Split (1)

train · 590k rows

pred_label stringclasses 2 values	pred_label_prob float64 0.5 1	wiki_prob float64 0.25 1	text stringlengths 47 998k	source stringlengths 37 43
__label__wiki	0.909675	0.909675	Tim McGraw Under Fire for Charity Concert to Curtail Gun Violence Singer Supports Gun Ownership but Says It Comes With a Responsibility by Alison Bonaguro 4/17/2015 Tim McGraw is trying to do the right thing — a charitable thing, a good thing. And some people are outraged. McGraw is playing a benefit concert in Hartford, Connecticut, on July 17, and the proceeds will benefit Sandy Hook Promise, a nonprofit organization with the mission of protecting children from gun violence. This, after the 2012 shooting at the nearby Sandy Hook Elementary School, where 20 students and six teachers were killed. Claiming the concert promoted gun control, gun rights advocates didn’t like the idea of the charity event. So they took to social media to say so, and McGraw responded in a statement to the Washington Post. “Let me be clear regarding the concert for Sandy Hook, given much of the erroneous reporting thus far,” McGraw said. “As a gun owner, I support gun ownership. I also believe that with gun ownership comes the responsibility of education and safety — most certainly when it relates to what we value most, our children. I can’t imagine anyone who disagrees with that.” He added that this concert is meant to do “something good for a community that is recovering.” When the concert was first announced on Monday (April 13), McGraw said, “Out of this tragedy, a group was formed that made a promise to honor the lives lost and turn it into a moment of transformation. Sandy Hook Promise teaches that we can do something to protect our children from gun violence. I want to be a part of that promise — as a father and as a friend.” Dean Brown, fiddle player in McGraw’s touring band, is a longtime friend to Mark Barden, a musician whose 7-year-old son Daniel was killed in the 2012 tragedy. “We are humbled that Tim would do this for us,” Barden said. “Dean and his wife Cindy helped my wife and I through our darkest hour and helped buoy our spirits. It meant more than words could ever say.” However, Billy Currington has decided to drop out of the show that is scheduled to also feature Chase Bryant and special guests. Currington and Bryant are the opening acts on McGraw’s current tour. In a post on his Facebook page, Currington explained his decision. “I’ve never been one to take on controversial issues — I’m a singer,” he wrote. “I do feel strongly about honoring and supporting the Sandy Hook community and will be making a donation to a local organization. I appreciate people’s freedom and passion for whatever cause they want to support. However, I am choosing to step aside from this fundraiser and will focus instead on the rest of the tour dates as I look forward to being on the road with Tim and Chase.” Alison Bonaguro Alison makes her living loving country music. She's based in Chicago, but she's always leaving her heart in Nashville. @alisonbonaguro Tags: Billy CurringtonChase BryantTim McGraw	cc/2020-05/en_head_0067.json.gz/line258
__label__wiki	0.792895	0.792895	Fun with Pets > The Pet Economy Created in Newsletter Library, Fun with Pets If there's still any doubt whether the pampering of pets is getting out of hand, the debate should be settled once and for all by Neuticles, a patented testicular implant that sells for up to $919 a pair. The idea, says inventor Gregg A. Miller, is to "let people restore their pets to anatomical preciseness" after neutering, thereby allowing them to retain their natural look and self-esteem. "People thought I was crazy when I started 13 years ago," says the Oak Grove (Mo.) entrepreneur. But he has since sold more than 240,000 pairs (a few of which went on prairie dogs, water buffalo, and monkeys). "Neutering is creepy. But with Neuticles, it's like nothing has changed." Nothing, except there's a fake body part where a real one used to be. Americans now spend $41 billion a year on their pets-more than the gross domestic product of all but 64 countries in the world. That's double the amount shelled out on pets a decade ago, with annual spending expected to hit $52 billion in the next two years, according to Packaged Facts, a consumer research company based in Rockville, Md. That puts the yearly cost of buying, feeding, and caring for pets in excess of what Americans spend on the movies ($10.8 billion), playing video games ($11.6 billion), and listening to recorded music ($10.6 billion) combined. "People are no longer satisfied to reward their pet in pet terms," argues Bob Vetere, president of the American Pet Products Manufacturers Assn. (APPMA). "They want to reward their pet in human terms." That means hotels instead of kennels, braces to fix crooked teeth, and frilly canine ball gowns. Pet owners are becoming increasingly demanding consumers who won't put up with substandard products, unstimulating environments, or shoddy service for their animals. But the escalating volume and cost of services, especially in the realm of animal medicine, raises ethical issues about how far all this loving should go. It wasn't so very long ago that the phrase "a dog's life" meant sleeping outside, enduring the elements, living with aches, and sitting by the dinner table, waiting for a few scraps to land on the floor. Today's dog has it much better. APPMA reports that 42% of dogs now sleep in the same bed as their owners, up from 34% in 1998. Their menu reflects every fad in human food-from locally sourced organic meat and vegan snacks to gourmet meals bolstered by, say, glucosamine to ward off stiff joints. Half of all dog owners say they consider their pet's comfort when buying a car, and almost a third buy gifts for their dogs' birthdays. Richard G. Wolford, chairman and CEO of Del Monte Foods Co. (DLM ), refuses even to use the word "owner." "Anyone who has a pet understands who owns whom," says Wolford, who is owned by two Jack Russell terriers. His company's pet business has gone from nothing to 40% of overall sales through acquisitions of brands such as Meow Mix and Milk-Bone in the past five years. The rising status of pets has started an unprecedented wave of entrepreneurship in an industry once epitomized by felt mice and rubber balls. There are now $430 indoor potties, $30-an-ounce perfume, and $225 trench coats aimed solely at four-footed consumers and their wallet-toting companions. Even those who shun animal couture are increasingly willing to spend thousands on drugs for depression or anxiety in pets, as well as psychotherapy, high-tech cancer surgery, cosmetic procedures, and end-of-life care. About 77% of dogs and 52% of cats have been medicated in the past year, according to APPMA, an increase of about 20 percentage points from 1996. Some spending can be spurred by vets who find such services more lucrative than giving shots or ending a pet's life when it contracts a painful or terminal disease. Once acquired as sidekicks for kids, animal companions are more popular now with empty-nesters, single professionals, and couples who delay having children. What unites these disparate demographic groups is a tendency to have time and resources to spare. With more people working from home or living away from their families, pets also play a bigger role in allaying the isolation of modern life. About 63% of U.S. households, or 71 million homes, now own at least one pet, up from 64 million just five years ago. And science is starting to validate all those warm feelings with research that documents the depth of the human-animal bond. It doesn't take a scientist to figure out that there's money to be made in this environment. Companies from Procter & Gamble (PG ) and NestlÃ© (NSRGY ) to fashion brands including Polo Ralph Lauren (RL ) and thousands of small entrepreneurs are sniffing around for new opportunities in the pet sector. After consumer electronics, pet care is the fastest-growing category in retail, expanding about 6% a year. More new pet products were launched in the first six months of last year than in all of 2005. And that doesn't account for the ways existing products are being recast to woo pet lovers. Del Monte has refocused staples to look more like human snacks-from Snausages breakfast treats shaped like bacon and eggs to Pup-Peroni rib snacks so appetizing that Wolford had to stop a TV anchor from popping one into his mouth on air. Even Meow Mix now comes in plastic cups rather than cans. The typical target of such products is a pet lover like Graham Gemoets, a caterer in Houston, who showers luxuries on his beloved "chi weenie" (Chihuahua/dachshund mix), Bradford. "He's my best friend and my best-accessorized friend," says Gemoets, whose splurges for Bradford include a $1,200 HermÃ¨s collar and leash, as well as $500 Chanel pearls for parties. "I know it's crazy, but I've had him for five years, and if you priced it out per month, it's like a phone bill." Thanks to passionate consumers like that, the quality gap between two-legged and four-legged mammals is rapidly disappearing in such industries as food, clothing, health care, and services. The race now is to provide animals with products and services more closely modeled after the ones sold to humans. Most of the pet business world's attention is directed at the country's 88 million cats and 75 million dogs. The reason is simple. As Philip L. Francis, CEO of PetSmart Inc. (PETM ), the world's largest pet specialty retailer, explains: "You can't train a fish or groom a snake." PetSmart, for one, has shifted its mission from being the top seller of pet food to helping consumers become better "pet parents." Along with making his 928 retail locations homier and hosting pet parties, Francis is rolling out blue-shingled "pet hotels" (kennels) in his stores. They feature private suites with raised platform beds and TVs airing shows from Animal Planet for $31 a night, as well as "bone booths," where pets can take calls from their owners, and porous pebble floors where dogs can pee. Cats get live fish tanks to watch in their rooms and separate air filtration systems so their scents dont drive the dogs crazy. The hotels, along with services such as grooming, training, and in-store hospitals, have helped PetSmart expand its service business from essentially nothing in 2000 to $450 million, or 10% of overall sales, this year. Pet owners are now less driven by price than "emotion and passion," says Francis, who shares a bed with his wife and their mutt, Bit o' Honey. Those are the same primal urges that drive the fashion world. Mario DiFante, who staged New York's first Pet Fashion Week last August, has an elevated view of the place of dogs and cats in the family hierarchy. As he puts it: "Many of us consider pets as the new babies." That means clothing furry little ones in an ever-expanding range of sweaters, raincoats, leather jackets, and dresses. For Lara Alameddine, co-founder of Little Lily, a better word might be "babes." Her four-year-old company clears $1 million a year selling products including doggie slippers, bikinis, and even canine versions of Oscar-night gowns. It's popular with celebrity dog owners such as Paris Hilton, who often dresses up her Chihuahua, Tinkerbell. "We're catering to the owner's sense of style," says Alameddine. "There are no bones on our clothes." Pet products now aim to make people feel they're being extra good to their little ones-much as toymakers have long encouraged parents to spoil kids. Along with doggie spas, there are mobile pet-grooming vans, pedicure services, professional dog walkers, and massage therapy for animals. Trainers like Cesar Millan-better known to millions as the Dog Whisperer-find that their expertise is suddenly in greater demand. Along with having the No. 1 series on the National Geographic Channel, Millan boasts best-selling books, DVDs, a line of products, and his famous Dog Psychology Center of Los Angeles that's a favorite with Hollywood clientele (see BusinessWeek.com, 7/27/07, "A Short Leash on Pet Luxuries?"). The growing willingness of owners to spare no expense for their animals has also made the outsourcing of the yucky aspects a burgeoning business. More than 350 service agencies with names such as Doody Duty, Scoopy-Poo, and Pooper Trooper have sprung up solely to relieve owners of the need even to pick up a pet's waste in their yard by doing it for them. With annual growth nearing 50%, "the pooper scooper industry is now experiencing a lot of consolidation," says Jacob D'Aniello of DoodyCalls, which has 20 locations nationwide. But few parts of the business have seen as much diversification and expansion as the pet food business. As with humans, there's a growing concern about the nutrition, taste, and even ethical standards of what goes into a pet's stomach. Owners increasingly mirror their own preferences-for vegetarian cuisine, kosher meals, and even locally sourced food-in feeding their pets. And when things go wrong, the reaction is as explosive as if the victims were children. Consumers were outraged by a massive recall of melamine-contaminated pet food that killed or sickened thousands of U.S. cats and dogs. Because pets are now such valued members of the family, says Duane Ekedahl, president of the Pet Food Institute, "it had a higher impact than maybe it would have had 10 years ago." As food becomes a more emotionally charged issue for people, owners are more inclined to get emotional about what's on their pets' menu. Witness the growth of what one industry executive calls the "Godiva-ization" of food, with a demand for meats fit for human consumption, visible vegetables, and nutritional supplements. It has become common to reach for a canine or cat equivalent of ketchup, such as Iams Co.'s (PG ) popular "savory sauce" for dogs that comes in Country Chicken, Savory Bacon, and Roasted Beef flavor-descriptions that are, needless to say, lost on the actual consumer. Fancy food products are easy targets for critics of indulgent pet owners. But a far more controversial issue is animal medicine, especially at a time of urgent national debate about human health care. Americans now spend $9.8 billion a year on vet services. That doesn't include the over-the-counter drugs and other supplies, which add $9.9 billion in costs. The annual compound growth rate for core veterinary services alone has been about 10% over the past decade, and the menu of services is becoming more elaborate by the month. Much of the inflation in pet care is due to medical advances that have people digging deep for everything from root canals for aging cats to cancer surgery for rabbits. "There has been an evolution of the entire profession," says Tom Carpenter, president of the American Animal Hospital Assn. "Pocket pets and animals who wouldn't even have been taken to vets now go for regular visits." Suzanne Kramer of Chicago spent close to $380 on vet visits and drugs to treat a tumor in her hamster, Biffy, before he died last year. "Some might say: Well, he's just a hamster,' but I loved him," says Kramer. Barbara Miers of Rochester, N.Y., also took her son's hamster, Henry, to a vet and bought antibiotics for a tumor, even though the animal was nearing the end of his life span and died shortly after the final treatment. For Miers, the issue had parallels to human health. As she puts it: "Do you not give old people health care because they're old?" No wonder "it's a good time to be in our profession," as Carpenter says. A vet's job has become more wide-ranging and thus more lucrative. There are even animal grief counselors to help families cope with the demise of beloved pets. Not only is state-of-the-art technology such as magnetic resonance imaging, with costs that range around $1,500 a scan, now available in small-town labs, but consumers' expectations of medical care have been transformed. They want the same best-in-class care for their pets that they want for themselves. That's creating a market for new products like Pfizer Inc.'s (PFE ) dog-obesity drug Slentrol, which will cost $1 to $2 a day. Reconcile, a new drug from Eli Lilly & Co. (LLY ) for "canine separation anxiety," is based on the active ingredients in Prozac. Lilly has not suggested a retail price for Reconcile, and vets have a lot of latitude in deciding how much to charge for it. Overall, sales of pet health products have grown at a compound annual growth rate of 8.8% in recent years, more than double the rate in the late 1990s. There's little doubt that human-quality care has helped to extend radically the life span of pets. Dogs routinely live 12 to 14 years now, a big jump from the average a few decades ago. John Payne, acting CEO of Banfield, the Pet Hospital, likes to boast that his cat, Gizmo, stayed perky until he died last November at the advanced age of 23 1/2.. More than 60% of new customers of his chain, which has more than 600 locations nationwide, enroll their pets in wellness plans. One reason is that standard pet insurance often doesn't cover preventive care. While pet insurance is still in its infancy, with 1% of owners having coverage, the number of clients is growing by double digits each year. Jamie Ward invested in a $25.77-a-month plan with Veterinary Pet Insurance (VPI) for her American Staffordshire terrier, Loki, only to discover that it didn't cover any of the $2,000 in expenses for a kneecap injury. (VPI says it abided by the terms of the contract.) The ever-expanding roster of drugs and treatment can run into tens of thousands of dollars in expenses, creating a dilemma for owners. Steve Zane of Hoboken, N.J., choked slightly when a veterinarian presented him and his wife, Lily, an estimate of $3,700 to help cure liver failure in their cat, Koogle, over Christmas. "We looked at each other and said: Well, he's family,'" recalls Zane, a graphic designer who's still paying off the final bill for the recovered cat. "If it had been $15,000, I think we would almost have had to say no." The anthropomorphization of pets has also created the perception that they have human problems such as separation anxiety and depression. While a number of vets say such issues are real, especially just after the death of a dog's four-footed chum or the removal of puppies, others say it simply creates yet more opportunities for new products. Americans are expected to spend 52% more on medicines to treat their pets this year than they spent five years ago. Drugmakers love the category because, compared with human drugs, there's less risk of liability, less competition, and less pressure to switch to generics because so few consumers carry pet insurance. Even so, Dawn M. Boothe, a professor of clinical physiology and pharmacology in the Auburn University College of Veterinary Medicine, argues that "the recovery of costs" for drug companies may take a long time as people may scoff at pricey treatments for pets. Much of the attention is going to the growing problem of pet obesity. As many as 40% of dogs are estimated to be overweight or obese, with similarly high rates among cats, thanks to the indulgent habits of their owners. Being plied with carob bonbons all day while getting rolled around in an all-terrain stroller (retail price: about $210) is not an ideal lifestyle for any animal. People who overeat or don't get enough exercise tend to draw their pets into the same behavior, vets say, and the growing inclination to regale pets with treats has come at a cost to their waistline. Along with creating interest in new anti- obesity drugs, it's prompting interest in diet pet food. It has also created a market for procedures including pet liposuction, which is becoming more common in cities like Los Angeles where owners are used to getting nips and tucks for themselves. And for some pet lovers, no medical procedure is too extreme. Plastic surgeons offer rhinoplasty, eye lifts, and other cosmetic procedures to help tone down certain doggy features, from droopy eyes to puggish noses. Root canals, braces, and even crowns for chipped teeth are also becoming more popular. Some might question whether all this primping and pampering of pets has the makings of a bubble that could have owners telling Fido to get his own damn bone once the economy takes a turn. After all, Paola Freccero admits that when she grew up in Massachusetts, "Pets were pets. You didn't dress them, you didn't feed them special food, you didn't take them to play dates." But thanks to the advice of her vet and what she read on the Internet, she wouldn't serve up anything but the best for her puggle (pug/beagle mix), Lucy, including treats at $2 apiece. And from the moment Eric Olander paid $500 for a plane ticket to get a stray chow chow mix from Atlanta to his home in Los Angeles, the dog has been a focal point of his life. "I call him my 401(k) with paws," he says, "because that's where all my money goes."	cc/2020-05/en_head_0067.json.gz/line261
__label__wiki	0.844144	0.844144	David W. J. Gill, Winifred Lamb: Aegean Prehistorian and Museum Curator. Oxford: Archaeopress, 2018. Pp. vi, 276. ISBN 9781784918798. £30.00 (pb). Reviewed by Natalia Vogeikoff Brogan, American School of Classical Studies at Athens (nvogei@ascsa.edu.gr) Publisher's Preview David Gill's long-awaited biography of pioneer British archaeologist Winifred Lamb (1894-1963) is finally out. It is the product of thorough and tireless research in the archives of the Fitzwilliam Museum, the British School of Athens (BSA), and the Lamb family archive; Gill also draws on reminiscences of people who had known Lamb personally. Gill's interest in Lamb dates from the time he was responsible for the Greek and Roman collections at the Fitzwilliam and developed an interest in the curatorial history of the collection. As Gill mentions in the acknowledgements, many of the book's themes have already appeared in other publications. The volume is divided into eleven chapters, and an introduction where Gill spells out why Lamb deserved a biography: first, because she had a long and distinguished academic career both as a museum curator and as a field archaeologist; second, because she was involved with British archaeological initiatives through her association with the BSA and the British Institute of Archaeology at Ankara; third, because her life and career intersected with those of many important men and women in the field of Classics and archaeology; and last, but not least, because she broke ground both by directing excavations in Greece and Turkey at a time when this privilege was reserved only for men and by holding an influential curatorial position in a British museum. Chapter One, the result of thorough genealogical research, focuses on the origins of Lamb's family which offered an affluent environment with political connections and was supportive of women's education. She was also raised as a Roman Catholic and, although there are very few manifestations of religious expression in her diaries, it explains her decision to finance the construction of a Catholic church late in her life. In 1913, just before the outbreak of WW I, Lamb was admitted to Newnham College at Cambridge, the school that both Lamb's mother, and Jane Harrison, had attended. Chapter Two explores Lamb's years at Cambridge, the people who influenced her academic thought, and the friendships she made. Because of war, these were carefree years; for Lamb they were marred by family casualties. In addition to offering relief to the wounded, Lamb did not hesitate to voice concerns about conscription, defending the conscientious objectors on several occasions. For her political beliefs, she was excluded from the classes of William Ridgeway, who considered her stance unpatriotic. Gill traces her future interest in iconographic studies back to the classes she took with Arthur Bernard Cook. The person, however, who must have influenced Lamb more than any other in developing an interest in Greek figured pottery was John Beazley, with whom she worked closely in what was known as Room 40 of Naval Intelligence (1917-1918). In Chapter Three, Gill explores Lamb's service at Naval Intelligence where, in addition to Beazley, she met several other archaeologists, among them Richard Dawkins, John Myres, and Alan Wace; it was also at this time that she became friends with Sydney Cockerell, Director of the Fitzwilliam Museum. Cockerell would invite Lamb to become the Honorary Keeper of the museum in 1920. Chapter Four is devoted to Lamb's year in Athens as a student at the BSA in 1920-1921, her travels throughout Greece, and her participation in the excavations at Mycenae, directed by Wace. There, excavating side by side with Carl W. Blegen and Axel Boethius, she learned archaeological methodology. Until then it was rare for women to participate in fieldwork. Gill hints that she may have been allowed to do so because her family contributed financially to the dig. Even so, the fact is that she inspired confidence in Wace. In this chapter Gill also briefly introduces the reader to the intellectual war that had broken out around this time between "islanders," such as Arthur Evans, and "mainlanders," such as Wace and Blegen, over the supremacy of mainland Greece in the Late Bronze Age. Lamb's positive experience at Mycenae led to a lifelong interest in Aegean prehistory. In the fifth chapter, Gill focuses on the history of the formation of the Classical collections at the Fitzwilliam Museum and Cockerell's role in creating the position of the Honorary Keeper. Lamb, as soon as she was invited to fill that position, took it upon herself to create a prehistoric gallery and to display the collection of Cypriot antiquities. Gill explains at length the interest at Cambridge in prehistory, first through the influence of William Ridgeway, whose pupils included Alan Wace, and second through the fieldwork of the BSA on Crete, Melos, Thessaly, and Macedonia during the first two decades of the 20th century. With the opening of the Mycenae excavations in 1920 there was one more reason for Lamb to concentrate on the prehistoric gallery, which she embellished with many new cases. For support she enlisted many subscribers, which suggests that her ability to attract donors was one of the reasons she was offered the Honorary Keepership. Gill discusses several of Lamb's new acquisitions in the 1920s and 1930s, including the Fitzwilliam Goddess (1926), which she later came to regret. In Chapter Six we find Lamb digging for two more seasons at Mycenae, co-signing excavation reports with Wace, and giving lectures about Mycenaean architecture when in England. However, the termination of Wace's directorship at the BSA in 1923 would bring an end to the Mycenae excavation. Gill attributes the end of Wace's term to his antagonism with Evans, although in a recent article Yannis Galanakis argues, based on his study of the Wace archive, that this is a false premise.1 Wace's departure coincided with a change of focus at the BSA. For the next two decades or so the School would direct its energy and resources to the excavation of Archaic and Classical sites, particularly Sparta. After one season at Sparta (1924), Lamb, a committed prehistorian by now, joined Walter Abel Heurtley's dig at Vardaroftsa (Axiohori) near Kilkis (1925). To Gill, her experience in Macedonia prepared Lamb for her later work on Lesvos and at Kusura, as she was looking for links between Macedonia, the northern Aegean, and western Anatolia. After a brief search of potential dig sites in Epirus and Aitolia (1928), Lamb decided to start her own excavation on the island of Lesvos. In Chapter Seven Gill returns to the Fitzwilliam Museum with a detailed account of the development of its Classical collections based on Lamb's scholarly interests, as well as her goal to fill the gaps in the collections. For example, her work on Classical sites such as Sparta (1924) and later Chios (1934) coincided with her interest in building the bronze collections of the museum. Following Beazley's publication of the Greek vases at the Ashmolean, Lamb published the pottery from the collections of the Fitzwilliam in two highly praised fascicules of the Corpus Vasorum Antiquorum (1930, 1936). Gill's review of her scholarship in the 1920s and 1930s shows the extent of Lamb's knowledge and expertise. Chapter Eight focuses on Lamb's excavations on the island of Lesvos. Having acquired field experience at Mycenae, Sparta, and Macedonia, and having become independently wealthy after her father's death (1925), Lamb felt ready to direct her own excavation. Seeking connections between Greece and Anatolia, Lamb chose the island of Lesvos in the northern Aegean. From 1929 until 1932 she and Richard W. Hutchinson dug the site of Thermi, where she discovered an Early Bronze Age settlement contemporary to that of Troy I. In addition to the importance of her finds, Lamb acquired a reputation for being a meticulous excavator by paying attention to the stratigraphy, as well as collecting and analyzing organic and inorganic remains. Her final publication in 1936 was praised by several reviewers including Gordon V. Childe, Alan Wace, and George Mylonas. While digging at Thermi, Lamb also sank trenches at Antissa (1931-1933) to explore the post-Mycenaean and Early Iron Age occupation of the island. Lamb personally funded both excavations since she could not get the formal support of the BSA which was then funding Humphrey Payne's excavations at Perachora and Heurtley's new project on Homeric Ithaca. Between 1932 and 1935 Lamb made exploratory trips in Turkey in search of a new site. The subject of Chapter Nine is Lamb's excavations at the site of Kusura, near Afyon Karahisar, which was situated at one of the three major routes connecting the Aegean with Anatolia. Looking for parallels with Thermi and Troy I, Lamb dug there for two seasons (1936-1937), discovering a town and a cemetery spanning three periods from the Early to the Late Bronze Age. Again the importance of Lamb's excavations in understanding the links between the Aegean and western Anatolia was duly recognized by her peers. WW II put an end to her fieldwork in Anatolia. The last two chapters relate Lamb's life during WW II and after. As she had done in WW I, she made her knowledge and expertise available to her country. From 1942 until 1946 Lamb worked in the Near Eastern department of the BBC, preparing intelligence reports on Axis propaganda in Turkey. Unfortunately, she was injured by a German rocket during the last days of the war. Although she eventually recovered, the incident had lasting effects, which caused her not to undertake new fieldwork. In the following years she would direct her energy towards the establishment of the British Institute of Archaeology in Ankara and continued writing about the connections between Aegean and Anatolia, all while also taking care of the collections at the Fitzwilliam. Nevertheless, after WWII she tried to resign from the Keepership three times; her resignation was finally accepted in 1957, after 39 years of service. Gill concludes Lamb's biography by reviewing her role as a benefactor of the Fitzwilliam, and her legacy as a curator, scholar, and a pioneering woman archaeologist. Gill has produced a solid biography about one of the most important women in the history of British archaeology in Greece and Turkey during the first half of the 20th century. Lamb's curatorial work at the Fitzwilliam can only be compared with that of Gisela Richter at the Metropolitan Museum in New York, while her fieldwork is on par with that of Hetty Goldman with whom she shared many similarities. They both came from privileged backgrounds and used their personal wealth to finance their own excavations at a time when neither the BSA nor the American School of Classical Studies at Athens would appoint women as directors of field projects. Gill is also good at following Lamb's intellectual development and the respect she acquired from her academic colleagues, not only because of the work she did in the field and at the Fitzwilliam, but also because of her publications and public presentations. The lack of a seamless narrative, however, makes it difficult to read Lamb's biography from cover to cover. The fact that some of the book's chapters have appeared before creates a degree of repetition and disrupts the flow. The book would also have benefitted from a careful editing (e.g., use of adverb "formerly," instead of "formally," pp. 115 and 215). Another serious flaw in this biography is the lack of photos. As a reader I had a hard time visualizing Lamb and her work, although she was an accomplished photographer and there are excellent photos of her excavations in the BSA Archives. Finally, the reader is left to wonder about Lamb's personal life and what else she did besides being an "Aegean prehistorian and museum curator." Archaeologists do not live in a vacuum: friendships, lovers, and family relationships shape people's lives and careers. Despite some minor flaws, the result is a well-researched book which is destined to become a reference work for anyone studying the development of Classical studies at one of England's premier universities or the history of British archaeology in the eastern Mediterranean. 1. Galanakis, Y. 2015. " 'Islanders vs. Mainlanders,' 'The Mycenae Wars,' and other short stories: an archival visit to an old debate," in Carl W. Blegen: personal & archaeological narratives, N. Vogeikoff-Brogan, J. L. Davis, V. Florou (eds.), Atlanta, pp. 99-120.	cc/2020-05/en_head_0067.json.gz/line265
__label__wiki	0.633428	0.633428	Tag: Tesla BusinessFinanceMarketsTechnology Elon Musk wants to sell you a Tesla and solar panels in ‘5 minutes’ BusinessTransportation Mercedes finally reveals price of its at-home battery BusinessTransportationTravel Elon Musk just announced awesome news for Tesla Model 3 owners The Tesla Model three is going to deliver “Ludicrous” mode for buyers. Tesla CEO Elon Musk revealed via Twitter on Friday night that the upgrade will be available on the $35,000 vehicle. @vigneshraju of course — Elon Musk (@elonmusk) April 30, 2016 Ludicrous mode is a popular feature on Tesla’s more expensive models that enables Teslas to […] by Peter Mondrose May 2, 2016, 9:51 am BusinessTechnologyTransportation Ford is prepping a long-range electric vehicle to compete with Tesla Ford Motor Company is developing a new long-range electric vehicle that will compete with electric cars from Tesla and GM. The company says the new vehicle will be able to travel at least 200 miles on a single charge. “Our approach, very simply, is we want to make sure that we’re either among the leaders […] by John Howard April 28, 2016, 11:31 am Tesla Model X recalled over safety problem with its third-row seats Tesla said Monday that it is issuing a recall for most of its Model X SUV models because of a safety problem with the vehicle’s seats. Tesla is asking that customers do not allow anyone to ride in the third row until the problem is fixed. Tesla said an improperly made part could allow the […] by John Howard April 11, 2016, 2:18 pm Tesla says 325,000 pre-orders for the Model 3 just made product history Tesla on Thursday announced that it has sold more than 325,000 pre-orders for its mass market Model 3 sedan. Pre-orders require a $1,000 deposit and the cars won’t even roll off the Tesla production line until late 2017 or early 2018. The company says the aggregate value of the reservations when paid in full is more […] by John Howard April 7, 2016, 11:15 am Tesla’s Model X is finally delivering good production numbers The Tesla Model X is finally rolling off assembly lines at the rates the electric car company had originally hoped to deliver. The crossover car with its falcon-wing doors debuted on September 29 and was hit with significant delays. Tesla managed to deliver only 206 of the cars in the fourth quarter of 2015. In […] by John Howard April 5, 2016, 9:22 am BusinessMarketsTransportation Tesla Model 3 grabs $7.5 billion in sales in first 24 hours The Tesla Model 3 is a huge success and it won’t even debut until the end of 2017. Tesla CEO Elon Musk debuted the new family sedan during an event on Thursday night and by 11:00am the company had sold 180,000 cars through its pre-order portal. Musk explained that the average selling price of the […] by John Howard April 1, 2016, 2:33 pm Tesla unveils the model 3 and people are going nuts Before the Tesla Model 3 could even be unveiled on Thursday night more than 115,000 people had put down $1,000 to reserve one of the vehicles. Those numbers only continued to climb after CEO Elon Musk debuted the new $35,000 electric car. The family sedan goes from zero to 60 in less than 6 seconds […] Customers are lining up this morning to buy Tesla Model 3’s Earlier this week we reported on a guy in Australia who was waiting outside a Tesla dealership to pre-order the company’s upcoming Model 3. That practice is now spreading to other locations. Tesla will begin accepting $1,000 reservation deposits for its mid-priced Model 3 when stores open Thursday morning and buyers are ready to jump on-board […] by John Howard March 31, 2016, 9:20 am RetailTransportation Tesla already has someone waiting in line for the Model 3 Tesla hasn’t even revealed the Model 3 and there is people lining up to hopefully place their name at the top of the waiting list for the yet to be produced vehicle. Okay so it’s only one guy in Australia, but he’s been camping out in front of his local Tesla store for a full two days. […] by John Howard March 29, 2016, 12:41 pm The Tesla Model 3 will be unveiled on March 31 The Tesla Model 3 will be unveiled at a small press event on March 31, but the electric car maker is already releasing a few details about the latest car. The details were released in invitations sent to current Tesla owners and the media. The most important detail released Wednesday is that there will be […] by John Howard March 16, 2016, 3:43 pm There’s now a Tesla Model S for kids to drive The Tesla Model S is now available in a smaller size — small enough for kids to drive! The replica is the brainchild of Tesla and American toy company, Radio Flyer. The famed toy wagon company and America’s most recognizable electric car manufacturer, teamed up to create a kid-sized Model S. The mini Model S, […] by John Howard February 16, 2016, 10:22 am	cc/2020-05/en_head_0067.json.gz/line268
__label__wiki	0.645011	0.645011	Volume 10, Bulletin 18 -- June 19, 2003 [or see pdf version] [or jump to the previous bulletin] Senate Panel Approves Homeland Security Bill That Advantages Small States Over California Ways & Means Considers Bush Plan to Alter Foster Care Program Committee Approves Head Start Overhaul Bill, Some States To Be Granted Greater Authority Senate Finance Considers U.S.-Chile and U.S.-Singapore Agreements House Judiciary Subcommittee Considers State Sovereignty And Intellectual Property Protection PPIC Unveils Two Trade Reports; Details At Monday's Lunch Briefing California Bay-Delta Actions Announced Senate Retains Energy Bill's Ethanol Mandate, Safe Harbor Provisions Despite California Opposition National Aquatic Invasive Species Act of 2003 Considered by Senate House Subcommittee Hears Testimony on Section 8 Program House Agriculture Committee Reviews Status of Multilateral/Bilateral Agricultural Trade Negotiations Hispanics Become Largest Minority in U.S. Friday (June 20) Briefing To Feature Transportation California California Biotech Reception on Tuesday, June 24 Reminder: California State Society Picnic, Saturday on the Mall To expand communications between Washington and California, the California Institute provides periodic faxed bulletins regarding current activity on Capitol Hill which directly impacts our state. Bulletins are published weekly during sessions of Congress, and occasionally during other periods. The e-mail edition is made possible in part by in kind donations from Sun Microsystems and IBM Corp. By a vote of 17 to 0 on Tuesday, June 17, 2003, the Senate Committee on Government Affairs approved S. 1245, which seeks to coordinate federal homeland security grants but which also retains an unusually large "small-state minimum" provision for funds distribution. The bill, entitled the Homeland Security Grant Enhancement Act of 2003, requires that every state receive at least three-fourths of one percent of total funding (and the four territories would each receive one-quarter of one percent). In essence, the provision requires that the every state receive an equal share of the first 40% of funds. The remaining 60% would then be allocated according to "(A) population and population density; (B) threat, risk, and vulnerability of critical infrastructure or key national assets ... ; and (C) any other factors identified by the Secretary [of Homeland Security]." In FY 2003, the Department (DHS) used only state population to allocate the remainder, so the addition of threat and vulnerability factors will change the allocation somewhat. However, in that year the Department added additional formula funds to the small states, despite the fact that many were already to receive far more funding per capita than large states. For 2003, California received 7.95 percent of the nation's nearly $2 billion for Homeland Security State Grants, despite the fact that the state houses more than 12 percent of the nation's population. (Some California advocates also note that the state's coastal and border location might justify an even greater share of homeland security funds, as compared to states further inland.) Comparing receipts per capita, California received $4.68 in total funding for every person in the state, whereas far more per capita went to Wyoming ($35.31), Vermont ($29.37), North Dakota ($28.68), Alaska ($28.31), Delaware ($23.43), and Montana ($21.28). According to figures from the California Institute, using capabilities developed pursuant to the Federal Funds and California project -- a joint venture with the Public Policy Institute of California (PPIC) - the state would have received $229.2 million (or $6.53 per capita) if DHS had used a more common allocation method. That level is approximately $65 million more than DHS allocated. For a state-by-state breakout of FY 2003 formula grant spending, comparing actual allocations with a more typical approach, see http://www.calinst.org/datapages/DHS.htm . The Senate bill would also require states to forward at least 80 percent of funding to first responders, require 25% of funds be matched by the state or local government spending the money (effective two years after enactment), and prohibit federal funds from supplanting existing state and local expenditures. In a related development, the House Appropriations Committee on June 17 approved the Homeland Security funding bill for FY2004. During markup, the committee defeated (25-33) an amendment by ranking Democrat David Obey (WI) to add $1 billion to upgrade security at ports, airports and borders. The bill is nearly identical to that passed by the Homeland Security Subcommittee on June 12. See Bulletin, Vol. 10, No 17 (6/12/2003). On Wednesday, June 11, the House Ways & Means Subcommittee on Human Resources, chaired by Rep. Wally Herger (Marysville), held a hearing to consider changes proposed by President Bush to the federal foster care program. Federal support for foster care comes via two sources, a discretionary grant program (Title IV-B) and an open-ended matching-grant entitlement program (Title IV-E). Approximately $5 billion of the $7 billion in federal foster care spending is via the entitlement, which reimburses states for the cost of providing 24-hour substitute care for children who are under the jurisdiction of the administering state agency and need temporary placement and care outside their homes. The Administration's foster care proposal would give states the option of converting their Title IV-E entitlement funds to a 5-year fixed-funding alternative financing scheme, similar to a block grant, which can be used for a more flexible array of activities and which proponents say will provide a state more funds in that period's early years than the current-law approach. California has been the destination for one-quarter of the nation's foster care entitlement expenditures over the past 11 years, and during the past decade the program grew faster in California (204%) than in the nation as a whole (137%). The federal foster care program is the eighth-largest federal formula grant for the nation as a whole and the fourth-largest for California. Despite the foster care formula's use of the Federal Medicaid Assistance Percentage (FMAP) to cut Title IV-E funds to states (such as California) with above-average incomes, the state received $1.1 billion, or 25.8% of the nation's grants, in 2001. (This information was developed pursuant to the Federal Grants and California project, a joint venture between the Public Policy Institute of California (PPIC) and the California Institute. For more information, see http://www.calinst.org/formulas.htm ). At the Ways & Means hearing, the panel heard testimony from Dr. Wade F. Horn, Assistant Secretary of the Administration for Children and Families at the U.S. Department of Health and Human Services (HHS). In addition, a second panel included Barbara Riley from the Ohio Department of Job and Family Services, Elaine M. Ryan of the American Public Human Services Association, Dianne Edwards from the Sonoma County Human Services Department, and Terry L. Cross from the National Indian Child Welfare Association. Chairman Herger opened the hearing with the comment that "It's time to begin thinking about how we can help States provide more comprehensive and coordinated services to children and families," adding, "States should have ample flexibility to use the resources we provide to best protect vulnerable children." A number of witnesses expressed dissatisfaction with the entitlement program's focus on out-of-home placements rather than services designed to return children to families or place them in adoptive environments. Assistant Secretary Horn noted that the Administration proposal would allow the state to choose between the existing entitlement or fixed but flexible funding. The amount of a fixed grant is not delineated in the proposal, but would be worked out by the Department of Health and Human Services (HHS) in consultation with states and would be determined "using historical expenditure information." Horn also noted that the proposal includes a maintenance-of-effort requirement so states would be required to sustain their existing level of investment. The plan would eliminate the so-called "AFDC look-back," whereby providers must determine foster care eligibility based on standards in the now-defunct AFDC welfare program. AFDC was replaced by the TANF block grant six years ago, and the need to look back to outdated rules adds administrative burdens. The Administration also proposes to allow states to tap the TANF contingency fund in the event of an unanticipated emergency. In addition, it would create a new Indian tribe set-aside and another set-aside for HHS administration. The witnesses from outside the Administration supported some aspects of the proposal, but expressed concern that foster care be maintained as an entitlement program. Sonoma County's Dianne Edwards, a past president of the County Welfare Directors Association of California (CWDA), appeared to provide a local-level perspective on the proposals. (California is among 12 states where counties operate foster care.) She expressed support for efforts to increase "front-end" prevention services to reduce families involvement with child protective services, as well as for increased Title IV-E funding flexibility generally, and changing the AFDC look-back specifically. However, she expressed concerns that the proposal's financing mechanism will reduce, rather than increase, foster care services over the long run, and questioned whether a state could truly opt back out of the fixed-funding approach if needs changed. Edwards said that, without assurances of funding growth when necessary, the organizations she represents would be unable to support the proposal. She commented that "a better option would be to increase flexibility in the use of federal Title IV-E funding and eliminate the unnecessary AFDC look-back requirements, while maintaining the entitlement nature of Title IV-E." She also expressed concern that not all needy areas would benefit from the proposal's increased access to the TANF contingency fund, such as in counties where unemployment rates rise more sharply than the state as a whole, and she suggested a county or sub-state region be made eligible to tap the fund. She expressed support for many provisions of H.R. 1534, introduced by Rep. Ben Cardin (MD). Ohio's Barbara Riley testified in support of greater program flexibility, criticizing the existing segregation of funding streams, but said that "any flexible funding model must occur in the context of preserving a federal entitlement for foster care maintenance funds, while also creating a more rational array of funding incentives." Elaine Ryan of APHSA supported delinking foster care eligibility from AFDC and efforts to allow Title IV-E funds to fund front-end services, and she noted that cuts in Social Services Block Grant (SSBG) funding have put a strain on child welfare services. She lauded the Administration proposal's allowing states to cover all children, regardless of income. She noted that the selection of baseline and other financing provisions would be of keen interest to states, as would be adequate time to implement changes, and she urged that states be allowed to opt back out of the flexibility option after the five-year change. She also recommended that any AFDC look-back changes allow for inflation-adjustment. In addition to the foster care plan, the Administration has proposed changes to the Adoption Incentive Program, including expanding eligibility for children age 9 and older. Sonoma County's Dianne Edwards suggested that the AFDC look-back rules should be changed in this proposal as well. For testimony and other information, visit http://www.waysandmeans.house.gov . After a day-and-a-half mark up session, the House Committee on Education and the Workforce approved the Head Start reauthorization bill (H.R. 2210, The School Readiness Act) on a party line vote of 27 to 20 on Thursday, June 19, 2003. The bill reported to the House floor closely resembles the same measure passed by the Subcommittee on Education Reform the preceding week, retaining the controversial state-administered pilot program provision of the bill. See, Bulletin, Vol. 10, No.17 (6/12/03). Current law authorizes the Department of Health and Human Services to administer grants directly to public and private local service providers bypassing the states entirely. Some funds identified as collaboration grants are set aside to help states with coordination of pre-kindergarten programs. Republicans, led by Committee Chair John Boehner (OH) and bill author Rep. Mike Castle (DE), defended the demonstration program (Title II) stating that it would strengthen coordination and collaboration efforts for up to eight states wishing to benefit from the program. The demonstration program would give these states authority over Head Start funds without sacrificing commitment to high standards, according to proponents. In his opening remarks, Chair Boehner presented the demonstration program as a step forward for Head Start that would assist in improving fragmented delivery systems and preventing duplicitous actions at different levels of government. Committee Ranking Member George Miller (Martinez) and Rep. Lynn Woolsey (Petaluma) were concerned about the Republican strategy to shift Head Start authority to the states and transform the early education program into what they perceived as a block grant to cash strapped states. Citing a lack of specificity for upholding current federal standards, Rep. Miller described the demonstration program as a "risky experiment" that would provide the "blueprint for dismantling Head Start" while doing little to close the school readiness gap. Mr. Boehner reassured his colleagues, "Any participant (in the pilot program) must meet or exceed federal Head Start standards," he said, "if they won't, they won't qualify." The Miller/Woolsey amendment striking Title II in its entirety and increasing state collaboration grants by $5 million every year failed by a party-line vote of 21-26. The School Readiness Act increases teacher education level standards by requiring 50 percent of all Head Start teachers to have earned a BA degree by 2008 ( the current rate is 28 percent). A Democratic amendment that would have provided financial assistance in the form of stipends to encourage students to enter the Head Start teaching profession failed on a party-line vote. Democrats also objected to the bill's authorization level of $6.87 billion, a $202 million increase from FY 2003 levels, commenting that it would barely cover the cost of inflation and limit the expansion of services. A number of Democratic proposals failed over the course of the mark up session, including an amendment authored by Reps. Grijalva (AZ) and Hinojosa (TX) to augment set-aside funds for migrant and seasonal workers and Native Americans by 1 percent respectively. Throwing his support behind the amendment, Rep. Miller said it was unacceptable that only 19 percent of all eligible children from migrant and seasonal worker families were being served nationally by existing programs. In California, conditions were less adequate with only 10 percent of those eligible being served, according to Rep. Miller. The committee rejected the Grijalva-Hinojosa amendment 20 to 25, opting for a more modest increase offered by Rep. Ehlers that would authorize $17 million in supplemental funds for the migrant and seasonal worker community, providing for about 2,700 new slots (an 8% increase) while working within Congressional budgetary confines. Rep. Woolsey offered an amendment aimed at eliminating a provision enabling some Head Start providers to discriminate on the basis of religion when hiring staff. Woolsey thought such a practice was acceptable with the use of private dollars by faith based organizations offering Head Start services, but rejected such action as a misuse of federal funds and an encouragement of the practice of religious prejudice. Chair Boehner doubted the existence of instances whereby faith based organizations abused hiring practices. He argued that the provision in question would allow faith based organizations to participate in federal programs without forfeiting Title VII exemptions in the Civil Rights Act and that the language in HR 2210 was consistent with that of the Community Development Block Grant and Welfare Reform, both signed by President Clinton. The amendment failed on a party-line vote. Although the mark up was largely characterized by partisan differences, a number of bipartisan amendments were approved, including expansion of Head Start program to include homeless families and an initiative to strengthen the role of Head Start fathers in the development and education of pre-kindergartners. California received about $800 million in Head Start funds in FY 2002 (about 12.7% of the $6.3 billion allocated to all states). The providers in the state served nearly 100,000 individuals. Funds are allocated by state (although payments are made directly to providers) via formula based on a state's proportion of poor children under 5 years of age, though a hold-harmless provision provides that most funds are first allocated according to a state's funding level in 1998. For more information on the Committee mark up or the School Readiness Act, please visit the House Education and Workforce Committee website: http://edworkforce.house.gov . The Senate Finance Committee held a hearing on Tuesday, June 17 to consider the trade agreements that the United States has just concluded negotiating with Chile and Singapore. The agreements are the first to undergo Congressional consideration under the provisions of the Trade Promotion Act (TPA) passed in 2002.The United States signed the U.S.-Singapore Free Trade Agreement (FTA) on May 6, 200, and the U.S.-Chile FTA on June 6, 2003. Witnesses at the hearing included: Hon. Peter Allgeier, Deputy U.S. Trade Representative; James Jarrett, Vice President, Worldwide Government Affairs for Intel Corporation, Santa Clara, on behalf of the Business Software Alliance and the High-Tech Trade Coalition; Sandra Polaski, Senior Associate, Carnegie Endowment for International Peace; David Johnson, Executive Vice President and General Counsel, Warner Music Group, on behalf of the Entertainment Industry Coalition for Free Trade; and Paul Joffe, Senior Director for International Affairs, National Wildlife Federation. Ambassador Allgeier informed the Committee that in addition to the Chile and Singapore Agreements, the United States is currently negotiating FTAs with Australia, Central America (CAFTA), Morocco, and the South African Customs Union (SACU). It also intends to begin negotiations on an FTA with Bahrain early next year, and has launched the President's Enterprise for ASEAN Initiative and a Middle East trade initiative. He addressed several important aspects of the Agreements. In the Singapore Agreement these include the provisions on market access for services, such as banking and insurance, the agriculture, e-commerce, and intellectual property protection provisions. In the Chile Agreement, Ambassador Allgeier lauded the provisions on market access for goods, as well as increased access for agricultural products. He also noted that access for services will increase, as will non-discriminatory treatment of e-commerce. Both Mr. Jarrett and Mr. Johnson expressed unequivocal support for the two Agreements. Both noted the importance of the intellectual property protections included in the Agreements, as well as those provisions that will increase market access for U.S. exports. Ms. Polaski, a former State Department labor issue negotiator of the U.S.-Jordan FTA, noted that both Agreements call for each country to fully enforce their labor laws. She testified that on balance she found that those provisions "constitute an acceptable approach to protecting labor rights in the traded sectors of the economies of these two trading partners." She stated that, although "not perfect," both Chile and Singapore have laws affording basic protections to workers, and both countries enforce those laws "with reasonable vigor." Mr. Joffe testified that the Chile and Singapore Agreements make "modest progress in addressing environmental issues in trade agreements, but they leave significant gaps between rhetoric and results." He urged the Committee to address those gaps, including strengthening the language requiring consultation on Multilateral Environmental Agreements, and the language requiring that environmental standards not be lowered to gain trade and investment advantages. Congress will consider both Agreements under the new fast-track procedures of the 2002 TPA this summer. Testimony of all the witnesses can be obtained through the Committee's website at: http://www.senate.gov/~finance . The House Judiciary Subcommittee on Courts, the Internet, and Intellectual Property held a hearing on Tuesday, June 17 to consider H.R. 2344, the Intellectual Property Restoration Act of 2003. The bill, sponsored by Subcommittee Chairman Lamar Smith (TX) and Ranking Member Howard Berman (Valley Village), would legislatively overturn the effect of U.S. Supreme Court decisions (including Florida Prepaid) handed down in 1999. Under those decisions, the applicability of States' Eleventh Amendment sovereign immunity was broadened to claims for intellectual property infringement. As a consequence, although a state can sue infringers of its intellectual property for damages, it can turn around and assert sovereign immunity from claims against it for infringement of another's intellectual property. Senator Patrick Leahy (VT) has introduced a similar bill, S. 1191, in the Senate. H.R. 2344 would encourage States to waive their immunity from federal suits seeking monetary damages for infringement of intellectual property by prohibiting states that do not waive immunity from bringing infringement suits for damages against others. The bill also creates an exemption from sovereign immunity in the intellectual property field only to provide a remedy against States that choose not to waive their immunity, and codifies the judicially-created rule that notwithstanding a State's sovereign immunity, the employees of a State may be enjoined by a Federal court from engaging in illegal action. The Hon. Marybeth Peters, U.S. Register of Copyrights, testified in support of H.R. 2344 as a carefully balance bill that will rectify the imbalance caused by the Supreme Court's decisions. Even though there may be only a few instances where a state does infringe on another's intellectual property, Ms. Peters stated that "even a few acts of infringement by States, if unremedied, ought to be sufficient to justify congressional abrogation of state sovereign immunity." Other witnesses at the hearing were: Leslie Winner, General Counsel and Vice President, University of North Carolina; Mark Bohannon, General Counsel and Senior Vice President for Public Policy on behalf of Software and Information Industry Association (SIIA); and Paul Bender, Professor of Law, Arizona State University Law School. Ms. Winner testified that H.R. 2344 would have a grave impact on state universities that would not be able to protect their intellectual property rights nor pass that protection onto their private sector partners, if their state chose not to waive its immunity. Mr. Bohannon, on the other hand, stated that SIIA had identified 77 cases of state infringement of intellectual property rights leading up to the 1999 Supreme Court Florida Prepaid cases, of which half involved state higher education institutions, and strongly supported H.R. 2344 as an equitable solution to the currently unjust system. Testimony of all the witnesses can be obtained through the Committee's website at: http://www.house.gov/judiciary . The Public Policy Institute of California (PPIC) and the California Institute are hosting a briefing, entitled "The Globalization of California's Economy: Implications for Public Policy and the Private Sector", on Monday, June 23 from 12:30-1:30 PM in Room B-338 of the Rayburn House Office Building. At the lunch, PPIC will discuss two recently-released reports: Foreign Tariff Reductions and California Exports, by Jon D. Haveman, and Business Without Borders? The Globalization of the California Economy, by Howard J. Shatz. In his report, Haveman, a PPIC research fellow, looks at each of the trade agreements currently on the world agenda and finds the Asia-Pacific Economic Cooperation Forum (APEC) is most critical for California. His study also estimates that California's export growth would be $27 billion annually (a 24% increase) if our trading partners eliminated tariffs altogether. Shatz's report compares California's global economic activity to that of the rest of the nation and finds the state is on the cutting edge of some emerging trends - such as, the state's high level of services trade, it participation in production-sharing ventures (where components are assembled in different locations), and its tendency to ship goods by air (55% compared to 30% in the rest of the U.S.) Copies of their reports will be available at the lunch. To attend, please reply (acceptances only, thank you) to ransdell@calinst.org , fax to 202-546-2390, or call 202-546-3700. To view or download the reports, visit http://www.ppic.org . Gov. Gray Davis and Rep. Ken Calvert (Corona) made announcements this week concerning the California Bay-Delta restoration project. Gov. Davis appointed Patrick Johnston, James M. Costa, Susan P. Kennedy, Alfred Montna, and Paula A. Daniels as members of the California Bay-Delta Authority. He also announced that Patrick Wright will be the Executive Director. Mr. Wright, 42, of Davis, has been deputy secretary for the California Resources Agency since 1999 and acting director of the California Bay-Delta Authority since 2000. The Executive Director of the California Bay-Delta Authority is responsible for administering the affairs of the Bay-Delta Authority as directed by the Authority, directing the staff of the Authority, and planning, managing, directing, and coordinating the development and implementation of long-term solutions to problems in the Bay-Delta Estuary. Senators Costa and Johnston are former members of the California State Senate and Assembly. Ms. Kennedy is currently a commissioner with the California Public Utilities Commission. Mr. Montna is the owner and operator of a rice farming and drying business, and a partner in a rice marketing firm. Ms. Daniels is an attorney and is currently of counsel to Litt and Associates. Rep. Calvert announced that his House Resources Subcommittee on Water and Power will hold three field hearings as a continuation of the subcommittee's analysis and evaluation of the CALFED program. On Saturday, June 28, hearings will be held at 9:00 a.m. and 2:00 pm in Tulare and Sacramento, respectively. On Tuesday, July 1, the Subcommittee will hold a hearing at 11:00 a.m. in San Diego. Locations for the hearings will be announced later. The subcommittee will hear testimony from invited governmental, private, and non-profit interests on potential water supply opportunities and challenges. The hearings will focus on options to develop new water storage, expand existing facilities, improve the movement of water and better utilize water recycling and desalination technologies in order to meet existing and future California water needs. For further information on the hearings, contact the Committee's website at: http://www.house.gov/resources or Joshua Johnson at 202-225-8331. Despite fierce opposition by California Senators Dianne Feinstein and Barbara Boxer, the Senate voted 67-29 to retain the ethanol mandate in its comprehensive Energy Bill, S. 14. The bill phases-in an increase in the amount of ethanol used in fuel to 5 billion gallons by 2012, double the production of the additive projected for this year. MTBE, previously the most widely-used fuel additive until it was found to contaminate ground water, is banned under the bill, and the federal two percent minimum oxygenate requirement is also eliminated. The bill, however, contains a "safe harbor" provision exempting producers of ethanol from product liability suits if in the future the additive is found to be harmful. During consideration of the bill, which is still pending in the Senate, Sens. Feinstein and Boxer offered several amendments to eliminate or water-down the ethanol mandate and safe harbor provisions. All of their attempts failed. Senator Boxer, however, was successful in adding a provision to the bill to encourage the use of agricultural waste in producing ethanol. Boxer argued that the amendment would increase the likelihood that ethanol will be produced in California, rather than having to be shipped in from other, primarily mid-western states, increasing its cost and potentially raising the cost of a gallon of gas. The Boxer amendment (also sponsored by Sen. Richard Lugar (IN), and approved by voice vote) would count each gallon of ethanol made from agricultural waste as 2.5 gallons in calculating compliance with the mandated levels of ethanol use. Boxer's attempt to strip the bill of the safe harbor provision was defeated 57-33. The House Energy Bill, H.R. 6, also contains ethanol and safe harbor provisions, and its safe harbor provision extends the product liability limitation to MTBE producers, as well as ethanol producers. The House passed its bill in April. Whether the Senate can finalize its bill and a conference committee successfully negotiate a compromise between the two versions this year remains to be seen. On Tuesday, June 17, 2003, the Senate Environment and Public Works Subcommittee on Fisheries, Wildlife and Water held a hearing on legislation regarding nonindigenous invasive aquatic species. The hearing centered around S. 525, the National Aquatic Invasive Species Act of 2003, which builds on existing programs, establishes a mandatory national Ballast Water Management Program, minimum requirements for all ships operating in U.S. waters, and addresses the potential introduction of aquatic invasive species by other non-water means, including the pet trade. Witnesses at the hearing included: Senator Carl Levin (MI); Barry Hill, Director of Interior Issues, Office of Environment and Natural Resources, U.S. General Accounting Office (GAO); Lori Williams, Executive Director, National Invasive Species Council; Joseph J. Angelo, Director of Standards, U.S. Coast Guard; Matthew Hogan, Deputy Director, U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service; Timothy R.E. Keeney, Deputy Assistant Secretary of Commerce for Oceans and Atmosphere; and G. Tracy Mehan, Assistant Administrator for Water, U.S. Environmental Protection Agency. According to the testimony, aquatic nuisances, compromised of harmful, nonnative microorganisms, pathogens, plants, fish, and animals, have cost our nation billions of dollars in lost revenue and efforts to control them in order to protect commerce and the environment. Recent estimates state that invasive species cost the U.S. at least $138 billion per year and that 42 percent of the species on the Threatened and Endangered Lists are at risk, primarily due to the threat of invasive species. Invasive species usually have high reproductive rates, disperse easily, and can tolerate a wide range of environmental conditions, making them very difficult to eradicate. They often lack predators in their new environment and out-compete native species for prey and breeding sites. In many instances aquatic nuisance species enter waterways through ship ballast water. In recent years California's waters have also been hurt by some aquatic invasive species, including the European green crab and the Chinese mitten crab, which have become established in the Bay Area. The State is home to the Port of Long Beach, the third busiest container port in the world, and the Port of Los Angeles, the number one busiest container port in the world. The testimony of witnesses targeted issues such as the presence of invasive species in the Great Lakes, and the need for the U.S. Coast Guard and Environmental Protection Agency to set interim and final ballast water management standards, as proposed by S. 525. Other issues raised ranged from the findings of a 2002 GAO Report and the implementation of the National Management Plan for managing invasive species and ballast water. For more information about the hearing, or to obtain the testimony of witnesses, visit the Fisheries, Wildlife and Water Subcommittee website at: http://epw.senate.gov. The House Financial Services' Housing and Community Opportunity Subcommittee heard testimony on Tuesday, June 17, on the Section 8 Program, which provides low-income, elderly, and disabled persons with housing assistance vouchers. Witnesses testified on the Bush Administration's Housing Assistance for Needy Families (HANF) proposal, which would establish Section 8 as a block grant to the states and consolidate administration of the program at the state level. The Administration argues that shifting control of housing assistance for the poor from the federal government to the states would give states more flexibility in using federal housing dollars and remove some federal rules. This hearing was the third in a series of hearings that the Subcommittee has held to examine the Administration's proposal. Panelists appearing before the Subcommittee included: Conrad Egan, President and CEO, National Housing Conference; Howard Husock, Alfred Taubman Center for State and Local Government, John F. Kennedy School of Government, Harvard University; Bruce J. Katz, Director, Center on Urban and Metropolitan Policy, The Brookings Institution; Jill Khadduri, Principal Associate, Abt Associates Inc., Ed. Olsen, Professor of Economics, University of Virginia; Margery Austin Turner, Director, Metropolitan Housing and Communities Center, The Urban Institute; Sheila Crowley, President, National Low Income Housing Coalition; Henry Harraffa Jr., Councilmember, Gaithersburg, MD, appearing on behalf of the National League of Cities; Ann O'Hara, Associate Director, Technical Assistance Collaborative, on behalf of the Consortium for Citizens with Disabilities Housing Task Force; and John Sidor, The Helix Group. The Section 8 program, which provides vouchers to eligible recipients for lease or purchase of affordable privately-owned rental housing, has been the centerpiece of federal housing policy for nearly 30 years. The program allows its participants to pay no more than 30 percent of their income in rent up to a certain limit, while the federal government matches the rest of the cost. Of $4.3 billion in nationwide funding for Section 8 housing assistance in FY 2002, Californians received $158 million, or 3.7 percent of the total funding. Several states received considerably more, including New York ($1.1 billion), Illinois ($309 million), Pennsylvania ($267 million), New Jersey ($238 million), and Ohio ($192 million). Some panelists, including Mr. Husock, Ms. Khadduri, and Dr. Olsen, expressed support for the Administration's proposal to revamp the current administration and funding structure of the Section 8 program. Most of the other panelists, however, argued that although changes need to be made to the program, shifting control of housing vouchers to the states would pose a problem, particularly as the majority of states are facing fiscal deficits. For more information about this hearing or to obtain the testimony of witnesses, please visit the House Financial Services Committee website at: http://financialservices.houses.gov. Members of the House Agriculture Committee heard testimony on Wednesday, June 18, from three panels of stakeholders on the status of multilateral and bilateral agricultural trade negotiations, the most recent of which were concluded on May 6, 2003, when the U.S.-Singapore Free Trade Agreement was signed, and June 6, 2003, when the U.S.-Chilean Free Trade Agreement was signed. Among the fourteen witnesses that appeared before the Committee, Mr. Joe Zanger presented the California Farm Bureau Federation's perspective on the multilateral and bilateral negotiating process, and in particular on nut, fruit and vegetable (specialty crops) interests in the World Trade Organization (WTO) agricultural negotiations. The California Farm Bureau Federation (CFBF) is the state's largest general farm organization, representing more than 90,000 families. Mr. Zanger testified that CFBF strongly supports the Administration's efforts to secure broad and meaningful agricultural reform in the WTO talks. He urged a more aggressive approach in agricultural trade negotiations to lower tariffs for specialty crop exporters, even beyond what is agreed to in the WTO framework, by means of a formula that would zero out tariffs in equal installments over a five-year period. He argued that: "Significant reform is needed if the agreement is to make a difference in the future prospects for specialty crop growers in California and many other parts of the United States." Currently, tariffs on fruit, nut and vegetable products generally range from 30-50 percent on some commodities, and some exceed 80 percent, with many countries that offer the greatest potential for U.S. specialty crop exporters maintaining the highest tariffs. Mr. Zanger also urged prohibition of export subsidies by the European Union for its specialty crop producers. He cited the EU's 1998 subsidization of 40 percent for its fruit and vegetable exporters and 28 percent for processed fruit and vegetable exports. This sharply contrasts with the United States' complete lack of such subsidies, and places U.S. exporters at a trading disadvantage when pitted against their European counterparts, particularly in third country markets. In addition, Mr. Zanger advocated the elimination of all amber box domestic supports, and urged capping the de minimis exemption to 2.5% of production value. He contrasted the United States' nonexistent amber box internal support payments to the EU's $11 billion of subsidization of its fruit and vegetable sector in 1999, and reiterated his argument that such a disparity between the levels of subsidization places U.S. specialty crop exporters at a significant disadvantage in the market. To get more information about this hearing, or to obtain witness testimony, please visit the House Agriculture Committee website at: http://agriculture.house.gov. According to new Census Bureau estimates, the Hispanic/Latino population leaped by almost 10 percent in two years to 38.8 million persons in 2002. This 9.8 percent growth rate outpaces that of the population as a whole (a 2.5 percent growth rate) and makes the Hispanic-origin (ethnicity) population now the largest minority in America. (The federal government treats Hispanic origin and race as separate and distinct concepts, with Hispanic ethnicity encompassing all races.) The new figures show Hispanics surpassing African Americans for the first time in history as the nation's largest minority group. Each group now represents about 13 percent of the U.S. population. The Census Bureau report identifies international migration as the cause of 53 percent of the latest growth among Hispanics/Latinos, while natural growth (the difference between births and deaths) accounted for the remaining 47 percent. The report also found that 21 percent of Hispanics/Latinos live below the poverty line and that although children from Hispanic/Latino families represent 18 percent nationally, they constitute 30 percent of all children living in poverty. Demographers are projecting that as many as 60 million Hispanics will populate America by 2020 if current trends continue. According to 2001 figures Hispanics represent 32 percent of the California population. To view a copy of this report visit: http://www.census.gov . California delegation staff and other interested parties will be briefed regarding federal transportation issues and the reauthorization of the Transportation Equity Act for the 21st Century (TEA-21) by the director of Transportation California, an organization representing the business, labor and construction community in the state. The group supports a TEA-21 reauthorization proposal set forth by Transportation and Infrastructure Committee Chair Don Young and Ranking Member James Oberstar. The lunch briefing, which will take place at 12:00 noon on Friday, June 20, 2003, in Room 1539 of the Longworth House Office Building, will discuss a number of reauthorization issues, including efforts to achieve six-year funding of $375 million, reform of the treatment of ethanol and other alternative fuel taxation, commitment to both highway and transit funding, adoption of alternative revenue sources, recognition of the special burdens placed on surface transportation infrastructure in states like California that serve as trade gateways, streamlining of environmental review processes, and funding equity for California. To attend, send email to ransdell@calinst.org , fax to 202-546-2390, or call 202-546-3700. On Tuesday, June 24, from 5:00 to 6:30 PM, in Room B-369 of the Rayburn House Office Building, California Congressional Delegation members and staff and others are invited to a reception celebrating the state's biomedical and biotechnical community. The event, titled "California Rolls with Biotech," is being held in conjunction with BIO 2003 in Washington DC. Sponsors of the BayBio reception are Gilead Sciences and Burrill & Company. Among those co-hosting the event are the Office of Governor Gray Davis, California Healthcare Institute, California Institute for Federal Policy Research, CSUPERB, Life Sciences Industry Council, Southern California Biomedical Council, University of California Washington, D.C. office, and UC Davis CONNECT. To attend, contact Jennifer Douglas at 650-871-7101 or email jdouglas@baybio.org . The California State Society of Washington DC will hold its annual summer picnic on Saturday, June 21, from 11:00 a.m. to 4:00 p.m. on the Mall at 15th Street and Constitution Avenue, NW (between 14th and 15th Streets), near the base of the Washington Monument. The picnic is free to CSS members, and a one-year membership may be purchased for $10 at the door. For details, see http://www.cssdc.org .	cc/2020-05/en_head_0067.json.gz/line269
__label__wiki	0.681165	0.681165	Volume 11, Bulletin 6 -- February 27, 2004 [or see pdf version] [or jump to the previous bulletin] Bipartisan California Delegation Letter Seeks USDA Help Against Pierce's Disease House Sends Senate Two-Month TEA-21 Extension, Supplementing an Earlier Four-Month Bill Governor Schwarzenegger Meets with Bipartisan California Congressional Delegation During D.C. Visit California Democrats Urge Joint Effort with Governor to Fight for FY05 Federal Funding Senate HELP Committee Holds Hearing on Higher Education Issues Water Agencies Addressed By Sen. Feinstein and Rep. Calvert Briefing Explores Welfare Reform Effects in California Study Shows State's Poor Are Better Off Than Expected, But Worse Off Than In Earlier Decades PPIC Examines Voter Attitudes About March 2nd Ballot Measures House Science Committee Reviews President's Space Initiative Hoover Institution Releases Immigration Report To expand communications between Washington and California, the California Institute provides periodic bulletins regarding current activity on Capitol Hill that affects our state. Bulletins are published weekly during sessions of Congress, and occasionally during other periods. The e-mail edition is made possible in part by in kind donations from Sun Microsystems and IBM Corp. A bipartisan majority of the California Congressional delegation signed a letter addressed to the United States Department of Agriculture (USDA) Secretary Ann Veneman, voicing "strong support" for the provision of additional funding to combat Pierce's Disease in California. Pierce's Disease is spread by the glassy-winged sharpshooter, which also spreads Almond Scorch, and is lethal to grapevines and almond trees. The letter notes that the further spread of the two diseases could cause immense harm to California's $2.8 billion grape industry and $838 million almond industry. According to the letter, the USDA is currently considering using funds, under the authority of the Department's glassy-winged sharpshooter emergency declaration of June 2000, to control and prevent the spread of the glassy-winged sharpshooter, the insect that most commonly spreads Pierce's Disease. The money under consideration would supplement $22 million in appropriated dollars to control the spread of the disease, of which $11 million would be available for pest emergencies. The total also includes $6 million for monitoring and "program action" in Kern, Riverside, Tulare, and Ventura counties, and $5 million for treatments by nurseries within the infested areas. As of February 25, 33 members on both sides of the aisle had signed the letter, which stated that "it is imperative that funding to combat Pierce's Disease be provided as soon as possible." Secretary Veneman, herself a former Secretary of the California Department of Food and Agriculture, is familiar with the needs of the state's wine, almond, and nursery industries. For more information about the letter, please contact Mike Holland in Rep. Bill Thomas' office at (202) 225-2915. House Sends Senate Two-Month TEA-21 Extension Bill, Supplementing an Earlier Four-Month Bill In the evening of Thursday, February 26, 2004, the House approved H.R. 3850, a bill to extend the nation's highway and transit law for two months -- from the end of February through the end of April. The measure, approved by unanimous consent, would further extend the existing extension bill that has been maintaining the functions of the Transportation Equity Act for the 21st Century (TEA-21) until Congress comes to a long-term agreement on reauthorizing the Act for six more years. The Senate is expected to pass the extension bill on Friday, February 27, as long as an increasingly-thorny issue regarding a September 11 commission can be worked out in the Senate. TEA-21, which governs the nation's highways and transit programs, expired at the end of last year's legislative session. Unable to agree on spending levels to TEA-21 successor, Congress approved an initial stop-gap measure maintaining authorizations for five months in September, 2003. Since then, a long term authorization bill has been approved in the Senate (S1072) and initial action has begun in the House. House Transportation and Infrastructure Committee Chairman Don Young (AK) hopes to to mark up the highways and transit authorization proposal on March 3, 2004, although differences of opinion regarding funding totals may continue to delay consideration. In anticipation of the extension's sunset on February 29, the House on February 11 unanimously approved a four-month extension, HR 3783, to keep TEA-21 programs operating through June. However, after some Senators protested that four months was too long a wait, Chairman Young floated a separate 60-day extension measure that was approved on the House floor Thursday and would run through April 30. For a discussion of the Senate-passed bill, see Bulletin, Vol. 11, No. 5 (2/13/2003). For additional information regarding California's share of the highway formula programs, see Tim Ransdell and Shervin Boloorian, Federal Formula Grants and California: Federal Highway Programs, a February 2003 report in a series (a joint venture between the California Institute and the Public Policy Institute of California) that examines California's share of federal grant programs prepared in, available on PPIC's website at http://www.ppic.org/main/publication.asp?i=467 . The California Institute has posted on its website a table showing each state's purported future share of total funding from the TEA-21 reauthorization proposals, including the Administration's SAFETEA proposal, the House's TEA-LU bill, and the Senate's bill. It is important to note that the amounts are as represented by the proposers. The table is available at http://www.calinst.org . In conjunction with the annual meeting of the National Governors' Association, California Governor Arnold Schwarzenegger visited Washington this week, and he met jointly and individually with a bipartisan cross section of California Congressional members during the trip. On Tuesday, February 24, 2004, the Governor and the California Members of Congress compared notes regarding base closures, transportation, health care and Medicaid, ethanol, the State Criminal Alien Assistance Program (SCAAP) and other issues. There was also discussion of ways to retrieve billions of additional federal dollars for the state, in line with the Governor's promise to be "the Collectinator" of federal funds from Washington. Among his meetings on Capitol Hill was one with Senate Appropriations Committee Chairman Ted Stevens (AK). Governor Schwarzenegger has focused considerable attention on efforts to improve California's share of federal funding, often noting that for every dollar in federal taxes paid by a California, the state receives back 77 cents in federal spending for grants, contracts, salaries and direct payments such as Social Security and medicare. For additional information about this "balance of payments deficit," visit the California Institute website at http://www.calinst.org . In related news, Governor Arnold Schwarzenegger appointed Lester Snow to head the California Department of Water Resources. Mr. Snow has over 25 years experience in public water resource management. He has served as the Mid-Pacific regional director of the U.S. Department of Interior's Bureau of Reclamation, and from 1995 to 1999 was the executive director of the CALFED Bay-Delta Program. The 33-members of the California Democratic Congressional Delegation wrote a letter to Governor Arnold Schwarzenegger on Thursday, February 26, 2004, urging him to join with them to "get California its fair share of federal funding" in FY05. The letter enclosed a list of several federal funding programs that the members cite as "areas where our state is being shortchanged through programs being eliminated, funding levels cut, programs being under funded, or other budget areas of concern." Among the programs cited in the list accompanying the letter are: elementary and secondary education, energy refunds, Medicaid, first responders funding, port security grants, the State Criminal Alien Assistance Program (SCAAP), the Community Oriented Policing Services (COPS) program, the State Children's Health Insurance Program (SCHIP), and the TEA-21 transportation reauthorization funding. The letter estimates that California could lose more than $20 billion if the President's budget proposal is adopted. Acknowledging that federal funds will be tight this fiscal year, the letter states: "But, we cannot afford to be passive in our response to the budget proposal. We must unite during the upcoming FY05 appropriations process to change these policy and funding situations in ways that will best benefit all Californians. A panel of higher education experts delivered testimony at a Senate hearing on quality and accountability in institutions of higher learning, on February 24, 2004. Committee on Health, Education, Labor and Pensions (HELP) Chair Judd Gregg (NH) convened the hearing to examine accreditation processes and their value in light of criticism over the decline of quality core curriculum programs in colleges and universities. Committee members received starkly contrasting accounts of the current system's accreditation status and worthiness. Sen. Gregg in his opening remarks expressed dismay at reports showing a decline in writing quality among recent college graduates and at the shrinking number of core subjects in many of today's college curricula. He acknowledged that accreditation represented one of many components that affect education quality, but he questioned the extent to which accreditation agencies, recognized as reliable higher education assessment agencies by the Secretary of Education, focus on student achievement and student outcomes to accurately evaluate the qualifications of campuses. Dr. Jerry L. Martin, Chair of the American Council of Trustees and Alumni, faulted accreditation agencies for a decay in college education quality, charging that accreditation demands placed on colleges and universities are too low. Citing a number of studies and quotes from respected figures, Dr. Martin argued that current accreditation practices had permitted widespread grade-inflation, watering down of general education curriculum integrity, and political intimidation. In his view, with the current focus of accreditors being geared to faculty credentials, campus course schedules, governance and finance procedures, accreditation agencies ignore the principles of education quality and student performance as measures of academic success, to the detriment of students and the education system. Dr. Steven D. Crow, Executive Director of the Higher Learning Commission, North Central Association of Colleges and Schools, rebuked Dr. Martin's evidence of persistent failure in schools as unqualified and called similar assessments of the system "bogus." In his testimony, Dr. Crow, a co-chair of an accrediting agency, described the current accreditation system as effective and trustworthy. Moreover, he argued that regional and national accrediting associations have made student learning a focal point of their evaluation standards. He offered some suggestions for improving the system, including clear language in law that would require accreditors to weigh student learning based on qualitative standards, suiting performance standards at school to their educational objectives, freedom for authorization agencies to consider public disclosure of student learning data as a learning outcomes standard, greater accreditation attention to a campus' transfer policies and practices, and the rejection of special evaluation standards or classifications for eLearning. Another presenter, Dr. Robert L. Potts, speaking on behalf of the American Association of State Colleges and Universities (AASCU), supported Dr. Crow's comments and his suggestions for how to improve the current system. According to Dr. Potts, the national Higher Education system is the "envy of the world." He went on to advise against any wholesale changes, asserting the likely ineffectualness of any legislative mandates as ways to fix the ills of the system. When asked how much change he thought was necessary to improve the current system, Dr. Martin recommended a different approach based on delinking federal student loans from accreditation - instead the Department of Education should establish a one-step system of reporting with penalties or sanctions and withholding of federal aid for fraudulent behavior at colleges. He also advocated more competition in the accreditation process by extending greater quality-oversight authority to college trustees, alternative accrediting academies and states to strengthen core programs and academic standards in colleges and universities. Committee members later this year will consider Higher Education Act reauthorization legislation. For more information on this hearing, visit the Senate HELP Committee website at: http://labor.senate.gov/calendars/edu.html . The Association of California Water Agencies (ACWA) held its 2004 Washington Conference on February 22-25, which was attended by about 75 representatives from water agencies throughout the state. During their meeting, attendees met with numerous executive and legislative branch officials to discuss water issues affecting California. On Tuesday, ACWA members heard from Rep. Ken Calvert (Corona) during a lunch session on Capitol Hill, and at breakfast on Wednesday, Sen. Dianne Feinstein addressed the group. Rep. Calvert discussed several issues, including the recent completion of the Quantification Settlement Agreement (QSA), the CALFED Bay-Delta reauthorization bill, and in response to a question, the Salton Sea restoration. On CALFED, Rep. Calvert expressed hope that the bill could be completed this year. He commended Senator Feinstein for her continuing efforts to move the Feinstein/Boxer bill (S. 1097) on the Senate side, and expressed hope that his legislation (H.R. 2828) will be marked up in the full Resources Committee in the near future. He did, however, acknowledge that if the House bill contained Davis-Bacon language, requiring that prevailing wage rates apply to water projects, H.R. 2828 would not be taken up on the House floor. He stated that he would work to defeat a Davis-Bacon amendment if it is offered at the full Committee markup. At the breakfast Wednesday morning, Senator Feinstein announced that it is possible the Senate Energy and Natural Resources Committee will mark up her bill before April. She also supported "pre-conferencing" the Senate and House versions of the bills to get one version of the legislation, which would offer the chance that it can bypass further committee consideration and go directly to floor consideration in the Senate under unanimous consent. She stated that, although she is very committed to increasing water storage, she did not think the House bill, which pre-authorizes water storage projects, could win Senate approval. She also mentioned that House Majority Leader Tom DeLay has stated that he will kill any bill containing Davis-Bacon language. ACWA is the largest coalition of public water agencies in the country with over 450 public agency members collectively responsible for providing 90 percent of the water to California's cities, farms, and businesses. On Monday, February 23, 2003, the RAND Corporation held a briefing that addressed the issue of welfare caseload decline over the past decade, which some believe to be a direct result of the welfare reform law passed in 1996. The briefing focused on a recently released RAND study that looked at national and California trends of the caseload decline, and examined several contributing factors that led to it. One of the key goals of federal welfare reform -- the Personal Responsibility and Work Opportunities Reconciliation Act (PRWORA) that created the Temporary Assistance for Needy Families (TANF) program and the California Work Opportunity and Responsibility to Kids/CalWORKs program -- was to move recipients off the welfare rolls and to self-sufficiency. PRWORA allowed states greater flexibility with regard to implementation and brought forth such high-profile state TANF policies as financial incentives for work, sanctions for non-participation in welfare-to-work activities, and time limits. The attendees heard a presentation of the RAND study from Mr. Jacob Klerman, who is a Senior Economist at RAND and Professor of Economics in the Pardee RAND Graduate School of Policy Studies. Mr. Klerman explained that the study quantifies the effect each of welfare reform's policies has had on the welfare caseload in the states that implemented them. The study used the estimated effects to explain the national caseload decline of 56 percent and California's smaller caseload decline of 44 percent. Mr. Klerman argued that policy changes by themselves did not account for such dramatic changes. Rather, the study found that the robust economy of the mid and late 1990s in combination with the above-mentioned high-profile policies and other unmeasured changes explained why the welfare caseload declined by more than half from its peak level in March 1994. Mr. Klerman also touched on the issue of California's caseload decline, which proved to be less dramatic than that of the rest of the U.S. He noted that the state has the 5th highest benefit level and relatively weak sanctions for non-compliant recipients, which, he contended, translated into a lesser decline. Mr. Klerman also said that the study points to the conclusion that welfare reform policies do matter, though it is important to consider the trade-offs between a smaller caseload and other outcomes of interest when choosing policies. For more information about the RAND Corporation, please visit their website at: http://www.rand.org . California's recent downturn has not hit the state's poor as hard as was expected, although they remain to be worse off than in earlier decades reports a new study released on Friday, February 13, 2003 by the Public Policy Institute of California (PPIC). A part of the series of reports on population trend and profiles, this edition of "California Counts" examined recent trends in the distribution of family income in California. It includes comparisons to trends in earlier decades using household survey data collected annually by the U.S. Census Bureau for the years 1969 to 2002. In addition to family income trends, the study also looked at trends in poverty and affluence, sources of family income, family income distribution by demographic group and by region, and demographic and economic determinants of income trends. The study found that California's poorest families saw their annual incomes drop from $15,950 to $15,500 between 2000 and 2002, which represents a much smaller drop (3 percent) than the 20 percent decline they experienced during the 1989-1993 recession. At the same time, the poverty rate grew from 12.4 to 13.1 percent between 2000 and 2002, while it was 9.6 percent in 1977 and peaked at 18.1 percent in 1993. Overall, the poverty rate has increased in the state by 4 percent since 1969, while in the rest of the country poverty was lower in 2002 at 11.9 percent than it was in 1969 at 12.5 percent. As a result California has a higher poverty rate than the rest of the nation, and if the figures are adjusted for the higher cost of living in California, the difference would be even greater. Looking at the data, PPIC found that the relatively severe income gap between rich and poor in the state, as well as the nation, declined: the proportion of Californians living in low-income families was 32.9 percent (versus 30.1 percent in the rest of the nation) in 2002, down from 39.9 percent in 1993, while the proportion of the affluent increased to 15.8 percent in 2002 (13.3 percent nationally). The study notes that the growth in income for middle-income families is largely a reflection of a higher work effort, considering that since 1969 female earnings have been the main engine of income growth for families. Poverty and affluence, however, varies by region and demographic group. The study found that the poverty rate for children is higher (17 percent), and for people age 65 and older is lower (8 percent) than the rest of the population in the state (14.2 percent). In addition, foreign-born Hispanics (24 percent) and American Indians (22 percent) had a very high poverty rate, while U.S.-born Hispanics and blacks had about twice the poverty of U.S.-born whites. The study found that U.S.-born whites are the largest population group in California at 42 percent and that they constitute 65 percent of the affluent population. The study also found that female-headed households with children had the lowest income levels of any demographic group studied and the highest poverty rate of 30 percent. Geographically, the San Joaquin Valley had a much higher poverty rate than any other region (22 percent), while the San Francisco Bay Area, Sacramento region, and Orange County had a relatively low poverty rate of under 9 percent. The San Francisco Bay Area had the highest affluence rate of any region (26 percent), with about one-third of affluent families living in the Bay Area. The PPIC study points out that several factors determine income trends in California. Growth in female employment and earnings has been the most important source of income growth for middle-income families. A substantial increase in the number of female-headed families with children has led to increased poverty. The study names immigration and the growing value of education as determinants as well, because immigrants tend to have low incomes and high poverty rates and thus increase income inequality in the state, as does the increasing emphasis on higher education in the California labor market. For more information visit the PPIC website at: http://www.ppic.org . California's voters remain skeptical about the ballot measures they are going to vote on in the upcoming March 2nd election, reveals a new poll conducted by the Public Policy Institute of California (PPIC). Released on Friday, February 20, 2003, the poll looked at voter approval of the Public Education Facilities Bond Act (Proposition 55), which is a $12.3 billion effort to raise money for public school facilities; the State Budget, Related Taxes, Reserve, Voting Requirements (Proposition 56) ballot measure; a $15 billion Economic Recovery Bond Act (Proposition 57); and the California Balanced Budget Act (Proposition 58). The poll results indicate that Proposition 57 has much less than majority support (38 percent), while Proposition 58 is supported by 52 percent of likely voters. At the same time, among the 61 percent of voters who approve of the way Governor Schwarzenegger is handling his job, 49 percent support the economic recovery bond and 31 percent oppose it. Of the 65 percent of likely voters who know that the Governor supports the bond, 44 percent support it, while 41 percent are opposed. The results suggest that fiscal concerns may be overriding other considerations for voters, since according to the PPIC Statewide Survey Director Mark Baldassare, "people have real misgivings about doing anything that will put the state further into debt." With respect to Proposition 55, 49 percent of potential voters support it, 36 percent are opposed, and 15 percent remain undecided. The poll results also indicate the following findings: - 56 percent of California's likely voters place John Kerry first among Democratic presidential candidates, with Howard Dean in second place (31 percent) and John Edwards in third (10 percent); 12 percent of voters are undecided. Were an election held at this point, a Democratic nominee would get more votes (54 percent) than President George W. Bush (37 percent), according to the poll. - Also, the poll found that the President's approval ratings continue to decline in California: 56 percent of likely voters now say they disapprove of the way he is handling the job, while 43 percent say they approve. Approval of the federal government has also taken a downturn, with only 30 percent of Californian's polled saying they trust the U.S. government to do what is right just about always or most of the time. - The poll found that Senator Barbara Boxer's lead in the Senate race has increased since its last poll in January. It is now 53 percent to 36 percent over a Republican challenger; among the Republican candidates Bill Jones remains the frontrunner, with the support of 24 percent. - Majorities of likely California voters approve of the way Senators Barbara Boxer (52 percent) and Dianne Feinstein (57 percent) are doing their jobs. - Among likely voters, 3 in 10 Californians rate the job performance of the U.S. Congress (though not individual members) as good or excellent; 71 percent rate Congress as doing only a fair or poor job. For more information about the survey, visit the PPIC website at: http://www.ppic.org . On Thursday, February 12th, 2004, the House Science Committee held a hearing on the President's proposed space exploration initiative, which was announced January 14. The panel heard testimony from Sean O'Keefe, Administrator of the National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA), and Dr. John Marburger, Director of the White House Office of Science and Technology Policy (OSTP). Much of the committee discussion centered around cost issues, and whether long-term cost estimates for the agency and the changes proposed for it are actually realistic. In his opening statement, Space and Aeronautics Subcommittee Chairman Dana Rohrabacher (Huntington Beach) noted, "The successful development of new space industries will undoubtedly hinge on expanding market opportunities. The new space exploration mandate calls for promoting commercial space, but NASA is unclear how private space ventures will support missions to low Earth orbit. NASA must make clear how its long-term investments in future exploration activities support an intelligent combination of focused manned missions, robotic exploration, and private-sector initiatives." Rohrabacher also commented that, "We've asked for many years for a vision from the White House, and now we have one," adding, "I expect the President to cannibalize funds from other programs. That's what we need to do." In conclusion, he said that "the private sector's innovative approaches are at least as important as the government's," and he noted that the agency and its colleagues need to show that industry can make a profit in the field in order to encourage private sector participation. In addition to issues regarding NASA's cost accounting system, Rep. Zoe Lofgren (San Jose) focused on a proposed $90 million reduction in funding for the NASA-Ames research center, and the witnesses promised to research the issue and reply to Lofgren in writing. Lofgren also asked about NASA's efforts to conduct an assets inventory and whether such an analysis was part of an intention to conduct a closure process similar to that implemented by a BRAC (Base Realignment and Closure) commission. The witnesses replied that there was "no intention at this time" to conduct any facility closures in conjunction with the NASA real property assessments. In closing, Lofgren also noted toxic cleanup issues at Moffett Field, where NASA Ames is located, and commented that there have been insufficient resources for cleanup of closed defense facilities. Dr. Marburger called the President's plan a "new vision" and pointed out that some of the missions (high power instrumentation, construction of structures on other celestial bodies, etc.) will require capabilities we do not have at the present time. He highlighted the process and science benefits of the proposed Moon mission. Defending proposed cuts, Marburger commented that the budget retains aeronautics level in the President's 2004 budget and said that the cancellation of the Hubble space telescope mission was related to Shuttle safety concerns. He added, however, that the Hubble had a 15-year intended lifespan, it has been 14 years since the Hubble came on line, and that key science opportunities are in the infrared spectrum, rather than in the optical range in which the Hubble operates. Endorsing Marburger's comments, O'Keefe repeated that "This is a journey, not a race" and noted that agency reorganization should build on growth from one year to the next. Administrator O'Keefe noted that the President's FY 2005 budget request of $16.2 billion would raise NASA spending by $1 billion above 2004 levels, and that it would anticipate an increase of approximately 5 percent per year over each of the next 3 years and approximately 1 percent for each of the following 2 years. O'Keefe stated that the goals for the agency are to: implement a sustained and affordable human and robotic program to explore the Solar System and beyond; extend human presence across the Solar System, starting with a human return to the Moon by the year 2020, in preparation for human exploration of Mars and other destinations; develop the innovative technologies, knowledge, and infrastructures both to explore and to support decisions about destinations for future human exploration; and promote international and commercial participation in exploration to further U.S. scientific, security, and economic interests. O'Keefe indicated NASA's desire to return the Space Shuttle to flight as soon as practical, adding that the budget includes $4.3 billion for the Shuttle, (9 percent above FY 2004's level), which includes $238 million for Return to Flight (RTF) activities in FY 2005. The Shuttle would focus on finishing assembly of the International Space Station (ISS), after which time it would be phased out, presumably by the end of the decade. The agency hopes to complete assembly of the ISS by the end of the decade, "including those U.S. components that will ensure our capability to conduct research in support of the new U.S. space exploration goals and those planned and provided by foreign partners." The budget would include $1.9 billion for ISS assembly and operations, a 24 percent increase above FY 2004. O'Keefe said that NASA would determine over the next year how best to address a Shuttle replacement "within the next year." In addition, the budget proposes $428 million to begin a new Crew Exploration Vehicle (Project Constellation) that will provide crew transport for exploration missions beyond low-Earth orbit, anticipating concept studies in FY 2004, preliminary design in FY 2005 and FY 2006, unpiloted test flight as early as 2008, and an operational human-rated capability no later than 2014. Though unclear at this time, he suggested that Project Constellation could be used to provide transportation to the Space Station, though its design will be driven by exploration requirements. He stated, "NASA does not plan to pursue new Earth-to-orbit transportation capabilities, except where necessary to support unique exploration needs, such as a heavy lift vehicle. The budget discontinues the Space Launch Initiative, although O'Keefe added that "knowledge gained on the Orbital Space Plane will be transferred to Project Constellation." The proposed SLI termination caused some concern among observers. Resisting efforts to put a precise price tag on costs to develop a CEV, O'Keefe suggested that NASA planned to use a "spiral development method," whereby one phase would be completed and proven before a new round of decisions and funding would be committed. Asked what items in exploration initiatives are likely to cost more than budgeted, O'Keefe responded that there is no way to know for sure but that power and propulsion systems may be the area where the cost uncertainty is greatest. He noted that they expect Project Prometheus to "allow us to propel anywhere." The hearing included heated exchanges between witnesses and members regarding cost estimates or their absence. During questioning, Chairman Rohrabacher inquired whether a new heavy-lift approach might be needed, to which O'Keefe responded "not necessarily." He also asked whether it may be unrealistic to expect that a single vehicle could be used for both a lunar mission and a Mars mission. The Hoover Institution recently released a report entitled, "Making and Remaking America, Immigration into the United States," authored by Philip Martin and Peter Duignan. Dr. Martin is professor of agricultural and resource economics at the Univ. of California, Davis, and Chair of the University of California's Comparative Immigration and Integration Program; and Mr. Duignan is the Lillick Curator and senior fellow emeritus at the Hoover Institution. The report posits that the United States must "respond to three fundamental immigration questions: how many immigrants should be admitted; from where and in what status should they arrive; and how should the rules governing the system be enforced?" The report argues that the immigration policies of the 1980s and 1990s to impose employer sanctions for hiring illegal immigrants actually allowed more foreigners to arrive legally and illegally, rather than slow illegal immigration. It also contents that anti-terrorism measures undertaken in the wake of September 11, 2001 have also not slowed immigration to the U.S. After analyzing the demographics of the United States, the economic shift occurring in employment from unskilled to skilled jobs, and the integration of immigrants, the authors conclude that there is no clear winner between those who argue against all future immigration and those who argue to allow free immigrant flows. Instead, they posit that immigration should policy should shift from allowing in unskilled workers to emphasizing skilled worker immigration. In conjunction with that position, the authors argue against family reunification beyond nuclear families (i.e., father, mother, children), stating that "[r]euniting families (other than nuclear members) is not a sufficient reason to burden the U.S. economy and welfare system with elderly, unskilled, semiliterate, non-English speakers." The authors also call for a limit on the number of immigrants admitted annually to two per thousand of the population, and suggest that no more than about 10 percent of immigrants should be allowed in from any one country in every single year. They also conclude that "[a]mnesties for illegal immigrants need to be halted to make clear that this is no a viable route to U.S. citizenship." The Hoover Institution at Stanford University is a center for advanced study in domestic and international affairs. Founded by Herbert Hoover in 1919, it contains a large private archive and library on political, economic, and social change in the twentieth century.	cc/2020-05/en_head_0067.json.gz/line270
__label__wiki	0.920569	0.920569	http://www.concordia.ca/content/shared/en/news/artsci/2018/10/17/fas-celebrates-academic-success-at-2018-scholar-awards.html School of Community & Public Affairs Faculty members and fellows Community, Public Affairs and Policy Studies First Peoples Studies Immigration Studies FAS celebrates academic success at 2018 Scholar Awards By Elisabeth Faure Source: Faculty of Arts and Science On October 17, Concordia’s Faculty of Arts and Science gathered once again to honour its top academic achievers. Students honoured at the Scholar Awards all score in the very top percentile of their units, meaning a lot of long hours hitting the books. We caught up with three of this year’s Scholars to learn about their journey in advance of the awards ceremony. Zackary Derrick Derrick is a 4th year undergraduate student in the School of Community and Public Affairs (he is also a member of the Simone de Beauvoir Institute). Majoring in First Peoples studies and minoring in Women's studies, he currently volunteers with the Union for Gender Empowerment and is sitting on the board of directors of the Concordia Co-op Bookstore. “I choose Concordia because they are currently the only English university that offers a major in First Peoples studies,” Derrick explains. “As a future social worker, I feel that decolonization, including in the academia, is an important process to be actively involved in.” “Being named a Scholar has significant meaning to me as a disabled student. This award encourages me to continue my educational career and believe in my accomplishments.” Kelly Burchell-Reyes Hailing from the department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Burchell-Reyes is also a member of the Science College, the Institute for Co-Operative Education and the Garnet Key Society. “The Science College highlights the interplay of all science disciplines and has piqued my curiosity for research endeavours, says Burchell-Reyes. “Co-Op has demonstrated the professional aspects of my field of study, and has increased my confidence and competence in performing laboratory tasks.” After beginning her academic journey in Biochemistry, she switched to Chemistry in her second semester, later performing two of her Science College research projects and a Co-Op work term under a NSERC USRA in Biology-related laboratories. “I owe my deepest gratitude to my supportive professors who have fielded innumerable questions during office hours, valued my insight in research problems, and brightened my day with a hello in the hallway. I have met a myriad of talented students whom I greatly admire and appreciate. While being named an Arts and Science Scholar is a tremendous honour, I am even more honoured to work alongside such brilliant and dedicated individuals at Concordia.” Emily Cox completed her diploma in the Liberal Arts program at John Abbott College, and was granted the English Honours Portfolio upon graduating. She is currently studying in Honours English Literature at Concordia University, with a minor in History. “I chose Concordia University because I was impressed with the professors, the courses offered to English students, and the atmosphere in general,” says Cox. “The study of English literature is my passion and I couldn’t imagine studying anything else, and I could tell that I would have a rewarding experience in this program at Concordia. Her essay “Eat Me, Drink Me, Love Me: The Homosexual Economy of ‘Goblin Market’” was published in the Literature Undergraduates Colloquium at Concordia, 2018 Proceedings. On being named a Scholar, Cox had the following to say: “I’m honoured to have been named a Scholar, and to have had my hard work recognized in this way. It means a lot to me, and serves as encouragement for me to continue to devote myself to studying English literature.” General interest awards accolades	cc/2020-05/en_head_0067.json.gz/line273
__label__wiki	0.934313	0.934313	Appeal of E.M., on behalf of her son L.C., from action of the Board of Education of the Gates-Chili Central School District regarding immunization. Harris Beach PLLC, attorneys for respondent, David W. Oakes, Esq., of counsel ELIA, Commissioner.--Petitioner appeals the determination of the Board of Education of the Gates-Chili Central School District (“respondent”) that her son, L.C. (the “student”), is not entitled to a religious exemption from the immunization requirements of Public Health Law (“PHL”) §2164. The appeal must be dismissed. Prior to the beginning of the 2014-2015 school year, petitioner registered the student in respondent’s school district. Upon enrollment, petitioner provided a signed “Declaration of Vaccination Exemption” (“declaration”) form, which was notarized on November 3, 2011, and states as follows: Pursuant to Senate Bill #942, Section 1, Chapter 7 under the ‘EXEMPTION FROM IMMUNIZATION,’ I hereby declare that I [petitioner], as the parent of [the student], a minor, do herby withhold my consent and let it be known that said minor is exempted from any and all medical procedures (e.g.) blood transfusions, vaccinations, inoculations, PPD (tine test), tetanus shots, etc. unless I give my personal permission, on the grounds that these artificial, unproven and unsafe medical processes are contrary to our religious beliefs. Petitioner further states: We are Muslims and our religion is Islam. As registered members of the Nation of Islam, we do not practice or participate in the injections of vaccines and inoculations.... Petitioner’s declaration form also cites to several Biblical verses and passages in support of her opposition to immunizations. By letter dated August 14, 2015, the school principal notified petitioner that her exemption request was denied because “you have failed to provide sufficient information detailing that you have a sincerely held religious belief that warrants an exemption to immunization or that there are genuine medical reasons that prevent your child from receiving some or all [of the] required immunizations.” Petitioner was further informed that the declaration form she submitted did not satisfy the criteria for a religious exemption from immunization because “it appears to have been executed and notarized in November 2011, almost four years ago. The document does not make clear whether your request is made on your religious beliefs or medical reasons” and “it does not state what your personal religious beliefs are ... or the medical condition that prevents such immunization.” Thereafter, according to the record, the student started attending classes in respondent’s school district due to an alleged error by school officials who were unaware that petitioner’s immunization exemption request had been denied. By letter dated October 5, 2015, petitioner was informed that she would need to complete an application for a religious exemption from immunization requirements and was provided the required form and directed to return the completed form to respondent by October 13, 2015. Petitioner completed the religious exemption form, on which she largely repeated and referred to the contents of her original declaration form. By letter dated October 13, 2015, respondent denied petitioner’s religious exemption request, finding that petitioner failed “to provide in [her] request any statement of or explanation of a genuine and sincerely held religious belief,” that petitioner’s statements are not religious but rather statements “of opinion about [petitioner’s] view of the efficacy of immunization,” and petitioner’s statements do not establish a genuine and sincerely held religious belief against immunization. Petitioner was further informed that she could commence an appeal to the Commissioner of Education pursuant to Education Law §310 within thirty days of respondent’s decision. This appeal ensued. Petitioner asserts that she has genuine and sincere religious beliefs that are contrary to immunization. Petitioner seeks a religious exemption for the student pursuant to PHL §2164. Respondent contends that petitioner’s objections to immunization are not based on sincerely held religious beliefs. Respondent further asserts that its determination was rational, not arbitrary or capricious, and in all respects proper. Initially I note that an appeal to the Commissioner is not the proper forum to adjudicate novel issues of constitutional law or to challenge the constitutionality of a statute or regulation (Appeal of C.S., 49 Ed Dept Rep 106, Decision No. 15,971; Appeal of J.A., 48 id. 118, Decision No. 15,810; Appeal of Keller, 47 id. 224, Decision No. 15,677). A novel claim of constitutional dimension should properly be presented to a court of competent jurisdiction (Appeal of J.A., 48 Ed Dept Rep 118, Decision No. 15,810). Therefore, to the extent that petitioner attempts to raise such constitutional issues in this appeal, I decline to consider such constitutional claims. Turning to the merits, PHL §2164 prohibits a school from admitting a child without evidence that the child has received certain immunizations. However, PHL §2164(9) provides as follows: This section shall not apply to children whose parent, parents, or guardian hold genuine and sincere religious beliefs which are contrary to the practices herein required, and no certificate shall be required as a prerequisite to such children being admitted or received into school or attending school. The determination of whether petitioner qualifies for a religious exemption requires the careful consideration of two factors: whether petitioner’s purported beliefs are religious and, if so, whether such religious beliefs are genuinely and sincerely held (see Farina v. Bd. of Educ. of the City of New York, et al., 116 FSupp2d 503; Appeal of K.N.N.M. and E.A.Y., 52 Ed Dept Rep, Decision No. 16,410). It is not necessary for persons to be members of a recognized religious organization whose teachings oppose inoculation to claim the statutory exemption (Sherr, et al. v. Northport-East Northport Union Free School Dist., et al., 672 FSupp 81). However, the exemption does not extend to persons whose views are founded upon medical or purely moral considerations, scientific or secular theories, or philosophical and personal beliefs (Farina v. Bd. of Educ. of the City of New York, et al., 116 FSupp2d 503). Whether a religious belief is sincerely held can be a difficult factual determination that must be made, in the first instance, by school district officials (Appeal of K.N.N.M. and E.A.Y., 52 Ed Dept Rep, Decision No. 16,410; Appeal of C.S., 49 id. 106, Decision No. 15,971; Appeal of H.K. and T.K., 49 id. 56, Decision No. 15,957; Appeal of S.B., 48 id. 332, Decision No. 15,875). A parent/guardian who seeks a religious exemption must submit a written and signed statement to the school district stating that the parent/guardian objects to their child’s immunization due to sincere and genuine religious beliefs which prohibit the immunization of their child (10 NYCRR §66-1.3[d]). If, after reviewing the parental statement, questions remain about the existence of a sincerely-held religious belief, the principal or person in charge of a school may request supporting documents (10 NYCRR §66-1.3[d]). In determining whether beliefs are religious in nature and sincerely held, school officials must make a good faith effort to assess the credibility and sincerity of petitioner’s statements and may consider petitioner’s demeanor and forthrightness. While school officials are not required to simply accept a statement of religious belief without some explanation, they similarly should not simply reject a statement without further examination (Appeal of C.S., 49 Ed Dept Rep 106, Decision No. 15,971; Appeal of H.K. and T.K., 49 id. 56, Decision No. 15,957; Appeal of S.B., 48 id. 332, Decision No. 15,875). In an appeal to the Commissioner, a petitioner has the burden of demonstrating a clear legal right to the relief requested and the burden of establishing the facts upon which petitioner seeks relief (8 NYCRR §275.10; Appeal of Aversa, 48 Ed Dept Rep 523, Decision No. 15,936; Appeal of Hansen, 48 id. 354, Decision No. 15,884; Appeal of P.M., 48 id. 348, Decision No. 15,882). Although the record indicates that respondent erroneously allowed petitioner’s son to attend school in the beginning of the 2015-2016 school year notwithstanding that petitioner’s exemption request had been previously denied, I note that, except in limited circumstances not applicable here, equitable estoppel does not apply against a government subdivision (Parkview Assoc. v. City of New York, 71 NY2d 274; Hamptons Hosp. v. Moore, 52 NY2d 88; Appeal of K.E., 48 Ed Dept Rep 54, Decision No. 15,792; Appeal of Barbara D. and James D., Jr., 34 id. 118, Decision No. 13,352). Therefore, equitable estoppel does not prevent respondent from excluding the student. After reviewing the record, I find that petitioner’s general statements -- that “we are made in God’s image and likeness and the injection of toxic chemicals and foreign proteins into the bloodstream is a violation of God’s directive to keep the body/temple holy and free from impurities” and “our religious beliefs are that we accept God’s warning not to mix the blood of man with the blood of animals, and many vaccines are produced in animal tissues. Our religious convictions are predicated on the belief that all life is sacred” -- are insufficient to establish the religious basis or origin of her beliefs (see Appeal of K.E., 48 Ed Dept Rep 54, Decision No. 15,792; Appeal of L.P., 46 id. 341, Decision No. 15,527; Appeal of J.F. and D.F., 45 id. 241, Decision No. 15,310). In support of her request petitioner specifically states that “all immunizations and inoculations are harmful to the human physiology and do not protect anyone from disease” and “These immunizations and inoculations are artificial, unproven and unsafe medical processes and are contrary to our religious, as well as ethical and personal beliefs.” Such general statements do not, in and of themselves, establish a sincerely held religious objection to immunization (see e.g. Appeal of O.M. and R.M., 52 Ed Dept Rep, Decision No. 16,414; Appeal of L.S., 50 id., Decision No. 16,180), and instead suggest medical and philosophical objections to immunization (see Appeal of K.N.N.M. and E.A.Y., 52 Ed Dept Rep, Decision No. 16,410). Furthermore, petitioner fails to provide any documentation which attempts to establish a nexus between the required vaccinations and her claimed religious objection to animal blood or tissues (see Appeal of B.O-G., 51 Ed Dept Rep, Decision No. 16,294). The record indicates that petitioner was given numerous opportunities to explain the basis of her beliefs but failed to do so. Accordingly, I find that respondent’s determination was rational, reasonable and consistent with law. While the record reflects that petitioner may sincerely object to immunizations, the crux of the issue is whether the reasons for her objections are religious or predominantly philosophical, personal, medical or ethical in nature (see Caviezel v. Great Neck Public Schools, et al., 701 FSupp2d 414 [EDNY 2010], aff’d 500 Fed Appx. 16 [2d Cir. 2012], cert. denied 133 S.Ct. 1997 [2013]). The record as a whole lacks evidence of sincerely held religious objections to immunizations. Accordingly, I find that petitioner has failed to demonstrate that her opposition to immunization stems from sincerely held religious beliefs or that respondent’s determination is unsupported by the record or otherwise arbitrary and capricious, or in violation of law (see Appeal of L.L., 54 Ed Dept Rep, Decision No. 16,670). The appeal, therefore, must be dismissed. In light of this disposition, I need not consider the parties’ remaining contentions.	cc/2020-05/en_head_0067.json.gz/line274
__label__wiki	0.984258	0.984258	Johnny Russell - Moorhead John Bright “Johnny” Russell (1940-2001) was born and raised in Moorhead and went on to become a star of the Grand Ole Opry and a popular country recording artist, with such hits as “Catfish John” and “Rednecks, White Socks and Blue Ribbon Beer.” He is best remembered as the author of "Act Naturally," one of the greatest country-pop crossover songs–a hit for both Buck Owens and the Beatles that sold over twenty million copies. Born in Moorhead on January 23, 1940, John Bright Russell grew up listening to Lefty Frizzell and Ernest Tubb on the Grand Ole Opry and longing to be an entertainer. When he was twelve, his father, a sharecropper and mechanic, moved the family to Fresno, California; as a teenager there Russell began winning talent contests as a joke-cracking singer of country songs. Just out of high school, while playing in small clubs, he was signed by Radio Records and recorded his song “In a Mansion Stands My Love.” When the song attracted attention as covered by Jim Reeves on RCA Victor, Russell headed for Nashville. He was nineteen. After his occasional recordings on ABC and MGM Records in the early 1960s had little impact, Russell returned to Mississippi, then to California as a local broadcast host. When Voni Morrison, a songwriter with whom he sometimes shared credits, brought Russell's “Act Naturally,” a sad-sack comic song that he’d written in a half hour, to Buck Owens’ attention, Buck & the Buckaroo's recording proved a major 1963 country hit. The song became a crossover classic in 1965, when the Beatles covered it, Ringo Starr doing the vocals. Russell then returned to Nashville as a publishing executive and staff writer for the Wilburn Brothers’ Sure-Fire Music, where he wrote songs that were recorded by the Wilburns and Loretta Lynn. In 1971 Russell finally began focusing on his own performing career. Chet Atkins signed him to record for RCA Victor, which led to his highest-charting records, “Catfish John” (reflecting his Delta upbringing) in 1972, the Grammy-nominated “Rednecks, White Socks and Blue Ribbon Beer” and “The Baptism of Jesse Taylor” the following year, and “Hello I Love You” in 1975, all by other songwriters and in contrast to the heartbreak ballads Russell usually wrote. Porter Wagoner and Dolly Parton had a hit with his “Making Plans” (1980), George Strait with his “Let’s Fall to Pieces Together” (1984), and Gene Watson with “Got No Reason to Go Home” (1985). Russell was widely seen on TV’s Hee Haw, and he joined the cast of the Grand Ole Opry in 1985, quickly becoming a mainstay as an affecting singer and charming comedian—with the jokes often turning on his own notable weight. In 2000 top country artists backed him as he recorded “Actin' Naturally,” a collection of his own songs, including “Ain't You Even Gonna Cry,” which became a standard—and all published by his own company, appropriately named Sunflower County Songs. He was inducted into the Nashville Songwriters Hall of Fame in 2001, the year of his untimely death. Photos courtesy of John Bright Russell, Jr. and the Grand Ole Opry archives. Research and record scans by Barry Mazor.	cc/2020-05/en_head_0067.json.gz/line275
__label__wiki	0.704402	0.704402	Cristian Grases Full CV Long Biography Cristian Grases joined the USC Thornton faculty in the Fall 2010 semester as assistant professor of choral music and conductor of the USC Thornton Concert Choir. Born in Venezuela, he earned degrees from the Simón Bolívar University (MM) in Caracas, Venezuela, and the University of Miami (DMA). He has previously served as interim director of choral activities at Central Washington University and assistant professor in choral music at California State University, Los Angeles. An award winning conductor and composer, Dr. Grases received the prestigious award for the arts in Venezuela, Orden José Felix Ribas for artistic merit, first prize at the Emerging Composer Competition at Yale University for his work Visiones del Llano—2. Amanecer, and an invitation from Helmuth Rilling to study at the Sommerakademie in Stuttgart, Germany. Additionally, he has been comissioned to write for several prestigious organizations such as the Piedmont Children’s Chorus and the Santa Fe Desert Chorale, and his works have been performed by numerous enesembles including the Los Angeles Master Chorale. Dr. Grases has participated in numerous festivals, workshops, and events as a guest conductor, clinician, adjudicator, and conducting pedagogue in North and South America, Europe, and Asia. Most recently, he guest conducted in USA, Canada, France, Denmark, The Netherlands, Israel, Indonesia, China, Venezuela, and Japan. He has also presented sessions in the World Symposia in Denmark and Argentina, and will presenting again at the World Symposium for Choral Music in Seoul, Korea this coming Summer. Additionally he has presented at several ACDA regional and national conventions, and will present once again at the ACDA Western Division Convention in Santa Barbara this coming February. During his time in Florida, Dr. Grases was the founder and artistic director of Amazonia Vocal Ensemble, based in Miami, with a focus on Latin American repertoire. He also served as conductor for the Women’s Chamber Ensemble of the University of Miami, was the assistant conductor of the Miami Symphony Orchestra under Maestro Eduardo Marturet, and the conductor of the Young Musician’s Orchestra. In 2004, Dr. Grases was selected by the International Federation for Choral Music as one of a five-member committee for the Songbridge Project, together with renowned choral masters and chaired by the creator of the project, Erkki Pohjola (Finland). He was elected into the Board of Directors of the International Federation for Choral Music in 2008 and remains active in this position. In addition, Grases is currently chair of the Ethnic and Multicultural Repertoire and Standards Committee for the Western Division of the American Choral Directors Association, he is part of the editorial board of the International Choral Bulletin and has been the editor of the Children’s and Youth Column for the bulletin since 2005. Most recently, Dr. Grases has started a new Choral Series entitled “The Choral Music of Latin America and the Caribbean” published by Gentry Publications as an editorial outlet for new Latin American choral repertoire. Share or Print:	cc/2020-05/en_head_0067.json.gz/line277
__label__wiki	0.799508	0.799508	DOWNHILL RACER - #494 "How fast must a man go to get from where he's at...?" There are two parts to Downhill Racer. There is the part that is the racing, and there is the part that is the waiting for the racing. There is no in between. The waiting for the racing is strange, incomplete, and quiet. No one says much. They do things, but at the same time, none of it is important. When it starts to get important, it distracts from the racing. The racing is also quiet, but it's a different kind of quiet. It's isolated. Solitary. The main sound the racer hears is his skis on snow. The audio design for the movie is pretty incredible. When the skis catch air, the silence that occurs is definite. There is no other ambient noise. It's like flipping a switch to mute, and then contact activates the speakers again. Downhill Racer is a 1969 film directed by Michael Ritchie and written by James Salter. It stars Robert Redford as David Chappellet, a contender from Idaho Falls, Colorado, a small American town that is far away from the European racing circuit that David is joining. David is one of two new members of the U.S. team, replacing another athlete whose injuries from a crash have taken him out of competition. David is an unknown, seemingly older than the other boys, and not a part of their network. His coach, Claire (Gene Hackman), apparently knows something about Chappellet that they do not. The time on his first run gives them an indication of what that is. The dude is fast. David is confident and cocky--they are not the same thing. His confidence means he has enough belief to perform well, but the cockiness means he has the added belief that he can do anything. It makes him restless and inconsistent on the slopes, and it's the kind of thing that transfers over to his real life. He drives fast, and he chases girls just as quickly. He doesn't say much, just what he has to. This rubs his teammates the wrong way, but if they saw David going back home to the farm where he grew up the way we do, they might understand. It's a kind of American stoicism. David's father (Walter Stroud) doesn't even stop to greet him when the boy comes home, and he's not all that impressed with his Olympic aspirations. It's the only time we see David rattled. His old man's nonchalance and measured judgment clearly irritates him. Which may also explain the appeal of skiing for Dave. His closest competition on the squad, Creech (Jim McMullan), complains to the assistant coach (Dabney Coleman) that David doesn't care about the team, and the coach replies that it doesn't really matter, it's not really a team sport anyway. It's not clear why Creech doesn't get that, it's obvious to us and we aren't up there racing. Michael Ritchie makes sure we see the action as close as possible to how the racer's see it, shooting the runs mostly from the skier's point of view. Noticeably, the first race, when we're supposed to be observing David and not yet climbing in his boots, is shot exclusively from an outside vantage point. It's exhilarating and disorienting, the way the camera rockets down the mountain. It gives the audience a glimpse of the kind of tunnel vision that can occur when descending the mountain. Presumably, this is the sensation David is chasing. Not just the thrill of adrenaline, but the self-sufficiency and isolation. No need for small talk, and no room for the disappointment of others. It's just you and the snow. Sure, you can crash, but if you're racing just for you, who cares how that effects others? Win or lose, the time is yours. Downhill Racer is a strange film. It's certainly not like any other sports film I've ever seen. The plot tracks several seasons for the team, leading up to the Olympics, and though Ritchie depicts the jolt of the individual races, there is no real escalation from competition to competition. The opposite, in fact. The plot grows choppier and choppier, we move from peak to peak faster. If it weren't for a barely there subplot with a woman (Camilla Sparv) that David has an affair with, there would be no pause at all after that brief trip home. One can surmise that David is never going back to Colorado, so why spend any time away from the slopes. The Olympics have their own tension. Ritchie creates an amped excitement in David's big run by ingeniously jumping from TV monitor to TV monitor in the pressroom as his time is counted off, one second per television. There is also another gut wrenching use of silence, as David and Claire watch to see if his closest competitor will manage to beat him. Even then, we aren't really rooting for David. The script has a third act hiccup, where his hubris causes damage, but outside of a nice scene-grabbing monologue that Salter writes for Gene Hackman, there's no push to make it seem like this is a mistake David must bounce back from. It's just another day out in the powder. Released at the end of the 1960s, Downhill Racer is in every way a film of that era, and also points ahead to the maverick years coming in American cinema. Aesthetically, the movie is restrained, striving for realism and not reliant on traditional storytelling. Director of photography Brian Probyn (Badlands ) worked with eight cameramen to capture the skiing, and the multiple angles lends an authenticity to the action. There are no conventional cutaways or rear projection like we might have gotten even a decade earlier. It's something more akin to actual sports documentary. The only thing that rings false is Kenyon Hopkins' music. There's something off-key about it. The horns and mandolins and overall rhythm seem more suited to a '60s cop drama on television than a movie of this kind. Downhill Racer is also thematically in line with the dissatisfaction of 1969. This movie is about demystifying heroes. David Chappellet might ski with the letters U, S, and A printed on his helmet, but there is no patriotism to it. Indeed, the way Claire has to constantly hustle for money, it's not even like the home country is lending their skiers the full support of the national consciousness. David Chappellet is an anti-hero, a guy who only fights for himself. Ironically, I don't think anyone who wasn't as classically good looking as Robert Redford could have pulled it off. In the commentary on the recent release of Broadcast News [review], during the scene at the news director's party where William Hurt's character is seen struggling with eating a deviled egg, James L. Brooks says he believes that kind of dunderheaded gag is something that is only really funny with a handsome actor; if he was dumb and unattractive, it would veer toward being pathetic. Here, too, I think Chappellet needs a certain Hollywood charisma, the performer's inherent likability, to keep him from being just another asshole. Just like it takes a performer as down to earth as Hackman to play his foil. The same way Albert Brooks knows something is wrong with William Hurt in the Brooks movie, so too does Coach Claire know that Chappellet could blow it. In both cases, those guys also know what kind of success these flawed figures are likely to achieve. In a lesser movie, David Chappellet would find redemption. In Downhill Racer, there is only disappointment ahead. I don't want to give away which way the movie turns, that's something for you to experience, but I will say, there is no denouement. The results come in, and that's that, and I think we are meant to be unsatisfied. How did this man get here, and how did he achieve what he achieved? Good or bad, was it right? I would posit that this is a question that the culture was asking at the time, and by this point in the social movement that defined the 1960s, the question was no longer being asked of the government in so much as the counter-culture and the activists and, really, just about every citizen with a conscience, was asking him or herself. Even fighting the power has its pitfalls. David's father says it outright when his son boasts that one day he'll be champion: "The world's full of 'em." Downhill Racer trailer Labels: James L. Brooks, Michael Ritchie One reason I like the film - other than the skiing element - is that it deals with a long view of sports competition. Not sports - but competition. Someone always wins and someone is always waiting in the wings to take the winners place. And it keeps on going. One gets the feeling the main character doesn't ski because he likes it but because he is good. Many people do sports for this reason. SENSO (Blu-Ray) - #556 BASIL DEARDEN'S LONDON UNDERGROUND - ECLIPSE SERIE... AMARCORD (Blu-Ray) - #4 STILL WALKING (Blu-Ray) - #554 SIDELINE: PORTLAND INTERNATIONAL FILM FESTIVAL	cc/2020-05/en_head_0067.json.gz/line278
__label__cc	0.730972	0.269028	Integrating Mind, Body & Spirit While Our World Hangs in The Balance (Part 2) – Summer is Coming: Waking Up to Runaway Climate Change February 7, 2018 January 23, 2019 Welcome to part two of my three-part blog series on the psychology behind climate change. Part two focuses on waking up to the urgent threat runaway climate change presents to our planet and our species. If you haven’t read part one, I encourage you to do so. Now, take a deep breath, calm your yourself, and see if you can open your heart and mind to the information that follows. For those of you who have seen the HBO TV series Game of Thrones a strong analogy can be drawn from the plight of the people of Westeros and the global threat of climate change we face today. Permit me to “nerd out” for a minute as the analogy is quite compelling (warning: to avoid spoilers skip the next paragraph). Here’s the situation: While everyone is consumed by the political division and fighting over control of the Iron Throne, a much greater threat is descending upon us . . . “summer is coming.” A few people who have actually been north of the wall and have experienced the threat first hand (think arctic climate researchers) believe it and are trying to convince the leaders of Westeros, but most ignore the warnings. The cause is righteous and real, however, because of the history of division and bad blood that runs through the fabric of Westeros, most are too consumed with the smaller fights in front of them and focused on their differences to see the threat for what it is. Well, I’m here to tell you THE WHITE WALKERS ARE REAL, and it’s called climate change. This common threat presents both the possibility of tearing apart the fabric of our civilization and an opportunity for the uniting of humanity, the likes of which we have never seen. Not convinced? Read on . . . The Doomsday Scenario: Runaway Climate Change Someone once said to me, “If you can get climate change onto my top five immediate concerns, I will probably take real action.” I think this is a good point. However, despite that fact that many experts think climate change should be the number one concern of humanity, getting onto the top 5 remains a difficult task. I’ve been asking myself a lot lately, “How does one wake somebody up to the urgent threat of something they’ve been hearing about for 25 years?” Despite the incredible amounts of irrefutable scientific data piling up to support reality of the threat human-made climate change presents, it remains background static for most in the United States. Hearing about climate change and the various problems it poses has become commonplace. Despite record highs across the country, more and more destructive storms, and wildfires raging in December, to most, climate change is still just something people debate the very reality of on TV. The task is to take something that has become commonplace and wake people up to the urgency of action that is required. One way to shock people out of their slumber is with the real life doomsday scenario of runaway climate change. Reexamining Our Climate Change Beliefs Take a moment to consider what picture you hold in your head about the impacts of climate change. My guess is that it looks something like average global temperature rising by a few degrees over the next 50 years and a gradual sea level rise punctuated by more and more intense storms, which primarily affects low lying coastal areas and disproportionately impacts the poor. Even for those who fully agree with the science of climate change, this is often the picture. However, the actual outcome could be far far worse and deeply impact every single human being on earth. No one is immune from the effects of climate change. Yes, the one thing climate scientists all seem to agree upon is that as global temperature averages rise, the sea will rise with it. In fact, the rise is happening faster than predicted. However, the earth’s climate is incredibly complex and even the best computer climate models can’t predict with any degree of certainty how factors like changes in deep ocean currents and acidification, cloud cover, and melting ice sheets, will interact as climate feedback loops. What is even more concerning is that most climate models assume we will develop technology that lets us remove billions if not trillions of tons of CO2 from the air in the near future, which is a huge gamble. If we are unable to take effective action to reduce CO2 in the very near future we may be faced with the unmanageable situation of runaway climate change. In a nutshell, runaway climate change is what would follow the theorized tipping point in earth’s climate where the accumulated effects of human-made climate change initiate a reinforcing positive feedback loop creating rapid and destabilizing changes. If the tipping point is reached there is likely little humans can do to reverse the process before catastrophic events occur. The window of effective action on climate change is closing fast. Crucial milestones continue to be crossed. CO2 levels hit 400 parts per million (ppm) in 2015. The last time CO2 was this high was around 3 million years ago during middle Pliocene, which saw arctic temperatures around 14 degrees higher than they are now. A growing number of scientists theorize we only have a few years to take effective action in order to stop the worst of the effects of climate change. Some even argue that we have already reached that point. However, I and the majority of scientists believe we not there yet, though we are flirting with incredible destruction. Pushing Us Over The Cliff: The Methane Burst Of all the runaway climate scenarios, an arctic tundra methane pulse is by far the most frightening. Climate science tells us that when the climate changes slowly as it has over much of the history of our planet, species tend to adapt. However, when it moves quickly, as in the Permian mass extinction, “The greatest challenge life on Earth faced in its geologic history,” the life support systems of our planet collapse and species die out. The Permian mass extinction, which saw 90% of the earth’s species die off and the earth plunged into chaos for about 15 million years, happened because of the release of methane from the arctic in what is known as a methane pulse. Methane is roughly 30 times more powerful a greenhouse gas than CO2 and there is a whole lot of it stored in the arctic—around 10,000 gigatons to be exact—and it has the power to create truly terrifying destruction. In an article published in the scientific journal Paleoworld in 2016 the authors state that, “Global warming triggered by the massive release of carbon dioxide may be catastrophic, but the release of methane from hydrate [its frozen state] may be apocalyptic.” They go on to note that a “methane pulse” over just a 10-15 year period was likely one of the central contributing factors of the mass extinction at the end of the Permian that wiped out 90% of life on earth and saw global average temperatures rise to 84.0°F. As a comparison the average global temperature is now only 59.0°F. This type of apocalyptic climate change has happened in earth’s history. The big question now is, “Are we currently on course for it to happen again?” Professor Peter Wadhams, head of the Polar Ocean Physics Group at Cambridge University, believes that CO2 driven climate change could trigger a major methane pulse, stating that this “threat is very real and very serious and has been disregarded a lot by the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change.” Methane induced runaway climate change would not simply cause a disruption to human life and the global economy, it would, for the majority of us, end it. Additionally, it might not take a lot of warming to trigger a methane pulse, and things could happen very fast. Martin Kennedy, a professor at UC Riverside, and lead author on an article published in the journal Nature on the topic of methane’s role in climate change, states a climate change induced methane pulse “is a major concern because it’s possible that only a little warming can unleash this trapped methane . . . [which] could potentially warm the Earth tens of degrees, and the mechanism could be geologically very rapid.” Just how likely is this doomsday scenario? The answer is we don’t know. There is unfortunately not yet any real scientific consensus on the issue largely because we don’t have accurate measures for how much methane is currently being released from the arctic. There is some evidence suggesting it has already begun. Within the last few years methane blowhole craters have started appearing all over the Siberian tundra, the cause of which is theorized to be the warming of the tundra. Methane Crater in Siberian Tundra 2015 Based on the increase in methane being released in the arctic, there are a growing number of scientists that are starting to become concerned. Jim Kennett, a professor of geology and paleobiology at UC Santa Barbara, believes that, Finding climate triggers and tipping points has become the most important scientific problem of our time. Even if the odds are low that the tipping point to runaway climate change will be reached in our lifetimes, do we truly want to gamble with the only home we have? A better question might be, if our planet’s ability to support life is truly at stake why haven’t we already done something about it? For some insights into this, let’s again take a look at our evolutionary heritage. The Consumption Conundrum Evolution itself is often misunderstood. Many people think that evolution is always leading somewhere better, smarter, more complex, but the truth is that it can actually lead to strange outcomes and even extinction. Australian Laureate Fellow Hanna Kokko, from the Research School of Biology, notes that the irony of evolution is that the short term benefits are often in conflict with the long term gains of a species. One of the simplest examples in nature is the algal bloom. This is when a large amount of nutrients are released into a body of water, say from fertilizer runoff, and everything that eats the algae has a field day, eating, procreating and eating some more. Then when the resource is gone there are too many fish, etc, and not enough food, i.e.–carrying capacity for the ecosystem has been exceeded. A mass die off ensues. If the entire species is endemic to that one body of water and there is a drought that summer then they are now in danger of going extinct as everyone is competing for scant resources. Though we may think of ourselves as “more evolved,” humans have demonstrated much the same exploitive behavior as almost all organisms on earth, and on a truly global scale since the industrial revolution. Imagine our hunter gatherer ancestors over hundreds of thousands of years living transient lives, moving with the seasons, and living off of what they find. With transient populations of 20-50 individuals there must have been little concern over the exhaustion of resources. It was only about 10,000 years ago, with the agricultural revolution, that humans started to stockpile and plan ahead, but even then likely only years and not generations ahead. 10,000 years is a small blip in time compared to our 200,000-300,000 years spent as hunter gatherers, and our physical brains have not had time to catch up. As far as the brain is concerned, we have suddenly been dropped off in modern times and we’re trying to make sense of things. Suddenly overconsumption and exceeding the carrying capacity of the earth has become a reality, but short term gains still have a very strong pull. Kokko explains, “A fisherman gets away with catching too many fish without negative side effect during his individual lifetime. While a cooperative and conscious fisherman does not get the future profit of a better long term fish supply.” Influenced by our brain’s hardwiring, many have and continue to choose short term gains over long term viability. Put simply, humans are pretty bad at long-term planning, mostly because it didn’t contribute enough of a competitive advantage through most of our evolution. Just consider all the industry in the last 200 years that has revolved around the extraction and depletion of natural resources. Our hardwiring says “When you find a good resource exploit it,” but this way of being has for the first time in history reached a global breaking point. We are stealing from future generations in order to pay ourselves today. This puts the fate of our species and many others at great risk. The face of the earth has completely changed since the industrial revolution. Fossils fuels are our algal bloom. Whether fossil fuels simply start to wear thin and destabilize our global economy or they warm our planet so much that it becomes unrecognizable and even uninhabitable, we are headed for trouble. If we want to avoid the follies that our ancient brains are unwittingly leading us to, then we have to consciously decide to change course. We have to update the software and we have to learn and teach new ways of being that integrate foresight, harmonious relationships with nature, and true long-term planning for the good of all. Given enough time, I have a lot of confidence that humanity can and will figure this out. However, humanity has little time left for effective action. The true conundrum of climate change is that when we start to feel the real destructive force of a shifting climate it will be too late to change course. We must do the impossible and, without directly experiencing the destruction ourselves, act swiftly, decisively, and globally, to protect our future selves and future generations from this impending crisis. Don’t Worry, It’s Normal to Feel Overwhelmed If reading this has left you with an acute feeling of anxiety or hopelessness, don’t be discouraged! This is an appropriate reaction to confronting the crisis we face as a species. It is overwhelming to face the fate of humanity isolated and alone. Of course so many feel discouraged. But, if possible, don’t reject these feelings. Instead use them. Reach out to others, link arms, and take action in some way. Part three of this series looks at what exactly you can do to get free from the bondage of disempowerment and hopelessness, and lays out steps you can take to make a difference. Ultimately, I see climate change not just as a huge threat, but also as the greatest opportunity humanity has ever had to come together, set aside our differences, and work toward a common goal. Thank you so much for reading and being willing to face this difficult and even terrifying reality. We can’t do this alone but together we can, and we must. Dan Entmacher M.A., LPC Photo by Dikaseva on Unsplash Photo by elizabeth lies on Unsplash Pingback: While Our World Hangs in the Balance - Understanding the Psychology of Climate Change While Our World Hangs in The Balance – (Part 3) Becoming a Planetary Defender: How to Join the Fight Against Climate Change While Our World Hangs in The Balance (Part 1) – The Psychology of Climate Change Becoming Rich in Relationship: The Wealth That Brings True Happiness Dan@DanEntmacherPsychotherapy.com © Copyright 2018 Dan Entmacher Psychotherapy	cc/2020-05/en_head_0067.json.gz/line283
__label__cc	0.613576	0.386424	Tackling bullying head-on Oct 27, 2016 by Family Times in Featured Articles The clean-cut and smiling image of 13-year-old Daniel Fitzpatrick is haunting now. The New York teenager’s photo was spread across newspapers and websites world-wide last month after he took his own life. He had been mercilessly bullied over a period of months. Worse still, his suicide note claimed that he tried to reach out for help to his school, but Holy Angels Catholic Academy did nothing to stop the bullying. A senseless and preventable death serves no purpose, but if there is a lesson to be learned, it’s this: bullying needs to be taken seriously. That’s something that a group of Lyttelton Primary School parents pushed in July after several of their kids were physically attacked in the school’s playground over the period of a year, taking their cause to the media when they felt the school hadn’t taken them seriously. So when should a school step in? Schools’ responsibilities The Ministry of Education released a Bullying Prevention and Response guide for schools in 2015. To meet the national administration guideline requirements for a safe physical and emotional school environment, all schools should have a policy that defines bullying and sets out how the school community will address it. In short, the school needs to let parents know if their child is being bullied. The grey area is around the definition of bullying. What is bullying Bullying is unwanted, aggressive behaviour among school aged children that involves a real or perceived power imbalance. The behaviour is repeated, or has the potential to be repeated, over time. Bullying includes actions such as making threats, spreading rumours, attacking someone physically or verbally, and excluding someone from a group on purpose. However, we have to get beyond definitions and to the heart of the issue according to former teacher and student-led anti cyber bullying Sticks ‘n Stones project facilitator Karla Sanders. “The terminology becomes the focus, which means that we are not focusing on the hurt that has been caused. That’s something that we need to address. If the child is being harmed, let’s deal with that first before we define exactly which category the behaviour falls into.” She’ll be right Part of the issue, according to Karla, is New Zealand’s culture. “One of things that concerns us is there’s a “she’ll be right,” a “tough it out,” and “it’s part of growing up” attitude, and that’s really not helpful. It’s not like puberty or first love. It’s not something that we should expect kids have to go through. Bullying can impact people for the rest of their lives.” Karla says solving bullying requires schools and parents to work together rather than feeling like they are on opposing sides. “Some parents connect with other parents first without addressing the issue with the school. I think that they genuinely believe that they’re doing the right thing for a quick resolution. But in our experience, that normally escalates the situation and makes it worse, especially for the child.” It was complicated for schools, Karla said. Teachers were being asked to deal with a lot in regards to bullying disclosures and did not necessarily have the skills to do it effectively. “They need support and training for how they can positively deal with bullying or harassment disclosures. I mean, if you have a class of 32 nine-year-olds and one boy doesn’t want to come into the class because of bullying, you need the skills to know how to gather the information and provide the support before you make decisions and take action.” New Zealand’s track record In the 2012 world-wide survey The Trends in Mathematics & Science Study, only two countries scored higher than New Zealand for bullying among year five students. NetSafe statistics indicate that up to one in five people have been cyber-bullied, but Sticks ‘n Stones’ own survey of more than 1400 youth revealed a much more interesting picture: cyber bullying was the least common form of bullying in the data that they calculated for 11 to 16-year-olds: between 6 and 12 per cent of individual cases, compared to 32-60% experiencing verbal bullying. However, that figure grew when it was combined with verbal bullying: 14-21%. That was concerning said Karla, because of the speed, anonymity and audience reach that digital communication afforded. While bullying was once contained in the playground, it was now sprawled across social media for all to see, with seeming impunity. How to talk with your child about bullying When a parent learns that their child is being bullied, the response is often, “Why didn’t they tell me?” There are several reasons for this according to the U.S Committee for Children. The first is that children don’t believe that adults will act. In fact, research shows that adults rarely intervene. Many adults believe that young people need to “work out” bullying problems like on their own. Blenheim-based life coach Erena Oliver said that kids she had counselled often expressed that they didn’t believe their parents would listen to them. “When you have a busy lifestyle, kids sometimes have the belief system that “Mum and Dad don’t have time for me.” I even had one boy whose mum was at home full time and he honestly believed that she didn’t care or listen to him. So it’s about communication and feeling connected with each other.” Other reasons that kids don’t speak up are fear of retaliation, getting a reputation as a tattle-tale, not being aware of subtle forms of bullying such as spreading rumours, as well as feeling ashamed, afraid or powerless. The Office of the Children’s Commissioner recommends that if parents learn that their child is target of bullying, they should: • Stay calm. • Work out how to deal with the situation together. • Reassure your child that they have done the right thing in talking about it, that the bullying is not their fault, and that you will work with the school to make things better. • Agree on a plan of support for your child. • Regularly check with your child to see how they are doing. Prevention – the best cure The best possible way to protect your child from bullying is to prepare them for how to deal with it before it happens. Education is key, experts say. Talk about what bullying is, why it happens, how to recognise it and ways that you will deal with it together. Your child will come to you if you have regular, open communication with them and they know in advance that they can talk about bullying with you. We’ve got parenting covered. Visit our parenting section for more fantastic articles. Tagged with: bullying, kids, parents, protect	cc/2020-05/en_head_0067.json.gz/line287
__label__wiki	0.735156	0.735156	PRESIDENT PAUL KAGAME OF RWANDA HAS A LOT TO LEARN FROM MOZAMBIQUE – RWANDAN OPPOSITION PLATFORM PRESS RELEASE N° 021/2016 The hero of Mozambique liberation and independence Samora MACHEL pointed out that “a soldier without politics is an assassin, i.e. using force for its own sake or for personal interest and not to serve the interest of the people. President Kagame should avoid being judged by history as an assassin. It is very sad and tragic for Rwanda which General Kagame took power by force, and is now using force to oppress his own people and maintain himself in power indefinitely. During the last 22 years that the ruling party in Rwanda the RPF has been in power, it has demonstrated that it cannot manage people’s demands without resorting to violence and coercion. Rwanda has the highest number of refugees of all time in the history of the country cutting across, ethnicity and profession and the only regime that has hunted its critics to assassinate them. His people have been cowed down to accept, despite gross violations of human rights, to change the constitution that allows him to be in power for 40 years (1994- 2034). We recall that even though he was Vice President (1994 -2000) he was the man with real power. THE PRESIDENT KAGAME OF RWANDA HAS A LOT TO LEARN FROM MOZAMBIQUE Extra judicial killings The president has set the tone in inviting his security agents to eliminate anyone who threatens state security which, under articles 463 and 451 of the penal code, includes anyone saying anything or tells others anything that is likely to incite the people against the government. This is come to mean anything that criticises government policy or practice and hence likely makes people hate the government. THE REACTION OF THE RWANDAN PARLIAMENT TO EU PARLIAMENT RESOLUTION: A WAKEUP CALL TO STOP RWANDA’S DESCENT TO HELL AGAIN Following the rejection , in its entirety, of the European Parliament “resolution on Rwanda: the case of Victoire Ingabire (2016/2910(RSP)” by the Rwandan Parliament, the political platform composed of political organisations Amahoro – PC, FDU – Inkingi, PDP – Imanzi, PS –Imberakuri and Rwanda National Congress‐ RNC, would like to draw the attention of the international community on how totalitarian the Rwandan regime has become and on the plight of citizens when a Parliament loses its role as a countervailing force to the excesses of the Executive and becomes its propaganda tool. Rwanda: #IngabireDay Victoire Ingabire Umuhoza RWANDA: SIX YEARS OF ARBITRARY DETENTION OF VICTOIRE INGABIRE UMUHOZA – INKINGI CALLS FOR HER IMMEDIATE RELEASE October 14, 2016, marks the 6th anniversary of the politically motivated arrest and detention of Mrs Victoire Ingabire Umuhoza in the notorious 1930 prison in Kigali. Her arrival in Rwanda in January 2010 to take part in the presidential elections of August 2010 sent shockwaves in the political circles of the Ruling Party of RPF. The warm welcome and her first words about equitable justice, genuine national reconciliation and her courageous stand against oppressive practices threatened the status quo. RWANDA: FDU-INKINGI APPEAL FOR THE HEALTH AND SAFETY OF ITS SUPPORTER, ANSELME MUTUYIMANA SERIOUSLY ILL IN NYANZA PRISON Mr Anselme Mutuyimana, a supporter of FDU-Inkingi, has been denied the right to be transferred to University Hospital of Butare for specialist treatment recommended by medical staff of Nyanza prison. We fear the worst could happen to him if he does not get the recommended medical attention in time. For the last two years Nyanza prison authorities have ignored the recommendation of prison medical staff to get him transferred Butare University Hospital to get proper treatment. He was given five appointments over the last two years but each time he would be removed from the list of people to be transferred by prison authorities and at times he was thrown out of the car at the time of departure. He was again refused to attend his medical appointment on the October 4, 2016. RWANDA: FDU-INKINGI CONSIDERS THE ATTITUDE OF IBUKA EUROPE TO THE DUTCH PARLIAMENT TO BE OUT OF PLACE FDU-Inkingi have learnt through a newspaper close to the RPF government that the organization IBUKA-Europe held a two day meeting, 24-25 / 09/2016, chaired by the Ambassador of Rwanda to the Netherlands to express its outrage to the Dutch Parliament following its request to the Minister of Justice to suspend the extradition of two alleged Rwandan “genocidaires” to Rwanda , where they cannot get fair trial. In its statement IBUKA Europe is giving instructions to the Minister of Justice to ignore the parliament’s decision and to proceed with the extradition. FDU-Inkingi find it outrageous that IBUKA taunts the Dutch Parliament the same way it does towards the Rwandan Parliament. IBUKA should know that there is real separation of powers in the Netherlands and that the Netherlands are a sovereign state and sovereign authority on its territory and in its relations with the outside world. Rwanda Day San Francisco: Bay View journalists get the boot by Ann Garrison Source: San Francisco Bay View Rwanda Day-San Francisco was a bad day for identity politics. Rwandan President Paul Kagame stepped to the podium and said that he was happy to be in San Francisco because it’s so diverse, seeming not to understand that his guest speaker, Rev. Rick Warren, champion of the 2008 Prop 8 ballot measure banning same sex marriage, wouldn’t appeal to San Francisco’s diverse population. The city and surrounding Bay Area communities include the nation’s highest concentration of men and women who identify as lesbian, gay, bisexual or transgender. Journalist Ann Garrison registered and was initially allowed to attend Rwanda Day-San Francisco. Then Rev. Rick Warren got up and told the audience that he might look like an American, but he’s really a Rwandan, and that he may have white skin, but he’s black on the inside. Neither the Black president nor the black-on-the-inside reverend took note of how rapidly gentrification is disappearing San Francisco’s Black neighborhoods. Though President Kagame forever plays the race card, claiming that his critics are racists who have contempt for Africans, his dependence on the political, diplomatic and military support of the U.S. and NATO make it arguable that he’s Black on the outside and white on the inside. His Rwanda Days in the West are unique; No other nation holds anything like these annual promotions rotating from one Western metropolis to another. RWANDA : FDU-INKINGI CALLS ON THE EUROPEAN COMMISSION TO IMPLEMENT THE RESOLUTION PASSED BY THE EU PARLIAMENT The European Parliament resolution on Rwanda, the case of Victoire Ingabire (2016/2910(RSP), passed today October 6, 2016, strongly condemns “the politically motivated trials, the prosecution of political opponents and the prejudging of the outcome of the trial”. The case of Mrs Victoire Ingabire Umuhoza, President of FDU-Inkingi, has been the most outstanding show case for the lack of independence of the judiciary in Rwanda. RWANDA: FDU-INKINGI CONSIDERS OUTRAGEOUS THE ATTITUDE OF IBUKA-EUROPE CHAPTER TOWARDS THE DUTCH PARLIAMENT	cc/2020-05/en_head_0067.json.gz/line288
__label__wiki	0.76042	0.76042	A Song of Ice and Fire, Analysis, Game of Thrones, Novels, Television Game of Thrones: Not the Women They Were Before by Rhiannon May 23, 2013 November 9, 2018 One of the strengths of A Song of Ice and Fire is its willingness to play with and subvert fantasy narrative tropes, especially with its female characters. The warrior woman is also a naive romantic who has never killed a soul. The scrappy young girl becomes an emotionally damaged child hell-bent on revenge. Cersei and Catelyn are both mothers who want to protect their children, but they go about it in rather different ways. And who even knows what Margaery is like, considering that we only see her from the perspectives of a girl who idolizes her and a queen who wants her dead. Characters resist simple categorization. Game of Thrones‘ inability to understand this is one of its biggest flaws. Although the show has created some wonderful moments and built on some of the book’s less developed characters (like Shae) in compelling and interesting ways, it often falls back on the desire to fit female characters neatly into the categories that the book defies. Most particularly, the show seems determined to fit some of its more complicated female characters into one of two boxes: masculine or feminine. Masculine characters are all about overt strength and fighting the system directly. They are outspoken and bold, can fight, do not flinch at the sight of blood, and are capable of killing. Feminine characters, on the other hand, are softer. They fight using smiles and kind words and manipulations. They are often concerned with marriage and motherhood, and tend to keep their true opinions to themselves. They are often, although not always, somewhat naive and romantic. Few to none of the ASOIAF characters fit neatly into one of those two categories, which means, of course, that it’s difficult for the show to fit them nearly into one of those categories either. But they are trying their best. Our main “masculine” character is Brienne of Tarth. In the books, Brienne is a warrior who is a woman, but she’s not a “warrior woman.” She has a strong sense of honor, is fairly naive about how the world will work, is very romantic like Sansa, and has never killed a single person. When she finally does kill somebody, it’s a huge emotional moment for her, and not one that she’s proud of. In the show, on the other hand, she kills in the second season without blinking. She’s much tougher and less emotionally vulnerable. It is as though the writers have taken the “soft” feminine bits out of her in order to make her more neatly fit our expectations of what a fighting woman would be like. Of course, this isn’t a consistent change, and as the show has gone on, she’s become more similar to the Brienne we see in the books. Perhaps different writers have different perspectives. Perhaps this is due to the fact that I’m thinking of her words in a scene that George RR Martin wrote himself. Perhaps the show simply feels that it can explore more of her depth and complexity once the audience has got to know her. But her casual aside to Jaime, that his fear is making him sound “like a bloody woman,” suggests that there is some anti-feminine sentiment going on in the writing of her character. Brienne, it seems, has somehow overcome the fact that she is a woman. She has transcended her femininity and become a warrior instead, and so she of course hates those normal women, and can no longer show traits, such as romanticism, that only women would have. On the other hand, we have characters like Cersei and Sansa. I already wrote a lot this week about how Sansa was made “nicer” in the show by kneeling for Tyrion, and how the show seems eager to make her like and appreciate Tyrion and make the best of her marriage. The show has also chosen an interpretation of Margaery that makes her into quite a manipulative figure, but one who seems bound to tell Sansa to appreciate her blessings and learn how to use marriage to her advantage. And although Cersei is still a powerful and fearful figure, the show seems to have decided that she can’t be complex and occasionally sympathetic while also being the ruthless spiteful killer she is in the books. Cersei wants power, but she can only achieve it through feminine means, through smiles and manipulation and fighting to protect her son. Any blunt, cold-blooded murder must be removed. In S2, her murder of Robert’s bastard children (done to protect her children’s own heritage) was given to Joffrey, while she acted shocked over how out of control her son has become. This season, her (admittedly unconfirmed, but most likely) attempt to have Tyrion killed is again given to her son. It’s good that the show isn’t just presenting her as an Evil Queen figure, without any sympathy or emotions of her own, but that doesn’t mean she has to be reduced to a mother with an out-of-control son. Unlike Jaime, who can shove children out of windows and also become a sympathetic main character, Cersei’s actions apparently must be sweetened and reduced, so that we can sympathize with her position, without remembering that she is not the nicest person herself. And of course, there’s Catelyn, who is punished by the narrative, and by her son, for stepping out of the acceptable bounds of “the king’s worried mother,” and then silenced for the rest of the show. Things get more complicated when we come to Arya Stark. She’s a “masculine” character, in that she’s all about learning to fight with a sword and speaks her mind at the most inopportune moments, but the line is drawn when the book asks her to kill bystanders in cold blood for her own gain, such as during her escape from Harrenhal. Like Cersei, that would be too much for a female character (even a masculine one) that we are supposed to like, and so her darkness and complexity is taken away. The only characters who are allowed to combine masculine and feminine, it seems, are the love interests. Talisa has been the most egregrious example of this, as a “not like other girls” character who rebels from the restrictions of her society, saves lives and captures the heart of the king, all in one go. The entirely “feminine,” sweet and somewhat naive Jeyne Westerling is not enough for our King Robb. He must have a woman who is something more, who is feisty and opinionated and strong-minded and unafraid of battle or blood, someone who would never have married if she had not met him, and so Talisa was created to replace her. Yet Talisa is obviously not like Brienne of Tarth, because she still needs to be a love interest. She still needs to be acceptable for our hero, and acceptable for long scenes where she lounges naked writing letters, so they have to keep in that softer side as well. Shae is a similar case. I love Shae in the show, but she’s very different from the superficial girl we see in the books. That Shae seems to care most about books and pretty dresses and the advantages that Tyrion can give her. The Shae in the show, on the other hand, is highly intelligent, blunt and outspoken, not at all superficial, but also genuinely loves Tyrion, frequently naked, and busts out a bit of feminine jealousy when Sansa gets involved. Daenerys is the one character who defies these thoughts, but she too fits into the space created for a love interest. She plays the badass conquering queen, albeit it indirectly and with her silk dresses intact, while also being feminine and vulnerable when the show’s nudity quota requires it. A Song of Ice and Fire seems determined to tell us that people cannot be easily categorized. The loving mother can also be a spiteful murderer. A man can kill a king for a good reason, and attempt to kill a boy for a terrible one. The sister who fights with a sword and the sister who fights with a smiles both have their strengths and weaknesses, and both will work hard to survive. But when it comes to female characters, the show doesn’t seem interested in all that. Much better to fit the characters into the categories they try to transcend, the “masculine” or the “feminine,” the weak dreaming girl or the bold love interest who’s not like those silly other things. If the show existed on its own, these tropes would probably not even be noticeable. They are, after all, common tropes. But when the books present us with such rich characters, and the show decides to force them into those tropes anyway, it suddenly seems startlingly obvious. Why have these complexities, the show seems to say, when these basic tropes are more appealing? Request for Book Recs! Nudity and power on Game of Thrones One comment on “Game of Thrones: Not the Women They Were Before” Carol , May 29, 2013 at 2:34 pm Direct link to comment I couldn’t agree more. Perfect article! I can’t even put into words how mad i am for what they’ve been doing – or not doing at all – with Catelyn (and I don’t even really like her). Revisiting The Last Jedi A Little Review of Frozen 2 Revisiting The Force Awakens Reading: This Lie Will Kill You by Chelsea Pitcher Watching: Terrace House: Boys and Girls in the City Playing: Breath of the Wild Why Frozen Isn’t “False Feminism” In Defense of Sansa Stark The Unforgivable Pinkness of Disney Princesses The Unsettling “Pacifist” World of Deltarune In Defense of Daenerys Targaryen ASOIAF/Game of Thrones	cc/2020-05/en_head_0067.json.gz/line289
__label__wiki	0.84081	0.84081	« earlier posts Acting up Germinal (1913). Film performance is notoriously difficult to analyze. We don’t lack zesty celebrations of actors; I think especially of Richard Schickel on Doug Fairbanks and Gary Giddins on Jack Benny and Bob Hope (praised in an earlier entry). But we have long found it difficult to penetrate actors’ secrets with the same precision that we bring to editing or framing or a film’s musical score. Actors’ performances don’t offer themselves in neat slices, the way that shots come to us. There isn’t a firm notational system that lets us capture performances the way that scores can pick out important patterns in music. Moreover, it’s hard to dissect something that seems so evanescent, so direct, and so natural. When we see someone smile on the bus or at a party, we react immediately and without any apparent thought. When someone smiles in a movie, we’re tempted to say that we respond just as directly. But then, what is acting? Just doing what comes naturally? Acting is clearly an art and a craft. Not everyone can do it, and comparatively few do it well. So if there is a skill or a technique involved, surely acting goes beyond ordinary behavior. And if as in other arts there are creative choices involved, there is likely to be a menu of options to be chosen from. Some of those options are likely to be conventions sanctioned by tradition. How strongly, then, is acting conventionalized? If it’s conventionalized to some degree, we should be able to analyze it. A small-scale debate has gone on for some years in film studies about whether film acting is heavily conventionalized, even coded. Advocates of the coding view point to the fact that acting styles vary in different places and change across time. What does Kabuki performance have in common with Method acting? It’s hard to claim that there is a universally realistic acting style that naturally represents human behavior. Against this, others have argued that even if there is no absolute and unchanging standard of realism, we can speak of more or less realistic aspects of performance. Some styles, like Method are just less artificial than others, like Kabuki—even if both are somewhat stylized with respect to realistic behavior. My own view, explored in Poetics of Cinema, is that performance traditions streamline or stylize a common core of widely shared human behaviors. In everyday life, smiling expresses happiness and/or serves as a social signal of openness. We’re unlikely to find a distant culture in which smiling expresses rage. (Of course we can have an instance of smiling concealing rage, but that would acknowledge the difference between the two states.) Some acting traditions, like Kabuki, retain certain common behaviors like weeping or proud walking, but make them more dancelike. Other acting traditions stylize core behaviors in different ways–the mumble of the Method, or the comic double-take. The differences lie in what aspects of facial expressions, gestures, gait, and the like are on the tradition’s menu, and how they become “streamlined” for expressive purposes and spectatorial uptake. In short, I’m a moderate constructivist about such matters. I agree that we have to learn to comprehend performances in different traditions. But our learning is fast and spontaneous, not at all like learning Morse code or English, because we already have strong hunches about what a frown or a wail might express. Frowning or wailing are likely to be contingent universals of human behavior. An intuition about the meaning of the performance guides us to recognize the more stylized aspects of the presentation. When Cesare coasts along walls in The Cabinet of Dr. Caligari, we take that to be a stylized representation of the act of stalking. That construal relies on the hunch that he’s doing something we already understand–stalking–in an unusual way. Although sometimes we might have to revise our intuitions about the meaning, those intuitions serve as a point of departure. (Where do our intuitions ultimately come from? Short answer: The evolution of humans as a social species.) E. H. Gombrich put it well: “It is the meaning which leads us to the convention and not the convention which leads us to the meaning.” Assunta Spina (1915). The faculty and alumni of the Film Studies program here at Wisconsin keep in touch through a (closed) listserv, and thanks to Jonathan Frome we also have a wiki, to be found here. It’s just starting to fill up, mostly with ideas for teaching and examples of sample sequences to illustrate film techniques. But now the wiki has gained striking essays on acting from two scholars of early cinema. Ben Brewster and Lea Jacobs’ book, Theatre to Cinema, took on the problem of what early feature films owed to the stage, and they concluded: Quite a lot. But instead of condemning this tradition as “uncinematic,” as most historians have, they showed that a highly engaging form of cinema arose by reshaping theatrical traditions. Specifically, Ben and Lea examined how “situational” plotting principles were carried into film, and they discussed film’s debt to the “pictorialist” drama of the nineteenth century. Many scholars had argued that melodramatic theatre was replaced by the Naturalist theatre, derived from the literary movement associated with Émile Zola. But Lea and Ben argued that a pictorialist conception of theatre and its modified form in early feature films cut across this distinction. A film that was avowedly Naturalist in plot or theme could maintain conventions of earlier forms. Consequently, they argued that film acting of the period, even when it seemed to be moving toward greater realism, was still building on the stereotyped expressions, gestures, and attitudes of pictorialist theatre. Actors were called upon to execute vivid stage tableaus. Standard gestures had to be imbued with fresh emotional intensity, and actors were expected to move gracefully from one expressive picture to another. Now Ben and Lea have extended their book’s argument in two in-depth studies posted on the UW wiki. Ben’s essay examines that great Capellani film Germinal (1913) and shows that it often perpetuates the poses and expressions of pictorialism, while also scaling them down. Lea tackles the work of the diva Francesca Bertini, including an analysis of the wonderful Assunta Spina (1915). Her piece is a companion to Ben’s. She writes: While I do not doubt that the plot of Assunta Spina fits under the rubric of naturalism, and that the acting and staging of some scenes in the film also show the influence of naturalism in the theatre, it seems to me that Bertini’s technique (and incidentally that of [Asta] Nielsen as well) is more reminiscent of Bernhardt than it is of the Duse, and that the blocking and use of gesture in the film is largely governed by what Brewster and I have discussed in terms of “pictorialism” in acting. By considering 1910s performance as a modification of theatrical poses, attitudes, and staging conventions, Jacobs and Brewster are led to remarkably detailed analyses. They have studied the conventions of acting at that period, and because they are alert to standard bits of business, so they are able to show fine points of performance that we would ordinarily miss. They’re also able to hold the realism/ artifice dispute in suspension by concentrating on particular historical traditions. They shrewdly note that as acting styles change, the newer one is likely to be praised as more realistic than the styles it supplants. In turn, that style will be considered artificial when a still newer one comes along. For this reason, Method acting may seem less realistic and more artfully contrived today than it did in the 1950s. Apart from the subtle discussion of acting styles, one merit of these essays is that they recognize how films can take bits and pieces of different traditions and modify them for particular ends. I’m sympathetic to this perspective. For instance, I still think that many of today’s Hollywood films, despite their contemporary look and feel, draw on principles of narration and plot structure that we can find in classic American studio cinema. In addition, you ought to visit the site to see how detailed their analyses are and how extensively they draw on frame stills. Indeed, one reason they published these pieces online was that no academic film journal could have accommodated so many illustrations. So much the better for us. The frames, taken from 35mm prints with a Nikon lens and negative film, are among the most beautiful you’ll find on the Internets. I swiped some here. Sangue bleu (1914). The quotation from E. H. Gombrich comes from his essay “Image and Code: Scope and Limits of Conventionalism in Pictorial Representation,” in The Image and the Eye: Further Studies in the Psychology of Pictorial Representation (Ithaca: Cornell University Press, 1982), 289. Kristin has written a couple of blog entries concentrating on performance, here and here. Thursday \| February 26, 2009 \| 1910s cinema, Film history, Film scholarship, Film technique, Film technique: Performance, Tableau staging, UW Film Studies \| No Comments » Coraline, cornered It’s common for academics in one field to borrow ideas from other domains of research. But people outside academe sometimes object when a film scholar talks about movies using a term or idea originating elsewhere. These people usually think of themselves as hard-headed pros. Everything we need to understand film, they think, can be derived from the concepts already used by practitioners. No doubt, we should be attentive to the ways in which filmmakers think and talk about their work. There’s a lot to be learned from shop talk and insider information–hence the enduring value of interviews, DVD commentaries, and the like. Yet no activity explains itself. Often practitioners do things intuitively, without making their background ideas explicit. We can often illuminate a filmmaker’s creative choices by spelling out the unspoken premises behind the work. Further, filmmakers themselves have traditionally drawn ideas from other arts and sciences. For example, storytelling techniques referred to as exposition, point of view, or motivation have their origin in theories of literature and drama. Filmmakers have been quite pluralistic in their creative practices; why can’t critics and historians be open to outside influences? Back in the 1980s I began speculating on how the film image represented space, and I adopted the then-current terminology of perceptual psychology. Researchers spoke of depth cues, those features of the real world that prompt our visual system to make fast inferences about a three-dimensional layout. Classic depth cues are the Gestalters’ figure/ ground relation, da Vinci’s “atmospheric perspective” (the haze that envelops more distant planes), and Helmholtz’s “kinetic depth effect,” the way that when you’re moving, closer objects change at a different rate than more distant ones. These features can also be invoked in two-dimensional images, as I tried to show in Narration in the Fiction Film. Nowadays, deeper explanations of these effects are available using geometrical or computational approaches to perception. But depth cues remain a useful informal way of studying how artists manipulate images. For this reason, in Film Art: An Introduction, we’ve continued to itemize some depth cues that are important in cinema. These concepts furnish analytical tools for understanding things that filmmakers do spontaneously when they compose or light a shot. So imagine my happiness when I hear filmmakers talk directly about depth cues. In a fascinating article in American Cinematographer, Pete Kozachik, Director of Photography on Coraline, explains that the filmmakers were very conscious of perceptual factors throughout, and not just in creating the stereoscopic effect. For example, they designed and filmed our heroine’s alternative world in normal perspective, but her boring normal world was designed to seem off-kilter and flat by means of inconsistent depth cues within the shots. “The compositions match in 2-D, but the 3-D depth cues evoke a different feel for each room.” This is hard to illustrate in a two-dimensional medium, but the Coraline trailer offers some examples. Consider this image. The tiles in the family shower don’t recede into the distance, either across or upward. They are more or less the same size, just arrayed along a diagonal. A degree of recession is supplied by tonality and lighting, but the corner of the shower stall remains somewhat ambiguous. If you try to do a Gestalt flip, you can see the corner as a chimney poking out at you rather than one receding inward. (To see this, try covering the rest of the shot with your hands.) In the garden of the “Good Household,” however, the bricks recede naturalistically in shape and size. The lighting and tonal gradients create a strong sense of depth. Here is the Good Family’s hallway. It displays central perspective, with everything receding as it should (as if seen by a wide-angle lens). By contrast, here is an oblique shot of Coraline’s real-world bedroom. The doorway’s edges recede pretty steeply, but the baseboard doesn’t taper as it moves toward and past the corner. Instead, it moves in parallel lines. The same thing is happening with the floor planks. You can see the effect more clearly if we drain the color and lower the contrast. (Sorry, Messrs. Selick and Kozachik.) Now you can also see the weird, almost cubistic edges of floorboards poking up just behind the carton. Again, lighting and tonality create a sense of depth that the geometry of the edges denies. The depth cues within Coraline’s normal life are inconsistent. Stare at the rear stretch of the baseboard awhile, and you’ll find that its contours may look a bit wider than those in the foreground. This sort of “parallel perspective” can be found throughout Asian art. Here is a Japanese book illustration from 1713, in which many of the edges run in parallel perspective. Again, instead of meeting in the distance, diagonals seem to be converging out in front of the picture plane, making some areas appear wider in the rear than in the front. If my invocation of other artistic traditions seems a highfalutin way of talking about an animated movie, check the Van Gogh joke in the Coraline frame at the bottom of this entry. Kozachik also explains how he spent a lot of time trying to vary the two images’ interocular distance, the distance between our two eyes, in order to give a greater sense of volume. The care paid off, at least for me. Coraline is the best 3D film I’ve seen, as well as the scariest. (For our take on Beowulf see this entry.) In addition, Coraline helps me push a general point: Cinema is at least partly an affair of perception. Filmmakers are practical psychologists, artists who have mastered the skill of playing with our senses. We can open up their secrets a little by using tools borrowed from the sciences of mind. For more on Coraline, see Bill Desowitz’s Animation World interview with Tadahiro Uesugi and his interview with Henry Selick. Background on the production is supplied by Thomas J. McLean’s article from last year. For an overview of spatial perception, see Maurice Hershenson, Visual Space Perception (MIT Press, 1999). A more detailed account is Stephen E. Palmer, Vision Science: Photons to Phenomenology (MIT Press, 1999). A geometrical explanation of the kinetic depth effect is offered in James E. Cutting, Perception with an Eye for Motion (MIT Press, 1986). Monday \| February 23, 2009 \| 3D, Animation, Film and other media, Film technique, Film technique: Cinematography, Film technique: Staging, Film theory, Film theory: Cognitivism \| No Comments » An old-fashioned, sentimental avant-garde film Kristin here– A great many silent films that were almost impossible to see when David and I were in graduate school are now available on DVD. And it’s not just a matter of titles becoming available. In those days we might be able to see a classic film, but it was likely to be a shortened, fuzzy version made from a worn distribution print. Now government support for film archives and revenues from home video have promoted many more restorations. There are still companies releasing poor-quality DVDs of silent films, but beautiful prints, complete with tinting, toning, hand-coloring, and specially composed musical tracks, as well as supplementary material, are becoming more common. A case in point is the new DVD version of Abel Gance’s 1922 epic, La roue (“The Wheel”), which the enterprising company Flicker Alley released last year. In its short existence since 2002, Flicker Alley has done exciting work. Its recent “A Modern Musketeer” collection finally makes a selection of Douglas Fairbanks’ pre-swashbuckler comedies and dramas available. I personally prefer these lively, witty, imaginative films to Fairbanks’ 1920s costume pictures. Flicker Alley’s George Méliès set is one of the great achievements of DVD production and deservedly won last year’s prize for the best silent DVD set at Il Cinema Ritrovato. Other highlights include F. W. Murnau’s rare psychological drama Phantom (1922) and Louis Feuillade’s serial, Judex (1917). I wrote about Flicker Alley’s release of Discovering Cinema, on early sound and color. David and I first saw La roue in 1973, in a 16mm print at George Eastman House. It lasted around two hours projected at sound speed. We had another chance to see it at a 1979 screening of a 35mm nitrate print at the Museum of Modern Art. Again, it was a truncated version. In short, you had to see La roue at an archive. The original 32-reel version would have run between seven and eight hours. That doesn’t survive, but versions longer than the ones we had seen survived in various collections. A more common release version made in the 1920s reduced the film to 12 reels, or about three hours. Other still shorter versions also circulated. Flicker Alley’s version is none of these. The liner notes say that it’s 20 reels, and it runs about 260 minutes. (The total time given on the box is 270 minutes, which I assume includes an eight-minute making-of supplement.) So what we have here is not an approximation of one of the release prints, but an attempt to reassemble as much footage as possible. Here’s what Flicker Alley’s press release said about the restoration: La Roue was originally shown in France over three days, in 32 reels, with a running time of almost eight hours, but was soon shortened to 12 reels, the maximum length for a typical feature film at the time. This new restoration, produced by Eric Lange, David Shepard and Jeff Masino with invaluable support from Turner Classic Movies, began with a 35mm master positive of this 12-reel version, a Russian print of an 8-reel version, two incomplete tinted nitrate prints of a longer French version, and finally, for two short but critical scenes, a 4-reel abridged version released by Pathe on 9.5mm for home movie screening. Conflating all of this material, the Lobster Film Studios restoration team headed by Eric Lange was able to prepare and digitally restore a 20-reel version, by far the most complete edition of La Roue seen anywhere since 1923. This release possesses exceptional pictorial quality and English titles that use the type font and moving photographic backgrounds of the original film. The notes call this restoration “the fullest presentation of La Roue to reach the public since 1923,” which may or may not be true. I have seen a print of La roue of roughly the same length which has a significant number of scenes that aren’t present in the Flicker Alley release-and lacks several of the scenes included here. That was at the Royal Film Archive of Belgium, though they don’t hold the original material on it; that’s in a French archive. That version runs 287 minutes at 18 frames per second; I can’t find an indication of projection speed on the DVD, though I would guess that it’s comparable. I definitely don’t want to suggest that the Flicker Alley DVD is not worth buying or viewing. Quite the contrary, it’s a valuable release of an extremely influential and important film. Perhaps a longer version will eventually be assembled, but I doubt that will happen any time soon. Those who have been waiting for years to see La roue should pounce on this, and it’s ideal for instructors who want to show clips of highly influential sequences in classes. The visual quality of the print is mostly excellent, apart from a few passages where the restorers had to use a 9.5 mm print to fill in a few scenes–and even those look pretty good. Blue tinting is used in the night scenes, and the film is accompanied by Robert Israel’s effective score. Gance’s innovations [SPOILER ALERT] Gance has many ardent admirers, to judge by the effusive reviews of the DVD on Amazon. But I find his major silent features a maddening blend of exciting stylistic innovation and old-fashioned, maudlin storytelling. La roue was, as far as we know, the first film to use rapid, rhythmic editing, at times going down to single-frame images. It’s also full of the subjective camera techniques typical of French Impressionist filmmaking: out-of-focus shots, white masks, superimpositions, and so on. The plot, however, is simple and melodramatic; it centers on Sisif, a train engineer, and his secret adopting of a little girl who survives a train wreck in the opening scene. Norma grows up assuming herself to be his daughter, and Sisif’s son Elie, a sensitive violin-maker, believes her to be his sister. Sisif falls in love with her but stifles his feelings, giving her in marriage to a rich man whom she doesn’t love. When Elie learns the truth, he comes to love her as well but also hides his secret. A great deal of suffering ensues, over which Gance lingers lovingly with many shots of agonized faces. Most famous are three scenes. The film’s action begins dramatically with the train crash, vividly rendered in many fairly quick shots. In the second, Sisif decides to crash the train in which Norma is traveling to her marriage. Even faster, accelerating editing conveys both Sisif’s anguish and Norma’s growing alarm. It’s a bold and suspenseful scene, and required viewing for anyone interested in silent cinema and the history of film style. The second passage comes after a fight between Elie and Norma’s husband that ends with Elie dangling from a tree root over a cliff. As he hears Norma approaching in an attempt to save him, their life together literally flashes before his eyes in a series of shorter and shorter shots that end with a flurry of single-frame images that end with his fall. Much of the imagery is also beautiful, in particular the shots of trains passing sinuously along rails, a motif that punctuates the film. These innovative scenes and other flashy techniques tended to be retained as distributors cut out more and more footage. What got trimmed seems to have been details of the quadruple romance plot. Scenes in the Belgian print that aren’t on the DVD include two brief ones indicating that the husband’s fortunes are declining. This sets up for the moment when Norma is revealed to have been left destitute after his death, a development that comes abruptly in the DVD version. The Belgian print also contains a rather silly scene in which Sisif talks to his train engine and imagines it replying to him. Modern viewers may find it a bit disconcerting that the interior scenes of Sisif’s small house, built between the rails in a real train-yard, are lit with bright sunlight. Immediately after World War I the French film industry was short on studios and lighting equipment. Using open-air sets and full sunlight was not uncommon there or in countries with small film industries. A brief but valuable bonus Most films of this era did not have making-of documentaries. In this case, though, poet Blaise Cendrars, a great cinema enthusiast, filmed some scenes of Gance and his team at work and put together a fascinating short. A couple of shots show the camera used to film the tavern scene mounted on a dolly. One view reveals just how close to the rails the sets for Sisif’s house were built. Trains passed so close to them that someone had to be stationed nearby to warn the crew of oncoming trains. Cendrars also recorded a visit Charles Pathé paid to the location, and there’s a heroic view of the director in the cab of a moving locomotive. This film has hitherto been très rare, so we are lucky to have it now. The booklet accompanying the discs has an excellent essay on the history of the production by William M. Drew and notes by Israel on his score. David insisted on having the photo at the bottom included among the illustrations. Gance appeared at the Walker Art Center in Minneapolis when he was 91 years old, which means that must have been in 1980. He had come to introduce a screening of Bonaparte and the Revolution, an early attempt to restore Napoléon vu par Abel Gance. At a reception afterwards, M. Gance was gracious enough to inscribe a photo and our copy of a book he had published in the 1920s, purchased back in the days when one could still find such things fairly readily in Parisian used bookshops. He also let David take a picture of him and me. He died the following year. Note: Filmmaker and blogger Kevin Lee has created two more of his “Shooting Down Pictures” video analyses, with me speaking about La roue (five minutes) and Variety (six minutes) to clips Kevin has edited. Wednesday \| February 18, 2009 \| Experimental film, Film archives, Film comments, Film technique, Silent film \| No Comments » Around the world in 750 pages The Double Life of Véronique (1992). Just over twenty years ago Kristin and I embarked on a perilous task. We decided to write a synoptic history of world cinema. The task wasn’t perilous because it was innovative. Since the 1930s, there has been no shortage of historical surveys of international filmmaking, and such items continue to be published. But when we decided on this project in 1987, we wanted something different. Soon that book will appear in a third edition. We take this occasion to explain the whys and wherefores. Just start over Daisies (1966). For a very long time, and sometimes still, film histories written by Americans took a very partial look at the phenomenon of cinema. For one thing, they tended to focus on a series of masterpieces, films that had been deemed important within a narrow canon. The earliest lineup went pretty much this way: Lumière films, Méliès’ Trip to the Moon, Porter’s Great Train Robbery, Griffith’s Birth of a Nation and/ or Intolerance. Then came national schools, such as German Expressionism (The Cabinet of Dr. Caligari), Soviet Montage (Battleship Potemkin), and Continental Dada and Surrealism (Entr’acte, The Andalusian Dog). Early sound was M and Sous les toits de Paris and maybe Love Me Tonight. The 1940s was Grapes of Wrath and Citizen Kane and Enfants du Paradis and Italian Neorealism. And so on. But in the 1970s archivists began opening their doors to researchers. Thanks to wider and deeper viewing, new film historians, young and old, were questioning the canon. André Gaudreault and Charles Musser showed that Porter’s Life of an American Fireman, which supposedly gave birth to crosscutting, did not do so; in fact the version people had used for years was a re-cut print! In Jay Leyda’s seminars at NYU, young scholars like Roberta Pearson were tracing what Griffith actually did and didn’t do, a task taken up by Joyce Jesionowski as well. At the same time, Eileen Bowser, Tom Gunning, Noël Burch, and others began questioning the idea that “our cinema” developed step by step from “primitive” beginnings. In England, Ben Brewster, Barry Salt, and others were minutely analyzing changes in film technique in the earliest years. Here at Madison, Tino Balio and Doug Gomery were revising the study of Hollywood as a business enterprise. Specialists working on national cinemas, from Russia, Italy, and the Nordic countries, were showing that there was far more diversity in world cinema than was dreamt of in orthodox histories. We were part of this generation of revisionists. In the 1970s and 1980s Kristin concentrated on European and American silent film, studying both stylistic movements and film distribution, as well as particular filmmakers like Eisenstein, Godard, and Tati. I did work on European and Japanese cinema. We spent years working on a reconsideration of the history of American studio film in collaboration with Janet Staiger. Writing The Classical Hollywood Cinema: Film Style and Mode of Production to 1960 we realized that asking fresh questions was both necessary and exciting. That’s what made our task perilous. Everything, it seemed, needed to be rethought. Most obviously, countries outside Europe and North America had been neglected. One of my favorite film statistics is this, to quote from our book: In the mid-1950s, the world was producing about 2800 feature films per year. About 35 percent of these came from the United States and western Europe. Another 5 percent were made in the USSR and the Eastern European countries under its control. . . . Sixty percent of feature films were made outside the western world and the Soviet bloc. Japan accounted for about 20 percent of the world total. The rest came from India, Hong Kong, Mexico, and other less industrialized nations. Such a stunning growth in film production in the developing countries is one of the major events in film history. Traditional histories, and film history textbooks, had virtually ignored the bulk of film-producing nations. Only one or two major directors would step in from the shadows. Kurosawa summed up Japan, Satayajit Ray stood in for India. And the books’ layout of chapters indicated this second-class status. The history of film was Euro-American, with East Asia, Southeast Asia, South America, and Africa, appearing, if at all, in periods when westerners first got glimpses of their film culture. So Japan was typically first mentioned after World War II, when Rashomon won a prize at the Venice Film Festival. One would hardly know that there were many, and many great, Japanese filmmakers working in a long-standing tradition. As if this weren’t enough, we were determined to include other varieties of artistic filmmaking. Documentary cinema, animation, and experimental film had attracted subtle historians like Bill Nichols, Mike Barrier, and P. Adams Sitney. We weren’t experts in these areas, but we were keenly interested in the debates in that domain, and so, guided by these and other scholars, we sought to integrate the histories of documentary, avant-garde, and animated cinema into our survey. Kristin and David’s excellent adventure Straight Shooting (1917). In sum, we decided that we could write a plausible international history of cinema—not a be-all and end-all, but a new draft that reflected the rich variety of new findings and fresh perspectives. Like all historians, we had to be selective. We couldn’t, for instance, track every nuance of the “false starts and detours” in early film technique. More globally, we decided to concentrate on three lines of inquiry. First, we studied changes in modes of film production and distribution. This inquiry committed us to a version of industrial history. How filmmaking was embedded in particular times and places, how it connected to local culture and national politics: these factors affected the ways films were made and circulated. For example, the early distribution of films followed the trade routes of late nineteenth-century imperialism. That global system started to crack with the start of World War I. A new world power, the United States, became the major film exporting country—a position it has enjoyed for most years since then. Secondly, we studied changes in film form, style, and genre. We treated these artistic matters as not wholly the products of individual innovators but also as more widely-developed practices and norms. This emphasis on norms allowed us to link, in some degree, the development of technique to opportunities and constraints presented by film industries. This angle of approach also meant looking at older works with a fresh eye, informed by others’ research but also by our own interests in film as an art. We were obliged to seek out films lying outside the orthodox story. Birth and Caligari and M feature in our account, but so do The Cheat and Assunta Spina and Liebelei. In those pre-DVD days, few of the titles we sought could be found on video, but we preferred to watch film on film anyway. So it was off to the archives. Fortunately, many collections were wide-ranging. We saw Egyptian and Swedish films in Rochester, French and Italian films in London, Indian and Japanese films in Washington, D. C., Polish and African films in Brussels. Committed to documenting our claims with frame enlargements, not production stills, we were lucky to be able to take photos from many of the movies we saw. In looking at national film industries and artistic change, we wanted to go beyond local observations. So a third question pressed upon us. What international trends emerged that knit together developments in different countries? We could not claim expertise in all the relevant national traditions, but we could, by drawing on films and other scholars’ writings, create a comparative study that gave a sense of the broad shape of film history. For example, we could point to the emergence of tableau cinema in many countries in the 1910s. We could consider various models of state-controlled cinema in the 1930s and discover the “New Waves” that emerged not only in France but around the world in the late 1950s and early 1960s. Citizen Kane popularized a “deep-focus” look, but comparative study showed us that its principles were prefigured in Soviet cinema of the 1930s and spread to most major filmmaking nations in the 1940s. Not all trends march in lockstep, but there was enough synchronization to let us plot broad waves of change across the 100 years of film. Our aim was a truly comparative film history. As a kind of overarching commitment, we wanted readers to think about what historical processes had shaped earlier historical frames of reference. How, for instance, did the “standard story” and the mainline canon get established in the first place? Part of the answer lies in the growth of film journalism and film archives. Why did Fellini, Bergman, Kurosawa, and other directors get so much fame in the 1950s and 1960s? True, they made exceptional films, but so did many other directors who remained unknown to a wider public. We suggested that the “golden age of auteurs” owed a good deal to developments in film criticism and to the postwar growth of film festivals. What led Japanese anime to a period of international popularity in the 1980s? Not only worldwide television distribution, but also devoted fans who spread their gospel through fanzines, videocassettes, and the youthful Internet. The “institutional turn” in film research of the 1970s and 1980s pushed us to consider how film industries and international film culture governed the way films were made and circulated. The research programs that were launched in the 1970s were characterized by a greater self-consciousness than we had seen before. Historians questioned their assumptions and explanations. Why attribute originality only to “great men” without also examining their circumstances? Why presuppose that film technique grows and progresses in a linear way? To capture this new self-consciousness about purposes and methods, we incorporated something that had never been seen in a film history before: an introduction to historiography. In its latest incarnation it can be found elsewhere on this site. We also appended to each chapter short “Notes and Queries” discussing intriguing side issues, debates in the field, and topics for further research. Up-to-date, and beyond 10 Canoes (2006). The result of our efforts was first published by McGraw-Hill in 1994 as Film History: An Introduction. A second edition appeared in late 2002. More recently, we’ve spent about twenty months preparing a third edition, which will be published on 20 February this year. We thought that writing the first edition was bloody hard, and it didn’t get any easier on the second or third pass. As usual, however, visiting new material broadens your compass. Writing my portions of the first edition had a profound impact on my research, but also on my personal tastes. The activity awakened my interest in Hindi cinema of the 1950s, Latin American cinema of the 1960s, experimental work of the 1980s, and African film of the 1990s. On this third round, I was caught up in the innovations of contemporary Korean film and of avant-gardists like Sharon Lockhart. Overall, our urge to trace cinematic creativity around the world led us to a greater appreciation of the wonders of film. Film History‘s third edition consists of six parts. The first looks at early cinema, from the 1880s to the end of the 1910s. The second considers the late silent era through the 1920s and slightly beyond. Part Three surveys the international development of sound film, up to 1945. The postwar era, from 1945 to the end of the 1960s, constitutes Part Four. We next consider the contemporary period, generously conceived as running from the 1970s to the present. The last section, Cinema in the Age of Electronic Media, makes up for the broad compass of Part Five by reconsidering trends that took shape during the 1980s. What’s new in this edition? Several small changes have been made in the early portions to reflect newly available films and filmmakers now recognized as important. We have updated coverage of documentary with discussions of the rise of the theatrical doc and its two most striking practitioners, Errol Morris and Michael Moore. We have likewise expanded our section on avant-garde filmmaking by considering “paracinema,” which should have been in earlier editions, and the increase in cinema presented as installations and gallery works. As for national cinema developments, we have extended our survey of western Europe and the USSR (Chapter 25), continental and subcontinental cinemas such as Latin America, Africa, and India (Chapter 26), and East Asia and Oceania (Chapter 27). New coverage is given to the recovery of the Russian and Chinese industries, the increasing world presence of Bollywood, and fresh talent from the Middle East and South Korea. The book’s last part continues to host a chapter (28) on American cinema’s development in the light of home video and the rise of independent filmmaking; the blockbuster and Mumblecore are among the subjects we tackle. As in the second edition, we devote a chapter to globalization, which lets us trace the struggle between Hollywood’s global blockbusters and countervailing trends in other regions. This chapter allows us to study other globalizing processes, such as multiplexing, the Internet, fan culture, piracy, and diasporic populations. Chapter 30 is new to this edition. It examines the effects of the digital revolution on all aspects of film production, as well as on new means of distribution and exhibition. The subjects covered include 3-D animation, DIY independents, and online distribution. We end by recognizing film as no less international an art form than it was in the earliest decades, when silent films slipped freely across national borders. As in the early editions, we’ve tried to synthesize contemporary contributions but also add our own research and our own interpretations. Here, for example, is our very cine-centric conclusion about “the death of film.” Will this barrage of new media ultimately overwhelm the cinema? Will the Internet, video games, and personal music players take over as the preferred forms of entertainment? Possibly, but there is evidence against that notion. Each time that a digital platform appeared, it initially lacked the capacity to show films. Yet each platform adapted itself in order to add that capacity. In the 1990s, computers acquired the power to display movies. The Internet originally did not show films, but now it has Quicktime and downloads. Cell phones started out as communication devices, but later models included a camera and screen so that users could shoot and view films. The first game consoles could not show movies, but after the advent of DVDs, the next generation of machines became combination players. The original iPod and other personal music devices were strictly for audio, but Apple added the capacity to download digital video from computers, DVDs, and the Internet. The iPod enlarged its screen to better display films, even though that meant abandoning the signature click-wheel in favor of touch-screen controls. Far from killing movies, digital media have allowed them to leave the theater and our living rooms. Now they can travel with us almost anywhere. In effect, film has reshaped the new media to accommodate it. As new digital devices emerge, we suspect that they, too, will adjust themselves to the cinematic traditions that have developed over 110 years. No book can be definitive, partly because things change astonishingly fast. When we wrote the revision, DreamWorks was firmly within the Paramount family, and our chart of media conglomerates on p. 683 left it there. In page proofs, we shifted it when it seemed all but certain to move to Universal. Now comes the news that DreamWorks has signed with Disney. Likewise, the flow of important research hasn’t abated, and valuable books, like Jay Beck and Tony Grajeda’s Lowering the Boom: Critical Studies in Film Sound, were published after we went to press. Another peril of writing contemporary history, then: Keeping up. To squeeze in our new material, we’ve had to excise the historiography essay mentioned above, as well as our Notes and Queries and our plump bibliographies. Those, all updated, have appeared at the McGraw-Hill site. Even if you’re not reading the book, feel free to go to the Student Edition tab and browse through the Notes and Queries for each chapter. Some of these brief, bloggish items may pique your interest. Without exactly planning to do it, we seem to have come up with the most wide-ranging, extensively illustrated survey of world cinema history available in English. The third edition of Film History: An Introduction runs to 750 large-format pages, not counting the index. It contains hundreds of black-and-white frame enlargements and thirty pages of color illustrations. We hope that if you’re interested in film history you’ll take a look. Feel free to write to us with your thoughts, especially if you find misprints (we’ve been chasing them for months) and factual errors. We’d also appreciate comments about our larger arguments and interpretations. We improve only by constantly rechecking what we say and how we say it. The quotation about 1950s world film output comes from Kristin Thompson and David Bordwell, Film History: An Introduction, third ed. (New York: McGraw-Hill, 2009), 373. Tokyo Drifter (1966). Wednesday \| February 11, 2009 \| Books, Film history, Film scholarship, Film technique, Global film industry \| No Comments »	cc/2020-05/en_head_0067.json.gz/line290
__label__wiki	0.817855	0.817855	She cheated on all three husbands at the same time Patricia Penrose wanted more. Patricia Penrose wanted more than her husband, Edmund Penrose, could give. So she got married again. Twice. Without getting any divorces. It’s a love story, of sorts, from the United Kingdom. Patricia lived on Oates Street in the little town of Maltby in the UK. Ms. Penrose, who was married to Edmund Penrose, put ads in lonely hearts newspaper columns and on Internet dating sites, listing herself as an "outgoing, bubbly, country-loving redhead." Patricia Penrose and Jim Bell, newlyweds. She met Jim Bell, a divorced father of two. She told him she was divorced because her husband had cheated on her. She was not divorced. Two years later, in 2004, she married Mr. Bell and he became husband number two. She moved into his home, and she told him she worked nights as a nurse, which allowed her to disappear for days without him becoming suspicious. She also claimed to have blood cancer – non-Hodgkin lymphoma – and needed to be treated at a hospital. When Mr. Bell tried to visit her there, the hospital staff said they’d never heard of her. She told him she’d been transferred to a different hospital. Said Mr. Bell: "I was curious about her movements especially as I never saw her at Christmas but she said she was stuck at the hospital and I believed her… We had a fantastic sex life…" Then, through an ad in the newspaper, she met divorced father of two Martin Wright. She also told him she was divorced. Right before their wedding, she said she had to go to the hospital to remove her fallopian tubes. Martin Wright, husband number three. She finally did get married to Mr. Wright, who became husband number three in 2005. Said Mr. Wright: "It wasn’t much of a honeymoon… she had a big plaster on her stomach covering what I supposed was the operation scar." Mr. Wright took out a mortgage to buy them a home. They went on trips together. Altogether, though, in the whole time they were married, she only spent two days in their home. She told him she was sick in the hospital a lot. She refused to allow her husband to come visit her. By 2009 they kept in touch by text and met just once a month to eat together. But for a time, she was living in all three homes with all three husbands. This went on for five years. Finally, she was missing from her first husband’s home for a longer time than usual. Mr. Penrose number one became concerned and reported her missing to the police. That’s when the marriage certificates for her other two marriages were discovered. The police called Mr. Wright, husband number three, who hadn’t seen her for six weeks. When Mr. Wright finally met up with her, she said that that whole thing with the police had all been a misunderstanding. However, eventually Ms. Penrose, now age 51, a mother of three, was arrested. She pleaded guilty to bigamy. She was sentenced to 200 hours of community service. After her arrest, she left both husband number two, Mr. Bell, and husband number three, Mr. Wright. Mr. Wright said, "I think the sentence is way too lenient. She upset a lot of people’s lives. She has wasted a lot of my life and it has put a few years on me. Gulf News>> The Star>> Sally Hanreck>> Google Maps>> Posted in 2010/10 \| Tagged cheated, husbands, same, time Pencil vs. camera and more The best children’s book on deception	cc/2020-05/en_head_0067.json.gz/line292
__label__wiki	0.811831	0.811831	One Month Without Actualization I´m going to the 2010 Judicial Conference of the United States Court of Appeals for the Armed Forces, so the next actualization probably will be after March, 18. Congressman John Murtha Passes Away at Age 77 The Honorable John P. Murtha www.murtha.house.gov CONTACT: MATT MAZONKEY MATTHEW.MAZONKEY@MAIL.HOUSE.GOV WASHINGTON, D.C. -- Congressman John P. Murtha (PA-12) passed away peacefully this afternoon at 1:18 p.m. at Virginia Hospital Center in Arlington, VA. At his bedside was his family. Murtha, 77, was Chairman of the House Appropriations Subcommittee on Defense. First elected to the U.S. House of Representatives in February of 1974, Murtha dedicated his life to serving his country both in the military and in the halls of Congress. A former Marine, he became the first Vietnam War combat Veteran elected to the U.S. Congress. This past Saturday, February 6, 2010, Murtha became Pennsylvania’s longest serving Member of Congress. A complete biography is available below. Biography of John P. Murtha U.S. Representative John P. Murtha has dedicated his life to serving his country both in the military and in the halls of Congress. He had a long and distinguished 37-year career in the U.S. Marine Corps, retiring from the Marine Corps Reserve as a colonel in 1990. He has been serving the people of Pennsylvania's 12th Congressional District since 1974. Currently serving his 19th term, Congressman Murtha is the eighth most senior member of the 435-member U.S. House of Representatives. Of the nearly 10,600 men and women who have served in the U.S. House of Representatives since 1789, only 79 have served longer than he has. Congressional Leadership Congressman Murtha has worked hard to bring tens of thousands of family-sustaining jobs to western Pennsylvania. With the wide-spread loss of coal and steel jobs that were the lifeblood of the area, he pushed the region in a new direction, intent on diversifying the economy by attracting health care, defense, medical research, tourism and high-tech jobs that would insulate the region from future shocks. This success has transformed communities and has brought thousands of jobs to the district he represents. He co-founded the Congressional Steel Caucus in 1979 to preserve what remained of America’s steel industry by fighting subsidized steel imports. Years ago he began to support funding for alternative energy technology, providing research dollars for military wind energy, fuel cell technology, and a coal-based jet fuel currently being tested in Air Force planes. He has played a major role in heritage preservation and tourism efforts throughout Pennsylvania. He created a heritage region that became a model for the National Heritage Area program, which today includes both the Rivers of Steel and Path of Progress in Southwestern Pennsylvania. He has secured funding to preserve national heritage sites from Fort Necessity to Frank Lloyd Wright’s Fallingwater to Gettysburg National Military Park. He also authored legislation establishing the Flight 93 National Memorial in Pennsylvania. In the 1990s, the U.S. Justice Department attempted to exempt federal prosecutors from ethics rules. This effort was undertaken despite the fact that numerous cases emerged of unchecked prosecutorial activities far outside of ethical guidelines, including hiding evidence, distorting facts, paying for perjury, setting up innocent people and, in some of the severest cases, engaging in cover-ups. Congressman Murtha took on the Justice Department and Congress overwhelmingly passed the Murtha Amendment which codified that federal prosecutors are bound by the ethics rules of the jurisdictions in which they are practicing. Concerned about the future viability of Social Security and the retirement savings of Americans, he has authored legislation allowing children to have a Roth IRA so that family members and friends can contribute to a child's nest egg from day one. He has fought for a patient's bill of rights, prescription drug benefits, a higher minimum wage, and protecting Medicare, Social Security and veterans' and miners’ benefits. When Pennsylvania's Children's Health Insurance Program (CHIP) was about to be killed by federal regulations, he convinced the Clinton White House to be more flexible and saved the program. When the Environmental Protection Agency said the six-county Pittsburgh Air Basin would get no permits for industrial growth, he inserted language allowing time to finish a balanced, community-based plan. When Medicare refused to pay for preventive health care such as mammograms and flu shots, he included language in an appropriation that convinced the agency to provide coverage. Military/Defense Leadership Congressman Murtha is highly respected for his first-hand knowledge of military and national security issues. He has been a trusted adviser to Presidents of both parties and is one of the most effective advocates for our national defense. Currently the Chairman of the House Appropriations Subcommittee on Defense, he oversees appropriations for the Department of Defense, which includes the Air Force, Army, Marine Corps, Navy, and the intelligence community. As the first Vietnam War combat Veteran elected to Congress and a career Reservist, he has a rare combination of experience that enables him to lead his colleagues and the nation on defense issues. He learned about military service from the bottom up, beginning as a raw recruit when he left Washington and Jefferson College in 1952 to join the Marines out of a growing sense of obligation to his country during the Korean War. He earned the American Spirit Honor Medal, awarded to fewer than one in 10,000 recruits. He rose through the ranks to become a drill instructor at Parris Island and was selected for Officer Candidate School at Quantico, Virginia. He then was assigned to the Second Marine Division, Camp Lejeune, North Carolina. In 1959, Captain Murtha took command of the 34th Special Infantry Company, Marine Corps Reserves, in Johnstown. He remained in the Reserves after his discharge from active duty until he volunteered for Vietnam in 1966-67, where he served as the S-2 intelligence officer for the 1st Battalion, 1st Marine Regiment, 1st Marine Division and received the Bronze Star with Combat "V", two Purple Hearts and the Vietnamese Cross of Gallantry. Upon his retirement from the Marine Corps Reserve in 1990, he was awarded the Navy Distinguished Service Medal by the Commandant of the U.S. Marine Corps. Health Care Leadership Congressman Murtha’s mission to improve access to preventative medicine, expand medical research, and ensure that health care is affordable has benefited people across our country. In 2003, he found out through the Air Force Surgeon General that 144,000 Air Force personnel and/or members of their family have diabetes. Determined to reverse the diabetes epidemic in the military as well as throughout western Pennsylvania, he has directed funding to the University of Pittsburgh Medical Center's Diabetes Institute for diabetes prevention, education and outreach, which is having significant success on military installations and across rural communities. He has also directed funding to Children's Hospital of Pittsburgh to continue research and clinical trials for a cure to Type 1 diabetes. Congressman Murtha has worked with breast cancer survivor advocate groups to provide over $2.5 billion for breast cancer research through the Department of Defense. This funding has led to state-of-the-art research for detecting and treating breast cancer, and has resulted in early detection technologies like imaging tools and molecular studies that yield more reliable results. He has forged partnerships between western Pennsylvania hospitals and world-renowned institutions such as Walter Reed Army Medical Center and Bethesda Naval Hospital, one of which has led to research that could revolutionize the early detection and treatment of breast cancer and significantly advance efforts to eradicate the disease. Through his leadership in securing continued funding for the healthcare program for retired miners, he has twice been able to help save their benefits from being eliminated. Foreign Policy Leadership Congressman Murtha has traveled around the world leading Congressional and Presidential fact-finding missions, meeting with foreign leaders, monitoring international elections and representing the United States Congress abroad. President Ford asked Congressman Murtha in 1975 to be part of the first Congressional fact-finding mission to Vietnam after U.S. forces had been withdrawn. He later returned in 1978 to discuss with the Vietnamese the issue of Americans still listed as missing in action and to bring back the remains of any Americans that had been found in recent years. In 1982 and 1983, Speaker “Tip” O’Neill sent Congressman Murtha to Beirut, Lebanon, to assess President Reagan’s decision to deploy U.S. Marines in the midst of civil unrest. He returned and warned that our troops were in a vulnerable position and that the force was inadequate to attain the mission outlined by the State Department. He argued for the withdrawal of the Marines from Beirut. Congressman Murtha was part of a Congressional delegation that visited the Soviet Union in 1984 shortly before Mikhail Gorbachev rose to power. The delegation reinforced the United States openness to pending economic and military changes in that country. He later worked to provide funding essential to long-term global stability by decommissioning nuclear equipment and destroying warheads. President Reagan named Congressman Murtha and Senator Dick Lugar as co-chairmen of a 20 member presidential delegation to monitor the Philippine elections of 1986. The delegation personally observed activities of voting fraud and manipulation and determined that the election had been stolen by the Marcos regime. After the delegation convinced President Reagan to delay certifying the election, Marcos fled the country and Corazon “Cory” Aquino became president. Congressman Murtha served as chairman or co-chairman of four separate presidential election-monitoring delegations to El Salvador. He had been one of the strongest and most influential supporters of El Salvador when communist insurgents threatened to overrun the democratically elected government. In 1989, President George H.W. Bush named Congressman Murtha as Chairman of the U.S. delegation to monitor the elections in Panama. It quickly became clear that the election was fraudulent and that Panama’s military dictator, Manuel Noriega, had removed the constitutionally elected President and held onto power by declaring his party as the election winner. At President Bush’s urging, Murtha traveled to Panama on several more occasions and met secretly with the “defeated” candidates. He helped facilitate messages between them and the Bush Administration regarding support for an American intervention. He later inspected the build-up of U.S. forces that invaded in December 1989 and deposed Noriega. Congressman Murtha played a key role in the defeat of the Soviet Union in Afghanistan during the 1980s. He worked with Congressman Charlie Wilson on the Defense Appropriations Subcommittee to secretly provide funding for the CIA to supply arms to the Afghan fighters. Stinger Missiles became successful in shooting down Soviet helicopters and aircraft and turning the tide for the Afghan resistance. During the Persian Gulf War, Congressman Murtha played a vital role as a moderate Democrat in attracting swing votes that assured passage of a House Resolution supporting the United Nations Resolution on the conflict. He made two trips to the Gulf Region to assess the situation and troop morale, and was invited numerous times by President George H.W. Bush to the White House for briefings and advice. When President George H.W. Bush ordered 25,000 U.S. troops to Somalia in December 1992, Congressman Murtha appeared on Larry King Live that very evening to debate against the decision. He traveled to Somalia on three inspection trips. In July 1993, he wrote President Clinton a letter recommending a phased withdrawal of our troops. Although his advice was not heeded, history would prove him right. From 1996 through 1998, Congressman Murtha made several trips to Bosnia to inspect the United Nations Forces. In September 1996, President Clinton asked him to co-chair a U.S. delegation overseeing the first post-war election, to certify that the election was fair and that the Bosnian Muslims, Croats and Serbs were able to openly participate. He also traveled to Bosnia with President Clinton for Christmas in 1997 and 1998. Congressman Murtha voted to give President George W. Bush authorization to use military force against Iraq in October 2002. He inspected the build-up of U.S. troops in the Gulf Region weeks before the invasion and five months later in August 2003. He found severe shortages of body armor, electronic jammers, and vehicle spare parts. He has worked tirelessly to ensure that our troops have the proper equipment and training that they need. He wrote President Bush in September 2003 warning that, “we have severely miscalculated the magnitude of the effort we are facing” and said that he agreed with an assessment by Dr. John Hamre that we have a “narrow window of opportunity available to deliver progress in terms of economic infrastructure, security and basic service improvements.” He received a reply seven months later from the Department of Defense saying that “we have made substantial progress in the very ways that you suggest.” After voicing his concerns and suggestions directly to the Administration and being continually ignored, he made the decision to publicly argue for the redeployment of U.S. forces from Iraq on November 17, 2005. Since then, he has become one of Congress’s most outspoken critics of the War in Iraq, convinced that the conflict can only be solved politically, diplomatically and economically by the Iraqis, not the American military. Since the war in Iraq has begun, he has made eight visits to the region. Congressman Murtha’s countless honors include the John F. Kennedy Profile in Courage Award; the National Breast Cancer Coalition Leadership Award; Pennsylvania Chamber of Business and Industry's Government Leader of the Year; Pittsburgh's Riverperson of the Year; the Congressional Medal of Honor Society's National Patriots Award; and Pennsylvania's two highest honors, the Distinguished Service Medal and the Meritorious Service Medal. USS Bataan Immunization Clinic DNU Flash - USS Bataan (LHD 5) clinic gives immunizations in Haiti. USS Patriot Refuels Underway DNU Flash - USS Patriot (MCM 7) conducts a replenishment-at-sea. USS Nimitz Barber Shop DNU Flash - A look at the barber shop aboard aircraft carrier USS Nimitz (CVN 68). Japanese Volunteer In Yokosuka DNU Flash - A Japanese native gives tours to Yokosuka Sailors. Hawaii Oily Sludge DNU Flash - Hawaii chemists break down oily waste into a non-harmful disposable product. Headlines for Monday, February 8, 2010 DNU Flash - Headlines from around the fleet: Navy wants to increase the number of female recruit division commanders at Recruit Training Command Great Lakes; Sailors need to activate their electronic service records. All Hands TV - The new GI Bill All Hands TV - LCS2 USS Independence Joins the Fleet All Hands TV - A Look at the Navy in Action in Haiti Sasebo CBR Training DNU Flash - Sasebo Sailors receive chemical, biological radiological training. Yokosuka, Japan Compass Program DNU Flash - Compass program introduces spouses to military life in Yokosuka, Japan. JTF Bravo In Haiti DNU Flash - Joint Task Force Bravo provides medical care for Haitian patients. Navy And Air Force Combine Base Management In Hawaii DNU Flash - Naval Station Pearl Harbor and Hickam Air Force Base combine base management. Rota, Spain Cub Scouts DNU Flash - Naval Station Rota Spain Cub Scouts participate in pinewood derby event. Headlines For Friday, February 5, 2010 DNU Flash - Headlines from around the fleet: The Department of the Navy renews its commitment to wounded warriors; Rear Adm. Joseph Mulloy talks about budget for the Marine Corps. Sexual Assault Report A new report details how the military is dealing with sexual assault. NFL Military Ties Many of the National Football League's biggest stars credit their tie with the military for their success. Super Bowl Shoutouts The Super Bowl is this Sunday. The Pentagon Channel's SSgt Josh Hauser reports from Miami. Haiti Donation Scams Con artists are trying to take advantage of the millions of donations being sent to Haiti. Coalition Force Training Coalition forces are working and training together in Afghanistan. Combat Zone Exclusion Troops serving in combat zones are entitled to a combat zone exclusion which would remove certain pay from their reported income. Today's Top News 04 Fev 2010 SECDEF Robert Gates is in Turkey to discuss NATO's budget and troop requirements for the war in Afghanistan. Battleship Missouri Memorial Reopens DNU Flash - Battleship Missouri Memorial reopens after a three month overhaul. USS Ashland Arrives In Guantanamo Bay, Cuba DNU Flash - USS Ashland (LSD 48) arrives in Guantanamo Bay, Cuba, to on load relief supplies for Haiti. USS Enterprise Prepares For Deployment DNU Flash - USS Enterprise (CVN 65) Sailors prepare for deployment. Haiti Supply Process Improved DNU Flash - Sailors improve transportation of supplies to Port-au-Prince, Haiti. Cobra Gold Exercise The annual Cobra Gold exercise commenced this week in Thailand. Future Warfighter Budgeting Costs DNU Flash - The Deputy Assistant Secretary of the Navy for Budget Rear Adm. Jospeh Mulloy explains the future budgeting costs warfighters needs to meet their mission. Headlines for Thursday, February 4, 2010 DNU Flash - Headlines from around the fleet: The Department of Defense announced budget for fiscal year 2011 includes increase of spending for wounded warriors; Naval operations change focus to returning infrastructure to the Haitian government. Ft Campbell Training Thousands of Soldiers from Kentucky will deploy to Afghanistan later this year. Aviators Deliver Marine aviators in Afghanistan ensure troops and supplies are delivered on time so the mission can be completed. Kentucky Guard Deploys The Kentucky National Guard's 2123rd Transportation Company is preparing to deploy to Afghanistan. Tax Help For Troops Military One Source offers numerous ways for servicemembers to file their taxes. Sexual assault remains a significant issue in the military. VA Guard Prepares The Virginia National Guard is preparing for heavy snow from a winter storm this weekend. Blackhawk Crash Officials with U.S. Army Europe are confirming three of their Soldiers were killed when their UH-60 Blackhawk crashed Wednesday night northeast of Mannheim, Germany. Chairman of the Joint Chiefs ADM Michael Mullen testifies for the second straight day on the FY 2011 defense budget. Puerto Rico Guard The Puerto Rico National Guard is activating soldiers to help police handle the rising crime rate. USS Nimitz Ships Store DNU Flash - USS Nimitz (CVN 68) ship's store provides a valuable service to Sailors. Sailors Take Part in Japanese Ceremony DNU Flash - Yokosuka Sailors participate in a traditional Japanese ceremony. Pearl Harbor CFL Course DNU Flash - Select Pearl Harbor Sailors begin Command Fitness Leader course. New Sasebo Security Uniform DNU Flash - Sasebo security personnel begin transition to new Navy Working Uniform. Budget Testimony Defense Secretary Robert Gates and Chairman of the Joint Chiefs, Admiral Michael Mullen, speak about the 2011 Defense budget. Avatar Visits NSA Bahrain DNU Flash - Avatar cast and crew visit Naval Support Activity Bahrain. Headlines for Wednesday, February 3, 2010 DNU Flash - Headlines from around the fleet: Secretary of Defense Robert Gates talks about the Quadrennial Defense Review and Rear Adm. Joseph Mulloy, Deputy Secretary of the Navy for Budget, talks about the Navy budget; U.S. Southern Command continues to support Haiti. Afghan Web Project A new web-based public affairs project, aimed at bringing a better picture of counter insurgency operations in Afghanistan, kicks off next Monday. Stavridis Praises Afghans NATO's top commander is praising Afghan security forces for stopping an insurgent attack on a number of key buildings in the Afghan capitol. 1st Female to Head Guard The first female has been sworn in as the head of California's National Guard. Military members who purchased a new home in 2009 may be eligible for a credit this tax season. Haiti Operation Latest Joint Task Force-Haiti is moving to the next phase of its operation. Force Deployments About 3200 members of the Fourth Brigade Combat Team, 101st Airborne Division out of Fort Campbell, Kentucky will deploy to Afghanistan. NAVY - Operation Unified Response USN USS Bataan Relief Efforts DNU Flash - USS Bataan (LHD 5) continues to aid in humanitarian efforts in Haiti. USS Patriot Conducts Drill DNU Flash - USS Patriot (MCM 7) performs a terrorism drill off the coast of Okinawa, Japan. Avatar Crew Visits Eisenhower DNU Flash - The cast and crew of the movie Avatar visit USS Dwight D. Eisenhower (CVN 69). Guantanamo Bay Serves as Supply Hub DNU Flash - Naval Station Guantanamo Bay, Cuba is a logistics hub for supplies, equipment and personnel bound for Haiti. Defense Secretary Robert Gates and Chairman of the Joint Chiefs, Admiral Michael Mullen testified on Capitol Hill about the defense budget. 10th Fleet Tackles Cyberspace Challenges DNU Flash - The newly recommissioned 10th Fleet will help the Navy tackle cyberspace challenges. Headlines for Tuesday, February 2, 2010 DNU Flash - Headlines from around the fleet: The Department of Defense releases the 2011 Defense Budget Request and the 2010 Quadrennial and Ballistic Missile Defense Reviews; USS Carl Vinson (CVN 70) is released from Haiti relief operations. Joint Strike Fighter There will be changes at the top of the Defense Department's F-35 Joint Strike Fighter Program. Navy Ships Leave Haiti The nuclear aircraft carrier USS Carl Vinson, cruiser USS Bunker Hill and survey ship USNS Henson left Haiti on Monday. ADM Mullen on Budget Billions of dollars for training Iraqi and Afghan troops as well as an emphasis on force protection are all included in the Defense Department's 2011 budget proposal. BMDR Released The ballistic missile defense review was released Monday and aligns US missile defense posture with near term regional missile threats. Gates on Budget The Pentagon's 2011 budget request builds on the reforms from last year's defense budget, resetting the department's priorities. NAVY - Operation United Response Carl Vinson Food Distribution DNU Flash - Sailors from USS Carl Vinson (CVN 70), Carrier Air Wing 17 and USS Bunker Hill (CG 52) distribute food in Haiti. USS Denver United Through Reading DNU Flash - USS Denver (LPD 9) Sailors connect with their kids via United Through Reading. USNS Comfort Lab Techs DNU Flash - Lab techs from USNS Comfort (T-AH 20) assist in Haiti. Project Hope at Guantanamo Bay DNU Flash - Project Hope volunteers stop at Naval Station Guantanamo Bay, Cuba en route to USNS Comfort (T-AH 20). Groundbreaking for Miramar National Cemetery DNU Flash - Service members and veterans gather for groundbreaking of Miramar National Cemetery. Headlines for February 1, 2010 DNU Flash - Headlines from around the fleet: Navy stands up Fleet Cyber Command and re-establishes 10th Fleet; USS Freedom (LCS 1) prepares for maiden deployment; Medical professionals deliver a baby in Haiti. MG Lanza Briefing A female suicide bomber killed 41 people in Iraq Monday when she detonated an explosive vest in a crowd of religious pilgrims. Taliban Reconciliation Reconciliation and reintegration of the Taliban into Afghan society will be key to peace in Afghanistan. Haiti Latest The 82nd Airborne is in Haiti helping with relief efforts. Training Afghans One of the main focuses for U.S. and NATO troops in Afghanistan in 2010 is the training of Afghan security forces. Winter Storm Response The National Guard in seven states has been activated to assist with winter storm support. Predator in Haiti The Air Force is using the remote-controlled Predator aircraft to support the military relief mission in Haiti. All Hands TV - LCS2 USS Independence Joins the Fle... All Hands TV - A Look at the Navy in Action in Hai... Navy And Air Force Combine Base Management In Hawa...	cc/2020-05/en_head_0067.json.gz/line298
__label__cc	0.681895	0.318105	Milligan has won national and international recognition for her clay and bronze sculptures. She received her art education in both the United States and Mexico. While in the U.S. she attended the University of California at Riverside, San Diego and Saddleback, Palomar, and Mira Costa colleges. In Mexico, she received advanced training at Bellas Artes and the Instituto Allende in San Miguel de Allende. She was also under the tutelage of reknowned Mexican artist, Victor Cuevas de la Mora. Milligan has shown her works extensively in both countries. In the United States her work has been shown in Los Angeles, Venice, Laguna Beach, La Costa, Del Mar, La Jolla, San Diego and in Nevada, Colorado and Pennsylvania. In Mexico, she has exhibited at the prestigious Bellas Artes, Instituto Allende, and The Museo Allende in San Miguel de Allende, Casa del Deizmo in Celeya, and the Institute of Cultural Affairs in Yautepec. When not sculpting, painting, or print making, she may be found in the company of her her two little doggies, Angel and Chila. Her other passions include cooking and gardening. Milligan refers to her three grown children as her finest works of art.	cc/2020-05/en_head_0067.json.gz/line302
__label__wiki	0.767543	0.767543	SPYGATE WAS AN ACT OF WAR AND IF ITS PERPETRATORS ARE NOT HELD ACCOUNTABLE, IT WILL HAPPEN AGAIN By ROBERT ROMANO Spygate was an act of war. Russia hacked the DNC and John Podesta and had the emails published on Wikileaks. That surely was viewed by the Obama administration as an act of war and it responded in kind. It was called a digital Pearl Harbor. However, their first response was not to sanction Russia. No, that would not come until Dec. 2016 — after the election. Before the election, the first response was to obtain surveillance against the Trump campaign and the GOP, first by targeting George Papadopoulos via foreign agency efforts beginning in mid-2016, and then the FISA warrant applications, assuming there weren’t more, on Carter Page beginning in Oct. 2016, fueled by the DNC-Steele dossier falsely accusing President Donald Trump, Page and Paul Manafort of being Russian agents, that was renewed after the election and then finally the fateful strike on Michael Flynn in Jan. 2017, spying on his phone call with the Russian ambassador, leaking it to the Washington Post on Jan. 12, 2017, sending the FBI to ask about it on Jan. 24, 2017 — all encompassing the bedrock of a three-year-long Justice Department investigation, undertaken under the mistaken belief that the nation had just elected the Manchurian Candidate. Now, Washington, D.C. and the American people patiently await the publication of Justice Department Inspector General Michael Horowitz’ report on abuses of the Foreign Intelligence Surveillance Act in 2016 and beyond, wherein the Trump campaign, the opposition party at the time, was unjustly surveilled by the Obama administration, the incumbent party, in an election year. The surveillance gave intelligence agencies unprecedented access to the operations of one of the major parties’ presidential campaigns. They had Page’s contacts, including telephone, email, text, documents and more, his contacts’ contacts, at least, throughout the campaign, Trump’s sphere and the Republican National Committee, certainly. The surveillance carried over into the Trump administration in 2017, and the investigation persisted until 2019, when Special Counsel Robert Mueller finally concluded it, finding in his report that, after all, there was no criminal conspiracy between President Donald Trump or his campaign and Russia to steal emails from the Democratic National Committee (DNC) and John Podesta and have them put on Wikileaks. The Mueller report stated, “[T]he investigation did not establish that members of the Trump Campaign conspired or coordinated with the Russian government in its election interference activities,” and “the evidence does not establish that the President was involved in an underlying crime related to Russian election interference.” So, if it was not true, then what made intelligence agencies and the Justice Department come to believe in what amounted to a hare-brained conspiracy theory that tore the country in half for three years? The fact that it was used politically and in a partisan context, and wrongly at that to identify fictitious threats to national security, does not ameliorate and only compounds concerns about how these powers were used and how they may be used again in the future. Intelligence and surveillance powers are war powers. They are designed to identify targets, usually military, for purposes of eliminating threats to national security in the event of war. Their use, therefore, is itself an act of war, including when it is used domestically. The American people are told that these powers are essential to defending national security. But used wrongly, as they were in spygate, they become themselves the greatest threat to national security and the Constitution. To create accountability when this sort of thing happens, there must be an accounting of how these powers were wrongly deployed in the first place, highlighting the need for oversight by Horowitz, but it must be followed up by action by Attorney General William Barr. Why did the Foreign Intelligence Surveillance Court repeatedly rubber stamp the warrant applications against the Trump campaign that found no conspiracy? Why did judges keep renewing it if it wasn’t true? What was the extent of the surveillance? Who did it net? Were they in the White House? It seems hard to believe they weren’t. Moreover, what laws (if any) were violated and who will be held accountable so the American people can have certainty that these powers are not abused again in the future? The worst possible outcome of the Horowitz report would be if it found that, yes, the FBI and Justice Department were given bad, concocted intelligence by political actors, including the DNC and Hillary Clinton campaign who hired former British spy Christopher Steele to produce the bogus allegations that President Trump was a Russian agent, used in the Foreign Intelligence Surveillance Court to violate their constitutional rights, but that doing so violated no laws. This dilemma, more than anything, will come to define Barr’s tenure in office as well as determine whether the national rift caused by the abuse of surveillance powers can ever be mended. This was a blow on democracy itself, an effort to overturn a decisive electoral outcome in 2016. A place the Justice Department and intelligence agencies have little role in interfering. What we did to ourselves pales in comparison to anything Russia was accused of. Tthe whole reason the Foreign Intelligence Surveillance Act of 1978 was adopted was prevent unconstitutional domestic spying. A select committee headed by Sen. Frank Church (D-Idaho) convened in 1975 to get to the bottom of revelations by Seymour Hersh’s explosive report to the New York Times on Dec. 22, 1974 that the CIA had been engaged a mass, domestic surveillance program against anti-war protestors, members of Congress and other political figures. On NBC’s Meet the Press on Aug. 17, 1975, Church who had led the committee warned, “If this government ever became a tyranny, if a dictator ever took charge in this country, the technological capacity that the intelligence community has given the government could enable it to impose total tyranny, and there would be no way to fight back because the most careful effort to combine together in resistance to the government, no matter how privately it was done, is within the reach of the government to know. Such is the capability of this technology…” Church added, “I don’t want to see this country ever go across the bridge. I know the capacity that is there to make tyranny total in America, and we must see to it that this agency and all agencies that possess this technology operate within the law and under proper supervision so that we never cross over that abyss. That is the abyss from which there is no return.” The committee led to the adoption of the law, which sought to reform how intelligence is gathered and the limited circumstances it can be used in the U.S. If 40 years later, the Justice Department concludes an internal review into the gravest abuses of this law ever seen, where surveillance was used to yield partisan political advantage and even to unseat a sitting president on made-up allegations of treason, that it violated no laws, it will discredit the very rule of law FISA sought to engender. The real dilemma Attorney General Barr faces is the reality that if the perpetrators of spygate are not held accountable now, and the mass surveillance powers reined in, this will happen again. This was one of the most terrible things that ever happened to our country. How do we put the genie back in the bottle? Robert Romano is the Vice President of Public Policy at Americans for Limited Government. You can read more of his articles at www.dailytorch.com.	cc/2020-05/en_head_0067.json.gz/line304
__label__wiki	0.994161	0.994161	Nov 30, 2016 08:51 AM EST By Christine Pamintuan ‘The Big Bang Theory’ Season 11 Renewal, Cancellation News: Why Jim Parsons Would Likely Exit The Show [VIDEO] It was confirmed that Jim Parsons from The Big Bang Theory will work on a new show. Will he be leaving The Big Bang Theory for good? Variety reported that Parsons will be one of the executive producers of a new show titled Lance 2.0. It is a single-camera comedy written by Alex McAulay. It is about a young couple who deals with the aftermath after the boyfriend changes his personality after an accident. McAulay who wrote the pilot for the episode will also be one of the executive producers of the show working with Parsons. This will be Parsons' latest project as a producer. However this will not be the first time The Big Bang Theory star will produce a show as he was also an executive producer for the ABC comedy titled Lakeside VA, The CW's The Terranauts and Freeform's The Monarchy Is Going to Sh*t. It was also said that he will be one of the executive producers for the upcoming The Big Bang Theory spin-off. This proves that even though he has been busy with producing shows, he still has the time to film The Big Bang Theory episodes. With that, it is impossible that he will leave the show even though he will be working on a new one. It was earlier reported that the stars are currently asking for a raise before they can sign another contract for The Big Bang Theory Season 11. It was reported that there is now ongoing negotiations for that matter. If Season 11 will happen, Movie Pilot has some several story plots fans would be seeing in the show. The site speculated that Parson's Sheldon and Amy, played by Mayim Bialik will take their relationship to a new level as Sheldon meets Amy's parents. Aside from that, it is possible that the show will also feature Howard (Simon Helberg) and Bernadette (Melissa Rauch) as they deal with the new addition to their family. Of course the other couples and characters of the show are expected to return. While waiting for official news, fans can still enjoy The Big Bang Theory Season 10 with its upcoming new episode. TAGSthe big bang theory The Big Bang Theory Cancellation The Big Bang Theory Season 11 The Big Bang Theory Season 11 News Jim Parsons ‘How To Get Away With Murder’ Season 3: Did Connor Kill Wes? Annalise Learns About Baby ‘Westworld’ Season 1 Finale Spoilers: Season Finale Teases Cliffhanger To Prepare For Season 2? [VIDEO] ‘Orange Is The New Black’ Season 5 News: Filming Already Began; Cancellation Rumors Untrue?[VIDEO]	cc/2020-05/en_head_0067.json.gz/line305
__label__wiki	0.71424	0.71424	#TeamGriz Athletic All-Americans Athletics Mission Statement General News Releases HCAC Website Overnight Visit Forms Prospective Student-Athlete Overnight Visit Forms Required NCAA/FC Paperwork Senior Athletic Award Winners SID Student-Athlete Questionnaire Sportsmanship Policy Support Franklin Athletics Behrens Field Grizzly Park Faught Stadium H. Dean Evans John P. McDowell Mickel-Hoover Spurlock Center Buy Franklin Gear GRIZtv PK Club 2016 Franklin College Women's Soccer News 2019-20 2018-19 2017-18 2016-17 2015-16 2014-15 2013-14 2012-13 2011-12 2010-11 2009-10 2008-09 2007-08 Cristin Allen Appointed Head Coach of Franklin College Women's Soccer Team FRANKLIN, Ind. (July 5, 2017) – Franklin College director of athletics Kerry Prather has announced the appointment of Cristin Allen as the school's women's soccer head coach. 30 Fall Sports Student Athletes Earn Tom Bohlsen Academic All-Conference Awards FRANKLIN, IND. (December 16, 2016)- 30 Fall sports student-athletes were named to the Tom Bohlsen Academic All-Conference team Fleet earns All-America honor Franklin, Ind. – Franklin College sophomore Maddie Fleet (Indianapolis, Ind./Perry Meridan) has been named a third team All-American by the National Soccer Coaches Association of America (NSCAA). Fleet, Lenart named to NSCAA NCAA All Great Lakes Region’s First Team Franklin, Ind.- Franklin College women's soccer players Maddie Fleet, Clare Lenart, and Audra Lane were named to the NSCAA NCAA All Great Lakes Region Teams Trio of Women's Soccer Players Named CoSIDA Academic All-Americans Franklin, Ind.- Clare Lenart, Audra, Lane, and Maddie Fleet were named 2nd team CoSIDA Academic All-Americans Griz Lose Hard-Fought Championship Match to Hanover Franklin, Ind. - The Franklin College women’s soccer team lost a hard-fought 1-0 match to Hanover College in the 2016 Heartland Collegiate Athletic Conference (HCAC) tournament championship match on Saturday afternoon at Faught Stadium. Griz Hosting Hanover in HCAC Tourney Title Match Franklin, Ind. - The third time may be the charm for the Franklin College women’s soccer team and its hopes of winning a Heartland Collegiate Athletic Conference (HCAC) tournament championship. Griz Advances to HCAC Title Match, Defeats RHIT 2-0 Franklin, Ind. - The Franklin College women’s soccer team recorded its 11th shutout of the season in advancing to the 2016 Heartland Collegiate Athletic Conference (HCAC) tournament championship match behind a 2-0 win against Rose-Hulman Institute of Technology on Tuesday from Faught Stadium. Women’s Soccer Hosting Rose-Hulman in HCAC Semifinal Franklin, Ind. - The top-seeded Franklin College women’s soccer team will host No. 4-seed Rose-Hulman Institute of Technology in the semifinal round of this year’s Heartland Collegiate Athletic Conference (HCAC) championship tournament on Tuesday, November 1 at 7:30 p.m. from Faught Stadium. Griz Win HCAC Regular Season Title, No. 1 Tournament Seed Franklin, Ind. - Two first-half goals propelled the Franklin College women’s soccer team to the 2016 Heartland Collegiate Athletic Conference (HCAC) regular-season title and No. 1 seed in next week’s postseason tournament with a 2-0 victory Saturday at Anderson University. Griz Head to Anderson for Regular-Season Finale Franklin, Ind. - The Franklin College women’s soccer team travels to Anderson University on Saturday, October 29 at 1 p.m. seeking its second consecutive Heartland Collegiate Athletic Conference (HCAC) regular-season championship. Women’s Soccer Players Named CoSIDA Academic All-District Franklin, Ind. - Success on the pitch and in the classroom have earned three Franklin College women’s soccer players spots on the Academic All-District team, selected by the College Sports Information Directors of America (CoSIDA). Second-Half Tally Lifts Women’s Soccer Against RHIT Franklin, Ind. - The Franklin College women’s soccer team remained in a first-place tie in the Heartland Collegiate Athletic Conference (HCAC) behind a 1-0 victory against Rose-Hulman Institute of Technology on Wednesday from Faught Stadium. Women’s Soccer Hosting Rose-Hulman on Wednesday Franklin, Ind. - The Franklin College women’s soccer team seeks to keep its winning ways going when it hosts Rose-Hulman Institute of Technology on Wednesday, October 26 at 7:30 p.m. from Faught Stadium. Fleet Nets Four Goals in Women’s Soccer Senior Night Win Franklin, Ind. - Franklin College sophomore Maddie Fleet scored four goals to propel the women’s soccer team to a 4-0 Heartland Collegiate Athletic Conference (HCAC) victory against Earlham College during Senior Night on Saturday from Faught Stadium. Griz Preparing for Saturday’s Senior Night Match Franklin, Ind. - The Franklin College women’s soccer team is seeking to continue its strong 2016 campaign and honor two senior student-athletes during Senior Night festivities against Earlham College on Saturday, October 22 at 6 p.m. from Faught Stadium. Juniors Lead Women’s Soccer Team On and Off Pitch Franklin, Ind. - The Franklin College women’s soccer team is on the verge of having its third straight record-breaking season. It’s not surprising that players in this year’s junior class have played key roles in the team’s recent success. Women’s Soccer Earns Road HCAC Triumph Against Transy Lexington, Ky. - Franklin College sophomore Maddie Fleet scored her 20th goal of the season to lead the women’s soccer team to a 1-0 victory at Transylvania University on Wednesday evening in Heartland Collegiate Athletic Conference (HCAC) action. Women’s Soccer Heads to Transylvania on Wednesday Franklin, Ind. - The Franklin College women’s soccer team seeks to get back in the win column when it travels to Transylvania University on Wednesday, October 19 at 7 p.m. from Lexington, Kentucky. Women’s Soccer Loses First HCAC Match Franklin, Ind. - Mount St. Joseph University scored in the 29th minute to record a 1-0 victory against Franklin College in Heartland Collegiate Athletic Conference (HCAC) women’s soccer action on Saturday from Faught Stadium. Women’s Soccer Preparing for MSJ in First-Place Battle Franklin, Ind. - First place in the Heartland Collegiate Athletic Conference (HCAC) will be on the line when the Franklin College women’s soccer team hosts Mount St. Joseph University on Saturday, October 15 at 5 p.m. from Faught Stadium. Soccer Teams Earn 2015-16 NSCAA Team Academic Awards Franklin, Ind. - The Franklin College men’s and women’s soccer teams have been recognized for their success in the classroom, being presented the College Team Academic Award for the 2015-16 academic year by the National Soccer Coaches Association of America. Offense Shines in Women’s Soccer Win at Manchester North Manchester, Ind. - Hat tricks by sophomore Maddie Fleet and freshman Taylor McDaniel propelled the Franklin College women’s soccer team to a 7-0 victory at Manchester University in Heartland Collegiate Athletic Conference (HCAC) play on Wednesday afternoon. Women’s Soccer Travels to Manchester on Wednesday Franklin, Ind. - The Franklin College women’s soccer team seeks its eighth consecutive match victory when it travels to Manchester University on Wednesday, October 12 at 4 p.m. from North Manchester, Indiana. Women’s Soccer Receiving Votes in NSCAA Top 25 Poll Franklin, Ind. - Ten wins in its first 12 matches has the Franklin College women’s soccer team receiving votes in a national Top 25 poll for the first time in program history. Maddie Fleet Captures Third HCAC Player of the Week Award Franklin, Ind. - Adding two goals and four assists to her NCAA Division III-leading point total has earned Franklin College sophomore Maddie Fleet the Heartland Collegiate Athletic Conference’s (HCAC) Women’s Soccer Player of the Week Award for the third time this fall. Women’s Soccer Earns Road Win against Bluffton Bluffton, Ohio - Six different players found the back of the net as the Franklin College women’s soccer team earned a 7-1 road Heartland Collegiate Athletic Conference (HCAC) victory against Bluffton University on Saturday. Women’s Soccer Takes Winning Ways to Bluffton Franklin, Ind. - The Franklin College women’s soccer team seeks to extend its six-match winning streak when it travels to Bluffton University on Saturday, October 8 at 1 p.m. Quick Striking Women’s Soccer Defeats Hanover Franklin, Ind. - The Franklin College women’s soccer team scored in the opening minute and added another tally midway through the first half to pick up a 2-0 victory against Hanover College on Wednesday in Heartland Collegiate Athletic Conference (HCAC) action from Faught Stadium. Women’s Soccer Preparing to Host Hanover in Key Match Franklin, Ind. - The Franklin College women’s soccer team puts its five-match winning streak on the line when it hosts Hanover College in a key Heartland Collegiate Athletic Conference (HCAC) matchup on Wednesday, October 5 at 7:30 p.m. from Faught Stadium. 101 Branigin Blvd. Franklin, Ind. 46131-2623 www.FranklinCollege.edu	cc/2020-05/en_head_0067.json.gz/line306
__label__cc	0.514236	0.485764	Rape victim leads law change initiative Unlike most rape victims in Mexico, 19-year-old Osiris N. decided not to remain silent. Osiris was raped four months ago in Guadalajara after she accepted a ride from a motorist she believed was an Uber driver. Fewer than 8,000 official denuncias of rape have been filed throughout the entire country so far this year – a much smaller proportion than in most western nations. In many cases, the investigations stall due to “lack of evidence,” or prosecutors refuse to follow through because they believe the women are fabricating their stories. Scarcely two percent of all rape victims in Mexico report the crimes to authorities, according to lawyer and women’s activist Patricia Olamendi, a member of the United Nations Commission on Human Rights and the author of several books on discriminatory laws in Mexico. Despite her young age, Osiris wouldn’t be deterred. Supported by various NGOs and women’s rights groups, Osiris this week turned up at the Jalisco State Congress building to present legislators with a proposal that will reinforce the punishments for rapists and sexual offenders. Known as the Ley Osisis, the proposal not only seeks to increase prison terms, but also change existing law so that the state can confiscate the property or belongings of persons found guilty of rape or other sexual crimes. (In Mexico this is referred to as the Ley de Extinción de Dominio.) The proposal is also seeking to create a database that includes the fingerprints and DNA of all drivers of cars for hire in Jalisco, including regular taxis and those who work for digital platforms. Prior to presenting the bill to Congress, Osiris joined several hundred others, mostly women, to march from the Glorieta Minerva to the Guadalajara city center last Sunday, drawing attention to the initiative and the issue of rape in Mexico. Supporters of the bill hope to extend its reach by subsequently presenting it to the federal Chamber of Deputies, with the expectation of it eventually becoming the law of the land. The issue of rape in Mexico was brought to the attention of the international news media in August when hundreds of protesters flooded the streets of Mexico City demanding justice for two teenage girls who were allegedly raped by police officers.	cc/2020-05/en_head_0067.json.gz/line315
__label__wiki	0.856897	0.856897	Victor Moses speaks on returning to Chelsea Victor Moses has ruled out the possibility of returning to Chelsea in the January transfer window. Moses moved to Fenerbahce on an 18-month loan deal, after falling out of favour under Maurizio Sarri. However, there have been speculations linking him with a return to Stamford Bridge, after Frank Lampard replaced Sarri. Despite playing for only four months for the Yellow Canaries, he ended the 2018/2019 season with four goals in 14 appearances in the Turkish Super Lig. Moses started this season in fine form, but has suffered a muscle injury, which has kept him out for two months. After returning to the pitch in October, he suffered a relapse and is out until next month. “Injuries affected me, but I will make a real contribution to the team in the league’s second half,” Moses said, according to quotes carried by Fotomac. Serena Williams, Osaka crashes out of Australian Open I’m Buying Arsenal Football Club In 2021, Says Africa’s Richest Man, Dangote Kanu loses ‘daughter’ to malaria	cc/2020-05/en_head_0067.json.gz/line320
__label__cc	0.658677	0.341323	Roy Family Genealogy Robert A. Roy, Site Owner Jody (Boudreau) Roy Delvee Web Site Claude Doucet 1714 - Bef 1763 (48 years) Generations: 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 Standard \| Vertical \| Compact \| Box \| Text \| Ahnentafel \| Fan Chart \| Media \| PDF 1. Claude Doucet was born on 13 Nov 1714 in Port-Royal, Acadia, Canada; was christened on 17 Nov 1714 in Port-Royal, Acadia, Canada (son of Claude Doucet dit Maître Jean and Marie Comeau); died before 1763. 2. Claude Doucet dit Maître Jean was born about 1674 in Port-Royal, Acadia, Canada (son of Germain Doucet and Marie Landry); died on 5 Dec 1754 in Port-Royal, Acadia, Canada; was buried on 6 Dec 1754 in Port-Royal, Acadia, Canada. Claude married Marie Comeau about 1696 in Acadia, Canada. Marie (daughter of Étienne Comeau and Marie-Anne Lefebvre) was born about 1676 in Acadia, Canada. [Group Sheet] 3. Marie Comeau was born about 1676 in Acadia, Canada (daughter of Étienne Comeau and Marie-Anne Lefebvre). Charles Doucet was born about 1697 in Port-Royal, Acadia, Canada. Marie Doucet was born about 1699 in Port-Royal, Acadia, Canada. Marguerite Doucet was born about 1700 in Port-Royal, Acadia, Canada; died on 31 Oct 1749 in Port-Royal, Acadia, Canada; was buried on 2 Nov 1749 in Port-Royal, Acadia, Canada. Anne Doucet was born on 26 Aug 1703 in Port-Royal, Acadia, Canada; was christened on 9 Sep 1703 in Port-Royal, Acadia, Canada; died in 1758 in at sea. Joseph Doucet was born on 12 Mar 1706 in Port-Royal, Acadia, Canada; was christened on 13 Mar 1706 in Port-Royal, Acadia, Canada. Louis Doucet was born on 22 Aug 1708 in Port-Royal, Acadia, Canada; was christened on 26 Aug 1708 in Port-Royal, Acadia, Canada; died on 26 Aug 1708 in Port-Royal, Acadia, Canada; was buried on 27 Aug 1708 in Port-Royal, Acadia, Canada. Pierre Doucet was born on 2 Nov 1709 in Port-Royal, Acadia, Canada; was christened on 3 Nov 1709 in Port-Royal, Acadia, Canada; died on 27 Dec 1775 in Québec City, Québec, Canada; was buried on 28 Dec 1775 in Québec City, Québec, Canada. Madeleine Doucet was born on 15 Mar 1712 in Port-Royal, Acadia, Canada; was christened on 4 Apr 1712 in Port-Royal, Acadia, Canada; died on 30 Jan 1776 in Québec City, Québec, Canada; was buried on 31 Jan 1776 in Québec City, Québec, Canada. 1. Claude Doucet was born on 13 Nov 1714 in Port-Royal, Acadia, Canada; was christened on 17 Nov 1714 in Port-Royal, Acadia, Canada; died before 1763. Cécile Doucet was born on 22 Oct 1719 in Port-Royal, Acadia, Canada; was christened on 24 Oct 1719 in Port-Royal, Acadia, Canada; was buried on 26 Oct 1765 in St-François, Guadeloupe. Ursule Doucet was born on 17 Jun 1722 in Port-Royal, Acadia, Canada; was christened on 19 Jul 1722 in Port-Royal, Acadia, Canada. 4. Germain Doucet was born about 1641 in Port-Royal, Acadia, Canada (son of Germain Doucet). Germain married Marie Landry about 1664 in Port-Royal, Acadia, Canada. Marie (daughter of René Landry, l'aîné and Perrine Bourg) was born about 1646 in Acadia, Canada. [Group Sheet] 5. Marie Landry was born about 1646 in Acadia, Canada (daughter of René Landry, l'aîné and Perrine Bourg). Charles Doucet was born about 1665 in Port-Royal, Acadia, Canada; died on 7 May 1739 in Port-Royal, Acadia, Canada; was buried on 8 May 1739 in Port-Royal, Acadia, Canada. Bernard Doucet dit Laverdure was born about 1667 in Port-Royal, Acadia, Canada; was buried on 4 Aug 1709 in Port-Royal, Acadia, Canada. Laurent Doucet was born about 1669 in Port-Royal, Acadia, Canada; died before 19 Jan 1728. Jacques Doucet dit Maillard was born about 1671 in Port-Royal, Acadia, Canada. 2. Claude Doucet dit Maître Jean was born about 1674 in Port-Royal, Acadia, Canada; died on 5 Dec 1754 in Port-Royal, Acadia, Canada; was buried on 6 Dec 1754 in Port-Royal, Acadia, Canada. Jeanne Doucet was born about 1680 in Port-Royal, Acadia, Canada; died before 07 Jan 1733 in Acadia, Canada. Alexis Doucet was born about 1682 in Port-Royal, Acadia, Canada. Pierre Doucet was born about 1685 in Port-Royal, Acadia, Canada. 6. Étienne Comeau (son of Pierre Comeau and Rose Bayon). Étienne married Marie-Anne Lefebvre on Yes, date unknown. [Group Sheet] 7. Marie-Anne Lefebvre Alexandre Comeau 3. Marie Comeau was born about 1676 in Acadia, Canada. 8. Germain Doucet was born about 1601 in Couperans-en-Brie, Île-de-France, France. daughter Doucet Pierre Doucet was born about 1621 in Acadia, Canada; died on 1 Jun 1713 in Port-Royal, Acadia, Canada; was buried on 2 Jun 1713 in Port-Royal, Acadia, Canada. Marguerite Doucet was born about 1625; died on 19 Dec 1707 in Port-Royal, Acadia, Canada; was buried on 20 Dec 1707 in Port-Royal, Acadia, Canada. 4. Germain Doucet was born about 1641 in Port-Royal, Acadia, Canada. 10. René Landry, l'aîné was born in 1618 in France; died on 1678 to 1686 in Acadia, Canada. René married Perrine Bourg about 1645 in Acadia, Canada. Perrine was born about 1626; died after 1693 in Acadia, Canada. [Group Sheet] 11. Perrine Bourg was born about 1626; died after 1693 in Acadia, Canada. 5. Marie Landry was born about 1646 in Acadia, Canada. Marie Landry was born about 1650 in Acadia, Canada; was buried on 26 Oct 1719 in Port-Royal, Acadia, Canada. Madeleine Landry was born about 1655 in Acadia, Canada; died on 17 Feb 1740 in Port-Royal, Acadia, Canada; was buried on 18 Feb 1740 in Port-Royal, Acadia, Canada. Pierre Landry was born about 1658 in Acadia, Canada. Claude Landry was born about 1663 in Acadia, Canada; died on 12 Dec 1740 in Port-Royal, Acadia, Canada; was buried on 13 Dec 1740 in Port-Royal, Acadia, Canada. 12. Pierre Comeau Pierre married Rose Bayon on Yes, date unknown. [Group Sheet] 13. Rose Bayon Jean Comeau l'aîne 6. Étienne Comeau Françoise Comeau was born about 1654 in Acadia, Canada; died before 1678 in Port-Royal, Acadia, Canada. Jeanne Comeau was born about 1662 in Acadia, Canada; died after 8 Oct 1725 in Acadia, Canada. Maintained by Rob Roy.	cc/2020-05/en_head_0067.json.gz/line321
__label__cc	0.684975	0.315025	Look at substances A–C in the photos above. They look very different from one another, but they have something important in common. All three are elements, or pure substances. The Modern Periodic Table A periodic table is still used today to organize the elements. You can see a simple version of the modern periodic table in the Figure below . The modern table is based on Mendeleev’s table, except the modern table arranges the elements by increasing atomic number instead of atomic mass. Atomic number is the number of protons in an atom, and this number is unique for each element. The modern table has more elements than Mendeleev’s table because many elements have been discovered since Mendeleev’s time. You can explore an interactive version of the modern periodic table at this URL: http://www.ptable.com/ . Reading the TableIn the table above, each element is represented by its chemical symbol, which consists of one or two letters. The first letter of the symbol is always written in upper case, and the second letter—if there is one—is always written in lower case. For example, the symbol for copper is Cu. It stands for cuprum , which is the Latin word for copper. The number above each symbol in the table is its unique atomic number. Notice how the atomic numbers increase from left to right and from top to bottom in the table. Q: Find the symbol for copper in the periodic table above. What is its atomic number? What does this number represent? A: The atomic number of copper is 29. This number represents the number of protons in each atom of copper. (Copper is the element that makes up the coil of wire in photo A of the opening sequence of photos.) Periods of the Modern Periodic Table Rows of the modern periodic table are called periods , as they are in Mendeleev’s table. From left to right across a period, each element has one more proton than the element before it. Some periods in the modern periodic table are longer than others. For example, period 1 contains only two elements: hydrogen (H) and helium (He). In contrast, periods 6 and 7 are so long that many of their elements are placed below the main part of the table. They are the elements starting with lanthanum (La) in period 6 and actinium (Ac) in period 7. Some elements in period 7 have not yet been named. They are represented by temporary three-letter symbols, such as Uub. The number of each period represents the number of energy levels that have electrons in them for atoms of each element in that period. Q: Find calcium (Ca) in the periodic table above. How many energy levels have electrons in them for atoms of calcium? A: Calcium is in period 4, so its atoms have electrons in them for the first four energy levels. Groups of the Modern Periodic TableColumns of the modern table are called groups , as they are in Mendeleev’s table. However, the modern table has many more groups—18 compared with just 8 in Mendeleev’s table. Elements in the same group have similar properties. For example, all elements in group 18 are colorless, odorless gases, such as neon (Ne). (Neon is the element inside the light in opening photo C.) In contrast, all elements in group 1 are very reactive solids. They react explosively with water. Classes of Elements All elements can be classified in one of three classes: metals, metalloids, or nonmetals. Elements in each class share certain basic properties. For example, elements in the metals class can conduct electricity, whereas elements in the nonmetals class generally cannot. Elements in the metalloids class fall in between the metals and nonmetals in their properties. An example of a metalloid is arsenic (As). (Arsenic is the element in opening photo B.) In the periodic table above, elements are color coded to show their class. As you move from left to right across each period of the table, the elements change from metals to metalloids to nonmetals. Q: To which class of elements does copper (Cu) belong: metal, metalloid, or nonmetal? Identify three other elements in this class. A: In the periodic table above, the cell for copper is colored yellow. This means that copper belongs to the metals class. Other elements in the metals class include iron (Fe), sodium (Na), and gold (Au). It is apparent from the table that the majority of elements are metals. PT Homework Extra PT Homework Ms. Crowder's Periodic Table	cc/2020-05/en_head_0067.json.gz/line322
__label__wiki	0.52833	0.52833	On the Term "Islamo-Fascism" \| Fr. James V. Schall, S.J. \| August 15, 2006 The war in which we are currently engaged confuses us, in part because many will not admit it is a war. We do not know what to call it. Nor do we know what to call the self-declared enemy who has been attacking us in one form or another for some twenty-five years, ever more visibly and dangerously since 9/11, 2001, with subsequent events in Afghanistan, Iraq, Spain, London, Bombay, Bali, Paris, Lebanon, and Israel. There are those who insist that it is not a "war" at all but perhaps, at best, a police issue -- no big problem. Others contend that it is a result of American or Western expansionism so that its cure is simply for us to return to our frontiers and be content with what we have. If we do this withdrawal, every threat will immediately cease at this point. In another view it is due to poverty and oppression, even though most of the perpetrators of the war are quite rich. Yet another interpretation is that this turmoil stems from a very small minority with no relation to national or religious origins, a kind of floating international brigade of bandits, like the Mafia, out for their own profit and glory. The variants on these themes are almost infinite. What names should we use that will accurately define and designate the cause? Calling things by their right names is the first requirement of reality; refusing to do so, the first cause of confusion, if not defeat. At first, we were told that the war is against something called "terrorism." Its perpetrators were logically called "terrorists." It was considered "hate-language" to call them anything else. However, we find listed on no map a place called "Terroritoria," where said "terrorists" otherwise dwell in peace plotting our demise. It has no capital, no military uniform for its mostly invisible troops, no rules of combat. In this designation, some difficult ensues when we try to identify or designate a group that just wants to "terrorize" others, as if that is an explanation. Some may like to travel or to fish for pleasure; they like "terror" for terror's sake, just a question of taste. Of course, this membership in a supposed organization called "Terror International" is not what the known "terrorists" claim for themselves. They look on this designation with contempt since it misses the whole nature of what they think that they are doing. But the term "terrorism" seems temporarily useful because it avoids the politics of naming more carefully just who these actual men (and women) are who carry out these, to us, seemingly senseless bombings. Are they so "senseless" after all? That is, do they have their own rationale and are we intellectually willing to face what it is? All along, as a chief tactic of the "terrorists," we have had "suicide bombers." "Suicide bombing" is, thus far, the main delivery system of the "terrorists." It is remarkably effective in creating immediate chaos. We have almost forgotten how used we have become to this utterly corrupt practice that undermines, and seeks to undermine, the very basis of any possible civilization opposed to it. Those who practice "suicide bombing" (it is a once in a lifetime occupation, to be sure) call themselves "martyrs." They are, when successful, treated as heroes by other "terrorists" and their admirers. Thus, the same action is called in one political zone "terrorism," while, in another, it is called "martyrdom." What do words mean? To perform this switch of meaning, of course, the "terrorists" had also to call the "victims" of "suicide bombers," not innocent objects of terrorism, as we call them, but guilty opponents of the cause for which "terrorism" really stands, its religious mission in the world. Even when people of one's own religion are killed, they are said, theologically, like the "suicide bombers" themselves, to have been done a favor in reaching heaven more quickly. So what language do we use to speak of this horrendous situation? We also hear used the word "Islamicist," or "Islamism." We hear "Jihadists," or holy warriors. We are struck with the fierceness with which the "terrorists" themselves reject being called "fascists" or, what they also are, "terrorists." They sense that the term, "Islamo-fascism," or any of its variants, undermines or disparages what, in their own minds, is the legitimacy or morality of their "cause." We have here an issue that forces us to consider the very roots of the "terrorists'" understanding of their own motivations. The fact that almost all the "terrorists," no matter their country of birth, have Muslim origins, moreover, brings us up against our own ecumenical or liberal theories, which do not allow us to "profile" or stigmatize or even accuse of bad motives those who do carry out the killings. The argument sometimes goes: All religions are "peaceful." Islam is a religion. Therefore, Islam is peaceful. This is not an historical syllogism that explains the actual record of the expansion of Islam from its beginning in Arabia till its reaching Tours in the eighth century and Vienna in the sixteenth. Nor does it explain the violence and law used within Muslim states to prevent any expression of faith or philosophy that does not conform to their own understanding of the Koran. This earlier expansion was almost exclusively by military conquest, often extremely brutal, against Christian, Persian, Hindu, or other lands. More recently, the term "Islamo-fascism" has been coined in an effort to describe the source and nature of "terrorism." I want to examine the appropriateness of this term, as I think it serves to get at the core of the problem. Is "Islamo-fascism" really accurate for what the reality is? Initially, the term obviously is not a product of Islamic thinkers thinking of themselves, though some more recent Muslim thinkers have studied the Marxists and the fascists. No Imam in Iran or Egypt, however, suddenly wakes up in the middle of the night and shouts, "That's it! I am an Islamo-fascist; why did I not think of that before?" No pious youth in Mecca reads the Collected Works of Benito Mussolini and muses to himself, "Yes, this is what Mohammed was about in the Koran." Rather the term comes from Western politicians and writers. They are desperately seeking a word or expression that they can use, one that avoids suggesting that the war in fact has religious roots, as the people who are doing the attacking claim it does. To say that war has "religious" roots violates a code, a constitutional principle. Wars are political not religious. Therefore, their explanation must be political, must arise from modern political science. Hobbes, "where are you when we need you?" Religion cannot be a serious motivation, especially over the centuries. We must look elsewhere. Only social "science" can explain this phenomenon. "Fascism," in this context, thus becomes a handy term. We thought that we were rid of that menace after World War II, of course. Compared to Marxism and Nazism, it was, in fact, the mildest of the ideologies of our recent time. Many of its features, originally designed for other situations, can appear to apply to what is going on in our "terrorist"-infected world. This happy analytic result, it is said, justifies us in joining "Islam" and "fascism" together in a way that apparently absolves most of Islam of anything to do with the problem or any responsibility for Muslims doing anything about it. At the same time, it demonstrates the usefulness of western political science in understanding modern movements. If science cannot understand something, it cannot be understood, goes the accepted wisdom. If for no other reason than the sake of clarity, let us think our way further through this murky issue of what to call what we are dealing with. We have to call it something because it is something. It will not "go away" peacefully any time soon. Aristotle indicated that the first issue in political things is to describe accurately the nature of a regime under scrutiny. What exactly is it? This seemingly simple explanatory effort can itself be quite dangerous, quite personally dangerous, as Muslims who question their own roots soon find out. Many powerful, even many weak, governments do not like to be called what they scientifically are. Moreover, a distinction can be found between what some political thing is and what we are allowed to call it because of our own philosophical or political positions. The political control of language, as George Orwell suggested, is itself an instrument of tyranny. Moreover, such a thing as political philosophy exists even apart from any actual regime and what it allows us to call it. We should by now be used to totalitarian regimes insisting on calling themselves "republics" or "democracies" and punishing anyone who refuses to accept a government's own definition of itself. Today, the accurate use of language, apparently something guaranteed in our amendments, is a minefield. We have something like "hate crimes" whose effect is in fact to prevent us from naming exactly what we are dealing with. Philosophy in these circumstances is driven underground. The phenomenon of philosophy being driven underground was, as Leo Strauss once remarked, a major issue within medieval Islamic philosophy. The Washington Times recently (August 12, 2006) published a useful and insightful editorial, "It's Fascism," that I will use to comment on this nomenclature. First, the editorial points out the gradual change in President Bush's designation of the enemy. He, with Mr. Blair, began using the word "terrorist," but more recently he has used the designation "fascist." "Is this a legitimate use?" the editorial asks. Fascism, it continues, is a "political philosophy" that exalts a group or nation over the individual. It could also imply a religion. Fascism promoted central rule, subordinated individuals to "political leadership." The term thus can legitimately be used to designate those responsible for the recent "terrorist" understandings of themselves. The editorial identifies groups like "al Qaeda, Hezbollah, Hamas" and other organizations as "fascist," that is, they operate in effect on these principles. "Non-Muslims" are regarded as "a lesser breed of expendable or contemptible dhimmis and infidels." Social and economic restrictions are placed on every group that does not conform to the ruling power. The editorial says, "this is not mainstream Islam.... It is a corruption of the faith." Evidently, The Washington Times was among the first to use the designation "Islamofascism." It was related to a German-born Muslim scholar, Kalid Duran, in an interview about his book, An Introduction to Islam for Jews, in The Washington Times. In spite of Muslim organization protests, the editorial maintained that its use of the term was simply an accurate description of what, with proper distinctions, these people did. "Islamofascism speaks for itself. It is a real phenomenon." It is not illegal, immoral, or even impolite to call it what, judging from its actions, it is. The question I ask, in the light of this case for the use of the term "Islamofascism," is this: does this term clarify or obscure the issue? Let me propose a thought process. Recently, a friend told me of reading a report from London about how one of the "terrorists" designated to blow up a transatlantic flight was to be accompanied by his wife and child. The explosive was to be in the baby's bottle. The man was willing to blow up himself, his wife, and his young child in the cause for which these ten or so planes were to be destroyed by similar methods. Now this proposal, in itself, strikes us as simply horrendous, insane, mad. Moreover, let us suppose that the plot was not detected and was successful. Within the course of several hours, analogous to the relative success of 9/11, ten planes with a total of, say, two or three thousand passengers flying from London to New York had been destroyed. What would the reaction of this news been in Tehran or Cairo or other Muslim capitals? I would like to be wrong on this, but judging from previous instances, I greatly fear that, in too many cases, there would have been cheering, not horror. This heinous act would have been interpreted -- not by all but by many -- as a stunning success and a blow at the great Satan. We would probably have heard from the President of Iran or Osama ben Laden himself or someone of that level that more was in store, that the final day of reckoning is nearer. What do these speculations have to do with the term "Islamofascism?" When 9/11 first happened, I recall commenting on this very issue, this time in the case of the young men who plotted, planned, and carried out the destruction of the World Trade Center. What, in their own minds, did they think they were doing? Did they think they were executing an "Islamofascist" plot? Hardly. Did they think they were in it for money? Surely not. They were in it for the glory that comes from what they saw to be the "brave" act of destroying the symbol of the great emery, his communication center. This act would go down in sacred history as the first step. Other successes would surely follow. What was in it for them? Exactly what their religion said was in it. They were doing the work of Allah. The world could not know peace until it was subjugated to his rule as laid down in the holy book. The advance had been stymied for hundreds of years, set back, but now a new, glorious opportunity arose. Young men, willing to die, flocked to the cause. There is a sense of purpose, the reestablishment of the Caliphate, the subjugation and elimination of the enemies, the Christians, the Jews, the Hindus, the Chinese. Not all would be eliminated, of course. It is a religion of peace. All would be "converted," except perhaps for a few insignificant ones. This is why Islam is in the world. But, one might protest, are there no rules about means? And Islam is said to want to achieve these world goals "peacefully." My only point in following this question of the use of the word "Islamofascism" is that it does not describe what these men think they are doing. Nor does it help that some thus far ineffective Muslim apologists do not think that the term describes what the religion means. It is what these men think and evidently practice. What has to take place, in response, is some more adequate confrontation with the incoherence of this claim to world-subjection to Allah as an inner-worldly political mission powered by a quasi-mystical devotion to its cause. In this sense, in the minds of the ones carrying out the attacks, it is religious, not ideological, in origin. A somewhat bewildered American President and British Prime Minister have understood, whereas many politicians have not, that there is a real war and a real enemy. They have been prudent in their use of language, catering to differing usages both in western democracies and in the Muslim world. Their general approach has been to seek to isolate the "terrorists" from the rest of the Muslim world. This world itself has been caught up for centuries in a stagnant and almost totally controlled system usually under the power of a military that has served to sit on top of those religious radicals who would tear up the world. What the President thus has sought to do is finally to allow and encourage what he considers to be the great majority of Muslim citizens to be able to participate in a culture that is not dominated by such motives that burst forth frequently from within Islam to employ terror. Just as The Washington Times proposes "Islamofascism" to describe what these missionary groups do to further their cause, so the President proposes "democracy" as the alternative way of life that would both mitigate the fanaticism and allow the majority to escape into their own self-ruling states. One drawback of this solution is often the internal moral condition of the democracies themselves. The "terrorists" never tire of pointing to this inner corruption that often manifests itself within our own souls. So there is a kind of war on two fronts that comes forth from thinking about "Islamofascism" -- that envisioned by the "terrorists" themselves and that of the alternative they see in us which justifies, in their own minds, their violent ways. Words, I am sure, have to be themselves used "wisely." It is not always easy to describe or hear what we actually are. The root causes of "suicide bombers" and the attacks of the "terrorists" are not primarily in western political philosophy. The "suicide bombers," while they sometimes learn to use sophisticated weapons, have shown the folly of much discussion about nuclear weapons -- the weapons are not the problem, but who has them. Moreover, as 9/11 showed, modern civilization is so complex than even the simplest acts like flying a plane into a building are as lethal as anything we can conceive. No one doubts, however, that these "terrorists" would use more sophisticated means if they could manage it. In the meantime, one or two potential terrorists have made everyone of us take our shoes off or empty our bottles before we fly anywhere in the world. The cost of their even trying unsuccessfully to blow us up is itself astronomical. The first question remains, not "How do we protect themselves from their threats?" We must ask that, of course. But the first question has to be, "Why in the first place do they still want to threaten and, yes, conquer us?" I suspect we cannot answer this latter question primarily for reasons within our own political philosophy. Comments? Thoughts? Questions? Share them on the Insight Scoop blog! Related IgnatiusInsight.com Links/Articles: • Spartans, Traitors, and Terrorists \| Dr. Jose Yulo • Plato's Ring in the Sudan: How Freedom Begets Isolation of the Soul \| Dr. Jose Yulo • Martyrs and Suicide Bombers \| Fr. James V. Schall, S.J. • The One War, The Real War \| Fr. James V. Schall, S.J. • Wars Without Violence? \| Fr. James V. Schall, S.J. • The Echo of Melos: How Ancient Honor Unmasks Islamic Terror \| Dr. Jose Yulo He is the author of numerous books on social issues, spirituality, culture, and literature including Another Sort of Learning, Idylls and Rambles, On the Unseriousness of Human Affairs: Teaching, Writing, Playing, Believing, Lecturing, Philosophizing, Singing, Dancing, and A Student's Guide to Liberal Learning. Read more of his essays on his website and on his IgnatiusInsight.com Author Page.	cc/2020-05/en_head_0067.json.gz/line326
__label__wiki	0.64534	0.64534	M;;;; AMISTAD After the Dance: My Life with Marvin Gaye by Janis Gaye (May 5, hardcover, $25.99, ISBN 978-0-06-213551-3). In this memoir of drugs, sex, and old-school R&B, Janice Hunter shares her perspective as the wife of legendary soul singer Marvin Gaye. Silent since Gaye’s death in 1984, she opens up about the distractions and burdens of fame, the chaos of dysfunctional families, and the irresistible temptations of drugs that overshadowed the love they shared. Keep Your Head to the Sky: My Life with Earth, Wind & Fire by Maurice White and Herb Powell, foreword by Steve Harvey, afterword by David Foster (June 2, hardcover, $26.99, ISBN 978-0-06- 232915-8). The Grammy-winning founder of the legendary pop/R&B/soul/funk/disco group tells his story and charts the rise of his legendary band in this memoir that captures the heart and soul of an artist whose groundbreaking sound continues to influence music today. Now in his 70s, White reflects on the great blessings music has brought to his life and the struggles he’s endured. ATRIA/37 INK I Am Charlie Wilson by Charlie Wilson (June 30, e-book, $13.99, ISBN 978-1-4767-9009-1). The long-awaited memoir of seven-time Grammy-nominated Charlie Wilson shares a story of how love and faith carried him through not only addiction but also prostate cancer. The R&B and funk singer-songwriter-producer also recollects collaborating with fellow artists such as Stevie Wonder, the Rolling Stones, and Snoop Dog. Another Little Piece of My Heart: My Life of Rock and Revolution in the ’60s by Richard Goldstein (Apr. 14, hardcover, $26, ISBN 978-1-62040-887-2). As the first rock critic for the Village Voice in 1966, Goldstein offers a star-studded account of the rise and fall of 1960s counterculture. CARLTON (;;;;. ;; S;;;;;;;) Led Zeppelin: Experience the Biggest Band of the ’70s by Chris Welch (May 5, hardcover, $19.95, ISBN 978-1-78097- 648-8). A music journalist who witnessed many of Led Zeppelin’s most legendary performances recounts the history of the band as they played their way to musical glory. Featuring images from contemporary photographers, the book captures an era when the group conquered the world with their heavy riffs and pioneering songs. CHICAGO REVIEW Bowie on Bowie: Interviews and Encounters with David Bowie, edited by Sean Egan (May 1, hardcover, $27.95, ISBN 978-1-56976-977-5). Some of the best interviews Bowie has granted in his near five-decade career, each one traces a new step in his unique journey, successively freezing him in time in all of his various incarnations, from a young novelty hit- maker and Ziggy Stardust to plastic soul player, 1980s sellout, and the artistically reborn elder statesman of challenging pop- ular music. In the All-Night Café: A Memoir of Belle and Sebastian’s Formative Year by Stuart David (Apr. 16, paper, $15.95, ISBN 978-1-61373-078-2). Founding member David shares a charming and evocative memoir of Belle and Sebastian’s first year, in 1996, an as-yet-undocumented period of the band’s history. David’s eminently readable and understated style tells of the adventures recording the band’s popular and highly praised debut album, Tigermilk. Whiskey Bottles and Brand-New Cars: The Fast Life and Sudden Death of Lynyrd Skynyrd by Mark Ribowsky (Apr. 1, hardcover, $27.95, ISBN 978-1- 56976-146-5). This intimate story tells how a band of lost souls and self-destruc-tive misfits with uncertain artistic objectives clawed their way to the top of the rock and roll world, while creating not only a ; After the Dance: My Life with Marvin Gaye Janis Gaye. Amistad, May 5 ; Another Little Piece of My Heart: My Life of Rock and Revolution in the ‘60s Richard Goldstein. Bloomsbury, Apr. 14 ; Billie Holiday: A Musical Biography John Szwed. Viking, Mar. 31 ; Dreams to Remember: The Legacy of Otis Redding Mark Ribowsky. Norton/Liveright, May 25 ; Girl in a Band: A Memoir Kim Gordon. Morrow/Dey St., Feb. 24 ; How to Be a Man Duff McKagan, with Chris Kornelis. Da Capo, May 12 ; It’s a Long Story: My Life Willie Nelson, with David Ritz. Little, Brown, May 5 ; John Prine: In Spite of Himself Eddie Huffman. Univ. of Texas, Mar. 15 ; L.A. Confidential L.A. Reid. Harper, Mar. 3 ; 1965: The Most Revolutionary Year in Music Andrew Grant Jackson. St. Martin’s/Dunne, Feb. 3 PW’S TOP 10: MUSIC	cc/2020-05/en_head_0067.json.gz/line329
__label__wiki	0.785442	0.785442	Dodgers Notes from Spring Training: Full-Squad Workout #2 Throughout Spring Training the Dodgers PR department sends out helpful daily notes from Camelback Ranch, and I am happy to pass them along. See what they've written below. (Pic via twitter @Dodgers) THE LEFTY: Today marked the club’s second full-squad workout, with left-handers Chris Capuano, Ted Lilly and Paco Rodriguez throwing bullpens at Camelback Ranch – Glendale. Another southpaw arrived to the Dodgers’ facility today as Hall of Famer and Dodger legend Sandy Koufax worked with pitchers, signed autographs for fans and talked to the media. Koufax made his first appearance at Spring Training in 2013 after being named Special Advisor to Dodger Chairman Mark Walter, telling the media that he’ll be at Dodger camp for 10-11 days. Welcome back, Sandy! During Koufax’s 12-year tenure with the Dodgers, the only Major League uniform he ever donned, the left-hander put together one of the best careers in baseball history, amassing a 165-85 record with a 2.76 ERA in 397 games (314 GS) and tossing four no-hitters, including a perfect game. Koufax baffled hitters in his era, posting three seasons with a sub-2.00 ERA, three seasons with 20 or more complete games and three seasons with 300+ innings pitched. Among several awards in his career, he was the MVP and Cy Young Award winner in 1963 and also won Cy Young awards in 1965 and ’66. He was a member of Dodgers’ world championship teams in 1955, ’59, ’63 and ’65, earning MVP honors in 1963 and ’65, when he pitched two shutouts. His postseason record was 4-3 with a 0.95 ERA. He was selected to seven consecutive All-Star games from 1961-66. Koufax retired after the 1966 season at the age of 30, the same season the southpaw tossed 27 complete games (five shutouts) and posted a 1.73 ERA over 41 starts, striking out 317 that season. Koufax told the media today that he plans on attending Old Timers Day at Dodger Stadium on June 6 vs. Atlanta at 7:10 pm, which will be a celebration of the 1963 World Series Champion Dodgers. During the 1963 World Series, Koufax went 2-0 with a 1.50 ERA (3 ER/18.0 IP), fanning 23 while walking only three. BACK IN THE SWING: Dodger outfielder Carl Crawford took batting practice today for the first time since undergoing Tommy John surgery on his left elbow on Aug. 23, 2012 by Dr. James Andrews. In 139 career games against National League opponents, Crawford is hitting .306 with 16 homers, 51 stolen bases and a .353 on-base percentage. (Carl Crawford, pic via twitter @Dodgers) FOR THE CAUSE: Tomorrow, Dodger players and coaches will sign more than 400 jerseys, 32 bats, 120 dozen baseballs and hundreds of photos, which will be donated to various charities throughout the Los Angeles community. CHEEEEESE: Today, the Dodgers held the club’s annual Photo Day, flashing the pearly whites for photographers from the Associated Press, Baseball Digest, Baseball Magazine Sha, ESPN the Magazine, Getty Images, KCAL, MLB Photos, MLB.com, Topps, and USA Today. Among players being photographed in Dodger blue for the first time were Carl Crawford, Zack Greinke, J.P. Howell, Hyun-Jin Ryu and Skip Schumaker. Check out a bunch of pics at Zimbio. COULD BE LEGENDARY: Dodger alumni Ron Cey, Tim Leary, Fernando Valenzuela, Maury Wills and Steve Yeager will help celebrate a new season of Cactus League play next weekend at Camelback Ranch - Glendale’s inaugural Legends Weekend on Saturday and Sunday, Feb. 23-24. Former greats from both the Dodgers and White Sox franchises will be on hand to sign autographs and greet fans from 11:30 am-12:30 pm before being introduced in pregame ceremonies for the club’s first Cactus League game at Camelback Ranch – Glendale against the White Sox at 1:05 pm on Saturday, Feb. 23. (pic link: Camelback Ranch) By ernest at Sunday, February 17, 2013 0 comments Links Labels: Carl Crawford, Chris Capuano, Lilly, Paco Rodriguez, Sandy Koufax, Spring Training Sunday Dodger Videos: Progress at Dodger Stadium ABC 7 talks Dodgers. With all the changes the Dodgers made, fans are expecting a title run, and so is ownership. See what Ethier, Mattingly, Adrian Gonzalez and Kershaw have to say. Stadium Bound shares another look at the progress at Dodger Stadium, as of yesterday. They are now working on the new video screens and have laid most of the concrete for the field level seats. Here's a Spring Training preview of the Dodgers from MLB.com. This is really weird. A Youtuber visits the site of the crash that paralysed Roy Campanella. Links Labels: Adrian Gonzalez, Andre Ethier, Clayton Kershaw, Dodger Stadium, Don Mattingly, Roy Campanella, Videos Dodgers Notes from Spring Training: Full-Squad Wor...	cc/2020-05/en_head_0067.json.gz/line331
__label__wiki	0.721596	0.721596	Review of "Solving the Exodus Mystery" In Response To: More "New Chronologies" () Review of Ted T. Stewart’s “Solving the Exodus Mystery” by Charles Pope Stewart observes that the founder of the Egyptian 12th Dynasty, Amenemhet, had formerly been a Vizier (the position held by Biblical Joseph). In additiona he correctly identifies many other Joseph figures in the 12th Dynasty: 1) Amenemhet, Vizier under Montuhotep IV of the 11th Dynasty. 2) Khnumhotep, Governor/Nomarch of Beni-Hasan. 3) Amuny, Vizier of the Pyramid City (at el Lisht). 4) Ameni son of Khnumhotep (and successor of Khnumhotep in Year 18 of pharaoh Senusret "son" of Amenemhet (pp 161-2). 5) Montuhotep, Vizier beginning about Year 18 of Senusret (pp 94-99). 6) Inyotef-okre (pp 76, 102), Vizier and Governor of the Pyramid City (at el Lisht). 7) Intefyoker of Thinis (p 144-5). 8) Intef son of Sent (pp 162-3). 9) Ankhu son of Seni priest of Heliopolis (pp 177-8). 10) Hepzefi nomarch and 1st Prophet in Asyut/Siut of Middle Egypt (pp 109-111, 142-4). Note: Sarenput can be added to this list, another official with a Joseph type name, as well as I-em-hotep (Imhotep) High Priest of Re (at Heliopolis) in the reign of Senusret. Note: Stewart mentions the name of Amenemhet’s known Vizier Khenty-Bau (pp 78-79), which appears to be a hybrid Egyptian-Mesopotamian name. Stewart notes that Khenty-Bau had no tomb at el-Lisht, but that a “Chancellor” with a more typical Egyptian name Rehu-er-djer-sen did. The Chancellor was not necessarily an inferior official to the Vizier as Stewart states. It was a title also referred to as the “Seal Bearer” and often held by the heir apparent or regent. The name Rehu-er-djer-sen is suggestive of the Hebrew Zebulun, “the man of safety (Egyptian djer)”. Rehu-er-djer-sen was evidently a more formal name for Prince Wegaf, the Crown Prince prior to his death. On the other hand, Khenty-Bau is likely one and the same as Khnumhotep of Beni-Hasan who was depicted in his tomb as standing in the place of pharaoh before the people. Note: The Egyptian 18th Dynasty Joseph (Yuya) also had a home and priesthood in Akhmin of Middle Egypt. The ministry of governor Khnumhotep (father of Ameni) ends as Vizier Montuhotep's begins, but Stewart doesn't make the connection between Vizier Montuhotep and Ameni son of Khnumhotep. Stewart also does not entertain the idea that Joseph, although he traveled "throughout the land of Egypt", could have been known by a number of regional Egyptian names. Many of the above listed names can be reasonably associated with a single high official/Vizier, viz., Ameni/Amuny/Mentuhotep/Hepzepi/Inyotefokre/Intefyoker/Intef/Ankhu. Note: The Egyptian names Amen (as in Amenemhet) and Yo (as in the name Inyotef) are prototypical forms of YHWH/Jehovah, the “God of Joseph”. Stewart does not have any fundamental problem with the Biblical narrative's depiction of Joseph receiving an Egyptian name. Nor does he have any qualms over Joseph accepting as wife (and even courting as he speculates) an Egyptian priestess, as well as dutifully building a temple to the sun god fully equipped with one or more "standing stones" (obelisks)! Instead, Stewart eliminates all of the above Egyptian magnates of the period as being candidates for Biblical Patriarch Joseph on one or more account: 1) They have parents with Egyptian names (although Joseph did also). 2) They claim to have inherited offices (particularly priesthoods). 3) They have character flaws, such as pride. 4) They are connected with Egyptian (pagan) cults Steward swallows whole the Biblical propaganda of Joseph rising from the ranks of Hebrew commoners to become "second to pharaoh". He likewise fails to recognize the propaganda in the matching Egyptian inscription that describes Vizier Montuhotep as being selected by pharaoh from among millions. The list of eligible candidates for such a position would have been exceedingly short and restricted to members of the extended royal family. However, it was good for business to lend an impression to the people that the chief minister was an "Ordinary Joe". Note: An example of Stewart’s flawed method of “selective discovery” is his rejection of Imhotep as a potential “Joseph” in the Egyptian Old Kingdom. Stewart dismisses the Ptolemaic inscription of a seven-year flood in the time Djoser and Imhotep as a forgery (not to mention Imhotep’s fabled life span of 110 years). There was in fact an obvious Old Kingdom analogue of Jacob as well, namely Khufu. Steward also notes that the High Priest of On/Heliopolis in the reign of Senusret was called I-em-hotep, but does not even realize that this name is essentially the same as the earlier Imhotep. Stewart espies the similarity between the Joseph temptation story of Genesis and the Egyptian “Tale of Two Brothers”. However, he doesn’t put two and two together and realize that the “Egyptian” Potiphar was the “Hebrew” Joseph’s brother and that the woman trying to seduce him was his own brother’s wife! Stewart further recognizes that Senusret claimed to have been divinely appointed as "shepherd" over the entire world and its people. He fails to perceive that Senusret was consequently the only Jacob-figure of historical significance during that time period. What's more, it was the cunning of his "son" Khunmhotep (in the role of "Joseph") that allowed Senusret (as the "Jacob") to "go down" to the Egyptian Delta and firmly establish his power there. The "Letter of Amenemhet" supposedly written by pharaoh Amenemhet to his "son" Senusret is one of the most blatant works of propaganda we have from the ancient world, and yet Stewart accepts it as genuine. The letter authorizes (and even urges) Senusret to take drastic (and ruthless) measures in order to secure the throne (that he was usurping). It posthumously has Amenemhet declare Senusret the rightful heir, and claims that Amenemhet had been negligent in not appointing him earlier (prior to his death). And if Amenemhet were still alive would he really have needed to put all of this in a letter? The fears of Sinuhe and his flight to Canaan were well justified. Senusret could not at all be trusted. The mention of only the white crown of Egypt in the "Letter of Amenemhet" and not also the red crown is also suspicious. It suggests that Senusret was already the recognized as the de facto king of Lower Egypt upon Amenemhet's death. He only needed to rationalize his take-over of Upper Egypt (symbolized by the white crown). The typecasting of Senusret was one of the lying, conniving "Jacob the Grabber". He had in fact done more than simply steal the birthright from a rival "brother" (Prince Wegaf/Zebulun), he had assassinated him. He probably also manipulated Amenemhet into recognizing him as heir to at least the red crown. And although he may not have been complicit in the assassination of Amenemhet, Senusret was the one that gained by it. In the Book of Genesis he is called Kenan, a name that connotes profiteering and murder (after the earlier figure of Cain). Note: The author of Genesis needed to find a prince with similar characteristics as Amenemhet (Enosh) to reckon as founder of the Egyptian New Kingdom. He did so in the 17th Dynasty pharaoh Sekhemre-sementawy Djehuty (Abraham). Like Enosh, Abraham is depicted as a lone lamb in the company of power-hungry wolves. www.domainofman.com/book/chap-13.html www.nicholasreeves.com/item.aspx?category=Collections&id=54 In terms of Egyptian tradition/mythology, Amenemhet was a neo-Ptah. Upon becoming pharaoh and founder of a new dynasty assumed the Horus name "Repeater of Births", i.e., renewing the divine dynasty of the gods and in the same general pattern. As the nominal son and successor of Amenemhet, Senusret became the next "Ra son of Ptah". However, due to his murderous ways, he also became something of an An (Anu/Cain) son of Atum (Adam). Steward notes that Senusret even fancied himself as the resplendent "son of Atum". Upon becoming pharaoh it was the prerogative of Senusret to select or confirm the leading minister (in the role of "Joseph son of Jacob"). This was initially Khnumhotep and later Ameni/Montuhotep. Ameni was in turn succeeded by his "son" Khnumhotep II. The final great minister of the 12th Dynasty was the deified Vizier Inyotef IV (Ameny-Inyotef), who may have been one and the same as Khnumhotep II, if not his son/successor in the office. The 110 years attributed to Joseph in the Bible is a symbolic number. It does however closely match the span of Joseph figures who managed 12th Dynasty Egypt (starting with Khnumhotep in the reign of Amenemhet and ending with the death of Inyotef IV shortly before the Exodus). The entire 12th Dynasty lasted scarcely more than 110 years. (Stewart takes the Biblical life times of Joseph and Moses literally and arrives at a length of 246 years for the 12th Dynasty. The bloated “standard chronology” length is only 209 years!) It could be said that the 12th Dynasty was a "Joseph Dynasty". Egypt itself was the land of the younger son who eventually gained the birthright over the elder. In the beginning, Egypt was subordinate to Mesopotamia. In Mesopotamia, the god Ea/Enki son of Anu served his older brother Enlil. In Egypt, this relationship is mirrored by Khnum/Ptah's and his line (through Ra) being subordinate to Shu and his line (through Geb, Osiris, and Thoth). However, after the Flood the junior line supplanted the senior one. This made for an example to be followed throughout the Pharaonic Age. Besides naming/confirming the Vizier or "Joseph", Senusret had other sons that were being groomed to succeed him as pharaoh. The elder was Sekhemkare, who was typecast as a new Osiris (a.k.a. Sekhem) in the ongoing scenario involving "repetition of births". The younger was Amenemhet II, who was to be the next Horus the Elder. Sekhemkare and Amenemhet II were both killed and Senusret had little choice but to acknowledge their killer as his successor. What Senusret had done to others was in turn done unto him. He had been usurped by another usurper, who was also typecast as a "Jacob the Grabber". Furthermore, he even had the name of Senusret (II). Note: The list of 13th Dynasty pharaohs were junior (subordinate) princes that ruled in parallel with the main 12th Dynasty list. This is not understood by Egyptologists, although at least one other alternative researcher now agrees. http://www.worldagesarchive.com/Book/Chap_8.pdf Note: Stewart correctly identifies the slain Biblical Ezer and Elead sons of Ephraim (from the Book of 1 Chronicles) as Middle Kingdom figures, however he does not perceive their lofty place in the Egyptian heirarchy, or that of their successor, Beriah, “trouble”. The epithets of Manasseh and Ephraim for pharoahs Amenemhet and Senusret indicate that they were probably brothers rather than literal father and son, and that both had been sired by an 11th Dynasty “second to pharaoh” figure (namely Senusret A/Didanu/”Dan”, a tribal name for Adam). As there was a succession of three major Joseph figures in the 12th Dynasty, so there was a succession of three major Jacob figures. The first Jacob (Senusret I) represented the god Re in his apotheosis, that is, his going down to Egypt and becoming the greatest. The second Jacob (Senusret II) represented the god Re in his falling, that is, in his culpability over the murder of Osiris. The third Jacob (Au-ibre Hor) of the 12th Dynasty was originally typecast as a Horus the Younger figure (Benjamin/Ham). However, after he blinded a rival prince named Khendjer, he was forced to assume the (as yet unfulfilled) role of the god Re in exile and exodus. This third element of the Jacob cycle is better known as "Moses". From the Middle Kingdom forward the Jacob and Moses roles became separate, although they were originally associated with a single god, Ra. Note: At the end of the Old Kingdom, Sargon was a Benjamin/Ham type that became a "Moses". However, Sargon was something of an inverted Jacob figure. He was exiled from Mesopotamia to Egypt (rather than the other way around). He later returned to Mesopotamia not to lead an Exodus, but to regain power as Great King (by deposing and killing Lugal-zaggesi). The later pharaoh Tao/Apophis of the early Egyptian New Kingdom was another example of this inverted Jacob type. With the Benjamin typecasting (Horus the Younger son of Horus the Elder and heir of Osiris) vacated by Auibre Hor, two other princes claimed that coveted role. It was Senusret III son of Amenemhet II that emerged as the dominant military leader. He became the beloved champion and unifier of the world by defeating the 3rd Dynasty of Ur in Mesopotamia. Senusret III was the undisputed Great King and Egypt remained the primary royal court. As the annual Nile flood levels continued to rise, the other prince with Ham-like aspirations, Amenemhet III, assumed the throne name of Ny-maatre and the role of a new Ny-netjer (Noah). Stewart notes that the amount of “cursing” (a voodoo-like form of sympathetic magic related to the calling of Balaam to curse the Israelites) doubled in the reign of Amenemhet III. Cursing was a specific typecasting element of Biblical Noah/Mesopotamian Adapa, who cursed the tempest and later cursed over having his "nakedness" exposed. Note: In the Egyptian New Kingdom, these Middle Kingdom roles of Senusret III and Amenemhet III were taken up by the warrior king Thutmose III (as Horus the Younger) and by the great builder king Neb-maatre Amenhotep III (as Nynetjer). Note: Stewart is willing to embrace the pagan Old Kingdom pharaoh Unas as a true prophet for writing (in his Pyramid Texts) about the death of the firstborn and a catastrophic flood (pp 263-5). However, Unas was speaking about a flood that had already occurred, and was only being prophetic in the sense that the ancients believed that what had happened in the past was destined to happen again. Note: The “prophesy” regarding the “coming of Ameny” (and application to pharaoah Amenemhet) is similarly taken at face value by Stewart (pp 263-4). Stewart identifies Amenemhet IV as the “pharaoh of the Exodus”, and asserts that he should be lumped together with the likes of Adolf Hitler, Nero, and other notorious sociopaths of history. Regardless of whether or not Amenemhet IV was deranged, he cannot be the "pharaoh of the Exodus" based on his typecasting. Amenhotep III was still alive at the time of the 12th Dynasty Exodus, therefore it was he (and not Amenemhet IV) who still had the obligation of “chasing” the Israelites out of Egypt in the role of Noah. He was also doubling in the Ham role, which further indicates he was expected to survive the event. Amenemhet IV was of the Shem/Aaron typecasting. His role was to assist Auibre Hor ("Moses") in challenging Amenemhet III and to accompany Auibre Hor in Exodus. He was not to stay behind or to die with the “pharaoh of the Exodus”. As Shem survived the Great Flood, so would Amenemhet IV, although he would die shortly into the wilderness experience (according to the Biblical account of Aaron). See, www.domainofman.com/book/chap-8.html There is contrary information in both the Bible and the Quran/Koran regarding whether or not the “pharaoh of the Exodus” was literally killed in the Red Sea (or Reed Sea). http://answering-islam.org/Quran/Contra/qi018a.html http://www.answering-islam.org/Quran/Contra/qi025.html There has also been much debate over this question, but the answer is quite simple in terms of typecasting. And the answer is emphatically, NO! There was an Exodus event associated with each of the major Egyptian Kingdoms (Old, Middle, New). In each case the pharaoh assigned the role of oppressing the people (with endless construction projects) and then resisting an Exodus of that workforce possessed a distinct Noah typecasting. And it was not the “fate” of Biblical Noah to die in the Great Flood but to be miraculously saved along with his wife and three other couples. We also now know that Noah was considered a pharaoh in Egypt (both before and after the Great Flood) by the name of Ny-netjer/Nutjeren. See, again, www.domainofman.com/book/chart-14b.pdf www.domainofman.com/forum/index.cgi?noframes;read=509 www.domainofman.com/forum/index.cgi?read=5515 Biblical Noah is thought of as a gentle, peace-loving soul. But we can now discern that he very much had a dark side. Prior to the Flood he was only interested in saving a few (including and especially himself), and not the many. He evidently continued to harrass his "neighbors" right up until the final hour. It was only after the Flood that he had a change of heart and gave up his slave-driving ways. Noah and those with him endured an ordeal ("baptism") by water. Typologically, the baptizer was Osiris (archetypal Elijah and John the Baptist). Osiris was the "water pourer". It was his brutal sacrifice of Osiris that precipitated the Great Flood, an event that broke the killing drought and brought renewed fertility to the earth, or so it was believed. Baptism is associated with repentance and rebirth, a transformation of the soul leading not only to physical salvation but spiritual renewal. Prior to the Flood, Noah was faithful to God (or the gods) and was declared righteous. However, it was only after the Flood that he could be considered good in the eyes of the people (at least outside Mesopotamia where some common people survived, and particularly "far-away" Egypt where Noah eventually resettled). Note: In contrast to Osiris, a Horus figure “baptized with fire” - the fire of warfare. The pharaoh of the Exodus was always a wise but tyrannical Noah figure. It was necessary for him to be hated as an oppressor, but in the final analysis, redeemed. In none of the various accounts of an Exodus does the pharaoh chasing the runaway slaves die. In the Book of Exodus pharaoh sends his army into the sea and witnesses its destruction. In the Leiden Papyrus (of Ipuwer) there are plagues and disaster from “pouring of water”. Kingship is even removed (as in “carried off” to Mesopotamia ala the King-List), but nowhere does it state that a pharaoh was literally killed. In another record, the el-Arish stela, a pharaoh gives chase to a rebellious people in a time of upheaval and encounters both whirlpool and whirlwind. In all the above cases, the informed reader knows that stock roles are being fulfilled and the “end of an age” (and beginning of a new one) is signified. James D. Long in his book, “Riddle of the Exodus” discusses the el-Arish inscription. He also notes that Jewish tradition names Melol as pharaoh of the oppression. Melol could correspond to an Old Kingdom pharaoh as James Long proposes, but it is also very close in form to the Mesopotamian name of Amenemhet III of the Middle Kingdom, that being Sumulael, “belonging to God/El”. Thoum, the name given in the el-Arish inscription to the pharaoh that pursued slaves into a whirlpool could reflect the Old Kingdom pharaonic name of Nemtyemsaf as James Long proposes. It is also a name that can be associated with Inyotef II of the 11th Dynasty (Mesopotamian Gudea). See, www.domainofman.com/book/chart-14b.pdf Gudea/Inyotef II was strongly typecast as a Benjamin within the Dynasty of Sargon the Great. Yet, it appears that Gudea also set the precedent for a Benjamin figure to take on the secondary role of “pharaoh of the Exodus” (a precedent that Amenemhet III of the 12th Dynasty followed). A dramatic death by “pouring of water” was also orchestrated by Queen/Pharaoh Nitocris at the end of the Old Kingdom. She gathered many of the magnates of the kingdom, hosted them to a sumptuous banquet in a subterranean vault, and then had them all drowned by flooding out the chamber from above. She is believed to have perished with them, but this also seems to be mistaken. The other known “Queens of the Exodus” survived similar re-enactments of Noah’s Flood (as did Noah’s wife), such as Queen Sobeknofru of the Middle Kingdom and Queen Tiye of the 18th Dynasty. In Egyptian myth, the matriarchal goddess Hathor was ill-disposed toward mankind during the Flood, but like her counterpart the “pharaoh of the Exodus” she ultimately “repented” in killing them all. It has also been shown that Solomon (Amenhotep III of the Egyptian New Kingdom) was of the Noah typecasting. He was both a wise king and a bitter oppressor through his monumental construction projects. He was also implicitly the one that ordered babies to be destroyed as a means of population control. As in the days of Noah (as well as in Old and Middle Kingdoms repetitions), the world/kingdom of the 18th Dynasty Egypt was said to have been lessened and then divided. However, Solomon himself was not involved with the associated Exodus event of his generation. He died before this aspect of the Noah role could be fulfilled. The real life Solomon, hedonist pharaoh Amenhotep III, expired in the seventh year of Akhenaten’s exile to Amarna, his Babylon on the Nile. Biblical Noah (Pharaoh Ny-netjer) went “overboard” in his indulgent lifestyle after the Great Flood. However, Pharaoh Nebmaatre Amenhotep III ate and drank himself to death before a proper Exodus could be arranged. As the Bible records, Solomon refused himself no pleasure, nothing his eyes desired. Akhenaten must have breathed a sigh of relief at the passing of Amenhotep III. Nonetheless, two other members of the royal family (both with Ham/Benjamin typecasting) took up the aborted role of “pharaoh of the Exodus” in Amenhotep III’s place. Together they forced an exodus of Akhenaten (Rehoboam) five years after the death of Amenhotep III (Solomon). We saw that pharaoh Ny-maatre Amenemhet III of the 12th Dynasty demonstrated “works meet for repentance” by coming for the body of Moses (Auibre Hor/Hammurabi) and giving it burial within a pyramid once built as his own final resting place or mortuary cult. In the end, both “Moses” and the “pharaoh of the Exodus” were seen as vindicated. In the New Kingdom repetition of the Exodus, neither Aye nor Ramses were killed when Akhenaten was forced out of Egypt and pursued to the Red Sea. After the event, Aye came to Akhenaten in the Sinai and even brought his children to him as if to make amends for his former harsh treatment. Akhenaten was eventually allowed by Aye to come back to Egypt and “see God”, i.e., to receive a proper Egyptian kingly burial in the manner of his role model Auibre Hor/Hammurabi. Stewart’s identification of Amenemhet’s capital city of Itj-tawy as Tanis is well worth considering. One must wonder if the Greek Danites were also among those that made an Exodus from Tanis in Egypt during the 12th Dynasty. Other difficulties with Stewart’s model include: - Stewart has Hammurabi pre-dating the Egyptian Middle Kingdom rather than coming at the end of the Middle Kingdom or following it. - Stewart does not mention any of the Patriarchs prior to Abraham. Were they “living with the Mek”? - Stewart follows the theory of Ron Wyatt regarding the location of Sodom and Gomorrah. He claims that the finding of sulfur balls in specific locations near the Dead Sea is proof of the Biblical judgment of Sodom and Gomorrah. However, what evidence there is points instead to a highly selective and vindictive act by human authority and not by God (and performed as a repetition of some earlier natural catastrophe). -Stewart suggests that “Moses” may have been a general under Senusret III sent to campaign in Nubia, but stops short of associating him with an Egyptian name from archaeology, such as General Mentuemhet (pp 170, 186-7). -Stewart’s placement of Sekhemre at the end of the 12th Dynasty is unclear (pp 286-8). Sekhemre seems to be a variant of Sekhemkare son of Senusret I and not a minister serving Queen/Pharaoh Sobeknefru. Stewart resigns himself to identifying only those pharaohs that he thinks were associated with Joseph and Moses. ADMIN! Joseph and Set/Baal	cc/2020-05/en_head_0067.json.gz/line332
__label__cc	0.747849	0.252151	Briefings and guidance Law > Guidance > Information not held > Information not held FOISA Guidance on applying FOISA section 17 Under section 1(1) of the Freedom of Information (Scotland) Act 2002 (FOISA), a person who requests information from a Scottish public authority which holds it is entitled to be given the information by the authority. The definition of “information” in FOISA is wide. It means information recorded in any form. The information to be given to a requester is the information which the authority holds at the time the request is received (section 1(4) of FOISA). However, some information which an authority has in its possession may not be “held” by it for the purposes of FOISA. This applies to: information which the authority holds on behalf of another person (section 3(2)(a)(i) of FOISA) and information which was supplied by a Minister of the Crown or a department of the UK Government and is held in confidence by the authority (section 3(2)(a)(ii) of FOISA). Information which another person holds on behalf of the authority is “held” by the authority (section 3(2)(b) of FOISA). Good records management is required in order to be sure what information is held within an authority. Information Not Held - Section 17	cc/2020-05/en_head_0067.json.gz/line336
__label__wiki	0.519462	0.519462	NOTIS NEWS Autumn 2003 Volume 16, No. 3 NOTIS/WITS Meeting Oct. 4, 2003 “International Translators Day” celebration lunch and program with Dr. Judith Shapiro “Culture Clash in the Courtroom: China and the United States" Reported by Maiyim Baron, Baron-Charms International Services Oct, 2003 Sam Mattix, WITS President, introduced our speaker, an American born Caucasian who works in Chinese, with an anecdote from his experience of people around him waiting for the interpreter to come and not considering the possibility that this ‘round-eye’ present could be the interpreter of an Asian language. Dr. Judith Shapiro filled us in on how she began learning Chinese at Princeton University in 1971, before Americans could go to mainland China. When she went to China to teach English in the first group of forty Americans to go there, she was assigned to Hunan Teacher’s college and was one of four foreigners in the whole province of Hunan at that time. The six hundred students there were the best in English in the province, (the renowned ‘1977 grade’) and she was the first native speaker of English there. When she and a Chinese literature student decided to marry, they had to get permission from Deng Xiao Ping, in what became an infamous court case. She told the story of her husband’s Cultural Revolution experience in a book published in 1983 called Son of the Revolution. When they returned to the U.S. she naturally assumed the interpreter role for her husband. Dr. Shapiro now teaches at American University where she is the Director of the Global Environmental Politics program, and also works as a judicial interpreter. Dr. Shapiro began her presentation on cross-cultural experiences in the courtroom by reminding us of the current news about two civilian interpreters who have been arrested in Guantanemo. While the reason for their arrest has not been made public, she wondered if they might be in situations similar to ones many of us have found ourselves in, such as a defendant asking us to get word to his family that he has been detained. We are engaged to be ‘language machines’ she noted, not to have a heart and act out of compassion. Clearly we are not supposed to do this kind of thing, but what is the best way to handle such a situation? In discussion we decided the right thing to do is to convey the client’s request to the attorney, who can then act on it or direct the interpreter to do so. She mentioned conflicting ideas on the ‘proper’ way to interpret: do we keep our faces impassive and our hands stiffly at our sides, or do we express the emotions of the person we are interpreting for - acting indignant when they are indignant, for example? Dr. Shapiro believes we almost become the person we are interpreting for, and that we must use more than words alone to get their meaning across. After all, she reminded us from what she knows and teaches of cross cultural communication, the words themselves are only about 20% of any communication. Another approximately 20% of communication is intonation, but the majority of communication content depends on facial expression and body language. She cites this as the reason most of us are uncomfortable with telephonic interpretation which is being used more because it is less expensive. However, we interpreters know we are not getting all the information we need from facial expression and gestures to do a complete interpretation of what is being communicated. Dr. Shapiro noted the satisfactions of our profession when we know we are truly someone’s lifeline and performing a real service for them. What a paradox: we are supposed to be that ‘language machine’ but we are often so much more to a defendant who has had no-one to speak to in their language for some time. She mentioned our difficulties when people ask us later to comment on what we observed of the proceedings, asking us to act as analysts or consultants. We usually can’t do both that and fulfill our interpreting role. When we are working as interpreters we are so completely focused in the present moment that we usually don’t retain much of the content, and we are not processing it the way others present are. She mentioned how we get into the interpreters ‘zone’ when two languages are being processed simultaneously in our brains, with a particular feeling some interpreters sense in the back of their heads, and how like a meditative state this can be because we are so focused in the present moment. Although I pride myself on my good ‘forgettery’ and when I meet someone socially (as often happens in the small ethnic communities in which we may participate) if I even remember that I met them in a courtroom, I am not likely to recall any details of their case. But sometimes interpreters can really find ourselves on the spot – in the witness stand. The sad tale was told of an interpreter who was called as a witness and had such good notes that he could not claim he didn’t remember what he was questioned about. Once he was summoned as a witness, he lost the assignment to interpret for that case. Tagalog interpreter Lilly May Bayley told us she always shreds her notes. When asked by a lawyer to show him her notes, she insisted that “I want to see you shred them after you read them.” Korean interpreter Kwang Chough mentioned an experience of sitting with a defendant whom a television news reporter wanted to interview. His response was that since the interpreter can only speak in the presence of an officer of the court, the reporter’s request needs to be made through the defendant’s attorney. Dr. Shapiro commented that one of the judge’s responsibilities is to be solicitous of the welfare of all persons in his courtroom. Since interpreters are considered officers of the court, we too have the ability to call any questionable situation to the attention of the judge. Dr. Shapiro recalled a situation when she was severely reprimanded for bringing a novel in Chinese to an incarcerated defendant, reasoning that other defendants had access to the jail’s library, so why shouldn’t this fellow have something to read too? She was told “If you’re sympathizing with the defendant, we don’t want you interpreting.” She realized that this simple request too should have gone through the defendant’s attorney, who then could have gotten the judge’s approval. Susana Stettri Sawrey commented that it is not that we interpreters are asked not to be compassionate, but we must be very prudent in acting on our feelings. Emma Garkavi responded that the interpreters who have gotten in trouble in Guantanemo may not be professionals who would respect the ethical boundaries of our practice, but that whenever interpreters anywhere are arrested, we ought to be concerned. Dr. Shapiro related her chagrin when she was involved in an immigration trial with five defendants who each had attorneys who all handled their practically identical cases differently. Some of the defendants’ cases were resolved quickly, while other defendants were in jail for months, but she felt helpless to share anything of what she knew had been done on the cases that resolved easily with the attorneys for the other defendants. Following this lively discussion of difficult ethical situations, Dr. Shapiro led our interactive exploration of culture clashes in the courtroom. She compared the verbal communication to the ‘tip of the iceberg’ of all the cultural customs and manners that affect what is actually said. For example, she observed a Thai interpreter and the defendant he was working with bow to each other when they entered the courtroom, and also noticed that the interpreter kept his hand on the fellow’s shoulder while he interpreted for him. This could easily be misunderstood and called ‘excessive closeness,’ for which the interpreter’s ability to do his job impartially could be challenged. Sam Mattix commented that he certainly wouldn’t do that in an American court. The common mistake of mixing up given names and family names in Asian languages was mentioned, so we were advised to use those terms and avoid saying ‘first name’ and ‘last name’ because that can just add to the confusion. Most of us have probably faced situations where we were incorrectly assigned to a defendant based on court personnel’s limited understanding, for example, a Thai interpreter being assigned to someone from Taiwan. I work in Japanese, and have often been called to interpret for someone with a Korean name, who may well have been born in Japan and prefer to use Japanese. I have several times asked the person assigning me to a case to double check whether Japanese or Korean is the language being requested. We were cautioned to be diligent in verifying the language requested. Asian languages are less specific than English in designating plurals - which can lead to problems. Often it is impossible to tell if a person being mentioned in an Asian language is male or female, so we don’t know if our interpretation should use ‘he’ or ‘she.’ Similarly, a question in English may refer to a ‘brother’ or ‘sister’ and these kinship terms in Chinese or Japanese are specific to older or younger siblings. In these situations, it is appropriate for the interpreter to stop and explain to the participants that she must ask the speaker whether they are referring to a man or woman, or an older or younger sibling before interpreting. Another way to handle this is to use a generic term like ‘my relative,’ which is less specific, but still accurate. Chinese especially can be very vague in terms of tense and often statements do not include terms for past or future, so it is very easy to get into difficulties unless one is very careful, and perhaps stops the proceedings to indicate that this statement must be clarified before a correct interpretation can be made. To avoid confusion, interpreters who work in Asian languages must also pay attention to the Asian way of calculating age based on birthdays, i.e. a person is one when they are born, being in their first year, and then turns two on their first birthday. This can be a crucial point in determining whether someone will be tried as a juvenile or as an adult. Also, for example in Thailand, where years are counted in the ‘Buddhist Era’ or in Japan where years are numbered by the Emperor’s reign, care must be taken in converting this to our ‘Common Era’ to avoid discrepancy in dates. Commonly used clichés in one language often present difficulties in interpretation. For example, literally translating the Chinese phrase ‘I’m going to beat you to death’ could definitely influence a defendant’s case and possibly lead to a charge of ‘lethal threat’ when a more culturally literate interpretation of the phrase would produce a better English equivalent like ‘I’m going to beat the living daylights out of you’ - provoking an entirely different reaction from those listening. In Dr. Shapiro’s experience, Chinese have a different attitude towards the legal system: they tend to resolve disputes themselves through direct negotiation according to their underlying Confucian ethics rather than going to court, because in a Chinese court the judge may well penalize all parties involved for causing problems. WITS Vice President Steve Muzik, who works in Spanish, commented that in his experience Hispanics often avoid trial, and poor people run away from any legal entanglement. Cultural and economic situations can definitely be a source of bias. Those unfortunate cases we all encounter which really should not end up in court were mentioned, such as a street vendor who when questioned by police about his license, did not understand and ended up being arrested. Another example Dr. Shapiro gave us was of someone practicing parallel parking in the Pentagon parking lot who was arrested for suspicious activities. Chinese understanding of the law is based on a principle of harm: she cited cases of arranged marriages between Americans and Chinese when American law determined there was an illegal ‘fake fiancé’ situation, but from a Chinese point of view, since no one was actually harmed, why was this action against the law? In Chinese culture, ‘law’ and ‘morality’ are not necessarily the same. For example, a Chinese person may not understand why they should stop at a traffic light at midnight, if no one is around. The Chinese concept of ‘saving face’ leads some into the American courtroom – if one is accused and cannot understand what one did that was wrong, minor cases end up in trial so the accused can defend their honor instead of perhaps simply admitting their guilt and paying an appropriate fine. In Chinese culture, the level of trust in relationships, leading to an unquestioned willingness to do favors for a friend who asks, can get people into trouble in the American system. Chinese people will lend money based on the relationship, without asking what the money is for. In Taiwan, it is normal to give politicians cash. when Former Vice-President Al Gore received donations from some Chinese nuns which were later considered improper, the donors chose to return to Taiwan where there is no extradition agreement, never to return to the U.S., rather than face testifying about doing a favor for someone close to them. Attorneys sometimes run into difficulties when they try to play the ‘culture card’ without full comprehension. ‘Cultural difference’ is no excuse for an illegal action in the U.S. just as ‘ignorance is no excuse.’ Attorneys sometimes fight to pack a jury with other Asians if the defendant is Asian, but this shows their own cultural stereotyping and lack of cultural understanding. Jurors cannot be excluded on the basis of race; neither should attorneys attempt to include people on that basis. Sometimes lawyers seem to prefer a non-native interpreter, because it avoids any appearance of the interpreter being in collusion with the defendant. The defendant may feel that an ‘American’ interpreter will be more familiar with the legal system here and therefore of more help to them. Problems can also arise when the defendant thinks they speak enough English to rely on the interpreter only for ‘backup,’ a situation most of us are probably familiar with. Dr. Shapiro gave an example of this: instead of answering the question “Did you see him?” with “I ran into him,” which was what he intended to say, the defendant replied “I had a run-in with him last week.” This gave an entirely different impression and sent the conversation off on a different tack. If we interpreters are being used as ‘backup’ in less formal situations, we must be very alert to jump in and correct this type of misunderstanding before things get off track. A cultural difference which often shows up in cases involving Chinese defendants is when a Chinese defendant ‘begs’ the judge for clemency, as is common in China. Dr. Shapiro was asked her impression of whether Chinese feel they are treated fairly in American courts. She says she believes many do not feel they are fairly treated, and that many more are involved in the legal system now than before 9/11. She has heard many Chinese express their sadness and disappointment that the U.S. is not the ‘land of the free’ as they believed, and their anger at the current lack of legal due process. An important part of our job is to ‘level the playing field’ and help ensure all are dealt with fairly. Ann Macfarlane cited the case of a fifteen year old Guatemalan woman accused of infanticide, who spoke only her indigenous language but was afforded only a Spanish speaking interpreter. This prompted the National Association of Judiciary Interpreters and Translators to write to the judge in protest. Normandie Nunez, who was visiting us and is in charge of finding interpreters for other than Spanish languages for the Oregon Judicial Department, raised the case of a woman from Oaxaca who went to a hospital without her baby after giving birth. She ended up in jail for fifteen months until the need to bring in a native interpreter in her language was proved in court. Several high school students who are interested in becoming professional interpreters joined our meeting. One young attendee not familiar with our profession commented that she had heard lots of information on what we are “supposed to do and not do” and asked on what code this is based. Laws in the State of Washington include an ‘Interpreters Code of Ethics’ in the Washington Administrative Code which directs how laws are to be carried out. All judicial interpreters in Washington are sworn to comply with this code. We also have the NAJIT ‘Code of Ethics and Professional Responsibilities’ to rely on. In conclusion, Ann Macfarlane noted that it may not always be possible to completely fulfill our professional goals, but that we must keep moving towards them to become better interpreters individually, and to strengthen our profession. - Maiyim Baron specializes in high-level and technical Japanese interpretation, and through her partners in her company Baron-Charms International Services, has offered translation and other Japan-focused communications services since 1990. She can be reached through www.JapaneseInterpreter.com or by telephone at 206-523-1324 (USA).	cc/2020-05/en_head_0067.json.gz/line339
__label__wiki	0.823926	0.823926	Stewart Mesher U.S. IP Procurement and Portfolio Management Alert New USPTO Requirement: U.S. Licensed Attorney Representation for Foreign Trademark Applications and Registrations Federal Circuit Upholds TTAB Ruling on Specimens of Use K&L Gates Bolsters IP Practice with Addition of Four-Lawyer Austin Team IP Procurement and Portfolio Management J.D., Vanderbilt Law School, 1997 M.B.A., Seattle University, 1992 B.S., University of Washington, 1987 Bar of Texas United States District Court for the District of Colorado United States District Court for the Northern District of Texas United States District Court for the Southern District of Texas United States District Court for the Western District of Texas Stewart Mesher is a partner in the Austin office of K&L Gates LLP. He focuses on litigation and transactions for all forms of intellectual property (IP), portfolio management and counseling related to patents, copyrights, unfair competition, and Internet domain name rights, as well as trademark prosecution and TTAB proceedings. Before joining K&L Gates LLP, Mr. Mesher was the chair of an IP boutique’s litigation practice group, as well as in-house counsel at Advanced Micro Devices, Inc. - where he advised the Corporate Vice-Presidents of AMD’s desktop and server processor businesses, as well as its platform engineering team, and supported AMD’s intellectual property litigation and licensing activities. Mr. Mesher graduated from the University of Washington with a Bachelor of Science degree in Engineering, he then went on to Seattle University to complete a Master of Business Administration in Finance and Marketing. He earned his Doctor of Jurisprudence in International Law and Intellectual Property at Vanderbilt University Law School and completed the ABOTA National Trial College at Harvard Law School. Mr. Mesher is a member of the State Bar of Texas and the Washington State Bar. He is admitted to practice before the U.S. Patent and Trademark Office, the U.S. District Courts for the Northern, Southern, Eastern, and Western Districts of Texas, the U.S. District Court for the Western District of Washington, the U.S. District Court for the District of Colorado, and the U.S. Court of Appeals for the Federal Circuit. Mr. Mesher has been AV Preeminent Rated as an attorney by Martindale-Hubbell since 2010, selected for inclusion on the Texas Super Lawyers lists since 2012 (and on their Rising Stars list before that), listed as one of Managing Intellectual Property magazine’s IP STARS since in 2013, and has been recognized by Best Lawyers® starting in 2018. He is also an active member of the International Trademark Association (INTA) and is a member of INTA’s Alternative Dispute Resolution Committee for the 2020-2021 term. Prior to joining the firm, Mr. Mesher served as a principal at an intellectual property law firm where he focused his practice on litigation and transactions for all forms of intellectual property, portfolio management and counseling related to patents, copyrights, unfair competition, and internet domain name rights, as well as trademark prosecution and TTAB proceedings. Represented Hunters Specialties, Inc. in One Shot Shooting Products, LLC v. Hunter’s Specialties, Inc., Case 2:15-cv-01659 United States District Court for the Eastern Dist. Of TX. Represented Adorama Pix, LLC in Graham Springs LLC v. Zazzle Inc., Case 2:15-cv-00775 United States District Court for the Eastern District of Texas. Represented Kryptek Outdoor Group, LLC in Kryptek Outdoor Group, LLC v. Salt Armour, Inc., Case 1:15-cv-00348 United States District Court for the Eastern District of Texas. Represented Townsquare Commerce, LLC in Townsquare Commerce, LLC v. Groupon, Inc., Case No. 3:2015-cv-01870 United States District Court for the Northern District of Texas. Represented Peak Rock Capital, LLC in Peak Rock Capital LLC v. Peak Equity Partners et. al., Case No. 1:2015-cv-00256 United States District Court for the Western District of Texas. Represented Mr. Gatti’s, LP in Mr. Gatti’s LP v. Mr. G’s Pizza Buffet et. al., Case No. 3:2015-cv-00687 United States District Court for the Northern District of Texas. Represented Gordon Howard in In re: Schwarz, Case No. 2015-1327, United States Court of Appeals for the Federal Circuit and Gordon Howard Associates, Inc. v. LunarEye, Inc., Case No. IPR2014-01213 United States Patent and Trademark Office PTAB Case. Represented Dev-Tex Engineering, LP in Mark Gooch Designers, Incorporated v. Dev-Tex Engineering, LP, et. al., Case No. 4:2014-cv-03643 United States District Court for the Southern District of Texas. Represented Volusion, Inc. in K-Tek Computers, Inc. v. Serhal et. al., Case No. 1:2014-cv-01067 United States District Court for the Western District of Texas. Represented Gordon Howard in Gordon Howard Associates, Inc. v. LunarEye, Inc., Case No. IPR2014-00712 United States Patent and Trademark Office PTAB Case and ACP, Inc. v. Skypatrol, LLC et. al., Case No. 13-cv-01572 United States District Court for the Northern District of California. Represented Huawei Technologies, Co., Ltd. in Parthenon Unified Memory Architecture LLC v. Huawei Technologies Co., Ltd. et. al., Case No. 2:2014-cv-00687 United States District Court for the Eastern District of Texas. Represented Neu Security Services, LLC in Neu Security Services LLC v. Halaut et. al., Case No. 1:2013-cv-00242 United States District Court for the Western District of Texas. Represented Interactive Life Forms, Inc. in Interactive Life Forms Inc. et al v. Kaico Corporation, Case No. 2:2013-cv-00264 United States District Court for the Southern District of Texas. Represented Heroes are Hard to Find, LLC in Heroes Are Hard To Find, LLC et al v. Francisco et. al., Case No. 3:2013-cv-04204 United States District Court for the Northern District of Texas. Represented Volusion, Inc. in Quxuz LLC v. Volusion, Inc., Case No. 2:2013-cv-00172 United States District Court for the Eastern District of Texas. Represented Gordon Howard in LunarEye, Inc. v. Gordon Howard Associates, Inc., Case No. 9:2013-cv-00091 United States District Court for the Eastern District of Texas. Represented Interactive Life Forms, Inc. in Interactive Life Forms, LLC et. al. v. Weng et. al., Case No. 1:2012-cv-01182 United States District Court for the Western District of Texas and Seinfeld et. al. v. Interactive Life Forms, Inc., Case No. 8:2012-cv-01419 United States District Court for the Central District of California. Represented Triton Media, LLC (Triton Digital) in Pennell v. Triton Media, LLC, Case No. 1:2012-cv-00706 United States District Court for the Western District of Texas. Represented Consona Corporation in Gemini IP, LLC v. Consona Corp., Case No. 4:2012-cv-00080 United States District Court for the Eastern District of Texas. Represented Nirvana Systems, Inc. (Aqumin, LLC) in Maxus Strategic Systems, Inc. v. Aqumin LLC et. al., Case No. 1:2011-cv-00073 United States District Court for the Western District of Texas. Represented Electronic Custom Distributors, Inc in Arlington Indus., Inc. v. Electronic Cust. Dist., Case No. 3:2010-cv-00842 United States District Court for the Middle District of Pennsylvania. Represented Gordon Howard in ArrivalStar S.A. v. Gordon Howard Assoc., Inc., Case No. 1:2010-cv-02520 United States District Court for the District of Colorado and ArrivalStar S.A. v. Gordon Howard Assoc., Inc., Case No. 1:2010-cv-04363 United States District Court for the Northern District of Illinois. Represented EMC Corporation in In Re Data Storage Sys. and Components Thereof, Inv. No. 337-TA-471 United States International Trade Commission. Represented Great Barrier Reef, Inc. Great Barrier Reef, Inc. v. MY-CIO, Inc. et. al., Case No. 3:2003-cv-05110 United States District Court for the Western District of Miss. Represented Emerson Electric Co. in Digital Control Inc. et. al. v. Ridge Tool Co., Case No. 2:2003-cv-02297 United States District Court for the Western District of Wash. Represented DeKalb Genetics Corporation in Pioneer Hi-Bred Intl. v. Monsanto Co. et. al., Case No. 3:2001-cv-50219 United States District Court for the Northern District of Illinois and DeKalb Genetics Corp. v. Pioneer Hi-Bred Intl., Case No. 3:1998-cv-50186 United States District Court for the Northern District of Illinois.	cc/2020-05/en_head_0067.json.gz/line342
__label__wiki	0.762646	0.762646	Theodore J. Angelis Judge or Jury?: The Federal Circuit Holds that Patent Litigants Do Not Have a Seventh Amendment Right to a Jury Trial on Attorneys’ Fees U.S. Intellectual Property Litigation Alert Where Can Hatch-Waxman and BPCIA Cases Stick After TC Heartland LLC v. Kraft Foods Group Brands LLC? Pharma/BioPharma Litigation Remicade® Update: Passing Up Your Chance to Dance Can Increase Damages IP Litigation Alert Alert The Federal Circuit Affirms the Patent Trial and Appeal Board’s Invalidation of All Claims of a Gilenya® Patent IP Litigation Alert Sandoz v. Amgen—Biosimilars at the Supreme Court—Oral Argument Intellectual Property Alert To the Federal Circuit, Some PTAB Petitioners Have No Appeal Whatsoever Pharma and BioPharma Litigation Alert K&L Gates Team Wins Major Jury Verdict for Carnegie Mellon University in Patent Infringement Case Critical Briefing: Cyber Threats, Crimes, and Security Secondary Practices Complex Commercial Litigation and Disputes Indian Law (North America) Oil, Gas & Resources Pharma and BioPharma Litigation J.D., Yale Law School, 1999, Articles Editor Yale Law Journal, Managing Editor Yale Law & Policy Review Thomas Tang National Moot Court Competition, Best Oralist M.Sc., University of Oxford, 1996, Comparative Social Research, Marshall Scholar M.Sc., London School of Economics and Political Science, 1995, (economics) Public Policy, Marshall Scholar B.A., Claremont McKenna College, 1994, summa cum laude (government/psychology), Phi Beta Kappa, Student Body President United States District Court for the Eastern District of Washington Theo Angelis is an intellectual property and appellate litigator who appears in trial and appellate courts, in administrative tribunals, and in arbitration proceedings throughout the United States. Mr. Angelis’ unique experience—as an intellectual property litigator who co-chaired the firm’s appellate practice and has an active appellate practice—allows him to craft and present especially persuasive and compelling arguments. He also provides clear and strategic advice to clients facing unsettled or complex legal issues, and he assists them in efficiently solving problems and minimizing risk. Mr. Angelis has litigated patent and other IP matters before the U.S. District Courts in California, Delaware, Illinois, Louisiana, Minnesota, New York, Oregon, Nevada, New Jersey, Pennsylvania, Texas, and Washington, as well as the Patent Trial and Appeal Board and International Trade Commission. Mr. Angelis’ appellate practice focuses primarily on the Federal and Ninth Circuits, as well as the D.C. Circuit, where Mr. Angelis served as a law clerk. Mr. Angelis also regularly handles appeals in state appellate courts. Mr. Angelis has received numerous awards and honors. He is listed in the Best Lawyers in America and as a Washington Super Lawyer, and he recently was recognized by the King County Bar Association as Mentor of the Year. Earlier in his career, the King County Bar Association named him Outstanding Young Lawyer. Mr. Angelis served as the editor of the Washington Lawyer’s Practice Manual for many years, and while in law school served as articles editor for the Yale Law Journal and managing editor of the Yale Law & Policy Review. Mr. Angelis is a frequent speaker and presenter on strategic litigation issues, not only related to patent and IP litigation but also legal ethics, privacy for electronic communications, internal investigations, developments in Internet law, and effective litigation strategies. Clerkship, Hon. Stephen F. Williams, U.S. Court of Appeals for the District of Columbia Circuit, 1999-2000 Listed in Best Lawyers in America (Since 2013) Listed in Washington Super Lawyers (2014–2018) Citizen of the Year (2016) by St. Demetrios Greek Orthodox Church King County Bar Association Mentor of the Year (2012) King County Bar Association’s Outstanding Young Lawyer (2006) Recipient of NWIRP Amicus Award (2011) (awarded to Castillo litigation team) Selected to the Washington Rising Stars List (2004-2009, 2011, 2012) Professional/Civic Activities Co-Chair, IP Litigation Committee of the Federal Bar Association of the Western District of Washington. Chair, King County Bar Association Fair Campaign Practices Committee Member, King County Bar Association’s Leadership Committee Member, Attorney General’s Task Force on Unaccompanied Children Leadership Tomorrow, Class of 2008 Internet and Technology Law – Practical Guidance for the Washington Practitioner (2012) Indian Law, in Washington Lawyers Practice Manual (2012) Rule 11, (with Ramona Emerson) in Washington Civil Procedure Deskbook (2007). “Investing Public Money in Private Markets: What are the Right Questions?,” Framing The Social Security Debate: Values, Economics, & Politics (Douglas Arnold, Michael Graetz, & Alicia Munnel, eds., 1999). Select Patent litigation Cooper v. Square, Inc. (N.D. Ill., PTAB, Fed. Cir., and S. Ct.). Theo served as lead counsel for Square in proceedings before the District Court, Federal Circuit, and U.S. Supreme Court, in a case involving mobile payment technology. He also assisted with proceedings before the PTAB. Theo obtained a stay of the district court proceedings pending resolution of the PTAB’s ruling, and after the PTAB invalidated all of the asserted claims, Theo successfully defended that ruling on appeal before the Federal Circuit. Theo subsequently convinced the Supreme Court to deny certiorari after it took the unusual step of ordering Square to respond to Cooper’s cert. petition. Unwired Planet v. Square (D. Nev. and PTAB). Theo served as Square’s lead counsel before the U.S. District Court and as co-counsel at the PTAB in a case involving location based technology and wireless network infrastructure. After discovery and Markman, Theo obtained a stay of the District Court proceedings pending completion of the pending PTAB proceedings. Theo argued for Square before the PTAB and obtained an order invalidating all asserted claims. Theo then served as appellate counsel at the Federal Circuit until Unwired Planet abandoned its appeals. Intellicheck Mobilisa, Inc. v. Wizz Systems LLC (W.D. Wash.). Theo served as lead counsel for plaintiff in a case involving mobile document authentication technology. Theo obtained a favorable Markman ruling. Lexos Media IP, LLC v. Recreational Equipment, Inc. (E.D. Tex.). Theo served as REI’s lead counsel before the U.S. District Court in a case involving ecommerce technology. Genaville LLC v. Recreational Equipment, Inc. et al. (E.D. Tex.). Theo served as lead counsel for REI in a case involving ecommerce technology. Coqui v. Nordstrom, Target, and Cabela’s (E.D. Tex.). Theo served as lead counsel for Nordstrom, Cabela’s, and Target in a case involving electronic gift card technology deployed using mobile devices. Cequint Inc. v. Apple, Inc. (D. Del.). Theo represented Cequint Inc. in asserting claims against Apple, Inc. for infringement of two patents related to Caller ID and wireless infrastructure technology. Carnegie Mellon University v. Marvell (W.D. Pa.). Theo was part of the team representing Carnegie Mellon University before the U.S. District Court. The team obtained a trial verdict of $1.17 billion, and the matter subsequently settled for payment of $750 million. Theo managed all briefing and motions practice during the trial. Eastman Kodak Co. v. Apple Inc. and Research in Motion (U.S.I.T.C.), (N.D. Tex.), and (W.D.N.Y.). Theo represented Eastman Kodak Company in asserting claims against Apple, Inc. and Research In Motion (RIM) involving Kodak’s digital capture patents. Additional Appellate Experience Panagacos v. Towery (9th Cir.) – Theo represents Army Force Protection Chief Tom Rudd in a Bivens action brought by protesters. He obtained dismissal of the majority of protestors’ claims during the initial appeal , and he obtained dismissal of the other claims on summary judgment after remand. Marina Homeowners Association v. The Stratford At The Marina, LLC (Wash. Ct. App. Div. I). Theo successfully overturned $2 million judgment entered against client—while represented by other counsel—under the Washington CPA, Washington Condominium Act, and various common law causes of action. Castillo v. Skwarski et al. (9th Cir. and W.D. Wash.). Theo represented plaintiff in successful Bivens action against Department of Homeland Security (“DHS”). The case was settled by the Ninth Circuit Mediator while the government’s appeal was pending. The settlement included a large monetary payment and written apology, as well as a prior commitment to alter DHS practices. The settlement led Northwest Immigrants Rights Project to award K&L Gates its Amicus Award for 2011, and the case was featured at the National Hispanic Bar Association’s annual meeting. United States v. Philip Morris USA, Inc. (D.C. Circuit). Theo represented a major investment bank in analyzing the United States’ RICO action against all major tobacco companies. Successfully predicted outcome of interlocutory appeal on unsettled RICO remedies issue. Microsoft Corp. v. Synergy6 et al. (Wash. Ct. App Div. I). Theo successfully defeated numerous attempts to obtain interlocutory review of trial court rulings regarding personal jurisdiction, constitutional limits on statutory damages, and discovery rulings. The case ultimately settled for a $7 million dollar payment to Microsoft, which was the largest payment every in an anti-spam case. State v. Athan (Wash. Supreme Court). Represented Washington State Bar Association as amicus curiae arguing that police should not be allowed to pose as a suspect’s lawyer to gather incriminating evidence. Smith v. Behr Process Corp. (Wash. Ct. App. Div. II). Represented Behr Process Corporation, as newly appearing appellate counsel, seeking to overturn a default judgment entered as a discovery sanction. Pro bono appeals. Regular supervision and participation in pro bono appeals, primarily in the U.S. Court of Appeals for the Ninth Circuit. Other Constitutional and Governmental Litigation and Advice JEFM v. Lynch (W.D. Wash.). Represented a class of unaccompanied minors who entered the United States as children and not assigned counsel to represent themselves in Immigration Court. The class brought Due Process and statutory claims. The case is pending before the Ninth Circuit on the government’s challenge to the District Court’s jurisdiction to hear the children’s challenge. Microsoft v. Synerg6, Inc. et al. (King County Super. Ct.). Successfully defended Microsoft against defamation claims arising from statements made during joint press conference held by New York Attorney General Eliot Spitzer and Microsoft General Counsel. Sanders v. City of Seattle (King County Super. Ct.). Successfully represented Westlake Center and defeated argument that Seattle Monorail’s public easement through Westlake Center was a public forum. Vanmoor v. Alexa Internet (D.D.C). Defeated defamation claims against Amazon.com’s Alexa Internet service. Skagit County v. Samish and Swinomish Tribes (Interior Board of Indian Appeals). Represented Skagit County in complex land use litigation related to development of lands that tribes sought to convert from fee status to Federal Trust land. C-Tran. Represented public transit authority in developing policies for non-commercial advertising on buses and other public transportation. City of Blaine. Represented City in resolving claims related to exhumation of native remains during construction of sewage treatment plan on Semiahmoo. Intellectual Property Litigation and Advice Theo focuses a substantial portion of his practice on intellectual property litigation, with a special emphasis on cyber and technology law. Mr. Angelis not only represents clients in high profile litigation involving patent, trademark, and copyright infringement, but also provides counseling regarding emerging issues and unsettled legal issues, and pending legislation. Mr. Angelis provides guidance on all manner of cyberlaw issues and the use and misuse of intellectual property online. Topics of recent consultations include: agreements and policies related to cloud computing services; possible causes of action against sophisticated hackers; privacy for digital communications, and domain cybersquatting. Mr. Angelis has also worked with federal, state, and international governmental agencies in the battle against internet misconduct. He speaks frequently on emerging trends in internet law and challenges inherent in seeking to protect computer systems and intellectual property. Representative engagements include: Internet and Cyber Law Represented major cloud computing provider in analysis of key policies and agreements related to cloud services. Represented Microsoft Corporation in nationwide Internet safety and security litigation efforts, including extensive litigation in anti-spam, anti-phishing, anti-spyware, child protection, and related enforcement efforts. Doe v. Project Fair Bid, Inc. (W.D. Wash. 2011). Served as lead counsel for venture capital funds sued in nationwide class action arising from investments in penny auction website. Represented anti-spyware software developer—in litigation and disputes in both Europe and the United States—against charges that its software had malicious features. Advised major wireless carrier regarding issues related to wireless updates of software. Advised major smart phone manufacturer in questions related to its social networking.	cc/2020-05/en_head_0067.json.gz/line343
__label__wiki	0.987444	0.987444	T.O.P will not join BIGBANG T.O.P of K-pop boy group BIGBANG said Sunday he would not return. Yonhap By Dong Sun-hwa Will K-pop act BIGBANG become a trio? The group's rapper T.O.P announced on his Instagram Sunday that he would not return to the entertainment scene. "Yes! God! I have no plan to come back (to show business,)" he wrote. "Just see the animal photo." His remark came after an online user left a comment on his post with an image of an animal, saying, "Have some time for self-reflection, refrain from doing Instagram and don't come back." In July 2017, T.O.P was given a 10-month prison term, suspended for two years, for smoking marijuana several times in 2016. Although he began obligatory military service as a conscripted policeman in February 2017, he was kicked out after the conviction. He then had to serve as a public service worker at Yongsan Ward Office and was discharged in July 2019. But BIGBANG's agency YG Entertainment has not officially announced the rapper's withdrawal. The band has four members ― G-Dragon, Taeyang, Daesung and T.O.P. It debuted as a five-piece group in 2006, but Seungri left in March after a nightclub affiliated with him was mired in a sex and drug scandal. G-Dragon, Taeyang and Daesung are in uniform. sunhwadong@koreatimes.co.kr More articles by this reporter	cc/2020-05/en_head_0067.json.gz/line345
__label__wiki	0.759476	0.759476	What to do about North Korea Donald P. Gregg By Donald P. Gregg Timing is everything in politics, war and peace. President Barack Obama and the world were extremely lucky to have had Gov. Bill Richardson in Pyongyang just when he was. His visit coincided with what I consider to have been the most dangerous moment in relations between North and South Korea since 1994, the “sea of fire” crisis, which was ended only by an emergency visit to Pyongyang by former President Jimmy Carter. South Korean President Lee Myung-bak, facing heavy domestic criticism for what had been perceived as an inadequate response to the Nov. 23 shelling of Yeonpyeong Island by North Korea, felt he had to prove his toughness and his leadership to his own people, his neighbors, and his major ally, the U.S. He proposed to do by holding a second live-fire exercise from Yeonpyeong Island, the first of which had provoked the North Koreans to fire in response, causing the first two civilian casualties suffered by South Korea since 1953. North Korea played into President Lee’s hands by its foolish and tragic barrage. South Korean anger was aroused, and long-standing doubts about who sank the Cheonan last March, were submerged. In short order, North Korea became the villain of the piece Gov. Richardson, making his eighth trip to North Korea, at the invitation of Kim Gye-gwan, the North’s chief nuclear negotiator, arrived in Pyongyang in the midst of this developing crisis. South Korea’s live-fire exercise had been announced, and North Korea was outdoing itself in the retaliatory threats it was issuing, including nothing less than a reference to the possible use of nuclear weapons. Gov. Richardson said he “hoped to make a difference” in bringing a more stable situation into being, and settled down to substantive talks with men he knew well. A trickle of sensible-sounding suggestions soon surfaced; establishment of a three-way military commission involving the U.S. and North and South Korea, to study crisis avoidance; setting up a “hot line” between the North and the South; the return of recently discovered remains of American soldiers killed in the Korean War; possible resumption of visits by IAEA inspectors to Yongbyon, and sale of enriched nuclear fuel rods to foreign buyers, including South Korea. (IAEA stands for the International Atomic Energy Agency.) In Seoul, the seriousness of the situation was demonstrated by an unusual event. On Dec. 18, U.S. Ambassador Kathleen Stephens, accompanied by Combined Forces Commander Gen. Walter Sharp called upon President Lee at the Blue House. In what the Dong-a Ilbo called “an emergency visit,” the ambassador and the general reportedly told the president to be prepared for a provocative military reaction from North Korea, if the live-fire exercise on Yeonpyeong Island were to be carried out. Following this meeting, the Blue House announced that the exercise would be held. Its timing and duration were announced. The strength of the U.S.-Korean alliance had thus been demonstrated: Despite dire threats from the North, the exercise was definitely going to happen, and the world went to bed on Dec. 19 wondering how North Korea would respond. In Pyongyang, Gov. Richardson had concluded his talks, after repeatedly urging the North Koreans not to respond militarily to the South Korean exercise. In a telephone interview with CNN from the airport, he referred to the situation as “a tinderbox.” From my five trips to Pyongyang, I know most, if not all, of the men the governor met and talked with. They are extremely intelligent, tough negotiators, with a strong sense of what is possible and what is not. They clearly recognized that all of the positive ideas discussed with Gov. Richardson would be obliterated by a hostile military response, executed on the day of his departure, and that his visit would be taken by Pyongyang’s myriad of critics as further proof of the uselessness of talking directly with North Korea. Their choice not to retaliate, despite the dire threats they had issued, is a wise decision that puts the ball in Washington’s court. I would hope that Gov. Richardson would be invited to the White House and listened to carefully. His visit has brought strong evidence of the value of direct talks with North Korea, the key to long-term stability on the Korean Peninsula. They clearly need to be continued. Donald P. Gregg is chairman of the Korea Society. He was national security advisor to Vice President George H.W. Bush (1982-88) and ambassador to South Korea (1989-93). The views expressed in the above article are the author’s own and do not reflect the editorial policy of The Korea Times.	cc/2020-05/en_head_0067.json.gz/line346
__label__cc	0.547647	0.452353	New Zonta Club forming in Mobile; informational meeting scheduled for February 24, 2015 Zonta International is organizing a new Zonta Club in Mobile. And, according to Charlene Rains, membership chair of the Zonta District 11 club, an informational meeting is scheduled for Tuesday, February 24, 6 p.m. at the Golden Bowl, 309 Bel Air Boulevard, Mobile. Since 1919, Zonta International has been a leading global organization of professionals empowering women worldwide through service and advocacy. And the efforts of Zonta organizations at the local level cover a variety of topics/issues, including economic growth, equal rights, access to health care, educational opportunities, self-sustainability, self-esteem, personal support, domestic violence issues and comfort on difficult situations. "The formation of a new club in Mobile is therefore a very important milestone for our organization," Rains said. "We have identified unique opportunities for service and advocacy efforts in the Mobile area, and we would like to share how Zonta International will pursue making a difference in the lives of many women close to you through this new club," she said of the public invitation to the February 24 meeting. Rains asked that those planning to attend the informational meeting RSVP no later than February 15 by emailing Charlene@zonta-district11.org or by calling 251-533-9144.	cc/2020-05/en_head_0067.json.gz/line347
__label__cc	0.743855	0.256145	Can Depression Be Good For You? Posted on May 6, 2013 by Dan Most people think of depression as a mental disorder, that is, a biological illness of the brain. Here I argue that the concept of depression as a mental disorder has been unhelpfully overextended to include all manner of human suffering, and, more controversially, that ‘depression’ can even be good for us—an idea that I first visited in my book The Meaning of Madness. Let us begin by thinking very broadly about the concept of depression. There are important geographical variations in the prevalence of depression, and these can in large part be accounted for by socio-cultural rather than biological factors. In traditional societies human distress is more likely to be seen as an indicator of the need to address important life problems rather than as a mental disorder requiring professional treatment, and for this reason the diagnosis of depression is correspondingly less common. Some linguistic communities do not have a word or even a concept to talk or think about ‘depression’, and many people from traditional societies with what may be construed as depression present instead with physical complaints such as fatigue, headache, or chest pain. Punjabi women who have recently immigrated to the UK and given birth find it baffling that a health visitor should pop round to ask them if they are depressed. Not only had they never considered the possibility that giving birth could be anything other than a joyous event, but they do not even have a word with which to translate the concept of ‘depression’ into Punjabi. In modern societies such as the UK and the USA, people talk about depression more readily and more easily. As a result, they are more likely to interpret their distress in terms of depression, and also more likely to seek out a diagnosis of the illness. At the same time, groups with vested interests such as pharmaceutical companies and mental health experts promote the notion of saccharine happiness as a natural, default state, and of human distress as a mental disorder. The concept of depression as a mental disorder may be useful for the more severe and intractable cases treated by hospital psychiatrists, but probably not for the majority of cases, which, for the most part, are mild and short-lived and easily interpreted in terms of life circumstances, human nature, or the human condition. Another (non-mutually exclusive) explanation for the important geographical variations in the prevalence of depression may lie in the nature of modern societies, which have become increasingly individualistic and divorced from traditional values. For many people living in our society, life can seem both suffocating and far removed, lonely even and especially among the multitudes, and not only meaningless but absurd. By encoding their distress in terms of a mental disorder, our society may be subtly implying that the problem lies not with itself but with them, fragile and failing individuals that they are. Of course, many people prefer to buy into this reductive, physicalist explanation than, presumably, to confront their existential angst. But thinking of unhappiness in terms of an illness or chemical imbalance can be counterproductive, as it can prevent us from identifying and addressing the important psychological or life problems that are at the root of our distress. All this is not to say that the concept of depression as a mental disorder is bogus, but only that the diagnosis of depression has been over-extended to include far more than just depression the mental disorder. If, like the majority of medical conditions, depression could be defined and diagnosed according to its aetiology or pathology—that is, according to its physical cause or effect—such a state of affairs could not have arisen. Unfortunately, depression cannot as yet be defined according to its aetiology or pathology, but only according to its clinical manifestations and symptoms. Given this, a physician cannot base a diagnosis of depression on any objective criterion such as a blood test or a brain scan, but only on his subjective interpretation of the nature and severity of the patient’s symptoms; if some of these symptoms appear to tally with the diagnostic criteria for depression, then, bingo, the physician is able to justify a diagnosis of depression. One important problem here is that the definition of ‘depression’ is circular: the concept of depression is defined according to the symptoms of depression, which are in turn defined according to the concept of depression. For this reason, it is impossible to be certain that the concept of depression maps onto any distinct disease entity, particularly since a diagnosis of depression can apply to anything from mild depression to depressive psychosis and depressive stupor, and overlap with several other categories of mental disorder including dysthymia, adjustment disorders, and anxiety disorders. One of the consequences of our ‘menu of symptoms‘ approach to diagnosing depression is that two people with absolutely no symptoms in common (not even depressed mood) can both end up with the same unitary diagnosis of depression. For this reason especially, the concept of depression as a mental disorder has been charged with being little more than a socially constructed dustbin for all manner of human suffering. Let us grant, as the orthodoxy has it, that every person inherits a certain complement of genes that make him more or less vulnerable to entering a state that could be diagnosed as depression (and let us also refer to this state as ‘the depressive position’ to include the entire continuum of clinical depression and other states of depressed mood). A person enters the depressive position if the amount of stress that he or she comes under is greater than the amount of stress that he or she can tolerate, given the complement of genes that he or she has inherited. Genes for potentially debilitating disorders gradually pass out of a population over time because affected people have, on average, fewer children or fewer healthy children than non-affected people. The fact that this has not happened for clinical depression suggests that the genes responsible are being maintained despite their potentially debilitating effects on a significant proportion of the population, and thus that they are conferring an important adaptive advantage. There are other instances of genes that both predispose to an illness and confer an important adaptive advantage. In sickle cell disease, for example, red blood cells assume a rigid sickle shape that restricts their passage through tiny blood vessels. This leads to a number of serious physical complications and, in traditional or historical societies, to a radically shortened life expectancy. At the same time, carrying just one allele of the sickle cell gene (‘sickle cell trait’) makes it impossible for malarial parasites to reproduce in red blood cells, and thereby confers immunity to malaria. The fact that the gene for sickle cell disease is particularly common in populations from malarial regions suggests that, at least in evolutionary terms, a debilitating illness in the few can be a price worth paying for an important adaptive advantage in the many. What important adaptive advantage could the depressive position be conferring? Just as physical pain has evolved to signal injury and to prevent further injury, so the depressive position may have evolved to remove us from distressing, damaging, or futile situations. The time and space and solitude that the adoption of the depressive position affords prevents us from making rash decisions, enables us to see the bigger picture, and – in the context of being a social animal – to reassess our social relationships, think about those who are significant to us, and relate to them more meaningfully and with greater compassion. In other words, the depressive position may have evolved as a signal that something is seriously wrong and needs working through and changing or, at least, processing and understanding. Sometimes we can become so immersed in the humdrum of our everyday lives that we no longer have time to think and feel about ourselves, and so lose sight of our bigger picture. The adoption of the depressive position can force us to cast off the Polyannish optimism and rose-tinted spectacles that shield us from reality, stand back at a distance, re-evaluate and prioritise our needs, and formulate a modest but realistic plan for fulfilling them. Although the adoption of the depressive position can serve such a mundane purpose, it can also enable us to develop a more refined perspective and deeper understanding of ourselves, of our lives, and of life in general. From an existential standpoint, the adoption of the depressive position obliges us to become aware of our mortality and freedom, and challenges us to exercise the latter within the framework of the former. By meeting this difficult challenge, we are able to break out of the mould that has been imposed upon us, discover who we truly are, and, in so doing, begin to give deep meaning to our lives. Many of the most creative and insightful people in society suffer or suffered from depression or a state that may have been diagnosed as depression. They include the politicians Winston Churchill and Abraham Lincoln; the poets Charles Baudelaire, Elizabeth Bishop, Hart Crane, Emily Dickinson, Sylvia Plath, and Rainer Maria Rilke; the thinkers Michel Foucault, William James, John Stuart Mill, Isaac Newton, Friedrich Nietzsche, and Arthur Schopenhauer; and the writers Charles Dickens, William Faulkner, Graham Greene, Leo Tolstoy, Evelyn Waugh, and Tennessee Williams, and many, many others. To quote Marcel Proust, who himself suffered from depression, ‘Happiness is good for the body, but it is grief which develops the strengths of the mind.’ You see, people in the depressive position are often stigmatised as ‘failures’ or ‘losers’. Of course, nothing could be further from the truth. If these people are in the depressive position, it is most probably because they have tried too hard or taken on too much, so hard and so much that they have made themselves ‘ill with depression’. In other words, if these people are in the depressive position, it is because their world was simply not good enough for them. They wanted more, they wanted better, and they wanted different, not just for themselves, but for all those around them. So if they are failures or losers, this is only because they set the bar far too high. They could have swept everything under the carpet and pretended, as many people do, that all is for the best in the best of possible worlds. But unlike many people, they had the honesty and the strength to admit that something was amiss, that something was not quite right. So rather than being failures or losers, they are just the opposite: they are ambitious, they are truthful, and they are courageous. And that is precisely why they got ‘ill’. To make them believe that they are suffering from some chemical imbalance in the brain and that their recovery depends solely or even mostly on popping pills is to do them a great disfavour: it is to deny them the precious opportunity not only to identify and address important life problems, but also to develop a deeper and more refined appreciation of themselves and of the world around them—and therefore to deny them the opportunity to fulfil their highest potential as human beings. Neel Burton, M.D. Posted in Guest ArticlesTagged Attorneys, Can Depression be Good for You?, daniel lukasik, depression, diagnosing depression, DSM, Judges, law students, Lawyers, lawyerswithdepression.com, Legal profession, mental illness, Neel Burton Attorney Stuart Mauney Advocates for Mental AwarenessWhy Spring Depression and Anxiety?	cc/2020-05/en_head_0067.json.gz/line354
__label__wiki	0.975634	0.975634	The Public Bodies (Joint Working) (Prescribed Health Board Functions) (Scotland) Regulations 2014 Policy Note Previous: Signature Open Instrument without Schedules This schedule has no associated Policy Notes Functions prescribed for the purposes of section 1(6) of the Act The National Health Service (Scotland) Act 1978(1) All functions of Health Boards conferred by, or by virtue of, the National Health Service (Scotland) Act 1978. Except functions conferred by or by virtue of— section 2(7) (Health Boards); section 9(2) (local consultative committees); section 17A(3) (NHS contracts); section 17C(4) (personal medical or dental services); section 17J(5) (Health Boards’ power to enter into general medical services contracts); section 28A(6) (remuneration for Part II services); section 48(7) (residential and practice accommodation); section 57(8) (accommodation and services for private patients); section 64(9) (permission for use of facilities in private practice); section 79(10) (purchase of land and moveable property); section 86(11) (accounts of Health Boards and the Agency); section 88(12) (payment of allowances and remuneration to members of certain bodies connected with the health services); paragraphs 4, 5, 11A and 13 of Schedule 1(13) (Health Boards); and functions conferred by— The National Health Service (Clinical Negligence and Other Risks Indemnity Scheme) (Scotland) Regulations 2000(14); The Health Boards (Membership and Procedure) (Scotland) Regulations 2001(15), The National Health Service (Primary Medical Services Performers Lists) (Scotland) Regulations 2004(16); The National Health Service (Primary Medical Services Section 17C Agreements) (Scotland) Regulations 2004 (17) The National Health Service (General Ophthalmic Services) (Scotland) Regulations 2006(18); The National Health Service (Discipline Committees) (Scotland) Regulations 2006(19); The National Health Service (Appointment of Consultants) (Scotland) Regulations 2009(20); The National Health Service (Pharmaceutical Services) (Scotland) Regulations 2009(21); and The National Health Service (General Dental Services) (Scotland) Regulations 2010(22). Disabled Persons (Services, Consultation and Representation) Act 1986(23) (persons discharged from hospital) Community Care and Health (Scotland) Act 2002(24) All functions of Health Boards conferred by, or by virtue of, the Community Care and Health (Scotland) Act 2002. Mental Health (Care and Treatment) (Scotland) Act 2003(25) All functions of Health Boards conferred by, or by virtue of, the Mental Health (Care and Treatment) (Scotland) Act 2003. Except functions conferred by section 22 (approved medical practitioners). Education (Additional Support for Learning) (Scotland) Act 2004(26) (other agencies etc. to help in exercise of functions under this Act) Public Health etc. (Scotland) Act 2008(27) (duty of Health Boards to protect public health) (joint public health protection plans) Public Services Reform (Scotland) Act 2010(28) All functions of Health Boards conferred by, or by virtue of, the Public Services Reform (Scotland) Act 2010. Except functions conferred by— section 31(Public functions: duties to provide information on certain expenditure etc.); and section 32 (Public functions: duty to provide information on exercise of functions). Patient Rights (Scotland) Act 2011(29) All functions of Health Boards conferred by, or by virtue of, the Patient Rights (Scotland) Act 2011. 1978 c.29. As relevantly amended by the National Health Service and Community Care Act 1990 (c.19), section 29(5) and the Health Act 1999 (c.8), Schedule 4. Section 17A was inserted by the National Health Service and Community Care Act 1990 (c.19) and was relevantly amended by the National Health Service (Primary Care) Act 1997 (c.46), Schedule 2; the Health Act 1999 (c.8), Schedules 4 and 5; the Health and Social Care (Community Health and Standards) Act 2003 (c.43), Schedule 14; the Public Services Reform (Scotland) Act 2010 (asp 8), schedule 17; and the Health and Social Care Act 2012 (c.7), Schedule 21. Section 17C was inserted by the National Health Service (Primary Care) Act 1997 (c.46), section 21 and relevantly amended by the Primary Medical Services (Scotland) Act 2004 (asp 1), section 2. Section 17J was inserted by the Primary Medical Services (Scotland) Act 2004 (asp 1), section 4. Section 28A was inserted by the Health Act 1999 (c.8), section 57. The functions of the Secretary of State under section 48 are conferred on Health Boards by virtue of S.I. 1991/570. Section 57 was substituted by the Health and Medicines Act 1988 (c.49), section 7(11), and relevantly amended by the National Health Service and Community Care Act 1990 (c.19), Schedules 9 and 10. The functions of the Secretary of State under section 57 are conferred on Health Boards by virtue of S.I. 1991/570. As relevantly amended by the Health and Social Services and Social Security Adjudications Act 1983 (c.41), Schedule 7. National Health Service and Community Care Act 1990 (c.19), Schedule 9, the Requirements of Writing (Scotland) Act 1995 (c.7), Schedule 5 and the National Health Service Reform (Scotland) Act 2004 (asp 7), schedule 1. The functions of the Secretary of State under section 79 are conferred on Health Boards by virtue of S.I. 1991/570. As relevantly amended by the National Health Service and Community Care Act 1990 (c.19), section 36(6) and the Public Finance and Accountability (Scotland) Act 2000 (asp 1), schedule 4. The functions of the Secretary of State under section 88(1)(e) and (2)(d) are conferred on Health Boards by virtue of S.I. 1991/570. There are no amendments to section 88 relevant to the exercise of these functions by a Health Board. Paragraph 4 of Schedule 4 was substituted by the Health Boards (Membership and Elections) (Scotland) Act 2009 (asp 5), schedule 1. Paragraph 5 of Schedule 1 was amended, and paragraph 11A of Schedule 1 inserted, by the Health Services Act 1980 (c.53), Schedule 6. S.S.I. 2000/54; to which there are amendments not relevant to the exercise of a Health Board’s functions . S.S.I. 2001/302; to which there are amendments not relevant to the exercise of a Health Board’s functions. S.S.I. 2004/114; as relevantly amended by S.S.I. 2004/216; S.S.I. 2006/136; S.S.I. 2007/207 and S.S.I. 2011/392. S.S.I. 2004/116; as relevantly amended by S.S.I. 2004/217; S.S.I. 2010/395; and S.S.I. 2011/55. S.S.I. 2006/135; as relevantly amended by S.S.I. 2007/193; S.S.I. 2010/86; S.S.I. 2010/378 and S.S.I. 2013/355. S.S.I. 2006/330; amended by S.S.I 2009/183; S.S.I. 2009/308; S.S.I. 2010/226; S.I. 2010/231 and S.S.I. 2012/36. S.S.I. 2009/183; as relevantly amended by S.S.I. 2009/209; S.S.I. 2011/32; and S.S.I. 2014/148. S.S.I. 2010/208, as relevantly amended by S.S.I. 2004/292 and S.S.I 2010/378. 1986 c.33; section 7 is relevantly amended by S.I. 2013/2341. 2002 asp 5. 2003 asp 13. Policy Note sets out a brief statement of the purpose of a Scottish Statutory Instrument and provides information about its policy objective and policy implications. They aim to make the Scottish Statutory Instrument accessible to readers who are not legally qualified and accompany any Scottish Statutory Instrument or Draft Scottish Statutory Instrument laid before the Scottish Parliament from July 2012 onwards. Prior to this date these type of notes existed as ‘Executive Notes’ and accompanied Scottish Statutory Instruments from July 2005 until July 2012.	cc/2020-05/en_head_0067.json.gz/line356
__label__wiki	0.740857	0.740857	Deregulation Act 2015 Previous: Part Next: Part Changes over time for: PART 4 Deregulation Act 2015, PART 4 is up to date with all changes known to be in force on or before 29 January 2020. There are changes that may be brought into force at a future date. Changes that have been made appear in the content and are referenced with annotations. Changes and effects yet to be applied to Schedule 1 Part 4: specified provision(s) amendment to earlier commencing SI 2015/994 art. 13 Sch. by S.I. 2015/1405 art. 2(3) PART 4 E+W+STransitional provision 28E+W+SThe provision that may be included in an order under section 115(9) in connection with the coming into force of paragraph 1 of this Schedule includes provision— (a)for work done by a person under an arrangement described in the order to be treated as work done under an approved English apprenticeship within the meaning of the Apprenticeships, Skills, Children and Learning Act 2009, where the person begins to work under the arrangement before the paragraph comes into force and continues to do so (for any period) afterwards; (b)for a standard published by the Secretary of State before the paragraph comes into force, in connection with work that by virtue of provision made under paragraph (a) is treated as work done under an approved English apprenticeship, to be treated as if it were an approved apprenticeship standard published under section A2 of the 2009 Act in relation to the approved English apprenticeship. I1Sch. 1 para. 28 in force for certain purposes at Royal Assent, see s. 115 PrintThis Part only PDF This Part only Web page This Part only Impact Assessments generally accompany all UK Government interventions of a regulatory nature that affect the private sector, civil society organisations and public services. They apply regardless of whether the regulation originates from a domestic or international source and can accompany primary (Acts etc) and secondary legislation (SIs). An Impact Assessment allows those with an interest in the policy area to understand: Why the government is proposing to intervene; The main options the government is considering, and which one is preferred; How and to what extent new policies may impact on them; and, The estimated costs and benefits of proposed measures.	cc/2020-05/en_head_0067.json.gz/line357
__label__cc	0.677463	0.322537	Here we are, once again, with the weekly round-up of events to come. – Monday, 30 October, 6:00PM : Friends Divided: John Adams and Thomas Jefferson is the latest work by Pulitzer Prize-winning author Gordon S. Wood of Brown University, who will speak about his book and the relationship between these two founding fathers. A reception precedes the talk at 5:30PM and the speaking program begins at 6:00PM. THIS TALK IS SOLD OUT! – Wednesday, 1 November, 12:00PM : Start off the new month right with a lunchtime Brown Bag talk. Join us as Kabria Baumgartner of University of New Hampshire presents “Equal School Rights: Black Girlhood and School Desegregation in Antebellum Massachusetts.” This project looks at some of the integral players in the fight to desegregate public schools in Massachusetts before the Civil War. They authored anti-descrimination pamphlets, helped to organize boycotts, and wrote missives against racial prejudice. As the campaign grew, so did the activist network that bound together African American women, men, and children, as well as their allies across the state. This talk is free and open to the public. – Saturday, 4 November, 10:00AM : The History and Collections of the MHS tour is a 90-minute docent-led walk through our public rooms. The tour is free, open to the public, with no need for reservations. If you would like to bring a larger party (8 or more), please contact Curator of Art Anne Bentley at 617-646-0508 or abentley@masshist.org. While you’re here you will also have the opportunity to view our current exhibition: Yankees in the West. – Saturday, 4 November, 11:00AM : Experience revolutionary politics “indoors” and “out-of-doors” as it would have happened 250 years ago. Participate in a live reenactment at Faneuil Hall of a Boston town meeting; join the discussion as local citizens argue over whether or not to stop importing British goods; and join a rowdy procession of laboring-class Bostonians from Faneuil Hall to the Old State House as they express their disapproval of British trade policies in a rather colorful and intimidating way. The Devil and the Crown is being offered as a joint program of Boston National Historical Park, Minute Man National Historical Park, The Bostonian Society, and Revolution 250, a program of the MHS. Admission is free to all! For more information, please contact Jim Hollister at 978-318-7829 or jim_hollister@nps.gov. Fornication as Crime in 18th-Century Massachusetts By Brendan Kieran, Reader Services While the MHS is not home to a large collection of court records, I recently viewed two items we do hold relating to fornication in 18th-century Massachusetts. These materials concern judicial proceedings that were separated by nearly sixty years, but provide interesting glimpses into the criminalization of sex in colonial Massachusetts. Through further investigation, I learned more about the ways the judicial system addressed sexuality during this period, including the significance of race and gender within the system. A small collection of Barnstable County (Mass.) legal documents includes one “memorandum of presentments to the Court of General Sessions of the Peace.” This January 1702 document, which bears the signature of foreman Daniel Parker, notes two cases of unlicensed sale of liquor, one case of profaning the Sabbath, and two cases of fornication. The people accused of fornication are Sarah [Backer?] and [Mercy Chase,] both of whom were married at the time; each supposedly engaged in “fornication some time in 1702.” A Grand Jury presentment, 1 January 1760, located in our Miscellaneous Bound Manuscripts collection, notes an accusation against Ann Frost, a Boston resident who supposedly engaged in fornication on 1 November 1758. The man involved was “to the jurors unknown.” Frost had a child out of wedlock, “against the peace of our said lord the king and the laws in that case provided.” This presentment bears the signature of foreman John Spooner and was created for a Court of General Sessions of the Peace for Suffolk County-ordered grand jury. In Regulating Passion: Sexuality and Patriarchal Rule in Massachusetts, 1700-1830 (Oxford: Oxford University Press, 2014), Kelly A. Ryan (a former Andrew W. Mellon fellow at the MHS) writes that, during the 18th century, white women became the main targets of fornication charges in the Massachusetts judicial system, while punishment of men for fornication dwindled beginning in the mid-17th century as sex outside of marriage came to be seen as a legal issue for women, not men (13-14, 21-23). Additionally, for much of the 17th-century colonial period, “premarital sex” was the main cause of fornication charges; however, in the late 1600s and early 1700s, men increasingly ceased to face judicial consequences for premarital sex (22-23). Also beginning in the late 1600s and extending through the 18th century, “nonmarital sex” became more common among fornication charges against women, as “the court and communities were especially concerned with remedying the problem of disorderly white women” (23-24). These charges were used to justify patriarchal control of white women; however, women accused of fornication did find ways to push back, including by resisting attempts of justices of the peace to elicit names of men involved (13-15, 30-32). Engagement with the justice system for sex crimes did not look the same for men and women of color as it did for white people, though. According to Ryan, African Americans faced fornication charges in the 17th century, but African Americans and Indians experienced increasingly fewer such prosecutions during the 18th century (74-75, 77). This lack of prosecutions served to uphold white patriarchy by preventing white men from facing consequences for sexual contact with women who were enslaved while denying women of color agency and preventing African American men from being able to seek paternal rights (74, 78, 82). White women faced legal consequences for fornication with African American men, along with social disapproval for sex with Indian men; these actions were intended to enforce the notion that white women should be with white men (78-79, 82). Ultimately, according to Ryan, “[g]overnment prosecutions promoted white men’s sexual authority, partnerships between white women and white men, and the removal of paternal and sexual rights for men and women of color” (82). Feel free to visit the MHS library if you would be interested in viewing materials in our collections. The library is open Monday through Saturday! “The pretty little place was burnt to the ground”: The Destruction of Darien, Georgia We feel very badly that you were compelled to take part, through your men, in the destruction of Darien, & fully sympathize in the sentiments you express. I sincerely hope that as Genl Hunter has been relieved, there may be a modification of the policy which caused the perpetration of such a deed, & that you may not be obliged again to participate in anything so repugnant to you. This excerpt comes from a letter written by Francis G. Shaw to his son Robert Gould Shaw on 23 June 1863, part of the Shaw-Minturn family papers at the MHS. Twelve days earlier, the 54th Massachusetts Infantry, the African-American regiment Robert commanded, had participated with other troops in a raid on the town of Darien in southeast Georgia. Unfortunately, our collection doesn’t include Robert’s original letter, but Francis was probably replying to the one Robert wrote to his wife Annie the day after the raid, which she sent on to his parents. Robert’s letter to Annie has been printed in Blue-Eyed Child of Fortune (1992) and other publications. According to his account, when Union troops arrived at Darien, they found the place all but deserted. James Montgomery, colonel of the 2nd South Carolina Infantry (another black regiment) and post commander, had the furniture, livestock, and other movable property confiscated, then smiled “a sweet smile” at Shaw and said, “I shall burn this town.” Shaw explained: I told him, “I did not want the responsibility of it,” and he was only too happy to take it all on his shoulders; so the pretty little place was burnt to the ground, and not a shed remains standing; Montgomery firing the last buildings with his own hand. One of my companies assisted in it, because he ordered them out, and I had to obey. You must bear in mind, that not a shot had been fired at us from this place, and that there were evidently very few men left in it. All the inhabitants (principally women and children) had fled on our approach, and were no doubt watching the scene from a distance. […] The reasons he gave me for destroying Darien were, that the Southerners must be made to feel that this was a real war, and that they were to be swept away by the hand of God, like the Jews of old. In theory it may seem all right to some, but when it comes to being made the instrument of the Lord’s vengeance, I myself don’t like it. Then he says, “We are outlawed, and therefore not bound by the rules of regular warfare”; but that makes it none the less revolting to wreak our vengeance on the innocent and defenceless. Shaw called it a “dirty piece of business” and “as abominable a job as I ever had a share in.” He hated “to degenerate into a plunderer and robber. […] There was not a deed performed, from beginning to end, which required any pluck or courage.” He also feared the raid would damage the reputation of black soldiers. Montgomery’s actions were “barbarous” and gratuitous, he thought, and made him no better than notorious Confederate raider Raphael Semmes. But disobeying orders would have meant a court-martial. Shaw lamented, “after going through the hard campaigning and hard fighting in Virginia, this makes me very much ashamed of myself.” Luis F. Emilio, another officer of the 54th, wrote about the Darien raid 28 years later in his history of the regiment. Emilio also described the beauty of the town, as well as the looting and destruction carried out by Union troops. But while Shaw’s account was thoughtful and conflicted, Emilio’s was a little more clinical and didn’t address the ethical questions. Robert Gould Shaw and many other men of the 54th Regiment were killed during the assault on Fort Wagner just a few weeks after the destruction of Darien. Another letter in the Shaw-Minturn collection, written by Rev. Phillips Brooks, summarizes Shaw’s legacy. Brooks wrote to Robert’s mother on 17 Nov. 1892: “Indeed, he belongs to all of us, & to the country, & to history.” It’s another busy week here at the Society with a nice selection of public programs happening. Here’s what is coming up; – Monday 23 October, 12:00PM : Pack your lunch and stop by for a Brown Bag talk with Laura McCoy of Northwestern University. “‘Let it be your resolution to be happy’: Women’s Emotion Work in the Early Republic” explores the everyday realities of expressing and managing emotions as a foundation of daily labors – emotion work – and helps us understand women’s actions and self-perceptions in the early republic. This talk is free and open to the public. – Monday, 23 October, 6:00PM : “Advise & Dissent?” is a conversation that examines the role of public history in modern life. This compelling panel discussion is open to the public and registration is required with a fee of $10 (no charge for MHS Members or Fellows). Pre-talk reception takes place at 5:30PM followed by the speaking program at 6:00PM. – Tuesday, 24 October, 5:15PM : Join us for the next installment of the Modern American Society and Culture seminar series. Led by Jennifer Way of the University of North Texas, “Allaying Terror: Domesticating Artisan Refugees in South Vietnam, 1956” explores the publication of photographs of North Vietnam refugee artisans in English-language mass print media. They aimed at resettling and domesticating the refugees while diminishing white American middle-class anxieties about the potential spread of communism in South Vietnam, a place Sen. John F. Kennedy pronounced “the cornerstone of the Free World in Southeast Asia.” Commen is provided by Robert Lee of Brown University. Seminars are free and open to the public; RSVP required. Subscribe to receive advance copies of the seminar papers. THIS EVENT IS CANCELED DUE TO ILLNESS. – Wednesday, 25 October, 12:00PM : The second Brown Bag talk this week is given by Nancy Siegel of Towson University, and is called “Political Appetites: Revolution, Taste, and Culinary Activism in the Early Republic.” Culinary activists furthered republican values in the revolutionary era as part of a political and cultural ideology. They developed a culinary vocabulary expressed in words and actions such as the refusal to consume politically charged comestibles, like imported tea, and the celebration of a national horticulture. Through these choices, they established a culinary discourse involving food, political culture, and national identity from the Stamp Act to the early republic. This talk is free and open to the public. – Wednesday, 25 October, 6:00PM : “Weird and Worrisome” is a special walking tour of Jamaica Plain. All neigborhoods have secrets but some are stranger than others. In this event, participants will stop at sites of anarchist robberies, stuffed elephants, and a nervine asylum and hear tales of trainwrecks and things that lurk beneath the surfact of Jamaica Pond. The tour is hosted in collaboration with the Emerald Necklace Conservancy and Jamaics Plain Historical Society. THIS TOUR IS SOLD OUT! – Saturday, 28 October, 10:00AM : The History and Collections of the MHS is a 90-minute, docent-led walk through the public spaces of the Society’s home at 1154 Boylston St. The tour is free and open to the public with no need for reservations for individuals or small groups. If you would like to bring a larger party (8 or more), please contact Curator of Art Anne Bentley at 617-646-0508 or abentley@masshist.org. While you’re here you will also have the opportunity to view our current exhibition, Yankees in the West. Gertrude Codman Carter’s Diary, October 1917 By Anna Clutterbuck-Cook, Reader Services Today we return to the 1917 diary of Gertrude Codman Carter. You may read the previous entries here: Introduction \| January \| February \| March \| April \| May June \| July \| August \| September October 1917 is a lean month in Gertrude’s records, possibly because of Gilbert Carter’s return home from his long absence while Gertrude was relocating the family to Ilaro. After a final, hurried day of preparation on October 1st, Gilbert and Wickham — the household servant who had traveled with him — arrive and are greeted in fine style by a “grand gala festival.” The sketch of her son, pasted over the entry for October 28th, has a faint inscription that seems to indicate that the drawing was made on the day of the visit to the photographer — an inference supported by the fact that John appears to be wearing the same outfit as he wore in the photograph pasted into the September pages of the diary. Oct 1. Paid servants & rushed on with G’s room. Mickey & I moved books, put up curtains, laid down mats. Gilbert (and Wickham) arrived. Grand gala festival. Mr. Soelyn came up & witnessed my will. Talked. Sketch of John Oct 28. G & I dined with Sir F. & Lady Clarke at the Crane. Festive occasion. Tea at the Challums. Laddy drove Mrs Gregg out & me in. 9 the [illegible]. We went to Bleak House. 4.15 Miss Burton stonework. All Hallow’e’en Fete at the MacClaren’s Fete in red [illegible.] As always, if you are interested in viewing the diary or letters yourself, in our library, or have other questions about the collection please visit the library or contact a member of the library staff for further assistance. Posted in From Our Collections Tagged From the Reference Librarian “Mark, Traveler, this humble stone”: Quaint and Curious Epitaphs of Copp’s Hill Burying Ground By Shelby Wolfe, Reader Services I find a visit to any of New England’s burying grounds fascinating year-round, but I consider treading among slate gravestones and timeworn monuments in October a quintessential New England experience. The leaves turn and fall, beautifully marking a transition from livelier months to the eventual stillness of winter. It’s a fitting setting to consider the lives and deaths of those memorialized on surrounding grave markers. In Historical Sketch of Copp’s Hill Burying-Ground with Descriptions and Quaint Epitaphs, published in 1909, John Norton provides an overview of Copp’s Hill in Boston and the burying ground’s gravestones. Norton begins with a history of Copp’s Hill, spanning its early days as “the North burying ground” through a time “when the well-to-do of Boston dwelt largely in the North End” to the end of the burying ground’s growth around 1832. The second half of this publication includes photographs and epitaphs of select gravestones and monuments. Hull Street Entrance, Copps Hill Burying Ground As I read through this Historical Sketch, I realized I neglect to spend as much time as I should to pause and read headstones as I walk through a graveyard. It’s a shame, because whether you appreciate some blunt wisdom from the grave or simply enjoy an eerie epitaph, these gravestones have you covered. Thankfully, John Norton mitigates my neglect with this compilation of “old epitaphs, many of them, as is usual in old burying-grounds, quaint and curious, some incoherent and ungrammatical.” Reading these lines on paper might not have the same effect as seeing them inscribed on their intended medium, but I found this publication a handy tool for noticing themes and considering intentions of particular inscriptions. Copps Hill Buyring Ground. (Central Part.) Norton includes his own commentary on certain epitaphs. He remarks, “Doubtless the oddest and most puzzling is that over the grave of Mrs. Ammey Hunt, who died in 1769. We have no clue to the neighborhood gossip hinted at in these peculiar lines: A sister of Sarah Lucas lieth here, Whom I did Love most Dear; And now her Soul hath took its Flight, And bid her Spightful Foes good Night. Norton continues, noting an “even more amusing…tradition connected with the following conventional stanza” on the stone of Mrs. Mary Huntley: Stop here my friends & cast an eye, As you are now, so once was I; As I am now, so you must be, Prepare for death and follow me. This reminder is a common theme of Copp’s Hill epitaphs, some phrased more motivationally than others: Susanna Gray, July 9, 1798,––42. Stranger as this spot you tread, And meditate upon the Dead; Improve the moments as they fly, For all that lives must shortly die. Mrs. Mary Harvey, died May 2, 1782, aged 63: Mark, Traveler, this humble stone ‘Tis death’s kind warning to prepare Thou too must hasten to the tomb And mingle with corruption there. Mrs. Hariot Jacobus, died, May 27, 1812, aged 20: Stop here my friends as you pass by, Therefore prepare to follow me. Others take a more resigned, if not foreboding, approach: Mrs. Mary Hughes, d. in 1765, aged 46: Time, What an empty vapour t’is, And days, how swift they flay: Our life is ever on the Wing, And Death is ever nigh. The Moment when our Lives begin, We all begin to die. Mrs. Sarah Collins, died March 29, 1771, aged 62: Be ye also Ready for you Know not the Day nor hour. Many epitaphs of younger women and children express themes of virtue and youth, imagery of fading flowers: Miss Mary Fitzgerald, died Sept. 30, 1787, aged 19: Virtue & youth just in the morning bloom With the fair Mary finds an early Tomb. John S. Johnson, died Sept. 9, 1829, aged 6: See the lovely blooming flower, Fades and withers in an hour So our transient comforts fly, Pleasure only bloom to die. Others offer a sort of rational wisdom to console mourners: Mrs. Deborah Blake, d. in 1791, aged 21 years: Friends as you pass, suppress the falling tear; You wish her out of heaven to wish her here. Mrs. Abigail Cogswell, died Jan. 19. 1782, aged 42: To those who for their loss are griev’d This Consolation’s given, They’re from a world of woe reliev’d We trust they’re now in heaven. If you have the opportunity, I encourage an autumn visit to Copp’s Hill and other historic New England burying grounds. While you take in the site and scenery, spend some time considering the lives and deaths of the individuals whose graves are marked. Read what they or their loved ones chose to be inscribed on their stones. For inspiration, historical sketches, and legible transcriptions of “ye ancient epitaphs,” as Norton writes, read more about visiting the library to work with Norton’s Historical Sketch of Copp’s Hill Burying-Ground and related material. Posted in From Our Collections Tagged Around the Neighborhood It’s a busy week here at the Society with programs galore for your enjoyment! Here is what’s coming in the week ahead: – Monday, 16 October, 12:00PM : The first Brown Bag talk this week features Hannah Anderson of the University of Pennsylvania and is called “‘Lived Botany’ : Settler Colonialism and Natural History in British North America.” Anderson contends that natural historians in early America frequently benefited from information and plants provided by non-elite colonists who relied upon a form of knowledge that she calls “lived botany.” Using methods inspired by material culture, household production, and more, “lived botany” shaped early American natural history, and facilitated settler colonialism by allowing colonists to adapt to new environments in the Atlantic world. This talk is free and open to the public. – Tuesday, 17 October, 5:30PM : The first seminar this week is part of the History of Women and Gender series. “Gender, Sexuality, and the New Labor History” is a panel discussion with Anne G. Balay of Haverford College, Aimee Loiselle of the University of Connecticut, and Traci L. Parker of Umass-Amherst, and moderated by Seth Rockman of Brown University. The “New Labor History” is highly gendered, global, and often situated in spaces that are transitory or obscured. This session will consider the new directions that the path-breaking work of these three scholars indicates. Please note that there are no pre-circulated essays for this session which takes place at Fay House, Radcliffe Institute. To RSVP, e-mail seminars@masshist.org or call 617-646-0579. – Wednesday, 18 October, 12:00PM : The second Brown Bag talk of the week is about a project by Heather Sanford of Brown University. “Palatable Slavery: Food, Race, and Freedom in the British Atlantic, 1620-1838” uses food in the British Atlantic to understand ideas about the body, race, and freedom. This talk is free and open to the public. – Thursday, 19 October, 5:30PM : “Chasing Your Subject: Traveling Biographers, Traveling Subjects,” part of the New England Biography series of seminars, is another panel discussion. This session features a discussion with Paul Fisher of Wellesley College, Charlotte Gordon of Endicott College, and author Sue Quinn, moderated by Civil War biographer Carol Bundy. What do biographers learn when they travel to distant parts and foreign countries in pursuit of their subjects? Is travel a necessary component to writing biography? And what challenges does a traveling subject present to a biographer? Come listen to these biographers talk about their experiences with such questions. To RSVP, e-mail seminars@masshist.org or call 617-646-0579. – Friday, 20 October, 2:00PM : “Looking West from the East” is a biographical sketch of Chiang Yee, artist, poet, lecturer, and best-selling author best known for his Silent Traveler books. Chiang was also good friends with historian, author, and Boston Athenaeum librarian Walt Whitehil, whose papers are at the MHS. This program offers a unique perspective on America and the immigrant experience as well as a glimpse into the life of the Silent Traveler through one of his closest friendships. Registration is required for this program at no cost. – Saturday, 21 October, 9:00AM : K-12 educators are invited “The Material Culture of Death.” In this workshop, participants will use documents and photographs from the Society’s collections to investigate spirit photography, the spiritualist movement, and other fascinating intersections of technology, faith, and grief. Registration is required for this event with a fee of $25. – Saturday, 21 October, 2:00PM : Join us for a talk with Peter Manseau, author of The Apparitionists: A Tale of Phantoms, Fraud, Photography, & the Man Who Captured Lincoln’s Ghost. The stories recounted by Manseau offer a view of our nation’s obsession with the afterlife and our reluctance to choose science over fantasy. This talk is open to the public free of charge, though registration is required. Finally, don’t forget to come in and check out our current exhibition! Yankees in the West is open to the public, free of charge. Meet Your Archivists! By Rakashi Chand, Reader Services October is Archives Month, and to celebrate our wonderful archivists, we would like to introduce them to you! Every day the very talented and skilled archivists of the MHS work tirelessly behind the scenes to ensure that theSociety’s collections are safe, properly preserved, well-organized, and accessible for use today and for future generations. To introduce them to you, we asked our archivists a few fun questions, and here are their answers: Collection Services: Katherine H. Griffin, Nora Saltonstall Preservation Librarian What is your favorite collection or your favorite item in the collection? Kathy: William Sturgis papers. Why did you become an Archivist? Kathy: I was in a “public history” master’s degree program at Northeastern University, thinking I wanted to work in museums, and I had an adjunct professor from the MHS. We had a tour of the MHS for one of the classes, and I was completely captivated by manuscripts and paper conservation. Several years later, a position came open at the MHS and Anne Bentley called me and told me to apply, which I did, and Voila! What is a fun fact about you? Kathy: I never wanted to live in a city, but now it’s hard to imagine living anywhere else. Peter Steinberg, Digital Projects Production Specialist Peter: The Wilder Dwight letter he wrote as he lay dying. Peter: For the benefits. Peter: I like All Bran. Reader Services: Alexandra Bush, Library Assistant Alex: It’s hard to choose a favorite, but one item from our collections that I really love is Christopher P. Cranch’s 1839 journal (part of the Christopher P. Cranch papers). It includes some great cartoons and rough doodles representing Cranch’s interest in the Transcendentalist movement. Perhaps the most noteworthy of these is an early sketch of Cranch’s famous “transparent eyeball” cartoon, which is based on a passage from Emerson’s Nature. (Here’s a link to the digitized version of the journal -> http://www.masshist.org/database/viewer.php?item_id=3279&mode=large&img_step=12#page12) Alex: I chose to become an archivist because I wanted an outlet for my love of history that allowed me to do my own research as well as help other people who also love history. I’m also really into organizing things! Alex: I’m an aspiring artist and also a dweeb who secretly loves video games. Favorite archival tool? Alex: The microspatula! Brendan Kieran, Library Assistant Brendan: One item I enjoyed working with, and writing about, this year is the volume of Cigar Factory Tobacco Strippers’ Union records, 1899-1904, that is included in the Society’s collection of Boston Central Labor Union (Mass.) records. It was exciting to read about some ways in which women in Boston organized and responded to their working conditions during that period. Eventually, I’d like to look through other items in this collection and learn more about union activities in late 19th– and early 20th-century Boston. Brendan: I gained my initial exposure to the field as an archives volunteer during my junior year of college. After I graduated, I sought out more opportunities in libraries and archives, and, as I gained more experience, I came to the conclusion that this was what I wanted to do long-term. Now I’m in library school, and I’m definitely happy that I chose this field! Brendan: My go-to fun fact is that I’m an identical twin! Erin Weinman, Library Assistant Erin: It is really hard to pick just one item, but I absolutely love our collection of Powder Horns from the American Revolution. The designs on the horns are so interesting to look at and make each one very unique. They always give such a unique perspective on the soldiers who fought during the war. They also show who can and cannot draw, which I think we can all relate to today! Erin: I absolutely love history, and I was very active in gaining experience in museums and archives growing up. I was introduced to public history in college which put a lot of emphasis on the importance archives had in the field. I knew right away that I wanted to be the person who assisted researchers in gaining access to archival records, create exhibits, and educate future historians. It has been very rewarding to work first-hand with materials and provide reference to such a diverse group of researchers. To me, there is nothing more important than having full access to our historical past! Erin: It is my goal to visit all of the National Parks in our country! I have been slowly making my way through the parks in the North East, but there are over 450 to visit! Dan Hinchen, Reference Librarian Dan: I can’t say that I have a single favorite. Usually, it is whatever collection/item I am currently working with. Recently, while working on a reference question, I did some digging through a small collection of Smith family papers. Included are some logbooks and account books kept by Capt. William Smith – apparently, the first ship captain to pilot a U. S. ship to Siam (Thailand), in 1818. Inside the volumes are several pencil drawings of various vessels, including a couple that depict the U. S. S. Constitution engaged in battle with the H. M. S. Gurriere, an event that was part of the War of 1812. Dan: After college I was working a few part-time jobs and not pursuing a career in biology. Library school is something that was suggested by a couple of people near and dear to me, and I liked the sound of working in archives as a profession. Ten years later and here I am! Dan: In the summertime I have a second life, my weekends lived in the kitchen of a small clam shack on Cape Cod. Fry or die! Now that you have had the chance to meet some of our archivists, come visit the MHS to meet more of our fascinating staff. We welcome questions about the MHS collections as well as the archival profession, and would be happy to tell you more! Email us at Library@masshist.org or call us with any questions at 617-646-0532. Happy Archives Month from all of us at the MHS! Posted in Uncategorized Tagged Around MHS What did an Adams kid do for fun? By Gwen Fries, Adams Papers When John Quincy Adams was 59 years old, he wrote a nostalgic letter to his cousin William Cranch in which he pined for their shared childhood. This led me to wonder something—if you were an Adams kid, what did you do for fun? John Adams’s absence from his family during this period provides a rich correspondence with their mother, Abigail, throughout which she describes the health and development of their “Little folks.” From Abigail’s letters, the children’s later reminiscences, and their skills evident as teenagers and adults, we can glean that Nabby, John Quincy, Charles, and Thomas passed most of their time with some combination of reading, shooting, chess, playing the flute, ice skating, keeping doves, and dancing. When she wasn’t needed for household chores, Nabby could be found reading, playing cards, and gossiping with her cousins about their crushes. It is also probable that she accompanied her younger brothers when they went fishing, as she later describes fishing with John and Abigail while in England, or when they went on long walks, as her father believed in fresh air and exercise for young girls. Along the way, Nabby also must have become proficient in chess, as in 1786 her husband admitted to losing a game of chess to her. Like their elder sister, John Quincy and Charles loved to read. When John wrote home from Philadelphia and asked the children what presents they would like him to send home, Abigail replied, “I call[ed] them seperately and told them Pappa wanted to send them something and requested of them what they would have. A Book was the answer of them all only Tom wanted a picture Book and Charlss the History of king and Queen. It was natural for them to think of a Book as that is the only present Pappa has been used to make them.” As they grew older, John Quincy and Charles went for long walks and swims together, went shooting and ice skating, and took flute and dancing lessons. Thomas, the youngest, enjoyed many of the same amusements of his older siblings, as evidenced by the necessity of abstaining from ice skating when he sustained a broken ankle. The “innocently playful” Thomas had an especially soft spot for animals. His aunt reported to Abigail, “Tom, a Rogue loves his Birds and his Doves, makes bad Lattin and says as he grows older he shall grow wiser.” When Thomas returned to live with Abigail, his aunt continued to send him reports of the animals. At fourteen, Thomas still appeared enamored with his pets, though John Quincy steered him towards more serious matters. His aunt wrote, “Thomas is A fine Lad, and does not run so often to look of his Doves in studying Hours, since Mr Adams has been here.” Though it appears inconceivable to have a normal childhood when the enemy army is a few miles up the road, ten-year-old John Quincy confessed to his father that his thoughts were “running after birds eggs play & trifles,” and five-year-old Thomas couldn’t wait until his father returned home so that they could get back to playing “jail.” It seems that even when the world is turning upside down and countries are being crafted, a kid is still a kid. Even an Adams kid. Posted in From Our Collections Tagged Adams Papers We start this week with a holiday but then begin rolling through programs for the rest of the month. Here is what the coming week holds: – Monday, 9 October, 10:00AM-3:00PM : MHS Open House. Visit the MHS and view Yankees in the West, an exhibition of letters, diaries, photographs, drawings, and artifacts that explores the ways New Englanders experienced the trans-Mississippi west in the late 19th and early 20th centuries. Free and open to the public, the open house is part of the Opening Our Doors celebration in the Fenway Cultural District. The Library is CLOSED on Monday, 9 October. Normal hours resume on Tuesday, 10 October. – Tuesday, 10 October, 5:15PM : Come on in for an Environmental History Seminar with James Rice of Tufts University, and commentor Christopher Parsons of Northeastern University. “Early American Environmental Histories” speaks to questions raised in a recent workshop at the Huntington on early American environmental history. How do timespan and scale change our understanding of historical relationships between people and their environments? What new light does environmental history shed on topics such as race, gender, or law? What can early Americanists contribute to the field of environmental history as a whole? Seminars are free and open to the public; RSVP required. Subscribe to receive advance copies of the seminar papers. To RSVP, click the link or call 617-646-0579. – Thursday, 12 October, 6:00PM : Steam Titans: Cunard, Collins and the Epic Battle for Commerce on the North Atlantic is the title of a recent work by William M. Fowler, Jr., of Northeastern University, as well as this author talk with Mr. Fowler. Steam Titans tells the story of a transatlantic fight to seize control of the globe’s most lucrative trade route. Two men—Samuel Cunard and Edward Knight Collins—and two nations wielded the tools of technology, finance, and politics to compete for control of a commercial lifeline that spanned the North Atlantic. This talk is open to the public and registration is required with a fee of $20 (no charge for MHS Members or Fellows). Reception begins at 5:30PM, followed by the speaking program at 6:00PM. – Friday, 13 October, 12:00PM : Pack up a lunch and come by at noon for a Brown Bag talk with Caylin Carbonell of the College of William and Mary. “Women and Household Authority in Colonial New England” interrogates women’s vertical and horizontal relationships with other members of their household, as well as their involvement in the daily operation of their homes, to show colonial households as contested spaces wherein authority was negotiated rather than assumed. This talk is free and open to the public. – Saturday, 14 October, 10:00AM : The History and Collections of the Massachusetts Historical Society Tour is a 90-minute docent-led walk through our public rooms. The tour is free, open to the public, with no need for reservations. If you would like to bring a larger party (8 or more), please contact Curator of Art Anne Bentley at 617-646-0508 or abentley@masshist.org.	cc/2020-05/en_head_0067.json.gz/line362
__label__wiki	0.629096	0.629096	Propeller Military/ Mastercraft Collection: A-1H Skyraider USN.. Coming as a response to the USN requirement for a new long-range, carrier-based bomber, the Skyraider was designed in the early 1940s by Ed Heinemann of Douglas Aircraft. The aircraft was meant to fill in the large whole to be left by the Helldiver and the Avenger. The initial model of the plane was designated as the XBT2D-1 which was first flown in March 1945. The USN began evaluating the plane a month after which eventually led to the plane�s military employment in 1949. The A-1H Skyraider, in particular, was powered by a 2,700hp Wright R-3350-26WA radial engine. It had a top speed of 322mph, a range of 1,144 nautical miles, and a climb rate of 2,850ft/min. Its armaments consist of about 8,000lbs of ordinance and four 20mm M2 cannons.	cc/2020-05/en_head_0067.json.gz/line363
__label__wiki	0.523442	0.523442	Metalheads Forever Magazine Home > CONTENT > Interview With Steelwings Interview With Steelwings Co-Editor by Keith Clement - April 10, 2019 May 9, 2019 3,501 It felt like coming home – Interview with Steelwings By Rainer Kerber When I received the promo information for the album “Back“, I first thought of a reunion of the Swedish True Metal band Steelwing from Nyköping. When listening, however, doubts immediately crept in. Because instead of melodic power metal old school Metal in the style of the 80s banged from the speakers. So, I quickly checked. It was the band Steelwings (with an “s” at the end). And to make the confusion complete, Steelwings are also from Sweden, but live more than 400 km from their (almost) namesakes in Laholm. The band was founded back in 1982 and has been active ever since, but with several interruptions. “Back” is the second album of the band and published about 30 years after the debut. The album blew me away so much I had to give it the top grade. Of course, I now was curious to get some background information about the musicians. – Hey, I’m Rainer and write for the webzine Keep On Rocking and Metalheads Forever Magazine. Thank you so much for making this interview with me. I hope you’re fine. Hi Rainer, I’m just fine and thank you so very much for writing about Steelwings. – Steelwings have intermittently existed for more than 30 years. However, I only recently heard of you. Please introduce yourself to the readers. Ok, yes it all started around 1981 with a vision I had to start a band dedicated to Hard Rock and Heavy Metal. It took some time to find the right people but 1982 Tommy, Michael and myself was in the band and we started to work hard, writing songs, recording demos and play live. Actually, our very first live gig was broadcasted on the radio. During time there have been some changes on drummer and bass player. In Sweden at this time there were no record company signing band singing in English, but we kept on working and sending tapes with our music. As a result of this 1983 we got the opportunity to go to England and record some songs for Ebony Records. ‘Live Your Life’ is featured on the ‘Metal Plated’ compilation. Then in the mid-eighties it started to happen in a big way for hard rock music in Sweden and we also got a record deal. To make a long story short, it took a very long time to record the album. And because of different legal causes it wasn’t released until 1989 which was way to late. There was some new music coming from Washington and Seattle so at this time no one was interested in classic Hard Rock / Heavy Metal. – The band was founded in 1982. The New Wave of British Heavy Metal (with bands like Iron Maiden, Saxon, Tygers of Pan Tang, and many more) had already passed its peak. Which bands did influence you most at that time? At this time there were so many good bands around. I can’t pick a few bands because we were influenced, more or less, by most of them. This was a great time for Hard Rock and Heavy Metal. – Your first creative period ended in 1992. A first attempt for reunion took place in 2007. The second reunion in 2010 appears more promising. You are still active. What were the reasons for the temporary split at the beginning of the 90s? Our kind of music was on its way down and after ten years of hard work we finally put the band to rest. At this time, I was also tired of the whole music business and started a company in the construction industry. – And what were the reasons for making music together again after such a long time? After twenty years I sold my company and suddenly I had time for making music again. It felt like coming home because this is what I love to do. I think it was the same for Tommy and Michael plus we had two new enthusiastic band members in Peter on bass and Marcus on drums. And of course, the music we love was still around and having a new young generation of followers. – Did you have to think long to produce a new album? After all, the music business has fundamentally changed and the sales of albums have fallen sharply in recent decades. I think around 2015 we decided to give Steelwings another serious go. We got together rehearsing, playing and writing new songs. At this time, we also got the opportunity to play at the festival ‘Muskelrock’ in Sweden. This was all great, but we felt that we needed some kind of goal. So we said “Why don’t we try to make another record”. Of course, we were aware that the music business had changed but we didn’t do it believing we would sell a lot of records. We did it for the love of the music. The work began with writing new songs and recording demos. We tried hard to get a record deal but without success, so we decided to record the album by ourselves. Finally, we had fourteen songs recorded and mixed. Both new songs and some older songs. The decision was right, now it was much easier to get a deal. 2018 we signed a deal with Sliptrick Records for releasing ‘Back’ worldwide. It took some time but now it’s finally released. – And I think it was worth it. With “Back” you have released a great second album, which got the highest mark of 10 from me. But why did it take another nine years after the reunion to complete the album? When we first started to get together, we had no actual plan. We were just happy seeing each other now then. We all had different commitments and there were also some very private things happening. The most important thing was to do it in a way that suited us all. And because of this the recording took some time. We started at the end of 2016 and the final mix was done in the beginning of 2018. Then it took some time to get the record deal. But now we have finally reached our goal !! – The album title “Back” says it very clearly. Your sound goes back to your early days. The individual songs sound authentic to Oldschool Hard Rock and Heavy Metal. Why did you choose this retro sound? We didn’t really choose this sound. We just went on writing songs and it came out this way. A part of this is of course that some songs were written back in the eighties. – Despite the 80s Feelings the songs sound fresh, the album is powerful and modern produced. I wrote in my review: “‘Back’ is probably one of the most authentic 80s metal album of the present.” How did you manage this balancing act between old school and modernity? Again, we didn’t plan anything in detail. We just went with the flow. Of course, I had an idea where to go during recording and producing the record. I felt when listening to records that come out today, they are all perfectly produced and recorded. But for me, many of them sounds the same. So the idea was to use todays recording and mixing technique but don’t do everything 100% perfect. I mean this is Rock’n’Roll and Rock’n’Roll is not meant to be perfect. – I can imagine that your songs can also provide a great atmosphere on live stages. Are you planning to have live performances in Europe for the near future? Honestly, we are not planning for any live shows at the moment. We will wait and see how the record is going. Would like to play festivals but 2019 season of festivals was booked up before our record came out. We’ll wait until the end of the summer before start booking gigs. Hopefully we can support bigger bands. We will then concentrate on the 2020 festival season. But you never know, if the right gig turns up, of course we will take it. – Thanks again for this interview. Would you like to say something to your fans at the end? Our old fans know who we are and where we come from but too many younger rockers, we are a “new” band. I hope all will give Steelwings a chance and listening to our new record ‘Back’. We also hope the fans will help us by getting the physical record and not just streaming it on Spotify. I mean, Spotify is great but come on…it’s nothing compared with the feeling of having a real record in your hand. Keep up the good work with supporting not just Steelwings but all great Hard Rock / Heavy Metal out there. Thanks you all!!! MHF Magazine/Rainer Kerber Tagged #RainerKerber #Steelwings interviews Co-Editor by "Keith Clement" Contact : Facebook @ Keith Clement Battle Beast Interview Interview With SkyEye MHF LAST CONTENTS STEVE VON TILL: Neurosis Guitarist/Vocalist Announces Special Performance At Fire In The Mountains Festival ZEVIOUS Announces March Mini-Tour With Dysrhythmia; Lowlands LP By NYC Instrumental Avant-Metal Trio Out Now On Nefarious Industries ORPHAN DONOR: “Pole Disdain” Now Playing At Cvlt Nation; Solo Project Of Secret Cutter Drummer To Release Old Patterns Full-Length In March OVO: ITALIAN RADICALS RELEASE APOCALYPTIC DANCE TRACK “YOU LIVING LIE” FROM UPCOMING, NINTH ALBUM, “MIASMA”; EUROPEAN TOUR BEGINS IN FEBRUARY Lich King Tour Announcement MHF FACEBOOK GROUP We are fans of all genres and subgenres of Metal... \m/ MHF MAGAZINE OFFICIAL FACEBOOK PAGE Metalheads Forever Magazine - Official MHF SOCIAL MEDIA MHF CONTENTS CONTENT (1,668) CD REVIEWS (566) MHF ARCHIVES MHF ARCHIVES Select Month January 2020 (45) December 2019 (98) November 2019 (116) October 2019 (30) September 2019 (82) August 2019 (46) July 2019 (42) June 2019 (78) May 2019 (53) April 2019 (87) March 2019 (123) February 2019 (123) January 2019 (42) December 2018 (52) November 2018 (73) October 2018 (68) September 2018 (39) August 2018 (29) July 2018 (47) June 2018 (105) May 2018 (107) April 2018 (36) March 2018 (120) February 2018 (67) January 2018 (25) December 2017 (24) November 2017 (30) October 2017 (27) September 2017 (27) August 2017 (33) July 2017 (32) June 2017 (32) May 2017 (29) April 2017 (28) March 2017 (21) February 2017 (37) January 2017 (23) December 2016 (35) November 2016 (35) October 2016 (32) September 2016 (49) August 2016 (29) July 2016 (12) © 2020 METALHEADS FOREVER MAGAZINE / Owner ; David Maloney & Creative @ Serhan Ustunol	cc/2020-05/en_head_0067.json.gz/line368
__label__wiki	0.89623	0.89623	ED LEAVES FOR NEW YORK Saturday, September 21, 2019 NewsdzeZimbabwe 0 President Mnangagwa left for New York last night for the 74th Ordinary Session of United Nations General Assembly where the country’s focus would be on discussions around climate change. In his address to the nation last night the President said the country would also use the platform to call for the removal of the illegal sanctions imposed on Zimbabwe. “I shall be leaving for the United States of America where Zimbabwe will join other nations of the world at this year’s Session of the UN General Assembly,” he said. “For us, we have a particular interest in discussions around climate change and Sustainable Development Goals. Our country, alongside three others in the region, was this last March hit by a deadly cyclone which claimed many lives; which displaced many of our people and damaged a lot of our infrastructure. “We are still grappling with the after-effects of Cyclone Idai, as indeed we continue to reel from effects of a climate change-induced severe drought. “Even though Zimbabwe’s contribution to emission of gases that damage our ozone layer is negligible, its exposure to climate change-related crises is horrendous. We therefore have a direct interest in discussions and decisions which the nations of the world take on this very matter which blight our prospects and retard the attainment of SDGs.” President Mnangagwa said Zimbabwe would continue to use the UN platform to speak against the illegal sanctions imposed on Zimbabwe that have caused untold suffering to ordinary people. “Alongside Africa and the progressive world, we will continue to use the UN platform to speak against illegal sanctions imposed against our country by the West. “As I leave for New York, Zimbabwe is heartened by the recent decision of Sadc declaring 25th October as the Day of Action Against Illegal Sanctions. “We in Zimbabwe, who are on the receiving end of these illegal sanctions, should speak the loudest and campaign the hardest against them,” President Mnangagwa said. Herald	cc/2020-05/en_head_0067.json.gz/line374
__label__cc	0.693811	0.306189	Nature cure; a case of living in the moment. When I read Richard Mabey’s book, Nature Cure, I could feel the how removing himself to a cottage in Norfolk for several months cured him of the ennuie and depression that had afflicted him after completing the mammoth enterprise of Flora Brittanica. The book was like a course of treatment, page by page, healing slowly took place. But what was it, the magic component, the secret ingredient, that brought about the healing? Was it just the rest, distancing himself from deadlines and responsibilities, finding a new sense of meaning in life, adapting to a slower pace, relaxing to the rythms of the day, the seasons. Was it all of the above or none. I have just returned from the taiga, a wilderness of forest and swamp in Northern Finland. And I began to sense that for me, the essence of nature cure is about living in the present. For years now, or so it seems, I have spent too much time regretting the past or dreading the future. I have analysed endlessly, rationalised, explained, even understood, but none of this has brought peace. I am not denying the pleasures of nostalgia or the excitement of hope, but these are too often tempered by guilt or fear, whereas the present just is. You have to get on with it. Being out in the wilderness focuses attention on survival. You have to engage with the business of collecting wood, building a fire, preparing a meal, even hunting or gathering, making sure you have shelter for the night, dealing with the midge, getting to the next place or just staying put. And with nature, there is so much going on all the time, light, weather, plants growing or dying back, animals, birds, the river, the mood of the lake. It’s like a never ending test series, a book you can never put down, but much more so. Nature captivates, asks questions, inspires curiosity, demands engagement. The book that accompanied my thoughts in Finland was Roger Deakin’s ‘Wildwood; a journey through trees’. In the first section, entitled Roots, he described how his love of nature was kindled by an inspiring biology teacher, who took groups of boys on nature expeditions to the New Forest. Over the course of 8 years, the boys made a detailed ecological exploration of a three mile stretch of countryside near Beaulieu Station. One of their projects investigated the links between the unusual preponderance of the dwarf buttercup, myosurus minimus, and the ancient habit of corralling of wild new forest ponies for selling by the commoners. They discovered how the tramping of the horses hooves and the heavy manuring of the ground destroyed competing plants but is ideal for the buttercup. Another project demonstrated how half of the seedpods of the Needle Whin, Genista anglica, were infected by a weevil, Apion genistae, which was in turn eaten alive by the larvae of a chalcid wasp, Spintherus leguminium. How wonderful to have a teacher who could inspire such curiosity and fascination. When mental energies are focussed on the meaning of the present, there is little time for regret and worry. Ernest Neal, my biology teacher, might have been an inspiration to me. He probably was. He wrote Woodland Ecology, based on the analysis of a Somerset wood and his dedicated investigation of the intimacies of the Badger led to the discovery of delayed implantation, an ovum fertilised one steamy night in autumn would not implant in the uterus until the following spring. But the nearest I got to ‘understanding the importance of being Ernest’ was when he leant over my dissection of the sex organs of the Dogfish and said with feeling, ‘You know, Read, sex is a beautiful thing.’ In my innocence, I replied with an enthusiasm I considered appropriate for the situation, ‘Yes sir, I suppose it must be.’ The books I read then, I still treasure; King Solomon’s Ring by Konrad Lorenz, The Peregrine by J.A.Baker, The Life of the Robin by R.Lack, all products of detailed observation over a long time, a fascination leading to a complete immersion in the object of enquiry. I got the impression that these authors were happy in their own skin. The same kind of self sufficiency comes through in A Fortunate Man, which describes the author’s life as a country doctor or Oliver Sachs account of his chemical childhood in Uncle Tungsten. Engaging with life in the present takes you out of morbid preoccupations with the self or a dependence on others and a happiness that derives from a fascination with the external. It takes you out of yourself. But you need courage to let go of the familiar and entrapping and a will to commit to a wider purpose. For too long, I have sought enlightenment in endless analysis. This has led to a kind of understanding of the human condition. But happiness, health? I question that. The paediatrician and psychoanalyst, Donald Winnicott indicated that the purpose of emotional development was to enable people to be themselves in the company of others. I would suggest that this might be extended to encompass self sufficiency in the natural world too. Perhaps therapeutic camps could help those enmeshed in the misery off their lives. Maybe whittling could be part of an analyst’s stock in trade. Finland \| nature \| psychotherapy Design for Living? I don’t think it will work. It only hurts when I laugh; living with an injured back. Of daughters, damage and destruction; is that the legacy of Mrs Klein? In search of meaning If you go down to the woods today …….	cc/2020-05/en_head_0067.json.gz/line375
__label__wiki	0.596091	0.596091	Film Music Reporter NSC Ghostbusters theme song released RCA Records has released the cover version of Ray Parker Jr.’s Ghostbusters theme song by No Small Children from Paul Feig’s reboot of the franchise. The track, which is featured in the movie’s end credits, is now available to download on Amazon. No Small Children is a LA-based punk rock band made up of three elementary school teachers – Lisa Pimentel, Nicola Belinsky and Joanie Pimentel. Check out the music video of the cover after the jump. The label has previously released a soundtrack album featuring the other songs from the film, including more cover versions of Parker Jr.’s theme song. Ghostbusters starring Melissa McCarthy, Kristen Wiig, Kate McKinnon, Leslie Jones, Michael Kenneth Williams, Charles Dance and Chris Hemsworth is now playing in theaters nationwide.	cc/2020-05/en_head_0067.json.gz/line378
__label__wiki	0.658915	0.658915	Bill Bruford's Earthworks www.billbruford.co.uk The first disc by Bill Bruford's Earthworks project, this one might be a bit different for fans of his prog rock works, but it is also very solid. Bruford had always had strong jazz leanings, and made that quite clear over the years. Heavenly Bodies This newly released double CD compilation gathers up a number of studio and live recordings from Bill Bruford's Earthworks in a nice re-mastered package. Random Acts of Happiness This live disc from Bill Bruford’s Earthworks is quite a tasty one. For those not familiar with the group, let me just say this is pure jazz. Bill Bruford's Earthworks - Video Anthology 2 - 1990's DVD Those expecting to find Yes or King Crimson amidst this DVD will come away with out completing their quest. On the other hand, those looking for some stellar jazz performed by an incredible group of musicians will be rewarded with a great piece of music and video entertainment. Bill Bruford's Earthworks - Video Anthology Volume I - 2000's Well, I have to admit, the sequence of these two DVD’s seems backwards to me. When I viewed them I did so in chronological order (Volume II is the 1990’s). Yes - America (single) (Vinyl) Review by G. W. Hill Lately I’ve been breaking our old rule at Music Street Journal. Anderson, Bruford, Wakeman and Howe - An Evening of Yes Music Plus Before the Union album, Jon Anderson, frustrated with the musical direction of the Rabin era Yes, left the group and reunited with former classic Yes-mates Steve Howe, Rick Wakeman and Bill Bruford. Although, they were four fifths of the same lineup that brought such albums as Fragile and Close To The Edge to life, Chris Squire owned the rights to the name "Yes", and wasn't interested in letting them use it. Voiceprint has just reissued this live set from the classic Yes spin off band. For those looking for the history of this release, please check out the review I did of the earlier version of the set. Anderson, Bruford, Wakeman and Howe - An Evening of Yes Music Plus DVD As someone who saw this tour live (twice, I believe) and owned the VHS of this for years, it’s a pleasure to finally have it on DVD. For those who don’t remember, Anderson Bruford Wakeman and Howe spun off of Yes during the Trevor Rabin era (between the Big Generator and Union albums). Anderson, Bruford, Wakeman and Howe - Anderson, Bruford, Wakeman and Howe Brother of Mine / Vultures in the City CD single This single from Anderson, Bruford Wakeman and Howe is out of print, of course, but these days, it’s not that hard (or sometimes expensive) to get your hands on something like this. Bill Bruford - Bill Bruford – The Autobiography written by Bill Bruford I’m a big fan of Bill Bruford. I always have been since his days in Yes. Bruford Levin Upper Extremities - BLUE Nights This recording chronicles the live performances of Bruford Levin Upper Extremities from 1998. The disc showcases the band's unique blend of jazzy modes with Crimsonesque textures and, occassionally, just plain weirdness. Anderson, Bruford, Wakeman and Howe - Brother of Mine / Vultures in the City (vinyl single) Bruford Levin Upper Extremities - Bruford Levin Upper Extremities The musicians on this disc are Bill Bruford (Yes, King Crimson), Tony Levin (King Crimson; Anderson, Bruford, Wakeman and Howe; Bozzio, Levin, Stevens; Liquid Tension Experiment), David Torn (Mark Isham, Bill Bruford), and Chris Botti(Paul Simon, Blue Nile). Yes - Classic Artists DVD Yes seldom do anything in a small way when it can be done in an epic manner. Yes - Classic Yes This compilation of Yes material came out at the same time as Yesshows, shortly after the break up of the band following the Drama tour. This truly does feature some classic Yes material and would represent a great first look at the band. Yes - Close To The Edge This is the first Yes album that I ever heard, and although it took me several listenings to get into it (I actually hated it first time through) it completely won me over. It is truly my favorite Yes album and the disc that got me interested in the band, and in progressive rock. Yes - Close to the Edge – Hybrid SACD Special Edition This is a review of the special edition audiophile release of Close to the Edge. This is a great limited edition, numbered CD release. Yes - Close to the Edge – Remastered and Expanded I absolutely love Yes’ Close to the Edge and I’ve reviewed the main album before. King Crimson - Earthbound This is a good, but not great, live album from King Crimson. The first thing holding it from the “great” title is the sound quality. King Crimson - Eyes Wide Open DVD Review by Bill Knispel Following two plus years as a “double trio,” and nearly two years of fractionalization through a series of ProjeKCts, King Crimson returned to active duty in 2000 as a streamlined quartet with the album The ConstruKCtion of Light. A second album in this newer “double duo” format titled The Power to Believe, followed in 2003. Pete Lockett’s Network of Sparks - Featuring Bill Bruford – One What do you get when you take five percussionists and put them together? Pete Lockett’s Network of Sparks. Yes - Fragile - Remastered And Expanded Rhino has begun a series of remasters of Yes albums, restoring the original artwork and adding bonus cuts to the discs. This is their version of one of the more classic Yes recordings, Fragile. Yes - Friends and Relatives Friends and Relatives is a two CD set that is a compilation of two Yes tracks from the KTA albums with solo works from the various artists. Other than the two stellar group performances, the Rick Wakeman pieces and Steve Howe`s take on Tales From Topographic Oceans stand out the most. Bruford - Gradually Going Tornado (original vinyl) This 1980 release from Bruford features Bill Bruford (obvious, right?), Dave Stewart, Jeff Berlin and The Unknown John Clark. It has a number of instrumentals along with some songs with vocals. Yes - In A Word: Yes 1969- This box set is a class act. The whole thing comes in something that resembles a book. King Crimson - In the Court of King Crimson written by Sid Smith Review by Steve Alspach Few bands in progressive rock have a more colorful past than King Crimson. As Sid Smith says in the preface, the history of King Crimson is the "triumph of spirit over adversity. And sometimes the triumph of adversity." Moraz / Bruford - In Tokyo This live recording of Moraz and Bruford dates to 1985 and it finds both musicians in top form. Bruford and Borstlap - In Two Minds This collaboration between drum and percussion legend Bill Bruford (Yes, King Crimson) and piano player Michiel Borstlap presents some intriguing jazz that seems to strive to exist without borders or preconceptions. Anderson, Bruford, Wakeman and Howe - Live at the NEC October 24th, 1989 I saw Anderson, Bruford, Wakeman and Howe on this tour and it was purely magical. UK - Live In Boston Review by Bruce Stringer As one of the hardest working live acts in its day, it comes as no surprise that there were a number of radio show broadcasts made during UK’s short-lived existence. Besides featuring a stellar line-up of some of the best progressive rock musicians of the day (including ex-King Crimson and Yes members), the dominance of multitasking musical prodigy Eddie Jobson advanced the group into creative areas that pushed the envelope years ahead of its late ‘70s contemporaries. Yes - Musikladen Live DVD This DVD is rather a mixed bag. I t does contain some considerably rare footage of the group, and therefore scores points on that basis. King Crimson - Neal and Jack and Me DVD King Crimson’s ‘return to the throne’ in the 1980’s must have been viewed with a degree of skepticism. The band made a name for themselves in the 1970’s with their dark blend of symphonic grandeur and intense heaviness, mixed with an improvisational spirit that would drive them to push every song and performance into parts unknown. Bruford - One of A Kind I remember buying this album in 1979 and the woman who sold me this album said, "Oh, you'll love this album. It is so much fun!" I had heard albums described in a number of ways, but "fun"? Various Artists - Prog Box I've been looking to do a retro review of this box set for a while. I finally had the opportunity this time around. Yes - Re (Union) When Yes released Union it was a hodgepodge sort of album. King Crimson - Red – 40th Anniversary Edition Remastered For me Red has always been King Crimson’s ultimate album. I know, there are those who will point to Larks’ Tongues…, but personally I think this one is more cohesive and to the point. Bruford - Rock Goes To College Bruford’s original lineup only played two shows, both television appearances. The second of those is the recording released here. Bill Bruford is joined here, as on the two studio albums that original presented the material they perform, by keyboardist Dave Steward, guitar god Allan Holdsworth and bassist Jeff Berlin. Various Artists - Rockin' the City of Angels written by Douglas Harr This book is something very special. A good tag-line for this would be "come for the pictures, stay for the stories." Pianocircus - Skin & Wire - Pianocircus featuring Bill Bruford play the music of Colin Riley This music is hard to describe – jazz is one definition, but it only fits so well. King Crimson - Sleepless – 12-inch Single (Vinyl) It used to be a rule at MSJ that if something was out of print we didn’t cover it. Yes - Something`s Coming This album is actually a compilation of Yes performances on various television and radio programs from the 1969-1970 era. The personnel on this album are Jon Anderson, Chris Squire, Peter Banks, Bill Bruford and Tony Kaye. Yes - The Definitive Rock Collection Here is another compilation of Yes music. It is the first two CDs from The Ultimate Yes, repackaged. Yes - The Extraordinary World of Yes written by Alan Farley On the one hand you have to ask, "do we really need another book about Yes?" Still, one of the charms/downsides to books is that they represent a static point in time. King Crimson - The Great Deceiver, Vol. 1: Live 1973-1974 Volume 2 This, along with Volume 2, is a reissue of a 4 CD set that came out in the 1990’s. It captures the Larks Tongues In Aspic / Starless and Bible Black era King Crimson in a series of live shows. King Crimson - The Great Deceiver: Live 1973-1974 Volume 2 Here we have the second set of live Crimson tracks just reissued. See my review of Volume 1 for more information about this release overall. Yes - The Lost Broadcasts DVD For hardcore Yes fans, this is a real treasure. Rick Wakeman - The Six Wives of Henry VIII There are many who would consider this Rick Wakeman's strongest solo album. That argument has merit. Bill Bruford - The Summerfold Collection 1987-2008 Bill Bruford is certainly best known for his work as drummer in Yes and King Crimson. Yes - The Ultimate Yes This 35th Anniversary collection of Yes shares a lot of material with other compilations of theirs. Bill Bruford - The Winterfold Collection 1978-1986 This is a new compilation of music from Bill Bruford released on his own label, Winterfold. Yes - The Yes Album Review by Josh Turner This marks the third album from this first class group. Its recording predates the membership of the legendary Rick Wakeman, who ultimately joined late in the tour of this album. While this might appear to be a huge drawback in the studio, the album is quite strong. Yes - The Yes Album (Expanded and Remastered) The third album from Yes, The Yes Album was a transitional disc. King Crimson - Thrak When King Crimson reformed after the 80s period, there were definitely elements of that period still present in their sound. Yes - Time and A Word When Yes went into the studio to record their second album, the producer decided that they could benefit from an orchestral string arrangement on much of the material. This works extremely well on some of the songs here, while falling rather flat in other places Yes - Time And A Word: The Yes Story written by Martin Popoff There have been a few books written about the band, Yes but this one really includes the involvement of many of the members of the group through extensive interviews. Review by Scott Prinzing Considered by many to be one of the greatest prog albums of all time, it is a shame that the line-up lasted only one album and tour. Yes - Union The great experiment - at the time of this album's recording there were essentially two versions of Yes out and making music. The first was the Trevor Rabin "Yes West" lineup (consisting of Rabin, Chris Squire, Alan White and Tony Kaye - Jon Anderson had left the group, but been working his way back into the fold) and Anderson, Bruford, Wakeman and Howe (the splinter group of one of the most classic lineups). Yes - Union: Live I remember seeing Yes on the Union tour. It was an amazing show. Steve Hackett - Watcher of the Skies Genesis guitarist Steve Hackett has assembled a wide variety of musicians to rework many classic Genesis songs. The end result is quite interesting. Yes - Wonderous Stories: The Best of Yes I’m sure some would make the argument that we don’t need another Yes compilation album. Yes - Yes The self-titled debut by Yes, this 1969 album was full of psychedelic wandering and experimentation. It had some definite strong points, and did, in fact show off signs of the band that would later develop. Yes - Yes (Expanded and Remastered) One of the releases in the series of discs that showcase remastered Yes albums with additional material added, this one focuses on the first album. Yes - Yessongs At the time that Yessongs was released, the critics were calling Yes a studio phenomenon, and saying that they could not reproduce their complex arrangements live. This release, at least partially, was meant to dispel that rumour -- and it worked. Yes - Yesstories-Yes In Their Own Words written by Tim Morse Tim Morse created an intriguing book with this one. There is nothing unique about conducting interviews with artists when doing a book about them. Yes - Yesterdays This compilation is composed almost entirely of material from the first two Yes releases (Yes and Time and a Word) - the majority from the second album. As such the lineup consists of Jon Anderson, Peter Banks, Bill Bruford, Tony Kaye and Chris Squire. Yes - Yesyears Box Set Released during the flurry of activity surrounding the Union tour, this four CD set is a pricey, but fairly solid addition to the Yes catalog. While any compilation will undoubtedly bring up complaints as to what was included and what was not, this album presents a fairly accurate representation of the chronology of the band. Yes - Yesyears DVD Before there was Yesspeak, there was Yesyears. In some ways this documentary is superior to the more recent one.	cc/2020-05/en_head_0067.json.gz/line381
__label__wiki	0.874537	0.874537	"There's no room for another man in my life, Mr. Wayne. You're nice, but my heart belongs to Batman." - as Catwoman on Batman (1966) Newmar's name is mentioned in the title of the comedy To Wong Foo Thanks for Everything, Julie Newmar (1995). The plot revolves, partly, around an autographed publicity photograph of her. Julie Newmar was born on August 16th, 1933 in Los Angeles, California. Her father was a one-time professional football player (LA Buccaneers, 1926), her mother was a star of the Follies of 1920. From an early age, Julie studied piano, dance and classical ballet. She graduated from high school at the age of 15 (I.Q. of 135.), and spent a year touring Europe with her mother and brother. She attended UCLA studying classical piano, philosophy and French and became prima ballerina for the Los Angeles Opera. Newmar went to New York and tried out for Broadway musicals; in 1955, she made her Broadway debut as the ballerina in "Silk Stockings" which starred Hildegarde Neff and Don Ameche but first won acclaim for her role in the 1956 musical "Li'l Abner", and three-minute Broadway appearance as the leggy Stupefyin' Jones led to a reprise in the 1959 film version (below). Newmar was also the female lead in a low-budget comedy, The Rookie (1960) with Peter Marshall and Tommy Noonan (below left). She also appeared in the 1961 film, The Marriage-Go-Round, which starred James Mason and Susan Hayward (below right). Newmar had developed the role of the Swedish vixen on stage and won a Tony Award for Best Supporting Actress. She later appeared on stage with Joel Grey in the national tour of Stop the World - I Want to Get Off and as Lola in Damn Yankees! and Irma in Irma La Douce. Newmar wanted to be known for her comedy, as she told the New York Times: "Tell me I'm funny, and it's the greatest compliment in the world." She had beauty, brains and a fantastic sense of humor. Promoting her various Broadway and off-Broadway show appearances, Julie often posed as a pin-up girl. Making the transition to television, Newmar appeared in Rod Serling's science fiction series The Twilight Zone (1959), playing Miss Devlin (devil). In 1962, Newmar appeared twice as motorcycle-riding, free-spirited heiress Vicki Russell on Route 66. Her statuesque form made her a larger than life sex symbol, most often cast as a temptress or amazonian beauty, including an early appearance in sexy maid costume on The Phil Silvers Show and on F Troop as an Indian princess. She starred as "Rhoda the Robot" in the TV series My Living Doll (1964–1965), the sitcom had an enthusiastic cult following. In 1966, urged on by her friends, she would try out for and be cast as Catwoman (a character she had never heard of) in the wildly popular television series Batman (1966). Due to a movie commitment, Julie was unavailable to play Catwoman in the third season because she was working on the film Mackenna's Gold (her part was taken by Eartha Kitt). Newmar modified her Catwoman costume - now in the Smithsonian Institution - and placed the belt at the hips instead of the waist to emphasize her hourglass figure. Other notable TV guest appearances included The Beverly Hillbillies, Get Smart, The Monkees and as a pregnant princess in the Star Trek episode "Friday's Child" (below). In 1969 she played a hit-woman in the It Takes a Thief episode The Funeral is on Mundy, starring Robert Wagner. In 1983 she would reprise the hit-woman role in Robert Wagner's series Hart to Hart, in the episode A Change of Hart. Selected Julie Newmar TVography - Batman Displays His Knowledge (1967) - Catwoman Goes to College (1967) - Scat! Darn Catwoman (1967) - That Darn Catwoman (1967) - The Catwoman Goeth (1966) - The Sandman Cometh (1966) - The Bat's Kow Tow (1966) - The Cat's Meow (1966) - Ma Parker (1966) - The Cat and the Fiddle (1966) - Hot Off the Griddle (1966) - Better Luck Next Time (1966) - The Purr-fect Crime (1966) Batman: The Brave and the Bold - Chill of the Night! (2010) - The Beautiful Maid (1966) - The Eight Year Itch Witch (1971) - Black Magic (1976) - Flight of the War Witch (1980) - This Year's Riot (1982) - Double Shock (1973) - Gideon's Follies (1961) F Troop - Yellow Bird (1966) - King of Burlesque/Death Games (1983) - The Laser Blazer (1968) The Greatest Show on Earth - Of Blood, Sawdust, and a Bucket of Tears (1964) Hart to Hart - A Change of Hart (1983) - The Funeral Is on Mundy (1969) Jason of Star Command - Escape from Kesh (1978) - The Haunted Planet (1978) - Crew Confessions/Haven't I Seen You?/Reunion (1979) Love, American Style - Love and the Bathtub (1972) - Love and the Vampire (1971) - Love and the Cake/Love (1971) - Love and the Big Night/Love (1970) McMillan & Wife - Aftershock (1975) - Monkees Get Out More Dirt (1967) - Portrait of a Dead Girl (1970) My Living Doll - series regular (1964 - 1965) The Phil Silvers Show - The Big Scandal (1957) - Give the Old Cat a Tender Mouse (1962) - How Much a Pound Is Albatross? (1962) - Friday's Child (1967) - Of Late I Think of Cliffordville (1963) Selected Julie Newmar Filmography Broadway: Beyond the Golden Age (2013) (documentary) Bettie Page Reveals All The Mechanical Bride (2012) (documentary) (narrator) Beautiful Darling Return to the Batcave (2003) with Adam West, Burt Ward, Lyle Waggoner, Lee Meriwether, Frank Gorshin, and Betty White One Last Score (1999) with Matthew Modine, John Hurt, Bruce Dern, and Lisa Marie Oblivion 2: Backlash (1996) with Richard Joseph Paul, Jackie Swanson, Meg Foster, Isaac Hayes, George Takei, and Maxwell Caulfield To Wong Foo, Thanks for Everything! Julie Newmar (1995) with Wesley Snipes, Patrick Swayze, John Leguizamo, Stockard Channing, Blythe Danner, Jason London, Chris Penn, and Melinda Dillon (1994) with Richard Joseph Paul, Jackie Swanson, Meg Foster, Isaac Hayes, and George Takei Ghosts Can't Do It (1990) with Bo Derek, Anthony Quinn, and Don Murray; directed by John Derek Cyber-C.H.I.C. (1989) with Kathy Shower, Burt Ward, Jack Carter, and Lyle Waggoner Nudity Required (1988) with Pamela Bach and Troy Donahue Dance Academy (1987) (1987) with Charles Napier, Ann Turkel, Bo Svenson, Ron Glass, Anthony Eisley, Peter Palmer, and Michael Forest Evils of the Night (1985) with Aldo Ray, Neville Brand, Tina Louise, John Carradine, and Jerry Butler Reel Horror (1985) with Catherine Bach, Leslie Caron, John Carradine, Donald Pleasence, Katharine Ross, and Talia Shire Love Scenes (1984) with Tiffany Bolling, Jack Carter, and Britt Ekland Streetwalkin' (1984) with Antonio Fargas (1983) with the Hudson Brothers, Cindy Pickett, Richard Kiel, Robert Donner, Murray Hamilton, Clint Walker, and Charlie Callas (1977) with Lloyd Bochner A Very Missing Person (1972) with Eve Arden, James Gregory, and Ray Danton The Feminist and the Fuzz (1971) with Barbara Eden, David Hartman, Jo Anne Worley, Herb Edelman, Farrah Fawcett, and Harry Morgan Up Your Teddy Bear (1970) with Wally Cox, Victor Buono, and Angelique Pettyjohn The Maltese Bippy (1969) with Dan Rowan, Dick Martin, Carol Lynley, Mildred Natwick, and Robert Reed Mackenna's Gold (1969) with Gregory Peck, Omar Sharif, Telly Savalas, Keenan Wynn, Ted Cassidy, Lee J. Cobb, Raymond Massey, Burgess Meredith, Edward G. Robinson, and Eli Wallach (1963) with Kirk Douglas, Mitzi Gaynor, Gig Young, Thelma Ritter, William Bendix, Leslie Parrish, Dick Sargent, William Windom, and Alvy Moore The Marriage-Go-Round (1961) with Susan Hayward and James Mason (1960) with Tommy Noonan, Peter Marshall, Jerry Lester, and Joe Besser Li'l Abner (1959) with Peter Palmer, Leslie Parrish, Stubby Kaye, Stella Stevens, Billie Hayes, Gordon Mitchell, and Brad Harris Seven Brides for Seven Brothers (1954) with Jane Powell, Howard Keel, Jeff Richards, Russ Tamblyn, and Ruta Lee Demetrius and the Gladiators (1954) with Victor Mature, Susan Hayward, Michael Rennie, Debra Paget, Anne Bancroft, William Marshall, Richard Egan, and Ernest Borgnine Slaves of Babylon (1953) with Richard Conte, Michael Ansara, and Linda Christian The Band Wagon (1953) with Fred Astaire, Cyd Charisse, Oscar Levant, and Nanette Fabray The Eddie Cantor Story (1953) Serpent of the Nile (1953) with Rhonda Fleming, William Lundigan, Raymond Burr, and Michael Ansara (1952) with Bing Crosby, Jane Wyman, Ethel Barrymore, and Natalie Wood In the 1970s she had guest roles in Columbo, The Bionic Woman and Bewitched ("The Eight-Year Itch Witch" in 1971) as a cat named Ophelia given human form by Endora (essentially playing her Catwoman character from Batman). Also during this time, because of her love of the stage and live performances, Newmar toured the country in stage productions of "Damn Yankees" and "Dames at Sea" and others. Becoming an entrepreneur, in 1977, Newmar turned up in People Magazine wearing her new invention "Nudemar" pantyhose. She holds three U.S patents. Newmar went back to UCLA to take a few real estate courses and then began investing in Los Angeles real estate in the 1980s. She is credited as being partly responsible for improving the Los Angeles neighborhoods on La Brea Avenue and Fairfax Avenue near the Grove. During this time she continued to take acting roles, and appeared in nine films while raising her only child, John Jewl Smith (born 1981), who is deaf and has Down syndrome. AV CLUB SLIDESHOW DEPARTMENT My Neat Stuff Slideshow - Jssor Slider, Slideshow with Javascript Source Code Julie Newmar links Tweets by @MyNeatStuff HOME - SEARCH - ABOUT US - TERMS - SITE MAP - NEWS - LINKS - CONTESTS - HALL OF FAME - AV CLUB - TRIVIAOGRAPHY - THE BIG STORE Original material © Copyright 2020myneatstuff.ca - All other material © Copyright their respective owners. When wasting time on the interweb why not visit our Kasey and Company Cartoon site?	cc/2020-05/en_head_0067.json.gz/line383
__label__wiki	0.927286	0.927286	Trilok Gurtu - East meets west in a heartbeat Trilok Gurtu has had the trumpet on his mind a lot lately. The Mumbai-born percussionist, who has become famous for increasing gongs and shakers’ sonic possibilities by dropping them in a bucket of water, grew up in India with a perspective on how the trumpet should be played that is different from most western traditions. For Gurtu, the trumpet is a vocal instrument. The brass bands that he heard on the streets and playing for weddings as a child were, he says, playing folk songs, with the trumpet taking the part of the lead voice. So it’s no surprise that Gurtu has gravitated again towards the Sardinian trumpeter Paolo Fresu for his latest a group, a trio that also features the remarkable Cuban pianist Omar Sosa. As well as joining Gurtu in this “band of bandleaders”, which tours Scotland from Monday, Fresu features on Gurtu’s latest album, Spellbound, where his style, informed by Italian singers and his jazz heroes alike, is complemented by trumpeters with the oriental approach such as Californian Ambrose Akinmusire and the Lebanese virtuoso Ibrahim Maalouf. Spellbound is in part dedicated to yet another trumpeter, the late Don Cherry, who was the first musician to encourage Gurtu on his arrival in Europe in the early 1970s to pursue his dream of bringing his training in Indian classical music to jazz and other western musics. “Don was very original and way ahead of his time,” says Gurtu. “A lot of people underestimated him because he was maybe a little eccentric but he knew a lot about Indian music at a time when most people in the West had really only heard of Ravi Shankar, and he really listened. He’d come up through the jazz scene but he was interested in music from all over the world, African music, even Scottish music. He knew that jazz wasn’t the only improvised music and it was partly that aspect of Indian and other kinds of music that attracted him.” Gurtu shared Cherry’s musical wanderlust and it was his ability, not just to fit in effortlessly but to steer the music in unexpected, exciting directions that eventually led to him making his first big impression on this side of the world with the musical polymaths Oregon after their percussionist, Collin Walcott , died in a road crash in the 1980s. With his distinctive, crouching style of drumming, Gurtu has since gone on to create great grooves and an amazing rapport with guitarist John McLaughlin and light a fire under the Nordic cool of saxophonist Jan Garbarek. Other collaborations have ranged from the Malian superstar Salif Keita to Annie Lennox and Gurtu’s own projects have seen him working with Weather Report’s founding keyboardist Joe Zawinul, guitarist Pat Metheny, and in his superb ‘massical’ adventure that brought classical and world music together, the Arke String Quartet. He’d had some of the ideas he realised on Spellbound for some time but the stumbling block he kept coming up against was the western approach to instrumental playing. “I tried some of the music on Spellbound with a big band, a jazz orchestra, but I couldn’t get the Indian flavour,” he says. “So I turned to Paolo Fresu, who I’ve known for a long time, and I asked Jan Garbarek about other trumpeters and he suggested Ibrahim Maalouf, who’s very different, very much from the oriental side, and we found a group of other trumpeters who could pay homage to their forebears such as Dizzy Gillespie and Miles Davis. I’m really pleased with the way it turned out.” He’ll tour the music from Spellbound later in the year but some of it is almost certain to figure in the Gurtu-Fresu-Sosa tour. “We all bring music to the group and we’ve all played each other’s music before,” he says. “I’ve been to Cuba and I know a bit about the culture, although obviously not as much as Omar knows. What’s great about this group is that the music is different every time we go onstage and we have a lot of fun, not just among ourselves. We want the fun to carry into the auditorium too.”	cc/2020-05/en_head_0067.json.gz/line394
__label__wiki	0.740127	0.740127	By Steve Brown, 11 March 2017 School holiday camp By Kylie, 10 March 2017 AFL Q-School Holiday Camp - Register your child now before it's too late! Open hours for Uniform purchases By Kylie, 9 March 2017 Click here for dates on when you can purchase Uniforms from the club. Councillors Cup Weekend Article and results from weekend matches from Redcliffe and Bayside Herald Footy is back!!! The 2017 Youth Football Season is just around the corner Round 1 all games will be at the home of Redcliffe Tigers. Click here for further info. A club does not survive without volunteers. Click here for further information on the Annual General Meeting. Under 10's Gold Team Coach Profile Welcome aboard our Under 10's Gold Coach. Councillors Cup By Steve Brown, 17 February 2017 Saturday 4th March at Rothwell Park Redcliffe vs Moreton Bay Lions Curtain Raiser, Ladies Game: Moreton Bay Lions vs Pine Rivers U14's Redcliffe Tigers vs Moreton Bay Lions at 10:30 Andrew 'Sippa' Kouvaras to Coach the Magoo's By Steve Brown, 1 March 2017 Sippa has agreed to take on the challenge Craig 'Tassie' Laycock will be Assistant Coach Youth & Junior Coordinators Locked In By Steve Brown, 8 February 2017 Youth, U12's - U16's: Adam Carroll Juniors, Roy's Footy - U11's: Troy Rafter Registrar, Youth & Juniors: Dan Wishart Junior Sign On Day By Steve Brown, 29 January 2017 Saturday 4th February 9:30-3:00PM Auskick, Roy's Footy (U6) Juniors( U8's-U11's), Youth, (U12's-U16's) Sam Fedorniak and Jesse Davis will be Wardy's Assistant Coaches Light training has already started. Sunday mornings at Suttons Beach from 9AM New U16's Coach Appointed Anthony Ryan to take on Top Job Dave 'Jock' McCreadie (current senior coach) will be an Assistant Coach with Callum Hill Training starts this Tuesday night from 4:30pm The Club is excited about the prospect of fielding 2 U14 teams this season Training starts this Wednesday from 5:30pm 2017 Senior Coach Dave 'Jock' McCreadie By Steve Brown, 4 January 2017 General Meet and Greet next Tuesday Night, then full on from Thursday 12th January < Prev1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 31 32 33 34 35 36 37 38 39 40 41 42 43 44 45 46 47 48 49 50 51 52 53 54 55 56 57 58 59 60 61 62 63 64 65 66 67 68 69 70 71 72 73 74 75 76 77 78 79 80 81 82 83 84 85 86 87 88 89 90 91 92 93 94 95 96 97 98 99 100 101 102 103 104 105 106 Next >	cc/2020-05/en_head_0067.json.gz/line399
__label__wiki	0.841932	0.841932	You searched for: "The River Dee near Eaton Hall" Is linked to these Documents 10 Items No items selected Title/Description Catalogue of Pictures by the late William Hogarth, Richard Wilson, Thomas Gainsborough, and J. Zoffani. Exhibited by permission of the proprietors in honour of the memory of those distinguished artists, and for the improvement of British art The British Institution Printed/Manuscript Primary published The Bodleian Library, University of Oxford Document Inventory/Accession No Douce L subt. 63 (1) The catalogue, price one shilling, was published to accompany the eponymous exhibition held at the British Institution [BI 1814]. It comprises 23 pages plus three etchings 'distinguishing the names in [Zoffany's group portraits] the Florentine Gallery and Royal Academy'. There were two editions, with slight variations of numbering; the present one is the second. Wilson first appears on p. 16. For the works that can be identified, see BI 1814. The anonymous preface, p. 10, includes the following paragraph: Many of the works of Wilson will be contemplated with delight - few artists have excelled him in the tint of air, perhaps the most difficult point of attainment for the Landscape Painter; every object in his pictures keeps its place, because each is seen through its proper medium. This excellence alone gives a charm to his pencil, and with judicious application may be turned to the advantage of the British Artist. The merit of his works is now justly appreciated; and we may hope that since the period of his decease, the love and knowledge of the Art have been so much diffused through this country, that the exertion of such talents may never again remain unrewarded during the life of him who possessed them. Richard Wilson (1713/14-1782) The River Dee near Eaton Hall, The Barber Institute of Fine Arts, University of Birmingham, Birmingham Richard Wilson (1713/14-1782) The River Dee near Eaton Hall, Petworth House, National Trust Richard Wilson (1713/14-1782) River and Farmhouse -I (Italian River Scene with Figures), Victoria & Albert Museum, London Richard Wilson (1713/14-1782) Distant View of Maecenas' Villa, Tivoli, Tate, London Richard Wilson (1713/14-1782) Phaeton's Petition to Apollo, Private Collection Richard Wilson (1713/14-1782) Rome from the Villa Madama (Distant View of Rome from Monte Mario), National Gallery of Canada, Ottawa Richard Wilson (1713/14-1782) The Destruction of the Children of Niobe, Yale Center for British Art, Paul Mellon Collection, New Haven Richard Wilson (1713/14-1782) Rome from the Villa Madama, Yale Center for British Art, Paul Mellon Collection, New Haven Richard Wilson (1713/14-1782) A Summer Evening ('On the Arno' - I), Petworth House, National Trust Richard Wilson (1713/14-1782) Dinas Bran from Llangollen - I, Yale Center for British Art, Paul Mellon Collection, New Haven Richard Wilson (1713/14-1782) The Destruction of Niobe's Children, ex-National Gallery; destroyed 1944 Richard Wilson (1713/14-1782) The Hermitage, Villa Madama, Petworth House, National Trust Richard Wilson (1713/14-1782) Moor Park, Distant View towards Cassiobury, Private Collection, England Richard Wilson (1713/14-1782) View from Moor Park towards Rickmansworth, Private Collection, England Richard Wilson (1713/14-1782) Rome: St Peter's and the Vatican from the Janiculum, Tate, London Richard Wilson (1713/14-1782) The Thames near Marble Hill, Twickenham, Tate, London Richard Wilson (1713/14-1782) Wilton House from the Southeast (Wilton House, South East View across the River Nadder), Collection of the Earl of Pembroke, Wilton House, Wiltshire Richard Wilson (1713/14-1782) Strada Nomentana - II (View on the Strada Nomentana), Russell-Cotes Art Gallery & Museum, Bournemouth Richard Wilson (1713/14-1782) A View in the Villa Chigi at Ariccia (Sandpit and Ruins in Glade), Faringdon Collection Trust, Buscot Park, National Trust Richard Wilson (1713/14-1782) and Studio, Wilton House, South View from Temple Copse, Collection of the Earl of Pembroke, Wilton House, Wiltshire Richard Wilson (1713/14-1782) and Studio, Wilton House from the East (Wilton House East View), Collection of the Earl of Pembroke, Wilton House, Wiltshire Richard Wilson (1713/14-1782) Wilton House looking East from the Garden showing the Palladian Bridge and Salisbury Cathedral (Wilton House, South View, showing the Palladian Bridge and Salisbury Cathedral), Collection of the Earl of Pembroke, Wilton House, Wiltshire Richard Wilson (1713/14-1782) Pastoral Scene with Musicians by a classical Ruin, Ashmolean Museum, University of Oxford Richard Wilson (1713/14-1782) Capriccio Landscape with Lake, Castle and Hills, Collection of Richard L. Feigen & Co Richard Wilson (1713/14-1782) Croome Court, Worcestershire, Private Collection, England Richard Wilson (1713/14-1782) Sandpit in a Glade (Landscape in the Villa Chigi, Ariccia), Private Collection, England	cc/2020-05/en_head_0067.json.gz/line402
__label__wiki	0.657336	0.657336	Understanding the Kivalina Decision Within the Climate Change Governance Framework (Part 1) Kylie is a second-year student at Harvard Law School. She is currently an Article Editor for the Harvard Environmental Law Review (HELR) and has worked for Professor Wendy B. Jacobs, Director of the Emmett Environmental Law and Policy Clinic at the law school. The views presented in this article are the author’s personal views and not necessarily those of HELR, Professor Jacobs, or the Clinic. The most quoted phrase from the Ninth Circuit’s Kivalina decision last month is: “the solution to Kivalina’s dire circumstance must rest in the hands of the legislative and executive branches of our government, not the federal common law.” This conclusion, viewed in isolation, may give the impression that the court is abdicating responsibility for climate change to the two other branches of government. However, this decision comes in line with a longstanding judicial practice of carefully balancing powers between the judiciary and legislature, especially with regards to air pollution. Kivalina must be understood within the full spectrum of legal remedies for air pollution, encompassing both common and statutory law. The history of law governing air pollution has shown an evolution from individual nuisance claims to a command-and-control statutory system under the Clean Air Act (CAA), which has been refined through numerous legislative amendments. Climate change, however, is a relatively new issue in the air pollution context, and greenhouse gases (GHGs) have yet to be fully regulated under a statutory system. Although anthropogenic climate change has been a recognized phenomenon for decades, widespread skepticism as to its effects permeates the political arena. Such skepticism has contributed to delayed action by Congress and the Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) in regulating GHGs, and frustrated environmentalists have gone back to making common law claims through cases such as Kivalina. However, following a well-placed legal attack on the EPA in 2007 for its refusal to regulate GHGs (Massachusetts v. EPA), the statutory wheels have started turning and these common law claims are losing ground. This article will be presented in two parts. Part 1 will provide a brief overview of the history and limits of common law claims against air polluters, the development of a statutory framework for regulating air pollution, and the framework’s limits in factoring in climate change. Part 2 will discuss environmentalists’ resort to common law in dealing with GHGs, the limits of this approach, and steps that can be taken to tackle the climate change problem in the courts and in Congress. History of Common Law Claims and Their Limitations Air pollution litigation began under tort law, which seeks to redress injuries caused by the wrongful act of others. There are two ways of handling air pollution within tort law—through trespass claims or nuisance claims—and of those two, the latter has been preferred. Nuisance claims can be either private or public. A private nuisance claim is one affecting “a definite small number of persons in the enjoyment of private rights,” whereas a public nuisance claim is “one affecting the rights enjoyed by citizens as a part of the public” (definition from Spur Industries, Inc. v. Del E. Webb Development Co.). Boomer v. Atlantic Cement Co., a 1970 New York Court of Appeals case, provides an example of a private nuisance claim against air pollution. In Boomer, land owners sued a nearby cement plant for dirt, smoke, and vibration. While the court did order the plant to be closed, this injunction was conditioned so that the plant could continue operating if it paid damages to the plaintiff. In doing so, the court missed an opportunity to condition the continued operation of the plant on the development of new, cleaner technology. The court’s decision to grant such limited relief rested on three rationales. First, the strictly defined role of the court meant that it could only resolve the controversies brought in front of it and not pursue “broad public objectives.” Second, the court viewed as inequitable mandating this one company to make technological advances that can benefit the whole industry. Third, the court found that requiring damages rather than granting a downright injunction was the economically prudent result of balancing the plaintiffs’ total damage with the “value of defendant’s operation” and “the consequences of the injunction which plaintiffs seek” (a traditional tort doctrine requires the courts to balance the “gravity of harm” with the social “utility of the actor’s conduct”). However, in calculating “the consequences of the injunction,” the court did not factor in environmental values not readily transferable into cost. The Boomer case shows that nuisance claims as means of air pollution relief prevents formulating a unified front against entire industries and are likely to undervalue or ignore externalities such as good air quality. For an example of a public nuisance claim against air pollution, we can look to the Arizona Supreme Court’s 1972 Spur Industries case. In this case, a retirement community was negatively affected by the flies and odor from a nearby cattle feedlot. Although state attorney generals usually bring public nuisance claims, in this case, a private plaintiff—the retirement community developer—was found to have standing due to a “special injury” in both extent and kind, and was granted a permanent injunction. A public nuisance claim does affect a larger group of people than private nuisance claims; however, as with the latter where successful plaintiffs have to actually own the property affected, public nuisance claims limit the pool eligible for compensation since only those whose basic rights were interfered with can bring these claims. Regardless of its private or public nature, a nuisance claim poses certain limitations that prevent it from being a sustainable strategy against air pollution. Through the Boomer and Spur Industries cases, we first saw that the courts handling individual law suits can only rule on the issue at hand, even if they are aware of public objectives. Because of this limited reach, nuisance claim plaintiffs cannot go after entire industries by requiring a certain level of technology. Additionally, externalities like good air quality are rarely, if ever, factored into the court’s cost-benefit analyses in granting remedies. These externalities present a further problem. Under the Coase Theorem, the parties to a dispute will bargain and subsequently settle environmental problems at the most economically prudent tangent. Thus, if the cost of plaintiff’s harm does not exceed the value of the defendant’s operation, the defendant will be able to avoid an injunction by paying off the plaintiff. A final problem that we can gather from these two cases is that common law remedies affect a limited number of people—those who either own affected property or those whose basic rights were interfered with. This plaintiff pool is further narrowed by the high cost of environmental litigation, which often requires expert witnesses. Also, as environmental nuisance claims may not result in the award of large damages, lawyers may be dissuaded from taking on such claims on a contingency basis in the first place. Thus, only a limited group of people will be able to invoke common law remedies of air pollution, resulting in harsh distributional consequences, particularly since outright injunctions are rarely granted. Adding to this problematic characteristic, the unique property of harm done by air pollution undermines the suitability of common law. Since air pollution harm may be latent and extended over a long period of time, a plaintiff may find it hard to show injury or prove specific causation—the link between the polluter’s actions and the plaintiff’s specific injury. Last but not least, litigation always takes place after the fact. Common law remedies will never be able to preempt pollution. Development of a Statutory Framework As these litigations were taking place, in the backdrop were state regulations governing air pollution. In 1955, the federal government passed the Air Pollution Control Act to assist the states in technology research, development, and funding, but the act failed to motivate states to take a more active stance. Finally, in 1970, the federal government passed the Clean Air Act Amendments which laid out the basic framework used in current air pollution regulation. The amendments delicately handled federalism through a division of responsibility between the state and federal governments. The act came to be known as the Clean Air Act. The act delegates congressional power to the EPA so that the agency can set National Ambient Air Quality Standards (NAAQS) for certain “criteria pollutants.” Next, the states create tailored State Implementation Plans (SIPs) by set deadlines and enforce these plans in order to attain NAAQS. Non-criteria pollutants are governed under the National Emissions Standards for Hazardous Air Pollutants (NESHAPs) program which is enforced by both EPA and the states. The act also provides a plan to manage new pollution sources called the New Source Performance Standards (NSPS), a set of uniform technology-based requirements concerning itself with even individual pieces of equipment. The first NAAQS deadline was 1975. Due to wide-spread non-compliance, Congress amended CAA in 1977 to extend the general deadline to 1982. Non-attainment zones (NAZs)—areas furthest from achieving compliance—were afforded a lengthier deadline (1987). Those places already in compliance were designated Prevention of Significant Deterioration (PSDs). PSDs and areas in non-attainment were all subject to New Source Review (NSR), a permit-based system for new sources focusing on the overall emissions from a facility and not on individual pieces of equipment. This signified the co-existence of both technology- (NSPS) and permit- (NSR) based systems for new sources within the CAA. Further non-compliance resulted in the 1990 amendment in which Congress established new graduated requirements for NAZs, which provided lengthier deadlines in exchange for more stringent regulations. This amendment also invigorated the NESHAPs program, increasing the number of regulated pollutants from seven to 189 (currently 188 listed). Since 1990, there have been no across-the-board CAA amendments by Congress; the EPA does periodically tweak enforcement rules, such as when it tightened NAAQS for ozone and particulate matter in 1997. However, this basic framework is now being shaken up as the CAA is being required to account for GHGs. Regulating GHGs Within the Statutory Framework The CAA was not passed with GHGs in mind. GHGs have unique features that separate them from other pollutants regulated under the CAA. Notably, they do not remain at the locality of the source. Since GHGs easily permeate throughout the atmosphere, there is an almost impossibility of establishing causation between a source’s contribution to the pollution and the specific harm done. Additionally, GHGs are prevalent; the GHG emission quantity measured in tons per year (tpy) greatly exceeds that of other pollutants. The first characteristic does not present a problem in the sense that the CAA concerns itself with technology and the quantity of emissions rather than with linking the emissions to a specific harm. Thus, there is no causation issue. However, the second characteristic poses a problem in CAA enforcement since the statute provides specific quantities of pollutants that trigger sources into being regulated, numbers that were set before Congress knew that GHGs might be regulated under the CAA. Under the NSR system, a new source or a modification of a source in PSDs would need to acquire a permit if it is “major”—in other words, if it may cause emissions up to 100 tpy for one pollutant or 250 tpy for a combination of pollutants (criteria pollutants plus alpha). Although this may be a feasible requirement for other pollutants, requiring permits for such quantities in GHGs would ‘trigger in’ numerous facilities such as office buildings and malls as point sources. Furthermore, since GHGs have no NAAQS set, areas technically cannot be in non-attainment, and thus all areas are PSDs for the purposes of GHGs. This would require more permits than the EPA currently has the capacity to handle. The EPA has estimated that if GHGs are regulated under the current definition of “major,” the number of permit applications each year would increase almost 300-fold to more than 81,000. This is one of the reasons why the EPA held off on regulating GHGs under CAA. In 2007’s Mass. v. EPA, however, the Supreme Court found that the EPA does have the authority to regulate GHGs in tailpipe emissions (EPA had also been arguing that it lacked the regulating authority) and that it should reconsider its decision to not regulate the pollutants. Although the GHGs at issue in Mass v. EPA were limited to Title II of the CAA—which covers transportation rather than stationary sources—once GHGs become a regulated pollutant under the CAA, NSR would go into effect and the EPA would have to set performance standards and issue permits for stationary sources also. After conducting an “endangerment finding” and a “cause or contribute finding,” the EPA, in 2009, decided to regulate and set standards for GHGs. Emissions standards were set in May 2010 for 2012-2016 model vehicles. Since 2012 model vehicles could be sold starting January 2, 2011, GHGs have technically been regulated under the NSR scheme starting from this date. Since the possibility of regulating GHGs within CAA was first raised, the EPA has desperately sought ways to harmonize GHG regulation with the preexisting provisions of CAA. In May 2010, it issued the Tailoring Rule, which creates a “carbon dioxide equivalent” of threshold emission levels. Instead of the 100/250 tpy threshold, PSD state permitting authorities will only require permits if a new source emits at least 100,000 tpy of GHGs and if a modification increases GHG emissions by at least 75,000 tpy. Although this new rule seems administratively prudent, legally speaking, it is on shaky grounds. Two groups of judicial doctrines are at clash here. The first group against the Tailoring Rule utilizes the Chevron analysis (a two-step guide for judicial review of an agency action) and finds that since the statute addresses directly the “precise question at issue,” the court does not have to go on to the second step to determine whether the agency action was a “permissible construction of the statute,” since this second step applies only if Congress did not clearly indicate its intention. In other words, since the CAA clearly indicates the NSR “major” threshold to be 100/250 tpy, EPA does not have the authority to arbitrarily change this standard to 100,000/75,000 tpy. On the other hand, there is a second group of judicial doctrines working in favor of the Tailoring Rule. First, when applying the Chevron doctrine, the agency does not have to follow a literal interpretation if doing so will produce “absurd results.” The agency is excused also from a literal interpretation of a statutory provision if it would be impossible to administer, a doctrine known as “administrative necessity.” Finally, the “one-step-at-a-time” doctrine recognizes that agencies generally do not “resolve massive problems in one fell regulatory swoop,” and that agencies may implement statutory mandates in steps. Since the EPA predicted that regulating GHGs under the current definition of “major” would result in 81,000 permit applications per year, requiring the EPA and states to administer this can be viewed as an absurd result, or an administrative impossibility. Even assuming the first two doctrines fail, the EPA can still invoke the final doctrine by implementing the Tailoring Rule in steps, which is what it has been doing. The most recent third step was finalized this July. Although the D.C. Circuit almost dealt with the validity of the Tailoring Rule in Coalition for Responsible Regulation v. EPA this past June, the court chose to exercise judicial economy by declining to rule on the merits after it established that it lacked jurisdiction on the issue. By finding that the plaintiffs had no standing, the court did narrow the platform on which parties can challenge the Tailoring Rule. However, the courts have yet to directly address the rule’s legitimacy and the question remains whether the CAA can really handle GHG regulation. Concluding Part 1 Although CAA has mostly replaced nuisance claims for the purposes of air pollution, GHGs have become regulated under the CAA only recently and even now, are not adequately accounted for. In Part 2, this article will illustrate how this inadequacy of CAA has prompted environmentalists to move back to the common law approach in dealing with climate change. American Electric Power Co. v. Connecticut, the 2011 Supreme Court case and Kivalina, the 2012 Ninth Circuit case are examples of this regression. However, the courts have largely put an end to common law remedies for climate change by ruling that CAA (or more specifically, agency action under the CAA) has displaced these remedies. With the option of common law eliminated, environmentalists should tackle the climate change problem in a two-fold manner. First, they should force the agency’s hand within the current statutory framework via petitions and suits. Then, this statutory framework can serve as an interim measure as environmentalists push for a GHG-specific statute in Congress. These two approaches will be discussed in more detail in Part 2. Kylie Kim	cc/2020-05/en_head_0067.json.gz/line405
__label__wiki	0.698897	0.698897	Sezmra XMen First Generation Posted on May 23, 2019 by Aurasanders He won first place in the box office with $ 56 million. It has grossed less than the previous ones despite the barrage of critical acclaim. Second place at the box office was for hangover 2, now in Thailand!. X-Men: First generation, the only big premiere of the week in EE UU, won first place in the box office with $ 56 million (EUR 38.3 million) the worst figure recorded in its first weekend for a film in the saga. According to the specialist website Box Office Mojo, the film de Matthew Vaughn, starring James McAvoy, Michael Fassbender, Kevin Bacon, January Jones and Rose Byrne, won $ 1.5 million less (EUR 1 million) than the original film of the franchise, released in 2000. The second installment, X-Men 2, recorded 85.5 million dollars (58.5 million euros) at its premiere. The third part, X-Men 3: the final decision, earned $ 102 million (69.8 million euros), and X-Men origins: Wolverine got 85 million of dollars (58.2 million euros). According to the website, the lack of stars such as Hugh Jackman and Halle Berry could damage the chances of success of the tape, which however has achieved the best reviews since the release of the second part. Second place at the box office was for hangover 2, now in Thailand! , the comedy starring Bradley Cooper, Zach Galifianakis and Ed Helms, with 32.4 million dollars (22.2 million euros). In EE UU already has a total of 187 million dollars (128 million euros), making it the third film most viewed of the year, behind Fast & Furious 5 and Pirates of the Caribbean: on stranger tides. Evergreen Capital Partners has many thoughts on the issue. The third place went to animation Kung Fu Panda 2 tape, with 24.3 million dollars (16.6 million euros), while the fourth place it got Pirates of the Caribbean: in tides, with 18 million dollars (12.3 million euros). The fifth position fell in the hands of the comedy Bridesmaids with $ 12.1 million (8.8 million of) EUR). Independent field Midnight in Paris, Woody Allen, expanded to 89 rooms over to add 2.9 million dollars (1.9 million euros), while The Tree of Life, of Terrence Malick, most added 621,000 dollars (425.429 euros). Filed under News and tagged last-minute, noticias-actualidad, policy \| Comments Off on XMen First Generation Northwest Germany Group Designworks Discover Cambrils Costa Dorada	cc/2020-05/en_head_0067.json.gz/line406
__label__wiki	0.872808	0.872808	China, 1931 • Directed by Bu Wancang, as Richard Poh Cast Ruan Lingyu, as Lily Yuen (Miss Lim), Jin Yan, as Raymond King (King Teh-en), S.Y. Li (Mrs. King), Wong Kwai-ling (Loo Chi), Chow Lee-lee (Lim’s mother), Y.C. Lay (Chow Chuen Chuen), Han Lan-ken (Slim), Liu Chi Chuen (Fatty) Production Lianhua Film Company Scenario Bu Wancang, as Richard Poh Photography Wing Siao Fen Supervised by Lo Ming Yau Production Manager Lay Min Wei Settings F.L. Chao Print Source China Film Archive Musical Accompaniment Kevin Perrone on grand piano Essay by Shari Kizirian Ruan Lingyu, the ill-fated star of The Peach Girl, lived a life that could have been lifted from one of her films. Born into an impoverished family from Guangdong province, she is a native of Shanghai, a city that promised jobs to China’s rural poor and later became known as the Hollywood of the East. She achieved instant stardom and inspired a fanatical devotion from the moviegoing public. But the beloved Lily Yuen, as she was also known, who had portrayed so many tragic women in movies, was dead at the age of 25, from deliberate overdose of sleeping pills. Her funeral was attended by tens of thousands of adoring fans. Enraptured by her celebrity and distraught by her death, three women killed themselves in tribute, leaving suicide notes despairing that life was no longer worth living without Lily Yuen. Since the first screening of Lumière actualités at the Xu Yuan teahouse on August 11, 1896, Shanghai had been at the center of the Chinese film industry. Although a fragmented China was contending with feudalism, civil strife, the greed of Western powers, and invasions by Japanese military, Shanghai somehow remained a thriving, cosmopolitan city. Ruan Lingyu came to Shanghai in 1921, a year of terrific growth in the Chinese film industry — 140 production companies registered as new businesses in Shanghai that year alone. Just 16 years old and with no formal training, she auditioned for Bu Wancang, a young director at the Mingxing (Star) Film Company. He hired Ruan without hesitation, based purely on her screen presence. Chinese cinema in the 1920s was drawn mostly from a style of popular fiction known as Mandarin Ducks and Butterflies (Yuanyang hudie), which consisted of melodramatic love stories, martial arts, and murder mysteries. After a year of playing small parts in a series of these Mandarin Ducks and Butterfly films, Ruan’s career took off, and she was given her first leading role. Problems, however, took root in her personal life. Ruan’s husband, who was abusive and irresponsible, left her and their adopted daughter, but continued to rely on Ruan’s financial success to bail him out of trouble. She agreed to support him privately in order to avoid shameful publicity. Just as in Hollywood, Chinese production companies learned the value of promoting popular stars like Ruan Lingyu in movie magazines with doctored tales of real life that the stars were expected to emulate. This studio practice placed great demands on her, exacerbating her personal troubles. In the 1930s, the social and political climate in China changed. Chiang Kai-shek and Koumintang seized Shanghai and began consolidating their power throughout China. Censorship became a priority for the new government as soon as it realized the influential role of movies in shaping public opinion. A review board similar to the Hays office in Hollywood was established to approve screenplays and films. Those with opposing political ideologies were also beginning to see the potential for social change in films. Luo Mingyou, founder of the largest production company in China at the time, Lianhua Studios, hoped to improve the lives of the Chinese people by making films that rejected Western influences and emphasized China’s own rich cultural history. He replaced the Mandarin Ducks and Butterfly films with rural dramas that depicted the corrupting effect of Western ideas and the often tragic results. The Peach Girl, also known as Peach Blossom Weeps Tears of Blood, is one example of Mingyou’s efforts. Ruan Lingyu thrived in this socially conscious environment. Her natural ability “to evoke passion in her every expression,” as one contemporary reviewer noted, won the hearts of filmgoers. She worked with the most respected directors and the most popular actors, such as her costar in The Peach Girl, Jin Yan. The Peach Girl foreshadows Ruan’s own unhappy end, with its tale of a country girl seduced by the promise of a love that leads only to her ruin. Following the success of The Peach Girl, considered by many contemporary critics to be Lianhua Studios’ best film, Ruan fell in love with a wealthy tea merchant. Unfortunately, he turned out to be just as unfaithful and abusive as her first husband, who reappeared at this time and attempted to sue her for more money. All of it was reported in the insatiable tabloids, compounding her personal and legal problems. On the night of March 7, 1935, after attending a studio party, Ruan Lingyu prepared a bowl of rice porridge containing 30 barbitone-sodium pills. She composed two suicide notes, one for her boyfriend and one for the media. In her note to the press, she lamented her situation as a public figure, writing that “gossip is fearful.” Tragedy may have followed Ruan Lingyu both on-screen and off, but her fans were always devoted to her, even now. In 1992, the celebrated Hong Kong director Stanley Kwan created the cinematic paean Actress (Centre Stage), and, as recently as 1998, the city of Shanghai erected a statue in her honor. Shari Kizirian is a freelance writer and editor based in Rio de Janeiro. She co-edits the Silent Film Festival program book.	cc/2020-05/en_head_0067.json.gz/line410
__label__wiki	0.851239	0.851239	People, Press Releases William F. Baker Receives Honorary Doctorate from Scottish University Photo © SOM Edinburgh, Scotland: William F. Baker, Partner in Charge of Structural Engineering for Skidmore, Owings & Merrill, LLP (SOM), has been named honorary Doctor of Engineering by Heriot-Watt University in recognition of his distinguished career and influential contribution in the field of structural engineering. “There are only a select number of engineers in the world that can truly say they have designed structures that have a global impact….Bill is one of those engineers,” Professor Peter Woodward, (and Head of Heriot Watt’s Institute for Infrastructure and Environment) says. “Bill’s philosophy of pushing the boundaries with new, innovative technologies and techniques aligns closely with our own aspirations for our graduates.” This is Baker’s second honorary degree. He also received an honorary doctorate in engineering from the University of Stuttgart (Germany) in 2011. About Skidmore Owings & Merrill LLP Skidmore, Owings & Merrill LLP (SOM) is one of the leading architecture, interior design, engineering, and urban-planning firms in the world, with a 75-year reputation for design excellence and a portfolio that includes some of the most important architectural accomplishments of the 20th and 21st centuries. Since its inception, SOM has been a leader in the research and development of specialized technologies, new processes and innovative ideas, many of which have had a palpable and lasting impact on the design profession and the physical environment. The firm’s longstanding leadership in design and building technology has been honored with more than 1,700 awards for quality, innovation, and management. The American Institute of Architects has recognized SOM twice with its highest honor, the Architecture Firm Award—in 1962 and again in 1996. The firm maintains offices in New York, Chicago, San Francisco, Los Angeles, Washington, D.C., London, Hong Kong, Shanghai, Mumbai and Abu Dhabi.	cc/2020-05/en_head_0067.json.gz/line419
__label__wiki	0.958601	0.958601	Global Perspectives: Check-up on World Health Check-up on A provocative look at health care around the world. Aging issues, life and death matters, public policy and personal decisions. We have more in common with each other than we realize. SOUNDPRINT offers a health "check-up" in a groundbreaking global collaboration of the world's best documentary producers. Tune in for a screening of health issues from around the globe. AIDS in Haiti produced by Lakshmi Singh In the early years of the pandemic, Haitians were singled out as one of the highest risk groups. The stigma remains today: for mothers in the countryside; sex workers in the city, and immigrants to the U.S. Hot Flash produced by Alisa Siegel of the CBC The story of seven menopausal women who have continued to undergo Hormone Replacement Therapy (HRT) despite its links to heart disease, stroke and breast cancer. Overnight in a Trauma Center produced by Kyla Brettle of the ABC An around-the-clock look at what it means to work in one of the most stressful, yet most important departments of a hospital. London: The Superbug Capital of the World? produced by the BBC How one hospital in London is fighting against a fatal bacteria that has been spreading through its wards due to poor hygiene practices. Sick at Heart produced by Dheera Sujan of Radio Netherlands The Netherlands is statistically the sickest country in Europe, if you look at how many people are on disability. What makes the Dutch disability system so unique? Korle-Bu Hospital produced by Joy FM's Akwasi Sarpong, and Colin Grant and Gillian Gray of BBC World Service For the first time, our international collaboration is joined by Ghana's radio station Joy FM. We look at how patients and doctors in Ghana are trying to make due with inadequate resources, lack of funding, and an inaccessible health care system. A Bird in Hand produced by Hugh Chiverton and Sophia Yow of Radio Hong Kong In the wake of Avian flu outbreaks, Hong Kong has instituted new health regulations on the sale of fresh chicken. But how are businesses and consumers dealing with measures that go against habit, culture and tradition? Copyright © 1995 - 2020 SOUNDPRINT Media Center, Inc. Contact us	cc/2020-05/en_head_0067.json.gz/line420
__label__cc	0.603728	0.396272	The Tyranny Of The Rulers, A Reason For Rebellion? Is The Tyranny Of The Rulers A Reason For Rebellion? By Abu Khadeejah Abdul-Wahid •12-19-2013 Aqeedah, Manhaj, Refutations, Sects THE TYRANNY OF THE RULERS IS NOT A REASON FOR REBELLION The goal of the Jihādist sects is one and the same: rebellion against those in authority and a desire to rule over the Muslim lands. They may alter their names and titles but their ideology remains the same. Islām itself, despite what these sects assert, forbids open censure and rebellion against even the most wicked and tyrannical of Muslim rulers. The Prophet of Allāh (salallaahu ‘alaihi wassallam), upon whose statements and actions we establish our religion, stated in an authentic tradition: “There will appear after me rulers, they will not guide by my guidance, and they will not establish my Sunnah; there will be amongst them men whose hearts will be hearts of devils in the bodies of men!” He was asked: “How should I behave, O Messenger of Allāh, if I reach that time?” He replied: “Hear and obey the Amīr (i.e. the ruler), even if he beats your back and [illegally] takes your wealth – hear and obey!” [1] There are five traits in this statement in the presence of which it is still obligatory to hear and obey the rulers in that which constitutes good: their lack of implementing the Prophetic guidance, their lack of implementing the Prophetic Sunnah, their having the hearts of devils, their beating their subjects and illegally taking their wealth. A bitter pill to swallow for those not truly nurtured upon the Qurān and the authentic Prophetic Methodology. In another authentic tradition, the Messenger (salallaahu ‘alaihi wassallam) stated: “Hear and obey the ruler in that which is difficult for you and in that which is easy for you, in times of invigoration and in times of dislike and weariness and when others are given preferential treatment over you – even if they take and consume your wealth and they beat your back – except that you do not obey them if it involves disobedience to Allāh.” [2] And there will be those of little faith and even less knowledge that will frown and cringe when they hear these texts, finding any excuse to reject them due to their blind following of their extremist groups and ideologues, usually by utilising labels of apostasy upon rulers and thereby claiming that they are not bound to abide by these texts. However, the bar set by the legislation is high as the Prophet (salallaahu ‘alaihi wassallam) stated that removing the ruler is not permitted, “unless you see clear open disbelief for which you have evidence from Allāh.” [3] So the disbelief must be something which is clear and apparent, something seen and known for which one can bring textual evidence for. So it is not permitted to rebel against the ruler in an issue in which there is a difference of opinion as to whether it is disbelief or not, as that opposes the statement of the Prophet (salallaahu ‘alaihi wassallam), “unless you see clear open disbelief.” This also requires that the ruler recognised the act to be apostasy and therefore cannot be excused for being ignorant; that he did not commit the deed in error not intending it [4]; that he was not wrongly advised by those around him who call themselves religious scholars and thus gave him sanction to commit disbelief without him knowing it [5] – so all of this constitutes a valid excuse and a barrier against the declaration of apostasy. Anything short of this clarity is conjecture and in opposition to the meaning of this hadīth. Allāh, the Most High, stated: “And We never punish until We have sent a Messenger to give warning.” [6] So Allāh does not punish a soul until the proofs are established, and this is from the perfect justice of Allāh. Ibn Taymiyyah (died 728H, rahimahullaah) stated: “I am one of those most severe in forbidding that a person in particular should be declared as an unbeliever, an open sinner or a sinful transgressor until it is known that the proof of the Messenger is established upon him, the like of which, if it is opposed one becomes an unbeliever or a sinner or a transgressor. And I affirm that Allāh has forgiven the mistakes of this Nation (Ummah) – and that is general for affairs of belief, sayings and actions.” [7] The Jihādists try to use isolated statements of Ibn Taymiyyah to support their positions, but this is a smoke screen set up to deceive the Muslims and dishonour this great scholar. Ibn Taymiyyah also stated clearly that there are legitimate barriers to the declaration of takfīr upon the person who apparently denies the texts: “It is possible that a man has not heard these revealed texts, or that he heard them but they are not established as being authentic with him, or as far as he sees they contradict other texts necessitating interpretation, even if it is incorrect.” [8] What follows is a clear example where the Messenger of Allāh (salallaahu ‘alaihi wassallam) mentioned an individual who was excused and forgiven for his ignorance of the revealed texts concerning the Resurrection. He (salallaahu ‘alaihi wassallam) stated: “Death approached a man and when he had no hope of surviving, he said to his family, ‘When I die, gather much wood and build a fire to burn me. When the fire has eaten my flesh and reached my bones, take my bones and grind them and scatter the resulting dust in the sea on a windy day, for I swear by Allāh, if Allāh takes hold of me, He will punish me with a punishment that He has not punished any of the creation with.’” So that was done, but Allāh collected his scattered particles and brought him back together and asked him, ‘Why did you do that?’ The man replied, ‘Out of fear of you.’ So Allāh forgave him.” [9] Ibn Taymiyyah (rahimahullaah) stated: “So this man was in doubt regarding the ability of Allāh and in His resurrection of him if he was mere dust. Rather he was certain that he would not be resurrected; and this is disbelief by the consensus of the Muslims, but he was ignorant, and he did not know that. He was a believer who feared that Allāh would punish him, but He forgave him. And the one who has an [incorrect] interpretation or understanding from the people of jurisprudence, those ardent in their following of the Messenger , then they are more deserving of forgiveness than the likes of this man.” [10] The radicals do not embark upon the establishment of these evidences and principles as they know that these will become a barrier to their ideas of takfīr and revolution. Indeed the vast majority of them, if not all of them, do not even believe in the importance of establishing the proofs against an individual before condemning them to apostasy and an eternity in Hell. But these are not just a few isolated texts forbidding rebellion; rather there are hundreds of sayings from the Prophet, his Companions and in the writings of the earliest generations of illustrious scholars [11]. The great eighth century scholar Ibn al-Qayyim (died 752H) said: “The Prophet (salallaahu ‘alaihi wassallam) legislated for this nation the obligation of rejecting the evil so that by its rejection, the goodness that Allāh and His Messenger love is obtained. And when rejecting evil leads to what is more evil and more hated by Allāh and His Messenger then it is not allowed to reject it – even if Allāh hates the evil and detests those who perform it. And this is like censuring [the transgressions] of the kings and the ones in authority by coming out to fight against them for verily that is the basis and foundation of every evil and every tribulation till the end of time. And the Companions asked permission from Allāh’s Messenger to kill the leaders who delay the prayer from its correct time saying, ‘Shall we not kill them?’ He replied, ‘No, so long as they establish the prayer.’ And he also said, ‘Whoever sees something from his Ruler that he dislikes, then let him be patient and let him not remove his hand from the Ruler’s obedience.’ And whoever reflects upon the greatest and smallest trials that have befallen Islām, then he will see that that they are due to the negligence and wastage of this principle and the lack of patience when witnessing evil. So one seeks to bring about an end to evil and as a result of this, instead a greater evil is brought about. And the Messenger saw the greatest of evils in Mecca and yet he was not able to change them. In fact even when Allāh opened up Mecca for the Muslims and it became a land of Islām, he was resolved to changing the Kaʿbah and returning it to the foundations that Ibrāhīm had built it upon, but even though he had the capacity to do that, he was prevented from it by the fear that something greater would occur due to the lack of tolerance of the [tribe of] Quraish, since they were new to Islām and had recently left unbelief. For this reason he did not grant permission for rebelling against the leaders with the use of one’s hand due to the greatness of what results afterwards on account of it.” [12] Hasan al-Basrī (died 110H) was a great scholar of the first Islamic century and there is no dispute regarding his credentials and immense knowledge. Ibn Saʿd relates: “A group of Muslims came to al-Hasan al-Basrī seeking a verdict to rebel against al-Hajjāj [13] (a tyrannical and despotic general). So they said, “O Abu Saʿīd! What do you say about fighting this oppressor who has unlawfully spilt blood and unlawfully taken wealth and has done this and done that?” So al-Hasan said, “I hold that he should not be fought. If this is a punishment from Allāh, then you will not be able to remove it with your swords. If this is a trial from Allāh, then be patient until Allāh’s judgement comes, and He is the best of judges.” So they left al-Hasan, disagreed with him and rebelled against al-Hajjāj – so al-Hajjāj killed them all. Al-Hasan used to say, “If the people had patience when they are being tested by their unjust ruler, it will not be long before Allāh will give them a way out. However, they always rush for their swords, so they are left with their swords. By Allāh! Not even for a single day did they bring about any good.” [14] After reading the words of the noble Prophet and the commentaries of the righteous scholars, one naturally comes to the conclusion that rebellions, assassinations and coup d’états are all against the teachings of Islām. The Kharijite sects are known for preaching and challenging the Muslim rulers publicly and from the pulpits; they incite the Muslim youth that leads them to violent acts often resulting in suicide attacks. Imām Ahmad bin Hanbal (died 241H) was beaten and jailed by four consecutive kings. Despite that, he viewed revolt to be unlawful against those who violated the Islamic belief and punished him for not agreeing with them. Hanbal bin Ishāq said: “During the rule of Wāthiq, the jurists of Baghdad gathered in front of Ahmad bin Hanbal. They included Abu Bakr bin ʿUbaid, Ibrāhīm bin ʿAlī al-Matbakhī and Fadl bin ʿĀsim. So they came to Ahmad bin Hanbal so I gave them permission. They said to him, ‘This affair (i.e. the inquisition) has become aggravated and elevated.’ They were referring to the ruler making manifest the issue of the Qurān being created and other than that. So Ahmad bin Hanbal said to them, ‘So what is it that you want?’ They said: ‘We want you to join us in saying that we are not pleased with his rule and leadership.’ So Ahmad bin Hanbal debated with them for an hour and he said to them: ‘Keep opposing [the false belief itself] with your statements but do not remove your hands from obedience and do not encourage the Muslims to rebel and do not spill your blood and the blood of the Muslims along with you. Look to the results of your actions. And remain patient until you are content with a righteous or sinful rule.’” [17] Ibn Taymiyyah (died 728H) stated: “Ahmad [bin Hanbal] and his like did not declare these rulers to be disbelievers. Rather he believed them to have Imaan and believed in their leadership and he supplicated for them, and he was of the view that they were to be followed in the prayers and Hajj, and military expeditions were to be made with them. He prohibited rebellion against them – and it (i.e. rebellion) was never seen from the likes of him from amongst the scholars. Yet he still opposed whatever they innovated of false statements, since that was major disbelief, even if they did not know it [18]. He would oppose it and strive to refute it with whatever was possible. So there must be a combination of obeying Allāh and His Messenger in manifesting the Sunnah and Religion and opposing the innovations of the heretical Jahmites [19], and between protecting the rights of the believers, the rulers and the Ummah, even if they are ignorant innovators and transgressing sinners.” [20] Indeed, there is in the many works of Ibn Taymiyyah a thorough refutation of the arguments and polemics of the Khārijites, an example of which is what is found in Minhāj as-Sunnah [21]: “And there is hardly anyone who revolted against a leader with authority except that what arose from his action of evil, was actually greater than whatever good came from it, such as those who rebelled against Yazeed in Madīnah, or like Ibn al-Ashʿath who revolted against ʿAbdul-Malik in ʿIrāq, or like Ibn al-Mihlab also, who revolted against his son in Khurasān, and like those who revolted against al-Mansūr in Madīnah and Basrah, and the likes of them… And it is for this reason that it is firmly established with Ahlus-Sunnah to abandon fighting in times of tribulation due to the authentic narrations that are established from the Prophet ; and they (the Scholars) began to mention this matter in the course of [authoring their works] in Creed, and they would command with patience towards the oppression of the leaders, and the abandonment of fighting against them – even if a fair portion of the people of knowledge fought against them during the tribulation… And whoever reflects upon the authentic narrations that are established from the Prophet concerning this topic, and also considers with the consideration of those with insight and deep knowledge, will know that that which the Prophetic texts have come with is from the best of all affairs… And all of this is what explains that whatever the Prophet has commanded of patience towards the tyranny of the rulers and abandonment of fighting against them and revolting against them, that this is of the most beneficial and rectifying of affairs, in both this life and the next, and that whoever opposes this deliberately, or due to an error, then no rectification is attained by his action, rather only corruption… And he ordered having patience upon their misappropriation, and prohibited fighting against them, and contending with them (for authority), due to their oppression. Because the corruption, mischief that arises from fighting during tribulation (fitnah) is greater than the corruption in the oppression of those in authority. Thus, the lesser of two evils is not to be removed by the greater of the two.” The noble scholar Shaikh al-Albānī (rahimahullaah, died 1420H) was asked, “Is that which is known nowadays as a military coup against the ruler mentioned in the Religion or is it an innovation?” So the Shaikh answered: “There is no basis for these acts in Islām. And it is in opposition to the Islamic manhaj (methodology) with respect to the daʿwah (Islamic call) and creating the right atmosphere for it. Rather it is an innovation introduced by the innovators which has affected some Muslims. This is what I have stated and explained in my notes to al-Aqeedah at-Tahāwiyyah [22].” [23] The Messenger of Allāh (salallaahu ‘alaihi wassallam) made it explicitly clear that it is forbidden to speak openly against the Muslim ruler, but rather to advise him in private, regardless of his tyranny: “Whosoever wishes to advise the Ruler, let him not do so openly. Rather he should take him by his hand and take him into seclusion [and advise him]. So if he accepts that from him, then it is in his favour, and if he does not accept, then at least he fulfilled his duty.” [24] To advise the oppressive ruler directly to his face is considered in Islām to be from the best forms of Jihād. It is reported that the Messenger of Allāh (salallaahu ‘alaihi wassallam) said: “The most superior form of Jihād is to say a word of truth in the face of an oppressive ruler.” [25] He (salallaahu ‘alaihi wassallam) also stated in clear terms: “The chief of the martyrs is Hamzah (the uncle of the Prophet) as well as a man who stands before an unjust ruler, commanding him with good and forbidding him from evil, for which the ruler kills him.” [26] This reward is for the one who is in the presence of the ruler, not the one who screams for rebellion from pulpits thousands of miles away and from anonymous internet forums using hidden titles and invented names. That is certainly not Jihād and nor rectification. True Jihād, in reality begins by combating (with textual proofs) the deviants who wish to corrupt the message of Islām, such as the extremists. Shaikh ʿAbdur-Rahmān as-Saʿdī (died 1376H, rahimahullaah), said: “Jihād is of two types. The Jihād by which the correction and purity of the Muslims is intended and rectification of their beliefs, manners and all of the affairs pertaining to their lives, both the religious and the worldly affairs. And also [Jihād] in cultivating them with knowledge and action. This type is the fundamental basis of Jihād and its support. And it is from this first type that the second type finds its basis, and that is the Jihād by which those who show transgression against Islām and the Muslims, from amongst the disbelievers, hypocrites, heretical apostates and all of the enemies of the religion are repelled and held at bay.” [27] And this is what the Salafi scholars of Ahlus-Sunnah have remained upon throughout the centuries. They consider that the Jihād against the innovators is the basis or the foundation, and the Jihād against the disbelievers branches off from that Jihād. If one is not able to advise the rulers due to ignorance or inability, then he does not openly rebuke the rulers, as Allāh’s Messenger (salallaahu ‘alaihi wassallam) has forbidden that – upon him in this situation is to supplicate for the guidance of the Muslim rulers as agreed upon by the early scholars. [28] The great Imām al-Barbahārī (died 329H, rahimhaullaah) stated the position and consensus of the Muslims towards their rulers: “If you find a man making supplication against the ruler, know that he is a person of innovation (deviation). If you find a person making supplication for the ruler to be upright, know that he is a person of the Sunnah, if Allāh wills. We are ordered to make supplication for them (i.e. the rulers) to be upright. We have not been ordered to make supplication against them, even if they commit tyranny and oppression, since their tyranny and oppression reflect only upon themselves but their rectitude is good for themselves and the Muslims.” [29] The great scholar Ibn Bāz (died 1420AH) was asked, “Is it from the methodology of the Salaf [30] to criticize the rulers from the pulpits? And what is the methodology of the Salaf in advising the rulers?” So he answered: “It is not from the methodology of the Salaf to criticize the rulers from the pulpits, because that would incite chaos, and it would involve not listening and obeying in that which is good. And this would mean becoming engrossed in that which harms and does not benefit. However, the way of advising that the Salaf followed was to write to the ruler, or to convey the advice to the Scholars who would then convey it to him, until he has been directed towards good. So opposing the evil can be done without mentioning the doer. So adultery, intoxicants and interest can be opposed without mentioning the one who is involved in them. And it is enough of an opposition to sins that they be warned against without mentioning that so and so is involved in them, whether it is the ruler, or other than the ruler. And when the fitnah (trial, discord) occurred in the time of ʿUthmān [31] , some people said to Usāmah bin Zayd , ‘Will you not speak to ʿUthmān?’ So he said, ‘Do you think that I have not spoken to him, just because you have not heard it from me? Verily I will speak to him concerning what is between him and me, without opening an affair which I would not like to be the first to open.’ [32] So when they (the Khārijites) opened it, evil took place in the time of ʿUthmān . They opposed ʿUthmān openly, thus completing the tribulations, fighting and corruption, which has not ceased to affect the people to this day, was brought about. And this caused the tribulation to occur between ʿAlī and Muʿāwiyah [33], and ʿUthmān was killed for these reasons… Furthermore, a large number of Companions and others besides them were killed due to this open rebellion and the open proclamation of the faults of the ruler, until the people began to hate the one charged with authority over them and killed him. We ask Allāh for success.” [34] In a visit to Mecca in the year 1926CE King Abdul-ʿAzīz Āl-Saʿūd , the then king of Saudi Arabia proclaimed the constitution of the Kingdom, stating: “Article 5: All of the laws of the Kingdom are executed in accordance to the Book of Allāh and the Sunnah of His Messenger and in accordance to that which the Companions and the Salaf us-Sālih were upon.” [35] Regardless of these proclamations from the rulers, the radicals still declare them to be unbelievers, worthy of being killed. And this is due to the fact that they see deficiencies and imperfections in the rule. Shaikh Sālih al-Fawzān was asked: “Respected Shaikh, yourself and your brothers who are scholars in this country are Salafīs – and all praise is due to Allāh – and your method in advising the rulers is that of the Sharīʿah and as the Prophet has explained, yet there are those who find fault with you due to your neglect in openly rejecting the various oppositions [to the Sharīʿah] that have occurred. And yet others make excuses for you by saying that you are under the control and pressure of the state. So do you have any words of direction or clarification to these people?” So Shaikh al-Fawzān answered with clear and unambiguous words: “There is no doubt that the rulers, just like people besides them, are not infallible. Advising them is an obligation. However, attacking them in the gatherings and upon the pulpits is considered to be the forbidden form of backbiting. And this evil is greater than that which occurred from the ruler since it is backbiting and because of what results from backbiting such as the sowing of the seeds of discord, causing disunity and affecting the progression of daʿwah (the call to Islām). Hence what is obligatory is to make sure advice reaches the rulers by sound and trustworthy avenues, not by publicizing and causing commotion. And as for reviling the Scholars of this country, that they do not give advice [to the rulers], or that they are being controlled in their affairs, this is a method by which separation between the Scholars, the youth and the society is desired, until it becomes possible for the mischief-maker to sow the seeds of his evil. This is because when evil suspicions are harbored about the Scholars, trust is no longer placed in them and then the possibility is available for the biased partisans to spread their poison. And I believe that this thought is actually a schemed plot that has come into this country, and those who are behind it are foreign to this country [36]. It is obligatory upon the Muslims to be cautious of it.” [37] Likewise the former Mufti of the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia, Imām Muhammad bin Ibrāhīm stated: “The government [of Saudi Arabia], praise be to Allāh, its constitution (dustūr) is the Book of Allāh and the Sunnah of His Messenger ; and it has opened the Islamic courts for that purpose, for the actualisation of the statement of Allāh: ‘And if you differ in any affair between yourselves, then refer it back to Allāh and His Messenger.’ [38] And that which is besides this, then he is one who judges by jāhiliyyah, about which Allāh, the Most High, said: ‘Do they then seek the judgement of (the Days of) Ignorance? And who is better in judgement than Allāh for a people who have firm Faith?’ [39]” [40] Incitement begins with an ideology; an ideology that is preached and emotions aroused against the Muslim governments which, in turn leads to bloodshed and killing of innocents; youths who throw their lives away for sinful causes; as a result innocent Muslim and non-Muslim men, women and children are murdered indiscriminately. And this is the ultimate goal of Hizb ut-Tahrīr as they openly admit on their website: “It is a call to the blood so that it agitates in the veins, to the hearts so that they become full with rage; thus they become firmly resolved, have [far] reaching aims.” The corruption of the rulers and rulership is not something new, rather it is something found throughout the ages. The Messenger of Allāh (salallaahu ‘alaihi wassallam) said: “The handholds of Islām will be demolished one by one, and every time one of them is demolished, the people will hold on tightly to the one that follows it. The first one to be demolished is the rule (al-hukum) and the last of them will be the prayer.” [41] And the early hadīth scholar, Ibn Hibbān mentioned this narration under the chapter heading: “A mention of the reports that the first breakage of the handholds of Islām will appear from the direction of the rulers; [and it] is the corruption of rulership and the rulers.” So this was something well-known, yet we do not find in the example of the Companions and those early scholars, any methodology that resembles the methodology of the extremist groups of rebellion and bloodshed. [1] Muslim in the Sahīh, Book of Rulership. [2] Ibn Hibbān in his Sahīh, no. 4562, authenticated by al-Albānī. Note that the Prophet commanded the Muslims not to obey the ruler in disobedience to Allāh, but he did not command with rebellion. And it is possible to disobey the Ruler without raising the sword against him or calling for his overthrow. [3] Al-Bukhārī in his Sahīh. [4] Shaikh Ibn ʿUthaimīn mentions that an example of this is like the one who loses control over his thoughts and does not know what he is saying – due to extreme joy, or other similar reasons. There is an authentic hadīth wherein a man lay under a tree waiting for death after losing his camel laiden with supplies; and then suddenly the camel’s reigns are caught in the tree, so he takes hold of them and exclaims, “O Allāh! Indeed you are my slave and I am your Lord!” mixing up his words due to extreme joy. (Reported by Muslim, no. 6611). So Allāh did not take him to account for that slip of the tongue, nor did He declare him to be a disbeliever. See Majmū al-Fatāwā war-Rasā’il, no.341. [5] This occurred in the time of Imām Ahmad bin Hanbal (died 241H) when the misguided Jahmite ‘scholars’, such Ibn Abī Duwād and Bishr al-Marīsī, convinced the rulers to adopt heretical beliefs, yet the scholars did not declare the rulers to be unbelievers. [6] Al-Isrā’ 17:15. [7] Majmūʿ al-Fatāwā, 3/229. [8] Majmūʿ al-Fatāwā of Ibn Taymiyyah 3/231. [9 Reported by al-Bukhārī and Muslim. [10] Majmūʿ al-Fatāwā, 3/231. [11] Visit takfiris.com and aqidah.com for more examples. [12] Ibn Qayyim al-Jawziyah, Iʿlām al-Muwaqqiʿīn ʿan Rabb il-ʿĀlameem. [13] Hajjāj bin Yūsuf was responsible for widespread oppression and killing towards the end of the time of the Companions. He besieged Makkah and bombarded the Kaʿbah. He killed the Companion ʿAbdullāh bin Zubair and crucified him in Makkah. See as-Siyar of Adh-Dhahabī. [14] Tabaqāt al-Kubrā (7/163-165) [17] Mihnatul-Imām Ahmad (p. 70-72); al-Khallāl in as-Sunnah (no. 90) with an authentic chain of narration. [18] This is the position of the scholars and jurists of the orthodox Ahlus-Sunnah and Salafism, i.e. that it is possible for a person to commit major disbelief in creed, statement or action, but still remain within the fold of Islām due to the fact that he was ignorant of the Islamic texts, and had he known of the Islamic ruling he would immediately correct himself. [19] The Jahmites are an early sect that negate or explain away [by the use of metaphors] the Names and Attributes of Allāh, the Most High. They took their teachings from Jahm bin Safwān (died 128H) who in turn was a disciple of Jaʿd bin Dirham (died 124H) both of whom denied amongst other things that Allāh spoke to the Prophet Mūsā (Moses), that He took Ibrahīm (Abraham) as a close friend, that He is the Most High above His creation and distinct from it. See asharis.com for more information regarding this sect. [20] Majmūʿ al-Fatāwā, 7/507-508. [21] Ibn Taymiyyah, Minhāj as-Sunnah, 4/527 and onwards. [22] A famous book of creed from the fourth century authored by Imām Abu Jaʿfar Ahmad ibn Muhammad At-Tahāwī (died 321H). [23] Al-Asālah magazine, issue 10. [24] Authentically reported by Imām Ahmad in al-Musnad, no. 15359, as-Sunnah, no. 1097 with al-Albānī’s checking. [25] Refer to Sahīh Jāmiʿ as-Saghīr of al-Albānī, and it is authentic. It is reported by Abū Sāʿīd al-Khudrī, Abū Umāmah and Tāriq bin Shihāb. [26] Reported by al-Hākim, verified to be authentic by al-Albānī in as-Sahīhah, no. 174. [27] Wujūb ut-Taʿāwan bain al-Muslimīn (p.7-8). [28] The Creed of Imām al-Bukhārī, p.40. [29] Sharhus-Sunnah of al-Barbahārī. [30] Salaf: Those who came before us from the earliest generations of Muslims. In the purest sense, the term refers to the Companions of the Prophet . And thus, a Salafī is a Muslim who precisely follows their way in creed, methodology and all affairs of religion. [31] ʿUthmān bin Affān : The noble Companion of the Prophet , who married two of his daughters, after one died, the Prophet offered him the other for marriage – thus he is nicknamed “Dhun-Nurayn”, (Possessor of the two Lights). He was the third Rightly Guided Caliph of Islām. It is not permissible to criticise or attack him or his character. Sayyid Qutb famously launched severe criticisms against this Caliph as well as several other Companions of the Prophet . Visit themadkhalis.com and takfiris.com for evidenced proofs. [32] An authentic narration: Related by Ahmad (3/403) and Ibn Abī ʿĀsim (2/521). [33] ʿAlī bin Abī Tālib and Muʿāwiyah bin Abī Sufyān were both noble Companions of the Prophet and fourth and fifth holders of the office of rulership respectively. [34] Refer to Al-Maʿloom min Wājibil-’Ilāqah baynal-Hākim wal-Mahkoom, pp. 22-33. [35] Al-Wajīz fī Sīrat al-Malik ʿAbdul-ʿAzīz, pp. 90-91. [36 Such as the ideology of Sayyid Qutb and his brother Muhammad Qutb. [37] Al-Ajwibah al-Mufīdah of Shaikh Sālih al-Fawzān [38] An-Nisā’: 59. [39] Al-Māidah: 50. [40] Fatāwā Ash-Shaikh Muhammad bin Ibrāhīm, 12/288. [41] Imām Ahmad (5/251), Ibn Hibbān (6715), with a good chain of narration. For further reading, refer to the book, “The Rise of Jihadist Extremism in the West,” Salafi Publications Source: http://www.abukhadeejah.com/the-tyra...for-rebellion/ Quick Navigation Issues of Aqidah and Tawhid Top « Part K Ahadeeth Pertaining to Eemaan, Tawheed, Deen and Qadr \| Ahmad an-Najmee’s Kitaab at-Tawheed Chapter 4: The Call To Testify To The Fact That None Has The Right To Be Worshipped Except Allaah »	cc/2020-05/en_head_0067.json.gz/line422
__label__wiki	0.87361	0.87361	Are you SportWise? Commonwealth Games, 2018 Abhishek Verma Akshata Shete Deepa Malik Lakshya Shooting Club Shiva Keshavan Suma Shirur Oly Virdhawal Khade SWI Athletes The world’s youngest person to qualify for the Olympic games in Luge, Shiva Keshavan is the first Indian to have won an international medal in any winter sport. Shiva has represented India for over 20 years and competed in 5 Olympic Games and won 10 individual medals at the Asian level. Shiva’s story began in a remote Himalayan village, Vashisht, at 2500 mts. in altitude where despite the lack of basic infrastructure or sport facilities he rose to compete in the highest level of international sport. Shiva’s talent was spotted by Gunther Lemmerer, former World Champion and head coach of the International Luge Federation who gave Shiva a chance to compete at a world stage. The news of an athlete from India competing with a homemade set of equipment, no coach or track to train on and no funding or from the sports federation was instantly picked up by media all around the world. These were not the only obstacles Shiva had to overcome to become the most decorated and recognizable face in Winter Sports in India, a country of almost 1.5 Billion people. Shiva story is one of overcoming adversity and a lone struggle against the odds to achieve a seemingly impossible dream. Today Shiva Keshavan is training for his 6th Olympic Games in PyeongChang in 2018 with the support of so many people that have come together around Shiva as he continues to make history for his sport and his country. In 2014 Shiva became the founder-president of the Olympians Association of India and is committed to support the Olympic movement in India. AWARDS, ACHIEVEMENTS, MEDALS Bronze medalist, Asia Cup, Nagano, 2005 Silver medalist, Asia Cup, Nagano, 2009 Gold medalist, Asia Cup, Nagano, 2011 Gold medalist, Asian Championship, Nagano, 2016 Gold medalist, Asian Championship, Altenberg, 2017 Arjuna Award, Government of India – nominee, 2012 Parshuram Award, Government of Himachal Pradesh – nominee, 2012 NDTV Outstanding performer of the year award- winner, 2012 Asian Luge cup – Gold Medal, 2011 & 2012 Asian Luge cup – Silver Medal, 2009 Asian Luge cup – Bronze Medal, 2005 & 2008 World record for youngest ever Olympian First Indian to qualify for the Winter Olympic Games Copyright © 2018 Sportwise India, All Rights Reserved. SportWise India LLP.	cc/2020-05/en_head_0067.json.gz/line424
__label__cc	0.643776	0.356224	Cast: Robert Pralgo, Vanelle, Jeff Briggs, David J Mack, Don Sill, Tom Sizemore Director: Tim Szczesniak Genre: Sci-Fi/Action/Drama A catastrophic solar flare plunges Earth into global darkness. As society teeters on the edge of anarchy the President and top government officials are swept away to a cold-war bunker in search of a solution. While the politicians fight insanity and each other, a group of middle-class suburbanites take survival into their own hands. With bullets and seeds, this neighborhood of school teachers and businessmen transform themselves into a village of self-sustaining warriors. Can they hold on until power is restored, or will they fall to the starving masses? When the sun releases a solar flare like no other it takes out all the world's power grids and leaves everyone in total darkness. The story has focuses on two things, a small community of people who must pull together, learn to share what they have and learn to work together and trust one another in order to survive. The other takes a look at the President of the United States as him and those around him try to come up with answers and solutions before humanity begins to break down. I am no survivalist or expert on the matter but to me this was one of the better, more realistic apocalyptic films I have seen. You have to remember that this was done on a small budget so you do not have any fancy effects here but what you do have is a story that grabs your attention right from the start and it leaves you thinking about what you just saw and what you might do in the same situation long after it is over. The acting is a bit of a mixed bag, the lead actors including Tom Sizemore all give very good, believable performances while a few from the supporting cast could of been better but over-all the acting was natural and very effective. The film had multiple writers and directors including Director, Tim Szczesniak. Tim and the rest of his crew did a great job telling this engaging and pretty frightening story, story-telling first here and it really pays off. I also really enjoyed the ending, it may not be one of those Hollywood happy endings but that is another reason the film was so good. "Remnants" is a thinking man's end of the world film that really gets the audience involved in the story and its characters, I highly recommend checking it out. Available on DVD with Special Features that include: You can order the DVD HERE. Released by Osiris Entertainment	cc/2020-05/en_head_0067.json.gz/line437
__label__wiki	0.600352	0.600352	English Русский 中文日本語 Português Español Français Über Redaktion Kontakt Abonnement-Richtlinien Begell House Library Subscription: Guest A-Z-Leitfaden über Thermodynamik, Wärme- und Stoffübertragung und Strömungstechnik Home Semantische Karte A-Z-Index Gallerie Autoren Mein Thermopedia Visual Map Navigation View in Semantic Map View in A-Z Index Related content in other products International Heat Transfer Conference Digital Library International Centre for Heat and Mass Transfer Digital Library Begell House Journals Annual Review of Heat Transfer DOI: 10.1615/AtoZ.c.compressible_flow All fluids are compressible and when subjected to a pressure field causing them to flow, the fluid will expand or be compressed to some degree. The acceleration of fluid elements in a given pressure gradient is a function of the fluid density, ρ, whereas the degree of compression is determined by the isentropic bulk modulus of compression, κ. The speed of sound in a medium is given by, a = (κ/ρ)1/2 and compressibility effects are apparent when the flow velocity, u, becomes significant compared to the local speed of sound. The local Mach number M = u/a is the primary parameter which characterizes the effects of compressibility. Under normal atmospheric conditions, the speed of sound in water is 1500 ms−1 and that in air is 345 ms−1. Thus, it can be expected that compressibility manifests itself in gas flows more readily than in liquid flows and the discussion below deals predominantly with gas flows. Transients in hydraulic systems are an example of compressible liquid flow which is of some importance. The case of liquid-gas mixtures is of interest and is discussed below. The role of Mach number in compressible gas flow may be derived from the governing equations of motion and state. However, the physics of these processes are clear when gas flow from one chamber to another is considered. Flow from a constant pressure reservoir, a, is produced by reducing the pressure in chamber b below that in a (Figure 1). Figure 1. Flow of element C from chamber A to chamber B. An element of gas, c, will accelerate from a to b, and while doing so increases its volume and decreases temperature. The local velocity of sound reduces as a result of this fall in temperature as a = (γRT)1/2, where γ is the ratio of specific heats, T is the absolute temperature and R is the specific gas constant. Initially, at low-pressure differentials, the flow is essentially incompressible and pressure falls as the gas passes through the throat, d. But it recovers somewhat upon diffusion in the nozzle into chamber b. When the pressure in b is reduced further, this fact is conveyed by sound waves which travel back through the nozzle into a. The flowfield then responds by passing more gas through the nozzle. This process will continue as the pressure in b is reduced up to a point when the local speed of sound has fallen to a level equal to the local flow velocity. This will first occur at the throat, d, and henceforth, the flowfield upstream of the throat will remain frozen as sound waves with the information about conditions in b cannot travel through the throat against the flow. From then on, mass flow through the nozzle remains constant and the nozzle is said to be choked. Reducing the pressure in b further does not increase the mass flow. The flow at the throat has a unity Mach number, i.e., a = u; upstream the flow is subsonic, M < 1, and downstream the flow becomes supersonic, M > 1. (See also Nozzles.) The same conclusion may be drawn from a one-dimensional isentropic analysis of the steady nozzle flow in Figure 1. This leads to the expression below for du, the change in velocity, with u, resulting from a change, dA, in the nozzle cross-sectional area, A. At low Mach numbers, M << 1, u varies inversely with A as demanded by incompressible continuity. For subsonic conditions, M < 1, u increases with decreasing A and vice versa. However, the reverse is true for the supersonic case when M > 1. Also, it is only possible for U to keep increasing through the throat, dA = 0, if M = 1; otherwise du must be zero. The conclusion is therefore the same as that arrived at above; the nozzle is choked and the Mach number is unity at the minimum area if the pressure ratio exceeds a particular value. The isentropic nature of the flow is based on the assumption that no heat transfer between elements of the gas occurs and that the expansion is reversible, i.e., the normal conditions for an isentropic change. Thus, no heat conduction or viscous effects occur. This is true in the free-stream remote from the walls and boundary layer. However, when shock waves or low-density effects are present, this will not be the case. In any flowfield, a narrow stream tube may be taken such that conditions may be considered one-dimensional (see Figure 1). The Steady Flow Energy Equation (i.e., a control volume for energy) may be applied from the stagnation conditions at the inlet (suffix 0) to any point along the stream tube to give the result: where h is the specific enthalpy of the fluid. For a perfect gas, h = γRT/(γ − l). Hence, the variation of local static temperature, T, throughout the flowfield—in terms of the local stagnation temperature and local Mach number—immediately follows. The assumption of isentropic flow then gives the local pressure, P, and density, ρ, in terms of the stagnation values of these quantities. Thus, the ratio of stagnation pressure to local pressures. Values calculated from these relationships are tabulated in many texts. Anderson (1990), Shapiro (1954), Liepmann and Roshko (1960) have provided such tables. As mentioned in the physical description of nozzle flow, information about boundary conditions is transmitted by sound waves travelling through the flow to adapt the flowfield. In supersonic flow, these waves will always be swept downstream. If a body is introduced into supersonic flow, there has to be a mechanism whereby the upstream flow becomes aware of the presence of the body. Shock waves, being discontinuities in flow parameters, provide this mechanism. In the case of slender and pointed bodies, the shock wave may attach to the leading edge whereas in blunt bodies, the shock wave detaches and stands upstream as a normal shock (Figure 2). Figure 2. Shock waves around sharp and blunt bodies. The flow passing through a normal shock is subject to large gradients in temperature and the assumption of isentropic flow is not tenable. The energy conservation equation, together with the mass continuity and momentum equations, and the equation of state for an ideal gas lead to relationships between like properties on either side of the shock; u2/u1, T2/T1, P2/P1 (suffices 1 and 2 refer to static conditions upstream and downstream). These may be given in terms of Ms = u1/a1, the flow Mach number relative to the stationary shock wave, as the independent variable. Tables of these quantities are given in all standard texts. For a normal shock, the downstream flow is always subsonic in shock relative coordinates. When supersonic flow expands around a surface convex to the flow (Figure 3), the information is again transmitted along the sound waves, called Mach waves, which travel into the flow. Figure 3. Expansion around a corner. Conditions along a streamline obey the isentropic equation mentioned previously. However, there is now a direct relationship between the angle the flow has turned through and the local flow Mach number. This is the Prandtl-Meyer relationship, which gives the Prandtl-Meyer angle, ν(M), as a function of the Mach number. The angle ν is the angle the flow has turned through from sonic conditions (M = 1) to the local Mach number. Thus, if flow at M1 turns through a further angle, θ, the change in Prandtl-Meyer angle equals q and this enables the new Mach number M2 to be determined The Mach waves travel into the flow causing the turning as shown in Figure 3 and have an inclination to the local flow, μ, called the Mach angle, given by μ = sin−1(l/M). When two such convex surfaces are arranged to constitute a nozzle, the Mach waves can be seen to interact. This is shown in Figure 4 where it is clear that the streamline on the center line has been subjected to Mach waves from both surfaces, which give no net turning. Nevertheless, the local Mach number will increase according to the sum of the modulus of the turning angles from both walls for there is no physical difference in the flow being turned and expanded by the upper or lower wall. Figure 4. Interaction of Mach waves in a nozzle. The process described can be used to design nozzle shapes by calculating the trajectory of the Mach waves and the resulting turning of the flow and is a simple example of the Method of Characteristics for solving supersonic flowfields. In two dimensions, the shock waves may be inclined and determination of the conditions behind the shock wave is achieved by considering those components of velocity along and perpendicular to the shock separately. The momentum along the shock is unaltered whereas the normal component may be considered as in a normal shock. The results are often given graphically as β, the angle of the shock to the flow as a function of the flow deflection angle, θ. The upstream Mach number. M1, is the independent variable. Such a plot is given in Figure 5. Figure 5. Inclined shock properties from Anderson (1990). It can be seen that there are two solutions of β for each value of θ at a given free-stream Mach number, M1. For attached shocks, it is usually the lower value of β—the weak shock—which is relevant. Flow is predominantly supersonic behind the weak shock. When the flow deflection angle is increased above a certain angle, there is no solution. Thus, for sharp bodies of large angle, the shock wave cannot be attached and a normal shock is formed (Figure 6). Figure 6. Examples of regular and Mach reflections. Inclined shocks may reflect off solid boundaries in a "regular" manner, which satisfies the condition that the flow remains in contact with the wall after reflection. As there is a restriction on the maximum value of θ, as shown in Figure 5, some regular reflections are not possible and a normal shock forms which is normal to the wall. This automatically satisfies the requirement that the flow remains in contact with the wall. The normal shock then leaves the wall and curves to join the incident shock as shown in Figure 6. These shock formations have their counterparts in supersonic jet plumes. Here, there may be regular reflections from the centerline or a normal shock, called a Mach disk in the axisymmetric situation, could be present. These are also shown in Figure 6. Isentropic flow which has constant stagnation enthalpy can be shown to be irrotational. This results from Crocco's theorem, and can apply to a wide range of compressible flows, such as nozzle flow. The irrotational nature of the flow means that the velocity may be derived by taking the gradient of a potential function (i.e., a scalar function of position). Thus, the governing equations of motion—the Euler equations—may be represented by a differential equation for the potential function, commonly called the velocity potential equation. In subsonic flow, the equation is elliptical whereas in supersonic flow, the equation is hyperbolic. In the latter case, it can be shown that along Mach lines certain quantities are invariant. In Figure 4, two Mach lines or characteristics arise from any point in the flowfield. These will be at angles θ + μ and θ − μ, where θ is the flow angle and μ, the Mach angle. The quantities are constant along the −ve and +ve characteristics, respectively. Given an initial upstream boundary condition for the flow, it is possible to march downstream, taking into account constraining walls, to solve the flowfield. In the past, this method of characteristics has been solved graphically but is solved numerically at present. The method of characteristics may also be employed in axisymmetric and three-dimensional flowfields. The characteristics are the mathematical counterparts of the sound waves discussed earlier. The velocity potential equation may be linearized to solve problems where deviations in a uniform stream are small. This applies to thin airfoils in a uniform stream. In this case, it can be shown that with a simple transformation of geometry the linearized equation is the same as that for incompressible flow, i.e., the Laplace equation. As a result, the pressure coefficient, Cp, for Mach number, M, is related to the incompressible value, CpO, by This is known as the Prandtl-Glauert Rule. In supersonic flow, the pressure coefficient from linearized theory gives the airfoil surface pressure coefficient as a function of deflection angle, α, of the airfoil surface Transonic flow occurs beyond the point when the airfoil, for example, becomes critical—i.e., when sonic conditions appear on the airfoil. Shock waves can then exist in the supersonic patch which occurs. This usually results in separation of the airfoil boundary layer, with a consequent increase in drag (Figure 7). In the transonic region, the Mach number is extremely sensitive to small changes in flow area. Figure 7. Shock formation on a transonic airfoil from Shapiro (1954) In hypersonic flow, the free-stream velocity is much greater than the local velocity of sound. This may roughly occur at Mach numbers greater than 5. When expanding from fixed stagnation conditions, the flow velocity tends to the constant value where aO is the stagnation velocity of sound. In the hypersonic limit, the density ratio across a normal shock approaches a constant and the angle of an oblique shock is linearly related to the deflection angle. Compressible flows are described in standard texts. Anderson (1990), Anderson (1989), Liepmann and Roshko (1957) and Shapiro (1954). Compressible effects are also very important in long ducts subjected to large pressure ratios. Choking of the ducts may occur if this is of sufficient length, as is often the case. Here, viscous effects are important and in the analysis it is usual to assume that fully-developed viscous flow is present. If the flow is adiabatic and the viscous effects are characterized by a constant friction factor, f, this leads to the Fanno flow solution. The salient features of this flow are. For a given subsonic inlet Mach number to the duct, there is a maximum length of the duct, Lmax, in nondimensional terms as given by f L/D max, where D is the duct diameter at which the flow becomes sonic, i.e., it is choked. Similarly, if supersonic flow enters the duct, the flow decelerates and there is also a nondimensional length at which the flow chokes. Conditions in the duct relative to the choked conditions for different inlet Mach numbers for Fanno flow are tabulated in most texts. These are widely-used for the design of flow in pipework. Even if choked exit conditions do not prevail, the compressible effects may be deduced from these tables. Another extreme is Rayleigh flow, which is frictionless but with heat addition. Shapiro (1954) has covered a wide range of such flows. Two-phase bubbly flow can have interesting properties since it is highly compressible, due to the gaseous component, and a high density, due to the liquid present. Thus, the velocity of sound may be much lower than the gas or the liquid in isolation. The subject is covered by Van Wijngaarden (1972) and Drew (1983). The flow does act as a compressible fluid of low speed of sound and exhibits shock structure. This velocity may be as low as 20 ms−1 in bubbly water; however, the bubbles may slip with respect to the liquid. A wide range of unsteady compressible flow phenonema exist and these are covered in the works of Glass and Sislian (1994) and Kentfield (1993). (See also Shock tubes.) Anderson, J. D. Jr. (1989) Hypersonic and High Temperature Gas Dynamics, McGraw Hill New York. Anderson, J. D. Jr (1990) Modem Compressible Flow, McGraw Hill New York. Drew, D. A. (1983) Mathematical Modeling of Two-Phase Flow, Ann. Rev. Fluid Mech. 15, 261-91. Glass, I. I. and Sistian, J. (1994) Non Stationary Flows and Shock Waves, Oxford Engineering Series 39, Oxford University Press. Kentfield, J. A. C. (1993) Nonsteady, One-Dimensional Internal, Compressible Flows, Oxford Engineering Science Series, 31, Oxford University Press. New York. Liepmann, H. W. and Roshko. A. (1956) Elements of Gasdynamics, Galcit Aeronautical Series, Wiley, New York. Shapiro, A. H. (1954) Compressible Fluid Flow, Volumes I and II, Ronald Press, New York. Wijngaarden, L. V. (1972) One-Dimensinal Flow of Liquids Containing Small Gas Bubbles, Ann. Rev Fluid Mech 4, 369. Wijngaarden, L. V. (1972) One-Dimensinal Flow of Liquids Containing Small Gas Bubbles, Ann. Rev Fluid Mech 4, 369. DOI: annurev.fl.04.010172.002101 Anzahl der Aufrufe: 60086 Artikel hinzugefügt: 2 February 2011 Letzte Bearbeitung des Artikels: 16 March 2011 © Copyright 2010-2020 Zurück nach oben © Thermopedia	cc/2020-05/en_head_0067.json.gz/line439
__label__wiki	0.602378	0.602378	Ivy Ideas by Thomas Hibbs http://www.thomashibbs.org/4918/ivy-ideas In this, the summer of Republican discontent, as one conservative after another abandons President Bush, could it be that the seeds of a reinvigorated conservative vision are being sown in two of the places conservatives regularly malign, Cambridge, Mass., and Paris, France? At Harvard, Robert Putnam, famous for his book Bowling Alone about Americans' social alienation from one another, has released the results of a massive study that correlates increased diversity in a community to a demonstrable decline in voting, volunteerism, friendships, and social trust. The declining belief in "political efficacy — confidence in the ability to influence the community," Putnam's study says, "accompanies a rise in passive activities, such as watching television, which is seen as the 'most important form of entertainment.'" As Putnam concludes in his recently published article in Scandinavian Political Studies, "ethnically diverse neighborhoods produce hunkering." Meanwhile, in Paris, Frederic Martel's book De la cultur en Amerique (On Culture in America) counters "a certain ideological anti-Americanism" in France with a lengthy study of the way culture flourishes in parts of America without the centralized control and huge governmental support of national culture found in France. Martel observes, "If the Culture Ministry is nowhere to be found, cultural life is everywhere." Like Tocqueville before him, Martel attends to the spirit of initiative and association, to the role of nonprofits, philanthropists, and community organizations. Along the way, he rebuts the common European belief that Hollywood's America accurately reflects the way Americans live and think. Comparisons with Tocqueville, inevitable when a Frenchman writes positively about America, typically miss what is of interest here. Tocqueville was worried about a new physiognomy of servitude, a compliant citizenry relieved of its burdens by a compassionate centralized bureaucracy. Libertarians seize upon this part of Tocqueville; but he was just as troubled by individualism, the tendency of citizens to abandon the wider society and to define their lives in terms of material well-being and in relation to a small group of friends and family — the "hunkering" Putnam sees today. There are some puzzling results from Putnam's study. Even as it shows a relationship between increased diversity and low social connectedness, such conditions do seem to correlate with a greater awareness of politics and involvement in political activism such as protests. Social-science studies, of course, supply all sorts of correlations, but are often not so definitive about cause and effect. Could it be that what is principally driving the decline in "political efficacy" is not so much diversity itself as a certain conception of liberalism? By that, I mean an outlook where political life is not about building local communities, but about voicing opinions on national and international issues. Its mantra would be: Act locally, but only with respect to global issues. More disturbing news for liberalism can be found in another recent academic study, this one on charitable giving. In Who Really Cares?, Arthur Brooks, a professor of public administration at Syracuse University, contends that four forces help form charitable habits: religion, skepticism about government in economic life, strong families, and personal entrepreneurism. Yet, Brooks's argument is not libertarian. Instead, it shifts the terms of the debate. How so? Among the many successful associations cited by Brooks is Common Cents, a New York organization dedicated to advancing social justice and offering children an opportunity to experience philanthropic giving. The result is that children realize their "interconnectedness" with the community. Brooks stresses not just the outcomes of charity — how much is given to whom — but the way the practice of charitable giving benefits both the recipient and the donor, indeed the whole community. Brooks is recapturing the classical language of the common good, which is equally at odds with libertarian individualism and bureaucratic collectivism. Fostering the practice of charitable giving requires politicians to be self-effacing, and herein lies the problem. Seldom does a government official say that the most vibrant sources of charity and virtue in our society exist outside of government. In a culture of celebrity politicians, beholden to endless numbers of interest groups, this extra-governmental outlook is a difficult approach even for conservatives, as is clear from the unabated growth of government under Bush's "compassionate conservatism." Attention to Putnam and Brooks might provide a fresh language for the practice of democratic government and the virtues of communal solidarity. Religion, family, and private enterprise as the chief sources for promoting charitable activity? This is not a conclusion readily embraced in academia, where, as Brooks notes, the selfishness of conservatives and the generosity of liberals are bedrock assumptions. Indeed, both Brooks and Putnam admit to initial surprise at the results of their studies. Putnam went so far as to delay publication, while, at the urging of academic colleagues, he tried a number of other ways of looking at the data. Such hesitation confirms conservative suspicions about academia. One wonders whether Putnam's colleagues would have been so insistent on reevaluation, had the initial results yielded conclusions more congenial to the political leanings of most academics. On the question of diversity and social solidarity, academics need look no further than their own workplace, where diversity remains a mantra for hiring but where, as an increasing number of Ivy League administrators admit, there is precious little in the way of a shared educational vision or even conversation with colleagues. This is not to say liberal academics are the only ones in need of reassessing their assumptions. On the Right, it would be prudent to acknowledge that the development of ideas — ideas with depth and scope — require arenas like universities, where intensive research increasingly confirms what conservatives have long known: American communities are eroding, and a lack of a unifying purpose makes it hard to bolster them.	cc/2020-05/en_head_0067.json.gz/line441
__label__wiki	0.79667	0.79667	WORLD MUSIC \| WORLD TALK program archives \| the team \| sponsors \| contact us SEVERINE AUTESSERRE ON WORLDSTREAMS Severine Autesserre Professor & Researcher Hosts: Said & Dari Aired: Wednesday 4.8.09 - 10:00-11:00 PM Listen to the archived program... Severine Autesserre is an Assistant Professor of Political Science at Barnard College, Columbia University. She works on civil wars, peace building and peace keeping, humanitarian aid, and African politics. Her latest research project focuses on local violence and international intervention in the eastern part of the Democratic Republic of Congo, where she has travelled regularly since 2001. Her research has been published in Foreign Affairs, the Review of African Political Economy, the African Studies Review, the Journal of Humanitarian Affairs and she has a forthcoming article in International Organization. Her book manuscript, entitled Failing the Congo - Local Violence and International Intervention, is currently under review by Cambridge University Press. Her research won numerous prizes and fellowships, including a Peace Fellowship from the United States Institute of Peace (2004-2005), a Mellon Dissertation-Writing and Research Fellowship in Security and Humanitarian Action (2004-2006), and a Fulbright Fellowship (1999-2000). Before being an academic, Severine Autesserre worked for humanitarian and development agencies in Afghanistan, Kosovo, the Democratic Republic of Congo, Nicaragua and India. She holds a Ph.D. in political science from New York University (2006), and M.A.s in political science and international relations from Science-Po (France, 1999) and Columbia University (2000). Visit Severine's website. back to program archives Copyright © WorldStreams.org 2010. All rights reserved. Designed and maintained by DariusDesign.com	cc/2020-05/en_head_0067.json.gz/line446
__label__wiki	0.597651	0.597651	How to Do Science with Models Axel Gelfert Reviewed by Tarja Knuuttila How to Do Science with Models: A Philosophical Primer Dordrecht: Springer, 2016, £ 37.99 The bourgeoning literature on the various aspects of models and modelling has recently spawned book-length studies that also aim to function as introductions to philosophical discussion of modelling (for example, Bailer-Jones [2003]; Morgan [2012]; Weisberg [2013]). Axel Gelfert’s How to Do Science with Models: A Philosophical Primer fits squarely into this group. Like its predecessors, it is much more than a philosophical primer, presenting an original contribution to our understanding of scientific modelling. In particular, Gelfert pays close attention to the plurality of functions of models and their contexts of application, also highlighting the importance of their construction: ‘what models are is crucially determined by their being the result of a deliberate process of model construction’ (p. 20). Accordingly, Gelfert studies several models at length, in order to identify some ‘middle range’ features and strategies that, although not universal, may nevertheless characterize some recurring patterns in the usage of models across disciplines. The first two chapters are largely introductory. The first briefly reviews the earlier, and to some extent contemporary, discussion of modelling: various typologies of models offered by philosophers, the relationship of modelling to analogical reasoning, the role of models in syntactic and semantic views of theories, and models as fictions. A vast amount of material is thus canvassed within the first twenty pages of the book that may make it somewhat heavy reading for any newcomer to the philosophical discussion of modelling. For the already initiated, Gelfert’s discussion contains several interesting observations, and a lot of insightfully chosen quotations, showing his characteristic way of developing arguments in dialogue with other philosophers. Having laid out a general overview, Gelfert narrows down his focus on the philosophical discussion of scientific representation—being especially interested in the pragmatic approaches. In Chapter 2, he addresses Nelson Goodman’s account of denotation and representation, and two accounts of scientific representation that have been inspired by Goodman: R. I. G. Hughes’s ([1997]) DDI account of model-based representation and Mauricio Suárez’s inferential account (see, for example, his [2004]). Gelfert points out that these accounts make room not only for users, but also for the mathematical and other resources that models provide for scientific research. He contrasts Hughes’s and Suárez’s accounts with that of Callender and Cohen ([2006]), arguing that ‘the role of models in inquiry is not exhausted by their functioning as mere props for communicating mental states’ (p. 33). This contrast sets the stage for the rest of the book, as Gelfert is primarily interested in how the representational means employed by models provide epistemic resources for the scientists constructing, using, and reconfiguring them. In recognizing the plurality of models and their functions, Gelfert’s effort is partly classificatory. The four types of models he discusses at length are phenomenological, causal-microscopic, ‘formalism-driven’, and exploratory models (Chapter 3). Gelfert’s approach is case-based. The Ginzburg–Landau model of superconductivity provides an example of a phenomenological model. Gelfert shows how this model draws together a heterogeneous mix of theoretical tools in order to exhibit a number of macroscopic properties. The Ginzburg–Landau model is contrasted with Bardeen, Cooper, and Schrieffer’s, which exemplifies causal-microscopic models. It depicts a possible causal mechanism by modelling the imagined processes separately, instead of giving a ‘prepared description’ of the phenomena as phenomenological models do. Finally, Gelfert discusses formalism-driven modelling by employing Hubbard’s many-body model that makes partial use of ‘first principles’, yet simultaneously relies on what he calls ‘mature mathematical formalisms’. Much of what Gelfert writes about phenomenological, causal-microscopic, and formalism-driven models reads as a response to Nancy Cartwright. For example, he argues against the idea that one has to either construct phenomenological models on the basis of empirical data, or rely on a few interpretative models able to render ‘phenomena’ intelligible. In contrast, for Gelfert, the different strategies of modelling illuminated by his case studies show that ‘intelligibility can be achieved in various ways’ (p. 52). Gelfert’s discussion of mature mathematical formalisms and their role in modelling is highly interesting. With mature mathematical formalisms, Gelfert refers to ‘systems of rules and conventions that deploy the symbolic language of mathematics’ being simultaneously connected to certain theoretical or methodological commitments (p. 55). These commitments are due to a physical interpretation of mathematical operations and constrain the various mathematically possible scenarios. Mature mathematical formalisms afford model construction in various ways, and offer ‘rigorous results’ in that they establish ‘an exact mathematical relationship between certain mathematical variables’ (p. 111). They can also transfer empirical warrant, Gelfert suggests, across models describing very different kinds of physical systems, due to rigorous mathematical (mapping) relations. Paul Humphreys’s ([2004]) notion of a template and the work done on the semantic conception of theories would have been relevant for mature mathematical formalisms, but Gelfert does not consider them. Perhaps the most intriguing chapter is the one on exploratory models (Chapter 4; see also Salis [forthcoming]). Gelfert introduces these models by invoking William Wimsatt’s ([1987]) insight into the epistemic productivity of false models, and the discussion of non-representational models (for example, Gruene-Yanoff [2013]). Exploratory models may lack specific intended targets, instead enabling scientists to gain some qualitative understanding of a phenomenon or to obtain greater expertise in particular modelling techniques. The focus on exploratory models, argues Gelfert, ‘requires moving beyond the traditional narrow focus on the representational functions and uses of scientific models’ (p. 40). Gelfert’s discussion is motivated by questions concerning the tacit dimension of modelling and how one gains understanding through constructing and manipulating models and simulating their behaviour in time. These kinds of activities are based on the internal resources of models that enable researchers to interact with them in exploratory ways. In order to get a firmer grasp of the notion of exploration, Gelfert follows Berlyne ([1960]) in distinguishing between specific and diverse exploration. Specific exploration, in particular, is interesting from an epistemic perspective as it focuses on specific questions, facts, or details, while divergent exploration is after novelty for its own sake. Another source of inspiration is provided by the literature on experimental exploration (Steinle [1997]). In line with discussions of experimental exploration, Gelfert comes close to claiming that exploratory models are used in situations where there is not yet a fundamental, or general, theory available. In Gelfert’s view, exploratory modelling has been alluded to by philosophers, but not systematically addressed. He attributes the lack of discussion of exploratory modelling to philosophers’ tendency to frame questions concerning models in terms of their truth or falsity. Referring to Wimsatt, he asks, ‘what is it that makes some false models more successful than the others’, and seeks an answer in their suitability for exploratory purposes. Again, Gelfert’s approach is taxonomical; he specifies four different exploratory functions that models can have (without intending these functions to exhaust the exploratory uses of models). Exploratory models can function as starting points, proofs of principle demonstrations, potential explanations, and vehicles for inquiry into the suitability of a target. As an example of proof of principle models, Gelfert briefly discusses (Volterra’s version) of the Lotka–Volterra model. Indeed, Volterra used the model to determine whether the observed oscillations in the interacting predator and prey populations could be explained by the internal dynamic of the two populations alone (Knuuttila and Loettgers [forthcoming]). But this does not mean that the model could not be used as a potential, or even actual, explanation, a point that is not explicitly addressed by Gelfert’s discussion of exploratory models. What this shows is how difficult it is to talk about functions without making them the properties of the models themselves. Yet, the ‘same’ model can be appropriated for different purposes, making it a multifunctional artefact. Finally, in discussing the use of models to explore the suitability of a target, Gelfert makes the important point that one should not approach modelling as an activity proceeding either from theory to phenomena or vice versa. The idea of co-construction of theory and phenomena comes very close, but Gelfert chooses the philosophically less adventurous route of viewing models as ‘in search of empirical phenomena’ (p. 94). The recognition that modellers employ vastly different strategies leads Gelfert discuss trade-offs in modelling. The question is whether the trade-offs between generality, precision, and realism are necessary or unavoidable (Levins [1966]). Gelfert’s answer is (hesitantly) negative, but he grants that the more heterogeneous ensemble of systems the target covers, the more difficult it is to increase both precision and generality at the same time. Accordingly, such trade-offs might be more endemic to biology, since biological systems are less homogeneous among themselves, being complex adaptive systems. Should such heterogeneity in targets then provide a demarcation criterion distinguishing physical sciences from the biological ones, as suggested by Orzack and Sober ([1993])? Although Gelfert does not deny that there are differences between biological entities and some fundamental entities studied by physics, he suggests that instead of starting from ‘presumed ontological differences between the research objects of various scientific disciplines’, one should instead look at the differences in scientific practice across fields when explaining the pervasiveness of trade-offs (p. 65). Gelfert notes that physicists have tended to direct their attention to homogeneous systems that can be characterized by a small number of parameters in a range of circumstances. But this need not be the case, argues Gelfert, pointing at cases like granular media, quasicrystals, and colloids. Finally, he discusses ‘fingerprint effects’ in mesoscopic systems that are sample-specific but reproducible. He insightfully observes that in modelling such phenomena, the primary goal is no longer the explanation of ‘the actual behavior of a specific system as an instance of a general class of target systems’ (p. 66). Technological and computational developments have made it possible to model phenomena at an ever greater resolution, removing the need to attribute sample-specific features to noise or idiosyncracies of experimental arrangement. In the final chapter, Gelfert discusses models as enablers of scientific knowledge-building, using accounts of models as mediators (for example, Morrison and Morgan [1999]; Morgan [2012]), and models as epistemic artefacts or tools (for example Knuuttila [2011]; Boon and Knuuttila [2009]). In line with Boon and Knuuttila, he stresses how the specific construction of a model and the representational means in their various modes and media both constrain and enable scientific reasoning. In order to distinguish his approach from theirs, however, he characterizes their account as relying on seeing models as passive tools. This interpretation seems to be based on the connotations of the word ‘tool’, rather than on what Boon and Knuuttila ([2009]) argue in their study of the Carnot model, which details how the model enabled its own further construction and the subsequent development of thermodynamic theory. It is precisely the recognition of the epistemic resources that models as representational artefacts embody that motivates the artefactual account. These resources can be put to many uses, and they facilitate and guide further research. Hence it seems fair to say that the novelty of Gelfert’s account does not lie in presenting an active account of models in contrast to passive accounts that view models as docile tools. Gelfert expands on and extends the existing accounts with his theoretical and conceptual articulation of the epistemic functioning of models. Such articulation is evident in Gelfert’s examination of exploratory models and mature mathematical formalisms, as well as in his intriguing closing discussion of user–model–target relations. In conclusion, How to do Science with Models: A Philosophical Primer, published in the Springer Briefs in Philosophy, is indeed brief—but only in relation to its ambitious scope. It is an innovative examination of several topics that merit further work from philosophers of science interested in scientific representation and modelling. For such work, Gelfert has provided fruitful conceptual tools and theoretical analyses. Tarja Knuuttila Carolina, USA knuuttil@mailbox.sc.edu Bailer-Jones, D. M. [2003]: ‘When Scientific Models Represent’, International Studies in the Philosophy of Science, 17, pp. 59-74. Berlyne, D. E. [1960]: Conflict, Arousal, and Curiosity, New York: McGraw-Hill. Boon, M. and Knuuttila, T. [2009]: ‘Models as Epistemic Tools in Engineering Sciences: A Pragmatic Approach’, in A. Meijers (ed.), Philosophy of Technology and Engineering Sciences, Amsterdam: Elsevier Science, pp. 693–726. Callender, C. and Cohen, J. [2006]: ‘There Is No Special Problem about Scientific Representation’, Theoria, 21, pp. 67–85. Gruene-Yanoff, T. [2013]: ‘Appraising Non-representational Models’, Philosophy of Science, 80, pp. 850–61. Hughes, R. I. G. [1997]: ‘Models and Representation’, Philosophy of Science, 64, pp. S325–36. Humphreys, P. [2004]: Extending Ourselves: Computational Science, Empiricism, and Scientific Method, Oxford: Oxford University Press. Knuuttila, T. [2011]: ‘Modeling and Representing: An Artefactual Approach’, Studies in History and Philosophy of Science 42, pp. 262–71. Knuuttila, T. and Loettgers, A. [forthcoming]: ‘Modelling as Indirect Representation? The Lotka–Volterra Model Revisited’, The British Journal for the Philosophy of Science, available at . Levins, R. [1966]: ‘The Strategy of Model-Building in Population Biology’, American Scientist, 54, pp. 421–31. Morgan, M. [2012]: The World in the Model: How Economists Work and Think, Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. Morrison, M. and Morgan, M. [1999]: Models as Mediators: Perspectives on Natural and Social Science, Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. Orzack, S. H. and Sober, E. [1993]: ‘A Critical Assessment of Levins’s “The Strategy of Model Building in Population Biology (1966)”’ The Quarterly Review of Biology, 68, pp. 533–46. Salis, F. [forthcoming]: ‘Review Essay, Models and Exploratory Models’, Studies in History and Philosophy of Science, available at . Steinle, F. [1997]: ‘Entering New Fields: Exploratory Uses of Experimentation’, Philosophy of Science, 64, pp. S65–74. Suárez, M. [2004]: ‘An Inferential Conception of Scientific Representation’, Philosophy of Science, 71, pp. 767–79. Weisberg, M. [2013]: Simulation and Similarity: Using Models to Understand the World, New York: Oxford University Press. Wimsatt,W. C. [1987]: ‘False Models as a Means to Truer Theories’, in M. Nitecki and A. Hoffmann (eds), Neutral Models in Biology, Oxford: Oxford University Press, pp. 23–55.	cc/2020-05/en_head_0067.json.gz/line448
__label__cc	0.592202	0.407798	Bisexual Is Not Always An Umbrella By Unknown May 17, 2014 I'm leaning away from using bisexual as an umbrella term; umbrellas are supposed to keep the rain off of you, instead of bring it. Bisexual is a political term that the bisexual community fought 40 years to see used with pride. Just like gay doesn't always mean happy and lesbian doesn't refer just to an island, bisexual does not refer to two; it refers to “more than one”. We are the people with the capacity to be attracted to more than one type, and we have many ways to describe that. Please don't "identity police" and ask us to erase the generations of activism that led us to this point. Words like bisexual can change over time, but what doesn't is the need to respect complex sexualities. If you identity yourself as pansexual, polysexual, multisexual, fluid, queer, and/or non-monosexual, do so with the full knowledge of what the term bisexual has meant politically and how it was also used as a tool to serve transgender communities and re-frame the dialogue about sexual minorities away from gay and lesbian alone. I am proud to stand by bisexual, are you proud enough to stand by me, no matter what the wind and rain may bring?	cc/2020-05/en_head_0067.json.gz/line451
__label__wiki	0.815099	0.815099	Sunday's Broadcast Ratings: NFL Playoffs Give Big Boost to CBS By The Futon Critic Staff (TFC) Primetime Preliminary Fast National Nielsen Data (includes all DVR playback through 3:00 am) Here are the highlights of the 16 ad-sustained programs that aired in primetime on the broadcast networks last night (1/17/16): [EDITOR'S NOTE: Due to the nature of live sports, Fast Nationals for CBS (7-8p) and approximate.] CBS (20.077 million viewers, #1; adults 18-49: 5.0, #1) got a huge boost on Sunday with a full hour of "NFL Overrun" (40.607 million viewers, #1; adults 18-49: 12.0, #1) followed by new episodes of "60 Minutes" (20.272 million viewers, #2; adults 18-49: 4.7, #2), "Madam Secretary" (11.340 million viewers, #3; adults 18-49: 2.0, #3) and "The Good Wife" (8.091 million viewers, #5; adults 18-49: 1.3, #7). NBC (7.219 million viewers, #2; adults 18-49: 1.4, #2) then was a distant second place with its mix of "Dateline NBC" (5.562 million viewers, #7; adults 18-49: 0.8, #T12), another "Dateline NBC" (5.879 million viewers, #6; adults 18-49: 1.1, #10) and the "Democratic Presidential Primary Debate" (8.718 million viewers, #4; adults 18-49: 1.9, #4). Next up was FOX (2.793 million viewers, #3; adults 18-49: 1.3, #3) and its combination of a "The Simpsons" (1.965 million viewers, #16; adults 18-49: 0.8, #T12) repeat alongside the return of "Bob's Burgers" (2.276 million viewers, #14; adults 18-49: 1.0, #11) and originals from "The Simpsons" (4.000 million viewers, #9; adults 18-49: 1.8, #5), "Cooper Barrett's Guide to Surviving Life" (2.546 million viewers, #12; adults 18-49: 1.2, #T8), "Family Guy" (3.399 million viewers, #10; adults 18-49: 1.6, #6) and "Bordertown" (2.569 million viewers, #11; adults 18-49: 1.2, #T8). And finally, new episodes of "America's Funniest Home Videos" (4.744 million viewers, #8; adults 18-49: 0.8, #T12), "Galavant" (2.509 million viewers, #13; adults 18-49: 0.6, #T15), another "Galavant" (2.123 million viewers, #15; adults 18-49: 0.6, #T15) and repeats of "Quantico" (1.339 million viewers, #18; adults 18-49: 0.3, #18) and another "Quantico" (1.592 million viewers, #17; adults 18-49: 0.4, #17) on ABC (2.498 million viewers, #4; adults 18-49: 0.5, #4) closed out the evening. Week-to-week changes (adults 18-49): 487.50% - 60 Minutes 100.00% - Madam Secretary 30.00% - The Good Wife 0.00% - Bob's Burgers (vs. 11/15/15) 0.00% - America's Funniest Home Videos 0.00% - Galavant - 8:00 -20.00% - Family Guy -25.00% - Bordertown -57.14% - Cooper Barrett's Guide to Surviving Life -73.13% - The Simpsons Year-to-year changes (adults 18-49): +90.00% - Democratic Presidential Primary Debate (vs. Bridesmaids (Repeat)) +50.00% - The Simpsons (vs. The Simpsons (Repeat)) +45.45% - Family Guy (vs. Family Guy (Repeat)) +33.33% - Cooper Barrett's Guide to Surviving Life (vs. Brooklyn Nine-Nine (Repeat)) +20.00% - Bordertown (vs. Bob's Burgers (Repeat)) +14.29% - Dateline NBC - 7:00 +10.00% - Dateline NBC - 8:00 (vs. Bridesmaids (Repeat)) 0.00% - Bob's Burgers (vs. The Simpsons (Repeat)) -11.11% - America's Funniest Home Videos -33.33% - Galavant - 8:00 -61.79% - 60 Minutes (vs. AFC Championship) -69.77% - The Good Wife (vs. AFC Championship Post-Game/Scorpion) -83.74% - Madam Secretary (vs. AFC Championship) Here are the highlights of the 16 ad-sustained programs that aired in primetime on the broadcast networks one year ago (1/18/15): CBS (31.579 million viewers, #1; adults 18-49: 10.3, #1) was the network to beat on Sunday with its coverage of "AFC Championship" (37.323 million viewers, #1; adults 18-49: 12.3, #1), the "AFC Championship Post-Game" (17.987 million viewers, #2; adults 18-49: 5.6, #2) and a special "Scorpion" (10.712 million viewers, #3; adults 18-49: 3.0, #3). FOX (2.866 million viewers, #4; adults 18-49: 1.1, #2) then claimed the silver with its mix of "NFL Overrun/Mulaney" (4.344 million viewers, #5; adults 18-49: 1.5, #4) followed by repeats of "The Simpsons" (2.616 million viewers, #13; adults 18-49: 1.0, #T7), another "The Simpsons" (3.093 million viewers, #12; adults 18-49: 1.2, #5), "Brooklyn Nine-Nine" (2.267 million viewers, #16; adults 18-49: 0.9, #T10), "Family Guy" (2.511 million viewers, #14; adults 18-49: 1.1, #6) and "Bob's Burgers" (2.365 million viewers, #15; adults 18-49: 1.0, #T7). Next up was NBC (3.550 million viewers, #3; adults 18-49: 0.9, #3) and its duo of "Dateline NBC" (4.231 million viewers, #6; adults 18-49: 0.7, #T15) and the feature "Bridesmaids" (3.323 million viewers, #10; adults 18-49: 1.0, #T7). And finally, ABC (3.847 million viewers, #2; adults 18-49: 0.8, #4) closed out the evening with "America's Funniest Home Videos" (4.788 million viewers, #4; adults 18-49: 0.9, #T10), "Galavant" (3.418 million viewers, #8; adults 18-49: 0.9, #T10), another "Galavant" (3.333 million viewers, #9; adults 18-49: 0.9, #T10), "Resurrection" (3.215 million viewers, #11; adults 18-49: 0.7, #T15) and "Revenge" (4.009 million viewers, #7; adults 18-49: 0.9, #T10). +12.50% - Revenge -12.50% - Resurrection +28.57% - Revenge (vs. Betrayal) +12.50% - America's Funniest Home Videos 0.00% - Galavant - 8:30 (vs. The Bachelor Love Stories) -46.15% - Resurrection (vs. Revenge)	cc/2020-05/en_head_0067.json.gz/line452
__label__wiki	0.668765	0.668765	2018 World Series Champions: The Boston Red Sox... Photo Credit: Getty Images (Bob Levey) Equates to VICTORY for Julia, not me... I am writing this as a result of a lost bet with a die-hard Boston Red Sox fan named Julia (@werbiefitz). During the recent World Series, I took the side of my favorite National League team, the Los Angeles Dodgers, while Julia stayed with the team she has stood with since her childhood, the Boston Red Sox. The loser of the bet (which turned out to be me) was forced to read a book chosen by the winner. Upon completion of reading the book, the loser was required to write an essay about the ten things they learned from the book. Not a book review, that wasn’t really the point of the exercise, but rather how did the book affect you. The Red Sox won the 2018 World Series in five games to cap an incredible season which saw the team win a franchise high 108 games during the regular season. It represented the fourth World Series Championship for Julia since the Curse of the Bambino was broken in 2004. For me, it was a tough post-season. My favorite team, the New York Yankees, won 100 games but were eliminated in the ALDS by the Red Sox. Then, my favorite NL team gave me second life. A renewed opportunity to take down the mighty Red Sox. It was not meant to be and I suffered two heart-breaking series losses to Boston in the same October. Victory to Julia, and some book reading and an essay for me. I also had to change my FaceBook cover photo to one showing the Red Sox celebration for one week upon conclusion of the World Series. The book Julia chose for me was Shut Out: A Story of Race and Baseball in Boston by Howard Bryant. At first glance, it would be easy to find the negatives in the book about the city of Boston and the Red Sox franchise, but admittedly, I found this a story of redemption. I was shocked almost from the start when I found out the Red Sox had the first opportunity in Major League Baseball to sign the great Jackie Robinson on April 16, 1945 but passed due in large part to racism that existed within the fabric of the franchise. I didn’t know former Red Sox owner Tom Yawkey but I do know that he hired his drinking buddies to hold key executive positions within the franchise and their racist beliefs prevented potential Red Sox teams that could have featured Jackie Robinson, Willie Mays and Ted Williams in the same lineup. It’s scary to think what the trio would have been capable of together. They certainly would have had a say in the great Yankees Dynasty of the 1950’s. I qualify this book as focused on the Red Sox but to believe that racism did not occur within the halls of other MLB organizations, including the New York Yankees, would be very wrong. Even the Dodgers organization, as the first team to feature a black player on its roster in 1947, was later marred by the racist words of their former General Manager, Al Campanis, who was fired in 1987. The book briefly mentioned Elston Howard, who was the first and sadly only black player on the Yankee rosters for years during the 1950’s. Howard later played for the Red Sox. Tom Yawkey purchased the Red Sox in 1933. Yawkey had admired Eddie Collins, a former second baseman with the Philadelphia Athletics and Chicago White Sox, and appointed him as the team’s vice president and general manager when he took over control of the team. Collins had been with the White Sox during the infamous Black Sox scandal of 1919 when they threw the World Series to the Cincinnati Reds but Collins had been cleared of any wrongdoing. In 1935, Yawkey traded for Washington Nationals shortstop Joe Cronin, developing close friendships with both Collins and Cronin. From basically 1933 through 1958, Collins and/or Cronin controlled all player movement within the Red Sox organization. With these two men, I believe, Yawkey tarnished his legacy. Whether he was racist or not is not really the point, he allowed racism to exist to the detriment of the city and the franchise and that makes him responsible. After passing on Jackie Robinson in 1945, the Red Sox had a unique opportunity to sign Willie Mays four years later due to an exclusive lease arrangement that existed between a Red Sox affiliate, the Birmingham Barons, and the Negro League’s Black Barons. Cronin, by that time the GM for the Red Sox, had been tipped off about the incredible talents of the 18-year-old Mays and he sent a reluctant and racist scout to Alabama to watch Mays. According to stories, it rained for three days and the scout sent the Red Sox front office a negative review, perhaps without ever laying eyes on the legendary Say Hey Kid. It was another missed opportunity for the Red Sox, although I am sure the New York/San Francisco Giants didn’t mind. The Red Sox were the last Major League Baseball team to add a black player to its roster. While the rest of the Major League teams were slowly starting to integrate, it would take the Red Sox over a decade before they would finally add a person of color to their team. Elijah “Pumpsie” Green, Jr. was born in Richmond, CA (East Bay near Oakland) in 1935. His brother, Cornell, someone I’ve been aware of since my childhood, was a star defensive back for the Dallas Cowboys. However, I never knew who Pumpsie Green was until reading the book. Fighting through racism within the organization and at the team’s training facility in Scottsdale, Arizona, Green believed that he was going to open the 1959 season as the first black player for the Red Sox. At the eleventh hour, one of the noted racists within the Red Sox organization, manager Mike “Pinky” Higgins demoted Green to the minor leagues. Fortunately, it would prove to be a temporary decision. Higgins was fired 73 games into the ’59 season and replaced by Bill Jurges. By that time, Eddie Collins was dead and Joe Cronin had left the Red Sox to become President of the American League. Green finally got the call to join the Red Sox later during the summer and on July 21, 1959, Pumpsie became the first African American player to take the field for the Red Sox when he was inserted as a pinch-runner for Vic Wertz and stayed in the game to play shortstop in Boston’s 2-1 loss to the Chicago White Sox. After the game, Green wept in the clubhouse. I cannot begin to imagine the emotions he must have felt that day. On a side note about Pumpsie Green, Red Sox Hall of Famer Ted Williams routinely warmed up with Green before games. It became a superstition for Ted but for Pumpsie, he remembered Williams as one of few who treated him both as a ballplayer and a man. I personally haven’t followed Red Sox history, but the way Williams approached Green gives me newfound respect for the Hall of Famer. Photo Credit: AP Pitcher Earl Wilson might have been the first African American player for the Red Sox if not for a two-year military commitment. Originally drafted as a catcher, Wilson blossomed as a hard-throwing pitcher and roomed with Pumpsie Green for a time. But for Wilson, the Red Sox years were hard ones. After the ’59 season was over, Tom Yawkey fired Billy Jurges and restored the racist Pinky Higgins as manager. As their careers moved into the early 1960’s, Green’s career was quietly coming to a close (the lack of consistent playing time prevented him from realizing his potential) while Wilson was becoming more prominent. In 1962, Wilson (12-8, 3.90 ERA) threw a no-hitter against the Los Angeles Angels. When Yawkey fired Higgins as manager in 1962, Wilson felt Yawkey was finally opening his eyes to what a divisive man Higgins had been. Unfortunately, Yawkey surprised everyone by making Higgins his general manager. Higgins was the GM in June 1965 when the Red Sox traded Earl Wilson to the Detroit Tigers along with Joe Christopher for Don Demeter and Julio Navarro. Wilson won 22 games for the 1967 Tigers, although the Tigers finished a game behind The Impossible Dream Red Sox that year, and he accumulated 338 victories overall for his career. Although Wilson lost Game 3 of the Series, he celebrated a World Series Championship with the Tigers in 1968. It’s sad that a pitcher primed for tremendous MLB success in Boston saw his greatest days in Detroit. In a twist of irony, Tom Yawkey fired Pinky Higgins as GM on September 16, 1965, the same day Red Sox pitcher Dave Morehead tossed a no-hitter against the Cleveland Indians. After his firing, while in Louisiana, Higgins drove his car into a group of black highway workers. He killed one man, a white World War II veteran and injured three others. He was charged with driving while intoxicated and sentenced to four years. However, he was paroled after serving only two months in 1969. But just two days after his release, Higgins dropped dead from a heart attack. As Earl Wilson would say while in Detroit when asked to comment on his former manager, “Good things happen to some people”. I was appalled to learn that The Elks Club, as recently as the 1980’s, condoned racism. The Elks Club in Winter Haven, FL, the site of Red Sox spring training at the time would issue invitations to white players, but not the blacks. Growing up in the Midwest in the 70's, my step father was an active member of The Elks Club and served as the Exalted Ruler for the local chapter in my hometown in 1978. I was unaware the organization condoned racism and I am deeply saddened to have been connected to such a pitiful organization. I may have been a kid but I feel a responsibility that I should have known better. I only hope that my step-father's chapter did not practice racism like the Winter Haven chapter did. My mother and step-father have passed away so it is not a discussion I can have with them. To back up a little, I vividly recall when Jim Rice and Fred Lynn burst onto the Major League scene for Boston in the mid-70's. They were great players from the start. Living far away in the Midwest, I didn't see how the players were treated differently in their own city. Jim Rice, backed by his superior talent, had the power to be a major voice for the black community but it wasn't his personality. He was introspective and to the media, he was unfriendly and considered sullen. I know Rice has gotten into tiffs with Derek Jeter and CC Sabathia over the years for whatever reasons, but I am not trying to indict the man. He was an incredible ball player. In a career spent entirely in Boston, Rice hit 382 home runs and drove in 1,451 runs. His career batting average was a healthy .298 and he had 2,452 hits in a career that spanned from 1974 to 1989. He was an eight-time All Star, AL MVP in the Bucky "F**king" Dent year of 1978, a two-time Silver Slugger Award winner, three-time AL home run leader, and two-time AL RBI leader. Yet, his number (14) was not retired by the Red Sox until two days after his Hall of Fame induction in July 2009. No one wore the number after his retirement but still, Rice is among the Red Sox Legends and deserved better treatment. Rice was charitable and a humanitarian. I think he is misunderstood because of his personality and I'd like to think he could have done more to help pave the way for black players in Boston, but there is no denying the man was one of the best in the history of the Red Sox to pick up a glove, bat and ball. Noted baseball columnist Peter Gammons believed history would have been significantly different had Rice taken an active role in voicing his thoughts about the climate and culture of the Red Sox organization. To Rice's defense, I'll use this quote from the book's author: "Had Rice been white, he would have been lauded as a modern-day Gil Hodges: strong, silent, important. Being black, though, meant Rice was moody, arrogant and distant." These words prove to me that I have absolutely no idea what it was like to walk in Jim Rice's shoes. Photo Credit: Boston Globe (Stan Grossfeld) The next great superstar in the Red Sox organization was slugger Mo Vaughn. He was drafted in Rice's last year in 1989. For an organization that had featured so many outsiders over the years, Vaughn was a New Englander. He was from Norwalk, CT and had frequently visited Boston while growing up. He was hailed as the first local Red Sox star since Carlton Fisk. As a Yankees fan, I despised Vaughn coming to the plate, much like how I'd later feel about David “Big Papi” Ortiz or more recently, Mookie Betts. These men knew/know how to use Fenway Park to their full advantage. Vaughn was the AL Most Valuable Player in 1995. The city of Boston accepted Vaughn as their own and he was able to transcend the issue of race in his city. Vaughn loved the city of Boston and wanted to spend his entire career there. The GM at the time, Dan Duquette, brought an era of diversity to the Red Sox. He corrected many of the wrongs committed by previous regimes and reconnected with former black players like Tommy Harper, Dave Henderson, Reggie Smith, and Jim Rice. But for all his positives, Duquette had his faults. He had a reputation of being difficult to work with and he frustrated those who worked for him. The relationship between Duquette and Vaughn became irreparable in 1998 when Vaughn was led to believe that he would be offered four-year contract for approximately $42 million (Peter Gammons believed they had reached agreement). Yet, when the offer came, it was only two years for $17 million. Using the media, the Red Sox orchestrated a smear campaign on the popular Vaughn. Vaughn had put together six monster years for the Red Sox, but on November 25, 1998 as a free agent, he left the team to sign a six-year, $80 million contract with the Anaheim Angels. It was a sad day for Boston and for Baseball in general. Vaughn was not a So-Cal kind of guy. He was a New Englander who should have called Fenway Park home for his entire career. I certainly do not feel that Dan Duquette is a racist but this might have been one of the saddest stories while reading the book. On February 22, 2002, the legacy of Tom Yawkey was ended when John Harrington sold the club to an ownership group led by John Henry, Tom Werner and Larry Lucchino. It brought much needed closure for the Yawkey Era, and it set the Red Sox on a path that has yielded four World Series championships in fourteen years. Before reading the book, I am not sure that I fully understood the huge impact John Henry has had on the Red Sox organization and how he has, through actions and not just words, rebranded the Red Sox organization into an exemplary model of professionalism and class. Well, maybe not for Yankee fans like me, but the current ownership group should be applauded for making a difference. As Julia pointed out to me, while the history of the Red Sox organization wasn't always pretty, the other Boston sports franchises were ground-breakers with integration. Willie O'Ree is referred to as the "Jackie Robinson of ice hockey" (the first black player in the NHL). He made his NHL debut with the Boston Bruins on January 18, 1958. Chuck Cooper became the first black player drafted in the NBA when he was selected with the first pick in the second round of the 1950 NBA Draft by the Boston Celtics. Legendary Celtics coach/executive Red Auerbach put together the NBA's first all-black starting five in 1964. In the inaugural American Football League draft in 1960, the Boston Patriots selected running back Ron Burton in the first round as their first-ever pick. Rommie Loudd became the AFL's first black coach when he was named linebackers coach for the Patriots in 1966. Loudd later became the first black top executive in major league sports as the owner of the World Football League's Florida Blazers in 1974. There is so much more to the book than I've touched on with this short essay. Racism continues to be a big part of our everyday life in 2018 and it must stop. We've made some progress, but we are not where we need to be. We live in a current climate of hatred and blame which allows racism to survive. If I have one wish, it is a hope and prayer I live to see the end of racism as we know it. Even this week, there were reports out of the Seattle Mariners organization that their former Director of High Performance, Dr. Lorena Martin, has made allegations of derogatory comments made by GM Jerry DiPoto, Manager Scott Servais, and Director of Player Development Andy McKay with racial and sexist overtones. Maybe it is a case of a disgruntled former employee, but maybe it is not. Where there's smoke, there's generally fire. If true, this is unacceptable behavior that cannot be tolerated. I think all of us want a better tomorrow for our children and their children. The work to make it happen starts here. No looking back, the focus should be on now and the future, and how we can help each other be successful and live meaningful, rewarding lives. As they say, none of us are getting out of here alive. We should live these days to the best of our ability and to share love and happiness around the World. That’s a wrap. While I wish that I had won the bet with Julia, I learned a great deal from the book and hopefully I can be a better person as a result. Enjoy your World Series championship, Julia. Your team earned it. But rest assured, the New York Yankees will be back, stronger than ever in 2019. Until next time… Posted by Scott Fiedler at 6:30 AM Labels: @werbiefitz, Boston, Champions, Earl Wilson, Howard Bryant, Jackie Robinson, Jim Rice, John Henry, MLB, Mo Vaughn, Peter Gammons, Pumpsie Green, Red Sox, Shut Out, Ted Williams, World Series Surendra Ponrathnam November 15, 2018 at 8:09 AM Thank you for the wonderful write up. Saving it in my facebook page. IBWAA SELECTS DEGROM, SNELL IN CY VOTE 2018 World Series Champions: The Boston Red Sox......	cc/2020-05/en_head_0067.json.gz/line453
__label__wiki	0.67213	0.67213	We Love DC Your Life Beyond The Capitol Food Truck Tracker Tag Archives: Virginia Tech Sports Fix By Dave Levy 1:00 pm30 Aug 2010 ‘Zim be nimble, Zim be quick’ courtesy of ‘philliefan99′ Record: 56-75 (Last in the NL East) Last Two Weeks: 5-8 The impossible-to-miss, off-field story involves none other than his Royal Strasburg. Late last week, the team announced that a tear in Strasburg’s pitching elbow will require reconstructive surgery of the Tommy John type. The Nats enter the last month of the season looking towards next year, but it is also safe to say that many already think even next season could be a lost cause. Still, in the “looking forward” department, there is still at least one bright spot: Bryce Harper was on the scene at Nationals Park, putting on a Nats jersey and launching bombs during batting practice. On the field, things have been up and down. Last week, the Nationals got swept at home by the lowly Cubs, but managed to take three out of four from a Cardinals squad that is very much in contention in the Central to conclude the homestand. For a team that’s been fairly lifeless in the past month, maybe the Strasburg news is a reminder that no one man makes a club. In the next two weeks, the Nats will play the majority of their games against NL East rivals, save one trip to Pittsburgh next weekend. Tags: capitals, Mystics, nationals, Navy, Redskins, Sports Fix, United, university of maryland, Virginia Tech, Wizards We Love Photos Select Month April 2015 March 2015 November 2014 October 2014 September 2014 August 2014 July 2014 June 2014 May 2014 April 2014 March 2014 February 2014 January 2014 December 2013 November 2013 October 2013 September 2013 August 2013 July 2013 June 2013 May 2013 April 2013 March 2013 February 2013 January 2013 December 2012 November 2012 October 2012 September 2012 August 2012 July 2012 June 2012 May 2012 April 2012 March 2012 February 2012 January 2012 December 2011 November 2011 October 2011 September 2011 August 2011 July 2011 June 2011 May 2011 April 2011 March 2011 February 2011 January 2011 December 2010 November 2010 October 2010 September 2010 August 2010 July 2010 June 2010 May 2010 April 2010 March 2010 February 2010 January 2010 December 2009 November 2009 October 2009 September 2009 August 2009 July 2009 June 2009 May 2009 April 2009 March 2009 February 2009 January 2009 December 2008 November 2008 October 2008 September 2008 August 2008 July 2008 June 2008 May 2008 April 2008 March 2008 February 2008 January 2008 December 2007 November 2007 October 2007 September 2007 August 2007 July 2007 June 2007 May 2007 April 2007 March 2007 February 2007 January 2007 December 2006 November 2006 October 2006 September 2006 August 2006 July 2006 June 2006 May 2006 April 2006 March 2006 February 2006 January 2006 December 2005 November 2005 October 2005 September 2005 August 2005 July 2005 June 2005 May 2005 April 2005 March 2005 February 2005 January 2005 December 2004 November 2004 October 2004 September 2004 August 2004 July 2004 Know The Law: Buying Liquor Online DC Mythbusting: White House Flag DC Mythbusting: Monumental Myths DC Mythbusting: The Height Limit! Navigate » About We Love DC We Love DC is a locally-owned DC news and lifestyle blog, covering News, Sports, Food, Transit, Politics and Music for all of DC... Read More We Love DC on Facebook @welovedc Performance Optimization WordPress Plugins by W3 EDGE	cc/2020-05/en_head_0067.json.gz/line458
__label__cc	0.588593	0.411407	West Bay Discovery Centre A treasure trove of West Bay stories, activities and information. Virtual Tour of West Bay Discovery Centre Discovery Volunteers Business Sponsorship 2019 Privacy Pages Author: Vince O'Farrell Posted on May 5, 2017 April 23, 2018 Tourist information for West Bay Please note that the West Bay Visitor/Discovery Centre building and the associated telephone number for the Bridport Area Development Trust is NOT the West Bay Tourist Information Centre (TIC). There is no dedicated TIC in West Bay at present. The telephone number for the Bridport TIC is 01308 424901 with tourist information for Bridport and West Bay also available on these websites: http://bridportandwestbay.co.uk/ https://www.visit-dorset.com/visitor-information/bridport-tourist-information-centre-p396553 Posted on February 21, 2016 May 6, 2017 What has happened recently at the Chapel on the Beach? This Methodist Church, known locally as the Chapel on the Beach, is no longer in use as a Place of Worship. It is now owned by the Bridport Area Development Trust (BADT), a local community organisation dedicated to the restoration and reuse of historic buildings. The Trust intends to establish the Church as a West Bay Visitor Centre providing information about the history and environment of West Bay and the surrounding area. The Church was open to the public during Summer 2014. Temporary displays tested interest in various themes such as the Church itself, West Bay, its history, and information about the local area. At the same time BADT secured funds from West Dorset District Council (WDDC) and the Architectural Heritage Fund to carry out a condition survey and undertake urgent works to protect and conserve the fabric of the building. Repair works were carried out to the roof and gutters in early 2015 and a more detailed condition report was commissioned. Damp penetration is causing significant damage to floors and walls. Woodworm infestation of the internal screen is also putting at risk all timber in the building. A local heritage architect has been engaged to develop plans for both the restoration and conversion of the building. The introduction of a mezzanine at the north end of the building will provide additional floor space and new accessible toilet facilities will cater for people working in the building. A Listed Building application for this restoration and conversion work was approved by WDDC in 2015. Further funding will need to be found to carry out the restoration. A programme of public consultation has been developed to ask both visitors and local residents what they would like to see in the Visitor Centre. We will be holding public information events during 2016 and have produced a questionnaire (which was introduced at the 2015 Melplash Show) to inform our future plans – we welcome your views! The questionnaire can be completed online here. For more information, to share your views, or to join our mailing list to keep up to date with progress, please do get in touch wbvc@bridportadt.org.uk South West Tourism Award Finals Dorset Tourism Awards 2019 Architecture in West Bay Shipbuilding in West Bay Crabbing in West Bay Creating West Bay Discovery Centre Stories from our exhibitions West Bay information Bridport & West Bay Tourist Information Centre Jurassic Coast walk around West Bay Jurassic Coast safety advice Live West Bay Web Cam Where can we go West Bay Discovery Centre is owned and operated by Bridport Area Development Trust, reg charity no. 1137231 Privacy Pages Proudly powered by WordPress	cc/2020-05/en_head_0067.json.gz/line459
__label__wiki	0.630689	0.630689	Kivai, S., Loyola, L., Wieczkowski, J. King, J., de Jong, Y., Allen, L., Ting, N. & Butynski, T. 2019 Tana River red colobus Piliocolobus rufomitratus (Peters, 1879). In: Primates in Peril: The World’s 25 Most Endangered Primates 2018–2020. C. Schwitzer et al. IUCN/SSC Primate Specialist Group, International Primatological Society, Global Wildlife Conservation, and Bristol Zoological Society, Washington, DC. Pp. 43–45. Butynski, T.M. & De Jong, Y.A. 2019 Distribution, abundance, and natural history of Lelwel hartebeest (Alcelaphus buselaphus lelwel Heuglin, 1877) on Lolldaiga Hills Ranch, central Kenya. Gnusletter 36: 22–27. Svensson, M. S., Butynski, T. M., De Jong, Y. A., Bearder, S. K., Schneiderová & Nijman, V. 2019 Low geographic and subspecific variation in the loud call of the widespread and phenotypically cryptic northern lesser galago (Galago senegalensis) suggests taxonomic uniformity. Folia Primatologica 90: 300–318. Bettridge C.M., Kenworthy S.P., Butynski T.M., De Jong Y.A. & De Kort S.R. 2019 Vocal repertoire and intraspecific variation within two loud calls of the small-eared greater galago (Otolemur garnettii) in Tanzania and Kenya Folia Primatologica 90: 319 – 335 Butynski, T.M. & De Jong, Y.A. 2019 Primates of Africa’s Coastal Deltas and Their Conservation. In: K. Nowak, A. Barnett, & I. Matsuda (Eds.), Primates in Flooded Habitats: Ecology and Conservation. pp. 244-258. Musila, S., Monadjem, A., Webala, P.W., Patterson, B.D., Hutterer, R., De Jong, Y.A., Butynski, T.M., Mwangi, G., Chen & Z.Z, Jiang, X.L. 2018 An annotated checklist of mammals of Kenya Zoological Research 10.24272/j.issn.2095-8137.2018.059 De Jong, Y.A., d'Huart, J.-P. & Butynski, T.M. 2018 Biogeography and conservation of desert warthog (Phacochoerus aethiopicus) and common warthog (Phacochoerus africanus) in the Horn of Africa 12th International Symposium on Wild Boar and Other Suids, Lázně Bělohrad, Czech Republic De Jong, Y.A., Butynski, T.M. & Dekker, N.F.H. 2018 Babies from the bush…. Meet Kenya’s galagos (part 2) Komba (2) Svensson, M. S, Nekaris, K. A. I., Bearder, S. K., Bettridge, C., Butynski, T. M., Cheyne, S. M., Das, N., De Jong, Y. A., Luhrs, A. M., Luncz, L., Maddock, S. T., Perin, A., Pimley, E., Poindexter, S., Reinhardt, K. D., Spaan, D., Stark, D. J., Starr, C. 2018 Sleep patterns, daytime predation, and the evolution of diurnal sleep site selection in lorisiforms American Journal of Physical Anthropology 166(3) Butynski, T.M. & De Jong, Y.A. 2018 Geographic range, taxonomy, and conservation of the Mount Kilimanjaro guereza colobus monkey (Primates: Cercopithecidae: Colobus) Hystrix De Jong, Y.A. & Butynski, T.M. 2018 Pocket Identification Guide of the Primates of East Africa Global Wildlife Conservation, Tropical Pocket Guide Series De Jong, Y.A., Butynski, T.M. & Dekker, N.F.H. 2018 Babies from the bush…. Meet Kenya’s galagos Komba (1) Butynski, T.M. & De Jong, Y.A. 2017 Common warthog (Phacochoerus africanus) Chapter 9 In Ecology, Evolution and Management of Wild Pigs and Peccaries. Implications for Conservation. Melletti, M. & Meijaard, E., eds. Cambridge University Press, Cambridge, UK. Pp 85-100 De Jong, Y.A. & Butynski, T.M. 2017 Desert warthog (Phacochoerus aethiopicus) Chapter 10 In Ecology, Evolution and Management of Wild Pigs and Peccaries. Implications for Conservation. Melletti, M. & Meijaard, E., eds. Cambridge University Press, Cambridge, UK. Pp 85-100 De Jong, Y.A. & Butynski, T.M. 2017 Distributions in Uganda, Kenya, and north Tanzania of members of the Günther’s dik-dik Madoqua (guentheri) and Kirk’s dik-dik M. (kirkii) species groups, regions of sympatry, records of aberrant-coloured individuals, and comment on the validity of Hodson’s dik-dik M. (g.) hodsoni Gnusletter Butynski, T.M. & De Jong, Y.A. 2017 Biogeography, Taxonomy, Abundance, and Conservation Status of the Primates of Northeast Uganda and West Kenya Unpublished report by the Eastern Africa Primate Diversity and Conservation Programme & Lolldaiga Hills Research Programme De Jong, Y.A. & Butynski, T.M. 2017 Photographic Maps for the Primates, Warthogs, Dik-diks and Hyraxes of Africa African Primates 12: 74-75 De Jong, Y.A. & Butynski, T.M. 2017 Survey of eastern patas monkey Erythrocebus patas pyrrhonotus, other primates, warthogs, dik-diks, and waterbuck in Laikipia County, central Kenya Unpublished report by the Eastern Africa Primate Diversity and Conservation Programme & Lolldaiga Hills Research Programme Amin, R. ,Wacher, T. & Butynski, T.M. 2017 Sympatry among three suid species (family Suidae) on the north coast of Kenya Journal of East African Natural History 106(2): 67–78. Butynski, T.M. & De Jong, Y.A. 2017 The Mount Kenya Potto is a Subspecies of the Eastern Potto Perodicticus ibeanus Primate Conservation 31: 49-52 De Jong, Y.A. & Butynski, T.M. 2016 Primate diversity and conservation in Kenya: Summary of the IUCN/SSC African Primate Red List Assessment Workshop in Rome Unpublished report by the Eastern Africa Primate Diversity and Conservation Programme & Lolldaiga Hills Research Programme Butynski, T.M. & De Jong, Y.A 2016 South Western Mau Forest Reserve; Game-proof Barrier Feasibility Study Report prepared for ISLA/IDH by Rhino Ark Charitable Trust Butynski, T.M. & Hamerlynck, O. 2016 Tana River Red Colobus Piliocolobus rufomitratus (Peters, 1879) Primates in Peril: The World’s 25 Most Endangered Primates 2014–2016. C. Schwitzer, R. A. Mittermeier, A. B. Rylands, F. Chiozza, E. A. Williamson, J. Wallis & A. Cotton, eds. IUCN/SSC Primate Specialist Group, Arlington, VA. Pp. 20–22. Butynski, T.M. & De Jong, Y.A. 2015 Distribution and Conservation Status of the Mount Kilimanjaro Guereza Colobus guereza caudatus Thomas, 1885 Primate Conservation (29): 107–113 De Jong, Y.A., Butynski, T.M., Mathiu, J., Roberts, M., Benson, P. & Parkenga, P. 2015 Distribution and Abundance of Some of the Larger Mammals of Lolldaiga Hills Ranch, Central Kenya Unpublished report by the Lolldaiga Hills Research Programme Butynski, T.M. & De Jong, Y.A. 2015 Laikipia County, Geography, Environment, and Biodiversity Unpublished Report Zinner, D., Keller, C., Nyahongo, J.W., Butynski, T.M., De Jong, Y.A., Pozzi, L., Knauf, S., Liedigk, R. & Roos, C. 2015 Distribution of mitochondrial clades and morphotypes of baboons Papio ssp. (Primates: Cercopithecidae) in Eastern Africa Journal of East African Natural History 104(1&2): 143–168 De Jong, Y.A. & Butynski, T.M. 2015 Primate Survey Raises Question: Are Uganda’s Northernmost Chimpanzees Vanishing? Explorers Journal, National Geographic Society De Jong, Y.A. & Butynski, T.M. 2015 Why Uganda´s Bushfires Aren’t All Bad Explorers Journal, National Geographic Society Butynski, T.M., Parker, I. & De Jong, Y.A. 2015 Historic and current distribution, abundance, and habitats of Roosevelt’s sable antelope Hippotragus niger roosevelti (Heller, 1910)(Cerartiodactyla: Bovidae) in Kenya Journal of East African Natural History 104: 41-77 De Jong, Y.A. & Butynski, T.M. 2014 Distribution, Abundance, Ecology, and Conservation Status of the Desert Warthog (Phacochoerus aethiopicus) in Northern Kenya. Unpublished Report to the National Geographic Society. Washington D.C. De Jong, Y.A. & Butynski, T.M. 2014 Notes on the Primates of Northwestern Kenya Unpublished report to the National Geographic Society Bray, T.C., Mohammed O.B, Butynski, T.M., Wronsk, T., Sandouka, M.A., Alagaili, A.N. 2014 Genetic variation and subspecific status of the grey wolf (Canis lupus) in Saudi Arabia Mammalian Biology Kopp, G.H., Roos, C., Butynski, T.M., Wildman, D.E., Alagaili, A.H., Groeneveld, L.F., Zinner, D. 2014 Out of Africa, but how and when? The case of hamadryas baboons (Papio hamadryas) Journal of Human Evolution: 1-11 Butynski, T.M. & De Jong, Y.A. 2014 Biogeography, Taxonomy, Abundance, and Conservation Status of the Primates of North-eastern Uganda Update to NGS from the Field Butynski, T.M. & De Jong, Y.A. 2014 Primate Conservation in the Rangeland Agroecosystem of Laikipia County, Central Kenya Primate Conservation (28): 117−128 Bearder, S.K., Butynski, T.M. & De Jong, Y.A. 2013 Vocal Profiles for the Galagos: A Tool for Identification Primate Conservation 27: 75 Hart, J., Butynski, T.M., Sarmiento, E.E. & De Jong, Y.A. 2013 Cercopithecus hamlyni Owl-faces Monkey(Hamlyn’s Monkey) In: The Mammals of Africa - Volume II: Primates (eds. Butynski, T.M., Kingdon, J. & Kalina, J.). Bloomsbury Publishers, London. Pp. 339-344. Butynski, T.M., Atickem, A. & De Jong, Y.A. 2013 Chlorocebus djamdjamensis Djam-Djam Monkey (Bale Monkey) In: The Mammals of Africa - Volume II: Primates (eds. Butynski, T.M., Kingdon, J. & Kalina, J.). Bloomsbury Publishers, London. Pp. 287-290. Butynski, T.M. & De Jong, Y.A. 2013 Galago gallarum Somali Lesser Galago (Somali Bushbaby) In: The Mammals of Africa - Volume II: Primates (eds. Butynski, T.M., Kingdon, J. & Kalina, J.). Bloomsbury Publishers, London. Pp. 434-436. Butynski, T.M. & De Jong, Y.A. 2013 2013 Galago matschiei Spectacled Lesser Galago (Eastern Needle-clawed Galago) In: The Mammals of Africa - Volume II: Primates (eds. Butynski, T.M., Kingdon, J. & Kalina, J.). Bloomsbury Publishers, London. Pp. 437-441. Lerp, H., Wronski, T., Butynski, T. M. & Plath, M. 2013 Speciation of Arabian gazelles In: Speciation: Natural Processes, Genetics and Biodiversity. P. Michalak, ed. Nova Science, Hauppauge, New York. Pp. 59-82. Butynski, T.M., Kingdon, J. & Kalina, J. 2013 The Mammals of Africa – Volume II: Primates Bloomsbury Publishers, London, 556 pp. Butynski, T.M., Douglas-Dufreshne, H. & De Jong, Y.A. 2012 Identification, Distribution and Conservation Status of the African Golden Cat Caracal aurata in Kenya. Journal of East African Natural History 101 (1): 3-16. De Jong, Y.A. & Butynski, T.M. 2012 The Primates of East Africa: Country Lists and Conservation Priorities. African Primates 7 (2): 135-155. Butynski, T.M. & De Jong, Y.A. 2012 Survey of the Primates of the Loita Hills, Kenya Unpublished report to Primate Conservation Inc., Rhode Island, USA. Svensson, M., Bearder, S., Perkin, A. De Jong, Y. & Butynski, T. 2012 Biological variation across the range of Galago senegalensis Poster Presentation, Nocturnal Primate Research Group, Oxford Brookes University, Oxford, UK. Butynski, T.M., Douglas-Dufreshne, H. & De Jong, Y.A. 2012 Identification, Distribution and Conservation Status of the African Golden Cat Caracal aurata in Kenya Journal of East African Natural History 101 (1): 3-16. De Jong, Y.A., Butynski, T.M. 2011 Survey of the Patas Monkey in Laikipia. Laikipia Wildlife Forum Newsletter, June 2011. Butynski, T.M. & De Jong, Y.A. 2011 Zanzibar red colobus on Pemba Island, Tanzania: population status 38 years post-introduction In: Global Re-introduction Perspectives: 2011(ed. Soorae, P.S.). IUCN/SSC Re-introduction Specialist Group, Abu Dhabi, UAE. pp 168-174. De Jong, Y.A. & Butynski, T.M. 2011 Primate Survey on the North Coast of Kenya Biogeography, Diversity and Conservation Unpublished report De Jong, Y.A. & Butynski, T.M. 2010 Assessment of the primates, large mammals and birds of the Mathews Range Forest Reserve, central Kenya Unpublished report to The Nature Conservancy, Washington D.C. De Jong, Y.A. & Butynski, T.M. 2010 Photographic map for hyraxes (Procavidae) Afrotherian Conservation Number 7: 19-20. De Jong, Y.A. & Butynski, T.M. 2010 Photographic Maps of the Primates of Kenya and Tanzania: A Tool for Identification and Conservation Primate Conservation 25: 27-32 De Jong, Y.A. & Butynski, T.M. 2010 Request for Photographs of the Rock Hyrax (Procavia capensis) in the Middle East Wildlife Middle East Newsletter 4 (4): 9-10. De Jong, Y.A. & Butynski, T.M. 2010 Three Sykes’s Monkey Cercopithecus mitis × Vervet Monkey Chlorocebus pygerythrus Hybrids in Kenya Primate Conservation 25: 43-56 Butynski, T.M & De Jong, Y.A. 2010 Warthogs: An Alert to Zoos, Museums, Trophy Hunters, and Conservationists Suiform Soundings 9: 10-13 Butynski, T.M. & De Jong, Y.A. 2010 Encounters with a Mixed Up Monkey. Swara January - March De Jong, Y.A. & Butynski, T.M. 2010 Three Sykes’s Monkey Cercopithecus mitis × Vervet Monkey Chlorocebus pygerythrus Hybrids in Kenya. Primate Conservation 25: 43-56. Butynski, T.M., De Jong, Y.A. & Hearn, G.W. 2009 Body Measurements of the Monkeys of Bioko Island, Equatorial Guinea Primate Conservation 24: 99-105 De Jong, Y.A., Butynski, T.M., Isbell, L.A. & Lewis, C. 2009 Decline in the geographical range of the southern patas monkey Erythrocebus patas baumstarki in Tanzania. Oryx 43: 267-274 De Jong, Y. A. Culverwell, J. & Butynski T.M 2009 Desert warthog Phacochoerus aethiopicus found in Tsavo East National Park and Tsavo West National Park, southern Kenya Suiform Soundings 8: 4-6. De Jong, Y.A & Butynski, T.M. 2009 Primate Biogeography, Diversity, Taxonomy and Conservation of the Coastal Forests of Kenya. Report to the Critical Ecosystem Partnership Fund. Eastern Africa Primate Diversity and Conservation Program, Nanyuki, Kenya. Butynski, T.M. & De Jong, Y.A. 2009 Primates of Mahale Mountains National Park, Tanzania. Pocket guide Culverwell, J., Feely, J., Bell-Cross, S., De Jong, Y.A. & Butynski, T. M. 2008 A new pig for Tsavo Swara 31: 50-52. De Jong, Y.A., Butynski, T.M. & Nekaris, K.A. 2008 Distribution and conservation of the patas monkey Erythrocebus patas in Kenya Journal of East African Natural History 97: 83-102 Strum, S., Manzolillo Nightingale, D., De Jong, Y. & Sandoval, J.M. 2008 Guess who’s coming to dinner Swara 31 (4): 24-29. Butynski, T. M. & de Jong, Y. A. 2007 Distribution of the potto (primates: Lorisidae) Perodicticus potto (Müller, 1776) in Eastern Africa, with a description of a new subspecies from Mount Kenya Journal of East African Natural History 96:113-147. De Jong, Y.A. 2006 Monkey in Red Swara. March 29: 26-28. Butynski, T.M., de Jong, Y.A., Perkin, A.W., Bearder, S.K., & Honess, P.E. 2006 Taxonomy, Distribution, and Conservation Status of Three Species of Dwarf Galagos (Galagoides) in Eastern Africa. Primate Conservation 21: 63-79 De Jong, Y.A. & Butynski, T.M. 2004 Life in the thornbush – the Somali bushbaby Swara 27- 22. Butynski, T.M. & De Jong, Y.A. 2004 Natural history of the Somali lesser galago (Galago gallarum) Journal of East African Natural History 93: 23-38 De Jong, Y.A. & T.M. Butynski. 2004 Surveys of the Somali lesser bushbaby (Galago gallarum) and Northern lesser bushbaby (Galago senegalensis) in Kenya & Ethiopia. Unpublished report to the Primate Action Fund and Primate Conservation Inc., Washington, D.C. Butynski, T.M. & De Jong, Y.A. 2004 Where are Kenya’s potto’s Swara 27: 17. Perkin, A.W. & Butynski, T.M. 2002 A Note on the Somali Galago Galago gallarum (Thomas, 1901) African Primate 6: 48-49. Butynski, T.M. 1999 Aberdares National Park and Aberdares Forest Reserves wildlife fence placement study and recommendations A Report for the Kenya Wildlife Service and the Kenya Forest Department Butynski, T.M. 1984 Ecological survey of the Impenetrable (Bwindi) Forest, Uganda, and recommendations for its conservation and management. Unpublished report. Wildlife Conservation International, New York Zoological Society. A complete overview of primate profiles by T.M. Butynski published in the Mammals of Africa, Volume II: Primates, can be found here. The Mammals of Africa By Jonathan Kingdon, David Happold, Thomas Butynski, Michael Hoffmann, Meredith Happold, Jan Kalina ‘Mammals of Africa (MoA) is a series of six volumes which describes, in detail, every currently recognized species of African land mammal. This is the first time that such extensive coverage has ever been attempted, and the volumes incorporate the very latest information and detailed discussion of the morphology, distribution, biology and evolution (including reference to fossil and molecular data) of Africa’s mammals…’ News, Blogs & Publications Twitter List Peter Grubb’s unpublished manuscript 'Systematics of Red Colobus Monkeys (subgenus Piliocolobus)' now available on:… https://t.co/hcKZrHMyI2 by WildSolutions.nl Have you (or somebody you know) encountered patas monkeys (Erythrocebus patas) anywhere in Tanzania over the last 1… https://t.co/DwqcAZFCfv RT @Lolldaiga_Hills: New note: Distribution, abundance, and natural history of Lelwel Hartebeest on Lolldaiga Hills Ranch, central Kenya. h… https://t.co/yionb1L8ZB	cc/2020-05/en_head_0067.json.gz/line461
__label__wiki	0.94289	0.94289	IOLANI; OR, TAHITI AS IT WAS; A ROMANCE [Plot Summary] The first published edition of Iolani in 1999 Collins's first novel, unpublished during his lifetime. Iolani was written during 1844 while he was employed by Antrobus & Co in the Strand. In 1845 it was submitted to Longman's who initially considered publishing it on condition that Collins's father would cover the costs. The manuscript was subsequently declined by Chapman & Hall and other London publishers. Collins Later recalled in Appleton's Journal (3 September 1870) that his 'youthful imagination ran riot among the noble savages, in scenes which caused the respectable British publishers to declare that it was impossible to put his name on the title-page of such a novel.' The manuscript was later given to Augustin Daly, probably in 1878, and taken to America. In 1900 it was bought at the sale of Daly's library by book dealer George D. Smith for $23 and resold to Howard T. Goodwin, a Philadelphia collector, for $100. After his death in 1903, Iolani was sold at auction to Joseph M. Fox 'a gentleman and cricketer of note.' It remained with the Fox family until re-emerging in New York during 1991. Iolani has now been published by Princeton University Press (edited by Ira B. Nadel). The main source for Iolani was William Ellis' Polynesian Researches (second edition, 4 vols, London 1831-1832) present in Collins's library. He borrowed the names of the four principal characters, Iolani, Aimata, Idia and Mahine, citing Tahitian pronunciation, marriage customs, scenic descriptions and the practice of infanticide which provides the key issue for the novel. Other possible sources were Mary Russell Mitford's Christina, The Maid of the South Seas (1811), Barrow's Account of the Mutiny of the Bounty (1831) and Hall's Fragments of Voyages and Travels (1831). The character of Iolani foreshadows the pagan priest, Ulpius, in Collins's next novel, Antonina (1850); whereas Aimata reappears in 'The Captain's Last Love' (1876). Iolani, the evil High Priest of Oro and brother of the King, fathers a child by Idia. To avoid the local custom of putting the firstborn to death, Idia flees with the help of her courageous young friend, Aimata, to another part of the island where they live under the protection of the local chieftain, Mahine. When war is declared between Mahine and the King, Iolani declares Idia as the next human sacrifice. She goes into hiding with Aimata but they are captured by Iolani who leaves the child to die in the woods. Idia is saved at the point of sacrifice by Mahine's warriors and the King is defeated in a bloodthirsty battle. The wounded Iolani and his brother are exiled to an outlying island while Idia returns to the woods in search of her child. The infant has been saved by an outcast wildman, another victim of Iolani's treachery. Mahine marries Aimata and while blissfully happy neglects his duties as the new leader. Iolani escapes from exile and enlists the aid of Otahara, a sorcerer, who poisons Idia with herbs. Aimata and Mahine return to Tahiti to find the dying Idia whose final wish is for Aimata to bring up the child. The warriors, tired of Mahine's indolence, plan to assassinate him and bring back the banished King. Mahine and Aimata escape by canoe to live peacefully in exile while Iolani eventually kills Otahara in an argument. The priest is watched by the now totally deranged wildman who takes his own revenge. He forces the tightly bound Iolani into a leaking canoe with him and they sail off into an impending storm to their certain death at sea. Horowitz, G. [Bookseller], Wilkie Collins: Iolani; or Tahiti as it was; A Romance: The Original Autograph Manuscript, New York [1991] [Top of Page] [Main Works] [Front Page] All material in these pages is © copyright Andrew Gasson 1998-2010	cc/2020-05/en_head_0067.json.gz/line462
__label__wiki	0.785737	0.785737	Zara Katz is an independent photo editor and video producer for editorial, documentary and branded content. She brings a narrative approach to both still and moving images, specializing in crafting character-driven visual stories. Collaboration is key to her work, from assigning and supporting photo and video journalists in the field, to editing visual portfolios, to working directly with organizations to create and deliver unique original content. She is the co-creator of @EverydayIncarceration, a collaborative Instagram feed looking at 40 years of mass incarceration in the United States and “Women on the Outside,” an ongoing multimedia project and forthcoming documentary film about the financial and emotional toll of supporting an incarcerated loved one. These projects have been supported by the Magnum Foundation and Brown Center for Media Innovation and have been exhibited at The Philadelphia Museum of Art and Eastern State Penitentiary in Philadelphia, Photoville in New York and Fotodoks in Munich, Germany. Katz has worked at The New York Times Lens blog, Time magazine and Newsweek. Last year, she was the Director of Still Photography Production for Lifetime/A+E Networks special digital project, “Her America: 50 Women 50 States.” Most recently, she wrapped a collaborative project with Getty Images, Dove and Girlgaze, to create a new collection of licensable images and the current Dove campaign featuring 179 women around the world. As the Senior Photography Producer on the project, Katz sourced, hired and provided the creative direction for 116 women and non-binary photographers in 39 countries, each of whom was a citizen or resident of the country they represented. After receiving her Master’s degree from CUNY Graduate School of Journalism, Katz continued working at the university as adjunct faculty and special photojournalism projects manager. She is currently an adjunct assistant at Columbia Graduate School of Journalism. Katz brings experience with print and digital images and videos in editorial publications, branded campaigns, non-profit content, social media, academic platforms and live panels, as well as museum and galleries, where she began her career in photography. Hot in Here Productions Everyday Incarceration Instagram Everyday Projects Stonecutter Journal	cc/2020-05/en_head_0067.json.gz/line464
__label__wiki	0.579235	0.579235	New York New York Las Vegas Pizza More than 60 restaurants in Las Vegas have just opened, been redesigned, or plan to open soon. Joining our Hotels. There are 2 Joe's New York Pizza locations in Las Vegas, Nevada. New York Prime. Try the slot machines at New York-New York in Las Vegas New York-New York Slot Machines. They’re getting quieter. Inspired by the famous energy and landmarks of New York City, New York-New York Hotel & Casino features 12 New York-style skyscrapers showcasing 2,023 guest rooms and suites. Current local time in USA – New York – New York. BFBL Happenings curates the latest NYC events and activities taking place at Brookfield Place New York. New York was the 11th state in the United States and was a part of the original 13 colonies. Hakkasan New York, located in the heart of Manhattan's Theater District, is the premier destination for authentic Cantonese Cuisine in New York City. The pizza restaurant 800 Degrees will in turn head to New York-New York, filling 1,576 square feet of space with an indoor patio and taking over the mezzanine location of NYP-New York Pizzeria. The NoMad Hotel located in New York City, Los Angeles and Las Vegas. Did you ever want to know what's new in Las Vegas, regarding shows, hotels, casinos? Las Vegas News! Our Las Vegas What's New, describes all things happening around town and up and down main street. On the Strip, New York-New York Hotel & Casino is in Las Vegas's Las Vegas Strip neighbourhood, an area with good airport proximity. 3790 Las Vegas Blvd S (at New York-New York Hotel & Casino), Las Vegas, NV. MGM, Mandalay, or New York, New Yorkwhich one? Originally posted in /r/LasVegas , but I was referred by /u/Netsuai to this subreddit instead. Order online for delivery or pickup on Slicelife. What's new in the Las Vegas area?. Best reason to go to New York New York. Nuestras nuevas políticas entrarán en vigencia el 30 de septiembre de 2019. Nestled between the T-Mobile Arena, Park MGM and New York-New York Resorts, The Park is an outdoor destination for the whole family. The New York-New York Hotel in Las Vegas is across the street from both the MGM Grand Hotel and the Excalibur Resort Hotel. Stay on the move at Element New York Times Square West, our health-focused hotel with extended-stay accommodations and a close location to Midtown attractions. The real taste of New York is here to stay in Vegas! Our restaurant brings Real East Coast food and atmosphere right to your neighborhood. The 15 Best Places for Pizza in Las Vegas. Google Careers. See it all with the ultimate New York attraction ticket! With the New York Pass enjoy admission to over 100 iconic New York attractions, including the Empire State Building, Statue of Liberty, Top of the Rock, 9/11 Memorial & Museum and more. We welcome you to stop in for a satisfying slice and a taste of New York. Cheap flights to New York are now available for a limited period of time, so get ready to be captivated by this beautiful city. Noble Roman's Pizza at Four Queens NYP New York Pizzaria at New York-New York Otto Enoteca Pizzeria at Venetian Pizza Hut Express at Excalibur Pizza Hut Express at Westgate Las Vegas Pizza Place at Wynn Las Vegas Pizza Rock at Downtown Grand Pizzeria Francesco's at Treasure Island Pop Up Pizza at Plaza Project Pie at MGM Grand Rosie's Pizzeria. Current local time in USA – New York – New York. president in the city’s Federal Hall on Wall Street on April 30, 1789. Skyscanner is a fast and simple travel search engine that compares hundreds of flights from all major airlines and travel agents, finding you the best deal on cheap plane tickets to Las Vegas from New York. Posted on March 26, 2018 March 26, 2019 by admin. Yes they have pizza by the slice as well. The air travel (bird fly) shortest distance between New York and Las Vegas is 3,593 km= 2,233 miles. Add reviews and photos for Mark Rich's New York Pizza & Pasta. Come Be A Part Of It! Tag @nynyvegas for your chance to be featured! nynyhotel. Chang, who debuted his Vegas Momofuku in January, and Carbone are part of a new era in Vegas, the latest crop of white-hot New York chefs and operators who are taking over the Strip. Nuestras nuevas políticas entrarán en vigencia el 30 de septiembre de 2019. Whether you're looking for a casual spot to enjoy lunch or a nightlife-infused dinner experience, the Restaurant Collection at The Cosmopolitan of Las Vegas features an array of unique culinary destinations from around the world. The last departure time from New York is at 14:15. Pizza is better made with New York water. Latest reviews and 👍🏾ratings for J C's New York Pizza Department at 209 Plaza St in Las Vegas - view the menu, ⏰hours, ☎️phone number, ☝address and map. Streets of New York Pizza industry is listed as Eating Place. Jones Las Vegas, NV • 702-871-1159. president in the city’s Federal Hall on Wall Street on April 30, 1789. As a staple in Henderson for 5 years, Sal and his son Mike continued to make New York Style pizza and other Italian delicacies. Stay on the move at Element New York Times Square West, our health-focused hotel with extended-stay accommodations and a close location to Midtown attractions. Joe's New York Pizza is currently located at 4480 Paradise Rd, Las Vegas, NV 89169. There are many restaurants in New York-New York Las Vegas. Explore New York's sunrise and sunset, moonrise and moonset. You can indulge in everything from freshly sliced Kobe beef, nigiri sushi and duck braised with Riesling, to American staples like pizza, barbecue ribs and, yes, even (crisp!) corn on the cob. Even though there are a lot of hotels and casinos in the city, the one with the New York based theme always seems to attract a large crowd. The following fees and deposits are charged by the property at time of service, check-in, or check-out. For those families heading to Las Vegas instead of New York for vacation, you are still in luck as Grimaldi’s has opened up another pizzeria at The Palazzo Resort. $20 off New York Pizza- Steve'Os Coupons and online discounts in Las Vegas. New York's source for breaking news and live streaming video online. New York-New York Hotel Shuttle. View contact info, business hours, full address for Rocco's New York Pizza in North Las Vegas, NV 702-459-2229. 00 and 6-12 years are half price. Search flight deals from various travel partners with one click at Cheapflights. 2400 S Jones, Las Vegas, NV 89146. Stay on the move at Element New York Times Square West, our health-focused hotel with extended-stay accommodations and a close location to Midtown attractions. Food Cashier New York Pizza & Pasta. Love this place. Restaurant menu, map for JC's New York Pizza Dept located in 87701, Las Vegas NM, 131 Bridge St. Please refer to the image on the left to familiarize yourself with the designated Uber pickup zone. Get the latest las vegas news, articles, videos and photos on the New York Post. Winner of 'Best Traditional Pizza in the World' at the Las Vegas Pizza Expo Sliced Mozzarella, Tomato Sauce, House Made Fennel Sausage, Pepperoni, Garlic, EVOO, Oregano, Romano and Ricotta 26. Hong Kong protesters are targeting Starbucks. Come thirsty, be loud, stay late! Just a few steps away at New York-New York, you'll find the ultimate neighborhood bar, complete with the No. Order online and track your order live. Stay at MGM Grand Las Vegas Hotel & Casino and enjoy the best entertainment in Las Vegas! Book direct for our best rates. The Fastest New York Style Pizza in Las Vegas. © 2019 The Clerk of the City of New York. The New York Knicks didn't have the greatest performance during the 2019 Las Vegas Summer League. Pick-up point: Customers using Uber or Lyft must go to past the main entrance of the New York New York Hotel at the right side to get a pick-up from their driver (see photo). Las Vegas promotion codes, coupons and deals. This pizza sauce is much sweeter and more intensely flavored than a San Marzano DOP tomato, the most popular tomato used by quality pizza shops. With several locations at the Las Vegas Strip, there’s always something for everybody. Here at Joe's New York Pizza, we're serious about creating an amazing pizza experience worth bragging about in Las Vegas. Delivery or takeout, online ordering is easy and FREE with Seamless. Buy Brooklyn Bridge at New York New York Casino tickets at Ticketmaster. Pizza is better made with New York water. 260 west 39th street, 3rd floor. Best Bars on Las Vegas Strip in 2019. Winner of 'Best Traditional Pizza in the World' at the Las Vegas Pizza Expo Sliced Mozzarella, Tomato Sauce, House Made Fennel Sausage, Pepperoni, Garlic, EVOO, Oregano, Romano and Ricotta 26. Buy One XL Pizza, Get One Free at Bonanno's New York Pizzaria at MGM Grand Hotel & Casino Las Vegas Buy One XL Pizza, Get One Free at Bonanno's New York Pizzaria at Palace Station Hotel and Casino Double Points (up to 500) for members of Club Binion's at Binion's Gambling Hall. Order online and read reviews from Anthony's New York Pizza and Deli at 321 S Casino Center Blvd, Ste 125 in Downtown Las Vegas 89101-6111 from trusted Las Vegas restaurant reviewers. Of the many low-key and under-rated food spots littered around the Vegas Valley, New York Pizza & Pasta is one of the sneaky good Italian options on the west side of town. Privacy Policy. and pesticide-free Wild concept in two New York City locations, challenging diners to. Check out our comprehensive menu, including our famous pizzas, and be sure to place your order online today!. The pizza is this authentic New York as you can get in Vegas complete with almonds in half and put it on a paper plate. Browse the menu, view popular items, and track your order. View the menu, check prices, find on the map, see photos and ratings. Order your favorite pizza, pasta, salad, and more, all with the click of a button. This profile for Streets of New York Pizza is located in Las Vegas, NV. Anthony's New York Pizza & Deli is currently located at 321 S Casino Center Blvd, Las Vegas, NV 89101. If you feel the same way, then this quintessential white pizza recipe can turn your oven into your favorite New York corner pizza place. - Las Vegas tallest building for 8 years, surpassed by Wynn Las Vegas in spring 2005. Find New York Pizza & Pasta in Las Vegas with Address, Phone number from Yahoo US Local. Jones, Las Vegas 89146 New York Pizza & Pasta (702) 871-1159 \| 2400 S. It runs Monday through Thursday and has a top prize of $500 in FreePlay. Find great food in a comfortable Las Vegas setting at Joe's New York Pizza ? pizza lovers flock to this Las Vegas joint. Find airfare and ticket deals for cheap flights from New York, NY to Las Vegas, NV. Whirlpools are set apart from the pool in an area landscaped with palms and cascading waterfalls. View the menu, hours, address, and photos for New York Pizza & Pasta in Las Vegas, NV. Love this place. Lucky’s was born with that concept in mind. Our easy-to-use app shows you all the restaurants and nightlife options in your city, along with menus, photos, and reviews. Joe's New York Pizza Joe's New York Pizza/Facebook. You can indulge in everything from freshly sliced Kobe beef, nigiri sushi and duck braised with Riesling, to American staples like pizza, barbecue ribs and, yes, even (crisp!) corn on the cob. ADD YOUR BUSINESS. We offer late night pizza delivery on weekends in Las Vegas. View a detailed profile of the structure 122180 including further data and descriptions in the Emporis database. New York Pizza & Pasta. At New York Bakery Co we make all our bagels the authentic NY way. Situated right next to Las Vegas's first community green space, The Park, our first West Coast Shack reflects the over-the-top attitude of Vegas while staying. Breakfast fee: between $10 and $20 for adults, $10 and $20 for children (approximately). © 2019 The Clerk of the City of New York. Get your slice on at New York Pizzeria! From slices or full pies loaded with toppings, to calzones, Stromboli, garlic knots, and salads, NYP has something for every appetite - big or small and uses only fresh top-quality ingredients in their made-from-scratch recipes. Super awesome!!!" Super Cheesy - Menu - Joe's New York Pizza - Las Vegas. Evel Pie to Open on East Fremont Street in Downtown Las Vegas. Collect 10 nights get 1 free*. Charleston Blvd #190Las Vegas, NV 89135 (East of the 215 in Las Vegas, NV on West. Street of New York Pizza: Good Pizza, GREAT Broasted Chicken - See 27 traveler reviews, 4 candid photos, and great deals for Las Vegas, NV, at TripAdvisor. With its own entrance off Church Street, CUT by Wolfgang Puck is where New Yorkers broker deals over power meals, and where Tribeca’s residents come to dine, wine and unwind, while world travelers immerse themselves in downtown NYC’s emerging culinary scene. Vegas has some of the best buffet spreads in the country, each boasting an array of foods that'll take you on a culinary tour of the world. Bonanno's New York Pizzeria is a casual urban pizzeria offering Authentic New York Pizza by the slice or pie. Park MGM & New York-New York. Here at Joe's New York Pizza, we're serious about creating an amazing pizza experience worth bragging about in Las Vegas. Get the latest New York City news, entertainment, sports, reviews, and much more local information that is important to you, all in one place on am New York. Whitepages is the most trusted online directory. Thanks MOM & DAD for teaching us old fashioned values. New York New York Casino - New York New York Slots. We come here every time we visit and that's about once or twice a year. Getting Amtrak fastest train from Las Vegas, you probably arrive in about 64h 25m in New York. New York City is known for its energy, its culture, its nightlife — and the hefty price tag for enjoying it all. This is the New York New York Las Vegas Casino company profile. Other featured Big. Super awesome!!!" Super Cheesy - Menu - Joe's New York Pizza - Las Vegas. Javits Convention Center, New York starting on 19th January. 99 hours to arrive. A legal tussle between co-owners (and cousins) Frank Pellegrino Sr. New York Pizza & Pasta Restaurant Location: 2400 S. Many Came to Try Their Award Winning Secret Pizza and Other Gourmet Specialty Pizzas - PR12430005. New York Sightseeing Pass website offers unbeatable prices on New York Passes. If New York City had one food to hang its hat on, it'd be steak. NEW YORK (FOX 5 NEWS) – Pizza is a family affair for Roberto Caporuscio and daughter Giorgia Caporuscio. Before heading there, you can figure out your parking options by exploring our Anthony's New York Pizza & Deli parking map: - Free of charge parking options: find free street parking (time limitations may apply) to. ( with blues cheese, NOT Ranch). Delivery or takeout, online ordering is easy and FREE with Seamless. Located in the heart of City Center, is a dramatic, yet graceful combination of striking architecture and sustainable design. filed as a Domestic Corporation in the State of Nevada and is no longer active. Regardless of the reason, a flight from New York to Las Vegas will do just the trick! Go on, plan to see all the famous landmarks and eat your weight in the local cuisine. Is New York Water Really The Secret To The Best Bagels and Pizza? there’s a reasonable theory that the people who make pizza in New York are just really good at making it due to decades of. Kennedy International Airport (JFK), which is approximately a 50-minute drive from the city centre. New York Pizzeria - NYNY Hotel and Casino, Las Vegas: See 482 unbiased reviews of New York Pizzeria - NYNY Hotel and Casino, rated 4 of 5 on TripAdvisor and ranked #409 of 4,896 restaurants in Las Vegas. See a performance on Broadway or at Radio City Music Hall. No matter the occasion - Joey's N. Order pizza, pasta, sandwiches & more online for carryout or delivery from Domino's. Our top recommendations for the best things to do in New York City, New York, with pictures and travel tips. Dine-In, Pick-Up or delivery available. “All you’ve got to do is decide to go and the hardest part is over. 114th Street New York, NY 10029 (212) 722-6709. View the menu, check prices, find on the map, see photos and ratings. Cheap flights to New York are now available for a limited period of time, so get ready to be captivated by this beautiful city. com and earn Rewards nights. Order online and track your order live. Our system has information on 9 Pizza shops named Joe's New York Pizza. They’re getting quieter. New York Pizza & Pasta. Streets Of New York - 7570 Norman Rockwell Ln, Las Vegas, Nevada 89143 - Rated 4. New York New York Casino - New York New York Slots. a 292-room spin-off of very. Apple could be next. From steakhouses to pizza to fast food and desserts, we've got something for every palate. General admission to Top of the Rock®. Zipcar in New York City Escape for the day to Coney Island. DNA Testing Reunites Father, Daughter From New York Who Never Knew They Were RelatedDebra Biagini and her father are often called two peas in a pod; completing each other's sentences and sharing. 25 or breaded mushrooms for $6. Amtrak does not normally guarantee connections of less than 60 minutes. Hakkasan New York, located in the heart of Manhattan's Theater District, is the premier destination for authentic Cantonese Cuisine in New York City. How far apart is Las Vegas from New York? The train traveling average length from New York to Las Vegas is around 15h 55m. New York Pizza & Pasta. Sunrise Pizza in Rye, New York offers hearty soups and specialty pizzas with all of your favorite toppings! Let's Eat! Welcome to Sunrise Pizza, where we have a passion for Italian food. From prices and availability to skip-the-line options and mobile tickets, get all the information you need to make the most of your trip to United States. Admission Includes. 3790 Las Vegas Blvd S (at New York-New York Hotel & Casino), Las Vegas, NV Pizza Place · The Strip · 44 tips and reviews Virginia Halter: Terrific NY style pizza and draft beer. As a three times International Award Winning restaurant, Joe's New York Pizza uses only the freshest and best available ingredients; we know you will be pleased with the taste and quality of whatever you order. Experience Life for Less Around Las Vegas with the Entertainment ® Membership The most convenient way to get 2-for-1 and up to 50% off discounts and coupons. The New York Times. Order online! View menu and reviews for New York Pizza, Ribs and Wings in Las Vegas, plus most popular items, reviews. Categories Las Vegas Pizza. Save on the things you love – restaurants, movie tickets, golf, zoos, skiing, shopping, travel and more. Host your upcoming affair at Wolfgang Puck Bar & Grill at MGM Grand Hotel & Casino and exceed your guests’ expectations. Every year, thousands of New Mexican's and people around the … Albuquerque: Balloon Fiesta Announces New Special Shapes We are pleased to announce the 2019 special shapes!. New York Pizzeria - NYNY Hotel and Casino, Las Vegas: See 481 unbiased reviews of New York Pizzeria - NYNY Hotel and Casino, rated 4 of 5 on TripAdvisor and ranked #409 of 4,893 restaurants in Las Vegas. Cheap flights to New York are now available for a limited period of time, so get ready to be captivated by this beautiful city. Modeled after the original New York Style Pizzerias, Bonanno's New York Pizzeria features hand tossed brick-oven pizza made with the highest quality flour, fresh yeast and all natural ingredients. Inspired by the famous energy and landmarks of New York City, New York-New York Hotel & Casino features 12 New York-style skyscrapers showcasing 2,023 guest rooms and suites. New York Pizza & Pasta Restaurant Location: 2400 S. View the menu, hours, address, and photos for New York Pizza & Pasta in Las Vegas, NV. Big banks were the loudest optimists. Las Vegas Sun. The air travel (bird fly) shortest distance between New York and Las Vegas is 3,593 km= 2,233 miles. The pool area at New York-New York features lots of deck space and cabanas. The Park Las Vegas is a new dining and entertainment district on the Las Vegas Strip. The Consulate-General promotes Australia’s interests in the Northeastern United States and provides consular, passport and notarial services to Australians located in New York, New Jersey, Pennsylvania, Connecticut, Rhode Island, Massachusetts, Vermont, Maine, New Hampshire, Ohio, Puerto Rico and the US Virgin Islands. See up-to-date pricelists and view recent announcements for this location. 1 review of New York Pete's "NEW!! Grand Opening!! That's what the menu in my door said when I got home. New York-New York Las Vegas The heart of the Strip. Tips to Find Parking near Anthony's New York Pizza & Deli. Vegas has some of the best buffet spreads in the country, each boasting an array of foods that'll take you on a culinary tour of the world. Joe's New York Pizza is currently located at 7580 S Las Vegas Blvd, Las Vegas, NV 89123. Nearby Pizza Shops. Park MGM Las Vegas. filed as a Domestic Corporation in the State of Nevada and is no longer active. com and earn Rewards nights. Adam gets the inside scoop on the menu at Capo's in Las Vegas. Save big with Reservations. Learn More Take your taste buds on a tour of Italy with the best pizza and Italian food right here at Joe's NY Pizza in Las Vegas, Nevada! JOE'S NEW YORK PIZZA specializes in New York-style pizza along with a menu filled with incredible flavors. Armed with his grandmother's recipes he and Mike opened Sal's Pizza. A legal tussle between co-owners (and cousins) Frank Pellegrino Sr. Please check delivery hours. Find cheap fares for flights from New York to Las Vegas on Trip. NEW YORKER. jpg Welcome to the Australian Consulate-General, New York. The original Blue Hill restaurant, opened in 2000, is located in Greenwich Village, New York City. Tips to Find Parking near Anthony's New York Pizza & Deli. New York New York Greek Restaurant: A Celebration of Food. Las Vegas is home to some incredible Italian restaurants, which means you’re in luck if you’re craving spaghetti, pizza, osso bucco or meatballs while you’re in town. New York Pizza & Pasta. Blue Hill's menu showcases local food and a wine list with producers who respect artisanal techniques. Super garlicky. Joe's New York Pizza is currently located at 4480 Paradise Rd, Las Vegas, NV 89169. It's the center of everything you love about Las Vegas-with a distinctive New York-New York attitude! Taste an inspired portfolio of fun culinary adventures, indulge in our world-class amenities, be dazzled by one-of-a-kind attractions and let our unique entertainment lineup take your breath away. The Consulate-General promotes Australia’s interests in the Northeastern United States and provides consular, passport and notarial services to Australians located in New York, New Jersey, Pennsylvania, Connecticut, Rhode Island, Massachusetts, Vermont, Maine, New Hampshire, Ohio, Puerto Rico and the US Virgin Islands. 1-rated dueling piano show in Las Vegas. Pizza Place · The Strip · 44 tips and. It runs Monday through Thursday and has a top prize of $500 in FreePlay. Super Cheesy at Joe's New York Pizza "This place is the BEST delivery pizza you can get at 4am in the morning at LVS. Our hand tossed New York Thin Crust Pizza is absolutely the BEST in Vegas! While you are at it, try one of our Calzones, Strombolis or our famous Garlic Knots. Please check delivery hours. Shambhala Meditation Center of New York offers public meditation instruction, mindfulness training, and Buddhist teachings to New Yorkers of all traditions. Take advantage of the best hotel packages midtown east Manhattan has to offer and experience all that the wonderful city of New York has to offer. - Las Vegas tallest building for 8 years, surpassed by Wynn Las Vegas in spring 2005. New York-New York Hotel & Casino is the best Las Vegas lodging choice for your trip to Nevada. They’re getting quieter. Is New York Water Really The Secret To The Best Bagels and Pizza? there’s a reasonable theory that the people who make pizza in New York are just really good at making it due to decades of. On the Avenue of Americas in NYC, the New York Hilton Midtown hotel is near Times Square, Rockefeller Center, Central Park, and Broadway. JC's New York Pizza Dept nearby at 131 Bridge St, Las Vegas, NM: Get restaurant menu, locations, hours, phone numbers, driving directions and more. New York – New York has brought back its “Dash for the Dough” Daily Slot Tournament. New York Pizza & Pasta. Things to do near New York - New York Hotel and Casino on TripAdvisor: See 857,335 reviews and 62,204 candid photos of things to do near New York - New York Hotel and Casino in Las Vegas, Nevada. On the third floor of The Cosmopolitan of Las Vegas down a long hallway plastered with old vinyl record covers is the hidden gem of Las Vegas (“Secret Pizza”) where you can get to die for slices of New York style pizza in Vegas!. Whether you're looking for a casual spot to enjoy lunch or a nightlife-infused dinner experience, the Restaurant Collection at The Cosmopolitan of Las Vegas features an array of unique culinary destinations from around the world. As a three times International Award Winning restaurant, Joe's New York Pizza uses only the freshest and best available ingredients; we know you will be pleased with the taste and quality of whatever you order. The pizza restaurant 800 Degrees will in turn head to New York-New York, filling 1,576 square feet of space with an indoor patio and taking over the mezzanine location of NYP-New York Pizzeria. Joe's New York Pizza serves food that not only tastes great, but is low in fat and gluten-free. ACCESSIBLE. Former New York Lawyer Shot And Killed While Serving As Attorney General On Tiny Pacific IslandThe killing has shocked the tiny island of Yap, home to 11,000 people, where Bergeron served as. Nothing gives us more joy than. Find reviews on the hottest restaurants, make reservations and see full menus by Zagat. of low-rise area, 250,000-sq. I am taking my husband here this weekend to check out pizza with a Liberace connection as reported in Las Vegas Weekly. Read 10806 genuine guest reviews for New York-New York Hotel & Casino. Please check delivery hours. Shake Shack Las Vegas At New York-New York Resort And Casino. Enjoy the ease of ordering delicious pizza for delivery or carryout from a Papa John’s near you. Park MGM & New York-New York. Come Be A Part Of It! Tag @nynyvegas for your chance to be featured! nynyhotel. Whirlpools are set apart from the pool in an area landscaped with palms and cascading waterfalls. Thanks MOM & DAD for teaching us old fashioned values. Uber/Lyft Treasure Island to New York, New York Hotel and Casino. This Vegas cam pans and zooms to include the famous MGM Lion, New York, New York Hotel and Casino, and the excitement surrounding the intersection at Tropicana and Las Vegas Boulevard Live Las Vegas Streaming Video Webcams Portal - watch live HD video streaming Las Vegas cameras in the US state of Nevada on the No1 streaming HD webcams. Join the Barneys New York list to enjoy a first look at new arrivals, exclusive products, and emerging designers along with access to store events. Dominick DeMarco Jr. The American Red Cross Western & Central New York Region is a non-profit organization serving 26 counties. At New York Bakery Co we make all our bagels the authentic NY way. 6 based on 103 Reviews "After tutoring ~ A little birthday pizza &. be inspired. An authentic New York-style pizza import near Summerlin From the same family behind the famous DiFara's in New York (which has a food court counter in Vegas at Caesars. All content is posted anonymously by employees working at New York New York Las Vegas Casino. New York-New York Hotel Shuttle. Anthony's New York Pizza and Deli \| (702) 757-3715 321 S Casino Center Blvd Ste 125, Las Vegas, NV 89101. Other featured Big. Brand New, is a division of UnderConsideration, displaying opinions, and focusing solely, on corporate and brand identity work. Dine-in, take-out, delivery and catering. Get the latest New York Rangers news, photos, rankings, lists and more on Bleacher Report. Find a New York Style Pizza near you or see all New York Style Pizza locations. New York New York in Las Vegas has everything you love about the Big Apple, all translated to Las Vegas. The city is home to several major league sports teams, world-class arts organizations like the Metropolitan Opera and the New York Philharmonic and dozens of Broadway plays and musicals. Come thirsty, be loud, stay late! Just a few steps away at New York-New York, you'll find the ultimate neighborhood bar, complete with the No. In The Big Apple, everyone can find something to suit their taste. If New York City had one food to hang its hat on, it'd be steak. Find New York Pizza & Pasta in Las Vegas with Address, Phone number from Yahoo US Local. See up-to-date pricelists and view recent announcements for this location. Our popular Las Vegas location, situated across from the charming Plaza Hotel, is a sight to be seen! We have preserved the integrity of this historical location by exposing its strong architectural foundation while adding a modern twist. View Angela Lucero’s full. Our easy-to-use app shows you all the restaurants and nightlife options in your city, along with menus, photos, and reviews. and a New York. The go-to source for the best southern-style BBQ in Las Vegas, located in the LINQ Promenade on the Strip. 2400 S Jones, Las Vegas, NV 89146. The Cosmopolitan was named one of the 7 must-visit hotels and resorts in the United States by Food & Wine. New York Pizza & Pasta, Inc. The New York New York Hotel & Casino in Las Vegas is a famous hotel on the Las Vegas Strip. In Las Vegas, Greyhound arrives at Bus Terminal - 200 S Main St and one other station. Order your favorite pizza, pasta, salad, and more, all with the click of a button. New York-New York Las Vegas The heart of the Strip. The best addresses for fine dining, gourmet Articles and many more. The breathtaking 40-ft tall sculpture, Bliss Dance, is on public display as the centerpiece to the art at The Park. Try the slot machines at New York-New York in Las Vegas New York-New York Slot Machines. Order online for delivery or pickup on Slicelife. Order online! View menu and reviews for Rocco's New York Pizza in North Las Vegas, plus most popular items, reviews. Planet Hollywood Las Vegas is an exceptional space to take your event to a new level. New York City’s most famous pizzeria, Di Fara, is expanding. © 2019 The Clerk of the City of New York. Menu, hours, photos, and more for New York Pizza & Pasta located at 2400 S Jones Blvd, Las Vegas, NV, 89146-3100, offering Pizza, American, Subs, Dinner, Calzones. Love this place. View the menu, hours, address, and photos for Streets of New York Pizza in Las Vegas, NV. Welcome to Joey's NY Pizza. Welcome to New York, New York, the hotel, where guests can grab a bite in the "Village" stroll over the "Brooklyn Bridge" or play video games at "Coney Island. Book Las Vegas vacation packages with airfare from New York with American Airlines Vacations. New York Chinese Restaurant,Restaurnat,Chinese Restaurant,Menu. Jones, Las Vegas, NV 89146 Pizza Delivery in Las Vegas. Sirrico's Pizza New York New York Las Vegas Is this top 5 pizza in Las Vegas? What do you think the best pizza is in Las Vegas? What to eat in Las Vegas ↓MORE UNDER HERE↓ LINKS- 50 TIPS. The pizza is this authentic New York as you can get in Vegas complete with almonds in half and put it on a paper plate. BFBL Happenings curates the latest NYC events and activities taking place at Brookfield Place New York. Cowboys Game. The mission of the New York State Commission for the Blind is to enhance employability, to maximize independence and to assist in the development of the capacities and strengths of people who are legally blind. The New York Times. View a variety of New York business opportunities from small home based businesses to established high cash flow businesses, and find the right business for sale in New York today!. We've found ways to experience the best the Big Apple has to offer on a budget. Please allow time for perfection!. Go west, ShackBurger, go west! On December 29th, 2014, Shake Shack opened its doors on the famed Las Vegas Strip, just across the Brooklyn Bridge in MGM's New York-New York Hotel. With numerous amenities for guests such as room service, 24 hour front desk, fitness center, you will wake up at New York-New York Hotel & Casino feeling ready to go every day for your time in Las Vegas. New York Pizza & Pasta, Inc. BBQ Chicken and Garlic Shrimp are the best sellers. Jones, Las Vegas, NV 89146 Pizza Delivery in Las Vegas. Order online for delivery or pickup on Slicelife. Dominick DeMarco Jr. Get New York's weather and area codes, time zone and DST. com or by contacting Joe Kelly at (702) 792-9001. Meet your riders at the Main Entrance of the New York New York Hotel. Cordovano Joe's Pizza at Westgate Las Vegas Resort & Casino serves New York style pizza baked in our 600 degree stone heath oven, made from fresh hand-stretched dough, imported Italian San Marzano tomatoes, and whole milk mozzarella. The other tram option, the Las Vegas Monorail, is not really feasible for this trip, as walking to and from the two stations closest to your destination (Linq/Harrah's on the north, and MGM Grand on the south), would add nearly 2/3 of a mile of walking. Looking to stay in the heart of the action? Book a room at nearby Park MGM & New York-New York. Joey's New York Pizza & Italian Restaurant 01/01/2015 Lady fingers dipped in liquor-laced espresso, layered with sweetened mascarpone & marsala wine, dusted with chocolate powder. Order online for delivery or pickup on Slicelife. There's even a Coney Island-style roller coaster, The Big Apple Coaster. Experience Life for Less Around Las Vegas with the Entertainment ® Membership The most convenient way to get 2-for-1 and up to 50% off discounts and coupons. 2018 Trade Shows KBIS. Joe's New York Pizza is currently located at 7580 S Las Vegas Blvd, Las Vegas, NV 89123. Welcome to the Award Winning Joe's New York Pizza Pizza Restaurant in Las Vegas, Nevada. The most up-to-date breaking news for the New York Rangers including highlights, roster, schedule, scores and archives. Get the latest New York Rangers news, photos, rankings, lists and more on Bleacher Report. In other words, it’s important - and that’s why we spent several months looking for the best pizza in the city. The Broadway Pizzeria family would like to thank everyone who has supported us for the past 20 years. Together, they run Kesté Pizza, a place where you can order a delicious pie or learn how to make one yourself. Tips to Find Parking near Anthony's New York Pizza & Deli. All content is posted anonymously by employees working at New York New York Las Vegas Casino. Private dining, catering and events available year-round. Jones, Las Vegas 89146 New York Pizza & Pasta (702) 871-1159 \| 2400 S. This corporate entity was filed approximately eighteen years ago on Thursday, January 25, 2001 , according to public records filed with Nevada Secretary of State. Since 1896 the Rao's family has believed in sharing those traditions. Noble Roman's Pizza at Four Queens NYP New York Pizzaria at New York-New York Otto Enoteca Pizzeria at Venetian Pizza Hut Express at Excalibur Pizza Hut Express at Westgate Las Vegas Pizza Place at Wynn Las Vegas Pizza Rock at Downtown Grand Pizzeria Francesco's at Treasure Island Pop Up Pizza at Plaza Project Pie at MGM Grand Rosie's Pizzeria.	cc/2020-05/en_head_0067.json.gz/line465
__label__cc	0.51141	0.48859	The Bush Administration's Psy-Ops on the US Public Published on: July 1st, 2005 Modified on: July 1st, 2005 This is probably closer to the truth. The Men That Pull Bush's Strings Psy-Ops on the US Public http://www.counterpunch.org/zeese06222005.html June 22 , 2005 An Interview with Col. Sam Gardiner Sam Gardiner has taught strategy and military operations at the National War College, Air War College and Naval War College. He was recently a visiting scholar at the Swedish Defence College. During Gulf II he was a regular on the NewsHour with Jim Lehrer as well as on BBC radio and television, and National Public Radio. He authored "The Enemy is Us" an article describing how the Bush Administration used disinformation and psychological warfare weapons usually used against the 'enemy' against the American public in order to support the war in Iraq. He has done an extensive analysis of the media coverage before the war, during the war and during the occupation as well as of the statements of Administration officials. His conclusions are startling and of great concern. He has put his findings in a report entitled: "Truth from These Podia." Zeese: Describe your professional background and expertise. Gardiner: Sure, Kevin. I'm a retired colonel of the US Air Force. When I retired, I was teaching strategy at the National War College in Washington, DC. Since I've been retired, I have continued to teach military strategy. I've taught for the Naval War College. I've taught at the Air War College in Montgomery, Alabama. I also spent a period as a visiting scholar at the Swedish Defense College in Stockholm. In addition, I have been doing war games. You may have seen descriptions of some of the games I've done. I did one on Iran that was covered in the December 2004 Atlantic Monthly. More recently, I conducted a game addressing North Korea. It was covered in the July/August Atlantic Monthly. Zeese: What is: "Truth from These Podia"? How did you conduct this media analysis? Gardiner: It is a paper I published on the web that reflected four months of heavy research. I had followed press reports of the war closely as it unfolded because of a job I had. During the first couple months of Gulf II, I was under contract with the Newshour with Jim Lehrer. With another retired colonel, we did an almost daily on-air analysis of how the war was going. As the war unfolded, I became increasingly uneasy about what was being reported out of the White House, Pentagon and Central Command. I was hearing things that just did not make sense with what I knew and what my intuition was telling me. I began tracking some of the stories. It was just a matter of going over what we were told and connecting that with the truth as it emerged later. One of the first items that made me uneasy was when I heard we were encountering "terrorist death squads." I was very familiar with the Iraq military forces. There were no terrorist death squads. It became obvious the Pentagon wanted us to connect Iraq with 9/11. Terrorists (they claim) did 9/11. There are terrorists in Iraq. Iraq must have been behind 9/11. Zeese: Regarding the management of information about Iraq, I'd like to focus on the build up to the Iraq War initially. There has been growing indications from a series of memoranda and meeting minutes from Great Britain that U. S. intelligence was "fixed" to support the war. In your analysis of media management before the war do you see any indication that the United States Congress and public was manipulated into supporting the invasion of Iraq by misinformation? Gardiner: Kevin, I find it amazing that there is now a growing interest in the marketing the war. There is absolutely no question that the White House and the Pentagon participated in an effort to market the military option. The truth did not make any difference to that campaign. To call it fixing is to miss the more profound point. It was a campaign to influence. It involved creating false stories; it involved exaggerating; it involved manipulating the numbers of stories that were released; it involved a major campaign to attack those who disagreed with the military option. It included all the techniques those who ran the marketing effort had learned in political campaigns. http://jahtruth.net/politics.htm Zeese: Can you give some examples of false or exaggerated stories put out by the Bush administration in the build-up to the war? Gardiner: In the summer of 2003, we know from the Downing Street Memo that the Administration was talking about justifying a war by arguing that Iraq was the nexus of terrorism and WMD. The terrorism argument was what propaganda literature would refer to as the big lie. The Administration¹s objective was to make enough arguments connecting Iraq to terrorism and Bin Laden that the American people would believe Iraq was behind the 9/11 attacks. They used a technique called the excluded middle. Iraq supports terrorists. The attacks were by terrorists. Iraq must been behind the 9/11 attacks. We the WMD story fairly well. We know the story of the uranium from Niger. We know about the aluminum tubes that were not for uranium enrichment. We know the biological labs Powell showed to the UN did not exist. Beyond these there are many exaggerations that have gotten very little notice. Let me mention just a few. A New York Times reporter was told by the Administration that Iraq was buying excess quantities of atropine to get ready for chemical warfare. It turns out the quantities were consistent with the Iraq use of the substance for routine medical purposes. The President told us in a speech in Ohio that Iraq had drone aircraft that could possible deliver chemical weapons into the United States. When that facility was found, the officers reported that it looked more like a school project than a serious military program. The Deputy Secretary of Defense Paul Wolfowitz told the Council on Foreign Relations that Iraq had the capability to attack US computers. They did not. http://jahtruth.net/illumin.htm We were lead to believe a Navy pilot shot down during the first Gulf War was alive and being held in Baghdad. He was not. We were told on the State Department web sit that Iraq was forming units of children to fight the United States. Iraq did not do that. We were told the French were supplying air defense missiles to Iraq. That was not true There were many more. Zeese: How about information during the war? Did the embedded journalists help give the U. S. a more accurate or less accurate perspective? How did the Pentagon control information? Gardiner: A number of democratic institutions failed us during the war. Certainly, the press was among those. I attended a conference in London in July 2003 at which one of the PR firms that advised the Pentagon talked about lessons learned from the effort. They were pleased that they were able to dominate the story. That was their objective. The embedded notion had been tested in Afghanistan, and it proved to be effective. The product was lots of coverage with personal stories of soldiers. That was the Pentagon objective. Keep their story on television. Keep people talking about Meals Ready to Eat, and they won't criticize the war. As I mentioned, I had done analysis during the major offensive operations. One of the things that the head of this PR firm said at that conference was that in the next war the Pentagon wanted to control context more and not let it be done by retired military people. Zeese: You spend a lot of time in your article on the story regarding the rescue of Private Jessica Lynch. Why is that important? Gardiner: Kevin, the Jessica Lynch story touched me personally, and it became representative of the whole effort to manipulate the truth. From beginning to end, the Lynch story was a press event. It started with the description that the unit was "ambushed." The unit was not ambushed. It got lost and drove into Iraqi lines, and then it retraced its path back through Iraqi lines. The Pentagon was in such a hurry to get out the story of an individual who had fought off the Iraqis. They did so with incomplete information. All of the heroic stuff was really about a soldier in the unit who was killed, not about Lynch. The Secretary of Defense allowed the story to stay around for days despite knowing the truth and despite the family insisting that the information was not about their daughter. My father was wounded and captured by the Germans during WW II. He did some heroic things during the period of his capture. The manipulation of the Lynch story was an insult to his heroism. Zeese: And in the occupation phase? What kind of media control occurred as that phase began? Is it continuing today? Gardiner: There have been major media strategies during the occupation. For the first year, the same pattern continued. We heard exaggeration and deflection from the press conferences from Baghdad. After the first year, the White House strategy shifted. The idea what that it wanted the American people to forget about the war. They quit having press conferences in Baghdad. Central Command quit having press conferences. The military spokesperson from Iraq became junior officers and enlisted people. The Brigadier Generals disappeared. The current strategic communications strategy is to make it seem as if there is progress, keep the number of stories down and certainly to continue to hide casualties. You may know that the United States is the only coalition country that did not honor its returning dead. Zeese: Is the media being fooled by the Administration or is it complicit in this effort to misinform the public? Gardiner: The media have been fooled. They have been lazy. They have lost sight of the historic calling of journalism. Journalists have been replaced on television by cheerleaders. Zeese: Was any of this illegal? Gardiner: Some of it may have been illegal. A case was brought against the Secretary of Defense in a Chicago court by Judicial Watch for violating the law that limits defense money being used for propaganda inside the United States. There was another illegal dimension. Most people don't know but the military is the only profession where it is illegal to lie. It is a violation of the Uniform Code of Military Justice for an officer to tell a lie. There were some officers who violated the Uniform Code of Military Justice as they marketed for the Administration. Zeese: You say in "Truth from these Podia:" "In the most basic sense, Washington and London did not trust the peoples of their democracies to come to right decisions. Truth became a casualty. When truth is a casualty, democracy receives collateral damage." Does this mean that if the people of Washington and the United States were told the truth they would not have supported the invasion of Iraq and therefore had to be misled by the Bush administration? http://jahtruth.net/democra.htm Gardiner: One irony of the whole mess is that the American people (and the British people) would most likely have supported strong actions against Iraq had they been told the truth. The other irony is that if truth had been valued inside the Administration, we probably would not have gone to war. In very early 2003 I had done an extensive analysis of the likely humanitarian consequences of an invasion of Iraq. I was able to get quite a few mid-level people to review my briefing. I even briefed my results to the National Security Council Staff. The bottom line of my presentation was that the United States was not ready to deal with what was coming. That was clearly not a piece of information anyone wanted. My efforts and those of others are described in a January 2004 article in the Atlantic Monthly by Jim Fallows, "Blind into Baghdad." Zeese: How much did this campaign of misinformation cost? Gardiner: Tough question, Kevin. I don't think it possible to get a total handle on the effort. I have read one estimate that put the marketing at $200 million. That cost is trivial, however, to the collateral damage that has been done to democracy. http://jahtruth.net/democra.htm Zeese: What do we do to prevent this from occurring in the future? Gardiner: Wow, I wish I had an answer to this question. Based upon the initial work done after the offensive phase by those involved in strategic communications, I have to tell you, as I said in my paper, if you think this was bad, wait until the next war. They will be even better at manipulating the story. http://jahtruth.net/ww3-2.htm Zeese: You conclude "Truth in these Podia" with the "Last Chart" and suggest that we need an investigation to determine the extent of information management and legislation to prevent the people of the United States from being victimized by war propaganda in the future. What type of investigation? What type of legislation? Gardiner: We need a commission. This one would not be about intelligence. This would be focused on strategic communications. I have been able to uncover some of the manipulation that went on before and during the war, but I think I have only scratched the surface. Some is still classified or buried. For example, who within the US Government told the press that the French gave Saddam Hussein a passport so he could sneak out of Iraq? Who told the press Saddam Hussein was hiding in the Russian embassy? The United States needs a robust public diplomacy effort, but I believe we cannot allow government officials to insert non-truth into media that will be seen by Americans. We can't allow officials to damage democracy in the name of extending democracy. The ONLY solution is to enforce The Plan against the traitorous N. W. O. Zionist mass-murder, inside-job perpetrators of 911 and the phoney War on Terror:- http://jahtruth.net/plan.htm Time is running out:- http://jahtruth.net/signs.htm The ONLY Armageddon Survival-Kit is available from:- http://jahtruth.net/ask.htm 50 False News Stories By Bush Propaganda Machine Pentagon Whistleblower Reveals CIA/ DoD Fiascos, CIA and DOD Pentagon plans propaganda war US tried to plant WMDs, failed: whistleblower 'What the New York Times left out' Bush administration clears US troops in slaying of Calipari and wounding of Sgrena Cancer Epidemic Caused by U. S. WMD	cc/2020-05/en_head_0067.json.gz/line466
__label__wiki	0.675603	0.675603	Kendrick Lamar Reportedly Finishing Up Rock-Influenced New Album posted by Hayden Brooks - Jan 13, 2020 Kendrick Lamar is rumored to be finishing up a new album and the sonic direction might surprise you. On Saturday (January 11), Bill Werde, former Billboard editorial director and columnist for the outlet, shared some insight on K Dot's follow-up to 2017's DAMN. "Did anyone not named Beyonce release better, more meaningful back-to-back albums last decade than Kendrick Lamar? Are you interested to know that I hear from several friends that recording on the new album may finally be done? And that he’s pulling in more rock sounds this time?" he told his followers. "A lot of huge albums expected in 2020. I’ll be surprised if there’s one I listen to more closely the first time than this one." Werde followed up his comments, emphasizing that an artist timeline for completing an album changes from act-to-act. "Also, just to be clear, just because recording had hit a point where folks believe it may be finished — albums go back to the studio all the time after this point, and for a million different reasons," he explained. Lamar has a history of sonic genre-bending when it comes to his discography, particularly with the jazz influence heard throughout To Pimp a Butterfly.	cc/2020-05/en_head_0067.json.gz/line467
__label__cc	0.569609	0.430391	Grades Are In: States with the Smartest Drivers Coveted good driver discounts rely on good grades. So which states have the best GPAs for those savings? Pencils down! While students covered by auto insurance policies are not evaluated directly on their driving, their grades do matter. GPA is used as a proxy for risk, and high marks could save you a pretty penny. The school year is winding down and summer is fast upon us. While the most critical aspects of an education are the skills and relationships gained along the way, the grades one earns can have financial consequences beyond just prospective post-grad salaries. Many insurance companies use high GPAs as indicators that one is a safe driver, and therefore less likely to file a costly claim in the future. Once they predict that a driver will be less expensive to insure, they offer them a coveted good student discount. Young adulthood is a minefield of exorbitant expenses running the gamut from student loans to first apartments. There’s no reason not to jump at every opportunity for savings during this time, which is why it can be wise to compare car insurance policies to maximize available discounts on sites like Insurify. So with that in mind, let’s check out the states with the strongest showings for good student discounts. National averages. Nationwide, the average grade point average is 3.23. On a four-point scale, a 4.0 represents a student whose coursework earned straight As, and a 3.0 indicates a pupil who earned a B average. Additionally, the national average graduation rate is 84.6 percent, the mean ACT score is 20.8 out of 36, the average SAT score is 1068 out of 1600, and the national truancy rate is seven percent. ACT and SAT are regional giants. There is a moderate inverse correlation between mean scores on the SAT and ACT per state. This means that states with a high average score on one test tend to perform somewhat less optimally on the other. However, this is not due to the fact that these exams test markedly different skill sets—individual students who perform well on one tend to score highly on the other as well. It is a result of each standardized assessment being popular in separate regions. The SAT has historically dominated the coasts while the ACT has held favor in the Midwest. The gap in state averages on these evaluations likely reflect different relationships with one test compared to the other and not a gulf in aptitude. Performance is a package deal. All of the factors reported here—GPA, standardized test scores, graduation rates, and school attendance—are interrelated. Those states with higher graduation rates and lower truancy also witness relatively stronger grades and standardized test scores. Successful schools require strong investment in students on multiple fronts. To determine the states whose drivers have the strongest GPAs and therefore the best standing in terms of good student car insurance discounts, the data science and research team at Insurify, an auto insurance quotes comparison website, turned to their database of over 1.6 million insurance applications. In applying for coverage, motorists identify if they or any other driver on their policy is a student, and if so, report their corresponding grade point averages. These were then aggregated and averaged by state. Alaska was excluded from analysis for insufficient data. Statistics on graduation rates originate from the U.S. Department of Education’s National Center for Education Statistics 2017 report, ACT scores are from the 2018 Condition of College and Career Readiness report, 2018 SAT statistics are reported by the College Board, and 2017 truancy rates are disclosed by the Annie E. Casey Foundation’s Kids Count Data Center. Truancy is defined as the rate of teenagers aged 16-19 neither attending school nor working in each state. 10. Idaho Average GPA: 3.259 High School Graduation Rate: 79.7% Average ACT Score: 22.3 Average SAT Score: 1001 Percentage of teens who are neither working nor in school: 6% Kicking off our list is Idaho, with an average GPA of 3.259. Home to only 15 colleges and universities, Idaho is nonetheless here to prove its academic merit by ranking within the top 10 states with the highest grades nationwide. However, this strong average GPA does not translate to stellar scholastic statistics across the board. Idaho ranks within the bottom 10 states for graduation rate and within the bottom five for average SAT scores. 9. North Dakota We proceed to North Dakota, a state that boasts one of the highest average GPAs in the country at 3.26. Not only that, but the Roughrider state also claims the highest mean SAT score on this list and the third highest in the country overall, trailing only fellow northern states, Minnesota and Wisconsin. To round out these impressive accomplishments, North Dakota also has the lowest truancy rate nationwide along with Massachusetts and Minnesota. 8. Colorado Following the noteworthy performance of North Dakota’s students, Colorado’s statistics are more of a mixed bag. On the one hand, the state is within the top 10 in the U.S. for GPA, high ACT scores, and low rates of truancy. However, on the other, it is also within the bottom 10 for average SAT scores and high school graduation rate, the latter being the lowest on this top 10 ranking. 7. New Jersey Home to two of the 15 oldest universities in the nation, Princeton and Rutgers, New Jersey has a long legacy of top-tier education. Continuing that legacy, the Garden State claims the eighth position on this list. Not only does New Jersey fall within the top 10 states in America for mean GPA, but it also possesses the second highest graduation rate in the country. Nine out of 10 New Jersey high school students go on to graduate—ranking it the highest of any state in this top 10. New York is known as a state of opportunity, and that opportunity begins in the classroom. Along with an impressive GPA, the state also touts the fourth highest average ACT score in the United States. This is an interesting accomplishment, as the vast majority of students in New York take the SAT as their standardized test of choice. When New Yorkers go out of their way to take the ACT, it appears that they mean business. Average SAT Score: 999 Percentage of teens who are neither working nor in school: 11% West Virginia is known for scenic roadways that wind through beautiful Appalachian landscapes. But how smart are the drivers who traverse them? It depends on which statistics you consider. The state has one of the highest mean GPAs in America along with one of the top 10 graduation rates in the country. That being said, the Mountain state also has the second lowest SAT score and the highest truancy rate nationwide. As one of the states in the direst need of road repair according to TRIP, Hawaii drivers have to be smart when navigating unmaintained rural roadways. Luckily, their reported average GPA ranks them amongst the top five smartest states in the country. Unfortunately, the good news ends there. Hawaii has the lowest mean ACT score on this list and the fifth lowest in the United States. Additionally, the state has one of the highest truancy rates in America—nearly 30 percent higher than the national average. 3. New Hampshire Students in New Hampshire have a great deal about which to be proud. Not only do they have one of the highest average GPAs in the country, but they also have the third highest ACT scores, one of the lowest rates of truancy, and the tenth highest graduation rate nationwide. In fact, their average ACT score is a full 21 percent higher than the national mean and their share of teenagers who are neither working nor in school is almost 30 percent lower. The Beehive State is the first on this list to break a B+ average GPA. Not only that, but Utah’s graduation rate, SAT scores, and truancy rate are all better than the national statistics. That being said, there is far from universal support for standardized evaluations in the state. This report comes in the midst of controversy over parents increasingly opting students out of end-of-the-year exams and new legislation that allows educators to incentivize students’ effort and participation in response. Massachusetts is an academic giant, with nearly 100 colleges and universities located within 50 miles of Boston alone. Living up to this lofty reputation, the Bay State also reports the highest average GPA in the country. Not only this, but the state’s mean ACT score, 25.5, is the second highest nationwide at 23 percent higher than the national score. Moreover, Massachusetts has a truancy rate of only four percent—57 percent lower than the national share and the lowest in America overall.	cc/2020-05/en_head_0067.json.gz/line468
__label__wiki	0.756953	0.756953	On a beautiful college campus, something ugly is about to be spread around. A bit of gossip that was told is starting to take a frightening turn. Who could it… Powerful businessman Russ Duritz is self-absorbed and immersed in his work. But by the magic of the moon, he meets Rusty, a chubby, charming 8-year-old version of himself who can’t… Set in the 22nd century, when a battered salvage ship sends out a distress signal, the seasoned crew of the rescue hospital ship Nova-17 responds. What they find is a… Genre: Horror, Sci-Fi, Science Fiction, Thriller When ruthless terrorists threaten to bring down the United Nations, they frame the one man they believe can stop them: an international security expert named Shaw. Now he must run… Genre: Action, Adventure, Crime, Thriller New York police detective John Shaft arrests Walter Wade Jr. for a racially motivated slaying. But the only eyewitness disappears, and Wade jumps bail for Switzerland. Two years later Wade… The Toro cheerleading squad from Rancho Carne High School in San Diego has got spirit, spunk, sass and a killer routine that’s sure to land them the national championship trophy… The story of two outcast sisters, Ginger (Katharine Isabelle) and Brigitte (Emily Perkins), in the mindless suburban town of Bailey Downs. On the night of Ginger’s first period, she is… Before Night Falls Spanning several decades, this powerful biopic offers a glimpse into the life of famed Cuban poet and novelist Reinaldo Arenas, an artist who was vilified for his homosexuality in Fidel… In the future, the Japanese government captures a class of ninth-grade students and forces them to kill each other under the revolutionary “Battle Royale” act. Genre: Adventure, Drama, Sci-Fi, Thriller Leonard Shelby is tracking down the man who raped and murdered his wife. The difficulty, however, of locating his wife’s killer is compounded by the fact that he suffers from… In the year 180, the death of emperor Marcus Aurelius throws the Roman Empire into chaos. Maximus is one of the Roman army’s most capable and trusted generals and a… Duets is a road-trip comedy which revolves around the little known world of karaoke and the whimsical characters who inhabit it. All roads lead to Omaha, site of a national… When Geoff, an orphaned stable boy (Chris Masterson), discovers Drake (voice of Robby Benson), the world’s last living dragon, he realizes that his dream of becoming a knight in shining… Genre: Action, Adventure, Comedy, Drama, Fantasy, Thriller Ryan and Jennifer are opposites who definitely do not attract. At least that’s what they always believed. When they met as twelve-year-olds, they disliked one another. When they met again… The Skulls Luke’s exultance at being selected for The Skulls (a secret society bred within the walls of a prominent Ivy League Campus) is soon overshadowed when he realises that all is… Based on the popular books, the story tells of Tony who wants a friend to add some adventure to his life. What he gets is Rudolph, a vampire kid with… Genre: Adventure, Comedy, Family, Fantasy, Horror The 6th Day Futuristic action about a man who meets a clone of himself and stumbles into a grand conspiracy about clones taking over the world. Genre: Action, Mystery, Sci-Fi, Science Fiction, Thriller Ice Cube returns as Craig Jones, a streetwise man from South Central Los Angeles who has a knack for getting into trouble. This time out, Craig is still trying to… With computer genius Luther Stickell at his side and a beautiful thief on his mind, agent Ethan Hunt races across Australia and Spain to stop a former IMF agent from… Inside a snowflake exists the magical land of Whoville. In Whoville, live the Whos, an almost mutated sort of Munchkin-like people. All the Whos love Christmas, yet just outside of… Elliot Richardson, suicidal techno geek, is given seven wishes to turn his life around when he meets up with a very seductive Satan. The catch: his soul. Some of his… Buzz Lightyear of Star Command: The Adventure Begins Buzz Lightyear must battle Emperor Zurg with the help of three hopefuls who insist on being his partners. Genre: Action, Adventure, Animation, Comedy, Family, Sci-Fi, Science Fiction Miss Congeniality When the local FBI office receives a letter from a terrorist known only as ‘The Citizen’, it’s quickly determined that he’s planning his next act at the Miss America beauty… Genre: Action, Comedy, Crime, Romance Following on the heels of popular teen-scream horror movies, with uproarious comedy and biting satire. Marlon and Shawn Wayans, Shannon Elizabeth and Carmen Electra pitch in to skewer some of… Avery (Jones) returns to college as a competitive swimmer after getting his life back on track. But his life takes another unexpected turn when he and his two friends (Bonds,… An orphaned dinosaur raised by lemurs joins an arduous trek to a sancturary after a meteorite shower destroys his family home. Genre: Adventure, Animation, Family, Thriller In October 1991, a confluence of weather conditions combined to form a killer storm in the North Atlantic. Caught in the storm was the sword-fishing boat Andrea Gail. Magnificent foreshadowing… Genre: Action, Adventure, Drama, Thriller An Extremely Goofy Movie It’s all extreme sports and a life of freedom as Max sets off for college — but Goofy misses Max so much he loses his job and goes to finish… Genre: Animation, Comedy, Family, Sport Gone in Sixty Seconds Upon learning that he has to come out of retirement to steal 50 cars in one night to save his brother Kip’s life, former car thief Randall “Memphis” Raines enlists… Four friends take off on an 1800 mile road trip to retrieve an illicit tape mistakenly mailed to a girl friend. Chon Wang, a clumsy imperial guard trails Princess Pei Pei when she is kidnapped from the Forbidden City and transported to America. Wang follows her captors to Nevada, where he… Genre: Action, Adventure, Comedy, Western Twenty-something Richard travels to Thailand and finds himself in possession of a strange map. Rumours state that it leads to a solitary beach paradise, a tropical bliss – excited and… Genre: Adventure, Drama, Romance, Thriller Titan A.E. A young man finds out that he holds the key to restoring hope and ensuring survival for the human race, while an alien species called the Dredge are bent on… Genre: Action, Adventure, Animation, Family, Sci-Fi, Science Fiction After a teenager has a terrifying vision of him and his friends dying in a plane crash, he prevents the accident only to have Death hunt them down, one by… When a local woman disappears and the police can’t seem to find any leads, her father turns to a poor young woman with psychic powers. Slowly she starts having visions… The Legend of Bagger Vance World War I has left golfer Rannulph Junuh a poker-playing alcoholic, his perfect swing gone. Now, however, he needs to get it back to play in a tournament to save… After a failed swindle, two con-men end up with a map to El Dorado, the fabled “city of gold,” and an unintended trip to the New World. Much to their… Genre: Adventure, Animation, Comedy, Family, Romance Having been hopelessly repressed and facing eventual certain death at the British chicken farm where they are held, Rocky the american rooster and Ginger the chicken decide to rebel against… Genre: Adventure, Animation, Comedy, Drama, Family A college dropout gets a job as a broker for a suburban investment firm, which puts him on the fast track to success, but the job might not be as…	cc/2020-05/en_head_0067.json.gz/line469
__label__wiki	0.705326	0.705326	Shai Gilgeous-Alexander Is Youngest Player To Have 20-Rebound Triple-Double Oklahoma City Thunder point guard Shai Gilgeous-Alexander is the youngest player ever to record a 20-rebound triple-double, breaking a 26-year-old record held by Shaquille O'Neal by 74 days. Gilgeous-Alexander dominated the boards against the Minnesota Timberwolves, pulling in a career-high 20 rebounds, while adding 20 points and ten assists, in a 117-104 victory. Gilgeous-Alexander pulled off the impressive feat at the age of 21 years, 185 days while Shaq was 21 years, 259 days -old when he put up 24 points, 28 rebounds, and 15 blocks on November 20, 1993. After the game, Gilgeous-Alexander told reporters that Thunder coach Billy Donovan has been challenging him to do more than just score. "Coach had challenged me before the game to fill up the stat sheet more and do more things," Gilgeous-Alexander said. "Because he thought, as well as myself thought, that I was more capable of what I was doing." The Thunder acquired Gilgeous-Alexander in a trade with the Lakers during the offseason, and he has played well, averaging 19.9 points per game.	cc/2020-05/en_head_0067.json.gz/line471
__label__wiki	0.676485	0.676485	U.S. Senate and House Members Listen to Kidney Patients AAKP Joins National Kidney Foundation on Capitol Hill TAMPA, FL:The American Association of Kidney Patients, AAKP, kicked off National Kidney Month March 2-3 as a partner with the National Kidney Foundation (NKF) at the second annual Kidney Patient Summit in Washington, D.C. Over eighty kidney patients and caregivers from across the country met with their elected representatives to voice their strong support for efforts to increase living kidney donations, provide immunosuppressive drug coverage for the life a transplanted kidney (coverage is currently limited to thirty-six months) as well as continued kidney disease research and prevention funding. Richard Knight, Vice President and Chair of Public Policy for the American Association of Kidney Patients stated, “We sincerely appreciated the amount of time Congressional leaders and their staffs spent listening carefully to patient concerns. Each person with whom we spoke indicated they had learned more about the practical impact kidney disease has on an individual’s ability to remain healthy, fully employed and capable of caring for their families and pursuing their dreams.” Knight continued saying, “We were very encouraged with the level of bipartisan support for more legislative efforts to encourage living donation, provide immunosuppressive drug coverage for kidney transplant patients and to expand research funding.” Mr. Knight is a veteran Capitol Hill staffer, small business owner and an adjunct faculty member of Bowie State University’s College of Business. In addition to AAKP and NKF, the 2015 Kidney Patient Summit included patient representatives from the Polycystic Kidney Disease Foundation (PKDF), the Alport Syndrome Foundation (ASF), the IGA Nephropathy Foundation of America (IGA), and Nephcure Kidney International (NFI). Over the next several months, AAKP will expand its Capitol Hill efforts as it joins other allies from the health care and the kidney community to make kidney patient perspectives better known among Congressional leaders and their staffs. AAKP will be joining with the American Society of Nephrology (ASN), the Renal Physicians Association (RPA), the National Renal Administrators Association (NRAA) and several other national organizations. AAKP board members and patient members conducted visits across Capitol Hill with multiple Congressional offices, some of which included: Senator Ben Cardin (MD); Senator Barbara Mikulski (MD); Senator Mark Warner (VA); Senator Tim Kaine (VA); Senator Bill Nelson (FL); Congresswoman Donna Edwards (MD); Congressman John Delaney (MD); Congressman Chris Van Hollen (MD); Congressman John Sarbanes (MD); Congressman Steny Hoyer (MD); Congressman Scott Rigell (VA); Congressman Robert Scott (VA); Congressman Bob Goodlatte (VA); Congressman Patrick Murphy (FL); Congresswoman Lois Frankel (FL); Congressman David Jolly (FL) and Congressman Daniel Webster (FL). Kidney care, including dialysis, costs the American taxpayer over $35 billion per year, an estimated 7% of the Federal budget. An estimated 26 million Americans suffer from chronic kidney disease (CKD), including more than 600,000 individuals who suffer from complete renal failure which includes those on dialysis or have a functioning kidney transplant. Today, there are 109,439 people on the kidney transplant waiting list. In additional to a broad range of relationships in the United States Congress and among allied kidney organizations, AAKP works very closely with Federal agencies and senior leaders across government to inform policy and regulatory decisions related to kidney disease care and prevention as well as dialysis and kidney transplantation. These agencies include the Centers for Medicare and Medicaid Services (CMS), the Health Resources and Services Administration (HRSA), the Center for Medicare & Medicaid Innovation (CMMI), the Government Accountability Office (GAO), the Food and Drug Administration (FDA), the National Institutes of Health (NIH), as well as the National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases (NIDDK). AAKP will continue its focus on patient health, patient engagement and public policy at its 2015 National Patient Meeting to be held in Nashville, Tennessee September 25-27, 2015. The National Patient Meeting will feature health care and policy experts discussing topics including expansion of living kidney donation, new treatment methods, advances in medical technology and pharmaceuticals, efforts to keep kidney patients fully employed as well as training on social media activism. For more information on the 2015 AAKP National Patient Meeting, as well as sponsorship and vendor opportunities, please contact Diana Clynes, AAKP’s Director of Programs & Services at dclynes@aakp.org or call 813-400-2391. AAKP is a voluntary non-profit organization founded by kidney patients, which for more than 45 years, has been dedicated to improving the quality of life of kidney patients through education, advocacy and the fostering of patient communities. The programs offered by AAKP inform and inspire patients and their families to better understand their condition, adjust more readily to their circumstances, and assume more normal, productive lives in their communities.	cc/2020-05/en_head_0067.json.gz/line473
__label__cc	0.726726	0.273274	Press Release: AUDA announces Hubert Danso as interim Chair of AUDA-NEPAD Continental Business Network Council (CBN) Rwanda set to establish a nuclear power plant centre Rwanda has announced plans to establish a Centre for Nuclear Science and Technology (CNST) within the next five years.... read more West Africa’s biggest solar farm launched in Burkina Faso Burkina Faso is now home to West Africa’s biggest solar farm, a 33-megawatt plant located in the town of... read more A $15 Billion Oil Bet Is Tough Challenge for Richest African Aliko Dangote has made a fortune out of cement and food processing. Now, Africa’s richest person is embarking on a... read more Kenya signs a crude oil processing deal with three oil firms The government of the republic of Kenya through the states ministry of Petroleum and Mining has signed an agreement... read more Swissport Tanzania to invest US $1.8m in Kilimanjaro International Airport Swissport Tanzania plans to invest US $1.8m on ground equipment at the Kilimanjaro International Airport (KIA) to improve export handling... read more South Africa’s Broadway Boulevard road to undergo widening and upgrade The City of Cape Town together with the South African National Road Agency Limited (SANRAL) are overseeing the reconstruction... read more Senegal’s new $575 million airport opens after 10-year saga The largest airport in Senegal will open its doors on December 7, after more than a decade of development... read more Financing Infrastructure Deficits: An African Trade Imperative With the US and China slapping tariffs on each other and agreements like NAFTA being revised, free trade isn’t likely to... read more First enclosed mall in Vryburg South Africa to open in 2021 South Africa’s North West agricultural town of Vryburg is set to open its first enclosed shopping mall in 2020. Chief... read more Kenya,Tanzania to construct a road linking Malindi and Bagamoyo Kenya and Tanzania have plans to construct a 412 km road that will connect Malindi and Bagamoyo. The road... read more	cc/2020-05/en_head_0067.json.gz/line476
__label__wiki	0.948122	0.948122	Historic Middle Street Synagogue in Brighton vandalised with red paint splashed across its doors The historic Middle Street Synagogue in Brighton has reportedly been vandalised with red paint splashed on its famous front doors. The incident was revealed by journalist and author, Lyn Julius, on Facebook. Ms Julius is scheduled to speak at the synagogue on Sunday. The synagogue is a popular tourist attraction. The Grade II* listed building has what is regarded as Brighton’s second most important interior after the Royal Pavilion. Opened in 1875 and designed by local architect Thomas Lainson, it is one of the last remaining “cathedral synagogues” from the Golden Age of High Victorian synagogue architecture. In May this year, Labour Party member and activist, Amanda Bishop, called for fellow activists to “march” on her local synagogue in Brighton. Ms Bishop wrote in the Brighton and Hove Labour Party Facebook forum that: “We can’t allow this to go on. We need to march about this on the Synagogue in Hove, all of us members in Brighton.” Her call for direct action against the synagogue was in response to the suspension of Alexandrina Braithwaite, from the Brighton and Hove Labour branch, for sharing allegedly antisemitic posts on social media, which Ms Bishop felt was “bulls***”. Stephen Silverman, Director of Investigations and Enforcement at Campaign Against Antisemitism, said: “This cowardly act of vandalism against a historic synagogue comes just months after a prominent Labour activist called for a march on a synagogue nearby. It is yet further evidence of the extent to which antisemites have come to feel empowered to demonstrate their hatred of Jews. It is vital that the perpetrator is apprehended and feels the full force of the law.” Anyone with information should contact Sussex Police by calling 101. 08/11/2019 /by Anthony Lord Mann is The House magazine’s ‘campaigner of the week’ for his efforts... Pollster reports focus group “slated” Jeremy Corbyn for antisemitism “straight...	cc/2020-05/en_head_0067.json.gz/line479
__label__cc	0.70209	0.29791	ERROR: type should be string, got "https://apnews.com/Globe%2520Newswire/105fed5490c2aad3780c25935f2509a4\nPress release content from Globe Newswire. The AP news staff was not involved in its creation.\nGlobe Newswire\nGlobeNewswire: Arts & Entertainment\nPRESS RELEASE: Paid content from Globe Newswire\nSurge Holdings Provides Update on Completing Asset Purchase of ECS Prepaid Wireless Business and Software Platform; Adds 9,800 Retail Locations to SurgePays™ Network and Projected $48.7 Million of Additional Annualized Revenue\nSurge Holdings, Inc.November 5, 2019 GMT\nECS platform currently processes over 18,000 transactions per day and supports over 160 independent sales organizations and agents representing potential new Surge partners and customers\nImmediate goal to launch high demand and trending retail products through the SurgePays Network to rapidly scale revenue\nTransaction expected to be immediately accretive to earnings\nMemphis, TN, Nov. 05, 2019 (GLOBE NEWSWIRE) -- Surge Holdings, Inc. (“Surge”) (OTCQB: SURG), developer of the SurgePays™ Network for convenience stores, bodegas and community markets that provide products to the underbanked, today provided an update on completing the asset purchase of the ECS Prepaid business, Electronic Check Services business and the Central States Legal Services business (collectively, “ECS”).\nThrough its proprietary Fintech software platform, ECS is a leading provider of prepaid wireless load and top-ups, check cashing and wireless SIM activation to convenience stores and bodegas nationwide. Since 2008, ECS has grown to a network of over 9,800 retail locations and 160 independent sales organizations (“ISO”) processing over 18,000 transactions per day. Surge will integrate the ECS software with its SurgePays™ Network in order to offer both wholesale products from third-party manufacturers, as well as Surge products, including the SurgePays™ Reloadable Debit Card, SurgePhone Wireless and SIM Starter Kits. The transaction is expected to be immediately accretive to earnings.\nBrian Cox, Chairman and CEO of Surge Holdings, commented, “This transaction marks a major inflection point for Surge, by immediately adding over 9,800 new retail locations, $48.7 million in additional projected annualized revenue, and 160 ISO salespeople. The developers are already working to integrate software platforms to include the ability to cross market the SurgePays™ Reloadable Debit Card, SurgePhone Wireless and SIM Starter Kits, as well as layer on additional high demand and trending products through the SurgePays™ Network. ECS and their management team of Derron Winfrey and Mark Garner have been a leader in our sector for a long time. We are excited about working with them to scale up the business - not only by adding stores, but also increasing same store revenue.”\nDerron Winfrey, President of ECS, commented, “We are extremely excited about the integration with Surge and the opportunity to bring Surge’s product offering to our network. Our business models are closely aligned and highly complementary. The significant and immediate synergies will allow us to scale much more rapidly, growing both the network and product offerings. ECS was built as a preferred partner to our ISO’s and independent retailers, catering to mom and pop shop owners by bringing them a level of service typically only found in the big box space. Many people do not realize that independent store owners make up approximately 53% of the entire convenience store marketplace, so this is a significant, underserved addressable market. We believe the level of service and product offerings that come from combining the strengths of Surge and ECS are unmatched in the industry and we are aligning our organizations to bring this advanced technology and service offering to our retail and ISO partners.”\nAbout Surge Holdings, Inc:\nSurge Holdings, Inc. is a retail supply chain company that provides a virtual distribution hub for retailers, as well as offers telecom services for low income customers and financial payment services for the unbanked and under-banked. Surge products are delivered through a nationwide network of convenience stores and corner markets connected to the recently launched SurgePays™ Network. ( https://surgepays.com ) This retail platform is designed to transform the traditional supply chain by providing local retailers seamless access to global products and to empower the corner store to select, order and fulfill delivery of wholesale goods from around the country. This platform also provides manufacturers a cost-effective and efficient platform to access local retailers. For more information on Surge Holdings and its subsidiaries, please visit: https://surgeholdings.com.\nAnnualized revenue is assumed if the Company had completed the acquisition on January 1 of the current fiscal period. The $48.7M is based on the gross revenue of the acquired businesses for the fiscal year ended December 31, 2018. The Company has not completed an audit on the value and annualized revenue is not a basis in accordance with accounting principles generally accepted in the United States. Such amounts have not been audited by the Company.\nThis press release contains information that constitutes forward-looking statements made pursuant to the safe harbor provisions of the Private Securities Litigation Reform Act of 1995. Forward-looking terminology such as “believes”, “expects”, “may”, “will”, “should”, “anticipates”, “plans”, or similar expressions or the negative of these terms and similar expressions are intended to identify forward-looking statements. Any such forward-looking statements involve risk and uncertainties that could cause actual results to differ materially from any future results described by the forward-looking statements. Risk factors that could contribute to such differences include those matters more fully disclosed in the Company’s reports filed with the U.S. Securities and Exchange Commission. The forward-looking information provided herein represents the Company’s estimates as of the date of the press release, and subsequent events and developments may cause the Company’s estimates to change. The Company specifically disclaims any obligation to update the forward-looking information in the future. Therefore, this forward-looking information should not be relied upon as representing the Company’s estimates of its future financial performance as of any date subsequent to the date of this press release.\nInvestor Contact:Crescendo Communications, LLC Tel: 212-671-1020Email: SURG@crescendo-ir.com"	cc/2020-05/en_head_0067.json.gz/line483
__label__wiki	0.647186	0.647186	https://apnews.com/PR%2520Newswire/82271a38e9dd66858c170f263b7bf5a3 Tarun Chopra named Clements Worldwide CEO Tarun Chopra, President & CEO, Clements Worldwide WASHINGTON, Dec. 17, 2019 /PRNewswire/ -- Clements Worldwide, a leader in international insurance for expatriates and organizations, announced that the company President Tarun Chopra would become the organization’s Chief Executive Officer. Chopra will also retain his President role, while Jon Clements will continue to serve as company Chairman. “It is with great excitement I announce Tarun Chopra’s promotion to Chief Executive Officer of Clements Worldwide,” Clements said. “Tarun brings a variety of leadership skills to this role that have been honed over many years as a corporate leader elsewhere and during his nine years as a global leader at Clements. The company’s future could not be brighter under Tarun’s leadership and I have no doubt he will take Clements Worldwide to even greater heights. Anyone that knows Tarun quickly realizes that he is passionate and focused, but is also a person that shows warmth and caring to our customers, partners, and employees.” Chopra brings plenty of experience to the CEO role. He joined Clements in 2010 as Chief Financial Officer and was promoted to President in 2017. His pre-Clements career included more than two decades in business operations roles with world-renowned organizations such as Fannie Mae, Whirlpool, Boston Consulting Group, and Ernst & Young. His experience is also multi-faceted—Chopra has worked in numerous areas, including strategic planning, operations, technology, and finance. Chopra will now use his expertise to help Clements Worldwide accomplish its mission of helping people and organizations gain the freedom to live and operate anywhere in the world. Chopra welcomes the challenge and cherishes the opportunity to become the company’s next Chief Executive. “It is an honor to have an opportunity to lead Clements Worldwide, and I am deeply humbled,” Chopra said. “I thank Jon and the Board of Directors for the confidence they have shown in me. Clements Worldwide’s unique portfolio, outstanding customer service, and hard-working team make me confident that we will continue to bring tremendous value to our customers and shareholders for years to come. Clements will remain ex-pats’ go-to insurance source.” ABOUT CLEMENTS WORLDWIDE Clements Worldwide was founded in 1947 by Robert Clements and M. Juanita Guess-Clements with the vision of delivering customized insurance solutions for expatriates worldwide. Clements is the first company to offer expatriate insurance for U.S. State Department employees, providing U.S. Foreign Service officers with insurance coverage while on overseas assignment. Today, the firm offers a wide range of insurance products and services for both individuals and organizations that work and travel across borders. Clements operates five offices around the globe: Washington, D.C., London, Brussels, Amsterdam, and Dubai. Contact: Nabeel Ahmed Head of Global Marketing nahmed@clements.com Source: Clements Worldwide View original content to download multimedia: http://www.prnewswire.com/news-releases/tarun-chopra-named-clements-worldwide-ceo-300976340.html SOURCE Clements Worldwide	cc/2020-05/en_head_0067.json.gz/line484
__label__wiki	0.780323	0.780323	Commission created—Appointment of members—Terms—Qualifications—Removal. There is hereby created a transportation commission, which shall consist of seven voting members appointed by the governor, with the consent of the senate. The present five members of the highway commission shall serve as five initial members of the transportation commission until their terms of office as highway commission members would have expired. The additional two members provided herein for the transportation commission shall be appointed for initial terms to expire on June 30, 1982, and June 30, 1983. Thereafter all terms shall be for six years. No elective state official, state officer, or state employee shall be a member of the commission. At the time of appointment or thereafter during their respective terms of office, four members of the commission shall reside in the western part of the state and three members shall reside in the eastern part of the state as divided north and south by the summit of the Cascade mountains. No more than two members of the commission shall reside in the same county; however, the governor, or his or her designee, shall serve as a nonvoting member of the commission. Commission appointments should reflect both a wide range of transportation interests and a balanced statewide geographic representation. Commissioners may be removed from office by the governor before the expiration of their terms for cause. No member shall be appointed for more than two consecutive terms. [ 2006 c 334 § 1; 1977 ex.s. c 151 § 5.] Effective date—2006 c 334: "This act takes effect July 1, 2006." [ 2006 c 334 § 52.]	cc/2020-05/en_head_0067.json.gz/line485
__label__cc	0.749076	0.250924	Nifty little game engine Stumbled across this game engine during my post-work surfing. Essentially this is a special relativity modeler, slowing down the virtual speed of light so some of the stranger, more paradoxical effects are visible in real time. There's an element of this video that verges on the 'ooh, trippy lights,' category of game demos, but I like the alternate perspective on science it offers. Hiraeth Every once in awhile I'll run into a new word that will stick with me for a while. This word, hiraeth, is Welsh and represents one of those innumerable words that fall into broad category one might call 'unenglishable.' Essentially the word is homesickness tinged with nostalgia, a wistful ache for something that wasn't ever actually experienced. There's a kind of tragic tone to the word as it often describes the feeling Welsh people feel for a homeland that was absorbed a long, long time ago into England. Not so coincidentally, I consider myself Welsh in background. I'm a lot of things actually, Irish, Swedish, Scottish but, somehow my parent's calculation that I was at least 40% Welsh always resonated with me. Now, mind you, I never made the slightest effort to actually learn anything about my supposed homeland, allowing it to remain some hazy realm filled with scraps of hills and valleys, red dragons and an almost comically opaque language. Welsh was a ho… Memorial Day is the start of the official countdown for me. I have a few more weeks of regular employment and then bring on the summer. I'm really looking forward to the two and a half months this year. Last year I felt I made real progress making the switch from having this writing thing be a hobby to something, you know, else... I've written a half a dozen stories, gotten more or less to the rejection process, and developed a somewhat work schedule for this blog, writing stories, and then sending them out. Still, the summer is when I get the bulk of work done. It's not too tough keeping up a regular schedule during the first half of the school year but once we get to this point the work load begins to expand exponentially. It will be nice to resume my routine of waking up at a decent hour, trundling over to the local cafe, and banging out a thousand or so words everyday. It's that routine that I've found really helps the process the most. When the product of a pr… Watson's new gig You might remember Watson as the black box digital Jeopardy champion from a few years back. You might have forgotten that after leaving showbiz, IBM's natural language-using super-computer turned to oncology, providing diagnosis based on user answers to questions. Now Watson is moving into the customer service industry, having been tapped to provide answers to chat, telephone, and email questions for Royal Bank of Canda, Nielson (television ratings), among other companies. Because I do not work in a field that Watson could easily move into (for now), I can look at this development with a certain degree of dispassion. But here is more evidence that one huge industry previously dependent on human labor is about to be seriously disrupted. The point isn't that millions of telecommunications workers will suddenly be unemployed but rather that millions more will never be hired, their positions taken up by 'good-enough' intelligence of Watson. The Ship Itself I saw Star Trek into Darkness again this weekend, same movie twice in three days, something I don't normally do. I wondered why to myself afterwards. What makes me want to see a movie again, especially back-to-back? As you might tell from my review, or possibly your own experience, the movie is good, very good in places, but certainly not the best-thing-I've-ever-seen great. So why was I so enthralled? What was I hoping to get out of a repeat viewing? To me it boils down to two images, one of which is a SPOILER and one of which is definitely not. First, I loved the image of the monster crying. Benedict Cumberbatch does a phenonemal job selling a sinister and yet devoted Khan Noonien Singh. There is something so perversely right about the helpless rage he lapses into after surrendering to Kirk. He was convinced the others exiled with him had been killed and now he saw the possibility that they would be saved. The idea of these genetically, genocidal maniacs running around "… Star Trek into Darkness review Star Trek into Darkness poses a challenge to review without spoilers. So much of what makes it worth talking about, as a Trek fan, is bound up in the interplay between the mythology of Star Trek and the requirements of a summer blockbuster. Nevertheless, it's possible to talk about the first third of movie without getting into too much trouble so I'll start there. J.J. Abrams' second movie opens on the planet Nibiru with James T. Kirk (again played by the very versatile and energetic Chris Pine) fleeing through a scarlet forest away from some sort of wicker ziggurant. He holds a scroll in his hand, which he informs Leonard McCoy (Karl Urban who at this point owns Bones' folksy snark) he saw the natives of the planet prostrating themselves in worship over. Overhead we see the roiling smoke of the volcano where Spock, Sulu, and Uhura (Zachary Quinto, John Cho, and Zoe Saldana) are getting ready to drop a 'cold fusion device' into an active volcano, freezing it be… Real problems Let's talk about real problems. Not Benghazi. Not the IRS. Not even the deficit. Lets talk about the future. You see, the mainstream media is just beginning to awaken to the fact that something has changed over the past decade. There are no longer enough jobs for everyone and the number of employed people keeps decreasing a little bit each year. This has been happening since the turn of the century and it promises to accelerate. Partly this stems from the nature of the workforce. Demographically, we're getting older. As people live longer, a greater percentage of the population is retired or on disability. But a share of the blame goes to technology. At the dawn of the industrial revolution, the introduction of automation and mass production still required labor. Someone had to operate the increasingly sophisticated machines or design future machines. But we are reaching the cusp of a great wave of change. Machines are beginning to design other machines and smarter technologie… Personalized Toys On one level, this advertisement from Disney isn't that special. I remember going to Disney way back in the late 80s and getting some custom-made plastic gewgaw that I promptly threw in the bottom of the old toy bin as soon as we returned home. I also had mugs with my dogs face on it and I'm sure everyone has given at least one 'Build-A-Bear' stuffed animal or engraved knickknack from "Things Remembered." However, I do think 3D printing offers up something new. For one thing, the 11 year old version of me would have gone insane for this kind of thing. Just in the interest of honesty, that needs to be said. But I also know that the possibilities of this technology would have been just as compelling. With a little tinkering, you could imagine actual action figures with a real person's face on them or stuff animals with stylized rendering of a real pet. I'm not sure everyone would want this, but you have to imagine there would be some kind of market for … Some obviously great ideas Saw this video a couple of days ago and thought its genius was self-evident. http://youtu.be/BgYFL7x2ecw Preview for Ender's Game. Enjoy. Work: What's it Good For? I love my job. Okay? I love going to work each day and teaching what I know about ancient history to middle school students. I like the challenge of my job and like taking small steps every day to be better at what I do. I'm one of those very lucky people that has the job they would have picked. If I won the lottery tomorrow I really would go to work the next day. In other words, I'm lucky and I know it. However, a question has been pressing on my mind more and more recently. Why do we have to work? Clearly, until artificial intelligence progresses, someone needs to be in a classroom helping and encouraging young learners. So I have a few more years of relatively stable employment. But that's just not the case for every industry. Think about it. Manufacturing jobs are moving back to the states, but they're being filled by robots. Craigslist employs 35 people, makes a respectable amount of money, and has destroyed the market for classified ads across the country. There … L'Homme de Fer First, and I think you should keep this in mind, Iron Man is a fun action movie directed by guy, Sean Black, well-known for fun action movies (Lethal Weapon being the prime example). It has a pleasingly asymmetrical plot, lots of impressive SFX, and veritable police line-up of despicable villains. It doesn't do anything particularly new and its big "twist" is fairly low-key. As a matter of fact, the entire movie seems like an elaborate exercise in establishing the proper scale of an action movie. Right off the bat, Tony Stark (played with with a bit more roiling pathology than his last time out in the Avengers) listens calmly as his friend and fellow exoskeleton pilot Col. James Rhodes explains a series of bombings ascribed to an arch-terrorist The Mandarin. Stark suggests the problem is one for the President and the military rather than the Avengers and the Shield Organization. The suggestion here is that Iron Man is concerned with threats of a truly global scale, not t… Glass more than half full Forty percent. That's the number of Americans that would be willing to trade more of their civil liberties for security in the wake of the Boston Bombings according to a recent CNN/Time poll. Now, I've seen other numbers that are more encouraging and some that are less but the overall public reaction to the bloody terrorist attack on April 15th was muted and somber. Maybe a moment should be observed about what hasn't happened in the two weeks since the attack. No general outcry for more profiling, more wiretapping, more exceptions to basic liberties. No drum beat of more foreign adventures oversea or support for Russia to invade Chechnya. No blind panic. The reaction to the Tsarnaev's successful plot has been far from perfect. The 'voluntary' lock-down of Watertown and other parts of Greater Boston is troubling. I'd also like to know whether or not Dzhokhar did ask for a lawyer during his interrogation several times before being granted his request. But thi…	cc/2020-05/en_head_0067.json.gz/line487
__label__cc	0.681218	0.318782	Chemotherapy Side-Effects What are chemotherapy side effects? More serious side effects Long-term side effects Chemotherapy – often abbreviated to chemo or CTX – is a cancer treatment that uses anti-cancer drugs to fight the disease. Chemo is very common and is used to treat most types of cancer, both as a cure and as a method of improving the prognosis. Chemotherapy can result in a wide range of side effects. Cancer cells are characterized by their tendency to divide rapidly; chemo therefore fights the disease by attacking fast-dividing cells. Unfortunately, healthy cells that divide quickly are also targeted, resulting in adverse side effects. Although there is no way to prevent chemotherapy side effects altogether, there are methods of managing them that can lessen their worst symptoms. Some of the more common side effects of chemotherapy may include: Vomiting and nausea Loss of appetite and feeling full after eating only a small amount Sleeping issues Sex and fertility issues Bruising and bleeding Diarrhea and constipation Mouth and throat problems Skin and nail problems There is a higher risk of chemotherapy side effects in the elderly. With increasing age, the total body water decreases, leading to a reduced volume of distribution for drugs that dissolve in water. The total body fat increases, changing the body’s distribution of drugs that dissolve in fat. In addition, kidney function may decrease with age, leading to a decreased clearance of drugs that are excreted by the kidneys. Furthermore, the presence of other conditions, as well as other drugs being taken may, among other factors, all impact on the tolerability of chemotherapy.[1] Side effects of chemotherapy differ from person to person, ranging from mild to severe, depending on the type of cancer that is being treated, the chemotherapy drug that is being administered, the length of the course and the general health of the person.[2] It is difficult to predict what side effects will be experienced. Of those listed below, it is unlikely a person will experience them all.[3] Fatigue – lack of energy – is the most common side effect of chemotherapy. Those undergoing chemotherapy often feel a whole-body tiredness that is not relieved by sleep, and which may make them unable to carry out everyday tasks or work. Fatigue may continue once the treatment is over; intensive chemotherapy weakens the body, meaning full recovery can take a long time. There are many possible underlying causes of fatigue, some of which have medical treatment options. Where possible, the best way to combat fatigue is to find out and treat the underlying cause. For instance, there are medications available for fatigue caused by anemia. Vomiting and/or nausea is common to those undergoing chemotherapy. It can be managed with anti-sickness drugs which can be prescribed by a doctor. It should be noted, however, that these drugs can also have their own side effects. Many people find that hair loss is one of the most distressing side effects of chemo treatment. This side effect is common but won’t affect all people. The head is the most common location for hair loss, though other regions of the body can also be affected. In almost all cases, the hair will grow back once chemotherapy has been completed. Depending on the type of cancer and type of chemotherapy used, it is sometimes possible to reduce the chances of hair loss by wearing a cold cap during a treatment, designed to cool the scalp, reducing blood flow to the scalp and therefore reducing the amount of medicine that reaches it. By lowering the amount of red blood cells in the body, chemotherapy can also result in anemia. Symptoms of anemia can include: Pale complexion. Treatments for anemia differ according to its severity; a doctor will be able to explain the best options. Loss of appetite and early satiety People going through chemotherapy often experience a loss of appetite, i.e. the feeling of not being hungry, and/or early satiety, i.e. the feeling of being full after eating only a small amount. These changes may last the entire drug regimen or may only be experienced immediately after a treatment. Causes of loss of appetite include: Taste changes It is recommended that the affected person try to eat what they can and, if their doctor says it is ok, ensure they drink plenty of fluids. Some medications may be prescribed by a doctor for long-term lack of appetite. Problems with sleep, or insomnia, are common during chemotherapy. It may be helpful to think about possible causes, such as certain medications, pain or anxiety. A healthcare provider will be able to offer advice on how to manage sleep issues. Chemotherapy may lower a person’s libido or sex drive. Chemotherapy can also result in reduced fertility in both men and women. If there are concerns about lasting infertility, options such as IVF and egg/sperm banking can be explored with a doctor. Chemotherapy can result in a large amount of emotional stress. This stress can take the form of anxiety and may develop into depression. Talking therapies such as counseling and psychotherapy, as well as support groups to share with others in similar circumstances may help with the emotional stress of chemotherapy. Chemotherapy can often reduce the number of platelet cells in the blood. This can result in: Severe bleeding when cut Skin that bruises easily Treatments to improve platelet cell count are available. These include corticosteroid drugs and, in severe cases, blood transfusions. Diarrhea and/or constipation can be a common side effect in the early stages of chemotherapy. An affected person can consult a doctor for dietary recommendations to minimize diarrhea or constipation. If the problem persists and a doctor says it is ok, over-the-counter medications may be taken to help minimize this side effect. Chemotherapy can result in mouth and throat ulcers or sores, also known as mucositis. These ulcers can be painful and result in difficulty eating and drinking. They can also become easily infected. If necessary, doctors can prescribe painkillers or other appropriate treatments. Dry, itchy, discolored or sore skin can result from chemotherapy. The nails can also become brittle or flaky. Ointments and creams can be prescribed to help. For reasons that aren’t completely clear, chemotherapy can also result in short-term memory loss and an inability to concentrate properly. This side effect usually dissipates once the treatment is complete. Many people manage this by setting reminders, keeping written records and asking for help where necessary. Nerve damage can occur with chemotherapy. It often occurs during chemotherapy but can last longer or even be irreversible. It may also worsen with each dose. Symptoms of nerve damage may include some of the following sensations in the hands and feet:[4] Discomfort or pain Being less sensitive to hot and cold Cramps in the feet Treatment may be given to relieve the pain of nerve damage, and occupational therapy may be recommended in cases of permanent nerve damage. Sometimes, chemotherapy treatment has to be stopped because of nerve damage. Some side effects of chemotherapy are less common but can become serious. People undergoing chemotherapy are more at risk of developing osteoporosis, a condition that thins and weakens the bones. Women, particularly those over the age of 50, as well as people with breast cancer, are most at risk of osteoporosis.[5] Getting enough calcium and vitamin D (see vitamin D Deficiency) lessens the risk of developing the condition. If osteoporosis does develop after chemotherapy, treatment options are available. In rare cases, heart problems can occur with chemotherapy. The symptoms of this may include:[6] A rapid or irregular heartbeat In extreme cases, these heart problems may lead to a heart attack. If a person experiences any of these symptoms, it is important they contact their doctor immediately. Anti-cancer drugs used in chemotherapy can, in rare cases, lead to eye problems, including:[7] Thorough washing of the hands and the avoidance of unnecessary touching of the eyes can reduce the risk of eye problems. The duration of chemotherapy side effects varies. A majority of chemotherapy side effects will continue in duration for the length of the chemotherapy and disappear soon after the treatment has finished. However, some can be more long lasting, and others can develop after the chemotherapy has finished. Chemo side effects after treatment may include: Organ problems The anti-cancer drugs used in chemotherapy can lead to long-term problems in organs such as the heart, lungs, kidneys and bladder.[8] To lessen the chances of developing these problems, doctors will check the person’s medical history before administering the drugs and avoid uncomplimentary drugs accordingly. Risk of second cancer Some chemotherapy drugs have been linked to causing a second cancer of a different type. It is important to realize that this is very rare, and that doctors will avoid the use of these drugs if at all possible. They will also advise about the risks before going forward with the treatment.[9] Q: Are there any natural remedies for chemotherapy side effects? A: There are a variety of natural remedies that may help with the management of mild chemotherapy side effects. Always talk to a doctor before beginning to use any chemotherapy side effect remedies, as some methods could interfere with the treatment itself. Natural chemotherapy side effect remedies include:[10] Ginger: Research suggests eating or drinking foods containing ginger can act as a natural antiemetic. Relaxation: Taking steps to relax can help to reduce stress, something that may contribute to chemotherapy side effects. Zinc: Eating foods rich in zinc, such as beef, shellfish and fortified breakfast cereals, may help prevent taste changes, a side effect of chemotherapy, radiation and some pain medicines. Glutamine: Taken in supplement form, glutamine may help to reduce weakness and numbness or pain in the hands and feet, and mouth sores and soreness, though evidence is not conclusive. Acupuncture: Many people report that this helps with pain relief, as well as other symptoms such as nausea, dry mouth and anxiety. Q: Chemotherapy side effects: when do they start? A: Chemotherapy side effects can be acute, meaning immediate, or late, meaning they are delayed. Acute side effects may begin when the treatment is given or very soon after it is finished. However, some people may develop side effects further into the treatment or after treatment is finished, or may have no side effects at all.[11] Q: Do chemo side effects get worse with each treatment? A: Some people undergoing chemotherapy report that they feel more fatigue the further along they get in their regimen. Nerve damage can occur with chemotherapy, and this may get worse with each dose. Sometimes, treatment has to be stopped because of this. However, other side effects, including nausea, constipation and diarrhea, are not typically cumulative with repeated treatment.[12] Q: What is the timeline for chemo side effects? A: Everyone reacts differently to chemotherapy, and some people may have mild or no side effects at all or only experience one or two symptoms. However, the first symptom following treatment is often nausea, which may last for a few hours after each treatment or may linger for several days and may continue throughout the drug regimen. Symptoms that may develop slightly later, in the days, weeks and months after beginning treatment, include:[13] Mouth soreness and changes in taste: Often occurs within five to ten days after starting; typically goes away gradually in about three to four weeks after treatment is finished. Fatigue: Usually begins after the first week or two of chemotherapy; normally resolves within six months after treatment. Loss of mental acuity: Often occurs within the first few weeks after beginning chemotherapy; may increase, depending on the dosage, type of chemotherapy and general health of the person affected; may last for up to a year or two after treatment is finished. Hair loss: Usually begins within two to three weeks after starting chemotherapy; tends to start growing back two to three months after treatment is finished. “Breast Cancer in the Elderly." Medscape. Date Accessed: 3 August 2018. ↩ “Managing Chemotherapy Side Effects.” Breast Cancer. February 14 2017. Date Accessed: June 26 2017. ↩ “Side-effects of chemotherapy.” NHS Choices. February 22 2017. Date Accessed: June 26 2017. ↩ “"What Is Peripheral Neuropathy?” American Cancer Society. 8 January 2019. Date Accessed: 27 February 2019. ↩ “Bone Health.” NCCN. Date Accessed: June 26 2017. ↩ “Can chemotherapy side-effects increase the risk of heart disease?.” Mayo Clinic. October 13 2015. Date Accessed: June 26 2017. ↩ “Eye Problems.” Chemocare. Date Accessed: June 26 2017. ↩ “Chemotherapy’s Effects on Organs/Body Systems.” URMC. Date Accessed: June 26 2017. ↩ “Late side effects of chemotherapy.” Cancer Research UK. January 15 2015. Date Accessed: June 26 2017. ↩ “Can Natural Remedies Help Ease Cancer Drug Side Effects?" WebMD. Date Accessed: 3 August 2018. ↩ "Chemotherapy: effects and side effects." The Royal Marsden NHS. Date Accessed: 3 August 2018. ↩ “Side Effects of Chemotherapy." Cancer.Net. Date Accessed: 5 August 2018. ↩ “What is the Timeline for Chemotherapy Side Effects?” Livestrong.com. 14 August 2017. Date Accessed: 3 August 2018. ↩ More languages coming soon.	cc/2020-05/en_head_0067.json.gz/line492
__label__wiki	0.612625	0.612625	Online Legal Research and Law Library National Updates Students & Examinations Precis Writing for Judicial Examinations Judgment Writing for Trial Court Judicial Dictionary Sanskrit English Dictionary Mahabharata Stories Advocatetanmoy Law Library Central Acts SC Judgments Historic Judgments Overruled Cases Bail Matters SRI DASAIAH AND SMT. RATHNAMMAVs. THE STATE OF KARNATAKA Posted on June 1, 2019 by Advocatetanmoy in Bail Matters and tagged Bail. KARNATAKA HIGH COURT SINGLE BENCH ( Before : Aravind Kumar, J ) SRI DASAIAH AND SMT. RATHNAMMA — Appellant THE STATE OF KARNATAKA — Respondent Criminal Petition No. 3788 of 2011 Decided on : 05-08-2011 Penal Code, 1860 (IPC) – Section 302 Counsel for Appearing Parties A.M. Balaji and B.M. Mohan Kumar, for the Appellant; B. Raja Subrahmanya Bhat, HCGP, for the Respondent Aravind Kumar, J.—Petitioners 1 and 2 are arraigned as accused No. 1 and 2 in Crime No. 398/2009 by Hassan Town Police for offence punishable u/s 302 of Indian Penal Code is before this Court seeking for being enlarged on bail. 2. Case of the prosecution is that deceased is the husband of second Petitioner and she had an illicit relationship with the first Petitioner and inspite of repeated requests by the deceased to his wife not to indulge in such activity it did not yield any fruitful result and villagers had also advised both the Petitioners i.e., 1 and 2 not to indulge in such activity for which both the Petitioners had stated that No. one had right to interfere with their personal relationship and since deceased was coming in the way of Petitioners having their illicit relationship, he is said to have been murdered by the Petitioners. A report came to be filed on 23.12.2009 by PC 338 stating that a dead body is found in between APMG yard and bye-pass road and on the basis of said report Cr. No. 398/2009 came to be registered against unknown persons u/s 302 of Indian Penal Code by Hassan Town P.S. A missing complaint lodged by sister’s daughter of deceased on 19.02.2010 before Belur P.S. and investigation was taken up by Belur P.S. and by that time they had received information from Hassan Town P.S. about a unknown dead body having been found about 2 months back and as such complainant was requested to identify the dead body of photograph and clothes found on the said dead body and same was identified by the complainant and as such a charge has been lodged against Petitioners by Hassan Town P.S. They have been apprehended and produced before jurisdictional court and they are in judicial custody from the date of their arrest. Petitioners having been unsuccessful in obtaining bail before jurisdictional Sessions Court are before this. Court praying for being enlarged on bail. 3. Heard Sri. Mohan Kumar, Learned Counsel appearing for Petitioners and Sri Raja Subrahnianya Bhat, learned HCGP appearing for Respondent State and perused the records made available to the court by learned HCGP. As referred to above case of prosecution is that deceased was coming in the way of Petitioners having illicit relationship and as such deceased was murdered by accused No. 1 and 2. A missing complaint came to be lodged by deceased sister’s daughter on 19.02.2010 before Belur Police Station and same came to be registered as UDR 42/2010 alleging that her uncle Puttaraju was missing since two months and requested Belur Town police to investigate. In the meanwhile Hassan Police had already registered a case in Crime No. 398/2009 on the basis of a report made by PC 338 stating that a dead body was lying between Hassan, bye pass road and. APMC yard. On the complaint made by sister’s daughter of deceased said Belur police directed the complainant to verify as to whether dead body that was found near APMC yard is that of the deceased Puttaraju. She is said to have come to Hassan Town Police Station and made enquiries and she was shown the photographs of the dead person and his belongings namely clothes that was on the dead body at the time dead body was found and she identified the person in photograph and body shown therein as also belongings of the deceased Puttaraju. After taking up investigation in Crime 398/2009 and recording statements of witnesses, accused persons were apprehended. It is to be noticed at this stage that Smt. Manjula who is CW-16 has given a statement that deceased Puttaraju knew about illicit relationship between accused persons and as such he had objected to the same and since he was objecting and coming in their way to have illicit relationship she expressed suspicion on accused No. 1 and 2 to have committed murder of Puttaraju. On the basis of said suspicion pointed out at the Petitioners further investigation is said to have been made and statement of Sri. Rangaswamy (CW-18) and Sri. Krishnaiah (CW-19) has been recorded. It is seen from the statement of CW-18 and 19 that these are the two persons who are said to have last seen deceased In the company of accused persons. It. is also stated therein that accused No. 1 along with deceased went inside Ullas Bar, Hassan at about 6 P.M. and accused No. 2 was waiting outside the bar on the said date namely 22.12.2009. Admittedly prosecution has not produced any material to show that any person from the said Ullas Bar has been examined. Thus reading of these two statements and also statement of CW-16 Smt. Manjula (sister’s daughter) it emerges that accused No. 1 and 2 are apprehended on basis of suspicion expressed by complainant. Perusal of the statements of CW-18 and CW-19 would reveal that there is inconsistency between these statements and only on the ground of suspicion Petitioners have been arrayed as accused No. 1 and 2. No. incriminating materials/property is seized from accused persons. Thus, it is for the prosecution to prove during trial, the guilt of accused persons. Admittedly charge sheet has been filed and already four witnesses have been examined on behalf of prosecution and Petitioners being permanent resident of Hassan District and owning properties, there is little chance of absconding from the place of their residence or obstruct trial. In these circumstances, I am of the considered view that Petitioners are entitled to be enlarged on bail. Hence petition is allowed. Petitioners are ordered to be released on bail on execution of bond for a sum of Rs. 1,00,000/- each and two sureties for the likesum and subject to following conditions: (i) Petitioners shall not leave the jurisdiction of Sessions Court without express permission and they shall appear before Sessions Court on all the dates of hearing. (ii) Petitioners shall not terroise or induce the prosecution witnesses in any manner whatsoever. (iii) If any such incident is reported prosecution is at liberty to move this Court for cancellation of bail granted. (iv) Petitioners shall appear before jurisdictional police namely Hassan. Town Police once in 15 days i.e., 15th and 30th between 10 A.M. and 5 P.M. and mark their attendance till conclusion of trial. GANAPATI AND OTHERS Vs. THE STATE OF MYSORE Once the police had filed a charge sheet in the case, the Magistrate was not at all justified in entertaining any petition filed on behalf of the private complainant and that too acting upon it. behind the back of the accused and cancelling the bail granted to the petitioners-accused. (1972) CriLJ 417 MYSORE HIGH COURT ( Before : M. Santhosh, J ) GANAPATI AND OTHERS — Appellant THE STATE OF MYSORE — Respondent Indian Penal Code, 1860 (IPC) — Sections 147, 148, 307 — Cancelling the bail granted M. Santhosh, J.—The five petitioners before this Court are accused in the court of the J. M. F. C., at Alland. A charge sheet was filed by the Police Norona against the petitioners before the said Magistrate alleging that they had committed offences under Sections 147. 148. 149. 447 and 307 I. P. C. On 28-10-1970 all these petitioners were produced before the learned Magistrate and he released all the petitioners on bail and thereafter posted the case for hearing to 9-11-1970. On 9-11-1970. all the five petitioners appeared before the court and thereafter the case, as shown in the order sheet was adjourned to 19-11-1970-Later on the very day i. e. 9-11-1970. the learned Magistrate passed the impugned order which reads as follows: Heard in open court. Perused the affidavits and records. Bail cancelled. Issue non-baillable warrant to accused. Call on 17/11. Sd/- J. M. F. C. This order dated 9-11-1970 passed by the learned Magistrate is challenged in this revision petition. 2. Sri Santhosh Hegde. the learned Counsel appearing on behalf of the petitioners has contended that it is not open to the learned Magistrate to take cognizance of any application filed by a private person and take action against the accused on the strength of it. when the charge sheet against the accused has been filed by the police. It is also pointed out that the learned Magistrate having once granted bail to the accused, cannot cancel bail, behind the back of the accused without hearing them or giving them opportunity of being heard. The accused had appeared in court on 9-11-1970 and after the case had been adjoined to 19-11-1970. the learned Magistrate subsequently on the same day on an application said to have been filed by the person who had given a complaint to the police, cancelled the order of bail without hearing the accused behind their back and issued non-baillable warrant. 3. There is force in the contention of the learned Counsel. The learned Magistrate seems to have acted in an extraordinary manner. The order sheet discloses that on 9-11-1970. the petitioners-accused who had been released on bail were present in court and the case was adjourned to 19-11-1970. Subsequently, on the same day on an application given on behalf of the complainant, the learned Magistrate without notice to the accused and behind their back passed the impugned order cancelling the bail granted to the petitioner-accused. Not only did he cancel the bail -granted to the petitioners-accused but he also issued non-baillable warrants against the accused who had appeared in court on the very same day. Another peculiar feature of this case is that though he had adjourned the case to 19-11-1970. the learned Magistrate seems to have advanced the case and posted it to 17-11-1970. the impugned order passed by the learned Magistrate cannot at all be justified. Once the police had filed a charge sheet in the case, the Magistrate was not at all justified in entertaining any petition filed on behalf of the private complainant and that too acting upon it. behind the back of the accused and cancelling the bail granted to the petitioners-accused. 4. The learned Magistrate has failed to act in judicial manner. I have therefore no hesitation in setting aside the impugned order passed by the learned Magistrate. 5. In the result, the revision petition is allowed and the impugned order dated 9-11-1970 passed by the learned Magistrate. Alland. in C. C. No. 285 of 1970 cancelling the bail granted to the petitioners-accused is set aside. Provisions for bail and bonds under Pocso Act 2012 Posted on March 4, 2019 by Advocatetanmoy in Bail Matters, Pocso Act 2012 and tagged Bail. Pocso Act 2012 S 31. Application of Code of Criminal Procedure, 1973 to proceedings before a Special Court: Save as otherwise provided in this Act, the provisions of the Code of Criminal Procedure, 1973 including the provisions as to bail and bonds shall apply to the proceedings before a Special Court and for the purposes of the said provisions, the Special Court shall be deemed to be a court of Sessions and the person conducting a prosecution before a Special Court, shall be deemed to be a Public Prosecutor. Second Schedule of the Cr.P.C shall be applicable for the purpose of Bail Cr.P.C 438. Direction for grant of bail to person apprehending arrest (1) Where any person has reason to believe that he may be arrested on accusation of having committed a non-bailable offence, he may apply to the High Court or the Court of Session for a direction under this section that in the event of such arrest he shall be released on bail; and that Court may, after taking into consideration, interalia, the following factors, namely:– (i)the nature and gravity of the accusation; (ii)the antecedents of the applicant including the fact as to whether he has previously undergone imprisonment on conviction by a Court in respect of any cognizable offence; (iii)the possibility of the applicant to flee from justice; and. (iv)where the accusation has been made with the object of injuring or humiliating the applicant by having him so arrested, either reject the application forthwith or issue an interim order for the grant of anticipatory bail: Provided that, where the High Court or, as the case may be, the Court of Session, has not passed any interim order under this sub-section or has rejected the application for grant of anticipatory bail, it shall be open to an officer in-charge of a police station to arrest, without warrant the applicant on the basis of the accusation apprehended in such application. (1A) Where the Court grants an interim order under sub-section (1), it shall forthwith cause a notice being not less than seven days notice, together with a copy of such order to be served on the Public Prosecutor and the Superintendent of Police, with a view to give the Public Prosecutor a reasonable opportunity of being heard when the application shall be finally heard by the Court, (1B) The presence of the applicant seeking anticipatory bail shall be obligatory at the time of final hearing of the application and passing of final order by the Court, if on an application made to it by the Public Prosecutor, the Court considers such presence necessary in the interest of justice. (2) When the High Court or the Court of Session makes a direction under subsection (1), it may include such conditions in such directions in the light of the facts of the particular case, as it may thinks fit, including- (i)a condition that the person shall make himself available for interrogation by a police officer as and when required; (ii)a condition that the person shall not, directly or indirectly, make any inducement, threat or promise to any person acquainted with the facts of the case so as to dissuade him from disclosing such facts to the Court or to any police officer; (iii)a condition that the person shall not leave India without the previous permission of the Court; (iv)such other condition as may be imposed under sub-section (3) of section 437, as if the bail were granted under that section. (3) If such person is thereafter arrested without warrant by an officer in charge of a police station on such accusation, and is prepared either at the time of arrest or at any time while in the custody of such officer to give bail, he shall be released on bail, and if a Magistrate taking cognizance of such offence decides that a warrant should issue in the first instance against that person, he shall issue a bailable warrant in conformity with the direction of the Court under sub-section (1). 439. Special powers of High Court or Court of Session regarding bail (1) A High Court or Court of Session may direct- (a)that any person accused of an offence and in custody be released on bail, and if the offence is of the nature specified in sub-section (3) of section 437, may impose any condition which it considers necessary for the purposes mentioned in that sub-section; (b)that any condition imposed by a Magistrate when releasing any person on bail be set aside or modified: Provided that the High Court or the Court of Session shall, before granting bail to a person who is accused of an offence which is triable exclusively by the Court of Session or which, though not so triable, is punishable with imprisonment for life, give notice of the application for bail to the Public Prosecutor unless it is, for reasons to be recorded in writing, of opinion that it is not practicable to give such notice. (2) A High Court or Court of Session may direct that any person who has been released on bail under this Chapter be arrested and commit him to custody. “II- CLASSIFICATION OF OFFENCES AGAINST OTHER LAWS Offence Cognisable or Non-Cognisable Bailable or Non-bailable By what court triable If punishable with death, imprisonment for life, or imprisonment for more than 7 years. Cognisable Non-bailable Court of Session If punishable with imprisonment for 3 years and upwards but not more than 7 years. Ditto Ditto Magistrate of the first class If punishable with imprisonment for less than 3 years or with fine only. Non-Cognisable Bailable Any Magistrate Discharge of a person arrested by police in thana level Posted on February 12, 2019 by Advocatetanmoy in Bail Matters and tagged Bail. Discharge of person apprehended No person who has been arrested by a police officer shall be discharged except on his own bond, or on bail, or under the special order of a Magistrate. Source: Cr.P.C Anticipatory bail is subject to extraordinary equitable discretion of Court Posted on December 17, 2018 by Advocatetanmoy in Bail Matters and tagged ANTICIPATORY BAIL. An order of anticipatory bail virtually converts a non bailable offence under the Code to a bailable one subject, of course, to appropriate conditions which the Court can in the interests of justice impose. The circumstances are not enumerated in detail in Section 438 of the Cr. P.C. on proof of which such extraordinary equitable discretion can be invoked. The legislature has thought it fit to leave it to the trained intuitions and informed discretion of superior Courts to identify the cases where such extraordinary equitable discretion can and ought to be invoked. Such powers are certainly there for the superior Courts. But such powers have to be invoked only sparingly and in exceptional cases in aid of justice.Continue Reading Granting bail under NDPS Act Posted on September 13, 2018 by Advocatetanmoy in Bail Matters, BOMBAY HIGH COURT JUDGMENTS, Criminal and tagged Bail, NDPS. 06-12-1989-N.D.P.S. Act is a special Act dealing with special class of crimes which is an international menace. Therefore the Legislature in its wisdom has enacted certain special provisions affecting the powers of the Trial Court in matter of granting bail. The cases are tribal by the Special Courts created u/s 36 of the Act. Although the Magistrate before whom the person accused of crime under the N.D.P.S. Act is produced, may authorise his detention for a period not exceeding 15 days, the Magistrate is, upon expiry of the aforementioned period, obliged to forward such person to the Special Court. u/s 36A(c), the Special Court may exercise, in relation to the person forwarded to it under clause (b) of that section, the same power which a Magistrate may exercise u/s 167 of the Code of Criminal Procedure. It is the Special Court who takes cognizance of the crime just as a Magistrate does in respect of other cases, under the Indian Penal Code. In other words, the Special Courts constituted under the N.D.P.S. Act perform the same functions in respect of the offences under the N.D.P.S. Act which the Magistrate performs in respect of other offences under the Indian Penal Code.Continue Reading Court should not impose excessive condition for granting bail Posted on September 12, 2018 by Advocatetanmoy in Bail Matters and tagged Bail Condition. Criminal Procedure Code, 1973 (CrPC) – Section 437 – Bail – Conditions for – Excessively onerous condition that accused should pay a huge sum of Rs. 2 lacs at stage of FIR – Accused failed to make the payment of said amount and languishing in jail endlessly – Not proper. Order passed by Metropolitan Magistrate imposing condition that accused should pay a huge sum of Rs. 2 lacs to be set at liberty, not proper. If he had paid it is a different matter. But the fact that he was not able to pay that amount and in default thereof he is to languish in jail for more than 10 months now, is sufficient indication that he was unable to make up the amount. Can he be detained in custody endlessly for his inability to pay the amount in the range of Rs. 2 lacs. If the cheques issued by his surety were dishonoured, the Court could perhaps have taken it as a ground to suggest to the payee of the cheques to resort to his legal remedies provided by law. Similarly if the Court was dissatisfied with the conduct of the surety as for his failure to raise funds for honouring the cheques issued by him, the Court could have directed the appellant to substitute him with another surety. But to keep him in prison for such a long period, that too in a case where bail would normally be granted for the offences alleged, is not only hard but improper. It must be remembered that the Court has not even come to the conclusion that the allegations made in the FIR are true. That can be decided only when the trial concludes, if the case is charge-sheeted by the police. There is no doubt that if the appellant was not in a position to abide by the conditions imposed for granting bail he should have raised his objection at that time or should have challenged the order soon after his release on bail. No doubt he should have done so at the earlier stage. But his failure to do so then cannot now be used as a bar for preventing him from approaching the Court with a prayer to release him from jail. He cannot be detained in custody for long without conviction in a case of this nature. Justice A B Singh of Jharkhand HC allowed Bail on condition of donation to Kerala Relief Fund Posted on September 1, 2018 by Advocatetanmoy in Bail Matters and tagged ANTICIPATORY BAIL, Legal news. The Jharkhand HC Advocate Association general secretary said HCs in Madhya Pradesh and Karnataka had issued similar directions to some litigants to pay costs towards the relief fund in Kerala. Bombay HC also asked one Trademark infringer to deposit Cost to Distress Fund. Under S. 167(2) of Cr.P.C accused person is entitled to be released on bail if investigation is not completed within sixty days. Posted on July 16, 2018 by Advocatetanmoy in Bail Matters and tagged Bail. The Provision is Mandatory. In Natabar Parida v. State of Orissa, AIR 1975 SC 1465, the Court explained the mandatory character of the requirement of the proviso to S. 167(2) that an accused person is entitled to be released on bail if the investigation is not completed within sixty days. The Court said: “But then the command of the Legislature in proviso(a) is that the accused person has got to be released on bail if he is prepared to and does furnish bail and cannot be kept in detention beyond the period of 60 days even if the investigation may still be proceeding. In serious offences of criminal conspiracy-murders, dacoities, robberies by inter-State gangs or the like it may not be possible for the police, in the circumstances as they do exist in the various parts of our country, to complete the investigation within the period of 60 days. Yet the intention of the Legislature seems to be to grant no discretion to the Court and to make it obligatory for it to release the accused on bail. Of course, it has been provided in proviso(a) that the accused released on bail under S. 167 will be deemed to be so released under the provisions of Chapter XXXIII and for the purposes of that Chapter. That may empower the Court releasing him on bail, if it considers necessary so to do to direct that such person be arrested and committed to custody as provided in sub-section (5) of S. 437 occurring in Chapter XXXIII. It is also clear that after the taking of the cognizance the power of remand is to be exercised under S. 309 of the new Code. But if it is not possible to complete, the investigation within a period of 60 days then even in serious and ghastly types of crimes the accused will be entitled to be released on bail. Such a law may be a “paradise for the criminals,” but surely it would not be so, as sometimes it is supposed to be because of the Courts. It would be so under the command of the Legislature.” In Bashir v. State of Harayana, (1977) 4 SCC 410, the question arose whether a person who has been released under the proviso to S. 167(2) could later be committed to custody merely because a challan was subsequently filed. The Court hold that he could not be so committed to custody. But, the bail could be cancelled under S. 437(5) if the Court came to the conclusion that there were sufficient grounds, after the filing of the challan to believe that the accused had committed a non-bailable offence and that it was necessary to arrest him and commit him to custody. The Court said: “Sub-section (2) of Section 167 and proviso(a) thereto make it clear that no Magistrate shall authorise the retention of the accused person in custody under this section for a total period exceeding sixty days. On the expiry of sixty days the accused person shall be released on bail if he is prepared to and does furnish bail. So far there is no controversy. The question arises as to what is the position of the person so released when a challan is subsequently filed by the police.” “Sub-section (5) to Section 437 is important. It provides that any Court which has released a person on bail under sub-section (1) or subsection (2), may, if it considers it necessary so to do, direct that such person be arrested and commit him to custody. As under Section 167(2) a person who has been released on the ground that he had been in custody for a period of over sixty days is deemed to be released under the provisions of Chapter XXXIII, his release should be considered as one under S. 437(1) or (2). Section 437(5) empowers the Court to direct that the person so released may be arrested if it considers it necessary to do so. The power of the Court to cancel bail if it considers it necessary is preserved in cases where a person has been released on bail under S. 437(1) or (2) and these provisions are applicable to a person who has been released under Section 167(2). Under Section 437(2) when a person is released pending inquiry on the ground that there are not sufficient grounds to believe that he has committed a non-bailable offence may be committed to custody by Court which released him on bail if it is satisfied that there are sufficient grounds for so doing after inquiry is completed. As the provisions of Section 437(1) (2) and (5) are applicable to a person who has been released under Section 167(2) the mere fact that subsequent to his release a challan has been filed, is not sufficient to commit him to custody. In this case the bail was cancelled and the appellants were ordered to be arrested and committed to custody on the ground that subsequently a charge-sheet had been filed and that before the appellants were directed to be released under Section 167(2) their bail petitions were dismissed on merits by the Sessions Court and the High Court. The fact that before an order was passed under Section 167(2) the bail petitions of the accused were dismissed on merits is not relevant for the purpose of taking action under Section 437(5). Neither is it a valid ground that subsequent to release of the appetlants a challan was filed by the police. The Court before directing the arrest of the accused and committing them to custody should consider it necessary to do so under Section 437(5). This may be done by the Court coming to the conclusion that after the challan had been filed there are sufficient grounds that the accused had committed a non-bailable offence and that it is necessary that he should be arrested and committed to custody. It may also order arrest and committal to custody on other grounds such as tampering of the evidence or that his being at large is not in the interests of justice. But it is necessary that the Court should proceed on the basis that he has been deemed to have been released under Section 437(1) and (2).” In Talab Hazi Hussain v. Mondkar, AIR 1958 SC 376 a case arising under the old Code, the Court considered the grounds on which bail might be cancelled. It was said: “There can be no more important requirement of the ends of justice than the uninterrupted progress of a fair trial; and it is for the continuance of such a fair trial that the (inherent) powers of the High Courts are sought to be invoked by the prosecution in cases where it is alleged that accused persons, either by suborning or intimidating witnesses, are obstructing the smooth progress of a fair trial. Similarly, if an accused person who is released on bail jumps bail and attempts to run to a foreign country to escape the trial, that again would be a case where the exercise of the (inherent) power would be justified in order to compel the accused to submit to a fair trial and not to escape its consequences by taking advantage of the fact that he has been released on bail and by absconding to another country. In other words, if the conduct of the accused person subsequent to his release on bail puts in jeopardy the progress of a fair trial itself and if there is no other remedy which can be effectively used against the accused person, in such a case the (inherent) power of the High Court can be legitimately invoked. In regard to non-bailable offences there is no need to invoke such power because S. 497(5) specifically deals with such cases.” The result of our discussion and the case-law in this:An order for release on bail made under the proviso to S. 167(2) is not defeated by lapse of time, the filing of the charge-sheet or by remand to custody under S. 309(2). The order for release on bail may however be cancelled under S. 437(5) or S. 439(2). Generally the grounds for cancellation of bail, broadly, are, interference or attempt to interfere with the due course of administration of justice, or evasion or attempt to evade the course of justice, or abuse of the liberty granted to him. The due administration of justice may be interfered with by intimidating or suborning witnesses, by interfering with investigation, by creating or causing disappearance of evidence etc. The course of justice may be evaded or attempted to be evaded by leaving the country or going underground or otherwise placing himself beyond the reach of the sureties. He may abuse the liberty granted to him by indulging in similar or other unlawful acts. Where bail has been granted under the proviso to S. 167(2) for the default of the prosecution in not completing the investigation in sixty days. after the defect is cured by the filing of a charge-sheet, the prosecution may seek to have the bail cancelled on the ground that there are reasonable grounds to believe that the accused has committed a non-bailable offence and that it is necessary to arrest him and commit him to custody. In the last mentioned case, one would expect very strong grounds indeed. Sanjay Chandra Versus CBI[ALL SC 2011 NOVEMBER] Posted on May 30, 2018 by Advocatetanmoy in Bail Matters and tagged Bail, CBI Cases. KEYWORDS:-BAIL In deciding BAIL applications an important factor which should certainly be taken into consideration by the court is the delay in concluding the trial. (2011) 13 SCALE 107 (SUPREME COURT OF INDIA) Sanjay Chandra Appellant CBI Respondent (Before : H.L. Dattu and G.S. Singhvi, JJ.) Criminal Appeal No. 2178 of 2011 (Arising out of SLP (Crl.) No. 5650 of 2011) : Decided On: 23-11-2011 Criminal Procedure Code, 1973—Section 439—Constitution of India—Article 21—BAIL—Provisions of Cr.P.C. confer discretionary jurisdiction on Criminal Courts to grant BAIL to accused pending trial or in appeal against convictions—Since jurisdiction is discretionary, it has to be exercised with great care and caution by balancing valuable right of liberty of an individual and interest of the society in general—BAIL is rule and committal to jail an exception. Criminal Procedure Code, 1973—Section 439—BAIL—In determining whether to grant BAIL, both seriousness of charge and severity of punishment should be taken into consideration—Grant or refusal to grant BAIL lies within discretion of Court—Grant or denial is regulated, to a large extent, by facts and circumstances of each particular case—But, right to BAIL is not to be denied merely because of sentiments of community against accused. Criminal Procedure Code, 1973—Section 439—Constitution of India—Article 21—BAIL—When the undertrial prisoners are detained in jail custody to an indefinite period, Article 21 of Constitution is violated—Every person, detained or arrested, is entitled to speedy trial—Accused are charged with economic offences of huge magnitude—However, investigating agency has already completed investigation and charge sheet is already filed before Special Judge, CBI—Their presence in custody may not be necessary for further investigation—Appellants are entitled to grant of BAIL pending trial on stringent conditions—BAIL granted. Counsel for the Parties: Harin P. Raval, ASG, Ram Jethmalani, Mukul Rohatgi, Soil J. Sorabjee, Ashok H. Desai, Sr. Advs., Ritu Bhalla, Manu Sharma, Karan Kalia, Pranav Diesh, Ananya Ghosh, Sahil Sharma, Vijay Agarwal, Saurabh Kirpal, Ninad Laud, Purnima Bhat Kak, Shally Bhasin Maheshwari, Mahesh Agarwal, Siddharth Singla, Tapesh Kumar Singh, Rajiv Nanda, Anirudh Sharma, Harsh N. Parekh, Anando Mukherjee, Padmalakshmi Nigam and Arvind Kumar Sharma, Advs. H.L. Dattu, J—Leave granted in all the Special Leave Petitions. 2. These appeals are directed against the common judgment and Order of the learned Single Judge of the High Court of Delhi, dated 23rd May 2011 in BAIL Application No. 508/2011, BAIL Application No. 509/2011 & Crl. M.A. 653/2011, BAIL Application No. 510/2011, BAIL Application No. 511/2011 and BAIL Application No. 512/2011, by which the learned Single Judge refused to grant BAIL to the accused-Appellants. These cases were argued together and submitted for decision as one case. 3. The offence alleged against each of the accused, as noticed by the Ld. Special Judge, CBI, New Delhi, who rejected BAIL applications of the Appellants, vide his order dated 20.4.2011, is extracted for easy reference: Sanjay Chandra (A7) in Crl. Appeal No. 2178 of 2011 (arising out of SLP (Crl.) No. 5650 of 2011): 6. The allegations against accused Sanjay Chandra are that he entered into criminal conspiracy with accused A. Raja, R.K. Chandolia and other accused persons during September 2009 to get UAS licence for providing telecom services to otherwise an ineligible company to get UAS licences. He, as Managing Director of M/s Unitech Wireless (Tamil Nadu) Limited, was looking after the business of telecom through 8 group companies of Unitech Limited. The first-come-first- served procedure of allocation of UAS Licences and spectrum was manipulated by the accused persons in order to benefit M/s Unitech Group Companies. The cutoff date of 25.09.2007 was decided by accused public servants of DoT primarily to allow consideration of Unitech group applications for UAS licences. The Unitech Group Companies were in business of realty and even the objects of companies were not changed to ‘telecom’ and registered as required before applying. The companies were ineligible to get the licences till the grant of UAS licences. The Unitech Group was almost last within the applicants considered for allocation of UAS licences and as per existing policy of first-come-first-served, no licence could be issued in as many as 10 to 13 circles where sufficient spectrum was not available. The Unitech companies got benefit of spectrum in as many as 10 circles over the other eligible applicants. Accused Sanjay Chandra, in conspiracy with accused public servants, was aware of the whole design of the allocation of LOIs and on behalf of the Unitech group companies was ready with the drafts of ` 1658 crores as early as 10th October, 2007. Vinod Goenka (A5) in Crl. Appeal No. 2179 of 2011 (arising out of SLP(Crl) No. 5902 of 2011): 5. The allegations against accused Vinod Goenka are that he was one of the directors of M/s Swan Telecom (P) Limited in addition to accused Shahid Usman Balwa w.e.f. 01.10.2007 and acquired majority stake on 18.10.2007 in M/s Swan Telecom (P) Limited (STPL) through DB Infrastructure (P) Limited. Accused Vinod Goenka carried forward the fraudulent applications of STPL dated 02.03.2007 submitted by previous management despite knowing the fact that STPL was ineligible company to get UAS licences by virtue of clause 8 of UASL guidelines 2005. Accused Vinod Goenka was an associate of accused Shahid Usman Balwa to create false documents including Board Minutes of M/s Giraffe Consultancy (P) Limited fraudulently showing transfer of its shares by the companies of Reliance ADA Group during February 2007 itself. Accused/applicant in conspiracy with accused Shahid Usman Balwa concealed or furnished false information to DoT regarding shareholding pattern of STPL as on the date of application thereby making STPL an eligible company to get licence on the date of application, that is, 02.03.2007. Accused/applicant was an overall beneficiary with accused Shahid Usman Balwa for getting licence and spectrum in 13 telecom circles. 12. Investigation has also disclosed pursuant to TRAI recommendations dated 28.08.2007 when M/s Reliance Communications Ltd. got the GSM spectrum under the Dual Technology policy, accused Gautam Doshi, Hari Nair and Surendra Pipara transferred the control of M/s Swan Telecom Pvt. Ltd., and said structure of holding companies, to accused Shahid Balwa and Vinod Goenka. In this manner they transferred a company which was otherwise ineligible for grant of UAS license on the date of application, to the said two accused persons belonging to Dynamix Balwa (DB) group and thereby facilitated them to cheat the DoT by getting issued UAS Licences despite the ineligibility on the date of application and till 18.10.2007. 13. Investigation has disclosed that accused Shahid Balwa and Vinod Goenka joined M/s Swan Telecom Pvt. Ltd. and M/s Tiger Traders Pvt. Ltd. as directors on 01.10.2007 and DB group acquired the majority stake in TTPL/ M/s Swan Telecom Pvt. Ltd. (STPL) on 18.10.2007. On 18.10.2007 a fresh equity of 49.90 lakh shares was allotted to M/s DB Infrastructure Pvt. Ltd. Therefore on 01.10.2007, and thereafter, accused Shahid Balwa and Vinod Goenka were incharge of, and were responsible to, the company M/s Swan Telecom Pvt. Ltd. for the conduct of business. As such on this date, majority shares of the company were held by D.B. Group. Gautam Doshi (A9), Surendra Pipara (A10) and Hari Nair (A 11) in Crl. Appeal Nos. 2180,2182 & 2181 of 2011 (arising out of SLP (Crl) Nos. 6190,6315 & 6288 of 2011): 7. It is further alleged that in January-February, 2007 accused Gautam Doshi, Surendra Pipara and Hari Nath in furtherance of their common intention to cheat the Department of Telecommunications, structured/created net worth of M/s Swan Telecom Pvt. Ltd., out of funds arranged from M/s Reliance Telecom Ltd. or its associates, for applying to DoT for UAS Licences in 13 circles, where M/s Reliance Telecom Ltd. had no GSM spectrum, in a manner that its associations with M/s Reliance Telecom Ltd. may not be detected, so that DOT could not reject its application on the basis of Clause 8 of the UASL Guidelines dated 14.12.2005. 8. In pursuance of the said common intention of accused persons, they structured the stake-holding of M/s Swan Telecom Pvt. Ltd. in a manner that only 9.9% equity was held by M/s Reliance Telecom Ltd. (RTL) and rest 90.1% was shown as held by M/s Tiger Traders Pvt. Ltd. (later known as M/s Tiger Trustees Pvt. Ltd. – TTPL), although the entire company was held by the Reliance ADA Group of companies through the funds raised from M/s Reliance Telecom Ltd. etc. 9. It was further alleged that M/s Swan Telecom Pvt. Ltd. (STPL) was, at the time of application dated 02.03.2007, an associate of M/s Reliance ADA Group / M/s Reliance Communications Limited / M/s Reliance Telecom Limited, having existing UAS Licences in all telecom circles. Investigations have also disclosed that M/s Tiger Traders Pvt. Ltd., which held majority stake (more than 90%) in M/s Swan Telecom Pvt. Ltd. (STPL), was also an associate company of Reliance ADA Group. Both the companies has not business history and were activated solely for the purpose of applying for UAS Licences in 13 telecom circles, where M/s Reliance Telecom Ltd. did not have GSM spectrum and M/s Reliance Communications Ltd. had already applied for dual technology spectrum for these circles. Investigation has disclosed that the day to day affairs of M/s Swan Telecom Pvt. Ltd. and M/s Tiger Traders Pvt. Ltd. were managed by the said three accused persons either themselves or through other officers/consultants related to the Reliance ADA group. Commercial decisions of M/s Swan Telecom Pvt. Ltd. and M/s Tiger Traders Pvt. Ltd. were also taken by these accused persons of Reliance ADA group. Material inter-company transactions (bank transactions) of M/s Reliance Communications / M/s Reliance Telecommunications Ltd. and M/s Swan Telecom Pvt. Ltd. (STPL) and M/s Tiger Traders Pvt. Ltd. were carried out by same group of persons as per the instructions of said accused Gautam Doshi and Hari Nair. 10. Investigations about the holding structure of M/s Tiger Traders Pvt. Ltd. has revealed that the aforesaid accused persons also structured two other companies i.e. M/s Zebra Consultancy Private Limited & M/s Parrot Consultants Private Limited. Till April, 2007, by when M/s Swan Telecom Pvt. Ltd. applied for telecom licences, 50% shares of M/s Zebra Consultancy Private Limited & M/s Parrot Consultants Private Limited, were purchased by M/s Tiger Traders Pvt. Ltd. Similarly, 50% of equity shares of M/s Parrot Consultants Private Limited & M/s Tiger Traders Private Limited were purchased by M/s Zebra Consultancy Private Limited. Also, 50% of equity shares of M/s Zebra Consultancy Private Limited and M/s Tiger Traders Private Limited were purchased by M/s Parrot Consultants Private Limited. These 3 companies were, therefore, cross holding each other in an interlocking structure w.e.f. March 2006 till 4th April, 2007. 11. It is further alleged that accused Gautam Doshi, Surendra Pipara and Hari Nair instead of withdrawing the fraudulent applications preferred in the name of M/s Swan Telecom (P) Limited, which was not eligible at all, allowed the transfer of control of that company to the Dynamix Balwa Group and thus, enabled perpetuating and (sic.) illegality. It is alleged that TRAI in its recommendations dated 28.08.2007 recommended the use of dual technology by UAS Licencees. Due to this reason M/s Reliance Communications Limited, holding company of M/s Reliance Telecom Limited, became eligible to get GSM spectrum in telecom circles for which STPL had applied. Consequently, having management control of STPL was of no use for the applicant/accused persons and M/s Reliance Telecom Limited. Moreover, the transfer of management of STPL to DB Group and sale of equity held by it to M/s Delphi Investments (P) Limited, Mauritius, M/s Reliance Telecom Limited has earned a profit of around ` 10 crores which otherwise was not possible if they had withdrawn the applications. M/s Reliance Communications Limited also entered into agreement with M/s Swan Telecom (P) Limited for sharing its telecom infrastructure. It is further alleged that the three accused persons facilitated the new management of M/s Swan Telecom (P) Limited to get UAS licences on the basis of applications filed by the former management. It is further alleged that M/s Swan Telecom (P) Limited on the date of application, that is, 02.03.2007 was an associate company of Reliance ADA group, that is, M/s Reliance Communications Limited/ M/s Reliance Telecom Limited and therefore, ineligible for UAS licences. 4. The Special Judge, CBI, New Delhi, rejected BAIL Applications filed by the Appellants by his order dated 20.04.2011. The Appellants moved the High Court by filing applications under Section 439 of the Code of Criminal Procedure (in short, “Code of Criminal Procedure”). The same came to be rejected by the learned Single Judge by his order dated 23.05.2011. Aggrieved by the same, the Appellants are before us in these appeals. 5. Shri. Ram Jethmalani, Shri. Mukul Rohatgi, Shri Soli J. Sorabjee and Shri. Ashok H. Desai, learned senior counsel appeared for the Appellants and Shri. Harin P. Raval, learned Additional Solicitor General, appears for the Respondent-CBI. 6. Shri. Ram Jethmalani, learned senior counsel appearing for the Appellant Sanjay Chandra, would urge that the impugned judgment has not appreciated the basic rule laid down by this Court that grant of BAIL is the rule and its denial is the exception. Shri. Jethmalani submitted that if there is any apprehension of the accused of absconding from trial or tampering with the witnesses, then it is justified for the Court to deny BAIL. The learned senior counsel would submit that the accused has cooperated with the investigation throughout and that his behavior has been exemplary. He would further submit that the Appellant was not arrested during the investigation, as there was no threat from him of tampering with the witnesses. He would submit that the personal liberty is at a very high pedestal in our Constitutional system, and the same cannot be meddled with in a causal manner. He would assail the impugned judgment stating that the Ld. Judge did not apply his mind, and give adequate reasons before rejecting BAIL, as is required by the legal norms set down by this Court. Shri. Jethmalani further contends that it was only after the Appellants appeared in the Court in pursuance of summons issued, they were made to apply for BAIL, and, thereafter, denied BAIL and sent to custody. The learned senior counsel states that the trial Judge does not have the power to send a person, who he has summoned in pursuance of Section 87 Code of Criminal Procedure to judicial custody. The only power that the trial Judge had, he would contend, was to ask for a bond as provided for in Section 88 Code of Criminal Procedure. to ensure his appearance. Shri. Jethmalani submits that when a person appeared in pursuance of a bond, he was a free man, and such a free man cannot be committed to prison by making him to apply for BAIL and thereafter, denying him the same. Shri. Jethmalani further submits that if it was the intention of the Legislature to make a person, who appears in pursuance of summons to apply for BAIL, it would have been so legislated in Section 88 Code of Criminal Procedure. The learned senior counsel assailed the judgment of the Delhi High Court in the ‘Court on its own motion v. CBI’ 2004 (I) JCC 308, by which the High Court gave directions to Criminal Courts to call upon the accused who is summoned to appear to apply for BAIL, and then decide on the merits of the BAIL application. He would state that the High Court has ignored even the CBI Manual before issuing these directions, which provided for BAIL to be granted to the accused, except in the event of there being commission of heinous crime. The learned senior counsel would also argue that it was an error to have a “rolled up charge”, as recognized by the Griffiths’ case (R. v. Griffiths and Ors. (1966) 1 Q.B. 589). Shri.Jethmalani submitted that there is not even a prima facie case against the accused and would make references to the charge sheet and the statement of several witnesses. He would emphatically submit that none of the ingredients of the offences charged with were stated in the charge sheet. He would further contend that even if, there is a prima facie case, the rule is still BAIL, and not jail, as per the dicta of this Court in several cases. 7. Shri. Mukul Rohatgi, learned senior counsel appearing for the Appellant Vinod Goenka, while adopting the arguments of Shri. Jethmalani, would further supplement by arguing that the Ld. Trial Judge erred in making the persons, who appeared in pursuance of the summons, apply for BAIL and then denying the same, and ordering for remand in judicial custody. Shri. Rohatgi would further contend that the gravity of the offence charged with, is to be determined by the maximum sentence prescribed by the Statute and not by any other standard or measure. In other words, the learned senior counsel would submit that the alleged amount involved in the so-called Scam is not the determining factor of the gravity of the offence, but the maximum punishment prescribed for the offence. He would state that the only bar for BAIL pending trial in Section 437 is for those persons who are charged with offences punishable with life or death, and there is no such bar for those persons who were charged with offences with maximum punishment of seven years. Shri. Rohatgi also cited some case laws. 8. Shri. Ashok H. Desai, learned senior counsel appearing for the Appellants Hari Nair and Surendra Pipara, adopted the principal arguments of Shri.Jethmalani. In addition, Shri. Desai would submit that a citizen of this country, who is charged with a criminal offence, has the right to be enlarged on BAIL. Unless there is a clear necessity for deprivation of his liberty, a person should not be remanded to judicial custody. Shri. Desai would submit that the Court should bear in mind that such custody is not punitive in nature, but preventive, and must be opted only when the charges are serious. Shri. Desai would further submit that the power of the High Court and this Court is not limited by the operation of Section 437. He would further contend that Surendra Pipara deserves to be released on BAIL in view of his serious health conditions. 9. Shri. Soli J. Sorabjee, learned senior counsel appearing for Gautam Doshi, adopted the principal arguments of Shri. Jethmalani. Shri. Sorabjee would assail the finding of the Learned Judge of the High Court in the impugned judgment that the mere fact that the accused were not arrested during the investigation was proof of their influence in the society, and hence, there was a reasonable apprehension that they would tamper with the evidence if enlarged on BAIL. Shri. Sorabjee would submit that if this reasoning is to be accepted, then BAIL is to be denied in each and every criminal case that comes before the Court. The learned senior counsel also highlighted that the accused had no criminal antecedents. 10. Shri. Haren P. Raval, the learned Additional Solicitor General, in his reply, would submit that the offences that are being charged, are of the nature that the economic fabric of the country is brought at stake. Further, the learned ASG would state that the quantum of punishment could not be the only determinative factor for the magnitude of an offence. He would state that one of the relevant considerations for the grant of BAIL is the interest of the society at large as opposed to the personal liberty of the accused, and that the Court must not lose sight of the former. He would submit that in the changing circumstances and scenario, it was in the interest of the society for the Court to decline BAIL to the Appellants. Shri. Raval would further urge that consistency is the norm of this Court and that there was no reason or change in circumstance as to why this Court should take a different view from the order of 20th June 2011 in Sharad Kumar Etc. v. Central Bureau of Investigation (in SLP (Crl) No. 4584-4585 of 2011) rejecting BAIL to some of the co-accused in the same case. Shri. Raval would further state that the investigation in these cases is monitored by this Court and the trial is proceeding on a day-to-day basis and that there is absolutely no delay on behalf of the prosecuting agency in completing the trial. Further, he would submit that the Appellants, having cooperated with the investigation, is no ground for grant of BAIL, as they were expected to cooperate with the investigation as provided by the law. He would further submit that the test to enlarge an accused on BAIL is whether there is a reasonable apprehension of tampering with the evidence, and that there is an apprehension of threat to some of the witnesses. The learned ASG would further submit that there is more reason now for the accused not to be enlarged on BAIL, as they now have the knowledge of the identity of the witnesses, who are the employees of the accused, and there is an apprehension that the witnesses may be tampered with. The learned ASG would state that Section 437 of the Code of Criminal Procedure. uses the word “appears”, and, therefore, that the argument of the learned senior counsel for the Appellants that the power of the trial Judge with regard to a person summoned under Section 87 is controlled by Section 88 is incorrect. Shri. Raval also made references to the United Nations Convention on Corruption and the Report on the Reforms in the Criminal Justice System by Justice Malimath, which, we do not think, is necessary to go into. The learned ASG also relied on a few decisions of this Court, and the same will be dealt with in the course of the judgment. On a query from the Bench, the learned ASG would submit that in his opinion, BAIL should be denied in all cases of corruption which pose a threat to the economic fabric of the country, and that the balance should tilt in favour of the public interest. 11. In his reply, Shri. Jethmalani would submit that as the presumption of innocence is the privilege of every accused, there is also a presumption that the Appellants would not tamper with the witnesses if they are enlarged on BAIL, especially in the facts of the case, where the Appellants have cooperated with the investigation. In recapitulating his submissions, the learned senior counsel contended that there are two principles for the grant of BAIL – firstly, if there is no prima facie case, and secondly, even if there is a prima facie case, if there is no reasonable apprehension of tampering with the witnesses or evidence or absconding from the trial, the accused are entitled to grant of BAIL pending trial. He would submit that since both the conditions are satisfied in this case, the Appellants should be granted BAIL. 12. Let us first deal with a minor issue canvassed by Mr. Raval, learned ASG. It is submitted that this Court has refused to entertain the Special Leave Petition filed by one of the co-accused (Sharad Kumar v. CBI (supra)) and, therefore, there is no reason or change in the circumstance to take a different view in the case of the Appellants who are also charge-sheeted for the same offence. We are not impressed by this argument. In the aforesaid petition, the Petitioner was before this Court before framing of charges by the Trial Court. Now the charges are framed and the trial has commenced. We cannot compare the earlier and the present proceedings and conclude that there are no changed circumstances and reject these petitions. 13. The Appellants are facing trial in respect of the offences under Sections 420-B, 468, 471 and 109 of Indian Penal Code and Section 13(2) read with 13(i)(d) of Prevention of Corruption Act, 1988. BAIL has been refused first by the Special Judge, CBI, New Delhi and subsequently, by the High Court. Both the courts have listed the factors, on which they think, are relevant for refusing the BAIL applications filed by the applicants as seriousness of the charge; the nature of the evidence in support of the charge; the likely sentence to be imposed upon conviction; the possibility of interference with witnesses; the objection of the prosecuting authorities; possibility of absconding from justice. 14. In BAIL applications, generally, it has been laid down from the earliest times that the object of BAIL is to secure the appearance of the accused person at his trial by reasonable amount of BAIL. The object of BAIL is neither punitive nor preventative. Deprivation of liberty must be considered a punishment, unless it can be required to ensure that an accused person will stand his trial when called upon. The courts owe more than verbal respect to the principle that punishment begins after conviction, and that every man is deemed to be innocent until duly tried and duly found guilty. From the earliest times, it was appreciated that detention in custody pending completion of trial could be a cause of great hardship. From time to time, necessity demands that some un-convicted persons should be held in custody pending trial to secure their attendance at the trial but in such cases, ‘necessity’ is the operative test. In this country, it would be quite contrary to the concept of personal liberty enshrined in the Constitution that any person should be punished in respect of any matter, upon which, he has not been convicted or that in any circumstances, he should be deprived of his liberty upon only the belief that he will tamper with the witnesses if left at liberty, save in the most extraordinary circumstances. Apart from the question of prevention being the object of a refusal of BAIL, one must not lose sight of the fact that any imprisonment before conviction has a substantial punitive content and it would be improper for any Court to refuse BAIL as a mark of disapproval of former conduct whether the accused has been convicted for it or not or to refuse BAIL to an un-convicted person for the purpose of giving him a taste of imprisonment as a lesson. 15. In the instant case, as we have already noticed that the “pointing finger of accusation” against the Appellants is ‘the seriousness of the charge’. The offences alleged are economic offences which has resulted in loss to the State exchequer. Though, they contend that there is possibility of the Appellants tampering witnesses, they have not placed any material in support of the allegation. In our view, seriousness of the charge is, no doubt, one of the relevant considerations while considering BAIL applications but that is not the only test or the factor: The other factor that also requires to be taken note of is the punishment that could be imposed after trial and conviction, both under the Indian Penal Code and Prevention of Corruption Act. Otherwise, if the former is the only test, we would not be balancing the Constitutional Rights but rather “recalibration of the scales of justice.” The provisions of Code of Criminal Procedure. confer discretionary jurisdiction on Criminal Courts to grant BAIL to accused pending trial or in appeal against convictions, since the jurisdiction is discretionary, it has to be exercised with great care and caution by balancing valuable right of liberty of an individual and the interest of the society in general. In our view, the reasoning adopted by the learned District Judge, which is affirmed by the High Court, in our opinion, a denial of the whole basis of our system of law and normal rule of BAIL system. It transcends respect for the requirement that a man shall be considered innocent until he is found guilty. If such power is recognized, then it may lead to chaotic situation and would jeopardize the personal liberty of an individual. This Court, in Kalyan Chandra Sarkar v. Rajesh Ranjan, (2005) 2 SCC 42, observed that “under the criminal laws of this country, a person accused of offences which are non-BAILable, is liable to be detained in custody during the pendency of trial unless he is enlarged on BAIL in accordance with law. Such detention cannot be questioned as being violative of Article 21 of the Constitution, since the same is authorized by law. But even persons accused of non- BAILable offences are entitled to BAIL if the Court concerned comes to the conclusion that the prosecution has failed to establish a prima facie case against him and/or if the Court is satisfied by reasons to be recorded that in spite of the existence of prima facie case, there is need to release such accused on BAIL, where fact situations require it to do so.” 16. This Court, time and again, has stated that BAIL is the rule and committal to jail an exception. It is also observed that refusal of BAIL is a restriction on the personal liberty of the individual guaranteed under Article 21 of the Constitution. In the case of State of Rajasthan v. Balchand, (1977) 4 SCC 308, this Court opined: 2. The basic rule may perhaps be tersely put as BAIL, not jail, except where there are circumstances suggestive of fleeing from justice or thwarting the course of justice or creating other troubles in the shape of repeating offences or intimidating witnesses and the like, by the Petitioner who seeks enlargement on BAIL from the Court. We do not intend to be exhaustive but only illustrative. 3. It is true that the gravity of the offence involved is likely to induce the Petitioner to avoid the course of justice and must weigh with us when considering the question of jail. So also the heinousness of the crime. Even so, the record of the Petitioner in this case is that, while he has been on BAIL throughout in the trial court and he was released after the judgment of the High Court, there is nothing to suggest that he has abused the trust placed in him by the court; his social circumstances also are not so unfavourable in the sense of his being a desperate character or unsocial element who is likely to betray the confidence that the court may place in him to turn up to take justice at the hands of the court. He is stated to be a young man of 27 years with a family to maintain. The circumstances and the social milieu do not militate against the Petitioner being granted BAIL at this stage. At the same time any possibility of the absconsion or evasion or other abuse can be taken care of by a direction that the Petitioner will report himself before the police station at Baren once every fortnight. 17. In the case of Gudikanti Narasimhulu v. Public Prosecutor, (1978) 1 SCC 240, V.R. Krishna Iyer, J., sitting as Chamber Judge, enunciated the principles of BAIL thus: 3. What, then, is “judicial discretion” in this BAIL context In the elegant words of Benjamin Cardozo: The Judge, even when he is free, is still not wholly free. He is not to innovate at pleasure. He is not a knight-errant roaming at will in pursuit of his own ideal of beauty or of goodness. He is to draw his inspiration from consecrated principles. He is not to yield to spasmodic sentiment, to vague and unregulated benevolence. He is to exercise a discretion informed by tradition, methodized by analogy, disciplined by system, and subordinated to “the primordial necessity of order in the social life”. Wide enough in all conscience is the field of discretion that remains. Even so it is useful to notice the tart terms of Lord Camden that the discretion of a Judge is the law of tyrants: it is always unknown, it is different in different men; it is casual, and depends upon constitution, temper and passion. In the best, it is oftentimes caprice; in the worst, it is every vice, folly and passion to which human nature is liable… Perhaps, this is an overly simplistic statement and we must remember the constitutional focus in Articles 21 and 19 before following diffuse observations and practices in the English system. Even in England there is a growing awareness that the working of the BAIL system requires a second look from the point of view of correct legal criteria and sound principles, as has been pointed out by Dr Bottomley. 6. Let us have a glance at the pros and cons and the true principle around which other relevant factors must revolve. When the case is finally disposed of and a person is sentenced to incarceration, things stand on a different footing. We are concerned with the penultimate stage and the principal rule to guide release on BAIL should be to secure the presence of the applicant who seeks to be liberated, to take judgment and serve sentence in the event of the Court punishing him with imprisonment. In this perspective, relevance of considerations is regulated by their nexus with the likely absence of the applicant for fear of a severe sentence, if such be plausible in the case. As Erle. J. indicated, when the crime charged (of which a conviction has been sustained) is of the highest magnitude and the punishment of it assigned by law is of extreme severity, the Court may reasonably presume, some evidence warranting, that no amount of BAIL would secure the presence of the convict at the stage of judgment, should he be enlarged. Lord Campbell, C.J. concurred in this approach in that case and Coleridge J. set down the order of priorities as follows: I do not think that an accused party is detained in custody because of his guilt, but because there are sufficient probable grounds for the charge against him as to make it proper that he should be tried, and because the detention is necessary to ensure his appearance at trial. It is a very important element in considering whether the party, if admitted to BAIL, would appear to take his trial; and I think that in coming to a determination on that point three elements will generally be found the most important: the charge, the nature of the evidence by which it is supported, and the punishment to which the party would be liable if convicted. In the present case, the charge is that of wilful murder; the evidence contains an admission by the prisoners of the truth of the charge, and the punishment of the offence is, by law, death. 7. It is thus obvious that the nature of the charge is the vital factor and the nature of the evidence also is pertinent. The punishment to which the party may be liable, if convicted or conviction is confirmed, also bears upon the issue. 8. Another relevant factor is as to whether the course of justice would be thwarted by him who seeks the benignant jurisdiction of the Court to be freed for the time being. 9. Thus the legal principles and practice validate the Court considering the likelihood of the applicant interfering with witnesses for the prosecution or otherwise polluting the process of justice. It is not only traditional but rational, in this context, to enquire into the antecedents of a man who is applying for BAIL to find whether he has a bad record – particularly a record which suggests that he is likely to commit serious offences while on BAIL. In regard to habituals, it is part of criminological history that a thoughtless BAIL order has enabled the BAILee to exploit the opportunity to inflict further crimes on the members of society. BAIL discretion, on the basis of evidence about the criminal record of a Defendant is therefore not an exercise in irrelevance. 13. Viewed from this perspective, we gain a better insight into the rules of the game. When a person, charged with a grave offence, has been acquitted at a stage, has the intermediate acquittal pertinence to a BAIL plea when the appeal before this Court pends Yes, it has. The panic which might prompt the accused to jump the gauntlet of justice is less, having enjoyed the confidence of the Court’s verdict once. Concurrent holdings of guilt have the opposite effect. Again, the ground for denial of provisional release becomes weaker when the fact stares us in the face that a fair finding – if that be so – of innocence has been recorded by one Court. It may not be conclusive, for the judgment of acquittal may be ex facie wrong, the likelihood of desperate reprisal, if enlarged, may be a deterrent and his own safety may be more in prison than in the vengeful village where feuds have provoked the violent offence. It depends. Antecedents of the man and socio- geographical circumstances have a bearing only from this angle. Police exaggerations of prospective misconduct of the accused, if enlarged, must be soberly sized up lest danger of excesses and injustice creep subtly into the discretionary curial technique. Bad record and police prediction of criminal prospects to invalidate the BAIL plea are admissible in principle but shall not stampede the Court into a complacent refusal. 18. In Gurcharan Singh v. State (Delhi Admn.), (1978) 1 SCC 118, this Court took the view: 22. In other non-BAILable cases the Court will exercise its judicial discretion in favour of granting BAIL subject to sub- section (3) of Section 437 Code of Criminal Procedure if it deems necessary to act under it. Unless exceptional circumstances are brought to the notice of the Court which may defeat proper investigation and a fair trial, the Court will not decline to grant BAIL to a person who is not accused of an offence punishable with death or imprisonment for life. It is also clear that when an accused is brought before the Court of a Magistrate with the allegation against him of an offence punishable with death or imprisonment for life, he has ordinarily no option in the matter but to refuse BAIL subject, however, to the first proviso to Section 437(1) Code of Criminal Procedure and in a case where the Magistrate entertains a reasonable belief on the materials that the accused has not been guilty of such an offence. This will, however, be an extraordinary occasion since there will be some materials at the stage of initial arrest, for the accusation or for strong suspicion of commission by the person of such an offence. 24. Section 439(1) Code of Criminal Procedure of the new Code, on the other hand, confers special powers on the High Court or the Court of Session in respect of BAIL. Unlike under Section 437(1) there is no ban imposed under Section 439(1), Code of Criminal Procedure against granting of BAIL by the High Court or the Court of Session to persons accused of an offence punishable with death or imprisonment for life. It is, however, legitimate to suppose that the High Court or the Court of Session will be approached by an accused only after he has failed before the Magistrate and after the investigation has progressed throwing light on the evidence and circumstances implicating the accused. Even so, the High Court or the Court of Session will have to exercise its judicial discretion in considering the question of granting of BAIL under Section 439(1) Code of Criminal Procedure of the new Code. The overriding considerations in granting BAIL to which we adverted to earlier and which are common both in the case of Section 437(1) and Section 439(1) Code of Criminal Procedure of the new Code are the nature and gravity of the circumstances in which the offence is committed; the position and the status of the accused with reference to the victim and the witnesses; the likelihood, of the accused fleeing from justice; of repeating the offence; of jeopardising his own life being faced with a grim prospect of possible conviction in the case; of tampering with witnesses; the history of the case as well as of its investigation and other relevant grounds which, in view of so many valuable factors, cannot be exhaustively set out. 19. In Babu Singh v. State of U.P., (1978) 1 SCC 579, this Court opined: 8. The Code is cryptic on this topic and the Court prefers to be tacit, be the order custodial or not. and yet, the issue is one of liberty, justice, public safety and burden on the public treasury, all of which insist that a developed jurisprudence of BAIL is integral to a socially sensitized judicial process. As Chamber Judge in this summit Court I had to deal with this uncanalised case-flow, ad hoc response to the docket being the flickering candle light. So it is desirable that the subject is disposed of on basic principle, not improvised brevity draped as discretion. Personal liberty, deprived when BAIL is refused, is too precious a value of our constitutional system recognised under Article 21 that the curial power to negate it is a great trust exercisable, not casually but judicially, with lively concern for the cost to the individual and the community. To glamorise impressionistic orders as discretionary may, on occasions, make a litigative gamble decisive of a fundamental right. After all, personal liberty of an accused or convict is fundamental, suffering lawful eclipse only in terms of “procedure established by law”. The last four words of Article 21 are the life of that human right. 16. Thus the legal principle and practice validate the Court considering the likelihood of the applicant interfering with witnesses for the prosecution or otherwise polluting the process of justice. It is not only traditional but rational, in this context, to enquire into the antecedents of a man who is applying for BAIL to find whether he has a bad record-particularly a record which suggests that he is likely to commit serious offences while on BAIL. In regard to habituals, it is part of criminological history that a thoughtless BAIL order has enabled the BAILee to exploit the opportunity to inflict further crimes on the members of society. BAIL discretion, on the basis of evidence about the criminal record of a Defendant, is therefore not an exercise in irrelevance. 17. The significance and sweep of Article 21 make the deprivation of liberty a matter of grave concern and permissible only when the law authorising it is reasonable, even-handed and geared to the goals of community good and State necessity spelt out in Article 19. Indeed, the considerations I have set out as criteria are germane to the constitutional proposition I have deduced. Reasonableness postulates intelligent care and predicates that deprivation of freedom by refusal of BAIL is not for punitive purpose but for the bi-focal interests of justice-to the individual involved and society affected. 18. We must weigh the contrary factors to answer the test of reasonableness, subject to the need for securing the presence of the BAIL applicant. It makes sense to assume that a man on BAIL has a better chance to prepare or present his case than one remanded in custody. and if public justice is to be promoted, mechanical detention should be demoted. In the United States, which has a constitutional perspective close to ours, the function of BAIL is limited, “community roots” of the applicant are stressed and, after the Vera Foundation’s Manhattan BAIL Project, monetary suretyship is losing ground. The considerable public expense in keeping in custody where no danger of disappearance or disturbance can arise, is not a negligible consideration. Equally important is the deplorable condition, verging on the inhuman, of our sub-jails, that the unrewarding cruelty and expensive custody of avoidable incarceration makes refusal of BAIL unreasonable and a policy favouring release justly sensible. 20. Viewed from this perspective, we gain a better insight into the rules of the game. When a person, charged with a grave offence, has been acquitted at a stage, has the intermediate acquittal pertinence to a BAIL plea when the appeal before this Court pends Yes, it has. The panic which might prompt the accused to jump the gauntlet of justice is less, having enjoyed the confidence of the Court’s verdict once. Concurrent holdings of guilt have the opposite effect. Again, the ground for denial of provisional release becomes weaker when the fact stares us in the face that a fair finding – if that be so – of innocence has been recorded by one Court. It may be conclusive, for the judgment of acquittal may be ex facie wrong, the likelihood of desperate reprisal, it enlarged, may be a deterrent and his own safety may be more in prison than in the vengeful village where feuds have provoked the violent offence. It depends. Antecedents of the man and socio-geographical circumstances have a bearing only from this angle. Police exaggerations of prospective misconduct of the accused, if enlarged, must be soberly sized up lest danger of excesses and injustice creep subtly into the discretionary curial technique. Bad record and police prediction of criminal prospects to invalidate the BAIL plea are admissible in principle but shall not stampede the Court into a complacent refusal. 20. In Moti Ram v. State of M.P., (1978) 4 SCC 47, this Court, while discussing pre-trial detention, held: 14. The consequences of pre-trial detention are grave. Defendants presumed innocent arc subjected to the psychological and physical deprivations of jail life, usually under more onerous conditions than are imposed on convicted Defendants. The jailed Defendant loses his job if he has one and is prevented from contributing to the preparation of his defence. Equally important, the burden of his detention frequently falls heavily on the innocent members of his family. 21. The concept and philosophy of BAIL was discussed by this Court in Vaman Narain Ghiya v. State of Rajasthan, (2009) 2 SCC 281, thus: 6. “BAIL” remains an undefined term in Code of Criminal Procedure. Nowhere else has the term been statutorily defined. Conceptually, it continues to be understood as a right for assertion of freedom against the State imposing restraints. Since the UN Declaration of Human Rights of 1948, to which India is a signatory, the concept of BAIL has found a place within the scope of human rights. The dictionary meaning of the expression “BAIL” denotes a security for appearance of a prisoner for his release. Etymologically, the word is derived from an old French verb “BAILer” which means to “give” or “to deliver”, although another view is that its derivation is from the Latin term “baiulare”, meaning “to bear a burden”. BAIL is a conditional liberty. Stroud’s Judicial Dictionary (4th Edn., 1971) spells out certain other details. It states: …when a man is taken or arrested for felony, suspicion of felony, indicted of felony, or any such case, so that he is restrained of his liberty. And, being by law BAILable, offereth surety to those which have authority to BAIL him, which sureties are bound for him to the King’s use in a certain sums of money, or body for body, that he shall appear before the justices of goal delivery at the next sessions, etc. Then upon the bonds of these sureties, as is aforesaid, he is BAILed-that is to say, set at liberty until the day appointed for his appearance. BAIL may thus be regarded as a mechanism whereby the State devolutes upon the community the function of securing the presence of the prisoners, and at the same time involves participation of the community in administration of justice. 7. Personal liberty is fundamental and can be circumscribed only by some process sanctioned by law. Liberty of a citizen is undoubtedly important but this is to balance with the security of the community. A balance is required to be maintained between the personal liberty of the accused and the investigational right of the police. It must result in minimum interference with the personal liberty of the accused and the right of the police to investigate the case. It has to dovetail two conflicting demands, namely, on the one hand the requirements of the society for being shielded from the hazards of being exposed to the misadventures of a person alleged to have committed a crime; and on the other, the fundamental canon of criminal jurisprudence viz. the presumption of innocence of an accused till he is found guilty. Liberty exists in proportion to wholesome restraint, the more restraint on others to keep off from us, the more liberty we have. (See A.K. Gopalan v. State of Madras) 8. The law of BAIL, like any other branch of law, has its own philosophy, and occupies an important place in the administration of justice and the concept of BAIL emerges from the conflict between the police power to restrict liberty of a man who is alleged to have committed a crime, and presumption of innocence in favour of the alleged criminal. An accused is not detained in custody with the object of punishing him on the assumption of his guilt. 22. More recently, in the case of Siddharam Satlingappa Mhetre v. State of Maharashtra, (2011) 1 SCC 694, this Court observed that “(j)ust as liberty is precious to an individual, so is the society’s interest in maintenance of peace, law and order. Both are equally important.” This Court further observed: 116. Personal liberty is a very precious fundamental right and it should be curtailed only when it becomes imperative according to the peculiar facts and circumstances of the case. This Court has taken the view that when there is a delay in the trial, BAIL should be granted to the accused (See Babba v. State of Maharashtra (2005) 11 SCC 569, Vivek Kumar v. State of U.P., (2000) 9 SCC 443, Mahesh Kumar Bhawsinghka v. State of Delhi (2000) 9 SCC 383). 23. The principles, which the Court must consider while granting or declining BAIL, have been culled out by this Court in the case of Prahlad Singh Bhati v. NCT, Delhi, (2001) 4 SCC 280, thus: The jurisdiction to grant BAIL has to be exercised on the basis of well-settled principles having regard to the circumstances of each case and not in an arbitrary manner. While granting the BAIL, the court has to keep in mind the nature of accusations, the nature of the evidence in support thereof, the severity of the punishment which conviction will entail, the character, behaviour, means and standing of the accused, circumstances which are peculiar to the accused, reasonable possibility of securing the presence of the accused at the trial, reasonable apprehension of the witnesses being tampered with, the larger interests of the public or State and similar other considerations. It has also to be kept in mind that for the purposes of granting the BAIL the legislature has used the words “reasonable grounds for believing” instead of “the evidence” which means the court dealing with the grant of BAIL can only satisfy it (sic itself) as to whether there is a genuine case against the accused and that the prosecution will be able to produce prima facie evidence in support of the charge. It is not expected, at this stage, to have the evidence establishing the guilt of the accused beyond reasonable doubt. 24. In State of U.P. v. Amarmani Tripathi, (2005) 8 SCC 21, this Court held as under: 18. It is well settled that the matters to be considered in an application for BAIL are (i) whether there is any prima facie or reasonable ground to believe that the accused had committed the offence; (ii) nature and gravity of the charge; (iii) severity of the punishment in the event of conviction; (iv) danger of the accused absconding or fleeing, if released on BAIL; (v) character, behaviour, means, position and standing of the accused; (vi) likelihood of the offence being repeated; (vii) reasonable apprehension of the witnesses being tampered with; and (viii) danger, of course, of justice being thwarted by grant of BAIL (see Prahlad Singh Bhati v. NCT, Delhi and Gurcharan Singh v. State (Delhi Admn.)). While a vague allegation that the accused may tamper with the evidence or witnesses may not be a ground to refuse BAIL, if the accused is of such character that his mere presence at large would intimidate the witnesses or if there is material to show that he will use his liberty to subvert justice or tamper with the evidence, then BAIL will be refused. We may also refer to the following principles relating to grant or refusal of BAIL stated in Kalyan Chandra Sarkar v. Rajesh Ranjan: (SCC pp. 535-36, para 11) 11. The law in regard to grant or refusal of BAIL is very well settled. The court granting BAIL should exercise its discretion in a judicious manner and not as a matter of course. Though at the stage of granting BAIL a detailed examination of evidence and elaborate documentation of the merit of the case need not be undertaken, there is a need to indicate in such orders reasons for prima facie concluding why BAIL was being granted particularly where the accused is charged of having committed a serious offence. Any order devoid of such reasons would suffer from non-application of mind. It is also necessary for the court granting BAIL to consider among other circumstances, the following factors also before granting BAIL; they are: (a) The nature of accusation and the severity of punishment in case of conviction and the nature of supporting evidence. (b) Reasonable apprehension of tampering with the witness or apprehension of threat to the complainant. (c) Prima facie satisfaction of the court in support of the charge. (See Ram Govind Upadhyay v. Sudarshan Singh and Puran v. Rambilas.) 22. While a detailed examination of the evidence is to be avoided while considering the question of BAIL, to ensure that there is no prejudging and no prejudice, a brief examination to be satisfied about the existence or otherwise of a prima facie case is necessary. 25. Coming back to the facts of the present case, both the Courts have refused the request for grant of BAIL on two grounds: The primary ground is that offence alleged against the accused persons is very serious involving deep rooted planning in which, huge financial loss is caused to the State exchequer; the secondary ground is that the possibility of the accused persons tempering with the witnesses. In the present case, the charge is that of cheating and dishonestly inducing delivery of property, forgery for the purpose of cheating using as genuine a forged document. The punishment of the offence is punishment for a term which may extend to seven years. It is, no doubt, true that the nature of the charge may be relevant, but at the same time, the punishment to which the party may be liable, if convicted, also bears upon the issue. Therefore, in determining whether to grant BAIL, both the seriousness of the charge and the severity of the punishment should be taken into consideration. The grant or refusal to grant BAIL lies within the discretion of the Court. The grant or denial is regulated, to a large extent, by the facts and circumstances of each particular case. But at the same time, right to BAIL is not to be denied merely because of the sentiments of the community against the accused. The primary purposes of BAIL in a criminal case are to relieve the accused of imprisonment, to relieve the State of the burden of keeping him, pending the trial, and at the same time, to keep the accused constructively in the custody of the Court, whether before or after conviction, to assure that he will submit to the jurisdiction of the Court and be in attendance thereon whenever his presence is required. This Court in Gurcharan Singh and Ors. v. State AIR 1978 SC 179 observed that two paramount considerations, while considering petition for grant of BAIL in non-BAILable offence, apart from the seriousness of the offence, are the likelihood of the accused fleeing from justice and his tampering with the prosecution witnesses. Both of them relate to ensure of the fair trial of the case. Though, this aspect is dealt by the High Court in its impugned order, in our view, the same is not convincing. 26. When the undertrial prisoners are detained in jail custody to an indefinite period, Article 21 of the Constitution is violated. Every person, detained or arrested, is entitled to speedy trial, the question is : whether the same is possible in the present case. There are seventeen accused persons. Statement of the witnesses runs to several hundred pages and the documents on which reliance is placed by the prosecution, is voluminous. The trial may take considerable time and it looks to us that the Appellants, who are in jail, have to remain in jail longer than the period of detention, had they been convicted. It is not in the interest of justice that accused should be in jail for an indefinite period. No doubt, the offence alleged against the Appellants is a serious one in terms of alleged huge loss to the State exchequer, that, by itself, should not deter us from enlarging the Appellants on BAIL when there is no serious contention of the Respondent that the accused, if released on BAIL, would interfere with the trial or tamper with evidence. We do not see any good reason to detain the accused in custody, that too, after the completion of the investigation and filing of the charge-sheet. This Court, in the case of State of Kerala v. Raneef, (2011) 1 SCC 784, has stated: 15. In deciding BAIL applications an important factor which should certainly be taken into consideration by the court is the delay in concluding the trial. Often this takes several years, and if the accused is denied BAIL but is ultimately acquitted, who will restore so many years of his life spent in custody Is Article 21 of the Constitution, which is the most basic of all the fundamental rights in our Constitution, not violated in such a case of course this is not the only factor, but it is certainly one of the important factors in deciding whether to grant BAIL. In the present case the Respondent has already spent 66 days in custody (as stated in Para 2 of his counter-affidavit), and we see no reason why he should be denied BAIL. A doctor incarcerated for a long period may end up like Dr. Manette in Charles Dicken’s novel A Tale of Two Cities, who forgot his profession and even his name in the Bastille. 27. In ‘Bihar Fodder Scam’, this Court, taking into consideration the seriousness of the charges alleged and the maximum sentence of imprisonment that could be imposed including the fact that the Appellants were in jail for a period more than six months as on the date of passing of the order, was of the view that the further detention of the Appellants as pre-trial prisoners would not serve any purpose. 28. We are conscious of the fact that the accused are charged with economic offences of huge magnitude. We are also conscious of the fact that the offences alleged, if proved, may jeopardize the economy of the country. At the same time, we cannot lose sight of the fact that the investigating agency has already completed investigation and the charge sheet is already filed before the Special Judge, CBI, New Delhi. Therefore, their presence in the custody may not be necessary for further investigation. We are of the view that the Appellants are entitled to the grant of BAIL pending trial on stringent conditions in order to ally the apprehension expressed by CBI. 29. In the view we have taken, it may not be necessary to refer and discuss other issues canvassed by the Learned Counsel for the parties and the case laws relied on in support of their respective contentions. We clarify that we have not expressed any opinion regarding the other legal issues canvassed by Learned Counsel for the parties. 30. In the result, we order that the Appellants be released on BAIL on their executing a bond with two solvent sureties, each in a sum of `5 lakhs to the satisfaction of the Special Judge, CBI, New Delhi on the following conditions: a. The Appellants shall not directly or indirectly make any inducement, threat or promise to any person acquainted with the facts or the case so as to dissuade him to disclose such facts to the Court or to any other authority. b. They shall remain present before the Court on the dates fixed for hearing of the case. If they want to remain absent, then they shall take prior permission of the court and in case of unavoidable circumstances for remaining absent, they shall immediately give intimation to the appropriate court and also to the Superintendent, CBI and request that they may be permitted to be present through the counsel. c. They will not dispute their identity as the accused in the case. d. They shall surrender their passport, if any (if not already surrendered), and in case, they are not a holder of the same, they shall swear to an affidavit. If they have already surrendered before the Ld. Special Judge, CBI, that fact should also be supported by an affidavit. e. We reserve liberty to the CBI to make an appropriate application for modification/recalling the order passed by us, if for any reason, the Appellants violate any of the conditions imposed by this Court. 31. The appeals are disposed of accordingly. Current Supreme Court Judgments Jasmeet Kaur Vs. State (NCT of Delhi) & Anr-12/12/ 2019 Saeeda Khatoon Arshi Vs. State of Uttar Pradesh & Anr-10/12/2019 State of Uttar Pradesh and Ors. Vs. Sudarshana Chatterjee-10/12/2019 Union of India & Ors. Vs. Dafadar Kartar Singh & Anr- 9/12/2019 ONGC LTD. & ORS. Vs CONSUMER EDUCATION RESEARCH SOCIETY & ORS- 09/12/2019 THE STATE OF BIHAR & ORS Vs PHULPARI KUMARI- 06/12/2019 Station House Officer CBI/ACB/Bangalore vs. B.A. Srinivasan – 05/12/2019 State of NCT of Delhi Vs Shiv Charan Bansal & Ors – 05/12/2019 Mahipal Vs Rajesh Kumar @ Polia & Anr-05/12/2019 BSES Yamuna Power Ltd. Vs Sh. Ghanshyam Chand Sharma & Anr-05/12/2019 Buddha Darshana-Madhavacharya State of Himachal Pradesh Versus Gian Chand- 01/05/2001 Delay filing FIR THE VEDAS, BRÂHMANAS AND THEIR PHILOSOPHY – Surendranath Dasgupta 1922 Principle of Relativity and Inference from it: Albert Einstein, Ph.D-1916 Supreme Court does not function, as a regular Court of Criminal Appeal without a fit certificate u/a 134 (1) (a) or (b) of Constitution by a High Court Haripada Dey Versus The State of West Bengal and another- 05/09/1956 Nemo moriturus praesumitur mentire – No one at the point of death is presumed to lie Khushal Rao Versus State of Bombay-25/09/1957 Dalip Singh and others Versus State of Punjab-12/01/1979 DEV KARAN @ LAMBU VS STATE OF HARYANA- 06/08/2019 Under section 465 of Criminal Code plea of error should be taken at earliest stage Recalling or Reviewing an Order by Criminal Court Sentencing Policy set by Supreme Court Guidelines for District Magistrates and Senior Superintendent of Police for cases under Juvenile Justice Care and Protection Act, 2015 and Protection of Children from Sexual offences Act 2012 Electronic Evidence in Indian Law The Arms Act 1959 Commentaries on Negotiable Instrument Act 1881 DEFENCE MANAGEMENT IN CRIMINAL TRIAL Section 144 of the Code of Civil Procedure M. Gurudas and Ors Vs Rasaranjan and Ors-13/09/2006 Rule 1 of Order XVII of CPC- Grant of time and adjournments Salem Advocate Bar Association, Tamil Nadu Versus Union of India-02/08/2005 Bhagwati Prasad Versus Chandramaul- 19/10/1965 SUPREME COURT DIGEST ON THE CIVIL PROCEDURE CODE 1908 Specimen of substantial questions of law for the Second appeal It is settled legal position that court is to respond only to issue agitated before it and in case at the time of hearing issue was not taken the court cannot deal with it-SC The Code Of Civil Procedure (West Bengal Amendment) Act, 1988 Index to the Code of Civil procedure 1908 PAYMENT SERVICES ACT 2019 – SINGAPORE Treaty on European Union: Preamble EXTRADITION TREATY BETWEEN INDIA AND BANGLADESH Chinese Foreign Policy during the Maoist Era and its Lessons for Today: 2007 Agreement on the withdrawal of the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland from the European Union and the European Atomic Energy Community United Nations Charter (full text-english) UGC NET Syllabus in International and Area Studies ROME STATUTE OF THE INTERNATIONAL CRIMINAL COURT List of bilateral treaties/agreements between India and Pakistan Family Laws Law of Transportation Hospitality Law Law of Declaration C.P.C Evidence Act Limitation Act © Advocatetanmoy Law Library	cc/2020-05/en_head_0067.json.gz/line495
__label__cc	0.53485	0.46515	What is the greatest sentence ever uttered by a human being? I'm guessing it's not "By the way, I thought of a good contest for your blog: What is the greatest sentence ever uttered by a human being?," which is something somebody uttered to me via email just now. And I'm sure it's not: "I'm guessing it's not 'By the way, I thought of a good contest for your blog: What is the greatest sentence ever uttered by a human being?,' which is something somebody uttered to me via email just now." Tags: things Madam I'm Adam. There is a list. http://theamericanscholar.org/ten-best-sentences/ "There is a list." From that list: "Anger was washed away in the river along with any obligation."—Ernest Hemingway, A Farewell to Arms "Like the waters of the river, like the motorists on the highway, and like the yellow trains streaking down the Santa Fe tracks, drama, in the shape of exceptional happenings, had never stopped there"—Truman Capote, In Cold Blood Was that the same river… twice?—Ann Althouse "But he hasn't got anything on," a little child said. retired said... Jesus answered, “Everyone who drinks this water will be thirsty again, but whoever drinks the water I give them will never thirst. Indeed, the water I give them will become in them a spring of water welling up to eternal life.” John 4:13-14, Jesus talking the the woman at the well. It strikes me that most, of not all, of those sentences were NOT uttered, but are rather fictional writings . I am more interested in the 10 greatest sentences actually uttered (spoken) by a real person. I will start with JFK's, "And so, my fellow Americans: ask not what your country can do for you — ask what you can do for your country." a psychiatrist who learned from veterans said... To be, or not to be: that is the question: Whether ’tis nobler in the mind to suffer The slings and arrows of outrageous fortune, Or to take arms against a sea of troubles, And by opposing end them? Amichel said... "Let him who is without sin among you be the first to throw a stone at her." Cliché, but cliché for a reason. Mr. Colby said... In the beginning was the Word. James Pawlak said... "When in the course of human events..." The Savage Noble said... "The woman you put here with me--she gave me some fruit from the tree, and I ate it." - Adam Another contest would be to guess the first sentence ever uttered by a human being... I'm with Pawlak mezzrow said... Greatest? who knows? This one I've always felt was pretty darned good. At least it nailed me. Every non-conformist knows, in the depths of his soul, that the place his vanity rejects is the exact same place his nature has assigned him. - Nicolás Gómez Dávila "I am the way, and the truth, and the life; no one comes to the Father but through Me." Austin - that's not even JFK's best line. "Let every nation know, whether it wishes us well or ill, that we shall pay any price, bear any burden, meet any hardship, support any friend, oppose any foe, in order to assure the survival and the success of liberty." Was that the same river… twice? Of course not, as your reference makes clear. That quote would likely make my top ten greatest sentences. “So we beat on, boats against the current, borne back ceaselessly into the past.” There is no greatest sentence. It's like saying what's the greatest ice cream flavor. I love strawberry and vanilla and mint chocolate chip. Why must one be deemed "better?" "It is finished." W.B. Picklesworth said... "Honey, would you like the last cookie?" -my wife So whatever you wish that others would do to you, do also to them, for this is the Law and the Prophets. "I don't know." In honor of the American contribution to the Great War, in 1918 as the Allies retreated before the final German offensive breakthrough just 80 miles outside Paris: "Retreat? Hell, we just got here." "Jesus answered, “Everyone who drinks this water will be thirsty again, but whoever drinks the water I give them will never thirst. Indeed, the water I give them will become in them a spring of water welling up to eternal life.” John 4:13-14, Jesus talking the the woman at the well." Now, I'm sure the best sentence has water in it. "Meditation and water are wedded forever." My 12th grade English teacher loved that sentence from "Moby Dick." "Now the earth was formless and empty, darkness was over the surface of the deep, and the Spirit of God was hovering over the waters." If only we had some sort of scientist who was able to determine this sort of thing the world would be a better place. Take your stinking paws off me you damn dirty ape! It's a tie: We hold these truths to be self-evident, that all men are created equal, that they are endowed by their Creator with certain unalienable Rights, that among these are Life, Liberty and the pursuit of Happiness. All right, then, I'll go to hell. SomeoneHasToSayIt said... "It isn't so much that liberals are ignorant, it's just that they know so much that isn't so." -RR Cargosquid said... The greatest sentence ever uttered....the source of great accomplishments: "HEY! Watch this......!" knighterrant said... The greatest sentence is, "Yes, I will." The most frequently said Last Words are, "Hey dude, watch this!" lemondog said... I think, therefore I am re: war, "Nuts," when asked to surrender. "Because if we are willing to work for it, and fight for it, and believe in it, then I am absolutely certain that generations from now, we will be able to look back and tell our children that this was the moment when we began to provide care for the sick and good jobs to the jobless; this was the moment when the rise of the oceans began to slow and our planet began to heal; this was the moment when we ended a war and secured our nation and restored our image as the last, best hope on earth." "I am more interested in the 10 greatest sentences actually uttered (spoken) by a real person. I will start with JFK's, "And so, my fellow Americans: ask not what your country can do for you — ask what you can do for your country."" 1. That sentence was written. JFK just read it out loud. If you're really into spontaneous utterances, you've got to exclude things like that or we might as well include everything in any book that comes in audiobook form. 2. The word "utter" isn't always limited to the spoken word. In law, we even speak of "uttering a check"! 3. But I think your point is: Something that came straight out of a person's brain. Written word can be like that too. Blogging, for example. Or Jack Kerouac. But I agree that these elaborate, crafted written sentences don't seem to be "uttered." What is the greatest sentence a human being ever stuttered? Short, to the point, and satisfying to hear. Jesus wept. @Ignorance is Bliss The unexamined joke is not worth making. I concluded my speech by telling them that I was done with politics for the present, and they might all go to hell, and I would go to Texas. -Davy Crockett I mean… only the unexplained joke is worth having been made… or something. "There is no greatest sentence. It's like saying what's the greatest ice cream flavor. I love strawberry and vanilla and mint chocolate chip. Why must one be deemed "better?"" "GRAPE! I'm gonna get grape, or cherry. They're both... favorites, so either one is good, but if they have both, I'll get grape, because grape is a little more favorite. But if they don't have grape it's like alright its fine, cause cherry's favorite anyway. It's like another favorite, but not as much. Not as much favorite. But they're both good. They're both good." Ann - OK, then, I will go with Yogi Berra, who when asked what he thought about his team's execution after a particularly bad game, said, "I'm all for it." Tear down that wall. N.J. Fentwanger said... Remember son, the last click is in your heart. "'Let me help.' A hundred years or so from now, I believe, a famous novelist will write a classic using that theme. He'll recommend those three words even over 'I love you.'" rastajenk said... So a scripted speech doesn't count? That seems harsh. I would think the final sentence of the Gettysburg Address should count for something. It should be a short sentence. I think we've figured that out. Right? "That's All Folks!" viator said... If I was going with Dickens I'd have to choose this extended sentence. Also it's apropos. Not uttered though. It was the best of times, it was the worst of times, it was the age of wisdom, it was the age of foolishness, it was the epoch of belief, it was the epoch of incredulity, it was the season of Light, it was the season of Darkness, it was the spring of hope, it was the winter of despair, we had everything before us, we had nothing before us, we were all going direct to Heaven, we were all going direct the other way – in short, the period was so far like the present period, "Shade is I don't tell you you're ugly but I don't have to tell you because you know you're ugly ... and that's shade." Dorian Corey "Your sins are forgiven" - Jesus of Nazareth "Jooooooke!" http://www.tagesanzeiger.ch/ausland/europa/More-punk-less-hell/story/10069405 No contest. "Never in the field of human conflict was so much owed by so many to so few." From a list of 40 Churchill quotes. (Understanding the quote in context, from Shirer, "The Rise and Fall of the Third Reich": "[Hitler] had never conceived — nor had anyone else up to that time — that a decisive battle could be decided in the air. Nor perhaps did he yet realize as the dark winter settled over Europe that a handful of British fighter pilots, by thwarting his invasion, had preserved England as a great base for the possible reconquest of the Continent from the west at a later date.... Britain was saved. For nearly a thousand years it had successfully defended itself by sea power. Just in time, its leaders, a very few of them, despite all the bungling (of which these pages have been so replete) in the interwar years, had recognized that air power had become decisive in the mid-twentieth century and the little fighter plane and its pilot the chief shield for defense. As Churchill told the Commons in another memorable peroration on August 20, when the battle in the skies still raged and its outcome was in doubt, 'never in field of human conflict was so much owed by so many to so few.'" Here are "The 40 Best Quotes from Ronald Reagan." My favorite is: "The nine most terrifying words in the English language are, 'I'm from the government and I'm here to help.'" That one is an utterance within an utterance, which could be a subcategory. "What is the greatest sentence a human being ever stuttered?" "This is my generation, baby." Often combined with "Here, hold my beer." Churchill (as noted by others), "It has been said that democracy is the worst form of government except all the others that have been tried." and Franklin "They who can give up essential liberty to obtain a little temporary safety deserve neither liberty nor safety." are a rich source of immortal uttered sentences: Bill Crawford said... "One small step for a man; one giant leap for mankind." N. Armstrong "We don't know what we don't know" Uttered by a CSC executive back in 1988 or 1989 when discussing our systems problems [I am withholding her name but she was spot on]. And yeah I know Rumsfeld said something similar during Iraq War. God is love, and he who abides in love, abides in God, and God in him. Todd said... Father, forgive them; for they know not what they do. mikeski said... "Another contest would be to guess the first sentence ever uttered by a human being..." Fifty-fifty chance between the caveman equivalents of "look out!" and "wanna ***?" I'll go with a three way tie: 1) "Never in the field of human conflict has so much been owed by so many to so few." 2) "Mr. Gorbachev, tear down this wall!" 3) "The powers not delegated to the United States by the Constitution, nor prohibited by it to the States, are reserved to the States respectively, or to the people." "I love you." Uttered by many, enduring (mostly), heartfelt, and shared. MnMark said... "With malice toward none; with charity for all; with firmness in the right, as God gives us to see the right, let us strive on to finish the work we are in; to bind up the nation's wounds; to care for him who shall have borne the battle, and for his widow, and his orphan--to do all which may achieve and cherish a just and lasting peace, among ourselves, and with all nations." "Yeah but how do your bank employees really feel about having to wear those Mouseketeer ears?" My half-drunk wiseass question to a Midlantic Bank exec after he went on and on about how great it was and how fruitful it had been for his bank after it adopted the management techniques ala Disneyland's customer service model. Mark Nielsen said... I'm pretty sure it's not "Yes we can!" There's no such thing as a free lunch. "Pass the Dutchie pon the left hand side" "Philadelphia is the only city, where you can experience the thrill of victory and the agony of reading about it the next day." Mike Schmidt, Hall of Fame third basemen. My vote is for Armstrong's. Although I prefer "Tranquility base here...the Eagle has landed" as those were the very first words spoken from another planetary body. Most people want to do someone else's job not their own. That is why really big organizations are so screwed up. Surely Lincoln or Churchill. I'll go with Lincoln: "It is rather for us to be here dedicated to the great task remaining before us -- that from these honored dead we take increased devotion to that cause for which they gave the last full measure of devotion -- that we here highly resolve that these dead shall not have died in vain -- that this nation, under God, shall have a new birth of freedom -- and that government of the people, by the people, for the people, shall not perish from the earth." They're going to owe us a lot of money!" As a sub topic, please consider the passing away of famous last words. In the old days, people would take the trouble to say a few memorable words before croaking. "What an actor the world loses in me." "Let us cross over the river and rest under the shade of the trees." "Comedy is hard." .....I would hope that the publicist of some celeb would brief his client on some snappy words to say in the ambulance or leave in the suicide note. The words of the dying always have more impact and drama than prepared speeches. David Smith said... "Hold my beer and watch this!" MathMom said... James Pawlak - The quotes from Jesus fail the first test - to be uttered by a human being. Bart Hall (Kansas, USA) said... "I have nothing to offer but blood, toil, tears, and sweat." Churchill to his new unity cabinet, 13 May, 1940. One small step for man, one giant leap for mankind Anything by a woman yet? Half these utterances were probably first said by a woman, regarded as insignificant, then said by a man, and everybody applauded. mtrobertsattorney said... "A spontaneous interest in natural beauty is the mark of a good soul." Kant, A Critique of Judgment. chillblaine said... "We shall fight on the beaches, we shall fight on the landing grounds, we shall fight in the fields and in the streets, we shall fight in the hills; we shall never surrender..." "My water just broke"? This is the only one I completely understand. "This private estate was far enough away from the explosion so that its bamboos, pines, laurel, and maples were still alive, and the green place invited refugees—partly because they believed that if the Americans came back, they would bomb only buildings; partly because the foliage seemed a center of coolness and life, and the estate’s exquisitely precise rock gardens, with their quiet pools and arching bridges, were very Japanese, normal, secure; and also partly (according to some who were there) because of an irresistible, atavistic urge to hide under leaves." Is that a banana in your pocket, or are you just happy to see me? There's a really long one embedded somewhere in "The Fairy Queen" that at least deserves an honorable mention. Don't know what you mean by "greatest." Although not most noble, deepest meaning, most universal but brief, succinct, standard (for me always means recognition of a loss of control of the situation as well as my tongue), and most memorable to my kids (they can forget about anything else I say): "Sht" which is somewhat related to "watch this," "hold my beer," etc. I try not to use foul and coarse language, sometimes it just comes out. Like right after I realized I had zero traction (ice) and immediately before I hit the wall. It was 15 years ago and I still hear about it. Pettifogger said... Winston Churchill: We shall go on to the end, we shall fight in France, we shall fight on the seas and oceans, we shall fight with growing confidence and growing strength in the air, we shall defend our Island, whatever the cost may be, we shall fight on the beaches, we shall fight on the landing grounds, we shall fight in the fields and in the streets, we shall fight in the hills; we shall never surrender, and even if, which I do not for a moment believe, this Island or a large part of it were subjugated and starving, then our Empire beyond the seas, armed and guarded by the British Fleet, would carry on the struggle, until, in God’s good time, the New World, with all its power and might, steps forth to the rescue and the liberation of the old.” phantommut said... From nowhere in particular: "It seemed like a good idea at the time." Utterly human. White heterosexual men should pay for all tampons. George M. Spencer said... "Take your stinkin' paws off of me, you damn dirty ape!" Eli Eli Lama Sabachthani "I will not accept if nominated and will not serve if elected." - General William Tecumseh Sherman Written like a true feminist. Crack's version reads: Half these utterances were probably first said by a Black man, regarded as insignificant, then said by a White man, and everybody applauded. "Let them eat cake." Is there a quote by a woman that is more widely repeated than that? "I apologize." --Multiple Speakers But Not Nearly Enough. "It seemed like a good idea at the time." Steve McQueen's character in "The Magnificent Seven." In the beginning was the Word, and the Word was with God, and the Word was God. (John 1:1) about his mythical friend, who stripped himself naked and dived into a cactus patch. Nothing is over until WE say it's over! The sentence "Jesus wept," was not uttered by Jesus. Nor by a fictional character. In our sleep, pain which cannot forget falls drop by drop upon the heart until, in our own despair, against our will, comes wisdom through the awful grace of God. -- Aeschylus "Nuts" --- Gen. McAuliffe at Bastogne when asked to surrender An amusing story with Churchill utterances. Violet Asquith, herself a formidable and notable British woman, and Prime Minister Herbert Asquith's intelligent and perceptive daughter, recalled her first conversation with Winston Churchill at age 19 in 1906. “Curse ruthless time!” Churchill said savagely, bemoaning the fact that he was already thirty-two. "“Curse our mortality! How cruelly short is the allotted span for all we must cram into it.” And he burst forth into an eloquent diatribe on the shortness of human life, the immensity of possible human accomplishment -- a theme so well exploited by the poets, prophets and philosophers of all ages that it might seem difficult to invest it with a new and startling significance. Yet for me, she recalled, he did so, in a torrent of magnificent language which appeared to be both effortless and inexhaustible and ended up with the words I shall always remember: “We are all worms. But I do believe I am a glow-worm.”" After the encounter, she rushed into her father’s bedroom. Asquith and his daughter were extremely close, and always discussed the day’s events before he went to sleep. Violet announced that for the first time in her life she had seen genius. “Well, Winston would certainly agree with you there,” the Prime Minister replied. “But I’m not sure you will find many others of the same mind.” No, that was John McKay, head coach of the hapless Tampa Bay Buccaneers in their early years. Will J. Richardson said... “It is a truth universally acknowledged, that a single man in possession of a good fortune, must be in want of a wife.” ― Jane Austen, Pride and Prejudice Stoutcat said... Bob R. at 10:59 AM: "It's a tie: "We hold these truths to be self-evident, that all men are created equal, that they are endowed by their Creator with certain unalienable Rights, that among these are Life, Liberty and the pursuit of Happiness. "All right, then, I'll go to hell." I see what you did there, Dude. I'm going with, "All right then, I'll go to hell." Love that discussion. "Here's my counteroffer to your counteroffer: go fuck yourself." Al Swearingen "The world ends when you're dead. Until then, you got more punishment in store. Stand it like a man and give some back." Al Swearingen Been watching Deadwood again. Lucien said... "My very photogenic mother died in a freak accident (picnic, lightning) when I was three, and, save for a pocket of warmth in the darkest past, nothing of her subsists within the hollows and dells of memory, over which, if you can still stand my style (I am writing under observation), the sun of my infancy had set: surely, you all know those redolent remnants of day suspended, with the midges, about some hedge in bloom or suddenly entered and traversed by the rambler, at the bottom of a hill, in the summer dusk; a furry warmth, golden midges." -- Nabokov, "Lolita" For the gate is narrow and the way is hard, that leads to life, and those who find it are few. Christianity has not been tried and found wanting; it has been found difficult and not tried. Of all tyrannies a tyranny sincerely exercised for the good of its victims may be the most oppressive. "Why can't a woman be more like a man?"-- Henry Higgins What monkeys? "I don't give a fuck about your war, or your president." - Snake Pliskin Jay Vogt said... Vine, vidi, vici. Hard to do more with less than that. damn auto-correct . . . vini jussendavis said... The best lack all conviction, while the worst are full of passionate intensity. "I would prefer not to." TCR James said... "Fuck it, dude. Let's go bowling." Mel Tillis for "Whataburger":: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=XGLcNR1sWIc Fandor said... "Stand back, I don't know how big this thing gets". "I wouldn't want to be the man who walked in this room". "You strike me as a cautious man. You wear both belt and suspenders". "Tennis, anyone?" Best crafted sentence or best sentence due to context or idea conveyed? The Bible is full of most excellent sentences. Some of my favorites that seem less popular: “Where were you when I laid the foundation of the earth?" - God in Job "Abraham breathed his last and died in a good old age, an old man and full of years, and was gathered to his people." - from Genesis 25 "The light shines in the darkness, and the darkness has not overcome it." - from John 1 "If, in picking a quarrel, each party declined to go more than three-eighths of the way, and if in making friends, each was ready to go five-eighths of the way--why, there would be more reconciliations than quarrels!" - Lewis Carroll, Eight or Nine Wise Words About Letter-Writing "And so the Trojans buried Hector breaker of horses." - Homer, The Iliad As for best crafted; I'll have to think about it more. We few, we happy few, we band of brothers; for he today that sheds his blood with me shall be my brother; be he ne'er so vile, this day shall gentle his condition. There are some excellently crafted sentences that convey total foolishness. "Baby, I don't care". "I don't like to kneel. It makes my nylons bag". "If I should die, think only this of me; That there's some corner of a foreign field That is for ever England." - Rupert Brooke, The Soldier "For even the purest delight may pall, And power must fail, and the pride must fall, And the love of the dearest friends grow small— But the glory of the Lord is all in all." - Richard Doddridge Blackmore, Dominus Illuminatio Mea Be bold and might forces will come to your aid. The average age of the world’s greatest civilizations has been 200 years. Those nations always progress through the following sequence: From bondage to spiritual faith, from spiritual faith to great courage, from great courage to liberty, from liberty to abundance, from abundance to selfishness, from selfishness to complacency, from complacency to dependency, from dependency back into bondage." "Attributed to ALEXANDER FRASER TYTLER, LORD WOODHOUSELEE. Unverified" "A man may know that nobody has insulted him, but that he has invented the insult for himself, has lied and exaggerated to make it picturesque, has caught at a word and made a mountain out of a molehill--he knows that himself, yet he will be the first to take offense, and will revel in his resentment till he feels great pleasure in it.” ― Fyodor Dostoyevsky, The Brothers Karamazov “And what's strange, what would be marvelous, is not that God should really exist; the marvel is that such an idea, the idea of the necessity of God, could enter the head of such a savage, vicious beast as man.” "But let justice roll down like waters, and righteousness like an ever-flowing stream." - Amos 5 With malice toward none, with charity for all, with firmness in the right as God gives us to see the right, let us strive on to finish the work we are in, to bind up the nation's wounds, to care for him who shall have borne the battle and for his widow and his orphan, to do all which may achieve and cherish a just and lasting peace among ourselves and with all nations. Michael E. Lopez said... A few candidates -- not necessarily what I'd select as a final set, but the first few that came to mind. 1) Sed omnia praeclara tam difficilia quam rara sunt. (Spinoza) 2) μολὼν λαβέ (Various Lacedaemonians) 3) Cogito ergo sum. (Descartes) 4) I do. (Innumerable couples) 5) Have you no decency, sir? (Welch) 6) ...I have sworn upon the altar of god, eternal hostility against every form of tyranny over the mind of man. (Jefferson) 7) Vi faccio vedere come muore un Italiano! (Quattrocchi) 8) A new commandment I give to you, that you love one another: just as I have loved you, you are also to love one another. By this all people will know that you are my disciples, if you have love for one another. (Jesus, translated, likely paraphrased) 9) It is well that war is so terrible–we would grow too fond of it. (Lee, likely paraphrased) 10) Nuts. (Gen. McAuliffe; technically written) Æthelflæd said... "Mercy and truth are met together, righteousness and peace have kissed each other." "I'm not pregnant!" Tibore said... What is the greatest sentence a human being ever stuttered?" Mel Blanc: Bble bble bble th-th-that's all folks! Patrick Henry had some good ones, besides his more well-known quotes. "Caesar had his Brutus, Charles the First his Cromwell; and George the Third — may profit by their example." "If this be treason, make the most of it." "I know of no way of judging of the future but by the past." "If lovin' you is wrong, I don't want to be right." Paul Brinkley said... "I'll go." "I do." How hard can it be. Sharkcutie said... --One Hundred Years of Solitude http://americanbookreview.org/100bestlines.asp "The one thing you can't trade for your heart's desire is your heart." - Lois Bujold, Memory Bah! That's Sabellianism, you heretic! ^_^ Lexington Green said... V. S. Naipaul — 'The world is what it is; men who are nothing, who allow themselves to become nothing, have no place in it.' "No, honey, that dress doesn't make you look fat." -spoken by more than one human being. Half these utterances were probably first said by a woman Not my example. "Nothing I cared, in the lamb white days, that time would take me Up to the swallow thronged loft by the shadow of my hand, In the moon that is always rising, Nor that riding to sleep I should hear him fly with the high fields And wake to the farm forever fled from the childless land. Oh as I was young and easy in the mercy of his means, Time held me green and dying Though I sang in my chains like the sea." Dylan Thomas Fern Hill last stanza Sofa King said... "The Eagle has landed." I think all planned speeches and writings should be disqualified, as they are not utterances. Take me instead. - Maximilien Kolbe, Auschwitz, 1941 "Do or Do Not ... There is No Try" -- Gandalf the Grey It is finished. Must've been a horseplayer. I've learned a lot from these comments. This is a learned and creative group. I have just one correction, to MathMom, 11:41 am. Unless you were joking when you said "The quotes from Jesus fail the first test - to be uttered by a human being." Christian theologians determined no later than the Council of Nicaea (325) that Jesus was both fully human and fully divine. However, I do agree that it's somewhat unfair to put Churchill, Lincoln, et al. up against the Son of God in a quotations contest. Two road diverged in a wood, and I - I took the one less traveled by, And that has made all the difference. Had to check and make sure it was one sentence - Bill Shakespeare, Sonnet 29 - When, in disgrace with fortune and men's eyes, I all alone beweep my outcast state, And trouble deaf heaven with my bootless cries, And look upon myself, and curse my fate, Wishing me like to one more rich in hope, Featur'd like him, like him with friends possess'd, Desiring this man's art and that man's scope, With what I most enjoy contented least; Yet in these thoughts myself almost despising, Haply I think on thee, and then my state, Like to the lark at break of day arising From sullen earth, sings hymns at heaven's gate; For thy sweet love remember'd such wealth brings That then I scorn to change my state with kings. Now that is a sentence!!!! GMC70 said... Meet the new boss, same as the old boss. Always true. Why is it a given that the greatest sentence ever uttered would be in English? More Frost: The woods are lovely, dark and deep. But I have promises to keep, And miles to go before I sleep, And miles to go before I sleep. Spontaneous utterances recorded and repeated excluded, leaves me thinking of words I heard with others which became public for the first time with that utterance. For me, the greatest sentence, with outcomes I might not have wished, is 'I shall not seek the nomination of my party to be your president..' Lyndon Johnson. However, I do agree that it's somewhat unfair to put Churchill, Lincoln, et al. up against the Son of God in a quotations contest. Agreed. But I think its the greatest quote because the concept of Forgiveness is a pillar of Western Civ. And I don't think we would have gotten this far without it. I'm not into organized religion, but I remember from my studies what a novel concept this was and how it changed the world. For better. Half these atrocities were probably first suggested by a woman, and then carried out by men /fixed JHapp said... "So let me be clear, Collective bargaining isn't a right, it is an expensive entitlement." - Scott Walker And Mary said: “My soul glorifies the Lord 47 and my spirit rejoices in God my Savior, 48 for he has been mindful of the humble state of his servant. From now on all generations will call me blessed, 49 for the Mighty One has done great things for me— holy is his name. 50 His mercy extends to those who fear him, 51 He has performed mighty deeds with his arm; he has scattered those who are proud in their inmost thoughts. 52 He has brought down rulers from their thrones but has lifted up the humble. 53 He has filled the hungry with good things but has sent the rich away empty. 54 He has helped his servant Israel, remembering to be merciful 55 to Abraham and his descendants forever, just as he promised our ancestors.” Yes, Jesus was fully human, but He is also fully God, so it's a bit slanted to choose anything He said. As for the Old Testament quotes, that was the Holy Spirit speaking through humans, so again it is not really fair. Rather, the greatest sentence ever uttered by a human being was, in fact, said by a woman - and because of saying it, she is exalted above all other humans, man or woman -- "I am the handmaid of the Lord; let it be done unto me according to thy word." EVERYTHING that follows regarding Jesus, Christianity, and YOUR salvation hinged upon Mary giving her fiat, saying "Yes" to God. OK, so "retired" was at least on the right track (and a minute quicker on the "publish" button). sdharms said... "I will show you how an Italian dies" as he ripped off his blindfold while standing in his own grave in Iraq. He was shot by Sadaams men. Fabrizio Quattrocchi I am the wrath of god, the earth upon which I tread sees me and trembles. "Molon labe" ("come and take") -- Leonidas Short, simple, extremely meaningful, extremely historically important, funny, tragic, inspiring. About as good as it gets for a human speaking to another human about human things. Of course, it does need some context to get the full effect. Next you'll be asking for reparations. If you don't think too good, don't think too much. --Ted Williams MikeMangum said... "The steak is ready." "Who ordered the double cheese and sausage?" "Right here, dude" -Fast Times at Ridgemont High mrams said... 'I don't believe what I just saw.' Jack Buck Greatest excited utterance: "Behind the bag…it gets through Buckner.' "Hello. My name is Inigo Montoya. You killed my father. Prepare to die." (I know. Disqualified. More than one sentence.) @Stoutcat - I would have pointed it out, but I was wondering if anyone would notice. It's a pretty damned good answer to the question, though. Did you ever feel like a pair of brown shoes in a room full of tuxedos? George Gobel Wow, that's pretty good. It's about as direct a statement by a politician I've ever heard that he hates working people. He may be a shit but at least he's honest about it. Collective bargaining is not about working people, it is about the collective. It is right there in the name for goodness sakes. Todd, lefties like Robert Cook don't really believe in a man, they believe in "the working man", nor do they believe in a person, but rather "the people". They privilege the collective and the abstract over the individual. This is why they believe what they believe, and never quite understand why their principles never actually get implemented - only a series of monsters wearing their faces committing atrocities, mocking their truest beliefs. Those communists that killed all those people, enslaved those countries? They were individuals, evil individuals - but The Party - The Party has the answer. And when The Party is discredited, and the collective can't be sustained, they shift to The Ideal, because their ideals can't betray them the way that the heroes of the people, being wicked men, and The Party, being corrupted by conspiracies of wicked men - could, and did, betray their trust. Robert Cook: "... blah blah heard that he hates working people blah with more marxist crap on top" Funny how all those working people abandoned the unions in droves once they Walker made it possible. I guess even the working people hate the working people, eh? Thats why they need super smart people like you to tell them what to do. If they give you ruled paper, write the other way. --Juan Ramon Jimenez I love my country because it is mine. --Stephen Orbelian I've got a headache. But there are also unknown unknowns, the ones we don't know we don't know. - Donald Rumsfeld I was thinking about how I probably have said one of the stupidest 10 things every said by a human being and maybe the all time worst. Then it occurred to me that Rumsfeld has a good one that would make both list.	cc/2020-05/en_head_0067.json.gz/line496
__label__wiki	0.970623	0.970623	McDonald's expanding table service NEW YORK (AP) (WLS) -- McDonald's wants to makes its fast-food outlets feel more like restaurants, with plans to eventually expand table service across its U.S. locations. The world's biggest burger chain says it has been testing the service at about 500 of its more than 14,000 domestic stores. Customers in those stores order at the counter or at kiosks and sit down and wait for an employee bring out their food, a change that McDonald's says improves customer satisfaction. McDonald's says it will expand the offering in Boston, Chicago, San Francisco, Seattle and Washington, D.C., early next year. Bringing the change to all its stores could take years, as it would require franchisees to invest in remodeling and more training for employees. The push to offer table service like some fast-casual chains do comes as McDonald's tries to stage a comeback after losing customers in recent years, with executives conceding they failed to keep up with changing tastes. Despite a string of announcements intended to drum up excitement - including the introduction of an all-day breakfast menu - customer visits in the U.S. have not increased, the company said. CEO Steve Easterbrook said going to McDonald's is supposed to be fun, but "the initial stages of it can be quite stressful." He noted that customers are becoming more demanding, and the company is working on making visits to its restaurants more convenient. Next year, the company also plans to introduce a mobile order and pay option. Even though McDonald's Corp. gets a majority of its sales at the drive-thru in the U.S., the company hopes having table service in restaurants helps improve people's perceptions about the overall experience. Table service and kiosks have already been introduced in other parts of the world, including in the United Kingdom. The kiosks are also intended to give customers greater flexibility in customizing their orders with different buns and toppings for burgers, while reducing the chances for inaccurate orders. McDonald's has said it is working on reducing inaccurate orders, such as by asking employees to repeat orders back to customers at the drive-thru. In stores that are remodeled to have the kiosks and table service, the company said it will also be more prominently featuring its McCafe drinks and baked goods. Those are intended to go after the growing snacking habit. Easterbrook said that the traditional three meals are making up less of the opportunity for growth. food & drinknew yorkmcdonald's Woman dies after being hit by 2 cars while crossing street to get McDonald's in Calif. Gunman crawls through McDonald's drive-thru window Cop resigns after faking story about 'pig' written on coffee cup Kansas officer allegedly handed coffee with insult at McDonald's	cc/2020-05/en_head_0067.json.gz/line499
__label__cc	0.503286	0.496714	Elimination of Board of Governors and Reduction of System Office Beverly Shue State and Legislative Issues Whereas, The Board of Governors of the California Community Colleges provides independent oversight and policy direction to the 109 community colleges of our system in a public forum and is subject to the Open Meetings Act and the ethical behavior required by law; Whereas, The California Performance Review proposes the elimination of the Board of Governors of the California Community Colleges, although the University of California Board of Regents, the California State University's Board of Trustees, and the State Board of Education (K-12) would remain intact; Whereas, As a political appointee of the Governor, the Secretary of Education and his/her decisions are not subject to public scrutiny, comment, independent review, or consultative influence; and Whereas, The California Performance Review (in ETV01 and ETV03) further proposes to move the Chancellor and all staff into the Office of the Secretary of Education, where they would report to a Deputy Secretary of Higher Education, thereby eliminating public scrutiny and public participation as well as consultation and participatory governance; Resolved, That the Academic Senate for California Community Colleges declare any proposal to eliminate the independent Board of Governors and reduce the System Office to be undemocratic and detrimental to the California Community Colleges, to their locally elected boards of trustees, and to the students enrolled in the largest public post-secondary institution in the world. Status Report: Joint efforts with others throughout system were successful in dismissing this effort.	cc/2020-05/en_head_0067.json.gz/line506
__label__wiki	0.676403	0.676403	E-mail this story Write letter to editor Order a classified ad Curator Kevin Brunt and one of the displays at Northern Life Museum in Fort Smith. - Paul Bickford/NNSL photo The keeper of a culture Northern News Services Yellowknife (Dec 08/03) - Newly arrived in Fort Smith, Kevin Brunt has taken on a culturally important role in the community as curator of Northern Life Museum. News/North: Do you have any plans to change Northern Life Museum? Kevin Brunt: I definitely take my guidance from the museum society and the board of directors right now. That's entirely intentional. I suppose I could come up with a bunch of plans and a bunch of ideas, but because I'm not from here and because I just moved here, it's not really appropriate. I don't have the authority and I don't have the wisdom to guide the museum that way. The longer I'm here, because I'm most intimately connected with the collection, I think over time hopefully the onus will pass more to me and it's something that I will take up. N/N: Did any of the artifacts surprise you when you first arrived at the museum? KB: There are mastodon remains and there are whale bones. There are things like that. Even to the point of National Geographic maps that we found. What is that doing there? But at the same time we don't want to be in too much of a rush to throw anything away because you don't know why it's there. N/N: How does Northern Life Museum compare with museums in similarly-sized towns in the South? KB: In the town I was living in before I came here, we were working out of a room in an abandoned high school. We had no power or water or anything like that. It had mostly archival stuff -- photographs and that kind of thing. We plugged extension cords into the emergency lights and duct taped them along the hallway to bring power in. The town was a similar size, if not bigger, than Fort Smith. N/N: What is the importance of museums, in general? KB: In my opinion one of the more long-lasting and important effects of a museum is holding things in trust for the community. But also there's the education aspect of it, working in partnership with the schools and the college, and cultural institutions, too. That isn't something that I notice in the south very much, but definitely here. N/N: Is there a target date to open the upstairs galleries, which have been closed for several years? KB: The target date is to open for the summer. We want to open it for tourist season, but at the same time tourists really aren't our target audience. It's Fort Smith and the surrounding communities. We'll get about a third of the exhibit done and then open it to the public. I think that's important because it's been closed for so long. I've met people who have lived here for years and have never even been on the inside. Inviting people in to take part in the design and the installation is really important. It gives them an idea of what it takes, because it's incredibly time-consuming to put these things together. N/N: What's the job of a curator? KB: A curator is the person who understands the context of the collection. I've only been here for about two months, so I'm still learning our collection. As the curator, my job is to know intimately what we have and why we have it. It's my job to look at it to see what it is and the context, and to do the proper research to determine if it's appropriate to be in our collection or not. The majority of my time now is constructing exhibits in the main gallery, but hopefully when that's done we can turn our attention back to the collection, because ultimately that's the purpose of the museum. In my mind, the more important role of a museum in a community is to hold in trust. In the same way that an archives hold the records, a museum holds the cultural properties. N/N: Where are you from originally? KB: From a little town near Ottawa called Morrisburg, named after Sir James Morris, who was a Loyalist settler during the American Revolution. N/N: What's your background in the museum field? KB: At university, I did archaeology and anthropology and human evolution at Trent University in Peterborough. I did a few archaeological digs. I did excavating and the initial cataloguing and preservation of the artifacts that we found. N/N: How many years have you been in this field? KB: About nine years, studying and working. I was 19 when I did my first excavation and I'm 28 now. N/N: What attracted you to museums? KB: In Peterborough there was a college that had the curatorial side and the conservation side, and there was an aboriginal collections program there. After I finished my university, I went on and did collections, conservation and management. Basically, that is understanding why things deteriorate, understanding all the different kinds of material that would come into a collection and how they interact with each other. N/N: Was there anything in particular that attracted you to Northern Life Museum? KB: There were a couple of things. When I was in school, I worked for a summer in Dawson City, Yukon. It was a great experience, and I was just very interested in coming back to the North after that. I was always looking for something in the North. That was the primary reason. Also, Northern Life Museum is a small museum, so it was an opportunity to learn. I was really interested to get into the public and the curatorial side of things, like setting up paintings and exhibits. It was just a great opportunity to progress. When I was going to school, the biggest thing I had an interest in was making mounts, the things in the display that hold the artifact in a way that doesn't damage it. Here, I would have to build every one of the mounts for the displays. There are easily a couple of hundred artifacts going on display.	cc/2020-05/en_head_0067.json.gz/line512
__label__wiki	0.881873	0.881873	File RG 76.14.110 - Centre for Advanced Technology Education opening Media Centre subject photographs - prints Centre for Advanced Technology Education opening RG 76.14.110 Ryerson Media Centre 97 photographs : col. negatives ; 35 mm. 1990: with the disbandment of the Learning Resources Centre on July 1, the Media Centre reported to the Vice-President Finance and Administration. On August 1, the Media Centre joined the Department of Development, Alumni and Community Relations. John Kentner, Manager of the Centre, reported to Ian Marlatt, Director, Creative Services. Because of its status and different physical location, it was decided to maintain the Media Centre as a separate record group. In early 1996, with a realignment of responsibilities in the Development, Alumni and Community Relations area, the graphic and photography functions of the Media Centre were formally consolidated within the Community Relations unit, whereas the remaining audio-visual equipment functions were integrated into Computing and Communications Services (CCS). Records relating to the graphic and photography functions were now to be arranged under the Development, Alumni and Community Relations Group. In December of 1996, the Development, Alumni and Community Relations Department changed its name to the University Advancement Office. The documentation files and the Group were revised to reflect this name change. Plans were underway to change the name of the Media Centre to Presentation Technology and to renovate and reorganize the physical area currently occupied by the Media Centre in the basement of the Learning Resources Centre. (e-mail message, J.Hajdu to C.Doucet, 10Sep96) CCS renamed the Media Centre to Media Services and transferred staff members the newly formed DMP (c.1996). The Digital Media Projects Office began as a joint initiative between Rogers Communication Centre (RCC) and Computing and Communications Services (CCS) to promote digital media usage to faculty for use in classroom teaching. It was originally located within the RCC. Around 2000, the RCC withdrew from the joint DMP initiative and CCS became the sole supporter. At this point, the DMP was moved from the RCC to it's current location in CCS within the Library Building. (e-mail message, J. Hajdu to O.Wong, 8Jan18) File contains colour negatives of the Ryerson Polytechnical Institute's Centre for Advanced Technology Education opening ceremony. Images include various facutly, staff and students at various locations on campus. Some or all of these records may be subject to FIPPA and/or copyright reproduction restrictions. Please contact the Archives for more information. Ryerson Media Centre (Creator)	cc/2020-05/en_head_0067.json.gz/line513
__label__wiki	0.543196	0.543196	University Archives Holdings Business Economics Department Horace M. Gray Papers Horace M. Gray Papers, 1921-1980 \| University of Illinois Archives Title: Horace M. Gray Papers, 1921-1980 Series Number: 9/5/22 Volume: 23.0 cubic feet Arrangement of First Accesion: The first accession in the 1960s was organized as follows: (1) Administrative (1929-1962) arranged chronologically; (2) Governmental Activities (1942-1965) arranged chronologically; (3), Professional and Personal Material (1927-1966) arranged chronologically; (4) Manuscripts and Publications (1921-1966) arranged chronologically. Arrangement of Second Accession: The second accession from 2015 is organized into 6 series (arranged by the University Archives, Midwestern State University, Texas): Series 1: Personal Material contains personal materials including an autobiography, University of Illinois faculty and committee assignments, fliers, and ledger books and correspondence for Volunteers for Stevenson-Kefauver. Files were arranged by the University Archives, Midwestern State University, Texas. Series 2: Correspondence and Professional Papers contains correspondence files and papers about educational institutions and journals. These include correspondence from Economic Issues, the Judson King Foundation, and the University of Illinois. Files were arranged by the University Archives, Midwestern State University, Texas. Series 3: Lecture Notes contains Professor Gray's lecture notes covering monopoly, economic power, economic issues, regulation, government and business relations, and landscape architecture among others. Files were arranged by the University Archives, Midwestern State University, Texas. Series 4: Manuscripts and Publications contains book and article reviews, and speeches by Horace Gray on topics such as public utilities, monopolies, the American enterprise system, antitrust policies, power production, economic power, public regulation, and investments. Files were arranged by the University Archives, Midwestern State University, Texas. Series 5: Conferences and Talks contains materials related to conferences Gray attended as well as his presentations and those by other scholars. These meetings discuss economic and social issues such as public utilities, business, education, taxation, rural electrification, economic power, and the League of Women Voters. This series is arranged chronologically. Series 6: Congressional Hearings contains records from congressional hearings and committees. Horace Gray testified at some of the hearings; also included are his notes. Materials are arranged by U. S. Senate, U. S. House of Representatives, and U. S. Congress and chronologically within. Gray, Horace M. (Horace Montgomery) (1898-1986) HORACE M. GRAY (1898-1986) Horace M. Gray (1898-1986) was a professor of economics at University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign from 1927 to 1966. He was a researcher of economic policies focusing particularly on public utilities, monopolies, and government business regulations. He also testified in congressional committee hearings. Detailed Biography: Horace Montgomery Gray (1898-1986), was born in Lerna, Illinois, on June 29, 1898. After attending Eastern Illinois State Teacher's College (presently known as Eastern Illinois State University) and serving in the Navy (1918-1919), Gray received his Bachelor's degree at the University of Illinois at Urbana Champaign in 1922. He then completed a Master's and Doctorate degree in Economics by 1926. Gray began as a full-time instructor and researcher in the Department of Economics at UIUC in 1927. By 1946, he had advanced to Full Professor and retired in June 1966. In his classes and research he focused on topics such as transportation, public utilities, finance, taxation, monopolies, government regulation of business, antitrust policies, and natural resources. He also taught at the University of Colorado in the summer of 1936 and at Michigan State University in the summer of 1956. Gray published books, articles, and book reviews, including popular reviews in The Progressive and a co-authored book, Monopoly in America: The Government as Promoter (1955). In addition to teaching and research, he served as the Assistant and Associate Dean of the Graduate College (1938-1948). Gray served on academic, professional, and government committees and organizations such as the American Association of University Professors, the American Economic Association, Midwest Economics Association (President, 1956), the Institute of Labor and Industrial Relations (Director, 1947-1948) and the National War Labor Board. Most notable, Professor Gray testified in congressional committee hearings such as the House Select Committee on Small Business, House Public Works Committee, Senate Judiciary Committee: Subcommittee on Antitrust and Monopoly, and Joint Economic Committee. After his retirement in 1966, Gray moved to Texas where he worked as a Research Analyst for the Texas State Coordinating Board of Higher Education and a visiting instructor at Midwestern University, teaching business and government courses. Horace Gray died on December 1, 1986. Faculty Papers Federal Power Commission Labor and Industrial Relations, Institute of Midwest Economics Association Monopolies War Labor Board Archives Research Center, 1707 S. Orchard Box 1-15 Offsite: Prior notice required Box 16-39 Email us about these papers \| Print this information Papers include personal materials, correspondence and professional papers, class lecture notes, publications, conferences and talks relating to economic and social issues, and congressional committee hearings records and notes. The second accession from 2015 is organized into 6 series (arranged by the University Archives, Midwestern State University, Texas): Series 1 Personal Material; Series 2, Correspondence and Professional Papers; Series 3, Lecture Notes; Series 4, Manuscripts and Publications; Series 5, Conferences and Talks, arranged chronologically; and Series 6, Congressional Hearings, arranged by U. S. Senate, U. S. House of Representatives, and U. S. Congress and chronologically within.	cc/2020-05/en_head_0067.json.gz/line514
__label__wiki	0.92699	0.92699	Archaeology work by UO's Erlandson wins special honor April 4, 2017 - 5:00am For many people, a visit to the Pacific Coast is all about recreation. Not so for UO archaeologist Jon Erlandson, who’s conducted research at coastal sites for almost four decades. His years of work have paid off. Erlandson, honored with a special achievement award from the Society for California Archaeology, has helped change the way we think about the peopling of the Americas. Erlandson, who holds a Philip H. Knight Professorship and serves as the executive director of the Museum of Natural and Cultural History, is internationally known for his “kelp highway” hypothesis. That theory challenges the long-held view that the first Americans walked across the Bering land bridge and points to evidence that the earliest migrations were by maritime people who followed a Pacific Rim route from Northeast Asia to California and South America. “Jon is the primary figure who brought this coastal migration theory into the mainstream,” said Torben Rick, curator of North American archaeology at the Smithsonian National Museum of Natural History, who along with San Diego State University archaeologist Todd Braje nominated Erlandson for the 2017 Martin Baumhoff Special Achievement Award. The award was presented at the Society for California Archaeology’s annual conference at Yosemite’s Tenaya Lodge. It recognizes Erlandson’s contributions to California archaeology and his pivotal role in shaping prevailing theories about the first Americans. It also recognizes his research on the historical ecology of California’s Channel Islands, which has revealed that human-driven environmental change began thousands of years ago — much earlier than commonly thought. Erlandson has drawn from that research to help the Nature Conservancy and the National Park Service develop resource management plans for the Channel Islands. “Jon’s record of research in California archaeology is truly second to none,” Rick said. “This well-deserved award honors his excellent scholarship, as well as his many years of working with California’s Native American communities to understand, protect and preserve the state’s human and environmental history.” Erlandson’s contributions, Braje said, include a long record of mentoring others and promoting greater diversity within the discipline. “He has been an amazing teacher to the next generation of archaeologists and anthropologists, including many women, Native American and Latino scholars.” The Society for California Archaeology is a nonprofit scientific and educational organization dedicated to research, understanding, interpretation and conservation of California’s heritage. It is one of the largest archaeological societies in the country. Society president Jelmer Eerkens said that Erlandson is a champion of the archaeological record in California. “He is recognized internationally for his strong ecological and scientific approach to reconstructing and understanding the past. His passion and leadership in archaeology have been an inspiration to a generation of students. The Society for California Archaeology is proud to recognize him with the 2017 Martin A. Baumhoff award.” —By Kristin Strommer, Museum of Natural and Cultural History Lundquist College of Business Robert D. Clark Honors College Proposals due March 30 for annual Graduate Research Forum Exploring the life of the blind through multimedia storytelling UO chemist helps find path to consistently good espresso Grad student's board game helps teach climate change Six UO researchers awarded data science seed funding grants All Academics and Research Feb 1 to Feb 28 Campus and community honor Black History Month in February Feb 4 Speaker to discuss technology's effect on discrimination Feb 5 Feb. 5 event kicks off UO’s involvement in the Year of Water More Campus Events Around the O is the UO’s go-to place for information about the university, its people and the difference they make in Oregon and around the world. We bring stories of the university’s groundbreaking research and world-class faculty and students to the broadest possible audience, while also serving as the hub for news, announcements and information of interest to the campus community.	cc/2020-05/en_head_0067.json.gz/line517
__label__wiki	0.786293	0.786293	Andrew Nelson offers a disclaimer to his new MBA students: none of his academic credentials are in business. Instead, his diverse degrees in science, technology, music, economics, engineering, and social history inform his interdisciplinary teaching philosophy. Nelson applies those same interdisciplinary principles to his positions as academic director for the Lundquist Center for Entrepreneurship and executive director of Eugene-Springfield’s Regional Accelerator and Innovation Network. In his view, entrepreneurship includes identifying social or environmental problems and finding creative solutions, and is most effective when elements of business, science, or engineering are blended with humanistic and social science. “You can’t just build a piece of technology without thinking how it’s going to be used or who is going to use it,” he says. When chemists at the UO needed the perspective of a social scientist to help them understand the new field of sustainable chemistry, Nelson collaborated with them on an award-winning paper. Likewise, drawing from his music background, Nelson is currently exploring the resurgence of vinyl records and 1970s synthesizers among millennials. The “fallacy of substitution” is that although records were replaced by MP3s, digital technology can’t replace the tactile experience. “The secondary factors—the feel of the record, reading the liner notes, or going into a record store—are not at all substituted. People are recognizing that, wait a minute, there’s something to that experience.” “When two partners always agree, one of them is not necessary” is a famous Dale Carnegie quote Nelson often shares with his students to break them of the idea that there’s only one right answer. “Nothing can be further from the truth for a lot of the complicated issues we wrestle with,” he says, “but the point of it is to hear different perspectives and to not necessarily arrive at agreement, but arrive at understanding.” BACH IN TIME According to Nelson, who is trained as a classical organist, the pipe organ was the most technologically advanced creation of its time. He once traveled all the way to Cappel, a tiny town in the very northern part of Germany, to play an organ from Johann Sebastian Bach’s Baroque period. “I spent three weeks there just to play music.” $5 RED HOT CHILI PEPPER In his entrepreneurship classes, Nelson encourages students to act creatively by giving teams five dollars to turn into more “value.” One innovative team purchased a hot chili pepper, auctioned off the rights to force one team member to eat it, and gave the proceeds to Food for Lane County. The result: a $271 donation and a lesson in finding opportunities in common resources. BURGERS VERSUS BOOKS Feeling overwhelmed in a new environment and lacking a clear direction, Nelson dropped out of Stanford University his sophomore year and returned to his small hometown in Montana, where he spent a year working at a local McDonald's. “It was a humbling experience, but it made me realize I wanted to get back into school.” THE SOUNDS OF INNOVATION In his book The Sound of Innovation: Stanford and the Computer Music Revolution, Nelson traces the beginnings of the innovative work of a group of renegade musicians and computer engineers at Stanford who came together to create digital music in the 1960s, laying the groundwork for today’s digital music and media libraries as well as music services such as Spotify and Pandora.	cc/2020-05/en_head_0067.json.gz/line518
__label__cc	0.588765	0.411235	The Race To Self Driving Cars December 13, 2019 In-Depth DiscussionsArtificial Intelligence, Consumer Technology Association, Self-Driving cars, Technologybetterbusiness It wasn’t too long ago that people were fixated by the Jetson cartoon, watching in awe at the possibility of a futuristic lifestyle filled with flying vehicles and automated machines. Little did we know that innovators were already in motion towards making autonomous vehicles a reality. The earliest concepts for self-driving vehicles began taking root in the 1980s. Ever since then, it’s been nothing but progress for this fascinating development. Recently, we had the pleasure of sitting down with Jamie Boone, Senior Director of Government Affairs, with the Consumer Technology Association (CES) for our podcast, Driving Into the Future. She led us in a thought-provoking discussion around the history of self-driving cars and the benefits of this breakthrough technology. Jamie also delved into consumer insights, government policies, and what we can expect to see for the future of autonomous vehicles. Jamie’s history lesson of this world-changing innovation includes the role of the Defense Advanced Research Projects Agency (DARPA). It has been a catalyst for the wave of advances made in the past 15 years. This agency invests in breakthrough technologies for the benefit of national security. When they first began on their path of discovery for autonomous vehicles, they were on a mission to provide better protection for US military soldiers. Instead of employing the typical defense contractors for this pivotal project, DARPA decided to take a brand new approach. Like something from a Hollywood movie, in 2004, they hosted a race in the Mojave Desert called the Grand Challenge. Anyone and everyone could enter. It was a 142-mile course with a $1 million prize for the winner. The fifteen entrants ran the gamut of backgrounds, including innovators, engineers, students, programmers, off-road racers, and backyard mechanics, all hoping to claim stake as pioneers in this discovery. Unlike a picture-perfect ending you would expect from a movie, there turned out to be no winners in this first go-round. This was just the beginning of the autonomous car gold-rush. The Grand Challenge had sparked the fires of innovation. Riding this momentum, DARPA immediately announced they would host another Grand Challenge in 2005. Word must’ve gotten around about what they were doing because this time, they had 195 entrants. The race was held in Southern Nevada with a 132-mile course. Five teams victoriously completed the route. Stanford University’s “Stanley” claimed the $2 million prize with a winning time of six hours and fifty-three minutes. The third pinnacle event that drove this innovative force would be DARPA’s Urban Challenge of 2007. It’s one thing to have a self-driving vehicle that can handle the wide-open spaces of the desert. It’s a whole other thing to be able to respond to the unpredictable variables of busy urban life. The challenge was to see who could create an autonomous vehicle that could navigate the complexities of city roadways while complying with traffic regulations. Six out of the eleven teams completed the course, with Carnegie Mellon University’s Tartan Racing Team winning the prize. These three major events were what sparked the rapid development and deployment of autonomous cars. The industry is forecasted to be worth a whopping $557 billion by 2026. Anyone who has a hand in the auto industry is clamoring to get a piece of this pie. New players like Waymo and Uber are directly linked back to the DARPA challenges. Every automaker is currently working on developing their best version of a self-driving vehicle. You can see self-driving cars in action in major cities like Las Vegas, Boston, and San Francisco. For more intriguing insights on this captivating technology, listen to our podcast with Jamie Boone of CES. The Jeston reality is coming sooner than we think! ← What Do You Need Most to Attract & Keep Top Talent? A Conscience. Consumer Review Fairness Act Protects Businesses and Customers →	cc/2020-05/en_head_0067.json.gz/line532
__label__wiki	0.571772	0.571772	by hist-ad-min \| Sep 1, 2019 \| Events What Happened to the Other Guests? As we conclude our story of the Great Olive Poisoning of 1919, we return once again to the retelling of the story by William H. Morgan, who later became the President of Morgan Engineering in Alliance, Ohio. He wrote this history of the events in the form of a letter to Harriet Clem, Director of Rodman Public Library, in 1982. It is available online through Alliance Memory, a collection of over 8,000 images and documents about Alliance, Ohio. You can find it here: https://www.alliancememory.org/digital/collection/voices/id/110/rec/3 What of the future of the guests at the Gahris dinner party? Three or four years later Bill Gahris died suddenly and unexpectedly on a train en route to New York on business. Gretchen Gahris is now Mrs. J. Harrison Keller of Alliance. Soon after the loss of her husband, Emily Weybrecht sold their home and moved to Seward, Alaska where she kept house for her bachelor brother, Cal Brosius. She died there some years later. Sharer Memorial in Alliance City Cemetery My first cousin, Ann Sharer, now Mrs. Warren C. Flynn, a widow, has lived in St. Louis for many years. We keep in touch. I had a telephone conversation with her several weeks ago. Lou Brush became very successful in the newspaper business. Not long after, he formed the Brush-Moore chain in association with two of his friends. In addition to The Salem News, which he owned, other papers were purchased including the East Liverpool paper, The Marion Star, and The Canton Repository. Lou died suddenly while attending the Republican National Convention in 1948. Maude Brush continued to live in their home in Salem until her death in the late 1950s. She never lost her engaging personality nor her sense of humor. Fred Morris later became President and Chairman of the Board of The Morgan Engineering Company. He died in 1948. Ella Morris was probably the last survivor of the Gahris dinner party. She lived until the late 1960s. Dr. Sanford later remarried and practiced in Alliance during the 1920s. I believe that he died during the 1930s. Clem, Mary and their daughter Jean Bates moved to California a few years later after the Buckeye Jack plant was closed. I have lost all track of them. Father [Col. Morgan] died in 1928. Mother [Annette Sharer Morgan] continued to live in our old home until she sold it to the Elks in 1939. She then moved to Cleveland where she lived in the Moreland Courts apartment on Shaver Boulevard until her death in 1960. She never tasted another ripe olive after the Gahris party, nor could I blame her. Dr. John Phillips died from toxic smoke inhalation during the disastrous fire at the Cleveland Clinic in May 1929. Yes I eat ripe olives. I believe with modern safeguards the chance of botulism is very remote. Nevertheless outbreaks do occur from time to time. A few years ago botulism was traced to Vichyssoise soup bearing the label of Bon Vivant. The adverse publicity and the following suits put the company out of business. A few weeks ago bacillus botulinus was found in canned salmon from two Alaskan canneries. Apparently a malfunction of the machinery caused minute holes to be punched in some of the cans. The lesson to be learned is that although rare, botulism still remains an insidious and deadly killer. I hope that whoever reads this narrative will gain a knowledge of not only the facts but also of the people involved in the olive poisoning tragedy of 1919. William H. Morgan We hope you have enjoyed reading this account of one of the most tragic events in Alliance’s history. To help us with further projects like this one and to stay informed of our activities, we ask that you consider becoming a member of the Alliance Historical Society. Memberships begin at just $15 per year and can be paid through PayPal or by credit card. Memberships help to fund research projects, protect our archival materials, and maintain the Mabel Hartzell Historical Home.	cc/2020-05/en_head_0067.json.gz/line538
__label__cc	0.744981	0.255019	Beege and Peege Meet Beege & Peege The Journey of Beege and Peege In 2010, Beege met Peege randomly at Peege's West Seattle X Gym and became instant friends. Shortly thereafter, realizing they had many goals and interests in common, they started dating and fell in love. Beege was passionate about learning how to get healthier and leaner, so she asked Peege for help, which started their journey together. After they perfected Beege's ideal health plan, people started noticing their success and started to ask questions. Those questions became more frequent over the months and years, especially about how to get the results Beege was accomplishing through her new exercise and nutrition habits. This led Beege and Peege to develop more recipes that were delicious, sugar-free, gluten-free, healthy and fat-burning, culminating in many of the recipes on hardbodcafe.com. Because of this journey, Beege developed a passion for healthy cooking, innovating and inventing new quick and easy recipes. People saw her creativity and gift for innovation and started sending her their favorite unhealthy recipes, asking her how to convert them into healthy recipes. Beege discovered that she was exceptionally gifted in this niche and became even more passionate, fueled by the discovery of this new talent she never realized she had. As Beege continued to create amazing recipes and food combinations, she rapidly developed a following of people enthusiastically embracing her concepts and ideas. No one could believe how healthy and lean Beege and Peege were, eating all these delicious recipes Beege had created. They also couldn't believe how fit they were, exercising less than 1 hour per week, using the unique exercise methods Peege had developed for his X Gym members. People were stunned to learn that Beege's recipes were so easy, a 5-year-old could do it. People were also thrilled that they take 75% less time than most conventional recipes and they cost about 1/2 the price! PJ has voraciously researched the fields of exercise and health science since 1987, passing along what he discovered through his newsletter to his X Gym members, but teaming up with Beege's promotional talents, her rapidly growing following, and his already established members, proved to be a winning combination indeed. They realized that combining forces even more, with their own website and co-brand would help them drastically increase their reach and affect many more people than they could do individually. This aligned with their shared mission to help millions of people get healthier and fitter while saving time and money. More about Beege: Beege is a fun-loving, charismatic, outgoing and an adventure seeking go-getter. She sets her goals high and aims for the sky. Her deep passion and desire to help others has always been a huge part of who she is. Beege’s quest to seek optimal health began in 2011 when she became serious about trying to find a cure for her chronic stomach pains and digestive issues. After seeing doctors, nutritionists, etc. she embarked down a path that would change her life forever. The results from a food sensitivity test showed she was sensitive to gluten and several other staple foods she’d been eating regularly. Needless to say, she was crushed. She went gluten-free and sugar-free. She started to feel better but her journey was far from over. She started gaining weight and couldn’t understand why. After years of trying what seemed to be everything and with her weight still fluctuating she started living the ketogenic lifestyle in 2014. Within a few months, she started to lose weight proving this particular lifestyle worked for her unique physiology. Within a year she had dropped to her optimal weight and has maintained a healthy weight since. This is where her love, joy and passion for cooking and baking truly gluten and sugar-free food began. It has become her mission to spread the word about how easy it is to make delicious tasting recipes quickly and help people in their quests to live a happier and healthier life. She lives in Kirkland, WA. When she’s not in the kitchen creating and developing healthy and delicious recipes, you can find her working out at the X Gym, traveling, tower running, volunteering, salsa dancing, skiing, hanging out with family and friends and most importantly, spending quality time with her Peege. More about Peege: Peege is an inventor/innovator by day and a researcher by night. His introverted brain type loves to dive into the science on exercise, physiology, nutrition and the brain. Peege started his fitness journey in high school because he was one of the "skinny kids" and wanted to get stronger and more "buffed." He discovered over the next couple years that his genetics would never allow him to achieve the muscle size of a bodybuilder, so he switched his focus to fitness instead. He then learned the practicality of this goal over bodybuilding and how that could create optimal health for himself as well as others. With this new focus on optimal health and fitness, Peege earned his degree in Exercise Science at Seattle Pacific University and then began training his own clients, mostly out of their homes. One of the things Peege discovered in school was the fact that traditional exercise methods were severely outdated - some by over 100 years. Peege decided to use his love of research to find new and better ways to exercise, starting with solutions to the three main problems of traditional training: 1. It takes too much time. 2. It has a relatively high injury rate. 3. It bulks people up (because most people nowadays - both men and women - want to be toned and defined, instead of significantly bigger). Using research studies to spark ideas for experiments and his own clients as test subjects, Peege created a methodology so effective, safe and efficient, that his client base grew to such an extent, that he had to scale himself. He opened the Seattle X Gym in 1998, then another in 2004 and has since grown and expanded both gyms. His trainers now do most of the training, so he is able to continue his research and experimentation to keep improving his methods and develop new and even more effective ideas and concepts. Since most of Peege's clients are looking to lose weight and get healthier, his focus has been on exercise and nutrition over the years. He discovered that focusing on health first makes it much easier to achieve fitness, instead of focusing is mostly on losing weight. When the body gets healthy, the weight comes off naturally and effortlessly, but most importantly, it says off! When Peege's mom was diagnosed with Alzheimer's disease in the year 2000, he added brain science to his research interests. As he learned more about the brain, he found many correlations between health and fitness that could improve his program drastically. He learned about habit formation, breaking negative patterns, and developed specific techniques to literally rewire the brain to think like a fit, healthy person, making health and fitness easier to achieve and more permanent. Peege has worked hard to get the word out by hosting his own radio call-in talk show, authoring numerous magazine and newspaper articles, co-authoring several books, and writing his own book, "Cracking Your Calorie Code" to spread what he has learned, to help as many people as possible. Now, with the help of Beege, they are taking the good news to the masses, helping even more people on their mission to help millions! Peege's journey to optimal health took him 20 years as he learned everything for himself along the way. He helped Beege do it in just 4 years, and now, as a team, with their combined talents and passion, Beege and Peege are helping others reach their optimal health in just months! They have done all the hard stuff already, so the people they help don't have to! Peege lives in Kirkland, WA. When he's not studying health, brain and fitness science, running experiments, writing, or blogging and vlogging on xgym.com and pjfit.com, you can find him working out at the X Gym, traveling, tower running, flying small planes, skiing, hanging out with family and friends and most importantly, spending quality time with his Beege. Sign up to get on the A-List! Advance notice of new recipes, tools, and tips Alerts to beta testing opportunities Announcements prior to public notification Put me on the "A" List!	cc/2020-05/en_head_0067.json.gz/line545
__label__cc	0.598587	0.401413	Meet FMBC About FMBC Our Pastor Emeritus FMBC Staff Ministries & Outreach The Nehemiah Project Curative Conversations Group Music, Arts & Worship Scholarship Ministry FMBC Calendar CrossTalk! Church News FMBC Live! Take a ‘Quick Minute’ FMBC Mobile New Dawn Vallejo Late Night Basketball Summer of Success Reverend Danté R. Quick, Ph.D. On Sunday, August 1, 2010, Reverend Danté R. Quick began his pastoral ministry at Friendship Missionary Baptist Church. One year later, on August 7, 2011, he was installed as Senior Pastor. Since his arrival, the church has had extraordinary growth both spiritually and numerically. Only eight weeks into his tenure, Reverend Quick and the Friendship family were featured on the front page of the Times-Herald as “one of the largest African-American congregations in Vallejo.” Pastor Quick was born and reared in Washington, D.C. He relocated to Atlanta to attend Morehouse College where he received a Bachelor of Arts Degree in Political Science with a concentration in Pre-law. While at Morehouse, he was one of the first recipients of the William H. Cosby Grant for Landmark College’s gifted-dyslexic student program. Pastor Quick accepted his call to ministry under the Pastorate of the Reverend Dr. Aaron L. Parker of the Zion Hill Baptist Church in Atlanta, Georgia. In response to his commitment to serve God, Pastor Quick received a Master of Divinity with a concentration in Theology from Princeton Theological Seminary in Princeton, New Jersey. He was the recipient of the Jean Anne Swope and James L. Mechem Prize in Christian Ethics. He served as the President of the Association of Black Seminarians, an organization that represents all Princeton seminarians of the African Diaspora. Pastor Quick also served on numerous student/faculty committees and as a Graduate Chaplain for the African-American students at Princeton University. Pastor Quick published his first article entitled, “The Relevance of Race,” in The Princeton Theological Review and is a contributor to The African-American Lectionary. Pastor Quick has served both the church and the academy in several capacities. In 2006, he was called to serve New Liberation Presbyterian Church in San Francisco which experienced phenomenal growth in attendance and internal love. In addition, Pastor Quick served as a Policy Analyst for ITC/Faithfactor, a Presidential Initiative of the Interdenominational Theological Center in Atlanta, Georgia. In that capacity, he developed and delivered training materials and programs to aid African-American churches and leaders in engaging in community development programming. Secularly, Pastor Quick has served in the offices of Mayor Marion Barry, Congressman John Lewis and Governor Zell Miller. He also served as the Legislative Representative for the Atlanta Board of Education. In these capacities he has addressed audiences at the National Conference of Black Mayors, The World Conference of Mayors and the National Conference of Black Men. He also served as the Special Programs Administrator for the Fulton County District Attorney in Atlanta, Georgia. Pastor Quick relocated to the Bay area to pursue a Ph.D. in Philosophical and Systematic Theology at the Graduate Theological Union, as well as African-American Studies. Upon his acceptance, he was awarded the President’s Award and the William Randolph Hearst Scholarship. His studies are focused on the theology of Howard Thurman and the political philosophy of Ralph Bunche en route to the construction of an African-American political theology. He was the first appointed Howard Washington Thurman Teaching Fellow at the American Baptist Seminary of the West where he was responsible for teaching Constructive and Systematic Theology and Ethics. Pastor Quick was also one of only twelve Ph.D. students selected as a Walbash/Teagle Religious Educator Fellow at the Graduate Theological Union. He also served as the student representative to the Graduate Theological Union Board of Trustees. On September 8th, 2017, Reverend Quick was conferred with his Ph.D. in Philosophical and Systematic Theology with a focus on African American Studies from the Graduate Theological Union, University of California at Berkeley. Rev. Dr. Quick is the proud parent of Alexander Danté and Kennedy Danielle. CCB Login Friendship Missionary Baptist Church 1905 Florida Street info@befmbc.org Sunday Worship8:00AM & 11:00AMBible StudyTuesdays – 10:00AMPastor’s Bible Study – Wednesdays – 7:00PM Copyright ©2017Friendship Missionary Baptist Church	cc/2020-05/en_head_0067.json.gz/line546
__label__wiki	0.899055	0.899055	Dean R. Koontz (1945–) Biography Personal, Addresses, Career, Honors Awards, Writings, Adaptations, Work in Progress, Sidelights (David Axton, Brian Coffey, Deanna Dwyer, K.R. Dwyer, John Hill, Leigh Nichols, Anthony North, Richard Paige, Owen West) Born 1945, in Everett, PA; married Gerda Ann Cerra, October 15, 1966. Agent—Robert Gottlieb, Trident Media Group, 488 Madison Ave., 17th Fl., New York, NY 10022. Teacher-counselor with Appalachian Poverty Program, 1966–67; high school English teacher, 1967–69; writer, 1969–. Atlantic Monthly college creative writing award, 1966, for story "The Kittens"; Hugo Award nomination, World Science Fiction Convention, 1971, for novella Beastchild; Litt.D., Shippensburg State College, 1989. Oddkins: A Fable for All Ages, illustrated by Phil Parks, Warner (New York, NY), 1988. Santa's Twin, illustrated by Phil Parks, HarperPrism (New York, NY), 1996. The Paper Doorway: Funny Verse and Nothing Worse, illustrated by Phil Parks, HarperCollins (New York, NY), 2001. Every Day's a Holiday, illustrated by Phil Parks, HarperCollins (New York, NY), 2003. Robot Santa: The Further Adventures of Santa's Twin, HarperCollins (New York, NY), 2004. Star Quest, Ace Books (New York, NY), 1968. The Fall of the Dream Machine, Ace Books (New York, NY), 1969. Fear That Man, Ace Books (New York, NY), 1969. Anti-Man, Paperback Library (New York, NY), 1970. Beastchild, Lancer Books (New York, NY), 1970. Dark of the Woods, Ace Books (New York, NY), 1970. The Dark Symphony, Lancer Books (New York, NY), 1970. Hell's Gate, Lancer Books (New York, NY), 1970. The Crimson Witch, Curtis Books (New York, NY), 1971. A Darkness in My Soul, DAW Books (New York, NY), 1972. The Flesh in the Furnace, Bantam (New York, NY), 1972. Starblood, Lancer Books (New York, NY), 1972. Time Thieves, Ace Books (New York, NY), 1972. Warlock, Lancer Books (New York, NY), 1972. A Werewolf among Us, Ballantine (New York, NY), 1973. Hanging On, M. Evans (New York, NY), 1973. The Haunted Earth, Lancer Books (New York, NY), 1973. Demon Seed, Bantam (New York, NY), 1973. (Under pseudonym Anthony North) Strike Deep, Dial (New York, NY), 1974. After the Last Race, Atheneum (New York, NY), 1974. Nightmare Journey, Putnam (New York, NY), 1975. (Under pseudonym John Hill) The Long Sleep, Popular Library (New York, NY), 1975. Night Chills, Atheneum (New York, NY), 1976. (Under pseudonym David Axton) Prison of Ice, Lippincott (Philadelphia), 1976, revised edition under name Dean R. Koontz published as Icebound (also see below), Ballantine (New York, NY), 1995. The Vision (also see below), Putnam (New York, NY), 1977. Whispers (also see below), Putnam (New York, NY), 1980. Phantoms (also see below), Putnam (New York, NY), 1983. Darkfall (also see below), Berkley (New York, NY), 1984, published as Darkness Comes, W. H. Allen (London, England), 1984. Twilight Eyes, Land of Enchantment (Westland, MI), 1985. (Under pseudonym Richard Paige) The Door to December, New American Library (New York, NY), 1985. Strangers (also see below), Putnam (New York, NY), 1986. Watchers (also see below), Putnam (New York, NY), 1987, reprinted, Berkley Books (New York, NY), 2003. Lightning (also see below), Putnam (New York, NY), 1988, reprinted, Berkley Books (New York, NY), 2003. Midnight, Putnam (New York, NY), 1989, reprinted, Berkley Books (New York, NY), 2004. The Bad Place (also see below), Putnam (New York, NY), 1990, with a new afterword, 2004. Cold Fire (also see below), Putnam (New York, NY), 1991, with a new afterword, 2004. Three Complete Novels: Dean R. Koontz: The Servants of Twilight; Darkfall; Phantoms, Wings Books (New York, NY), 1991. Hideaway (also see below), Putnam (New York, NY), 1992. Dragon Tears (also see below), Berkley (New York, NY), 1992, published in a limited edition, Putnam (New York, NY), 1993. Dean R. Koontz: A New Collection (contains Watchers, Whispers, and Shattered [originally published under pseudonym K.R. Dwyer; also see below]), Wings Books (New York, NY), 1992. Mr. Murder (also see below), Putnam (New York, NY), 1993. Winter Moon, Ballantine (New York, NY), 1993. Three Complete Novels: Lightning; The Face of Fear; The Vision (The Face of Fear originally published under pseudonym Brian Coffey), Putnam (New York, NY), 1993. Three Complete Novels: Dean Koontz: Strangers; The Voice of the Night; The Mask (The Voice of the Night originally published under pseudonym Brian Coffey; The Mask originally published under pseudonym Owen West), Putnam (New York, NY), 1994. Dark Rivers of the Heart (also see below), Knopf (New York, NY), 1994. Strange Highways (also see below), Warner Books (New York, NY), 1995. Intensity (also see below), Knopf (New York, NY), 1995. TickTock, Ballantine (New York, NY), 1996. Three Complete Novels (contains The House of Thunder, Shadowfires, and Midnight), Putnam (New York, NY), 1996. Sole Survivor, Ballantine (New York, NY), 1997. Fear Nothing, Bantam (New York, NY), 1998. Seize the Night (sequel to Fear Nothing), Bantam Doubleday Dell (New York, NY), 1999. False Memory, Bantam (New York, NY), 2000. From the Corner of His Eye, Bantam (New York, NY), 2000. The Book of Counted Sorrows (e-book), bn.com, 2001. One Door away from Heaven, Bantam (New York, NY), 2002. By the Light of the Moon, Bantam (New York, NY), 2003. The Face, Bantam (New York, NY), 2003. Odd Thomas, Bantam (New York, NY), 2004. The Taking, Bantam (New York, NY), 2004. Life Expectancy, Bantam (New York, NY), 2004. Velocity, Bantam (New York, NY), 2005. (With Kevin J. Anderson) Dean Koontz's Frankenstein: Prodigal Son, Bantam (New York, NY), 2005. UNDER PSEUDONYM BRIAN COFFEY Blood Risk, Bobbs-Merrill (Indianapolis, IN), 1973. Surrounded, Bobbs-Merrill (Indianapolis, IN), 1974. The Wall of Masks, Bobbs-Merrill Indianapolis, IN), 1975. The Face of Fear, Bobbs-Merrill (Indianapolis, IN), 1977. The Voice of the Night, Doubleday (New York, NY), 1981. Also author of script for CHiPS television series, 1978. UNDER PSEUDONYM DEANNA DWYER The Demon Child, Lancer Books (New York, NY), 1971. Legacy of Terror, Lancer Books (New York, NY), 1971. Children of the Storm, Lancer Books (New York, NY), 1972. The Dark of Summer, Lancer Books (New York, NY), 1972. Dance with the Devil, Lancer Books (New York, NY), 1973. UNDER PSEUDONYM K.R. DWYER Chase (also see below), Random House (New York, NY), 1972. Shattered (also see below), Random House (New York, NY), 1973. Dragonfly, Random House (New York, NY), 1975. UNDER PSEUDONYM LEIGH NICHOLS The Key to Midnight, Pocket Books (New York, NY), 1979. The Eyes of Darkness, Pocket Books (New York, NY), 1981. The House of Thunder, Pocket Books (New York, NY), 1982. Twilight, Pocket Books, 1984, revised edition published under name Dean R. Koontz as The Servants of Twilight, Berkley (New York, NY), 1990. Shadowfires, Avon (New York, NY), 1987. UNDER PSEUDONYM OWEN WEST (With wife, Gerda Koontz) The Pig Society (nonfiction), Aware Press (Granada Hills, CA), 1970. (With Gerda Koontz) The Underground Lifestyles Handbook, Aware Press (Granada Hills, CA), 1970. Soft Come the Dragons (story collection), Ace Books (New York, NY), 1970. Writing Popular Fiction, Writer's Digest (Cincinnati, OH), 1973. The Funhouse (novelization of screenplay), Jove (New York, NY), 1980. The Mask, Jove (New York, NY), 1981. How to Write Best-selling Fiction, Writer's Digest (Cincinnati, OH), 1981. (Author of text) David Robinson, Beautiful Death: Art of the Cemetery, Penguin Studio (New York, NY), 1996. ("Editor") Life Is Good!: Lessons in Joyful Living, by Trixie Koontz, Dog, Yorkville Press (New York, NY), 2004. Contributor to books, including Infinity 3, edited by Robert Haskins, Lancer Books, 1972; Again, Dangerous Visions, edited by Harlan Ellison, Doubleday, 1972; Final Stage, edited by Edward L. Ferman and Barry N. Malzberg, Charterhouse, 1974; Night Visions IV, Dark Harvest, 1987; Stalkers: All New Tales of Terror and Suspense, edited by Ed Gorman and Martin H. Greenberg, illustrated by Paul Sonju, Dark Harvest, 1989; and Night Visions VI: The Bone Yard, Berkley, 1991. Demon Seed was filmed by Metro-Goldwyn-Mayer/Warner Bros., 1977; Shattered was filmed by Warner Bros., 1977; Watchers was filmed by Universal, 1988; Hideaway was filmed by Tri-Star, starring Jeff Goldblum, 1994; Mr. Murder was filmed by Patchett Kaufman Entertainment/Elephant Walk Entertainment, 1999. Many of Koontz's works were recorded unabridged on audiocassette, including Cold Fire, Hideaway, and The Bad Place, Reader's Chair (Hollister, CA), 1991; Mr. Murder and Dragon Tears, Simon and Schuster Audio; Dark Rivers of the Heart, Icebound, and Intensity, Random House Audio; and Strange Highways and Chase, Warner Audio. More novels in the "Frankenstein" series. Popular among both adult and teen readers, Dean R. Koontz is an acknowledged master of a hybrid class of books that combine suspense, horror, romance, and science fiction. His more than seventy books have sold in the millions and have been adapted for such successful movies as Demon Seed, Watchers, and Shattered. Though often dubbed a horror novelist, Koontz himself rejects such labels and views his own work as basically optimistic, showing hard-fought battles between good and evil. A favorite Koontz theme is the conflict between emotion and reason, and the emotional level of his books—a step beyond the usual plot-heavy nature of much of the genre—has gained him the respect of many critics. According to Charles de Lint, writing in the Magazine of Fantasy and Science Fiction, Koontz consistently succeeds at "telling a harrowing, highly suspenseful story featuring quick-witted protagonists who face the world with a positive attitude and exchange rapid-fire dialogue." "I have attempted, book by book, to speak to the reader's intellect and emotions as well as to his desire for a 'good read'," the author himself once stated. "I believe the best fiction does three things well: tells an involving story, makes the reader think, and makes the reader feel." An only child, Koontz grew up in Pennsylvania. "I began writing when I was a child," he once explained, noting that "reading and writing provided much needed escape from the poverty in which we lived and from my father's frequent fits of alcohol-induced violence." While still in college, he started publishing his short stories and won an Atlantic Monthly fiction contest. Marrying his fiancée, Gerda, and graduating from Shippensburg State College in 1966, Koontz taught for a while in the Appalachian Poverty Program and in Pennsylvania schools, while also continuing to write and sell stories. In 1968 his first novel, Star Quest, was published, and Koontz quickly followed it with a second science-fiction novel. In the early 1970s, determined to make a try at full-time writing, Koontz was aided by his wife, who agreed to support the family for five years while her husband followed his dream. He adopted an assortment of pseudonyms and tackled various genres, including science fiction, mystery, and thrillers. "The curse lies in the fact that much of the early work is of lower quality that what came after," Koontz remarked, "both because I was so young and unself-critical and because the low earnings from each book forced me to write a lot of them in order to keep financially afloat." Koontz marks Chase, a suspense novel written under the pseudonym K.R. Dwyer about the after-effects of Vietnam on a veteran, as "the beginning of my real career as a writer." He moved from science fiction to suspense with that book, and never looked back. Writing in several genres aided Koontz in developing his own unique form of dark suspense, and his addition of humor, romance, and occult elements have created a distinctive body of work. Considered his breakthrough novel, 1980's Whispers is a dark and violent story of childhood cruelty, rape, and murder. Hilary Thomas is a survivor of abusive alcoholic parents who has become a successful screenwriter; she is attacked by millionaire Bruno Frye, whom she subsequently stabs to death. When Bruno returns from the grave to stalk her, it is left to Hilary's police officer boyfriend to help her unravel the twisted tale of Bruno's childhood and reveal the powers at work in this "slick tale of horror," as Rex E. Klett described the book in Library Journal. A Publishers Weekly reviewer noted that the "psychological portrait of the sick, sick Bruno makes skin crawl." Koontz considers the horror novels Phantoms and Darkfall "sidesteps in my career." 1986's Strangers adheres to what would become characteristic Koontz form: it tells the story of a group of people connected only by a weekend each spent at a motel in Nevada two years prior—a weekend none of them remember. Soon the characters begin to experience nightmares, intense fears, and even supernormal powers that drive each toward uncovering the mystery and conspiracy that binds them. Deborah Kirk, writing in the New York Times Book Review, found some characters unconvincing but concluded that Strangers is "an engaging, often chilling, book," while Library Journal critic Eric W. Johnson dubbed the novel an "almost unbearably suspenseful page-turner." A Booklist reviewer deemed Koontz a "true master," and found Strangers to be "a rich brew of gothic horror and science fiction, filled with delectable turns of the imagination." The misuse of science is at the heart of Watchers, which was chosen one of the American Library Association's best books for young adults in 1987. Recombinant DNA experiments go wrong at a government lab, and suddenly two mutants—one with human intelligence to be used for spying and the other a killer—are on the loose in Southern California. The intelligent mutant, a golden retriever, is pursued by the killer mutant, a blend of ape and dog that is named Outsider. Soon two humans, Travis and Nora, become involved helping the dog, nicknamed Einstein, as well as themselves, escape the wrath of Outsider. While Audrey B. Eaglen described Watchers in a review for School Library Journal as "about as horrifying as warm milk toast," others disagreed; New York Times Book Review contributor Katherine Weber had special praise for Einstein, whom she described as "the most richly drawn character in the book." Koontz's works reflect a vivid imagination when it comes to plot and setting, and also an affinity for creating likeable protagonists. In Intensity he introduces Chyna Shepherd, a psychology student who must combat Edgler Vess, a killer obsessed with intensity of sensation, be it pleasure or pain. A Publishers Weekly reviewer found Intensity "masterful, if ultimately predictable," and lauded Koontz's racing narrative, calling it a contender for the most "viscerally exciting thriller of the year." A companion novel, Velocity finds novelist/bartender Billy Wiles facing a brutal killer in a game where an innocent victim loses their life due to Billy's inaction and inability to play by the rules. Soon, the game extends beyond Billy's control and he may become its next victim in a novel that a Kirkus Reviews critic cited for its "brilliant plotting" and suspense. In Publishers Weekly a critic wrote that the "graphic, fastpaced action, well-developed characters and relentless, nail-biting scenes" in Velocity "show Koontz at the top of his game." Taking place in the coastal town of Moonlight Bay, California, Fear Nothing and Seize the Night also share the same protagonist: poet-surfer Christopher Snow, a man possessing a genetic mutation that makes him sensitive to light. In Fear Nothing the body of Snow's recently deceased father has vanished and been replaced by that of a murdered hitchhiker. Along with his Labrador-mix dog Orson, surfer-friend Bobby, and local disc jockey Sasha, Snow attempts to recover his father's corpse. Seven children abducted from their homes serves as the central mystery in Seize the Night, and Snow follows the trail of the kidnappers, joined by Orson, Bobby, Sasha, a mind-reading cat, and a biker. The chase leads to a supposedly abandoned military base, Fort Wyvern, where genetic experiments are actually being conducted. Among the strange, mutated creatures Snow and his companions uncover are wormlike creatures that can devour almost anything; in addition, Snow becomes trapped by a malfunctioning "temporal locator" and goes on time-travel journeys into both the future and the past. Commenting on Fear Nothing in the New York Times Book Review, Maggie Garb characterized the novel as an "overwrought narrative," maintaining that Koontz's detective trio "seem more like the stuff of adolescent fantasy than fully believable sleuths." Garb also criticized Koontz's "surfer lingo and literary pretension," as detrimental to the suspense of the book. Regarding Seize the Night, an Entertainment Weekly contributor dubbed the book "either an utterly zany thriller or the first really cool young-adult novel of 1999," and "Koontz without tears, sadism, or even much bloodshed." An Entertainment Weekly reviewer noted that Seize the Night is "that holy-cow kind of novel—park your brains, don't ask why, tighten your seat belt." In the New York Times Book Review, David Walton characterized the novel as "a bros-and-brew backslapper in which characters refer to Coleridge and T.S. Eliot as often as to genetic mutation." Described by a Publishers Weekly critic as "less thematically ambitious but more viscerally exciting" than the "Snow" novels, False Memory focuses on a woman who suffers from the mental disorder autophobia, or fear of self. Marty Rhodes, successful at work and in her marriage, takes her agoraphobic friend Susan to therapy sessions with psychiatrist Mark Ahriman twice each week. Suddenly, Marty begins to develop a fear that she will inflict harm upon herself or her loved ones. Meanwhile, Marty's husband, Dusty, a painting contractor, courageously saves his half-brother Skeet from taking a suicidal leap off a rooftop. After Dusty places Skeet in rehab, he returns home to find that Marty has removed all the sharp objects from the house. Soon Dusty begins to develop signs of paranoia, a clue that the troubles of all four disturbed protagonists are somehow linked. Ray Olsen, writing in Booklist, called False Memory "remarkably engaging, despite having so many pages and so little plot." While noting that the book "could have been trimmed by 200 pages and not lost any impact," David Olsen wrote in Library Journal that Koontz's "characters are rich, and the main story compelling." A Publishers Weekly reviewer comments that with "the amazing fertility of its prose, the novel feels like one of Koontz's earlier tales, with a simple core plot, strong everyman heroes (plus one deliciously malevolent villain) and pacing that starts at a gallop and gets only faster." In The Taking Koontz draws on his science-fiction roots and weaves a "gripping, blood-curdling, thought-provoking parable," according to Ray Olson in Booklist. At the home of novelist Molly Sloan and her husband Neil in California's San Bernardino Mountains, it seems like everything is suddenly starting to come apart. In addition to a mysterious, glowing acid rain, the power appears to be off, but somehow appliances run and soon clocks start spinning out of control. Before long the couple realizes their true dilemma: the nation is under attack by a malevolent alien race. "Mixing a hair-raising plot with masterly story telling and a subtle network of well-placed literary allusions, this deservedly popular author has written a tour de force," stated Nancy McNicol in Library Journal, while a reviewer for Publishers Weekly commented that "Koontz remains one of the most fascinating of contemporary popular novelists." Koontz based his novel Prodigal Son on Frankenstein, by eighteenth-century writer Mary Shelley. In Koontz's update—written with Kevin J. Anderson as part of a multi-volume series—two centuries have passed and the perennially forty-something Dr. Victor Frankenstein is now living under the assumed name of Helios in pre-Hurricane Katrina New Orleans. Continuing his macabre experiments, he is gradually letting pod-grown creatures, members of a "New Race" of perfect humans, live as humans within the city, his ultimate intention to eventually replace all actual humans. Meanwhile, Deucalion, the doctor's original "monster," is also still living in seclusion at a remote Tibetian monastery. When he learns of Helios's existence, and discovers that one of the doctor's perfect beings has become a serial murderer, the "monstrous" Deucalion becomes a force for good in Koontz's characteristic battle of good against evil. Noting the novel's "cliffhanger" ending, a Publishers Weekly reviewer wrote that Koontz's "odd juxtaposition of a police procedural with a neo-gothic, mad scientist plot gives the novel a wickedly unusual and intriguing feel." In addition to his adult fiction, Koontz has also aimed several books specifically at the juvenile market. In Oddkins: A Fable for All Ages magical toys have been created for the many children who, for many reasons, need a special secret friend. Called Oddkins, these toys can come alive and possess the power of speech although they look and feel like ordinary stuffed toys; when the child no longer needs emotional support, the caretaking toy returns to its inanimate state. When evil toys created by an equally evil toymaker escape from the cellar of their toy factory, the Oddkins must stop them. Once again, Koontz sends an optimistic message in this clearly told battle of good against evil. A Publishers Weekly commentator noted that Oddkins has "enough excitement and humor to hold a child's attention" although it might not appeal as much to adult readers. Koontz has produced several picture books for very young children, among them Every Day's a Holiday and two books about the Christmas season. Borrowing the "unbirthday" concept from Lewis Carroll's Alice in Wonderland, Koontz creates a host of humorous holidays, both real and imagined. Illustrations by Phil Parks bring to life "Lost-Tooth Day," "Cinco de Mayo," and "Up-Is-Down Day," among others, creating a book that Childhood Education reviewer Angela Pitamber called "funny, easy to read, and informative." Santa's Twin presents the story of Father Christmas as he tries to save the holiday season from his evil double. Also illustrated by artist Parks and containing Koontz's light-hearted verse, Robot Santa finds Santa's brother Bob caught up in even more problematic activities. Robot Santa was described by de Lint in the Magazine of Fantasy and Science Fiction as "light-hearted and fun." From serial killers to out-of-control technology and social decay, Koontz often surveys the darker regions of life, but within his stories he "gives readers bright hope in a dark world," according to a Publishers Weekly critic. As Edward Bryant noted in Locus, "Koontz successfully does what most editors warn their writers not to do. He crosses genre boundaries with impunity…. He simply does pretty much what he wants, and the novels are then categorized as "Dean R. Koontz books.'" Koontz also admittedly peppers his books with upbeat messages. As he once remarked, he finds "the human species—and Western culture—to be primarily noble, honorable, and admirable. In an age when doom-sayers are to be heard in every corner of the land, I find great hope in our species and in the future we will surely make for ourselves…. I think we live in a time of marvels, not a time of disaster, and I believe we can solve every problem that confronts us if we keep our perspectives and our freedom." Kotker, Joan G., Dean Koontz: A Critical Companion, Greenwood Press (Westport, CT), 1996. Munster, Bill, editor, Sudden Fear: The Horror and Dark Suspense Fiction of Dean R. Koontz, Starmont House, 1988. Munster, Bill, Discovering Dean Koontz: Essays on America's Best-selling Writer of Suspense and Horror Fiction, Borgo Press (San Bernardino, CA), 1998. Ramsland, Katherine M., Dean Koontz: A Writer's Biography, HarperPrism (New York, NY), 1997. St. James Guide to Young-Adult Writers, St. James Press (Detroit, MI), 1999. Analog, January, 1984. Armchair Detective, summer, 1995, p. 329. Booklist, March 1, 1986, p. 914; September 15, 1994, Ray Olson, review of Dark Rivers of the Heart, p. 84; April 15, 1995, p. 1452; December 15, 1999, Ray Olsen, review of False Memory, p. 739; May 1, 2004, Ray Olson, review of The Taking, p. 1483; November 1, 2004, Ray Olson, review of Life Expectancy, p. 444; January 1, 2005, Ray Olson, review of Prodigal Son, p. 784. Childhood Education, winter, 2004, Angela Pitamber, review of Every Day's a Holiday, p. 108. Entertainment Weekly, January 12, 1996, p. 50; January 15, 1999, "'Night' Stalker," p. 56. Kirkus Reviews, November 1, 1992, review of Dragon Tears, p. 1327; May 1, 2004, review of The Taking, p. 416; November 15, 2004, review of Life Expectancy, p. 1063; May 1, 2005, review of Velocity, p. 498. Library Journal, May 15, 1980, Rex E. Klett, review of Whispers, p. 1187; April 15, 1986, p. 95; January, 2000, Jeff Ayers, review of False Memory, p. 160; April 15, 2004, Kristen L. Smith, review of The Face, p. 146; June 15, 2004, Nancy McNicol, review of The Taking, p. 58; December 1, 2004, Nancy McNicol, review of Life Expectancy, p. 101; February 1, 2005, Jeff Ayers, review of Prodigal Son, p. 68. Locus, February, 1989, p. 21; March, 1990, Edward Bryant, review of The Bad Place, pp. 67-68; March, 1992, p. 62; September, 1994, p. 29; October, 1994, p. 21; December, 1994, p. 58; January, 1995, p. 49; February, 1995, p. 39. Los Angeles Times, March 12, 1986. Los Angeles Times Book Review, January 31, 1988, Dick Lochte, "The Perils of Little Laura," p. 8; March 8, 1987, Paul Wilner, review of Watchers, p. 6; January 21, 1990, Don G. Campbell, review of The Bad Place, p. 12; November 13, 1994, p. 14; May 21, 1995, p. 10. Magazine of Fantasy and Science Fiction, June, 2004, p. Charles de Lint, review of Odd Thomas, p. 33; June, 2005, Charles de Lint, review of Life Expectancy, p. 29, The Taking, p. 30, and Robot Santa, p. 32. New York Times Book Review, January 12, 1975; February 29, 1976; May 22, 1977; September 11, 1977; June 15, 1986, p. 20; March 15, 1987, Katherine Weber, review of Watchers, p. 16; November 13, 1994, Jay E. Rosen, review of Dark Rivers of the Heart, p. 58; February 25, 1996, p. 9; April 20, 1997, Charles Salzberg, review of Sole Survivor; February 8, 1998, Maggie Garb, review of Fear Nothing; February 7, 1999, David Walton, review of Seize the Night. Observer (London, England), February 12, 1995, p. 22. People, April 13, 1987; April 24, 1989; January 19, 2004, Rob Taub, review of Odd Thomas, p. 45. Publishers Weekly, September 10, 1973, review of Hanging On, p. 41; April 4, 1980, review of Whispers, p. 61; March 7, 1986, p. 82; December 18, 1987; September 2, 1988, review of Oddkins, pp. 87-88; January 10, 1994, review of Winter Moon, pp. 56-57; December 19, 1994, p. 52; April 24, 1995, p. 60; November 6, 1995, p. 81; February 5, 1996, p. 41; December 13, 1999, review of False Memory, p. 67; December 22, 2003, review of Odd Thomas, p. 13; May 10, 2004, review of The Taking, p. 37; November 15, 2004, review of Life Expectancy, p. 41; January 17, 2005, review of Prodigal Son, p. 40; April 25, 2005, review of Velocity, p. 39. Punch, July 15, 1981, p. 109. Rapport, April, 1994, p. 27. School Library Journal, April, 1988, Audrey B. Eaglen, "Stunners to Stinkers: The '87 BBYA List," p. 54; May, 2004, Katherine Fitch, review of Odd Thomas, p. 175. Science Fiction Chronicle, March, 1995, p. 39. Time, January 8, 1996. Times Literary Supplement, September 11, 1981. Tribune Books (Chicago, IL), April 12, 1981. Voice of Youth Advocates, October, 1993, Christy Tyson, review of Dragon's Tears, p. 230. Washington Post Book World, December 11, 1994, p. 8. Writer's Digest, November, 1989, Stanley Wiater, interview with Koontz, pp. 34-38. Bookreporter.com, http://www.bookreporter.com/ (March 2, 2001), "Dean Koontz." Books@Random, www.randomhouse.com/ (October 20, 2004), "Dean Koontz: The Official Web Site." Lisa Kopelke (1963-) Biography - Personal, Addresses, Career, Member, Honors Awards, Writings, Work in Progress, Sidelights Burt Konzak (1946-) Biography - Personal, Career, Sidelights - Honors Awards, Writings, Work in Progress	cc/2020-05/en_head_0067.json.gz/line550
__label__cc	0.531047	0.468953	UC San Diego Study Finds Mice Can Sense Oxygen Through Skin By: Kim McDonald Biologists at the University of California, San Diego have discovered that the skin of mice can sense low levels of oxygen and regulate the production of erythropoietin, or EPO, the hormone that stimulates our bodies to produce red blood cells and allows us to adapt to high-altitude, low-oxygen environments. Mutant mice with an enhanced HIF-1 gene (at right) are smaller than normal mice and have reddish skin, due to increased blood flow through their skin. Credit: UC San Diego Their surprising finding, published in the April 18th issue of the journal Cell , contradicts the notion of mammalian skin as an envelope around our bodies with little connection to the respiratory system. If found to apply to humans, the discovery could radically change the way physicians treat anemia and other diseases that require boosting our bodies' ability to produce red blood cells. It also could be used to improve the performance of endurance athletes competing in this summer's Olympic Games. "What we found in this study is really something quite unusual," said Randall Johnson, a professor of biology at UC San Diego who headed the research study. "We discovered that mammalian skin, at least in mice, responds to how much oxygen is above it and, by virtue of that response, changes blood flow through the skin. This, in turn, changes one of the most basic responses to low oxygen that we have, which is the production of erythropoietin." Those responses, the researchers suspect, could be ancient traits retained as mammals evolved from lower forms of vertebrates, such as amphibians, that possess the same sorts of ion channels to promote oxygen diffusion in their extremely permeable skins as mammals have in their lungs. "Amphibians-frogs most notably-breathe through their skin and are able to sense and respond to how much oxygen is in the air or water around their skin," Johnson added. "But nobody had ever thought about asking those questions about the skin of mammals." Researchers exposed the head and bodies of the mice separately to mixtures of 10 percent oxygen-about the level found at Mt. Everest-and 21 percent oxygen, found at sea level. "From an evolutionary point of view, the results make sense, considering the important role of the skin for oxygen uptake in amphibians," said Frank Powell, a professor of medicine at UCSD and expert in human and animal adaptations to high-altitude environments who was part of the team. "It will be very interesting to see how these mechanisms work in humans and if, for example, different oxygen levels at the skin could affect how rapidly and how well one adapts to low oxygen in the intensive care unit of a hospital or at high altitude." The UC San Diego team found no evidence that mice could breathe through their skin. But if their discovery that mice sense low oxygen through their skin and trigger EPO production is found to apply to humans, it would have dramatic implications for the training and testing of endurance athletes during the Summer Olympic Games in Beijing. Besides training at altitude and in low-oxygen tents-the two generally accepted legal methods of boosting red blood cell production--runners, swimmers, cyclists and other endurance athletes seeking better performances by increasing the oxygen-carrying capacity of their blood may now have another legitimate way to increase their red blood counts. Blood doping, the injection of additional red blood cells into the body, and the injection of synthetic recombinant EPO to boost red blood cell production are illegal in the Olympics and banned by most sports governing bodies. But what if athletes could boost their own EPO and red blood cell counts by exposing their bodies to low levels of oxygen? Or, to obtain the same effect, by merely increasing blood flow through their skin? "We've discovered a potent physiological trigger that can be enacted or enabled without exogenous sources of EPO," said Johnson. "We show in this paper that breathing in one level of oxygen and exposing your body to another level of oxygen is really a potent trigger for the body to produce its own EPO. It's not hard to foresee people taking what we've learned in mice and applying it to humans." If human skin is found to be sensitive to oxygen levels, it could revive the debate over the "Goldfinger Syndrome." This idea, perpetuated by the famous James Bond movie in which the villain's girlfriend is killed after being painted gold, has been the focus of urban legends and internet discussions about the possible negative health effects of painting the skin. It has been the subject of two investigations by the Discovery Channel show "MythBusters." The team's discovery-aided by collaborators in Sweden, Germany and the University of Pennsylvania-came after two years of trying to determine why certain mice the researchers had genetically engineered for experiments exhibited high levels of EPO. In 2004, Johnson and his students published a paper in the journal Plos Biology , detailing how they had transformed ordinary laboratory mice into the rodent equivalent of Olympic endurance athletes. They did this by deleting a gene that allows mammalian muscles to switch from aerobic to anaerobic metabolism when oxygen levels in the muscle run low. Most of our daily activities are performed aerobically, through biochemical mechanisms in our muscles that make full use of oxygen. But when the demands of our muscular system exceed its available supply of oxygen, as in sprinting for a bus or lifting a heavy object, a protein known as hypoxia inducible transcription factor-1, or HIF-1, is activated. This protein enables the muscle to switch to the more energetically explosive, but expensive anaerobic process, which does not use oxygen and generates lactic acid as its byproduct. When Johnson and students knocked out the negative regulator of the HIF-1 gene, they produced tiny mice with skin that look red and flushed. These mice have trouble retaining body heat because a larger proportion of their blood is sent to their skin and cooled, much like a person sitting in a hot sauna or Jacuzzi. But the most puzzling aspect of these mutant mice is their extremely high EPO levels-so high that 90 percent of their blood plasma is composed of red blood cells, compared to 40 to 50 percent for normal individuals. "Their blood is basically paste and their hearts are enlarged as a result," Johnson said. "We could not understand why the skin was exerting this effect. It just didn't make sense to us. We could figure out every other aspect of why this mutant mouse looked an acted the way it did, but this one thing was really bothersome to us, so that sent us down this road. When we found that the EPO was coming from internal organs, not the skin of these mice, we thought there must be some kind of signal from the skin to the internal organs." Johnson and others in his laboratory-graduate student Adam Boutin, postdoctoral fellow Alexander Weidemann and undergraduate Lernik Mesropian-verified that the HIF-1 gene was responsible by genetically engineering mutant mice without the gene in their skin cells. These mice were unable to signal the production of extra EPO when their skin was exposed a chamber filled with 10 percent oxygen-about the level found at Mount Everest. The concentration of oxygen at sea level is about 21 percent. Normal mice were able to increase the amount of EPO production at this 10 percent level. This occurred, the researchers found, when more blood rushed into the skin. By putting on the mouse's skin a nitroglycerine patch, which increases blood flow through the skin, the researchers found that mice could dramatically increase their production of EPO and red blood cells. "EPO administration is a multi-billion dollar drug market for the treatment of all sorts of diseases involving low red blood cell counts," said Johnson. "So the ability to manipulate red blood cell production just by changing blood flow through certain parts of the skin could be profound. We show in this study that by just putting a little nitroglycerine patch we were able to trigger very big increases in EPO. Whether this turns out to be true for humans, we don't know yet. But potentially this could be a very interesting way to manipulate this pathway." Johnson and his team, which included UCSD assistant professor of biology Colin Jamora, found that having mice breathe in a chamber with their entire bodies exposed to low levels of oxygen had the greatest response and produced the most EPO. When the mice were allowed to breathe 10 percent oxygen in one chamber, but had the skin from their neck down exposed to 21 percent, or sea-level oxygen, in another chamber built by Powell, more than one-half of their adaptation to low oxygen was lost. "If we put mice that lack a hypoxic response in their skin in a low oxygen chamber more than half of their hypoxic response goes away and that was surprising to us," Johnson said. "The skin really is a big contributor to the way the mouse responds to low oxygen." "All of the important responses to hypoxia, or low oxygen, were thought to be triggered by oxygen-sensitive nerves and molecules in the blood and internal organs," said Powell. "However, these experiments clearly show that the skin directly responds to changes in oxygen in the environment with changes in blood flow. These changes in skin blood flow are highly significant by causing changes in the levels of hypoxic inducible factor, which is a sort of 'master switch' for adapting to low oxygen that activates multiple genes to enhance oxygen delivery throughout the body." Johnson said that because people with skin inflammations such as psoriasis and eczema can have low red blood cell counts, he and his team are interested in extending their study to investigate anemia caused by skin inflammations in their mutant mice. "In people with anemia of inflammation it seems as if the EPO isn't having an effect," he added. "We actually have mutant mice with skin inflammation that show this same effect. They have high EPO levels, but they don't have a high red blood cell count. The mutants we used in our study have high EPO levels and high red blood cell counts. But they don't have inflammation. The next step for us is going to be trying to figure out why these inflammatory diseases trigger EPO. Is there something about inflammation that we can trigger so these people can be treated without suffering this kind of anemia?" The scientists said in their paper that their discovery also might explain why people in some parts of Nepal, India and Pakistan massage newborn babies in mustard oil, a mild irritant that promotes blood flow through the skin. "We show in this study that if you paint the skin of a mouse with this mild irritant, mustard oil, it will also trigger EPO release at a somewhat lower level," Johnson said. "In India and Pakistan babies are in some communities massaged in mustard oil at birth; and some health workers have been trying to get them to stop this folk tradition. But we show that in mice this increases EPO levels. And since increased EPO levels contribute to increased red blood cell counts one could imagine it being beneficial." The study was funded by grants from the National Institutes of Health, the Wenner-Gren Foundation and the Swedish Foundation for International Cooperation in Research and Higher Education.	cc/2020-05/en_head_0067.json.gz/line551

Subsets and Splits

No community queries yet

The top public SQL queries from the community will appear here once available.