that shots came from the back). O' Donnell told O' Neil, "I just didn't want to stir up any more pain and trouble for the family (Kennedy family)." The F. B. I. was successful in covering up evidence and intimidating this witness who had a career to protect.
Tip O' Neil then got O' Donnell's story corroborated by David F. Powers, who was also in the car behind Kennedy's Limo in the motorcade. Powers confirmed that the gun shots that hit Kennedy came from behind the fence that sat at the top of the "Grassy Knoll". O' Neil stated that he thought only crackpots would even suggest that John Kennedy's Assassination was the work of more than one, but Conspirators, but after hearing O' Donnell and Powers confirm the shots came from the fence and that the F. B. I. coerced them to change their testimony, he wasn't so sure. O' Neil isn't a red badge of courage either, he waited to publish this evidence that O' Donnell covered - up, because he was fearful for his future, until 1987 when Tip O' Neil wrote a book, "Man in the House." This was well after O' Neil's career was over and he was about 90 years old and nobody could harm his future. O'Donnell died in 1977, so the information O' Neil got from O' Donnell at a restaurant, Jimmy's Harbor Side on the Boston waterfront, while dining was probably in the late 1960's.
This is the problem with alleged leaders, like Irish O' Neil, and controversies that can affect their careers, future and pocket books. O' Donnell and Powers were just gutless "yes men", but O' Neil had some courage to speak up and print the little he claimed to know was backwards about the investigation of John Kennedy's assassination. Here was a U.S. Congressman, who had way more resources and channels of information than the average citizen and that's all he would say while the evidence from day one of the Assassination was overpowering and growing everyday that everything the police and Government were saying about Kennedy's murder was at least doubtful. If Irish O'Neil couldn't get the energy to use government resources that were available to realize something was drastically wrong about the Warren Commission's "Lone Gunman Proclamation", then, he could have read books published by Researchers like Mark Lane and watched his 1966 movie, "Rush to Judgment", that documented irrefutable evidence that the Government he was part of was lying about the murder of the U.S. President in 1963.
The reason why "they" (LBJ and Coconspirators) got away with murdering John Kennedy is that the elected politicians and Government leaders are cowards only concerned with their own best interest. And it is much worse in 2013 than the 1960's.
Malcolm Kilduff was a Kennedy aid and indicated, per interview and Press Conference on the afternoon of 11-22-63, that Kennedy was hit in the right-front temple as indicated by Kilduff's pointing index finger. That interview is available on the Internet.
Hale Boggs, Congressman from Louisiana, and Warren Commissioner, spoke out in the late 1960's when he got too much information and evidence that the Warren Report was wrong. Boggs suggested that the Government's Investigation of John Kennedy's murder should be re-opened. He was sent by President Richard Nixon in 1972 on a fact finding trip to the Alaskan Pipeline and his jet went down on October 16, 1972 with scores of other passengers in the Alaskan Wilderness. That jet was never found. Ultra left wing and apologetically politically correct, Cokie Roberts, of ABC's This Week is Hale Boggs' daughter. Cokie knows who "butters her bread" and she knows she can be easily replaced, unlike her brave father, she conforms to her Jewish Masters and their New World Order Social Design Policies.
What did Jackie Kennedy say? This poor woman had to witness the brains of her husband blown out all over the trunk lid of the Lincoln, she was covered with his blood. The media reported Jackie said, "Oh, No!" Per testimony of Mrs. Connally, Jackie said, "They shot Jack!" This same former wife of a President would be interviewed at a dock next to her second husband's freighter and tell CBS news, "I'm leaving America before 'They Kill my Children!" Jackie married Aristotle Socrates Onassis in 1968 a few months after Robert Kennedy was murdered. Aristotle Onassis would die a few years later, but Jackie O would be prevented from getting a huge inheritance due to the control of daughter Christiana Onassis over the crooked Greek Courts. Jackie made her fortune by investing in silver when she was alerted by "friend" Maurice Templesman (aka Maurice Talisman) of the Hunt Brother's plan to corner the silver market in 1980. Jackie finally made her fortune to become a bonafide jet setter, while the Hunts went to prison for illegally cornering the silver market. She quadrupled her $26Million that she salvaged from Onassis via the Greek Courts into $100,000,000.00 in 1980 real dollars. She had to pay short term capital gains and could have done much better investing in Microsoft or Dome Petroleum, Intel or Hewlett Packard in 1980.
Templesman's foreknowledge of the Hunts' plan is just more proof that the U.S. financial markets are rigged. You guessed it, Templesman was a Jew. The Jew "front - runs" every financial market, if he isn't already in on the "inside information."
Not only did Jackie flee the U.S. to save her children but to escape the U.S. Secret Service. Kennedy could not have been murdered, if the Secret Service was not in on the Assassination. Kennedy was surrounded by S.S. agents, but they offered him no protection at all. The Secret Service were required by law to protect Jackie Kennedy and her children after they helped murder her husband. Jackie Kennedy must have been relieved to escape her captors, the Secret Service, once she fled the Americas on Onassis' freighter.
Jackie, during the remainder of 11-22-63, left her husband's blood on her clothes saying she "wanted the world to see what "they" did to Jack".
U.S. Senator-Texas, Ralph Yarborough, who was in the second car behind Kennedy's Limo in the Presidential motorcade stated per interview that Jackie Kennedy exclaimed, "they murdered my husband", "they murdered my husband", while she was seated in the Presidential Limo when it pulled up to Parkland Hospital. It must have been a terribly helpless experience for that woman to know that they "ganged up" on her husband with impunity and disposed of him with bullets in the head in plain daylight.
At this date of 2013, the Internet provides access to witnesses of the Kennedy Assassination all documented/filmed per instant mid 1960's testimony. These filmed interviews of witnesses taken in 1963 are not in short supply, but are plentiful. Too many people spoke to fast and their filmed interviewed statements regarding evidence surrounding President Kennedy's Assassination are, now, forever captured on the Internet. After all, they thought they were doing the right thing, some would not shut up and die for it, other witnesses were deliberately avoided by the Government's Bureaucrats, the Warren Commission. Yet, others would tell the truth and testify before the Warren Commission and the Commission would misstate their testimony in order to validate the "Lone Crazed Gunman Lie". How many times over the decades have the U.S. media mislead the U.S. citizenry that there were no witnesses to shooters behind the fence on the Grassy Knoll? Many times they try to convince the U.S. audience that lone Oswald did it from the 6th floor of the TSBD.
VI. Citizen Witnesses Documented Testimony - Truthful Concerned Citizens with No Reason to Lie about the Dealey Plaza Assassination
Amongst the best eye witnesses to John Kennedy's Assassination on Elm St., Dallas Texas were the railroad workers, who were working that 11-22-63 on the railroad that runs over the Triple Underpass about 100' west of Dealey's North Pergola which sits on the Grassy Knoll. Railroad yard Controller, Lee Bowers, saw an unobstructed back view of the riflemen and support team located behind the fence on the Grassy Knoll and died for it. But Railroad Signal Supervisor, S. M. Holland, lived, as did the 8 other men that worked with him that day on the railroad signal system that ran over the famed Triple Underpass which Elm St. traveled beneath after passing the Grassy Knoll.
S. M. Holland testified at the Warren Commission as he stated during taped interview with the press and Assassination Researches. Holland stated he was working supervising a group of men when 4 gun shots were fired from behind the fence on the Grassy Knoll. S. M. Holland testified he saw a "puff of smoke" rise from the fence where the 4 shots came from. S. M. Holland stated that 6-8 of his fellow railroad employees that he supervised ran to the same fence that is attached to the North Pergola on the Grassy Knoll because "that's where the shots came from" that ambushed Kennedy. Holland also testified he saw two Dallas motorcycle cops go after the shooters behind the fence on the Grassy Knoll. Holland continued, "that there were 40-50 people searching in the parking lot and railroad yard behind the Grassy Knoll and fence."
Supervisor, Holland, in filmed interview with author and Researcher, Mark Lane, after the Warren Commission Report was issued, stated there was no doubt in his mind about what he saw and as he testified. Holland stated, "the Warren Commission was Wrong". The Warren Commission twisted Holland's testimony falsely to support their "Lone Crazed Gunman" shooting from behind JFK in the 6th floor window of the TSBD.
Marilyn Sitzman was standing next to Abraham Zapruder (Zapruder pointing where bullet hit JFK, on Dallas TV interview on the afternoon of 11-22-63) when Kennedy's Limo traveled down Elm St., past the North Pergola which sits at the top of the "Grassy Knoll". Sitzman worked for Zapruder and was holding on to Zapruder to insure the older man didn't fall off the concrete retaining wall perch he stood on to film Kennedy and his Presidential Motorcade from the North Pergola on the Grassy Knoll. Sitzman stated that after Kennedy was hit a "swam of people immediately ran up and behind the "Grassy Knoll" and into the parking lot" behind the Grassy Knoll, the Pergola, and wooden picket fence that abutted the concrete Pergola. Sitzman said she immediately, after the gun shots hit Kennedy, spoke to men she assumed were C.I.A. and F. B. I.; these assumed federal agents were on the "Grassy Knoll" and they asked Sitzman what happened? Sitzman stated, she replied, "they killed him". Sitzman claims per 11-26-66 taped interview with author Assassination Researcher, Josiah Thompson, that she does not remember telling, June Harris, the shots went right past her head on her right side as she observed Kennedy while standing on the end of the Pergola nearest the fence.
Sitzman lived.
J.C. Price, the maintenance man at the Terminal Annex Building (the Post Office Building), was sitting on the roof of the Terminal Annex Building in Dealey Plaza overlooking the Triple Underpass and Elm St. and President Kennedy's Parade from the South side of Dealey Plaza. Per interview with reporters in 1963, he stated "the shots came from the Railroad that runs over the Triple Underpass" that Elm St. runs under. After the shots that killed Kennedy, "he saw a man running through the parking lot behind the "Grassy Knoll"". Price acknowledged, during that 1963 interview which anyone can now watch on the Internet, that the Dallas Police and Federal Authorities were claiming the shots came from the TSBD. Price, a man about 60 at 1963, almost started laughing and said "you couldn't sell me on it". J.C. Price was also interviewed by Mark Lane and disclosed the same account of facts. Both these interviews taken in the mid-1960's are on the Internet. J.C. Price was not invited to testify by the Warren Commission.
James L. Simmons was a railroad car inspector employee who worked with S. M. Holland on that 11-22-63. These two Union Terminal Railroad employees were interviewed by Mark Lane; the original interview taken in the 1960's is on You Tube, via the World Free Internet. Simmons stated he was an 11 year Union Terminal Railroad employee and was working at and standing on the Elm St. Triple Underpass at Dealey Plaza on 11-22-63. Simmons also stated he was working with a group of railroad employees and 2 Dallas cops were also standing with them on the railroad bed.
Simmons stated he "heard a large firecracker or gunshot" when the President's Limo was turning into Elm St.. He stated that "more gun shots came from his left and in front of the wooden fence". Simmons further stated that he "saw gun smoke rise over the fence" under the tree that overhangs fence on the Grassy Knoll. Simmons with Dallas patrolman, Pat Foster, "ran behind the wooden fence and found footprints in the mud and footprints on the 2x4 railing of the fence". Simmons stated he told the Dallas police the same account of facts one month later, as well as, the F.B.I.
Simmons said he was never called to testify by the Warren Commission and he does not appear in the Warren Commission's index according to Mark Lane. When researcher, Mark Lane, asked Simmons if he thought something was wrong because the Warren Commission never called him to testify he said, "I thought it was peculiar, but I thought that was the way they did business".
Richard C. Dodd was another railroad employee interviewed by Mark Lane and his interview taken in the mid-1960's is on You Tube via the World Free Internet. Dodd stated that he was with 3 other railroad workers on the Dealey Plaza Triple Underpass. He said he was standing with supervisor S. M. Holland on the Triple Underpass when he "heard gun shots and saw smoke come from behind a hedge on the North Side Plaza". He and "a motorcycle cop with his gun pulled ran to the hedge". Dodd said he "ran north to the hedge and found cigarette butts and footprints where someone was standing on a bumper of a vehicle next to fence." The "North Side Plaza" is another name for the North Pergola and the Grassy Knoll it sits on.
Dodd was questioned by Secret Service Agents while in the parking lot behind fence and hedge area. He was never called by the Warren Commission. Mark Lane points out that in the 888 pages produced by the Warren Commission Dodd is not mentioned.
Jean Hill was a school teacher at 1963 and was recorded with her friend Mary Moorman on the Zapruder film watching the Kennedy parade in Dealey Plaza on 11-22-63. It is undisputed that Hill and Moorman were within twenty feet of Kennedy's Limo on the south side of Elm St. across the street from the Grassy Knoll when the shots hit Kennedy as Kennedy's car was passing the Grassy Knoll. This woman's instant interview statements with NBC from 1963 are easily accessible on the Internet. Jean Hill like so many citizens, who stepped forward to help with the information and evidence she witnessed lived to regret it. Jean Hill stated on NBC TV interview that she heard 2 shots which she then saw Kennedy was hit in the throat and then she heard 3-4 more shots." Jean Hill stated, "the shots came across the street from us", "shots came from the hill", she further said, "she thought she saw a man running". Jean Hill stated on that filmed interview, now on the Internet, that "she started running towards the hill". Hill was apprehended by two Secret Service Agents when she ran across Elm St. to the Grassy Knoll. The two men presented Secret Service identification and grabbed her by the neck asking for the pictures. They forced her against her will to an office in the "Records Building" on Houston St. that overlooked the Assassination location. There she was "interviewed" by two men who were F.B.I.. Jean Hill said, "the F. B. I. tried to convince me that I did not see and hear as I claimed, that the F. B. I. wanted me to change my statements and instant memory and entire experience." The F. B. I. insisted there were only 3 shots and that she heard echoes. She was not tricked because her father was a game warden and she had been familiar with rifles and guns all her life. Jean Hill stated the F. B. I. was "everywhere" after 11-22-63, and she almost lost her job as a school teacher. Her boss, the principal at the school were she taught, told her it was best if she did not talk about Kennedy's Assassination anymore. She told interviewer, Attorney Mark Lane, in 1965, she didn't want to get involved again in fear of more Government interference with her life. She told Lane that she did not want the F. B. I. here anymore because she had two children to support and wanted to keep her teaching job.
This woman and her friend Mary Moorman were watched by the media, and others including Assassination Researchers, until she died in 2000 at 71, to try to make sure she was not killed by the government like so many other witnesses.
Jean Hill was afraid of the government and expressed her fear of being killed like so many of the witnesses who came forward and gave evidence that negated the government's Lone Gunman Decree. Hill was particularly aware of what Tippit's murder witness, Warren Reynolds, got for his good citizenship and refusal to change his instant observation and continued insistence that Lee Harvey Oswald was not the guy he saw flee Dallas cop Tippit's murder scene. Reynolds took a bullet in the head from an unknown assailant, and survived, and then decided it made good sense to change his testimony and at the Warren Commission testified that "Oswald did it".
Jean Hill received death threats about the book she wrote and was published in 1992; per interview she was told, "don't say anything."
The F.B.I. Command Center in Dealey Plaza
The most stunning testimony donated by Jean Hill, an American, was that she was immediately grabbed by Federal Agents who knew where the photos of the Assassination were being taken from in Dealey Plaza. Jean Hill did not have the camera or pictures, but her fried Mary Moorman did. Outrageously, the F.B.I. brought Hill to an office in the "Records Building" on Houston St. that overlooked the area in Dealey Plaza/Elm St. where the Assassination just occurred. Well, there's a reason the Government was able to grab all the photos, films, and cameras that memorialized/recorded Kennedy's murder. The Government Agents were waiting, prepared and watching as Kennedy's Limo traveled down Elm St.. Those same Government Agents made sure while viewing out their "Assassination Command Center Headquarters" in the "Records Building" that no one escaped with evidence that would undisputedly refute, via films and photos, the Government's "Lone Gunman Oswald Theory" from the TSBD.. The Government Agents knew exactly who had cameras focused on Kennedy's Assassination that 11-22-63 in Dealey Plaza and they made sure those cameras' production in Dealey did not go any further than the Government Agents that absconded with the photographic and filmed evidence.
Abraham Zapruder filmed the Kennedy Assassination while standing on a retaining wall on the Grassy Knoll; Zapruder escaped Dealey Plaza, but the C.I.A. grabbed Abraham Zapruder's film at the Dallas TV Studio a few hours later.
Mary Moorman went to Dealey Plaza that 11-22-63 with her friend Jean Hill. Like Hill, Mary Moorman was on the south side of Elm St. and she claimed only about 15 feet from Kennedy when he was shot for the second time in the right front of his head. Mary Moorman stated on ABC TV interview, immediately after that 11-22-63, that she "heard 3-4 shots fired close together and still heard gun shots after falling to the ground for cover." Moorman claimed, on ABC TV, that she was in the "line of fire". In fact, she was in the" line of fire" because, she like her friend Jean Hill, stated "the gun shots that hit Kennedy came from behind the fence" that connected to the North Pergola on the Grassy Knoll. Mary Moorman stated the same evidence in the Affidavit she wrote on 11-22-63 for the Dallas Sheriff's Dept.
But Mary Moorman's notoriety comes from 2 of the Polaroid pictures she took on that 11-22-63. Three of the pictures Moorman took in Dealey Plaza were of no notoriety, it was those last two Polaroid photos (#4 & #5 in this link) that made her famous. She took a picture of Kennedy as he was hit for a second time; this picture also captured a photograph of the fence on the Grassy Knoll and a puff of smoke under the trees that overhung that Grassy Knoll's fence. This is the picture that many have claimed they can detect the "Badge Man" behind the fence and hiding behind the fence with a rifle. Moorman's first Polaroid picture that she took in Dealey Plaza was of Kennedy's Limo traveling down Elm St. towards his death. That first picture included the TSBD and its sixth floor and the southeast window. Both pictures and Moorman's camera were confiscated on the spot by the Dallas Sheriff Dept, John Wiseman, who came out the woodwork to immediately question Moorman and her friend Jean Hill in Dealey Plaza that 11-22-63 afternoon at 12:30pm. The picture that included the TSBD was never returned; the picture of Kennedy being shot was returned damaged. The damage to the Polaroid that captured Kennedy being shot in the head was returned by the Police to Moorman with a big thumb print on it and the picture was lightened, as if had been exposed to too much light, all so the World could not see who was shooting from behind the fence on the Grassy Knoll. For those in the modern world, Polaroids had no negative, just instant developed pictures, even in 1963.
Guess why Mary Moorman's first picture of the Kennedy Parade which included the 6th floor of the TSBD was never returned? A safe bet is that it contradicted the Governments "Lone Gunman" shooting from the Sixth Floor window of the TSBD. At a minimum, that first Polaroid Moorman took did not show Lee Harvey Oswald in the window. But did it show someone else in that window? Did it show the window, where Oswald was decreed by the Government to have launched his Kennedy Assassination, closed, or worse, Empty? Or did Moorman's picture show a rifleman in another location/window in the TSBD or another building in Dealey Plaza? We will never know because the Government stole and concealed the evidence in order to advance their "Lone Gunman Proclamation" and hide the truth.
Moorman, like Jean Hill, and many other eyewitnesses, were advised by the F. B. I. to change her mind about the number of shots she heard and her observations that the source location of those shots was from behind the fence. The Government attempted to intimidate these two witnesses and tell them "Up is Down and Left is Right," but these two Texan women bravely maintained the evidence they witnessed and knew had occurred in Dealey Plaza on 11-22-63.
Now, why would the F.B.I. agents in the "Dealey Plaza Command Center" located in the Records Building of Dealey Plaza demand that these two perfect witnesses change their minds about how many shots were fired and where the shots were fired from that killed President Kennedy? The only reason the F.B.I. agents were, immediately after the Assassination, trying to convince these two woman, and many other witnesses in Dealey Plaza, to change their mind about what they saw and heard that 11-22-63 surrounding evidence of the Kennedy Assassination is because they were instructed to as part a pre-planned cover-up. In other words, the F.B.I. had to be knowing participants/Co-conspirators in murdering JFK. Was every F.B.I. agent in the U.S.A. part of the Assassination Conspiracy? No. J. Edgar Hoover, who was the F.B.I.'s supreme leader or Director, was at least a leader in the Cover-up Conspiracy of JfK's Assassination, and he selected trusted F.B.I. agents to aid in the Assassination of Kennedy via the cover-up investigation.
Lee Harvey Oswald (the last version of Oswald who was murdered by Jack Ruby) was working for the F.B.I. prior to the JFK Assassination and left a message at the F.B.I. Office for his contact man at the F.B.I., James Hosty.
As planned, F.B.I. Director J. Edgar Hoover then led the investigation of the Kennedy Assassination for the Warren Commission. The investigation was a crucial part of the JFK Assassination Cover-up. There would not have been an Assassination of President Kennedy, unless all Chief Policy Makers and Final Decision Makers of the U.S. Government (new U.S. President Lyndon Baines Johnson) U.S. Intelligence (C.I.A.), Policing Organizations (F.B.I.) and Military did not agree in advance to kill Kennedy and participate in the Cover-up.
Both Mary Moorman's and Jean Hill's interviews were taken instantly on TV news networks in 1963 and are on "Yube Tube", via the World Free Internet.
Moorman sold her Polaroid of Kennedy being shot from the Grassy Knoll fence and puff of gun smoke in the background on E-Bay in 2008 for $175,000.00. Ya, the same picture taken by Moorman that was returned by the Government partially destroyed and complete with a big thumb print and bleaching so the evidence behind the fence on the Grassy Knoll was destroyed.
The Dallas Police document more witnesses that had seen everything and got scared off, or additionally, had their cameras/pictures seized by the police in Dealey Plaza on Elm St. after the shots rang out. John Chism who standing at the base of the Grassy Knoll behind the DCM and Umbrella man when Kennedy passed on Elm St. saw Kennedy shot but officially saw nothing else. Bob Jackson a newspaper reporter saw the man and rifle who shot Kennedy, but smartly remained silent, after that admission. Standing at the corner of Houston and Elm St., Hugh Betzner took two pictures of the Assassination when two shots were fired and his pictures were seized by the Police. Betzner would immediately claim he saw nothing. O.T. McVeigh was on the Triple Under Pass able to see the entire Assassination but seems to have disappeared from any records of the Assassination.
How many other witnesses in Dealey Plaza were convinced it would be the smart thing to do to "see nothing"?
NBC TV network soundman, John Halcomb, was interviewed instantly, after John Kennedy's Assassination, by his employer NBC and he stated he heard, "the first one sounded like a cherry bomb, then 2 shots, then 3 shots".
So many witnesses in Dealey Plaza that 11-22-63 describe the first shot as a firecracker or cherry bomb or backfire. Could this be an indication of some kind of a silencer on a gun/rifle? A silenced gun shot shouldn't make that much noise (fire cracker), but they are a rare commodity. Maybe, Jack Ruby made an amateur silencer for the occasion.
The Willis Family was on the south side of Elm st. across from the where the Dealey Plaza North Pergola sits on the Grassy Knoll. The Willis family observed Kennedy and his presidential parade as it traveled down Elm St.. The father, mother and daughter all saw and stated, per interview, "the back of Kennedy's head was blown out and confirmed that the shots came from the front." Their interviews from the 1960's are on the Internet and, again, put a snuff on the Warren Commission's "Loan Gunman Decree" which claims that 3 bullets were fired all from behind which would have caused Kennedy to be hit in the back of the head and an exit wound in the front of the head not the back. The Willis family all described an exit wound from the back of Kennedy's head, therefore, Kennedy was hit from the front.
Bill and Gayle Newman and there two little boys were on the north side of Elm St. when Kennedy's Limo passed them about 15' away. This family can be seen in the surviving aftermath films of Dealey Plaza on 11-23-63 taking cover on the grass near the sidewalk at the base of the Grassy Knoll. Bill Newman had a bird's eye view of the Assassination and said, during a recent (2012) interview with Jesse Ventura that was televised and is also on the Internet, that "there were two shots, "boom - boom", when Kennedy's Limo was about 100 yards from him and turning into Elm St. from Houston St.." Bill Newman said he "heard a third shot that came from behind them (they were in front of the Grassy Knoll)." He said, "the third shot hit Kennedy and caused the side of his head to blow off." Bill Newman further stated that "he was 15 feet from Kennedy when the third shot hit Kennedy." Newman stated he "had no reason to look at the TSBD and saw nothing at the TSBD." Both he and his wife gave reports to the F. B. I., but were never contacted by the Warren Commission.
In his original interview on 11-22-63 on Dallas WAAF TV Newman said "the third shot came from behind the Grassy Knoll." He stated that "Kennedy got hit at the side of the temple," while pointing to the comparable spot on the right side temple of his own head. He said, "he saw the side of Kennedy's head fall off." During that 11-22-63 TV interview, Newman had said, "the Dallas Police went over the Grassy Knoll and behind it to the railroad cars." Newman's original Dallas TV interview of 11-22-63 is on the Internet.
Arnold Rowland was a spectator in Dealey Plaza that 11-22-63 and he testified to the Warren Commission, Vol. II, p. 162-190, that he "saw a rifleman on the 6th floor of the TSBD," p. 169. Arnold Rowland claimed "this rifleman was in a window on the opposite end (west end) of the 6th floor of the TSBD", (Rowland even marked the 6th floor window with a circle and arrow for exact location during his W/C testimony) not the window (southeast end) the Warren Commission claimed the "Lone Gunman" fired his rifle from, p. 169-171. Rowland stated he "first saw and elderly Negro man in the 6th floor southeast window of the TSBD about 5 minutes before the President's motorcade passed", p. 178, the same southeast window that the police and Warren Commission claimed was used by "Lone Gunman", Oswald, to kill Kennedy. Rowland stated that he "thought the gunmen he saw were Secret Service Agents." His wife being without her glasses that day claimed she did not see anyone. Strange, she did not have her glasses to watch the Kennedy Parade. Arnold Rowland's CBS Television Network original interview is on the Internet - "You Tube" and only takes 59 seconds to get the same evidence the Warren Commission took 30 pages to accumulate, via his testimony, in addition to 8 interviews by the F.B.I. and Dallas Sheriff's Office took from Rowland.
Arnold Rowland testified that he did not look back at the TSBD after he heard the shots fired at the President because he heard the shots come from the railroad yard behind the parking lot and Grassy Knoll in Dealey Plaza, p. 180-181. Rowland testified that there were about 20 uniformed police officers within a block and half from his position across from the TSBD, p. 189. Rowland further stated that there were 5 uniformed police across the street from his position, who had helped the epileptic boy a few minutes before the President's Motorcade passed, p. 189. He testified that there were about 50 cops running to the rail road tracks looking for the Kennedy Assassin, p. 181.
Arnold Rowland reported the rifleman to a Dallas P.D. detective, who was "looking for footprints" about 15 minutes after the shooting, p. 181, but could not identify Lee Harvey Oswald as the rifleman he saw in the TSBD 6th floor window, p.185. The detective sent him to Dallas Sheriff Decker's Office and he and his wife waited in a room for 4 hours before the Affidavit was typed and signed, p. 181.
Arnold Rowland is a study of the typical deliberately confused evidence the F.B.I. produced after L.B.J. decided on the eve of 11-22-63 that they "had their man and that the investigation was over". Rowland testified at the Warren Commission that 7 pairs of F.B.I. agents interviewed him in the days after the Assassination. Rowland testified that the F.B.I. "reworded' his statements", p. 182; Rowland testified that he said, "the rifleman was only 3-4 feet back from the 6th floor southwest window of the TSBD, not 15' as the F.B.I. distorted per their Report, or he could not have seen the rifleman, if he was 15' back from the window", p. 182. Rowland testified, p. 183, that the times and distances on the F.B.I. report are at variance to what he told the F.B.I. agents, p. 183. Rowland testified that the F.B.I. came to his work and home and had him sign 4 different statements that they produced, p. 183. Rowland testified, p. 183, that he didn't initially mention the Negro in the 6th floor window, but did mention it the next day. The F.B.I. agents told him that the "Negro in the southeast 6th floor window of the TSBD had no bearing on the case," p. 183. It was not until the next day, Saturday, 11-23-63, that he learned about the Assassin shooting from the 6th floor southeast window of the TSBD, p. 188.
Mrs. Joseph Eddie Dean was employed on the third floor of the TSBD on 11-22-63 with MacMillan Co.. She and fellow employees were standing on the steps of the TSBD, when, after Kennedy's Motorcade just passed, she heard 3 shots. She saw Kennedy slump and she realized the gun shots came from above her in the TSBD. She ran out in the street, but did not look up at that time. She claimed everybody was very excited, including her. She then went to the bank to make a deposit with Mrs. Reese. She told the police after viewing photos that she could not remember ever seeing Lee Harvey Oswald before and had no further information.
A little known witness to evidence of the Kennedy Assassination, Ronald B. Fischer, filled out an Affidavit for the Dallas Sheriff's Office. Fischer saw a "light headed" man in his twenties laying in the 5th floor window of the TSBD just before the Kennedy's Limo passed on Elm St. and the shots fired. Fischer described this man as laying down in funny position, so Fischer could only see his head. The "Lone Gunman" zealots claim the man Fischer saw was one of the Negros who worked at the TSBD and claimed they were looking out the window of the 5th floor. However, Fischer is describing a white man, as per "light headed" "clear complexion". Fischer was not describing Lee Harvey Oswald as the man he saw in the TSBD window per Lumie Lewis' Dallas Sheriff's Report; he described the "window man" as having hair that "stuck up in the front".
Fischer's friend, Robert E. Edwards, per Affidavit for the Dallas Sheriff's Office, saw the man in the 5th floor window of the TSBD and claimed the shots in Dealey Plaza came from the TSBD.
Mary Ann Mitchell and her co-worker, both Dallas District Court Clerk's employees, were spending their lunch break watching President Kennedy's scheduled Motorcade through Dealey Plaza that 11-22-63. Per Affidavit of Mary Ann Mitchell they were at the corner of Houston and Elm St. which would give a bird's eye view of the TSBD. When the shots ended in Dealey Plaza Mary Ann Mitchell looked at the southeast 6th floor window ("second floor from top") of the TSBD and saw only boxes, no rifles, no people, or even gun smoke. Mitchell said the window was open. Note, the two Negros were in the 5th floor of TSBD and they said, per their Warren Commission testimonies, and photographer Dillard' testimony to the W/C that Dillard's picture of the TSBD was taken about a minute after the Assassination.
Mary Ann Mitchell, also per Affidavit, said, the last 2 shots she heard were "rapid fire". "Rapid firing bullet shots" is contrary and impossible for the Government's "Lone Crazed Gunman", who used a bolt action rifle that, according to the W/C, takes over 2 seconds between firing shots.
Wesley Buel Frazier worked in the TSBD on 11-22-63 and gave Lee Harvey Oswald a ride to work on the day of the Assassination. Per his Warren Commission testimony, Frazier was standing on the entrance steps of the TSBD on Elm St. watching Kennedy's Motorcade, and as it passed he heard 3 gun shots. Frazier testified the "3 shots came from the Grassy Knoll which is west from the TSBD down Elm St.." Frazier also has the notoriety of testifying about the curtain rods that Oswald brought to work in Frazier's car that 11-22-63, so Lee Harvey could put curtains up in his room in the new rooming house he was then living in. Frazier was convinced there was no rifle in the bag Oswald had with him that a.m. of 11-22-63, but instead, curtain rods. Frazier was arrested that 11-22-63 for the murder of President John Kennedy and subsequently released that same day of 11-22-63 when LBJ informed the Dallas Police that "they had their man", Lee Harvey Oswald. Did any of the, at least 12 people, who were arrested for Kennedy's death by the Dallas Police on 11-22-63 sue the cops for false arrest? Was there Probable Cause to arrest Frazier for Kennedy's death? With some exceptions, the Dallas Police did have Probable Cause to make their arrests in Dealey Plaza that afternoon of 11-22-63, and later in Dallas for the murder of President Kennedy, and those arrestees were glad to be released and not to be heard from, again. And the 12 detained arrestees had President Lyndon Baines Johnson to thank for telling the Dallas cops that "you have your man the accused Assassin, Lee Harvey Oswald."
The 6th floor of the TSBD was one open floor space, as you might expect because it was used as a warehouse at 1963.
Reporter Cheryl McKinnon was eating lunch on the Grassy Knoll watching the U.S. President pass on Elm St. when she heard three gun shots fired from behind her. Reporter McKinnon, and dozens of others watching the JFK Motorcade, turned in the direction of the shots they heard fired from behind them in the back of the Grassy Knoll in time to see gun smoke in the air. McKinnon has read the Warren Report and Assassination publications over the years since, and she is unchanged in her observation of JFK Assassination evidence in Dealey Plaza. She has been left without faith in Government, as result of the evidence she witnessed on 11-22-63 when she saw JFK Assassinated. What she witnessed was contrary to the Government's "Decree of a Lone Crazed Gunman" firing 3 shots from the TSBD.
Mary Woodward was with three of her co-workers from the Dallas News. Mary Woodward was a news reporter for the Dallas News that day of 11-22-63 and stood with her 3 co-workers in front of the Grassy Knoll on Elm St. at about the Stemmons Highway Sign. News Reporter, Woodward, knew what she saw and printed an immediate news article that described shots coming from behind her and to her right. The direction and location Mary Woodward was describing as the source of Kennedy's Assassins would only be the fence which sat to her right on the Grassy Knoll.
Mary Woodward also observed, as per her Dallas News Article, the President's Limousine coming almost to a stop after the first shot which she thought was a car's backfire, and she claimed did not hit President Kennedy. Strange, that the S.S. agent, Greer, who drove Kennedy's Limo down Elm St. would slow down almost to a stop when the first gun shot was heard in Dealey Plaza. It was no secret on 11-22-63 that Kennedy's Limousine came to a stop on Elm St. in front of the Grassy Knoll and then the final volley of rifle shots started. Immediately after the Assassination on the afternoon of 11-22-63, the 3 major TV Networks were all making issue via their instant report that the Presidential Limousine had stopped in front of the Grassy Knoll on Elm St.. The TV Networks excused the stopping of the President's Limo by SS Agent and driver, Greer, saying the stop was made so SS Agent Clint Hill could run from the car traveling in the Motorcade behind Kennedy's Limo and be able to catch up to it and jump on the President's Limo. That did happen and you can see S.S. Agent Clint Hill run and catch up and jump on the rear bumper of the President's Limo on Elm St. after it came to a stop, but that wasn't the reason why the Secret Service driver, Greer, stopped the Presidential Limo when the bullets started in Dealey Plaza. See the Muchmore film, or Orville Nix film now broadcast on the Internet to see the Presidential Limo taking off from being stopped in front of the Grassy Knoll on Elm St. and SS Hill running and jumping on the Limo. Those films do not show Kennedy getting hit by bullets only the immediate aftermath of the Presidential Limo taking off from a stop causing Kennedy to be a sitting duck and sustain shots that killed him.
The reason Secret Service Agent, Greer, stopped the Presidential Limousine on Elm St. in front of the Grassy Knoll is because Kennedy was not dead but only wounded and Greer made sure that the riflemen in Dealey Plaza had a stationary target, so to make sure Kennedy did not escape death.
The 3 National TV Networks stopped broadcasting that the Presidential Limo stopped in front of the Grassy Knoll within a few hours of the Assassination. Yes, the Government was telling the TV Networks to comply with there censorship so to comply with the Official Government Version of the JFK Assassination of a "Lone Crazed Gunman" firing 3 shots from the 6th floor southeast window of the TSBD.
Yes, sir a stationary target is much easier for a team of well organized rifleman and accomplices to hit than a moving automobile going 20 mph.!
The S.S. agent/driver had stopped the President's Limousine because Kennedy had been shot but was not dead, the Presidential Limousine was stopped on Elm St. in front of the Grassy Knoll when the last shot hit Kennedy in the front right temple. But see the Zapruder film that shows that last shot to Kennedy's right front head, is the Presidential Limousine moving or stopped?
None, of the 4 employees from the Dallas News were interviewed or gave testimony to the Warren Commission. But decades later Mary Woodward would claim she made a mistake and that now she feels that the bullets came from the TSBD. Mary knows how to please her masters and who "butters her bread". If she didn't change her mind and continued saying the bullet came from behind her and to the right she would have been fired from her job. That's one of the tactics they use in Today's U.S.A., the workplace, not just the cops and courts and cyanide.
Mary Woodward also documented in 11-22-63 per her news article that the last two shots she heard in Dealey Plaza during the Assassination Episode followed each other "rapidly". The Warren Commission could not accept any "rapid shots" because their "Lone Crazed Gunman" used a bolt action rifle which required over 2 seconds between shots.
How many witnesses saw SS Agents Stop Kennedy's Presidential Limousine at the Grassy Knoll on Elm St.?
The Zapruder film does not show Kennedy's Presidential Limousine stopping in front of the Grassy Knoll. That is because the Zapruder film was stolen from Abraham Zapruder, a citizen filming the Kennedy Parade in Dealey Plaza on the North Pergola, by the C.I.A., and it was edited by the C.I.A. to eliminate evidence the Authorities did not want the World to see. For some reason the Authorities did not edit Kennedy getting hit from the front in the throat and right temple that could have only been fired by an Assassin located in front of Kennedy (and any gun shot from the front voids the W/C's 3 shots from the TSBD by a single "Lone Crazed Assassin" ). The Zapruder film, also after C.I.A. editing, still shows Governor Connally being hit by different shots fired at distinctly different times. That kills the "Magic Bullet" that the Warren Commission claimed accounted for one wound in Kennedy's back and exiting his throat and then causing at least 5 wounds to Connally. There are many people who claim there are more than one unedited surviving film of the Kennedy Assassination; there should be many surviving films of the JFK Assassination because there were 8 camera crews from the National TV networks and 3 Press buses in Dealey Plaza when the shots rang out. See the Internet - You Tube -"Rich Dellarosa - other Z-film" where he describes one those " other JFK Assassination film recordings" he saw in 1974 before the Zapruder film was even first shown to the American Public on Geraldo Rivera's "Good Night America" on March 6, 1975.
Why would the Government finally release their C.I.A. censored version of the Zapruder Film, in 1975, that was complete with film recorded evidence that shows Kennedy was first hit in the throat and in the front right temple from bullets fired from in front of Kennedy? That same Zapruder film shows that Governor Connally was shot after and by a different bullet than the bullet that hit Kennedy in the throat which also kills the Warren Commissions "Lone Crazed Assassin Decree" which claims, in part, Kennedy was hit in the back of his neck and the bullet exited Kennedy's throat and then hit Governor Connally causing him 5 bullet wounds while taking at least one 90 degree turn. The two bullets hits on the Zapruder film showing Kennedy getting hit in the front right temple and throat being fired from in front of Kennedy also kills the Warren Commission's "Lone Crazed Assassin Decree" which claims all 3 shots fired at Kennedy came from behind him by a rifleman in the southeast 6th floor window of the TSBD.
The reason the Government released their censored version of the Zapruder film complete with huge undisputable evidence that JFK and Connally were hit by more than two bullets and that he was hit at least twice from bullets fired from his front is that the Authorities, including the Government combined with the U.S. media effort, thought they could convince the American People that "Up is Down" and "Left is Right" and insist that the Zapruder film showed JFK getting hit by 2 bullets fired from behind in the TSBD. And that is what the Government and U.S. media has been doing regarding the Kennedy Assassination for over 50 years.
Many People accept as truth everything the Authorities say, because they have been taught to respect Authority. Authority must continually earn respect. In a Free Society, Authority must serve the People, not control them.
Oh, there were many people who saw the President's Limo come to a stop on Elm St. in front of the Grassy Knoll, so the riflemen would have an easier shot at a stationary target. There were at least 59 witnesses, who came forward and disclosed that they saw the Presidential Limo stop in front of the Grassy Knoll on Elm St. while Kennedy was being hit by bullets. In addition, the American Public, who were watching TV that afternoon of 11-22-63, saw the 3 National TV Networks broadcast the filmed recording of S.S. Agent Greer accelerating the stopped President's Limo and taking off down Elm St., once JFK was dead. If you didn't see those TV Networks broadcast Kennedy's Limo taking off from a stop in front of the Grassy Knoll, while S.S. Agent Clint Hill jumped on to the Limo bumper, on the afternoon of 11-22-63, you never saw it on TV because it was banned by the evening of 11-22-63.
The 3 U.S. TV Networks filmed Kennedy's parade through downtown Dallas, TX on 11-22-63, but it wasn't broadcast live. The TV. Networks claimed they just coincidentally stopped all 8 film crews from recording Kennedy and his 31 vehicle parade when Kennedy's Limousine turned left from Houston St., into Elm St. when the bullets started firing and Kennedy was murdered a few seconds later 100' down Elm St., in front of the Grassy Knoll. The TV Networks started filming again once the Presidential Limousine took off from its stop in front of the Grassy Knoll and drove under the Triple Underpass and took the exit to the Stemmons Highway. The TV networks took their orders from the C.I.A. and trashed the 10-20 seconds worth of film that showed the Kennedy Assassination.
Peggy Joyce Hawkins, was watching the Kennedy parade while standing near the TSBD. She stated, per Affidavit, that she was about 50 feet away from Kennedy when he was shot. She said the firearms shots that rang out in Dealy Plaza came from the direction of the railroad yard, not the TSBD. She observed, per her Affidavit, that Kennedy's Limo stopped on Elm St.
ABC newsman, Bob Clark, who was riding in an open press car in the Presidential Motorcade in Dealey Plaza, reported, immediately after the JFK Assassination, the "Presidential Limousine came to immediate Stop" when the bullets started flying. See You Tube @ 1:119:36 of "The JFK Assassination, As it Happened, Part 1." Renowned CBS News Anchor, Walter Cronkite, reported on 11-22-63 that "the car stopped momentarily."
A University Student at S.M.U., Hugh Betzner, saw the President's Limo come to a stop on Elm St... Betzner per his Affidavit stated that after the Presidents Limo came to a stop he remembers "seeing someone with a nickel revolver in someone's hand in either the President's car or somewhere immediately around his car." Also see UPI newspaper article on Betzner's observations of a nickel plated gun and rifle near at the Assassination scene and Betzner following the Dallas Police up to the back of Grassy Knoll at the fence to get a picture of the rifleman who shot Kennedy.
The Dallas P.D. interviews the - "JFK Horsemen"
There is even more explicit evidence concerning the Presidential Limousine stopping on Elm St. in front of the Grassy Knoll, while John Kennedy was being murdered by rifle shots. See "You Tube" - "JFK Horseman" Parts 1 & 2 for interviews of Dallas Motorcycle Cops, who were driving down Elm St. behind the Presidential Limousine. They were ordered not to, as is customary, ride beside Kennedy's Limousine in order to give protection to the President, but to stay in back of the Presidential Limousine, and that's what they did and they avoided getting shot.
Some of the most stunning evidence from "JFK Horsemen" comes from Dallas P. D. Billy J. Martin, who stated that he was circling his motorcycle on Elm St. in attempt to avoid being picked off from the riflemen behind the fence on the Grassy Knoll. Nothing like motorcycle cops circling their motorcycles shows up on the Zapruder film. Dallas P.D. Martin stated he "could have sworn that the Presidential Limo stopped on Elm St. for a Secret Service Agent." And Officer Martin was correct, otherwise he would not have been able to circle his motorcycle on Elm St. (all JFK Motorcade stopped) and S. S. Agent Hill would not have been able to run from the car behind the Presidential Limo into the back seat of the Presidential Limo. Earl Brown of the Dallas P.D. was stationed on the Dealey Plaza Triple Underpass and witnessed the Presidential Limo stop for 30 seconds on the ramp off Elm St. to Stemmons Highway; this would have been to the west of the JFK Assassination scene, while the Limo was on its way to Parkland Hospital.
Dallas Motorcycle cop, Starvis Ellis' motorcycle was hit by a .45 caliper bullet, while he rode in front of JFK's Limo and behind the lead white '61 Ford Galaxy.. Ellis stated, per interview in 1971, that Kennedy's motorcade slowed down on Elm St. so that he had to put his foot out on the street to balance his police motorcycle.
Deputy Sheriff Buddy Walthers dug a .45 caliper bullet out of the grass strip between Elm and Commercial Sts., immediately after the JFK Assassination.
Dallas P.D. motorcycle cop, B. W. Hargis, was one of the 4 Dallas motorcycle cops traveling behind Kennedy's Limo. Hargis was one of the two cops behind and to the left of Kennedy's Limo, while it traveled down Elm St.. Hargis was quoted as stating the Limousine stopped on Elm St. and he was hit by blood and something that he thought was concrete. If he was to the left and behind the Presidential Limo when JFK was hit in the head by a bullet then the bullet came from in front of Kennedy, not behind. During a '71 interview with JFK researcher/author Fred Newcomb, Hargis stated that Kennedy's Limo stopped 3-4 seconds, maybe 5-6 seconds.
Officer Douglas L. Jackson, another motorcycle cop on Elm St., stated per interview on "JFK Horsemen" that 2 Secret Service Agents (not Hill) got out of the second car in the Presidential Motorcade, while the Presidential Limousine was stopped on Elm St. and observed Kennedy. Jackson was never interviewed by the Authorities, Secret Service, Dallas Cops, F.B.I. or Warren Commission. When Officer Jackson first saw the Zapruder Film he commented "I thought the Presidential Limousine stopped" but the Zapruder Film does not show Kennedy's Limo stopping on Elm St. Officers Brown, and Martin testified at the Warren Commission but their testimony did not include the above evidence; the Warren Commission frequently regulated and instructed witnesses what to say in advance of their testimony and just answer the question and never add any additional information. The Warren Commission altered Dallas Deputy Sheriff Roger Craig's testimony, so to exclude his most damaging evidence to their "Lone Crazed Gunman Decree". Craig's evidence was so damaging to JFK Assassination Cover-up that the Warren Commission Counsel, Belin, turned off the tape recorder or threw the tape away because they claimed not to have it when demanded for review by Roger Craig when he read the falsification of the Transcript of his W/C testimony.
What was Presidential Limousine Driver, Secret Service Agent Greer's, excuse for stopping? He never admitted to it, but JFK researcher, Mark Lane, during his Warren Commission testimony suggested that Kennedy's driver, S.S. Agent - Greer, stopped either because the Limousine was driving into a "hail of bullets" (that would be shots fired from the front of the JFK Limo) or the Secret Service was making sure the riflemen Assassins got an easier non-moving target to kill in the back seat of the Presidential Limo.
Review the Zapruder Film, which shows the "Umbrella Man" raise and open his big black Umbrella when the Presidential Limo was in front of the Stemmons Highway sign. At that point the Presidential Limo driver, S.S. agent Greer, looks at Kennedy and observes the bullet to Kennedy's throat did not kill Kennedy, so Greer stopped the Presidential Limo in front of the Grassy Knoll (the Zapruder film was cut to void the Presidential Limo stopping) and per testimonies and evidence in this article for the American Scene Magazine there were at least 6 shots fired at President Kennedy until the riflemen Assassins blew a big hole in Kennedy's head. When Kennedy's head was blown up, S.S. Agent, Greer, sped off down Elm St. with the Presidential Limo in high gear.
Dallas Citizen, Ed Hoffman, waits to see JFK in location overlooking the Assassins behind the fence on the Grassy Knoll
Ed Hoffman was parked on the Stemmons Highway overlooking the railroad yard and Elm St. and the area behind the Grassy Knoll and North Pergola of Dealey Plaza. He explained that this position would give him a close view of the Presidential Limo exiting off Elm St. on a ramp that ran under the railroad tracks to Stemmons Highway. He saw 3 men in the parking lot which was north and behind the fence on the Grassy Knoll. Hoffman reported, per taped interviews, that he saw the 3 men talking and then the man with the black hat and blue suit bent over and came up with a rifle in his hands. He said this rifleman in the blue suit was left handed and Hoffman demonstrated how that left handed rifleman positioned himself on the fence behind the "Grassy Knoll". There was no fence blocking Hoffman's view of the gunman. The gunmen were in Hoffman's plain view when the gunman fired at Kennedy's Limo as it passed the Grassy Knoll on Elm St.. The third man was described by Hoffman as having a black shirt.
Hoffman could not hear gun shots due to deafness, but reported he saw a puff of smoke rise above the fence area.
Hoffman then reported that the rifleman in the blue suit tossed his rifle to the second man in striped railroad man's clothing and went north along the railroad tracks. The man in the railroad man's clothing walked over to the utility boxes and broke the rifle down by unscrewing the parts and put the rifle parts in a tool box and walked away.
Hoffman continued that a Dallas Police Officer stopped the man in the blue suit with his gun pulled as he was leaving the area behind the "Grassy Knoll". The man in the blue suit identified himself by showing identification and the police officer let him go. According to televised interviews on the Internet/"You Tube" there was police stop on the Grassy Knoll of a man identifying himself as a Secret Service Agent by Dallas police officer J. M. Smith. According to D.P. Officer J.M. Smith he stopped a man who was carrying a machine gun under his coat which was draped over his arm and identified himself as a Secret Service Agent.
Hoffman saw Kennedy as his Limo traveled on the exit ramp to Stemmons Highway and stated, like all the physicians at Parkland Hospital who treated JFK after the Assassination, and other eye witnesses, that 'the back of Kennedy' head was blown out." Hoffman described brains that "looked like Jell-O coming out the back of Kennedy's head."
This witness, Ed Hoffman, was different because he was a deaf mute who communicated by sign language. However, Hoffman's eye sight was fine, so were his careful observations. The Authorities easily discounted Hoffman, as a witness because he is a mute and communicated with sign language. He was known to Dr. McClelland (a surgeon who treated JFK at Parkland Hospital), who considered Ed Hoffman an intelligent man and an important witness to the Kennedy Assassination. Ed Hoffman worked for Texas Instruments doing hi-tech work.
Hoffman reported he, immediately, went to the Dallas police with his witness information but they weren't interested in him. He then went to the local office of the F. B. I. and the secretary told him there was no one available to see him, so he left written details but the F. B. I. never responded. His family advised him not to disclose his observations to anyone because they feared for Ed Hoffman's safety. In June of 1967, Ed Hoffman, again, went to the F. B. I.. One F. B. I. agent, according to Hoffman, told him to be quiet about what he saw or, "you might get killed." Additionally, according to televised interview, Hoffman was offered money by the F. B. I. to go away and shut up.
The F. B. I. wrote a report of the June '67 Hoffman interview and misstated/lied about everything Hoffman observed. They stated, per F. B. I. report, that "he claimed he saw 2 men clutching something dark to their chests running from the TSBD." From the spot Hoffman was at on Stemmons Highway it would have been impossible to see anybody running from the TSBD.
Hoffman didn't give up. In 1975, he thought his eye witness observations would be valued by Senator Teddy Kennedy. Kennedy responded stating that "all the controversy and theories about both of his brothers' murders was painful to he and his family members." Teddy stated that "he and his family have always accepted the finding of the Warren Commission." Hence, the end of the Kennedy Dynasty. The Kennedy's wanted no more trouble and decided the best bet was to let the murderers win and enjoy their inheritance. Mary Jo died at sea while Teddy went on to have another drink at the O Bar.
In 1977, Ed Hoffman accompanied by a fellow Texas Instrument employee, who knew sign language, told of his observations again. This time the F. B. I. got the story right, but would refer to the first interview in 1967 that they got deliberately wrong as grounds to doubt Hoffman.
"Heavy-set man in the brown jacket" in TSBD and the Nash Rambler
On 11-22-63, Carolyn Walther stated she watched the Kennedy motorcade from the east side of Houston St. about 50 feet from the south Elm St. curb/corner. Shortly before Kennedy's motorcade arrived, at about 12:20pm., a man in the crowd at the corner of Elm and Houston had what appeared to be an epileptic seizure and an ambulance came and took him away. Looking over at the TSBD Walther "saw two men on the fourth or fifth floor of the TSBD." After the Assassination, she reported to the F. B. I. that "she saw a man with a gun, and there was another man standing to his right." She could not see all of the man who she described as standing and facing out watching, she "could not see his face, the glass windows were dirty." She said, "he had a brown suit and could only see him between his shoulders and hips." "The other man was holding a short gun (not to be confused with shot gun). It wasn't as long as a rifle", but she described the rifle as being "different from any rifle she had ever seen." "He was holding it pointed down, and he was kneeling in the window or sitting. His arms were on the window, he had a white shirt and light hair or brown. He was holding the gun in a downward position and he was looking downward." She told the F. B. I. "the man was on the fourth or fifth floor". She looked away when Kennedy's Limo came and forgot about the 2 men in the TSBD, who she thought were guards. She said, "the President passed her and as the last of the motorcade went by she heard the shot." She said, "she thought it was a firecracker." She continued that, "she heard two shots right together, and then one. I'm sure there were four shots."
Although Carolyn Walther told the F. B. I., while being interviewed, that she still feels the same way about what she saw and heard, the F. B. I. decided that she should not be interviewed by the Warren Commission. Walther was interviewed by CBS: "The Warren Report" in June of 1967 which is today on the Internet, where she gives the above evidence.
The French Press quoted the F.B.I. as being convinced there were 2 men in windows of the 6th floor of the TSBD when Kennedy was shot. That news article goes on to say the F.B.I. gives credit to a Sailor who was taking pictures in Dealey Plaza for revealing there were 2 men in the 6th floor TSBD windows at the time of the Assassination.
James Worrell was a 20 year old Dallas resident, who testified before the Warren Commission that he hitchhiked to arrive at Love Field at 9:00am. to see President Kennedy, W/C Vol. II, 190 - 191. Worrel testified he "didn't get to see him good at all", so I caught a bus and went downtown (Dallas) and waiting at Elm and Houston Sts. to see the Presidents's Motorcade, p. 191. Worrell explained he left Love Field before the President left and reached Houston and Elm Sts. in downtown Dallas at about 10:30am.. Worrell stated he was standing '4-5' from the TSBD when the President's Motorcade passed, p. 192. Worrell testified he got a good look at the President as he passed the TSBD and then as the President's Limo traveled another 50-75' he heard 4 shots, p. 193. Worrell testified that he looked up and saw a rifle barrel on the 5th or 6th floor of the east side of the TSBD, p.193. Worrell further marked the 6th floor on W/C Exhibit 360 as being the floor that he saw the rifle protruding through the window, p. 194. Worrell confirmed that to see the rifle sticking out of the TSBD window he had to look straight up at a 90 degree angel, p. 193. Worrell explained that from his position he could see 4" of rifle barrel and 2" of rifle stock, p. 193. Worrell further testified that prior to the first shot he had not looked up at the TSBD, p. 200. Worrell testified that he looked up at the rifle to see where it was aiming and then he turned to the Motorcade and saw the President slump, p. 194. Worrell further testified that the rifle he saw sticking out of the window of the TSBD was pointing right down at the motorcade, the part that had turned down Elm St., p. 201. Worrell started running and heard a 3d shot and continued running and arrived "at the corner" to hear the 4th shot, 194, Worrell described the rifle shots as being fired "right in succession", p. 194, Worrell further testified that 5-6 seconds elapsed between the 1st and 4th shots, p. 199, and that he saw "a little fire and smoke" come from the same rifle barrel, p.200. Worrell described that there was a lot of commotion, everybody was screaming and yelling "duck", p. 194. Worrell testified that he then ran down Houston St. alongside the building, p. 195, "running to the back of the building because I figured that would be the safest place," p. 200, and then crossed over the street, and he marks W/C Exhibit 359 as being the spot where he was located when, after about 3 minutes, p. 195, he "saw this man come bustling out of this door", p. 194. Worrell further testified that this man came bustling out of the "back entrance" of the TSBD as he marked with a "Z" on Exhibit 361. Worrell testified that the man never stopped running, the man was "running all the time", p.200. Worrell described the man he saw as being 5' 7" - 5' 10" in height, late 20's to mid 30's in age, black hair full in the back, wearing a sports jacket that was dark in color but no matching trousers, p. 196. Worrell testified he didn't know if the sports jacket was brown, black or blue, but repeated the man's sports jacket was dark in color, p. 196. Worrell testified that this man had nothing in his hands, p. 196. Worrell testified that after this man in the sports coat came bustling out of the TSBD he ran alongside the TSBD and went on further and Worrell view of this man was obstructed by buildings, (Worrell marked an exhibit showing the route of this running man in the dark sports coat, p. 196), id..
When W/C Specter asked Worrell if he saw the man's face, Worrell testified, "oh, no, no." Worrell further testified that he could not identify this man he saw running from the TSBD, p. 200. The W/C Counsel Specter asked Worrell about the F.B.I. report of November 30, 1963 written by F.B.I. agent Robert P. Gemberling resulting from an interview with Worrell which alleges the Worrell stated "that last night when he saw photographs of Lee Harvery Oswald on television he felt this person he had seen running away from the building. He stated this person did not look back but he was certain this was a white person since he had a profile view,"p. 201. Specter then asked Worrell, "did you have a profile view of this man who ran from the building", p. 201, and Worrell answered, "No, sir", id.. W/C Counsel Specter then asked Worrell did you tell the F.B.I. agent who interviewed you, that you felt this person was Lee Harvey Oswald, p. 201. And Worrell answered, "I don't know if I did or not".
Worrell first had signed his Affidavit, W/C Exhibit 363, given to the Dallas Police as a result of Chief Curry asking the public for help from anyone who saw the shooting, p. 197.
James Worrell saw a man with "dark hair and dark shirt" rushing out the back door of the TSBD at 12:33pm.. During his interview in the 1960's that is now on You Tube, Worrell quickly exclaimed he "wasn't saying anymore". So what isn't he saying that he saw? Worrell was about 20 years old in 1963 and died a few years later in a motorcycle accident. But he did say more in his Warren Commission testimony when he testified that the man he saw rushing out the back door of the TSBD was wearing a dark suit jacket or brown suit jacket.
Witness Richard Randolph Carr - Fearless & what made American Great
Richard Randolph Carr had been in the U.S. Army Rangers and was one of only 13 men in his Battalion who survived at Anzio, Italy. Carr, a steel worker on 11-22-63, was working on the 7th floor of the New Courthouse Building on the Corner of Houston St. when he witnessed a man in the 6th floor window of the TSBD (the same one the W/C claims Oswald shot from) and that it was not Lee Harvey Oswald. Carr described this man that he saw, just before the Kennedy was shot, as being a heavy-set man with horn-rimmed glasses and a tan sport jacket. After the shots in Dealey Plaza that 11-22-63, Carr descended to ground level and said he saw the man, who was previously in the 6th floor window exit the TSBD . As he reported to the F. B. I., Carr followed this man, who was walking very fast, proceeding on Houston St., south to Commerce St., and then, to Record St.. The man got into a 1961 or 1962 gray Rambler station wagon driven by a swarthy skinned man that had Texas plates and a roof rack and was parked just north of Commerce St. on Record St.
Carr's observations and evidence were unacceptable and could not be believed by the authorities. The Warren Commission did not call him as a witness, nor was he ever mentioned in any of the Warren Commission's publications. Carr told independent investigators of the pressure and harassment from the Dallas Police and F. B. I., as well as, threatening phone calls that all played a role in his decision to move to Montana. His house was raided one night by the Dallas Police, who claimed they were looking for stolen goods but found nothing and made no arrest. But Carr's big problems started when New Orleans D.A. Jim Garrison had him testify in the Clay Shaw JFK Murder Conspiracy trial. Carr found dynamite taped to his car's ignition, then gunman tried to kill him. Another attempt on his life took place in Atlanta resulting in Carr being stabbed but he managed to kill one of the two men, who attacked him.
On February 19, 1969, Carr testified, at D.A. Garrison's trial of Clay L. Shaw for the Murder Conspiracy of President Kennedy, that he heard first one shot that sounded like a small arms, maybe a pistol, then there was a slight pause and then 3 shots that sounded like automatic rifle fire. He said he could not tell were the first shot came from but the other shots came from behind the fence on the Grassy Knoll.
Officer Tom Tilson - off-duty Dallas Police Officer, who saw Ruby Flee the JFK Assassination
Tom Tilson was driving with his daughter on Elm St. west of the Triple Underpass traveling east towards Dealey Plaza, when he heard a radio bulletin that President Kennedy had been shot. A Dallas Police Officer, Tom Tilson, would testify that he saw Jack Ruby on the west side of the Triple Underpass (opposite side of the Triple Underpass from Dealey Plaza), a few minutes after the Kennedy Assassination. Tilson said he saw Jack Ruby running down the railroad track embankment that boarders the railroad yard behind the Grassy Knoll of Dealey Plaza and jump into a Rambler Station Wagon that was parked on the west bound side of Elm St., while first throwing a long wrapped cylindrical package into the back window. This was after another witness, Jean Hill, stated on a 1963 TV interview that she saw Ruby exit the TSBD, immediately after the shooting in Dealey Plaza. Tilson was off-duty at the time he saw Jack Ruby get in the Rambler, his daughter was in his car and he got the license plate number. Tilson testified that years later he threw the license plate number away because neither the Dallas Homicide Division, C. I. A., or F. B. I. took any interest when he contacted them about this incident and evidence. Dallas P. D. Tom Tilson knew Jack Ruby, personally, since 1956, because Ruby's barroom was on his beat. Tilson's testimony at Lee Harvey Oswald's mock trial is on "You Tube"/Internet as he is questioned by Attorney Gerry Spence.
Marvin Robinson was driving his car west on Elm St. in Dealey Plaza about 15 minutes after the Assassination. Robinson saw a white man walking down the Grassy incline from the building and enter a light colored Rambler Station Wagon which was parked in front of the TSBD, and then drove off. Robinson reported this information to the F. B. I. and his information was put in an F. B. I. report that was found as "Document 5" in the National Archives by Researcher/Author Henry Hurt.
Robinson's employee, Roy Cooper, was following Robinson in his car through Dealey Plaza. Cooper confirmed and testified, "the Rambler drove off at a fast rate of speed. Cooper's F. B. I. report was classified until 1992.
James Pennington, a parade watcher that day in Dealey Plaza, reluctantly, admitted seeing a man running down the Grassy incline and get into a light colored Rambler.
Mrs. James Forrest was standing with a group of people who had gathered at the "incline" near the Grassy Knoll. As she was standing, she saw a man suddenly run from the rear of the TSBD, down the incline, and then get in a Rambler Station Wagon. Forrest said the man she saw running from the TSBD down the incline at the Grassy Knoll and getting into the Rambler was Lee Harvey Oswald. She said, "if it was not Lee Harvey Oswald then it was his twin brother."
Forrest corroborates Dallas Sheriff Roger Craig's testimony that he saw Lee Harvey Oswald run down Grassy Knoll into Rambler.
Dallas Deputy Sheriff, Roger Craig, was on duty that afternoon of 11-23-63 and was ordered, as were all Deputies, by the Dallas Sheriff not to interfere with Kennedy's security. Craig was standing in front of the Dallas County Sheriff's Office on Houston St. (located in Building #4 on that map "Dallas County Criminal Courts Building"), when Kennedy's motorcade passed him. He heard a gun shot and then two more shots when the President's Limo had turned on to Elm St.. Roger Craig then ran across Houston St. to Elm St. where he was looking for evidence on the south side of Elm St.. It was while on the South side of Elm St., across from the North Pergola that sits on the Grassy Knoll, that Deputy Craig heard a "shrill whistle" and saw a man that he later identified as Lee Harvey Oswald running down the hill on the North side of Elm St. and getting in a Nash Rambler. Craig stated that he tried to stop this man and the driver of the Rambler, but could not get through the automobile traffic that was jammed up caused by the Assassination and people running toward the Grassy Knoll. Craig thought it was strange that they were the only people trying to get away from the area and that the man was running to a waiting car. Craig radioed into the Dallas P. D. the description of this man he would later identify as Lee Harvey Oswald. He then went to the TSBD, after which he reported to the Dallas Police Dept., and saw the man, Lee Harvey Oswald, the D.P.D. arrested in the Texas Theatre was also the man he saw get away in the Rambler on Elm St.
At the Dallas Police Station in Roger Craig's presence, Capt. Fritz asked the arrestee from the Texas Theatre "you got in the car?" Lee Harvey Oswald replied, " the Rambler station wagon is Mrs. Pain's don't get her involved." "Now everybody is going to know who I am."
It's worth noting that no one interfered with the President's security, including the Dallas Sheriff's Dept., because there was NO SECURITY that day in Dealey Plaza for the U.S. President, just a plan of ASSASSINATION.
No wonder the bus driver Cecil McWatters said Lee Harvey Oswald was not on his bus that the Dallas Police and Warren Commission claim Oswald took on route to his boarding house after the Kennedy shooting and before Tippit's shooting.
Despite this corroboration by Carr, Tilson, Robinson, Pennington, and Forrest with Dallas Deputy Sheriff Roger Craig's testimony, the Warren Commission rejected it all, but instead accepted cab driver, William Whaley's testimony that Lee Harvey Oswald was in his cab on route to his boarding house after Kennedy was shot, not driving away in a Rambler.
Malcolm Summers was watching the Kennedy motorcade on Elm St. at about the North Pergola that sits on the Grassy Knoll. He was one of the witnesses that saw a man, who he thought was a Secret Service Agent in a suit and was carrying a machine gun under his coat which was draped over his arm. Minutes before the Assassination, while walking towards the fence, according to Summers, this man, who identified himself with a badge as a Secret Service Agent, warned Summers, "Don't you come up here any further, you could get shot, or killed." According to the Secret Service and F. B. I. there were none of their agents stationed on or behind the Grassy Knoll that 11-22-63.
Malcolm Summers was a Dallas resident expecting to have a relaxing afternoon seeing the U.S. President that day of 11-22-63 in Dealey Plaza. Summers had a busy day; in addition to being threatened by a Secret Service Agent from going near the fence on the "Grassy Knoll". Summers per Dallas Sheriff Affidavit saw a '61 or '62 maroon Chevrolet sedan speeding from Dealey Plaza immediately after the gun shots. Summers described the three men in the car as acting excited as they motioned and talked to each other as the car sped away. Summers was not invited for Warren Commission testimony.
Other citizen witnesses, who saw this same "Secret Service Agent" on the Grassy Knoll decided that they were mistaken. After being discouraged by the F.B.I..
One of the most bizarre pieces of evidence was a film of the alleged Secret Service Agent with his coat draped over his arm concealing his machine gun walking away from the fence on the Grassy Knoll as he is being approached by a uniformed Dallas Police Officer. See You Tube - " (59:47) Evidence of Revision - JFK Assassination Rarities" @ 49:30. That film was taken immediately after Kennedy was Assassinated in front of the Grassy Knoll on Elm St., Dallas, Texas.
James Tague - Takes 1 of the 3 "Lone Crazed Gunman" Bullets
Citizen, James Tague, was standing in the median strip between Main St. and Elm St. at Dealey Plaza's Triple Underpass which is west/downhill of the North Pergola/Grassy Knoll to see the U.S. President that 11-22-63. Tague was hit by either bullet fragments or a piece of curb that a bullet hit. Tague was bleeding from his face immediately after Kennedy was shot. That bullet that caused Tague's facial bleeding also caused the Warren Commission to invent the "Magic Bullet" which they said accounted for 7 wounds to Kennedy and Governor Connally. Due to the Warren Commission's "Lone Gunman Plan", the Authorities were limited to claiming 3 shots were fired by the "Lone Crazed Gunman" from the 6th floor southeast window of the TSBD, and one bullet had to go to the injury Tague received; another bullet had to go to the final bullet that hit President Kennedy in the head. That left one bullet to cover all the rest of the injuries to Kennedy, including the throat wound, and all the multiple injuries to Governor Connally. The Warren Commission failed to recognize other bullet damage in Dealey Plaza and the Presidential Limo.
Initially, the F. B. I. reported 3 shots; one hitting Kennedy in the back, one shot hitting Kennedy in the head, and one shot hitting Governor Connally. The F..B.I. per their official 400 page report on the Kennedy Assassination failed to recognize that James Tague's was also hit by a bullet during the JfK Assassination episode. This "Tague Bullet" caused the Warren Commission problems that were not logically solved by reason of the "Magic Bullet", as the "Magic Bullet" defies the laws nature. The Warren Commission did not fabricate the "Magic Bullet" hitting both Kennedy and Connally until April of 1964, when they discovered they could not use the F.B.I.'s account of facts that the F.B.I. fabricated to support the 3 shots of the "Pre-planned Lone Gunman"; There was no way for the Warren Commission to avoid using one of the 3 "Lone Gunman" Bullets for Tague's wound because the U.S. press took pictures and interviewed Tague as did the Dallas Police, who witnessed his bullet wound in Dealey Plaza on 11-22-63 and made public record of Tague's wound. Evidently, the F.B.I. was careless when they issued their 400 page report, ( see page 1 of that F.B.I. report), on 12-9-63 on the Kennedy Assassination and missed the Tague bullet. Because one of the 3 pre-planned bullets had to be used by the Warren Commission for Tague's wound, there was only two bullets left to account for the bullet damage to Kennedy's head and another bullet to account for the bullet wound to Kennedy's back and at least 5 wounds to Governor Connally; it was this need to account for all these wounds suffered by President Kennedy and Governor with two bullets that caused the Warren Commission to act irrationally and fabricate the "Magic Bullet".
In the process, the Warren Commission ignored there was at least one bullet hole in Kennedy's back. The Warren Commission did not disappoint the World with their fabrications and simply raised the point of entry of the bullet in Kennedy's back to Kennedy's neck and claimed that bullet exited Kennedy's throat then hitting Governor Connally causing him 5 wounds, instead of admitting that the throat wound entered from the front.
See the "JFK Medical Evidence" Section, below, for more on JFK Autopsy, Alan Specter, "Tague Bullet" all causing the fabricated W/C "Magic Bullet".
Warren Commission Decrees JFK Assassination Bullets fired = 3 shots?
The Warren Commission Decreed only 3 bullets were fired in the Dealey Plaza Assassination of President Kennedy. The Warren Commission further claimed that all 3 of those bullets were fired from the 6th floor southeast window of the TSBD. But if you start counting, and include the bullet holes in the chrome band on top of the windshield of the Presidential Limo, 2 holes in Kennedy's back, the front entry shot to Kennedy's throat, the front shot to Kennedy's head, the bullet(s) that hit Governor Connally, the Tague bullet that may have hit the curb first, and the bullet hole in the windshield of the Presidential Limo, you have more than 4 bullets shot. But even if you "quintruple up" (not double-up or triple-up but 5 for 1) with the Warren Commission's "Magic Bullet" that they claim went through Kennedy's back and exited his throat and then wounded Governor Connally several times while making 90 degree turns, you still have more than 3 shots as claimed by the Warren Commission or 4 shots as claimed by HSCA in 1979. Most likely Governor Connally was hit by several bullets to account for all the wounds he had, including bullet holes in his back and chest, a shattered rib, a broken bone in his wrist and wound in his leg. The investigating Government Authorities lied about the bullet evidence in that Presidential Limo, and in Dealey Plaza, in order to cover-up the truth, which is that Kennedy was fired on many times, and there were many more than 3 bullets fired and from more than one gunman. But don't excuse the Government's JFK Assassination investigation because the Warren Commission was alerted to all the bullet evidence that hit the Presidential Limo, Kennedy, Connally, Tague and other bullet evidence in Dealey Plaza.
But there were even more bullets fired in Dealey Plaza that completely missed their mark of the Presidential Limo; there is even evidence of different caliber bullets being fired at John Kennedy, as below. According to the surveyors hired by the Warren Commission there was a bullet that hit the curb on the South side of Elm St. which was separate and distinct from the bullet that hit the curb before hitting James Tague.
Dallas Police Officer, Starvis (Steve) Ellis saw a "missile" hit the ground in the area of the Kennedy Motorcade. Ellis, who was the lead motorcycle cop and was riding ahead of the Presidential Limo with the lead car (white Ford Galaxy), testified to the HSCA in 1978 that he "looked back toward Kennedy's car and saw debris come up from the ground at a nearby curb."
Dallas Motorcycle Officer B. W. Hargis got hit by concrete during the hail of bullets fired in Dealey Plaza on 11-22-63. Hargis was behind and to the left of Kennedy's Limo and was also hit by blood caused from bullet impact/force of the bullet that caused Kennedy's head wounds. Some argue logically that because the blood from Kennedy's head wounds were forced by the bullet behind and left of the Limousine, then, that is proof the bullets came from the front right (fence on Grassy Knoll) of the Limousine.
A Railroad worker on the Triple Underpass in Dealey Plaza, Austin Lawrence Miller, also witnessed a bullet hit the street in front of the President's Limo.
Another Dallas Police Motorcycle Officer, J. W. Foster, testified at the Warren Commission on April, 9, 1964 that "a bullet hit a manhole in the street" during the Assassination in Dealey Plaza.
Railroad worker, James Simmons, was on the Triple Underpass when Kennedy's Motorcade entered Elm St.. In addition to witnessing "gun smoke" rise underneath the trees behind the fence on the Grassy Knoll caused by the shots he heard fired from that location, Simmons saw "a bullet hit the pavement" on Elm St.. Simmons described, "it looked like dust particles fly in the air from something that hit the curb or street."
Don't forget the witnesses, Royce Skelton, who saw a bullet bounce off the pavement during the Dealey Plaza Assassination. Mrs. Virgie Baker, and the Dallas woman reporter, Woodward, both saw at least one bullet hit Elm St. pavement, just behind the Presidential Limo, as Kennedy's Limo got ambushed in Dealey Plaza and were both brave enough to come forward and stand by the murder evidence they witnessed.
Was it the same bullet other witnesses saw hit the grass in Dealy Plaza? Richard Carr, a World War II U.S. Ranger and survivor of the Americans at Anzio Beach, Italy, testified at the Clay Shaw JFK Conspiracy Murder Trial that "one of the 3 shots fired from behind the fence on the Grassy Knoll knocked up a bunch of grass."
Photographer Hugh Betzner saw the police digging up the grass to find at least one of the bullets fired in Dealey Plaza the Warren Commission wanted to ignore, so they only had to count to 3.
The cops and undercover feds, who were watching from the Dealey Plaza Command Center in the Records Building and were filtered in positions around the Assassination scene knew there were more than three bullets fired, they weren't digging for buried treasure. No, they were digging for bullets.
Dealey Plaza "Sign" hit by bullets and concealed - "bullets came from behind the mound"
Jim Hicks, a surveyor by trade, was standing in front of the Grassy Knoll on Elm St. to watch the U. S. President pass. Witness Hicks was avoided by the F.B.I., Warren Commission and all Federal Authorities because of the evidence he witnessed. However, Jim Hicks was located by New Orleans District Attorney, Jim Garrison, because Hicks had alerted a Dallas Police Officer to bullets hitting a "caution sign" during the Assassination Bullet Barrage in Dealey Plaza. The Dallas Police took Hicks name and contact information but never took a statement from Mr. Hicks. Per testimony of Hicks, the Dallas Police did take the "Caution sign" away within 30 minutes of the Assassination, see p. 2 GJ. It is difficult to know exactly where in the area of Elm St. and the Grassy Knoll witness Hicks is standing per his Clay Shaw Murder Conspiracy Grand Jury Testimony because D.A. Garrison has Hicks pointing to an aerial map of Dealey Plaza in order to identify his position. Hicks testified that he found a place to stand to watch the Kennedy Parade in Dealey Plaza when he noticed two fellows in a "car alongside the back of the TSBD," GJ p. 1-2. After reading the entire 24 page Grand Jury transcript, it is certain Hicks was standing along the north side of Elm St. in front of the Grassy Knoll because he testified "he was facing the street with his back was toward the 1956 Pontiac that was backed up to the fence in the parking lot", GJ p. 5. Hicks also testifies that the shots came over his head and that "the shots came from two different directions," GJ p. 8. Hicks was standing close to the Stemmons Highway sign which may have been what he calls a "caution sign". There was no caution sign in front of the Grassy Knoll on Elm St. per review of hundreds of pictures of Dealey Plaza before, during, and after the 11-22-63 JFK Assassination.
Here is CE 354 from the Warren Commission, #5 is the area behind the trees that the 1956 Pontiac was parked backed up to the fence. The area Hicks describes as being the location of the 1956 Pontiac is between #1 & #5 or the service road that is lined on the south side with trees.
Jim Hicks gave additional testimony, GJ p. 6-8 & p. 13, about the 2 men he had observed in the 1956 Pontiac backed up with its trunk open and parked along the fence in the parking lot between the TSBD and the east end of the North Pergola. Hicks said the trunk was open and a colored man, he also described as Spanish, was kneeling in the trunk holding a big pipe. Another colored man was beside the car, both looking at Elm St.. Hicks describes that these two colored men backed up to the fence overlooking Elm st. at the location of a manhole cover that gave entrance to the sewer system large enough to accommodate a man. Garrison presented evidence that the manhole was covered up and no longer exists, and Garrison had evidence, via city records/diagrams, that the manhole cover did exit. The manhole cover had been referred to on the City of Dallas diagram as an "inlet". The "inlet" no longer existed after 11-22-63, and of course, physically it was eliminated. Hicks testified that after the shots were fired in Dealey Plaza the car that was backed up to the fence with the two colored men was gone, GJ p. 7. He also donated, via testimony, that the fence was torn down after the Assassination, id.
Citizen - witness, Hicks, was a veteran, p. 15, and testified that the bullet shots "zinged" right over his head and that the bullets came from two different direction, but not from the TSBD. Specifically, Hicks testified that the bullets came from the "mound" and that most people that witnessed the Assassination on Elm St. were all talking to each other and also thought the bullets came from the "mound". Hicks testified that after the shots were fired the 1956 Pontiac and the two colored men were gone, GJ p. 7. Hicks continued that "everybody was running towards that position", which was the source of the bullet shots or the "mound", including him, p. 11.
The "mound" is the name Hicks used to describe the Grassy Knoll.
The area Hicks described, as the location of the 1956 Pontiac that was backed up to the fence, and parked with its trunk open, is along that row of trees to the west of the TSBD and to the east (right) of the North Pergola's Tool shed. A car could have easily had room to back in along that service road in front of the TSBD and park to oversee the parade route. To make it all the more convenient, that service road in front of the TSBD (1968 picture), (which also runs parallel to Elm St.) was blocked off due to the Kennedy Parade, GJ p. 7. What was that pipe the colored man in the trunk had? It has been reported that the Jackal was going to kill Charles DeGaulle with a rifle that appeared to be a pipe, or did this colored man in the Pontiac use the pipe or bar to open the manhole cover, or was it simply a weapon, or both.
Finally, witness, Jim Hicks, testified he could not believe, later that day of 11-22-63 reading the newspapers, the Authorities were blaming a "Lone Assassin in the TSBD". Hicks called this "impossible", p. 16. In other words, Hicks knew the Government Authorities were lying about Oswald being the lone Assassin because he, (Hicks), witnessed something entirely different.
Hicks spent the last pages of his 24 page GJ testimony describing the threats made to him and his family should he continue to disclose the evidence he witnessed while Kennedy was being Assassinated. The Pro-Government, "Lone Crazed Gunman Advocates", claim Jim Hicks got all his information on the Assassination from other people in barrooms and that he was committed to the insane asylum for alcoholism. They are not going to claim he was committed because he testified adversely to the Government's lies about JFK's Assassination!
There is also some commentary that Jim Hicks was a "street level radio man" for the JFK Assassination teams in Dealey Plaza that day. The Government doesn't say this because that would prove a Murder Conspiracy. There doesn't seem to be any evidence to support this radio man claim.
Why would any man come forward with fabricated evidence that was contrary to the "Official Lone Gunman Decree"? To get killed? It was public knowledge in Dallas, and by anybody interested by 1968 when Hicks testified for D.A. Garrison, that the type of evidence Hicks presented via his testimony before the New Orleans Grand Jury in January of 1968 could be fatal. By 1968 at least 20 JFK Witnesses had been murdered, some never got a chance to testify, some were killed even though they shut up about what they knew regarding the JFK Assassination and J.D. Tippit's Murder. They knew too much and were Covered-Up by the JFK Co-Conspirators..
The big problem for the citizens who witnessed Kennedy's Assassination is that they were all threatened by the police, F.B.I., and "men in the night". They received threatening phone calls, if they didn't shut up and comply with the official story of three shots from the TSBD. The F.B.I. instructed witnesses that "what they thought they heard and saw was all wrong!" The F.B.I. in Dealey Plaza, and through their follow-up work, made it clear to JFK Witnesses that the "Official JFK Assassination Version" was the only version. Hicks was committed to an insane asylum for his honest appraisal of the evidence via his testimony during the Clay Shaw Murder Conspiracy trial of JFK. The average citizen is no match for the secret police and local policing organizations! The citizens' taxes go to pay the exponentially overwhelming Government attack dogs (cops, prosecutors, secret police) who outnumber him and those same taxes causes the citizen to be out resourced by those unlimited funds, the government provides its attack dogs. Even the bravest citizen with an ideology that was once the Great United States of America is committed to his family and has a job to keep and mortgage to pay, so he is defeated before he starts and remains silent about the Government Injustice and Totalitarianism. But there are rare cases, who have nothing to lose and delight in torturing the Government Actors with their own Scandal and illegalities, and so the Power aids those extraordinary individuals, as the injustice is decimated unable to deal with such rare exceptions. It is difficult for even the unlimited resources of Today's Governments to silence the old who have nothing to look forward to but older age and certain death.
Here is a map of salient issues in Dealey Plaza, including witnesses to the JFK Assassination. James Hicks is not located in the row of parade watchers to the east (left) of the Stemmons Highway sign on the north side of Elm St.. James Hicks does not appear listed on the north side row of parade watchers to the east/left of the Stemmons Highway sign in this frame allegedly from the Zapruder Film as Kennedy's Limo passes down Elm St. The Hicks next to the Stemmons sign is Karan Hicks, not James Hicks. The source of those witness locations were from frames of the Zapruder film, the same frames that show that row of witnesses east of the Stemmons Highway sign to be frozen with no movement, while parade watchers on the other side of the street do move!
Because James Hicks is not located on those two JFK Assassination Researcher's maps, should that be cause to void James Hick's testimony? No, any frame from the Zapruder film should be questioned because the Zapruder film was falsified to hide the real evidence. Here is another frame from the Zapruder film that has pasted the overhead signs on Elm St. that were installed in the late 1960's. See the 3 black overhead rectangles at the intersection of Elm and Houston Sts.? Those are the back sides of the the 3 traffic signs, one featuring the new Stemmons Highway sign; those overhead signs at the intersection of Elm and Houston Sts. did not exist in 1963.
Emmet J. Hudson was the caretaker at Dealey Plaza and a serious mistake by the Warren Commission. Hudson was one of the 3 men grouped standing on the concrete stairs on the west side of the North Pergola that sits on the Grassy Knoll. That picture, taken by news reporter, Altgens, needs a little more commentary; Hudson is the man on the stairs furthest to the left (west) with the white hat and pot belly. Jean Hill and Mary Mooreman are the two women with their backs to the camera (red and black coats) on the South side of Elm St. watching S. S. Agent, Clint Hill, jump on back of Kennedy's Presidential Limo, just after Kennedy had been Assassinated in front of the Grassy Knoll. The Warren Commission probably thought Hudson was "user friendly" because he worked for the local Government, but Hudson's testimony exposed some outrageous cover-up evidence by the JFK Murder Conspirators. Hudson, via W/C testimony, revealed that the Stemmons Highway sign was moved after the JFK Assassination and did not appear in CE 875 photos taken on 12-5-63 during a Secret Service Re- enactment of the Assassination. This corroborates the evidence produced by Jim Hicks at the Clay Shaw Grand Jury indictment held by New Orleans D.A. Jim Garrison regarding Hicks' testimony that a "caution sign" was hit by bullets and immediately removed.
The reason Hudson could not find the Stemmons sign in CE 875 photo 18 during his W/C testimony is because the Stemmons sign was removed by the police on 11-22-63, also as per citizen - witness, Jim Hicks, and not replaced until after 12-5-63. Emmet Hudson testifies, while being unable to locate the Stemmons Highway sign in CE 875 photo 18, that the Stemmons Highway sign "is not in the picture" (CE 875 photo 18). Warren Commission Counsel, Liebler, is quick to point out during Hudson's W/C testimony that in CE 875 photo 18 there are only two signs, "R.I. Thornton Freeway", and the other says "Fort Worth Turnpike" (Stemmons Highway sign is missing). Hudson further testifies that, "Now, they have moved some of those signs. They have moved the R.L. Thorton Freeway sign and put up a Stemmons Sign." Even W/C Counsel - Liebeler figures it out, and summarizes that the reason the Stemmons Highway sign appears in Hudson Ex. 1 is because that photo was taken on 11-22-63(seconds before JFK shot), and CE 875 photo #18 doesn't show the Stemmons sign because that photo was taken on 12-5-63 before the Stemmons sign was replaced. . Hudson doesn't tell us, because no one wanted to know and didn't ask, if the Stemmons sign was put back in a different spot than its exact original location, on and before, the JFK Assassination.
At the time of the Assassination, the Fort Worth sign was further back (to the west or further left of the Pergola) than in CE 875 photo 18 which is clear, according to W/C Counsel, Liebler, that photo 18 in CE 875 showed only two signs and the Fort Worth sign is much closer to the North Pergola in that photo CE 875 than at the Assassination. Just as Hudson testified, the Authorities did replace the Stemmons sign, and in time for the May 1964 JFK Assassination Re-enactment by the F.B.I. in Dealey Plaza and the Fort Worth sign was put back ("moved" according to Hudson during W/C testimony) closer to its original location at 11-22-63 (further west or left of the Pergola than as show in CE 875 Photo 18) as was the Stemmons sign replaced. By 1967 the Stemmons Highway sign was gone forever and replaced by one the overhead signs at the intersection of Elm and Houston Sts., but Fort Worth sign remained to the west of the North Pergola, by itself.
Emmet J. Hudson confirmed per his instant account of facts that the bullets fired at Kennedy "came from behind and above me." If you look at the Mary Moorman picture which includes Hudson in the background standing on the stairs of the Grassy Knoll, the fence on the Grassy Knoll is behind (see Frame 55 of Muchmore film that includes the base of the fence) and above him. Or, see the Moorman Polaroid photo as it included Hudson on the stairs and the fence on the Grassy Knoll behind him. Those fingerprints on the photo are the vandalism the cops did to Moorman photos, but at least she got that one back from the cops.
Here's what Dealey Plaza looked like in 1959 in the western Cowboy town of Dallas, Texas before the New World Order was allowed to enter the Lone Star State. No Signs in front of the tourist monument called the North Pergola, as one would expect.
There are many Pro-Government Advocates that claim the windshield of the Presidential Limo was not hit by a bullet, but the Warren Commission acknowledged this bullet fragment evidence and related scrapings taken out of the windshield as introduced by the Secret Service.
Some Dealey Plaza witnesses, like U.S. Army Ranger, Randolph Carr, described automatic weapon fire because they heard such rapid fire, which they didn't describe as a Cross-fire but a Shootin' Gallery. One Lone Gunman with a bolt action Mannlicher - Carcano rifle would take over 2 seconds to load and aim and fire between shots, so either someone had a machine gun or the Assassins all fired at the same time as signaled.
WBAP T.V. camera man James Darrell goes behind fence on "Grassy Knoll" looking for evidence immediately following the Assassination. His 1963 coverage is on "You Tube". Like the amateur films of Mark Bell, Malcomb Couch and a host of others, that WBAP TV film footage shows masses of people running to the Grassy Knoll and behind the fence into the Parking lot behind the Grassy Knoll. No one in Dealey Plaza was paying any attention to the TSBD after the Assassination in Dealey Plaza. It was not until the police entered the TSBD that that building got any attention on 11-22-63, according to surviving films that are on the Internet.
The Warren Commission took testimony from 555 witnesses, via affidavit, deposition or before the Commission. Of the 90 questioned about where the gun shots came from that 11-22-63 in Dealey Plaza, 58 said the gun shots came from the Grassy Knoll. Almost all that witnessed the gun shots come from the Grassy Knoll were dismissed by the Warren Commission. The one witness, S. M. Holland, who was not dismissed and testified that the shots came from behind the fence on the Grassy Knoll, was deliberately misconstrued by the Warren Commission to support their Proclamation of 3 shots from a gunman shooting from behind Kennedy in the southeast 6th floor window of the TSBD.
According to Assassination Researcher, Mark Lane, on Jack Andersen's TV show, "Who Murdered J. F. K.", in 1988, 68% of the people in Dealey Plaza that 11-22-63 were told to commit perjury by the F. B. I.. In other words, the F. B. I. told them they didn't witness the events they observed that instant 11-22-63, and to change their testimony. Both Jean Hill and Mary Moorman received that same treatment at the hands of the F.B.I. in their Dealey Plaza "Command Center" in the Records Building.
Otis Williams a TSBD employee stood on the front stairs of the TSBD that faced Elm St. when President Kennedy's Limo went by on Elm St.. Williams, per interview of the mid 1960's which is on "You Tube", did not hear any gun shots on that Friday afternoon in Dealey Plaza.
F. B. I. Agent Robert Frazier (a ballistics expert) claimed that the citizens and police who heard gun shots from the Grassy Knoll actually were hearing Sonic Booms in Dealey Plaza. The F. B. I. tried to convince these witnesses, including Mary Moorman, that they heard echoes, not gun shots from the Grassy Knoll. This same F. B. I. ballistics expert, Robert Frazier (see pg. 404), would admit that the test firing that he and his team of F.B.I. riflemen did on the Mannlicher - Carcano rifle the Warren Commission claimed Oswald fired 3 shots from the south east 6th floor window of the TSBD was impossible because the scope was so defective that the rifle was not accurate at 15 yards while shooting at a stationary target. F.B.I. Frazier indicated per his Warren Commission Testimony that the cheap Japanese scope was defective causing gross inaccuracy of the rifle at 15yds while shooting at a stationary target.
A little freckle faced grammar school student, Rosemary Fitzgerald, and her family, returned to the Boston, Mass. area fleeing Washington D.C., shortly after their relative President John F. (Fitzgerald) Kennedy was Assassinated. Rosemary became a snobby little girl when her relative, the new President of the United States, appointed her father to a Washington position in 1961. She returned to speak to her old school mates and exclaimed that "Johnson did it." And the school children ran away mocking her.
VII. Evidence in the 6th floor of the TSBD - Oswald did it?
Witness, Harold Norman, a TSBD employee looking out the 5th floor window of the TSBD directly under the 6th floor window the Government claims Oswald fired 3 rifle shots, claimed to hear a gunman on the 6th floor of TSBD. Norman stated he heard the bolt action of a rifle, as well as, 3 rifle shots. This witness was very descriptive, per interview, he heard "click-boom", "click-boom", "click-boom'. Wait a minute, he's missing a click in that description of a bolt action rifle being loaded and fired; it should have been "click - click - boom". Here is Dallas Reporter Dillard's Photo of the TSBD taken within 60 seconds after the shots broke out in Dealey Plaza, catching TSBD employees, Ray and Jarman, looking out the 5th floor TSBD window as they were viewing the Kennedy's Motorcade. Also note there is no one in the 6th floor southeast window of the TSBD above them, nothing but boxes and dirty windows.
Amos Euins was a 15 year old black male, who testified he was watching the Kennedy motorcade on Elm St. across from the TSBD. Per interview Euins stated, "I seen him in the sixth floor (TSBD) with the pipe sticking out". Euins stated he heard three shots come from that same location. Euins was the witness some claim alerted the Dallas police that the gunman was in the TSBD. But Amos Euins never claimed to identify the person in the window. There is other evidence that the actual description by the Dallas Police at 12:45pm of the lone gunman in the 6th floor window was given them by an unidentified person. Amos Euins original 1967 TV interviews are on "You Tube".
Euins testified before the Warren Commission, Vol. II, p. 201, and he testified that he was allowed by his High School to take the day off to see the U.S. President. Euins chose to watch the U.S. President and Motorcade pass in Dealey Plaza right across the street from the TSBD at the corner where the fountain is located at Houston and Elm St.; Euins marked W/C Exhibit 366 with an "X" to indicate the location he was standing to watch the Kennedy Motorcade, p. 204. Euins testified that as the President passed he saw a pipe sticking out of the window of the TSBD, and then heard what he thought was a backfire, p. 204, he testified he did not react to the backfire other than to look around, p. 209, and then he looked up again at the same window and "he shot again". Euins testified that he then "got behind the little fountain" and saw him fire a third and fourth shot, Euins testified he saw the rifle barrel and trigger and that he could not identify the rifleman other than he had a "bald spot on his head" but he did see the man's hand on the trigger, p. 204. Otherwise, Euins testified that he could not tell how tall the man was (probably because the rifleman could not be standing to shoot out the the TSBD window), that he did not see what he was wearing or his hair color, he had no hat, and he did not know his race (a white man or a black man), "because these boxes were throwing a reflection", p. 207. Euins testified that he did not see a telescope on the rifle, p. 207. Euins testified that he saw the rifle sticking out of the TSBD window about 14", p. 205, and then later on testified he saw 3' of rifle barrel sticking out of the window, p. 207. Finally, Euins testified he did not get a good look a the rifleman in the window that he saw shoot at the U.S. President, id.
Euins testified that "there was boxes in half of this one" (window) were indicated with a "9" in the same window he placed on "X" on Exhibit 366, p. 208, and that that window was open about 19", p. 209.
However Euins initially stated per his Affidavit given to the Dallas Sheriff's Dept. that the man with the rifle who shot at the President was a white man. When questioned by the W/C Counsel Specter about his identification of the rifleman as a white man, Euins denied saying it and claimed he actually said, "I could see a white spot on his head, not that he was a white man," p. 208.
Euins told the news reporter James Underwood that the man in window of the TSBD with the rifle was a colored man and repeated this according to Underwood, see W/C Vol. VI, p. 170-171.
Euins testified that after he heard 4 shots fired by the man in the window that he ran to the railroad tracks while making an "B" and "C" on Exhibit 365 to show his path were he told a policeman he had seen the shot, p. 205. The police officer gave him a ride on his motorcycle to the front of the TSBD, p. 205. Euins testified that when when he was in front of the TSBD to give his witness information to the police a "construction man" told the officer, who gave Euins a motorcyle ride to the front of the TSBD, that he "saw a man run out the back" (of TSBD), p. 205. Euins testified that this construction man said the man who ran out the back had a "kind of bald spot on his head," p. 206. Euins did not know the name of this "construction man" who told the police that a man with a "kind of bald spot on his head" ran out the back of the TSBD, id.
Neither, Amos Euins or Harold Norman ever attached a human identification to the 3 shots they said came from the 6th floor of the TSBD, nor did they ever attempt to identify any TSBD shooter at a police line-up.
The parade watchers were thick in front and on each side of Elm St. and Houston St. where the TSBD was located on the President's parade route, per review of original TV Network and amateur film clips. Why didn't more people at least hear 3 bullets blast from the rifle that the Warren Commission claimed was aimed out the southeast window on the 6th floor of the TSBD? This makes no sense whatsoever. Some of the parade watchers at the south corner of Elm and Houston would have been looking right at the TSBD. If a rifle was fired from the 6th floor of the TSBD as Harold Norman states (NO Silencer if 3 "booms"), the crowds that lined the streets would have not just heard the shots but would re-acted in panic and fear; the parade watchers would have fled in fear, if Norman was correct. Watch the films of activity in Dealey Plaza that include the TSBD just after the President is shot, there is no attention paid by anyone to the TSBD! The attention is all directed to the Grassy Knoll!
There was not even a parade watcher pointing to the TSBD where the Warren Commission insists Oswald fired 3 shots from the southeast 6th floor window. If the Warren Commission was correct, the films that existed of the TSBD and the crowds of Parade Watchers immediately after Kennedy was shot should have revealed the Parade Watchers yelling and screaming and pointing and looking in panic, fear at the southeast 6th floor window of the TSBD and fleeing the area of that 6th floor window and its Warren Commission rifleman. However, they paid no attention to the TSBD at all.
If Lee Harvey Oswald, or any gunman, fired 3 rifle shots out that southeast window of the TSBD 6th floor, the noise would have caused the parade watchers to immediately shift all their attention to the source of that shot causing them to see the rifleman shoot 2 more times as the Warren Commission claims from that southeast window of the 6th floor of the TSBD. The Warren Commission's rifleman could have spit on many of the parade watchers at the corner of Elm and Houston Sts. from that 6th floor southeast window of the TSBD. The closest shot from the 6th floor southeast window of the TSBD at Kennedy's Limo would have been only about 90 feet and most of that would have been due to the 61 foot elevation of the 6th floor. Why would a rifleman in the TSBD wait until Kennedy's Limo was over 175 feet away before firing the first shot? The final shot was 88 yards from the TSBD. It should be pointed out that the view from the 6th floor southeast of the TSBD to Kennedy's Limo on Elm St. traveling towards the Grassy Knoll was partially blocked by trees.
If the Warren Commission was correct about their claim of 3 rifle shots from the southeast 6th floor window of the TSBD, the parade watchers would have reacted to the TSBD, but a review of the TV Network films and amateur films of activity immediately after the Assassination show the parade watchers, including the multitude in front of the TSBD, had no interest, whatsoever, in anything to do with the TSBD or its 6th floor. The parade watchers were all running and looking to where they heard the shots come from, the Grassy Knoll. This is filmed evidence that, once again, snuffs the Warren Commission's Lone Crazed Gunman Decree.
Howard Brennan is the Warren Commission's Star Witness
Howard Brennan was the Warren Commission's star witness. According to his instant Dallas Sheriff's Affidavit of 11-22-63, he stated he was seated on a concrete retaining wall at the southeast corner of Elm St. which he stated gave him a clear view of the south side of the TSBD. He stated, per an F. B. I. report, that "he heard a backfire as Kennedy's Limo was 30 yards past him traveling down Elm St.." He "did not distinctly hear a second shot, but the thought occurred someone must have been shooting firecrackers and therefore there must have been a second shot". "Distinctly remembering what he considers a third shot, whereupon he looked upward and observed a man standing on the 6th floor at a window in the TSBD with a rifle in his hand which protruded outside the window a short distance and was pointed in the direction of the President's car". Per the same F. B. I. report, "he observed this person to take deliberate aim and after the shot was fired, saw the man lowered the rifle and stepped back from the window, observing momentarily the scene below."
In this same F. B .I. report Brennan describes the rifleman in the 6th floor (not specifically the southeast window) as a "white male, early '30's, appeared to be 5' 10" and 165lbs., no hat, light colored clothes, possibly khaki, could have been wearing a sweater or light weight jacket." Brennan describes the gunman in the 6th floor southeast window of the TSBD per his Dallas County Sheriff's Affidavit as "I did not notice anything unusual about this man. He was a white man in his early 30's, slender, nice looking, would weigh about 165 to 175 pounds. He had on light colored clothing, but definitely not a suit."
Brennan estimated the distance between him and the rifleman was about 90'. He stated he was farsighted.
The clothes Brennan describes do not match those that Lee Harvey Oswald wore that day of 11-22-63, as per news photos of his arrest at the Texas Theater.
Brennan stated he could identify this rifleman in the "east end window" of the 6th floor of the TSBD. See Aff. last line.
However, Brennan, per the same F. B. I. report, failed to positively identify Lee Harvey Oswald in the Dallas P. D. lineup. That was one of three Oswald line-ups by the Dallas P. D. on 11-22-63 that included 3 other males, all older and dressed in suits. The F. B. I. report states that, per Brennan, Oswald most closely resembled the rifleman of all the 4 men in the police lineup. But Brennan could not positively identify Oswald as the gunman.
Additionally, Mr. Brennan saw an arrested Lee Harvey Oswald on TV before going to the Dallas P. D. to view that lineup that included 3 middle aged men in suits and one, Lee Harvey Oswald in a white T - shirt and a black eye. Brennan still failed to make a positive identification of Oswald as the man in the 6th floor TBSD window. The police lineup was illegal because it was impermissibly prejudicial against Oswald, who was the only one wearing a white t-shirt in the line up and looked nothing like the other 3. Some of the line-ups by the Dallas Police that weekend of 11-22-63 with Lee Harvey Oswald included 3 teenagers and Mexicans.
Brennan's boss, Sandy Speaker, stated that Government Agents grabbed Howard Brennan and Brennan was not seen at work for 3 weeks after the Assassination. Speaker also claimed that when Brennan returned to work he was scared to death.
Brennan testified before the Warren Commission something totally different. He identified Lee Harvey Oswald as the rifleman he saw shoot from the 6th floor window of TSBD.
According to films taken on 11-22-63 in Dealey Plaza of the corner of Elm and Houston as Kennedy's Motorcade passed, Brennan was not seated across from the TSBD but was seated causing him to be looking at the Dal-Tex Building, a totally different direction by 90 degrees.
Another problem for this sole witness, Brennan, who claims to have seen a man in the 6th floor window of the TSBD complete with rifle is that he states to the F. B. I., and as per TV interviews, that the rifleman was standing when he aimed and fired. Per numerous pictures of that window it does not open enough for a man to stand and shoot. All pictures of that famous 6th floor window at 11-22-63 show the glass in that window to be filthy and not capable of allowing anyone to identify a person on the other side of the window. The windows in the TSBD were standard double-hung windows that you find in most houses, and they only open, at most half way from the sill. News reporter, Dillard, photographed the TSBD, including the southeast 6th floor window one minute after Kennedy was shot; that 6th floor window was not opened more than 12" when Kennedy was shot.
Further, not only would it have been impossible to see the rifleman standing in a window on the "east end of the 6th floor of the TSBD" from the waist up, but such a rifleman could not have fired a rifle from any window in the TSBD from a standing position because the window glass would be in the way, as was the case of the southeast window the Warren Commission claimed Oswald fired from. The window was only open 12" from the sill making it impossible for a rifleman to stand and shoot.
With all the multitudes of people on the parade route in and around the TSBD at 12:30pm. why didn't anybody else see this rifleman? The way this Warren Commission witness, Brennan, portrays the rifleman, and his shots with a rifle, it was a virtual public advertisement. The noise from the rifle shots, as above described by witness Norman, would have caused every parade watcher's attention and panic of being shot. This guy Brennan never expressed that he had any fear of being in close range of this Lone Gunman. There was no panic by the parade watchers who had lined Houston and Elm St. in and around the TSBD per the Zapruder film or any other films that recorded that area during or after Kennedy was shot. The parade watchers ignored the TSBD at Houston and Elm St. and ran west to the Grassy Knoll and behind its fence where the riflemen had shot Kennedy.
A Silencer caused the Muffled Firecracker Shots?
Howard Brennan, the Warren Commission's star witness and only person who claims (after changing his testimony months later after 11-22-63) to see Lee Harvey Oswald firing from a window in the TSBD, also stated instantly to the Dallas Police and F.B.I. that he first heard a "backfire from an automobile" go off first and then rifle shots that killed Kennedy immediately followed.
Did the Warren Commission's rifleman on the 6th floor have a silencer on his rifle? That would mean at least 2 gunmen, one from the fence and one from the 6th floor of the TSBD. But 2 gunmen and silencers to account for no one hearing or seeing the Warren Commission's Lone Gunman in 6th floor doesn't fit the Warren Commission's story of Assassination. The Warren Commission decreed that three shots were fired and that all shots heard that day in Dealey Plaza came from one gunman on the 6th floor of the TSBD.
A silencer would be something to be avoided by the Warren Commission because it would indicate a sophisticated assassin with extraordinary resources, as opposed to a Lone Crazed Gunman, who spent $12.95 for a junk 1940 rifle and few more bucks for a 4X (four power) scope. The F. B. I. confirmed the 4X scope which was "Made in Japan" was defective by 5" high and 2" to the right at a shot of 25 yards. 25 yards is so short it is not worthy of a rifle shot. At 100 yards shot, the F.B.I. confirmed the cheap 4 power scope was defective by 5" high and 5" to the right. Kennedy's Limo was close to the 100 yard shot; the Warren Commission claimed that the first shot hit Kennedy at 175' from the TSBD and the third shot hit Kennedy at 265'. See Warren Commission Vol. III pages 404 -405 (testimony of F.B.I. Ballistics Expert - Robert Frazier).
The Mannlicher-Carcano Rifle the Warren Commission claims was Kennedy's murder weapon, as retrieved by the Dallas Police on 11-22-63 behind some boxes of the 6th floor of the TSBD, did not have a silencer.
S.S. Agent Roy Kellerman testified to the Warren Commission that after he "remembered hearing the first audible muzzle blast or mechanically suppressed fired bullet bow shockwave, the assassination then ended in a "flurry of shells" coming into the limousine that reminded him of jet sonic-boom sound quickness." Yes sir boys and girls, under all that excess verbiage, so as to not be to direct and upset the Authorities, Kellerman was testifying that at least one silencer was used and that there was a "turkey shoot" or a "Cross Fire" in Dealey Plaza. Kellerman was seated in the front passenger seat of Kennedy's Limo on Elm St. on 11-22-63. This suppression, as Kellerman describes, ties in with the various witnesses describing first hearing a firecracker or backfire or cherry bomb.
Roy Kellerman was the Secret Service Agent sitting in the front passenger seat of President Kennedy's Limo as it toured Dallas, Texas, including Elm St.. When the shots started hitting the President and Governor Connally, the Zapruder Film shows that Kellerman was prepared because Kellerman did not flinch. Here's a guy that pledges to protect the U.S. President and Kellerman doesn't even react to Kennedy getting his head blown out! For that matter, none of the Secret Service Agents in the car behind the Presidential Limo seemed too interested in protecting the President. Only S.S. Hill, who was in the car behind the JFK Presidential Limousine, reacted and he was allegedly a last minute fill-in that day.
There may be exceptions, like James Bond in Dr. No, but silencers are not silent. In fact, a silencer reduces a high powered rifle by only 40 decibels from a normal noise level of a bullet being fired of between 140 - 160 decibels. A rifle silencer disguises a rifle shot. That is exactly how many witnesses described the first shot they heard in Dealey Plaza, as a firecracker or backfire. Not only that, but a silencer has no rifling (machining inside the rifle barrel) which causes the bullet to be less accurate when fired with a silencer attached to the end of a rifle barrel. The first shot was heard in Dealey Plaza when Kennedy's Limousine was just passing the TSBD and long before the Stemmons Highway Sign on Elm St., and that same first shot described by many witnesses as sounding like a firecracker did not hit anyone in the Presidential Limousine. Was that first shot the one bullet that hit by-stander Jame Tague? Or was the first shot the one that witnesses saw bounce off Elm St.? Maybe, but it did not hit Kennedy.
Over 80 Kennedy Parade watchers in Dealey Plaza on 11-22-63 came forward and stated they heard a firecracker. See the Internet for the list of these witnesses at "jfkthefrontshot.blogspot.com/2013/os/it-sounded-like-firecracker.html.
Here is the argument that believers in the Government's "Lone Crazed Gunman Decree" make to support their "Oswald did it." Point #4, is disproved above in this article and totally ignores all the witnesses who saw riflemen behind the fence on the Grassy Knoll. The rest of the points the "Lone Gunman Advocates" make is easily disproved as below.
VIII. Cross Fire Conspiracy is Corroborated by the Dallas Police
The Kennedy Assassination Co-Conspirators would have been much more successful with their planned "Lone Crazed Gunman Decree" had the first shot in Dealey Plaza hit and killed President Kennedy, but the first shot missed as did many more in the hail of bullets fired as the Presidential Limousine traveled down Elm St. and finally came to a stop in front of the Grassy Knoll after being signaled by Cuban's in front of the Stemmons Highway sign. Had JFK collapsed on the Limousine floor after being hit by the first shot in the throat, it would not have done him any good because the Secret Service Agents were part of the Assassination Squad and there were more gunmen on route to Parkland Hospital.
When reviewing the commentaries on the Kennedy Assassination there is a constant argument that shots came from behind Kennedy, as per the Warren Commission's Decree, vs. the shots came from the front of Kennedy. There is testimony from too many unbiased citizens, and instant actions and accounts by Dallas Police Officers, who only wanted to help, that corroborates there were shots fired in Dealey Plaza from both the front and the back of Kennedy on Elm St.. This does not create a contradiction but a corroboration of the Cross-Fire Conspiracy by multiple riflemen on that day of 11-22-63 in Dealey Plaza. To this Web Site's research there is only one witness, A. J. Millican, who said he heard gun shots that came from both the front and rear. There is an old rule known to many, that you can not determine the source of a single gun shot; that the human ear can only determine the source of the unseen gun when it fires at least 2 shots.
If, as the evidence corroborates, there was more than one gunman they all wouldn't be shooting from the same window or location. The evidence in Dealey Plaza at 11-22-63 indicates that shots were fired from locations in front and behind President Kennedy's as his Limo took the left turn on to Elm St., and traveled by the Grassy Knoll. That's probably why autopsy photos of Kennedy show 2 holes in Kennedy's back. The Zapruder film makes it clear that Kennedy was fired on from his front.
21 Dallas Police Officers heard shots that they identified as coming from the Grassy Knoll, which would be from the front of Kennedy. That's why so many Dallas Police are shown on the films taken immediately after the shooting of Kennedy running to and behind the fence on the Grassy Knoll where the North Pergola sits in Dealey Plaza. Some Dallas Police where caught on the aftermath films and in photographs searching the railroad yard and parking lot behind the Grassy Knoll immediately after the Assassination. Some Dallas Police even made a capture of 3 "Hobos" who were hiding in a box car located in the railroad yard controlled by Lee Bowers which was immediately behind the Grassy Knoll in Dealy Plaza.
The U.S. President had 2 bullet holes in his back, as per Official Autopsy Photo, that mistakenly got released by the Government. Watch the Zapruder film which is on the Internet. The Zapruder Film shows President Kennedy was also shot from the front in the throat and front right temple of his head causing the back of his head to suffer a massive exit wound that the Authorities, including the F.B.I. and Warren Commission, had to conceal. See more evidence in the "Medical Evidence" sections that follow below. Watch out for the Zapruder films on the Internet there are variations; some variations claim to be pre-Life Magazine which should be the best and most complete version. You be the judge.
IX. Lee Harvey at Work TSBD 11-22-63 - People in the TSBD at 12:30pm on 11-22-63
One of the objects of this article on the Kennedy Assassination is to re-create the crime scene of the murder of JFK, part of the crime scene is the TSBD. In this section of "Kennedy Assassination 50 Years of Evidence" the evidence surrounding the TSBD will be examined. The evidentiary issues examined will be where was LHO at 12:30 when Kennedy was shot and how did he leave the TSBD. Also, other evidentiary issues will be examined, including how did the riflemen seen in the TSBD manage to escape and whoever were they?, and were the elevators in the TSBD stopped to aid in the escape of the riflemen, who were the two "Secret Service"agents at the back door of the TSBD immediately after JFK was shot?, what was the part of TSBD employees Billy Shelley and Billy Lovelady in the Assassination, as well as, the activities of TSBD Harold Norman, James Jarman, Charles Given, Bonnie Ray Williams, and Jack Doherty.
Before all this analysis we come up with the same answer to the most important question, which is what happened to the riflemen/Assassins in the TSBD? We knew that at least one rifleman was arrested by the Dallas Police and then released and never heard of again, just like the the 3 Hobos who were arrested about an hour after Kennedy was shot and Walter Cronkite said on live TV, "they have Kennedy's murders, they are the killers". The Dallas P.D. released all 3 by the evening claiming that they never questioned them or even got the names.
This section required an extensive review of transcripts and D.P.D. reports/affs, SS reports, F.B.I. Reports and other documents and additional reading/research, but it did yield some unexpected nuggets of evidence, including that Jack Ruby was at the TSBD @ 12:30 and therefore his alibi was a lie, and that there were 2 Secret Service Agents at the back door of the TSBD immediately after 12:30 when JFK was shot, and that D.P.D. Inspector Sawyer came across an unidentified man fleeing the TSBD in the front elevator
Here is another source of the "Timing of Events" in the TSBD on 11-22-63 which shows evidence that Lee Harvey Oswald was not on the 6th floor of the TSBD where the Warren Commission claimed that Oswald was located and shot Kennedy..
Starting on October 15, 1963, Lee Harvey Oswald worked in the Texas School Book Depository (TSBD), at 411 Elm St.. The building was a privately owned by H.L. Hunt's buddy, D.H. Byrd, and had nothing to do with the State of Texas or any government organization. Oswald worked as a book order picker for the Texas School Book Depository Company, that was in the business of selling school books. It was Mrs. Paine that got Oswald the job at the TSBD through Mr. Truly of the TSBD, as is the evidence of this article on the Assassination of JFK both Mrs. Paine and Mr. Truly were C.I.A. operatives.
When arrested and charged by the Dallas Police for the murder of President Kennedy Lee Harvey Oswald had an alibi. According to the Warren Commission, Oswald stated he had eaten his lunch in the TSBD lunchroom, alone, but did see two Negro employees walk through there while he was eating lunch. Oswald per alibi identified one of the Negroes as Junior and said the other Negro was shorter and that he could identify him but didn't know his name. Junior was James Jarman's name and he was with Harold Norman at that time in the TSBD. Norman testified that he quit for lunch around 11:45 and ate in the Domino Room, p. 188. Norman testified that he could not remember who else was in the Domino Room when he was eating lunch, p. 189. Jarman testified he did not eat in the lunchroom, W/C p. 201. Jarman was clear that he did not see or eat with LHO during his lunch time, p. 201.
Where was Lee Harvey Oswald at 12:30pm when Kennedy was shot?
Fellow Texas School Book Depository employee, Ed Piper, (see W/C Vol. 6 p. 383-384) saw and spoke to Lee Harvey Oswald on the first floor lunch room at about 12:00 noon on that 11-22-63.
Jack Dougherty testified that when he was on the sixth floor, just before he heard the shots while on the fifth floor, there was no one else on the 6th floor and that he confirmed he was all alone, W/C Vol. VI p. 381. [another alibi for LHO]
A secretary at the TSBD, Carolyn Arnold, who worked on the 4th floor of the TBSD was another perfect witness who was not called by the Warren Commission testify; the Warren Commission simply declined to have her testify before the Commission and for good reason. Arnold's saw fellow employee, Lee Harvey Oswald, at 12:25pm. on the second floor lunch room that 11-22-63 while she was on her way out of the TSBD to watch the Kennedy motorcade pass on Elm St. The F.B.I. interviewed Carolyn Arnold twice and had real problems with the eye witness evidence she presented that made it impossible for Oswald to be in two places at the same time; if Oswald was in the 2d floor lunch room at 12:25 on 11-22-63, then, he didn't shoot Kennedy at 12:30, and then, be questioned on the 2d floor of the TSBD lunchroom by the Dallas motorcycle Cop, Marion Baker, 90 seconds after Kennedy was shot. Carolyn Arnold's eye witness evidence that Lee Harvey Oswald was downstairs in TSBD lunchroom at 12:25 and the Dallas cop, Baker, testifying that he saw Oswald in that same lunchroom 90 seconds after Kennedy was shot at 12:30 proves the Oswald never left the lunchroom and was not on the 6th floor of the TSBD when Kennedy was shot.
So what did the F.B.I. do about Carolyn Arnold's eye witness testimony that she saw Lee Harvey Oswald at 12:25 in the second floor lunchroom of the TSBD? The F.B.I. falsified both investigative interview reports (1st F.B.I. report and second unsigned F.B.I. affidavit of Carolyn Arnold) they took from Carolyn Arnold. Arnold ( later remarried becoming Carolyn Johnston) was interviewed by Dallas Morning News reporter Earle Golz and Arnold told Golz that she was surprised by the two F.B.I. reports and that both reports were inaccurate. Carolyn Arnold confirmed to Golz exactly what she saw on 11-22-63 and told the F.B.I., and that is that she was on her way out of the TSBD at 12:25 to see the Kennedy motorcade and that is when she saw Lee Harvey Oswald sitting in the 2d floor lunchroom.
But Carolyn Arnold was not the only witness to give evidence that Oswald could not have been on the 6th floor of the TSBD, (see next). Another TSBD employee, Bonnie Ray Williams, gave evidence that Oswald was not on the 6th floor of the TSBD at 12:20. Williams testimony combined with Arnold's independent eye witness evidence makes it is impossible that Lee Harvey Oswald was on the 6th floor of the TSBD at 12:30 to shoot Kennedy.
Fellow TSBD employee and one of the 6th floor flooring crew, Bonnie Ray Williams, testified to the Warren Commission (W/C Vol. III, p. 172) he was eating lunch on the 6th floor of TSBD until 12:15pm to maybe 12:20pm and he saw nobody on the 6th floor, (W/C Vol. III p. 178). The 6th floor of the TSBD was at the time one open floor plan because it was generic warehouse space. Williams admitted per Warren Commission testimony that he was the one the ate the "chicken dinner" and drank the Dr. Pepper on the 6th floor of the TSBD and left the rubbish (brown paper bag, chicken bones and empty can); this was the "chicken dinner" that the government and "Lone Crazed Assassin" advocates claimed was left by the "cold bolded assassin", Lee Harvey Oswald, who they claimed was so "cold blooded" that he casually ate a "chicken dinner" just before shooting Kennedy. Williams also testified that he was one of the 5 man flooring crew on the 6th floor of the TSBD that had started laying down a new wood floor in the west side of the 6th floor two days before, W/C Vol. III, p. 164. The other flooring crew on the 6th floor were also named by Williams under oath before the Warren Commission as being Billy Shelly, Danny Arce, Charles Givens, Billy Lovelandy.
Bonnie Ray Williams testified after finishing his chicken dinner and Dr. Pepper on the 6th floor of the TSBD he went to the 5th floor to join Harold Norman and James Jarman to watch the Kennedy Motorcade. However he never told the Commission nor was asked by the Commission how he knew Norman and Jarman were on the 5th floor. Norman testified that he and Jarman got to the 5th floor at 12:25-12:28 before Williams.
Charles Given was 36 years old and married; he spent 2 years in the U.S. Navy during W.W. II. Given testified before the Warren Commission he worked at the TSBD for 6 years by 11-22-63 and was one of the 5 man flooring crew on the 6th of the TSBD, see W/C Vol. III p. 347. Givens further testified that he broke for lunch on the 6th floor of the TSBD at 11:45am and went down the elevator with other members of the flooring crew on the 6th floor of the TSBD to the first floor to see the Kennedy parade, p. 349. Given testified that the other members of the flooring crew that went down in the two elevators from the 6th floor to the 1st floor were Bonnie Ray Williams, Billy Lovelady, and Danny Arce, p. 352 & 354. While he was going down in the elevator he saw LHO standing at the gate on the 5th floor, p. 349. Givens testified he realized he left his jacket and cigarettes on the 6th floor and returned from the first floor of the TSBD to the 6th floor by elevator to get his jacket and cigarettes. It was during this return by Given to get his jacket and cigaretts that he testified that he saw LHO on the 6th floor coming from "the window up front where the shots were fired from", p. 349. Givens testified he last saw LHO at 11:55am when Givens got back on the east elevator at the 6th floor to return to the first floor of the TSBS, but first asked LHO if he was "going downstairs" because "it's near lunch time", p. 351. Given stated that Oswald was standing there with his book orders in his hands that he was filling. Oswald replied, "no", but to "close the gate when he gets to the first floor, so the elevator will return", W/C Vol. III p.351. This is substantially the same as what Given stated per interview in the 1960's where Given stated that he asked Oswald if he was going down in the elevator at "about 1 to 2 minutes after noon", this interview is on "You Tube".
Given testified he then got back by elevator to the 1st floor and met Harold Norman and James Jarman they walked outside the TSBD to watch the parade, p. 351. Given testified that he ate his lunch standing outside the TSBD and then decided to leave Norman and Jarman and go to a parking lot where his friends James and Edward Shields worked at the corner of Elm and Record and they watched the motorcade go by at Main and Record, p. 351. When he heard the 3 shots he ran back to Houston and Elm and saw all the people running toward the overpass and railroad tracks; he tried to get back into the TSBD but the police would not allow him in the building, p. 355. Given testified the cop at the front door of the TSBD said he "wouldn't let no one in." id.
Given saw Jarman after all the TSBD employees were allowed to go home. Given went back to the TSBD to get his jacket and the cops grabbed him and he had to go to City Hall to make a statement to Capt. Fritz. id.
Given testified he never saw LHO again in the building after 11:55am and the time Given left the building, W/C Vol. III p. 352. W/C Belin asked Given, "did you see LHO in the domino room at all around anywhere between 11:30 and 12 or 12:30? and Given answered, "No, sir." The Warren Commission Belin asked Given, "did you ever tell anyone that he saw LHO reading a newspaper in the Domino Room of the TSBD (second floor lunchroom) at around 11:50am, 10 minutes to 12 on that morning of 11-22-63?" and Given testified "NO"., W/C Vol. III p. 354.
However, Given's first account of facts, per interview with the F.B.I., regarding his activities in the TSBD and observations of LHO on 11-22-63 were significantly different as recorded per the F.B.I. report. In his first account of facts as given to the F.B.I. report dated 11-23-63 , Given saw Oswald at 11:30am. on the 5th floor not a few minutes before noon on the 6th floor, as Given testified before the Warren Commission. The F.B.I. report also records that Given stated he saw Oswald reading a newspaper in the Domino Room lunchroom of the TSBD at 11:50am.. There was no claim by Given via his instant initial account of facts to the F.B.I. that he returned to the 6th floor of the TSBD to get his jacket and cigarettes or that he saw LHO on the 6th floor of the TSBD.
Charles Given did a good job during his Warren Commission testimony of placing LHO on the 6th floor of the TSBD at noon on 11-23-63 after the flooring crew that Given worked with on the 6th floor left for lunch. And of course, Given denied, via his W/C testimony, that he saw, as he told the F.B.I., LHO reading a newspaper in the Domino lunch of the TSBD at 11:50am.. Why would Given change his testimony so to place LHO on the 6th floor of TSBD at noon, after he, Given, previously told the F.B.I. that LHO was on the 1st floor Domino Lunchroom of the TSBD at about the same time. The answer is that Givens was helping the Warren Commission make LHO look guilty by placing him on the 6th floor of the TSBD where the Warren Commission proclaimed their Lone Crazed Gunman was when he shot Kennedy.
Given per his W/C testimony also claimed that he met Jarman and Harold Norman on the first floor of TSBD and left the building to see the Kennedy motorcade, but what do Jarman and Norman say?
Ochus V. Campbell was Vice President of the Texas School Book Depository on 11-22-63 and was quoted in the "Dallas Times Herald" (last edition for that day of 11-22-63) that "shortly after the shooting we raced back into the building (TSBD) and we saw Lee Harvey Oswald in a small storage room on the ground floor". However, when Campbell wrote his F. B. I. Affidavit 2 days later he excluded that part of his immediate eye witness observation. Nor did Ochus V. Campbell testify for the Warren Commission. And like almost all witnesses in this article for The American Scene Magazine Campbell's information is on "You Tube", see "Texas Shool Book Depository Employees - Part 2". Campbell saw Oswald before Dallas Police Officer, Baker, entered the TSBD in 90 seconds to catch Oswald with a Coca-Cola.
Mrs. Robert A. Reid was a TSBD clerical supervisor who worked in the office on the second floor of the TSBD for 7 years by 1963, and was also a grandmother, W/C Vol. III, p. 270. She spoke to her husband by phone at lunch time and he told Mrs. Reid that the Kennedy motorcade was running 10 minutes late, p. 271. Mrs. Reid left the 2d floor lunchroom of the TSBD at around 12:30pm.. Mrs. Reid took the "passenger elevator" from the 2d floor to the 1st floor to go out the front door of the TSBD to see the President's Motorcade, 272. Mrs. Reid pointed out that the elevator in the front of the TSBD only went up to the 4th floor, 272. She was with a group of TSBD employees on the front steps of the TSBD for several minutes when she walked out to the street and was standing with Mr. Truly and Mr. Campbell, 273. While watching the President's Parade, Mrs. Reid testified she heard 3 shots from over her head that the 3 shots came from the TSBD; she looked up at the TSBD and saw 3 colored boys in the windows and recognized one as Jarman, p. 273. She testified that the 3 colored boys were several stories up, 273. Mrs. Reid ran returning to the second floor TSBD office using the front stairs (staircase only goes 2 floors, 1 to 2) and she spoke to no one, after the shots rang out in Dealey Plaza. She testified that as she was walking into the 2d floor TSBD, LHO entered the back door of that office, p. 274. She told Oswald that "Oh the President has been shot" but maybe the didn't hit him, p. 274. She testified that "LHO mumbled something but she didn't pay any attention to him because he was very calm", p. 274. She testified that she thought it a little strange that an warehouse boy would be in the office at the time, especially seeing that LHO had a coke in his hand and did not need change for the coke machine, p. 274. She didn't think anything else, p. 274. Mrs. Reid testified that it took her 2 minutes to come across LHO from the time she heard the last shot, p. 275. Mrs. Reid testified that LHO was wearing a white T-shirt and some kind of wash trousers (she did not explain what "wash trousers" were); she testified he was not wearing a jacket, p. 276. She repeated that LHO was very calm and moving slow when she saw him in the TSBD office, p. 278-279. Mrs. Reid testified that LHO did not exit through the back door of her office which LHO used to enter her office, but she guessed he used the front door of the office to exit outside, but she added that she did not know how LHO exited the TSBD, p.278.
How Mrs. Reid could determine LHO's coke was full, she did not explain, p. 278.
She said per Affidavit that Oswald "mumbled something and kept walking". She also said that Lee Harvey had a coke in his hand during this encounter. W/C Vol. VII.
She further stated, per Affidavit, that Lee Harvey Oswald calmly walked by her on his way to the lunchroom.
Neither Mrs. Reid or Campbell mention anything about the Dallas Police, in particular Marion Baker, entering the building at or before the time they saw Oswald inside the TSBD after Reid and Campbell returned inside because the shots were fired. If they saw Oswald before Dallas motorcycle cop, Marion Baker, then that cuts back the 90 second time the Warren Commission allowed for Oswald to leave the southeast 6th floor TSBD window and be on the 2d lunchroom drinking a coke after the shooting. Anything less than 90 seconds would be so impossible that not even the Warren Commission would have made such claims about their "Lone Crazed Assassin".
Billie Lovelady a TSBD employee, since 1961, testified he worked as a truck driver and stockman at the TSBD, Warren Commission, Vol. VI, p. 336. Lovelady testified that he was on the 6th floor of the TSBD putting in a floor with the flooring crew, p. 337. Lovelady testified that the flooring crew consisted of himself and fellow TSBD employees Bonnie Ray Williams, Danny Arce, and Charles Givens (aka Slim), p. 337. Lovelady stated that their flooring job on the 6th floor was supervised by Mr. Shelley a supervisor at the TSBD, p. 337. This flooring job was taking place on the 6th floor of the TSBD by 5 men on 11-22-63 as confirmed by their Supervisor Mr. William Shelley during his Warren Commission testimony, Vol. VI. on the morning of the Assassination Day of John Kennedy of 11-22-63 until noon, when that Loveland testified that the flooring crew broke for lunch about 10 minutes before noon (11:50pm) and they went down in the elevator to the lunchroom to wash up, p. 337. Lovelady admitted that he took the west elevator down to the first floor and that they were racing with the other elevator to the first floor taken by the other flooring crew, p. 337.
Lovelady testified that on the way down on the elevator he "heard LHO holler to one of the boys to stop, he wanted the elevator", p. 337. They told LHO, "no, we are going down to lunch and closed the gate, p. 337. Lovelady decided that he would eat his lunch on the steps of the TSBD with Billy Shelly and Sara Stanton, both TSBD employees, while waiting for the President's Motorcade to pass, p. 338.
Lovelady testified during his Warren Commission testimony that they were on the front steps of the TSBD watching the President of the U.S. and his motorcade pass when he heard, what sounded like firecrackers; he thought the sound of what he thought were firecrackers came from the "the concrete deal on the knoll between the underpass and the building (TSBD) to the right of the knoll." Lovelady testified that it did not occur to him what had happened until Gloria Calvary (Southwest Publishing employee in the TSBD) came running up to us and told us the President had been shot, p. 338
Lovelady testified that "the crowd had started towards the railroad tracks back, you know, behind our building there and we ran towards that little, old island and kind of down there in that little street", p. 339. Lovelady further testified that "we went as far as the tracks and everybody was hollering and crying and policemen started running out that way and we said we better get back in the building, so we went into the west entrance on the back dock" of the TSBD, p. 339. Lovelady further testified that that entrance they used to get back into the TSBD was on the west end of the TSBD, and made point that there are two docks (the other in back of TSBD at Houston St.) p. 340. Lovelady testified that when he and Billy Shelley left the steps of the TSBD, and had taken about 25 steps, he looked back and saw Mr. Truly and a policeman entering the TSBD, p. 339. Lovelady testified that the reason he saw Truly and the policeman entering the TSBD is because "somebody hollered and I looked" causing Loveland to turn around and see Truly and the cop entering the TSBD, p. 340.
Lovelady testified that 3 minutes had passed before Gloria Calvary came up and told them the President was shot, p. 339, and that he and Shelley stayed around the railroad tracks for about 1 minute, maybe a minute and a half, id. Lovelady testified that when he and Shelley returned to the TSBD through the west end door they went to the first floor where Lovelady saw a girl named Vickie, who works for Scott Foresman Co., p.340. Lovelady could not remember where on the first floor he saw Vickie Adams, id.. Lovelady testified that "Vickie Adams was talking to Bill or saw Bill or something,"p. 341. Lovelady stayed on the 1st floor for about 30 minutes until he was asked to help the police go up to the 6th floor, p. 341.
But that ain't what he said first per his Affidavit
15 years later, Billie Lovelady was scheduled to testify before the Government's new Assassination Investigative Authority, the HSCA. Lovelady, coincidentally, died that same year of 1979 from a heart attack while he was in his 40's. He never testified before the HSCA. A little bit of cyanide will cause a human quick death by heart attack, and cyanide makes no noise nor does cyanide leave any evidence inside the victim's dead body. If the Assassins use cyanide gas, the evidence is on the victim, clothes etc., because cyanide gas residue has half life of over 2 years when not inhaled. But a coroner never checks the victim's clothes and skin for cyanide when there is an unexplained heart attack suffered by controversial people. Just "natural causes", a heart attack.15 years later, Billie Lovelady was scheduled to testify before the Government's new Assassination Investigative Authority, the HSCA. Lovelady, coincidentally, died that same year of 1979 from a heart attack while he was in his 40's. He never testified before the HSCA. A little bit of cyanide will cause a human quick death by heart attack, and cyanide makes no noise nor does cyanide leave any evidence inside the victim's dead body. If the Assassins use cyanide gas, the evidence is on the victim, clothes etc., because cyanide gas residue has half life of over 2 years when not inhaled. But a coroner never checks the victim's clothes and skin for cyanide when there is an unexplained heart attack suffered by controversial people. Just "natural causes", a heart attack.
William H. Shelley's Warren Commission testimony starts cryptically when, after W/C Counsel Ball asks Shelley, "what have you been doing since then (graduating from high school)?", W/C Ball walks out of the room, W/C Vol. VI, p. 327. Shelly answered the question that he worked in defense plants a little during the war and started working at the TSBD on October 29, 1945. W/C Counsel Ball upon returning asks Shelley, "did you tell her all about yourself?" W/C Ball then asks Shelley "what kind of work have you done since then?" And strangely, Shelley testifies, "I've told her." W/C Counsel Ball then asks, "how long have you worked at the TSBD?" And Shelley makes another strange and never explained answer via testimony, "She already has it, October 20, 1945", p. 327.
Shelley testified that he was manager of the "miscellaneous department" at the TSBD, p. 328. Shelley testified that Roy S. Truly was his immediate superior, p. 328. Shelley testified that LHO worked for him and that LHO did good work picking book orders, p. 328. Shelley testified that he saw LHO on 11-23-63 at 11:50pm when he went to lunch from the 6th floor of the TSBD where he had been laying a new floor with the boys, p. 328. Shelley testified that he started to eat lunch in his office but went out to the front of the TSBD to watch the President's Motorcade, p. 328. Shelley testified with him were Lloyd Viles of McGraw Hill, Sarah Stanton who's with the TSBD, and then Wesley Frasier and Billy Lovelady joined us shortly afterwards, p. 328.
Shelley saw the President's Motorcade pass and then heard what he described as a firecracker and then a slight pause and then two more a little closer together, he stated it wasn't real loud, p. 329. Shelley testified that the sound came from the west, id.. Shelley testified that Gloria Calvary of Southwest Publishing came running over to us crying the "President has been shot" and me and Billy Lovelady "crossed the street to that little old island" and stopped there for a minute, id. Shelley testified that the officers ran to the railroad tracks so Billy and I walked down that way, p. 329.
Out of nowhere W/C Counsel Ball then asks Shelley "did you see Mr. Truly and an officer go into the building?" Shelley answered in testimony, "we saw them right in front of the building when we were out on the island," p. 329. Shelley testified that it was 3-4 minutes after the shots were fired that he saw Truly and the officer going into the TSBD because that girl, Gloria Calvary, had already run back from near the President's car, p. 329. Shelley testified that we walked down the dead end street (Elm St. extension in front of the TSBD) to the railroad tracks and watched the police searching cars in the parking lot for a little while and then returned to the west end of the TSBD and used the door to the shipping room where Shelley saw Eddie Piper on the first floor, p. 330.
Shelley testified that he saw Vickie Adams when he returned to the TSBD but could not remember where and thought it may have been on the 4th floor, p. 330. Shelley testified that Mr. Truly left him guarding the elevator and stairway and not to let anyone up or down, p.330. Some F.B.I. or plainclothesmen came in and Shelley brought them up to the 6th floor, p. 330. Shelley believed he was on the 6th floor when the police found the gun, p. 330. When asked again if he saw Vickie Adams on the 1st floor when he came back into the building, Shelley replied, "I sure don't remember", p. 331.
Shelley testified that a "clipboard" was found by Frankie Kaiser in the northwest corner of the 6th floor of the TSBD about a week after 11-22-63, p. 334. Shelley testified that the clipboard had unfilled Scott-Forseman orders and that LHO filled mostly Scott-Forseman orders, p. 332. But on the next breath Shelley testified that there was no way to determine which order filler had that clipboard, p. 333.
But Shelley said something different per his Affidavit
Who was Billy Shelly? There is some evidence that he was working for the C.I.A. as a handler (creating a legend or fake person) of Lee Harvey Oswald. Some claim the man in front of the New Orleans Trade Mart where Lee Harvey was handing out Fair Play for Cuba pamphlets was Billy Shelly (see white arrow) who also followed Lee Harvey Oswald to Dallas in time to be a boss at the TSBD and is pictured with Dallas Police in front of the TSBD immediately after the Assassination in Dealey Plaza. Here is Billy Shelly again, at the New Orleans Trade Mart behind Oswald as Oswald hands out pamphlets for "Fair Play for Cuba Committee". Shelly highlighted in front of New Orleans Trade Mart. Billy Shelly with the Dallas Police in front of the TSBD. And a close up facial comparison of Shelly in New Orleans vs. in front of the TSBD. Just more coincidence, that New Orleans Trade Mart was owned by C.I.A. Clay Shaw, who was the only person ever put on trial for Conspiracy to murder JFK.
Billy Shelly was seen by Victoria Adams (the girl of the Stairs who worked on the 4th floor of the TSBD) on the first floor of the TSBD standing with Billie Lovelady standing in front of the freight elevator about a minute after the shots rang out that killed Kennedy. When Adams announced the "President has been shot" the two men, Shelly and Lovelady, remained calm and indifferent. See Victoria Adams W/C testimony Vol. VI p. 389-390. But Victoria Adams was not the only person to see cool, calm, collected men on the first floor of the TSBD. News reporter, Jim McLearer?, was in one of the three Press buses traveling in the 31 vehicle motorcade that followed JFK's limousine through downtown Dallas to Elm St.. McLear entered the TSBD to attempt to use a phone, so to report the Assassination to his employer. McLear witnesses a group of men on the first floor of the TSBD who he described as being very relaxed and calm, not excited.
D.P.D. Marion Baker also testified before the W/C that when he entered the TSBD he saw two white men on the first floor near the elevators.
Shelley and Lovelady both testified to the Warren Commission that they were on the front steps of the TSBD when the President's motorcade passed and they heard the shots, but why were they at the elevators on the 1st floor of the TSBD 60 seconds later? Both said they thought the shots came from the Grassy Knoll.
The Warren Commission never asked Billy Shelley when he started working at the TSBD, or when he stopped working there. Nor did the Warren Commission ask the other TSBD employees, who testified before the Commission about this mystery man Billy Shelley. The WC never asked Shelley or Lovelady what prompted them to immediately run inside the TSBD to be at the 1st floor elevators.
Billy Shelley disappeared, and none of the JFK Assassination Researchers have ever been able to interview him and he no longer seems to exist. Not even the HSCA even attempted to interview Billy Shelly.
These W/C testimonies of Lovelady, Givens and Shelly disclose that 5 men and a supervisor were on the 6th floor of the TSBD putting in a floor in that warehouse open space on 11-22-63 and broke for lunch at about 11:50. How could a "Lone Crazed Gunman" decide this would be a good place to position himself so to Assassinate the U.S. President? According to affidavit of Billie Lovelady the flooring crew went to lunch between 12:00 and 12:45pm., but members of the flooring crew testified they broke for lunch between 11:45 and 11:50 that 11-22-63 to see the Kennedy Motorcade. They would have used up their 45 minute lunch hour at 12:30-12:35, just in time to walk in on the the 6th floor Assassin.
This 5 man flooring crew makes the 6th floor of the TSBD the most unlikely place for even a crazed Assassin with an old rifle and defective scope to have shot the President of the United States from. The 6th floor of the TSBD was open warehouse floor piled with boxes full of books. If that rifle was fired 3 times from the southeast window of the TSBD everybody on the 6th floor would have had their ears ringing; the entire building would have been pierced with the blast of that rifle. And yes, everybody on the street lined below on Elm and Houston Sts. would have been shocked by the same rifle blasts, unless there was something else. Would a murderer, who, according to the Warren Commission planned the President's Assassination because he brought the murder weapon concealed in paper wrapping as curtain rods to work, be so risky as to position himself at a window on the 6th floor where 5 men and a supervisor were installing a new floor?
What is the unless? Unless the Assassin had a silencer on the rifle. According to C.I.A. literature, a silencer on that rifle would have muffled the noise coming out of the rifle, but not the noise caused by the bullet traveling through the air due to the sound barrier breaking. Is that why so many witnesses heard a small sound first that sounded like a firecracker? It is news to some familiar with guns that a bullet, even one fired from a high velocity rifle, breaks the sound barrier.
But Oswald's alleged rifle, the Mannlicher-Carcano, found behind boxes in the west end of the 6th floor of the TSBD, had no silencer, or receiver on the barrel to fasten a silencer. No, that alleged rifle of Oswald's would not have been used by a real Assassin because, as the F.B.I. and U.S. Army disclosed during their Warren Commission testimony, the scope was defective. If the scope was defective then that alleged Mannlicher - Carcano rifle was not the rifle that killed Kennedy. Further, a real Assassin would have known the scope was defective and made changes ahead of 11-22-63.
What was going on a few minutes prior to the JFK Assassination on the 6th floor of the TSBD? A flooring crew with a supervisor checking on them intermittently, another employee, Bonnie Ray Williams, eating his lunch on the 6th floor until 12:20pm, the President's Motorcade was 5 minutes late. Due to the open warehouse floor plan of the 6th floor, the Sixth Floor southeast window was not a good choice for any gunman to shoot out the window at the U.S. President on 11-22-63. Maybe Lee Harvey Oswald was the Invisible Man, that's why they didn't see him shoot or run down the stairs to the lunchroom and why he always had a different face. Maybe, he escaped with the Silencer because the Mannlicher - Carcano rifle found by the cops on the 6th floor of the TSBD did not have a silencer. Maybe, he was just a pre-planned patsy, who was supposed to die on 11-22-63 but something didn't go as planned and Ruby had to kill Oswald to protect the ones he loved. There are so many "maybes" because the Government did such a good job of killing, destroying, intimidating, concealing and covering-up the evidence of JFK's Assassination. But the Government could not hide all the evidence which proves to a scientific certainty that Lee Harvey Oswald, the Government's "Lone Crazed Assassin," did not shoot President John F. Kennedy.
Guess where the Mannlicher-Carcano rifle was found? That's right, the northwest end of the 6th floor where the flooring crew was working. That's right, according to the Government that Mannlicher - Carcano rifle was the Assassin's rifle and was found by the Dallas Police between boxes on the northwest side of the 6th floor of the TSBD. The Lone Gunman supporters will yell and scream that Oswald hid the rifle under the boxes on his way down to the lunch room in 90 seconds for a refreshing coke after pulling the trigger 3 times from the 6th floor southeast window of the TSBD , but could it have been that some of those 5 men on flooring crew were insiders that planted the rifle and where also responsible for turning off the electric power to the elevator when the Dallas police entered the building to go to the roof top of the TSBD?
The "Sniper's Nest" on the 6th floor of TSBD was not a "Sniper's Nest" at all, but a relocation of book cartons by the flooring crew, according to Warren Commission testimony of Bonnie Ray Williams. Williams was one of the 5 man crew, who were putting in a new floor on the 6th floor of the Texas School Book Depository starting on 11-20-63, and were still busy with that flooring on 11-22-63. Williams testified that wall of books that formed the 6th floor "Sniper's Nest" was put there by the flooring crew. Williams explained during testimony that the flooring crew had to move the boxes that sat on the northwest floor area, where they were installing a new floor, to the southwest corner. In other words, the much ballyhooed "Sniper Nest" was nothing but boxes moved by the flooring crew, so they could do their work. So the Government should not be blaming Lee Harvey Oswald for building a "Sniper's Nest"; the Government was told by Williams, while he was testifying, there was no riddle about this Wall of Books moved by the flooring crew.
What the hell point would there be to a "Sniper's Nest" made out of cardboard boxes? If a rifle shot went off the boxes would not conceal the noise. The 6th floor was one open warehouse space, so what would the point be? According to the many film footage and photos of the 6th floor of the TSBD, it was loaded with stacks of cardboard boxes which would have served to block a view, from inside the 6th floor of the TSBD, of the crouched rifleman in the southeast window facing Dealey Plaza, but not the Noise from the rifle shot. Those boxes that comprised the "Sniper's Nest" would have been a waste of time because any rifle would have made so much noise on that 6th floor warehouse space that the Sniper could not have hid but would have been drawn, not just attention, but alert. Is the Warren Commission sure they don't want to change their mind and update their report and add that Oswald used a SILENCER that he must have escaped with when he fled on public transportation after committing the Murder of the Century?
Victoria Adams - "The Girl on the Stairs" of the TSBD at the same time when W/C declared Lee Harvey Oswald used those stairs to Escape the 6th floor
Victoria Adams did not see LHO at all that 11-22-63 which caused a problem with the Warren Commission's claim that after LHO shot Kennedy from the southeast window of the 6th floor of the TSBD and that he escaped using the only staircase in the TSBD that ran from the 6th floor to the first floor. Victoria Adams and her co-worker ran down those sole staircase in the TSBD immediately after the shots were fired that killed Kennedy and they saw no one on the stairs and Adams testified that no one was using the elevators because the cables were not moving. Victoria arrived at the 1st floor of the TSBD within 60 seconds of the shots that killed Kennedy to see Billy Shelley and Billy Lovelady standing in front of the elevators. After exiting the TSBD, Adams saw Jack Ruby questioning people at the corner of Houston and Elm St.
Per Warren Commission testimony of 23 year old Victoria Elizabeth Adams she worked in the office of Scott Forsman Co. on the 4th floor of the TSBD as a survey representative. The day of 11-22-63 Adams and fellow employee Sandra Styles, Elsie Dorman, and Dorothy May Garner, Adams were standing looking out the window of their office to see the Kennedy Motorcade, W/C Vol. VI p. 388. Garner, Styles and Adams exited their office immediately after they heard gun shots in Dealey Plaza at about 12:30pm on 11-22-63. p. 388 Adams heard 3 shots that she thought came from "the right below" rather than from "the left above". Adams thought the shots sounded like firecrackers, p. 388. Adams testified that they watched the Kennedy Motorcade from their 4th floor office window until their view was obstructed by a tree, p. 388.
After the 3 shots were fired, Adams and Styles ran down the back northwest staircase to the back exit of the TSBD, (p. 389) to the 1st floor in 60 seconds, p.392. Supervisor Garner remained outside the office in the staircase, after Adams and Styles dispersed.
None of those three office workers in the TSBD saw Oswald or anyone else on that staircase that the Warren Commission had proclaimed "must have been" used by Oswald to go from the 6th floor (after, as the Commission claims, Oswald shot Kennedy) to the 2cd floor lunchroom before he was spotted by Dallas police officer Marion Baker 90 seconds after the shots were fired that killed Kennedy. See Victoria Adams Warren Commission testimony and see p. 389 & 392 for Adams' testimony that there was no one else on the only stairs (northwest staircase) in the TSBD that went 6th floor to the 1st floor of the TSBD immediately after the gun shots rang out a killed Kennedy. See p. 388 of Adams W/C testimony where she testifies there was only one staircase that went from the 4th floor to the first floor so they could exit the TSBD. This was the only staircase that Lee Harvey Oswald could have taken to escape the 6th floor had he really been the Lone Crazed Assassin, however, as per Adams' testimony there was no one else on that staircase immediately after Kennedy was shot.
When asked by W/C Belin if she encountered LHO while she ran down the staircase from the 4th floor to the 1st floor of the TSBD? Adams testified, "NO", p. 392.
This lone staircase in the TSBD that the Warren Commission declared that their Lone Crazed Assassin, Lee Harvey Oswald, ran down to escape the 6th floor after shooting Kennedy was so important to the Warren Commission that the Warren Commission proclaimed that Victoria Adams must have been mistaken about when she went down the staircase because she did not see Lee Harvey Oswald on those stairs, neither did Sandra Styles or any one else. The Warren Commission decided that Adams went down the stairs from the 4th floor to the 1st floor later, not 1 minute after the shots rang out that killed Kennedy.
***Adams and Sandra Syles ran down the staircase to the 1st floor of the TSBD within 60 seconds of hearing the shots that killed Kennedy, W/C p. 392, where they encountered Billy Shelley and Billy Lovelady standing on the 1st floor in front of the elevators. When Adams announced the "President has been shot" the two men, Shelly and Lovelady, remained calm and indifferent. See Victoria Adams W/C testimony Vol. VI p. 389-390.
***Victoria Adams stated the reason she and her fellow employees took the stairs is because the elevator was not working because the power was off. See "You Tube" - "Photos, movies, strange people around the TSBD." See W/C testimony Vol. VI p. 389-390. Also see the statement given by Victoria Adams to the Dallas Police Leavelle that disclosed that "the elevators were not working" when Adams and Styles descended from the 4th floor of the TSBD to the 1st floor in 60 seconds after the shots were fired at Kennedy. And again per that same D.P.D. Statement by Adams, Adams discloses that the power to both the passenger elevator and freight elevator were both off, so she took the stairs, see W/C 391.
Why didn't the Warren Commission decide that LHO used one of the 2 freight elevators to get from the 6th floor to the 1st floor of the TSBD? Because Adams testified that the power was off to those elevators and also TSBD manager, Roy Truly, testified to the W/C that when he reached those same elevators inside 90 seconds of the shots being fired that the 2 freight elevators were stuck on the 5th floor of the TSBD, see Truly W/C Vol. ?, p. ?.
Adams testified that she and Styles then exited the back door of the TSBD and ran in the direction of the railroad tracks, when a cop diverted them as they got to within 2 yards of the railroad tracks behind the TSBD, p. 390. They were on their way to the parking lot next to the TSBD where they thought the gun shots came from and where they saw people running towards (same large parking lot that extended behind the fence on the Grassy Knoll). id.
p. 392, Adams testifies that "at the time we left the building on the Houston St. dock, there was an officer standing about 2 yards from the curb and about from the curb across the street from the Texas School Book Depository, and about 4 yards from the Corner of Houston and Elm, and when we were running out the dock, going around the building, the officer was standing there, and didn't encounter us or ask us what wee doing or where we were going, and I don't know if that is pertinent." And W/C Belin responded, No one stopped you from getting out of the building when you left? Adams answered, "that's correct", p. 393.
This "officer" was confirmed by D.P.D. Welcome Eugene Barnet Vol. VII, p. 539, when he testified that he immediately ran to the east end of the TSBD to guard the fire escape because he thought the assassins would escape from that fire escape, and he said he ignored the back entrance of the TSBD, id.. See Barnet's testimony below, next, this section.
Jack Ruby was there. p. 393 Adams identified Jack Ruby as the man she saw at the corner of Houston and Elm St., asking everybody questions like a police officer. Adams further described the man asking the questions as dressed in a suit and a hat. Adams said she thought he was a reporter. But later on that day on television there was a man that looked very similar to this same man in the suit and hat who was asking questions at Elm and Houston and he was identified as Jack Ruby.
Adams explained that she saw this man, she identified as Jack Ruby, at Elm and Main after she returned to the front of the TSBD after being told by the police officer at the railroad tracks to return to the building. Adams testified she saw Ruby when she was standing next to the motorcycle in front of the TSBD, p. 393. Adams testified that 5 minutes had elapsed from the time the shots were fired until she returned to the front of the TSBD on Elm St., p. 392. Adams further made comment, per her W/C testimony, that the police had witnesses to the fact that Ruby was in the Dallas Morning News at the time of the Assassination (Ruby's Alibi).
But Victoria Adams wasn't the only one to see Jack Ruby in the area of the TSBD immediately after Kennedy was shot.
Victoria Adams co-workers, Sandra Styles, Elsie Dorman, and Dorothy May Garner, were not called by the Warren Commission for their eye witness testimonies. Adams told JFK Assassination researcher, Barry Earnest, the Warren Commission wanted to avoid having other witnesses corroborate her evidence that there was no Lee Harvey Oswald running down the only stairs in TSBD that linked the 6th floor to the 1st floor in the 60 seconds after Kennedy was shot.
Victoria Adams fled Dallas and deliberately disappeared, not even New Orleans Attorney General James Garrison could find her when he put Clay Shaw on trial for Conspiracy to murder JFK. 35 years later a JFK Assassination researcher, Barry Earnest, tracked down Adams and she told him that she was "scared to death and harassed by the police because her testimony undermined the Warren Commission's Decree of a "Lone Crazed Assassin". She told Barry Earnest that she did not say that she saw Billy Shelley and Billy Lovelady on the 1st floor of the TSBD after being there 60 seconds after the shots were fired. Some researchers see this as proof that the W/C falsely added this testimony, or that it is proof that Adams in reality did not see Lovelady and Shelley on the 1st floor. What these researchers and Lone Crazed Assassin Advocates fail to accept is that people value their own life; Adams fled from the Kennedy Assassination for 35 years for good reason, and that is her life. Adams didn't lie, she was a perfect witness who had faith in the government, the police, the judicial system and authority only to realize the truth was getting any witness killed who disclosed evidence that made LHO innocent of killing JFK. There is no doubt that like so many other witnesses to evidence surrounding the JFK Assassination Adams were threatened with death if she didn't shut up. Adams died of cancer 5 years after talking to author, Barry Earnest.
Some JFK researchers discount Adams W/C testimony concerning her sighting of Loveland and Shelley on the 1st floor of the TSBD near the elevators and electrical control box within 60 seconds of the shots being fired that killed Kennedy because she did not mention seeing Lovelady and Shelley on her initial report to the F.B.I.. This is not unusual, as at the time she probably didn't think it was important. Adams didn't tell the F.B.I. via her first report that Jack Ruby was right there at the Assassination scene at the corner of Houston and Elm St. asking questions, either. There is no contradiction between her F.B.I. report, D.P.D. report and her W/C testimony. Per W/C Exhibit 1031? the police made an attempt to interview all employees in the TSBD, and of the people that also testified before the W/C there are many additions of evidence disclosed than as compared to the original police interviews immediately after the Assassination. Sometimes the evidence that gets disclosed is a matter of what is asked of the witness, and vice versa, the evidence that did not get disclosed at the W/C is a product of the witness not being asked.
D.P.D. Welcome Eugene Barnett was a uniformed officer and was on the D.P.D. for 8 1/2 years when he gave he W/C testimony on 7-23-64, W/C Vol. VII, p. 539. Barnett had assigned police duty at Elm St. and Houston St. on 11-22-63, p. 539. Barnett testified that two other officers (I.D. Smith and another "Smith" that he believed was E.I. Smith) were also assigned to the corner of Elm and Houston Sts.. p. 540. Barnett testified that he could see the windows of the TSBD and that he looked at the TSBD windows at 11:00am. and he "did not notice any windows open", but "a few minutes before the President came he did not look up anymore", "I was watching the crowd", p. 541. Barnett testified that at the time the President's Motorcade was on Elm St. there were two Dallas Police Officers on the railroad tracks that run over the Triple Underpass, p. 541. Barnett was a traffic cop when he heard three shots, p.541. Barnett thought the first shot sounded like firecracker, p. 541, Barnett testified that none of the parade watchers moved or took any action when what he described as a firecracker went off, p. 542. Barnett testified that the "second shot that was fired sounded high" and Barnett looked at the building and I saw nothing in the windows, id.. Then Barnett testifies in his next breath that "I could not even see any windows at the time", id.., because he was too close to the building, id. (Amazing how stupid some of the W/C testimonies are). Barnett heard the second shot and decided it came from the top of that building, id. Barnett testified that he went 20' past the building still on Houston St., looking up I could see the whole back of the building also the east side of the building, p. 542.
After the third shot Barnett ran north on Houston St. to the back of the building to watch the fire escape because Barnett thought the Assassin would use the fire escape due to the fact that Barnett thought the "shots came from the top" (of the TSBD). Barnett said he was not paying any attention to the back door of the TSBD, p. 542. Barnett said he made no attempt to go into the building because was watching the fire escape that is on the east end of the TSBD, p.542. Barnett said that he looked behind the TSBD and saw cops searching the railroad cars and he saw cops going west past the TSBD, p. 542. Barnett testified that he decided that he was "the only one watching the building, id.". Barnett decided he was wrong because he saw no one using the fire escape, p. 542. Barnett's testimony is somewhat incoherent but he is saying that police back up came to the back door of the TSBD and that he went to the front of the building and his Sergeant (Howard, p.543) wanted the name of the building and also ordered Barnett to watch the front door of the TSBD, p. 542-543. It was at this time when Barnett ran to the front of the TSBD that he was contracted by a construction worker named Brennan who claimed to see a "man in the window with the rifle, p. 543". Unbelievably, Barnett testified that only 2 1/2 minutes passed from the time he heard the last gun shot to the time he went to the front door of the TSBD, p. 543.
Barnett testified that when he "went to the front of the TSBD to get the name of the building, people were going in and out," p. 543. Barnett never saw LHO, p. 543. [ so there was still plenty of time for the Assassins to escape]. Barnett testified there were 100's of people at that intersection (Elm and Houston), p. 543. Barnett did not talk to any officer who saw LHO in the area, except for Marion Baker, who claims to have talked to LHO (in the 2d floor lunchroom), p. 543.
James Elbert Romack testified before the Warren Commission on April 8, 1964. Romack testified that he worked northeast of the TSBD on 11-22-63 at Coordinated Transportation Co. in Dallas. Romack that around noon on 11-22-63 he was at lunch "just piddling around out north by east of from the TSBD." W/C Vol. VI, p. 279. Romack testified he was walking towards Houston St. where the construction was and that he heard 3 rifle shots, p. 280. Romack thought the 3 shots came from the building but not his side of the building, p.280. Romack thought the shots came from high location, p. 280. Romack testified that he was about 125 yards from the northeast corner of the TSBD when he heard the 3 rifle shots, p. 280. Romack testified that the 3 shots were evenly spaced with 3-4 seconds between each shot, p. 280. Romack did not think the shots were fired faster than could be fired from a bolt action rifle, p. 280.
Romack testified immediately after he heard the 3 shots he saw a policeman running north towards him, the policeman was running to look to see if somebody was running out of the back of the TSBD, p. 280. Romack testified that the policeman didn't stay but just checks and then he runs back, p. 280. Romack testified that he automatically took over watching the building, Romack testified that he was watching "the back part", id. Romack testified "they got it sealed off, I could see as much as anyone, id." Romack testifed that he could see the back loading dock and the stairs that lead up to the back loading dock, p. 281. Romack testified he only took his eyes off the back of the TSBD for about 30 seconds to help a news reporter, Sam Spate of KBOX, get by the construction area on Houston St. that was blocked off with a piece of wood, p. 281.
Romack testified that he watched the back of the TSBD for 4-5 minutes, until two gentlemen that he testified were "F.B.I. or something" took over at the back entrance and just stood there, p. 281-282. Romack testified, while pointing again to the back stairway that leads up from the street to the loading dock, that the "two Gentlemen" that he thought were "F.B.I. or something" and took over and were standing at that same back stairway, p. 282. Romack testified via confirmation that he didn't see anyone enter the rear of the TSBD other than a policeman, p.282. However, Romack never testified that he saw a policeman enter the TSBD, Romack was confirming W/C counsel Belin's suggestion that Romack saw a policeman enter the rear of the TSBD, p. 282. Belin also wanted to avoid any more testimony of the "two F.B.I. agents or something" that took over the back door of the TSBD. W/C Belin finally asks Romack if he saw anyone exit the rear of the TSBD in the 5 minutes Romack was watching the rear of the TSBD, and Romack testifed he did not see anyone exit the TSBD, p. 283.
Romack testified that "no one entered (the TSBD) while I was standing there", but testified that he did not see anyone running down the street near him, p. 282. Romack testified that he was 75 yards from the northeast corner of the TSBD when he was helping Sam Spate of KBOX, p.282.
Romack testified that he contacted the F.B.I. with his information about what he saw on 11-22-63 at the TSBD in March of 1964!, p.282. Romack testified that the reason he contacted the F.B.I. in March is because of a newspaper article that disclosed a man with a brown overcoat running down Pacific St. (which would have been at the same time he was in the area behind the TSBD), p. 283.
George W. Rackley, Sr., testified that he was working unloading trailer at his employer, Coordinated Railroad Co., which is at Ross and Market Sts. and is 2 blocks north of Elm and Houston (location of TSBD), W/C p. 274. Rackley testified he did not see the President's motorcade that day of 11-22-63. Rackley testified he was with James Romack when they walked out of the office and heard sirens and tried to get a better view from the truck lot of the President's motorcade, p. 275. Rackley again testified that he did not see the President's motorcade although he walked down to the middle of Houston St., p. 275. Rackley testified he didn't practically see anything, and didn't hear firecrackers or gun shots, p. 275. The only thing suspicious that Rackley saw were pigeons fly off the Trinity Building and TSBD, at about the time the President's parade went by but he did not know the time, but he said the pigeons flew off before 12:30pm., p. 275. Rackley did testify that the "pigeons flew up 2-3 minutes before the police covered the place", p. 276.
Rackley testified that he was looking in the direction of the TSBD for 5-10 minutes, p. 276. Belin asks Rackley if he saw any people coming out the back door of the TSBD, and Rackley confirmed he could see the back door of the TSBD and that he did not see anyone coming out, p. 276. Rackley also testified that he did not see anyone running north down Houston St., p. 276. Rackley testified he just stood there for 5-10 minutes looking south towards the TSBD, p. 277. Rackley testified that Romack went closer to the TSBD than he did, p. 277.
D.P.D. Sergeant D. V. Harkness testified he was 42 and worked for the Dallas Police for 17 years, W/C Vol. VI, p. 308. Harkness testified that on 11-22-63 he was supervising the traffic officers from Main and Field along the parade route to Elm and Houston, p. 309. At 12:30pm. Harkness was at Main and Houston, the west side of Houston, id.. Harkness testified that he when heard the first shot the "President's car almost came to a stop and some of the agents were piling off the car"; I went back to the intersection to get my motorcycle, id.. Harkness testified he was not sure where the shots came from because "they were bouncing off the buildings down there." Harkness went to the area near the railroad tracks were all the people were hitting the ground; Harkness did not see anyone (suspect) fleeing the area so he went to the front of the TSBD on Elm St.. Harkness then went to the plaza area (the Grassy Knoll which is just west and next to the TSBD), p. 310. It was then that Harkness found a little colored boy, Amos Euins, who told Harkness that he saw the shots come from that building (TSBD), p. 310. Harkness put Euins on his three wheel motorcycle and put him in Inspector Sawyer's car, p. 310, which was parked in front of the TSBD, and then went immediately to the back of the TSBD, p. 311.
Harkness radioed a message to that "witness says shots came from fifth floor at TSBD at Houston and Elm," p. 310. Harkness then had to correct his testimony about the witness, Euins, seeing the shots coming from the 5th floor and after extensive questioning Harkness said that Euins told him the shot came from the east window on "the floor under the ledge." The floor under the ledge of the TSBD would be the 6th floor of the TSBD, p.313. Harkness testified that Euins could not tell if he saw the rifle, p. 3132. Harkness testified that Euins said that he could not identify the man in the window (the window where shots came from in the TSBD), p. 314. TSBD sealed off by 12:36pm according to Harkness because he was at the back of the TSBD with two other officers and Inspector Sawyer was at the front of the TSBD with two officers, p. 311. Harkness did not know if people were going in and out of the TSBD when he got there and Sawyer was out front of the TSBD, p. 312. Harkness testified when he got to the back door of the TSBD "there were some Secret Service Agents there." "I didn't get them identified." "They told me they were Secret Service." Harkness stayed at "back of the TSBD until the squad got there." Inspector Sawyer then assigned me to the railroad yard to search all freight car that were leaving the yard, p. 312. Harkness testified that they "pulled some people off there and brought them to the station for questioning," p. 312. Harkness confirmed that they arrested the 3 tramps (aka 3 hobos) who were taken out of one of the two freight trains the police searched while looking for the Assassins of JFK, p. 312. Harkness testified he did not off any guns found (at freight trains or railroad yard).
Harkness testified that he also talked to a witness, Arnold Roland, who said he saw a man on one of those floors with a high powered rifle, p. 314. Harkness testified he saw Jack Ruby the next day in front of the jail where a large crowd had gathered (LHO was in that jail), p. 314.
Dallas P. D. Clyde A. Haygood was 32 years old when he testified to the W/C Vol. VI, p. 296. Haygood was on the solo motorcycle section of the D.P.D., p. 296. Haygood testified that he started with the President's Motorcade through Dallas at Love Field, p. 297. Haywood was several cars behind the Presidential Limousine and was riding behind D.P.D. motorcycle cop Marion Baker, id.. When Haygood heard the shots he was on Main St. just approaching Houston St., Haywood heard 3 shots that were not evenly spaced, but the 2d and 3d were fired real close together, id.. Haywood testified that after hearing the shots he drove his motorcycle to Elm St. to where Haywood believed was the scene of the shooting and place were the President's car was struck, p. 297. Haygood saw "people on the ground on Elm St. and people pointing back up to the railroad yard and a couple of people were headed back up that way," p. 298. At the 400 block Haywood tried to jump the curb with his motorcycle but was unable to, so he got off his motorcycle and ran to the railroad yard north of Elm St., p. 298. Haygood testified that many people were running toward the railroad yard behind the Grassy Knoll and to the west of the TSBD via testimony "they were all going to it", p. 298. Haygood testified that he spoke to one of the parade watchers who had a slight cut on his face caused by a piece of concrete that flew up and hit him, p. 298, Haygood further testified that the concrete that hit the parade watcher flew up and hit the parade watcher because the concrete was loosened by a ricochet (bullet), p. 299.
Haygood then made a radio call for "squads" to cover the TSBD, p. 299. Haygood confirms W/C Belin statement that Haygood made that radio call at 12:35pm. per review of the D.P.D. radio log. p. 299. Haygood confirms that as per the D.P.D. radio call log he stated, "I talked to a guy who said the shots were fired from the TSBD with the Hertz Rent a Car sign on top," p. 299. The D.P.D. radio controller told Haygood to "get his name, address, phone number and all the information you can", p. 299. Haywood did not get any information from the person telling him the shots came from the TSBD and Haywood testified when asked by W/C Belin if he got the information from the witness, "I never did,"p. 299. Haygood testified that he failed to get the witness information because he was ordered to go to the TSBD, but Haygood testified he "instructed 3 people to go to the front of the TSBD and remain there until they were talked to", p. 299. Haygood testified that he did not know who they were and if the Dallas Police spoke to them, id.. Haygood also confirmed via testimony that he made another radio call at 12:37 concerning the same 3 witnesses, p. 302.
Haygood testified he then went to rear (north side) of the TSBD "where the door head out to the dock at the northwest corner," p. 299. Haygood testified that he then spoke to a colored male who was standing at the door and the colored male said "he had been standing there for 5 minutes or so," id.. Haygood testified that he asked the colored male if anyone had come out of that door, and he said they had not, p. 299. However, Haygood again failed to get this colored man's name, p. 299. Haygood testified that the "squads" (back up cops) arrived and Haywood went in the TSBD and helped search the TSBD, p. 299.
Haygood testified that he was on the 6th floor of the TSBD when they found the rifle on the 5th floor, p. 300. Then, Haygood changes the location they found the rifle to the sixth floor, id.
Dallas Deputy Sheriff Luke Mooney
D.P.D. Allan Sweat per affidavit orders arrested the "boy in a sports coat" in the TSBD "who did all the shootin" brought to jail. See the arrest by Officer Vaughn of this same "boy in the sports coat" who just disappeared from record after being arrested in the TSBD for shooting Kennedy. Are these two different boys in sports coats or the same who was arrested in the TSBD?
Herbert J. Sawyer, D.P.D. Inspector testified before the Warren Commission Vol. VI, p. 315 that he had worked for the Dallas Police Dept. since 1941 or 23 years by the date of his testimony in 1964, p. 315. Sawyer testified that he was on duty on 11-22-63 as the Inspector of Police that he was in "charge of the crowd detail on Main St from Akard to Harwood", p. 316. Sawyer testified that after the President's Motorcade passed he got in his car and headed west on Main St., p.316, when he heard a broadcast on the Dallas Police radio by Sheriff Decker tell the dispatcher to get all his men over to the TSBD, p. 316 - 317. Sawyer further testified in confirmation that it was 12:34 when he heard any mention of the TSBD on the police radio and that he was still in his car at 12:34 and not yet at the TSBD, p. 319. Sawyer then traveled to the TSBD and parked his car in front of the main entrance of the TSBD, p. 317. Sawyer immediately went into the TSBD and "talked to some officers around there at the TSBD who told him of shots coming from the 5th floor of the TSBD, p. 317. Sawyer further testified that the information he got was that the shots came from the 5th floor of the TSBD, p.319. Sawyer testified that "nobody seemed to know who the shots were directed at, or what had actually happened", "except that there had been a shooting there at the time the President's Motorcade had gone by," p. 317.
Sawyer testified that he got on the elevator with two other officers, (one he believed was Sgt. Harkness, p. 319), and a man he believed worked in the TSBD and "went to the top floor, which was pointed out to me by this other man as being the floor that we were talking about", p. 317. Sawyer further testified that the elevator was on the first floor and they did not have to wait for it, p. 319. When Sawyer got on the elevator, he testified that "we ran into this man". Sawyer further testified that the elevator he used was "right to the right" as you walked in the front door of the TSBD. id.. Sawyer described the top floor the elevator brought them to as having an office where women office workers were, p. 317. Sawyer looked around but didn't go in because he didn't see anything out of the ordinary from the elevator, so he immediately came back downstairs to check on the security of the building, p. 318. Sawyer further testified that he was on what he calling the top floor "for about 1 minute for just a quick look around", p. 319. Sawyer testified that by security he "wanted to make sure it (TSBD) was covered off properly, and then posted two men on the front entrance with instructions not to let anyone in or out," p. 318. Sawyer confirmed that at that time (coming back down the elevator to the 1st floor) "they had "it" covered when I got there", "there were officers all around the front", the only thing that had not been done by the time I got there was the instruction not to let anyone in or out," p. 318. However, Sawyer later admitted via testimony that there had not been any officer at the front entrance of the TSBD but that the police were on the sidewalk and that he didn't know if people around there had not been stopped from going in or out of the TSBD, p. 320.
At 12:40 Sawyer confirms that as per Dallas Police log that he made a call for "more manpower down here at the TSBD," p. 321.
Sawyer was confused because that elevator just to the right inside the front entrance of the TSBD only went to the 4th Floor, that's why he saw an office with female office workers which would have been the same floor that Vickie Adams worked for Scott-Forseman Co., or was Sawyer tricked by the man who worked at the TSBD and accompanied Sawyer in the elevator to that "top floor"?
Sawyer testified that it only took him and fellow two officers 3 minutes to go up and down the elevator to the "top floor" and look around on that floor, p. 320.
Sawyer testified that he set up a "Command Post" in front of the TSBD where he took information from different eyewitnesses but there were too many people for him to handle, so the several Deputy Sheriff's who were present took the witnesses to their office for interrogation, p. 320. Sawyer testified that during the time he was at his Command Post that 25 - 30 different people had come up with information, p. 320.
Sawyer referring to the Dallas Police radio log confirmed that he was the one who broadcast the first description of JFK's Assassin, "The wanted person in this is a slender white male about 30, 5 feet 10, 165, carrying what looks to be a 30-30 or some type of Winchester." Sawyer was then asked via Dallas Police Radio if there was "any description of clothing" and Sawyer replied per the D.P.D. radio log, "Current witness can't remember that", p. 321. Sawyer rebroadcast that description of JFK's Assassin at 12:45 on the D.P.D. radio, id.. Sawyer testified that the man ("primary description witness") who gave him the description of JFK's Assassin "came to me mainly from one witness who claimed to have seen the rifle barrel in the fourth or fifth floor of the building and claimed to have been able to see the man up there," p. 322. Sawyer was blunt testifying he did not know the "primary description witness' " name and that he didn't know what this witness was wearing, but Sawyer did remember that he was a "white man and that he wasn't young or old", p. 322, "That is the only two things that I can remember about him", p. 322, "Except that he was there", p. 322. Sawyer further testified that he could not remember if he was short or tall because, "I can't remember that much about him", "I was real hazy about that", p. 323. Sawyer continued that there were too many people coming up to him with information and that he sent this "primary description witness" that gave him the description that he, Sawyer, broadcast over the police radio to the Sheriff's Office, but that describing witness never was seen again, p. 323.
Sawyer testified that other people claimed to have seen a rifle or part of a rifle and were pointing to a southeast window that he thought was the 5th floor of the TSBD, p. 323. And as is his usual contradictory testimony, Sawyer testified the "primary description witness," who gave Sawyer the description of the Assassin that Sawyer broadcast at 12:43 over the D.P.D. radio, said, "he went and pointed out a window which I now note to be the sixth floor, but when I talked to him, I thought it was the 5th floor", p. 323, in the southeast corner of the TSBD, id. Sawyer further testified that very few people claimed to see a rifle or part of rifle, p. 324.
*Sawyer also testified that he made another D.P.D. radio broadcast after 1:53 that described a "colored boy" who worked in the TSBD and was "the one employee" missing from the TSBD, this "colored boy" was "supposed to have information about the man who did the shooting", p. 321. However, Sawyer admitted at that time they did not know who did the shooting, p. 322. Sawyer also testified that the "colored boy" was named Givens and he was supposed to have been a witness to the man being on that floor. He was supposed to have been a witness to Oswald being there, p. 321. [And that's why Given's changed his account of facts given first to the F.B.I. and then to the Warren Commission]. [Obviously, Sawyer got caught revealing pre-planned false evidence against Oswald because they did not know who did the shooting at that point and Oswald was not even accused at the point. And was Givens going to get some blame if he didn't play ball with the Authorities who helped murder JFK and now were doing the investigation of his murder?]
Sawyer volunteered, at the end of his testimony in response to the W/C Belin's request is there anything else of relevancy, that the police were hunting for pictures and movies of the JFK Assassination, p. 324. Sawyer testified that officers reported to him about a woman (probably Mary Moorman) who took pictures of the window (6th floor TSBD) and a man who was taking moving pictures from a location east of the TSBD. Sawyer ordered the officers to get the man with the movie camera and bring him to Sawyer because the would not turn over his movie to the cops, id. That would be totally illegal and that man, who Sawyer claimed he did not know his name, never saw those movies again. So what happened to this movie? Gone and never seen again! [the Dallas Police and F.B.I. and Company wanted to make sure there was no photographic evidence to prove to a scientific certainty as to what actually happened in Dealey Plaza on 11-22-63.]
Couch sees Rifle in TSBD window
Malcolm O. Couch was a 25 year old part time camera man (moving pictures only) for WFAA-TV on 11-22-63 covering the Kennedy Motorcade from Love Field through downtown Dallas, he testified before the Warren Commission on April 1, 1964, W/C Vol. ??, p. 153. Couch was also studying for a Master's of Theology Degree from the Dallas Seminary, p. 153. Couch was seated in the back seat of the 5th or 6th car back from the lead car in the Kennedy Motorcade through Dallas traveling at about 20mph., p. 155. Couch testified that the press car he was riding in also seated Bob Jackson of the Times Herald, Jim Underwood of KRLD-TV and Mr. Dillard of the Dallas Morning News and the driver of the car, p. 155. Couch further testified that he was in a convertible and was seated in the middle of the rear seat and had his feet on the back seat because he was sitting on the top of the rear seat to get a better view for his movie recording, p. 155.
Couch testified that his press car turned north into Houston St. and that he "still had films after we had turned the corner, and you could still see that the motorcade was moving fairly fast", p. 155. Couch testified that as his press car traveled about 15-20 on to Houston St. from Main St. that he heard what he described as a motorcycle backfire- the first shot, p. 156. Couch further testified that 4-5 seconds later he head a second and third shots fairly close together and were "even in sound", p. 156. W/C Counsel Belin reminded Couch that he told the F.B.I. that there was 10 seconds between the first and second shots and Couch decided, per testimony, to tailor his statement to the F.B.I. and testified that "10 seconds is not a reasonable time" and that it was 3-5 seconds between all shots, p. 161, after Couch first testified that "I now know a little more about the timing" and "we have to time our stories pretty close", p. 161. [compliance with the W/C official version to keep his job]. Couch testified that his press car was 50' - 60' from making the turn on to Elm St. by the time he heard the last/third shot, p. 156. Couch testified that after the third shot that Bob Jackson who was to his right, "yelled something like, "Look up in the window! There's the rifle!", p. 157. Couch testified that he remembers glancing up to a window on the far right, which at the time impressed me as the 6th of 7th floor and seeing about a foot of rifle being - the barrel brought into the window", p. 157. Couch testified that he saw no one in the window "just a quick 1 second glance at the barrel", p. 157. Couch could not tell if the rifle had a telescopic sight and he saw no stock of the rifle and did not see a person pulling the rifle, p. 157. Couch further testified that the rifle was pointed at a 45 degree angle westward which would be at the President, p. 161.
Couch also remembered seeing some people standing in some of the other windows in roughly the third or fourth floor in the middle of the south side of the building, p. 157. Couch recalled a Negro boy with a white T-shirt leaning out one of those windows looking up to one of the windows up above him, p. 157.
Couch testified that his press car was 25' before making the turn on Elm St.; his press car was facing the south side of the TSBD, p. 158. Couch testified that people were running and he picked up his camera and from the film he recorded that they were just turning into Elm St. and there is a quick glance (on his filming) of the front entrance of the TSBD, p. 158. The driver of his Couch's press car would not stop the car until they reached the Triple Underpass and he jumped out and went back to the TSBD which he said was about 75 yards while he was running and taking sweeping pictures of the crowd and police along the way back to the TSBD, p. 158, Couch testified that it took about 90 seconds after the third shot was fired to get back to the TSBD from where he jumped out of the press car at the Triple Underpass, p. 158. Couch testified he did not stay there long (TSBD), p. 158, and got a ride from a high school boy to Parkland Hospital where Couch was able to "take a "sweeping" shot while moving west of the middle of the TSBD from the ground level on past the park", p. 159, they then encountered a road block when they entered Stemmons High Way and Couch testifed that he was able to get a shot with a 2" lens of the west wall of the TSBD , p. 159 . Couch testified that he did not deliberately take any photos/movie filming of the front of TSBD while he was returning from the Triple Overpass and those wide angle films would not allow to discern who was in the front entrance of the TSBD because the filming would have been too far away, p. 158. Couch testified that the reason he did not stay to take pictures of the TSBD is because a cameraman from WFAA, A. J. L' Hoste, told him that he would stay at the TSBD and get pictures and that Couch should cover the President at Parkland Hospital, p. 159. Couch testified that he was "standing on that little sidewalk between the TSBD and the beginning of the parkway" when he was talking to L' Hoste, p. 159. That would be west of the TSBD and where he saw the blood on the sidewalk, p. 159.
Couch testified that the pool of blood on the sidewalk west of the TSBD at the beginning of the parkway was an 8"-10" diameter pool of fresh blood, p. 159. Couch testified that people were watching, pointing and carefully walking around the pool of blood that Couch further described the location of the pool of blood as being 50'-60' from Elm St., and 10' to 15' from the corner of the TSBD, p.160. Couch testified that he ran northward to the west corner of the TSBD to a policeman and he saw all the police with their guns pulled and the people were all pointing to "around those shrubs on the west side corner", "you would think there was a chase going on in that direction", p. 160. It was Couch's impression that "they" (police ?) had chased someone out of the building (TSBD) around that corner (west corner TSBD?) or possibly they had wounded someone, p. 160. Couch testified that there was nothing else in or around the fresh pool of blood, p. 160.
When asked by W/C Counsel Belin if L' Hoste took any pictures of the South Side of the TSBD, Couch testified "this may be a guess but he didn't take any". p. 160. Couch further testified that he did not know of anyone who took pictures of south side of the TSBD (the main entrance on Elm St.) only the pictures he saw in Time Magazine, id.. [the WC wants to get any evidence that shows participants in the Assassination that they knew were at the front entrance of the TSBD which is the south side].
Couch testified that he heard from a source that he does not remember that Wes Wise of KRLD TV saw Jack Ruby emerge from the rear of the TSBD at about 5 - 10 minutes after the shots were fired coming around the side of the building, coming around the east side going south, I presume," p. 160. However, per interview now on You Tube, Wes Wise absolutely denied he saw Ruby on 11-22-63; Wise said he saw Ruby the next day during a ceremony on the Grassy Knoll for JFK.
Robert Hill Jackson was a 29 year old staff photographer at the Dallas Times Herald testifying before the Warren Commission on March 10, 1964, W/C Vol. II, p. 155. Jackson testified that he was assigned to take pictures of the Kennedy Motorcade through Dallas on 11-22-63 from Love Field to the Trade Mart, p. 156. Jackson testified that he arrived at Love Field before Kennedy arrived at between 9:00am. and 9:15am. and took pictures of the crowd, p. 156. Jackson testified that he was in a Chevrolet convertible car (top down) that was 8 cars behind the President's car, and that there were four press cars in front of the car he was in and two cars with Secret Service Agents, p. 157. Jackson further testified that his press car was about 1 block behind the President's car, p. 157. Jackson testified that there were other members of the press all photographers, including Jim Underwood of KRLD - TV, Tom Dillard, chief photographer of Dallas Morning News, himself, and two newsreel cameramen who Jackson recognized by sight but could not recall their names. Jackson testified that he was carrying two cameras, one which was loaded with film and hanging around his neck, p. 158.
Jackson testified that they had taken the turn from Main St, on to Houston St. and were about a half block down Houston when he heard the first shot, then there were two more shots that sounded much closer together than the first and second shot, p. 159. Jackson testified we were moving slowly and he looked up straight ahead at the TSBD and saw two Negroes looking out a window straining to see directly above them, and my eyes followed to the window above the two Negroes and I saw a rifle, approximately half of the weapon, and it was drawn slowly back into the building but he saw no one in the window with the rifle, p. 159. Jackson saw the rifle while they were turning from Houston into Elm St. and Jackson testified he said, ""there is the gun" or it came from that window", p. 159. However, the rifle barrel was gone by the time the others in his press car located the 6th floor window, p. 159. Jackson testified that it was 5-8 seconds between the first and third/last shot and 3-4 seconds between the 1st and 2d shot and 2 seconds between the 2d and 3d shots, the 2d and 3d shots were very close together, p. 160. He heard three shots, id.. Jackson further testified that he saw 8"-10" of the rifle barrel about 3 seconds after the last shot, p. 161 & p. 162.
Jackson marked W/C Exhibit #348 with an "A" and "B" indicating the window the gun and two Negroes, respectively, p. 159. Jackson indicated that the rifle he saw was in the "westerly half" of the first window double window of the sixth floor of the TSBD, the window was half open and he could see some cardboard boxes in the window, id. Jackson testified that the rifle barrel was pointed "at quite an angle" to the west and down at the Elm St., p. 160. Jackson did not talk about the incident with the other people in the car because 3 of them (Dillard, Underwood and a TV cameraman (Couche) jumped out the car after the car turned left, p. 162. No one else in his press car saw the rifle, p. 162.
Jackson thought the gun shots came from the north towards the head of the Motorcade (this would be the Grassy Knoll) p. 162. Jackson gave a statement to the F.B.I. and Secret Service, p. 163. Jackson saw one cop run up the stairs of the TSBD but saw no one leave, p. 164.
Tom C. Dillard was the chief photographer of the Dallas Morning News, he was 49 and had been working for the Dallas Morning News since 1947 when he testified before the Warren Commission on April 1, 1964, W/C Vol. ??, p. 162. Dillard testified that he was in the 6th car of the President's Motorcade through Dallas in a Chevrolet convertible with Jim Underwood, Bob Jackson, Couch and Darnell, (all local photographic press) p. 163. Dillard testified that instead of being number 6 car in the President's Motorcade "we were supposed to be quite a bit closer" because originally we "were assigned as the prime photographic car" which "normally a truck precedes the President on these things and certain representatives of the photographic press ride with the truck", however, this photographic truck in front of the President's car was cancelled and Dillard and fellow photographers were 6 cars back, p. 163. Dillard was sitting in the right front seat of the his press car, p. 163. Dillard testified there was 3-4 seconds between the 1st and 2d rifle shots and that he heard 3 shots evenly spaced, id.
Dillard testified that after the third shot was fired they had an "absolutely perfect view of the TSBD" and Bob Jackson said, "there's a rifle barrel up there", and also said "it's in that open window". Dillard testified that there were several windows open in the TSBD and he took 2 pictures of the TSBD, p. 164. Dillard snapped his pictures just before the car turned from Houston into Elm St, about 60 yards distance from the upper windows of the TSBD, p. 164. Dillard testified he saw no rifle in a window of the TSBD, p. 165. Dillard testified that he saw two men in the arched windows of the TSBD, p. 165, and they showed up in his two pictures that he took of the TSB, id. Dillard testified that he at the time he felt the shots came "from the north area quite close" and Dillard testified that he has a great deal of experience with guns and was a gun nut, id. Dillard further testified "we were getting a great deal of reverberation which made it difficult to pinpoint the actual direction but my feeling was that it was coming into my face and that I was facing the north toward the TSBD" id. Diallard also smelled gun powder as the car moved up to the corner, id.
Dillard testified that after the gun shots at the corner of Elm and Houston St. that he jumped out of the press car, p. 165.
Dillard testified that he printed the 2 pictures he took of the TSBD which featured two men in the window and that the negatives of those pictures are locked up in a box in the managing editor's office, p. 166. W/C Counsel Ball stated he has pictures which you can identify (from the newspaper?), but then he asks Dillard to provide the Warren Commission with copies of his two pictures from Dillard's negatives (should be the same?). Ball then had Dillard confirm the pictures he had were the two Dillard took of the TSBD on 11-22-63 (featuring the 2 Negros?) and marked them "A" and "B" (should be "Dillard Exhibit A and B). Dillard confirmed that he was interviewed by the F.B.I. on 11-25-63, p. 166.
Dillard testified that he was in the general area of the TSBD for 3-4 minutes after the shots were fired and that he did not see anyone leave the TSBD, p. 167.
James Robert Underwood was the Assistant News Director at KRLD TV in Dallas when he testified on April 1, 1964 before the Warren Commission, W/C Vol. VI, p. 167. Underwood testified that he wore many hats and functioned as a photographer covering the President and his Motorcade on 11-22-63, p. 168. Underwood was in a press car in the President's Motorcade through Dallas with photographer James Darnell of WRAP-TV, and Tom Dillard of the Dallas Morning News, Bob Jackson of WFAA-TV, and another photographer whose name Underwood forgot, p. 168
Underwood initially testified that he was 3 cars behind the President in the Motorcade, p. 167. Underwood when questioned about this 3 car position in the Motorcade, explained under testimony that initially he thought the press car he was in was 6 or 7 cars behind the President's car but explained "I could not see that far ahead to determine exactly where we were in the motorcade, although I knew we were in the front of it". Underwood further testified that the reason he said the press car he was in was 3 cars behind the President's Limousine was "according to my movies we took" that he viewed, p. 168.
Underwood said he was in the press car on Houston approaching Elm St. when he heard the first shot that he immediately commented sounded like a big firecracker and that there was a lot of reverberation off the buildings, p. 169. When the press car turned into Elm St. he heard the second and third shot, he testified that he realized the rifle shots came from overhead, the TSBD, p. 169. Underwood testified the car stopped in front of the TSBD and he jumped out of the car, and he remembered photographer, Bob Jackson, "thought he saw a rifle in the window" but when Jackson pointed to the window in the TSBD Underwood saw nothing, p. 168. However, Underwood testified that below the window Jackson pointed to as having a rifle he did see two colored men leaning out the windows with their heads turned up looking towards the top of the TSBD, "I suppose to determine where the shots came from", p. 169.
Underwood's camera broke so he leaped out of his press car when it stopped in front of the TSBD immediately after the third shot and he ran a block down Houston St. to get a camera from a fellow employee named Sanderson who was also covering the parade from the street, p. 169. Underwood testified that when he "got back to the scene, most of the people in the area were running up the grassy slope toward the railway yards just behind the TSBD", p. 170. Underwood saw a group of about a dozen Deputy Sheriffs also running to the same area, id. Underwood then went to the front entrance of the TSBD, id.
Underwood testified that at the TSBD he heard a young colored boy, Euins, telling a motorcycle officer that he saw a colored man lean out of the window upstairs with a rifle, p. 170. Underwood then asked Euins if he had seen someone with a rifle and he said, "yes, sir". "it was a colored man", Euins was sure when asked again by Underwood if the rifle man in the window was colored, p. 170. The colored boy said his name was Euins, id.
Underwood described his movie/photography activities in front of the TSBD for 10 minutes, and then going across the street to the courthouse to make a call to C.B.S. in New York. Underwood took movies of the police and firemen going in and out of TSBD and the general but he said there was quite a time lapse between the time the shots were fired and time anyone checked the building, p. 171. [the W/C did not ask for an estimate of time before the cops cordoned off the building ]
Geneva L. Hine was TSBD employee who worked on the 2d floor office of the TSBD, Vol. VI p. 394. Hine testified that she stayed in the office because the other office employees went out to see the Kennedy motorcade pass on Elm St., p. 395. Hine testified that "I was alone until the lights all went out and the phones became dead because the motorcade was coming near us and no one was calling so I got up and thought I could see it from the east window of our office, p. 395. Hine also testified she heard three shots that "came from inside the building", "the building vibrated from the result of the explosion coming in" p. 395. The shots "sounded almost like cannon shots they were so terrific, p. 396. Hine testified she then went to two other offices on the second floor of the TSBD but the doors to the both offices were locked, p. 396. Hine described her effort to get the girl she could hear on phone in the office of the Southwestern Publishing Co. to open that office's locked door, but Hine was unsuccessful even though she called out to her and shook the locked door, p. 396. Hine then went back to her office to find the electricity was back on, p. 396. Hine testified that Mrs. Reid was back in the office when she returned, p. 397. Hine testified she did not see LHO come into the office as Mrs. Reid would claim via her W/C testimony but Hine said her back was to the door that LHO was supposed to have left by, p. 397.
Mrs. Reid testified that she was the only one in her office on the 2d floor of the TSBD and that she also worked for the TSBD, W/C Vol, III, p. 270.
James Jarman & Harold Norman & Bonnie Ray Williams - "Coincidental" meeting of TSBD Employees on 5th floor of the TSBD. Snipers or Operatives?
TSBD employees, James Jarman, Harold Norman, Bonnie Ray Williams all ended up being on the 5th floor of the TSBD to watch the Kennedy motorcade during the lunch break, but the coincidences and surrounding evidence would lead an investigator to believe that they may be a link to the truth of the Kennedy Assassination. The evidence does support that riflemen were in the TSBD and that shots were fired at 12:30 from the TSBD on 11-22-63 (in addition to shots from the Grassy Knoll and also the Records Building and maybe even the Dal-Tex Building) . Besides the riflemen in the windows of the TSBD seen by citizens on the street just prior to Kennedy being shot, these 3 men and TSBD employee, Jack Dougherty, were the only individuals known, or claimed, to be above the 4th floor of the TSBD at 12:30 when shots rang out to kill Kennedy.
Bonnie Ray Williams age 20 and married testified he started working for the TSBD on 9-8-63 as a result of submitting an application, W/C Vol. III, p. 162. Williams testified he was not familiar with firearms, and never in the army p. 184, Williams still worked at the TSBD when testifying before the Warren Commission in 1964. Williams testified that he quit lunch early that day of 11-22-63 to see the President's motorcade, p.167. Williams testified that on the way down in the elevator from the 6th floor to lunch on the 1st floor he heard LHO holler from either the 6th floor or the 5th floor, "Guys, how about an elevator", "close the gate on the elevator and send the elevator back up", p. 168. Williams washed up and got his lunch on the 1st floor lunchroom and took an elevator back to the 6th floor where he thought everybody else on the flooring crew was going to watch the President's motorcade, p. 169, but he ate lunch by himself no one else showed on the 6th floor, id.
Bonnie Ray Williams, testified to the Warren Commission (W/C Vol. III, p. 172) he was eating lunch on the 6th floor of TSBD until 12:15pm to maybe 12:20pm and he saw nobody on the 6th floor, (W/C Vol. III p. 178). The 6th floor of the TSBD was at the time one open floor plan because it was generic warehouse space. Williams admitted per Warren Commission testimony that he was the one the ate the "chicken dinner" and drank the Dr. Pepper on the 6th floor of the TSBD and left the rubbish (brown paper bag, chicken bones and empty can); this was the "chicken dinner" that the government and "Lone Crazed Assassin" advocates claimed was left by the "cold bolded assassin", Lee Harvey Oswald, who they claimed was so "cold blooded" that he casually ate a "chicken dinner" just before shooting Kennedy. Williams also testified that he was one of the 5 man flooring crew on the 6th floor of the TSBD that had started laying down a new wood floor in the west side of the 6th floor two days before, W/C Vol. III, p. 164. The other flooring crew on the 6th floor were also named by Williams under oath before the Warren Commission as being Billy Shelly, Danny Arce, Charles Givens, Billy Lovelandy.
Williams ate his lunch alone which consisted of a chicken dinner and Dr. Pepper, p. 169, Williams added that he became impatient and moved to a two-wheeler and sat on it, id. Williams stayed up on the 6th floor during lunch for 10-15 minutes, p.170. Williams again testified he did not hear of see anyone on the 6th floor when he was eating his lunch all alone, p. 178. Williams testified he did not hear the elevators, he described as making noise when moving, going up or down as he ate lunch on the 6th floor, p. 179. Williams then took an elevator "that has a gate and works with a hand pedal" to the 5th floor to see if anyone was there because he thought he heard a window moving and a person walking, p. 171. Williams testified that Harold Norman and James Jarman were already on the 5th floor when he arrived on the 5th floor, p. 171. Williams stayed on 6th floor until approximately 12:20pm..p. 178. Williams testified that as the President's car passed he heard maybe a motorcycle backfire and then he heard what he described a second and third shot that sounded like it was in the building and shook the building, p.175. Williams testified the second and third shots were fired "real quick", p. 179. Williams testified that cement, dirt or gravel fell on his head because the shots shook the building, p. 173. Williams testified that he exclaimed, "no shit", which makes him in agreement with Harold Norman who exclaimed the shots came directly from over their head, p. 175. Williams testified that all 3 ran to the west end of the 5th floor because they saw the police and people running toward the railroad tracks which is to the west of the building, id. Williams testified that he did not hear the bullet shells hitting the above 6th floor, nor did he hear the bolt action of a rifle, p. 176. Williams could not explain why they did not go up to the 6th floor, but instead decided to "get the hell out of here" as Jarman suggested, p. 177. Williams testified that he did not hear any footsteps or anything coming from upstairs on the 6th floor, nor did her hear anyone going up or down the stairs while he was on the 5th floor, p. 179 & p. 181. Williams testified that after about 15 minutes from the time the shots were fired all three exited the 5th floor and used the staircase and got to the 1st floor pausing only at the 4th floor where they saw some women looking out the window. p.182, 183. Williams confirmed there was only one set of stairs, id.. When they got to the 1st floor the police stopped them and would not let them leave the building after first asking them if they worked there, p. 182.
Williams testified he did not see LHO carrying a package (curtain rods or rifle) in the morning when Williams saw LHO, p. 178.
The only testimony by Williams that was at variance with Jarman and Norman is William's testimony that he saw a motorcycle cop come up and look around on the 5th floor while Williams and the other two were on the west end of the 5th floor looking at the window, p.180.
James Jarman (aka Junior) testified he was 34 years old and married with 3 children spent 8 years in the U.S. army worked in the TSBD since 1956, W/C Vol. III. Jarman testified he quit for lunch at 11:55, p. 201. Jarman testified he ate part of his lunch in the second floor lunchroom and the rest while walking down to the 1st floor of the TSBD and exited the TSBD to see the Kennedy Motorcade with Harold Norman and Danny Arce, W/C 201-202. Jarman was clear that he did not see or eat with LHO during his lunch time, p. 201. Harold Norman testified he was 26 and married, W/C Vol. III p. 186. After eating lunch Norman testified he got together with James Jarman on the first floor of the TSBD and they exited the front door of the TSBD to see the Kennedy Motorcade at about Noon - 12:10, 189. Norman testified they did not go any further than the Elm Street sidewalk and he was standing with Jarman and Danny Arce (another 6th floor flooring crew), 189. James Jarman testified that while standing on the Elm St. sidewalk they decided to got to the 5th floor of the TSBD between 12:20-12:25, p. 202. James Jarman testified that he and Harold Norman got on the 5th floor of the TSBD at about 12:25 or 12:28, W/C Vol. III p. 210. James Jarman testified that Bonnie Ray Williams, another TSBD employee working on the 6th floor flooring crew, joined them a few minutes later on the 5th floor of the TSBD, 203. Bonnie Ray Williams testified he left the 6th floor of the TSBD at between 12:15 - 12:20. Williams indicated per W/C Vol. III testimony that he arrived on the 5th floor and Jarman and Norman were already on the 5th floor, p. 171. Norman testified that he could not remember if Williams was on the 5th floor before them but testified that Williams was with them when the motorcade passed, 190.
Jarman did not give any reason why he and Norman left Elm st. and went to the 5th floor of the TSBD. When asked by W/C Ball, "Why did you go to the 5th floor", Jarman testified, "We just decided to got the 5th floor", W/C Vol. III p. 202-20. W/C Ball followed up and asked Jarman "was there any reason why you should go to the fifth floor any more than the fourth of sixth? And Jarman replied, "No", id.. However, Harold Norman testified that he and Jarman left to go back into the TSBD because they "got the news that the motorcade was coming down let's see, is that Commerce, no Main, because Commerce-we went back in the building", W/C Vol. VI p. 190.
Jarman could not remember whether it was he or Harold Norman who suggested they go to the 5th floor of TSBD. Jarman testified that when he and Norman arrived on the 5th floor there no one else on the 5th floor, W/C p. 203. Norman testified they went to the 5th floor of the TSBD because he was more familiar with that floor and he figured he could get a better view of the motorcade from the 5th floor.
Both Jarman and Norman testified they left Elm St. and went around the east end of the TSBD using the back door/north door. Norman testified that he and Jarman got on the west elevator (the push button elevator) and went to the 5th floor of the TSBD, p. 190. Jarman testified that the other elevator "was up on six" (6th floor). W/C Vol. III p. 210. Jarman testified that Bonnie Ray Williams joined them on the fifth floor a few minutes later, id.. [ reason for Truly claiming 2 freight elevators stuck on 5th floor of the TSBD - the elevator on the 6th floor was taken by Williams also to the 5th floor according to Williams before 12:30pm].
Jarman testified he thought there was a loud shot or backfire and after the third shot told Williams and Norman someone is shooting at the President, p. 204. Jarman testified he thought the first shot came from below and to his left and that all the shots sounded about the same, p. 209. Harold Norman testified he heard three shots fired at Kennedy and that those shots came from above on the 6th floor of the TSBD, 191. Norman testified "I could hear something sounded like the shell hulls hitting the floor and the ejecting of the rifle, it sounded as though it was to me", p. 191. Norman didn't see any dust falling but did see some in Bonnie Ray Williams hair, p.192. Then they ran to the furthest window facing the expressway or to the right because "it seems as though everyone else was running towards the railroad tracks...", then we went to the west window, p.192. Norman testified that from the window "they saw policemen, and I guess they were detectives, they were searching the empty cars over there. I remember seeing some guy on top of them," p. 193. Jarman per testimony confirms that people and police running across railroad tracks, p. 205.
Jarman denied hearing bullet cartridges hitting the floor and did not hear the action of a bolt action rifle, p. 205. Jarman did not hear anybody running across the 6th floor above or did he hear any steps on the floor, id., nor did Norman or Williams. Jarman did not see or hear the elevators coming up or down as he was looking out the west window to the railroad tracks, p. 206. Jarman did not see Mr. Truly or a cop when he was on the 5th floor, id.
Jarman testified that he, Norman and Williams exited the 5th floor of the TSBD after first running to windows on the west side of the 5th floor and looking out the windows to try and see what was going on after they heard the 3 shots. Jarman testified they decided to leave the 5th floor but the elevator had gone down, (what about the other elevator?) so they ran down the stairs and paused about 1 minute on the fourth floor and then continued to the first floor in time to see TSBD employees Edward Lewis and Eddie Piper, p. 207. Jarman testified that he did not see any one else on the 1st floor, 207. Jarman testified they ran to the front door and out to the street, p. 207. Jarman testified no one stopped them from exiting the TSBD front door, p. 211. Norman testified they came down the stairway to get from the 5th floor to the 1st floor of the TSBD, p.194. Norman testified he did not hear an elevator operating when the ran down the stairs from the 5th floor to the 1st floor, p.193. Norman testified that he could not give an exact answer as to how long they were watching out the 5th floor windows before running down to the 1st floor of the TSBD, other to say "I don't remember, but it wasn't very long", p. 193. But on p. 196, Norman testified that from the time of the first shot to the time they reached the 1st floor of the TSBD 10 or 15 minutes passed, 196. Jarman testified that about a minute passed between the third shot until he ran to the west window on the 5th floor to see what was happening on the railroad tracks, p. 208.
Norman testified that he "did not remember any one saying about going to the 6th floor", p. 192, and had no thought to go up to the 6th floor to see if anybody was up there where the shots were coming from, p.197. Jarman testified that no one suggested to go up to the 6th floor, p. 207.
The 3 ran down the stairs almost fifteen minutes after Victoria Adams and Sandra Styles per their account of facts per W/C testimonies.
James Jarman testified he did not see LHO that morning with a bundle or package of any kind, p. 211.
Jack Edwin Dougherty, an employee at the TSBD on 11-22-63, did not disappoint JFK Assassination researchers. Dougherty should be discounted as a credible witness concerning the JFK Assassination because his short testimony was full of contradictions and impossibilities. Dougherty testified that he was working on the 6th floor filling book orders just before noon and he did not see LHO on the 6th floor, W/C Vol. VI, p. 378. Dougherty testified after he finished lunch at 12:30pm. that he used the east side freight elevator in the TSBD to get to the sixth floor, p. 378, and then as soon as he arrived on the 6th floor, he went fifth floor to get some stock, p. 379 & 380. Then he changed his mind, which was his habit per his W/C testimony, and testified he used the west freight elevator to the sixth floor of the TSBD, p. 380. Dougherty testified that he was on the fifth floor when he heard a loud noise that he described as a car backfiring, p. 379 -380. Evidently, a car backfire was enough to cause Dougherty to immediately return to the 1st floor and ask Eddie Piper what the noise was, and Piper replied the "President was shot.", p. 380. Dougherty testified that he returned to the 1st floor from the 6th floor of the TSBD via the same west elevator, p. 381. Dougherty also testified that when he was 10 feet from the west elevator of the TSBD (5th floor) when he heard the load noise he described as a backfire, p. 380. [elevator working and at the 1st floor immediately after JFK shot].
W/C Ball drilled Dougherty and asked him again if Dougherty was sure that he was "on the 5th floor when he heard the shots", p. 381. Dougherty answered, "yes, I'm positive", p. 381. And Dougherty after being asked by Ball confirmed that he did not see anyone else on the fifth floor - "it was just myself". id. Dougherty testified that when he was on the sixth floor, just before he heard the shots while on the fifth floor, there was no one else on the 6th floor and that he confirmed he was all alone, p. 381. [another alibi for LHO]
Dougherty testified that he did not see Mr. Truly on the 1st floor of the TSBD and that an F.B.I. man asked him where the manager was and Dougherty went looking for Mr. Truly, p. 381.
Dougherty testified he did not see any strangers in the TSBD that day of 11-22-63, p. 381.
Dougherty disappointed the Warren Commission when he testified that he saw LHO enter the TSBD rear door for work at the morning of 11-22-63 at 8:00am. and Dougherty testified that LHO did not have anything in his hands which would eliminate LHO carrying a rifle into the TSBD, p. 376-377.
Dallas motorcycle police officer, Marion Baker, testified to the Warren Commission that upon hearing the gun shots in Dealey Plaza he got off his motorcycle and entered the front entrance of the TSBD on Elm St., and within between 90 seconds observed a man, later identified as Lee Harvey Oswald, in the second floor lunch room and Oswald was immediately identified by supervisor Roy Truly, as an employee at the TSBD. W/C Vol. p. 252. Baker alleged he got off his motorcycle because pigeons flew off the roof of the TSBD when he heard the gun shots in Dealey Plaza, and he wanted to get a high vantage point of Dealey Plaza in order to help with police action regarding the gun shots, p. 246. So the Warren Commission would like the World to believe, read on and learn what D.P.D. Marion Baker first documented per his first Affidavit.
Baker Affidavit Baker Affidavit Baker Aff, LHO drinking coke crossed out Baker Aff. LHO drinking Coke crossed out F.B.I. Report - Baker Baker Aff. 3d/4th man
Marion L. Baker was a motorcycle cop on the Dallas Police Dept. on 11-22-63, he testified before the Warren Commission on March 25, 1964 Vol. III, p. 242. Baker testified that he has been with the Dallas Police Dept. for 10 years and that he is 33 years old, p. 242. Baker testified that he has been a motorcycle cop for 7 or 8 years, p. 243. Baker testified that on 11-22-63 he and his partner received instructions instructions from Capt. Lawrence to ride right beside the President's car, p. 244. Baker testified that his instructions changed about 10-15 minutes before the President's Motorcade left the airport when he got to the airport and his sergeant instructed him that there would not be anyone riding beside the President's car, p. 244. Baker testified that his Sergeant told him and his partner to just fall back behind the press car which was a car in the motorcade, p. 244. Baker testified that he had a two wheel motorcycle and that he traveled in the President's Motorcade at 10-15 mph about 6 cars behind the President's car, p. 245. Baker testified there were 5 motorcycle cops positioned driving in front of the President's Limousine and 4 behind the President's Limousine, p. 265.
Baker testified that he was traveling in the motorcade about one half a block behind the President's Limousine, p. 245, and that as he turned from Main St. into Houston St. the President's Limousine had already turned from Houston into Elm St., p. 245. Baker testified that he was on Houston St., 60-80' north of the intersection of Main and Houston, when he heard the shots, p. 246. Baker testified that the shots sounded like they came from a high location from a high powered rifle from either the TSBD or the building to the right of it, p. 246. Baker testified that he saw pigeons flew off the top of the buildings and in particular he said from the northwest corner of the TSBD, p. 246. Baker incoherently (which is common language for Dallas cops' Warren Commission testimony) next testifies, when asked what he did when he heard the shots, "I immediately revved that motorcycle up and was going up there to see if I could help anybody or see what was going on because I couldn't see around this bend", p. 247, further Baker testified that "before I revved up this motorcycle, I heard the, you know, the two extra shots, the three shots, p. 247. Baker testified that he heard three shots and that the time between each shot was "pretty well even to me", p. 247. Baker testified that each shot was three seconds apart, 3 seconds between the first and second shot and 3 seconds between the 2d and 3d shot, p. 269-270. Baker traveled 180 - 200' from the location where he heard the first shot and parked his motorcycle at the northwest corner of the TSBD approximately 10' from the signal light, p. 247. Baker testified that he parked his motorcycle approximately 45' from the TSBD doorway, p. 248.
Baker testified that as he approached the TSBD by motorcycle that he looked at the TSBD windows and a number of them were open but he did not recall anyone looking out the windows, p. 267. Although, he testified that he looked at the other buildings and there were people looking out the windows and doorways, id.
Baker testified that fellow motorcycle cop, Jim Chaney, told him that after the first shot rang out the President's Limousine came to a complete stop, as did several other officers say it came to a complete stop, p. 266.
Baker testified that he then looked west towards the Triple Underpass from his location at his parked motorcycle and saw and saw people falling and running and on the ground and rolling around and people were grabbing their children and "I noticed one, I don't know who he was, but there was a "man ran out into the crowd and back," p. 248. Baker further testifies that he parked his motorcycle and looked west down Elm St., and the "President's car swerved left and I saw this man run out into this crowd and back. I don't know who he was, but I saw these people following him, and all these pressmen jumping out of their cars and running down the street toward him", p. 266. "He came from inside the motorcade out to the sidewalk and then back", id.
Baker testified that a woman was screaming, "oh, they have shot that man, they have shot the man", p. 248. Baker testified that 500-600 people were in the area of the TSBD and that they were running in every direction, just trying to get out of the way, p. 249.
Baker testified that he had it in his mind that the shots came from the top of the TSBD, p. 248. Baker further testified that the last thing he heard on his motorcycle's police radio was the chief broadcasting, "Get some men up on that railroad track", p. 259.
Baker testified that as he entered the TSBD lobby there were other people going in as he entered the building, p. 249, and got 4' -5' inside the lobby of the TSBD and asked "where is the stairway of the elevator", p. 264. Baker then asked where the stairs or elevator where and a man named Truly identified himself as the "building manager" and said, "follow me officer, and I will show you." Baker testified that as they were running through the swinging door on the 1st floor of the TSBD and "Mr. Truly got from my back to my front," p. 267, he bumped into the back of Truly, p. 249. We ran to the northwest corner of the TSBD and Truly tried to get a service elevator down to the 1st floor by "pushing a button", but the elevator did not come down. id.. Baker testified that twice Truly then hollered (up the elevator shaft) "bring that elevator down here", p. 249. Baker testified that he then decided to take the stairs, Baker testified that his "intention was to go all the way to the top (of the building) where I thought the shots came from," p. 250. Baker further testified that he looked up the elevator shaft, while Truly was hollering up the shaft for the elevator, and he saw what he thought was one big elevator that "looked anywhere from 3-4 floors up" . p. 254. Baker further testified that the elevator was not moving and he did not hear an elevator moving at that time (looking up the elevator shaft from the 1st floor), p. 254.
Baker testified that when he was crossing the 1st floor of the TSBD to get to the elevators in the northwest corner there were two white men sitting about 20' - 30' away and they were both looking at us, p. 263. [the W/C stopped any further questions about these 2 white men].
Baker testified that when he reached the second floor and Truly was running ahead of him that he "caught a glimpse of this man walking away from this - I happened to see him through this window in this door", Baker continued that "All I seen of him was a glimpse of him go away from me," "he was walking away from me about 20' away from me in the lunchroom." Baker testified that he hollered at him, "Come here" and "he turned and walked right straight back to me," p.250. Baker testified that "I was in the hallway between this door and the second door, right at the edge of the second door" and then he marked W/C Exhibit 497 at "24" as his described position, id.. Baker further testified that W/C Exhibit 498 represented a picture of the "door leading from the second floor hallway into the vestibule going into the lunchroom", p. 255. Baker testified that this man had nothing in his hands and said nothing, and that Baker had his revolver out, p. 251, and he further testified that this man on the second floor of the TSBD was calm and collected and appeared normal, and he never changed his expression, p. 252, Baker further testified that LHO was not out of breath, p. 263. Baker testified that he asked Truly if he knew this man and Truly confirmed that he worked at the TSBD, p. 251, and we immediately continued up the stairs, id.
Baker estimated that 30 seconds had elapsed between the time he first saw a movement through door window that leads to the 2d floor lunchroom and the time he left LHO to continue up the stairs to the roof, p. 258.
Baker testified that the man he stopped on the second floor of the TSBD was Lee Harvey Oswald. Baker explained that he made this identification of LHO later that evening at City Hall where the Dallas Police had LHO under arrest, p. 251.
Baker confirmed and described the Warren Commission's re-enactment they had Baker do on March 20, 1964, of his travel on his motorcycle to the TSBD and up to the 2d floor of the TSBD and estimated that it took him 90 seconds to see LHO on the 2d floor lunchroom from the time he heard the rifle shots, pgs. 252-254. Strangely, Baker testifies they timed him, via the re-enactment, from the point of the last shot and then at W/C Counsel Belin's insistence Baker changes the timing to have started from the point of the first shot, p. 252. The Warren Commission was trying to coordinate/compare this "Baker run" to the second floor in 90 seconds to LHO's alleged flight down the TSBD stairs from the sixth floor to the 2d floor lunchroom. LHO would not have fled the his alleged sniper window on the 6th floor of the TSBD until he fired his last shot or third shot. To time Baker's 90 second dash to the 2d floor lunchroom from the point of the first shot makes Baker's distance traveled longer and trims about 5-6 seconds (time W/C determined it took to fire 3 shots from 6th floor of TSBD) off the time to allow LHO to get to the 2d floor once all the shots were fired; in other words it took, according to Baker, him 90 seconds to see LHO on the 2d floor from the time of the 1st shot and that would leave LHO only about 84-85 seconds after the last shot to get to the 2d floor lunchroom in time for Baker to see him. Actually less than 84-85 seconds because LHO, according to Baker testimony, was there first, p. 252. [It is just more nonsense by the W/C that they timed Baker from the point of the first shot and it also hurts their case that LHO could physically be present in the 2d floor lunchroom in time for Baker to see him].
Noteworthy, Baker testified that the Warren Commission's Re-enactment on March 20, 1964 of his "run to see LHO in the 2d floor lunchroom" was done two more times and resulted in Baker being timed in 78 seconds and 74 seconds, p. 254. [This hurts the W/C's case against LHO all the more and even the W/C would have to agree that LHO could not have made it down from the 6th floor to the 2d floor in 78 or 74 seconds, after hiding his alleged rifle and fleeing from the southeast corner of the 6th floor of the TSBD after he fired his last shot.]. However, Baker opined that those times, including the 90 second timing, that these were the minimum amount of times it would have taken him to make his "run" to see LHO on the 2d floor, p. 252 & 253.
Baker testified that when he stopped LHO on the 2d floor of the TSBD that LHO had on a "light brown jacket and maybe some kind of white looking shirt", p. 257. Then Baker is asked to compare W/C Exhibit 150 (supposedly LHO's shirt on 11-22-63) to the clothing Baker saw LHO wearing and Baker testified "I believe that is the shirt that he had on when he came--I wouldn't be sure of that", "It seemed to me like the other shirt was a little bit darker than that whenever I saw him in the homicide office there", p. 257. Then Baker testifies "all I can remember it was in my recollection of it it was a light brown jacket," id. Baker further testified that when he saw LHO under arrest in the homicide office he did have a brown-type shirt on that was out," id. and p. 262. Baker further testifies that later that day of 11-22-63 when he saw LHO under arrest at the homicide office that LHO looked like he didn't have the same thing on, p. 262.
Baker testified that he and Truly continued up one of two floors and came to a floor where the east elevator was located and took that east elevator to the "seventh floor or the top floor" of the TSBD, p. 258. Baker did not notice if the west elevator was there at the same floor they took the east elevator from, p. 258. Baker testified that when he and Truly got to the top floor the east elevator would go to they then had to go up a flight of stairs to get to the roof, p. 259, Baker determined that due to a 5' ledge on the perimeter of the roof of the TSBD that it would be impossible to shoot from the roof because Baker claimed he had to be on his tip toes and hang on to the ledge with both his hands to see over the ledge that covered the perimeter of the roof of the TSBD, id. Baker testified that while he was on the roof of the TSBD he could see all the people in the rail road yard to the west of the TSBD, id. Baker testified that he also climbed 10' up the Hertz sign on the roof of the TSBD and determined that it was impossible to have shot from the Hertz sign because there was no way told hold on and also fire a rifle, p. 260. Baker also inspected the "shack" that was located on the northwest corner of the roof of the TSBD and determined that "pigeons had been roasting there", p. 260. Baker further testified that he and Truly were on the roof for a "little over 5 minutes", p. 261.
Baker confirmed via W/C Exhibit 507 that the flight of stairs that he and Truly took to the roof was actually a "Ladder to the Roof", p. 261. Baker and Truly returned to the east elevator where they had left it and while going down in the east elevator Baker noticed Inspector Sawyer on one of the floors, p. 261. Baker testified that "it seemed to me that we stopped for a moment and I spoke to him" telling him the roof was clear. Baker testified that he spoke to Sawyer either on the 3rd or 4th floor, p. 261.
Baker then returned via the east elevator to the 1st floor of the TSBD and left Truly and exited the building in search of the President's Motorcade, p. 262.
Baker estimated that he spent 15 minutes in the TSBD measured from the time he entered the building to his return to the 1st after going to the roof, p. 262.
Why, if his reason for entering the TSBD was to get a high vantage point, did he stop Oswald, as if he was a suspect? Did Baker think that Oswald could have been on the roof a few seconds before causing the pigeons to take flight? Or was Oswald somewhere they had not planned him to be?
This evidence presented by the 9 TSBD employees, as above including Givens and Bonnie Ray Williams, Carolyn Arnold, Victoria Adams and company, Jack Doherty, along with responding Dallas Officer Marion Baker, would be enough evidence, alone, to prove to an unbiased jury that Oswald didn't do any shooting that 11-22-63 from the 6th floor or anywhere else between noon and 12:31pm. that 11-22-63.
Officer Baker testified that when he first observed Lee Harvey Oswald on the 2d floor lunchroom, that Oswald was not sweating or breathing hard but was relaxed enjoying his cold drink. Per W/C testimony Baker described Oswald in the second floor lunch room as "cool, calm, collected, he appeared normal to me. "Lee Harvey must have been one Cool Customer, if you believe in the Warren Commission's "Lone Crazed Gunman".
Almost a year after the JFK Assassination, D.P.D. Baker even wrote up a brand new Affidavit in September of 1964 to support his new account of facts that he observed in the TSBD, and to support his Warren Commission testimony (note: Baker crosses out that Oswald was "drinking a coke"). The F.B.I. also did their part to fabricate evidence; the F.B.I. reported that Lee Harvey Oswald was found by D.P.D. Baker in the second floor lunchroom. Baker "crossed out" that Oswald was "drinking a coke" because it would have taken about a half a minute to put the dime in the Coke machine, wait for the bottle to drop and open the bottle cap and be in process of drinking the coke. Baker claimed 90 seconds elapsed from the time the shots rang out to the time he saw Oswald in the second floor TSBD lunchroom; the time of approximately 30 seconds needed to get to the point of drinking the coke that he bought would have had to have been subtracted from the 90 seconds causing it impossible for Oswald to first go from the 6th floor TSBD southeast window, hide the rifle, and run down the stairs to the 2d floor lunchroom in the resulting time of 60 seconds.
Not What D.P.D. Baker said First - No LHO or 2d floor TSBD lunchroom
However, Dallas P.D. Officer Marion Baker first said something a "little different" that makes the whole picture at the TSBD, immediately after 12:31pm. when Kennedy was killed, a "whole lot different." Baker wrote an Affidavit, immediately, on 11-22-63 about what he witnessed after rushing into the TSBD immediately after JFK was shot in Dealey Plaza. There was nothing about seeing anyone, including Lee Harvey Oswald, in the TSBD second floor lunchroom. Marion Baker instantly stated per that same sworn Affidavit (more readable format) that he saw a man walking away from him on the third or fourth floor of the TSBD as he was on his way to the roof of the TSBD. Baker described this man that he immediately encountered on the 3d or 4th floor of the TSBD, when he was running up the TSBD stairs, as being a white man approximately 30 years old and 5'-9" weighing 165 with dark hair and wearing a light brown jacket. Baker claimed that Roy Truly exclaimed, "I know that man, he works here." This man Baker describes on the third or fourth floor does not describe Lee Harvey Oswald, nobody claimed he was wearing a light brown jacket that Assassination day. No one, including the Warren Commission, Dallas Cops, or F.B.I., claimed that Lee Harvey Oswald was on the third or fourth floor of the TSBD, let alone that Baker stopped Oswald on the third or fourth floor.
Baker claimed, per his first Affidavit, that Roy Truly met him as he entered the TSBD and went up the stairs with Truly, not that Truly told Baker in the second floor TSBD lunchroom that Oswald was employee there.
Was this man on the third or fourth floor of the TSBD as seen, and initially admitted by Officer Baker, one of the men arrested in the TSBD within minutes after JFK was Assassinated? Dallas P.D. Ira Trantham was one of the officers who entered the TSBD before 12:35pm. (he got to the roof at 12:35pm). Trantham was interviewed by HSCA investigator Jack Moriarty in 1978 and revealed that as he was going up the stairs of the TSBD he was met by Dallas P.D. Denham with a prisoner who was "acting suspicious" on the third floor of the TSBD. "Prisoner" means another arrest in Dealey Plaza immediately after the JFK Assassination. And true to form that arrest by D.P.D. Denham was covered-up and all documentation was destroyed and never produced by the Police involved. With all the subsequent police and F.B.I. and Secret Service reports concerning evidence of the JFK Assassination, this arrest like so many other in Dealey Plaza on 11-22-63 were never heard of again, deliberately. See Section "XVII. Other Curiosities in Dealey Plaza 11-22-63", below.
D.P.D. Allan Sweat reports that an officer arrested a "boy" in the sport jacket, who the Dallas Police arrested in the TSBD, pg. 2, immediately after Kennedy was Assassinated? He is just another character like the infamous person described only as "the twenty year old man in the black jacket" who the Dallas police stopped in Dealey Plaza and released. Both of these remote individuals were jeered at by the citizen onlookers as the "Assassin" but neither are ever attached to a name. Dallas P.D. Officer Sweat doesn't tell us the name of the police officer who arrested this "boy in the sport jacket" in the TSBD. Was the arresting officer D.P.D. Denham, as below? Or, is these two different arrestees (the arrest per D.P.D. Sweat and the arrest by D.P.D. Denham) being taken from the TSBD?ion Baker that he got off his police motorcycle and was on the second floor of the TSBD to question Lee Harvey Oswald in the lunchroom all in the short period of 90 seconds from the time the gun shots were fired in Dealey Plaza is hard to believe. 90 seconds was just too much "hero talk" by Baker and instinctively it is not believable. That's because he made it up long after 11-22-63 to hide the real evidence that he witnessed in the TSBD. And the arrest by D.P.D. Vaughn of a boy on the 3/4 floor of the TSBD.
Roy Sansom Truly at the time of his Warren Commission testimony in 1964 had been working at the TSBD since 1934, he was born in 1907, W/C Vol. III, p. 212. Truly testified that he had been superintendent of the TSBD operation since late 1944, p. 213. Truly first heard the name, Lee Harvery Oswald, on October 15, 1963 when he received a telephone call from a lady in Irving, Tx. named, Mrs. Paine who inquired about a job opening for a "fine young man" who was Lee Harvey Oswald, p. 213. Truly was sure to add that that was "the first and last time he spoke to Mrs. Paine", id. Truly gave LHO a temporary job at the TSBD as an book order picker and his hours were 8:00am. to 4:45pm with a lunch period from 12:00pm. to 12:45pm.. There was no time clock at the TSBD, p. 214. Truly explained that the TSBD is an agent for a number of publishers, 215. Truly testified that LHO filled orders mostly for Scott Forseman and that those Scott Forseman books are located on the 5th and 6th floor, p. 215. Lee Harvey Oswald was paid $1.25/hr.; Truly added that LHO "did a good day's work", p. 216. Truly testified that LHO worked a 5-day week and never missed a day, p. 217. Truly testified that LHO did not socialize or talk on the phone, p. 240. Truly testified that on 11-22-63 he did not see LHO with any package or bundle, p. 240.
Truly testified that he heard nothing from fellow employees at the TSBD about the President going to pass the TSBD, p. 218. Truly went to lunch at around 12:10 and "we noticed that it wouldn't be long until the motorcade would come by and we decided to wait and watch the President come by", p. 219. Truly testified that he stood 10-15' from the front steps of the TSBD on Elm St. to watch the President's Motorcade, p. 219. Truly testified that he noticed fellow employee Mrs. Reid standing close to him and that Billy Shelly was standing to my right as I faced the motorcade, p. 220. Truly further testified, in contradiction, that he learned of the President's Motorcade route through Dallas about 72 hours before the Assassination, p. 239.
Truly was particularly observant about "three of our colored boys had come out and started up, and two of them came back", and "I didn't see them when the motorcade passed," p. 220. Truly continued that "they came back later on and two of them were the ones on the fifth floor". "Possibly they could not see over the crowd, they are short boys", p. 220. However, he also testified "it seemed like there were several other employees standing out there in front of the building, But I cannot--"p. 220.
Truly testified that the President's Motorcade was going 10-15mph and when the President's Limo turned from Houston St. into Elm St. it "almost hit the curb" that forms the divider between Elm St. (the Parkway) and the Elm St. access road in front of the TSBD, p. 220, the President's Limo had to "almost stop to pull over to the left", p. 220, so that the Limo could get back and drive down Elm St., p. 220.
Truly testified he heard an explosion that he thought was a firecracker or toy cannon and then immediately after two more explosions which he realized was a rifle, p. 221. Truly testified "I saw the President's car swerve to the left and stop somewhere in the area". p. 221. Truly testified that after the third shot the crowd reacted in panic and terror and started screaming and falling on the ground and the crowd surge forced him back to the front stairs of the TSBD, id. Truly testified that he saw the President's car stop for a second or two but didn't see it after that because the "crowd congealed around and forced him back and because of the weight of the numbers I lost sight of it" (the President's car), p. 221. Truly testified "I think a lot of people were trying to get out of the way", p. 221.
Truly testified that there was a police officer standing 7-10' from him and that a motorcycle cop ran up to the building and up the stairs into the lobby and that he, Truly followed him and caught up with him in the lobby inside the building, p. 221. Truly testified, but "I remember it occurred to me that this man wants on top of the building", p. 221. The motorcycle cop then asked "where's the stairway and I told him "this way"", p. 221. Truly then ran with this cop to the northwest corner of the 1st floor of the building, p. 221. Truly explained, via Exhibit 362, that the front stairs to the right while entering the TSBD only go to the second floor, p. 222, the stairs in the northwest corner of the TSBD go to the 7th floor, p. 222.
Truly testified that he and the motorcycle cop (Baker) got to the elevators at the northwest corner of the TSBD, but both elevators (east and west) were up at the 5th floor, 223. Truly continued that he tried to get the west elevator to come down to the 1st floor but the gate was not down so it would not move, the east elevator was not push button and he would have had to go up and gotten on the east elevator to bring it down to the 1st floor, id. Truly then hollered up the elevator shaft, "turn loose the elevator", but the elevators stayed on the 5th floor, p. 223. Truly took the stairway with the motorcycle cop right behind him, p. 223.
Truly went up ahead of officer Baker and after the second floor realized Baker was not behind him, that Baker stopped on the second floor landing and heard some voices in the lunchroom, p. 224. Truly saw Baker with his gun drawn pointing at Lee Harvey Oswald who was 2-3' inside the lunchroom and Baker asked does "this man work here?", and I said "yes", p. 225. Truly testified Baker's gun was almost touching LHO and that LHO had nothing in his hands and said nothing, and LHO had no change of expression during the Baker gun pointing episode, p. 225. Truly testified that they immediately continued up the stairs to the 5th floor, once he told Baker that LHO worked there, p. 226.
Truly testified that he did not know the motorcycle cop's name was Marion Baker until March 20, 1964, p. 226. Truly testified he only learned a day before his W/C testimony that Baker stopped on the second floor because he saw a movement in the lunchroom, id. [Truly never said anything about Baker stopping a white man in a "light brown jacket" on the 3d/4th floor, nor did the W/C ask him about it].
Truly testified that as they went up to the 5th floor there was no elevators at 2d through 4th floor, and when they got to the fifth floor only the east elevator was on the 5th floor, but the west elevator was gone, p. 227. Truly explained that the west elevator was not there or he could not have seen the east elevator on the 5th floor, p. 227. Truly testified "I am positive the west elevator was not there on the 5th floor, id. Truly testified that they took the east elevator up to the 7th floor and did not stop at the 6th floor, p. 227. Truly testified that "we ran up a little stairway that leads out through a little penthouse to the roof", id. Truly further testified that when they got on to the roof of the TSBD they ran to the northwest corner and looked over the wall after "digging into a toe hold between the motor" and they "saw all the people and officers running up and down", p. 227. Truly testified that they looked around the roof and the ledge and up at the Hertz sign to find evidence of anyone being there but they found nothing, p. 227.
Truly testified that he did not see the west elevator, at all, while traveling from the 5th floor to the 7th floor in the east elevator because the back of the east elevator was solid metal, p. 228. When asked by W/C counsel Belin when he, Truly, saw the west elevator next, Truly answered "I don't know" and also testified "I wasn't really looking for it," p. 229. When asked to explain how it was that both elevators had been on the 5th floor when he and Baker were on the 1st floor and then when they reached the 5th floor by the stairs that the east elevator was gone, Truly answered, " I don't know sir", one of the boys was moving stock on the 5th floor backside and moved the west elevator while we were running up the stairs, p. 229. Truly added that he could not have heard the elevator with all the noise and commotion that he and Baker were making while running up the stairs, id. Truly was asked if he saw anyone on the 5th floor and Truly answered, "when coming down I am sure I saw Jack Dougherty getting some books on the 5th floor", p. 229, but Truly described this as "dim in his mind," and, "I could be making a mistake" about seeing Dougherty on the 5th floor, id. and that he, Truly, really doesn't know who was operating the west elevator, id. [obviously anyone who contradicts themselves like Truly does here regarding the west elevator and Dougherty using it is a liar, he goes from sure to dim in mind to could be making a mistake].
Truly testified that Baker made a quick search of the 7th floor of the TSBD and then we reached the 6th floor (by east elevator) and Baker glanced around the 6th floor, they continued down to the 4th floor (missed the 5th coincidentally) and stopped at the 4th floor were they saw an officer and then continued to the 1st floor, p. 229.
Truly estimate that it took 15 minutes from the time gun shots were fired to go up to the roof of the TSBD and then come back to the 1st floor of the TSBD, including the time spent with LHO, p. 229. Truly added that the he got back to the 1st floor of the TSBD was a madhouse of cops and reporters id.
Roy Truly comes to the Rescue has Oswald's identification ready when Dallas Police arrive at TSBD
Truly upon getting back to 1st floor "noticed LHO was not among these boys", I first mentioned this to Mr. Cambell and then asked Bill Shelley if he had seen him and he looked around and said "no". Truly testified that he first noticed LHO was missing about 15-20 minutes after the shots were fired, p. 239. So Truly contacted Mr. Aiken, at the warehouse, and got the boy's general description, telephone number and address in Irving, p. 230, but did not describe LHO's clothes just his job application information, p. 239. LHO was the only employee that Truly asked for his name and address because as Truly testified LHO was the only one he was sure that was missing, p. 230. However, Truly first testified that there "were another one or two out then", p. 230. [Givens was gone and did not return until about 1:30]. Truly continued that Chief Lumpkin was standing a few feet from me and Truly told Lumpkin, "I had a boy missing over here", "I don't know if it amounts to anything or not", "and I gave him his description" p. 230. Truly continued that Chief Lumpkin said, "just a moment. We will go tell Captain Fritz", p. 230. Truly and Lumpkin took an elevator to the 6th floor of the TSBD where Capt. Fritz was located at that time and Lumpkin told Fitz that Truly had something to tell him; Capt. Fritz then said, "What is it Mr. Truly" and Truly told him about the boy missing and gave Fritz his name and address and general description, p. 230. Truly testified that Fritz said "thank you, we will take care of it, p. 230.
When Capt. Fritz of the Dallas P.D. Homicide Bureau arrived at the TSBD about 15-20 minutes after Kennedy was shot, Truly was again at the service of the investigating police. According to the F.B.I.'s SA Vincent Drain, per report by Capt. Fritz, Truly had information that Lee Harvey Oswald was the only employee missing from the TSBD at that time, 15-20 minutes after the Assassination. Fritz took the information on Oswald provided by Truly back to the Dallas Police Dept. to obtain a Search Warrant for "Oswald's residence in Irving, Texas." Of course, Oswald did not live in Irving, Texas, the Dallas Police went to Mrs. Paine's house in Irving without a search warrant. Marina Oswald did live Irving, Texas at Mrs. Paine's house. Mrs. Pain welcomed the Dallas Police according to one of the investigating officers, Buddy Walthers.
There were 48 TSBD employees outside the TSBD at 12:30pm. when President Kennedy's Motorcade passed, due to lunch time, and the additional feature of the President's Parade passing their work place. More TSBD employees exited the TSBD after the shots rang out in Dealey Plaza at 12:30pm. The TSBD was sealed off due to the Dallas Police doing a search of the building and did not re-open so employees could get back in until after Lee Harvey Oswald was arrested in the Texas Theater at 1:45pm.. A general description of the alleged 6th floor window TSBD Assassin was issued at 12:45pm. by the Dallas P. D.. An employee roll call at the TSBD came at 2:00pm. when they discovered the Lee Harvey Oswald was missing; by that time he had already been arrested at the Texas Theater. How did the Dallas Police know they were looking for Lee Harvey Oswald?
Truly admitted via testimony that the flooring crew on the 6th floor moved a long row of books down parallel to the windows in the southeast corner, p. 231.
Truly testified that he thought the shots came from the WPA project (monument on the Grassy Knoll) west of the TSBD, p. 227.
Truly confirms via testimony that on March 20, 1964 that the Warren Commission had Truly and Baker do a re-enactment of them and Baker testified that he thought it took 1 1/2 minutes to 2 minutes (minimum according to Truly) for Baker to get off his motorcycle and get to the second floor lunchroom in order to see LHO, p. 228.
Truly testified that LHO could not have used the elevators to escape after the shooting because both elevators were on the 5th floor and Truly saw them at an even position at the 5th floor and then we went up the stairs to the second floor and LHO was there, it would have been impossible for him to have used the elevators the we saw were both at the 5th floor, LHO had to have used the stairs, p. 240. Truly testified that in his opinion LHO walked out the front entrance of the TSBD into the crowd on Elm St. before the police had the TSBD "stopped", p. 241. [there was no one else that testified that the elevators were on the 5th floor when Baker came in to the TSBD, and that LHO must have used the stairs].[could it be that the Assassin (s) the TSBD used the elevators to escaspe, maybe before Baker got there!]
Forrest V. Sorrels of the Secret Service testified before the Warren Commission on May 7, 1964, W/C Vol. VII, p. 332. Sorrels testified that the planning, preparation, and protective arrangements made by the Secret Service was the same for JFK concerning his trip to Dallas, p. 333-334. Sorrels testified that they confered with the Dallas Police about JFK's trip and in particular about the President's Motorcade route through Dallas in order to determine if the route is appropriate because the Dallas Police are more familiar with the area, p. 334. Sorrels testified that he was contacted on November 4, 1963 by Special Agent in Charge, Gerald A. Behn, of the White House Detail that the President would probably visit Dallas about November 21, 1963, p. 334. Sorrels testified that he and other Secret Service Agents planned the President's Motorcade route through Dallas and chose to use Elm St. instead of Main St. because Elm St. gave access to Stemmons Highway so to get to the President's next stop which was the Trade Mart for a luncheon, p. 336-337. Sorrels went on to testify that on the other side of the Triple Underpass (west of Dealey Plaza) there was a curb or build-up that prevented a car to from getting over to the right on to Elm St. so to get the Stemmon Highway exit which is off Elm St., p. 337.
Sorrels testified that they did discuss the danger posed by the buildings along the President's route through Dallas and remarked during preparation discussions with the Dallas Police Sorrels claimed to have commented that "if someone wanted to get to the President he could do it with a high powered rifle from one of those buildings or some hillside", p. 338. Sorrels testified that the only thing done to minimize the risk of the planned President's Parade route was to do "nothing more than as we always do and scan windows, and if we see something suspicious take proper action", p. 338.
Sorrels testified that the Secret Service researched people that could be a danger to the President while and Dallas via Protective Research, p. 338. Sorrels testified that on November 21, 1963 "F.B.I. Special Agent James Hosty came to the office early in the morning with a number of handbills with a picture of the President's face and with the caption "Wanted for Treason" with a number of reasons listed for the claim of the President's treason", p. 339. Sorrels testified that both the Secret Service and police investigated these handbills and could not find anyone who actually distributed them, p. 339. Sorrels testified that he was not surprised that no Protective Research Subjects (PRS) were found by the Secret Service that posed a danger to the President, as communicated to him by Secret Service Agent Lawson, p. 340. Sorrels testified that he and Secret Service did not request any help with the protection measures for the President on his trip through Dallas from other Federal Agencies, including the I.R.S, F.B.I., p. 340. Although, Sorrels admitted that other Agencies did offer their services to assist in protecting the President and Sorrels gave those Agencies "the usual reply that we are working with local officials, police department, Sheriff's Department, Department of Public Safety, and we feel that we have sufficient manpower to take care of the program as we have in the past", p. 340.
Sorrels testified that he was in the lead car of the President's Motorcade traveling through Dallas, p. 341. Sorrels testified that his function in the lead car was "to be there with the Special Agent and with the Chief of Police, and to observe the people and buildings as we drove along in the motorcade, p. 341. Sorrels testified that they would be looking for anything to us that might be danger, p. 349. Sorrels testified that as his lead car took a right into Houston that he had the TSBD was "directly in front of us", p. 342. Sorrels further testified that there were windows open, and that there were some people looking from the windows." id.. I remember distinctly there was a couple of colored men looking from the windows almost not quite to the center of the building probably two floors down from the top, p. 342. Sorrels was sure via his testimony that he had a view of all windows in the building "because it was right in front", p. 342. Sorrels testified that he even saw one window open on the right side of the TSBD, and that "of course he did not see any objects sticking out of the windows like a rifle or anything pointing out of the windows," p. 342. Sorrels testified that the lead car was a Ford Sedan (white) hardtop and that the hardtop blocked some of his vision, but he saw the entire TSBD because he was in the rear right seat. p. id. Sorrels testified that the lead car was 30' in front of the President's car, id.
Sorrels testified that the President's Motorcade was running late and that when the President's Limo turned into Elm St. his lead car was several cars ahead of the President's Limo; Sorrels testified that it was 12:30 and they were 5 minutes late, p. 345. Sorrels testified that he heard 3 shots that he thought came from the "terrace part" (Grassy Knoll) and the there was twice as much time between the first and second shot as between the second and third shot, p. id . Sorrels testified that it took about 6 seconds to fire all 3 shots, id. Sorrels didn't see anyone or anything like a gun or shooter on the terrace, "because we were moving pretty fast", p. 346. Sorrels witnessed a police officer with three other men over to the right of the Triple Underpass, Sorrels was positive the shots did not come from the Triple Underpass, p. 347.
Sorrels testified that the Chief took the microphone (in the lead car) and ordered "surround the building", "he didn't say which building", p. 345.
Sorrels testified that the lead car continued to Parkland Hospital and that he immediately got a ride back from a Dallas Police car to the TSBD; Sorrels testified that it took about 20 minutes from the shots being fired to the time he arrived at the TSBD, p. 347. Strangely, Sorrels testifies that he heard no police radio broadcasts that lead him to the TSBD and at this point he "did not know for certain that the shots came from the TSBD", p. 347. When Sorrels got to the TSBD he went in the back door, id.. Sorrels testified that as he got to the TSBD he saw police officers but there was no police officer stationed at the loading dock of the TSBD (back of TSBD) and he entered the TSBD without identifying himself, p. 348. Sorrels got inside the TSBD and asked for the building manager and someone pointed to Truly and Sorrels identified himself to Truly, p. 348.
Sorrels asked, "did anyone see anything?" and someone pointed out Brennan, p. 348. Sorrels testified that Brennan told him that he was watching the President's Motorcade across the street from the TSBD and that Breenan said the shots came from the TSBD and that Brennan thought he heard firecrackers and "he glanced up to the building and that he saw a man at the window up the right hand side, the second floor from the top" and Sorrels further testified that he (Brennan) said, "I could see the man taking deliberate aim and I saw him fire the third shot" and "he just pulled the rifle back in and moved back from the window, just as unconcerned as could be" p. 349. Sorrels testified that Brennan described the rifleman in the window of the TSBD as being slender man, he had on a light jacket or shirt or something to that effect and that he thought he could identify him, and that he had a slender build", p. 349.
Sorrels testified that they pointed out that a young colored boy named Euins who saw the rifleman in the window of the TSBD but Euins but could not identify the rifleman and "could not tell if he was colored or white". p. 349. Sorrels did not remember whether Euins saw anyone in the other windows of the TSBD, p. 349. Brennan did not say he saw anyone leaving the building (W/C hinting about rifleman and the 2 Negros that Sorrels said he saw in the 5th floor). Sorrels testified that Brennan was dressed in a hard hat and was a construction worker,id.. Sorrels testified that Brennan identified the window the sniper was in and that that window was one floor above and to the right/east of the window he (Sorrels) saw the two negroes looking out as he passed the TSBD in the lead car, p. 349.
Sorrels testified that both Euins and Brennan were brought to the Dallas Deputy Sheriff's Office to give witness statements, p. 349.
Sorrels then talked to Mr. Arnold Roland and his wife, p. 350. Roland Arnold told Sorrels that he saw a man on the west side of the building (TSBD), where a couple of windows were open, with a rifle that had a telescopic sight on it, p.351. Arnold Roland could not identify the man that he saw with the rifle in the window of the TSBD, p. 351. Arnold Roland assumed that the rifleman was Secret Service and did not say anything, p. 351.
Sorrels testified that Harry McCormick, a reporter of the Dallas Morning News, introduced him to Abraham Zapruder who had filmed the entire Kennedy Assassination and Zapruder agreed to give Sorrels a copy of his film. Sorrels with Zapruder went to WFAA TV to get that television station to develope Zapruder's film but they, according to Sorrels declined but instead called Eastman Kodak Co.. Eastman Kodak Co. agreed to develop Zapruder's film. [they never did say or ask where they had to go to get Eastman Kodak to develop the Zapruder film], p. 352.
Sorrels by 2:00pm then went to Capt. Fritz office where they had LHO in custody. Sorrels learned via questioning of LHO that he worked in the TSBD as an order picker and that LHO had spent time in the Soviet Union, p. 353. LHO then chose to remain silent, p. 353. Sorrels testified that Capt. Fitz got no admissions out of LHO, p. 354. Sorrels testified that the Dallas Police had a line-up featuring LHO. Their star witness Brennan was called to view the line-up in order to identify LHO as the rifleman he saw in 6th floor window of the TSBD when Kennedy got shot. Sorrels spoke to Brennan before he viewed the line-up featuring LHO. Brennan told Sorrels that "I don't know if I can do you any good or not, because I have seen the man that they have under arrest on television" and Brennan said per Sorrels, "I just don't know whether I can identify him positively or not" because the man I saw on TV was a bit disheveled and his shirt was open, "the man I saw was not in that condition", p. 354. Sorrels testified that he remembered it was a 5 man line-up, p. 354. Sorrels testified that the Dallas P.D. line-up that Brennan observed, and which included LHO, was a fair line-up because the other men in the line-up were dressed similarly and there no big fat ones or tall ones in the line-up, p. 355. Sorrels testified that Brennan again said, "I'm sorry, I can't do it. I was afraid seeing the television might have messed me up. I just can't be positive." p. 355. [the line-up was unfair] and [further impermissible because Brennan saw LHO on TV that day before the line-up].
Brennan did no positively id. LHO as the rifleman in the 6th floor of the TSBD, but that LHO looked most like the the rifleman as compared to the other men the police used in the line-up. Sorrels testified that Brennan said, "I cannot positively say", regarding any of the men in the line-up, including LHO, being the rifleman Brennan saw in the 6th floor of the TSBD, 354. Brennan did say, according to Sorrels testimony, that the man second from the left, who is LHO, looks like him", p. 354.
Sorrels testified that S.S. agent Patterson that F.B.I. James Hosty had a file on LHO, p. 355, Sorrels further testified that it was general information after the Assassination that F.B.I. Hosty had been checking on LHO and that Hosty knew LHO was in the TSBD on 11-22-63, p. 356. Sorrels testified that this information came to him from several different times and he didn't remember who told him, p. 356.
Sorrels testified that he sat in on interrogations of LHO on Saturday the 23d and Sunday 24th and that LHO wanted to call a American Civil Liberties attorney named, Apt, p. 356. Sorrels testified that LHO denied owning a rifle or ever using the name Alek Hidell, p. 356. [Alek Hidell was allegedly the name on an id. card he allegedly had in his wallet when arrested in the Texas Theater].
Sorrels was cut off by W/C Counsel Stern when he testified that upon learning that "Jack Rubin" (not Ruby per Sorrels testimony) had shot LHO in the Dallas Police Station, he immediately went to the 5th floor of the D.P.D. to speak to Jack Ruby and that a police officer escorted him to the jail elevator So---, p. 358. [whatever did Sorrels learn by talking to Jack Ruby, Ruby was a person not allowed to talk to the outside world by the authorities once he shot LHO, except for the mafia guy and Earl Warren and his Commission and Dorothy Kilgallen, who died soon after]
It should be noted that President Kennedy's Motorcade was 5 minutes late traveling through Dealey Plaza. The Warren Commission's fictional rifleman in the southeast window of the 6th floor of the TSBD would not have been in the lunchrooms between noon and 12:25pm. where so many TSBD employees witnessed Oswald, or he would not have been in position to execute the "Murder of the Century" and would have missed his target. In other words, even a "Lone Crazed Assassin" would have been ready and prepared to murder Kennedy, not hanging around in the lunchroom.
The Warren Commission expects the American Citizenry and the World to ignore the only evidence which is that Oswald was not on the 6th floor of TSBD, but in the 1st floor and 2d floor lunchrooms only minutes before the Assassination. Or, the Warren Commission would have you believe that Oswald was hanging around the TSBD lunchrooms on the 1st and 2cd floors from noon until as late as 12:25, and then popped into the southeast 6th floor window of the TSBD in time to shoot Kennedy, and then popped back to the 2d floor lunchroom in time for D.P.D. Marion Baker to spot Oswald drinking a coke 90 seconds after Kennedy was shot.
How any unbiased juror could find that Lee Harvey Oswald was in two places at the same time that 11-22-63, when President Kennedy was shot is puzzling; the only evidence is that he was in the lunchrooms between noon and 90 seconds, after the gun shots in Dealey Plaza at 12:31, when the police spotted him drinking a coke. No wonder that no one identified Lee Harvey Oswald as the Lone Crazed Gunman in the alleged east 6th floor window of the TSBD.
The Warren Commission would have the American Citizenry believe that, although Oswald was seen between noon and 12:25pm by 3 fellow TSBD employees in lunchrooms of the 1st and 2cd floor of the TSBD, as well as, by Dallas motorcycle police officer, Marion Baker, 90 seconds after the Assassination shots were fired at 12:31pm., that Oswald ran up to the 6th floor from the 2d floor lunchroom after 12:25pm and fired the rifle 3 times killing Kennedy at 12:30pm., and then, hiding the rifle between some boxes at the other end of the 6th floor ran back down 4 stories of stairs to the 2cnd floor lunchroom to put a dime in the Coke Machine, for an ice cold "Coke a Cola" to quench his thirst, all in time to have Officer Baker and Roy Truly see him in the 2d floor lunchroom of the TSBD within 90 seconds of the Assassin's shots being fired in Dealey Plaza. And if that isn't enough the 3 women, Victoria Adams and company, who were on the same stair case of the TSBD at the same time that the Warren Commission claims Oswald ran down after shooting Kennedy, didn't see anybody running up/down or otherwise on the staircase.
And don't forget fellow TSBD employee, Bonnie Ray Williams, who testified he was on the 6th floor of the TSBD until 12:15 - 12:20pm. eating lunch and saw no Lee Harvey Oswald or anyone else, not even a "Lone Crazed Gunman". The 6th floor of the TSBD was one open floor space for warehousing.
Carolyn Walther watched the Kennedy motorcade from Elm St. on 11-22-63. She stated per 1960's televised interview, now on the Internet/"You Tube", she saw two men firing at Kennedy from the TSBD.
On 11-22-63, no one identified Oswald being in the 6th floor TSBD in the capacity of a rifleman or even looking out the window. A generalized identity of the gunman (white male, 30 years old, slender build, 5' 10", 165 pounds, armed with a 30 caliber rifle) who they claim was in the 6th floor of the TSBD was broadcast on Dallas Police radio at 12:45pm. given to them by an unidentified witness. Where did this "generalized identification" come from? According to the Assistant Chief of Police, Batchelor's, letter to the F.B.I. the "generalized identification" was provided to Dallas P.D. Inspector Sawyer by an "unknown individual". The F.B.I. claimed, in letter to W/C Councel, Attorney Rankin, this "generalized identification" of the Assassin in the TSBD was provided by an unknown citizen; the last paragraph makes claim that TSBD Supervisor, Roy Truly, determined within 15-20 minutes after the Assassination, as a result of the Dallas Police asking him to check for missing TSBD employees, that Oswald was missing. Of course, at 12:45pm. when this generalized description of the TSBD was broadcast over the Dallas P.D. radio there was no words uttered "Oswald" or even "Lee Harvey." The Dallas Police and Federal agents were not looking for Lee Harvey Oswald as the rifleman that fled from the TSBD and did not broadcast the name of Lee Harvey Oswald until he was brought under arrest to the Dallas Police Station which was after 2:00pm..
More identifications of a TSBD rifleman & Lee Harvey Oswald
Howard Brennan claimed to see the rifleman in the 6th floor window of the TSBD but declined to identify Oswald in the Dallas P.D. lineup. Witness Brennan would change his mind, months later, and identify Oswald as being in the southeast 6th floor window of the TSBD shooting Kennedy when he testified before the Warren Commission.
The only witness to identify Oswald as the TSBD 6th floor rifleman was Howard Brennan, months later. Brennan's F.B.I. report of 11-22-63 describes the rifleman in the 6th floor southeast window as a " white male, early '30's, appeared to be 5' 10" and 165lbs., no hat, light colored clothes, possibly khaki, could have been wearing a sweater or light weight jacket." Brennan's 11-22-63 Dallas County Sheriff's Affidavit describes the rifleman as "I did not notice anything unusual about this man. He was a white man in his early 30's, slender, nice looking, would weigh about 165 to 175 pounds. He had on light colored clothing, but definitely not a suit."
Oswald is excluded as Brennan's rifleman because Oswald did not appear "nice looking" or even 165 pounds when he was arrested on 11-22-63.
Cabby, William Whaley is credited by the Warren Commission as providing Oswald transportation to a location near Oswald's rooming house after the Assassination. Whaley testified that his fare, latter identified by him as Oswald, was dressed in blue kaki material work clothes and wore a jacket that matched pants, W/C Vol. II p. 255. Whaley's original description of his cab fare that he identified as Lee Harvey Oswald was different per 11-23-63 Affidavit that "this boy was small, five feet eight inches, slender, had on a dark shirt with white spots of something on it. He had a bracelet on his left wrist. He looked like he was 25 or 26 years old."
Earlene Robert's, the housekeeper at the Rooming house Oswald lived at on 11-22-63, saw Oswald enter that rooming house at a "little after one" and Lee Harvey Oswald was not wearing a jacket.
Who was the "boy" in the sport jacket, who the Dallas Police arrested in the TSBD, pg. 2, immediately after Kennedy was Assassinated? He is just another character like the infamous person described only as "the twenty year old man in the black jacket" who the Dallas police stopped in Dealey Plaza and released. Both of these remote individuals were jeered at by the citizen onlookers as the "Assassin" but neither are ever attached to a name. Dallas P.D. Officer Sweat doesn't tell us the name of the police officer who arrested this "boy in the sport jacket" in the TSBD. Was the arresting officer D.P.D. Denham, as below? Or, is these two different arrestees (the arrest per D.P.D. Sweat and the arrest by D.P.D. Denham) being taken from the TSBD?
X. The $12 Surplus 1940 Italian Mannlicher-Carcano Bolt action Rifle - I.D. by the D.P.D. as a Mauser
The Dallas Police led by Seymour Weitman, shortly after Kennedy had bullets through his head and Oswald exited the front door of the Texas School Book Depository, rushed into the TBSD and Dallas Deputy Sheriff Eugene Boone found a German Mauser Rifle between some boxes on the northwest end of the 6th floor. That's what was reported that early afternoon on all Dallas and national TV networks, and was reported by the Dallas Police. Witnesses, including the press, and Dallas Deputy Sheriff - Roger Craig, observed the trophy Mauser the Dallas the cops held high over their head, as well as, exhibiting 3 spent cartridges that were found beneath the 6th floor east window of the TSBD standing on end next to each other 1 inch apart, all perfectly spaced in a row. According to witnesses, including Deputy Sheriff Roger Craig, the rifle had the "Mauser 7.65" stamp on the rifle barrel. Deputy Sheriff Roger Craig stated during filmed interviews in the 1960's, now on the Internet, that he as part of the police search team in the TSBD and was standing in front of the rifle found on the 6th floor and had opportunity for close examination of it. Additionally, Dallas Police officer, Seymour Weitman, per sworn affidavit, stated that this rifle he found on the 6th floor was a "Mauser 7.65" bolt action rifle. But not before Dallas D.A. Henry Wade during a televised press conference disclosed that the Dallas Police found the Kennedy murder weapon on the 6th floor of the TSBD which he stated was a "Mauser 7.65".
Dallas P. D. - Capt. Fritz took charge of the rifle found by Deputy Boone and Dallas P.D. Mooney and Weitman on the 6th floor of the TSBD. Dallas P.D. - Capt. Will Fritz also was caught on TV on 11-22-63, today on the Internet, stating that the gun the police found on the 6th floor of the TSBD was a Mauser. Then something funny happened; the rifle became an Italian Mannlicher - Carcano rifle. Dallas P. D., Capt. Will Fritz, changed his identification of the Assassin's weapon to an Italian Mannlicher - Carcano rifle from the earlier Mauser.
However, Dallas Deputy Sheriff - Roger Craig knew what he saw on the 6th floor of the TSBD, it was stamped into the metal rifle barrel, "Mauser 7.65". Roger Craig refused to be cooperative with the Official Government version that a Mannlicher - Carcano rifle was found and Deputy Roger Craig was interviewed by JFK Assassination Researchers many times in the 1960's by many, including Mark Lane. Deputy Roger Craig reconfirmed many times that a "Mauser rifle" was found by Weitman and Mooney between the boxes on the northwest corner of the 6th floor of TSBD minutes after Kennedy was killed. A reporter with a movie camera managed to record Roger Craig and Weitman and other police searching the 6th floor of the TSBD immediately after the Assassination. The reporter recorded Craig walking on top of boxes climbing and hanging on plumbing pipes while searching the 6th floor of the TSBD.
You can see Roger Craig's interviews of the 1960's on the Internet where he states that a "Mauser 7.65" was found on the 6th floor of the TSBD and that he was standing in front of Weitman when Weitman held the "Mauser" up and Roger Craig states, per those interviews, that he read the stamp in the steel rifle barrel, "Mauser 7.65".
Dallas Police Officer, Elmer Boyd, was photographed by reporters carrying yet another rifle out of the TSBD (note no scope) on 11-22-63. That picture of Elmer Boyd carrying out another and different rifle from the TSBD corroborates headlines that Two Rifles Found at Depository. That's Capt. Fritz behind Elmer Boyd, but Fritz took out another rifle as per this photograph.
According to the Dallas Police Officer, Seymour Weitman, there was a bullet in the chamber of the rifle he found on the 6th floor of the TSBD, but it was not fully jacketed like the Warren Commission's alleged "Magic Bullet."
Roger Craig would not shut up about the evidence he witnessed that day of Assassination in Dealey Plaza which did not comply with the "Warren Commission's Lone Gunman Decree". Dallas Deputy Sheriff, Roger Craig, died for his Non-Compliance. You have to "play ball" to work for the government. Per interviews in the 1960's through early 1970's, Roger Craig was told by the Dallas Sheriff William Decker to shut up about anything to do with the Kennedy Assassination, "you didn't see anything or hear anything." Craig chose to reveal the evidence that he had witnessed that day of Assassination in Dealey Plaza and was fired from his job as a Dallas Deputy Sheriff, as a result. Four employees of the Dallas Deputy Sheriff's Office remained on a speaking basis with Roger Craig and talked to him about the Kennedy Assassination evidence, and they all died in short order. Craig met with a former friend at Carol Coffee Shop in Dallas, and, although one hour late, his friend showed and dropped to the ground when a car "drove by shooting", but missed Roger Craig. Craig, per interview stated, while digging up information for New Orleans D.A. Garrison in preparation for the 1969 criminal trial against Clay Shaw for the murder conspiracy of JFK, he parked his car and came back to his car and it blew up putting him in the hospital for 2 months. At a later date, he was run off the road and permanently crippled. Roger Craig died from a rifle shot in the chest which was ruled (wouldn't you have guessed it) suicide.
After arresting Oswald in the Texas Theater, the Dallas Police found that Oswald had an identification card in his wallet with the name Alex Hidel. Suddenly, on the afternoon of 11-22-63, the F.B.I. had documented proof that Alex Hidel purchased a Mannlicher - Carcano rifle, via mail order, from a sporting goods store in Chicago Illinois for $12.95. The Dallas Police never made issue out the fact that Alex Hidell was a different person from the person, Lee Harvey Oswald, they arrested in the Texas Theater and later in the day of 11-22-63 charged with the murder of President Kennedy. If they weren't different people they had different faces. (See Oswald arrested v. Alex Hiddel).
The Dallas Police, F.B.I. and Warren Commission decreed that Lee Harvey Oswald bought the Mannlicher - Carcano rifle via mail order using the alias of Alex Hidell. The Dallas Police even found a phony identification on Oswald when they arrested him on 11-22-63, but, if you examine the picture, Alex Hidell is the Russian version of Lee Harvey Oswald, not the Oswald who first shows up in the JFK Assassination mystery at about the summer of 1963 and was arrested on 11-22-63.
One of the few things known that the Dallas Police and F.B.I. got out of Lee Harvey Oswald during their numerous interrogations of him in the Dallas Police Station from 11-22-63 until his death on 11-24-63 is that Oswald stated he did not own a rifle. There was no ammunition or any other evidence of Oswald owning a rifle found in Paine's garage or at Mrs. Johnson's (that's Mrs. Johnson with the heavier housekeeper, Earlene Roberts) Rooming House at 1026 North Beckley St., Dallas, where Oswald lived at date of the Assassination.
There is evidence that Jack Ruby provided Lee Harvey with the handgun he had when he was arrested in the Texas Theater. A witness said they saw Ruby hand Oswald a handgun in Dealey Plaza as Oswald was leaving the TSBD after Kennedy was shot. There is also evidence that the handgun Lee Harvey possessed and pulled on the Dallas Police in the Texas Theater was defective and missed when Oswald pulled the trigger because the trigger was defective.
The U.S. media forgot about the Mauser they reported on 11-22-63 that the Dallas P. D. found on the 6th floor of the TSBD. Those 11-22-63 TV reports are on the Internet.
The last time an Italian Mannlicher - Carcano rifle was manufactured was 1941.
World's Best Marksmen could not Duplicate the "3 shots from 6th floor TSBD" of 11-22-63 (in 5.6 seconds)
There are some who claim they could make the mythical "3 shots from the 6th floor southeast window of the TSBD" in the Warren Commission's 5.6 second time limit. However, the duplications are always fictitious, like the Navy Seal on the History Channel, who didn't use the actual Mannlicher - Carcano rifle claimed to be Oswald's, nor did they use the same scope that the F. B. I. admitted was seriously defective. The U.S. Army testified at the Warren Commission that the scope on the rifle recovered by the Dallas Police on the 6th floor of the TSBD was so defective that it could not be used to aim. No, unlike the Mannlicher - Carcano rifle recovered from the 6th floor of the TSBD, History Channel's Navy Seal had the scope of his choice which not only worked but would have been more powerful than 4X power that was on the TSBD rifle. The Navy Seal had another inconsistency with the shots in Dealey Plaza he was allegedly duplicated. History Channel's Navy Seal was shooting at Stationary targets! The Warren Commission's "Lone Gunman" in the 6th floor southeast window of the TSBD was shooting at a moving target which was the Presidential Limousine?
The Warren Commission's "Lone Crazed Assassin" had no practice shots from the 6th floor of the TSBD. Who knows how many times the History Channel's Navy Seal practiced shooting at those same 3 targets in order to falsely boast that he, the Navy Seal, proved it could be done.
The Navy Seal on the History Channel fired 3 shots from his Mannlicher - Carcano rifle successfully hitting all 3 targets in a rifle range allegedly spaced at the same distances that Oswald allegedly made his shots. The Navy Seal made these 3 shots in 5.53 seconds. However, the Warren Commission claims that Oswald missed his second shot which they use to account for the wound to parade watcher, James Tague; that shot in Dealey Plaza missed Kennedy by a wide margin. Also, an Assassin would not be in a hurry; History Channel's Navy Seal was frantic to get off his 3 shots in the required 5.6 seconds decreed by the Warren Commission. An Assassin would take careful aim at his target and favor an accurate shot rather than trying to maximize the number of shots fired in a short time like 5.6 seconds.
The reason the "3 shots from southeast window of the 6th floor of the TSBD" is impossible to duplicate is because the 5.6 second time limit is based on lies of the Warren Commission. The 5.6 seconds to make Oswald's shots from the 6th floor of the TSBD is a product of the Warren Commission getting boxed into the timing of the two bullet shots the Warren Commission claims hit Kennedy's as measured on the Zapruder film. The Zapruder film was falsified and eliminated several seconds that passed when Kennedy's Limo stopped on Elm St. in front of the Grassy Knoll, just in time to get riddled with more bullets and President Kennedy's Assassins able to finish him off. When the C.I.A. pasted the Zapruder film back together again, it allowed only 5.6 seconds time to have ellapsed between the first shot and last shot that hit Kennedy. Each frame in that Zapruder film accounts for an exact time of 1/16 of a second.
Carlos Hathcock the most decorated Sniper in U.S. military history had 93 confirmed kills during the Viet Nam War. He went on to become the Senior Instructor at Sniper Instruction School at Quanico Marine Base in Virginia. Hathcock tried to duplicate the 3 shots the Warren Commission claimed Oswald fired from the TSBD's 6th floor southeast window on 11-22-63 at 12:31pm. in Dealey Plaza. According to Hathcock, he accounted for all the variables including heights, angle trajectories of the bullets, speed of the car, size of the targets, and time limitations of 5.6 seconds (time it took between the W/C's claimed first bullet hit on Kennedy and the last bullet to hit Kennedy, as per timing of the Zapruder film). Hathcock did not seem perplexed by the whole project because he was the U.S. Master of not just Marksmanship, but the Greatest living Sniper. Hathcock used the best U.S. bolt action rifles, not the 1940 Italian Mannlicher - Carcano rifle that the Warren Commission claimed Oswald used, and was on exhibit in the U.S. National Archives which was CE 139.
Hathcock said flatly, "the Shots they claim Oswald took in Dealey Plaza are IMPOSSIBLE!" And Hathcock did not account for the oak tree that had high branches that blocked the bullet path and sight between the TSBD 6th floor east window and Kennedy's Limo on Elm St. on that 11-23-63! Why would Hathcock lie - he worked for the Government, just like F.B.I. agent, Frazier, who said the rifle they claimed Oswald used to Kill Kennedy had a worthless scope, so the rifle could not be aimed. Hathcock would have had no problem duplicating the 3 shots, if not for the time limit of 5.6 seconds falsely created because the Warren Commission derived their 5.6 second timing of the "3 Oswald shots" from the Zapruder film. The Zapruder film was stolen by the C.I.A. a few hours after the Assassination and cut (edited/censored) to prevent, at a minimum, the World from knowing that Kennedy's Limousine stopped in front of the Grassy Knoll on Elm St. for several seconds. That's right, a film can be timed per each of its frames; the Warren Commission calculated the 5.6 seconds between the first and last shot that hit Kennedy by using the film frames of the Zapruder Film that remained after the C.I.A. cut out the evidence they wanted to conceal.
Even politically staunchly correct, CBS TV, had to admit defeat when they used 11 volunteer marksmen who failed to duplicate the shots the Warren Commission claims Oswald achieved in Dealey Plaza on 11-22-63. The CBS filmed rifle test by the 11 marksmen that, according to CBS TV duplicated the same conditions, including a Mannlicher-Carcano rifle, the Assassin would have had from the 6th floor of TSBD on 11-22-63, resulted in the 11different riflemen firing clips of 3 bullets, each, at a moving target. After 37, 3 round series, not only were none successful in duplicating Lee Harvey Oswald's, claimed by the Warren Commission 3 shots, but 17 bullets didn't fire due to "trouble with the rifle". In all fairness, it was difficult to get bullets for a Mannlicher - Carcano rifle and maybe the ammo was old or wet. Once again, CBS didn't use the same rifle Oswald allegedly used and their 11 marksmen were not using the same defective 4X scope.
On ABC TV, an 88 year old Dr. John Lattimer, of Columbia Medical School, deceives all those Americans, who know nothing about rifles/guns, which is most. This old man Doctor claimed the movie JFK lied and misled the American public that there was no way anybody could have made those 3 shots with that surplus 1940 Mannlicher-Carcano rifle in the short time of 5.6 seconds. Regardless that the movie JFK was not the only source saying the alleged "Lone Gunman" shots could not have been made, the 88 year old doctor demonstrated the ease of the "Lone Gunman's" feat by handily moving the bolt action loading mechanism of a similar unloaded rifle and each time he falsified aiming by putting his nose up against the rifle . That's it, just a mimic and mockery and he claimed on TV that Kennedy would have been dead that easy. Talk about simplistic lies, the dumb doctor didn't even have bullets in his sample rifle and of course he hit nothing. Sure anyone can crank the rifle bolt action twice, after holding the rifle up to his head and looking through the scope and repeating the pretend aiming exercise, but it proves nothing. In fact, it may be some evidence that they know better than to actually try and hit a 15 m.p.h. moving target at 88 yards with a 1940 Italian Mannlicher rifle with a scope that is so defective it makes you miss. That movie JFK caused such an uproar that the news media had to do something, no matter how they had to lie, in order to help their friends in Government. After all, the TV Networks concealed and dumped their films of President Kennedy being Assassinated on Elm St..
How would Dr. John Lattimer have done if he had bullets and actually had to fire the rifle? This in addition to moving the bolt action and sticking his nose to the rifle. Well, the first thing that would have happened is that the old fraudulent medical doctor would have been petrified with fear when he saw real bullets. The noise from the rifle being shot, if he hypothetically dared to pull the trigger with real bullets, would have put Lattimer's tail between his legs. Oh, the doctors are promoted as knowing everything in the U.S.A.; the doctors should start learning to cure the numerous chronic illness that they "treat" with harmful drugs that will help kill their beloved patient.
Another issue they miss when arguing the merits of the shots the Warren Commission Proclaimed that Lee Harvery Oswald fired from the 6th floor window of the TSBD, is practice. All the imposters that have made claim they could make the shots with a Mannlicher- Carcano rifle had the opportunity to keep trying to perfect their replicated volley of 3 shots in Dealey Plaza on 11-22-63, and with a scope of their choice. None of these imposters were actually firing from the TSBD 6th floor east window, but in a rifle range. If the rifleman didn't make the 3 shots on the first try, then he took as many tries as he wanted until he either gave up or claimed to duplicate the Dealey Plaza "Lone Crazed Gunman" shots. When you shoot the President of the U.S. from the 6th floor of the TSBD in Dealey Plaza, all bets are on the first attempt, there are no second chances or practice rounds. For a "Lone Crazed Gunman" the Warren Commission's rifleman in the southeast 6th floor of the TSBD was pretty cool under pressure.
No Mannlicher-Carcano rifle possessed by Lee Harvey - Marina lies for the Warren Commission
The same Italian Mannlicher Rifle that was claimed to be the JFK Assassination weapon was supposedly stored at Ruth Paine's house in her garage, according to the Warren Commission. Marina Oswald testified before the Commission that she had told the Dallas Police on the afternoon of 11-22-63 when they arrived at Ruth Paine's house that Lee Harvey stored a rifle in Mrs. Paine's garage and she testified she lead the Dallas Police to the location where she said Lee Harvey Oswald stored a rifle wrapped in blanket. But on 11-27-63 that is not what Marina Oswald told the F.B.I. immediately after the JFK Assassination! Marina told the F.B.I. that Lee Harvey Oswald did not have a gun. See the first part of that F.B.I. Investigation-Report.
When the police went to Marina's residence at Ruth Paine's house in Irving, Texas on 11-22-63, and searched Mrs. Paine's house, they did not find the Mannlicher-Carcano rifle that Marina Oswald later testified to the Warren Commission had been wrapped in a blanket that was laying on some boxes in Ruth Paine's garage.
See Dallas Deputy Sheriff Buddy Walthers' Affidavit dated 11-22-63 surrounding the police search of Mrs. Paine's house/garage on 11-22-63; according to Walthers Marina didn't speak any English. According to that same Deputy Walthers Affidavit, Mrs. Pain did all the talking and Marina Oswald did not talk to cops. So how could Marina tell the cops, who searched Mrs. Paine's house on the afternoon of 11-22-63 that LHO had a rifle? Marina didn't say anything to the cops only Mrs. Paine. That was the only contact Marina had with the cops until the next day, 11-23-63, when she visited LHO in the D.P.D. jail. The answer is she lied at the Warren Commission about knowing LHO had a rifle.
Marina Oswald changed her testimony about Lee Harvey Oswald having a gun when she was threatened with deportation out of the U.S.A. and back to the Soviet Union. See the second part of that F.B.I. Report.
But why did they need Marina to lie about LHO owning a rifle and storing it in Paine's garage? Because the cops found a rifle on the 6th floor of the TSBD and they had to link LHO to it. Marina was telling the F.B.I. the truth when she was first interviewed by them on November 27, 1963 that Lee Harvey Oswald did not have a gun.
Mrs. Paine was Marina Oswald's landlady and got Lee Harvey his job at the TSBD in October of 1963 before anybody knew that the President of the U.S.A. would pass on Elm St.. During a mock trial in the 1970's, Attorney Gerry Spence accused Ruth Paine of being a C. I. A. operative, she laughed and denied it. C. I .A. operative, George de Mohrenthschildt, see above, introduced the Oswalds to Ruth Paine. Ruth hated Lee Harvey Oswald and continually spoke against him to the press and authorities; she claimed he was violent, crazy, the killer. No one else that knew Oswald had such an opinion.
The Dallas Police didn't find Oswald's rifle or anything else at Mrs. Paine's that proved Lee Harvey Oswald shot Kennedy, but they did "find 6 or 7 metal filing cabinets full of letters, maps, records, and index cards with the names of Pro-Castro sympathizers. Dallas Deputy Sheriff Buffy Walthers testified that he and the other Dallas Police confiscated the file cabinets and put them in the trunk of their car (see pg. 2 of Walther's Aff.). see Walthers W/C testimony p. 548, and also, Dallas Deputy Sheriff Walthers Affidavit of 11-22-63. This same evidence was produced by Deputy Sheriff Buddy Walthers during interview with JFK Researcher Eric Tagg and is cited in a book by Larry Hancock, "Someone Would Have Talked", March 2008, p. 552.
When the Dallas Police arrived at Mrs. Paine's house in Irving, Texas immediately after JFK was shot in the afternoon of 11-22-63 they were welcomed by Mrs. Paine, who upon cops arrival at her house without a search warrant exclaimed, "come on in, we've been expecting you." This quote was repeated twice by Dallas Deputy Sheriff Buddy Walthers during his W/C testimony p. 548. The W/C counselor, Liebeler, was not happy to hear that Mrs. Paine knew the Dallas Police would show up and questioned Walthers about Paines' greeting to the Police, "come on in, we've been expecting you." Walthers was sure and further testified to remove any doubt about Mrs. Paines' "welcome" causing Walthers to re-confirm by testifingy, "I know that's what she said." See W/C tesimony of Walthers p.548.
See also 11-22-63 Affidavit of Deputy Sheriff Buddy Walthers were he confirms in writing the same greeting to the Dallas Police by Mrs. Paine, "We've been expecting it, come on in." However, that Affidavit is even more damaging to the Government's "Lone Gunman" Case because it indicates that Mrs. Paine knew the reason why the cops were at her door because she said, "It's about the President being shot, we've been expecting it. Come on in."
Why would Mrs. Paine, immediately after Kennedy was shot, know that the cops would show at her house because Kennedy was Assassinated? Lee Harvey Oswald had just been arrested in the Texas Theater for killing Officer J. D. Tippit and would have been taken to the Dallas Police Station at about the same time Deputy Walthers and company arrived at Mrs. Paine's house in Irving Texas, a suburb of Dallas.
Then per that same Walthers' Affidavit, Michael Paine shows up at his wife's house, whom he was separated from, without any explanation. Mr. Paine worked at Bell Helicopter, and according to Walthers, Michael Paine did not seem at all surprised and stated that he had just taken off (from work) and come home, when he heard the President had been shot. Mr. Paine lived in another town of Grand Prairie.
This evidence shows, at a minimum, that the Paines knew JFK was going to be Assassinated and Oswald "involved". The evidence also shows that the Paines worked as U.S. Government Agents (at a minimum domestic surveillance agents) probably the C.I.A..
Ruth Paine was a Russian language teacher. Just what American intelligence likes, people who know the enemy's language. Marina started living with Mrs. Paine in May of 1963 when Lee Harvey Oswald supposedly went to New Orleans looking for work. Actually, the Lee Harvey Oswald, who Marina traveled to the U.S. from the Soviet Union with in June of 1962, disappeared around March of 1963. That version of Lee Harvey Oswald, who traveled to the U.S. from the Soviet Union in June of 1962, was also a Russian like Marina. Marina and her Russian husband and Soviet Spy (Russian version of Lee Harvey Oswald) didn't trick the U.S. Intelligence/Spy Network (C.I.A.) anymore than the U.S. Marine, (the real and original) Lee Harvey Oswald, fooled the Soviets when he "faked a defection" in October of 1959.
Some theorize that the gun Marina Oswald claimed husband Lee stored in Paine's garage while Marina boarded at Paine's house was stolen by C. I. A. operatives and planted in the TSBD 6th floor. Oswald claimed during interrogation by the Dallas Police on 11-22/23-63 that he did not own the rifle and many JFK Assassination researchers have provided plentiful evidence that the Government falsified the purchase documentation that completely failed an audit trail to Oswald, (see below for the evidence the Government falsified Oswald's purchase of the Mannlicher - Carcano rifle).
The truth is the evidence produced by Lee Harvey Oswald and Marina before Marina was threatened with extradition; Lee Harvey Oswald did not have any rifle.
The only witness to produce any evidence that Lee Harvey Oswald owned a "rifle wrapped in a blanket and stored in Mrs. Paines' garage" was Marina Oswald during her Warren Commission testimony in 1964. That testimony was perjury because it contradicted her statement to the F.B.I. that Lee Harvey Oswald did not own a gun. Marina was the one who produced the evidence of the backyard photos and Oswald's alleged Attempted Murder of General Walker in April of 1963. Marina could not identify the rifle found by the Dallas Police on the 6th floor of the TSBD as being owned by Oswald, even after she changed her testimony to Oswald owning a rifle. Marina claimed to have taken the Backyard Photos and was the only witness to claim Oswald shot at General Walker. The alleged Walker evidence provided by a wife in private conversations with her husband would not be admissible evidence had there been a trial against husband Lee Harvey. Those backyard photos were more Smoke Screens used to confuse the citizenry. If Oswald stayed alive and had a defense attorney, who worked for Oswald instead of Government interests, the Backyard Photos could be exposed as fraudulent evidence manufactured by the Government. (See more on the backyard photos below in section "More Non-Evidence Against LHO - "Backyard Photos" & LHO is going to fall over"). Does the Lee Harvey Oswald in those Backyard Photos look like the same man who was arrested by the Dallas Police on 11-23-63 for the murder of John Kennedy?
The Mannlicher-Carcano rifle would be irrelevant, as above, because the police and F.B.I. failed to tie that rifle to Kennedy's murder. See next section below, "XI. THE GOVERNMENT PRODUCED PHYSICAL EVIDENCE - KEPT SECRET".
Warren Commission's "Magic Bullet"
It is referred to as the "Magic Bullet" because the Warren Commission claims that bullet slug caused 7 wounds, two in Kennedy, and then exiting Kennedy to cause 5 wounds in Governor Connally, while taking at least one 90 degree turn. The "Magic Bullet" is in pristine condition and looks like it was fired into water because, except for rifling marks and a tiny amount of lead missing from its base, it was in new condition. The tiny amount of lead missing from the base of the "Magic Bullet" is caused when a bullet is fired. The citizen can get a more informed view of the path of the "Magic Bullet" from a top view. Making the path of the "Magic Bullet" and all its wounds to Kennedy and Connally all the more impossible is that it was fired, according to the Warren Commission, from the southeast window of the sixth floor of the TSBD.
Here is evidence, CE 856, presented by the F.B.I. to the W/C; it shows what a 6.5mm. caliber bullet (same as the "Magic Bullet") looks like after hitting one human bone. As per CE 856, a lead bullet is damaged by hitting just one human bone, but the "Magic Bullet" sustained no damage while penetrating two adult males and hitting at least two bones in Governor Connally.
Some Lone Crazed Gunman Advocates scream up and down that the portrayal of the path of the "Magic Bullet" has been incorrectly interpreted by "JFK Researchers". They state that Kennedy and Governor Connally were not seated exactly lined up in the Presidential Limo, but that Connally's seat was a little to the left of Kennedy's position. Here it is, President Kennedy and Governor Connally taken by a camera on their right side which shows Governor Connally seated in front an to the left of Kennedy, not directly lined-up in front of Kennedy. The Pro-Government Lone Gunman Advocates claim the bullet from the TSBD would have traveled in line through Kennedy's throat and into Governor Connally making all those wounds because Connally was positioned in front and to the left of Kennedy.
You be the judge. Here is a photograph taken shortly after 11-22-63 (Hertz/Chevrolet sign still on TSBD) and it gives an idea as to the bullet path from the southeast window 6th floor of the TSBD. Note that the white sign in the foreground is not the Stemmons Highway Sign, the Stemmons Highway sign is black and shows up in the background and is, due to the distance and camera zoom, much smaller in the photo. The Stemmons Highway Sign is where Kennedy was first hit on Elm St. in throat. Would a bullet from the 6th floor southeast window of the TSBD have traveled "magically" as they claim the "Magic Bullet" did through Kennedy and Connally? There are at least two angles of the bullet trajectory to consider; the angle caused by the 61 foot height above street level of the 6th floor of the TSBD and the angle caused by the line of aim from the southeast 6th floor TSBD window and Kennedy as he sat in the Presidential Limousine traveling down Elm St.
The Government claims the "Magic Bullet" hit Kennedy in the neck and traveled out his throat and then hit Governor Connally causing Connally 5 bullet wounds.
Even if you believe that the "Magic Bullet" could have made all those wounds and remained pristine, and if you believe that President Kennedy and Governor Connally were lined up "just right", so the "Magic Bullet" could have made all those wounds, the biggest impossibility for the "Magic Bullet" is that Kennedy was never hit by a bullet in the back of his neck. Kennedy was hit in the back at a point 5 inches below his neck. If that bullet came from the 6th floor of the TSBD which is 61 feet above street level, then that back bullet would have been traveling downward into Kennedy's back at 60 - 45 degrees and could not have exited Kennedy's throat. President Kennedy was hit in the throat by a bullet fired from the front of his Limousine, either from behind the fence on the Grassy Knoll, or one of the many other locations a rifleman could have positioned himself in front of the Presidential Limo as it traveled down Elm St.
The Official JFK Autopsy photo recorded Kennedy's back wound, but Dr. Humes, who conducted JFK's Autopsy also documented, per his Official JFK Autopsy Report, that Kennedy was hit in the back and documents nothing per his Autopsy Report about a bullet in Kennedy's neck. Even the two F.B.I. agents corroborated that Kennedy was hit by a bullet in the back and there was no bullet wound in Kennedy's neck. Dr. Humes was good enough, to the Warren Commission's dismay, to further document, via a body chart, exactly where Kennedy was hit in the back.
The "Magic Bullet" was fabricated by Attorney Arlen Specter for two reasons.
The first reason the Warren Commission's Counselor, Attorney Arlen Specter, had to fabricate the "Magic Bullet" is the "Tague Bullet". Dallas parade watcher, James Tague, was hit by a bullet, or curb fragment caused by a bullet that hit a curb stone on Main St., instead of President Kennedy, while Tague was watching, from Main and Commerce Sts., the Presidential Motorcade travel down Elm St.. The Warren Commission had to account for all bullets fired by their Lone Crazed Gunman from the 6th floor window of the TSBD in 5.6 seconds. The 5.6 seconds was calculated by the Warren Commission using the Zapruder film and the number of frames it took for Kennedy's Limo to travel from the first Kennedy bullet hit at the Stemmons Highway sign to the point where Kennedy was blasted by the final bullet in the head. Each frame in the Zapruder film records 1/16 of second of time. The Warren Commission concluded that the fastest the 3 shots from the TSBD could be fired was in 5.6 seconds with the bolt action breech fed Mannlicher - Carcanno rifle.
The "Tague Bullet" had to be accounted for because too many witnesses, including the Press and a bleeding victim, Tague, knew about it. Killing Tague would not have solved the problem created by his bleeding face in Dealey Plaza; the cover-up Conspirators had to be creative and think up an alternative.
Because of the "Tague Bullet", the Warren Commission had to account for all the wounds in President Kennedy and Governor Connally with the two bullets that they were restricted to, due to their "Lone Crazed Gunman Decree", of 3 shots from the TSBD. That's right, one of the 3 bullets had to go to Tague's wound leaving 2 bullets to account for all the damage to President Kennedy's head and the "Magic Bullet" damage to both Kennedy and Governor Connally.
What really made the Government/Warren Commission look bad is that until April of 1964 they missed the irrefutable 'Tague Bullet" hit in Dealey Plaza, while the rest of the World knew that Tague was hit by at least one bullet by the Assassins. The F.B.I. published a 400 page report on the Kennedy Assassination dated 12-9-63, and the F.B.I. documented on page 1 of that report that Kennedy was hit by 2 bullets and the third bullet from the southeast window of the 6th floor of the TSBD hit Governor Connally. That Official Government/F.B.I. investigation, via the 400 page report, missed Tague's bullet wound, altogether. But that would not stop Warren Commission Counsel, Attorney Arlen Specter from falsifying that Kennedy was hit in the back of the neck; Specter, simply, while no one was paying attention, moved the back wound up to Kennedy's neck and claimed the bullet traveled through Kennedy's neck and out his throat and then caused a 5 wounds to Governor Connally. The third bullet, acknowledged by the Warren Commission, hit Kennedy in the right front temple as shown by the Zapruder film. The Warren Commission claims that the 3d shot hit Kennedy in the back of the head.
Dr. Humes fabrication not good enough - Specter moves bullet wound in back to JFK's neck for his "Magic Bullet"
The Government got caught lying before the "Magic Bullet" falsification started due to a "Lack of Communication" amongst the Co-Conspirators. Dr. James Humes, the Government pathologist, who did the Official Jfk Autopsy at the Bethesda Morgue, thought the hole in Kennedy's throat was only a tracheotomy. Dr. Humes found out, too late, that the tracheotomy was performed over a bullet wound to Kennedy's throat. Dr. James Humes documented per his Autopsy Report and per this Official JfK Autopsy Photo the bullet hole in Kennedy's back which totally defeats the Warren Commission's Lone Gunman's "Magic Bullet".
Per numerous documentaries on the Internet including, Jim Fetzer "What happened to JFK and Why it Matters", President Kennedy's shirt and jacket indicate a bullet entrance 5" below his neck line on his back. Kennedy's shirt and jacket that he wore on 11-22-63 are in the National Archives. This would make it impossible for the "Magic Bullet" to continue up and out Kennedy's throat and then wound Connally 5 times, especially where the Warren Commission claimed the Assassin fired from 61 feet above street level in the 6th floor of the TSBD. A bullet fired from the 6th floor of TSBD would be traveling at a trajectory of 45-60 according to the F.B.I., but you don't need a physician or the F.B.I. to tell you that a bullet shot from the southeast 6th floor window of the TSBD which is 61 feet above street level would have hit Kennedy at a downward steep angle. Kennedy was 178 feet away from the TSBD when he was first hit from the front in the throat (not the back of the neck as the W/C fabricates); that first bullet hit entering the throat came from a rifleman on the Grassy Knoll which was in front of Kennedy. Governor Connally, who was seated in front of Kennedy in the Presidential Limo, was seated lower than Kennedy.
Even Commander/Dr. Humes of the U.S. Navy at Bethesda Hospital and Kennedy's Official Government Pathologist, who did the Autopsy on the President said, "I cannot conceive of where they (7 wounds in Kennedy and Connally) came from this missile," per Mark Lane's movie "Rush to Judgment."
It was this "Lack of Communication" between the Co-Conspirators that caused Dr. Humes not to be informed of the bullet wound in President Kennedy's throat and caused a second reason for Arlene Specter to fabricate the "Magic Bullet". All the medical evidence produced during the JFK Autopsy disclosed no wound to Kennedy's throat. It wasn't until after the JFK Autopsy was finished and Kennedy's body removed from the Bethesda Morgue to the White House that Dr. Humes was alerted by a Parkland Hospital physician that the tracheotomy was performed over a bullet wound to Kennedy's throat. Dr. Humes had not accounted for that throat wound, so he destroyed his Autopsy notes and original Autopsy Report and wrote a new one. Dr. Humes in desperation, in order to account for all the wounds to Kennedy with 2 bullets, claimed in his new Autopsy report that the bullet in Kennedy's back traveled out Kennedy's throat. This course for a bullet defies logic and any and all belief. This left one bullet for the bullet damage to Kennedy's head.
Dr. Humes reserved one of the three pre-planned bullets for Governor Connally. Dr. Humes had no idea James Tague was hit in Dealey Plaza, so he could use two bullets for Kennedy's wounds without need for one of those bullets being "magical."
Ironically, one of the Parkland Doctors, Livingston, called Dr. Humes on 11-22-63 to try and inform him that there was a bullet hole under the tracheotomy in Kennedy's throat. According to Dr. Livingston, Dr. Humes responded that the F.B.I. would not let him speak to any Parkland Doctors and he hung up.
Dr. Humes original fabrication (bullet in Kennedy's back traveled up his back and out his throat) was not at all believable, so Arlen Specter, the W/C counsel, had need to fabricate. The Warren Commission would in 1964 "move" the bullet in Kennedy's back up to his neck and claim that that bullet exited Kennedy's throat and then made 5 bullet wounds to Governor Connally.
The Warren Commission claimed that a second bullet hit Kennedy at the top of the back of his head and exited the top of his skull. Of course, all the witnesses in Dealey Plaza, including Dallas Police, in agreement with the Zapruder film, saw Kennedy get hit in the front right temple. As well, the Parkland Doctors claimed an entrance wound in Kennedy's throat and another bullet wound that exited the back of Kennedy's head.
After Arlen Specter took liberty in the Spring of 1964 to fabricate the "Magic Bullet", he was able to account for all the Government's claimed wounds in Dealey Plaza with the pre-planned 3 bullets. One bullet went to James Tague, another bullet accounted for the bullet wounds to Kennedy's head, and another bullet was "magical" and accounted for all the rest of Kennedy's and Connnally's wounds, even though Kennnedy was never hit in the neck. The W/C and Arlen Specter pretended the bullet wound in Kennedy's back never existed.
According to Warren Commission and their " Magic Bullet Theory", the bullet only pierced Connally 1cm deep in the left thigh which was, its final wound. The 1 cm wound in the thigh was not deep enough for a bullet wound particularly the 1 inch long slug fired by the Warren Commission's Mannlicher Italian Rifle. Some argue that Connally's leg wound was not caused by a bullet.
See more on the W/C "Magic Bullet" and Attorney Arlen Specter's Fabrication of JFK's Medical Evidence in "THE GOVERNMENT BUMBLES COVER - UP, Again," section below.
Where did that "Magic Bullet" come from?
Where did the Magic Bullet come from? According to the Warren Commission Report, a Parkland Hospital hospital employee, Darryl Tomilson, found it after it fell off a hospital stretcher on to the floor.
Parkland Hospital Maintenance Supervisor, Darryl Tomilson, stated, per televised interview on "You Tube", "that nobody knew who was on the stretcher that the "Magic Bullet" was on." Tomilson testified to the Warren Commission that there was rubber gloves, a stethoscope, and "other Doctor's paraphernalia" on the same hospital stretcher that the "Magic Bullet" fell off.
The Warren Commission claims that Tomilson gave the "Magic Bullet" to the Parkland Hospital Director of Security, O. P. Wright. Wright was a retired Dallas Police Dept. Deputy Chief. Tomilson never mentions O.P. Wright in his Warren Commission testimony.
The chain of custody was completed at Parkland Hospital when the "Magic Bullet" was given to S.S. agent, Richard Johnsen. Johnsen forwarded the "Magic Bullet" to Chief of U.S. Secret Service, James Rowley, who in turn put the "Magic Bullet" in custody of S.S. Elmer Todd and from Todd the "Magic Bullet" was, according to the Government, produced to the F.B.I. lab in custody of F.B.I. agent, Robert Frazier.
Like all Kennedy Assassination evidence the "chain of custody" of the "Magic Bullet" is chock full of conflict and disagreement. Each of the civilians and S.S. Agents, who had possession of the "Magic Bullet" put their initials on it. But an examination of the "Magic Bullet" reveals no initials by the first four people in that "Chain of Custody". Some argue, and for good reason, that the Warren Commission's CE 399 (Commission Exhibit 399) was not the original bullet found by Parkland Hospital employee, Darryl Tomilson. There is argument that the original bullet Tomilson found may have been a bullet taken out of Connally's body or Kennedy's back; such bullet slugs would have revealed, via ballistics testing, a different murder weapon than the Mannlicher-Carcano rifle the Warren Commission claims was used to shoot Kennedy.
The Magic Bullet is referred to by the F.B.I. as C1 and is officially Warren Commission CE 399.
As Goofy as this Warren Commission's "Magic Bullet" is, it got even goofier when the alleged Parkland Hospital workers, who found the "Magic Bullet" on a Hospital Stretcher on 11-22-63, could not, a few months later, identify the bullet the Warren Commission called Exhibit 399, as the same bullet they recovered on 11-22-63. Neither could S.S. Agent, Richard Johnsen identify CE 399 as the bullet given to him by the Parkland Hospital Employees a few minutes after Jackie Kennedy left the Parkland E.R.. a little after 1:00pm. on 11-22-63. And to top of it off the fourth person to have possession of the "Magic Bullet" ,S.S. Chief, James Rowley, could not later identify the "Magic Bullet" when presented the alleged bullet taken off the Parkland Hospital bed and now called CE 399 ("Magic Bullet") as the bullet forwarded to him by S.S. Agent Richard Johnsen.
According to the Dallas Police Officer, Seymour Weitman, there was a bullet in the chamber of the rifle he found on the 6th floor of the TSBD, but it was not fully jacketed (see CE 141) like the Warren Commission's alleged "Magic Bullet."
More Government Tricks - Look to Authority for lies about JFK's Murder
There was never any forensic testing done on the "Magic Bullet" to determine if there were any tissue or blood evidence on it.
There was NO BLOOD and TISSUE tests done on any of the bullet fragments recovered by the F. B. I. from Kennedy's Limo in order to determine, if they in fact hit either Kennedy or Governor Connally!
The "Magic Bullet" was never tested by the Dallas Police or F. B. I. or any authorities for blood and tissue matches with either Kennedy or Connally. There were also other bullet fragments recovered from the floor of the Presidential Limo' s floor and windshield, none were tested for blood or tissue matches.
More lead was removed from Governor Connally's wrist (2.4 grains) than was missing from the "Magic Bullet." The Warren Commission's "Magic Bullet" was in almost pristine (not fired from a rifle) condition.
The x-ray of a fragment of the "Magic Bullet" still in Governor Connally's thigh was greater in size than the metal missing from the "Magic Bullet".
The Government, via the Warren Commission, presented evidence that proves that the "Magic Bullet" is fraud because it would have been impossible for a 6.5 Mannlicher - Carcano rifle bullet to have penetrated both Kennedy and Connally and remain in pristine condition after causing all those wounds. The Warren Commission produced CE 856 which is what the same caliber bullet looked like after hitting a human bone. The result of hitting a bone was anything but pristine, the 6.5 caliber bullet was flattened at the end as a result of hitting the human cadaver bone.
See next section, "The Government Produced Physical Evidence - Kept Secret", for more on forensic evidence surrounding the JFK Assassination.
XI. THE GOVERNMENT PRODUCED PHYSICAL EVIDENCE - KEPT SECRET
The Warren Commission's Lone Gunman Decree Defies Science - Just more Evidence of Conspiracy, Government Lies, and Cover-Up!
THE MURDER RIFLE SCOPE BROKEN - MURDER RIFLE HAD NO AIM
1963 F. B. I. BALLISTICS TEST FAILS TO TIE THE WARREN COMMISSION'S MURDER RIFLE TO JFK'S MURDER
F. B. I. SPECTROGRAPY TEST FAILED & CONCEALED!
NO BLOOD TISSUE TESTS ON "BULLET FRAGMENTS" or "MAGIC BULLET"
The Big Question is, did bullets fired from the Mannlicher - Carcano Rifle found by the Dallas Police on the 6th floor of the TSBD kill or even hit the President?
Oh, the Warren Commission and their investigative Branch, the F. B. I., did a ballistics test on the "Magic Bullet." The same "Magic Bullet" that was turned over to them by a Parkland Hospital employee after being found on a Dealey Hospital stretcher. The F. B. I. found there was a ballistics match between that Mannlicher - Carcano rifle and the "Magic Bullet; therefore, it was fired from that rifle.
As above, there was no "chain of custody" for the "Magic Bullet" that the Parkland Hospital employee, Darryl Tomilson, found on a stretcher in Parkland Hospital and was given to Secret Service Agent, Johnsen, and eventually was ballistic tested in the F. B. I.'s lab. Yes, in order to enter physical evidence, like bullets, into evidence in a criminal case, it is required that it be proved where the bullet evidence originated from and who had possession of that evidence and where it had been at all times up until it is used as evidence in a court of law. In other words, to be court evidence the law requires that it be proved where it came from and who had it. If the chain of custody is broken because the possession of the evidence cannot be accounted for before trial, then that piece of physical evidence can't be used at trial and goes away.
The F.B.I. also claimed that their ballistic testing matched the bullet slug fragments found on the floor of the Presidential Limo to the Mannlicher - Carcano Rifle they claimed Oswald fired from the 6th floor TSBD window.
So What! Doesn't prove anything for the case against Lee Harvey Oswald, nor does it prove any projectile/bullet from that same 6th floor Mannlicher - Carcano rifle ever hit Kennedy! There is no proof that the "Magic Bullet" or the bullet fragments that the F. B. I. claimed to have recovered from the Presidential Limo ever hit President Kennedy, let alone killed him. Read below.
HSCA's Firearms Panel Ballistic Test on JFK Murder Rifle Fails to Produce Evidence Against Oswald
What's worse for the "Lone Nut" Advocates? The HSCA Firearms Panel could not match the F. B. I.'s 1963 Ballistic Test Bullets to the Mannlicher - Carcano rifle the Warren Commission claimed Oswald used to kill Kennedy. That's right, in 1978, the "HSCA Firearms Panel" requisitioned from the National Archives the Mannlicher - Carcano rifle taken from the 6th floor of the TSBD on 11-22-63 by the Dallas Police and test fired that rifle and could not match those test bullets with the F. B. I.'s ballistic test bullets of 1963. Don't believe it? See HSCA hearings Vol. I p. 463- 464.
In 1964 the Warren Commission found that due to the same F. B. I. ballistic tests allegedly matching the Mannlicher - Carcano Rifle found on 6th floor of the TSBD to W/C exhibit CE399 (the "Magic Bullet" ) and the bullet fragments recovered from the Presidential Limo that Oswald was the Lone Crazed Gunman.
Of course the Government was not going to leave it at that. That due to the 1979 ballistic test of the HSCA Firearms Panel failing to match their test fired bullets to the F. B. I.'s 1963 ballistic test fired bullets, then the Mannlicher - Carcano rifle that the Warren Commission claimed was Oswald's was not the murder weapon.
No, HSCA Firearms Panel member, Bates, then attempted to tie some knots. Bates may have fooled some, but not all. Bates' knots, (excuses for the ballistic tests to be negative) are easy to untie.
John S. Bates tried to excuse the Mannlicher - Carcano rifle that the Warren Commission claimed Oswald used to kill Kennedy. Bates claimed the ballistics of the Mannlicher - Carcano rifle were different at 1978 than 1963 because of its age and use (about 38 years old at 1978). This is sheer frustration and desperation on the part of the Government! The Mannlicher - Carcano Rifle that the Dallas Police allegedly found on the 6th floor of the TSBD on 11-22-63 and the Warren Commission claimed was Oswald's that killed Kennedy was in the U.S. National Archives, since the F. B. I. tested fired it in 1963. In fact, according to HSCA Vol. I testimony (p. 462-465), a representative of the U.S. National Archives was present and kept an eye/custody of this "national treasure" (rifle and "Magic Bullet and bullet fragment slugs recovered by the F. B. I. from the Presidential Limo) during the entire Ballistics Test firing by "HSCA Firearms Panel" in 1978. If that rifle wasn't old at 1963, it sure as hell wasn't any older in the late '70's after being under lock and key in the museum which is the National Archives.
There are muskets owned by gun collectors that still fire and are not worn out. The are many World War II rifles still being used by riflemen at 2014. A 40 year old piece of machined steel (rifle barrel) is still young when during its 40 years it was in surplus (the Mannlicher - Carcano was never used until 1963 if it was surplus) and then locked in a display case in the National Archives.
Bates also testified that another reason for the ballistics not matching was the amount of "test firing of the rifle". More nonsense. The only time that rifle was test fired was for the Warren Commission in 1963 and by the HSCA in 1978. What this clown Bates of the HSCA doesn't say is how many rounds were fired, via ballistics test firing, from the Mannlicher - Carcano rifle that was taken by the Dallas Police from the 6th floor of the TSBD. The answer is, per HSCA Vol. 1 p. 454, only 4 rounds or 4 bullets were fired by the HSCA Firearms Panel to do a ballistics test. It takes thousands of rounds fired before the rifling marks inside the barrel of a rifle even begin to wear out.
The reason the "Ballistics Test Panel" of the Mannlicher - Carcano by the HSCA failed to match the "Ballistic Test Panel" Evidence produced by the F. B. I. in 1963 is because they don't have the Murder Weapon! The Mannlicher - Carcano rifle is claimed by the "Pro-Lone Crazed Gunmans" to be the biggest tie to Lee Harvey Oswald, or a.k.a. Alec Hidell, and their false claim that Oswald shot Kennedy through a window in the TSBD.
There is plenty of evidence that the rifle in the 6th floor TSBD was not bought by Oswald and never owned by Lee Harvey Oswald. The Warren Commission through investigation of the F.B.I. found that Oswald bought the 6th floor TSBD Mannlicer-Carcano by Mail Order.
The U.S. Congress' HSCA (House Select Committee on Assassinations) 1978 ballistics tests don't match the Warren Commission's ballistic test panel of 1963, both of which were allegedly produced by firing the same murder weapon, the Mannlicher - Carcano rifle. That is the same Mannlicher - Carcano rifle that all the Government's Jfk Assassination Investigative Authorities claimed was found on the 6th floor of the TSBD and was used by Lee Harvey Oswald to kill President Kennedy. What more evidence is required to void the Warren Report and all its obvious deliberate lies!
The ballistic test marks from a rifle barrel will not vary from shot to shot unless the bullet is bouncing off the barrel as it travels down the bore. This is not going to happen unless the bullet is the wrong size or the barrel is totally worn out. It wasn't worn out at 1963 because they claimed Oswald had perfect marksmanship and made the shot of the Century. The F. B. I. and Warren Commission made no such claim, in 1963, that the barrel of the Mannlicher - Carcano rifle was distorted or worn out. Instead, the F. B. I. and Warren Commission in 1963 declared their ballistics test matched the Mannlicher - Carcano rifle to the "Magic Bullet" and bullet fragments found on the Presidential Limo's floor. So how did 4 more test shots by the HSCA Firearms Panel in 1978 destroy the barrel of the Mannlicher - Carcano rifle that had been stored in the National Archives' glass display case under controlled temperatures and humidity?
Another problem piece of Evidence that the HSCA, via the Firearms Panel Ballistics Testing of 1978, doesn't want to talk about is that the tests bullets they fired from the Mannlicher - Carcano rifle show, per HSCA Exhibit F-103,(see p. 465) distinct rifling marks on one of those 1978 test specimens! That is a sign that the Mannlicher - Carcano rifle bore is just fine and anything but having a worn out rifle barrel. It is the rifling marks caused by the machining of the steel rifle barrel during manufacturing that causes the ballistic evidence (rifling marks) on the bullet projectile. As you can well image it would have taken a lot of shooting (thousands of rounds) to wear out a machined steel rifle barrel which the HSCA, via their Exhibits F- 103, of their test rounds proves is not the case. The other test bullet fired by the HSCA Firearms Panel is faded out in Exhibit F-103 so no one can have the opportunity to examine the evidence.
But the Government does not give up trying to trick the World with meaningless Ballistic testing and testimony of Mr. Bates of the HSCA Firearms Panel. On p. 465 of Vol. I of the HSCA testimony, Bates testifies "as a result of our comparative microscopic examinations, it is our opinion that the bullet, CE-399 (Magic Bullet) was fired through the same firearm barrel that fired the 1963 F. B. I. ballistic test panel, CE-572." So What! More tricks. They are leaving out the murder weapon! If the bullets did not come out of the Mannlicher - Carcano rifle the Government claims Oswald used to kill Kennedy from the 6th floor of the TSBD, then who cares if the F. B. I. test bullets resulting from their 1963 ballistic tests matched the "Magic Bullet" and bullet fragment slugs recovered from Kennedy's Limo? Did the F. B. I. in 1963 fire their test rounds from the same rifle as the "Magic Bullet" was fired from, but different than the Mannlicher - Carcano rifle taken from the 6th floor of the TSBD? That's what the 1978 HSCA ballistics test evidence bears.
Compounding the falsehoods is that there was no "chain of custody" maintained on the "Magic Bullet", so there is no evidence that the F. B. I. was comparing the bullet the hospital employees took off the Parkland Hospital stretcher. Even if you would believe that Pristine bullet on a hospital stretcher is evidence of a murder over 10 miles away.
None of the bullet fragments taken out of John Kennedy's corpse would yield a ballistics test due to either size or destruction of the fragments, according to the Dallas police, the F. B. I., and Dr. Humes.
Maybe Lee Harvey Oswald was telling the truth when he said he didn't own a rifle.
The "Magic Bullet" was found outside of Kennedy's body and there is no proof that the "Magic Bullet" was ever inside Kennedy's body or Connally's, regardless of the Warren Commission's "Magic Bullet Theory." The Warren Commission theorized that the "Magic Bullet" fell out of Governor Connally's thigh on to the hospital stretcher when he was being treated at Parkland Hospital on the afternoon of 11-22-63. The Parkland Hospital employee, Darryl Tomilson, who found the "Magic Bullet" stated that nobody knows who was on that hospital stretcher.
The same is true of the bullet fragments found on the front floor of the Presidential Limo that the Warren Commission/F. B. I. found to have passed the ballistics test, and hence they confirmed those bullet fragments were fired from the Mannlicher - Carcano rifle, they claimed to be found by the Dallas Police on the 6th floor of the TSBD. Like the "Magic Bullet" there is no evidence that the "bullet fragments" found on the floor of the President's Limo were part of a bullet that hit either Kennedy or Connally. Read below for the Blood Tests and Spectrography Tests.
The HSCA's Firearm's Panel did conclude that the "Magic Bullet" and 2 slugs recovered on 11-22-63 from Kennedy's Limo did come from the same firearm as the F. B. I.'s 1963 ballistic test slugs, but that proves nothing about the Mannlicher - Carcano rifle they claim was Oswald's in the 6th floor of the TSBD. In fact, the evidence, as provided by the HSCA, shows that the 1963 F.B.I. Test Panel was fired from the same unknown firearm that fired the planted "Magic Bullet" and Presidential Limo "bullet fragments."
F.B.I. Spectrography Test Failed - Scientific Evidence Lee Harvey Oswald did not kill Kennedy
There is, and was in 1963, a test that would have proved to a scientific certainty that the "Magic Bullet" and "bullet fragments" recovered from the Presidential Limo hit Kennedy and/or Governor Connally. That test is the Spectrography Test. And the F. B. I. knew this, as did, in 1963, law enforcement and whole bunch of others in the World.
The F. B. I. did a Spectrography Test on the "Magic Bullet" and two "bullet fragments" found in the front seat of the Kennedy Limo and the results of that test were concealed forever. Why would the Government and the F.B.I. conceal the test results that could prove their case against Oswald? Because the test failed to tie in the Mannlicher - Carcano rifle (W/C's alleged JFK murder weapon), via the "Magic Bullet and "bullet fragments" in the Presidential Limo, to the bullet fragments removed from Kennedy's brain, Connally's wrist, or the bullet residue left in the President's clothing caused by the bullet that hit him in the back.
Spectrography is an exact science. In spectrographic analysis, a test substance is irradiated, so that all of the elements composing it emit a distinct spectrum. The spectra are recorded on film and analyzed to determine which elements compose the substance in question and to determine the exact percentage of each element that is present in the substance being tested. In the case of the Kennedy Assassination, the "Magic Bullet" and "fragments" found outside Kennedy's body are the suspect specimens and the tiny fragments found inside Kennedy are the control specimens. In other words, the elements and % of each elements found in the bullet fragments in Kennedy's head should match either the "bullet fragments" found in the Presidential Limo or the "Magic Bullet" (more likely the bullet fragments found on the floor of Limo). And the copper traces found on the bullet holes in the back of the President's coat and shirt, as well as, the bullet fragments removed from Gov. Connally's wrist would also be subjected to matching through spectrographics with the "Magic Bullet" and "bullet fragments" found in the Presidential Limo.
The elements in the lead core and metal bullet jacket traces (both alloys) of the "Magic Bullet" slug or fragments would be subject to the matching via Spectrography.
Similar, spectrographic analysis would be done on the the bullet fragments known to be in the Presidential Limo's windshield.
There was nothing found in the wounds of either Kennedy or Connally that connected those wounds to the Mannlicher-Carcano rifle, via the "Magic Bullet" or "bullet fragments" recovered from Kennedy's Limo, found on the 6th floor of the TSBD, let alone proof. The F. B. I. claimed that their ballistics test matched the Mannlicher-Carcano rifle to the "Magic Bullet" and bullet fragments recovered by the F. B. I. from Kennedy's Limo; the 1978 HSCA Firearms Panel ballistics test, as above section, negates that matching ballistics.
The complete results of the spectrographic Analyses (F. B. I. 24H262-64) were never included as exhibits in possession of the Warren Commission; there is no indication that the Warren Commission ever requested the results of those tests/analysis.
The Warren Commission claimed in 1964 that the F. B. I. passed the Ballistics Test for the Mannlicher-Carcano rifle and that was enough to fool the American People! What did the U.S. media and Government say, "Lee Harvey Oswald's Mannlicher - Carcano rifle fired the bullets found in Kennedy's Limo" (the Limo was the crime scene). Sounds easily convincing until you find out the Government did more lying and tricks.
So there you have it, more defeat for the "Lone Nut Advocates." The HSCA found in 1978, via ballistic testing by their Firearms Panel, that the TSBD Mannlicher-Carcano rifle, CE 139, did not match the Warren Commission's 1963 ballistic test panel that the Warren Commission in turn matched to the "Magic Bullet" and the "bullet fragments" found in Kennedy's Limo. As a result, the Spectrography Test would have been futile even if it matched the bullet fragments in Kennedy's head or Connally's wounds to the "Magic Bullet" and "bullet fragments" in the Limo (the Mannlicher-Carcano rifle, CE 139, they claimed to have taken out of the 6th floor of the TSBD was not the murder weapon). But the results of the F. B. I.'s Spectrography test was concealed because the "Magic Bullet" and the "bullet fragments" found in the Presidential Limo failed to match, via Spectrography, bullet particles in Kennedy's head on his clothes or in Governor Connally's wrist and thigh.
NO BLOOD or TISSUE TESTS ON JFK MURDER BULLETS - Truth was Avoided by Dallas Police and F.B.I. and Warren Commission
And why wasn't the "Magic Bullet" ever tested by the Dallas Police or F. B. I. or any Authorities for blood and tissue matches with either Kennedy or Connally. Nor were the other "bullet fragments" recovered from the Presidential Limo' s floor and windshield tested for blood or tissue matches. These are Standard police tests that were either deliberately not done or done and concealed because they would have been scientific proof that the Government was lying and planted evidence.
What were the lying tricks pulled by the Government to frame Oswald? The evidence is they adopted a bullet found on a hospital stretcher ("Magic Bullet") that nobody knows anything about and lacks a legally required "chain of custody" and produced some "bullet fragments" they claimed were on the Limo floor that any police can come up with by firing a rifle or handgun in target range and then they falsely claimed this "Magic Bullet" and bullet fragments matched the Mannlicher - Carcano rifle taken from the TSBD via Ballistics Testing.
How has the Government managed to keep such absolute physical evidence quiet when it comes from a Government sponsored Authority (HSCA)? Look at the evidence, Kennedy was not killed by 3 shots from that foolish Mannlicher - Carcano rifle! Another movie needs to be made featuring this and other irrefutable physical and scientific evidence produced by the Government, via the HSCA and W/C, that Absolutely proves the Warren Report is not just a lie, but the Warren Commissioners were not very good liars. The Warren Commission lies relied on the American Citizenry and the World to accept everything their Authority Dictated! No one from the U.S. Congress spoke up, although they all had access to the above evidence and the U.S. media remained silent on any Kennedy Assassination Evidence that was counter to the Official Government Version.
No testing for Cloth Fibers
Not only wasn't there any blood or tissue analysis done on the "Magic Bullet" or bullet fragment removed from Kennedy's Limo, but there was no testing for cloth fibers on any of the bullets and fragments the Warren Commission claimed to have been the murder bullets. There should have been cloth fibers shown up at least on the "Magic Bullet" which the Government decreed went through Kennedy's throat and cut his tie, and then, exited Kennedy hitting Governor Connally's back via his suit jacket and then exited through the suit jacket and into his leg through his pants. Not only that, but the "Magic Bullet", allegedly, first hit Kennedy in his back going through his jacket and JFK's shirt. More cloth fibers should have been detected on the "Magic Bullet" and bullet fragments in the Limousine because of the bullets going through Governor Connally's suit jacket and shirt.
But no cloth fiber testing was done because it would have proved the "Magic Bullets" and bullet fragments removed from the Limousine never went through Kennedy and Connally.
NO AIM POSSIBLE - Murder Rifle Scope Broken - F.B.I. & U.S. Army Experts fail to Duplicate 3 shots from TSBD
No F. B. I. Expert marksman, could duplicate the shots the Warren Commission claimed Oswald fired from the Book Depository 6th floor window. Not because the shots were blocked by a tree that was chopped down the next day (11-23-63), as confirmed by Col. L. Fletcher Poulty. Or because the Limo was driving too fast for even an expert to get off the 3 shots in 5.6 seconds as the Commission claimed the 3 rifle shots were fired that day in Dealey Plaza. The big problem, according to F. B. I. rifle expert marksman, Robert Frazier, was that the scope was defective (see W/C Vol. III p. 405-406) , and therefore no marksmanship was possible. The F. B. I. confirmed the scope which was "Made in Japan" was defective by 5" high and 2" to the right at a shot of 25 yards. 25 yards is so short it is not worthy of a rifle shot. At a 100 yards shot, the F.B.I. confirmed the cheap 4 power scope was defective by 5" high and 5" to the right. Kennedy's Limo was close to the 100 yard shot; the Warren Commission claimed that the first shot hit Kennedy at 175' from the TSBD and the third shot hit Kennedy at 265'. See Warren Commission Vol. III pages 404 -405 (testimony of F.B.I. Ballistics Expert - Robert Frazier). And that ends that, if you can't aim the rifle, you ain't goin' to hit the target. But what would you expect from a $12 surplus bolt action mail order rifle that included a plastic Japanese 4X scope that was a 20 year old war surplus from Italy? Back in the early 1960's Japan was known for making cheap junk that they exported to the U.S.
It should be also noted that the 25 yard and 100 yard rifle shots, as tested by the F.B.I. for the Warren Commission, as in above paragraph, were at stationary targets at rifle ranges. The alleged Assassin the Warren Commission claimed was in the 6th floor of the TSBD would have been firing at a moving target (Presidential Limo) of approximately 15mph.. Additionally, at the F.B.I. rifle range or the range at Quantico, conditions are relaxed and controlled by the F.B.I. expert marksmen. The alleged "Lone Crazed Gunman" in the 6th floor of the TSBD had no second chance to make the shots that caused the "Murder of the Century". The Warren Commission's "Lone Crazed Gunman" had to be accurate the first time when the Presidential Limo traveled through Dealey Plaza. The gunman in the TSBD would not be in control of his conditions and timing like the F.B.I. rifle experts, who were shooting at stationary paper targets at their leisure. The alleged "Lone Crazed Gunman" in the 6th floor window of the TSBD had to be alert and ready to shoot when the route of the President's Parade through Dealey Plaza dictated.
F.B.I. Robert Frazier remained loyal to the cause, even after his team of marksmen failed to duplicate the 11-22-63 Dealey Plaza shots using stationary targets. No, Frazier would make all kinds of excuses and create riddles about adjustments piled on adjustments, due to the defective scope, that could be taken to make the "easy shots" that the Warren Commission's "Lone Crazed Gunman" faced from the 6th floor of the TSBD. However, it would have been impossible for even the best rifleman to have been able to make "adjustments" in the 6th floor window of the TSBD to compensate for the broken scope on the Mannlicher-Carcano rifle that the Dallas Police and Warren Commission claimed was the murder weapon; the Presidential Limo was traveling down Elm St.. If you believe the Warren Commission's claim that only 3 shots were fired at Kennedy in 5.6 seconds by an Assassin from the 6th floor of the TSBD, then there were no adjustments made. It took the F.B.I. a day at the rifle range to concoct the "adjustments" that were required due to the broken rifle scope. An Assassin would have had the rifle and scope prepared and tested (the scope would have been in good working order), if not, then there would have been no assassination from a rifle with a broken scope that could not be aimed.
U.S. ARMY CONFIRMS SCOPE BROKEN - No Aim with JFK Murder Rifle from the 6th floor of the TSBD
F.B.I. Robert Frazier was not the only U.S. Government agent to lead marksmen to try and duplicate the "Lone Crazed Gunman's" 3 Mannlicher - Carcano rifle shots out of the southeast window of the 6th floor of the TSBD. Chief of the Infantry Weapons Evaluation Branch of the Ballistics Research Laboratory of the Department of the U.S. Army - Ronald Simmons was hired by the Warren Commission to test the same Mannlicher - Carcano Rifle and 4x Japanese Scope that was recovered by the Dallas Police on 11-22-63 from the 6th floor of the TSBD. Simmons didn't screw around with the defective scope, he immediately tried to fix the scope by inserting shims under the scope. The scope on the Kennedy murder weapon was so worthless that Simmons and his U.S. Army Laboratory Dept. immediately shimmed the scope in attempt to correct the scope's defectiveness before they did any test firing.
Simmons hired some of the best riflemen in the World, 3 N.R.A. Masters. An N.R.A. Master spends most of his life worrying about guns and his improved accurate marksmanship, you aren't going to do much better in the World than an N.R.A. Master Rifleman, if you want to hit targets with firearms. Simmons and his 3 Master riflemen used stationary targets at a range spaced at intervals of 175' , 240' and 265'. Those distances were the points at which the Warren Commission claims separated the TSBD from Kennedy when the 3 shots were fired. As Simmons said on page 443 of Vol. III of the Warren Commission, "They (3 Master Riflemen) could not sight the telescope". This would usually end the controversy as to whether a "Lone Crazed Gunman" could have made the 3 shots at Kennedy from the TSBD, but The President's Commission on the Kennedy Assassination had a job to do and it did not include real evidence or the truth. After all, their boss the new U.S. President, LBJ, mandated their objective - "LONE CRAZED GUNMAN" - LEE HARVEY OSWALD was the Assassin.
After shimming the defective scope, Ronald Simmons' 3 Marksmen fired 21 shots at a stationary target at a rifle range of their choice. Per testimony of Simmons, the 3 Master Riflemen took their time and fired the first shot when they were good and ready which is no way to shoot a President, who arrived 5 minutes late in Dealey Plaza in a Limo traveling 15mph.. The 3 riflemen missed the 3 stationary targets that allegedly duplicated the Warren Commission's 3 shots from the TSBD and it took more than 5.6 seconds to miss their 3 duplicate shots.
All were Imitations - the real shots to dangerous
It should be clear that no test done for the Warren Commission, or anyone else, actually shot out the 6th floor window in the TSBD in order to obtain evidence concerning Kennedy's Assassination. No rifleman was allowed to shoot out the 6th floor southeast window of the TSBD to provide evidence concerning JFK's Assassination; all attempted duplications took place in the rifle range of the tester's choice and under the tester's conditions. To this Web Site's best information no other persons, other than F.B.I.'s Frazier and U.S. Army's Simmons riflemen, test fired the actual Mannlicher - Carcano rifle that was found by the Dallas cops on the 6th floor of the TSBD for the Warren Commission's investigation.
Here's the point the Warren Commission and Government can't make. If Lee Harvey Oswald was as good a marksman, as they claim, then he would never have used the defective 4x telescope on the Mannlicher - Carcano Rifle. Any expert rifleman would have acquired an accurate scope in advance of their Assassination. If an expert Marksman knew the 4x scope on the Mannlicher - Carcano was defective, then the expert Marksman would get another scope in order to have the correct tool for the job. If the expert Marksman didn't do his job and test the scope in advance and learn of the defective scope on the Mannlicher-Carcano rifle, then he would have missed the moving target in Dealey Plaza on 11-22-63. If any expert rifleman was provided that same Mannlicher - Carcano rifle with the worthless scope and used it on 11-22-63 from the 6th floor of the TSBD, they would not have been able to hit any intended target in Dealey Plaza. The Warren Commission finally ruled that Lee Harvey Oswald fired 3 shots and hit Kennedy twice. Well, Oswald didn't do that killing with that Mannlicher - Carcano that had the mounted scope that was absolutely worthless. The Conspirators, who planted the Mannlicher - Carcano rifle on the 6th floor of the TSBD to frame Oswald should have paid more attention to detail and spent a little bit more money on a weapon that had an accurate scope. The defective scope was just another of the many mistakes the Co-conspirators made in carrying out their murder plot to get rid of the President of the United States. But that's what happens when you murder the President of the United States on live TV and in front of 100's of parade witnesses, including police, in plain daylight. The Authorities were successful in eliminating the live T.V. coverage of the Assassination by the 8 crews of the 3 National TV Networks at 1963, but they were not successful in covering-up all the evidence of Kennedy's Murder Conspiracy. They can't fool all the people all the time.
XII. Lee Harvey Oswald's Trail from TSBD to TEXAS THEATER - Mrs. Roberts provides Perfect Alibi - "a little after 1pm."
"Conspiratorial Rambler v. Lone Crazed bus-cab, Two Oswalds or One?"
So what is so important about the route Lee Harvey Oswald took from the TSBD after the Dallas Police saw him drinking an ice cold coke in the second floor of the TSBD 90 seconds after Kennedy was shot? Because there are TWO different set of facts provided by witnesses to account for Lee Harvey Oswald's route from his exit from the TSBD and finally ending up at the TEXAS THEATER in less than hour.
Oswald's trail from the TSBD to the Texas Theater, where he was arrested, is important because along that trail the Government decreed that Lee Harvey Oswald shot Dallas Police Officer, J.D. Tippit, on 10th Street. The Government Decreed that Lee Harvey Oswald shot J.D. Tippit, therefore, Oswald must have shot Kennedy about 40 minutes earlier. But the Government ran into some problems with evidence that showed Lee Harvey Oswald could not have shot Tippit and that a person or persons, other than Oswald, shot Tippit. One of the biggest problem pieces of evidence for the Government's claim via Decree of the Warren Commission that Oswald shot Tippit is that Oswald had a Perfect Alibi because he was at his Boarding House when Tippit was shot on 10th Street at no later than 1:06pm. on 11-22-63.
The Government's Official Version is that Lee Harvey Oswald exited the TSBD after Kennedy's Assassination at about 12:33pm. on 11-22-63. The government says it's "consciousness of Oswald's guilt", but it could be fear because Oswald realized he was getting framed, or it could have been a planned appointment/meeting, or both, only a very few in the Government, and probably Jack Ruby, knew for sure. The Co-conspirators killed Oswald before anyone else knew; Oswald's murder by Jack Ruby on 11-24-63 was the most important part of the Cover-up of Evidence.
If the reason for Lee Harvey Oswald exiting the TSBD was "consciousness of guilt", Lee Harvey Oswald would not have hung around the lunchroom on the 2d floor of the TSBD drinking an ice cold Coke a Cola after Kennedy was shot and the Dallas cops entered the building.
The Government's Warren Commission claims that after Lee Harvey exited the TSBD he walked 7 blocks to the east and got on a bus and got off that bus after a few blocks and then walked 2 blocks and got in a cab at the Greyhound Bus Terminal. The Cab, according to the Warren Commission, dropped Lee Harvey off at a location south of his Boarding House of 1026 North Beckley St., Dallas. This is not what you would expect from a "Lone Gunman", who had planned and did, according to Warren Commission, assassinate the U.S. President.
The other account of facts is provided by one Dallas Deputy Sheriff, and supported by evidence produced by a half dozen citizens, who saw Lee Harvey exit the TSBD and jump in a Rambler, driven by a dark skinned get away driver, fleeing Dealey Plaza. Dallas Deputy Sheriff, Roger Craig, stated he saw "Oswald get in a Nash Rambler after running down the hill" (Grassy Knoll) in Dealey Plaza. Deputy Sheriff Craig is a very credible witness because he refused to shut up about the Mauser he saw found on the 6th floor of the TSBD and Lee Harvey getting in the Rambler after running down the Grassy Knoll in Dealey Plaza minutes after the Assassination. Roger Craig even tried to help New Orleans D.A. Jim Garrison, all causing Craig to die for the truth.
In the U.S.A. at 1963, and onward, they raise the flag every time a law enforcement officer testifies or produces evidence about his observations regarding suspects of a crime; not this time. Roger Craig did not "play ball" with the most powerful forces in the U.S. and would be systematically destroyed, all because he spoke the truth about the JFK Assassination.
Regardless that there are two different accounts of Oswald's route after leaving the TSBD, both agree Oswald went to his Boarding House at 1026 North Beckley St., Dallas. Mrs. Roberts, the housekeeper of Mrs. Johnson's Boarding House at 1026 North Beckley St., testified that Oswald entered the Rooming House without a jacket on but just in shirt sleeves, W/C Vol. VI, p. 439. While at his Boarding Room Oswald picked up a zipper jacket per letter of Mrs. Roberts and her W/C testimony p. 439. Per Earlene Robert's Affidavit she describes the jacket that Oswald was wearing when he exited the Rooming House as a dark color jacket. According to Robert's W/C testimony, p. 438, tenant Lee was only in his room 3-4 minutes. The Government claims Oswald also picked up his hand gun at the Boarding House, although there is no evidence or witness testimony that Oswald picked up a gun at his Boarding House.
That dark colored zip jacket Mrs. Roberts saw Oswald wearing when exiting the Boarding House, minutes before Tippit was shot, is very important and is further corroborated by this letter written by Earlene Roberts. The suspect several witnesses saw fleeing on Patton Ave. from the Tippit's shooting had on a beige jacket and that beige colored jacket was, according to the Dallas Police, thrown under an Oldsmobile by that fleeing suspect.
When the Warren Commission, Counsel Ball, asked Mrs. Roberts if the jacket she saw Oswald exit the Rooming House looked like Exhibit CE 162, she said the jacket Oswald had on when he exited the Rooming House was darker. That CE 162 was the jacket the Dallas Police claimed they found under an Oldsmobile in the the Texaco Gas Station lot on E. Jefferson Blvd.. that was thrown under that car by a fleeing suspect involved in the J.D. Tippit murder that the Warren Commission and Dallas Police claimed was Lee Harvey Oswald.
According to Earlene Robert's W/C testimony, Vol. VI, p. 437, she rented Lee Harvey Oswald his room at the Boarding House on October 14, 1963 under the name O.H. Lee. Mrs. Earlene Roberts testified per W/C Vol. VI, p.438, that tenant, Lee, would not talk. She testified, "he did not say Hello, or Goodbye", "he would not say anything". She would only get "a dirty look" from tenant Lee when she said, "Good afternoon."
Earlene Roberts inadvertently gave the F.B.I. some very interesting evidence. Roberts stated to F.B.I. Agents Hardin and Rawlings per F.B.I. Report that Oswald used the phone after returning from work and would always speak in a foreign language, which she said was either Russian or German. She also heard Oswald while he was talking on the phone end phone conversations with "Adios". Adios is Spanish and is the language in Cuba. Here is the second page of that F.B.I. Report.
Mrs. Earlene Roberts interview statements to the press, CBS TV in 1963, and Assassination Researchers, boxed in the Government Authorities to placing Lee Harvey Oswald entering his Boarding House at 1026 North Beckley at a "little after 1:00pm.." Although the Warren Commission didn't ask her, Earlene Roberts stated, per CBS TV interview, she knew the time Oswald entered the Boarding House because of the program, "As the World Turns" that she watched was on TV from 12:30 to 1:00pm.. Mrs. Roberts continued, per the CBS TV interview available on YOU TUBE, that she was having problem with video on the TV but could hear the audio and was trying to fix the picture when Oswald entered "a little after 1:00pm".. Mrs. Roberts stated per W/C testimony p.438, that Oswald was in the his room for about 4 minutes and exited. Although the Warren Commission didn't bother to ask her, she also stated, per interviews, that the last time she saw Lee Harvey Oswald after he exited the Boarding House was across the street waiting for a bus about 4 minutes later. The bus would have traveled in a northerly direction of the Texas Theater and the opposite direction of 10th and Patton St. where Dallas P.D. Tippit was killed.
Per Mrs. Roberts testimony, the Warren Commission never asked Mrs. Roberts about the timing of Oswald's entrance and exit into the Boarding House on North Beckley St.. Warren Commission Counsel, Ball, while questioning Mrs. Roberts asked her if she told the F.B.I. and Secret Service that "after Oswald entered his room about 1 p.m. on November 22, 1963, you looked out the front window and saw police car No. 207?" Mrs. Roberts replied, "No. 107." This was the tactic used by the Warren Commissions to avoid asking Mrs. Roberts the time Oswald entered his rooming house. The Warren Commission and their Counsel, Ball, knew they could not do any better than "about 1pm." to serve their devices that Oswald shot Dallas P.D. Tippit at 1:15pm.. The Warren Commission needed as much time as possible to get Lee Harvey Oswald from his Rooming House to 10th and Patton to shoot J.D. Tippit at 1:15pm.. If Mrs. Roberts were asked she would have testified, as per her statements during press and filmed interviews, that Oswald entered the Rooming House after 1:00pm. See W/C Vol. VI, p. 444.
Mrs. Earlene Roberts testified, W/C p. 440, while Lee Harvey was in his Boarding House that a Dallas Police Car with "two uniformed Dallas Police Officers in it pulled up in front of the Boarding House at 1026 North Beckley St.. The police car parked facing north, "honked the horn twice", then pulled away and went three two houses and around the corner off North Beckley to Zangs "going towards town"." Mrs. Roberts testified that "Oswald was in his room when the two cops pulled up and honked twice in front of the Rooming House and after the cops pulled away Oswald exited his room and the Rooming House", W/C Vol. VI, p. 443.
The Warren Commission avoided Robert's eyewitness evidence, per her press and filmed interview statements, that she observed Lee Harvey Oswald was at the Bus Stop across the street after exiting the Boarding House because that put Lee Harvey Oswald at the Bus stop well after 1:00pm. and makes the Government's fabrication that Oswald shot Dallas Police Officer J.D. Tippit a mile away on 10th Street at 1:15pm. physically impossible.
But read below next sections. Police Officer J.D. Tippit didn't get shot at 1:15. He was pronounced dead in the Presbyterian Hospital at 1:15pm. after being picked up off the street by an ambulance that was called. Even after the Government, W/C Ball, tried to exaggerate the timing of Oswald entering his room in their favor "to about 1pm.," in order to justify their Decree that Oswald killed Tippit at 1:15pm., they failed because there just wasn't enough time for Oswald to kill Tippit a mile away when Mrs. Roberts saw Oswald leave the rooming house after 4 minutes and then she saw him waiting at the Bus Stop after another 4 minutes from exiting the Boarding House. That would be 1:08pm., at the earliest, and totally unacceptable to the Authorities, so they could put Lee Harvey Oswald a mile away in time to shoot J.D. Tippit, at either the real time of 1:06pm., or the falsified time by the F.B.I. and Warren Commission of 1:15pm.
Mrs. Earlene Roberts complained, via interviews and W/C testimony, many times that she was being harassed and given the "third degree" by the police and press about the Oswald incident at her place of employment at Johnson's Boarding House at "a little after 1:00pm." on 11-22-63. Earlene Roberts stated per interviews that she was "worried to death" because of the police targeting her and harassing her at "all hours of the day and night." Mrs. Roberts was threatened by death calls.
Earlene Roberts evidence, via her truthful testimony and interview statements, not only caused her problems with police harassment, but she, like so many other JFK Assassination witnesses, died shortly after her testimony to the Warren Commission in April of 1964. Mrs. Earlene Roberts was dead January 9, 1966 from a heart attack, according to the police. How many JFK Assassination witnesses died from heart attacks within short time after 11-22-63 or after they gave truthful testimony and public interview statements that caused trouble for the Government's "Lone Crazed Gunman Decree"?
There are many chemicals and gases that will quickly induce heart attacks. Cyanide Gas has been a favorite of Assassins for many decades because it is a "Blood Agent" that causes heart attacks in a a few seconds after inhalation. Cyanide Gas is silent and is not traceable in the human blood after a few hours of death. There are also liquid poisons/"blood agent" weapons used by Assassins that go right through human skin and cause heart attacks, immediately. Even if a coroner by some wild chance was looking for such causes of heart attacks, he would be unable to find them because cyanide has a half life of only a few hours once inhaled by the victim. Instead, the Coroners should take a sample of the deceased's clothing where the cyanide gas settles as a residue and has a half life of over 2 years. Cyanide causes heart attacks and the victim is declared to have died of "Natural Causes".
Dallas Texas seemed to be smaller than you would have thought at 1963. Mrs. Roberts sister, Bertha Cheek was a good friend of Jack Ruby, although Mrs. Earlene Roberts testified she did not know Ruby.
The Warren Commission's Lone Assassin takes public transportation to flee the scene of the "Crime of the Century"
Not only is it hard to believe that the Warren Commission's Master Assassin in the window of the TSBD escaped his "Crime of the Century" by bus and then grabbed a cab all in time to murder Dallas P.D. Tippit in less than an hour, but a review of the more detailed evidence surrounding this ridiculous escape route makes it all the more unbelievable.
To get from the TSBD to the point where the Warren Commission claims Oswald escaped by bus, he would have to have walked 7 blocks first. The Warren Commission then claims that, according to interrogation of Oswald by the Dallas Police, that he got off the bus when it got caught in traffic and he walked 2 blocks to pick up a cab at the Greyhound Bus Stop. No, the Commission didn't claim Lee Harvey had his rifle during his escape, as Marina Oswald claimed Oswald did, as lone witness against Lee Harvey concerning the General Walker shooting. Marina Oswald claimed Lee Harvey tried to murder General Walker in April of 1963 and traveled round trip by foot and bus with his rifle.
But like so many of the JfK Assassination witnesses that the Government dug up, there are problems with the testimony of the bus driver of the "escape bus" Lee Harvey Oswald absconded in after walking 7 blocks from his alleged Master Marksmanship in the TSBD, as claimed by the Government's Warren Commission and Co-Conspirators.
Assassination Researcher and Author, Attorney Mark Lane, gave testimony to the Warren Commission on March 4, 1964. One of the areas of Lane's testimony before the Commission was his investigation into alleged Presidential Assassin's escape route from the TSBD after the shots rang out in Dealey Plaza.
Assassination Researcher and Author, Mark Lane, investigated this escape of the World's Greatest Assassin from the TSBD and it made no sense, so he investigated the bus driver Cecil McWatters, and other related evidence of the Government's Official escape route by Lee Harvey Oswald by bus and cab.
First, per testimony before the Warren Commission, Vol. II p. 53, Lane informed the Commission that the bus driven by Cecil McWatters that Oswald allegedly took after walking 7 blocks from the TSBD was routed to travel down Houston St. and past Elm St. and the TSBD. That's right, the bus that the Commission claims Oswald escaped on had a route that would have brought Oswald back to the crime scene!
Per p. 53 of Vol. II of W/C, Lane points out in his testimony that per news stories by reporters Hugh Ainsworth and Larry Grove in their 11-28-63 Dallas Morning News Story that "Oswald Planned to Ride by Scene". Those reporters got that story as a result of interview with bus driver, Cecil McWatters, who the Warren Commission and Dallas Police were claiming was driving the bus Lee Harvey Oswald got on at Elm and Griffin Streets which is 7 blocks away from the TSBD, and was on route traveling west on Elm and turning at Houston. This bus was routed to travel through Dealey Plaza at Elm and Houston Sts., which is also the location of the TSBD crime scene.
Per his W/C p. 54, Mark Lane testified that the story reported in the Dallas Morning News, as told by bus driver Cecil McWatters and adopted by the Warren Commission, is that Oswald got off the bus and walked two blocks to get a cab at the Greyhound Bus Terminal.
Per interview with Mark Lane ??? McWatters claimed that he lied per affidavit and actually picked up Lee Harvey Oswald at Elm and Houston, the location of the TSBD and the crime scene.
According to Dallas P.D. Chief Curry, "Oswald told the bus driver, Cecil McWatters, the President just got shot and he laughed." The police used this "laugh" as showing guilt of their "Lone Crazed Assassin", Lee Harvey Oswald.
The Dallas P.D. claimed that the bus driver, Cecil McWatters, via a Dallas P.D. lineup, positively identified Lee Harvey Oswald as a passenger on his bus that McWatters gave a transfer slip.
According to interview by Mark Lane which is included in his 1967 movie, "Rush to Judgment" the bus driver, Cecil McWatters, stated he could never identify Oswald as riding in his bus and identified a 16 year old, Milton Jones, as being the passenger who laughed about Kennedy being assassinated. That movie, "Rush to Judgment" is on "You Tube", and McWatters is interviewed @ 10:00 - 12:00 of that movie.
The Bus Driver, Cecil McWatters, repeatedly, during his grueling questioning by the Warren Commission absolutely denied ever identifying Lee Harvey Oswald as a person who rode in his bus. And the bus driver testified to the Warren Commission the same, "could not identify Lee Harvey Oswald."
Evidence meant nothing to the Warren Commission and the Warren Commission concluded the "Dallas P. D. lineup conducted fairly," and the Commission assigned Lee Harvey Oswald to a ride in McWatter's bus after the Assassination.
The Warren Commission Decreed that Lee Harvey Oswald hopped McWatter's bus at Elm and Griffin Sts., but McWatters testified before the Warren Commission in Washington D.C. and was provided ample evidence by the bus driver that that was not so. The testimony by Dallas Public Bus Driver - Cecil McWatters before the Warren Commission, Vol. II pgs. 262-293, in 1964 is stunning.
Cecil McWatters testified before the Warren Commission that he did not how the Dallas Police located him on 11-22-63 as the driver of the bus Lee Harvey Oswald took 7 blocks from the TSBD. Vol. II of W/C p. 267.
McWatters testified that the Dallas Police stopped him at 6:15pm on 11-22-63 and wanted to know about the punch mark on a bus transfer slip. Per Affidavit, McWatters identified the punch mark on that transfer slip as belonging to him. McWatters testified further that he told the police that he had only given 2 transfers that day and remembered a man that received one of the transfers as being medium height and weight and light complexion. W/C Vol. II p.270.
McWatters further testified to the W/C that "I could not identify any man in the 4 man Dallas P.D. line up that night of 11-22-63, but one man looked about the same size as the man who got on and off my bus and was issued a transfer." p. 270. McWatters, per W/C testimony, described the man as average height of 5'-8" and average weight of 135-140lbs.. p. 270. McWatters testified that this same man had on work clothes and a cloth jacket. p. 279.
McWatters stated this same man stayed on his bus for about 5 minutes before getting off due to the traffic congestion and being issued a bus transfer. p. 271.
McWatters testified that this man, who 5 minutes later was issued a transfer slip, boarded his bus at Elm and Griffin going west. McWatters testified that his bus was stopped in traffic and that this same man knocked on the bus door and McWatters let him on the bus, even though that was not a bus stop. He got off at Lamar St. p. 274.
McWatters testified that this same man who he issued the transfer slip to, got off his bus before McWatters learned of Kennedy being shot from a motorist. McWatters said this is when the teenager laughed. p. 278. McWatters identified the teenager as Milton Jones. p. 280.
After continued hammering by The Warren Commission and its counsels (attorneys), McWatters flatly, again, stated that he could not identify anyone in the Dallas P.D. line up as being the man who rode on his bus. p. 279.
Then, McWatters testimony before the Warren Commission gets worse. He admits he picked #2 of the Dallas P.D. line up because #2 was the closest in weight and height to the man who he issued the transfer slip to. He stated the other 3 men in the line up were much larger men.
Then on p. 281, twice, and on p.283 of his Warren Commission testimony, Cecil McWatters states he thought the #2 man he picked out of the line up was the teenage boy (Milton Jones) who stayed on the bus after the he issued the transfer slip to the other man at Lamar St.
McWatters revealed that the Dallas Police made each of the 4 men in their police line up state where they lived and worked and McWatters heard each of the 4 reply. p. 283. Strange, three of the line up worked for the police. Why did the police do that?
The Cecil McWatters testimony includes pages of the same repetitive questions about the various Dallas bus routes and when his passengers got on and off.
Finally, Bus Driver - Cecil McWatters absolutely, again, testifies that he could not identify the man who received the transfer slip on his bus. p. 283.
Mary Bledsoe, per Affidavit, told the Dallas Police that she was on a bus after seeing Kennedy and his Presidential Motorcade pass on Main St.. Bledsoe stated, per affidavit, that Lee Harvey Oswald got on the bus at Murphy St., as it was traveling west on Elm St. and that the traffic was heavy and Lee Harvey Oswald got off the bus after traveling 2 or 3 blocks when someone said the President was shot. Mary Bledsoe stated, per same Affidavit, that she knew Lee Harvey Oswald because he lived in her house from October 7, 1963 through October 14, 1963.
Bus Driver Cecil McWatters was a typical troublesome witness for the Government's case against Lee Harvey Oswald and their claim he was the Kennedy Assassin, as was, the cab driver, William Whaley, who claimed he provided the balance of Lee Harvey Oswald's "get away" from the scene of the "Murder of Century". The "bus - cab ride" does not ascribe guilt or remove it vs. the "Rambler get away", in fact, the "Rambler get away" would be the scenario the Warren Commission would have preferred, except for one big problem. That problem created by the "Rambler escape car" from Dealey Plaza means a Conspiracy because the "Rambler get away driver" whistled for Lee Harvey before he ran down the Grassy Knoll which connects on the west of the TSBD. The Warren Commission had to have a LONE GUNMAN; no Co-Conspirators, such a Rambler with get away drivers with a "whistle signal" for Lee Harvey Oswald's planned escape, would be permitted by LBJ's Blue Ribbon Panel led by Earl Warren.
Then Oswald Hails a Cab
Mark Lane testified to the Warren Commission that D.A. Wade stated, early into the Kennedy Assassination Investigation, that Lee Harvey Oswald hired a cab driven by a driver named Daryl Click to Oswald's Boarding House at 500 North Beckley. Warren Commission Vol. II, p. 49-50. Attorney Mark Lane found after investigation in attempt to contact this cab driver, Daryl Click, that no such cab driver existed.
On 1-2-64, Lane first contacted Mr. Roseboro of the Teamsters Union that organized the Dallas cab drivers and was told by Roseboro that the Teamsters had no such record of a cab driver named, Daryl Click. Roseboro reminded Lane that Texas was a "right to work state" and that Click could be a non-union cab driver. Roseboro directed Lane to City Transportation Company which he said had a monopoly running all taxis in Dallas. Mr. Potts at City Transportation Company told Lane they had no record of a Daryl Click. id.
Lane then testified before the Warren Commission that D.A. Wade changed the name of Oswald's get away cab driver to William Whaley.
William Whaley was a 37 year veteran cab driver in the City of Dallas Texas, and per the tone of Whaley's Warren Commission Testimony of 3-12-64, Vol. II, in Washington D.C., he was proud of his work record. Whaley wasn't a total abortion for the Warren Commission. Whaley testified that he picked the #2 man in the 6 man Dallas P.D. line up, as the man that entered his fare at the Greyhound bus stop at some time after 12:30pm.
The second Dallas P.D. line-up to feature the arrested version of Lee Harvey Oswald was viewed by Whaley on Saturday 11-23-63. According to Whaley, that Dallas Police Line-up consisted of 5 teenagers who were handcuffed together along with the cab fare that Whaley testified rode in his cab on the afternoon of 11-22-63. W/C Vol. II p. 260.
William Whaley had seen Lee Harvey Oswald's picture in the 11-23-63 morning newspaper and he reported to his employer that Lee Harvey was one of his fares on 11-22-63. Whaley testified the F.B.I. and Dallas Police showed up and he went to the Dallas P.D. to view a line up. W/C Vol. II p. 260.
Not only did Whaley already see the 11-23-63 morning newspapers with Lee Harvey Oswald's face plastered all over the front page as the Assassin, but his view of the line up was made even easier per his Warren Commission testimony. Whaley testified that although Oswald had on totally different clothes in the police line up (white T-shirt and black pants) he had no problem identifying him out of the line up of 6 because Oswald was bawling out the cops for having a line up of all teenagers. Whaley testified "I picked him out because the other 5 were young kids in jail", "he looked older than the other 5". W/C Vol. II p. 261.
Whaley continued, per his Warren Commission testimony, that Oswald had no respect for the policemen and Oswald, "wanted a lawyer and stated the cops were trying to railroad him." p. 261. Whaley also testified that Oswald was a little different from the others in the line up because "he was the only one with a bruise on his head." W/C Vol. VI p. 294.
William Whaley recorded on his waybill/Manifest that he picked up Lee Harvey Oswald's fare at 12:30pm.. This is curious or more troublesome witnessing because President Kennedy was shot at 12:30, some say 12:31pm.. The Warren Commission's witness, William Whaley excused this timing impossibility by claiming he rounds all his fares, pick up and drop off times, to the nearest 15 minutes or quarter hour. But per review of his Manifest, WC CE 370 he did not round all of his fare's timing to the nearest 15 minutes.
William Whaley testified to the Warren Commission that his 12:30 fare, who entered his cab at the Greyhound Bus Stop stand was casual and in no hurry at all. Whaley testified he saw Oswald walking down the street, p. 255, "slow that he walked up, no hurry, not nervous," p. 261, and that "he looked like an old wino getting in the cab who had been off the bottle for 2 days" W/C Vol. II p. 261.
Cabby, Whaley, further testified that his fare, latter identified by him as Oswald, was dressed in blue kaki material work clothes and wore a jacket that matched his pants. W/C Vol. II p. 255.
When asked by the Warren Commission lawyer to identify CE 162, a gray jacket that the Authorities claimed Oswald was wearing and thrown under a car in a Texaco gas station parking lot on E. Jefferson Blvd., when they claimed he was running from the Tippit's murder on 10th Street, Whaley testified that the fare was "wearing a jacket that looked more like the color, more like a uniform set". But Whaley didn't disappoint the Commission and testified that "he had this coat here over on over that other jacket" W/C Vol. II p. 260.
It looks like Lee Harvey was bundled up on that warm November day in Texas. However, Whaley's original description of his cab fare that he identified as Lee Harvey Oswald was different per Affidavit that "this boy was small, five feet eight inches, slender, had on a white shirt with white spots of something on it. He had a bracelet on his left wrist. He looked like he was 25 or 26 years old."
His cab fare at the Greyhound Bus stand got in the front door. An old land immediately approached the cab and asked Whaley to call her a cab. Whaley testified that his fare, seated in the front passenger seat, volunteered to give the old lady the cab. But Whaley testified he told the old lady that another cab would be there shortly. W/C Vol. II p.256.
Whaley testified that Oswald asked to be driven to the 500 block of North Beckley St., W/C Vol. II p. 256. Whaley let his passenger out at Neches and North Beckley which is the 500 block of North Beckley, W/C Vol. II p. 256. Whaley testified that this passenger crossed the street but didn't see him walk north of south. p. 256. However, his affidavit says he walked at an angle south of the cab which would be in the opposite direction from his Boarding House at 1026 North Beckley St.
Whaley testified the cab trip from the Greyhound cab stand to Neches and North Beckley was 9 minutes. W/C Vol. II p. 259.
Warren Commission lawyer, Belin, didn't disappoint the researchers because he asked Whaley if he knew a cab driver named Darrel Click? Whaley responded in the negative. W/C Vol. II p. 294. There is, per this Web Site's research, nothing but Mark Lane's, as above, testimony that the Dallas Police Chief Curry first claimed that a cab driver named, Daryl Click, drove Oswald to his Boarding House at 1026 North Beckley after Oswald left the TSBD.
William Whaley's testimony was much more crucial to the "Lone Crazed Gunman Decree" of the Government than McWatters because they claimed the the cab driver dropped him off at the area of his Boarding House.
Cab Driver William Whaley was dead the next year on December 18, 1965. You can see the remains of his Checker Taxi being towed away; that film clip taken in 1965 is today on You Tube - See "December 18, 1965 - Taxi driver William Whaley Killed in Crash on Trinity Viaduct." It takes a lot to damage the entire front end of a Checker Taxi, as per that 1965 film clip. The Checker Taxi was manufactured for commercial use, a big square full boxed frame car.
Before he died the Warren Commission realized they had major discrepancies in evidence produced by this Witness, William Whaley, who testified before them in Washington D.C. in March 12, 1964, so they sent their lawyer, Warren Counselor - Attorney Berlin, to Dallas, Texas on April 8, 1964 to straighten out the problems with Whaley's testimonial evidence.
The F.B.I. also went along with W/C counsel, Berlin, and rode with Cab Driver, William Whaley, through his route that he claimed to have driven Lee Harvey Oswald from the Greyhound cab stand to North Beckley St.. The F.B.I. timed the cab trip and decided it didn't take 9 minutes for the cab ride but trimmed the time of the cab ride to 5 minutes and 30 seconds. W/C Vol. VI p. 434.
W/C Counsel - Berlin also re-questioned William Whaley as to where he dropped of his fare, Oswald, on North Beckley. Through this new questioning on an issue that was already answered differently, twice, during Whaley's first testimony before the Commission, Whaley testified that his manifest was wrong because it documents that he wrote that he dropped off that fare at the 500 North Beckley block but what he wrote in November of 1963 was wrong and he remembers that he dropped of that fare at the 700 block of North Beckley. W/C Vol. VI p. 433-434.
The Warren Commission also realized that Whaley's Dallas P.D. line up selection needed some improvement due to his Affidavit conflicting with his first testimony before the Warren Commission.
Whaley re-testified that he identified Lee Harvey Oswald from a 4 man Dallas P.D. line up and that the man he identified as the cab fare he drove to North Beckley st. was now not the #3 man as per his Affidavit but the #2 man. Whaley testified the discrepancy in evidence was caused because Oswald was third man out in the line up of 4 and that is why he stated per Affidavit that he selected #3. W/C Vol. VI p. 430. Whaley admitted there were numbered signs over each man in the Dallas Police line up but claimed that Oswald was moving. W/C Vol. VI p. 432.
William Whaley also revealed that he signed the Affidavit before he viewed the line up. It was all written up by the Dallas Police for him to sign. W/C VI p. 430.
Lee Harvey Oswald was #2, W/C Vol. VI p. 432, see line up on "You Tube".
Finally, Attorney and W/C Counsel, Berlin, comes to the rescue summarizing their second round of evidence produced in April of 1964. Berlin decrees that this new cab ride timing of 5 minutes and 30 seconds and drop off of Lee Harvey Oswald at the 700 block of North Beckley gave Lee Harvey Oswald more time to get to his Boarding House and leave the boarding house in time to gun down Dallas P.D. Officer J.D. Tippit at 1:15pm on E. 10th St., W/C Vol. VI 428-434.
At 12:45pm. Dallas Police Officer, J.D. Tippit, was ordered to the residential Oak Cliff section of Dallas. Oak Cliff was not Tippit's beat, or even in his Dallas Police District #78.
Walter Cronkite asked, "why was Officer Tippit in Oak Cliff which is not his normal beat?" Some claim that there was a planned meeting between Oswald and Tippit.
The Dallas P.D. confirmed the only Dallas police car in the area of Oswald's boarding house in Oak Cliff section of Dallas at that 1:00pm. on 11-22-63 was that of J.D. Tippit. However, after leaving the TBSD, it is undisputed that Oswald returned to his Oak Cliff boarding house at "a little after 1:00pm." as per 1963 CBS televised interview of, Earlene Roberts, the housekeeper at Oswald's 1026 North Beckley St. boarding house. Roberts stated in that same CBS TV interview, now on the Internet, that "Oswald only stayed 3 - 4 minutes during which time a Dallas police car containing two uniformed officers pulled up in front of her boarding house" and "beeped the horn twice." "The Dallas P.D. car and its two officers then drove off as fast as they arrived." If this "horn beeping" by the two Dallas cops wasn't a signal at the planned rendezvous point, then Revere didn't alert the American's in the Bay Colony that the bloody Brits (regulars) are coming.
J.D. Tippit was shot at 1:06pm. and he was the only one in his patrol car. Tippit died on E. 10th St. which is in Oak Cliff. The evidence indicates that there were two Dallas P.D. patrol cars in Oak Cliff after 1pm. on 11-22-63.
In addition to interview with Mark Lane seen in "Rush to Judgment," Earlene Roberts testified for the Warren Commission in 1964 and interviewed with Texas JFK Assassination Researcher, Penn Jones, and she was dead by 1966.
Per the 1963 CBS televised interviews now on the Internet/"You Tube" Mrs. Roberts stated that the last time she ever saw Lee Harvey Oswald was at about 4 minutes after he exited the boarding house across the street waiting for a bus.
"A little after 1:00pm." in addition to the 3-4 minutes Oswald was in his boarding house, and in addition to the 4 minutes after he exited his boarding house and was seen by Mrs. Roberts at the bus stop brings the time conservatively, to 1:10pm. that Oswald was seen standing at the bus stop by Mrs. Roberts. Weather you accept the legal documentation, death certificate and police supplement, that proves J.D. Tippit was pronounced dead at the Hospital at 1:15pm. after being transported from 10th street by ambulance, or you believe the Warren Commission that J.D. Tippit was shot at 1:15pm. there was not enough time for Oswald to walk from his boarding house to 10th and Patton Sts., a mile away, and shoot Tippit.
The Lone Gunmen Theorists claim that after Oswald left his boarding house on route to the Texas Theater, where they claim Oswald was stopped by Dallas P. D. Officer J.D. Tippit because he fit the description of the Kennedy Assassination. That description was released at about 12:45 by the Dallas P. D.. But the description was so general that one wonders how Tippit could have matched it with an Oswald, who he only saw from the back. If Officer Tippit really stopped Oswald because he thought that walking Oswald was the man wanted regarding the Kennedy Assassination, why didn't he have his gun pulled? Why didn't Tippit radio in to police headquarters that he was about to stop the murder suspect?
Officer Tippit never radioed into the Dallas P. D. dispatcher that he spotted a suspect of the JFK Assassination. The description of a suspect, who allegedly shot Kennedy, was broadcast at 12:45pm by Dallas Police. However, the description was very general; white male, 30's, white shirt, brown or light hair.
When Lee Harvey Oswald was arrested he was wearing a dark shirt, at least according to the Warren Commission.
Want the rest of a different account of facts, supported by real evidence, of Lee Harvey Oswald's trail to the Texas Theater, then read on.
XIII. Witnesses saw "short stocky man with dark curly hair" shoot D.P.D. J.D. Tippit @ 1:06pm. - Nobody saw Oswald shoot Tippit
Officer J.D. Tippit Shot @ 1:06pm. when Oswald at Bus Stop a mile away
The evidence surrounding the shooting of Dallas P. D. officer J.D. Tippit at 410 E. 10th St., Dallas, Texas at 1:15pm. (time of the W/C's Official Government Version) on 11-22-63 is a convoluted mess of evidence that conflicts. Some of the evidence that conflicted with the W/C's Official Version of the Tippit shooting resulted in witnesses murdered, shot, disappearing, and other witnesses ignored. No two witnesses saw the same thing. After a review of TV interviews, F. B. I. reports, Dallas P. D. affidavits, and Warren Commission Transcripts the truth is that the Warren Commission's Official version that D.P.D. J.D. Tippit was murdered by gun shots fired by Lee Harvey Oswald that afternoon of 11-22-63 is deliberately wrong and part of a planned lie, so to get the American Public to believe that Oswald must have also killed the President of the U.S.A..
There were a few crucial pieces of evidence that were in agreement among witnesses who saw Officer J. D. Tippit shot on E. Tenth St.. The first is that none saw Lee Harvey Oswald at the seen of the crime and absolutely nobody claimed to see Oswald or anyone who looked like Oswald shoot Tippit. The witnesses who saw Tippit shot described a short stocky man with dark curly hair. The closest witness to the Tippit shooting, Domingo Benavides, further described the Tippit killer as having a dark complexion with a full head of hair. Benavides was only 25 feet from the shooting on E. 10th St., but would never say that Oswald was the Tippit shooter. Several witnesses stated there were two men involved in murdering Tippit.
There were several witnesses, who claimed Lee Harvey Oswald was running to Patton St and running south on Patton St. with an automatic pistol after the Tippit shooting on E. 10th St., but these witnesses did not see the shooting.
J.D. Tippit's "Autopsy Permit" was signed by Dallas County Justice of the Peace Joe B. Brown Jr.; that document indicates that Tippit's time of death was 1:15pm on 11-22-63! Tippit was pronounced Dead on Arrival at 1:15pm.
See also Dallas Police Dept. Supplement Offense Report that confirms police witnessed Dr. Richard Liquori pronounce Tippit dead at 1:15pm. at the Methodist Hospital.
Dr. Richard Liquor of the Methodist Hospital in Dallas, Texas pronounced J.D. Tippit dead at 1:15pm. after watching medical people trying to revive Tippit in that Hospital!! See "Dallas P.D. Supplemental Report" which states the police witnessed Dr. Richard Liquori pronounce Tippit dead at 1:15pm. in the Methodist Hospital in Dallas Hospital, after watching medical people trying to revive Tippit, and of course Tippit was transported to the Methodist Hospital by ambulance first.
What's all this mean? Just like these hard to find documents the Government didn't destroy indisputably reveals. Tippit was pronounced dead at 1:15pm at the Methodist Hospital after having to be transported by ambulance from 10th Street to the Methodist Hospital and having Methodist Hospital medical people try to revive him, but there is more time to be accounted for. After being shot, someone had to call the cops and the ambulance needed time to arrive and pick up Tippit off 10th St.. 1:06 to 1:15 is a mere 9 minutes. It is hard to believe that all this activity could have been accomplished in 9 minutes and that Tippit wasn't actually shot prior to 1:06pm.
Many Researchers refer to this "Authorized Permit for Autopsy" signed by Justice of the Peace Joe B. Brown Jr. which documents Tippit pronounced dead at 1:15pm. as a Death Certificate.
See http://whokilledjfk.net and click on the Tippit link for these two documents, The "Authorized Permit for Autopsy" and "Dallas P. D. Supplemental Report" that according to that Web Site are an HSCA document in Volume VIII p. 486.
Dallas Deputy Sheriff Roger Craig stated per interview with JFK Assassination Researcher, Mark Lane, that he was in the TSBD when he heard the Dallas P.D. radio broadcast that Tippit was shot on 10th St..; Deputy Sheriff Craig testified that he immediately looked at his watch and it was 1:06pm.
Also see next section, "Tippit's Shooting Witnesses", Markham, Mrs. Higgins, T.F. Bowley for more witnesses confirmation that Tippit was shot at 1:06 rather than 1:16pm that the Warren Commission needed in order to claim Oswald had time to shoot Tippit after being seen by his landlady, Mrs. Roberts, standing at the bus stop at 1:04 after arriving at the boarding house at 1:00pm when the Dallas cop car signaled Oswald with 2 horn beeps outside Oswald's Rooming House on 1026 North Beckley St.. As above, the evidence, according to Mrs. Roberts, makes that 1:04pm. "Oswald bus stop sighting" by Mrs. Roberts deliberately inaccurate by at least 6 minutes; the Warren Commission did not account for Robert's testimony that Oswald entered the boarding house "a little after 1:00pm." and that Oswald was in his room for 4 minutes before exiting the boarding house, after which, Roberts saw Oswald 4 minutes later standing at the bus stop. Once again, that timing testimony by Mrs. Roberts, the boarding house housekeeper, would show that saw Lee Harvey Oswald was waiting at the bus stop at the earliest of 1:10pm.. This would have given Lee Harvey Oswald only 5 minutes to walk one mile to murder Officer Tippit at their fabricated time of 1:15pm. on 10th St. which the Warren Commission knew was not possible.
The F. B. I. changed Tippit's time of death to 1:25pm and used the 1:15pm time per the Methodist Hospital "Autopsy Permit" as the time Tippit was shot on 10th St.., in order to accommodate the extra time the Government needed to give Oswald in order to claim "Oswald did it", so they could claim then Oswald "must have" Killed Kennedy.
Oswald, according to the Government, must have been awfully good, maybe the U.S. James Bond. The U.S. Government claimed, via their Warren Commission, that this 24 year old, just out of the U.S. Marine Corp., and specially trained in at least the U-2 spy plane and the Russian language, was able to commit the "Murder of the Century" at 12:31pm., and then, within approximately a half hour end up on the other side of Dallas traveling by bus and cab and grab a handgun at his Rooming house, and then, about a mile up the street shoot a Dallas cop. And then for some reason, allowed himself to be captured in a movie theater. So they toned down the Oswald performance on 11-22-63 by claiming Tippit was shot at 1:15pm. so that Oswald would look somewhat pedestrian. After all, Oswald was in front of his Rooming House waiting for a bus at 1:04 (according to the W/C's false version of events), so the W/C sure as hell could not claim that Oswald shot Tippit, who was almost a mile away from bus stop, at 1:06pm.
If that Death Certificate signed by Justice of the Peace Brown is correct, which this Web Site has no reason to doubt and looked hard to find doubt, then, Oswald got blamed for another murder he didn't commit, so the Government could dispose of everything that happened in Dallas on 11-22-63 more conveniently. That same Death Certificate signed by Justice of the Peace Brown is an exhibit with the HSCA Vol. VIII p. 486. When the Warren Commission obtained such evidence that Proved beyond any doubt that Lee Oswald was innocent of Tippit or Kennedy's Murders they simply ignored it. Since the Warren Commission was the ultimate in Corruption and instrumental in the Cover - Up of the Kennedy Murder Conspiracy, you would have thought the HSCA would have had the good sense not to allow such a Document to be an Exhibit in their Permanent Records. After all, the HSCA was just as much a part of the Cover-Up Conspiracy as the Warren Commission. They presumed that the citizenry would never have opportunity to read/learn of such evidence; the Internet did not exist for another 30 years at 1963..
The Warren Commission claims that Lee Harvey Oswald picked up a hand gun at his boarding house, but there is no evidence that he picked up a hand gun at that point. D.P.D. Capt. Fritz claims he took notes during the 3 interrogations of Lee Harvey Oswald in the Dallas Police Dept. from the afternoon of 11-22-63 up until his death on 11-24-63; Fritz' handwritten notes alleged that Oswald stated he picked up his gun at his Boarding house and 1026 N. Beckley St.. Capt. Fritz is not to be trusted regarding any evidence he produces or advocates surrounding the JFK Assassination. At a minimum, per research produced in this article, Capt. Fritz was a busy participant in the Cover-Up Conspiracy of JFK's Murder. This Web Site did find some other alleged notes by the Dallas Police of 11-22/23-63, as a result of 3 police interrogations, but there is nothing on those sparse hand written notes of any admission by Oswald of picking up the hand gun that he had when arrested in the Texas Theater. It is generally accepted that there were no notes or recordings taken by the Dallas Police during their 3 interrogations of Lee Harvey Oswald at the Dallas P. D. the weekend of 11-22/23-63. Imagine that, no notes or recordings or stenographers transcript of the interrogation of the man, Oswald, charged with the "Murder of the Century"! Whatever did Lee Harvey Oswald disclose that it had to be concealed?
Visual Aids - the D.P.D. J.D. Tippit Murder on E. 10th St., Dallas Texas & Jack Ruby's Neighborhood & trail of the Assassin
LHO trail from TSBD to Texas Theater, LHO trail from his Boarding House to Texas Theater per Official Warren Commission Decree, LHO path from TSBD - bus - cab- rooming house , Oswald route TSBD to Texas Theater, view of ally behind Texaco Station - W/C route of Tippit's killer LHO
Dallas P.D. J. D. Tippit trail of activity before being murdered, map of J.D. Tippit trail of activity before Murder, map of salient coincidental points of interest around Tippit's Murder Scene, Tippit waits at Gloco Gas Station , Tippit death route, Ariel view Tippit shooting witnesses, Tippit Pre-death stops, Top 10 Records - Stop by Tippit minutes before death
Photo Tippit's police car after death E. 10th St., Scoggins view to 10 st and west view from Tippit car on 10th St., Markham view and Tippit car, looking east at Tippits car 10 St., Tippit's car in front of Alley on 10 St., west view Tippit's car E. 10 St.,, Markham location view Tippit car, 2 Scoggins' views, More Scoggins views, 10 St. and Tippit's car blood circled, Tippit's car 10th St. blood circled, Tippit Shooting neighborhood, W/C exhibit aerial view Scoggins and Markham at Tippit shooting, W/C Tippit shooting Markham and other witnesses
Tippit's car another view, Corner 10th and Patton looking east, Scoggins' view, Tippit's Murdered in Ruby's neighborhood
Tippit Murder Witnesses Addresses
Texas Theater seating,
Map Igor Vaganov's residence
W/C map Dealey Plaza and Highways
Was Officer J.D. Tippit the only lawman who lost his life that 11-22-63 in Dallas, Texas? What was the cause of the pool of blood found by Cooley and ?? to the southwest of the TSBD?
Where, oh, Where was Dallas P.D. Officer J. D. Tippit During the Minutes before his Death?
Reading researchers documented evidence surrounding the JFK Assassination, you come to feel sorry for Officer J.D. Tippit. Feel sorry, not because Tippit was a "hero" on 11-22-63, but because the evidence that the authorities tried to keep covered-up shows Tippit was double-crossed on 11-22-63 by the Authorities who Conspired to Murder John Kennedy.
The minutes before Tippit was murdered shows a man who was desperately looking for someone who he had agreed to meet in the Oak Cliff section of Dallas within 15 minutes after President Kennedy's Assassination. Do the Warren Commission records and testimonies disclose Officer J.D. Tippit's movements in the minutes before his death? No. However, JFK Researchers did what the Authorities would not do because the Authorities wanted the evidence covered-up concerning Tippit's actions and locations just before he was murdered.
Where was Officer J.D. Tippit at 12:45pm. and until his death at 1:06pm.? He was not in his Police District #78. No, Tippit was in Dallas Police Central Oak District #91, instead of his regular beat which was District #78. 15 minutes after JFK was Assassinated, at 12:45pm., the Dallas Police Dispatcher, Murray Jackson, ordered Tippit to go to the Central Oak Cliff section of Dallas P.D. District #91.
D.P.D. Dispatcher Margie Barnes was caused to be off-duty while D.P.D. Murray Jackson controlled the radio dispatch on the afternoon of 11-22-63. Dallas P.D. dispatcher, Murray Jackson, claimed that because of the Kennedy Assassination all available patrol units went to Dealey Plaza's Triple Underpass leaving no D.P.D. patrol car in the Central District # 91 of Oak Cliff. Tippit was, at 12:45pm., ordered out of regular patrol District #78 to District #91, even though Tippit was the only Dallas patrolman in District #78. However, HSCA received information from Dallas P.D. Officer Sgt. William Mentzell that he was in District #91 at 12:45 and after J.D. Tippit was shot on E. 10th St. which is in District #91. Was Officer Mentzell lying to the Federal HSCA? Doubt it. Jackson knew why Tippit was moved to the Central Patrol District #91 of Oak Cliff, but he got caught lying about it. Tippit was waiting for someone at the Gloco gas station and when they didn't show up, he went searching for that person. Tippit died on 10th St. which is in the Central District #91 of Oak Cliff.
On 11-22-63, Dallas P. D. Margie Barnes was assigned to be present for work at the Dallas Police Dept. in her customary job as Coordinating Dispatch Communications for officers in the field. The day before President Kennedy arrived in Dallas Dallas P. D. radio dispatcher Margie Barnes received an unexpected, unsolicited engraved invitation to President Kennedy's luncheon at the Dallas Trade Mart. Margie Barnes was seated at table 356 at 12:31 when President Kennedy was shot 5 minutes away in Dealey Plaza. Margie Barnes would have been privy, as was customary for her job as Dallas P.D. dispatcher, to all Dallas P.D. radio transmissions and would have heard all communications regarding Kennedy's and Officer J.D. Tippit's murder on 11-22-63. In 1974 Margie Barnes was killed by a hit and run collision while she was on a motorcycle.
Officer J. D. Tippit went to the Northernmost part of Dallas Police Patrol District #91, at the Gloco Gas Station which overlooks a potential escape route from Dealey Plaza over the Houston St. Viaduct from Downtown Dallas.
There are 5 witnesses who placed Dallas P.D. Officer J.D. Tippit at the Gloco gas station which was located at 1502 North Zangs Boulevard. This Gloco gas station was at the northernmost part of the Oak Cliff section of Dallas. The 5 witnesses were found by researcher, William Turner (one of N.O. District Attorney Jim Garrison's investigators), in the mid-1960's. Amongst the 5 witnesses was photographer, Al Volkland and his wife, Lou, who both knew J.D. Tippit and said that they saw J.D. Tippit at the Gloco gas station 15-20 minutes after JFK was Assassinated and that they waived to him. Volkland and his wife observed Tippit sitting in his police car at the Gloco gas station in Oak Cliff watching the cars coming over Houston St. Viaduct from downtown Dallas.
Turner also interviewed 3 employees of that same Gloco gas station Tom Mullins, Emmett Hollingshead, and J. B. "shorty" Lewis, all of whom knew Tippit and confirmed the Volkland's details about seeing Officer J.D. Tippit at the Gloco gas station. Turner's research on J.D. Tippit's activity at the Gloco gas station was published in a 1966 Ramparts Magazine.
In 1987 Dallas researcher, Greg Lowery, located two of the five witnesses, above, Hollingshead and Lewis and they re-affirmed what they had observed at the Gloco on 11-22-63; J.D. Tippit sat in his police car from 12:45 - 1:00pm. at the Gloco gas station watching the traffic come over the Houston St. Viaduct from downtown Dallas. These 2 witnesses said that Tippit, after being in the Gloco station for about ten minutes, "went tearing down Lancaster at high speed on a bee-line toward Jack Ruby's apartment and in the direction where he was killed a few minutes later." This account of Tippit's actions minutes before his death was published in the Oak Cliff Tribune of June 30, 1988.
Researcher, Greg Lowery, reported that these two witnesses stated "there was simply no doubt whatever about this in their minds they were absolutely certain" what they had witnessed 24 years earlier in 1963. As they say, "everybody remembers where they were and what they were doing when President Kennedy was Assassinated", and so the witnesses at the Gloco remembered Tippit at the Gloco, and then, they also remember the extraordinary event of Tippit's death by the Government's "Lone Crazed Gunman" on E. 10th St. a few minutes later. And their memory was reinforced by the mystery that surrounded Tippit's and JFK's death and the various JFK researchers interviews, and who knows how many cops and Federal Agents came around warning these Gloco witnesses that they saw nothing? All would re-enforce memory of the events they witnessed at the Gloco on 11-22-63 concerning J.D. Tippit. These Gloco witnesses had no reason to lie and were brave enough to speak about what they observed D.P.D. J.D. Tippit do on 11-22-63 just before he was murdered.
The location of that Gloco gas station was about 1.5 miles from the Texas School Book Depository (TSBD). 50 years later, the Gloco is long gone.
What caused Officer Tippit to "high - tail it" at high speed down Lancaster St.? We know that cab driver William Whaley testified before the Warren Commission that he drove Lee Harvey Oswald across the Houston St. Viaduct to a spot near Oswald's rooming house at 1026 North Beckley. Whaley with Lee Harvey in cab would have driven right by the Gloco at the time J.D. Tippit was watching the traffic come over the Viaduct from downtown Dallas.
At 12:54pm. according to Dallas P. D. radio records, dispatcher Murray Jackson calls Tippit for his location and Tippit responds that he is at "Lancaster and Eighth"; that would be 8/10's of a mile from the Gloco gas station. This location at "Lancaster and Eighth" coincides with the Gloco witnesses seeing J.D. Tippit "tearing down Lancaster St." in his Dallas Police car.
Next, Tippit was sighted at the Top Ten Record Shop at the corner of West Jefferson Boulevard and Bishop Ave., about one block west of the Texas Theater. Louis Cortinas was an 18 year old clerk at Top Ten Record Shop; in a 1981 interview with the Dallas Morning News reporter Earl Golz interviewed Cortinas about his observations of Officer J.D. Tippit at about 1:00pm. on 11-23-63. Cortinas stated the following:
Cortina was behind the counter of Top Ten Records when Officer Tippit parked his police car on Bishop St., apparently heading north, and came into the shop in a hurry and asked Cortina if he could use the phone at the counter. Cortina remembered Tippit being in such a hurry that he had to ask people in the narrow aisles to step aside.
Cortina said J. D. Tippit said nothing over the phone apparently not getting an answer! Tippit stood there with the phone long enough for it to ring 7 or 8 times. "Tippit hung up the phone and walked off fast, he was upset or worried about something." Tippit sped away in his squad car across Jefferson, down Bishop, to Sunset where he ran a stop sign and turned right down Sunset."
Cortina said he knew Tippit enough to talk to him. Cortina said he knew Officer Tippit from Austin's Barbecue and because he had received tickets from Officer Tippit for drag racing near Austin's. Tippit would come into the record shop occasionally to use the phone while on duty.
Cortina said it was no more than 10 minutes after Tippit left the record shop that Cortina heard on the radio that Officer J.D. Tippit had been shot.
Cortina's boss, Dub Stark, also the owner of Top Ten Record Shop, confirmed Cortina's description of Tippit's visit to his business to use the phone at about 1:00pm. on 11-22-63. Stark pointed out that Tippit's partner was not in the police car, but that Tippit was alone. Stark said that after Tippit exited his store "he had just enough time to get to the place where he was shot." Stark said he knew Tippit because Tippit came in the store to buy records for his children, and Tippit stopped in to use the phone several times. Both witnesses at the record shop said Tippit said nothing on the phone, no phone conversation took place.
It is safe to say that no one answered the phone that Tippit called and that would exclude the Dallas P.D. as being at the other end of the phone line that rang 7 or 8 times without being answered.
Police dispatcher, Murray Jackson, called Tippit at 1:03pm. and got no answer. Was Tippit in the Top Ten Record Shop at 1:03pm? The distance from the Top Ten Record Shop to 404 E. 10th St. where Tippit was shot is 6/10's of a mile.
Greg Lowery was interviewing James A. Andrews, who worked for American National Life Insurance at their office located across the street from Austin's Barbecue. Researcher Lowery was interviewing Andrews to get information about another suspect in the JFK Assassination, Roscoe White, who also worked at that life insurance company's office. During that interview Andrews told Greg Lowery, "since you are interested in the assassination, let me tell you something that happened." James Andrews further told Lowery that he was returning to work at his office in Oak Cliff at little after 1:00pm. on 11-22-63 and was driving west on West 10th St. (about 8/10's of a mile from the location Tippit was shot) when suddenly a police car also traveling west on West 10th St. came up behind Andrew's car, passed him and cut in front of his car forcing Andrews to stop. The police car pulled in front of Andrews' car at an angle heading into the curb in order to stop him. The police officer jumped out of his car and looked in Andrews' car between the front seat and back seat. Without saying a word the policeman went back to his patrol car and drove off quickly.
James Andrews was perplexed by the strange behavior of this police officer, but had presence of mind to read the police officer's nameplate which read "Tippit". Tippit was wearing his nametag on 11-22-63 (source the Dallas Municipal Archives) when he died on E. 10 St. at 1:06pm.. Andrews remarked that Tippit seemed to be very upset and agitated and was acting wild.
Cab driver, Scoggins, who was parked on South Patton St. at the corner of E. 10th St. and Helen Markham, who was on the opposite corner of 10th St. and North Patton both saw Tippit coming from the west 10th St. traveling east at a slow speed of about 10-12mph..
Who was Tippit looking for only a few minutes before he was shot on E. 10th St.? We can only make an educated guess based on the evidence we have, but one thing we do know is that the 2 Dallas cops that pulled up on the street in front of Oswald's 1026 North Beckley boarding house after Oswald entered that boarding house at "a little after one," according to housekeeper Mrs. Roberts, was not Tippit. Too many witnesses saw J.D. Tippit in his cop car all by himself at that same time of "a little after one" in other locations in Oak Cliff.
Tippit was in the Carousel Club with Jack Ruby and Bernard Weissman a few days before JFK's Assassination. Ruby knew Tippit and responded so in his Carousel Club when the radio announced that Dallas P.D. Officer J. D. Tippit had just been shot. Tippit was not likely the "Badgeman," who shot at Kennedy from behind the fence on the Grassy Knoll because Tippit, according to his wife, ate lunch that 11-22-63 at home with her. Tippit was seen by the Gloco witnesses at 12:45pm.. which cuts the time table too close to be at the Gloco gas station at 12:45 after the Assassination at 12:31pm.. Even if his wife was incorrect, Tippit would have been one well organized and collected Assassin to shoot at Kennedy in Dealey Plaza and then be acting as an innocent police officer at 12:45 at the Gloco gas station. However, Tippit was not the angel he was made out to be. The Authorities portrayed J.D. Tippit as the "heroic good cop", who was shot down trying to apprehend Kennedy's Assassin, Lee Harvey Oswald. But Oswald didn't shoot Tippit because of at least one reason, Oswald was at his rooming house at a minimum of 1:04pm and across the street from his boarding house at a minimum of 1:08 and Tippit was shot at 1:06pm.. Nor was Tippit law abiding! During the investigation of Tippit's and JFK's murder, the F.B.I. found that Tippit was involved in the illegal drug trade and was committing adultery. Tippit's wife did well, she made over $600,000.00 in 1963 dollars in donations from people making contributions to the bereaved widow of J.D. Tippit.
Also See - Car #10 Where Are You? by Bill Drenas @ http://mcadams.posc.mu.edy/car10.htm . Drenas is a little heavy on the postulating.
Lee Harvey's Neighborhood
What is stunning about Lee Harvey's last neighborhood of Oak Cliff is that so many of the salient characters of the Assassination lived there and also how many events of the Assassination day of 11-22-63 took place within a few small blocks of the Oak Cliff area of Dallas, Texas.
The Davis Sisters lived at the corner house at E. 10th and Patton Ave.. The Davis sisters went to a Dallas Police Line-up and were the witnesses who identified Lee Harvey Oswald running across their front lawn immediately after they heard the gun shots that killed J.D. Tippit. They didn't live there long and had different residences outside of Dallas, Texas in a short 6 months later. When did the Davis sisters actually move? The Davis sisters would also have different last names by 1964. One of the Davis sister that lived on the corner of 10th and Patton had the same phone number as Leona Miller; that phone number shows up in a W/C Exhibit list Leona Miller phone number in Larry Crafard's notebook that Crafard recorded while under the employ of Jack Ruby at the Carousel Club. Leona Miller's phone number "WH 3 - 8120" is the second from bottom on the bottom right page while the Exhibit is rotated at 180 degrees.
Lee Harvey Oswald moved all over the place from June 1962 through November 22-1963. This may have been due to his job which, probably in the final few months before Kennedy's Assassination, was working for the F.B.I. to keep them informed about activities of Anti- Castro activities and plans to Assassinate Kennedy. Lee Harvey Oswald moved to Mrs. Johnson's Rooming House at 1026 North Beckley in the Oak Cliff section of Dallas on October 14, 1963 under the name O.H. Lee. For a guy, who was always without a job and broke, Oswald always seemed to come up with the money for the many apartments that were rented in the approximately 18 months that Oswald lived in, after returning from the Soviet Union, sometimes with his wife, Marina.
But long before living by himself from mid October until November 22, 1963 at Johnson's Rooming House at 1026 North Beckley in Oak Cliff, Lee Harvey Oswald had lived Elsbeth St.in Oak Cliff from 11-3-62 to 3-2-1963 before he and Marina moved around the corner to another address in Oak Cliff at West Neely St. in Oak Cliff from 3-2--63 to 4-24-63. Lee Harvey Oswald and wife Marina, according to the F.B.I. and Warren Commission, then moved separately to New Orleans.
Jack Ruby lived in an apartment in Oak Cliff.
Not far away from Jack Ruby's apartment, was Ruby's stripper employee Kathy K. Coleman's apartment. Coleman's police boyfriend, Dallas P.D. Officer Harry N. Olson, location on 11-22-63 at the time of the Assassination was at an Oak Cliff location where Olson was "guarding" an Estate. While being questioned by Warren Commission Counsel Arlen Specter in 1964, Officer Harry Olson testified that he was guarding an estate on Eighth St. in Oak Cliff, but he could not remember the exact location or address. Olson admitted he knew Officer J.D. Tippit.
A search through the Warren Commission, HSCA, and ARRB, as well as, Warren Commission's F.B.I. Documents yield only one "milk toast" interview by the F.B.I. of JFK Assassination figure, Bernard W. Weissman. Although there is almost no investigation documents on this Weissman, who was present at Ruby's Carousel Club with Officer J.D. Tippit and Ruby on 11-14-63 and was witnessed by Ruby employees in the Carousel Club. A search through the National Archives reveals two F.B.I. documents that provided information that Life Magazine and the December 17, 1963 New York Times, and a newspaper in Texas, published news that Bernard Weissman and Lee Harvey Oswald lived in the same East Dallas Rooming House run by Mrs. Roberts. A credit investigator reported this information about Oswald and Weissman living in Mrs. Roberts Dallas Rooming House in the Oak Cliff Section of Dallas; they had to be living there at the same time because Weissman only arrived in Dallas on November 4, 1963 according to his W/C testimony. That Rooming Housing was at 1026 North Beckley St., in the Oak Cliff section of Dallas.
Bernard Weissman worked a couple of weeks before the JFK Assassination in the Oak Cliff section of Dallas at 2066 South Beckley St. after moving to Dallas on 11-14-63, just coincidentally less than 3 weeks before JFK's Assassination. His employer was Carpet Engineers; Weissman took a quick cover as a carpet salesman but sold nothing.
Tippit was not in his assigned Dallas Police District #78, but in Lee Harvey's neighborhood of Central Oak Cliff of Dallas P.D. Patrol District # 91 where Tippit was gun down on 10th St. Tippit was waiting at the most northern section of Dallas P.D. District #91 at Gloco gas station, not far from Oswald's neighborhood of Oak Cliff, 15 minutes after JFK was Assassinated. That Gloco gas station was about a 1 1/2 mile from the TSBD and location of Dealey Plaza.
What was also discovered is that J.D. Tippit was well known in the area of Oak Cliff which was not his beat. Tippit's beat was Dallas P.D. District #78 not District #91 which was Oak Cliff, including Lee Harvey Oswald's new neighborhood and the District where Tippit was shot on 10th St.. The cab driver Scoggins testified before the Warren Commission that he had seen police officer Tippit in the area many times; Scoggins testified at the Warren Commission that "I noticed he (Tippit in his cop car) stopped... I didn't pay much attention to the man (Tippit), just used to see him everyday." The Warren Commission, as usual, did not do as required and ask Scoggins the cab driver, who was parked at the corner of 10th and Patton when Tippit was shot, how he saw him (Tippit) everyday. Mrs. Helen Markham, an Oak Cliff resident, referred to Tippit as the "friendly cop" as did Jimmy Earl Burt, who also said that "Tippit was frequently seen in the neighborhood". One of the Davis sisters, Jeanette, who lived on the corner house at Patton and E. 10th also stated that she knew the cop who got shot; Jeanette Davis indicated that Officer J.D. Tippit lived two doors down from her. Specifically, Virginia Davis testified at the Warren Commission that after hearing gun shots she looked out of her apartment and "we just saw a police car sitting on the side of the road. It was parked between the hedge that marks the apartment house where he lives in and the house next door." The Warren Commission failed to ask their witness, Virginia Davis, about her statement that he (Tippit) lived two doors down from her. There were 5 witnesses at the Gloco Gas station who all knew Tippit even though that Gloco was not in Tippit's District #78.
But that's not all that occurred in Lee Harvey's neighborhood of Oak Cliff. The owner and clerk at Top Ten Records had seen Tippit come into their record store on previous occasions to use the phone while Tippet was on duty.
How is it that so many people in Dallas Police District #91 of Oak Cliff knew J.D. Tippit? Tippit was only in that District #91 for about 20 minutes due to the Dallas dispatcher's call and order at 12:45pm., to move from his assigned Police District #78 to District #91. Why was Tippit in that neighborhood he died in? The same neighborhood that Jeanette Davis stated during her Warren Commission testimony that was the location where "Tippit was parked in front of the house where he lived."
Lee Harvey had just moved into the Oak Cliff section of Dallas at a 1026 N. Beckley St. rooming house, and Tippit died in the street in Oak Cliff a few days later. Both J.D. Tippit and Lee Harvey Oswald frequented the Dobbs House Restaurant which was located at 1221 N. Beckley; according to statements received by the F.B.I. for the Warren Commission, both Lee Harvey Oswald and J.D. Tippit frequented the Dobbs House Restaurant in the morning during the days before the JFK Assassination. Dobbs House owner, Sam Rogers, and employees Douglas Leake, see pg. 2 of Leake F.B.I. interview, and waitress Dolores Harrison all confirmed seeing Lee Harvey Oswald at the Dobbs House Restaurant in the few days before the JFK Assassination. Dobbs House waitress, Mary Ada Dowling, stated to the F.B.I. that J.D. Tippit was not just a regular for breakfast at the Dobbs House Restaurant but it was his habit to be there for breakfast. Dobbs House was at 1221 N. Beckley St. and located 6 miles northwest from the closest point to Tippit's assigned Police District #78 and about 15 minutes away by police car. Dobbs House Restaurant waitress, Mary Ada Dowling told the F.B.I. that on November 20, 1963 that Lee Harvey Oswald was in the restaurant at 10:00am. at the same time D.P.D. Officer J.D. Tippit was having breakfast. Dowling stated that Oswald was complaining and the Officer Tippit gave Oswald a "dirty look". Lee Harvey Oswald's boss at the Texas School Book Depository, Roy Truly, reported to the F.B.I. that Oswald was at work in the TSBD at 10:00am. on 11-20-63. Is this another case of "Double Oswalds"? And isn't it strange that D.P.D. J.D. Tippit made it a "habit" of eating breakfast while on duty at Dobbs House which was so far out of his assigned District #78. And once again, we see the Oak Cliff section of Dallas loaded with JFK Assassination characters, this time in the form of Tippit and Oswald eating at the same restaurant in Oak Cliff 2 days before the Government alleges that Oswald shot Tippit dead on an Oak Cliff St..
Dallas P.D. Officer Harry Olsen - could not remember where he was when JFK Assassinated just around the corner
Dallas P.D. Officer Harry N. Olsen was working private duty guarding an "estate" on 8th St., just around the corner from E. 10th St., on 11-22-63, where J.D. Tippit was shot. Olson was a friend of J.D. Tippit's, and had at 11-22-63, worked as a D.P.D. patrolman for 5 1/2 years. Olsen's girlfriend, Kathy Coleman (aka Kathy Kay) lived around the corner, as per map, on 325 N. Ewing St.. Kathy Kay worked as a stripper for Jack Ruby, who also lived 4 blocks down the street from Kathy K. on S. Ewing in the neighborhood where Oswald lived and Tippit was killed. Many JFK Researchers try to implicate Olson in the JFK Assassination and Tippit's death, but it seems irrefutable that Olsen had a broken knee cap at 11-22-63 and was lucky to be able to do private guard duty at the estate on 8th St.. Olsen, per his Warren Commission testimony, and Kathy Kay, had a long conversation with Jack Ruby on the early morning of 11-23-63 at a parking garage around the corner from Ruby's Carousel Club.
Olsen was fired by D.P.D. Chief Curry in December of 1963, not even a month after the Kennedy Assassination. Olsen admitted he knew Jack Ruby for 3 years per his W/C testimony. In fact, D.P.D. Harry Olsen knew Jack Ruby well enough to go ice Skating with him and two of Ruby's dancers, including girlfriend Kathy Kay; it was Jack Ruby, while ice skating, who broke Olsen's knee cap. See Ian Griggs "Search for a Stripper", 1998, p. 29.
Olsen's W/C testimony indicates a D.P.D. motorcycle cop got Olsen the "estate" guarding job for the day of 11-22-63, only. The U.S. President's presence on 11-22-63 made no availability of police officers to take the alleged guarding of the "estate" , so Olsen filled in. Olsen could not remember the name of the Dallas motorcycle cop who he filled in for on that 11-22-63 "guarding an estate" on Eighth St.
During Olsen's Warren Commission testimony, Vol. XIV, seven months after the Assassination on August 6, 1964, he could not remember the "estate" (house) on Eighth St. that he was guarding, nor could Olsen remember the address of that "estate" that he indicated was owned by an elderly woman, whose name he did not know. Olsen did give testimony that the "estate" was off of Stemmons and 4 blocks from his girlfriend, Kathy Kay's, apartment on N. Ewing causing it to be one of several houses located on this map in the yellow highlighted area of Eigth St.. Now, if someone back in 1963-1964 really wanted to know which house was empty or owned by an elderly woman at that part of Eighth St., the real estate deeds would have so disclosed; the process could have eliminated the possibility to about 4 houses on the north side of 8th St.. The area utility and phone company records, as well as, Dallas City records would narrow the answer to the "mystery estate" to a scientific certainty. Then, the F.B.I. could have started interviewing/investigating the people that popped up on those searches, and don't forget to investigate the neighbors who would be petrified of the F.B.I.'s JFK Assassination and be happy to cooperate. None of these simple sundry searches or interviews were done by the F.B.I. or anyone else, at least according to Warren Commission and all Government Investigations of the the Kennedy Assassination. The Warren Commission did not act like they were sincerely interested in revealing what Officer Harry Olsen was doing on 11-22-63 or what house or "estate" he was guarding on Eighth St. because when his girlfriend, Kathy Coleman (aka Kathy Kay), testified before the Warren Commission they didn't bother to ask her the address or exact location or description of the house/"estate" where, per her testimony, she visited her boyfriend Harry Olsen on Eighth St. shortly after Kennedy was shot. For that matter, they Warren Commission never tried to get a hint about the exact location or address of the "estate" Olsen was guarding by asking him for a description of the house.
Here is what is even stranger, everybody who was alive at 11-22-63 and was over the age of 8 remembers where they were and what they were doing when Kennedy was Assassinated. But not D.P.D. Officer Harry Olsen, who was less than a mile from the location where his friend J.D. Tippit was killed on 10th St. and less than 2 miles from the TSBD and Dealey Plaza! This cop, Olsen, was hiding something and that is what caused his lapse of memory as to which house (estate) he was "guarding", as well as, pretending to forget all the other related details that would reveal the exact house he was "guarding." Olsen's lapse of memory as to the house he was guarding on Eighth St. when Kennedy was Assassinated has caused many to speculate that the "estate" he was guarding on 8th St. was a safe house for Tippit's murderer(s). The alley that ran parallel behind houses on 10th and E. Jefferson Ave. also would have provided a direct route to the area on Eighth St. that Officer Olson described as being the location of the "estate he was guarding" on 11-22-63. Tippit's car was parked between the two houses on 10th St. where he was shot; those two houses, 404 and 410 E. 10th St., are separated by an alley that runs into the alley that runs parallel and between E. 10th and E. Jefferson Ave.
Also revealing, during Officer Harry Olsen's W/C testimony on page 632, we have yet another witness close to Jack Ruby who confirms that Ruby knew Officer J.D. Tippit. As above, D.P.D. Harry Olsen was a friend of fellow Dallas Police Officer J. D. Tippit and knew Jack Ruby well.
Was Officer Harry Olsen really guarding anything that 11-22-63, or was he functioning in a totally different capacity around the corner from 10th St. where J.D. Tippit was killed? Why would one of the crappy, or at best modest, houses in the Oak Cliff area of Dallas need to be guarded. And during the day time, no less? That area of Dallas was all white people at 1963. Whether the house was empty or inhabited by an "old lady" it does not make any sense at all that the Dallas Police were being paid to "guard an estate" in the Oak Cliff section of Dallas in the daytime.
Kathy Kay would relocate to Long Beach, California in 1964 after marrying former, D.P.D. Officer Harry Coleman. Her marriage to Harry Coleman would be short lived and there were rumors that she had died. However, one researcher, Ian Griggs, claims he found her in San Francisco and that she had a new name and husband, but something happened to JFK Researcher - Griggs that convinced him not to even disclose her address or phone number that he claims he learned through his investigation . After trying to make contact with the former Kathy Coleman (aka Kathy Kay) he decided it was better off for everybody involved if he left her alone. What caused the JFK Researcher to pass on Kathy Kay? He was scared to say and none of the other multitude of JFK Researchers make attempt to interview her. See Ian Griggs "Search for a Stripper", 1998, p. 31.
According to an F.B.I. report taken by agents Jesus Homero and John Erwin at Casselberry in Florida on 9-3-76 (that's right 13 years later) of an interview of Wally Weston, the former Carousel Club emcee/comedian, Kathy Coleman was present at a meeting three weeks after the JFK Assassination. Weston said that during this meeting he was talking to Kathy Coleman in the presence of Billy Willis (a drummer at the Carousel Club), about Jack Ruby shooting Lee Harvey Oswald. During this conversation Weston reported that Kathy Kay had danced with the man who shot John Kennedy about a month before the Assassination. This was about a week before Weston slugged a customer who called Weston a Communist while Weston was working on stage at the Carousel Club; Kathy Kay remarked during this same meeting that it was the same man (danced with Kathy Kay and Weston slugged because he called him a Communist) that shot President Kennedy. See Ian Griggs "Search for a Stripper", 1998, p. 30. This Web Site was unable to locate F.B.I. Homero and Erwin's report from Weston and relies on Griggs citation on page 30 of his article above.
Igor "Turk" Vaganov - a "coincidental visitor" from Philadelphia complete with guns a few block from Tippit's death
Who else lived in the Dallas neighborhood of Oak Cliff that was the location of Ruby's and Oswald's residences and marked the murder scene of Officer J.D. Tippit? On 11-22-63, Igor Vaganov lived in an apartment Building at 815 Sunset Ave., only a few blocks from E. 10th St. where Tippit was shot. Who? The more you research the events of the JFK Assassination, the deeper the evidence gets and the more questions are left unanswered because the Authorities didn't want the evidence produced that would have answered those questions. Or, the Authorities destroyed or killed that evidence.
At 1963, 25 year old, Igor Vaganov is another "mystery man" of the JFK Assassination, at least he was a mystery to all the Government JFK Assassination Investigative bodies, including the Warren Commission, HSCA and ARRB. There was never a word mentioned about Igor Vaganov by those 3 JFK Investigative Authorities, let alone testimony from Vanganov, who died in 2006 in Pennsylvania. However, the F.B.I. and Secret Service knew Vaganov lived in the "Oak Cliff Apartments" a few blocks from the location that Officer J.D. Tippit was shot at E. 10th and Patton Sts. on 11-22-63, and the F.B.I. even got a search warrant for Vaganov's residence in "Oak Cliff Apartments" at 815 Sunset Drive in time to find he had a high powered rifle complete with a telescopic sight (scope) and a Colt .38 revolver.
Compounding the mystery is that Vaganov was no Texan. He was, according to his wife, Anne Vaganov, during an 11-24-63 F.B.I. interview, born in Russia in 1937 (some accounts say Latvia) before World War II started in 1939. Vaganov is theorized by researchers and authors to be Russian and a Neo-Nazi, but he has the wrong date of birth and name for such labels as Neo-Nazi. Vaganov spoke 4 languages, including Russian and English, Spanish, and German. See JFK Researcher, Mark Bridger's, treatise on Igor Vaganov for the source and corresponding citations of evidentiary support for this paragraph and following.
Igor "Turk" Vaganov agreed to be interviewed by Esquire Magazine's John Berendt and his story was published in the August, 1967 of Esquire Magazine, entitled, "If They've Found Another Assassin, Let Them Name Names and Produce Their Evidence" .
Warning: The article from the August 1967 Esquire Magazine on Igor Vaganov and his escapades in and around Dallas, Texas and during 11-22-63 was provided this Web Site by the Boston, Mass. Public Library's interlibrary loan system. The Boston Public Library made copies of that Esquire article and sent it to this Web Site. However, in order to make it another knot to untie, like everything else about the Kennedy Assassination, the librarian enlarged the original print, instead of shrinking the pages of the article and maintaining page continuity. That shrunken version would have read perfectly on the Internet, but the librarian chose to enlarge each page of the multi-page Esquire article on Vaganov and cause a disorderly sequence of the pages which this researcher ordered with letters A-Z and then numbers 1-12. Just follow the "Go To" instructions A-Z and then 1-12 and blame the librarian. The August issue of Esquire Magazine showing Sharon Tate on the cover is for sale, allegedly, on a web site at the price of $21.00. Possibly Esquire Magazine would be interested in such a purchase because Esquire, according to numerous JFK researchers, does not have a copy of that August 1967 issue in its archives. Esquire most likely was made to feel less than comfortable and got a taste of the New American Police State for publishing that article on Vaganov. Or, possibly Esquire can get a copy from the Boston Public Library in what used to be Copley Square.
A little historic tid bit; Sharon Tate would be dead 2 years after appearing on that cover of Esquire Magazine. No, Ms. Tate was not a victim of the JFK Cover-Up murderers, she was killed by the notorious Manson gang. Tate's husband Roman Polanski escaped death that summer day of 1969 as he was romancing a 13 year old girl. Polanski fled to Paris, France in 1970 where he has lived to this day in order to avoid prosecution by California Authorities for rape of a child.
Vagonov moved to Germany at 2 or 3 years old with his mother. His father, according to the Esquire article, died during World War II without any further details. Vaganov's mother worked for the British Government after the war and immigrated to the United States in August of 1949 from Bremerhaven, Germany. Igor Vaganov became a U.S. citizen on December 13th of 1954. Igor joined the U.S. Navy in January of 1959 (serial no. 532-02-67), serving 4 1/2 years and leaving the U.S. Navy on July of 1963. It is more likely that as per other accounts including the Esquire interview of 1967 that Vaganov left the U.S. Navy about 1961 and two years prior to the JFK Assassination.
After leaving the Navy in July of 1963, Vaganov lived in Philadelphia in 1963 working as a credit manager for General Electric Credit Corporation outside Philadelphia. Vaganov during September of 1963 began hanging out at Doc Ornesteen's drugstore in Village Green, PA. a few miles south of his home, mixing with CB radio operators. Ornesteen claimed that Vaganov had an expensive sonar two-way CB radio. Another local, Robert Bryant, while agreeing that "Vaganov was capable around radios" refused to allow Vaganov to join the Civil Defense Unit because they believed Vaganov's CB radio in his 1962 T-Bird was "modified" and had excess output which allowed Vaganov to broadcast over a large area of the city. Another local CB radio operator, Frank Willis, was also a gun enthusiast and he recalled that "Vaganov was a superb marksman." Willis recalled that at 100 yards Vaganov fired 4 shots with his high powered rifle and put 4 holes in the target that could all be covered by a half dollar.
Vaganov suddenly requested a transfer to Dallas, Texas near the end of September of 1963. Vaganov's boss, Joe Hart, refused the requested transfer and the requests made by Vaganov that followed. The requests for a transfer by Vaganov became more frequent and obsessive, according to Esquire Magazine. Vaganov was never granted his transfer, so on November 5, 1963, Vaganov left his good paying job at GE Credit Corp. in his 1962 red Thunderbird and went to Dallas Texas. But before he left for Dallas, Texas he grabbed his girl friend, Anne Dulin, the soda fountain girl at Ornesteen's Drug Store. Vaganov sold his furniture and with $800.00, his guns, and CB radio started south. On November 7, 1963, the already divorced earlier in '63 from a prior wife of 2 years, while he was in the Navy, Vaganov married Anne in South Carolina (evidently there were no license waiting periods).
Anne Vaganov described the rest of the journey to Dallas. They stopped at Georgia for one night in a Holiday Inn at Haperville and then on Saturday, November 9, 1963 they stayed one night in the Holiday Inn at Meridian, Mississippi under the name of Roger Vagnaniv. The next day they spent a night, Sunday the 10th, at another Holiday Inn in Ruston, Louisiana. The final leg of the trip was to a "city unknown" to new wife, Anne, in Oklahoma where they stayed for 15 minutes, visiting a man who referred to Vaganov as "Vance." Anne learned from Igor that he had worked for that man when he (Vaganov) was 16 years old. They arrived in Dallas on Monday, November 11th, and spent their first night at Eastern Hills.
The newly married couple found their Oak Cliff apartment at 815 Sunset Ave., immediately, on 11-12-63, and according to the landlord, Claude W. Sharp, paid a month's rent of $100 and $30 security in advance. This newly found residence, after traveling all over the U.S.A. in few days, landed the Vaganov couple in the neighborhood of Jack Ruby and Lee Harvey Oswald and Tippit's murder scene at 10th and Patton, all 10 days before before JFK's and Tippit's murder.
Ann's stepfather, Stan Zukowski, of Village Green PA. contacted Larry Houke, a juvenile officer of Conroe, Texas (town north of Houston) stating his concerns about Anne going to Dallas with Vaganov. Anne's sister, Mrs. Joan Anthis, lived in Conroe and presumably Zukowski contacted Houke through her.
The next seminal point of Igor Vaganov' activities was at Alamo Dry Cleaners, on 11-16-63, at 116 South Tyler, Oak Cliff when Igor's demeanor while picking up laundry he left on the 12th caused the clerk to call the F.B.I.. According to Bea Collins, the Alamo clerk, not only was Vaganov so nervous to cause her concern but Vaganov stated he was a Russian national visiting friends in Dallas. The F.B.I. deemed no action necessary.
According to his wife, Anne, Igor Vaganov, during those few days in Dallas between the 12th and JFK's Assassination on 11-22-63, was never home during the day, but according to the landlord, the Sharps, Igor left his apartment everyday in a suit and tie and returned every day at 5:00pm.. Vaganov later told the F.B.I. that he had a job offer at the Texas Consumer Finance Company at 1310 Commerce Street. JFK Researcher and Texas newspaper man, Penn Jones, reveals that Igor Vaganov only worked 2 days in Dallas, for the Texas Consumer Finance at 1310 Commerce St. that was located in the same building as Jack Ruby's Carousel Club which was upstairs at 1312 Commerce St.. That's right, Texas Consumer Finance was on the first floor and Ruby's Carousel Club was on the second floor of the same building. Researcher, Penn Jones, further claimed that his investigation found that Jack Ruby would hang out in the Texas Consumer Finance office and frequently have their employees up for coffee.
Penn Jones also claimed that Lee Harvey Oswald had previously worked for several weeks at the Texas Consumer Finance Company. Vaganov worked his last day at the Finance Company on 11-21-63.
According to the August 1967 Esquire Article title "If They've Found Another Assassin, Let Them Name Names and Produce Their Evidence" by John Berendt, on about Tuesday, November 19th, a short dark-haired, heavy-set man in his late thirties came to Oak Cliff Apartments looking for Vaganov, but the landlord's wife, Mrs. Sharp, told him that Vaganov was out. Vaganov later told his wife, Anne, that the visitor was a man called "Mike" who was connected to the C.I.A..
On Thursday, November 21, Anne called her "sister" in Conroe, Texas and told her that "Turk was up to something horrible", but she would not elaborate. It was this complaint by Anne about Vaganov that caused the F.B.I. to be at his door at 3:35pm. on the afternoon of 11-22-63 after Kennedy and Tippit were dead. The "sister" contacted her man, Hauke, the juvenile officer at Conroe, who in turn reported that Vaganov's wife, Anne exclaimed "Turk was up to something horrible", and added that Vaganov's in-laws believe Vaganov maybe involved in the JFK Assassination. 50 years have gone by and there have been interviews by JFK Researchers, but it is still unknown what the "horrible thing" was that Anne complained of about husband, Turk.
On Assassination day of 11-22-63, Igor the "Turk" Vaganov changed his habit in Dallas. Allegedly, Igor slept until 10am.. Mr. Claude Sharp, the landlord, said at 12:45 he saw Vaganov coming down the apartment complex stairs. Mr. Sharp told Vaganov of the the Assassination. Vaganov went back to his apartment and told Anne that JFK was Assassinated and then he left 5 minutes later to go to the Republic National Bank of Texas in Dallas. The Republic National Bank said there was no activity on Vaganov's account that day of 11-22-63. The F.B.I. report has Vaganov leaving his apartment between 12:45pm. and 12:50pm.. There doesn't seem to be any comment by Anne as to where her husband, Igor, was in the morning and up until 12:45pm. on 11-22-63.
Another tenant at Oak Cliff Apartments, who was leaving his home from a lunch break, after hearing that JFK was killed, said that he saw Igor Vaganov and told him about the Assassination; the neighbor said "Vaganov looked at him kind of funny." Both this tenant and Mrs. Sharp , the landlord, said that Vaganov was wearing khaki trousers and a light colored jacket.
Mrs. Acquilla Clemons, who was a domestic working at 327 E. 10th St., said that two men were at the scene of the Tippit Murder; "one a short heavy-set who waved-off another man she described as "tall and thin wearing khaki trousers and a white shirt."
Was Acquilla Clemons describing Vaganov and his visitor, "Mike", who was connected with the C.I.A.? Clemons was visited by Dallas Police and told to "keep quiet about what she saw or she would get hurt." But Clemons was far from being the only witness warned by the Authorities about their observations and related evidence in Dallas on 11-22-63.
According to the Warren Commission the man who shot Officer J.D. Tippit on E. 10th St. ran south on Patton and up an alley that runs parallel between E. 10th St. and Jefferson Ave. and through his jacket under an Oldsmobile parked in a Texaco Gas Station lot on Jefferson Blvd.
In the mid - 1960's, Gaeton Fonzi (Fonzi would become an investigator for the HSCA in the late '70's) initiated investigation on the jacket (initially described as white by the Dallas P.D.) that was allegedly thrown under a car in the Texaco lot on E. Jefferson Blvd. by the Tippit killer for Fonzi's article Loose Ends published in the January 1967 issue of The Greater Philadelphia Magazine. The jacket had laundry tickets on it which the Dallas Police claimed they could not trace to any laundry in over 700 Laundries in Dallas-Fort Worth and New Orleans. Oswald it was claimed by his alleged wife, Marina, never used Laundries but everything was hand washed. Fonzi contacted the manufacturer of the abandoned jacket at the Texaco, Maurice Holman of California, and they told him that most of their distribution was on the West Coast, but they had previously used a large East Coast store, Strawbridge & Clothier of Philadelphia, PA. The jacket at the Texaco was found by the Dallas Police at 1:25pm. just an hour and a half after two witnesses at Vaganov's apartment complex saw him wearing a light colored jacket and Khaki trousers. And just as Acquilla Clemons witnessed one of the two men at the Tippit murder scene wearing khaki colored pants.
When Vaganov was interviewed by Esquire Magazine he admitted using Dry Cleaners or Laundries. Vaganov also claimed that at the time of the Tippit Murder, a little after one o' clock, he (Vaganov) was around the corner changing his tire and he used his Texaco credit card to pay the bill. This is just too coincidental. The Texaco on E. Jefferson Blvd. and Crawford St. is about a mile from Vaganov's Dallas residence at Oak Cliff Apartments.
The closest witness to the Tippit murder was Domingo Benavides, who would never identify Lee Harvey Oswald as Tippit's killer. That is the reason Benavides was not invited, on 11-22-63 or later, to the Dallas P.D. to view a line up to identify Tippit's killer. But Benavides during testimony before the Warren Commission stated that there was a red Ford approximately 6 car lengths in front of him as he (Benavides) sat in his truck about 15' away on E. 10th St. watching J.D. Tippit get gunned down. Igor Vaganov drove a 1962 red Thunderbird; a Thunderbird was model manufactured by Ford. After initially declining to identify Oswald as the Tippit killer, Benavides would months later testify before the Warren Commission and the Commission settled with Benavides testifying that Tippit's killer "resembled" Oswald. But during his W/C testimony, Benavides physical description of Tippit's killer was not a description of Lee Harvey Oswald. By the summer of 1964 the witnesses to both the Kennedy and Tippit murder were learning the penalties for exposing the truthful evidence they witnessed on 11-22-63. Death!
The Dallas Police provided incriminating evidence against Vaganov. In an internal DPD memo from Detective H. M. Hart (Criminal Intelligence) to Captain Pat Gannaway, head of Special Service Bureau, there contained information from a confidential informant "indicating that a red convertible was parked in the street in front of Jack Ruby's residence at the time Officer Tippit was shot."
Here's more incriminating evidence. Esquire Magazine in 1967 sent an investigator to show Domingo Benavides a picture of Igor Vaganov. Benavides responded when shown Vaganov's picture, "I know him, I'm sure I've seen him before but I don't know where." Then Esquire Magazine arranged to have the two men meet face to face; Benavides responded when seeing Vaganov in person, "Yuh, I've seen him" and Vaganov responded, "Well I've seen him too" though neither man would say where they saw each other. By 1967 with all the police threats and JFK witness murders, all witnesses understood that under such circumstances as arranged by Esquire Magazine between Vaganov and Benavides that they could never disclose any truth about the events in Dallas on 11-22-63 that killed Tippit and Kennedy.
Benavides added that the red Ford he saw on 10th St. had a white convertible top. Vaganov's red Ford T-Bird had a white convertible top.
According to the Esquire Magazine article of August 1967, Vaganov left his apartment at 12:50pm. and returned an hour and half later at 2:20pm.. When Anne told him that a Dallas Police Officer was shot she said, "he seemed to know it." Anne said they then got in his car and drove past 10th and Patton Sts., crossed the Trinity River and went on to the Kennedy Assassination site, returning at 4:30pm. moments after Mrs. Sharp had told F.B.I. agents, Hall and Abernathy, that Vaganov was out.
Two F.B.I. agents were waiting for Vaganov and his wife at Oak Cliff Apartments when they arrived from Vaganov's tour of the high points of the Kennedy and Tippit murders a few hours earlier in Dallas. Vaganov was cordial and let them in his apartment, they looked at his two guns, copied the serial numbers and left. No ballistics, no testing to determine if either the rifle or .38 pistol were just fired. Vaganov denied any involvement in Kennedy's Assassination.
Vaganov didn't hang around Dallas after Kennedy was killed. Vaganov left his new wife, Anne, at the Oak Cliffs Apt. Complex that evening of 11-22-63 with a promise he would be back, while also stating he was "going to straighten things out." Vaganov took his rifle got in his new Ford Thunderbird and went right back to Philadelphia. Once in Philadelphia, on the 24th, he hid his T-Bird in a friend's garage and then started driving a new 1964 Corvette String Ray. Vaganov also disposed of his rifle, never to be seen again. Igor, according to Anne, left his .38 revolver in their apartment and did not take it to Philadelphia.
Once Igor left Dallas for Philadelphia, Anne claimed to be suspicious and scared of the current events and went through Igor's coat pockets and found items that could be described as unusual.
She found a King of Spades playing card, torn in half with staple holes at the top.
She found a long distance telephone call receipt from the Holiday Inn, Hapeville, Georgia.
She found a 3" x 3" piece of paper with the following notations:
EL 6-6111
E.STRAZDS
ARVIDS
JZAKS
(the J in JZAKS should have two dots above it)
With that additional coded information from Igor's pocket forwarded to the F.B.I. by his wife Anne, the F.B.I. and Secret Service closed the file on Igor Vaganov on 12-3-63. The last thing the Government of LBJ wanted was any evidence to surface that could cause doubt about the "Lone Crazed Gunman' who did all the killing in Dallas on 11-22-63.
Here is admission evidence against Igor Vaganov. By 1-1-1966, Igor Vaganov was in prison in San Diego, California for passing bad checks. By April of 1966 he was transferred to the Parole Board's supervision in Pennsylvania where he lived with his mother. In 1967 Vaganov claimed the whole thing in Dallas and his presence was "just a coincidence". He claimed he never left his apartment on 11-22-63 until after questioned by the F.B.I.. He admitted to the prison sentence in California, but when pressed by his now ex-wife, Anne, how he managed to get released from a long prison sentence in a few months, he simply said, "Well, between you and me, the Government."
When asked what that meant, Vaganov said: "The Government can do a lot for you." The reader is left to determine what that exactly means. It not hard, and can only mean one thing, Vaganov was owed a favor by the Government. Instead of killing him, they got him out of prison in short time; it also means he was important to somebody in the "higher influence peddling" status back in the 1960's.
A review of his mother's activity during World War II (moved to Germany during the war years from Latvia and then immediately after the War ended worked for the British Government on the British Isle would indicate she was a spy for the Allied Forces. Her son, Igor, would have been killed by JFK Cover-up forces for his excessive publicity causing evidence to be revealed about the truth of the events in Dallas on 11-22-63. Instead, Igor Vaganov received repeated "special dispensation" for exposing his activities on and preceding 11-22-63 probably because his family was Jewish spy family with important political connections still in place in the mid-60's.
Like so many of the people that surface as being participants in some part of the JFK Murder Conspiracy and its Cover-Up there is enough circumstantial evidence to convict Vaganov of Conspiracy to Murder Officer J.D. Tippit. There are many men in Prisons in the U.S.A. for the rest of their lives with less circumstantial evidence being presented in a court of law to convict them than has been made public against Vaganov. Who knows how much evidence the Authorities obtained against Vaganov and destroyed or concealed? If the police or F.B.I. did the required investigation of Vaganov surrounding his participation of the JFK and Tippit murders it is likely they would have acquired more incriminating evidence against Vaganov and his Co-conspirators. However, the difference is that no matter how much evidence is produced against any person as being involved in the Kennedy Conspiracy the Authorities void the evidence because the truth can never be allowed; the Government Authorities have an interest in maintaining that a Lone Crazed Gunman, with no motive, gunned down JFK and Officer J.D. Tippit in Dallas, Texas on 11-22-63. The Authorities' interest is that they are the murderers of Tippit and Kennedy and their murder must be protected.
The Tippit Shooting Witnesses - two men murdered Officer Tippit - one was "short, stocky with dark hair" - carrying an Automatic Pistol
1. Initially, Mrs. Helen Markham, who saw and claimed to be the closest witness to the shooting of Dallas Police Officer, Tippit, described Tippit's killer to reporters as being "short and chunky". Although, Helen Markham claimed to be only 50 feet away, she was actually 150 feet away. She was at the corner of N. Patton and E. 10th St.. Tippit was killed on E. 10th St. in front of 404 and 410 E. 10th St.
Another Warren Commission photo of Markham's view of the Tippit Murder on E. 10th St.
Kennedy Assassination Researcher, Mark Lane, interviewed Markham, and as a result, Lane was asked to testify before the Warren Commission as to what she told Lane. Lane testified before the Warren Commission, Vol. II pgs. 32-61, that Markham told him that the Tippit's shooter was a "man was short, not too heavy, a little heavy, maybe 150-160 lbs. and had slightly bushy, uncombed hair. This hardly describes a svelte Lee Harvey Oswald whose hair seemed to be combed, yet thin and receding. Further, the Lee Harvey Oswald that the Dallas P.D. arrested on 11-22-63 was 71 inches, not short.
Chairman of the Warren Commission and Chief Justice of the U.S. Supreme Court, Earl Warren, accused Attorney Mark Lane of committing perjury; Warren decided to believe their star witness, Markham, who testified differently before the Commission, over Lane. Lane protested and after a few legal maneuvers was called back to the Warren Commission on July 2, 1964, W/C Vol. V pgs.546-561, with the tape recording he made of Markham when he interviewed her. The tape was played for Markham and revealed for the Commission just as Lane had initially testified regarding her description of the Tippit's shooter (as above paragraph). Initially, Markham denied she said anything that Lane had on tape while admitting it was her voice. Finally, she admitted to the content of the "Lane tape recording" which corroborated Lane's testimony of Markham's description which was anything but identifying Lee Harvey Oswald as Tippit's murderer.
Mrs. Helen Markham was the Warren Commission's star witness, testifying 3-26-64 (W/C Vol. III), concerning the murder of Officer Tippit. Markham claimed and testified she saw the entire Tippit murder episode right on the street in front of her house. Markham describes Tippit slowing down his police car while approaching the back of a man, who was walking on the sidewalk. Markham further testified that "this man casually approached Tippit's police car and leaned on the door/window ledge as an arm rest while talking to the Tippit who had the window down." Markham testified that "Tippit was alone and remained seated behind the wheel of his car." She described the other man, who she would later identify as Oswald, "throw up his arms and leaned back and then stepped back about two steps from the police car." She then testified, "the police officer got out of his car slowly and demonstrated no anger. Once out of the car, she heard three gun shots and the policeman fell to the ground."
Markham then testified that the gunman "just walked calmly, fooling with his gun."
Markham testified that he didn't run and that as he left she put her hands over her face and closed her eyes and gradually opened her fingers and opened her eyes and that is when he started to trot.
Then Markham is, at her best, and becomes a worthless witness when testifying before the Warren Commission.
Markham is asked by Warren Commission Counsel - William Ball, if she went to a police lineup three hours after the killing of Tippit that included a lineup of 4 men. She replied in the affirmative.
Then she was asked 6 times by, William Ball, if she identified a man in the police lineup as the man she saw kill Tippit. And SIX TIMES the Warren Commission's star witness, Helen Markham, said NO!
Finally, after repeated leading and badgering, Warren Commission's Counsel, Ball, gets Markham to say she "picked number two in the lineup as the man who killed Tippit. "After a few more questions she testified that she was "not sure if it was the man who shot Tippit." She then testified that she was not sure it was the number two man in the lineup, so she asked for a side view. She testified that she "said number two and fell over."
Number 2 in the Dallas P. D. lineup on that evening of 11-22-63 was Lee Harvey Oswald.
She did volunteer some evidence which is that he had a light short grayish light tan jacket and dark trousers. The number two man in the 4 man lineup that Markham chose had on a light shirt and dark trousers.
But she ended her testimony saying, "she was sure!" But not before she testified the Tippit's shooter had "black hair". Oswald did not have black hair.
Markham had also given statements to the police that Tippit tried to speak to her and that she was alone with Tippit for twenty minutes before he died. But according to the many other witness accounts of the large crowd gathered instantly at the location on 10th St. where Tippit was laying, "Tippit died instantly from a head wound." The ambulance arrived at 1:15pm. (According to the Official Government Account). No witness or evidence supported Markham's testimony of her talking to Tippit and being alone with him for 20 minutes before he died.
Markham was a complete Baboon of a witness and absolutely worthless for identifying Oswald as the Tippit murderer. The nonsensical testimony and statements, as above, speak for themselves. Senior Counsel for the Warren Commission, Ball, even knew she worthless. Ball labeled her an "utter screwball" and dismissed her as being "utterly unreliable" which was the exact opposite of Warren Report verdict. The Warren Commission found Helen Markham a reliable witness.
There is another problem for the Government and the Warren Commission's Decree that Lee Harvey gunned down Officer Tippit. Per affidavit signed by star witness Helen Markham, she saw the Tippit's shooting at approximately "1:06pm. while standing at the bus stop at E. 10th and Patton when a squad car stopped ....where she was standing." Under oath Markham's during her Warren Commission testimony she stated that Tippit was shot 6-7 minutes after 1:00pm.. She was walking from her home to catch a 1:15 pm. bus that stopped at Patton Ave. and Jefferson Blvd. which was two blocks away. See W/C Vol. III, p. 306.
This timing conformation by Helen Markham of 1:06 ties in with the Dallas Methodist Hospital Record which states Tippit was pronounced dead at that Hospital at 1:15pm after being picked up by an ambulance and transported from 10th street and examined by medical people who tried to revive him.
1a. T.F. Bowley confirmed this timing of approximately 1:06pm as the time of Tippit's shooting. He stated, per Affidavit, he signed on 11-22-63 for the Dallas Police that he was driving past Tippit's police car on 10th street and saw Tippit laying in the street surrounded by citizens. He stated, per that Affidavit, that he checked his watch and it was 1:10pm. That's right, at 1:06pm. Tippit was already dead on 10th St. and there was time for a crowd to gather around the crime scene.
1b. Mrs. Higgins, who lived with her husband at 417 East 10th st. and was noted by JFK Researchers as one the neighbors who lived in the immediate proximity to Tippit's murder, at between 405 and 410 10th St., and was deliberately ignored by the Dallas Police, F. B. I. and Warren Commission. According to Assassination Researcher, Ernest Barry and his 2010 book, "The Girl on the Stairs: My Search for a Missing Witness to the Assassination of JFK", p. 90-91, during interview with Mrs. Higgins she stated that the Tippit's shooting was at 1:06 and that the man on TV, Lee Harvey Oswald, was definitely not the man she saw shoot Tippit. Mrs. Higgins stated per that interview that is also on http://whokilledjfk.net (click on Tippit link) that she was watching TV when the news broadcaster announced the time as "six after one" and she automatically checked the clock sitting on her TV and then the shots rang out.
Now, three eye witnesses ( Helen Markham, T.F. Bowley, Mrs. Higgins), who contradict the Warren Commission's claim that Tippit was shot at 1:15pm.. Tippit was shot at 1:06pm. and Oswald was still at the bus stop per Mrs. Roberts. See Domingo Benavides W/C testimony, next, where he admits he accommodated the timing of Tippit's death by "adding a little time", W/C Vol. VI p. 454.
Neither, T.F. Bowley or Mrs. Higgins were interviewed by the F.B.I. or called to testify to the Warren Commission.
2. Domingo Benavides saw the Tippit's shooting. Benavides was driving in his truck west on 10th St. when he saw the police car "sitting there". Benavides per CBS Television interview of June 27, 1967, "the police officer was "apparently" talking to the man standing next to the police car." Benavides stated, that "the police officer got out of his car and got to about the point where the hood of the car kind of meets the windshield and that's when the other man shot him 4 times. The man turned from the car and then took a couple of steps as he turned to walk away, I believe he was unloading his gun, and he took the shells up in his hand, and as he took off, he threw them in the bushes trying to get rid of them."
Everything is fine with this eyewitness, but that's when everything goes wrong for the Government with this unbiased credible witness, who worked as an auto mechanic. The Dallas police never took Benavides to a police lineup to identify Oswald, W/C Vol. VI p. 451-452. Strangely, the Dallas Police or the Dallas Sheriff's Dept., or F.B.I. declined to even take an Affidavit from Benavides or make a report of his observations of Officer Tippit being gunned down in the street. According to his Warren Commission testimony, Vol. VI p. 451, he told the Dallas Police on 11-22-63 that he could not identify the man, who shot Officer Tippit.
Domingo, for his honest appraisal of the evidence, reports that he was repeatedly threatened by the police and advised not to talk about what he saw. He was threatened for the same reason the Dallas Police and F.B.I. avoided documenting his eyewitness observations; Benavides did not see Lee Harvey Oswald shoot Tippit.
In mid-February of 1965 his brother Eddy, who resembled Domingo, was fatally shot in the back of the head in a beer joint on Second Ave., Dallas. The police said it was a pistol shot, wrote up a cursory report and marked the case "unsolved".
Domingo's father-in-law, J.W. Jackson, was so unimpressed with the lack of police investigation of Eddy's death that he launched an inquiry of his own. Two weeks later Jackson was shot at while in his home. The assailant secreted himself in the carport and fired once into the house, and when Jackson ran outside fired once more just missing Jackson's head. The gunman escaped in a car that was in the next door driveway as Jackson saw a police car approach. This police officer made no attempt to chase the gunman's speeding car, but instead, spent a long time inquiring what had happened. Later a police lieutenant advised Jackson, "you'd better lay off this business. Don't go around asking questions, that's our job."
Both Domingo and Jackson are convinced that Eddy's murder was a case of mistaken identity and that Domingo Benavides, the Tippit witness, was the intended victim.
However, Benavides stated in an interview with Ramparts Magazine reporter David Welsh taken in November of 1966, "he really got a good view" of the slayer. Although he later said the killer resembled the newspaper pictures of Oswald, he described a man differently: "I remember the back of his head seemed like his hairline sort of went square instead of tapered off.....it kind of went down and squared off and made his head look flat in back." He was the closest witness to the Tippit's shooting and, per W/C Vol. VI. p. 447, not more than 15' away from Tippit's murderer, who would have been facing in Benavides direction when he was pulling the trigger on Tippit, but Benavides would not identify Lee Harvey Oswald as being there.
Another problem Benavides created for the Government and their quest to blame Lee Harvey Oswald for Tippit's death was that witness Ted Callaway asked Benavides "which way he went". That's right, per Vol. VI p. 452 of Benavides' Warren Commission testimony, he describes himself crossing the street to assist Officer Tippit, who he said died instantly falling on his own gun. Benavides testified he contacted the Dallas Police, via Tippit's police car radio, and that's when Ted Callaway entered the crime scene and took Tippit's gun and decided to chase Tippit's assailant. According to Benavides Warren Commission testimony p. 452, Ted Callaway asked Benavides "which way he went". Benavides testified he told Callaway that the shooter "went South on Patton St." Callaway became the Warren Commission's best witness in identifying Lee Harvey Oswald, but only fleeing the murder scene on Patton St.. Callaway would claim/testify that he saw Lee Harvey Oswald running south on Patton with an automatic pistol before he (Callaway) reached 10th St. and Tippit's murder scene. So why was he asking Benavides for the directions of Tippit's murderer?
Callaway never claimed to see Lee Harvey Oswald shoot Tippit, but Callaway only claimed to see Oswald flee south on Patton after Callaway heard gun shots two blocks away from the Tippit shooting spot at 410 E. 10th St.. Callaway never claimed to see anyone after he started his "chase" for Tippit's murderer. But Ted Callaway became the Government's strongest witness in identifying Lee Harvey Oswald, even though he only testified he saw Oswald running south down Patton St. as he, Callaway, was running north towards 10th St. and Tippit's murder scene. Because Callaway asked Benavides "which way he went" makes Ted Callaway a questionable witness as to his testimony that he had first seen Lee Harvey Oswald with a gun "running away" (from the Tippit Murder scene) south on Patton.
On April 24, 1964 while testifying for the Warren Commission, Vol. VI p. 453, Benavides still did not positively identified Lee Harvey Oswald as the man who shot Tippit. Benavides identified Warren Commission CE 162 as "looking just like" the light beige jacket he saw the man, who fled the Tippit's shooting, wearing, and was recovered by the Dallas Police under an Oldsmobile parked in a Texaco Gas Station lot on Jefferson Ave.. Benavides pointed out during that testimony that the jacket looked like it had been to the laundry.
The Warren Commission mislabeled the exhibit number of the beige jacket that Tippit's shooter threw under an Oldsmobile that was parked in a Texaco lot on Jefferson Ave. as he fled the murder scene. During Benavides testimony they identified that beige jacket as CE 163, but per Warren Commission Exhibits it is CE 162. Warren Commission exhibit CE 163 is a blue jacket.
During his W/C testimony, p. 446, Benavides stated it was about 1 o' clock when he encountered Tippit's police car on E. 10th St.. He further used a time frame relating to his lunch that he took at work at noon in order to determine the time he saw Tippit and his police car parked at angle to the curb on E. 10th St.. Domingo was traveling west on E. 10th St. and Tippit's car was parked on the south side of E. 10th St. pointed east.
W/C Counsel Belin asked Benavides, W/C Vol. VI p. 453, if he changed anything about his testimony given before the court reporter as compared to what he, Benavides, had previously stated to Belin during conversations concerning the Tippit shooting. Benavides indicates at the end of his Warren Commission testimony that he "changed the time", "or, I added a little bit since she was there." The "she" is the court reporter taking record of his testimony.
Benavides testified before the Warren Commission, p. 450, that he saw Tippit's murderer run away across the front yard of the house at the corner of E. 10th and South Patton and as the shooter ran he threw 2 empty bullet shells in that yard. Benavides described those bullet shells that he would pick up with a stick and place in a cigarette package as being "Chrome looking shells.:" W/C Vol. VI, p. 450. Benavides testified that he gave those two chrome looking shells to the police when they arrived, W/C p. 451.
Per Warren Commission testimony, Vol. VI p. 451, Benavides testified that he told the Dallas Police that 11-22-63 that he could not identify the man who shot Tippit, and the Dallas Police never asked him to a line up to identify the shooter. He continued his testimony that from the pictures he had later seen that Oswald "resembled" the guy he saw shoot Tippit, W/C Vol. VI p. 452.
However, as you would expect because he was only 15 feet from the man who shot Tippit, Benavides testified that "I mean I really got a good view of the man after the bullets were fired, W/C Vol. VI. p. 449.
Per his Warren Commission testimony, p. 450 451, Benavides testified that the man he saw shoot Tippet had dark curly hair about 25 years old. "I remember the back of his head seemed like his hairline was sort of -- looked like his hairline sort of went square instead of tapered off and he looked like he needed a haircut for about 2 weeks, but his hair didn't taper off, it kind of went down and squared off and made his head look flat in the back." Benavides also testified that the shooter's complexion was a little darker than average, medium weight, about 5' 11".
Domingo Benavides, the best (closest) witness to the Tippit murder, would not identify Lee Harvey Oswald as Tippit's murderer. He was never asked by the Warren Commission to define the word "resemble", but Benavides did not describe Lee Harvey Oswald because Oswald did not have dark hair, a dark complexion, curly hair or any curls in his hair. Benavides went into detail about the Tippit shooter's hair cut and hair on the back of his head, and it did not come close to describing anything identifiable about Lee Harvey Oswald. Oswald's hair was falling out and very thin in the back of his head, as opposed to Benavides description of Tippit's murderer having full "squared off hair" on the back of his head.
At the Warren Commission he settled with authorities and gave them a "resembled" and let it look as if he, Domingo Benavides, just didn't really see Tippit's shooter. Instead, of admitting, as per his 1967 CBS TV interview, now on the Internet, "he really got a good view of the slayer" from just 15' feet across the street while the gunman was pulling the trigger and facing in Benavides' direction.
Who could blame Domingo Benavides for not testifying before the Warren Commission that Lee Harvey Oswald was not the man the he saw shoot Officer Tippit on East 10th Street. The murderers were running the investigation and had hit squads ready for anyone that didn't capitulate.
3. Aquilla Clemons was sitting on a porch on E. 10 St. when she saw Dallas Police Officer J. D. Tippit shot and killed. She told independent investigators, including Mark Lane in his movie Rush to Judgment, that there were two men involved in killing Tippit. She stated that the gunman was a "short guy and kind of heavy" and the other man was tall and thin in khaki trousers and a white shirt. She said that the two men left in different directions. Aquilla Clemons was visited by F.B.I. agents who decided not to take her statement because they claimed she had poor health (diabetes). The Dallas police told her not to repeat her story to others or "she might get hurt". She was not called to give evidence to the Warren Commission.
4. Frank Wright lived along Tenth Street at the spot where Tippit was killed. Wright stated to independent investigators that he was in his living room when he heard shots. He said he went right out the front door while his wife telephoned for help. Wright claims that "I was the first person out and caught Tippit in time to see him roll over once and then lie still." Wright said two men were involved in the murder of D.P.D. Officer J.D. Tippit. Wright stated he could not tell who the man was in front of Tippit's police car, but he saw a medium height man standing in front of Tippit. This medium height man had on a long coat which ended just at above his hands as they were at his side. He didn't see any gun. Wright said the man ran as fast as he could and got in a gray car and drove of as fast as he could.
Wright tried to tell his story to the police that came but they wouldn't pay attention to him.
This witness to Tippit's murder was ignored after stating two men, neither which was Oswald, killed Kennedy.
Wright told independent investigators that he was also sure of what he saw and "what he later saw on the TV and in the newspapers is not what happened and nothing is going to change my mind."
It is hard to get the source of Frank Wright's evidentiary observations that 11-22-63 on E. 10th St., Dallas, Tx. because the Government had a problem with his unbiased observations that eliminates Lee Harvey Oswald as the Tippit killer. See "Oswald's Assassin or Fall Guy", Joesten pp. 169-172, or see former New Orleans District Attorney Jim Garrison's book, "On the Trail of the Assassin", or New York Times, Oct. 12, 1964, "Rush to Judgment", or Anthony Summers, The Kennedy Conspiracy, (1980) for Frank Wright's Tippit Murder Evidence.
Neither, Aquilla Clemons or Frank Wright were questioned by anyone from the Federal Government, including the Secret Service or F.B.I.. Neither of these two unbiased citizen-witnesses gave one shred of evidence to the Warren Commission. In fact, J. Edgar Hoover, himself, sent a memo to F.B.I. Supervisor, Gordon Shanklin, ordering no F.B.I. to interview or question Clemons and Wright. It was hands off and avoid their evidence.
5, 6, 7, 8. Warren Reynolds, who got shot in the head after he told the F. B. I. on January 21, 1964 to having seen a man fleeing the Tippit's shooting but "would hesitate to identify Lee Harvey Oswald as the running man" he saw. Reynolds, miraculously lived, after being shot in the head on January 24, 1964 by a .22 gunman, who was about 5' 5" and looked Cuban, to recant and testify before the Warren Commission that "Lee Harvey Oswald was the man he saw running on Patton Ave. and up Jefferson Blvd. with a gun in his hand after the shots rang out". Reynolds was shot that January 24, 1964 in the basement of his building that housed his used car business; every night he would enter the cellar door from the back of the car lot and turn off electricity.
But Reynolds was with 3 other men at Johnny Reynold's Used Cars when they heard the shots from 10th St. at about 1:15pm on 11-22-63.
The F.B.I. didn't catch up to these 4 witnesses, who were at Johnny Reynold's Used Car Lot, until January 21, 1964. Although the press knew about the witnesses on Patton Ave., the Dallas Police passed on these 4 probably because they already had Ted Callaway identify Oswald in the lineup the night of 11-22-63.
Harold Russell, worked for Johnny Reynold's Used Car Lot at 500 East Jefferson Blvd. in Dallas a few blocks from the Tippit murder. Harold Russell seems like a clean victory for the Government and their quest to convict Lee Harvey Oswald without a trial or jury or considering the evidence that Oswald was "Not Guilty". According to the F. B. I. report dated 1-22-64, as confirmed, Harold Russell identified Lee Harvey Oswald as the young white man that was running south on Patton Ave. with a revolver or pistol in his hand that Russell said looked like he was trying to either reload or place in his belt while running; this observation was a minute after Russell and friends heard the gun shots that killed Officer Tippit on 10th St.. Russell continued that he and Pat Patterson continued to 10th to witness Tippit dead on the street. Russell was firm in his report to the F. B. I. that he did not see the actual shooting and was only testifying to identify Lee Harvey Oswald by way of the pictures that the F. B. I. showed him in the "Back Yard Photos" and Oswald's Arrest Mug shot of 11-22-63. There was no police lineup done by the F. B. I., so Russell could identify Oswald, just the Oswald photos; no more Line-ups because Lee Harvey Oswald was Dead by the time the F.B.I. questioned Harold Russell.
Strangely, Russell ends up dead on July 23, 1965 under some of the most bizarre set of circumstances of all the dead JfK Assassination witnesses. Newspaper owner and JFK Researcher Penn Jones provides the only account of Russell's death when Russell, 53 years old at time of death, returned to his home in Davis, Oklahoma. Russell was at a party and told his friends he "was going to be killed and that he had to be hidden", so the people at the party called the police. A police officer answered the call and hit Russell over the head with a pistol and Russell later died in Sulphur, Oklahoma Hospital. Jones book, "Vol. II of Forgive My Grief and Mr. Jones" did not document this incident very well, however, and there is none of the usual counter by the Anti-Conspiracy People to try and negate this evidence of Russell's death.
JFK Assassination Researchers can only guess at the reason for the strange demise of witness, Harold Russell.
According to the Warren Commission Index in their Vol. XV, no Harold Russell testified before them. Yet, per their Warren Report, p. 652-653, they credit their cause by stating that Harold Russell identified Oswald as the man with the gun running south on Patton St.
L.J. Lewis was at Johnny Reynold's Lot and ran inside to call the cops when he and three others in the car lot heard gun shots. Lewis was shown pictures of Oswald (no lineup) by the F. B. I. in August 26, of 1964 and he declined to identify Lee Harvey Oswald as the white man in his 30's that he saw run south on Patton Ave. with a gun in his hand after he heard the gun shots on 11-22-63.
Pat Patterson presented some of the usual evidentiary conflicts concerning witnesses of the JFK Assassination. Patterson, like the other 3 at Johnny Reynold's Used Cars , was not contacted by the F. B. I. until January 23, 1964. He was never contacted by the Dallas Police and never viewed a police lineup to identify the white man he saw running down Patton Ave., after the shots were heard that killed Tippit. According to the F.B.I. report written on 1-23-63, Patterson identified Oswald after being shown Oswald's picture. When Patterson read the report in August of 1964 he protested stating, per Affidavit he signed dated 8-26-64, he never identified Oswald as the white man he saw on Patton Ave. with a gun after he heard the shots that killed Tippit. Patterson pointed out in this Affidavit that he never was shown any pictures of Oswald by the F. B. I. on January 23, 1964. The Warren Commission could have cared less about the evidentiary misrepresentations complained by witness Patterson; nothing was changed.
Patterson also complained, via Affidavit of August 26, 1964, that he "saw Oswald stop to reload his gun on Patton Ave"., and that the F.B.I. Report of 1 23-63 was wrong because it indicated that Patterson saw the man running up Patton Ave. reloading his gun.
Another problem with the F. B. I. report of January 23, 1964 is that none of the 4 Johnny Reynold's Used Car witnesses could have seen Oswald throw a jacket under the Oldsmobile behind the Texaco on Jefferson Blvd., none stated that they saw the "running white man", who ran south on Patton Ave. to Jefferson, once he ditched into and behind the Texaco gas station. The only one of the 4 witnesses that chased the "running white man" with the gun was Reynolds and Reynolds said that once the "running white man" ran behind the Texaco on Jefferson Blvd. he lost sight of him. The jacket was found under an Oldsmobile in a parking lot behind the Texaco which would have been impossible for these witnesses to see because they stopped chasing.
The F.B.I. report on Patterson claims that Patterson saw the "running white man" ditch his jacket under the Olds. which is false or, at best, wrong.
The F. B. I. was not deterred and showed, in August of 1964, Patterson the same 2 photos of Oswald they showed the other 3 Johnny Reynold's Used Car Witnesses. And Pat Patterson confirmed that the white man he saw running north on Patton Ave. and on to Jefferson Blvd. was Lee Harvey Oswald.
There was no B.M. "Pat" Patterson, who testified before the Warren Commission.
9. Ted Callaway was an employee at the used car lot at 501 E. Jefferson about two blocks from 10th St. where Tippit was killed. Callaway, Per Affidavit of 11-22-63, upon hearing the gun shots that early afternoon of 11-22-63, Callaway ran north on Patton Ave. in the direction of the gun shots he heard on 10th St.. He saw a man holding a pistol run across the corner house lot of 10th and Patton between the bushes and across to the other side of Patton Ave. from where Callaway was running. Callaway testified the F. B. I. measured the closest distance between him and "the running man" with the pistol was 56 feet. Callaway testified that this man who was running south on Patton Ave. with a gun in his hand was Lee Harvey Oswald. Callaway never claimed to see Oswald kill Tippit or shoot a gun. Callaway testified that he did not chase Oswald down Patton Ave., but continued to 10th St. where he saw Officer Tippits dead on the street.
This Pro-Government witness, Callaway, made a point per his Affidavit to say that he heard the shots that killed Tippit at about 1:00pm.. No doubt, the "Oswald did it" crowd would liberally interpret that to mean 1:15pm., but taken on its face 1:06pm. would be more a more accurate time that Callaway was describing.
Callaway picked Oswald, the #2 man in the Dallas Police lineup, as the man he saw running with a gun north on Patton Ave. Attorney Gerry Spence of Wyoming, who was Lee Harvey Oswald's, posthumous attorney at a mock trial in 1986, presented evidence that the other three men in the 4 man Dallas P. D. lineup on the evening of 11-22-63, included three men in suits and Oswald in a white T-shirt with a black eye and cut head. Spence asked Callaway how close he was to the lineup and Callaway indicated about 7 feet distance. Spence contended the lineup was legally worthless because Oswald appeared so much different from the other 3 men in the lineup. Spence also pointed out that Callaway was at closest 56' away from the gunman who ran down Patton Ave.
According to witness Domingo Benavides, Ted Callaway asked him "which way he went." That's right, per Vol. VI p. 452 of Benavides' Warren Commission testimony, he describes himself crossing the street to assist Officer Tippit, who he said died instantly falling on his own gun. Benavides testified he contacted the Dallas Police, via Tippit's police car radio, and that's when Ted Callaway entered the crime scene and took Tippit's gun and decided to chase Tippit's assailant. According to Benavides Warren Commission testimony p. 452, Ted Callaway asked Benavides "which way he went". Benavides testified he told Callaway that the shooter "went South on Patton St." Callaway became the Warren Commission's best witness in identifying Lee Harvey Oswald, but only fleeing the murder scene on Patton St.. Benavides and Callaway worked at the same Dootche Motors two blocks away from Tippit's shooting.
10. & 11. Two witnesses Mrs. Virginia Davis and Barbara Jeanette Davis lived in the same house at the corner of 10th and Patton Ave. in different apartments. They each stated, per Affidavits, that they were in the same room of the house when they heard a shot and then another shot. They ran to the side door on Patton St. They saw a "boy" cutting across their yard and he was unloading his gun. They walked outside and a woman was hollering, "he's dead, he's dead, he's shot". They saw the officer lying on 10th St., and called the Dallas police. They found an empty bullet shell on their lawn and gave it to the police. At about 8:00pm. they both went to the Dallas P. D. and identified Lee Harvey Oswald in the lineup, or #2 out 4, as the boy running across their lot.
12. William Scoggins was a cab driver, who parked his cab around the corner from 10th on Patton Ave. on that 11-22-63. He reported, according to the Secret Service, that he saw a man, who was walking west on E. 10th St. approach the police car that just went through the intersection at 10th and Patton going east, but his vision then became blocked by the shrubs at the corner lot. Scoggins reported to the Secret Service that he heard the gun shots and then he "exited his parked cab and ran across to the other side of Patton Ave.". Scoggins stated per Affidavit that as the gunman left the area at the corner of Patton St. that the gunman that killed Tippit said, "poor dumb cop."
Scoggins saw Lee Harvey Oswald on TV later that day and the next day picked Oswald out of a Dallas Police Line up, according to the Dallas Police. Actually, Scoggins picked the number 3 man in the Dallas P.D. line up and Oswald was #2.
The F. B. I. was not satisfied and produced 5 pictures and Scoggins picked a picture of the gunman he saw at 10th and Patton that was not Lee Harvey Oswald.
However, he told the F. B. I. and Warren Commission something different than what he told the Secret Service. Instead of running, Scoggins testified to the Warren Commission that he hid under the steering wheel of his cab and could see the gunman turn his head away from him to the gunman's left as he fled his area. Since Scoggins testified the fleeing man looked over his left shoulder in the opposite direction of Scoggins, then he didn't have opportunity to see the fleeing man. During his Warren Commission testimony, Scoggins could not identify the fleeing man's clothing and he changed his testimony three times as to his hair color, from blond to dark.
13. Jack Ray Tatum saw a man approach Tippit's patrol car. Tatum was traveling in his car and past the incident and decided to keep going because of the gun danger. But Tatum did not come forward at the time. Somehow, the HSCA caught up to him in 1978 and he signed an Affidavit stating that he saw a white man, but did, at this later date, supply key details of the shooting that confirmed his presence at the scene. According to the Affidavit signed at his work place, Baylor Medical Center, he saw a white male with his hands in his pockets talking to a police officer on through the passenger side window. The police car was parked to the side of 10th St.. As Tatum passed the police car he heard the gun shooting and the man came around the police car and shot the officer while he laid in the street. But nowhere does he identify anybody other than white male. Tatum claims that the gunman then walked away in his direction so he hit the gas pedal and took off. Tatum was no victory for Warren Commission that wanted to Decree that "Oswald did it."
14. Jimmy Earl Burt, per F. B. I. Report, was inside a house at E. 9th and Denver St., over a block away from the location where Tippit was shot at Tenth and Patton, when he and his friend, William Smith, heard shots. They exited the house and got in his '52 Ford and traveled in the direction of the gunshots at which time he claimed to hear more shots for a total of 6 gun shots. He drove down Denver St. to Tenth St. and "saw a police car which caused him to turn west in the direction of the parked police car. He claimed that once he got out of his car he could see a man with a gun running 60 yards away south on Patton" and the man ran in a westerly direction up the alley that runs parallel to E. 10th St. and Jefferson Ave.. Burt could not identify this man even though he gave chase.
15. William Smith, 20, puts a little snag in Jimmy Earl Burt's testimony, per F. B. I. report, Smith doesn't claim to be with Burt, but does claim to have actually seen Tippit being shot; Smith told the F. B. I., per Report, that he saw Tippit fall to the street after being shot 4 to 5 times. The shooter then continued down 10th St. and took a left on Patton south towards Jefferson St. He did not immediately come forward with information until 12-13-63 because he was on probation for auto theft and thought he would get in trouble with the police. Smith said he was too far away to positively identify the white male he saw shoot Tippit, but he did describe him as 5' 8", 25 years old, 150-160 lbs., wearing a white shirt, light brown jacket, and dark trousers. Smith said he saw Oswald on TV and did not think that Oswald was the same man he saw at the Tippit shooting because the man he saw had black hair.
The Warren Commission declined, for good reason, to call Jimmy Earl Burt to testify. Burt stated that he was on Denver St. inside a house when he and Smith heard the gun shots that killed J.D. Tippit, and that he could not identify the man, who shot Tippit. However, the Warren Commission had Burt's friend, William Smith, testify on April 2, 1964. Smith's 4 pages of Warren Commission testimony included a new address for Burt's father's house where Smith claimed he was at the time of Tippit's death. Smith, unilaterally, changed Burt's father's address from Denver St. to 505 E. 10th St.. During his Warren Commission testimony Smith positively identified Lee Harvey Oswald as the man who shot Tippit. Smith testified he "saw the side and back" of Oswald and identified Oswald as the Tippit shooter commenting during testimony "from what I saw of him."
Of course, the Warren Commission had both Burt's and Smith's F.B.I. Reports and knew that Smith was lying. However, the Warren Commission was quick to take another opportunity, while knowingly using false evidence, to make use of Smith phony identification of Oswald in their Warren Report, p. 169.
16. & 17. Robert Brock advised per the F. B. I. that on 11-22-63 he was employed as an auto mechanic at Ballew's Texaco on Jefferson Blvd., Dallas. At approximately 1:30 a young white man passed him and his wife and proceeded past the Texaco service station north into a parking lot at which time the individual disappeared. Brock further advised the F. B. I. that Warren Reynolds and another individual from Johnny Reynold's Used Cars came to the Texaco and informed him that the individual suspected of shooting a police officer had been observed running north on Jefferson St. past the Texaco. Reynolds and various police officers searched the parking lot directly behind the Texaco in effort to locate the Tippit's shooter, but to no avail, although they did find a jacket under a 1954 Oldsmobile which was parked in space #17. Robert Brock could not identify Lee Harvey Oswald as the person that had previously passed the Texaco and disappear into the parking lot. However, his wife, Mary Brock, did identify Oswald as that same man that disappeared into the parking lot.
Dallas Police get eyewitness report description of Tippit killer
Per Dallas P. D. transcripts of radio messages on that 11-22-63, Patrolman H. W. Summers in Dallas police unit 221 (number of the squad car) reported that an "eyewitness to the getaway man" had been located. The suspect shooter of Tippit was described as having "black wavy hair wearing an Eisenhower jacket light color with dark trousers and a white shirt" and "armed with a .32 automatic with dark finish pistol held in his right hand." (see p. 7 @ 1:34pm.). Sergeant G. Hill reported that the "shell at the scene indicates that the suspect is armed with a .38 automatic rather than a pistol (revolver), see pg. 9 @ 1:34 of Dallas P.D. radio transcript..
Witnesses reported seeing the fleeing Tippit killer, stated he was carrying an automatic pistol, not a revolver. Lee Harvey Oswald was arrested a few minutes later in the Texas Theater and was carrying a .38 revolver (six shooter with revolving cylinder). Strange as usual, surrounding the evidence of the Tippit murder, no witnesses reported that the fleeing Tippit killer had a revolver. Some reported that the "running white man" on Patton St. having a pistol but that term pistol is ambiguous and could mean either an automatic or a revolver. A revolver and an automatic pistol look distinctly different.
One Tippit Murder Witness waits until death to come foreword
Were there other witnesses to Tippit's murder on 10th St.? The evidence is that a crowd gathered after the Tippit shooting, so there were many witnesses after the fact. Those witnesses from the area of 10th and Patton, who congregated around a dead J.D. Tippit, may not have all seen the actual murder but they may have observed other evidence. They may have witnessed the fleeing murderer(s) and the Tippit Murder support team, including "getaway drivers and getaway cars". If there are more witnesses who saw the actual Tippit shooting, or the "aftermath evidence" on 10th St. on 11-22-63, they ain't ever going to talk now, too dangerous.
Unless, you are dying anyways, then the Tippit's shooting witness has nothing to lose. That was the case with Mrs. Doris Holan, who at 11-22-63 lived at upstairs at 409 E. 10th St. and Mrs. Holan's windows looked out on to the Tippit shooting scene. Mrs. Holan was one of the unreported witnesses and prior to her death in 2000 from cancer she contacted JFK Researchers, Michael Brownlow and Prof. Bill Pulte.
According to Mrs. Holan, who was interviewed twice by Brownlow and once by Pulte, she had just returned home from work a few minutes after 1:00pm.. She heard the shots and looked out her windows to see Tippit's police car in front of the driveway between 404 and 410 E. 10th St.. Mrs. Holan saw the police officer dead in the street beside the front driver's side of the car.
Mrs. Holan saw a man leaving the Tippit murder scene to the west towards Patton St.
Mrs. Holan also reported that she saw a second police car that was in the driveway between 404 and 410 E. 10th St.; that driveway continued to connect to an alley way that ran east/west parallel between 10th and Jefferson. Mrs. Holan reported that the second police car moved slowly towards Tippits police car which was on 10th St.. She also saw a man in the driveway near the second police car walking down the driveway towards the street where Tippit's car was parked.
Mrs. Holan went downstairs at once and over to Tippit. The man in the driveway continued to the street, walked in front of Tippit's patrol car, paused and looked down at Tippit's head, and retraced his path up the driveway. At the same time, the police car backed up the driveway to the alley behind 404 and 410 E. 10th St.
JFK Researcher, Brownlow, also reports that he interviewed Sam Guinyard in 1970 and that Guinyard also said he saw a police car in the alley shortly after the Tippit shooting. Guinyard worked on Patton st. with Ted Callaway at Dootch Motors. Domingo Benavides also worked at Dootch Motors. Guinyard testified to the Warren Commission but never mentioned this incident. Many of the Warren Commission witnesses were instructed to "only respond to the questions asked" and "do not volunteer anything extra". An example is Warren Commission witness Dealey Plaza Railroad Controller, Bowers, was immediately cut off by W/C counsel when he tried to add to his testimony. Bowers was the Controller of the Railroad Yard behind the Grassy Knoll on Elm St., causing Bowers to have a clear view of two riflemen shooting from the fence that overlooked the Grassy Knoll and ElmSt. at the U.S. President.
Did D.P.D. Officer J.D. Tippit have his killer documented on his clipboard that was located in the middle of the dashboard of his police car? There was a man's photo on that clipboard, but the Dallas Police retrieved Tippit's clipboard and refused to release the identity of the man photographed on the top page of documents on the clipboard.
And why did Officer Tippit have an extra police uniform in that police car that he left on 10th St. on 11-22-63?
Hunt for two J.D. Tippit Murder Suspects Covered-Up by the Dallas Police - the "Oswald Theater Balcony Arrest" and "Philadelphia jacket"
The Dallas Police Dept. Radio Tapes were transcribed for the Warren Commission. The transcript produced by the Dallas Police of their activity and information produced on the early p.m. of 11-22-63 is to be suspect as is all evidence surrounding the JFK Assassination produced by the Dallas Police, F.B.I., and Warren Commission. Why? Read this article on the JFK Assassination; they got caught lying too many times about evidence of the JFK Assassination, including the J.D. Tippit Murder.
But when the Dallas Police leave or produce evidence that does not favor the "Lone Crazed Assassin Decree" it should be valued as credible. Such is the case with some of the evidence produced in the D.P.D. radio broadcasts per W/C CE 705.
Whatever do the Dallas radio transmissions reveal to a Researcher of the JFK Assassination and Tippit Murder?
On page 5 @ 1:33pm., and on page 7 @ 1:34pm. it is disclosed that the J.D. Tippit Murderer had "black hair", and further described as having "black wavy hair". The original Dallas Police radio transmissions report the Tippit Murderer leaving .38 automatic shells as identified by Dallas Police Officer Gerald Hill, see p. 9 @ 1:34pm., and, per p. 7 @ 1:34pm. that the Tippit Murder suspect was carrying a "dark - finish automatic pistol"
Further review of the Dallas Police Transcript, W/C CE 705 discloses that they arrested the Tippit Murder suspect the Dallas police chased into the Library. Was this the same suspect that they chased up Jefferson Ave.? As soon as this suspect they had "cornered in the library" was arrested the Dallas P.D. dispatcher orders "it was wrong man." See p. 6 -7 @ 1:34pm..
There was another Tippit Murder suspect, who witnesses told police was last seen in the Abundant Life Temple in the same 400 block on E. 10th St. where Tippit was shot, p. 11 @1:40. The Dallas police are sure per the Dallas radio transmissions that "he is the one involved in the shooting" and Sgt. Hill (550/2) confirm with a big "yes"., p. 11 @ 1:40. No sooner does Dallas P.D. Sgt. Gerald Hill, announce his squad of police on E. 10th St. are about to go in and "shake down" the Abundant Life Temple than the D.P.D. dispatcher calls them off while announcing "they already have him." That's it, witnesses told the police the Tippit shooter went into the "Abundant Life Temple" (a building) and the police immediately forgot about this suspect fingered by eye witnesses. As usual with so much of the evidence surrounding the murders in Dallas on 11-22-63, this does not make any sense, because the police would have, regardless of the police dispatcher stating "they already have him", continued their pursuit and enter the "Temple" to arrest the suspect.
That makes two Tippit murder suspects never identified by the Dallas Police. One Tippit Murder suspect was actually chased by the police and cornered in a library and arrested. The other Tippit Murder Suspect was surrounded by the Dallas Police inside the "Abundant Life Temple", and just as they were going to rush the suspect the police dropped their "Shake down" because of a comment ("they have him") by the Dallas P.D. dispatcher! More odd evidence that makes no sense, especially when one of their own, a cop/Tippit, is murdered in the street.
What else does that D.P.D. radio transcript reveal? The Dallas police recovered a jacket from "over here on Jefferson Ave.." The Dallas police immediately disclose that the jacket had a "laundry tag" with a B 9738 identification. This is the jacket claimed to be thrown by the Tippit shooter, who fled south on Patton St. to Jefferson, under an Oldsmobile that was in the parking lot at the Texaco Gas Station on Jefferson Ave., see p. 12 @ 1:37. However, there were no witnesses that saw the fleeing gunman discard that jacket. There was no laundry in the Dallas area that used that number code type sequence, however, some researchers found that the laundry tag originated in Philadelphia, PA.
At 1:44 pm., p. 12-13 of transcript, the Dallas police announce the suspect is hiding in the balcony of the Texas Theater. It took the Dallas Police until 1:52pm. to arrest the suspect in the Texas Theater because he was not found amongst the 6 patrons in the balcony, see Sgt. Hill W/C Vol. III p. 49, but on the "lower floor" after a fight. p. 16.
Sgt. Hill also reveals that Dallas Police cars were parked in the rear of the Texas Theater. p. 17 @ 1:53. Sgt. Hill was never questioned about police cars being parking in the back of the Texas Theater, but when Officer J. M. Poe testified, Vol. VII p. 70 that he was parked in the back of the Texas Theater the Warren Commission immediately cut him off and thanked Poe for his testimony and gave him the bum's rush. What bothered the Warren Commission about police being parked behind the Texas Theater? Some credible witnesses saw an "Oswald look - alike" arrested and taken away in a Dallas Police car parked behind the Texas Theater while Lee Harvey Oswald was arrested and removed at the front of the Texas Theater.
Texas Theatre - Dallas P.D. yelled, "Kill the President will ya." -
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Youth grow more politically active – but vote like mum and dad
February 21, 2015 - 05:29
Teenagers and young adults are starting to get involved in politics again. But they aren’t radical like they were in the 1960s.
Keywords: Democracy, election, Politics, Society, Youth
By: Ingrid Spilde
Norwegian youth have grown more politically active in the past few years. But they aren’t particularly radical. Here the Norwegian Young Conservatives celebrate outside the national assembly, the Storting, on the election night in 2013. (Photo: NTB scanpix)
Following the bombing and shooting spree in Norway by a lone ultra-conservative terrorist on 22 July, 2011, the then Prime Minister Jens Stoltenberg encouraged Norwegians to become all the more involved in democracy.
In his speech at a packed square of mourners and demonstrators outside the Oslo City Hall, the PM appealed to the young:
“Commit yourselves. Care. Join organisations. Participate in debates. Use your right to vote. Free elections are the jewel in the crown of democracy. By participating you voice a resounding ‘yes’ to democracy.”
To start with it looked like young people were doing just as Stoltenberg had asked. In the subsequent county and municipal elections in September 2011 voter participation among young people rose by 11 percentage points.
But was this just a spike in involvement just weeks after the atrocious act of terror?
“The big question was whether participation would slump back to normal in the Storting election in 2013,” says election researcher Johannes Bergh of the Norwegian Institute for Social Research. He is currently writing a book about that parliamentary election in 2013.
Permanent change
“There was a clear increase in election participation among first-time and second-time voters in 2013. And we see this same tendency with increased membership in the political parties’ youth organisations – across the political board.”
“I think this trend is something fairly permanent,” says Bergh.
If so, it represents a turning point after a long period of mounting political apathy among young people.
“Participation amongst young people in politics slid steadily ever since its peak during the youth and student revolts of the 1960s and ‘70s.”
Bergh considers a well-functioning democracy in the future to be contingent on young people’s return to politics.
“We have every reason to be optimistic on behalf of young people today, as compared to the situation a few years ago,” he says.
However, apart from rising participation in elections, the involved young people today are no carbon copies of their counterparts in the 1960s and ‘70s.
In parents’ footsteps
"We have every reason to be optimistic on behalf of young people today, as compared to the situation a few years ago."
Johannes Bergh, election researcher
The baby boomers, known because of the watershed year 1968 as “the sixty-eighters”, set something of a standard for politically involved young people: They leaned strongly to the left.
This youthful radicalism held sway for years even though young voter participation rates slumped. The young people who continued to concern themselves with politics tended to lean to the far left, or the far right.
Today’s young and politically active Norwegians don’t fit that pattern.
“The young are now very conventional in their politics. They vote pretty much as their parents do and show no more tendencies toward radicalism than the general population,” says Bergh.
He is uncertain why this contrast has occurred between contemporary young people and their parents or grandparents when they were young, but offers an explanation:
“People who conduct research on young people have shown that today’s young have a different relationship with their parents than was common before. The generation gap between adults and children is no longer so wide and maybe that also goes for the need to rebel. Or maybe they now rebel in other ways?”
“Today’s young people also face stronger pressure to make it on their own and get good grades and solid jobs. So they have to be quite serious and that can make them more conventional. Participation in a rebellion might not be such a viable strategy for landing a future job.”
It can take time to get used to the new image of politically active youth. For instance, many have thought that lowering the voting age to 16 would bolster parties on the fringes. So far, nothing verifies that.
“I think we can expect a status quo situation. The established political regime and existing solutions have their advantages,” says the election expert.
One problem to be considered is that young people who are conventional will tend to be less innovative in seeking solutions to developing political problems. But pinpointing the way young people will be orienting themselves politically in years to come is no easy task.
It used to be typical for the young radicals to drift toward the middle of the political road as time passed. But who knows what will happen with this new generation of more conventional teenagers and young adults?
“Maybe they will grow more radical in time?” suggests Bergh.
Glenn Ostling
From voting to legal action Wealthy women voted first Your muscles determine your vote Psychoses in teens no more disabling than in adults
Johannes Bergh's profile
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SCOR Scholarships
Amount(s): $1,000 to one male and one female RHS Senior for 2019
Each year SCOR awards one RHS senior male and female recipient a scholarship for the participant that best embodies SCOR and who consistently participated in the growth of the program and shared an appreciation of soccer with the focus on fair play and encouragement.
To qualify for the SCOR award recipients must be nominated by a non-family member in an email to the President of SCOR detailing why they believe the candidate is the most qualified person for the award. All former SCOR members are eligible to apply. Nominations should be sent to the by April 30th.
The SCOR officers (President, Vice President, Treasurer, & Secretary) will select the most qualified recipient for the SCOR scholarships from the nominations submitted each year.
Ryan Meegan Memorial Scholarships
Amount(s): $1,000 to one male and one female RHS Soccer player for 2019
Ryan Meegan lived his life to the fullest. One of his greatest passions was the game of soccer which he began playing at the tender age of six at the Soccer Club of Ridgefield (SCOR). Playing on the SCOR Travel team through his U14 season, Ryan brought his enthusiasm for the game and his love for his teammates to every match he played. Along the way, he not only learned how to play the game the right way technically, he learned what it meant to be a good friend and teammate on and off the field. At SCOR, Ryan learned firsthand about working hard, as a team, towards a common goal - his early soccer experiences offered him many opportunities to exert his innate leadership skills which he leveraged as he matured into a young adult.
At Ridgefield High School (RHS), Ryan played on the freshman and JV teams that went undefeated. The friendships and comradery developed in those first two years formed the foundation for the success the team would experience in the next two seasons. As a junior, Ryan helped lead the team to its first FCIAC championship in several years. The following year, as a senior, Ryan helped lead the team to it's fourth State championship. As significant and exciting as these accomplishments were, the true value of Ryan's RHS soccer experience was the life lessons he learned about teamwork, dedication, commitment, focus, tenacity, respect and leadership - traits that Ryan exhibited both on and off the field.
The SCOR Ryan Meegan Scholarship Fund will be presented to a male and female senior RHS soccer player who best exhibits Ryan's passion for the game, leadership on the field and in the classroom, and respect for teammates, coaches and opponents as determined by the varisty coaches.
SWD CJSA Scholarships
SWD CJSA offers a scholarship the details of which can be found here, SWD CJSA Scholarship.
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