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Agatha is a filmmaker, photographer and a researcher based in Bristol, UK. She produces a range of different content from music and promo videos, stylised photoshoots, documentaries, to fiction films but her biggest interest and passion lies in conservation and producing impact.
She’s trained in Journalism & Social Sciences and Wildlife Filmmaking by schools like Krakow University, University of Hull, Africa Media and Wildeye International Filmmaking School. She has worked for broadcasters and companies such as the BBC, National Geographic, Channel 4, Off the Fence, Icon Films, CPL Productions, Wildscreen, RDF Television. She collaborates with a presenter Anneka Svenska as a camera operator and an editor for the Animal Watch YouTube series with over 350,000 subscribers.
Her documentary FOREST exploring the conflict based around the illegal logging of the Bialowieza Forest in Poland has been officially selected by 6 international film festivals. Agatha’s most recent release is a conservation documentary discussing the silent extinction of giraffes.
She has a flare for originality, good creative and communication skills. Drive and enthusiasm to go and do whatever it takes to make a good film. Forward vision and above all, a developing authority that will enable her and those who work with her to achieve the aims and objectives of any assignment to the best of their ability.
– Tony Haighway, Wolf Watch UK
Our hearts are fit to burst with pride, Agatha is a truly talented film-maker.
– Africa Media
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A Brief History of AI
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An official publication of the AAAI.
Translation: Excerpts from China's 'White Paper on Artificial Intelligence Standardization'
Jun-23-2018, 02:25:59 GMT –#artificialintelligence
This translation by Jeffrey Ding, edited by Paul Triolo, covers some of the most interesting parts of the Standards Administration of China's 2018 White Paper on Artificial Intelligence Standardization, a joint effort by more than 30 academic and industry organizations overseen by the Chinese Electronics Standards Institute. Ding, Triolo, and Samm Sacks describe the importance of this white paper and other Chinese government efforts to influence global AI development and policy formulation in their companion piece, "Chinese Interests Take a Big Seat at the AI Governance Table." Historical experience demonstrates that new technologies can often improve productivity and promote societal progress. But at the same time, as artificial intelligence (AI) is still in the early phrase of development, the policies, laws, and standards for safety, ethics, and privacy in this area are worthy of attention. In the case of AI technology, issues of safety, ethics, and privacy have a direct impact on people's trust in AI technology in their interaction experience with AI tools.
artificial intelligence, machine learning, standardization, (18 more...)
#artificialintelligence
Jun-23-2018, 02:25:59 GMT
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Country: Asia > China (1.00)
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Information Technology > Security & Privacy (0.51)
Government > Military > Cyberwarfare (0.41)
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Technology: Information Technology > Artificial Intelligence (1.00)
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Tag Archives: horror
There is a sinister characteristic that runs throughout Ari Aster’s work. The director of 2018’s landmark horrorshow Hereditary seems to embrace all things taboo and macabre. His latest creation, Midsommar, is no different.
Mostly set in the Swedish countryside, the film follows a couple, Dani (Florence Pugh) and Christian (Jack Reynor) as they try and process Dani’s recent family trauma by attending a pagan summer solstice festival. Strange occurrences start to make the two suspicious of the festival group, and the couple soon have to reckon with not only the problematic aspects of their own relationship, but also disturbing history and traditions of the reclusive commune.
Midsommar is not your typical horror movie; in fact, it might not even be one at all. Aster shuns most tropes of the genre here, opting instead for a disturbing, slow-burning psychodrama about a relationship in chaos. In Hereditary, Aster’s more conventional take, the long shots and empty atmospheric scenes lessened the overall impact of the film’s more truly shocking moments. Here, with Midsommar, this slow kind of editing plays up the film’s strengths, and deepens the emotional beats that detail the character’s headspace.
Horror fans should feel instantly at home with the texture and shape of Midsommar; Aster does enough to play the genre’s narrative notes in a way that still feels fresh and exciting. Ever the provocateur, there is a perverse sense of accomplishment that seems a part of Midsommar’s shell shock; Aster knows exactly what gets under the skin and delivers it to us tenfold. Part of the film’s ability to effect lies in it’s beautiful contrast between the ugly and the sublime elements of both the movie’s unique environment and the ritualistic traditions of the commune. The cinematography works wonders here, with a bright blue, green, and white palette coloring scenes so brightly lit you feel like squinting.
Most surprisingly, Midsommar is quite funny. Smart amounts of humor are dabbled in and out of the script which adds again to the film’s bold contrasting components and the audience’s eventual discomfort. This isn’t the campy, popcorn-munching stuff of Zombieland or Evil Dead fame; what’s most haunting here is that both the comedic and horror aspects feel so intimate and real. All performances are on point, but in particular Florence Pugh steals the show, giving an impressively grounded portrayal of someone in an extended state of crisis. Over the course of the movie, we explore the world of the Swedish commune through the POV of our star couple, sometimes separate, though more often than not from the perspective of Dani. We feel her psyche heat up into a frenzy, fueled by both her past trauma and her current relationship’s turmoil (and the occasional hallucinogen). As layer by layer of the festival gets exposed, the audience’s anticipation and dread gains more weight, building up finally to a fated but terrifying destination.
Bottom Line: While on paper, Midsommar seems like familiar territory, the stylish execution of the drama and weighted anticipation of mystery make for a singular moviegoing experience that is hard to shake.
Film recipe: The Wickerman (1973) + Magic Magic + Antichrist
Tags: Ari aster, florence pugh, horror, jack reynor, midsommar, Movie review, summer solstice
Categories 2019, Lists, Reviews
There is an odd sense of nostalgia running throughout the new Child’s Play reboot. Sure, the characters all have smart phones and watch YouTube; this particular plot couldn’t even function without self-driving cars, in-home surveillance cameras, and other forms of modern smart-household tech. But throughout its tiny 90-minute runtime there is a playfulness embedded within Child’s Play‘s DNA harkens back to a time when some of the best horror films didn’t take themselves too seriously.
Though it’s based of the same IP as the 1988 original film of the same name directed by Tom Holland, the two films feel worlds apart with the latter only taking the most basic of story elements and giving them a contemporary setting. Tech conglomerate Kaslan has released a new line of products called the Buddi doll (played by veteran voice actor Mark Hamill) – a nightmarish-looking Alexa counterpart that can essentially control other Kaslan devices via voice commands. Andy (Gabriel Bateman) is a bit unenthused when he receives a refurbished Buddi doll for his birthday (the new and improved Buddi 2.0 model hits the shelfs in a few days) but he soon discovers his new “friend” to be quite useful for scaring his mom (Aubrey Plaza) and her boyfriend Shane (David Lewis). Things get gruesome when this particular Buddi realizes the potential of having his “violence inhibitors” shut off, and he will go to great lengths to ensure his friendship with Andy is never replaced with an actual human.
Director Lars Klevberg makes a point to distinguish his version of the killer doll story apart from Holland’s original (screenwriter and creator of the original Chucky, Don Mancini, has denied any involved in the 2019 project) mostly by moments of sly humor including a playful tone that borders on camp. The world in which Child’s Play takes place, with its emphasis on corporate tech playing a more prominent role in nearly every aspect of our lives, does at times feel a bit too eerily like our own. But for the most part Klevberg employs such a whimsical aesthetic to the more chilling bits of Child’s Play reminiscent of cheap, direct-to-video horror sequels from the 2000’s or, alternatively, the best works from horror aficionados Sam Raimi and James Gunn. Parts of the movie are incredibly fun, including how the characters subtly introduce Chucky to acts of violence (thank you Texas Chainsaw Massacre 2) and the amount of comedic irony layered into the plot. However, the film’s second half feels too rushed and carefree as the story completely abandons its grounded approach to the original material and resorts to tired genre tropes.
Still, in an era where most reboots seem to lack effort for originality, Child’s Play feels like a refreshingly creative endeavor. Just one that looses its way a little too quickly.
Bottom Line: Though this year’s Child’s Play avoids most of the common mistakes that plague other horror reboots, it doesn’t quite have the spookiness or writing chops to turn the film into much more than an engaging sideshow.
Film Recipe: Drag Me To Hell + Snakes on a Plane + Krampus
Tags: aubrey plaza, child's play, chucky, film review, horror, mark hamill
Luca Guadagnino’s evocative, buzzed about remake of Dario Argento’s supernatural horror Suspiria is finally here in all its bloody glory. Starring Dakota Johnson, Tilda Swinton, Mia Goth and Chloe Grace Moretz, 2018’s version – though almost more of a sequel of sorts than a direct remake – is very much a work that stands on its own; it’s something that strives to challenge both new audiences and diehard fans of the cult classic. Set in 1977, (the year the original Suspiria was released in Europe) the film opens on a rainy day in Berlin where Patricia (Grace-Moretz) stumbles into the home of her psychiatrist, Dr Josef Klemperer (one of Tilda Swinton’s many roles here). After some incoherent ramblings about witchcraft and her dance instructors (it’s fitting that one of the film’s first audible lines is “they took my eyes and now they watch me everywhere”) Dr Klemperer decides his patient is delusional. Cut to the mennonite home of our protagonist Susie (Dakota Johnson) who, over a series of title cards, is flown to Berlin to audition for a prestigious dance school. She gets the role, but not after catching the attention of the school’s leadership who have a sinister pact with an ominous supernatural being known only as Mother.
The first act of Suspiria plays out like some frantic fever dream; Guadagnino creates a rich and impressively detailed atmosphere from the opening and employees jump cuts and sound design choices that become more unnerving and disorientating as the film progresses. It’s a lot to soak in at first and we never get the chance to really connect with any of the characters or their entwining subplots. Nor do we need to. The camerawork in conjunction with the editing does most of the heavy lifting here, utilizing the its own cinematic language to establish an overwhelming sense of unease. Suspiria is a powerfully paradoxical work that manages to be playfully surreal and imaginative while simultaneously still grounded in its expression of visceral human emotion. Scored by the dizzying compositions of Radiohead frontman Thom Yorke, the aesthetic setup of Suspiria plays out like a love letter to the European psychodramas of the 60’s and 70’s that Guadagnino assumedly grew up on; almost a sort of romantic tribute to the kind of films that – in the age of the big budget Disney franchise – we just don’t see room for in American megaplexes.
Romantic notions soon give way to horrific displays of violence in Suspiria; it should be seen as more of an occult book of spells than any kind of possible love letter. Guadagnino, in contrast to Argento’s abundant use of vibrant blood, plays down the impact of color in the film’s lavish setpieces, but he does not skip out on the level of unease, anxiety and uncomfortableness from the original. I became physically ill during parts of Suspiria – the breathtaking art direction provides a clarity to details and even simple acts like the closing of a curtain feel weighted and ominous. Certain scenes doubledown on the grotesque factor as an outright assault to the audience’s senses – I haven’t seen something so provocatively disturbing since a particular scene from Jonathan Glazer’s Under the Skin (you know the one I’m talking about). However, Guadagnino is less inclined to play things for shock value more than he is interested in the juxtaposition between the obscene and the beautiful. Suspiria constantly maneuvers this exploratory space into a variety of unexpected places, right up to its cataclysmic and frenzied nightmare of a climax. Guaranteed to be divisive among audience interpretations, Suspiria is the kind of work that implants itself deep in your brain and begs you to make some sense of it. If that’s not the definition of engaging cinema then I don’t know what it is.
A sophisticated, enchanting, and disturbing take on the beloved cult classic, Suspiria creates and then deconstructs its own artful and hallucinogenic universe resulting in a profound viewer experience that pushes the limits of conventional genre cinema.
Film Recipe: Black Swan + Eyes Wide Shut + Possession (1981) + Twin Peaks: The Return
Tags: Chloe Grace Moretz, Dakota Johnson, dario argento, film review, horror, Luca Guadagnino, Radiohead, suspiria, suspiria remake, Thom Yorke, Tilda Swinton
Judging from the title alone, you wouldn’t think a movie called Hereditary would be the kind of thing to keep you wide awake at night thinking demons have run amok in your house. Though it was appropriately placed in the Midnight section for its premier at this year’s Sundance, the description in the film guide made it seem like a dysfunctional family indie drama in the same vein as something like The Squid and the Whale. That is not the case. Make no mistake, this film fits squarely in the horror realm – and just might be the most eerily effective one to come along in decades.
Hereditary‘s premise is simple enough: after the untimely death of her mother, Annie (Toni Collette) tries to mend the emotional gaps with her strained and distant family. Her husband Steve (Gabriel Byrne) though loving, is unsupportive and detached while her adolescent son Peter (Alex Wolff) tries to spend every waking moment partying with his friends and away from the family. Strangely, Annie gets closest with her daughter Charlie (Milly Shapiro) after the funeral, though she soon learns that Charlie may have inherited a few ghastly traits from her late grandmother. Annie’s journey in discovering her family history leads her to cross paths with a spiritualist (Ann Dowd) and a few other-worldly beings.
With a runtime of over 2 hours, Hereditary feels a bit weighty from the get go and takes its time getting to the spooks. Patience is rewarded big time during a shocking mid-point twist and things really get cranked up a notch during an emotionally brutal third act. There are moments of almost-unbearable tension in Hereditary; director Ari Aster and cinematographer Pawel Pogorzelski should get all the credit for their amazing work at commanding attention to various parts of the frame in the heat of the moment – even when it’s deeply troubling. Aster is particularly great at creating atmosphere and subverting audience expectations, even those who are well versed in the genre. It’s clear that the first-time director is familiar with great psychological storytellers like Kubrick, Hitchcock, and Polanski; comparisons to The Shining are not that far off.
Unfortunately, the highs of the film are diluted by it’s lengthy runtime that fails to justify itself. There are too many stretched out periods of little substance in the film that drain the terrifying power from it’s better moments (of which there are more than one) so that the real terror fails to be sustained from scene-to-scene. Trim off 10 or 15 minutes and you would have a bona fide horror masterpiece – instead we have some incredibly great scenes sandwiched by lots of filler.
Still, the peaks of Hereditary are just so damn high – usually without resorting to the cheap jump scares audiences have become accustomed to. The performances are all on-point and bring a sense of realism which grounds the superstitious subject matter of spirits and demons. Newcomer Milly Shapiro, in particular, is absolutely fantastic as Charlie and steals every scene she is in. This is a bold piece of cinema, one that boils with intensity and lingers in the subconscious long after the credits roll.
Bottom Line: Although the lengthy runtime tragically dampens the impact of its spookier scenes, Hereditary displays a chilling cinematic intensity and contains some of the boldest and (most importantly) scariest moments in contemporary horror.
Film recipe: The Shining + Bug + Paranormal Activity
Tags: alex wolff, Ann Dowd, Ari aster, film review, gabriel byrne, Hereditary, horror, horror movies, Milly shapiro, Sundance, Toni Collette
It Comes At Night (2017)
Hot off the heels from his directorial debut Krisha, Trey Edward Shults again uses the camera as his psychological tool to pry open and dismantle the collective psyche of a family in chaos, this time with a horror-centric approach.
It Comes At Night is a psychological thriller set somewhere in a remote post-apocalyptic North America. A fatal disease has spread so fast that the core pillars of society have collapsed, triggering Paul (Joel Edgerton) to place his family on lockdown in a secluded cabin some 50 miles or so away from the nearest city center. It’s here they learn to be self-reliant, living day by day completely off the grid and away from any other survivors. Soon, Paul crosses paths with Will (Chris Abbott), another survivor who might be willing to trade some of his food in exchange for a truck-ride back to his family. Paranoia abounds.
If it wasn’t already clear from the title, it becomes obvious from the first few minutes of the opening scene that things are going to get dark (both figuratively and literally). Shults has a real talent for avoiding first act exposition and slowly revealing details about this world bit by bit. Instead, the director focuses his energy creating tension out of the smallest moments with help from the cinematographer Drew Daniels; a lingering slow zoom through an empty hallway becomes absolutely horrifying in the hands of these two. The entirety of the film takes place either inside Paul’s cabin or the woods directly adjacent to it, creating a claustrophobic quality that increases in tension along with the rising emotional status of our characters. It Comes At Night isn’t a film that is concerned with what anyone does or says so much as it is with what is going on in the mental spaces between the characters. This type of film would not work if it wasn’t for the acting strength of everyone involved, and fortunately the supporting cast of Riley Keough, Carmen Ejogo, and Kelvin Harrison Jr. create a palatable unease within their performances. It’s remarkable how much genuine suspense can be milked from It Comes At Night’s slim narrative; the spooks are few and far between, but the emotional payoffs this film brings to the table are the powerful kind that stick in your gut after the credits roll.
Bottom Line: Confident direction and a refusal for all things explained make It Comes At Night an essential and thrilling piece of psychologically provocative cinema.
Film recipe: Prisoners + Children of Men + The Road
Tags: Carmen Ejogo, Christopher Abbott, film review, horror, it comes at night, Joel Edgerton, Krisha, psychological thriller, Trey Edward Shults
The Neon Demon (2016)
In the world of modern auteurs, few have made a name for themselves quite like Nicolas Winding Refn. Aesthetically engaging at his best and pretentiously dull at his worse, he is man whose distinctive flavor of violence and storytelling has its fair share of both fans and detractors. His latest work, The Neon Demon fits nicely enough into his filmography but still offers up something new.
The film follows Jesse (Elle fanning), a 17-year-old who is looking to break into LA’s infamous fashion industry. She arrives, innocent and puppy-eyed, though not without ambition or a constant drive to be successful. Completely naive, she is obviously out of her element and desperate for some chance to show her seemingly natural capacity for modeling. She soon crosses paths with Ruby (Jenna Malone), a makeup artist who becomes sexually infatuated with Jesse and who also acts as a mentor of sorts. It’s through Ruby that Jesse finds her entry into the ultra-competitive industry, and the two form a bond with each other in order to survive the ruthless and narcissistic competition who become dangerously involved with Jesse’s quick rise to fame.
There is no doubt about it – The Neon Demon is a thing of beauty. The film perfectly captures the cattiness and falsity of the industry and more importantly – those who make a living selling their image. Featuring bold cinematography, Refn’s DP Natasha Braier (The Rover) creates a daring world of stark color and shadow through her lens. The result is a colorful candy store on overdrive. In almost every frame, Braier extracts and magnifies notions of plastic-ness and vanity from the industry’s glitzy and glamorous reputation. Refn just doesn’t just simply exploit this idea of a sexy falseness towards to fashion – he revels in it to an extreme, self-indulgent degree.
Never a fan of subtlety, things get pretty extreme in Refn’s surreal and dark universe (especially during the film’s bizarre WTF-did-I-just-see final act) but it takes its time getting there and viewers with little patience will be turned off within the first 20 minutes. Still, the film is stylistically unique enough to be redeeming, and the way Neon Demon’s visuals are used to tell the narrative becomes intensely mesmerizing over time.
There is a lot of underlying ideas Refn is trying to say here, but there is even more Refn wants you to think he trying to say; most attempts at any underlying themes often turn up empty handed. Like Refn’s view of the industry itself, there is little meaning to be found beneath the film’s polished external shell. But yet, Neon Demon is perplexingly impossible to look away from.
Bottom Line: It might be an excessive work of placing style over substance, but with a little patience the self-indulgent Neon Demon can also become a deeply hypnotic and tantalizingly fun experience.
Film Recipe: Only God Forgives + Black Swan + Upstream Color + lots of synths
Tags: elle fanning, fashion, film 2016, film review, horror, Jenna Malone, Natasha Braier, Nicolas Winding Refn, the neon demon
Life is not good for Evan. He is wanted by the law, unemployed, and on the run from a pair of criminals who want a violent payback from a bar fight. His mother, the only family he had, has recently passed from cancer, and his best (and only) friend is in a useless state of constant intoxication.
Left with little options, Evan (Lou Taylor Pucci) decides to run from his problems by taking a one-way flight to Italy, giving him a chance to catch a much-needed break and think about the oncoming phase of his life. It’s while working on a farm in Italy that Evan soon falls for a mysterious unnamed local girl (Nadia Hilker) and the two form an intimate and off kilter relationship.
This is the set up for Spring, an unconventional but thoroughly engaging European love story. Filmmakers Justin Benson and Aaron Moorehead (who collaborated before on the 2012 thriller Resolution and a segment for V/H/S Viral) share directorial duties on the film with Benson writing the provocative screenplay.
It’s instantly obvious that Pucci and Hilker share an impressionable chemistry, and the rich but naturalistic dialogue between the two characters gives life to the film. These characters feel real and fleshed out, unlike many of the two-dimensional leads that populate the genre. Benson’s script boldly explores many different areas of Evan’s story, jumping between idealistic romance, nostalgia, philosophy, suspense, and at times, Cronenberg-esc body horror. This kind of awkward genre-blending usually results in something cringe-worthy (see Pucci’s 2005 suburban drama/Donnie Darko-ripoff The Chumscrubber), but fortunately, Moorehead and Benson’s film works so well as a whole it’s futile to focus on its many disjointed parts.
Some impressive visual effects work and beautiful cinematography by Moorehead gives Spring a haunting visceral impression and the synth-laden score by The Album Leaf is near-perfect. Though many will inevitably be put of by the more pretentious aspects of its philosophical and biological twists, it’s hard not to be immersed in the story Moorehead and Benson have created.
Bottom Line: Led by a pair of outstanding performances, an impressive script, and an aesthetically vibrant atmosphere, Spring is this year’s must-see romance story.
Film Recipe: Before Sunrise + Charlie Countryman + I Origins
Tags: Aaron Moorehead, body horror, film review, horror, Italy, Justin Benson, Lou Taylor Pucci, Nadia Hilker, romance, Spring, Spring movie review
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BIRD OF THE WEEK: May 26, 2017 SCIENTIFIC NAME: Ammodramus savannarum
HABITAT: Breeds and winters in grasslands, including prairies, pastures, meadows, and old fields
More often heard than seen, the secretive Grasshopper Sparrow gets its name for the buzzing, insect-like quality of its songs. When seen among the dense grasses where it breeds, this small, short-tailed bird appears big-headed and large-billed compared to other sparrows.
Habitat loss and degradation remain the greatest threats to Grasshopper Sparrow and other grassland-dependent species such as Baird's Sparrow, Long-billed Curlew, and Bobolink. Increased use of pesticides, brood parasitism by Brown-headed Cowbirds, and loss of wintering habitat have also contributed to population declines.
Sparrow of the Grasslands
Twelve subspecies of Grasshopper Sparrow are recognized. Of the Florida subspecies (Ammodramus savannarum floridanus), fewer than 200 birds remain, all in the dry prairie ecosystems of that state. This subspecies is listed as Endangered by the U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service under the Endangered Species Act.
Most Grasshopper Sparrow populations are migratory, wintering in the southern United States, Mexico, and western Central America. (ABC's Aditi Desai encountered wintering sparrows and many other grassland species during a recent trip to Mexico's Chihuahuan Desert grasslands.)
During the breeding season, Grasshopper Sparrows prefer areas with expanses of grassy habitat and very few trees.
Grasshopper Grabber
This species forages mainly on the ground, keeping a low profile as it walks or runs through grasses. True to its name, the Grasshopper Sparrow feeds on grasshoppers during the breeding season, along with other insects, spiders, earthworms, and snails.
Grasshoppers can be large prey for a small bird, but the sparrow has a technique to make eating them easier. The bird immobilizes its grasshopper prey by pinching the insect behind the head, then shakes the legs off before eating it or feeding it to their young.
In the fall and winter these sparrows mainly eat grass seed and waste grain.
Top Sparrow Singer
Shortly after arriving at the breeding grounds, the male Grasshopper Sparrow sings and performs flight displays to establish his territory. Females arrive three to five days later, and the birds quickly form pair bonds.
Both males and females sing, and Grasshopper Sparrow is one of the few sparrow species in which the male sings two different songs: one to attract a mate and another to defend a breeding territory.
Steath Nester
After mating, female Grasshopper Sparrows build well-hidden, cup-shaped grass nests on the ground. They tend to hide the location of their nests, and seldom fly directly to them, instead landing a short distance away and slipping through the grass to the nest entrance.
Can you find the Grasshopper Sparrow nest? Hint: look in the upper left of the picture! Photo by Jim Giocomo
Similarly, when leaving, the parent birds often run from the nest, taking flight at a distance to avoid signaling the nest's location. Like Black-necked Stilt and some other birds, adults perform broken-wing displays near nests or fledglings to draw predators away.
The female incubates her clutch of three to six eggs for up to 13 days and sometimes has “helpers” (young from previous broods) to assist with feeding and brooding nestlings. Grasshopper Sparrows may produce a second or even a third brood in the same season, though the first clutch tends to be the largest. Females can build a new nest while feeding larger young in the active nest, sometimes with as little as three days between nesting attempts.
If you're lucky enough to own a piece of grassland where Grasshopper Sparrows nest, you can help these birds. Avoid mowing between late April and July to let the birds produce up to three successful nests, about one a month. (The same rules apply to roadsides in agricultural settings.) If you must mow in this time period, mow early and often to avoid creating a population “sink”—an area that attracts nesting birds but where they're unsuccessful in producing offspring.
Sparrow's Steep Decline
Partners in Flight classifies the Grasshopper Sparrow as a “Common Bird in Steep Decline.” This sparrow has lost 68 percent of its population since 1970, mainly due to loss and fragmentation of its grassland habitats. In addition to the ESA protection of the Florida subspecies, the entire species has been identified as a focal species for conservation by the U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service, and an Assessment and Conservation Plan has been developed.
ABC works with partners across the Americas to preserve and restore grassland habitats, helping to ensure a future for species including Grasshopper Sparrow and Sprague's Pipit. Our work with landowners through the Oaks and Prairies and other Migratory Bird Joint Ventures has also yielded positive conservation results.
Learn about our new BirdScapes approach to conserving migratory birds—another way we're working to save breeding, wintering, and stopover habitat for birds where they need it most.
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Brooks Carellin
Author Tags: Health Labour Sex Women
It was Dorothy Parker who heard a telephone ring and announced, "What fresh hell is this?"; In her fifty-two meditations on mothering, Fresh Hell (Demeter $14.95), Freudian scholar, Wreck Beach historian and Vancouver Public Library trustee Carellin Brooks has provided entertaining bleats and provocative analysis about the under-recognized roller-coaster ride of maternal child-rearing in the 21st century. Dorothy would approve. [SEE BELOW].
Born in Vancouver in 1970, Carellin Brooks grew up in Salt Lake City, Utah and Ottawa. A Rhodes Scholar with a doctorate in English literature from Oxford University, she enjoys biking, springboard diving and travelling.
As a self-described agnostic nudist, she had provided the best book about the nudist beach near UBC, Wreck Beach (New Star 2007). [See review below].
From Sigmund Freud's theories on penis envy to the desires of "testosterone-taking third-sexers," Carellin Brooks has also examined the proliferation of "phallic feminine figures" in North American and European writing since the end of the 19th century in Every Inch a Woman: Phallic Possession, Femininity, and the Text (UBC Press, 2005).
She has also edited Bad Jobs: My Last Shift at Albert Wong's Pagoda and Other Ugly Tales of the Workplace (Arsenal Pulp, 1998), a collection of memoirs from disgruntled workers, and co-edited Carnal Nation (Arsenal Pulp, 2000), a collection of "brave new sex fictions."
Brooks has worked as a Managing Editor for New Star Books and served as Vice-Chair of the Vancouver Library Board. She is an online instructor in Women's Studies at the University of British Columbia and has written freelance pieces for numerous magazines, newspapers,and more recently websites. She is keenly interested in issues facing writers including the age-old problem of making a living given new digital realities of ebooks, especially such aspects as royalties, publishing consortia and library borrowing models.
With an uncapitalized title, one hundred days of rain (Bookthug $20) won the 2016 Relit Award for best novel. It is a journal-style compendium of 99 days in the life of a woman who struggles to raise her child while coping with a disastrous break-up with her female ex-partner and the estranged father. Promotional materials draw a comparison to Elizabeth Smart's By Grand Central Station I Sat Down and Wept but repetitive descriptions of rain in the Lower Mainland, giving rise to the title, are less memorable than Smart's classic tale of a woman being stranded in Pender Harbour, having a child out of wedlock and doomed to loving an egocentric, married man, in a more conservative time. The narrator's harried urban life is also less dire than being marooned in a tiny, coastal hamlet. Lots of white space and fractured narrative don't give rise to a memorable tale, but there's an underlying intelligence that serves as an original force. 978-177-166-090-7
Bad Jobs: My Last Shift at Albert Wong's Pagoda and Other Ugly Tales of the Workplace (Arsenal Pulp, 1998). Editor.
Carnal Nation (Arsenal Pulp, 2000). Co-editor
Every Inch a Woman: Phallic Possession, Femininity, and the Text (UBC Press, 2005) $85. 0-7748-1209-5
Wreck Beach (New Star 2007) ISBN 978-1-55420-031-3.
Fresh Hell (Demeter 2013) $14.95 978-1-927335-32-1
one hundred days of rain (bookthug 2015) $20 978-177-166-090-7
Articles: 3 Articles for this author
Bad Jobs, (Arsenal Pulp $16.95)
"Bad jobs are an insult to anybody who can think, because, as we all know, the majority of work situations view tendencies towards intelligence as a positive threat,"; says Xtra West contributing editor and Oxford grad Carellin Brooks. She has worked on an all-lesbian construction crew in San Diego and she's been a Chat Line operator-and those were the good jobs.
In Bad Jobs, (Arsenal Pulp $16.95), Brooks presents the memoirs of disgruntled workers such as Sandra Stevens, a one-time-only stripper; author Grant Buday who delivered flyers; and Hal Niedzviecki, an usher. Niedzviecki must pacify a well-dressed, drunken woman making far too much noise during a Bruce Springsteen ballad. "The reality for the under-employed, over-educated young people of North America is that the stupid job is their future,"; he says.
Larry, a graveyard shift attendant at OK Parking, was once held at knife point. He now surveys the world from the safety of his bullet-proof booth. "Anna Karenina took me a week, as did Dante's Inferno,"; he says. "Ape & Essence and Farewell to Arms took me a night. I am expanding myself in a diminutive job. Not everyone can say that."; 1-55152-055-9
[BCBW SUMMER 1999]
Wreck Beach (New Star $19)
long Wreck Beach and on Vancouver sidewalks, I've been selling copies of Carellin Brooks' new social chronicle Wreck Beach (New Star $19) because it helps people be proud of their Wreck Beach nudist community and its accomplishments.
The reaction has been mixed. Some rednecks, even on Commercial Drive, have shouted obscenities, complaining that I'm naked, despite my sky-blue skimpy swimsuit! On Davie Street others have angrily called me gay.
Many more passers-by have congratulated me, in part because Wreck Beach has done much to help free attitudes about nudity for 37 years. Wreck Beach-the book-is also filling a gap. Full of wit and integrity, it's a vital historical summary that supports the preservation of this freedom destination.
Although Carellin Brooks is herself a young Vancouver "agnostic nudist"; (or naturist), she is mostly objective telling the ups and downs of the beach community. She matter-of-factly relates how the beach was named, why it's nude, the legality, and the politics, including the beach being a largely self-policing enclave.
Some people mentioned in the book might be a little embarrassed (including me), but their treatment is pretty fair. She goes into drugs (legal and illegal), the blonde beach vendor Watermelon's naked busts (her pot arrest), gay sex, gambling, strolling food vendors, relations with the RCMP (mostly harmonious), outhouses, gawkers, textiles (genital-hiders), nude enforcers, flower boxes, Bare Buns Fun Runs, Kokoro Dance performances, and much more.
Brooks' fair-minded approach might help save this near-wilderness from development. And it might even help save University of British Columbia buildings from sliding down the cliff onto Wreck Beach.
My own activism for the beach, and for nudism, goes back to when I organised the first two (and only) demos to defend nudity at Wreck Beach. Nobody has been charged with nudity (a federal crime) at Wreck Beach since our "Nude-In"; on August 23, 1970. We protesters numbered 3,000 (not 2,000, as the book says). At the time I was a young U.S. war resister. Not quite as slack as Brooks writes, but it reads funny, anyway. Then in 1978 we welcomed the Rev. Bernice Gerard, city councillor, as she tried to exorcise the nudity out of us.
Do I claim to have "started"; nudism at Wreck Beach? No. As the book explains, nudity with the First Nations is not a crime or a fetish, as it is for the invaders. They swam but had no swimsuits. Among the many revealing interviews, Brooks talks with Musqueam elder Larry Grant. We're reminded that all of greater Vancouver is part of Coast Salish territory (First Nations).
The indigenes' attitudes, private nudist clubs, and the Doukhobors' nude protests in BC in the 1960s helped set the stage for popularising Wreck Beach nudism in the 1970s.
You might say that the generational attitude shifts about nudity reflect a trend throughout our culture toward tolerance. That trend is prompted in large part by nude beaches, especially Canada's most famous beach of any kind, Wreck Beach.
Vancouver being home to Wreck Beach has played no small part in nudity spreading to the stage (such as at the Fringe Festival), to the World Naked Bike Ride (which began in Vancouver), and the budding topfree movement (females legally doffing their shirts wherever males can).
As an example of Vancouver attitudes slowly regressing to indigenous-like views, the October front cover of Vancouver's Shared Vision magazine had a huge tasteful nude colour cover photo of Stephanie MacDonald, the author of their lead story on breast thermography to detect cancer.
I would have liked a similar photo of Brooks in her book, but she and her publisher have opted for posing her like a bespectacled 1940s "girl reporter,"; although they will provide a nude publicity shot, as seen in Xtra West.
Carellin Brooks has managed to cover with sensitivity even the material which is disturbing, such as the rare unnatural death.
She discusses the nudist movement and philosophy and their relation to this beach. Whereas some nudists deny any sexual motive for their nudity, Brooks doesn't buy that argument completely. She nonetheless makes it clear that social nudity is not the Hugh Hefner poolside fantasy that many imagine.
Brooks celebrates the triumph of people to keep a piece of the earth a near wilderness, and to create there an enduring human community of liberation and love.
Brooks explains the mounting danger of further building and paving at UBC. With such development, the university risks its people, its art and artifacts at the Museum of Anthropology, its other buildings, and its (our) investment. Even in our lifetimes, more sand slides onto the beach could bring some
edifices down.
The whole peninsula on which UBC sits is mostly sand. The university planners don't always consult their own experts on that, but Brooks does. UBC sometimes consults with us, the public-largely because Judy Williams, the Mother of Wreck Beach, insists it does. Luckily, chunks of the cliff usually don't collapse on clear, calm days when the most people are there. However, watch out for earthquakes.
Brooks challenges the powers that be to justify the risk of continued development of UBC-classrooms, apartments, and a big, new shopping mall. The powerful will try to ignore this book, not wanting to bring attention to their weak arguments.
Right now UBC students have set up a People's Park (illegal occupation) to protest the coming commercial mall smack in the middle of campus, at the old bus loop. Visit it on your way to the beach. Maybe this generation won't be lost do-nothings after all!
Why do half a million people from around the world annually head to this beach that is just west of-and outside of-Vancouver city limits? Because it's one thing to be influenced by the media, by school, by church; it's quite another to go to Wreck Beach and be thoroughly re-educated, mentally and emotionally, through all five of your senses.
Although Brooks refused my fact-checking, she gets nothing major wrong. My detailed suggestions: www.korky.ca/nude-peace.html.
Wreck Beach is for now the only book on the store shelf focusing on our spectacular beach in the rain forest. It's a 96-page soft cover with 27 black-and-white photos and one map. The next two books I hope will be published are a big colour photo book and a book by or about Judy E. Williams, whom you get to know in Brooks' book.
--review by Korky Day, one of the early young upstarts in the collective that owned and produced the Georgia Straight newspaper, has long been an activist for nudism.
Korky Day
Publisher's Promo (2013)
Fresh Hell isn't about perfect new moments with your infant. It doesn't dispense sensible advice or prescribe schedules to manage the lawless days and nights of early maternity. Instead, this literary think piece, which has been described as "Eat, Pray, Love for the smarter mommy crowd,"; seesaws between disaster and delight, horror and grim resignation, much like early motherhood itself. An antigen to the anodyne, mother-knows-least tone of such cordially hated tomes as What to Expect in the First Year, Fresh Hell answers Dorothy Parker's question - "What fresh hell is this?"; - in exhaustive detail.
In fifty-two spare meditations, one for each week of baby's first year, Brooks sleeplessly covers the new mother's least favourite subjects: baby poop, more baby poop, breastfeeding and its relation to same, the pointless fights with a lover that are the inevitable result of broken nights and endless days, trying and failing to get basic work done, and all the other low points of having a baby. The book reminds frantic and time-strapped new moms that their brains are only temporarily on vacation, while its poetry will convince them that the madness they experience is intermittently divine.
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Total copy number variation as a prognostic factor in adult astrocytoma subtypes
Kanish Mirchia1,
Adwait Amod Sathe2,
Jamie M. Walker3,4,
Yelena Fudym1,
Kristyn Galbraith1,
Mariano S. Viapiano5,6,
Robert J. Corona1,
Matija Snuderl7,
Chao Xing2,8,9,
Kimmo J. Hatanpaa10 &
Timothy E. Richardson1
Since the discovery that IDH1/2 mutations confer a significantly better prognosis in astrocytomas, much work has been done to identify other molecular signatures to help further stratify lower-grade astrocytomas and glioblastomas, with the goal of accurately predicting clinical outcome and identifying potentially targetable mutations. In the present study, we subclassify 135 astrocytomas (67 IDH-wildtype and 68 IDH-mutant) from The Cancer Genome Atlas dataset (TCGA) on the basis of grade, IDH-status, and the previously established prognostic factors, CDK4 amplification and CDKN2A/B deletion, within the IDH-mutant groups. We analyzed these groups for total copy number variation (CNV), total mutation burden, chromothripsis, specific mutations, and amplifications/deletions of specific genes/chromosomal regions. Herein, we demonstrate that across all of these tumor groups, total CNV level is a relatively consistent prognostic factor. We also identified a trend towards increased levels of chromothripsis in tumors with lower progression-free survival (PFS) and overall survival (OS) intervals. While no significant differences were identified in overall mutation load, we did identify a significantly higher number of cases with mutations in genes with functions related to maintaining genomic stability in groups with higher mean CNV and worse PFS and OS intervals, particularly in the IDH-mutant groups. Our data further support the case for total CNV level as a potential prognostic factor in astrocytomas, and suggest mutations in genes responsible for overall genomic instability as a possible underlying mechanism for some astrocytomas with poor clinical outcome.
Diffuse gliomas are among the most common primary CNS tumors, representing approximately 27% of all primary brain tumors [29, 30]. Due to their infiltrative nature, these tumors are surgically incurable, although the exact prognosis depends on numerous histologic and molecular factors. The standard of care now dictates molecular classification of gliomas based on IDH1/2 mutation status as IDH-mutant gliomas have a significantly better prognosis than their IDH-wildtype grade-matched counterparts [25]. While histologic grade shows correlation with overall survival within these molecular groups, there remains significant heterogeneity in clinical outcome.
Since the widespread adoption of the 2016 WHO classification system, much work has been done to find further molecular markers to sub-stratify both IDH-mutant and IDH-wildtype astrocytomas in hopes of better predicting tumor behavior and outcome, including identification of secondary mutations, focal genetic alterations, methylation patterns, and multivariate prognostic models [3, 24, 42, 44]. Within the IDH-wildtype groups, these studies have suggested that lower-grade gliomas (LGG) with EGFR amplification, gain of chromosome 7 and loss of 10, or TERT promoter mutations will have aggressive clinical courses and outcomes similar to IDH-wildtype glioblastoma, regardless of histologic features. In IDH-mutant groups, lower-grade tumors with alterations in genes in the retinoblastoma pathway, including amplification of CDK4 and deletion of CDKN2A/B, demonstrate significantly worse clinical behavior and shorter patient survival [1, 5, 8, 33].
Previous work has demonstrated that IDH-mutant glioblastomas have higher levels of total copy number variation (CNV) across the entire genome and evidence of more frequent chromothripsis than lower-gradeIDH-mutant astrocytomas [9]. We subsequently showed that in IDH-mutant grade II and III astrocytomas, this increased level of CNV was present before progression to glioblastoma in cases with exceptionally poor outcomes, defined by rapid progression to glioblastoma and short survival times after initial diagnosis [36, 37]. The poor outcome appeared to be directly correlated with overall CNV, but not other factors, including mutation burden or differences in methylation profiles, suggesting that this large scale CNV pattern could potentially override the beneficial effect of IDH-mutant status.
To better understand the effect of CNV, we analyzed 135 astrocytic tumors from The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) (67 IDH-wildtype and 68 IDH-mutant cases) with respect to clinical outcome, CNV levels, chromosomal and specific gene amplification and deletion events, chromothripsis, total mutation load, specific mutations in known glioma/GBM genes, and mutations in genes associated with overall genomic instability. Building on our previous results, we performed wide scale genomic analysis, on a framework of pre-established prognostic factors including grade, IDH1/2-status, and the presence of CDK4 amplifications or CDKN2A/B deletions. With the exception of 2 IDH1/2-wildtype cases, CDK4 amplification and CDKN2A/B deletion were found to be mutually exclusive. We divided the cases into 5 groups: IDH1/2-mutant LGG without CDK4 amplification or CDKN2A/B deletion (Group 1), IDH1/2-mutant LGG with either CDK4 amplification or CDKN2A/B deletion LGG (Group 2), IDH1/2-mutant GBM (Group 3), IDH1/2-wildtype LGG (Group 4), and IDH1/2-wildtype GBM (Group 5).
We demonstrate that higher levels of CNV and chromothripsis are correlated with clinical outcome in the IDH-mutant groups, while the IDH-wildtype groups had uniformly high CNV levels and poor outcomes. Other prognostic factors appear to be inconsistent. We also identified a significantly higher number of mutations in genes involved with overall genomic stability, paralleling levels of overall CNV and chromothripsis, in the cases with worse prognosis. While defining the exact role of genes involved in progression may still be needed for development of individualized targeted therapies, use of CNV could potentially serve as a clinically impactful model for prognostication of different astrocytoma subtypes, and may aid in our understanding of the underlying biology of these tumor types.
TCGA case selection
Using the cBioportal interface, we performed a search of 380 glioblastoma cases and 539 lower-grade gliomas (LGG, defined here as WHO grade II-III) [6, 9, 14]. The original histologic diagnoses reported in TCGA included astrocytoma, oligoastrocytoma, anaplastic astrocytoma, anaplastic oligoastrocytoma, and glioblastoma. All cases were manually reclassified according the WHO 2016 criteria as diffuse astrocytomas (WHO grade II-IV) by histology, intact 1p/19q status, and IDH1/2, ATRX, and TP53 status. Oligodendrogliomas were specifically excluded on the basis of 1p/19q co-deletion, as these tumors have been shown to have different underlying molecular drivers and a more favorable clinical outcome as a group. All cases selected represented the first resection specimen and were segregated into lower-grade (WHO grades II and III) [9, 28, 35] and GBM (WHO grade IV) within the IDH1/2 mutation groups. We identified 5 groups based on previously identified prognostic factors, including histologic grade, IDH1/2, CDK4, and CDKN2A/B status [1, 8, 25, 31, 45] and selected groups of TCGA cases that met these criteria: Group 1, IDH1/2-mutant LGG without CDK4 amplification or CDKN2A/B deletion (n = 24, mean age = 38.8 ± 1.9 years); Group 2, IDH1/2-mutant, CDK4-amplified/CDKN2A/B-deleted LGG (n = 22, mean age = 38.8 ± 1.9 years); Group 3, IDH1/2-mutant GBM (n = 22, mean age = 40.5 ± 2.7 years); Group 4, IDH1/2-wildtype LGG (n = 25, mean age = 54.0 ± 2.6 years); Group 5, IDH1/2-wildtype GBM (n = 42, mean age = 62.8 ± 1.7 years) (Table 1).
Table 1 Summary of available clinical, histologic, and molecular data from each astrocytoma subgroup analyzed
Genetic and epigenetic analysis
The gene expression (Illumina HiSeq, RNASeq) and DNA methylation data (Illumina Human Methylation 450) was downloaded for the selected TCGA cases and analyzed with TCGAbiolinks [10]. The Affymetrix SNP 6.0 microarray data normalized to germline for copy number analysis for the same TCGA cases was downloaded from Broad GDAC Firehose (http://gdac.broadinstitute.org/runs/stddata__2016_01_28/). The fraction of copy number alterations was calculated from the above data as the fraction of the genome with log2 of copy number > 0.3 following the procedure used in cBioportal [14]. The mutation load is the number of nonsynonymous mutations seen in a sample. The differential analysis and visualization of mutations was done using Maftools [26]. The Ideogram for visualization of genome-wide copy number variation results was generated using Genome Decoration Page (https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/genome/tools/gdp). The pathway and network analyses were conducted using Qiagen’s IPA tool (www.qiagen.com/ingenuity) and R 3.4.1 (http://www.R-project.org/).
GISTIC analysis
The GISTIC (Genomic Identification of Significant Targets in Cancer) 2.0 algorithm was used to identify regions of the genome that are significantly amplified or deleted between the 5 groups of IDH1/2-mutant and wildtype astrocytoma cases [27]. Each area of CNV is assigned a G-score that considers the amplitude of the alteration as well as the frequency of its occurrence across samples. The false discovery rate (FDR) was then used to determine the relative significance of each abnormality. Each region predicted to be significantly different between the 5 groups was screened for tumor suppressor genes, oncogenes, and other genes associated with glioma and malignancy [2, 27]. GISTIC 2.0 analysis was run using GenePattern [32].
Mutation analysis of genes involved in maintenance of genomic stability
A group of genes with previously identified roles in cell proliferation and maintaining chromosomal stability were identified by a literature review and included the following genes: APC, ATM, ATR, BLM, BRCA1 (FANCS), BRCA2 (FANCD1), BUB1B, CHK1, CLSPN, DNA-PK (PRKDC), EME1, FANCA, FANCB, FANCC, FANCD2, FANCE, FANCF, FANCG, FANCI, FANCJ (BRIP1), FANCL, FANCM, FANCN (PALB2), FANCO (RAD51C), FANCP (SLX4), FANCQ, FANCR, FANCT (UBE2T), HUS1, LIG4, MUS81, NBN, POLK, POLN, RAD51, RAD52, REV3, SMC1, SNM1B, TOP1, TP53, WRN, and XLF [7, 16, 36]. Variant annotation was performed using COSMIC [13], dbSNP [39], ClinVar [22], CanProVar 2.0 [23], The 1000 Genomes Project [15], and FATHMM-MKL [40].
Differences in patient age, mutation burden, and CNV were evaluated using Analysis of Variance (ANOVA). Significance of survival curves were calculated using the Mantel-Cox test (Log-rank test). Proportion of cases with chromothripsis and mutations specifically associated with genome instability were calculated using Fisher’s Exact test. Coefficients of variation (CNV vs survival times) were calculated using Pearson correlation coefficient. All statistical calculations were performed with GraphPad Prism version 7.04 (GraphPad, La Jolla, CA).
Clinical characteristics
As previously demonstrated [1, 8], IDH-mutant LGGs (group 1) had a significantly longer progression-free survival (PFS; median 95 months) and overall survival (OS; > 172 months) than IDH-mutant LGGs with CDK4 amplifications or CDKN2A/B deletions (group 2) (PFS 32 months, p = 0.0224; OS 36 months, p = 0.0150) and a significantly longer PFS and OS than IDH-mutant GBM (group 3) (PFS 10 months, p = 0.0032; OS 33 months, p = 0.0081). A significant difference was not found between IDH-mutant LGGs with CDK4 amplifications or CDKN2A/B deletions (group 2) and IDH-mutant GBM (group 3) in terms of PFS (p = 0.0769) or OS (p = 0.2892) (Fig. 1a-b). No significant difference was found between IDH-wildtype LGGs (group 4) and IDH-wildtype GBM (group 5) in terms of PFS (p = 0.2050) or OS (p = 0.9351) (Fig. 1c-d). Amplifications in CDK4 and deletions in CDKN2A/B did not have prognostic significance within the IDH-mutant GBM group in terms of PFS (p = 0.8406) or OS (p = 0.1471) (Fig. 2a-b).
Kaplan-Meier survival curves demonstrating a significant difference between IDH-mutant LGGs without CDK4 amplification or CDKN2A/B deletion and both IDH-mutant LGGs with CDK4 or CDKN2A/B alterations (p = 0.0224) and IDH-mutant GBMs (p = 0.0032), but not between IDH-mutant LGGs with CDK4 or CDKN2A/B alterations and IDH-mutant GBMs (p = 0.0769) in terms of progression-free survival (a). There was also a significant difference between IDH-mutant LGGs and both IDH-mutant LGGs with CDK4 or CDKN2A/B alterations (p = 0.0150) and IDH-mutant GBMs (p = 0.0081), but not between IDH-mutant LGGs with CDK4 or CDKN2A/B alterations and IDH-mutant GBMs (p = 0.2892) in terms of overall survival (b). No significant differences are identified between IDH-wildtype LGGs and IDH-wildtype GBMs in terms of progression-free survival (p = 0.2050) (c) or overall survival (p = 0.9351) (d)
Comparison between IDH-mutant glioblastoma cases with and without amplifications of CDK4 or deletions of CDKN2A/B. There is no significant difference in progression-free survival (p = 0.8406) (a), overall survival (p = 0.1471) (b), total copy number variation burden (p = 0.5326) (c), or total mutation burden (p = 0.6686) (d) between these groups
No significant difference was identified in the median age of onset within the IDH-mutant groups 1–3, however there was a significant difference between the average age of onset in IDH-mutant LGG cases (38.8 ± 1.9 years) and IDH-wildtype LGG cases (54.0 ± 2.6 years) (p < 0.0001). There was also a significant difference in age of onset between IDH-wildtype LGGs (54.0 ± 2.6 years) and IDH-wildtype GBMs (62.8 ± 1.7 years) (p = 0.0047). There was a trend toward higher histologic tumor grade identified between groups 1 and 2. All IDH1/2-wildtype LGG tumors (group 4) were WHO grade III by histology at initial diagnosis (Table 1).
Total copy number analysis differences
Mirroring the difference in clinical outcome, the total percentage of the genome with copy number alterations was low in the LGGs without CDK4 or CDKN2A/B alterations and uniformly high in the other 4 groups (Table 1). Total copy number variation was 9.1 ± 1.6% in IDH-mutant LGGs (group 1), a significantly lower level than IDH-mutant LGGs with CDK4 amplification or CDKN2A/B deletion (group 2) (21.3 ± 2.5%, p = 0.0003) or IDH-mutant GBM (group 3) (20.0 ± 2.7%, p = 0.0078). No significant difference was identified between any of the groups with statistically equivalent prognoses: group 2 vs group 3, p = 0.7758; group 3 vs group 5, p = 0.5277; or group 4 vs group 5, p = 0.3732) (Fig. 3a, c). No significant difference was noted when comparing IDH-mutant GBM cases with CDK4 amplification or CDKN2A/B deletion to those without (p = 0.5326) (Fig. 2c). These calculations could not be meaningfully performed in either IDH-wildtype group due to the high frequency of CDK4 and CDKN2A/B alterations.
Total copy number variation averages demonstrating a significant difference between IDH-mutant LGGs without CDK4 amplification or CDKN2A/B deletion and both IDH-mutant LGGs with CDK4 or CDKN2A/B alterations (p = 0.0003) and IDH-mutant GBMs (p = 0.0078), but not between IDH-mutant LGGs with CDK4 or CDKN2A/B alterations and IDH-mutant GBMs (p = 0.7783) (a); no significant difference was found in total mutation burden between any group of IDH-mutant astrocytoma (b). There was no significant difference between IDH-wildtype LGGs and IDH-wildtype GBMs in terms of overall copy number variation (p = 0.3732) (c) or total mutation burden (p = 0.5627) (d)
In the IDH-mutant astrocytomas as a whole (groups 1–3), there was a statistically significant inverse correlation between the total copy number variation in each case and both the progression-free survival (r = − 0.3415; p = 0.0047) (Fig. 4a) and overall survival (r = − 0.3098; p = 0.0102) (Fig. 4b). Due to the uniformly high CNV level and poor prognosis in the IDH-wildtype tumor groups 4 and 5, no significant correlation was established between CNV and PFS or OS within these groups.
Scatter plots of copy number variation (%) plotted against survival time (months) in grouped IDH-mutant LGGs and IDH-mutant GBMs with Pearson’s R values, illustrating significant inverse correlations between the two data points in terms of (a) progression-free survival (r = − 0.3415; p = 0.0047) and (b) overall survival (r = − 0.3098; p = 0.0102)
Chromosomal analysis and GISTIC
Analysis of the IDH-mutant tumors (groups 1–3) revealed a heterogeneous assortment of genomic alterations with few consistent chromosomal regions with amplifications or deletions, although there is a clear increase in number of overall alterations between the group 1 IDH-mutant LGGs and the group 2 IDH-mutant LGGs with CDK4 amplification/CDKN2A/B deletion and group 3 IDH-mutant GBM (Fig. 5), quantified in Fig. 3a. Conversely, IDH-wildtype LGGs and GBMs form a relatively homogeneous group with consistent amplifications, including large amplifications along chromosome 7, deletions on 9p, and deletions of chromosome 10 (Fig. 6).
Overall amplification and deletion levels and chromosomal locations in IDH-mutant LGGs without CDK4 amplification or CDKN2A/B deletion (a), IDH-mutant LGGs with either CDK4 amplification or CDKN2A/B deletion (b), and IDH-mutant GBMs (c)
Overall amplification and deletion levels and chromosomal locations in IDH-wildtype LGGs (a) and IDH-wildtype GBMs (b)
As expected based on our case selection, Genomic Identification of Significant Targets In Cancer (GISTIC) analysis showed high levels of amplification of 12q14.1 (a region containing CDK4) in all gliomas with poor prognosis (i.e., groups 2, 3, 4, and 5) but not in group 1. Similarly, 9p21.3 (a region containing CDKN2A) showed frequent deletions in groups 2, 3, 4, and 5 but not in group 1. IDH-wildtype tumors had consistent amplifications of 7p11.2 (containing EGFR) and 1q32.1 and deletions of 1p32.3, but only IDH-wildtype GBM had consistent deletions at 10q23.31. Interestingly, IDH-mutant GBM and IDH-mutant LGGs with CDK4 amplification/CDKN2A/B deletion both had amplifications at 2p24.3 (a chromosomal region containing MYCN). This was not identified in IDH-mutant LGGs with a good clinical outcome or in the IDH-wildtype tumors. Group 1 IDH-mutant LGGs had significant consistent amplifications at 3p25.2, 5q31.1, 8q24.13, 11q24.2, 13q34, 19q13.12, Xp22.32, and Xq28, as well as consistent deletions at 3p14.1, 9p24.2, 11p12, 13q14.3, 14q24.3, and Xq21.1 that were not identified in any other tumor group (Fig. 7). All cytobands shown met the criterion of false discovery rate (FDR) ≤0.25. The annotated cytobands met the criterion of FDR ≤0.05.
GISTIC analysis showing the most consistent and relevant cytoband alterations in IDH-mutant LGGs without CDK4 amplification or CDKN2A/B deletion (a), IDH-mutant LGGs with either CDK4 amplification or CDKN2A/B deletion (b), IDH-mutant GBMs (c), IDH-wildtype LGGs (d), and IDH-wildtype GBMs (e). All cytobands shown met the criterion of false discovery rate (FDR) ≤0.25. The annotated cytobands met the criterion of FDR ≤0.05
Amplifications and deletions in specific genes of interest were rare in the group 1 IDH-mutant LGGs, per our study design (Additional file 1: Figure S1). IDH-mutant astrocytomas with poor clinical outcomes (groups 2 and 3) also showed more frequent amplifications of GLI1, KIT, KDR, MYC, MYCN, GATA3, CCND2, and KRAS as well as more frequent deletions of PTEN, PTPRD, ATRX, and RB1 (Additional file 2: Figure S2 and Additional file 3: Figure S3).
IDH-wildtype groups frequently had amplifications in EGFR, PDGFRA, CDK4, MDM2, MDM4, KIT, and KDR, as well as deletions in CDKN2A/B, and PTEN. CDK4 amplification and CDKN2A/B deletion appear to be almost mutually exclusive, as they only occur together in one IDH-wildtype LGG case and one IDH-wildtype GBM case (2.3% of cases with these alterations) (Additional file 4: Figure S4 and Additional file 5: Figure S5).
Analysis of chromothripsis
Chromothripsis, defined here as 10 or more alternating bands of amplifications and deletions in a single chromosome [9, 21], was identified in at least one tumor in each of the 5 groups analyzed (Table 1). Comparing individual groups, there was a significant difference in the number of cases with chromothripsis between group 1 LGGs without CDK4 amplification or CDKN2A/B deletion and group 3 IDH-mutant glioblastomas (p = 0.0132) and a significant difference in group 1 LGGs compared to all IDH-mutant tumors with poor prognosis (groups 2 and 3 combined) (p = 0.0211). No significant difference was observed between groups 2 and 3 (p = 0.3475) or between the IDH-wildtype groups 4 and 5 (p = 0.7681) (Fig. 8a).
Pie charts illustrating (a) the relative frequency of cases with chromothripsis in all 5 astrocytoma subgroups, showing a statistically significant difference between IDH-mut LGGs without CDK4 amplification or CDKN2A/B deletion and IDH-mut GBMs (p = 0.0132) and between IDH-mut LGGs without CDK4 amplification or CDKN2A/B deletion and all IDH-mut tumors with poor clinical outcome (groups 2 + 3; p = 0.0211). Pie charts illustrating (b) the relative frequency of cases with mutations involving genes related to preservation of overall chromosomal stability in all 5 astrocytoma subgroups, showing a statistically significant difference between IDH-mut LGGs without CDK4 amplification or CDKN2A/B deletion and LGGs with those molecular alterations (p = 0.0197) and between IDH-mut LGG without CDK4 amplification or CDKN2A/B deletion and IDH-mut GBMs (p = 0.0086)
Mutation analysis
Overall mutation load did not differ significantly between any of the tumor groups analyzed (group 1 vs group 2, p = 0.3863; group 1 vs group 3, p = 0.2745; group 2 vs group 3, p = 0.2728; group 3 vs group 5, p = 0.3318; or group 4 vs group 5, p = 0.5627) (Fig. 3b, d).
Analysis of individual genes in the IDH-mutant groups reveals consistently high rates of TP53 mutations in all 3 groups (91–100% of cases) and relatively high rates of ATRX mutations (68–77% of cases). There are other scattered pathogenic mutations, with elevated numbers of EGFR (14%) and PIK3R1 (27%) mutations in the IDH-mutant GBM group (Additional file 1: Figure S1, Additional file 2: Figure S2 and Additional file 3: Figure S3).
The IDH-wildtype tumor groups have significantly lower rates of ATRX mutation in both the LGG group (4%) and GBM group (0%), as well as lower rates of TP53 mutations in the LGG group (20%) and GBM group (33%). Mutations in EGFR (32% in LGG; 24% in GBM), PTEN (28% in LGG; 31% in GBM), NF1 (32% in LGG; 7% in GBM), and RB1 (12% in LGG; 12% in GBM) were seen significantly more frequently in these tumors than in the IDH-mutant groups 1–3 (Additional file 4: Figure S4 and Additional file 5: Figure S5).
Mutation analysis of genes associated with overall genomic instability
Using a 43-gene panel of genes known to be associated with chromosomal instability (excluding TP53 due to its relative frequency across all groups), we detected a significant difference in the number of mutations between group 1 IDH-mutant LGGs without CDK4 amplifications or CDKN2A/B deletions and group 2 IDH-mutant LGGs with either alteration (p = 0.0197) as well as between group 1 IDH-mutant LGGs and group 3 IDH-mutant GBMs (p = 0.0086) (Fig. 8b). No significant difference was identified between the two groups of IDH-wildtype astrocytomas (p = 0.5443). No significant difference was identified between IDH-mutant tumors with poor outcomes (group 2 + 3) and IDH-wildtype tumors with poor prognosis (group 4 + 5) (p = 0.1297), although there was a trend toward fewer mutations in genes specifically associated with chromosomal instability in the IDH-wildtype groups (Tables 1 and 2). These data mirror the trend in level of total CNV and chromothripsis identified in each tumor group.
Table 2 Summary of mutations in genes with known functions related to maintaining DNA and chromosomal stability for each group
Diffuse gliomas represent approximately 27% of all primary brain tumors and approximately 81% of all malignant brain tumors [29, 30], making them an intense subject of study and public health expenditure. The recent changes to glioma classification in the 2016 WHO classification system are based around the beneficial role of IDH-mutation in gliomas [25]; however, significant molecular heterogeneity exists within the lower-gradeIDH-mutant and wildtype gliomas. More work is necessary to further stratify IDH-mutant astrocytomas [44], and there is evidence that many IDH1/2-wildtype LGGs may be biologically identical to IDH1/2-wildtype glioblastomas [17, 34]. In addition, new methods to analyze whole genome genetic and epigenetic signatures are leading to new definitions for many of these tumor groups with significant prognostic implications [4, 38, 43].
We previously reported that increased CNV is associated with a more aggressive biological behavior and poor overall survival in IDH-mutant LGGs [36, 37]. With whole genome analysis in the current study, we show that CNV correlates with clinical outcome, and was significantly lower in the IDH-mutant LGGs compared to the IDH-mutant LGGs with CDK4 or CDKN2A/B alterations or IDH-mutant GBMs. (Figs. 3a and 4). These results confirm our previous findings, in which IDH-mutant LGG cases selected solely on the basis of poor clinical outcome displayed significantly higher levels of CNV before progression to GBM than a cohort with more conventional progression-free and overall survival [36]. The elevated CNV levels in IDH-mutant LGGs with CDK4 or CDKN2A/B alterations and IDH-mutant GBM represent a heterogenous assortment of genomic alterations within the IDH-mutant group with only a few consistent areas of gains and losses (Fig. 5b-c) whereas a large fraction of the CNV in IDH-wildtype tumors arose from consistent amplifications in chromosome 7p (containing EGFR), and deletions in chromosomes 9p and 10 (Fig. 6).
Although the overall CNV changes seem to occur before histologic progression to GBM in cases with other negative prognostic factors and/or clinically demonstrated poor outcomes, there is still uncertainty in the exact connection to elevated levels of CNV and the driving force behind this poor progression. Our data also agrees with the previously demonstrated data that CDK4 and CDKN2A/B alterations are prognostic factors within the IDH-mutant LGGs [44]. While worse prognosis seems to correlate with CDK4 or CDKN2A/B status, our earlier study [36] showed only a fraction of the rapidly progressing tumors had these specific alterations, yet all of them had high overall CNV, indicating that it may be an earlier event or a separate phenomenon altogether. Further analysis of CNV data may help determine if the IDH-mutant LGGs with CDK4 and/or CDKN2A/Balterations are actually early GBMs or simply under-sampled tumors, similar to current thinking on many IDH-wildtype LGGs [3, 42]. While it is reasonable to argue that our cohort of IDH-mutant LGGs without CDK4 or CDKN2A/B alterations show low CNV because they selectively exclude tumors with specific known amplifications/deletions to enrich the other cohorts, if this were to hold true, the clinical outcome would likely also follow the same pattern and would show worse outcome within the other groups containing CDK4 amplification or CDKN2A/B deletion. CDK4 and CDKN2A/B did not show a prognostic difference in IDH-mutant GBMs or IDH-wildtype LGGs or GBMs, and the overall CNV was not different between these two groups (Fig. 2a-c), so the effect of both of these alterations seems limited to IDH-mutant LGG cases. CDK4 amplification and CDKN2A/B deletion also appear to be mutually exclusive, with only two total cases (2.3%) having both molecular alterations (Additional file 4: Figure S4 and Additional file 5: Figure S5).
An additional finding in these tumor groups is the trend toward more frequent mutations in genes associated with overall chromosomal stability in groups with worse clinical outcomes (groups 2–5) compared to the group with relatively favorable outcomes (group 1) (Fig. 8b, Table 2). This correlates positively with the trends toward increased CNV levels and number of cases with chromothripsis and inversely with the progression-free and overall survival in these groups (Table 1). The number of mutations in genes with chromosomal stability functions and cases with chromothripsis are somewhat lower in the IDH-wildtype cohorts compared to groups 2 and 3 in the IDH-mutant cohorts, despite having statistically identical CNV levels (Fig. 8). This difference may be explained by the fact that a large portion of the CNV in these IDH-wildtype groups is more homogeneously associated with specific chromosomal regions (7, 9p, 10) instead of more diffusely distributed as seen in the IDH-mutant groups with high CNV and poor outcome (Figs. 5 and 6).
This process also provides a potential mechanistic explanation for the widespread genomic alterations and the worse prognosis associated with this increase in CNV in at least a subset of cases. Inactivating mutations in genes associated with maintenance of genetic and chromosomal integrity, and the resulting increase in CNV, allows for rapid and widespread changes to the genome, including chromothripsis, and has the potential to cause more frequent gains of oncogenes and loss of tumor suppressor genes and drive tumor formation and progression towards malignancy [11, 19, 20, 41, 46]. This may also suggest a different molecular mechanism underlying total CNV levels in IDH-mutant and IDH-wildtype groups. At this point, however, we can only state that these factors are all correlated with poor clinical outcome, but no causative links can definitively be made.
The present study reinforces our previous findings [36, 37] demonstrating that elevated CNV is associated with poor outcome in grade II and III IDH-mutant astrocytomas, and presents this as a potential prognostic factor. We demonstrate for the first time that higher CNV is associated with previously established prognostic factors within the IDH-mutant LGG subgroup, such as CDK4 amplification and CDKN2A/B deletion. This study is also the first to demonstrate a significant quantitative difference in mutations of genes related to chromosomal stability in groups with higher CNV and worse clinical outcomes (Fig. 8b).
It is important to note that while many of the genetic and epigenetic methods used to generate these data are currently only used for research purposes, recent proof-of-concept studies have demonstrated that specific and large-scale genetic and epigenetic alterations can be identified rapidly and relatively inexpensively [12, 18], including overall methylation patterns indicative of IDH1/2 status, methylation of key gene promotors, CNV, mutations, and gains and losses of key genes and chromosomal regions. These studies have demonstrated that with newer techniques these molecular factors can be identified in approximately the time that it takes to make a histologic diagnosis. It is therefore conceivable that CNV and other molecular factors identified in this report could soon be used clinically at the time of initial diagnosis to help guide prognosis and treatment strategies.
Our results support our previous findings that IDH-mutant lower-grade astrocytomas with higher total CNV are associated with poor clinical outcome and behave more consistently with IDH-mutant GBM than other IDH-mutant LGGs with low CNV, and suggest that CNV could be a viable prognostic factor in these tumors alongside IDH1/2 mutations, CDK4 amplifications, and CDKN2A/B deletions. We demonstrated that high CNV occurs in IDH1/2-wildtype astrocytomas and glioblastomas which also have poor prognoses, although the reason underlying elevated CNV may be different in IDH-mutant and IDH-wildtype tumors. We also provide a possible mechanism for the overall CNV differences in these astrocytoma subgroups, as the CNV levels seem to correlate with numbers of mutations in genes with roles in maintaining genomic stability. These results suggest that high overall CNV negate the beneficial effects of IDH1/2 mutation, and could potentially be used as a prognostic marker in IDH-mutant astrocytomas in the future.
The full dataset used in this study is freely available at www.cbioportal.org and https://www.cancer.gov/about-nci/organization/ccg/research/structural-genomics/tcga.
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M.S. is supported in part by a Friedberg Charitable Foundation.
Department of Pathology, State University of New York, Upstate Medical University, Syracuse, NY, 13210, USA
Kanish Mirchia
, Yelena Fudym
, Kristyn Galbraith
, Robert J. Corona
& Timothy E. Richardson
Eugene McDermott Center for Human Growth & Development, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, 75390, USA
Adwait Amod Sathe
& Chao Xing
Department of Pathology, University of Texas Health Science Center, San Antonio, TX, 78229, USA
Jamie M. Walker
Glenn Biggs Institute for Alzheimer’s & Neurodegenerative Diseases, University of Texas Health Science Center, San Antonio, TX, 78229, USA
Department of Neuroscience and Physiology, State University of New York, Upstate Medical University, Syracuse, NY, 13210, USA
Mariano S. Viapiano
Department of Neurosurgery, State University of New York, Upstate Medical University, Syracuse, NY, 13210, USA
Department of Pathology, New York University Langone Medical Center, New York City, NY, 10016, USA
Matija Snuderl
Department of Bioinformatics, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, 75390, USA
Chao Xing
Department of Population and Data Sciences, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, 75390, USA
Department of Pathology, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, 75390, USA
Kimmo J. Hatanpaa
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Conception of the work: KJH, TER. Design of the work: KM, JMW, MSV, MS, KJH, TER. Acquisition/analysis/interpretation of the data: KM, AAS, MSV, CX, KJH, TER. Creation of new software used in the work: not applicable. Drafted the work or substantively revised it: KM, JMW, YF, KG, MSV, RJC, KJH, TER. All authors read and approved the final manuscript.
Correspondence to Timothy E. Richardson.
Figure S1. Summary plot showing the frequency of genes with pathologic mutations and amplifications, IDH-mutant LGGs without CDK4 amplification or CDKN2A/B deletion. (TIF 91 kb)
Figure S2. Summary plot showing the frequency of genes with pathologic mutations and amplifications/deletions, IDH-mutant LGGs with either CDK4 amplification or CDKN2A/B deletion. (TIF 90 kb)
Figure S3.. Summary plot showing the frequency of genes with pathologic mutations and amplifications/deletions, IDH-mutant GBMs. (TIF 86 kb)
Figure S4. Summary plot showing the frequency of genes with pathologic mutations and amplifications/deletions, IDH-wildtype LGGs. (TIF 95 kb)
Figure S5. Summary plot showing the frequency of genes with pathologic mutations and amplifications/deletions, IDH-wildtype GBMs. (TIF 140 kb)
Mirchia, K., Sathe, A.A., Walker, J.M. et al. Total copy number variation as a prognostic factor in adult astrocytoma subtypes. acta neuropathol commun 7, 92 (2019). https://doi.org/10.1186/s40478-019-0746-y
Received: 12 April 2019
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E-Newsletter - December 2017
Growth Biomarker Strategy in Neoadjuvant Setting May Predict Long-term Outcome for Patients with ER+ Breast Cancer
Alliance A011106 - Alternate Approaches for Clinical Stage II or III Estrogen Receptor Positive Breast Cancer Neoadjuvant Treatment (ALTERNATE) in postmenopausal women
Estrogen receptor positive (ER-positive) breast cancer in postmenopausal women is a major public health problem. In the U.S., one in 8 women will be diagnosed with breast cancer in their life time. More than 252,000 new cancer cases and nearly 40,600 deaths are expected to be attributed to breast cancer each year, according to the American Cancer Society. Among all breast cancer cases, more than 75 percent occur in postmenopausal women, in whom 80 percent of the cases are ER-positive. Since the majority of breast cancer cases are diagnosed at an early stage (I-III), relapse of early-stage disease accounts for the majority of breast cancer deaths. Although ER-positive breast cancer tends to recur later in the course of disease than ER-negative breast cancer, the cumulative rate of recurrence over time is similar for both disease groups. Therefore, recurrence of ER-positive breast cancer in postmenopausal women is a major contributor of breast cancer mortality.
Adjuvant therapy following curative surgery has significantly improved breast cancer outcome. In the case of ER-positive breast cancer, systemic chemotherapy followed by endocrine treatment with tamoxifen has been shown to half the breast cancer mortality rate. The recent introduction of aromatase inhibitors (AIs) in early stage breast cancer has further reduced the recurrence rate, however a significant number of patients recur despite the current standard treatment. At a median follow-up of 120 months in patients enrolled in the Arimidex, Tamoxifen, Alone or in Combination (ATAC) trial, recurrence was observed in 19.7 percent and 24.0 percent of patients treated with five years of adjuvant anastrozole and tamoxifen, respectively, with a persistent risk of relapse over time observed in both treatment arms, indicating a need to improve the current standard therapy. However, the evaluation of new agents in the adjuvant setting has traditionally required large number of patients and years of follow up to demonstrate the effectiveness in reducing cancer relapse and/or mortality. The development of surrogate endpoints for disease free survival (DFS) and overall survival (OS) is needed for efficient drug screening and to expedite the drug development process.
The goal of Alliance A011106 is to develop a Ki67-based (growth) biomarker strategy in the neoadjuvant setting to predict long-term outcome of patients with ER+ breast cancer. Alliance researchers intend to validate the achievement of the Modified Preoperative Endocrine Prognostic Index (PEPI) score of 0, post neoadjuvant endocrine therapy as a surrogate marker of success for DFS.8 Based on promising data in the metastatic setting, researchers will also compare fulvestrant alone, fulvestrant in combination with anastrozole and anastrozole alone in regards to the rate of modified PEPI 0 to provide rationale for future adjuvant studies of fulvestrant in ER+ early stage breast cancer. In this trial, endocrine resistant tumors are identified early by Ki67 assessment on the four-week tumor (required) and then the 12-week (optional) biopsies. Patients with tumor levels of Ki67 greater than 10 percent at these time points will be switched to neoadjuvant weekly paclitaxel, or other standard taxane and/or anthracycline or CMF (cyclophosphamide, methotrexate and fluorouracil) regimens to assess the rate of complete pathologic response (pCR) to chemotherapy as a secondary endpoint.
By providing validated surrogate endpoints for endocrine therapy agents and the response data (pCR rate) to standard chemotherapy for the resistant population, results from this study are expected to provide the foundation for future novel therapeutics development for early stage ER+ breast cancer.
Refer to the study protocol (Alliance A011106), which can be found on the CTSU menu (ctsu.org) for complete information on the trial design, treatment plan and patient eligibility. The Alliance Study Chair is Cynthia Ma, MD, PhD, Washington University School of Medicine, e-mail: cma@dom.wustl.edu.
Learn more about the Alliance A011106 trial here.
For other articles in the December issue of the Alliance E-News newsletter, see below.
Recap: Alliance Fall Group Meeting
Message From the Group Chair and Group Statistician
Spotlight on Trials:
Recent Alliance Protocol Activations
Ongoing Trials - Alliance A011104 and Alliance A011106
Alliance at ASH 2017
Alliance at SABCS 2017
Announcements: Awards + Honors
Alliance Most Significant Manuscripts
Alliance Scholar Award
Announcements: General
Service Recognition: Alliance Patient Advocate Committee Members
In Memoriam: Jack Whelan
Alliance/ASCO Abstract Submission Deadline
Meet the Alliance Executive Officers
Alliance Disparities Committee Corner
Did You Know? Alliance Website Tips
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Developers Blog | Press Kit | Support Community | Privacy
Also available for Android, Windows, Mac OS, Linux, Steam, iOS, Kindle Fire, Chrome and Facebook.
My Colony is a space colonization and city building simulation game. Start with a small landing craft on a barren and desolate world, and build it up into a thriving space empire!
My Colony is all about building your city and managing all of it's various aspects, from resources, employment, education, housing, happiness, and more. You can start on a relatively simple earth-like planet, or choose from some of the more brutal and inhospitable worlds for an added challenge. There are also four unique civilizations to choose from, each with their own tech and building trees.
My Colony can be played in either online or offline mode. Online mode requires an Ape Apps account, and allows you to found your colony under the government of another player, who will help take care of you and send you resources and aid in the early game. Once you grow and your civilization becomes self-sufficient, you may declare independence and even take new child colonies under your own wing as the leader of a commonwealth of planets.
In offline mode, there is still limited multiplayer over a local area network. You may exchange resources and send messages between other players on the same LAN.
In My Colony, you can create either a single city game, or create a new region, which is a collection of smaller colonies working together in tandem, sharing a similar resource and technology pool. Each play mode offers a unique style and different challenges.
Finally, My Colony also includes both a map and texture editor, so that you may mod and customize the game as you see fit. You can even export your game modifications and share them with others!
My Colony is a large game and is under constant development, with new content being added on a regular basis. Check it out, and leave feedback on things you would like to see added or changed! Most of the new content in the game is the direct result of community feedback, so your ideas matter!
Thanks for trying My Colony!
drone3 - Brian Dill - http://www.leftandwrite.com/brian/music/midi_songs.php
messenger - Michael Fonos - https://www.mfiles.co.uk/midi-original.htm
deeper - tanner helland - http://www.tannerhelland.com/1531/deeper/
memoryaway - tanner helland - http://www.tannerhelland.com/28/a-memory-away/
surreptitious - tanner helland - http://www.tannerhelland.com/7/surreptitious/
squadron - bjorn lynne - https://www.lynnemusic.com/midi.html
ebe - T.J.Moir - http://www.angelfire.com/mo/muchalls/music.html
storm80 - Nathan Rodriguez - http://flynlr.njrod.com/myown.htm
Russian translations provided by Anton zlo
French translations provided by Sobeirannovaocc and Freedmoon
Premium License Key
My Colony is completely free, but it is supported by in-app advertising. Premium upgrade options are available on all major platforms, but if you purchase a license key directly from Ape Apps, you will recieve a license key file which unlocks the upgraded version of My Colony on all platforms! Click Here for more info.
My Colony v1.2.0 Released
Wed, 08 Jan 2020 17:12:40 Today the finishing touches are going into My Colony v1.2.0 and the patch should be hitting all platforms and app stores over the coming days. Although this is v1.2.0, it's really more like v1.0.0 Part 3, as it mainly features more cleanup from the fallout of the major engine changes introduced in the v1.0.0 patch. It is my hope that, with this patch, the engine changes are mostly stabilized and I can finally move on to some more interesting updates. That said, there are also some new structures and features coming along for the ride in this patch, so let's take a look at what is new!
How to Access My Colony Beta
Sun, 05 Jan 2020 12:50:28 Tomorrow (Jan 6) I plan to begin work on the My Colony v1.2.0 patch, as there are still outstanding bugs related to the recent major engine changes. For this next patch (and with all patches going forward), the Web version of My Colony no longer defaults to the latest in-development beta code.
Sun, 29 Dec 2019 19:29:19 I hope everybody had a Merry Christmas and is looking forward to the new year next week. Today I am putting out a quick bug-fix patch to all platforms as v1.1.0. I do not have time to do a full update right now, but since so many people are having mass-death issues on the v1.0 patch, I had to take the time to rush something out real quick. I have not had enough time to research the issue 100%, but in testing some people are having less of an issue than they were before.
My Colony
Check out our entire catalog of apps and games!
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A Racing Journey
International racing through an Australian perspective
Admitting you have an addiction is recognised as the first step towards rehabilitation.
But no amount of acknowledgement can solve mine, nor is there an inclination to be rehabilitated.
Horse racing has formed a significant part of my identity. It’s something I’ve embraced from a young age.
Every moment relates to racing, it’s parlance used to describe ordinary events.
When appointments are made weeks in advance, the mind first considers what stakes races are scheduled with personal availability a secondary concern.
So my interest was sparked immediately when the opportunity arose to attend a family wedding in Italy during mid-May.
“The Italian Derby is around that time of the year,” I thought.
The Derby would be held the day after the wedding, scuttling that idea unless bypassing the wedding altogether which was briefly contemplated. Common sense won out.
But that planted the seed for a racing themed expedition across Europe. No meeting was too big or small for attendance.
The starting point was Rome’s Capannelle racecourse, a six-race card on a quiet Friday afternoon.
The following three days were spent at the Parisian hippodromes of Auteuil, Longchamp and Saint-Cloud.
I then crisscrossed the channel for the Oaks and Derby at Epsom before an early morning flight, taxi and trek through Chantilly’s forest for the Prix du Jockey-Club.
Where else could you watch such a quantity of quality racing within 72 hours?
Those famed training grounds of Chantilly and Newmarket were toured before attending meetings at Brighton, Newmarket, Nottingham, Aintree and York. Five days at Royal Ascot acted as the dessert.
Over 29 days (May 25 to June 23, 2018), I attended 17 meetings across 12 racetracks, witnessing 15 Group 1 races.
And then it was over, back on the plane home from Heathrow surrounded by English football fans gleefully clapping each of the six goals against Panama, waking up unsuspecting passengers in the cabin.
They foolishly thought football was coming home during the group stages. Thankfully he’s still on leave, unlike myself, which left us all with an uncomfortable reality to ponder.
Those plentiful moments of mid-air thinking prompted the creation of this blog.
My fondness for Australian racing still remains but that period of introspection at 30,000-feet uncovered how much fun I had in discovering something new.
There’s so much Australians, including myself, don’t know about overseas racing.
This comes at a time where those who’ve commenced their careers abroad dominate our domestic scene. Possessing that foreign knowledge is incredibly valuable.
So read on and come on a racing journey.
– Carl Di Iorio
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Five Reasons Courtney Love Is Wrong About Saxophones Not Belonging in Rock 'n' Roll
As we all know, in the 1980s, the coolest member of any band was always the sax player. It's why Rob Lowe played one (while wearing a beautiful headband) in St. Elmo's Fire, and it's why Tina Turner's sexy sax…
@All Shook Down by Rae Alexandra April 16, 2014 @ 7:00 am Tags: Bon Iver, Bruce Springsteen, Clarence Clemons, Courtney Love, Dave Grohl, INXS, John Parish, Kirk Pengilly, M83, PJ Harvey, Rob Lowe, St Elmo's Fire, The Lost Boys, Video
On the Shock, Confusion, and Horror of Liking a Coldplay Song
There are certain pivotal events in a person's life. Moments that force you to take a step back, re-evaluate everything that has happened in the years that led up to this day, and perhaps rethink how the future is going…
@All Shook Down by Rae Alexandra February 26, 2014 @ 9:33 am Tags: Bon Iver, Chris Martin, Coldplay, Lorde, Midnight, Video
Change of Oldies: Shannon and the Clams Sharpen Vintage Pop to a Raw Edge
If there is a playbook of rock band moves, the plan to "go somewhere weird and faraway to write and record new songs" would be on one of its most weathered pages. The reasoning behind the move is simple —…
by Ian S. Port May 15, 2013 Tags: Music, Feature, Cody Blanchard, Shannon Shaw, The Rolling Stones, Bon Iver, The New Parish
Calendar, Night&Day
by Ian S. Port May 8, 2013 Tags: Night&Day, Highlights, Cody Blanchard, Shannon Shaw, The Rolling Stones, Bon Iver, The New Parish
Chocolate Cheez, Fried Pickles, and HSUS is the Devil (Says Pork Industry)
Guys, I wasn't even kidding, Annie Oliverio made us vegan chocolate dessert cheese! Can you believe it? I, for one, cannot believe it. And I can't wait to try it! Provided I get my ass off the couch and…
@SFoodie by Megan Rascal November 12, 2012 @ 9:15 am Tags: Week in Vegan, Bender's, Bon Iver, chocolate, HSUS, Hurricane Sandy, Meatless Monday, turkeys, Video
A First Listen to The Flaming Lips and Heady Fwends, Feat. Ke$ha, Erykah Badu, Bon Iver and More
I loved, loved the Flaming Lips' Embryonic, and find The Soft Bulletin to be a pretty magical cornucopia. Pretty big fan of 1995's Clouds Taste Metallic as well. Yet I've never considered for even a second if the Lips…
@All Shook Down by Dan Weiss April 23, 2012 @ 8:37 am Tags: First Listens, bon iver, chris martin, first listens, ke$ha, record store day, the flaming lips, Video
The Grammys: A Timeline of Madness and Misery
The 54th Annual Grammy Awards happened yesterday. Which we're sure you know already. If you missed it, however, you may have missed some of the weirdest details. So here, for your convenience, is a timeline of events. Get comfortable, 'cause…
@All Shook Down by Rae Alexandra February 13, 2012 @ 9:42 am Tags: Awards, Adele, Alicia Keys, Amy Winehouse, Beach Boys, Blake Shelton, Bon Iver, Bonnie Raitt, Bruce Springsteen, Bruno Mars, Carrie Underwood, Chris Brown, Coldplay, Deadmau5, Diana Ross, Etta James, Fergie, Foo Fighters, Foster The People, Gil Scott Heron, Glenn Campbell, Grammys, Gwyneth Paltrow, Jack Black, Jason Aldean, Jay-Z, Jennifer Hudson, John Cornelius, Kanye West, Katy Perry, Kelly Clarkson, Lady Antebellum, Lady Gaga, Lil Wayne, LL Cool J, Marc Anthony, Maroon 5, Neil Patrick Harries, Nicki Minaj, Questlove, Reba, Rihanna, Ryan Seacrest, Stevie Wonder, The Band Perry, The Civil Wars, Tony Bennett, Whitney Houston
Madonna Is Playing the Bay Area This Fall
Fresh off her headline-generating performance with M.I.A. and a few other people at the Super Bowl this past weekend, Madonna announced a huge run of tour dates today, including a Bay Area show. The Madge will of course be…
@All Shook Down by Ian S. Port February 7, 2012 @ 9:50 am Tags: Show To Know, Bon Iver, Madonna, Metallica, Video
Album of the Year: Handicapping the Race for the Best Record of 2011
It's almost November -- the month when music scribes pull their ears out of whatever Sonic Youth/Public Enemy/Kate Bush playlist they normally exist to and begin cramming for that all-important professional exercise: The annual Best Of list. Picking the 10…
@All Shook Down by Ian S. Port October 27, 2011 @ 2:34 pm Tags: 2011 Music Lists, Adele, Beyonce, Bon Iver, Destroyer, Girls, Jay-Z, Kanye West, lists, PJ Harvey, Tune-Yards
Music, Sizzle & Fizzle
Sizzle & Fizzle: Highs and Lows from the Last Week in S.F. Music
Sizzle Bon Iver brought its woozy falsetto magic to a sold-out Greek Theatre and proved entrancing, casting songs from both Justin Vernon's lauded debut and this year's follow-up in rousing volume and increased presence — aided greatly by a nine-piece…
by SF Weekly Staff September 28, 2011 Tags: Sizzle & Fizzle, Justin Vernon, Bon Iver, Facebook Inc., Spotify Ltd., Greek Theatre
Bon Iver Turns Up the Volume at the Greek Theatre
Bon Iver Other Lives September 22, 2011 Greek Theatre Better than: Thursday night network TV premieres (but don't forget to set the DVR). See more pictures from Bon Iver at the Greek Theater. The Campanile bells of the University…
@All Shook Down by Mike Orme September 23, 2011 @ 8:27 am Tags: Last Night, Bon Iver, Other Lives
In Print: Jimmy Eat World Revisits Bleed American, and More
Jimmy Eat World: In 2001, four friends from Mesa, Ariz., made an album called Bleed American -- a set of sentimental, earnest, and immensely relatable pop-punk anthems. Teenagers everywhere shoved the CD into their car stereos as they snuck out…
@All Shook Down by Ian S. Port September 21, 2011 @ 8:44 am Tags: In Print, Bon Iver, Deviants 2011, Jimmy Eat World, Junior Boys, Two Door Cinema Club
Gayngs at the Independent: Sexier (and Obviously Weirder) Than Your Prom
Gayngs White Hinterland June 1, 2011 @ The Independent Better than: Your actual prom, including the hotel room afterparty Picture a prom night in the early 1990s, in a glittering hall with a live band that plays soulful, heart-thumping music,…
@All Shook Down by Emily Savage June 2, 2011 @ 7:22 am Tags: Last Night, bon iver, gayngs, har mar superstar
The Ghosts of Outside Lands Past
Now that this year's Outside Lands lineup has been released in full and stayed true to its lil-bit-hippie-lil-bit-hip-hop roots and the folk vs. funk vibe, will you be forking over some coin when the tickets go on sale tomorrow? How…
@All Shook Down by Jolene Torr June 1, 2010 @ 11:28 am Tags: Outside Lands, Band of Horses, Beck, Bon Iver, Broken Social Scene, Dave Matthews Band, Dead Weather, Jack Johnson, Liars, Modest Mouse, Outside Lands, Pearl Jam, Radiohead, Rogue Wave, Sharon Jones and the Dap Kings, Tenacious D, The Mars Volta, The Walkmen, Tom Jones, Tom Petty, TV on the Radio, Wilco
Music, Hear This
Now that his cabin-recorded debut has penetrated all corners of the globe, Justin Vernon is taking his onetime solo project Bon Iver on the road with his former DeYarmond Edison bandmates, who now comprise Megafaun. Earlier this year, he applied…
by Doug Wallen September 23, 2009 Tags: Hear This, Show Preview, Justin Vernon, Bon Iver, DeYarmond Edison, Milwaukee
Music, Reviewed
The title track of Bon Iver's new EP is an example of mastermind Justin Vernon's songwriting at its best. The tune is a delicate ballad, rich in sentiment but completely schmaltz-free. Musically, it comprises layered vocals over a melancholy, descending…
by Jonah Flicker January 28, 2009 Tags: Reviewed, CD Review, Justin Vernon, Bon Iver, Kanye West
Music, Let's Get Killed
Getting 'Touchy' in 2008
Forget naughty and nice. The real lists to consider in December come from music fans. After sorting through hundreds (thousands? kabillions?) of CDs and MP3s, every media outlet from the biggies to the bloggers puts pop culture through the same…
by Jennifer Maerz December 24, 2008 Tags: Let's Get Killed, Columns, Bon Iver, Fleet Foxes, Luie Luie, Stephin Merritt
Megafaun's Megaharmonies
This Independence Day weekend, celebrate the (mostly) olden days of music with Megafaun. The rootsy trio from Durham, North Carolina, specializes in stringed and fingerpicked instruments, from banjos to violins and guitars. Add some melancholy piano melodies, and you have…
by Jennifer Maerz July 2, 2008 Tags: Hear This, Show Preview, Durham (North Carolina), Bon Iver
Bon Iver may mostly be just a dude and a guitar, but don't go thinking singer-songwriter. Justin Vernon's French-named one-man band is much more, thanks to cobwebs of hazy effects and home-recorded imperfections. That's because Bon Iver wasn't intended to…
by Doug Wallen March 19, 2008 Tags: Reviewed, CD Review, Justin Vernon, Bon Iver, DeYarmond Edison, Iron & Wine
SXSW highlights: David Banner, Bon Iva, MGMT, Clockcleaner, and Dark Meat
After spending five days in Austin for SXSW, doing tasks one at a time seems odd. Why eat dinner at a table when you can be scarfing beans and tortillas by the taco truck while cross-checking club schedules until your…
by Jennifer Maerz March 19, 2008 Tags: Let's Get Killed, Columns, Austin, David Banner, South by Southwest Festival, Bon Iver
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#GaryCooper
Gary Cooper, nato Frank James Cooper (Helena, 7 maggio 1901 – Beverly Hills, 13 maggio 1961), è stato un attore statunitense.
È stato candidato 5 volte all’Oscar, vincendolo in due occasioni, nel 1942 e nel 1953, ai quali se ne aggiunse uno alla carriera nel 1961. Eroe per eccellenza del western e del melodramma hollywoodiano, l’American Film Institute ha inserito Cooper all’undicesimo posto tra le più grandi star della storia del cinema.
Per il suo contributo all’industria cinematografica, Gary Cooper è ricordato con una stella presso la Hollywood Walk of Fame, all’altezza del 6243 di Hollywood Boulevard (Los Angeles). Nel 1966 fu riconosciuto come uno dei migliori cowboy e un omaggio alla sua memoria è presente al National Cowboy & Western Heritage Museum (Museo dei ricordi dei Cowboy e del West) a Oklahoma City, nello Stato dell’Oklahoma.
Gary Cooper a Cap d’Antiques luglio 1959 @ archiviocollezionegarzia
Gary Cooper (born Frank James Cooper; May 7, 1901 – May 13, 1961) was an American film actor known for his natural, authentic, and understated acting style and screen performances. His career spanned thirty-five years, from 1925 to 1960, and included leading roles in eighty-four feature films. He was a major movie star from the end of the silent film era through the end of the golden age of Classical Hollywood. His screen persona appealed strongly to both men and women, and his range of performances included roles in most major movie genres. Cooper’s ability to project his own personality onto the characters he played contributed to his appearing natural and authentic on screen. The screen persona he sustained throughout his career represented the ideal American hero.
Cooper began his career as a film extra and stunt rider and soon landed acting roles. After establishing himself as a Western hero in his early silent films, Cooper became a movie star in 1929 with his first sound picture, The Virginian. In the early 1930s, he expanded his heroic image to include more cautious characters in adventure films and dramas such as A Farewell to Arms (1932) and The Lives of a Bengal Lancer (1935). During the height of his career, Cooper portrayed a new type of hero—a champion of the common man—in films such as Mr. Deeds Goes to Town (1936), Meet John Doe (1941), Sergeant York (1941), The Pride of the Yankees (1942), and For Whom the Bell Tolls (1943).
In the postwar years, he portrayed more mature characters at odds with the world in films such as The Fountainhead (1949) and High Noon (1952). In his final films, Cooper played non-violent characters searching for redemption in films such as Friendly Persuasion (1956) and Man of the West (1958).
He married New York debutante Veronica Balfe in 1933, and the couple had one daughter. Their marriage was interrupted by a three-year separation precipitated by Cooper’s love affair with Patricia Neal. Cooper received the Academy Award for Best Actor for his roles in Sergeant York and High Noon. He also received an Academy Honorary Award for his career achievements in 1961. He was one of the top ten film personalities for twenty-three consecutive years, and was one of the top money-making stars for eighteen years. The American Film Institute (AFI) ranked Cooper eleventh on its list of the twenty five greatest male stars of classic Hollywood cinema.
Posted in artisti - artists, attori stranieri - actors, fashion, international, registi - director, star and tagged 1959, actor, archivio collezione garzia, archivio fotografico, attore, b&w, bianco e nero, cap d'antiques, cinema, film, france, gary cooper, photo, photographic archive, smile, smoke, sorriso on 8 novembre 2016 by marcogarzia. Lascia un commento
← #TinoBuazzelli
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Mitochondrial fatty acid synthesis and respiration
J. Kalervo Hiltunen, Kaija J. Autio, Melissa S. Schonauer, V. A Samuli Kursu, Carol L Dieckmann, Alexander J. Kastaniotis
Recent studies have revealed that mitochondria are able to synthesize fatty acids in a malonyl-CoA/acyl carrier protein (ACP)-dependent manner. This pathway resembles bacterial fatty acid synthesis (FAS) type II, which uses discrete, nuclearly encoded proteins. Experimental evidence, obtained mainly through using yeast as a model system, indicates that this pathway is essential for mitochondrial respiratory function. Curiously, the deficiency in mitochondrial FAS cannot be complemented by inclusion of fatty acids in the culture medium or by products of the cytosolic FAS complex. Defects in mitochondrial FAS in yeast result in the inability to grow on nonfermentable carbon sources, the loss of mitochondrial cytochromes a/a3 and b, mitochondrial RNA processing defects, and loss of cellular lipoic acid. Eukaryotic FAS II generates octanoyl-ACP, a substrate for mitochondrial lipoic acid synthase. Endogenous lipoic acid synthesis challenges the hypothesis that lipoic acid can be provided as an exogenously supplied vitamin. Purified eukaryotic FAS II enzymes are catalytically active in vitro using substrates with an acyl chain length of up to 16 carbon atoms. However, with the exception of 3-hydroxymyristoyl-ACP, a component of respiratory complex I in higher eukaryotes, the fate of long-chain fatty acids synthesized by the mitochondrial FAS pathway remains an enigma. The linkage of FAS II genes to published animal models for human disease supports the hypothesis that mitochondrial FAS dysfunction leads to the development of disorders in mammals.
Biochimica et Biophysica Acta - Bioenergetics
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.bbabio.2010.03.006
Acyl Carrier Protein
Thioctic Acid
Malonyl Coenzyme A
Electron Transport Complex I
Animal Disease Models
Cytochromes b
RNA processing
Hiltunen, J. K., Autio, K. J., Schonauer, M. S., Kursu, V. A. S., Dieckmann, C. L., & Kastaniotis, A. J. (2010). Mitochondrial fatty acid synthesis and respiration. Biochimica et Biophysica Acta - Bioenergetics, 1797(6-7), 1195-1202. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.bbabio.2010.03.006
Mitochondrial fatty acid synthesis and respiration. / Hiltunen, J. Kalervo; Autio, Kaija J.; Schonauer, Melissa S.; Kursu, V. A Samuli; Dieckmann, Carol L; Kastaniotis, Alexander J.
In: Biochimica et Biophysica Acta - Bioenergetics, Vol. 1797, No. 6-7, 06.2010, p. 1195-1202.
Hiltunen, JK, Autio, KJ, Schonauer, MS, Kursu, VAS, Dieckmann, CL & Kastaniotis, AJ 2010, 'Mitochondrial fatty acid synthesis and respiration', Biochimica et Biophysica Acta - Bioenergetics, vol. 1797, no. 6-7, pp. 1195-1202. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.bbabio.2010.03.006
Hiltunen JK, Autio KJ, Schonauer MS, Kursu VAS, Dieckmann CL, Kastaniotis AJ. Mitochondrial fatty acid synthesis and respiration. Biochimica et Biophysica Acta - Bioenergetics. 2010 Jun;1797(6-7):1195-1202. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.bbabio.2010.03.006
Hiltunen, J. Kalervo ; Autio, Kaija J. ; Schonauer, Melissa S. ; Kursu, V. A Samuli ; Dieckmann, Carol L ; Kastaniotis, Alexander J. / Mitochondrial fatty acid synthesis and respiration. In: Biochimica et Biophysica Acta - Bioenergetics. 2010 ; Vol. 1797, No. 6-7. pp. 1195-1202.
@article{0bcf262993f54718abb1bdb71113d419,
title = "Mitochondrial fatty acid synthesis and respiration",
abstract = "Recent studies have revealed that mitochondria are able to synthesize fatty acids in a malonyl-CoA/acyl carrier protein (ACP)-dependent manner. This pathway resembles bacterial fatty acid synthesis (FAS) type II, which uses discrete, nuclearly encoded proteins. Experimental evidence, obtained mainly through using yeast as a model system, indicates that this pathway is essential for mitochondrial respiratory function. Curiously, the deficiency in mitochondrial FAS cannot be complemented by inclusion of fatty acids in the culture medium or by products of the cytosolic FAS complex. Defects in mitochondrial FAS in yeast result in the inability to grow on nonfermentable carbon sources, the loss of mitochondrial cytochromes a/a3 and b, mitochondrial RNA processing defects, and loss of cellular lipoic acid. Eukaryotic FAS II generates octanoyl-ACP, a substrate for mitochondrial lipoic acid synthase. Endogenous lipoic acid synthesis challenges the hypothesis that lipoic acid can be provided as an exogenously supplied vitamin. Purified eukaryotic FAS II enzymes are catalytically active in vitro using substrates with an acyl chain length of up to 16 carbon atoms. However, with the exception of 3-hydroxymyristoyl-ACP, a component of respiratory complex I in higher eukaryotes, the fate of long-chain fatty acids synthesized by the mitochondrial FAS pathway remains an enigma. The linkage of FAS II genes to published animal models for human disease supports the hypothesis that mitochondrial FAS dysfunction leads to the development of disorders in mammals.",
keywords = "Lipids, Lipoic acid, Metabolism, Mitochondria, Respiration, RNA processing",
author = "Hiltunen, {J. Kalervo} and Autio, {Kaija J.} and Schonauer, {Melissa S.} and Kursu, {V. A Samuli} and Dieckmann, {Carol L} and Kastaniotis, {Alexander J.}",
doi = "10.1016/j.bbabio.2010.03.006",
journal = "Biochimica et Biophysica Acta - Bioenergetics",
T1 - Mitochondrial fatty acid synthesis and respiration
AU - Hiltunen, J. Kalervo
AU - Autio, Kaija J.
AU - Schonauer, Melissa S.
AU - Kursu, V. A Samuli
AU - Dieckmann, Carol L
AU - Kastaniotis, Alexander J.
N2 - Recent studies have revealed that mitochondria are able to synthesize fatty acids in a malonyl-CoA/acyl carrier protein (ACP)-dependent manner. This pathway resembles bacterial fatty acid synthesis (FAS) type II, which uses discrete, nuclearly encoded proteins. Experimental evidence, obtained mainly through using yeast as a model system, indicates that this pathway is essential for mitochondrial respiratory function. Curiously, the deficiency in mitochondrial FAS cannot be complemented by inclusion of fatty acids in the culture medium or by products of the cytosolic FAS complex. Defects in mitochondrial FAS in yeast result in the inability to grow on nonfermentable carbon sources, the loss of mitochondrial cytochromes a/a3 and b, mitochondrial RNA processing defects, and loss of cellular lipoic acid. Eukaryotic FAS II generates octanoyl-ACP, a substrate for mitochondrial lipoic acid synthase. Endogenous lipoic acid synthesis challenges the hypothesis that lipoic acid can be provided as an exogenously supplied vitamin. Purified eukaryotic FAS II enzymes are catalytically active in vitro using substrates with an acyl chain length of up to 16 carbon atoms. However, with the exception of 3-hydroxymyristoyl-ACP, a component of respiratory complex I in higher eukaryotes, the fate of long-chain fatty acids synthesized by the mitochondrial FAS pathway remains an enigma. The linkage of FAS II genes to published animal models for human disease supports the hypothesis that mitochondrial FAS dysfunction leads to the development of disorders in mammals.
AB - Recent studies have revealed that mitochondria are able to synthesize fatty acids in a malonyl-CoA/acyl carrier protein (ACP)-dependent manner. This pathway resembles bacterial fatty acid synthesis (FAS) type II, which uses discrete, nuclearly encoded proteins. Experimental evidence, obtained mainly through using yeast as a model system, indicates that this pathway is essential for mitochondrial respiratory function. Curiously, the deficiency in mitochondrial FAS cannot be complemented by inclusion of fatty acids in the culture medium or by products of the cytosolic FAS complex. Defects in mitochondrial FAS in yeast result in the inability to grow on nonfermentable carbon sources, the loss of mitochondrial cytochromes a/a3 and b, mitochondrial RNA processing defects, and loss of cellular lipoic acid. Eukaryotic FAS II generates octanoyl-ACP, a substrate for mitochondrial lipoic acid synthase. Endogenous lipoic acid synthesis challenges the hypothesis that lipoic acid can be provided as an exogenously supplied vitamin. Purified eukaryotic FAS II enzymes are catalytically active in vitro using substrates with an acyl chain length of up to 16 carbon atoms. However, with the exception of 3-hydroxymyristoyl-ACP, a component of respiratory complex I in higher eukaryotes, the fate of long-chain fatty acids synthesized by the mitochondrial FAS pathway remains an enigma. The linkage of FAS II genes to published animal models for human disease supports the hypothesis that mitochondrial FAS dysfunction leads to the development of disorders in mammals.
KW - Lipids
KW - Lipoic acid
KW - Metabolism
KW - Mitochondria
KW - Respiration
KW - RNA processing
U2 - 10.1016/j.bbabio.2010.03.006
DO - 10.1016/j.bbabio.2010.03.006
JO - Biochimica et Biophysica Acta - Bioenergetics
JF - Biochimica et Biophysica Acta - Bioenergetics
10.1016/j.bbabio.2010.03.006
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The Price of Legal Institutions: The Beratll Merchants in the Eighteenth-Century Ottoman Empire
Cihan Artunç
In the eighteenth century, European embassies in the Ottoman Empire started selling exemption licenses called berats, which granted non-Muslim Ottomans tax exemptions and the option to use European law. I construct a novel price panel for British and French licenses based on primary sources. The evidence reveals that prices were significantly high and varied across countries. Agents acquired multiple berats to enhance their legal options, which they exploited through strategic court switching. By the early 1800s, berat holders had driven other groups from European-Ottoman trade.
Journal of Economic History
Published - Aug 27 2015
Legal institutions
Artunç, C. (2015). The Price of Legal Institutions: The Beratll Merchants in the Eighteenth-Century Ottoman Empire. Journal of Economic History, 75(3), 720-748. https://doi.org/10.1017/S0022050715001059
The Price of Legal Institutions : The Beratll Merchants in the Eighteenth-Century Ottoman Empire. / Artunç, Cihan.
In: Journal of Economic History, Vol. 75, No. 3, 27.08.2015, p. 720-748.
Artunç, C 2015, 'The Price of Legal Institutions: The Beratll Merchants in the Eighteenth-Century Ottoman Empire', Journal of Economic History, vol. 75, no. 3, pp. 720-748. https://doi.org/10.1017/S0022050715001059
Artunç C. The Price of Legal Institutions: The Beratll Merchants in the Eighteenth-Century Ottoman Empire. Journal of Economic History. 2015 Aug 27;75(3):720-748. https://doi.org/10.1017/S0022050715001059
Artunç, Cihan. / The Price of Legal Institutions : The Beratll Merchants in the Eighteenth-Century Ottoman Empire. In: Journal of Economic History. 2015 ; Vol. 75, No. 3. pp. 720-748.
@article{85fb3f3d687c446199ae0a011c4a62b1,
title = "The Price of Legal Institutions: The Beratll Merchants in the Eighteenth-Century Ottoman Empire",
abstract = "In the eighteenth century, European embassies in the Ottoman Empire started selling exemption licenses called berats, which granted non-Muslim Ottomans tax exemptions and the option to use European law. I construct a novel price panel for British and French licenses based on primary sources. The evidence reveals that prices were significantly high and varied across countries. Agents acquired multiple berats to enhance their legal options, which they exploited through strategic court switching. By the early 1800s, berat holders had driven other groups from European-Ottoman trade.",
author = "Cihan Artun{\cc}",
journal = "Journal of Economic History",
T1 - The Price of Legal Institutions
T2 - The Beratll Merchants in the Eighteenth-Century Ottoman Empire
AU - Artunç, Cihan
N2 - In the eighteenth century, European embassies in the Ottoman Empire started selling exemption licenses called berats, which granted non-Muslim Ottomans tax exemptions and the option to use European law. I construct a novel price panel for British and French licenses based on primary sources. The evidence reveals that prices were significantly high and varied across countries. Agents acquired multiple berats to enhance their legal options, which they exploited through strategic court switching. By the early 1800s, berat holders had driven other groups from European-Ottoman trade.
AB - In the eighteenth century, European embassies in the Ottoman Empire started selling exemption licenses called berats, which granted non-Muslim Ottomans tax exemptions and the option to use European law. I construct a novel price panel for British and French licenses based on primary sources. The evidence reveals that prices were significantly high and varied across countries. Agents acquired multiple berats to enhance their legal options, which they exploited through strategic court switching. By the early 1800s, berat holders had driven other groups from European-Ottoman trade.
JO - Journal of Economic History
JF - Journal of Economic History
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Home News Worldwide Hotels snaps up Singaporean asset for S$276.2m
City View Holdings, a subsidiary of hotel chain Worldwide Hotels, has snapped up a prime commercial property in Singapore for S$276.2m (US$201.9m), with preliminary plans to develop the site into a hotel.
The Golden Wall Centre sits on a 2,251.9 sq.m. plot of land in the Beach Road/Ophir-Rochor Corridor, according to a statement from advisor Edmund Tie & Company.
The corner site has high visibility along the main thoroughfare of Rochor Canal Road, as well as Short Street and Albert Street.
“With its strategic city fringe location, prominent triple frontage and proximity to the arts, heritage and cultural districts, Golden Wall Centre is ideal for a hotel development,” said Swee Shou Fern, senior director of investment advisory at Edmund Tie & Company.
Singapore’s Urban Redevelopment Authority (URA) has indicated that a hotel development with a plot ratio of 4.88, reflecting an 11,007 sq.m. gross floor area, could be allowed.
The property has access to the Downtown and North East underground lines, situated on the doorstep of the Rochor underground MRT station and near the Little India MRT interchange.
Allianz RE nabs stake in Singapore’s Ocean Financial Centre for S$537.3m
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Man convicted in Cambodian sex tourism case
Home / Man convicted in Cambodian sex tourism case
Home » Posts » In the News » Man convicted in Cambodian sex tourism case
By APLE Cambodia
A onetime Southern California resident was found guilty Monday of traveling repeatedly to Cambodia to sexually assault impoverished children, four of whom testified to grueling sexual attacks that had jurors blinking back tears.
Delays kept the case against Ronald “John” Gerard Boyajian at a stalemate for seven years prior to the start of the month-long trial.
“This case is about a man who wanted to sexually assault children — and he found a place where he could do that,” Assistant U.S. Attorney Vanessa Baehr-Jones said.
Boyajian traveled to Cambodia about three dozen times between 2002 and 2009, where he engaged in sexual activity with Vietnamese girls between the ages of 8 and 11 in a village outside Phnom Penh frequented by child molesters and known as “Kilo 11.”
One of the girls — now an adult working in Cambodia to help fellow victims of sexual predators — told jurors that Boyajian paid her grandmother to leave her alone with him in a wooden shack. She described being raped, beaten and bitten on the legs and calves by the defendant during multiple attacks.
The federal jury deliberated for about five hours before returning guilty verdicts on all three counts contained in a federal indictment initially handed down in September 2009.
Boyajian, who represented himself during the trial, seemed to nod his head as the verdicts were read, but otherwise showed no reaction.
“The United States is the world leader in civil rights, and if you are an American and you hurt a child — no matter where it takes place in the world -— you will be prosecuted,” Assistant U.S. Attorney David Herzog said outside court. “All children must be protected from sexual predators — and today’s verdicts confirm that.”
He faces up to 30 years behind bars, with sentencing tentatively set for June 13 by U.S. District Judge Christina A. Snyder.
Boyajian, now 55, was among the first defendants charged under an international law enforcement initiative specifically targeting Americans traveling to Cambodia for the purpose of sexually abusing children.
Operation Twisted Traveler was an effort by the Justice Department and U.S. Immigration and Customs Enforcement to crack down on sex tourism.
Boyajian has been in custody in Los Angeles since his removal from Cambodia seven years ago. In the years since he was charged, Boyajian lodged a raft of motions and continuances, ensuring the case remained deadlocked.
Source: http://www.presstelegram.com/general-news/20160307/man-convicted-in-cambodian-sex-tourism-case
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Phnom Penh – On Friday, August 09th
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PHNOM PENH: When Cambodian-born Tan Saravuth was a refugee in the United States, he molested young boys and went to jail. Yet, when he decided to return to ...
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Friends and collaborators from Ottawa and Pembroke, The Wicked Mercy began playing shows in early 2012. Initially formed as a group of friends jamming, blasting loud, dirty blues in their basements and living rooms. With time they have melded and evolved as a group, fusing heavy, lovelorn rock’n’roll stylings into their own urgent and honest sound. Since forming, the band has played Ottawa, Pembroke, Montreal, Toronto and surrounding areas relentlessly, delivering raucous performances and captivating audiences. The Wicked Mercy has built a fan base the old way, playing hard and often.Influenced by the old but inspired by the new. The Wicked Mercy blend swampy southern blues with cold rock. Sometimes compared to the Sheepdogs, Queens of the Stone Age, the Doors and the Brian Jonestown Massacre. The Wicked Mercy have fused traditional rock & roll with elements gypsy, psychedelic and metal, creating a tight layered sound.Singer Case Bakker leads the group with blistering vocals, sharp lyrics, blasts of harmonica with a telecaster on hand. An unmistakable and integral part of the band is the guitar work of Dave Nado. Piercing and visceral, his guitar lines leave an impression with all listeners. The rhythm section is held down by 5-string rock funkateer Mark Sudiacal on bass and seasoned veteran drummer Cory Zadorozny (ex Sam Roberts Band). The latest addition to the group is the charming Erik Hertzberg on organ, keys and vocals.The Wicked Mercy released their debut self-titled album April 2013. Recorded in Pembroke with Jordon Zadorozny (Sam Roberts, Blinker the Star, Courtney Love) it is an impressive first release from a young band. It has been a strong beginning from this young band. Only gaining speed, there is much more on the horizon. Talented and ambitious, The Wicked Mercy is going places.
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Tag: dragons
The Dragon in the Library by Louie Stowell
Title: The Dragon in the Library
Author: Louie Stowell
Publisher: Nosy Crow/Allen and Unwin
Published: 25th July 2018
Synopsis: Save the library, save the world!
Kit can’t stand reading. She’d much rather be outside, playing games and getting muddy, than stuck inside being quiet with a book. But when she’s dragged along to the local library at the start of the school holiday by her two best friends, she makes an incredible discovery: the local library is run by wizards … and she’s one too! The youngest wizard ever, in fact.
But someone is threatening to tear down the library and disturb the powerful magical forces living beneath it. And now it’s up to Kit and her friends to save the library… and the world.
The first book in a fantastically exciting, imaginative and brilliantly funny new series.
It’s the first day of the summer holidays, and Kit can’t wait to go out and climb trees and get muddy. But her best friends, Alita and Josh, want to go to the new library and check out the latest book in a series they love, Danny Fandango. While they are there, they meet the new librarian, Faith. Alita and Josh head off to scour the shelves, leaving Kit alone to explore the library. When she finds herself pulled into a book of dangerous animals, and has to be rescued by Faith, Kit learns that she is a wizard – the youngest wizard in the world in fact. Showing her powers earlier than usually expected, Kit has to keep the secret from her family – but Alita and Josh overhear, and the three friends and Faith are soon pulled into a quest to save the library from a horrible man called Hadrian Salt – a developer who wishes to take the new library and build a shopping centre. So Kit, Faith, Josh and Alita set out to save the library – and uncover a much more sinister plot, involving the secret hidden beneath the library.
Kit is the third of five children – and at the start of the novel, feels quite left out between her perfect older sister, her rebellious big brother and the youngest children, a toddler and a baby. So when she discovers she is a wizard, she finally has something that makes her special – but like in most stories about wizards, she cannot let anyone know, and her newfound powers are unpredictable.
Louie Stowell combines wizards, dragons, and libraries with a diverse and adorable cast of characters, whose passions for magic and the written word were my favourite aspects of this book, and everyone who reads this book will be able to see various aspects of themselves in all the characters in the book, whether it is what they look like, or what they love or their personality, which is really delightful and fabulous.
Their fight against Hadrian Salt is only just beginning – his quest to buy the library is more sinister than imagined, and it will be up to Faith, Kit, Alita and Josh to save the library – but of course, as the first in the series, there will be much more to come, and I think we will see much more of Salt in subsequent books.
With a reluctant reader as the main character, supported by a diverse cast – Alita, Josh and Faith – Kit is the a wonderful and fun character, and hopefully this book will appeal to eager readers who will see themselves in Alita, Josh and Faith, reluctant readers like Kit, and readers of all ages, genders and races, who will find something about each character to relate to, which I find really nice, and Louie Stowell has pulled this off in a brilliant way to show aspects of the real world alongside magic and fantasy elements.
As the first in a series, it does a fantastic job of setting up the plot and the characters and the challenges they will be facing in subsequent books. I love the idea of a dragon living below the library, and I can’t wait to see what happens next.
By Ashleighin adventure, animals, Book Industry, Books, Children's Literature, Fantasy, Publishers, Reading, Reviews, series July 21, 2019 July 21, 2019 692 Words1 Comment
Children of the Dragon: The Race for the Red Dragon by Rebecca Lim
Title: Children of the Dragon: The Race for the Red Dragon
Author: Rebecca Lim
Publisher: Allen and Unwin
Published: 6th May 2019
Synopsis: The Race for the Red Dragon is the thrilling second book in the action-packed Children of the Dragon series.
Qing sat bolt upright, her head tilted to one side as if she were listening intently. Then the interior of the van went black and a single shot rang out, loud as a cannon.
On their way to the Wudang Mountains to discover the fate of Qing’s father and sisters, Qing and Harley make an unscheduled stop after they hear rumours of an ancient vase emblazoned with a red dragon.
Enemies are everywhere, and Harley and Qing must race evil forces across Hong Kong and Southern China to find the legendary vase. Qing’s magic is growing in power, but is it enough to counter the human and otherworldly forces that are determined to stop them at all costs?
Featuring magic, mystery and martial arts, The Race for the Red Dragon delivers more fast-paced action and adventure in CHILDREN OF THE DRAGON series.
Harley and Qing return in the second book in the series as they search China and the Wudang Mountains for Qing’s family, the rest of the dragons trapped in vases, and to find Harley’s father, Ray. As they seek the vases and Qing’s family Harley must cover up his identity to sneak into the country, and search for a stunning ancient vase that has a red dragon on it: the next member of Qing’s family. But there is more to the mystery now, and someone is after Harley’s family as well as the vases, and soon Harley is separated from his father, and must continue on with Schumacher, and someone else he has never met before until he discovers the red vase, and a threat to his family he had hoped would never come, making his quest feel like it will never end, and like he may never return to life as he knew it again.
The second in an #OwnVoices and #WeNeedDiverseVoices series, I’m really enjoying reading a book about another culture, seen through the eyes of people connected to that culture, but also, to an Australian culture and how these intersect and come together. The combination of mystery, culture, magic and martial arts will have a broad range of appeal to many readers, hopefully of all ages. Working in children’s books as a quiz writer, I always like to see the various offerings out there, and this one did not disappoint at all – and added to the magical mystery that began in The Relic of the Blue Dragon. A middle grade book, I believe it can also be something that #LoveOzYa readers and supporters can get behind too – the fast-paced nature makes it a quick and enjoyable read because it is so engrossing, over half the book has gone by without realising it.
Harley’s adventures continue rapidly and end on an exciting cliffhanger that will lead into the third book, and hopefully the discovery of a third dragon and further thwarting of those seeking to harm Harley, his family and take possession of the vases of the dragons for their nefarious means. So can Harley and Qing find the rest of the vases in time and save both their families?
Fantasy and dragons are amongst some of my favourite things to read about, and I love reading new and diverse perspectives, because it shows the breadth of traditions that involve dragons, and how many differences there are, each with their own cultural significance. With each new book like this, I learn something new that I previously may not have stumbled across or had access to – for whatever reason – unavailability of information or lack of resources around me. For this reason, I love this series and hope to see much more from it in the coming years.
By Ashleighin #loveozya, adventure, animals, Australian literature, Australian women writers, Book bingo, Book Industry, Books, challenges, Children's Literature, Crime/Mystery, Fables, Fairytales, Fantasy, literary fiction, Publishers, Reading, Reviews, Young Adult May 6, 2019 May 1, 2019 661 Words4 Comments
Have Sword, Will Travel by Garth Nix and Sean Williams
Title: Have Sword, Will Travel
Author: Garth Nix and Sean Williams
Genre: Fantasy, Young Adult
Synopsis: From New York Times bestselling authors Garth Nix and Sean Williams, comes this hilarious, action-packed adventure featuring a very unlikely knight, an admirably stubborn girl and a sword with attitude.
When Odo and Eleanor stumble upon an ancient sword in a river outside their village, something very unexpected happens … the sword starts to talk! Much to Odo’s dismay he discovers that he’s awoken a famous enchanted blade called Biter, and thus has instantly become a knight. Eleanor would love to become a knight – but she’s not the one with the sword. Unearthing Biter is only the start of their troubles; soon boy, girl and sword must depart on a noble quest to save their kingdom from threats – in both human and dragon form.
In a new series that started last year, Garth Nix has teamed up with Sean Williams to create a medieval-esque world, filled with knights and dragons, and dark creatures threatening to take over the kingdom, as well as enchanted swords that talk back to those who wield them. What could be more fun? Well, a world where girls have as much of a chance to become a knight as the boys do! In the beginning, we meet Odo and Eleanor as they are undertaking daily tasks for their family and village, looked after by Sir Halfdan, and often teased by twin brothers, Aaric and Addyson. During these tasks, they discover a sword lying in a pool of water, and pull it out, thinking it belongs to Sir Halfdan. When it begins to talk after Odo’s blood awakens it, and introduces itself (or himself, as it turns out), as Hildebrand Shining Foebiter, Scourge of Scourger, Daragonslayer, and becomes known as Biter the Dragonslayer, or Biter, for short, by Eleanor and Odo, who are on a quest to supposedly save the people of their country from a devastating dragon known as Quenwolf, who is feared throughout the land. Biter knights Odo before the quest, where they come across a female knight known as Sir Saskia, and another magical sword known as Runnel – Biter’s sister.
But all is not as it seems with the dragon, the quest, or Sir Saskia – and Odo and Eleanor must journey across the lands and meet Quenwolf, to find out what is happening before they can return home.
In the few Garth Nix books I have read, the female hero is front and centre, and breaking the mould of what a princess or female fantasy character is expected to do. She is daring, and eager, yet not perfect. She longs for adventure and becoming a knight, whereas Odo, knighted by Biter, would rather stay home in safety, and is a rather reluctant knight, but with Biter and Eleanor’s help – which he doesn’t always want – will become braver, but still desires to return home.
In this story, we have everything: a gutsy girl, a reluctant hero, a kingdom under attack, spies, dragons, magic, dark creatures, and of course, magical, talking swords that don’t shy away from being snarky or sarcastic when it is called for. It is a world that is in many ways, familiar – a low-tech world with magic, dragons and knights, yet with a newness that carries the story in leaps and bounds as Odo and Eleanor travel across the country, to keep out of harm’s way, and save their village and the kingdom from the dark forces that threaten to take over and who start seeking to hunt them down as the story settles into a flow that will continue into the next book, Let Sleeping Dragons Lie, which will hopefully be reviewed during the week, as I am, at the time of writing this post, nearly finished it.
I’ve got a few Garth Nix books to read in my many stacks of books and will eventually be getting to them to see what other spectacular characters he has written for all readers to enjoy and relate to. A great start to a new series for younger readers – well, readers of all ages if I am being honest. I’m now looking forward to what, if anything, follows Let Sleeping Dragons Lie.
By Ashleighin #loveozya, adventure, Australian literature, Book Industry, Books, challenges, Children's Literature, Fairytales, Fantasy, Garth Nix, Have Sword Will Travel, humour, literary fiction, Publishers, Reading, Reviews, series, Young Adult October 29, 2018 October 20, 2018 724 Words1 Comment
The Slightly Alarming Tale of the Whispering Wars by Jaclyn Moriarty (Kingdoms and Empires #2)
Title: The Slightly Alarming Tale of the Whispering Wars
Author: Jaclyn Moriarty
Synopsis:An enchanting and whimsical spell-filled fantasy novel from Jaclyn Moriarty, the highly-acclaimed author of The Extremely Inconvenient Adventures of Bronte Mettlestone and the award-winning author of Feeling Sorry for Celia and A Corner of White, suitable for readers who loved A Most Magical Girl
I was taken by Whisperers at 2pm, so I never pulled the lever for the laundry chute.
That’s what bothered me most.
This is way ahead in the story, though. A lot happened before that.
The town of Spindrift is frequented by pirates, Shadow Mages and charlatans. It’s also home to the Orphanage School, where Finlay lives with Glim, Taya and Eli. Just outside town is the painfully posh Brathelthwaite Boarding School, home to Honey Bee, Hamish and Victor, Duke of Ainsley. When the two schools compete at the Spindrift Tournament, stakes are high, tensions are higher, and some people are out to win at any cost. Before long, the orphans and the boarding school are in an all-out war.
And then Whispering Wars break out, and Spindrift is thrust onto the front lines. Children are being stolen, Witches, Sirens and a deadly magical flu invade the town, and all attempts to fight back are met with defeat.
Finlay, Honey Bee and their friends must join forces to outwit the encroaching forces of darkness, rescue the stolen children, and turn the tide of the war. But how can one bickering troupe outwit the insidious power of the Whisperers? And who are the two mysterious figures watching them from the shadows?
From the award-winning Jaclyn Moriarty comes a spellbinding tale of unlikely friendship, unexpected magic and competitive athletics.
The Slightly Alarming Tale of the Whispering Wars is the next in the Kingdoms and Empires series, that began with Bronte Mettlestone and her rather inconvenient adventures to visit aunts and hand out gifts to them, where she meets up with Alejandro and other friends – that is her story, and in the second book, we have two delightful and enthusiastic narrators – Finlay, from the Orphanage School, and Honey Bee, from the Brathelwaite Boarding School, a rather painfully posh school on the edge of town, and when the book opens, Finlay and Honey Bee are at each other’s throats, and their schools are neck and neck in a local sports competition – a competition that the Brathelwaite students desperately have to win if they do not want to incur the wrath of their headmaster – who is rather questionable and I sincerely didn’t trust him from the get-go. As time goes on though, both Finlay and Honey Bee – who alternate chapters and actually get to know each other – relate to the reader the rivalry between their schools, and the strange goings on in spindrift – children are disappearing, and each school thinks two mysterious children who keep popping in and out of Spindrift are from the respective schools, spying on the opposing school – but is this the case, or are they another entity entirely?
Eventually, Finlay and Honey Bee realise that they must work together 0 and their friends must work with them and each other to uncover the truth about what has been happening with the help of two mysterious visitors who know more than they are letting on – visitors that readers of the previous book will recognise and enjoy seeing again. The Whisperers are back, as are the tales of Spellbinders and Witches and faery magic – and a set of twins – intelligent, smart and cheeky – to rival Fred and George Weasley – the latter of which would probably take Eli and Taya under their wing should the worlds meet, and the mischief caused would be wonderfully catastrophic, as well as dragons – my favourite final chapter line is “And that’s when the first dragon landed.” What a way to end a chapter! Alone, all these elements are effective – but together, they create an atmosphere of humour and mystery that is delightful and exquisite in its execution, and is an exciting plot, driven by magic of all kinds that weaves its way around the words and spellbinds the reader. As I read in, the surprises kept coming, and I was cheering for Finlay and Honey Bee, glad that they finally managed to get along, though their arguing made the story extremely amusing and brought a lovely sense of humour to the book, as did the way they broke the fourth wall, and spoke directly to the reader, and admonished each other for misleading or not telling the reader something – an excellent addition!
This series is shaping up to be spectacular one, and is yet another example of the fine, well-honed talent we have coming out of Australia, especially with our women writers, whose stories are often diverse, and cross a myriad of experiences and genres in both fiction and non-fiction, and this is only growing each year as we have more and more enthusiastic and wonderful talent entering the scene. A wonderful follow up, and hopefully, with many more to come.
By Ashleighin #loveozya, adventure, Australian literature, Australian women writers, Book Industry, Books, challenges, Children's Literature, Crime/Mystery, Fables, Fairytales, Fantasy, Jaclyn Moriarty, Kingdoms and Empires Series, literary fiction, Publishers, Reading, Reviews, series, Young Adult October 27, 2018 October 27, 2018 869 Words6 Comments
Let Sleeping Dragons Lie (Have Sword, Will Travel #2) by Garth Nix and Sean Williams
Title: Let Sleeping Dragons Lie (Have Sword, Will Travel #2)
Genre: Fantasy/YA
Synopsis:From New York Times bestselling authors Garth Nix and Sean Williams comes this funny, exciting fantasy adventure about two friends and a couple of swords with attitude.
Odo and Eleanor are excited to be knights. Only … they’re stuck at home waiting for something bigger to come along. That ‘something bigger’ comes to them in the form of an old man named Egda, a warrior named Hundred and an ancient legend about a sleeping dragon.
Odo, Eleanor, and their trusty and talkative swords, Biter and Runnel, are plunged into a quest that will take them (as all good quests must) to unfamiliar lands, where they will fight unseen enemies and unlock unbelievable secrets in order to prevent an unbearable impostor from taking the crown.
Also, they will need to keep an eye out for dragons.
As they did with Have Sword, Will Travel, fantasy masters Garth Nix and Sean Williams have crafted a tale full of fire, laughs and twists for adventurous readers of all ages.
Sir Odo and Sir Eleanor return in a new adventure. In Let Sleeping Dragons Lie, they are off on another adventure, much to Eleanor’s joy and enthusiasm, which is in contrast to Odo, who’d rather head back home to work in the family mill. Instead, they embark on another quest to save the kingdom, and find the rightful king, and battles with bile wolves, that their stroppy swords lead them into. Remember, Runnel and Biter are no ordinary swords – they are enchanted, sentient swords, who desire battle and bravery, much to Odo’s chagrin. In the midst of the dangerous battle, they are swept to safety by blind Egda, and the warrior, Hundred.
What follows is another dangerous quest, to find an all-powerful dragon, and stop an imposter taking the throne. To do so, they must risk, their lives, the lives of many villagers along the way, and the lives of Egda and Hundred to awaken an ancient, mythical dragon who can restore order to their world. However, is it worth the risk, or should they let sleeping dragons lie and find another way?
In the second in the series, Odo and Eleanor are back, this time with an entourage and secret identities as they traverse the kingdom to stop the imposter on the throne. Far from the threat of the false knight of Have Sword, Will Travel, Sir Saskia, Odo and Eleanor dodge thieves and people trying to stop them, fight bravely – Eleanor, and reluctantly on Odo’s part. The continuing theme of the reluctant hero in Odo, and Eleanor’s eagerness to partake in the quest and become the best night she can is threaded throughout the novel.
The presence of female characters like Eleanor, Hundred and Saskia, as well as the mystical dragons like Quenwolf shows that female power in these books is an integral part in the story, and drives it forwards just as much as Odo and the male characters, showing that boys and girls can take on, and enjoy roles that traditionally, might not be assigned to them in fantasy novel. It is refreshing to see these roles more and more, and to have good books aimed at readers of all ages and genders, and not at a specific demographic – it allows all readers to imagine themselves as Odo or Eleanor – or even both if they feel like it, and not feel as though they are identifying with the wrong character. For girls to imagine themselves a knight is one of the reasons I have fallen in love with this series.
It has fairy tale elements of a quest, and the magical swords pulled from the stone, or presented by a lake, in a similar manner to Excalibur and King Arthur, to the motifs of the reluctant hero, thrust into a world they do no understand. However, Odo has a supportive family, who encourage him to go on the quest and help him prepare, whereas other motifs involve an orphan thrust into the world. In this world, Odo and Eleanor mentor each other, but are also mentored by their swords, Biter and Runnel – which makes it a very unique and fun series to read.
I’m thoroughly enjoying this new series, and look forward to what happens next, as I am sure there are characters that we have not heard the last of.
By Ashleighin #loveozya, adventure, Australian literature, Book Industry, Books, challenges, Children's Literature, Fables, Fairytales, Fantasy, Garth Nix, Have Sword Will Travel, Publishers, Reading, Reviews, series October 24, 2018 October 21, 2018 755 Words1 Comment
Book Bingo Eighteen – A Book with Themes of Culture
First day of Spring, and another book bingo – number eighteen of the year, and the seventh square of twenty-five marked off on my second card – only eighteen to go! I may have to mark off a couple of squares in one post sometime to fill the card by the end of the year.
This week I am checking off the square – a book with themes of culture. A new release, that has just come out, I used Relic of the Blue Dragon by Rebecca Lim, the first in a series called Children of the Dragon. It has Chinese and Eurasian characters at the forefront, engaging in #OwnVoices and diversity in life and literature – and this was something I really enjoyed seeing – a different cast of characters engaging with a mythology and using it in a way that is unique to some readers, but traditional to others, and entirely engaging.
Harley Spark’s life is rather ordinary. He lives alone with his mother, whilst his father is apparently in jail. When he discovers an old vase on his way home, he has no way of knowing what he is about to unleash from within – a world of dragon daughters and family fighting – where he is whisked across the world by his father, who is involved in something much more than just organised crime and robberies. With his father, Qing and his father’s associates, Harley is set forth on a quest to help the Daughters of the Dragon.
This novel opens a series that is going to be full of fantasy, dragons, myth and adventure, and filled to the brim with diversity. I thoroughly enjoyed it – I love dragons and mythology, and this combined these interests. It is engaging and gives voices to characters not often seen in literature. I hope this engages readers of all ages and backgrounds, and takes them on an adventure – it certainly took me on one and I finished it just as I felt I had started reading – meaning, it didn’t take me long to read this and I wanted more immediately after! Such is the dilemma of starting a new series – the waiting! My full review is here, published on the 25th of July, and I look forward to the next books in the series to see where this takes Harley.
Row #2 –
A book with themes of culture: Relic of the Blue Dragon (Children of the Dragon #1) by Rebecca Lim – AWW2018
Row #5
By Ashleighin #loveozya, adventure, Australian literature, Australian women writers, Book Industry, Books, challenges, Children's Literature, Crime/Mystery, Fantasy, literary fiction, series September 1, 2018 September 1, 2018 440 WordsLeave a comment
The Extremely Inconvenient Adventures of Bronte Mettlestone by Jaclyn Moriarty
Title: The Extremely Inconvenient Adventures of Bronte Mettlestone
Published: November, 2017
Synopsis: An enchanting and whimsical spell-filled fantasy novel from Jaclyn Moriarty, the award-winning author of Feeling Sorry for Celia and A Corner of White, suitable for readers who loved A Most Magical Girl.
I was ten years old when my parents were killed by pirates. This did not bother me as much as you might think – I hardly knew my parents.
Bronte Mettlestone’s parents ran away to have adventures when she was a baby, leaving her to be raised by her Aunt Isabelle and the Butler. She’s had a perfectly pleasant childhood of afternoon teas and riding lessons – and no adventures, thank you very much.
But Bronte’s parents have left extremely detailed (and bossy) instructions for Bronte in their will. The instructions must be followed to the letter, or disaster will befall Bronte’s home. She is to travel the kingdoms and empires, perfectly alone, delivering special gifts to her ten other aunts. There is a farmer aunt who owns an orange orchard and a veterinarian aunt who specialises in dragon care, a pair of aunts who captain a cruise ship together and a former rockstar aunt who is now the reigning monarch of a small kingdom.
Now, armed with only her parents’ instructions, a chest full of strange gifts and her own strong will, Bronte must journey forth to face dragons, Chief Detectives and pirates – and the gathering suspicion that there might be something more to her extremely inconvenient quest than meets the eye…
From the award-winning Jaclyn Moriarty comes a fantastic tale of high intrigue, grand adventure and an abundance of aunts.
Awards:Longlisted Book of Year, Younger Readers – Australian Book Industry Awards 2018 AU; Longlisted CBCA Book of the Year, Younger Readers 2018 AU; Shortlisted Readings Children’s Book Prize 2018 AU; Longlisted Indie Book Awards – Children’s Fiction 2018 AU; Shortlisted Best Children’s Novel, Aurealis Awards 2017 AU
Ten-year-old Bronte Mettlestone has been raised by her Aunt Isabelle and the Butler, ever since her parents, Lida and Patrick, left her on her Aunt’s doorstep to go off on adventurers and hunt down pirates. The book opens with Bronte recounting the day she found out her parents had died, that they had been killed by pirates, but having been raised by her Aunt Isabelle, it does not affect her as it might other children. Following the news of their deaths, their will is read out and she is sent on a series of quests and adventures to visit all her aunts across the Kingdoms and Empires to deliver a series of gifts to them. Aunt Isabelle tries to get her out of it and go with her, but the border has been adorned by Faery cross-stitch- binding Bronte to the quest and rules set forth by her parents – and so, she must go alone.
Each gift it seems, as Bronte delivers them, is special or relevant to that aunt – and as she travels, her mind is constantly going over what will happen if she breaks the rules of the Faery cross-stitch, which will result in Gainsleigh, her home town, being destroyed. It is a journey of utmost importance, and is filled with aunts, and new friends, cousins she has never met or seldom met, as she stumbles – accidentally and against her wishes – into trouble and unforeseen scenarios, Bronte’s colourful, magical and humour filled world comes to life with the array of aunts, whose vastly different approaches to Bronte’s visits are all different, and some are far more interesting than others – her visit to the cruise ship with Aunt Maya and Aunt Lisbeth – one of her longest visits – is interesting and filled with danger, whereas her visit with Aunt Nancy is one Bronte finds rather dull and limiting, a visit where she fears the magic of the Faery cross stitch might come undone if she allows Aunt Nancy to keep her from her parents instructions.
The Extremely Inconvenient Adventures of Bronte Mettlestone is a book of beauty, from the lovely cover, to the adorable illustrations, to the magical words that fly off the page on the back of a flying unicorn and envelop the reader in the story – so much so, that whilst reading one day, I didn’t even realise how much I had read and that I was only a few chapters from the end of the story. So I’m not surprised that it has had several award nominations, long-listings and short-listings – these accolades are very well deserved, and this bridges a gap between early readers who have the confidence to read and those about to embark on Harry Potter, Narnia and other books, but is also a book that anyone can enjoy and lose themselves in as I invariably did the one day.
I loved Bronte’s character – she wasn’t a stereotype or archetype, she was a little girl, who had fears, and flaws, and who managed to find ways out of sticky situations, in a world she had not had much contact with, and yet, seemed to fit into really well. Determined to make sure she abides by the wishes and rules set forth for her in her parents will, yet still individual, and creative, able to see solutions to problems, and not the typical fairy-tale girl, Bronte is exactly the kind of character who we need these days – brave, and confident, active and able to think for herself, yet also able to accept help when she needs it. Whether it’s negotiating with water sprites to get an aunt out of jail, inadvertently causing an avalanche, or exploring a ship with a boy named Billy and a girl named Taylor, Bronte is the childhood hero for girls that my generation needed, that this generation needs, and in fact, that every girl, and woman, no matter her age or identity, will hopefully enjoy, and have a laugh with, worry and hope with her, and share in everything she feels and does.
I’m really looking forward to the next book in the series, and I hope Bronte makes another appearance as she is a rather enjoyable character, and I would like to see more of her. Aimed at what I hope will be a varied audience, it was the title and cover that attracted me to this book, and it’s fabulous first line is an excellent hook for the story – bring on book two!
By Ashleighin #loveozya, adventure, Australian literature, Australian women writers, Book Industry, Books, challenges, Children's Literature, Fairytales, Fantasy, humour, Jaclyn Moriarty, Kingdoms and Empires Series, literary fiction, Publishers, Reading, Reviews, series August 9, 2018 August 9, 2018 1,088 Words2 Comments
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Ruby Rose Details Amnesia, Suicide Attempt and PTSD in Candid Instagram Post
Jon Kopaloff/Getty Images,
Ruby Rose celebrated World Mental Health Day by writing an extremely personal essay that detailed her struggles and experiences with mental illness.
Rose shared that she was first diagnosed with depression at thirteen and shortly later had been diagnosed with major depressive disorder.
By the time she turned eighteen, Rose discovered that she had dissociative amnesia. "I had a few years entirely erased from my memory and a chance run-in with my best friend from primary school was the first I learned about it," she wrote in the Instagram post. The actress recalled that she didn't even remember her friend and didn't remember any of the memories she shared with Rose.
It was when Rose asked her mother a series of questions after the chance encounter with her friend, that she learned the truth. "I found out I went from a smiling laughing child to a quiet mute who sat alone and stared off to the distance during recess after one of many traumatic events that I didn’t remember," she wrote. Rose's mother hadn't told her of the diagnosis of dissociative amnesia previously since her doctors believed that she was too young to fully process what happened.
The Orange Is The New Black actress shared that she dealt with a misdiagnosis of bipolar disorder, instead she actually had an overactive thyroid. With multiple misdiagnoses and going on and off medications, it was a dark time for her. "There were hospitalizations, suicide attempts as young as twelve," Rose said. A brain scan would later show that Rose also suffered from complex PTSD.
In the end, Rose has learned just how strong she really is. "You can’t judge those who don’t understand and don’t know how to do that either. It’s that you cannot judge people at all because you can never know what they have been through," she shared.
Rose hopes that sharing her story others would realize that self-love and self-care are the most important things.
Read Rose's heartfelt Instagram post, below!
Celebrities Who Opened Up About Mental Health
Source: Ruby Rose Details Amnesia, Suicide Attempt and PTSD in Candid Instagram Post
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Main Representation in Religion: Studies in Honor of Moshe Barasch (Studies in the History of Religions)
Representation in Religion: Studies in Honor of Moshe Barasch (Studies in the History of Religions)
Jan Assmann, Albert I. Baumgarten
The role of representation in religion is complex. While often perceived as essential, it is also associated in many traditions with the liability of idolatry and provokes iconoclasm. The essays in this volume examine the nuances of representation in religion and the debate concerning its place across a variety of traditions from the three Abrahamic faiths, to those of antiquity and the East. This volume consists of presentations made at an international conference held in honour of Moshe Barasch, art historian and cultural critic, who has done much to elucidate the light which representation and religion shed on each other. It pays tribute to Barasch by expanding the base of understanding and insight he has erected. It should be of interest to students of religion and of art history.
Publisher: Brill Academic Publishers
Pages: 381 / 386
Series: Numen Book Series 89
Transformations of the Inner Self in Ancient Religions (Studies in the History of Religions)
Jan Assmann, Guy G. Stroumsa
Of God and Gods: Egypt, Israel, and the Rise of Monotheism
Jan Assmann
buddha267
worship202
cult126
torah106
mendelssohn103
medieval92
mosaic91
est87
contemplation83
sankara82
iconoclasm74
hebrew72
als68
jerusalem67
statues66
likeness65
nicht63
milton60
icons60
vedic59
ein59
varro55
iconic55
fig55
cicero55
motif54
zeus54
kabbalah54
wird53
hindu53
buddhist53
visualization52
pagan47
anthropomorphic47
sepphoris46
une46
shakespeare45
princeton45
biblical44
sanskrit44
moshe44
barasch43
figur43
idel43
Pharmacogenomic Testing in Current Clinical Practice: Implementation in the Clinical Laboratory (Molecular and Translational Medicine)
Alan H.B. Wu, Kiang-Teck J. Yeo
The Principles Of Argumentation (1905)
Kessinger Publishing, LLC
George Pierce Baker, Henry Barrett Huntington
NUMEN BOOK SERIES
STUDIES IN THE HISTORY
OF RELIGIONS
WJ.
HANEGRAAFF
LXXXIX
' ' 6 8 ' ל־
Studies in Honor of Moshe Barasch
J A N
A S S M A N N
A L B E R T
B A U M G A R T E N
' / 6 8 י >י
LEIDEN · BOSTON · KÖLN
Die Deutsche Bibliothek - CIP-Einheitsaufiiahme
Representation in religion : studies in honour of Moshe Barasch / ed.
by J a n Assmann and Albert I. Baumgarten. - Leiden ; Boston; Köln :
Brill 2000
(Studies in the history of religions ; Vol. 89)
ISBN 90-04—11939-6
Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication D a t a
Library of Congress Catologing-in-Publication Data is also available
90 04 11939 6
© Copyright 2001 by Koninklijke Brill NV, Leiden, The Netherlands
All rights reserved. No part of this publication may be reproduced, translated, stored in
a retrieval system, or transmitted in any form or by any means, electronic,
mechanical, photocopying, recording or otherwise, without prior written
permissionfromthe publisher.
Authorization to photocopy itemsfor internal or personal
use is granted by Brill provided that
the appropriatefees are paid directly to The Copyright
Clearance Center, 222 Rosewood Drive, Suite 910
DanversMA 01923, USA.
Fees are subject to change.
PRINTED IN THE NETHERLANDS
J . ASSMANN
T h e Idol in the Icon: S o m e Ambiguities
M . BARASCH
T w o Kinds of Representation in Greek Religious Art
M . FINKELBERG
T h e T r u t h of Images: Cicero a n d V a r r o on Image W o r s h i p
H . C A N C I K AND H . C A N C I K - L I N D E M A I E R
Portraits, Likenesses a n d Looking Glasses: S o m e Literary
a n d Philosophical Reflections on Representation a n d Art in
Medieval India
P. GRANOFF
Indian Image-Worship a n d its Discontents
R . H . DAVIS
T h e 'Iconic' a n d 'Aniconic' B u d d h a Visualization in Medieval
Chinese Buddhism
K . SHINOHARA
Jewish Artists a n d the Representation of G o d
H . KÜNZL F
Jewish Art a n d 'Iconoclasm': T h e Case of Sepphoris
B. KÜHNEL
Literarische u n d visuelle H e r m e n e u t i k oder die Unmöglichkeit
der Ikone Gottes
A . R . E . AGUS
T o r a h : Between Presence and Representation of the Divine in
Jewish Mysticism
M . IDEL
Representations of the Jewish Body in M o d e r n Times: Forms
of H e r o Worship
R.I. COHEN
M o n u m e n t a l Mockery: Sacred Regality and Dramatic
Representation in Early M o d e r n England
J . R . SIEMON
Pictures versus Letters: William Warburton J s Theory of
Grammatological Iconoclasm
T h e Roots of M o d e r n Iconoclasm
A . BESANÇON
T h e Absent Artist
P . SPRINGER
Iconoclasm on the 20th Century Musical Stage (Schönberg,
Henze and Glass)
W . - D . HARTWICH
Index of Names and Subjects
J A N ASSMANN
W h e n in 1996, after the conference on "Apocalyptic T i m e " , we were
discussing a topic for the 1997 conference to be held in Heidelberg,
we found out that we were united not so much around a c o m m o n
theme but around a c o m m o n friend. We unanimously agreed that
the topic we were looking for should fit into two frames at once: the
frame of "religious anthropology" which is or rather was the general
project of the J a c o b T a u b e s Minerva Center for Religious Anthropology at Bar Ilan University ( 1993-2000), and the frame of the wideranging interests of Moshe Barasch, whom we wanted to honor with
this conference. Moshe Barasch has been influential in building up
the T a u b e s Center; he was a friend of J a c o b Taubes in whose
memory this center was founded and he was from the beginning its
good spirit. Most of all, of course, Moshe Barasch is an outstanding
scholar, who won the Israel prize in 1995, got elected member of the
Heidelberg Academy of Sciences and Humanities in 1996 and is
internationally recognized as one of the leading representatives of his
field, the History of Art—reasons enough, therefore, to organize a
conference in his honor. Some of Barasch's admirers such as Carlo
Ginzburg and Hans Belting attended the conference for that reason
only and felt unable to contribute a paper to the present volume. W e
did not realize at that time that the proceedings of the conference
may appear around the date of Barasch's 80th birthday and that this
happy coincidence would turn our publication into a real Festschrift.
H a d we intended this at the beginning, we would have written to a
wide circle of Barasch's friends, colleagues and students asking them
to contribute instead of organizing a conference, to which invitation
was restricted; thus, the full range of Barasch's friends, colleagues and
students is not represented here. This history also explains why this
volume is both dedicated to Moshe Barasch and starts with a paper of
his own which he read at that conference. Barasch, it is true, never
"reads papers" at conferences but speaks without a manuscript, but if
the topic interests him he rarely resists the temptation of collecting his
thoughts into a written essay. In this case, he did not resist and, thus,
contributed to his own Festschrift which is only natural, because he not
only inspired our search for a suitable topic but also our discussions at
the Wissenschaftsforum at Heidelberg in such a way that it became very
obvious for all of us that he not only was but remained our teacher
without whose contribution and protection this collection of papers
should not come to light.
I would like to insert here, before passing on to explaining the
importance of Moshe Barasch and the topic which we finally chose
for our discussions with him, a word of gratitude for our hosts at
Heidelberg, the president of the Wissenschaftsforum, Professor Dr. Dr.
Michael Welker and Dr. Theresa Reiter, its generous and competent
director who made our stay at Heidelberg both comfortable and intellectually and socially stimulating. T h e Stiftung Universität Heidelberg
contributed a substantial sum of money to the notoriously restricted
budget of the late T a u b e s Center which allowed us to enlarge the
circle of invited speakers. This is not the place for a "necrologue" of
the J a c o b T a u b e s Minerva Center for Religious Anthropology, which
is being closed by decision of Bar Ilan University in the very days
when these lines are written. T h e r e have been three more conferences, the last one, again at the Wissenschaftsforum, on the topic " H o w
to C o m p a r e Religions" (February 2000), awaiting publication and
preventing us from indulging too m u c h in a "sense of an ending".
T h e T a u b e s Minerva Center had kindled a light and it is not the first
time that a light is extinguished. Work will go on as does Enlightenment.
Famous as he is in his chosen field of Art History, some biographical notes about Moshe Barasch may not seem totally pointless in a
publication primarily addressing historians of religion. Moshe
Barasch was born in Czernowitz (Rumania, now Ukraine; formerly
one of the most important centers ofJewish culture) in a family living
there for three generations. His grandfather introduced him into the
traditions of Hasidism, his father, an engaged Zionist, into the tradition of Haskala, the Jewish Enlightenment. As a painter, he was a
prodigal child and at the age of 12 had his works exhibited in
Czernowitz, Prague and Boston, besides being vividly interested already at that early time in the history, theory and philosophy of art.
A sponsor in New York m a d e it possible for him to visit the important
European museums and libraries until World W a r II put an end to
these studies. Even Barasch's underground activities in the Ghetto at
Czernowitz were remotely connected with art. As a m e m b e r of
Haggana, the Jewish military organization which became the origin
of the Israeli army, he belonged to Briha ("flight"), an organization
helping fugitives to leave the country. Barasch's j o b was to fake passports, at which he was so successful that none of his artifacts was ever
discovered. Instead, the police rejected the only real passport that was
ever produced during those years at the border because it did not
meet the high standards of perfection set by Barasch's passports.
Moshe and Berta Barasch came to Israel in 1948, where he took
an active part in the war of liberation. After his leave from the army
in 1949, he taught art and philosophy in several kibbutzim and
started lecturing and publishing in various scholarly societies and
journals. In the 50s, Barasch was able to resume his studies at the
W a r b u r g Institute in London and in Princeton at the Institute of
Advanced Studies with Erwin Panofsky, to w h o m he stayed related in
a close friendship. Later when he was asked to become Panofsky's
successor he stayed faithful to his tasks in Israel which began at a very
modest scale in 1956, when he was asked to teach a course at the
Hebrew University. Only two years later, however, he was trusted
with the foundation of a department for the History of Art at the
same university. This became the model for similar departments
which now exist at every university in Israel. Moreover, by his numerous publications in Hebrew, Barasch has for the first time laid the
terminological foundations in modern H e b r e w for a professional discourse in his field, and by his many lectures and essays has promoted
art and aesthetics to the rank of much debated topics in the intellectual life of modern Israel.
At the same time, the internationality of scholarship is one of
Barasch's most important principles. His students had to be acquainted with the major European languages and he helped them,
wherever possible, to a fellowship to continue their study abroad. H e
himself taught and is still teaching as a visiting professor at various
universities in the USA such as New York (NYU), Cornell, Yale,
Harvard and research institutes such as the Institute of Advanced
Studies at Princeton and the Getty Research Center at Los Angeles.
H e published eleven of his books in English and one even in G e r m a n .
In terms of the history of science, Moshe Barasch belongs within
the W a r b u r g tradition and is certainly its most prominent contemporary representative. This school has systematically blurred the disciplinary fences and distinctions between art and philosophy, religious
and social history, cultural anthropology and literary studies. Art is
seen not as an autonomous aesthetic province of culture but rather as
"symbolical form" a m o n g other symbolical forms constituting the
general semantics of a given society, culture or period. A work of art
is studied, in all its details of composition, color, iconographie theme
etc. as the result, and the "physiognomic" expression as it were of all
its technical, social, intellectual and spiritual contexts and conditions
in a way that opens new perspectives on religious backgrounds, philosophical debates, social structures or movements and cultural
changes. Just some titles of his major works in the English language
show the range of his research and of what he would call his "curios-
ity": Gestures of Despair in Medieval and Early Renaissance Art. New York
1976; Light and Color in Italian Renaissance Theory of Art. New York 1978,
2nd ed. 1980; Theories of Art from Plato to Winckelmann, New York 1985.
2nd ed. 1986, pb ed. 1985: Spanish Madrid 1991; Modem Theories of
Art I. From Winckelmann to Baudelaire. New York 1990, p b New York
1991; Modem Theories of Art II, From Impressionism to Kandinsky, New
York 1998; Giotto and the Language of Gesture. Cambridge 1987, 2nd ed.
1988, p b ed. 1990; Imago Hominis: Studies in the History of Art, ViennaNew York 1991. American ed. New York 1994; The Language of Art,
New York 1995; Blindness, London 2000.
T h e book which set us on the track of "Iconoclasm" is perhaps the
most famous a m o n g his English publications: Icon: Studies in the History
of an Idea, New York 1992. T h e reason why we finally exchanged the
title "iconoclasm" for the more general term "representation" is complex and has to do with the 2nd c o m m a n d m e n t itself. Since the 2nd
c o m m a n d m e n t , the Biblical prohibition of images, does not play a
central role in any of the papers assembled in this volume, a short
reminder may not be out of place here. T h e 2nd c o m m a n d m e n t
occurs twice in the Bible:
Thou shalt not make for thyself any carven idol, or any likeness of any
thing that is in heaven above, or that is in the earth beneath or that is in
the water under the earth: thou shalt not bow down to them, nor serve
them: for I, the LORD thy God am a jealous God, punishing the iniquity
of the fathers upon the children unto the third and fourth generation of
those that hate me; but showing mercy to thousands of generations of
those that love me, and keep my commandments." (Ex. 20:4-6; trans.
Koren Bible)
Lest ye corrupt yourselves, and make you a graven image, the similitude of any figure, the likeness of male or female, The likeness of any
beast that is on the earth, the likeness of any winged fowl that flieth in the
air, The likeness of any thing that creepeth on the ground, the likeness of
any fish that is in the waters beneath the earth:
And lest thou lift up thine eyes unto heaven, and when thou seest the
sun, and the moon, and the stars, even all the host of heaven, shouldest
be driven to worship them, and serve them, which the LORD thy God
hath divided unto all nations under the whole heaven.
But the LORD hath taken you, and brought you forth out of the iron
furnace, even out of Egypt, to be unto him a people of inheritance, as ye
are this day." (Dtn. 5:8-10; trans. King James' version)
T h e 2nd c o m m a n d m e n t is prohibiting the making not of images, but
of idols. Not the general term "selem" is used which corresponds to
English "image" and which is used in Gen 1:26 (man the "image" of
God), but more specific terms such as "graven image" or "cast image" which imply the notions not only of making but especially of
worshipping. Not "iconicity" is the point, but worship. T h e "making"
of such an image is considered and condemned as an act of worship.
W h a t is so harmful about images that their production arouses God's
jealousy and incurs terrible punishment? W e must read this comm a n d m e n t in the light of the first one with which it is fused in the
Catholic and Lutheran traditions: T h o u shalt have no other gods
before me. T h e 2nd c o m m a n d m e n t is a commentary on the first.
Having "other gods" means making images, and vice-versa. Making
images arouses God's jealousy, because it means worshipping images,
and worshipping images means having other gods besides the true
and only one. Every image of any celestial, terrestrial or aquatic being
turns automatically into a rival god. Generally speaking, depicting the
world means adoring it, images are made for worship or, rather, the
making of an image constitutes already an act of worship. T h e prohibition of making images is a prohibition of worshipping the world by
sculptural or pictorial representation.
It is important to note that the Second C o m m a n d m e n t is originally not about the non-representability of G o d and the essential
inadequacy of images in ensuring divine presence. T h e philosophical
idea of transcendence is not involved in the prohibition of images. It
is not their inadequacy, but their very efficiency which makes them
unacceptable in the eyes of God. Icons are prohibited because they
tend to be worshipped, and their worship is put on the same footing
with the worship of the heavenly bodies; independently of any questions of representation and meaning, images turn in the very act of
being worshipped into foreign gods in the same way as the heavenly
bodies which God has allotted to "all nations", that is, the pagans for
objects of worship. T h e images do not "represent" God or gods but
"are" or "become" other gods.
This is shown by the story of the Golden Calf (Ex. 32), which is not
only about the making of an image and the result of that making, but
also about the consequences which an image necessarily entails. T h e
story of the Golden Calf is about an image that was meant to represent God, not other gods, but that turned into another god seducing
the people to pagan worship against their original intentions. W h e n
Moses stayed so long on Mt. Sinai that the people feared he might
never return they bade Aaron to fill the void by making them "God(s)
(Elohim) who will go before us". T h e idea was to replace the vanished
representative of god by a representation of god; not of Moses and
not of some other gods, but of the same god Moses had been representing. This supposed functional equivalence of prophet and image
is very important; it constitutes the error the people were committing.
Aaron collected all the gold the people were wearing and threw it
into the fire, melted it and formed it into a calf. And they said:
"These be thy god(s) (elœ elohekha) who brought thee up out of the land
of Egypt." T h e heresy lies in the use of the demonstrative pronoun.
T o point to something visible saying "this is your god" is precisely
what is categorically forbidden by the 2nd c o m m a n d m e n t . G o d is
who H e is and cannot be represented nor demonstrated.
If we ask for what M a x W e b e r calls the "subjective meaning" of an
action, Aaron and the people acted in perfecdy good will. They did
not m e a n to turn away from J a h w e , their god, and to address themselves to an image of Baal or the Apis bull. T h e accusation should not
be apostasy but a mistake in divine representation, in the means to
assure divine presence and communication. But the subjective meaning is not what counts here. Whatever they intended, "this thing
became a sin", to quote 1 Kings 30, where the same error is reported
of King J e r o b e a m . H e made two golden calves setting up the one in
Beth-El and the other in D a n saying: "Behold thy gods, Ο Israel,
which brought thee up out of the land of Egypt." T h e sin of making
images lies not in any original intentions but in the consequences, in
what images lead to, in the temptation they exert on the h u m a n
Taken together, these two passages, the 2nd c o m m a n d m e n t and
the story of the Golden Calf, define the meaning of idolatry as the
quintessential expression of "false religion" or "paganism" both in the
sense of false worship, that is, worshipping false gods instead of the only
true one, and in the sense of false forms of worship, that is, worshipping
God in forms that go astray and that, instead of assuring His presence,
destroy the presence G o d Himself concedes. T h e y destroy divine
presence because they impose a presence and power of their own.
T h e 2nd c o m m a n d m e n t forbids the worship of the world instead
of its creator. T h e so called dominium terrae, the exhortation that m a n
should rule over the earth goes in the same direction. It is not an
invitation to exploit the world but only a warning against worshipping it. T h e worship of images is a worship of the cosmos or, to use a
word coined in the 18th c., "cosmotheism". Images are not mimetic
reduplications of visible reality but vessels of the invisible, intra-mundane powers that animate the world from within.
In the view of the iconoclasts, images idolize the world and blind
the eyes for looking beyond the world and focusing on the creator.
Instead of establishing a contact, images block the communication
with god whose presence can only be felt, to quote Stefan George,
like "air from other planets blowing". For the "idolaters", the divine
is not like air from other planets blowing, but the very air that is
blowing in this world and that makes it an abode habitable for both
men and gods. T o the iconoclasts, this being-entirely-at-home in the
world appears like blind entanglement. Idolatry means Weltverstrìckung, entanglement within the world, addiction to the visible and the
In order to better understand what is meant by "idolatry" and
what the second c o m m a n d m e n t is prohibiting, we have to reconstruct
the opposite maxim which the second c o m m a n d m e n t is opposing, the
c o m m a n d m e n t or maxim of the "iconists". This maxim, of course, is
not "make as many idols and images as you possibly can of all you see
in the sky, on earth and in the water", but, rather, "worship everything divine wherever you feel its manifestations, do not neglect any
of the divine powers you feel operative in the establishment and
maintenance of order, in the cosmos and in society as well as in your
own soul and body; never forget that you depend on this whole world
surrounding you and that this world needs to be maintained by constant care lest it would turn uninhabitable and people become strangers in a world no longer animated by divine life and order; maintain
the world in its divine animatedness by incessant efforts of imagination and articulation—iconic, verbal and dramatic." Something like
this seems to be the iconists maxim and it is understood that this
support and maintenance of cosmic life and order can only be effectuated by means of a symbolic articulation of these powers that animate the world from within and from above. T h e making of images
is to be seen as an important aspect of this constant concern of symbolic articulation which is not a reduplication of reality but a
visibilisation of order.
W h a t the cult of images is about is most explicitly stated in an
Egyptian text which was only written in the 3rd c. C E in view of
rising Christianity: the hermetic treatise Asclepius. This texts devotes
several chapters to the statues "ensouled and conscious, filled with
spirit and doing great deeds, statues that foreknow the future and
predict it by lots, by prophecy, by dreams and by many other means;
statues, that make people ill and cure them, bringing them pain and
pleasure as each deserves." (ch. 24) Images are not dead matter but
are vessels of divine presence. T h e y provide an interface between the
divine and the h u m a n worlds, between heaven and earth. " D o you
not know", the text continues, "that Egypt is an image of heaven or,
to be more precise, that everything governed and moved in heaven
came down to Egypt and was transferred there? If truth be told, our
land is the temple of the whole world". Images are the means of
bringing the divine down and making it dwell in Egypt. Images, in
the eyes of those who believe in them (let us call them "iconists")
achieve precisely what they prevent in the eyes of the "aniconists":
making G o d dwell a m o n g the people and ensuring sacred communication. Images and sacred animals are media of divine presence
which they conceive of as a kind of animation. Iconoclasm would
bereave the world of this divine animation and would turn it into
mere inanimate matter, doomed to pollution and decomposition. T h e
hermetic treatise continues by giving a vivid description of what it
calls "the old age of the world" (senectus mundi). It does not mention
the cult of images, because this theme constitutes the overall context
and has been dealt with extensively in the preceding chapter:
׳
divinity will return from earth to heaven and Egypt will be abandoned.
The land that was the seat of reverence will be widowed by the powers
and left destitute of their presence...
Then this most holy land, seat of shrines and temples, will be filled
completely with tombs and corpses...
a torrent of blood will fill the Nile to the banks and pollute the divine
Whoever survives will be recognized as an Egyptian only by his language; in his actions he will seem a foreigner.
In their weariness the people ofthat time will find the world nothing to
wonder at or to worship. This universe—a good thing that never had nor
has nor will have its better will be endangered. People will find it oppressive and scorn it. They will not cherish this entire world... a glorious
construction, a bounty composed of images in multiform variety, a multiform accumulation taken as a single thing
No one will look up to heaven. The reverent will be thought mad, the
irreverent wise. Whoever dedicates himself to reverence of mind will find
himself facing a capital penalty. They will establish new laws, new justice.
Nothing holy, nothing reverent nor worthy of heaven or heavenly beings
will be heard of or believed in the mind.
How mournful when the gods withdraw from mankind! Then neither
will the earth stand firm nor the sea be sailable; stars will not cross
heaven nor will the course of the stars stand firm in heaven. Every divine
voice will grow mute in enforced silence. The fruits of the earth will rot;
the soil will no more be fertile; and the very air will droop in gloomy
lethargy.
Such will be the old age of the world: irreverence, disorder and disregard for everything good. (Asclepius 24-26 ed. Nock-Festugière, Corpus
Hermeticum, Collection Budé, Paris 1960, 326-329, with omissions)
T h e second c o m m a n d m e n t is or comes to be directed against this
form of cosmotheism and to insist on the radical alterity and transcendence of God. Instead of making h u m a n s feel at home in the
world, it strives at estranging them from this world. "I am a stranger
on this earth", we read in a late Psalm dating from Hellenistic times,
which continues " D o not hide thy T o r a h from m e " (Ps. 119.19).
W h a t is important to establish and to maintain on earth is not "or-
der" but God's will or justice, and God's will (justice) does not belong
to the powers of this world, but has to be drawn from another source
which is the T o r a h : "do not hide thy T o r a h from me".
T h e conflict between these two positions is still applicable to our
modern or postmodern situation. Shall we insist on the radical
alterity, if not of God, then, e.g., of art which should be felt like "air
from other planets blowing", shall we continue feeling like strangers
in a world of pure worldliness, shall we, after the death of God,
refrain from worshipping anything at all?
O r should we, on the contrary, turn towards the world and insist
on the necessity of its symbolic articulation, should we again develop
a sensitivity of maintenance, care and attention with regard to nature,
to the dynamics and regularities of social, political, individual life,
should we cultivate and cherish the images and any forms of pictorial,
musical, verbal, architectural, logical, mathematical representations
and articulations that make these hidden powers, connections, flows
and energies visible, treatable, approachable and processable? W e
will never be able to unlearn the lesson that the prohibition of making
images keeps teaching us for more than two millennia: that humans
are never entirely at home in this world and are bound to "advance
in intellectuality" as Sigmund Freud has called it. But, even though
not being entirely at home in this world, we are committed to i t - and
there is something in the "cosmothcistic" idea of maintenance that is
still—or rather again and more and more—important in our time.
Moshe Barasch, in his book Icon. Studies in the History of an Idea, has
shown that the aesthetic aspect of representational art was never an
issue in the debates between iconoclasts and iconodules. T h e images
were rejected and defended, not for their aesthetic value but for their
power either to create or to destroy a link between man and god. But
he has also shown that the biblical prohibition of images with its
concept of iconic power implies an aesthetic theory of its own. It takes
art seriously in recognizing the aspect of worship in the act of making
images and the aspect of mystical power in the act of looking at them.
T h e rejection of images is not about "iconicity" in the sense of the
capacity of replicating the visible, but about power in the sense of
making the unvisible visible.
T H E I D O L IN T H E I C O N : S O M E A M B I G U I T I E S
M O S H E BARASCH
It is a strange fact that during the great iconoclastic debates, that so
profoundly shook the institutions and intellectual foundations of Europe, no precise definition of what an icon is, and what are its essential characteristics, was ever proposed. This is particularly remarkable
since the iconoclastic upheavals produced a large harvest of literary
records, both theoretical and non-theoretical. As we know, there were
flagrant contradictions in the attitudes to the icon, but apparentiy no
serious doubts arose as to what an icon is. Even such a systematic
mind as J o h n of Damascus (who influenced Thomas Aquinas and
should be considered as an ancestor of Scholasticism) attempts a definition of "image" in general, and while he uses the Greek term eikon,
he does not have the icon in our sense in mind. Obviously, then, no
need was felt for a formal definition. Both the iconoclasts and the
iconodules had a clear notion, and a mental image, of the icon. T h e y
must have known what the qualities are that make a carved or
painted image into an icon. Some questions arising with regard to
one of such qualities are the subject matter of my presentation.
Several qualities are characteristic of the typical, classic icon of the
divine. O n e of these qualities seems to be a perfect internal consistency, the total absence of any ambiguity or internal tensions in the
sacred image. T h e clear, transparently consistent nature of the icon
creates in the spectator the impression of a full manifestation of the
being depicted in the image he looks at. Mikhail Bakhtin spoke in an
interesting essay (Speech Genres & Other IMe Essays [Austin, Texas,
1986], pp. 132 ff.) of a kind of statement he called "proclamatory."
T h e proclamatory statement, "with its indisputability, unconditionality," does not tolerate equivocality. W e may apply Bakhtin's category to our subject. T h e icon is a proclamatory pictorial statement,
and therefore it must be of a perfectly unequivocal nature.
This also holds true for the spectator's attitude to the holy image.
As any other artistic "genre," the icon, too, shapes the audience's
reaction. Genres, we have been told, create in the spectator, or in the
reader, expectations of a distinct direction, and these expectations
may be decisive in the understanding of what he looks at. (E. D.
Hirsch, Jr., Validity in Interpretation [New Haven and London, 1967])
Every spectator about to look at an icon expects that the sacred
image will manifest the intrinsic wholeness and coherence of the fig-
ure or scene it represents. Similar expectations emerge from the approach to what may be called a political icon. Looking at the image
of an emperor, perhaps no less than at the icon of a god, the ancient
spectator knew what to expect, and he was not left in doubt as to
what he saw (S.R.F. Price, Rituals and Power: The Roman Imperial Cult in
Asia Minor [Cambridge, 1984], pp. 170 If.).
An icon, then, has to be clear. It is clear when it is free from
ambiguity, when, if I may use such metaphor, it has only one single
level of meaning. T h e main obstacle to the icon's clarity, and the
spectator's understanding of it, is not so much an insufficient articulation, but mainly ambiguity. W h e n the spectator remains in doubt as
to who or what is represented in a cult image, when the face or the
figure he sees can be read both as those of the "true" and of the
"false" god, the image cannot be valid as an icon. But can an image
belonging to the class of icons not have more than just one level of
meanings?
Classic icons, displaying the transparent coherence typical for the
genre, emerged mainly from homogeneous cultures. T h o u g h a fully
homogeneous culture does not exist, as I need hardly stress, some
periods or cultures are more unified than others. In such periods, the
artists creating the images and the audiences for w h o m they are ereated are to a large extent drawing from the same sources and traditions, and share the same beliefs and mental images. In homogeneous
cultures, ambiguities in the reading of images are less likely to arise,
and icons are more intelligible, than in cultures that lack homogeneity. Audiences are able to assimilate the images to a high degree. It is
in these conditions that the famous dictum that "images are the script
of the illiterate" could have emerged. W h e t h e r or not that often repeated sentence correctly represents the historical reality (that is,
whether or not the illiterate audience did indeed understand the images), there was no imputing of a different, opposed identity to a holy
figure, especially to a divine image, or to a sacred scene. T h e
unimpeded readability of the icon reflects an underlying stratum of
beliefs and mental images c o m m o n to the makers and spectators of
icons.
A classic example of an icon that emerged f r o m a largely homogeneous culture (or a culture consciously striving at unity and homogeneity, at least in certain respects) is the one created by thirteenth
century religious art in western Europe. T h e imagery of High Gothic
cathedrals may be filled with a variety of tendencies in style, as has
often been said, yet it is dominated by the attempt to erect a comprehensive visual system, and to arrive at images of Christ, and of many
saints, that are of a distinct, "final" clarity. Manifestatio, it has been
said, "elucidation or clarification, is ... the first controlling principle
of Early and High Scholasticism" and of Gothic art. (Erwin Panofsky,
Gothic Architecture and Scholasticism [Latrobe, Penn., 1951], pp. 30 if.)
T h e Beau Dieu of thirteenth century French cathedrals is a striking
example. T h e appearance of this figure, so it seems, leaves no room
for doubts or ambiguities in understanding.
Important parts of the iconic imagery of Europe, however, were
created, or reached final shape, in times and societies that were split
and divided; sometimes they are the very opposite of homogeneous
cultures. T h e student of icons will note that in these societies there is
not a single dominant religion that imposes on the mental life a high
degree of unity. Several religions exist next to each other, usually in
strife and struggle. T h e records of the intellectual and emotional life
of such times, the literature and the works of art created in them, are
often more equivocal than those shaped in what we have called homogeneous societies. Now, are the conditions prevailing in such periods, mainly the close interweaving of conflicting beliefs, reflected in
the icons then produced, and are the way they were read different
from those c o m m o n in homogenic cultures? Moreover, do the religious struggles, and especially the altercations of the victorious religion with the one that is ultimately defeated, leave some traces in the
icons themselves?
In the present essay I shall concentrate on some aspects of the
shape, the reading, and the afterlife of icons produced in non-homogeneous cultures. My material will be drawn from the religious imagery in late Hellenism and the transitional period between Antiquity
and the Middle Ages. Originally I had hoped to be able to deal also
with the religious attitude to icons in some of the heretic movements
in the western Middle Ages, but the limits of a paper do not allow me
to venture into this fascinating land with all its temptations.
Without in any way attempting to outline the attitude to sacred
images in "non-homogeneous" periods, that were so often times of
upheaval and profound historical change, I should only point out one
seemingly paradox characteristic. This paradox is particularly manifest in the religious life of the time that produced the icons that will
serve as my examples. O n the one hand, some inherited distinctions,
traditionally considered crucial in the domain of religious beliefs, rituals, and visual symbols, seem to crumble away, and mental images
are transferred from one denomination to another. O n the other
hand, however, the sacred image as such does not become a matter of
minor significance. In those periods, symbols and inherited sacred
images were a matter of utmost importance to believers. People belonging to a specific faith often fanatically stuck to the details of a
Figure 1. The New Paphos Mosaic in Cyprus.
sacred image, whether they used it as amulets or worshipped it in
rituals as an icon of the divine. I shall attempt to approach this
complex, and sometimes contradictory, interaction of a fanatically
orthodox sticking to symbols, and the transfer of some holy images
from one belief to another, by a discussion of a few select examples.
T o m a n y of the questions that arise in such an investigation answers cannot readily be given. Religious struggles were carried out
not only in the field of the spoken and written word, but also in the
domain of images, and here, as the student of iconoclasm knows well,
censorship could be very thorough. It is unavoidable, therefore, that a
great deal of what I shall have to say is speculative, at least to some
degree. Yet questions should be fully formulated even if we do not
have satisfactory answers. T h e objection that very little that is fully
reliable can be known about our problems is no reason to disregard
them altogether.
A Late Hellenistic Mosaic
In the early 1980's a magnificient late antique mosaic was excavated
in New Paphos in Cyprus (Wiktor Daszewski, Dionysos der Erlöser
[Mainz, 1985]). This mosaic, a work of the fifth century A.D., is sur-
prisingly well preserved. Of the six panels of which it consists, two are
devoted to Dionysos. We are here concerned only with the panel that
shows Dionysos as a child (Fig. 1). T h e composition of this panel
consists of two halves. T h e right half shows Hermes who, majestically
seated on a (hardly visible) chair or throne, holds the infant Dionysos
on his lap. Hermes's position has an explicit air of solemnity; he is
presenting the infant to the world. A cluster of allegorical figures
surrounds this central group, each of the figures identified by a clearly
legible inscription. In the left part of the panel, a female figure (a
nymph?) is kneeling in the foreground, next to a round tub, while
another w o m a n is pouring something (probably a liquid) into it.
Here, too, allegorical figures, identified by inscriptions, surround the
two female figures. In the present discussion we shall concentrate on
the group in the right half only.
T h e modern spectator, familiar with countless representations of
the stories told in the Gospels, instantly perceives the basic affinity of
the " p a g a n " scenes represented in the Cyprus mosaic with the Christian subject of the Adoration of the Magi. Were it not for the small
wings attached to Hermes's head, we would, in fact, take his figure
for that of the Virgin, and read the whole scene as an Adoration of
Christ by the Magi. Such a m o d e r n spectator might only wonder
about who are the figures, identified by inscriptions, that surround
the central group. These figures differ in identity and general expression from the kings who came from distant lands to worship the new
born redeemer. As we know, the Adoration of the Magi emerged in
the earliest stages of Christian lore, perhaps two centuries before the
Cyprus mosaic was produced, and soon achieved a kind of canonic
formulation and wide distribution. Already the oldest Christian representation of the subject, the Adoration of the Magi in the C a t a c o m b of
S. Pietro and Marcellino in R o m e (Fig. 2), probably of the late third
century A.D., presents the core of the scene as a definitely articulated
composition that persisted for more than a millennium without essential change. (Hugo Kehrer, Die Heiligen Drei Könige in Literatur und Kunst,
II [Leipzig, 1909; reprinted Hildesheim-New York, 1976] fig. 1). T h e
many renderings of the same scene that have come down to us show
how c o m m o n this particular image was in the early Christian world.
T h e subject was especially frequent in the Christian imagery of the
countries at the eastern shores of the Mediterranean, and N e a r Eastern Christian art was more prolific in the rendering and articulation
of the Adoration of the Magi than in any other region. M o d e r n
scholarship has distinguished a specific "Syrian type" of the subject,
and has been able to describe its development and its impact on the
painting of the Middle Ages. (Kehrer, pp. 26 f f , 81 f f ) T o understand
Figure 2. The Adoration of the Magi in the Catacomb of
S. Pietro and Marcellino, Rome.
the wide distribution of the motif, it may be worth mentioning that
the Adoration of the Magi was a theme that attracted the interest of
the makers and buyers of precious objects that pilgrims carried home
from their pilgrimages to the holy places. Such objects, that would
today probably be labeled as precious tourist wares, may have conveyed something of the authority invested in them by their origin in
the "holy places." We may be sure that, then as in all ages, reverence
as well as wide interest was assured to these pieces. A famous example
of such objects are the ampullae of Monza, on which the Adoration
of the Magi is represented. T h e r e were, of course, some variations
and differences between the various types of representing the scene,
but the basic compositional type is the same all of them. In all variations, it should be stressed, the composition and particularly the central group of the Adoration of the Magi (the Virgin presenting the
Christ child) remains always surprisingly close to what we see in the
Dionysos mosaic in Cyprus.
I have mentioned these facts, well known to every student of ancient and medieval art, in order to stress the obvious: that the patrons
and makers of the Cyprus mosaic as well as the audiences for whom
it was m a d e must have been aware of the Christian subject, of its
compositional pattern and of its connotations. T h e similarity in com-
position and the affinity in expression of the Dionysos scene in the
New Paphos mosaic and the then c o m m o n image of the Adoration of
the Magi cannot be a matter of chance. This becomes particularly
manifest when we recall that there was a classic tradition of representing the birth of Dionysus that preceded the impact of Christian imagery. Hermes bringing, or offering, the newborn Dionysus to the
nymphs was represented in Naples (Fig. 3). Here the nude Hermes
dramatically hastens to bring the baby-Dionysus to the nymphs, his
fast movement emphasized by the billowing drapery. Another exampie is the cover of a sarcophagus, now in Madrid. T h e birth and
childhood of Dionysus is here rendered in several scenes. In the middie scene the actual birth (from Zeus's thigh) is rendered. T o the right
of this group, in the same scene, we see once again the nude Hermes
Figure 4. The Μαάήά Sarcophagus.
running with the newborn Dionysus towards the nymphs (Fig. 4). W e
cannot go here into the iconography of Hermes carrying the newborn
Dionysus in classical art. I should only stress that the earlier representadons mentioned are all of a narrative nature; none of them has the
character of an icon. T h e mosaic in New Paphos clearly marks a
break with the tradition of this motif in classical art. Here Hermes is
not rushing, but majestically seated; he is not nude, but wears ample
garments; the newborn Dionysus is not a helpless baby carried by
Hermes in his arms, but an upright sitting child, solemnly raising his
hands in a gesture of speech and benediction. Clearly the Cyprus
mosaic is guided by an artistic and religious tradition different from
the one that influenced the narrative representations. In fifth century
Cyprus, then, pagan artists and audiences were obviously familiar
with the Christian image.
T o grasp what such pagan adjustment to the Christian model may
have really meant, it will be useful to recall some of the conditions
that prevailed at the time and areas in which both the Cyprus mosa-
ics and the many representations of the Adoration of the Magi were
produced. W e are speaking of the centuries after Constantine's conversion, when pagan religions became first endangered and then actually oppressed. T w o events may be mentioned as indicating the
limits of the time span in the intellectual and religious life and Struggies in the eastern Mediterranean we have here in mind. T h e first
event is the forced closing down of the Sarapeum in Gaza, in 391, by
the Christian governor; the second is Justinian's order of A.D. 529,
closing down the Platonic Academy in Athens. During this historical
period, roughly a century and a half, the area we have in mind,
extending from Syria to Greece, was the scene of intense religious
conflicts, carried on both on the level of theological speculation and
on that of ritual practice, both with great emotional intensity. A profound, often orthodox, adherence of the different religious groups to
their inherited rituals, to the cult objects, and to the more or less
firmly articulated mental imagery of the respective faiths, recorded in
the pictorial motifs known from the art of the period, were emotionally highly charged. It is this emotional intensity of the various religious faiths that poses a central problem to the proper understanding
of the mosaic. We should further remind that Cyprus, placed between the great centers, between G a z a and Athens, was necessarily
also the stage for parts of the conflict. T h e mosaic from New Paphos,
produced in the period discussed, must be seen against this conflict.
For the present investigation, two features of the intellectual, religious, and emotional conditions of this period are of particular significance. O n e is the close interaction of the different groups that I have
already mentioned, the familiarity of one group with the beliefs and
symbols of the other denominations. This intertwining produced the
particular atmosphere that is characteristic of the period. T h e other is
the tenacity by which many of the groups clung to the original faith,
and the resulting struggles, that were often fierce and cruel.
T h e first point—the interaction of different religious groups, living
in close proximity to, often within, each other in many countries of
the Near East—is too well known to require restating. I shall, therefore, only make a brief remark about the second point, the tenacious
adherence of followers of different " p a g a n " religions to their original
faith. W e know that the "Christianization of the R o m a n Empire,"
particularly in the eastern parts, was a struggle that extended over
centuries, and continued much longer than we used to believe. (Pierre
Chuvin, A Chronicle of the Last Pagans [Cambridge, Mass., 1990; original French Paris, 1990]). Even if some Christian historians at the
time, such as Evagrius and J o h n of Ephesus, probably exaggerated
the numbers of people continuing their pagan religious cults (the
latter reports that he discovered many thousands of pagans in one
region, and fifteen hundered temples and shrines), it seems certain
that two or three centuries after the Christian religion became offidaily accepted such rituals were still widespread. ( J.P.N. Land,
Johannes, Bischof von Ephesus: Der erste syrische Kirchenhistoriker [Leyden,
1856]) Despite fifth-century legislation against pagan cults and their
actual persecution, pagan festivals were still celebrated in Edessa in
the late fifth century. At the end of the sixth century sacrifices to Zeus
were here still offered. (Glenn Bowersock, Hellenism in Late Antiquity
[Ann Arbor, Mich., 1990], pp. 35 ff.) Although clinging to pagan
faith, and particularly the celebrating of prohibited pagan rituals, was
a dangerous activity, especially in the last stages of Antiquity (Chuvin,
pp. 131 ff.), these faiths did not disappear. T h e tenacity of clinging to
these religions show how important both the faith and the ritual were
to these believers. W e know very little about the role images have
played in these clandestine pagan rituals. We may be sure, however,
that they must have formed part of the pagan world at the period
when the Cyprus mosaic was created.
Now I come back to the original question concerning the Cyprus
mosaic. In view of these intense religious struggles between the "pag a n " and Christian religions and the tenacious adherence, in the face
of persecutions, to the inherited faith, how should we understand the
similarity or affinity of the Dionysos mosaic in New Paphos and the
contemporary scenes of the Adoration of the Magi? Let us try and
imagine a spectator, living in Cyprus or one of the N e a r Eastern
countries, looking at the Cyprus mosaic shortly after it was produced.
Such a spectator would, of course, immediately have identified the
affinity to the Christian image of the Adoration of the Magi. At a first
glance, our spectator might well have believed that he is looking at a
Christian image representing the Virgin rather than Hermes. Only
the figures around the central group, that do not easily fit into the
Christian image, may have finally convinced him that what he sees is
the rendering of a Greek mythological scene rather than of a Christian story. Now, what would our imaginary spectator have made of
the similarity between the two scenes, the pagan and the Christian?
In describing and explaining such cross-denominational similarities, present-day historians of art often employ the notion of "influences." W h a t is usually meant by this term is that the older work or
motif served as a model for the new one. T h e artist who shaped the
later work, so it is imagined, transplants, as it were, subconsciously or
even with full awareness, the formal motifs and composition from one
complex of subjects (and their connotations) to another. While in our
research we cannot do without the assumption of "influence," the
concept as such is more problematic than may appear at first glance.
In using it, particularly for the study of pre-modern art, we should try
to see clearly what it implies
In the context of historical investigation, "influence" is of course a
modern concept. It tacitly makes several assumptions, and at least
two of them are significant for our present subject. T h e first assumption is that the feature that exerts the influence, the form or motif
taken over, can be detached from its original context without tinging
the work to which it is now applied, the work influenced, with the
contents for which it was created in the first place. Secondly, in the
concept of influences, as handled by modern art historians, it is somehow assumed that both the artist who produces the work and the
audience for which it is produced, are mainly concerned with formal
values. They either do not know from where a pattern, a configuration is taken, or they do not mind what the origin is. In such cases,
the form may said to be "neutral" with regard to former connotations.
But do these assumptions apply to the art of earlier periods? This
would be the case only when the configuration transplanted from one
cultural or religious context to another is indeed "neutral," that is,
free of emotional charge. However, when a form, a configuration, a
composition impressed themselves u p o n collective memory as part of
a certain theme, particularly as belonging to a certain religion, it
cannot be considered as neutral. In such a case the transfer of the
form or motif is not a matter of little concern. T h e very fact that it
now appears in a new context carries a message that the knowing
spectator will certainly discern.
After this brief digression, let us now return to our imaginary
spectator looking at the Dionysos mosaic in New Paphos. We have
already said that he will have identified the affinity of the Dionysos
mosaic and the Adoration of the Magi. In an interesting study, Glenn
Bowersock has pointed out that influences between paganism and
Christianity in the fifth century A.D. were really "a two-way street."
W e all have been brought up on the idea (certainly correct in its
major lines) that Christianity borrowed its central models and major
means of expression from the great cultures it termed "pagan/ 5 and
violently fought. We should recall, however, that in late Antiquity,
particularly since the fourth century, Christianity also influenced the
pagan culture and beliefs, that still vigorously persisted. Thus, in
some parts of the central piece of Greek literature in the fifth century,
Nonnos's Dionysiaca, the god Dionysus is endowed with a soteriological character that is altogether alien to this god in earlier times,
but shows basic affinities to Christian thought. (Bowersock, p. 44) T h e
Christian impact on paganism, then, could penetrate to central areas
of religion. Making the ancient G o d of vine a redeemer clearly betrays the impact of Christianty. Angels also are moved closely to the
divinity, something alien to Greek culture, but appearing in pagan
late Antiquity. (Bowersock, pp. 19 if.) Julian the Apostate introduced
into his pagan temples elements of the Christian ritual he learned in
his youth.
T h e scene in the Cyprus mosaics showing Dionysos sitting on the
lap of Hermes, or being presented by Hermes to the world as Christ
is presented to the world by the Virgin, should be understood in the
same direction. As the Christian R e d e e m e r - G o d was assimilated into
Dionysiac religion, was "paganized," as it were, by turning Dionysos
into a redeemer figure, so—we would suggest—the Adoration of the
Magi was incorporated into late antique pagan art by making babyDionysos sit on the lap of Hermes.
Such appropriation of the Christian motif by the maker of a pagan
icon, especially in the atmosphere of tension I have tried to outline,
cannot be a matter of a merely formal "influence." O n e wonders,
however, what were the motives, at this particular period and area,
for taking over a model from the other religion. Was it the desire to
assimilate into one's own religion those features of the Christian belief
that seemed so attractive to many people, or was it a distinct attempt
to usurp the Christian motif and to show that the old religion, the
pagan, is superior to the new one, and that the pagan legacy shines
through the Christian images?
As I see it, the Dionysos mosaic intends to suggest that the Christian image is now subordinated to what they hoped will be the renewed and finally victorious religion. T o be sure, this is not done in a
"proclamatory" way; it is a d u m b r a t e d rather clandestinely. In the
Cyprus mosaic this subordination is expressed in two ways. O n e way
is the explicit change in the identity of the central figures: instead of
Christ it is the Dionysos child who is presented to the world, instead
of the Virgin it is Hermes who offers the divine child for adoration. It
is a simple replacing of one god by another. This particular meaning
of the change—that the god of one religion is replaced by that of
another—comes into being, or exists, only if the spectator remembers
the former scene. Only in a two-layered reading, when you see the
suppressed Christian model together with the new pagan rendering,
does the image disclose that it is meant as a triumphal m o n u m e n t of
paganism.
T h e other way of intimating that the symbol of the Christian religion is incorporated in, and overcome by the pagan faith may be the
surrounding of the central group of the seated figure holding up the
child for adoration, that is, the motif derived from the Christian
Adoration, by a wreath of figures of a distinct pagan character, identified as mythological figures by the inscriptions. This enclosing or
clasping of the "holy" group by pagan figures, the embedding of the
originally Christian group into the new context, is a kind of insinuation of the victory of one's own faith. T h e understanding of what this
surrounding means, and hence the meaning of the whole scene in its
new context, also depends on a simultaneous experience of the mosaic's two layers, the original Christian and the new pagan. It is, if you
wish, a kind of palimpsestic reading of the work. Only in such a
reading does the borrowing and transformation of the Christian motif
of the Adoration become a manifestation of the pagans' belief in the
victory of their religion.
An Icon of God's Hand
M y next example, an amply ornamented cross, illustrates another
attempt, of an altogether different nature, to overcome the "other"
religion in the field of images. T h e cross we are now considering
forms part of a decorative relief on one of the decorated faces of the
episcopal cathedra in the Cathedral of Torcello. (Fig. 5) So far as I
know, the Torcello cathedra, and the cross carved on it, have not
been studied in detail, and hence no precise date and provenance
have been established. For reasons of style, into which I need not go
here, it is obvious that the cross is a product of the early medieval
period. We do not know exacdy where the cathedra was produced
and where its ornaments were carved. It is obvious, however, that the
original model from which the decoration was derived must have
been a work from the transitional period between late Antiquity and
the early Middle Ages. In the center of the Torcello cross a medallion
is carved, and in this medallion a raised hand, in the well known
position of the benedictio latina, is represented. T o the hand's right side
a double disc representing the sun is carved, to its left, a siclde that
depicts the moon. In the lower half of the framed field, to both sides
of the cross, two prominent configurations are seen. Although they
suggest trees or vegetation of some kind, they emerge from pedestals
which explicidy demonstrate that they are not parts of nature but
artefacts, similar in shape to the base of columns. These two trees (or
plants) bend towards the cross. In the upper part of the relief the cross
is flanked by two round floral patterns. In the present essay we are
concerned mainly with what is shown inside the medallion placed in
the center of the cross,—the raised hand, flanked by the images of
sun and moon.
Figure 5. The Relieffromthe episcopal cathedra in the Cathedral of Torcello.
Before trying to analyze the image carved in the center of the
Torcello cross, we should briefly recall something of the early history
and theological context of the cross in general. T h e history of the
cross, though complex, cannot here be retold. I should only remind
that the cross was adored and worshipped as a sacred symbol and
object in its own right, that is, even without the figure of the crucified
Christ. T h e symbol came to stand for the idea (and the person), the
cross for Christ. T h e Kreuzesfrömmigkeit, the devotion to the cross,
flourished particularly in the final stages of late Antiquity and during
the early Middle Ages; it was especially widespread in the Near East,
from which in all likelihood the model of the Torcello Cross originated. In the popular beliefs of late Antiquity, especially in the N e a r
East, the cross was endowed with a mysterious vitality; it was imagined as a living being. T h e cross on which Christ was crucified, we
read in some apocryphical texts, was walking by itself. (The Gospel
According to Peter, chs. 39-41) It was described as speaking with a voice,
"sweet and kind and truly of G o d " (Acts of John, 98).
It is natural that the adoration of the cross and its transformation
into a miraculous being was also expressed in artefacts of various
kinds. Perhaps the most impressive type of such artefacts are the
monumental crosses erected in the period of transition from Antiquity to the Middle Ages. T h e diffusion of such monuments throughout Europe is an important p h e n o m e n o n of the culture of the period.
T h e erection of monumental crosses reached its climax in the British
isles. (Arthur Kingsley-Porter, The Crosses and Culture of Ireland [New
Haven, 1931], reprinted) Hundreds of such monuments can still be
seen in situ. But as self-contained objects, not only crosses of a m o n u mental size were known. Also as small scale objects and as decorations, crosses were c o m m o n in a multitude of forms. O n e of them
were the crosses inserted into particularly important pieces of furniture. A m o n g them is probably the cross in the cathedra in Torcello.
In many of these crosses, whether of monumental or of small size,
the center, where the four arms meet, is particularly emphasized and
richly decorated. Frequently this decoration of the center assumes the
shape of a medallion. T h e most famous a m o n g the crosses decorated
in this way is the Lothair Cross; bearing in its center a precious
R o m a n cameo. So far as I know, there was no established iconographic tradition that determined, more or less rigidly, what should
be shown in the center of the cross. However, a distinct tendency can
be discerned to place at this central point of the cross an emblem of
authority, an image that evokes the idea of rulership and world dominance. T h e Lothair Cross itself is a good example. It is not just a
piece of precious jewelry that was inserted into the center of the cross,
The Lothair Cross.
it is the image of the wreathed ruler of the empire holding the figure
of victory in his hand. (Fig. 6) T h e cameo, then, carries an imperial
message, and transforms the cross as a whole into a triumphal monument. In large scale crosses, or even in those of a smaller size, where
precious cameos could not be inserted, the idea of power and ruling
the world was often expressed in the reliefs carved in the center. A
typical example is the monumental Cross of Muiredach in Ireland, a
work of the tenth century. T h e face of the cross is covered with
representations of scenes from the Last J u d g e m e n t (probably a m o n g
the earliest representations of this subject) and in the center, the
dominating figure of Christ, holding the accepted symbols of authority; he appears as a powerful, triumphant ruler rather than as a considerate judge. At least in the early Middle Ages, the image in the
center of the cross was often intended to convey the sense of rulership
and domination.
Keeping this tradition in mind, we naturally ask how the image of
the raised hand in the center of the Torcello cross should be understood? This image of the hand has the concise and, as it were, "final"
formulation, the expression of solmenity, and the air of timelessness
(the absence of any movement) that are the characteristic features of
the icon. Was the carver who shaped this hand following some articulate models? Were there icons in the shape of a hand?
T h e ancient world, perhaps particularly the period of late Antiquity, was familiar with mainly two types of images of the isolated
hand, and in expressive character as well as in function they were
altogether different from each other. O n e type of images of the detached hand (as well as of other parts of the body) are votive gifts,
objects offered to the gods and deposited in many temples and sanetuaries. Votive gifts, as one knows, often were representations of sick
organs for which one asked the gods for cure. (F.T. van Straten,
"Gifts for the Gods," in H.S. Versnel, ed., Faith, Hope and Worship:
Aspects of Religious Mentality in the Ancient World [Leiden, 1981], pp. 65151) T h e monuments of the other type were cult images, objects of
adoration and worship. As objects of worship, these monuments representing a hand also carried, at least implicitly, a message of some
kind; they proclaimed something to the believers. T h e hand in the
center of the Torcello Cross has profound affinities with the second
type of a detached hand.
T h e artistic character of the two types of hand image differs as
radically as do their aims and origins. As a votive gift, the hand is not
meant to be understood as an abbreviation of the whole figure; nor is
it the concise, compressed formulation of a gesture. From its very
beginning the votive gift was intended to portray a single organ, the
one that hurt and which one hoped will be healed. (Strangely enough,
hands seem to have been relatively rare a m o n g those votive renderings.) T h e votive hand, as well votive representations of the other
organs that were more frequently represented (such as ears, legs, female breasts, etc.) do not have a distinct expressive character of their
own; they do not even evoke the sense of pain. In style and expression
they may said to be "neutral."
T h e other type is altogether different. 111 posture of the hand, in
the precisely established configuration of the fingers, and in general
expression, the hands of the second type are distinct from those belonging to the votive gifts. Usually the h a n d as a cult object has the
character of authority, and thus it often strikes the spectator as complete, a whole being. It is of such a hand that we say that it is speaking
or pointing, and we thus endow it with an intention that makes sense
only in a whole being, and thus make it a pars pro toto, it stands for a
The Sabazius Hand.
whole figure. A m o n g the best known forms of representing the isolated h a n d as a cult object (or for use in other contexts of religious
belie!) in late Antiquity is the "Sabazius H a n d . " These objects, usually of small size, often served as amulets for various purposes, as
apotropaic signs, etc. In the Sabazius H a n d the fingers are here held
in what came to be known as the benedictio latina. T h e hand, both
palm and fingers, are covered with, and surrounded by, creatures
that were believed to be endowed with healing or protecting powers,
such as the snake and the lizard (Fig. 7). M o d e r n scholars have inter-
preted the Sabazios H a n d as a speaking hand; it indicates, one believed, the pronouncing of the benediction or of the magic formula that
protects and saves. (H.P. L ' O r a n g e , Studies on the Iconography of Cosmic
Kingship in the Ancient World [Oslo, 1953]). T h e particular configuration
of the fingers would indeed suggest that this is a speaking gesture,
known as such from R o m a n art. Whatever else the isolated hand may
mean, says L ' O r a n g e (pp. 184 if), it expresses first of all that something is spoken. Franz C u m o n t (Le symbolisme funeraire des Romains
[Paris, 1942], p. 442, note 3) understands the h a n d of Sabazius as
"une incantation rituelle ou, pour mieux dire, magique." While the
idea of power always remains in the background of a cultic H a n d ,
explicitly the hand thus rendered is an image of speaking.
W e are here not so much concerned with the precise condition
that the Sabazius H a n d represents (speaking or just raised) as with
icon-character of the image. O n e notes first that the Sabazius H a n d is
fully detached from any narrative context or frame. It does not form
part of a story, and hence it is also not expected to change in position.
It is also does not convey the sense of being a fragment of a body (as
do the votive hands), and the spectator will not look for, or even
imagine, an arm to which the hand belongs, and a figure of which it
forms part. As if to stress this complete detachment from external
context, the H a n d is usually placed on an elaborate pedestal, made
up of several rings, that totally separate it from any organic continuity. N o votive hand, we recall, is ever placed on a pedestal. In style
and expression, then, the H a n d of Sabazius has the nature of an icon.
We can conclude this brief comment by the simple statement that,
as an icon, the hand was an essential part of the mental and material
imagery of late antique pagan culture, particularly of its religion.
In early Christian imagery we know of a closely related motif,—
God's H a n d . It is often represented as it emerges from clouds, from
the rainbow, or from other configurations that indicate the sky. In the
last stages of Antiquity the H a n d of G o d was popular also in Chrisdan artefacts. It is found in a variety of media, such as medals (e.g. a
medal in the Kunsthistorisches M u s e u m in Vienna) and primarily in
illuminated manuscripts. 111 these Christian versions the H a n d of G o d
should, in fact, be read as a visual formula of speech.
But can the isolated H a n d of G o d in early Christian art be considered as an icon? In a precise sense of the term, I believe, it is not an
icon. So far as I know, in Christian imagery it never appears as
completely self-enclosed, and altogether detached from any narrative
context. Even if it is relatively isolated in form, it performs actions
that are essential to the narrative represented in the composition:
thus, it crowns the king (in the Vienna medal God's H a n d reaches
down from heaven, holding a wreath that is to be placed on the head
of the emperor Constantine) (Fig. 8), it addresses the devil (in the
eighth century J o b manuscript in the Vatican [Vat. Grec. 749] where
the divine H a n d points at the Diabolos at the opposite corner of the
page) (Fig. 9), it directs the events (in the sixth century mosaic in Beth
Alpha representing the Sacrifice of Isaac). In other words, though in
form it may be partiy self contained, or even set off from the rest of
the image by a frame, it is in fact part and parcel of the whole story.
For this reason, I think that, in a precise sense of the term, God's
H a n d in Christian art is usually not an image in itself, and cannot be
considered as an icon.
W e now come back to our object, the Torcello Cross. Is the isolated h a n d within the medallion an icon? In expressive nature, in its
concise articulation, and in the solemnity of the posture, the h a n d in
the Torcello cross does display the qualities of an icon. While I would
not dare to establish a specific derivation, say from an individual
model, I think it is obvious that in general nature it shows a particularly close affinity to the icon of the type of the Sabazius H a n d . In this
Figure 8. The Vienna medal of the emperor Constantine.
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context it is interesting to note that the Torcello h a n d is not a fragment, in the sense as are the votive hands), it is self enclosed in
precisely the same m a n n e r as is the Sabazius H a n d : a kind of artificial
pedestal ring sets it off from the rest of the field. Moreover, though
this cannot be firmly established, the spectator gets the impression
that this isolated h a n d is placed on some kind of m o u n d , thus forming
a m o n u m e n t , but at the same time also making it a cult object.
T h e complex of ideas and emotions the Torcello H a n d conveys
also seems to continue meanings that traditionally were linked with
the pagan cult image of the isolated hand. Whatever the specific
explanation, the cult m o n u m e n t has always been perceived as a suggestion of power. In this sense the prophet Ezekiel describes God's
H a n d (10:8) in the vision of the divine chariot. In the pagan religions
of late Antiquity the isolated h a n d became an emblem of supernatural might, the power to heal and protect (as in apotropaic "hands" on
the walls and doors of houses). Even in altogether secular contexts,
political and military, we also find the isolated raised h a n d as a coneise image of power and authority. In the military signa of the R o m a n
legion the isolated raised h a n d is frequent; here it is the symbol of
sheer might. Keeping all this in mind we come back to the question,
how it was possible for Christians in the early Middle Ages to take
over this well known " p a g a n " cult motif and symbol, and place it in
the middle of the cross?
As we know, the answer commonly given or taken for granted is
that the artists as well as their audiences "took over" the language of
motifs and forms inherited from the great pagan past. While nobody
would deny that Christian art did indeed take over motifs and formulae of expression from the culture ("pagan," as they termed it) in
which it grew. T h e question, however, is how in that period a Christian would have understood that an explicidy pagan motif, the isolated raised hand, was accepted by their own art, and inserted into
the center of the cross. Taking over and using an image known to
everybody as the symbol of the "false" god or of the oppressing power
cannot simply be considered as a neutral act. T h e very fact that these
pagan emblems appear in Christian icons (regardless of what they
specifically meant) must have been understood as a message. It is
difficult to believe that in an age of fanatic religious struggle, the
believers in one religion (Christianity) would use without any concern
a central image of another religion with which it was fighting a fierce
and sustained battle. T h e presence of the h a n d of the "pagan" god
has, I believe, to be understood in a more complex way than by
simply assuming the taking over of a formal tradition.
O n e possible explanation of this combination the isolated h a n d
in a cross—is to assume that the Christian artist and his patrons were
fully aware of what the symbols originally meant, and by the insertion
of the hand into the cross wanted to proclaim the victory of Christianity over paganism. T h e audience, one has to assume, did in fact
understand this proclamation, or intuitively perceive its message.
W h a t the pagans did in the mosaic of Cyprus with the Christian
model of the Adoration of the Magi, the Christians did with the
isolated raised hand, an important cultic symbol of the pagan world.
T h e r e is, however, a difference between the two ways. T h e assimilation of a motif, as we see it in the Cyprus mosaic, perhaps requires
less explicit awareness than the incorporation of an almost unchanged "alien" symbol into one's own icon. T h e latter, I suggest,
cannot be accomplished without a full recognition both of what the
incorporated symbol originally stood for, and what the incorporation
itself means. By making a well known pagan symbol part of the cross,
the cross really becomes a m o n u m e n t of victory, a veritable tropeum
cruris.
If my reading of God's H a n d in the Torcello Cross is correct, it
would constitute an interesting development of a typical R o m a n art
form, the trophy. As is well known, Hellenistic commanders had the
custom of building trophies (tropaea) out of captured weapons and
armour. But while they left it, as a piled display of captured arms,
right on the battlefield, R o m a n emperors later erected permanent
monuments to their victories, and incorporated in these monuments
representations of such "trophies" as a symbolic motif. A m o n g the
most famous is the so-called "Germanic T r o p h y " of Domitian, of A.D.
83, now on the balustrade of the capitol in Rome. (Fig. 10) Now, if
the H a n d in the Torcello Cross does really refer to, or evoke, the
Sabazius H a n d , or similar monuments, it is not only a transformation
of the pagan image into a Christian symbol (the h a n d of Sabazius
into the h a n d of Christ), but it is also enframed and enclosed by the
cross. T h e Torcello Cross is, then, a kind of m o n u m e n t to a victory.
However that may be, once again the basic condition of the audience's perception of the work should be stressed. T h e spectator could
have understood the meaning of the H a n d and the whole Cross only
if he identified the isolated hand also as a pagan cult image (or originally connected with pagan cult), and saw that it was now enclosed
in, and thus subordinated to, the structure of the cross. Identifying the
idol within the icon is the condition of understanding the latter, but it
also endows it, that is, the cross as a whole with a new meaning.
Figure 10. "Germanic Trophy" of Domitian.
Some Conclusions
T w o monuments, even if they are rich in connotations and bear
witness to important trends of the times in which they were created,
cannot provide a basis for the drawing of any final conclusions.
However, even from such slim foundations as we have presented we
can attempt some reflections that go beyond the individual works of
art actually discussed. Thus, when we ask what our monuments may
tell us about the problem of the icon in general, several points
emerge.
W h a t can be learnt even from two monuments only is, first, that
there are icons that have more than just one layer of meaning. We
have already conjured up in our mind an imaginary spectator,
whether pagan or Christian, who reads the images differently, at least
at first glance. However we may judge the likelihood of such a spectator actually occurring and behaving as we have suggested, the very
fact that we can imagine him shows that the emblems of two faiths do
indeed appear in the same icon, and can both have some claim to be
considered. In this context it is of significance that in the works we
have seen (and in the many other works belonging to similar types)
the emblem of the "other" religion, of the rejected faith, so far as it
can be identified, is not deformed and distorted. In the period from
which we took our examples, the image of the other, the "false,"
religion (whichever it may be) does not become, or has not yet become, a diabolic figure. W h e n later in the Middle Ages the opponent
of the "true" god assumes a demonic, Satanic shape, it is shown as a
distorted, ugly and repulsive figure or as a wretched little devil trodden underfoot; the original powerful tendency to make the icon fully
consistent and conveying only one single meaning is again prevalent.
W h a t the images discussed further show us is that within the icons
themselves the battle between the gods, the struggle between different
faiths, continues in many subtle ways. O n e of them is the multiplelevel icon. This is not to say that the gods of the clashing religions are
given equal significance. O n the contrary, both in the icons made for
a pagan or a Christian public the principle of controlling hierarchy
prevails. But it is only within the multiple-level icon that the symbol
of one's own religion becomes a true sign of victory, that of the
defeated religion, a real trophy.
A final conclusion concerns the spectator's part. T h e attitude of
the believer to icon, as it has been understood by the public and
interpreted by the authorities in the course of centuries, resembles the
attitude to a revelation. You bow, you worship, and if you are asked,
you may participate in the suffering of the divine or holy figure por-
trayed. But in all these cases, it is taken for granted, that you accept
the icon as it is. An icon, then, is something that is "given," it does not
depend on the spectator. T h e type of the multiple-layered sacred
image shows that the icon, too, depends on the spectator reading it,
identifying its levels, and grasping the relationship between them.
T h e portrayal of the idol within the icon enlarges the scope and the
intrinsic scale of the icon both as an art form and as a religious
monument.
T W O K I N D S O F R E P R E S E N T A T I O N IN
G R E E K R E L I G I O U S ART*
M A R G A L I T FINKELBERG
The god is sitting on a throne; he is made of gold and ivory. There is a
wreath on his head like twigs and leaves of olive; in his right hand he is
holding a Victory of gold and ivory with a ribbon and a wreath on her
head; in the god's left hand is a staff in blossom with every kind of
precious metal, and the bird perching on this staff is Zeus's eagle. The
god's sandals are gold and so is his cloak, and the cloak is inlaid with
animals and flowering lilies. The throne is finely worked with gold and
gems, and with ebony and with ivory.
These are the opening words of a long and detailed description of one
of the most famous cult statues of classical antiquity, Zeus at Olympia
by Pheidias the Athenian (5th century B.C.), written by Pausanias in
his Guide to Greece in the 2nd century A.D. (Fig. I).1 According to
Strabo, the sculptor's model was Zeus of the Iliad, and more specifically, the following verses from Book 1 : "So the son of Cronus spoke,
and he nodded his dark brows. T h e lord god's immortal hair
streamed forward from his deathless head, and he shook the heights
of Olympus." 2 Quintilian said of this statue that its beauty, together
with that of another Pheidias masterpiece, Athene Parthenos on the
acropolis of Athens, added something to traditional religion: "to such
a degree the majesty of this work was equal to that of the godhead." 3
Dio Chrysostom said that Pheidias' Zeus had the power to bring
* This paper took its final form as a result of my participation in the Heidelberg
conference. I am especially indebted to Hildegard Cancik and Phyllis Granoff with
whom the topics of this paper were most productively discussed.
1 Paus. 5.11.1-2. Here and elsewhere, I use the Penguin translation of Pausanias
by Peter Levi.
II. I. 528-30. Tr. M. Hammond. See Str. 8.3.30 p. 354; cf. Dio Chrys. 12.25-26.
That this tradition existed even before Strabo and Dio Chrysostom follows from
Polyb.30.10.6: "Lucius Aemilius, when he saw Pheidias' Zeus at Olympia, was overwhelmed, and praised Pheidias as the only sculptor who had been able to represent
Homer's Zeus." Aemilius Paulus was a Roman general who visited Greece in 167
Quint. Inst. 12.10.9 ... cuius pulchrìtud0 adiecuse aliquid etiam receptae religioni videtur;
adeo maiestas opens deum aequavit.
Figure 1. The /(eus of Pheidias as reconstructed by Fr. Adler (1892).
peace to a troubled soul, while Pausanias himself wrote: "I know the
recorded measurements of the height and breadth of Zeus at Olympia, but I find myself unable to c o m m e n d the measures since the
measurements they give fall a long way short of the impression (doxa)
this statue has created in those who see it." 4
Dio Chrys. 12.50-52; Paus. 5.11.9.
Such were the feelings aroused by Pheidias' Zeus in ancient spectators. This is not to say, however, that the temple of Zeus with its
celebrated statue was also the place where the focus of the
Panhellenic cult of Olympian Zeus was to be found. T o prove this, it
is enough to turn to the description of the great altar outside the
temple:
The altar of Olympian Zeus is just about equidistant from the Pelopion
and the sanctuary of Hera, but it lies rather forward than either of
It is built from the ash of the thighs of victims sacrificed to Zeus
... in the altar at Olympia the first step, which is called the outer circle,
is a hundred and twenty-five feet round, and the circumference of the
next step above it is thirty-two feet: the entire height of the altar is as high
as twenty-two feet. The tradition is to sacrifice victims in the lower area,
the outer circle, then they take up the thighs to the topmost point of the
altar, and burn them. Flights of stone steps lead up to the outer circle
from both sides, and even virgin girls, and in the same way women, are
allowed up to the circle, at times when they are not excluded from Olympia: but only men may climb up from here to the top of the altar. There
are private sacrifices to Zeus and daily Elean sacrifices even outside the
time of the festival, and every year, observing the nineteenth day of the
month Elaphios, the prophets bring the ash from the council-house, puddie it with Alpheius water and plaster the altar with it. And the ash must
never be muddied with any other water, etc.י
This dissociation of the altar, where the religious action as such was
concentrated, from the temple with the statue of the god inside it was
not unique to the cult of Zeus at Olympia. In fact, this was the
standard Greek practice from the m o m e n t when the monumental
temple first came into existence in the early archaic period. As
J . N . Coldstream put it, "And then, suddenly, in the great dawn after
the Dark Age in the eighth century B.C., the free-standing temple
emerges as a new architectural form. But this does not mean that
religious worship then went indoors. O n the contrary, the open-air
altar in most places remained the focus of the cult." 6
What, then, was the function of the god's statue treasured within
the temple? ׳Note that, besides the great statue of Zeus inside the
Paus. 5.13.8-11.
ייColdstream, "Greek Temples," in Easterling and Muir, 68.
׳Cf. Robertson, "Greek Art and Religion," in: Easterling and Muir, 159-60:
"Certainly when monumental temple-architecture develops, the altar for sacrifice
and public ritual ... lies outside, in the temenos (enclosed sacred area), often opposite
the east end of the temple where the entrance normally was. The central feature of
the temple-interior is now a statue of the deity, and the building seems primarily
conceived as a more or less richly adorned casket to hold that treasure."
temple, Olympia abounded in statues of the god dedicated as public
or private offerings all over the sacred precinct. Thus, for example,
there was "a Zeus on a bronze base given by the people of Corinth,
the work of Mousus, whoever Mousus was... a statue of Zeus
crowned apparently with a wreath of flowers, with a thunderbolt in
his right hand by Ascarus of Thebes, who was taught by Canachus of
Sicyon," and so on. 8 W e can learn of the intended purpose of these
statues from the inscription on the statue of Zeus twelve feet high
which was erected by the Laconians on the right side of the great
temple: "Zeus Lord son of Cronus Olympian / accept this beautiful
statue: bless the Laconians'". 9 This compares well with the following:
... even the god himself bore witness to the art (techne) of Pheidias: when
the statue was completely finished, Pheidias prayed to the god to make a
sign if the work pleased him, and immediately a flash of lightning struck
the pavement at the place where the bronze urn was still standing in my
time. 10
Pheidias' Zeus was meant to please the god in exactiy the same way
as the more modest statue of Zeus dedicated by the Laconians. T h a t
is to say, the attitude expressed in the case of the great temple-statue
of Zeus does not differ in essence from that displayed towards the
other images of the god dedicated as offerings (anathemata) all over the
sacred precinct of Olympia. N o n e of them was regarded as the direct
object of religious worship, and the same holds tue of the images
offered to Greek gods in other sanctuaries, notably those of Apollo in
Delphi. 1 1
T h e fact that the statues of gods dedicated both inside and outside
the temple were regarded as offerings to the deity rather than as cult
statues in the strict sense of the word is often overlooked. Thus, in his
otherwise admirable survey of Greek religious art Martin Robertson,
although admitting that the representations of gods dedicated as offerings could not function as objects of cult proper, draws a sharp
distinction between these representations and those supplied by what
he calls "cult statues proper:" " . . . these representations of deities,
being bracketed with the other offered images, are thought of more as
simply images, objects of pleasure to the deity, 'works of art' even, less
Paus. 5.24.1.
Paus. 5.24.3. As Peter Levi notes in his commentary, this couplet was found by
the excavators of Olympia. It is inscribed on a round base of bluish grey
Peloponnesian marble and can be dated between 500 and 492 B.C. See Pausanias,
Guide to Greece, vol. 2, 270 n. 235.
O n Delphi see e.g. Paus. 10.9.1-2, 10.10.1-2, 10.13.6-7.
fully embodiments of the godhead than the cult-statues worshipped
within the temples."1· '־It is, however, highly questionable whether
such a distinction ever existed in the mind of the ancient spectator.
T h e following passage from Strabo's Geography (1st century A.D.),
again referring to Pheidias' Zeus at Olympia, is especially illuminâting in this connection:
The temple was adorned by its numerous offerings (anathemata), which
were dedicated there from all parts of Greece. Among these was Zeus of
beaten gold dedicated by Cypselus the tyrant of Corinth. But the greatest
of these was the statue of Zeus made by Pheidias of Athens, son of
Charmides; it was made of ivory, etc. 13
Although Pheidias' statue is indisputably the "greatest" a m o n g the
images of Zeus dedicated at Olympia, this does not alter the fact that
it was envisaged as only one a m o n g m a n y offerings (anathemata) to the
Now if a private offering, say the Zeus of gold dedicated by
Cypselus, was obviously meant to reflect not only the piety of the
dedicator but also his or her 1 1 prestige and wealth, it is evident that a
public offering, the category to which the great statues inside the
Greek temples invariably belonged, would reflect the piety, political
prestige and wealth of the body that dedicated it. As it happens, this
kind of dedication was the exclusive prerogative of the Greek citystate. This is why the people of Elis paid honours not only to Pheidias
himself, the creator of the Zeus at Olympia, but also to the Messenian
sculptor D a m o p h o n who repaired the statue in the 2nd century B . C . 1 ' ׳
Similarly, although it was to Pythaian Apollo at T h o r n a x that the
Lydian ruler Croesus sent his gold as a present, the people of Sparta
decided to use it for decorating the statue of Apollo at Amyclae,
because Amyclae rather than T h o r n a x was the centre of the Spartan
cult of Apollo."' But it is the case of the statue which stood within the
temple of Zeus in the city of Megara that is the most illuminating in
this connection. This is its story as told by Pausanias:
"Greek Art and Religion," 169. However, elsewhere Robertson finds it difficult
to draw a significant distinction between the colossal marble statue of Apollo dedicated by the people of Naxos in Delos, which stood outside the temple, and the "cultstatue" inside it. See ibid., 165-66.
Str. 8.3.30 p. 353. Tr. H. L.Jones, with slight changes.
The famous courtesan Phryne dedicated at Delphi the gilded image of herself
made by Praxiteles, who was one of her lovers, see Paus. 10.15.1, cf. 9.27.5.
Paus. 3.10.8; cf. Hdt. 1. 69.
The statue of Zeus was not finished when the Peloponnesian war broke
out, and in ravaging the country year by year from sea and land, making
havoc of private houses as well as public possessions, Athens reduced
Megara to the last degree of weakness. The statue of Zeus has a face of
ivory and gold, the rest is clay and plaster. They say it was made by
Theocosmus, a local workman, but that Pheidias worked with him. 17
T h e condition of the statue reflects the history of the state of Megara,
from its great ambition to rival Athens to the much more modest
proportions to which it was reduced in the course of the
Peloponnesian war. T h e great temple-statue dedicated by the Greek
city-state functioned as materialization of the state's self-image: this is
why the statues erected by Greek cities so often appear on their
coinage. Small wonder, then, that the cities of ancient Greece competed with one another to obtain the most prestigious masters and the
most costly materials for their communal dedications.
It seems, therefore, that the status of the great statue inside the
Greek temple cannot be taken separately from the status of the tempie itself, and not only because the origins of both should be traced to
the emergence of the Greek city-state in the early 8th century B . C . 1 8 It
was first and foremost the needs and the ambitions of the state rather
than the cult purposes as such that both the temple and its statue
were designed to serve. Both therefore were the vehicles of what was
aptly defined by Martin Nilsson as "civic religion." 19
This does not mean, however, that in ancient Greece there were no
images which acted as embodiments of the deity and accordingly as
the direct objects of the cult. C o m p a r e the following:
This is the reason why they [sc. the Spartans] bloody the altar with
human blood. They used to slaughter a human sacrifice chosen by drawing lots; Lycurgus substituted the whipping of fully grown boys, and the
altar still gets its fill of human blood. The priestess with the idol (xoanon)
stands beside them; the idol is small and light, except that if ever the
scourgers pull their strokes because of a boy's beauty or his rank, then the
O n the linkage between the Greek temple and the Greek city-state see de
Polignac, Culls, Territory, and the Origins of the Greek City-State.
See Nilsson, A History of Greek Religion, 224-62. Cf. also Robertson, "Greek Art
and Religion," 158: "Religion in Greece had of course other manifestations (personal, ecstatic, mysdc) ..., but it was in the service of religion in its public, civic
character that Greek artists were primarily employed."
woman finds the idol heavy and hard to carry; she blames the scourgers
and says they are hurting her: such a taste for human blood has survived
in that statue from the time of the Taurian sacrifices.20
This is the description of the cult of Artemis Orthia, one of the
central Spartan cults, the sacred image of which was claimed to be
the same as that stolen centuries ago by Artemis' priestess Iphigeneia
and her brother Orestes from remote T a u r i a (Crimea). Obviously,
this was not the kind of effect either Pheidias' Zeus or Polyclitus'
H e r a at the Argive Heraeon or, for that matter, the Amyclaean
Apollo around whom the Spartan cult of Apollo was concentrated
were meant or indeed were ever able to produce. 2 1 Yet, not conspicuous for beauty or workmanship or precious materials, the wooden
idol of Arthemis Orthia was obviously considered as both the focus
and the active participant of the cult.
T h a t the contrast between the two kinds of statues as outlined
above is not occasional can be seen by comparing the two statues of
Athene on the acropolis of Athens, Pheidias' Athene Parthenos in the
Parthenon on the one hand and the ancient wooden statue of Athene
Polias in the Erechtheion on the other.
The statue is made of ivory and gold. She has a sphinx on the middle of
her helmet, and griffins worked on either side of it... the statue of Athene
stands upright in an ankle-length tunic with the head of Medusa carved
in ivory on her breast. She has a Victory about eight feet high, and a
spear in her hand and a shield at her feet, and a snake beside the shield;
the snake might be Erichthonius. The plinth of the statue is carved with
the birth of Pandora.
But the holiest of all the images which was universally recognized for
many years before the Athenians came together out of their country
towns, is Athene's statue on what is now the acropolis, though then it was
the whole city. Rumour says it fell from heaven.... Callimachus made a
golden lamp for the goddess. They fill this lamp with oil, and then wait
for the same day in the following year, and all that time the oil is enough
to feed the lamp though it shines perpetually night and day.22
Paus. 3.16.10-11.
O n Hera see Paus. 2.17.4: "The statue of Hera is enthroned and very big, made
of gold and ivory by Polyclitus. She wears a diadem worked with Graces and Seasons; in one hand she holds a sceptre, in the other a pomegranate" etc. The
Amyclaean Apollo was an archaic bronze statue famous for the magnificent carvings
on its throne, the work of Bathycles of Magnesia in Asia Minor; for the description
see Paus. 3.18.9—19.5.
Paus. 1.24.5-7; 1.26.6-7.
T r u e , Athene Parthenos was celebrated all over the ancient world for
its beauty and fine workmanship 2 5 but, like Zeus at Olympia, this
masterpiece of the greatest Athenian sculptor was not endowed with
magic powers even remotely comparable to those emanating from its
more ancient counterpart. Pheidias' Athene was nothing more than a
magnificent offering of the city of Athens to its patron goddess: but it
was the other Athene, the one that was believed to have fallen from
heaven, that was universally recognized as "the holiest of all the images." It was this Athene who on a certain day every year was taken
to the nearest shore to be bathed in the sea; it is in her temple that the
sacred olive-tree, the symbol of the city of Athens, grew, and the
sacred snake of the goddess dwelt; and it was this Athene again whose
priestess presided over the mysterious Athenian festival of carrying
the holy objects. As Nilsson put it, "Pheidias' statue of Athena in the
Parthenon was a show-piece; the real tutelary goddess of Athens was
the old olive-wood image in the 'old temple' (the Erechtheion), which
was said to have fallen down from heaven." 2 4
"However much the picture of Greek religion," Walter Burkert
wrote, "was thereafter defined by the temple and the statue of the
god, for the living cult they were and remained more a side-show
than a centre." 2 ' In fact, there is ample evidence to the effect that, as
distinct from other ancient civilizations, the Greeks firmly distinguished between two different categories of religious images, of which
only one could be considered as embracing the cult images in the
proper sense of the word. Like the statues of Artemis Orthia and
Athene Polias, these were the ancient statues whose origins had often
been miraculous or exotic, and, again like these two, they were endowed with magic powers. Thus, the wooden idol in the temple of
Dionysus at the city of Argos and the statue of Dionysus at Patrae,
reportedly the work of the god Hephaestus, were believed to have
been brought from abroad by the Greeks coming home from Troy;
the statues of the Dioscuri at Amyclae were said to have been discovered after the mysterious disappearance of the virgin girl in whose
room the gods stayed for a night; and the wooden idols of Phallic
See the ancient sources adduced under pulchritude ("beauty") in Pollitt, The Ancient View of Greek Art, 187-88, esp. Pliny, NH 34.54: "[Pheidias made] an Athena of
such outstanding beauty that it got the cognomen 'the Fair O n e ' " (Pollitt's translation).
Nilsson, Greek Piety, 11. On a similar contrast between Polyclitus'
chryselephantine Hera at the Argive Heraeon (see above, n. 21) and the ancient
pear-wood image of the goddess see Paus. 2.17.4-5.
Burkert, Greek Religion, 91.
Dionysus worshipped at M e t h u m n a e on Lesbos and of Apollo worshipped at Epidelion in the southern Peloponnese were drawn from
the sea.21' O n e could well go m a d merely by looking at one of these
statues: this is what happened to the Spartans who first found the
statue of Artemis Orthia and to Eurypylus, the founder of the cult of
Dionysus at Patrae, when he first saw the statue of the god. 2 / These
statues could inflict punishment on those who displeased them: both
Mithridates' general Menophanes, whose soldiers threw the wooden
idol of Apollo into the sea when they were looting Delos, and
Mithridates himself, were punished by the god; the statue of Dionysus
inflicted disease and insanity on the inhabitants of Calydon; Black
Demeter of Phigalia, whose statue was that of a w o m a n with a horse's
head, punished the people for not giving her a new statue instead of
the ancient one that was burnt; Gaius and Nero were punished for
taking the ancient statue of Eros to R o m e from Thespiae, and so
on. 2 8 But these statues could also endow a person with supernatural
abilities: " T h e Magnesians on the river Lethaios have a place called
the Tunnels, where Apollo has a grotto ... the statue of Apollo is
extremely ancient and gives you physical powers of every kind; men
consecrated to it leap from precipitous cliffs and high rocks, they pull
up giant trees by the roots, and travel with loads on the narrowest
footpaths." 2 9 T h e olive-wood idols of the goddesses D a m i a and
Auxesia, worshipped in Epidaurus, Aegina, and Troezen, were believed to bring fertility to the land, and so on. 3 0
It was the statues of this kind that were looked after as if they were
living beings and, like Artemis Orthia and Athene Polias, these were
the statues that stood in the focus of the cult. Quite often, they played
the central part in the re-enactment of sacred stories, an inseparable
part of many Greek cults. This, according to Herodotus, is how the
Aeginetans behaved after carrying off from Epidaurus the holy
wooden images of D a m i a and Auxesia: "This done, they fixed a
worship for the images, which consisted in part of sacrifices, in part of
female satiric choruses; while at the same time they appointed certain
men to furnish the choruses, ten for each goddess
Holy rites of a
similar kind were in use also a m o n g the Epidaurians, and likewise
another sort of holy rites, whereof it is not lawful to speak." And
Paus. 2.23.1; 7.19.7; 3.16.3; 10.19.3; 3.23.2-4.
Paus. 3.16.9; 7.19.7.
Paus. 3.23.2-5; 7.21.1-2; 8.42.5-7; 9.27.1-4.
Paus. 10.32.6.
Hdt. 5.82-83; Paus. 2.30.4.
Pausanias added seven hundred years later: "I have seen these statues
and sacrificed to them with the same rites as are used for sacrifices at
Eleusis." 31 T h e statues of the gods Apollo and Artemis participated in
the re-e
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Home / Lifestyle / Make the best of what you have
Make the best of what you have - by Barbados Today July 30, 2013
The Caribbean is “in the midst of plenty”, yet “surrounded by scarcity”.
Minister of Education Ronald Jones, told this to young farmers at the start of a Web 2.0 Training and Exchange workshop, designed by the Technical Centre for Agricultural and Rural Cooperation and the Caribbean Farmers Network. It is being held here until tomorrow at the University of the West Indies, Cave Hill Campus.
Stating that it would take a “revolution of the mind” to change that position, Jones told local and regional participants that all researchers, scientists and agronomists needed to come forward and enthuse young people about the “bounty which exist in our midst that we need to plant, harvest and make valuable use of”.
The minister had earlier outlined to delegates that a number of fruit and vegetables existed within their countries and carried both medicinal and monetary potential, but were underutilised, or left to spoil.
Jones said the negative perception of agriculture and its workers as well as bureaucrats and politicians not understanding agriculture, had resulted in the crippling of some persons’ minds and their actions, and had contributed to the region not seeing “that groundswell of production”.
He further decried the need to import meat, like chicken, from anywhere in the world, and said to international franchise business holders here:
“There is nothing wrong in working, as an extension of your business, with our producers of good chicken and pork, to ensure you are able to use it in your final product that you are selling to the public.”
Referring to the training in Web 2.0, the minister, who also has responsibility for science, technology and innovation, said once farmers were online they could use the tools effectively to showcase their work, production and talents to the world. He noted that social media, through the use of Facebook and instagram, could allow them to promote produce, although there were inherent dangers of praedial larceny, where others “without conscience or soul” could take their labour and add value and dispose of them.
Jones urged the young farmers not to let this deter them from reaching beyond their own country, especially with primary production.
“You have to now merge your understanding of agriculture, the science of planting, and technology with the new knowledge, the new systems, new human endeavours and behaviours… With the other part of your life so that they conjoin,” he said.
The minister lamented that statistics were not always recorded on crop production, and farmers didn’t always “keep books”, although there was now the availability of simple spread sheets.
“You are a critical cog in the new way forward [that requires] an understanding of how to bend technology to more effective use… Use the technology to share what you are doing, to make your work more effective and efficient,” stressed Jones, adding that there were so many tools out there for farmers to build a simple website.
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Home / Local News / Time for DLP to own up to creating economic problems
Time for DLP to own up to creating economic problems - by Barbados Today August 21, 2013
It is long past time for Government to own up to the role it has played in Barbados’ current economic problems.
Barbados Labour Party lead spokesman in the Upper House, Senator Dr. Jerome Walcott said the current administration continued to recite a long list of excuses, but needed to admit it had played a role in creating the challenges.
He was speaking on a resolution which the Senate later approved to give government permission to borrow up to US$500 on the international capital market, a measure he said his party would not oppose.
The former Minister of Health said, however, that it government was not innocent of helping to make the island’s problems worse.
Noting that the international borrowing would be used for budgetary support to finance fiscal operations, to build foreign reserves and improve and extend government’s external debt maturity profile, he said lead government spokesman on the matter, Minister of Foreign Affairs and Foreign Trade Senator Maxine McClean’s overall reasoning was inadequate.
“The only thing that has been missing,… is that of taking responsibility. It is human to err, it is human to make mistakes, but whenever we have a matter to discuss in this Honorable House related to the state of economic affairs in this country we hear about external factors, we hear about a world global economic recession, we hear about the mismanagement of the Opposition from the last 14 years,” he said.
“We are yet to hear a single member of the other side stand up and say ‘well we tried this, we made a mistake, we were wrong, we need to do this’.
“That is the only thing that was missing in terms of the discussion, in terms of the explanation from the honorable member and I know that she will agree with me,” he added.
Referring to the resolution itself, Walcott said government needed to clarify aspects of its provisions, including the interest rate.
“In terms of the interest rate we are told here that the indicative coupon is between 7.875 and 8.375. I would like the minister to clarify for us in terms of the going rates at this point in time. Is this not a bit high than what is going out there and does it have anything to do obviously in terms of our junk bond status, where in terms of external markets we are at an all time low,” he said.
“Of course there was a Budget last week and there is a lot of talk about fiscal deficit. In terms of the interest payments on this loan these would certainly have some impact on fiscal deficit… especially when we speak about the servicing of the debt.
“The interest on these debts have moved from 14.8 per cent of government revenue to over 30 per cent of government revenue this year.” He also wondered how the servicing of the new loan “would impact on an already terrible situation as it regards the government’s finances”. (SC)
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Bob Feller Stats
Bob Feller was born on Sunday, November 3, 1918, in Van Meter, Iowa. Feller was 17 years old when he broke into the big leagues on July 19, 1936, with the Cleveland Indians. His biographical data, year-by-year hitting stats, fielding stats, pitching stats (where applicable), career totals, uniform numbers, salary data and miscellaneous items-of-interest are presented by Baseball Almanac on this comprehensive Bob Feller baseball stats page.
"I don't think anyone is ever going to throw a ball faster than he does," Joe DiMaggio was quoted as saying during his epic 1941 season, when he hit in a record 56 consecutive games. "And his curveball isn't human." - Sportswriter Richard Goldstein in the New York Times (12/15/2010, 'Bob Feller, Whose Fastball Dazzled, Dies at 92', Source ) [ Bob Feller Quotes ]
Bob "Rapid Robert" Feller Autograph on a 1993 Topps Archive (#54)
Robert William Andrew Feller
Bob or Rapid Robert
11-03-1918 (Scorpio)
Van Meter, Iowa
12-15-2010 ( 500 Oldest Living )
Van Meter High School (Van Meter, IA)
None Attended
Not Applicable / Signing Bonus = $1 & Signed Indians Baseball
Bob Feller Pitching Stats
1936 18 Indians 14 8 5 5 3 .625 3.34 5 0 1 62.0 279 52 23 29 1 47 0 76 8 4 3 -
1937 19 Indians 26 19 4 9 7 .563 3.39 9 0 1 148.2 651 116 56 68 4 106 1 150 5 2 2 -
1938 20 Indians 39 36 3 17 11 .607 4.08 20 2 1 277.2 1,248 225 126 136 13 208 2 240 5 7 1 -
1939 21 Indians 39 35 3 24 9 .727 2.85 24 4 1 296.2 1,243 227 94 105 13 142 3 246 14 3 1 -
1940 22 Indians 43 37 5 27 11 .711 2.61 31 4 4 320.1 1,304 245 93 102 13 118 9 261 8 5 0 -
1941 23 Indians 44 40 4 25 13 .658 3.15 28 6 2 343.0 1,466 284 120 129 15 194 19 260 6 5 0 -
1945 27 Indians 9 9 0 5 3 .625 2.50 7 1 0 72.0 300 50 20 21 1 35 0 59 1 2 0 -
1946 28 Indians 48 42 5 26 15 .634 2.18 36 10 4 371.1 1,512 277 90 101 11 153 2 348 3 3 0 -
1947 29 Indians 42 37 4 20 11 .645 2.68 20 5 3 299.0 1,218 230 89 97 17 127 7 196 7 4 2 -
1949 31 Indians 36 28 6 15 14 .517 3.75 15 0 0 211.0 894 198 88 104 18 84 9 108 9 1 1 -
1951 33 Indians 33 32 1 22 8 .733 3.50 16 4 0 249.2 1,061 239 97 105 22 95 3 111 2 7 0 -
1952 34 Indians 30 30 0 9 13 .409 4.74 11 0 0 191.2 869 219 101 124 13 83 8 81 1 3 1 -
1953 35 Indians 25 25 0 10 7 .588 3.59 10 1 0 175.2 721 163 70 78 16 60 1 60 1 3 1 -
1954 36 Indians 19 19 0 13 3 .813 3.09 9 1 0 140.0 580 127 48 53 13 39 1 59 0 3 0 -
1955 37 Indians 25 11 4 4 4 .500 3.47 2 1 0 83.0 340 71 32 43 7 31 2 25 0 1 0 -
18 Years 570 484 52 266 162 .621 3.25 279 44 21 3,827.0 16,180 3,271 1,384 1,557 224 1,764 82 2,581 75 60 13 -
Bob Feller Hitting Stats
1936 18 Indians 14 22 2 3 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 10 1 - 0 0 .136 .136 .136
1938 20 Indians 39 94 6 17 3 1 0 0 13 11 0 32 9 - 0 0 .181 .267 .234
1939 21 Indians 39 99 14 21 5 1 0 0 7 14 0 35 6 - 1 3 .212 .316 .283
1940 22 Indians 43 115 7 18 5 1 2 0 12 8 0 45 6 - 0 1 .157 .211 .270
1941 23 Indians 44 120 11 18 1 4 1 0 12 8 0 44 10 - 1 1 .150 .209 .250
1945 27 Indians 9 25 2 4 0 0 0 0 1 3 0 12 1 - 0 0 .160 .250 .160
1946 28 Indians 48 124 9 16 1 1 0 0 7 9 0 49 8 - 0 4 .129 .188 .153
1947 29 Indians 42 98 8 18 3 2 0 0 7 8 0 38 8 - 0 3 .184 .245 .255
1949 31 Indians 36 72 7 17 2 1 2 0 10 2 0 23 7 - 0 0 .236 .257 .375
1951 33 Indians 33 81 10 10 1 0 0 0 3 8 0 36 10 - 0 1 .123 .202 .136
1954 36 Indians 19 48 6 9 1 0 0 0 1 4 0 17 3 0 0 1 .188 .250 .208
1956 38 Indians 19 16 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 0 9 0 0 0 0 .000 .059 .000
18 Years 570 1,282 99 193 28 13 8 0 99 100 0 505 100 0 3 16 .151 .214 .211
Bob Feller Fielding Stats
1936 Indians P 14 8 186 5 0.4 5 0 5 0 0 n/a n/a n/a 1.000 0.73
1937 Indians P 26 19 446 29 1.1 27 0 27 2 1 n/a n/a n/a .931 1.63
1941 Indians P 44 40 1,029 63 1.4 62 12 50 1 1 n/a n/a n/a .984 1.63
1945 Indians P 9 9 216 11 1.2 11 7 4 0 0 n/a n/a n/a 1.000 1.38
1947 Indians P 42 37 897 68 1.6 67 17 50 1 2 n/a n/a n/a .985 2.02
1950 Indians P 35 34 741 31 0.9 31 8 23 0 2 n/a n/a n/a 1.000 1.13
1953 Indians P 25 25 527 41 1.6 41 10 31 0 5 n/a n/a n/a 1.000 2.10
1956 Indians P 19 4 174 11 0.6 10 2 8 1 0 n/a n/a n/a .909 1.55
P Totals 570 484 11,481 681 1.2 656 146 510 25 28 n/a n/a n/a .963 1.54
18 Years 570 484 11,481 681 1.2 656 146 510 25 28 n/a n/a n/a .963 1.54
Bob Feller Miscellaneous Stats
1936 Indians 0 0 .000 0 0 n/a 0.0 2.2 0.0 1.62 11.03 6.82
1937 Indians 0 0 .000 0 0 n/a 0.0 3.1 5.9 1.42 9.08 6.42
1939 Indians 0 0 .000 0 0 n/a 0.0 2.8 14.1 1.73 7.46 4.31
1940 Indians 0 0 .000 0 0 n/a 57.5 2.6 9.6 2.21 7.33 3.32
1941 Indians 0 0 .000 0 0 n/a 120.0 2.7 10.0 1.34 6.82 5.09
1950 Indians 1 0 1.000 0 0 n/a 41.5 2.5 16.6 1.16 4.34 3.75
18 Years 1 2 .333 0 0 n/a 160.3 2.5 12.9 1.46 6.07 4.15
Bob Feller Miscellaneous Items of Interest
1936 Cleveland Indians 9 $675.00 - -
1937 Cleveland Indians 14 $14,000.00 - -
1938 Cleveland Indians 14 $22,500.00 Stats -
1945 Cleveland Indians 19 $10,000.00 n/a -
1948 Cleveland Indians 19 $82,500.00 Stats Stats
Bob Feller Stats by Baseball Almanac
Bob Feller Sports Memorabilia on eBay
Did you know that Bob Feller was named one of the 100 Greatest Cleveland Indians Players ever? As part of the club’s 100th Anniversary Celebration in 2001, a panel of veteran baseball writers, historians and executives selected a roster of the Top 100 Greatest Indians and Feller was named one of the thirty-six pitchers.
Bob Feller pitched 12 one-hit games, pitched the first no-hitter on Opening Day (Comiskey Park against the Chicago White Sox, April 16, 1940 ), pitched the second no-hitter ever against the New York Yankees ( April 30, 1946 ) and pitched the third no-hitter against the Detroit Tigers ( July 1, 1951 ):
Bob Feller Biography
In the mid-thirties Bob Feller burst on the seen like a comet striking out major league hitters at an alarming rate while still in high school. He went on to set the standard for future power pitchers amassing single game and season whiff marks, while tossing a then record number of no hitters and one hitters.
The Indians signed Feller before the start of the 1936 season and "Rapid Robert" made his debut that year at 17 years of age. Although he won just five games Feller gave a hint of what was to come as he struck out 15 in his first pro start and in a later game tied Dizzy Dean's Major League one game high of 17 k's. Two years later Feller set a new record with 18, topped the American League in strikeouts for the first time with 240 and won 17 games. The drawback in his pitching was his wildness as he walked 204 but his control improved as his career moved along.
Feller then strung together three straight 20 win seasons beginning in 1939, attaining a career high of 27 victories in 1940 that included his first no hitter, and to this day baseball's lone Opening Day hitless pitching performance. He led the junior circuit in strikeouts all three years as well. Not only did Feller blow hitters away with a blazing fastball, his sharp breaking curve was considered untouchable when he had his control. Feller then joined the Navy which cost him just about four years of his career, but he served honorably earning numerous decorations.
In 1945 Feller returned to the Indians at the end of the season, and in 1946 he recaptured his place as one of the game’s greats by notching 26 wins and fanning what was then thought to be a record 348 batters (it was later determined that Rube Waddell had struck out 349 in 1904). He won 20 the following season then totaled 19 in 1948 as Cleveland won their first pennant since 1920. Feller lost a heart breaking 1-0 decision in the World Series Opener against the Braves and was shelled by Boston in Game Six. But the Indians won a decisive seventh game to claim the World's Championship.
Feller had one final big season winning a league high of 22 games in 1951. He ended his career in 1956 with 266 victories and 2581 lifetime strikeouts. Feller threw three no hitters, 12 one hitters and won 20 games six times. He led the American League in victories six seasons and finished first in strikeouts from 1937-41 and 1946-48. Feller was elected to the Hall of Fame in his first year of eligibility, the first pitcher to do so since Walter Johnson .
Bob Feller No Hitter #1 (Box Score: April 16, 1940 )
Bob Feller had become the ace of the Cleveland staff in 1939 and thus was chosen to pitch the opening game for the Indians in 1940, facing the Chicago White Sox and lefthander Edgar Smith on a cold Tuesday, April 16 , before 14,000 fans at Comiskey Park.
In the last of the first inning, Feller retired Bob Kennedy on a fly to right and Joe Kuhel on a called third strike. He walked Mike Kreevich but fanned Julius Solters to end the inning.
After Luke Appling took a third strike in the second, Taft Wright sent a short fly to center. Roy Weatherly misjudged it, then ran in, got both hands on the ball chest high but dropped it for an obvious error. Eric McNair fanned but Feller walked both Mike Tresh and Smith to load the bases.
Feller's wildness stemmed from the fact that he couldn't control his curve. From now on he used only his blazing fast ball, ending the inning by fanning Kennedy for his fifth strikeout.
Kuhel walked at the start of the third and stole second after Kreevich flied to right and Solters fouled to first. Appling hit one of the three hard hit balls by the Sox, a low liner straight to right fielder Ben Chapman. Wright began the fourth with another liner to right, but the White Sox did not hit another ball well until the ninth.
Feller fanned Smith at the start of the fifth and Solters with one out in the sixth on called third strikes. Larry Rosenthal, batting for Smith, led off the eighth with a slow bouncer that made second baseman Ray Mack hustle to throw him out. Kennedy flied to right and Kuhel became Feller's eighth and final strikeout victim.
In the ninth, Kreevich popped a 2-2 pitch to second and Solters hit an easy bouncer to short on the third pitch. With the fans rooting for Feller to complete his no-hitter, Appling came up. Luke, a real expert at fouling off pitches, had two strikes on him when he fouled off four pitches, several of them well-hit balls to right. On his 10th pitch to him, Feller finally issued his fifth walk.
Wright, who had been something of a nemesis to Feller thus far in his career, took the first pitch for a ball. On the next he swung hard and smashed a grounder to left of second baseman Mack. Ray knocked the ball down, pursued it back on the grass, recovered it and fired it to first in time for the out, ending the first opening day no-hitter in modern baseball.
The Indians scored the game's only run in the fourth against Smith when Jeff Heath grounded a single to left with one out and Rollie Hemsley tripled over Wright's head in right with two gone.
Feller finished the season with a 27-11 record.
Bob Feller, who had returned from service late the previous August, began the 1946 season with a three-hit, 1-0 victory, but lost his next two starts for Cleveland and some experts, particularly in New York, wrote that Bob was through as a top-flight pitcher.
This made Feller grimly determined when he took the mound against the New York Yankees before 37,144 fans at Yankee Stadium on Tuesday, April 30 . His rival was Floyd (Bill) Bevens, who came within one out of a World Series no-hitter the following season.
Feller was not impressive in the first inning. Phil Rizzuto led off with a sharp bounder to third. George Stirnweiss, the 1945 batting champion, bounced one through the box that appeared headed for center field, but shortstop Lou Boudreau came flashing across in front of the bag, scooped up the ball and fired to first as he fell headlong to the ground, just nipping the speedy Stirnweiss on a great play.
Tommy Henrich walked but Joe DiMaggio ended the inning with an easy bouncer to the mound.
Charlie Keller drew a walk at the start of the second but was nailed trying to steal second, and Nick Etten and Joe Gordon fanned. In the third, Bill Dickey led off with a walk. Bevens was a strikeout victim when he bunted foul on a third strike, and Rizzuto and Stirnweiss fanned.
For the third straight inning, Feller walked the leadoff man in the fourth. Henrich drew the pass and stole second, but DiMaggio popped to second, and Keller and Etten fanned. Gordon started the fifth with an easy fly to left, the first of two balls hit to the outfield by the Yanks. Dickey and Bevens struck out. Rizzuto drew Feller's fifth and final bases on balls to open the sixth and was sacrificed to second by Stirnweiss. Henrich fouled to catcher Frankie Hayes and DiMaggio sent an easy fly to center fielder Bob Lemon, who later that year became a pitcher and hurled a no-hitter himself in 1948.
In the seventh, Keller lifted a high pop which first baseman Les Flemming lost in the sun, then grabbed at the last second. Etten fanned and Gordon grounded to third. Boudreau threw out Dickey at the start of the eighth. Bevens fanned for Feller's 11th and final strikeout. Rizzuto popped a foul to third which Keltner dropped for an error, then grounded one to the third baseman's left. Keltner could not reach it but Boudreau raced to his right, fielded the ball and threw to first to nip Rizzuto by half a step for the second fine fielding play of the game, both by Manager Boudreau.
Bevens had blanked the Indians on five singles for eight innings. In the ninth, after Boudreau fouled out, Hayes sent a long drive into the left field stands for a homer and the run that Feller needed.
The crowd was rooting for Feller when the last of the ninth began. Stirnweiss led off and bunted on straight to Fleming, but the first baseman fumbled it for an error. Henrich sacrificed Stirnweiss to second with a bunt to third, and Feller was in a spot. He had to face the Yanks' best, DiMaggio and Keller. A hit would not only spoil his no-hitter but also tie or possibly win the game.
Feller worked the count to 3-2 on DiMaggio, the got him to ground slowly to short for an easy out. But the tying run was now on third. The park was a madhouse as the righthander blazed two fast balls past Keller for called strikes. The next pitch was a high fast ball. Then, Feller threw his slider. Keller swung and grounded to second. Ray Mack came in for the ball but, in his anxiety, slipped and fell to his hands and knees. He got up and threw Keller out easily to end the game.
Feller, who set a record this season with 348 strikeouts, finished with a 26-15 mark, including his second no-hitter of his career.
Bob Feller No Hitter #3 (Box Score: July 1, 1951
Bob Feller, who had not won 20 games in a season since 1947, had taken 10 of his first 12 decisions in 1951 when he took the mound for a fourth-place Cleveland Indians in the first game of a doubleheader against the fifth-place Detroit Tigers and Bob Cain on Sunday, July 1 , before 42,891 fans in Cleveland's Municipal Stadium.
In the first inning, Johnny Lipon grounded to third, Gerry Priddy to second and George Kell to shortstop, as Feller made just six pitches. Vic Wertz fanned, Hoot Evers hit a hard grounder to shortstop and Dick Kryhoski bounced an easy one to short in the second.
The Tigers were retired in order in the third also, Joe Ginsberg popping to short, Johnny Groth taking a called third strike and Cain lifting an easy fly to left. But Lipon led off the fourth with a slow bounder to short. Ray Boone came in, fielded the ball and threw wide to first for an error. Priddy fanned on a 3-2 pitch with Lipon stealing second on the called third strike.
Feller threw two balls to Kell, then tried to pick Lipon off second, but his throw skidded into center field and Lipon raced to third. He scored after Kell flied to left on the next pitch. Wertz followed with a walk, but Evers flied to right to end the inning.
With two out in the fifth, Groth walked. Cain hit a grounder over second on which Bob Avila made a fine backhanded stop, and his throw to first retired the pitcher.
Lipon opened the sixth with a slow roller to short that Boone grabbed wish his bare hand and threw to first on a nifty play. Priddy hit a hard drive to third, and Al Rosen knocked the ball down behind the bag. He recovered and his throw nipped the batter by a step.
From then until the eighth the Tigers were retired on routine plays. Ginsberg started the eighth with a bunt toward third. Rosen pounced on it and fired to first, just beating the runner on a very close play. Groth lined to first baseman Luke Easter for the second out, but Cain drew Feller's third and final pass on four pitches.
Fred Hutchinson then batted for Lipon and Feller quickly got two strikes on him. Hutch lifted an easy fly to right on the next pitch.
The ninth was tension-filled as Feller strove to become the second pitcher in modern baseball to pitch three no-hitters. Charlie Keller batted for Priddy as the inning started. He worked the count to 1-1, then flied to right. Kell lifted a 2-2 pitch to left where Dale Mitchell easily made the catch.
The dangerous Wertz was next. Feller threw him a slider and Vic lined it to the right, just foul. He swung and missed a high fastball for strike two. Trying to tempt him with a bad pitch, Feller threw a ball outside, another high, and a third inside to run the count to 3-2. Wertz swung on the next pitch and hit it into the right field stands foul. Feller's next offering was a high slider that caught the outside corner. Wertz let it go by. Plate umpire Charlie Berry hesitated a moment, then called strike three. Wertz started to protest but turned away as the Indians rushed to congratulate the happy Feller.
The Indians tallied once in the first inning when Mitchell and Avila started with singles and the former scored with one out as Easter grounded to short. The winning run, breaking a 1-1 tie, came in the eighth. Sam Chapman sliced a triple to right with one out. Milt Nielsen ran for him and scored when Easter followed with a single off first baseman Kryhoski's glove.
Feller finished the season with a 22-8 record, tops in the league.
Bob Feller | National Baseball Hall of Fame Plaque | Class of 1962 ( HOF )
Bob Feller ( 1938 All-Star Game ), Dwight Gooden ( 1984 All-Star Game ) and Bryce Harper ( 2012 All-Star Game ) are the only teenaged Major League players in history to be named to a Midsummer Classic .
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Bay Nature magazine ◦ April-June 2004
Jim Morris manages his cattle to help restore native perennial grasses like the creeping wild rye shown here.
Photo by Kent Reeves.
Farming and Ranching
Grazing for Change
by Cindy Spring
When two hikers complained to state park rangers recently about an area severely trampled by grazing cows, they drew on a strong current of suspicion that many people feel toward ranchers. And why not? Past ranching and range-management practices, even if undertaken with the latest research and the best intentions, have sometimes done significant damage across the American West, destroying stream banks and driving out native plants. But the hikers had it wrong this time. Meet Joe Morris, the owner of those cattle and others that roam on 7,500 acres that encompass two state parks and four ranches near San Juan Bautista. This fifth-generation rancher has the health of the land very much in mind.
JM: I wish I could have talked with those hikers and told them how much I love this land and how cows can work to make a healthier landscape. The land they were passing has medusa-head, an annual grass that’s a noxious weed in anybody’s book. It’s very unpalatable to most critters; you really sacrifice your animals’ health if you try to graze it. As an alternative, we can use animal impact—all the rest of what the cow does: trampling, dung, urination, etc.—to keep that grass in check.
We ask ourselves: how are we creating a space for the medusa, and what can we do so that this plant doesn’t want to be here? The medusa-head is susceptible to animal impact as a seedling, so the herd’s impact will damage it at its weakest stage in life, while creating a habitat for plants we want to replace it with. There’s almost no animal impact with just a few animals. A big herd has tremendous energy, and that energy can be put onto the soil by grouping the animals, milling them around, leaving them in a relatively tight group. Our animals work for us to produce the landscape that we desire. It’s composed mainly of the native perennial grasses in our grassland savannas, and a variety of other meadow plants, shrubs, and oaks and plant populations that include young, middle-aged, old, and dying individuals.
So when the hikers in horror said, “Look at the overgrazing,” what they saw was animal impact, not overgrazing. The animals had been there for only 18 hours. Over time, we can create a space for the perennial grasses without using massive amounts of dollars. In fact, we can use the sun’s energy to power this whole project.
Q: What other tools do you use to manage the land?
JM: There are six main tools: grazing, resting the land, living organisms (for example, in biologically integrated farming systems), fire, technology, and animal impact, which is poorly understood and mostly not used. My decision on which tool to use has to be ecologically and economically sound, as well as socially just. So I ask myself several questions: How does it move the landscape toward my goal? Is it economically sound? If we are not profitable, we’re not sustainable. It also has to fit my view of social justice and satisfy me personally; that is, how can I feel good about using this tool so my neighbors don’t object and, in fact, so they feel good about the results?
We spend time with the animals and plants to observe how things are working. What are the plants telling us? We make daily observations, take pictures, and monitor growth rates, always asking, are we moving the animals too fast, too slowly? Is the water clear coming past our ranch or is it dirty? And why? That continual process is what informs future decision-making.
Q: What influenced you to try this nontraditional approach to cattle ranching?
JM: At one point in my life after college, I was teaching a course in a Washington, D.C., high school on social justice and I ran across the work of [rural philosopher] Wendell Berry. He helped me understand connections between agriculture and culture—the common good, and how ranching, done in a particular way, could contribute to that.
Then I found the work of Allan Savory about tools and information that had been missing in our attempts to manage rangelands, tools that relate to sustainable civilizations. So that knitted together all my desires—ecological, economic, and social justice—and gave me a framework in which I could go back to my family’s tradition of ranching, which I did in 1991.
Q: We’re supposed to be talking about cattle ranching, and we haven’t talked about cows at all. It sounds like the cows will take care of themselves if you take care of the land well.
JM: That’s it in a nutshell. If you have healthy land, you’re going to have healthy animals. If done properly, grazing is not stressful for them. It’s what they do. They eat; they trample things; they’re gregarious; they like being together. It is about the land. Agriculture is about producing food and fiber using solar energy and ecological processes – the water cycle and the mineral cycle and understanding community dynamics. Rain falls on our rangelands and they in turn provide a protective place to store water, and the best place for that storage is in the organic matter of the soil deposited there by fibrous-rooted perennial plants and grasses.
Q: How exactly can grazing favor perennial grasses?
JM: Perennial plants in arid environments need disturbance to remain healthy. Grazing and animal impact remove the thatch of the previous year’s growth. Properly timed, grazing removes leaves from the growing plant, and the plants’ roots then die back, adding to the store of organic matter in the soil, and feeding the animal responsible for the health of the plant. “Overgrazing” is a second bite taken from a plant before it has the opportunity to build up roots and leaves after the first bite. This is a management problem, not an inherent dissonance between plants and animals.
Q: People skeptical about grazing’s benefits might not agree with the notion that it can actually increase the diversity of plants in an area. How does that work?
JM: Holistically planned grazing varies the intensity, duration, and frequency of grazing to create a mosaic of plants and habitats on the range. Native grasses respond to grazing in a variety of ways, but research done in the 1930s showed that, in annual grasslands, perennial grasses propagated best from seed if the annual plants [were grazed] low until about March or April or when the moisture in the soil started to wane. When that happened, the annual grasses no longer could use much moisture, so they grew up, produced a seed, and then maintained a fairly low profile. The perennial grasses by that time had put down roots that continued to draw moisture, when the annual plants could not. So the perennials did well.
Q: Has your holistic system translated into a successful business?
JM: T.O. Cattle Company is about two things: One is land management, the other is our grass-fed beef. In the last few years there’s been an astounding amount of research that’s shown how animals raised on and fed only grass have a different nutritional profile in their beef than animals fed grain. To complement that, you have healthy animals working to create wonderful landscapes. We have none of the ecological problems that are unavoidable in the feedlot system.
Q: What’s the market for grass-fed beef?
JM: It’s a growing niche market. We offer our beef directly to families. That relationship is of fundamental importance – economically as well as socially and ecologically sound. We’re trying to connect people with our product as well as with the soils, the sun, and the plants that produce what, transformed, becomes them. That’s what we’re about.
For more information on T.O. Cattle Company and how to order their products, see www.morrisgrassfed.com.
Cindy Spring
This interview was conducted in May 2007 by Cindy Spring, who directs Close to Home: Living with Wildlife in the East Bay, a series of lectures and excursions designed to connect participants with the local environment.
More Goats, Less Fire?
Point Reyes Elk Test Positive for Disease
Pro-Grazing Pieces Don’t Do a Full Accounting of Livestock Costs
Pro: Public Lands Need Cattle to Meet Conservation Goals
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The Corridors
Inner Ring | Suburbs
Triboro | City
Bight | Coast
Coastal Urbanism
The Bight is the notch in the region’s coast where ocean currents conspire to pile sand, forever redrawing the shore. “The Bight” is also an invention — a hard coastline extensively built during the 20th century, now stiff with aging settlements determined (but ill-suited) to stand their ground against storms and sea level rise. These opposing forces, where the immovable city meets an unstoppable nature, define its uncertain future. It’s time to blur the line.
Rafi Segal A+U + DLAND Studio
Rafi Segal
Susannah Drake
Greg Lindsay
Brent Ryan
Benjamin Albrecht
Mary Lynch-Lloyd
Chaewon Ahn
Jan Casimir
Mary Hohlt
Erin Wythoff
Charles Huang
Dennis Harvey
Zach Postone
Ellen Shakespear
Xinhui Li
Elevation Based Zoning
To relieve this tension, which threatens hundreds of miles of coast, hundreds of thousands of residents, and hundreds of billions of dollars in property losses, we propose replacing the hardened edge separating the city and nature with a new “landscape economic zone” — a buffer in which land and water commingle, creating new spaces for habitation, conservation, work and play.
From Line to Zone
Rather than futilely trying to hold the line, the zone’s mantra is “receive, protect, adapt.” Strengthen urban spines and nodes on higher ground to receive new residents at higher densities. Protect low-lying areas using the absorptive capacity of the buffer, and adapt to a more amphibious lifestyle in the zone — transforming the coastline into the new urban frontier.
The result is a less sprawling and more productive coast, made all the more resilient by tailoring homes, neighborhoods, and cities to this new reality. To test our hypothesis, we chose three sites representing three urban scales of the Bight in three snapshots from the future:
Sea Bright, New Jersey (2030)
A vanishing barrier island refuses the inevitable and becomes a test bed for “the flood life.”
Sea Bright Axonometric
Sea Bright Section
Mastic Beach, New York (2050)
Well-managed retreat produces one of Long Island’s most desirable retirement communities nestled inland from a coastal “energy farm.
Video conversation with new mastic resident, 2047 Long Island
Jamaica Bay, New York (2067)
A half-submerged Jamaica Bay protects its edges while doubling as New York City’s new sunken central park.
Jamaica Bay 2067 (aerial view): Densified urban development on higher ground creates a vibrant new city organized around the open space of Jamaica Bay.
Interview with Bight city resident. 2067, Jamaica Bay
Gateway Station: a series of plazas, beaches, and public programs form an intermodal station and recreational center built along the existing elevated rail of the Rockaways, Jamaica Bay 2050
Gateway Station
Each scenario poses an opportunity to raise questions around the futures of energy, community, finance, and work in the region. Ranging from the rapid transition toward renewable energy to the redefinition of leisure in an era of intense automation, these seismic shifts go hand-in-hand with reimagining the Bight as a new open space for America’s most populous region, rather than an increasingly untenable line in the sand.
Explore the other corridors
PORT + Range
WORKac
Only If + One Architecture
The 4C Project is the result of a partnership between Regional Plan Association, The Princeton University School of Architecture and The City College of New York. It is made possible with generous support from The Rockefeller Foundation and additional funding from Siemens.
© 2017 Regional Plan Association
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Toeru takes a test so she can enter the same high school as Run, the girl she likes. She passes, but when she goes to tell Run, she finds her hugging a girl she’s never seen before.
A Channel Ova
A Channel Special
A Letter to Momo (Dub)
Momo is a young girl who grew up in a big city. However, following the premature loss of her father, she has to move with her mother to the old family house on a remote island. Here, time seems to have stopped: old wooden buildings, holy shrines surrounded by trees, fields painstakingly carved out from steep hills... and no shopping mall. Needless to say, Momo is not too overenthusiastic about this new environment. Most of all, her heart is still feeling uneasy about an unfinished letter left by her father. A letter that contained only two words: "Dear Momo..." What was dad going to say? One day, exploring the attic of her new big house, Momo finds a dusty and worn out book. And from that moment, something really unexpected starts happening around her...
A Little Snow Fairy Sugar
Sugar, an apprentice Snow Fairy and her friend Salt and Pepper want to become official Season Fairies who have ability to make wind blow, snow fall, sun shine and something related with weather, they use their special instruments to create and control weather....
Sugar, an apprentice Snow Fairy and her friend Salt and Pepper want to become official Season Fairies who have ability to make wind blow, snow fall, sun shine and something related with weather, they use their special instruments to create and control weather. And just have only one way to become Season Fairies this is to find out the “Twinkles” which will make the magical flowers bloom. But none of them don’t know what a Twinkles is. Having a human girl name is Saga who can see Season Fairy. Saga help Sugar and her friend search for mysterious Twinkles and while trying to perfect their magic.
A Little Snow Fairy Sugar (Dub)
Season Fairies create and control the weather using special musical instruments. They make the wind blow, the snow fall, the sun shine; if it's something weather related, they are the ones who make it happen. Sugar, an apprentice Snow Fairy, and her friends Salt and Pepper, all want to become full-fledged Season Fairies, and the only way to achieve this is to search for and find the "Twinkles" that will make their magical flowers bloom. The only problem is that none of them have any idea what a Twinkle is. They enlist the somewhat unwilling help of Saga, a human girl who can see Season Fairies. Much to her annoyance, Saga's perfectly planned and ordered life has just become a little too lively for her taste. Together, they search for the mysterious Twinkles while trying to perfect their magic.
A Starry Tale (Dub)
Constellations were created thousands years ago and they have been handed down generation after generation up to now. This show focuses on this great fact. In the show, you will see instruction on constellations and movement of the sun, moon and planets against constellations. An associated story from Greek myths is provided with beautiful CG including the tale of Astraea, the goddess of justice, who is closely related to the constellation Libra.
A Town Where You Live about three young people name Eba Yuzuki, Kirishima Haruto and Kanzaki Nanami.Eba Yuzuki, a girl from Tokyo moves to countryside to attend high school....
A Town Where You Live about three young people name Eba Yuzuki, Kirishima Haruto and Kanzaki Nanami.Eba Yuzuki, a girl from Tokyo moves to countryside to attend high school.Kirishima Haruto whose father is an apprentice of Eba’s father.Kanzaki Nanami comes whom Haruto might be in love with.When Eba move countryside, she stays in Haruto’ house but he never agree about this. What will happen between them?
A Tree of Palme (Dub)
Palme is a puppet created by a man to care for his sickly wife. After her death Palme becomes paralyzed with sorrow, that is, until a woman being pursed happens to cross paths with Palme and his creator and ask them to deliver something precious to a sacred place called Tama. Palme, mistaking her for his masters late wife, accepts the request. This becomes his first step to becoming more human in order to understand his own feelings.
A Wind Named Amnesia
The Apocalypse didn't come with a BANG. Silently, the amnesia wind swept away all of mankind's knowledge. Thousands of years of human civilization vanished overnight as people forgot how to use the tools of modern civilization - who they were - how to speak - everything.
Technology decayed as mankind was instantly reduced to level of cavemen.
Now, two years later, a young man explores a nation reduced to barbarism - America. Miraculously re-educated after the cataclysm, he is accompanied by a young woman- somehow spared the obliterating effects of the amnesia wind. Pursued by a relentless killing machine, they search for those responsible for stealing their memories.
A Wind Named Amnesia (Dub)
It happened quite suddenly, with no warning - all the memories of all the people on Earth, swept away as if by a sudden wind. In a post-catastrophic Earth populated mostly by savages without memories of their past civilisation, one man travels on a journey of enlightenment and hope, across a devastated America.
A-Channel: Nabe wo Tabeyou
A new episode included with the complete Blu-ray box collection of A-Channel.
A.D. Police (Dub)
Set a few years before Bubblegum Crisis Tokyo 2040, A.D. Police chronicles the tales of Mega-Tokyo's special police division designed to control rogue Boomers in the city. A.D. Police Officer Kenji Sasaki faces a major dilemna: he loses another partner to a rabid boomer. A day after he's sent off-duty, he receives a new partner in the form of German cop Hans Kleif. Funny thing is that Kenji sucker-punched Hans at a bar the night before. Not only does Kenji face the everyday task of controlling Boomers, he has to learn to adjust with his new partner.
Set in the near future in Japan, year 2035. A major incident was known as "Burst" which was caused by researching artificial life. A certain AI called "Matter" has eroded the Kurobe Gorge. Entering the research city, which has been called as humanity's last hope, has been prohibited by the government. Two years later, Aiko Tachibana, a 15-year-old girl who lost her family from the incident, was told by a transfer student named Yuuya Kanzaki the truth that Aiko didn't know regarding a secret hidden within her body. The key to solve the mystery is said to be in the Primary Point, the center of Burst. When a boy and a girl, who bears the future of humanity, meet, what will be the new truth?
A.I.C.O.: Incarnation (Dub)
"Director! Please help us bloom!" In Tokyo, there is a place called Velude Way. It is a district notorious for its performers and theatrical groups. Izumi Tachibana, who was previously a stage actress, arrives with a letter that reads, "Full of debt! Zero customers! Only one actor!" It describes the current state of the once-popular theater group Mankai Company. Her task is to rebuild the company to its former glory as the new owner and chief director.
Aa Harimanada
When Harimanada makes his grand entrance into the world of Sumo, he causes complete uproar throughout the entire arena. The novelty headmask is clearly not a good idea but not content with just ruffling the feathers of all the spectators, he sends the the entire Sumo Association into a frenzy when he arrogantly declares that he will surpass the legendary Futabayama's consecutive run of 69 victories. Should he fail to achieve such a feat, he will immediately retire all together. Harimanada's impudent remarks cause a huge backlash as every high-ranking Yokuzuna wants the chance to knock him down and humiliate him for showing such arrogance. Thus begins Harimanada's journey to the top as he battles to topple the entire Sumo hierarchy!
Aachi and Ssipak
In the future, all energy sources are depleted, except human excrements. To reward production, people receive addictive, Popsicle-like Juicybars. Aachi and Ssipak are street hoodlums who struggle to survive by trading black market Juicybars. Through a chain of events involving their porn-director acquaintance Jimmy the Freak, they meet wannabe-actress Beautiful, whose defecations are rewarded by exceptional quantities of Juicybars. For that reason, Beautiful is also wanted by the violent blue mutants known as the Diaper Gang (led by the Diaper King), the police (most notably the cyborg police officer Geko), and others.
Aachi wa Ssipak (Dub)
Aachi and Ssipak are two likable street hoodlums who scrape by stealing and selling "Juicybars," highly addictive blue popsicles distributed by the government in exchange for human excrement, the only usable fuel in Shibal, a dystopian, futuristic, post-apocalyptic city. Aachi and Ssipak hook up with "Beautiful," a blue-haired, wannabe-actress with a lucrative knack for making the Juicybars pile up. Aachi, the entrepreneur, exploits her special talent and Ssipak, the romantic, falls in love with her. Rich in Juicybars, the threesome go on a rock star tear-up that makes them a target. They are pursued relentlessly by both the Diaper Gang, an army of violent blue mutants led by the Diaper King, and the police. AACHI AND SSIPAK is a crazy, high-octane story driven by a contemporary dubstep soundtrack by Mad Decent with some of the most mind-blowing action scenes ever to be animated.
Abarenbou Rikishi!! Matsutarou
Based on the sports manga series written and illustrated by Chiba Tetsuya about sumo wrestling.
The story follows Sakaguchi Matsutarou, a giant roughneck man with strength far beyond ordinary people. He never uttered words like work hard, strive, and dream like the typical shounen manga protagonist. However, he is stronger than anyone and peerless in sumo wrestling. His greatest weakness is his own carefree personality. He grows into a full-fledged sumo wrestler.
Abenobashi
Imamiya Satoshi, “Sasshi” to his friends, has grown up in the Abenobashi Shopping Arcade in Osaka, along with his childhood friend, Asahina Arumi. Now, all that was stable in his life is in ruins. His family’s bath house has closed and been torn down, and Arumi’s family is moving to Hokkaido – and taking her with them.
In the midst of all this, something happens to the framework of reality, and Sasshi and Arumi slip into a weird parallel world. It’s still Abenobashi, but not their Abenobashi. Strange things are afoot, and Sasshi must find out their meaning, in order to reach a goal that he barely understands.
Abenobashi Mahou Shoutengai (Dub)
Childhood friends Arumi and Sasshi are residents of the Abenobashi commercial district in Abeno-ku, Osaka. After an accident, they find themselves transported to an alternate sword and sorcery world. Their attempt to get back to reality finds them traversing a series of nonsensical worlds built on science fiction, war, fantasy, dating sim games and American movies. Each alternate Abenobashi is a surreal manifestation of Sasshi's otaku interests, populated by analogs of the protagonist's relatives and acquaintances and a blue-haired stranger known as Eutus.
After losing a loved one, Tooru Kokonoe enrolls at Kouryou Academy so as to gain a "Blaze," a weapon that is his soul manifestation, for the sake of revenge. He was expecting a weapon... What he got was a shield... How is he to seek revenge with something that isn't even a weapon?!
Absolute Duo (Dub)
The story begins with Blaze—a weapon that is the manifestation of a human's soul. Tooru Kokonoe happens to be qualified for this, but for some reason his Blaze is not a weapon, but a shield. Moreover, he enrolled in a school that teaches combat skills, and thanks to the school's Duo partner system, he ends up living with a beautiful silver-haired girl.
ACCA: 13-ku Kansatsu-ka
The kingdom of Dowa, which is subdivided into 13 states, is celebrating its monarch's 99th birthday. These 13 states have many agencies that are controlled by the giant organization known as ACCA. Within ACCA, Jean Otis is the second-in-command of the inspection agency. His agency has ten people placed in each of the 13 states, with a central office in the capital city. They keep track of all the activities of ACCA across the kingdom, and keep data on each state's ACCA office flowing toward the central office. Jean also often has business trips from the capital to the other districts to check on the situation and personnel there.
ACCA: 13-ku Kansatsu-ka (Dub)
The kingdom of Dowa, which is subdivided into 13 states, is celebrating its monarch's 99th birthday. These 13 states have many agencies that are controlled by the giant organization known as ACCA. Within ACCA, Jean Otus is the second-in-command of the inspection agency. His agency has ten people placed in each of the 13 states, with a central office in the capital city. They keep track of all the activities of ACCA across the kingdom, and keep data on each state's ACCA office flowing toward the central office. Jean also often has business trips from the capital to the other districts to check on the situation and personnel there. (Source: MangaHelpers, edited)
One autumn day in 2046, Haruyuki has an encounter with Kuroyukihime, the prettiest girl in his school. For the middle school boy who is often bullied, the meeting changes his life. Through a mysterious piece of software from her, Haruyuki learns of the existence of the virtual Accel World. In that moment, the lowest of the “school caste” becomes “Burst Linker”, a knight defending a princess.
Accel World (Dub)
The year is 2046. Haruyuki Arita is a young boy who finds himself on the lowest social rungs of his school. Ashamed of his miserable life, Haruyuki can only cope by indulging in virtual games. But that all changes when Kuroyukihime, the most popular girl in school, introduces him to a mysterious program called Brain Burst and a virtual reality called the Accel World.
Accel World Ova
Accel World Specials
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Defining the decade: ten years of Apple on one page
Benjamin Mayo
@bzamayo
Apple entered the 2010s just as the iPhone began to explode in popularity. The iPhone became the most successful consumer product, ever. Sales surged for another five years and still make up a majority of Apple’s revenues. However, we exit the decade with the iPhone making up a smaller portion of Apple’s business than ever before, as the company diversifies into strong lineups of wearables, tablets and services offerings.
But nothing is a simple straight line. Apple had to graduate through the passing of its founder, juggle relationships with an ever-expanding list of consumer and professional market segments, and adapt to the public attention and scrunity that only comes along as a consequence of being the biggest company in the world. This is a decade in Apple, on one page.
It’s been a wild ten years. The decade is also personally relevant to me as it lines up with my blossoming interest in the company and my entrance into the Apple community. I bought my first Apple product, a base model iMac, in late 2010. This article is not a comprehensive, exhaustive, rundown of every single new Apple product, event, and scandal.
The best way to describe this post is that it is the the decade as I remember it. I intentionally ignored some things that I deemed as inconsequential. I have tried to cover everything that I think had a direct relevance on the course of the company, at least from my perspective. If this post leaves you wanting more, listen to me and Zac explore this even further on the New Years episode of the Happy Hour podcast.
Apple kicked off 2010 with the unveiling of its next big thing, the iPad. On 27th January, Steve Jobs took to the stage to unveil the long-rumored Apple tablet.
In the 2006-2009 timeframe, the PC industry was trying to make ‘netbooks’ a thing; computers that were cheap and cheerful to get basic web browsing and email done. Jobs began the iPad presentation by asking the question as to whether a third category of device can exist, a product that would fit between a smartphone and a laptop. Jobs said this product category would have to be better at key tasks like web browsing, enjoying media and more, better than both the laptop and the phone for it to have a reason to exist. Naturally, he decried the category of netbooks as ‘not being better than anything’.
The iPad was Apple’s answer. Apple redesigned every app it shipped on the iPhone for the bigger 9.7-inch canvas, which included new UI inventions like the popover controls, a clever combination of Mac menus and inspector windows. The iPad stripped away PC conventions because it ran the same operating system as the iPhone, which made the iPad accessible and incredibly easy to pick up and use. Safari, Mail, Photos, and Calendar for iPad struck a careful balance of capability and simplicity. The keynote also implied ambitions for the iPad as more than just a third category; Apple demoed apps like the touch-optimized iWork suite to show that one day, the iPad would take over from the role of laptops too.
For the iWork apps, there was of course no traditional PC file system. Instead, documents would live inside the apps in a gallery view. Apple didn’t want the iPad to have the complexity of the Finder or Windows Explorer. It was an aspirational idea, to make the app manage its files and its files only, but it was something that never really stuck. As of iOS 9, iOS included a centralized view of documents and files through the iCloud Drive application. This would become even more prominent as the Files app in iOS 11.
One of the other new apps introduced that day was iBooks, Apple’s entrance into the ebook market. 2010 was the height of the Kindle’s popularity, and Jobs even directly addressed the Kindle in the iPad presentation saying Apple wanted to stand on its shoulders with iBooks and the iBookstore. What Apple didn’t foresee was the legal trouble that would come out of it all. The contractual arrangement Apple agreed with publishers was very similar to the 70/30 split for the App Store; publishers set the price, Apple took commission. The agency model was seen by regulators as anticompetitive, and Apple settled a supreme court class-action case in 2014 for hundreds of millions of dollars. Apple’s activity in ebooks was also put under scrutiny by a court-appointed monitor. Years on, Apple executives blamed these measures as the reason why it never got a stronghold in the ebooks market.
In an on-stage interview a couple months after the iPad was released, Jobs told Walt Mossberg and Kara Swisher his vision of the future of the computer industry, comparing PCs to ‘specialist’ trucks and iPads to mainstream cars.
The iPad was instantly divisive with many passing it off as ‘just a big iPod touch’, but it wouldn’t take long for the iPad to define the modern tablet era. Using a touch-first operating system (then called iPhone OS) was the right call. Apple doubled down on the iPhone likeness in marketing by highlighting its familiarity to the world, ads said ‘you already know how to use it’. The iPad may not have taken over all of computing in the manner that some envisaged, but it has unquestionably made a long-standing mark in the sand. Even in 2019, though, laptops aren’t that irrelevant to be relegated to the role of trucks though. If anything, the phone has cannibalized mainstream computing more than tablets.
The iPad was the product that really enthralled myself into the Apple world; I can remember researching Apple slate rumors in the run-up to the January 27th keynote. I could see the potential … and frankly I just thought it was cool.
What’s kind of remarkable is that ten years on, Apple still sells iPads that look very similar to that first-generation incarnation. The latest models of $329 iPad and $499 iPad Air may be thinner, and many magnitudes more powerful, but the essence of the 2010 iPad is eminently visible. The super-slim-bezel gesture-based iPad Pros are more of what you would naturally expect from a decade of technological evolution, but that design is currently reserved for the pricey-high end models only.
The Adobe Flash fight
One of the controversies surrounding the iPad was Apple’s choice not to support Adobe Flash in the web browser. Apple recommended that website makers adopt the HTML5 technology stack instead, but it was still early days for rich open web standards.
In 2010, almost all video content on the web was exposed through embedded Flash players and a sizable chunk of entire websites were written in Flash, and therefore did not work on the iPad at all.
Adobe and Apple got into pretty heated arguments about the relevance of Flash for the future of the web, and Adobe also campaigned to make Apple open up the App Store to Flash-based applications as well. The debate got enough public attention that Jobs was compelled to write an open letter, which is still available to read on Apple’s website, detailing Apple’s reasons for not supporting Flash.
Jobs and Apple said that Flash would hurt battery life and performance, and that existing Flash websites weren’t built for touch so they wouldn’t work well even if they could be loaded on the iPad. In retort, Adobe promoted the benefits of ‘open’ Android and said it would ship a Flash plugin for Android web browser to show customers that Apple was only concerned about its own interests (Adobe’s argument was that Apple denied Flash so that users would have to buy software through the App Store instead).
Flash did come out on Android phones later in 2010. However, much of Jobs arguments were ultimately proven right. Web Flash content ran poorly on mobile devices. By the time that an Android device could run Flash well, HTML5 had taken an irreversible foothold.
Websites replaced Flash video with HTML5 players rather quickly in the wake of the iPad (and iPhone) popularity. It took longer for interactive Flash-based websites like games or restaurant menus to transition, but the richness of the App Store ecosystem helped to paper over those deficiencies.
Mobile Flash never really caught on. In 2017, Adobe announced that it will end-of-life Flash for desktop at the end of 2020.
iPhone 4 and Antennagate
2010 also saw Apple release its biggest update to the iPhone to date, with the ‘all-new’ iPhone 4. Ten years on, the iPhone 4 continues to be viewed by a lot of people as the best iPhone Apple ever made. (It was also infamously leaked by Gizmodo, after a prototype was found in a bar and sold on.)
The iPhone 4 featured a precise stainless steel and glass exterior, a dramatic departure from the plasticky iPhone 3GS. It also introduced major new product features like the first-ever Retina display, FaceTime video calling, and was the first iPhone to start paying real attention to the camera quality: the iPhone 4 featured a 5-megapixel sensor, added an LED flash, and could record HD 720P video. With iOS 4.1 in September, the iPhone 4 even got rudimentary HDR photo taking capabilities — a computational photography technique that remains relevant to this day.
It was a fantastic, timeless, phone. The iPhone 4 also brought with it the biggest PR fiasco Apple has ever had to face. Despite the company growing many times over in size, I still think Antennagate was Apple’s biggest ever public relations disaster to date. Antennagate was truly national news.
Jobs cancelled a vacation to hold an emergency press conference in the middle of July. The innovative antenna design Jobs had explained a month prior in the WWDC keynote had become a laughing stock, with the notches in the case serving as a very viral ‘X marks the spot’ demo of the iPhone losing all cellular signal.
At the end of the 30-minute Antennagate press conference, in which Apple explained that ‘all phones had weak spots’, the company started up a free case program (as plastic protective cases would mean users could grip their phones without causing interference). It didn’t have enough of its own brand Bumper cases, so it also partnered with third party case makers like Belkin and Griffin for the giveaway. iPhone 4 owners had to download the ‘iPhone 4 Case Program’ app to order their complimentary case.
Apple’s response largely succeeded at silencing the critics and Apple sold the iPhone 4 for 18 months without changes to the antenna or hardware of any kind. That being said, the iPhone 4S featured a tweaked antenna design that was not susceptible to the same ‘death grip’, by adding a second notch on the bottom left of the phone. (This design first debuted in the CDMA-only Verizon iPhone 4 in January 2011).
An amusing sideshow of the iPhone 4 is the saga of the white model. Apple first promised that the white iPhone would ship alongside the black model on the iPhone 4’s release day. Apple released a statement the day before launch that the white models were proving harder to manufacture than expected and delayed the white model release date to mid July. July came and went, and Apple said the color variant would be available before the end of the year. Then, it was delayed again. The white iPhone 4 was finally released on April 28, 2011.
The iconic 2010 MacBook Air
Holding similar esteem to the iPhone 4, Apple also released the second-generation MacBook Air at a special October media event. (By the way, Apple announced the first versions of AirPlay and AirPrint at this very same event, technologies that remain heavily used to this day.)
The first-generation MacBook Air was sleek but slow and expensive. Apple’s second stab at the ultrabook was a huge success. Eschewing physical hard drives, the MacBook Air’s iconic taper design was achieved by going all in on solid state storage. The SSDs were soldered directly onto the logic board, which was bad for repairability but good for miniaturization. In the following years, all of Apple’s laptops adopted the soldered SSD approach.
Apple also began to bring over iOS concepts to the Mac, like the ability for the laptop to wake ‘instantly’ from sleep when the lid was opened. The 2010 MacBook Air was offered in 11-inch and 13-inch screen sizes.
Apple iterated on the laptop several times across the decade but has retained the overall tapered aesthetic because the machine has been so well received historically. The 13-inch version was significantly more popular though, and Apple stopped selling the 11-inch Air in 2016.
Much of the fanfare around the Retina MacBook Air in 2018 originated from the fact it had kept so many elements from the 2010 iteration.
Apple sues Samsung
The height of the ‘patent wars’, a period of time where Apple and other mobile phone makers filed lawsuits against each other to the point of ad nauseam, happened in 2011 when Apple formally sued Samsung in April. Apple accused Samsung of stealing the iPhone’s unique design and innovations, producing copycat Samsung Galaxy handsets.
Apple wanted a sales injunction on Samsung phones, to force Samsung to pay a license fee for every phone sold, and compensation for phones sold up to that point. Both sides countersued each other into oblivion but incredibly the case went to trial in 2012.
The discovery process revealed some incredible secrets from the Apple archives, including many zany prototypes of the original iPhone hardware. The public also got a rare opportunity to read private Apple internal communications, like this outline of Apple’s Top 100 meeting, which includes juicy morsels of things-that-never-happened like a ‘magic wand’ for Apple TV. Other findings included a presentation that read ‘Consumers want what we don’t have’, referring to Apple’s lack of competitiveness in the smartphone market.
Just like how all big legal cases take forever to be resolved, Apple vs Samsung was no exception. The case was finally put to bed in 2018. Apple ‘won’ in the fact that the court ruled Samsung had to pay about $600 million for infringing a few of Apple’s patents, when all was said and done. Apple had to accept a lot of aggravation to get that outcome, though, including losing several key employees who left the company because they were fed up with being called back to court on a regular basis. For its part, Samsung has diversified its products away from being mere Apple copycats. Whereas a line of similarity could be very easily drawn to the 2011-era TouchWiz operating system and Apple’s iOS interface, the same can not be said now. Samsung’s phones simply do not look like iPhone rip-offs anymore and — in many ways — found success by doubling down on their differentiation.
iCloud, iMessage and PC-free
iCloud is now a foundational feature across all of Apple’s platforms but it didn’t start to become a thing until 2011 with iOS 5. Apple’s previous attempt at cloud services was the meagre MobileMe suite, which cost $99 a year for email, contacts and calendar hosting.
The context here is important. One of the black marks against the iPhone at the time was that the Android operating system was truly standalone, whereas iOS was still tied to the iPod model of syncing with a computer through iTunes. You couldn’t activate an iOS device without first connecting it to a PC.
Android also offered free push email and contact sync through Google’s various web apps like Gmail, and you could backup to their servers directly from your device. Meanwhile, Apple only offered the MobileMe suite of cloud email, contacts and calendars — which was a paid service and cost $99 per year.
Apple tackled the criticism with iOS 5, rolling out new ‘PC-free’ features to iOS and, at the same time, reworking MobileMe under the new name: iCloud. For every version up to then, updating an iOS device meant plugging in the Dock Connector and syncing with a PC.
From iOS 5.1 onwards, users could set up and update their devices independently, over-the-air. iOS 5 included other key features that previously required owners to go back to their PC, like the ability to add/delete calendars and mailboxes, on-device photo editing, and more. Checking off these boxes were important steps for the ‘future of computing’ iPad to be taken seriously, and helped Apple compete with Android in the phone space.
iCloud meant every Apple user could save their contacts and calendars in the cloud, and have changes push automatically to all of their devices. iCloud also included other things like cloud device backup, iWork document storage, Photo Stream (the predecessor to iCloud Photo Library), and iTunes in the Cloud.
Each iCloud account came with 5 GB free storage, and you could pay $100/year to get an extra 50 GB. Fast forward to present today and you can get 50 GB iCloud storage for $0.99 per month, or $12 a year. You can now max out at 2 TB iCloud for roughly the same price as the 50 GB plan in 2011. However, much to the chagrin of everyone in the world, the free tier remains at that same 5 GB level.
iOS 5 also introduced iMessage, bringing rich encrypted messaging to the core of the operating system with read receipts, multimedia, typing indicators and more. iMessage launched only on iOS; iPhone, iPad and iPod touch. It came to the Mac a year later with OS X Mountain Lion. iMessage grew into a platform of its own in the years since, and ‘blue bubble’ messaging has imbued itself into human culture, especially in the United States.
Steve Jobs dies
Amidst ongoing rumors about his health, Jobs resigned from the CEO position in August of 2011 with a perfectly written open letter:
I have always said if there ever came a day when I could no longer meet my duties and expectations as Apple’s CEO, I would be the first to let you know. Unfortunately, that day has come.
He became chairman of the board, but sadly passed away only couple a months later on October 5th, only hours after Apple announced the iPhone 4S. Much has been written about passing of Jobs, and this is not the place to reiterate all of history.
However, his death clearly marks a juncture in the history of the company and that happens to be within the decade. It’s impossible to know how Apple may have acted if he had stayed alive, but his impact and his influence cannot be overstated. The most obvious repercussions of his passing flare up about a year later, which will discuss further down the page.
The first innings of Siri
The iPhone 4S heralded Apple’s first stab at Siri, the voice assistant that was (literally) ahead of its time.
Apple acquired Siri in 2010 and spent the next year turning the ‘smoke and mirrors demo’ into a furnished product as the hero feature of the iPhone 4S. Google had rolled out voice actions and dictation on the Android platform, but Siri promised a more humane conversational interaction with the phone.
Even more acutely than its current reputation, Siri’s launch was plagued with issues of unresponsiveness and crashing servers. Apple iterated on the Siri service to address the primary issues over the following months.
Since then, Siri has become an integral part of all Apple hardware even if the AI itself hasn’t moved on much since the initial 2011 incarnation. Siri has been getting better, gradually, although we are still waiting for the big leap that will make voice input as important as the keyboard and mouse. The things that Apple promoted in Siri’s launch marketing — checking the weather, setting timers and alarms — remain the most common usages of Siri in 2019.
The surprise Mountain Lion
Apple switched up the new iPhone calendar from summer to fall with the iPhone 4, and it would change up its cycle of Mac software a few months after.
On February 16, Apple announced the next version of OS X: Mountain Lion. The reveal was a surprise to everyone on the outside; rather than hold a press conference, Apple held private briefings with news publications.
Mountain Lion was important to Apple’s history not for any particular feature, but because it was the release that pulled back the ceremony of Apple’s desktop operating system, and it was fashioned to be more inline with the iOS release pattern. Apple committed to releasing OS X versions on a yearly basis from then on.
Before Mountain Lion, flagship OS X releases came out roughly every two-three years and each update was a per-machine paid upgrade. Mountain Lion was released exclusively through the Mac App Store, and cost $19.99 for unlimited installs on the same Apple ID. Mac operating system upgrades releases became free starting with OS X Mavericks in 2013.
Apple brought Retina to the iPhone in 2010 but it took another two years for the high-density screens to make their way to the iPad and the Mac. The 2012 MacBook Pro holds a special place in my heart, as it was the first ever MacBook I owned.
It also set the course for every future pro notebook Apple shipped. Crossing the Retina threshold for the display was achieved by upping the screen’s native resolution to 2880×1800, or 1400×900 with logical pixel doubling.
The prior-generation of MacBook Pros could be configured build-to-order with a 1680×1050 display, so this was technically a regression in available screen real estate. Apple shipped display scaling modes in OS X to try to simulate the ‘lost’ resolution for customers that demanded it.
Like the Air a couple years prior, Apple removed the optical drive to cut down on thickness and weight. Apple also removed the Ethernet port, requiring people who wanted to get online with a wire to buy a $30 Thunderbolt dongle.
The laptop power connects featured a second-generation MagSafe connector, which meant existing Mac power adapters also would not work without a dongle. MagSafe 2 was thinner than its predecessor but some questioned the need for it given the 2010 MacBook Air could achieve its sleekness despite featuring first-gen MagSafe.
When the Retina 15-inch was introduced, Apple discontinued the 17-inch MacBook Pro citing lack of demand. We’ve only just seen Apple start to edge back towards that size this year with the 16-inch MacBook Pro. The 13-inch MacBook Pro would go Retina a year later.
Apple Maps blunders
If Antennagate was Apple’s biggest crisis, Apple Maps is a close second — and definitely the company’s biggest software blunder of the decade.
iPhone OS 1.0 through iOS 4 used a Maps app that relied on Google Maps data. Jobs praised its collaborations with Google in the early years of the iPhone but as Google entered the phone space with Android, the relationship soured. As early as 2009, Jobs ordered internal Apple teams to figure out a plan to get rid of Google Maps on the phone. Apple Maps was finally ‘ready’ to ship in 2012 with iOS 6.
Shipping Apple Maps was a huge technical win for Apple. The iPhone Maps app had been trailing behind Android, the latter of which was already offering turn-by-turn directions and vector-based infinitely-scalable maps. The Maps app was basic in comparison, relying on downloading bitmap image tiles at every zoom level and simply not offering TomTom-esque direction features.
It has been reported that Google would only give Apple access to these capabilities if it signed a new contract which would see Apple give over sensitive customer data to Google. Clearly Apple refused, either because of the onerous terms or because it was already working on the in-house maps project.
Apple Maps enabled the iPhone to catch up on these features and also added some entirely new views like Flyover — allowing customers to zoom through rich 3D models of cities.
However, the launch of Apple Maps was not met with glee. Customers instantly saw gaping weaknesses in the map data, particularly in more rural areas of the world. Apple Maps quickly gained a reputation for being unreliable, with poor navigation and a very sparse point-of-interest database.
Just a week after iOS 6 shipped to the public, the backlash was so fierce that Apple put out a public statement apologizing for the state of the application. Apple posted the letter on its website, signed by CEO Tim Cook.
Cook promised that Apple ‘doing everything we can to make Maps better’ and pointed frustrated customers to the App Store, promoting rival apps like MapQuest and Waze, or even adding the maps.google.com web-app to the iPhone home screen. A native Google Maps app did not hit the App Store until two months after iOS 6 shipped.
Waze now celebrates September 28 annually as ‘Tim Cook day’, claiming that Cook’s endorsement of Waze was a catalyst for the app’s growth in the US market. For Apple’s part, the company slowly rolled out improvements to the Maps app, addressing obvious issues like drooping buildings in Flyover with software updates. It also added more content partners to flesh out the underlying map data. Fast forward to 2019 and now the entirety of the US in Apple Maps is covered by new map data that is wholly collected and maintained by Apple — no outside partners. Apple plans to roll out the ‘new map’ to more countries across 2020.
Apple fires Scott Forstall
As I alluded to earlier, the most obvious juncture in the Jobs/Cook transition was the firing of Forstall in late October 2012. Forstall was Jobs’ close friend, working with Jobs on software as much as Jobs worked with Ive on hardware. After Jobs’ death, rumors started swirling that Forstall’s confrontational approach was angering other executives. The Apple Maps debacle was the last straw.
It is reported that Forstall refused to sign the apology letter, as he did not believe Apple needed to officially apologize for the Maps mess. Cook signed the letter himself, and would fire Forstall almost exactly a month later.
Apple announced the shakeup in a press release that described ‘changes to increase collaboration across hardware, software and services’.
Forstall’s departure saw the rise of Craig Federighi to the top job as head of iOS and OS X, and placed Jony Ive as leader of the Human Interface group, promoted from just head of Industrial Design, giving him purview over Apple’s software design direction for the first time.
In the same announcement, Apple’s head of retail John Browett was also fired. He still holds the record of the shortest term as an Apple executive. Browett took over from Ron Johnson in February 2012, which meant he lasted just eight months in the role. Browett was hated by Apple retail store employees for his aggressive cost-cutting policies that reduced hiring and staff hours.
Apple’s next retail SVP, Angela Ahrendts, would not be announced until October 2013.
The radical redesign of iOS 7
The iPhone UI had always relied on rich textures and life-like representations of materials and objects, but the trend of skeuomorphism had really been accelerated by the iPad era where developers were actively encouraged to exploit the full-screen one-app-at-a-time iOS multitasking model to transform the iPad’s large screen for each task. To make the device feel familiar, textured visual decoration was also encouraged to further extend the interaction metaphors. For example, the iPad Calendar app looked like a leather-bound desk calendar, complete with leather stitching and torn-off paper adornments.
These ideas gradually spiralled out of control. Whilst many components of the era are sorely missed today — like consistent and recognizable button shapes — it had been taken too far. Every new iOS app was competing in a fashion contest. It wouldn’t take long before the entire identities of applications were tied to the textures that they used. By 2013, the fad was wearing off. Game Center became a laughing stock for its green felt backgrounds and about four different system apps featured various styles of Corinthian leather (a Steve Jobs’ favorite) and gray linen.
The culmination of Jobs’ death, Forstall’s ousting and Ive’s new-found mandate over all of Apple human interface resulted in iOS 7. Apple redesigned the entire aesthetic of its mobile operating system in about eight months. iOS 7 wasn’t just a transition from skeuomorphic tendencies, it was a downright rejection.
If iOS 6 had tread too far towards realism, we reflect on iOS 7 as being too far in the opposite direction. It was extreme sanitisation of Apple’s software UIs. App interfaces were reduced to simple white chrome with minor splashes of color to suggest interactivity. Icons in toolbars became clinically angular 1px stroked glyphs, and the home screen app icons were reduced to simple geometric shapes and background gradients. Buttons no longer looked like buttons, they looked like webpage links. You had to be Sherlock Holmes to find a drop shadow anywhere in the system, a dramatic departure from the previous versions where nearly every UI element had some combination of shadow, gloss, or emboss effect applied to them.
Apple’s rush to distance themselves from the past showed in the end product. iOS 7 was buggy and ill-considered. In the years since, we have seen Apple reverse course on many of the extremes. It was necessary to break away from the skeuo-era, but they clearly overshot the mark in their initial attempts. What has been surprising is how slowly Apple has addressed the issues and rough edges. Buttons that look like buttons started being introduced as early as iOS 8, but it took several releases for them to truly become staples of the platform again. Friendly, humane, icon glyphs only returned this year in iOS 13 with SF Symbols. More than five years on, I am still left wanting more from the way iPhone and iPad software looks and behaves.
iPhone 5s and iPhone 5c
In the fall of 2013, Apple released the iPhone 5s and the iPhone 5c. In previous years, the new iPhone lineup was always composed of a new high-end phone, as well as the predecessor model at a lower price. 2013 was the first time they released two new iPhones simultaneously, with the iPhone 5c as the cheaper model. The 5c was initially sold for the subsidized price of $99 on a two-year contract, compared to the usual-flagship $199 price for the 5s.
The 5c’s plastic body and older internal components meant that it was largely overshadowed by the (literal and figurative) new shiny iPhone 5s, at least in public perception. The iPhone 5s introduced the space gray and gold color finishes, as well as the Touch ID fingerprint home button.
At the time, fingerprint sensors had a mediocre reputation for being slow and unreliable, and were typically only found in enterprise laptops as a security feature. Touch ID flipped the world on its head, proved the naysayers wrong with a system that was both convenient and secure, and brought biometrics into the mainstream. Touch ID could be used for device unlock, authorizing iTunes & App Store purchases, and an API was made available to third-party apps.
The iPhone 5c didn’t have anything new apart from its unapologetically plastic rainbow-coloured exterior. Initial market reception was underwhelming, but it actually saw steady sales across its lifetime. In future years, Apple has continued to release multiple iPhones at a time although their exact strategy has varied. For the current cycle, Apple launched three flagship iPhone 11 models and rumors point to four new high-end iPhones for 2020.
Apple announced the next major addition to the iPad lineup on October 22. After a few generations of the iPad 2 design, the Air was the next big leap forward for the tablet. It featured skinnier side bezels, a thinner 7.5mm chassis and a 25% reduction in weight. Apple upgraded the front and rear cameras significantly, starting a brief streak of marketing the rear shooter as an “iSight” camera.
One criticism of the product is that it lacked a Touch ID home button, despite launching later than the iPhone 5s. However, the ‘creation versus consumption’ debate was still raging and many reviewers were concentrated on the weaknesses of the iOS operating system for productivity needs. It turned out that Apple wouldn’t really try to start addressing this domain of complaints until until iOS 9 with the addition of iPad features like split-screen multitasking and Picture-in-Picture video.
Apple iterated on the iPad Air in 2014 with the iPad Air 2, which was even thinner. The iPad Air brand was then temporarily discontinued, but the tenets of the original Air design have become a mainstay of Apple’s lower-end tablets. The 9.7-inch iPad Pro, 5th generation iPad, 6th generation and 7th generation iPad are essentially iPad Airs with upgraded internals, even if they didn’t strictly share a name. Apple brought back the iPad Air brand in 2019.
Apple buys Beats
Apple acquired Beats in May 2014 for $3 billion. It remains Apple’s largest acquisition in monetary terms. Beats was most well known for its ‘premium brand’ headphones but Apple became interested in the company for its streaming service, Beats Music. Tim Cook said he was enthralled by Beats’ human-curated playlists rather than purely algorithmic mixes. Apple would integrate Jimmy Iovine into Apple to help launch the Apple Music streaming service in 2015. It also saw opportunity in the $1 billion / year headphone accessory business.
Although Apple was criticized at the time for spending lavishly on a ‘crappy headphones’ company, the deal was actually great value for Apple. Beats headphones were selling well in the United States but were yearning for better international distribution, something Apple could provide to boost revenues from the division. Beats enabled Apple to get a streaming service off the ground quickly, with little financial outlay. Beats was a profitable acquisition and Apple made back its initial investment within two years.
Sales from iTunes music purchases had been slowly declining in the face of burgeoning competition from streaming services like Spotify, and Beats was Apple’s way in to the modern music market. Nowadays, the seeds of all of Apple’s content services initiatives can be traced back to the Beats acquisition.
On the hardware front, Apple has kept Beats running as a separate entity, offering both Beats and own-brand lines of audio products. It has used its expertise in quality audio processing to improve the audio of the newer Beats products.
Swift and WWDC 2014
Apple put a lot of focus on developer-facing tools and APIs with the WWDC 2014 announcements, including adding the extension system to let third-party apps integrate with the OS like never before. Extensions powered features such as presenting apps in the system share sheet, third-party keyboards and widgets in the Today view. WWDC was also the venue for the unveiling of Apple’s new programming language, Swift.
Swift debuted with big ambitions to be a universal programming language spanning app development to low-level systems programming, with expressive syntax and more safety guarantees than Objective-C could provide, whilst also pushing for bare metal performance and efficiency goals. Swift became an open-source project in 2015 and this has opened up the language to wider domains that just app development for Apple platforms. In 2019, we saw Apple commit to Swift even further with a new declarative UI framework designed to utilize all of Swift’s features and syntax.
In terms of user-facing features, iOS 8 added hot-word activation for Siri so users could perform Siri requests hands-free just by saying ‘Hey Siri’ to the air. However, the first implementations required the phone to be plugged into power for ‘Hey Siri’ listening to be enabled. iPhone 6s and later devices featured dedicated coprocessors to support the (now commonplace) always-listening Hey Siri experience.
The WWDC presentation for iOS 8 also included a preview of iCloud Photo Library, the biggest update to Apple’s cloud photo offering since iCloud was introduced in 2011. Whereas Photo Stream would only hold onto your last 1000 shots for a month, iCloud Photo Library was what everyone actually wanted from a photos service: a true permanent location for your entire photo library. New images and edits would automatically sync across all of your Apple devices.
iCloud Photo Library rolled out to iPhone and iPad with iOS 8.1 in the fall of 2014, and the feature came to the Mac in early 2015 with the new Mac Photos app, which replaced iPhoto.
Apple goes bigger with iPhone 6
The iPhone debuted with a 3.5-inch screen. Apple upped that to 4-inches with the iPhone 5. Meanwhile, the Android ecosystem was all-in on phones featuring screens 5-inches and larger; Samsung pushed ‘phablets’ into the mainstream.
Apple finally joined the big phone frenzy in September 2014 with the iPhone 6 and iPhone 6 Plus. Sporting a new curved glass and aluminium chassis, the iPhone 6 had a 4.7-inch display and the iPhone 6 Plus was even larger at 5.5-inches. The front face design was basically an enlarged version of what everyone was used to which meant big forehead and chin front bezels surrounded the big screens.
The other big feature of the iPhone 6 was Apple Pay. After getting the world comfortable with unlocking their phones using their fingerprints, Apple capitalized on its industry-leading biometrics system with support for contactless payments through Apple Pay. iPhone users could simply add their cards during device setup, and then immediately start buying things in one tap with Touch ID for authentication. Despite Android manufacturers offering various forms of NFC payments for some time prior, the standardized platform integration and simplicity of Apple Pay quickly made it the world’s #1 contactless payment method.
The pent-up demand for an iPhone with a larger screen — and a comprehensive China rollout — made the iPhone 6 series the most successful iPhones ever. Apple sold more than 10 million units in the opening weekend alone.
The Apple Watch unveiled
By 2014, investors and the tech community were anxious to see what Apple could do next. The idea that Apple was ‘doomed’ after the passing of Jobs still hung in the air, as the company had not broken into a new product category. Critics would repeatedly question whether Apple could keep innovating and defining new markets. Rumors about an Apple TV set and an iWatch project were raging, but Apple had not come through with the goods.
The pressure on the company was so intense that Tim Cook resorted to publicly acknowledging the forthcoming product pipelines, a rare move for the secretive company. In several earnings calls, Cook promised that Apple would enter a new product category in 2014.
That promise was met in September 2014. Apple announced the Apple Watch. Apple emphasized how the watch would introduce people to new ways to communicate, help people with health and fitness, and triage incoming notifications from their phone whilst staying ‘in the moment’. After years of speculation about exactly what an Apple wearable would be, the Apple Watch looked … like a watch. A watch with a rectangular face, and crown that could be rotated to scroll through lists on the screen. Apple developed a special vibration motor, the Taptic Engine, to allow the watch to inaudibly prompt users when new notifications came in. The back of the watch featured an Apple-developed heart rate sensor, which would help the watch compute calorie burn.
One of the biggest moves Apple made with the first Watch was to release three distinct collections with an assortment of bands. The company recognized that its usual strategy of releasing just one product, maybe with a couple of color options, would not be enough for something as personal as technology that is worn. The Apple Watch range meant users had the flexibility to express individual style and taste. Apple also tried breaking into the fashion world with the Apple Watch Edition, made of 24-caret gold.
Apple Watch was released in April 2015. The response were mixed. The first-generation Watch was pretty slow, and the hierarchy of the operating system was confusing to grok. Some reviewers thought the smartwatch as a concept was a wholly pointless. Generally, the first-generation Watch was taken as a good 1.0 but with obvious room to grow. Over time, Apple refined watchOS and added critical hardware features like GPS, waterproofing and cellular, helping to make the watch more useful as an independent device when the phone wasn’t around.
Apple has never released official sales figures for the Apple Watch, a practice it would later adopt across all of its products, but the product was clearly a hit — even if took a couple of goes to focus on what was truly compelling about a smart device strapped to your wrist.
The solid gold watch was an outright failure — with prices starting at $10,000 and going as high as $17,000 — and Apple retreated from the fashion sphere a bit. It has continued to contribute with innovative new styles of watch band and experimenting with less-expensive-but-still-premium case materials like ceramic and titanium.
The (one port) MacBook
In spring 2015, Apple introduced the MacBook. In the announcement, Schiller described it as the ‘future of notebooks’. Thinner and lighter than anything Apple had made before, the 12-inch MacBook remains the smallest and most portable Apple laptop.
Although Apple never really said it explicitly, this was meant to be the replacement for the MacBook Air. However, the 12-inch MacBook was met with a muted reception. Not only was the 12-inch an expensive product — far too pricey for the budget-sensitive customers that were buying the Air, in order to achieve the sleekness and aesthetic elegance, Apple had to make two significant compromises.
Firstly, it only had one port. This was the first MacBook to feature USB-C which meant the port could handle all sorts of tasks from charging the machine to I/O and display output. This meant Apple could finally ship a functional computer with only one port, and they did — sacrificing innovations like MagSafe in order to funnel everything through the single USB-C connector. Although the port was capable of being multi-functional, the single port was inconvenient. If you wanted to plug in a camera and charge your laptop at the same time, you really couldn’t. Or at least, you would need to buy a special dongle. Realistically, you needed to buy USB-C adapters, dongles and accessories for almost any task … and in 2015 the USB-C ecosystem was much less developed than it is today.
Secondly, the keyboard. This is the machine that introduced the butterfly keyboard to the MacBook line. Over time, reliability would become a negative factor but right out of the gate people complained about how the keyboard felt. The butterfly keyboard’s 0.5mm key travel was unsatisfying to most people who used it.
The other component Apple had to change for the sake of thinness was the trackpad. However, this one was an undoubted success. The space for the trackpad in the MacBook was so tight that the component couldn’t actually physically move. Instead, Apple added Force Touch sensors and a Taptic Engine (first seen in the Apple Watch) to simulate the feeling of a real trackpad click. A side-benefit of this design was that it was now possible to evenly click across the entire trackpad surface; older Mac trackpads had to tilt forwards to click, which gave them an uneven ‘diving board’ feel. Whereas Apple has distanced itself from the butterfly keyboard and the drastic one-port idea for its modern laptops in 2019, the Force Touch trackpad has cemented itself as one of the best parts of Apple’s portables.
Jony Ive named Chief Design Officer
On the 25th May 2015, Apple announced a shakeup of its design leadership teams. The headline: Jony Ive was being promoted to a new position, ‘Chief Design Officer’. In a memo to employees, Cook said that Ive would remain in charge of all Apple design, but would hand off ‘day-to-day managerial responsibilities’ to Richard Howarth and Alan Dye, who became VP Industrial Design and VP User Interface Design respectively.
The subtext of the promotion was that Ive was taking a step back. Whether he was getting ready to retire was up for debate. We saw Ive’s interests mainly focus on the new campus (to be named Apple Park) and Apple’s revamp of retail store architecture. However, Dye and Howarth never really came into the public zeitgeist. Dye’s and Howarth’s faces appeared on the Apple leadership page as named vice presidents, but Ive remained the face of Apple design and he continued to be the star celebrity in the videos for new Apple product releases.
Even stranger, in late 2017, Apple announced that Jony Ive had resumed day-to-day management responsibilities as leader of design at Apple. Dye and Howarth were summarily taken off the leadership page. People that saw 2015 as signs of retirement were taken back at Ive’s return to his old role. He had seemingly had a change of heart. But as we know now, this arrangement only continued for two years before Apple abruptly announced Jony Ive was leaving Apple to set up his own independent design firm, LoveFrom. Alongside his resignation, Ive said LoveFrom would have Apple as a primary client but it remains to be seen what, if anything, comes out of the long-distance partnership.
The 12.9-inch iPad Pro
The iPad Pro was announced as part of the 2015 September iPhone event but it didn’t ship until that November. This was Apple’s opportunity to answer the critics who pigeonholed the iPad as a product only for consumption.
The combination of 12.9-inch screen, iOS 9 productivity features (like two-apps-at-a-time multitasking), and higher starting price (2015 iPad Pro started at $799 with 32 GB storage) tried to seriously propel Apple’s tablet efforts as a replacement for a laptop, at least in the arena of the MacBook Air. The new Smart Keyboard cover accessory addressed typing needs. Apple began directly comparing the CPU power found inside the iPad to the computer world: Apple said “the A9X chip rivals most portable PCs in performance”.
The iPad Pro was a great iPad but the addition of a massive screen and side-by-side app multitasking wasn’t enough of a leap to really make it amenable for most people’s productivity needs. Reviewers bemoaned the lack of multiple user accounts in iOS, the lack of a true filesystem for arranging complicated projects and incompatibilities with PC accessories like USB thumb drives or cameras.
Much of the success of the iPad Pro was found through the Apple Pencil, the stylus that Apple launched at the same time. The Apple Pencil could apply digital ink to the screen with pixel-level precision, as well as enable virtual brushes to react to changes in force and tilt. Drawing and digital art apps were already an established category in the App Store, and the Apple Pencil pushed what was possible even further.
That being said, the Pencil was criticized for being too expensive, sold for $99 each. It also wasn’t clear where you were supposed to store the Pencil when not in use, and many people laughed at the primitive charging method: stick the Pencil straight into the Lightning port. Apple would address most of these concerns with the second-generation Pencil in 2018, although complaints about the accessory being pricey clearly fell on deaf ears. In fact, the second-generation Pencil was even more expensive at $129.
The cheaper and smaller iPhone SE
Through 2015 and 2016, Apple’s premier product — the iPhone — was beginning to show signs of weakness. Sales growth in iPhone was slowing as Apple ran out of new places to sell it. In April 2016, Apple reported its first quarterly revenue decline in 13 years.
Whilst Apple would never openly admit it, the iPhone SE was seen by analysts as a way for Apple to grab marketshare in lower-end segments that it had not really competed in before. The iPhone SE came out at the end of March 2016 with a clear goal: make a good iPhone for less money. Apple essentially took the body of an iPhone 5s, removed the premium chamfered metal edge for an all-aluminium exterior but swapped the innards for modern components. The iPhone SE featured the same A9 chip and 12-megapixel rear camera as the just-released iPhone 6s. And most importantly, it cost just $399 unsubsidized.
The popularity of the iPhone SE at launch surprised Apple, and supply was constrained for a few months after it debuted. The iPhone SE developed somewhat of a cult following as it was the last iPhone that was truly small in the hand. In the years after its launch, Apple reduced the price a couple of times but never upgraded the SE’s internal — Apple’s design aims were set on price rather than form factor. The iPhone SE was discontinued in September 2018, but there are rumors that Apple will follow the same SE strategy again in 2020 by releasing a cheaper iPhone 8 with modern processor internals. It remains to be seen whether Apple will revive the SE brand, or if that was truly a Special Edition one-off.
Modern App Store subscription policies
Ahead of the actual WWDC conference, Apple announced sweeping policy changes for the App Store after Phil Schiller took over the division at the end of 2015. Apple announced that app review times would drop from 5-7 days to under 24 hours in most cases, addressing a particular pain point that benefited all developers. The announcement of App Store Search Ads was met with less enthusiasm; app makers could bid on keywords to show their apps at the top of search results.
However, the biggest news was an overhaul to app subscriptions. Apple opened up subscription in-app purchases to all categories of apps, when it was previously limited to news and magazine apps. It also increased the revenue share to developers to incentives more apps to switch to a subscription business model. All purchases would start at the same 70/30 revenue split but the new terms meant that if an app developer could retain a customer for more than a year, Apple would reduce its commission to 15%.
These changes brought about a phenomenon in how developers monetised their applications. Nowadays, almost all high-profile premium apps have switched to recurring revenue subscription payment models.
iPhone 7 and the attack on the headphone jack
In an age when all of the iPhone’s flagship Android competitors were on a quest to minimize bezels, Apple came out with the iPhone 7 … with the same body design as the iPhone 6s and the iPhone 6 before it. Apple gave the phone a water resistance rating for the first time, but the biggest improvement was exclusive to the Plus model: the addition of a second lens for the rear camera.
The second camera was a telephoto lens, which allowed Apple to add 2x optical zoom to the iPhone. A new UI in the Camera app let users smoothly switch between the two cameras. Moreover, the two lenses enabled Portrait mode. The iPhone analyzed the parallax between the rear cameras to compute a disparity depth map, allowing it to separate foreground from background and add the fake bokeh effect. Portrait mode was not available with the phone at launch though; it was added a month later in a software update.
The iPhone 7 was a relatively straightforward upgrade over its predecessor; new chip, new camera, and a new piano gloss Jet Black case finish (that looked stunning out of the box but was prone to becoming covered in micro-abrasions). That is, except for one detail: Apple removed the headphone jack.
The removal of the headphone jack caused an uproar, not least because Apple gave little motivation for the port’s removal. The bottom of the iPhone was simply blank where the headphone jack should be, for a generation in which the exterior design of the phone remained otherwise identical. Apple’s argument was the port was old analog technology and it was time for it to be replaced by wireless audio options. To help the transition along, Apple bundled a 3.5mm to Lightning dongle along with the phone in the box, which it still sells on the Apple Store for $9. A lot was written that year about how Apple was locking down its devices and forcing its user base to buy proprietary dongles. Regardless, Apple has stuck to the ‘courage’ of its convictions to this day, and most other phone manufacturers have also dropped the 3.5mm jack from their products.
What helped diminish the 3.5mm’s jack importance was the other product that Apple introduced alongside the iPhone 7: AirPods. Apple called it the future of headphones, cynics called it another way to give Apple money.
Ignoring the debates about proprietary ecosystems, AirPods were simply incredible from the day they came out. (They were initially billed to drop in October, but Apple ended up delaying them until mid-December). AirPods were simply better than the status quo Bluetooth earbuds of the time; truly no wires, seamless pairing and a convenient charging case that provided up to 24 hours of music playback whilst also being small enough to carry in your pocket.
Obviously, we all know now with the hindsight of time that AirPods have been one of Apple’s most successful product releases of the entire decade. But what’s interesting is that if you go back and watch the September 2016 iPhone event, Apple’s introduction of AirPods is way more understated than you might imagine. Apple thought they were good, of course, but they were clearly surprised by the impending phenomenon that they would become. AirPods were supply constrained for almost two years after they came out, and now the AirPods Pro are show similar levels of high demand.
15-inch MacBook Pro with Touch Bar
In October 2016, Apple unveiled a new generation of MacBook Pro, a product that what would become a notable low point in Apple’s history of pro notebooks. The 15-inch MacBook Pro with Touch Bar adopted many of the same design principles as the 12-inch MacBook — fewer ports and compromised keyboard for the sake of thinness — and summarily incurred much of the same backlash.
However, the repercussions of rolling out these changes to the MacBook Pro were amplified. The leading job-to-be-done of the 12-inch MacBook was to be portable and small, so any compromises that supported that end result were at least understandable. The MacBook Pro is meant for professionals to get work done, so changes that made the computer worse to use, like the reduced travel of the new keyboard, that only served to make the product thinner made much less sense.
The big new feature of this machine, the Touch Bar, was also not an example of Apple batting out of the park. Although the Touch Bar was cool, it was not very practical or useful. It was at most, okay, but the cost of its addition was losing a physical Escape key and a row of function keys. Apple has said that developers are its biggest professional market and developers probably use the Escape key more than anyone else.
The problems of the MacBook Pro were further amplified when the unreliability of the butterfly keyboard became common knowledge. Even if you liked the low-travel feel, you would be infuriated by stuck keys and repeated character inputs.
The 15-inch MacBook Pro was the straw that broke the camel’s back, as far as Apple’s alignment with the professional market. It would begin to rectify the relationship and appeal of its pro products in 2017 but a ‘truly great’ MacBook Pro would not be available for another three years.
Apple versus Qualcomm
After finally resolving and/or settling the smartphone patent suits that originated from 2011, it didn’t take long to initiate another huge court battle. This time, the target was Qualcomm. In January, Apple filed a $1 billion lawsuit against Qualcomm.
Debates over Qualcomm’s treatment over its standard essential patents had been brewing for some time. Throughout the early 2010s, Apple and Qualcomm had an exclusive supply arrangement for the iPhone. Cracks in the relationship started to show in 2016; Apple shipped two variants of the iPhone 7, some with Qualcomm modems and some with Intel modems. In the suit, Apple said that ‘Qualcomm charges at least five times more than all other cellular patent licensors combined’. For its part, Qualcomm said the claims were meritless.
Although it took a little over two years for the case go to trial, the intervening period was not pretty. Apple and Qualcomm took their disagreements to courts all over the world. In one particular instance, Qualcomm managed to get an injunction on iPhone sales in China — based on infringement of patents wholly unrelated to cellular modems. Simultaneously, Apple dropped Qualcomm entirely from the iPhone model, relying exclusively on Intel. This was in spite of the fact that the quality and performance of Intel modems were lagging behind what Qualcomm could offer.
The companies finally faced each other at trial on the week of 15th April 2019. The Monday court proceedings were dedicated to admin and jury selection. On the second day, as the company’s opening arguments were being read, Apple and Qualcomm announced that they had reached a settlement. The statement said the agreement included a “payment from Apple to Qualcomm” and a multi-year supply agreement. The implication of the statement’s wording was that Apple caved but it was effectively irrelevant to the merits of the case. Time had forced Apple’s hand.
With Qualcomm in dispute, Apple had all of its eggs in the Intel basket. All reports pointed to Intel’s 5G modem development being either behind schedule, exhibiting poor performance, or both. The lead times of hardware being what they are, Apple had to act if they wanted to get a 5G-capable iPhone available in 2020. So, the settlement was reached. Some courts are still investigating Qualcomm’s practices. Behind the scenes, Apple is working on its own in-house modems for future iPhones but these are unlikely to be ready until 2022 at the earliest.
Apple Park is official
Plans for a new campus were announced by Steve Jobs at a Cupertino council meeting in 2011, just weeks before he would step down as CEO. In February of 2017, Apple announced that its new campus was finally approaching completion. The campus would be named Apple Park and the underground theatre was dedicated to Steve Jobs.
The only area welcome to the general public, the Visitor Center, opened at the end of 2017 along with the first employees moving in.
Apple Park was seen as the place where Ive had dedicated most of his creative energy. The making of the building was managed between a joint collaboration of Apple’s team and Foster and Partners. The campus featured custom design in basically every part of it; staircases with banisters that were an integrated part of the wall, label-less elevator buttons, custom desks and not a bare cable or wiring box in sight. Many of the same architectural elements were shared with Apple’s retail stores.
Apple inducted the site by hosting the September 2017 iPhone keynote in the Steve Jobs Theater, although the site still looked a bit like a desert as the mass of newly-planted trees and greenery were not yet fully grown. Before Apple Park opened, many assumed that the Theater would become Apple’s exclusive venue for product events from then on. That turned out not to be the case. Apple has hosted every iPhone keynote there since 2017, but it has still relied on other locations for most of its other events — for variety, if nothing else. So far, the only non-September event held at Apple Park was the 2019 March services event.
Apple begins to repair the pro customer relationship
One thing not mentioned in this timeline is the 2013 Mac Pro, or the trashcan Mac Pro. The trashcan Mac Pro was a beautiful machine, with an innovative design, but the choices made were inherently incompatible with what pro customers wanted. The machine was not user-expandable and seemingly not Apple-expandable either, as the company did not update it with new internals — ever. The combination of Mac Pro failure and the 2016 MacBook Pro meant that the disconnect between Mac users and Apple had reached a fever pitch.
Apple held a private roundtable with several journalists in the spring of 2017. Without explicitly saying it, Apple essentially admitted that it had took its eye off the ball. Apple promised high-end configurations of the iMac were coming later in 2017, as well as a commitment to create a new modular Mac Pro and pro external display. Apple explained that they hit a ‘thermal corner’ with the trashcan’s design and the new Mac Pro would be architected for high-end high-throughput use cases with the capability to be refreshed with regular improvements.
It would take some time for the fruits of this renewed work to be ready to ship. But the roundtable achieved its job, community sentiment surrounding Apple’s pro products became much more optimistic. Beyond any particular product promise, Apple told the room that it had set up a pro workflow team, a group of creative professionals that Apple would work closely with to understand real-world needs of the professional market. Even though the Apple executives at the meeting had not teased any changes to the MacBook Pro, the community came away generally confident that it was ‘message received’.
At the WWDC keynote a few months later, Apple announced sweeping CPU and GPU upgrades for its entire line of products and previewed the iMac Pro, a reworking of the iMac chassis that could support highly multi-core Xeon workstation CPUs. The iMac Pro launched in the last few days of December 2017, and became an instant hit amongst the pro community. Apple had succeeded in restoring the faith, now everyone had to wait and see what the output would be across Apple’s entire pro Mac lineup.
The iPhone X and replacing the home button
The drumroll for a bezel-less iPhone had been building. The iPhone’s forehead and chin design was getting very long in the tooth. Whilst the iPhone looked almost identical for three generations, the Android cohort had been slowly slimming bezels with each successive product. It was time for Apple to radically rethink the core of the iPhone experience.
Rumors about a full-screen iPhone picked up steam starting in late 2016. Initially, it was speculated that Apple would be able to integrate Touch ID and the front-facing under the screen, and render a virtual home button on the display, to make for a completely bezel-less front face. The rumor mill began honing in on the truth and by the spring, the ‘iPhone 8’ (as it was referred to at the time) was a known quantity.
It would be an iPhone with a rounded OLED screen, stretching into every corner of the chassis with a top cutout to house the camera hardware … and the IR sensors for 3D face-recognition. Apple announced the phone in September, with the tagline ‘say hello to the future’. The iPhone X was sold for $999, featuring a full-screen OLED display, 4K video recording, the latest A11 chip and Face ID biometrics. At the usual price points, Apple simultaneously released the iPhone 8 and iPhone 8 Plus which had the same specs aside from the design and screen quality.
There was a lot of questions about how well Apple would be able to replace the physical home button of the iPhone, a defining element of the device since the very first model. On reflection, Apple excelled with the gestural system it came up with. Unquestionably, this is my personal pick of the entire decade: the gestural navigation system alone. Apple nailed it. They came up with a responsive, natural and unimposing control system for their most important product, and perfected it first time. The iPhone X gestures still feel modern and compelling, two years on. I think the magic is in how everything works with everything else; you can start swiping up to go home and switch partway through to opening the app switcher. Nothing is rigid. Want to swipe laterally on the home indicator to go back to a previously open app? You can, but you can also roughly arch your finger and the phone just understands what you mean — effortlessly.
Face ID was also a hit. It had weak spots, bright sunlight and polarized sunglasses for instance, but so Touch ID, like when wearing gloves or just having wet fingers. Face ID was slower than the second-generation Touch ID-based unlock if you timed it, but nowhere near enough to be an inconvenience. And being able to just glance at your phone to read notifications — no button press or interaction required — was a dream. I still hit occasions where I am annoyed that I cannot unlock my iPhone when it is laying flat on the table but if I had a straight choice between having Face ID and Touch ID, I’d pick Face ID every time.
Despite its $1000 starting price, the iPhone X immediately became the best-selling model of that generation. And the fundamentals of the iPhone X will be the fundamentals of all iPhones for years to come.
(Apple announced the AirPower wireless charging mat, alongside the iPhone X, an ambitious charging mat that could wireless charge three devices at the same time on the same pad. It fit the vision of the phone of the future, but it was unfortunately the part of the vision that was not able to be realized. Apple left the product in limbo for more than a year, before cancelling it completely in March 2019. The AirPower fiasco is an embarrassing black mark on Apple’s product development and logistics process.)
#BatteryGate
At the very end of the year, Apple faced its biggest public scandal in years. People started noticing discrepancies in how their iPhone models were scoring on tests like Geekbench. An older phone, like the iPhone 6, would only hit scores of 800 when it would have achieved close to double that number when new out of the box. Posters on Reddit realized that swapping their batteries would make the phones act like new again.
Apple had actually implemented this behavior in iOS 10.2.1 earlier that year but the release notes did not clearly explain the consequences of what it was doing. When the news stories blew up, it felt like Apple had deceived people. The long-running conspiracy theory that Apple intentionally slowed down older phones was partially validated.
As the complaints bubbled in the tech community, Apple told TechCrunch that it was throttling phones as their batteries age to prevent unexpected shutdowns. If the phone deemed its battery to have degraded to the point where it would not be able to respond to peak power demands, then it throttled down its maximum CPU speeds to prevent the phone from becoming overloaded in future and turning itself off.
Initially, Apple did not expound further than a one-paragraph statement to TechCrunch. The company did not comment on how it handled the rollout of the update at all. The nuances of the problem were not well explained and most people interpreted Apple’s explanation as directly confirming their suspicions; Apple slowed down old iPhones on purpose. At this point, the narrative took held and made national news headlines.
A week later, Apple had to release a public apology for the mess and confusion it had caused. It released a long article explaining the intricacies of the situation. To quell the uproar, Apple reduced the price of battery replacements at the Apple Store to $29 for the whole of 2018, and committed to making the throttling process more transparent in a forthcoming software update. iOS 11.3 let people see their estimated battery capacity, whether their phone was currently exhibiting peak performance, and a toggle to opt-in to disable the throttling and accept the consequences of possible unexpected shutdowns.
Since BatteryGate flared up, Apple has further improved the behavior of the performance management system in iOS. Rather than permanently throttling the device, newer iPhones can respond more dynamically to peak power needs on demand. Class-action lawsuits about the issues of BatteryGate are still making their way through the courts; Apple has said in company filings that it has set aside money to pay for any litigation proceedings, so it must at least believe there is some chance of further repercussions to come.
The premium smart speaker, the HomePod
Originally intended to debut in the fall of 2017 for the holiday season, the HomePod was finally made available in February 2018. The HomePod was Apple’s entrance into the burgeoning smart speaker market. Pitched as the best of Echo and the best of Sonos, the HomePod housed seven internal tweets and a large subwoofer to provide truly impressive sound out of a relatively small unit. The device could only natively play content from Apple Music or purchased from the iTunes Store, and did not act like a standard Bluetooth speaker. Only Apple devices could AirPlay music to it.
The device was priced at $349. Amazon and Google have broke into the home mostly with more capable voice assistants packaged into devices that cost under $100, often under $50. Apple had gone for the high-end. All analyst reports point to the HomePod being a slow seller, perhaps it is the most popular >$300 smart speaker … but that market segment is small.
Another stumbling block for the HomePod was that it launched without AirPlay 2. AirPlay 2 enabled stereo pairing and multi-room speaker arrangements. Those features were made available with iOS 11.4 on May 28th, three months later. Apple gradually added new capabilities through software updates, like the ability to make phone calls and set up calendar events. It gained the ability to set multiple timers at the end of 2018, and Apple added basic multi-user features in November 2019. However, the HomePod software still has a long way to go.
Even if Siri and the HomePod OS was perfect, the product is probably still too expensive to be a mass market success. In a rare move, Apple actually dropped the price of the HomePod from $349 to $299, without introducing a new generation. There are rumors that Apple will launch a cheaper ‘HomePod mini’ device in 2020.
iOS 12 performance focus
In addition to the ongoing murmurs that Apple intentionally slowed older phones down, whispers that had been rejuvenated thanks to the BatteryGate scandal, it was also simply true that the efficiency and optimization of the iOS operating system had worsened gradually over time. iOS 11 was particularly bad with both bugginess and performance, and was collectively labelled by the community as a bad release — with particularly poor performance on older iPhones and iPads.
To address these concerns, Apple’s software division dramatically switched up their plans for that year’s OS. In a well-leaked internal meeting, Craig Federighi announced that Apple would delay several key iOS features until the following year. Those teams would be reassigned to work on improving iOS stability and performance.
Apple announced this initiative at WWDC in June 2018. iOS 12 was billed as a release with performance as a central tenet. Apple promised dramatic improvements across the system, including 2x faster app launch under load, up to 70% faster Camera loading, and 1.5x faster presentations of the keyboard.
When iOS 12 shipped that September, Apple’s claims were backed up in the real world. Performance improvements were readily noticeable, particularly on older models like iPhone 6 but even owners of the newest iPhone X saw speedups. Few people cared that iOS 12 was lighter on new features.
Unfortunately, a lot of the goodwill Apple generated with the iOS 12 release has been evaporated in the light of this year’s OS cycle. iOS 13, macOS Catalina and watchOS 6 touted plenty of new features but debuted with varying degrees of bugginess and instability. Apple is reportedly changing up the way it develops internal builds of iOS, starting with iOS 14, in another attempt to nail down the output quality of its major operating system releases.
Apple Watch leaps forward with Series 4
Now that the iPhone X was established, it was time for Apple to start spreading the bezel-less beauty across its entire product line. The Apple Watch Series 4 dramatically reduced the size of the on-screen bezel whilst making the screen bigger. The sizes of the Watch did increase slightly, from 38mm and 42mm to 40mm and 44mm (Apple measures the Watch in terms of case height, in accordance with the watch world). More than just making the bezels thinner, the Watch’s screen was now rounded to trace the rounded corners of the body — like the iPhone X. This was a huge upgrade over the screen of the first three watches, which looked like a rectangular screen floating in the middle of a rounded square island bezel.
watchOS was updated to take advantage of the new screen dimensions, including denser watch faces with a flurry of data-rich complications. It made the best smartwatch feel smarter. The Series 4 also brought with it a new crown with haptic feedback, and two significant health features.
Firstly, Apple upgraded the accelerometers in the Watch to be able to detect falls. If the watch detected a fall, it could automatically enable SOS mode and call for help if the wearer remained unconscious for one minute. Secondly, Apple redesigned the rear heart rate sensor housing to include an electrocardiogram. Apple got approval from the FDA to be the first consumer product on the market to be able to take ECGs without needing the user to go to a doctor. The watch can tell the wearer if their heart rhythm shows signs of atrial fibrillation. When the Series 4 was announced, it wasn’t clear how long it would take for Apple to get approval for international regulatory bodies but the company moved fast and managed to cover about 40 countries by the spring.
What’s interesting about the smartwatch market is that Apple has essentially zero competition. Meanwhile, Apple keeps delivering significant hardware and software updates annually. With the 2019 hardware refresh, Apple added an always-on screen design to the Series 4 design — finally making the watch act like a watch.
The beautiful 2018 iPad Pro
The iPhone X treatment also came to the iPad. Due to the relative size of the screens, Apple slimmed the iPad bezels on all four sides uniformly so that they were as thick as the TrueDepth sensor housing was big, removing the need for a notch. For software, they had already solved it with the iPhone X interface. The home indicator based gestural system scaled to the iPad beautifully. The iPad finally become the epitomic ideal of what a tablet is; one giant (and high frame rate) touchscreen.
What was also interesting about the hardware is that Face ID could work in any orientation, whereas the iPhone is still limited to portrait only. However, it turned out the placement of the Face ID cameras on the iPad was a little problematic. Like the phone, the iPad’s TrueDepth sensors sit in the top bezel when held in portrait but that means when the iPad is held in landscape, the hands/arms of the user often block the cameras from being able to see anything. Critics want Apple to accept that the modern iPad is a predominantly landscape experience, and change the hardware to suit.
Answering the complaints about the first iPad Pro in regards to the Apple Pencil, Apple introduced a second-generation Apple Pencil that was designed from the beginning with the new iPad Pro in mind. It magnetically attached to the side of the device for safekeeping and charging. And whilst they didn’t add an active erase on the other end of the stylus, the Apple Pencil added an accelerometer to detect a double-tap gesture to quickly switch tools in drawing apps.
The other problem that hampered the 2018 iPad Pro’s reviews was the software. As iPad-specific features planned for iOS 12 had been pushed back to iOS 13 because of the focus on performance, the capability of the iPad’s OS had not advanced much past what reviewers critiqued with the first iPad Pro from 2015. Similarly when iPadOS was ready to go a year later, Apple did not have new iPad Pro hardware to go along with it.
Apple misses its earnings guidance
On January 2nd, Tim Cook published a public letter that revealed Apple would be lowering its earnings guidance for the just gone 2018 holiday quarter. The company had not failed to meet guidance since 2003, well before the iPhone era. Apple blamed macroeconomic weakness leading to lower iPhone sales, particularly concentrated on China.
As a financial event, this would just be an amusing statistic of history but of course this result had ramifications on Apple’s product plans. Apple doubled down on Services initiatives as a way to show investors underlying long-term growth potential in its business.
In the letter, Cook said Apple was going to make it easier for customers to trade in a phone at Apple Stores and finance the purchase over time. In December, Apple plastered banners on its website and retail stores advertising the iPhone XR for $449, with the asterisk that the price included the trade-in value of an iPhone 7 Plus. The boosted trade-in promo offer was initially advertised as a ‘limited time’ offer, but it kept getting extended.
As a direct consequence of the poor earnings, Apple reworked the buying process for iPhones. It began advertising monthly prices for buying an iPhone with two-year payment plans, not just the full ticket price. Apple expanded the availability of its trade-in programs to more markets, including adding ways to trade-in devices online. Apple also announced that it would take ‘pricing action’ in select markets where foreign currency had raised the price of the iPhone. This essentially saw Apple cut into its own margins in order to offset the currency fluctuations of the US Dollar. Notably, Apple cut the entry price of the next iPhone flagship by $50 worldwide, after several years where the price had only creeped upwards.
The March services event
In March, Apple held a special event to talk about its latest Services announcements. To highlight its importance to the company, Apple held the event on campus, making it the first non-iPhone event to take place at Apple Park. Apple also invited top Hollywood names to watch the event unfold.
The announcements comprised Apple News+, Apple Arcade, Apple Card, and Apple TV+. Going into the event, people had expected a presentation focused on Apple’s original content TV plans. However, the TV portion of the event was somewhat muted. Apple wasn’t ready to announce firm information on availability and pricing, nor did it actually show a trailer for a single show. Instead, celebrities like Jennifer Aniston, Steven Spielberg, and Kumail Nanjiani got up on stage to describe the projects they had in development. Apple closed with an appearance from Oprah, who announced several documentaries and the news that the Oprah Book Club coming to Apple TV+.
The event was said to bristle Hollywood agents, many of whom whisked their talent to Cupertino only for them to sit in the audience and watch, with Apple not even mentioning their shows on stage. The initial response from pundits was that this was the first sign that Apple did not understand the world of TV, and that Apple TV+ was a failure. Others were confused about how Apple could launch a subscription streaming service with only a slim lineup of originals and no back catalog; why would anyone want to pay for it?
It is early days for Apple TV+ but the outlook is certainly more optimistic today than it was in March. Persistent rumors that Apple was interfering and sanitizing the content turned out not to be true at all. The initial critical response to Apple’s launch slate of shows was not great, but audience reactions have been generally positive. The low price of $4.99 and the lengthy one-year free trial has helped Apple TV+’s launch; the muted response from the March event probably would have been very different if Apple had announced the pricing terms then. Apple has leaned into the idea of it being the only ‘all originals’ streaming service. The focus now is how quickly Apple can expand its library and whether users will actually start paying when the millions of free trials expire.
Apple Arcade was a solid hit for Apple right out of the gate, offering a diverse range of brand new games. Apple Arcade has a clear reason to exist; it’s a counter to the swarm of freemium games that have dominated the App Store in recent years, most featuring ethically-questionable monetization models. Apple News+ was the opposite. Not only was the app experience poor out of the gate but it’s hard to see the appeal in paying for a stack of digital magazines and newspapers, where a majority of them are simply PDF scans of the physical publication and not optimized for the iPad and iPhone screens at all. Sources indicate that the Apple News+ contract allows partners to exit the service after a year if they are unhappy, so it will be interesting to see how the Apple News+ catalog changes on its first anniversary in March.
It’s still unclear how many customers have signed up to Apple’s latest suite of content services; Apple certainly doesn’t volunteer figures. It is expected that Apple will bundle its services together at some point, presumably at a reduced combined cost, and probably add in other benefits like Apple-produced podcasts.
iPhone 11 and iPhone 11 Pro
What’s funny about the iPhone 11 and the iPhone 11 Pro is that they are relatively boring unsurprising upgrades; better cameras, better battery life, and faster CPUs. However, in many ways, it feels like the 11 and 11 Pro was the culmination of Apple’s learnings from across the decade.
The upgrades were obvious but of critical importance to customers: iPhone users crave better cameras and better battery life. With the iPhone 11 and iPhone 11 Pro, Apple gave it to them. The iPhone X and XS had also fallen behind leading competition like the Google Pixel in raw photo quality. As well as adding the ultra-wide lens, the better lenses and image processing in the 11 series has once again put the iPhone right back into contention for first place in the smartphone camera wars. The triangular triple-lens rear camera module design is still pretty ugly to look at though.
Apple also learnt from the missteps of the iPhone 5c and the marketing blunders of the iPhone XR. The iPhone 11 was pitched as the primary iPhone and offered most of the features of the higher end ‘pro’ branded options. It also reset iPhone pricing slightly, offering the flagship iPhone 11 for just $699. The iPhone 11 series delivered exactly what people were asking for, and nothing more. This constituted a worthy upgrade, and all signs pointing to the iPhone 11 being received extremely well in the market.
16-inch MacBook Pro and Mac Pro
Similarly, Apple closes out the decade with a denouement of the pro Mac saga. Just before the end of the year, Apple delivered the modular Mac Pro as promised, and the new 16-inch MacBook Pro.
The 16-inch MacBook Pro retreads common ground. Rather than trying anything too daring, Apple addressed the core complaints of what people were upset about. The butterfly keyboard was ditched for a slightly tweaked variation of the Magic Keyboard, the Touch Bar remained but Apple added back a physical Escape, and the company ensured that they gave the machine enough battery power and thermal envelope to make it useful for professionals to get their work done.
The new Mac Pro is eye-wateringly expensive machine but it certainly meets the demands of high-end pro customers. Lots of thermal headroom and lots of slots for future expansion. The case improves on the old cheese grater design, but it is not so drastic that it makes people doubt whether Apple will be able to support future CPUs and GPUs for years to come.
That’s not to say Apple ends the decade with no problems for the Mac line. It is a shame there isn’t a modular desktop Mac that slots between iMac and the 2019 Mac Pro. The new Mac Pro feels more geared to video and photo professionals than, say, developers. The foibles of the butterfly keyboard remain on most of the Mac laptops Apple still sells for the time being.
What the Mac Pro and 16-inch MacBook Pro show is that Apple gets it, they know what to do, and they are on the right path. It shows they still are a company that can addresses the needs of mainstream consumers and professionals simultaneously, through a range of integrated devices that push the boundaries of technology. It shows that they care.
Benjamin develops iOS apps professionally and covers Apple news and rumors for 9to5Mac. Listen to Benjamin, every week, on the Happy Hour podcast. Check out his personal blog. Message Benjamin over email or Twitter.
Benjamin Mayo's favorite gear
Philips Hue Lights
The easiest way to get into HomeKit and Apple smart home tech. Great for gifts.
iPhone Wireless Charger
Inexpensive, fast, wireless charger for iPhone.
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By Caitlin Hotchkiss Canadian Startup News December 27, 2018
Toronto food incubator Food Starter abruptly shuts down
A lack of funding has shut down Food Starter, a Toronto-based startup incubator facility where food businesses can prepare their products.
Food Starter is looking to extend its stay in the facility to the end of January 2019
According to a report by the CBC, Food Starter sent out an email to clients alerting them that the final day for processing at the facility would be December 21, and that all tenants would need to move out of the plant as early as December 31.
CBC also notes that according to Food Starter executive director Petra Kassun-Mutch, funding from Ontario “dried up” in fall 2017, but the incubator had been looking at partnering with universities or colleges to help offset costs. However, these partnerships failed to close, and even with funding from the City of Toronto, Food Starter could not make ends meet and had to shut down.
“The idea of supporting food entrepreneurship is really important,” Kassun-Mutch told the CBC. “The cost of doing it is going to require public funding and some private support.”
Food Starter is looking to extend its stay in the facility to the end of January 2019; in a statement to the CBC, the City of Toronto stated that it has engaged the incubator’s board to look at options to support its clients.
incubatorretailtoronto
Caitlin Hotchkiss
Content coordinator, social media smartypants, wordsmith, Human Workflow™. Exists primarily on coffee, cat pictures, German dance metal, and pro wrestling. I will fight for your right to the Oxford comma.
Cybeats raises $3 million to secure IoT devices
Following Sleep Country acquisition, Endy’s founders want to stay independent and Canadian
R|T: The Retail Times – The battle plan for the holidays
The Retail Times is a weekly newsletter covering retail tech news from Canada and around the globe. Subscribe to R|T using the form at…
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BTS 7: How to turn your dream of business ownership into a reality with Kelly Roach
We are here today with Kelly Roach, she is the host of the top-rated podcast Unstoppable Success Radio, an International best-selling author, and the CEO of Kelly Roach Coaching.
As a former NFL Cheerleader and Fortune 500 Executive where she was promoted 7 times in 8 years, Kelly brings a powerful combination of...
BTS 6: Ask Angela: Career Transitions, Where do I start?
I recently received a question from a veterinarian who was 5-10 years out from graduation and had worked in many different settings as a private practitioner and was trying to decide if a career transition into industry or government might provide a better lifestyle or make them happier.
I’ve been there and what I...
BTS 5: Crushing Your Debt with Christine Furtado
Christine Furtado is a Professional Accountant and Finance Coach. She is also the CEO & Founder of Christine Furtado Enterprises Inc, where we offer "in-the-cloud" and "Boutique type" Bookkeeping, Accounting and CFO Services to modern-thinking Six-Figure & 7-Figure Business Owners & Entrepreneurs. Unlike other...
BTS 4: Defining your Uniquity with Stacy Pederson
Stacy Pederson is a professional actress and funny motivational speaker who has almost died a bunch. Stacy Pederson’s outlook on life began with a diagnosis of a terminal illness with her first husband. Stacy began a difficult journey fraught with failure—including a failed marriage, single parenting, job...
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After dinner with "Father Collin", HCA is:
"At 8 pm at the king's, reading the new fairy-tales. The king himself served me sugar and water [presumably for a rum toddy], shook my hand three times, and I kissed his; he was so familiar and cordial. "How ever do you think of all this!" he said, "where ever does it come from! Do you really have all this inside this head". When out and about I have nothing, but within the confines of home it all streams forth"
(the diary). In an unpublished letter to Mrs Scavenius dated 8th February, HCA says that these are "all those stories and fairy-tales I finished at Basnæs".
Reads aloud for 800 people at the Workers' Association, "which now has approximately 25,000 members" (unpublished letter dated 8th February to Mrs Scavenius).
Release of Nye Eventyr og Historier. Anden Række (New Tales and Stories. Second Series).The booklet includes "Tolv med Posten" (Twelve by the Mail), "Skarnbassen" (The Beetle), "Hvad Fatter gjør, det er altid det Rigtige" (What the Old Man Does is Always Right), "De Vises Sten" (The Stone of The Wise Man), "Sneemanden" (The Snowman), "I Andegaarden" (In the Duck Yard), "Det nye Aarhundredes Musa" (The New Century's Goddess). Reads the new fairy-tales at the Students' Association on this day.
Reads aloud during a visit one evening with Monrad, the Minister for Ecclesiastical Affairs and Public Instruction.
Reads aloud for the Workers' Association ("thundering applause", the almanac).
Reads aloud once more for the Workers' Association and receives the same response.
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Bonus FFB for Wednesday: Redemolished -- Richard Raucci, editor
Redemolished is a collection of Alfred Bester's previously unpublished stories, some "fictional articles," four essays, some interviews, and other miscellaneous material.
The stories are published in chronological order, so you can see Bester's development from the pure pulp adventure in "The Probable Man" to more mature works like "Something Up There Likes Me." I kind of prefer the earlier stuff, although some of them I didn't care for, like "Hell Is Forever," which I found an unpleasant story about unpleasant people and which I didn't finish. "The Roller Coaster" is the perfect 1950s digest story in tone and content. I'd have loved it if I were still a kid. Of the others, "The Push of a Finger" was okay. I wasn't taken much by most of the others, some of which are hardly SF at all. The articles didn't interest me, but the essays are fun, especially the rant entitled "A Diatribe Against Science Fiction." It was written just before the New Wave crashed onto the shores of SF, and that changed some of the things Bester ranted about. He changes his tone slightly in "The Perfect Composite Science Fiction Writer," dishing out left-handed compliments to Heinlein, Blish, Sturgeon, Sheckley, Asimov, and Farmer. The interview with Rex Stout is great and my favorite piece in the collection, mainly, I suppose, because it's nearly all Stout. Great stuff.
If you're interested in Bester or the history of SF, this volume belongs in your collection.
"The Probable Man"
"Hell Is Forever"
"The Push of a Finger"
"The Roller Coaster"
"The Lost Child"
"I'll Never Celebrate New Year's Again"
"Out of This World"
"The Animal Fair"
"Something Up There Likes Me"
"The Four-Hour Fugue"
Fictional Articles:
"Gourmet Dining in Outer Space"
"Place of the Month: The Moon"
"The Sun"
"Science Fiction and the Renaissance Man", originally delivered as a lecture at the University of Chicago in 1957.
"A Diatribe Against Science Fiction"
"The Perfect Composite Science Fiction Author"
"My Affair with Science Fiction"
Rex Stout'
Robert Helinlein
Also included:
Two unpublished prologues to The Demolished Man
A memorial to Bester by Isaac Asimov, introduced by Gregory S. Benford
Warning: One of Asimov's comments in the memorial might cause your hair to catch on fire.
Todd Mason said...
I'm not sure I managed to snag this...I will have to see what Asimov said...
I liked "Hell is Forever" better than you did (it is about hell-bound folks), but I did find a line in t I passed along to Dave Langford for his Thog column in ANSIBLE:
Thog's Masterclass. Sound Effects Dept. 'The girl squawked and sputtered. Exactly, Peel noted, like a decapitated hen.' (Alfred Bester, 'Hell is Forever', 1942) [TM]
Don Coffin said...
My primary interest in this would be for the interviews and the memorials...I suspect I have most of the Bester stories...
Basil Gogos, R. I. P.
The Original 1851 Reviews of Moby Dick
2017 Ig Nobel Prizes Awarded
Sally Quinn: By the Book
You Know You Want It
What Does It Take To Write A Hit TV Theme Song?
Harry Dean Stanton, R. I. P.
The Top Baby Names In Every State
The never-ending love for literary sequels
I'm Sure You'll All Agree
10 Epic Page-Turning Novels
Forgotten Hits: September 15th
FFB: The Iowa Baseball Confederacy -- W. P. Kinsel...
How Do Hurricanes Get Their Names?
5 Real Crimes Solved In Ways Crazier Than Anything...
I Found a Penny in the Walmart Parking Lot Last We...
Mark LaMura, R. I. P.
J.P. Donleavy, R. I. P.
A Brief History of Chocolate in the United States
Frank Vincent, R. I. P.
Indiana and Texas -- A New Relationship
A Beginner's Guide to Medieval Manuscripts
Chemo Update -- Good News/Bad News
Bonus FFB for Wednesday: Redemolished -- Richard R...
There'a Novel in this for Somebody
Chemo, Round 3
10 Books That Were Written on a Bet
Peter Hall, R. I. P.
Overlooked Movies -- Solomon Kane
Ernest Hemingway House Cats Accounted for
Voynich Manuscript Update Update
A Die Hard Christmas: The Illustrated Holiday Clas...
Michael Friedman, R. I. P.
Voynich manuscript update
Don Ohlmeyer, R. I. P.
Len Wein, R. I. P.
In 1989, Someone Tried to Murder a 600-Year-Old Oa...
10 Facts About Ralph Ellison's Invisible Man
There Are Museums For Everything
I Watched the Entire Hot Shakespeare Show So You D...
Texas Still Leads the Way
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News, Site Updates
Clouds: Searching the Galaxy Using Herschel
December 19, 2012 The Zooniverse 2 Comments
When drawing bubbles on the Milky Way Project (MWP) you’re looking at data from NASA’s Spitzer Space Telescope, which observes infrared light of various wavelengths from about 3 to 100 microns. Spitzer looks at warm and hot dust, as described above, and shows us where stars are forming and heating up their surroundings.
Now we have a new interface online: Clouds. When you look at clouds in our new game you’re seeing data from the Herschel Space Observatory, placed on top of Spitzer data. Herschel sees longer wavelengths than Spitzer and this means that it can detect colder material. Not long after Spitzer first began delivering science, it was noticed that there were lots of dark clouds visible in the data. These were thought to be dense, cold cores of material within the larger nebulae, where stars were still forming. Many of these Infrared Dark Clouds (IRDCs) are thought to house massive, young stars and may hold answers to some of the biggest questions in astronomy right now, such as how to massive stars form?
According at an SEO agency, when Herschel went into operation, these IRDCs were amongst the first objects to be observed and astronomers were immediately struck by an unexpected fact: lots of these IRDCs were not dense cores at all: they were simply ‘holes’ in the sky – including this striking example in Orion. Rather than looking into the dense core where stars were forming, Herschel actually began to reveal palces where one can see right through the Galaxy and out to the other side.
Doing this with computers is not accurate enough, and so to get a true catalogue of IRDCs, we’re asking volunteers to help by trying to identify them here on the Milky Way Project. If you see a bright glowing cloud then it is a true IRDC – if you see nothing, then it is a hole in the sky. Sometimes it is actually quite difficult to make out – but that’s okay, we’ll get lots of people to look at each core and take a vote.
Clouds launches today and we hope to get lots of eyes on the problem right away: visit http://www.milkywayproject.org and check it out.
The Andromeda Project
Almost two years ago we launched the Milky Way Project and the search for bubbles in our galaxy continues at http://www.milkywayprpject.org. Today we’re pleased to to welcome a new space-based Zooniverse project into the family. The Andromeda Project (http://www.andromedaproject.org) is science in the galaxy next-door and we thought that the MWP community might like this new project. It’s very much our new sister site. We’re betting that you can help us explore some amazing Hubble Space Telescope data, to help identifying star clusters in Andromeda.
There may be as many as 2,500 star clusters hiding in Hubble’s Andromeda images, but only 600 have been identified so far in months of searching, and star clusters tend to elude pattern-recognition software. We know it’s something that everyone can help with, even without extensive training. There are more than 10,000 images waiting at http://www.andromedaproject.org – they all come from the Panchromatic Hubble Andromeda Treasury, or PHAT for short. The goal of the PHAT survey is to map about one-third of Andromeda’s star-forming disk, through six filters spread across the electromagnetic spectrum — two ultraviolet, two visible and two infrared.
The Hubble telescope started gathering images for the treasury in 2010 and is expected to send its last batch of images back to Earth in the summer of 2013. The Andromeda Project aims to produce the largest catalog of star clusters known in any spiral galaxy.
You can also find our the Andromeda Project on Twitter @andromedaproj and on Facebook too.
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Moving Pictures for Interesting Times: NFB at Fall Festivals
By Philip Lewis
Animation, Documentary, Interactive, Production
A tonic and timely enquiry into the ongoing work-in-progress that we call democracy is among several NFB releases on the Canadian fall festival circuit that bring fresh perspectives to critical contemporary concerns. Along with an inventive crop of new animation, the fall slate features a bold and surprisingly hopeful take on the global environmental crisis and a documentary-animation hybrid that introduces new voices into the #MeToo conversation. Here are some titles to watch for in the coming months.
With demagogic nationalism and economic inequality on the rise across the globe, the question has taken on renewed urgency. Democracy is a collective experiment, an ideal we’re perpetually reaching for rather than something that’s ever actualized, director Astra Taylor posits in the opening minutes of What is Democracy? — a passionate feature-length movie essay making its North American debut at TIFF 2018.
Moving across borders and time, from the ancient Athenian Agora to a busy Miami hospital, Taylor engages with the demos itself — factory workers and doctors, refugees and school kids, all grappling with the immediate practical challenges of the democratic project — checking in regularly with prominent thinkers like Cornel West, Wendy Brown and Angela Davis.
What is Democracy? arrives in Toronto fresh off its world premiere at the Sheffield Doc/Fest where a four-star Guardian review hailed it as a “searing analysis of who’s really in control.” Taylor is no stranger at TIFF. It was here in 2005 that she launched Žižek!, her profile of iconoclastic philosopher Slavoj Žižek, returning in 2008 with Examined Life, an extraordinary cinematic ramble in the company of eight contemporary philosophers: “Thinkers in Transit, Philosophy in Motion,” said the New York Times. “When the documentary filmmaker Astra Taylor speaks of a cinema of ideas, she means it more literally than most.”
Juggling filmmaking with political organizing, Taylor was active with the Occupy movement and is one of the founding members of the Debt Collective. She’s written for The New York Times, The Guardian, The Walrus and many other publications, and her critical analysis of the Internet, The People’s Platform: Taking Back Power and Culture in the Digital Age, won an American Book Award in 2015. What is Democracy? was produced by Lea Marin and executive produced by Anita Lee at the Ontario Studio. It also screens at the Vancouver International Film Festival and Cinéfest Sudbury.
What Is Democracy? has been picked up for U.S. distribution by Zeitgeist Films who plan to open the film at New York’s IFC Center in January with views to giving the title wider domestic release.
The Girls of Meru: Sisterhood is powerful
With The Girls of Meru, making its world debut at the Atlantic International Film Festival, Halifax-based filmmaker/artist Andrea Dorfman crafts an artful and moving perspective on the issue of sexual violence. She accompanies a group of Kenyan girls over five years as they defy official indifference to systemic sexual abuse of women and girls. With support from Kenyan rights activist Mercy Chidi Baido and Canadian lawyer Fiona Sampson, they pursue an unusual legal tactic — and succeed in making history. Dorfman’s first feature Parsley Days was named by TIFF as one of Canada’s Top Ten films in 2001. Her work with NFB includes two animated shorts, the Emmy-nominated Flawed and Big Mouth, and her ‘video poem’ How to Be Alone, made in collaboration with Tanya Davis, has been viewed over eight million times on YouTube. The Girls of Meru was produced and executive produced by Annette Clarke at the Quebec and Atlantic Studio.
Metamorphosis: Proactive ‘poem for the planet’
A rarity among environmental-themed films, the feature doc Metamorphosis avoids narratives of doom, focussing instead on innovative examples of climate change mitigation, initiatives that point the way to more rational and harmonious ways of inhabiting the over-taxed little planet we call home.
“The intent of the film is to create a new narrative around climate change ― not about blame or denial, but about resilience, transformation and action,” state co-directors Nova Ami and Velcro Ripper who bill their work a “poem for the planet.”
Screening at this year’s Atlantic International Film Festival, Metamorphosis met with acclaim at Hot Docs, DOXA and festivals in Scotland, China and California and has been screening theatrically across Canada this summer. “What separates Metamorphosis from the likes of eco-scare classics An Inconvenient Truth and This Changes Everything is its poetic tone and its explanation for the psychology of climate-change denials,” says Brad Wheeler in The Globe and Mail. “A proactive film about climate change,” says Now Magazine. Metamorphosis was produced by Lauren Grant (Clique Pictures), Nova Ami and Velcrow Ripper (Transparent Film) and Bonnie Thompson and David Christensen (NFB). Executive producers are David Christensen (NFB North West Studio) and John Bain.
The Song and the Sorrow
Gene MacLellan was a shining light on Canada’s music scene — a singer/ songwriter whose work had been performed by Anne Murray, Elvis Presley, Joan Baez and others. And then in 1995 he took his own life.
Among those left to mourn and wonder why was his 14-year-old daughter Catherine. Over twenty years later, now an accomplished Juno-winning musician herself, she confronts her father’s demons and embraces his artistic legacy in The Song and the Sorrow, a 45-minute doc by Millefiore Clarkes that premieres at the AIFF.
“I’ve always been interested in the relationship between artistic expression and sorrow,” says Clarkes, who has collaborated with MacLellan on Stealin’ and other award-winning music videos. “I have had some of my most earnest — perhaps purest — outpourings of artistic expression in times of personal pain and loss. I know I’m not alone in that experience. I wanted to explore that connection.”
Clarkes’ credits include the feature doc Stalking Love and NFB shorts Blue Rodeo: On the Road and Island Green. Her impressionistic short December in Toronto was a Vimeo Staff Pick screened at the 2012 Vimeo Film Festival + Awards. The Song and the Sorrow was produced by Rohan Fernando and Paul McNeill at the Quebec and Atlantic Studio. Executive producer is Annette Clarke.
Snow Warrior Gets Hometown Premiere
An affectionate tribute to Edmonton’s bike couriers – a hardy breed plying their trade on the streets of one of planet’s coldest cities – gets a hometown premiere at the Edmonton International Film Festival. Co-directed Frederick Kroetsch and Kurt Spenrath, Snow Warrior was inventively photographed with superlight digital cameras by cinematographer aAron Munson. Co-produced by the North West Studio (Bonnie Thompson, producer) and Open Sky Pictures (Frederick Kroetsch, producer). Executive Producer is David Christensen.
Celebrated animation from Patrick Bouchard and Snowden & Fine
Joining What is Democracy? at TIFF this year is a pair of celebrated animated shorts: Animal Behaviour, a hilarious spoof of therapy culture from the Oscar-winning team of Alison Snowden and David Fine, which recently won the Grand Prix at Rio de Janeiro’s Anima Mundi, positioning it as an Oscar contender; and Le Sujet, a disquieting and intensely moving short by stop-motion master Patrick Bouchard — the only Canadian film programmed at Cannes this spring. Animal Behaviour was produced by Michael Fukushima, and Le Sujet was produced by Julie Roy.
Both titles are part of an impressive nine-title NFB line-up at this year’s Ottawa International Animation Festival. Making its world debut in Ottawa is Turbine, an impeccable hand-drawn animation from Bulgarian-born Alex Boya in which a fighter pilot returns home to a dystopian techno soap opera. Produced by Jelena Popović and executive produced by Michael Fukushima.
New work from Hothouse Alumni
Boya is one of several alumni of Hothouse, the NFB’s prestigious animation mentorship program, who are launching new work this fall. With Caterpillarplasty, getting its North American debut in Ottawa, David Barlow-Krelina, another former Hothouser, has crafted a grotesquely captivating tale of body modification, a marvel of 3D animation that won Special Mention at the Oberhausen Short Film Festival. Produced by Jelena Popović and executive produced by Michael Fukushima. Caterpillarplasty, Turbine, Le Sujet and Animal Behaviour go on to subsequent screenings at VIFF.
Also making North American premieres in Ottawa are the UK/Canada co-production I’m OK, in which Elizabeth Hobbs, inspired by the aesthetics of expressionism, evokes the turbulent life of artist Oskar Kokoschka, and the France/Canada co-production Étreintes (Embraced), whereby Justine Vuylsteker works magic with a recently restored model of the famous Alexeieff/Parker pinscreen. I’m OK was co-produced by Elizabeth Hobbs, Animate Projects (Abigail Addison, producer; Gary Thomas, executive producer) and the NFB (Jelena Popović, producer; Michael Fukushima, executive producer), and Étreintes (Embraced) was co-produced by Offshore Productions (Rafael Andrea Soatto, Fabrice Préel-Cléach and Emmanuelle Latourrette, producers) and the NFB (Julie Roy, producer).
Ancient lunar rituals & VR dance parties
With Deyzangeroo, also screening at the OIAF, Iranian-born animator Ehsan Gharib employs mixed media and original music by Habib Meftah Bousherhri to explore rituals associated with a lunar eclipse. “There are still forces out there that frighten us, that we can’t quite understand with our intellect,” says Gharib whose film won the Golden Dove for Best Animated Short at DOK Leipzig 2017. Produced by Maral Mohammadian and executive producer by Michael Fukushima.
Rounding out the NFB presence in Ottawa are two projects showcased in the Virtual Reality competition. With Dream, Philippe Lambert invites users to navigate animated dreamscapes generated by other participant/users and artists Caroline Robert and Vincent Lambert. The project premiered in its first iteration at the IDFA DocLab in 2016. And with The Museum of Symmetry, yet another Hothouse alumna Paloma Dawkins imports hand-drawn 2D animation into a VR environment — and throws an infectious VR dance party. “There are no rules here. Just enjoy!.” Dream was created by Philippe Lambert, with Édouard Lanctôt-Benoit, Vincent Lambert and Caroline Robert, produced by Marie-Pier Gauthier and executive-produced by Hugues Sweeney. Museum of Symmetry was produced by Maral Mohammadian and executive produced by Michael Fukushima.
Hart Snider goes back to school
With Shop Class, screening at the Calgary International Film Festival, the talented Vancouver-based writer/animator Hart Snider returns to the creative terrain that gave birth to his 2011 short The Basketball Game, winner of the Best Animated Film at the ViewFinders Film Festival. Drawing from personal experience, he crafts a comic and thoughtful riff on adolescence, masculinity and the terrors of high school. Snider also works as story writer/editor and his credits include I Am Heath Ledger, the National Geographic series Facing, and the newly released NFB feature doc That Higher Level. Produced and executive produced by Shirley Vercruysse at the BC & Yukon Studio.
In addition to Metamorphosis, a number of other acclaimed recent releases are also being showcased at Canada’s fall festivals. Holy Angels, Jay Cardinal’s lyrical and redemptive short on the legacy of residential schooling, premiered at ImagineNATIVE 2017, taking home a pair of awards from the Yorkton Film Festival; and Christy Garland’s feature doc What Walaa Wants got its world premiere at the Berlinale in February, going on to win a Special Jury Prize at Hot Docs. Both titles appear on VIFF’s 2018 program, with Angels going on to dates at the Edmonton International Festival, which has also programmed Threads, the latest elegant opus from Oscar-winning animator Torill Kove.
Making a return appearance at both AIFF and the Calgary International Film Festival is Laura Marie Wayne’s Love Scott, an intensely personal reflection on homophobia that’s been circulating widely on the international LGBTQ festival circuit following its Hot Docs debut this spring. Love, Scott and What Walaa Wants also screen at this year’s St. John’s International Women’s Film Festival, alongside Threads, Asinnajaq’s archival-based short Three Thousand, Keyu Chen’s digitally drawn animation Winds of Spring, and Alexandra Lemay’s stop-motion sit-com Freak of Nurture.
Finally, as part of the 35th anniversary of DOC (the Documentary Organization of Canada), AIFF is mounting a special screening of John Walker’s award-winning 2003 doc Men of the Deeps, a portrait of Cape Breton’s coal miners built around stirring vocal performances from the choral ensemble of the same name.
Festival screening information:
Toronto International Film Festival, Sept 6 to 16: tiff.net/
Atlantic International Film Festival, Sept 13 to 20: www.finfestival.ca/
Cinéfest Sudbury: Sept 15 to 23: www.cinefest.com/en/
Calgary International Film Festival, Sept 19 to 30: www.calgaryfilm.com
Ottawa International Animation Festival, Sept 26 to 30: www.animationfestival.ca
Edmonton International Film Festival, Sept 27 to Oct 6: www.edmontonfilmfest.com
Vancouver International Film Festival, Sept 27 to Oct 12: https://viff.org/
St. John’s International Women’s Film Festival, Oct 17 to 21: www.womensfilmfestival.com
Alex Boya | Alison Snowden and David Fine | Andrea Dorfman | Animal Behaviour | Animation Studio | Annette Clarke | Astra Taylor | Atlantic Film Festival | Atlantic-Quebec Studio | Baljit Sangra | BC & Yukon Studio | Because We Are Girls | Bonnie Thompson | Calgary International Film Festival | Caterpillarplasty | Catherine MacLellan | Christy Garland | Cinefest Sudbury | Cornell West | David Barlow Krelina | David Christensen | Edmonton International Film Festival | Elizabeth Hobbs | Etreintes | film festivals | Fiona Sampson | Frederick Kroetsch | Gene MacLellan | Hart Snider | Holy Angels | Hot Docs | Hothouse | I'm OK | Jay Cardinal Villeneuve | Jelena Popovic | John Walker | Julie Roy | Justine Vuylsteker | Kurt Spenrath | Le sujet | Lea Marin | Love Scott | Maral Mohammadian | Mercy Chidi Baido | metamorphosis | Michael Fukushima | Museum of Symmetry | National Film Board of Canada | North West Studio | Nova Ami | Ontario Studio | Ottawa International Animation Festival | Paloma Dawkins | Patrick Bouchard | Paul McNeill | Rohan Fernando | Selwyn Jacob | Shirley Vercruysse | Shop Class | Snow Warrior | St John's International Women's Film Festival | The Girl of Meru | The Song and The Sorrow | Threads | TIFF | Torill Kove | Turbine | Vancouver International Film Festival | Velcrow Ripper | VIFF | What is Democracy? | What Walaa Wants
The Best of NFB Education 2019
We’ve had the honour of adding a plethora of films and interactive projects to our CAMPUS collection. Enjoy the Best of NFB Education 2019!
Education | December 16, 2019
The Most-Watched NFB CAMPUS Films of 2019
Enjoy the 10 most-watched NFB CAMPUS films of 2019! They also include any resource guides, mini-lessons, and blog posts we made along the way!
Education | December 9, 2019
Queer Life 50 Years After Bill C-150
50 years after Bill C-150, five LGBTQ2+ artists reflect on contemporary queer life.
Production | November 13, 2019
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Ripe for development: Building better housing statistics for the UK
Iain Bell
Few issues are more important than housing. Now statisticians from across government have begun a new initiative to bring harmony and coherence to figures currently published by more than seven different departments and public bodies. As Iain Bell explains, the new approach is designed to put the needs of users first.
Statistics on housing are vital for the UK. Are we building enough houses to sustain our growing population? Is housing affordable and how does this compare across areas? Can I afford a home locally? All are major questions for policy makers, the housing sector and private citizens.
Housing policy is devolved across the four nations of the UK. Over recent years, statisticians in each country have been leading developments which have had significant benefits for users, for example:
In Scotland, access to data has been improved through the provision of data on the Scottish Government open data website. Statistical publications have been brought to life with the use of infographics and greater emphasis placed on providing commentary on sub-national results and comparisons. Collection of record level homelessness data, along with a data linkage project involving 1.3 million records, is leading to new insightful analysis on the relationship between health and homelessness and experiences of people in temporary accommodation.
In Wales, the commencement of the Housing Conditions Evidence Programme has enabled the first Welsh Housing Condition Survey in nine years, alongside development of linked administrative data about housing stock. This will provide improved evidence on housing conditions, energy efficiency and fuel poverty to enable better policy-making decisions and targeting of resources to help home owners and tenants.
In England, the English Private Landlord Survey has been launched to provide more detailed information on landlords’ circumstances, properties, tenants, and the possible impact of legislative and policy changes. There has also been extensive provision of open data via the Open Data Communities platform, allowing users to link and interact with housing data.
In Northern Ireland, the suite of housing statistics publications has been improved in line with user needs and best practice on dissemination, introducing infographics to improve presentation and aid understanding, while retaining all key information.
Coherent framework
How does this all fit together though? Many users cannot quickly and easily answer the questions they have. Statistics on housing are published by 7 different Departments plus various other Government Arms Length Bodies, on numerous different websites. There is no coherent framework which sets out the concepts we are measuring or how we consistently measure them. Definitional differences between different estimates make cross-country comparisons harder.
The Office for Statistics Regulation highlighted there were problems with housing statistics. Our work programme picks up that challenge and goes beyond it. Statisticians working on housing statistics from across government have come together to steer a programme of work to meet these demands. There are five key areas we are taking forward:
We will improve coherence by developing a common framework for measuring the housing landscape. We will develop UK-based analysis to provide insight on topics of user interest.
We will improve quality and coverage of existing statistics: researching new ways and data to improve quality and fill gaps where we currently have limited official statistics.
We will harmonise the data definitions used, where feasible and where there is a clear user need, taking into account costs and potential burden. Where this is not possible, we will improve transparency or provide information to allow across UK comparisons.
We will improve data accessibility by addressing the lack of a single entry point to across government statistics generally, building on the open data initiatives in individual countries, and working with external partners.
We will put all users at the heart of the system. Our User Engagement will focus on topics of interest across the UK. This will help in deciding priorities and allocating resources as part of our plans to meet the wide range of needs.
This work plan sets out the high level timetable and we will update with more detail over the coming months as we develop the work plan more.
I recognise that others may also have expertise to bring to this programme and will work with all parties interested in improving the evidence base on housing.
Iain Bell is Deputy National Statistician for Population and Public Policy
Tags: Housing
Population projections suggest future growth concentrated in London and the South
Solid foundations: how ONS has transformed its construction statistics
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How Long Before the Safe Harbor, Article 230, Falls? (Update)
A maxim that was taught when I went to law school long ago was that the law can’t provide a remedy for every wrong man can conceive. That was back when we were allowed to say things like “man,” without anyone pretending to choke. Except that one weird kid in the back of the room who seemed to find offense in places no one else did.
The point was that people seemed to always manage to come up with some variation on a theme of harm that nobody anticipated, nobody thought possible, and for which there was no law, whether criminal or civil, that applied. “Why not?,” budding lawyers demanded of the professor. “Why shouldn’t the law prohibit this awfulness?”
To make a long explanation short, it’s because the law is an imperfect weapon. It requires a scalpel, but often ends up as a bludgeon. When we begin with a specific evil we seek to eradicate, words are written to smite it. The same words, however, cover conduct never meant to be included. Examples of this abound recently with children thrown out of schools for biting a Pop-Tart into gun shape, or making a finger-gun. Most agree this is nuts, but they should have seen this coming before crafting the prohibitions that gave rise to the insanity.
Yet, we never seem to learn. George Santayana’s admonition comes to mind, just as it does every time we ignored it in the past, and no doubt will in the future.
But there is a secondary problem, hidden behind the obvious bludgeon, revealed by this New York Times editorial:
Revenge porn is one of those things that sounds as if it must be illegal but actually isn’t. It’s the term of art for publishing sexual photos of someone without his or her — usually her — permission, often after a breakup.
Consider Holly Jacobs, founder of the Cyber Civil Rights Initiative, who exchanged intimate pictures with a boyfriend while in graduate school. When the relationship ended he started posting them online. She sought help from law enforcement, but the police said she didn’t have a case because she was over 18 when the pictures were taken, and they were her ex-boyfriend’s property.
Having written about this at length already, this comes as nothing new. There is a law being proposed to criminalize revenge porn. It’s being called a scalpel, but it’s not, and anyone who says so is a misogynist. Just like anyone who disapproved of the gun prohibition in schools that compelled the expulsion of a child who made an imaginary finger-gun is a child-hater.
But don’t fall into the other side of the dark hole, blaming Holly Jacobs for being foolish to send out naked seflies. People do stupid things. They do them all the time. It doesn’t make them evil, just stupid. Just like the angry woman who catches her boyfriend in bed with another and, in a fit of well-deserved pique, posts his intimate picture on the internet to warn other women that he’s a lying, cheating philanderer. Stupid too. But should it be criminal?
That’s one, and only one, of the questions begged by the hyping of law to cure the “plague” of revenge porn, because there is nothing in the law to limit it to revenge porn. That’s just the marketing pitch, tie it to the most disgusting thing available and hope no one sees beyond it. Remember, this is directly tied to Cyber Civil Rights, as Danielle Citron makes proudly clear, and its goal is well established.
The New York Times makes a critical point about the next corner to be turned:
Neither current nor proposed state laws are likely to have an effect on the Web sites that make the explicit images available to the prurient public, because they can claim protection under the Communications Decency Act. Section 230 of that statute has been interpreted by courts to shield sites that host third-party content from liability, unless that content, like child pornography, violates federal law. (Or unless sites cross the line from aggregators to co-creators of the material in question.)
See what they did there? They’re correct, that the laws being hyped, while rife with the potential for abuse, won’t actually “get” the people they most hate. Revenge porn purveyor Hunter Moore won’t be touched, as he’s protected by the safe harbor provisions of Article 230. So let’s start screwing with Article 230 to get the really bad dudes. Why shield these horrible people?
Because the same law that shields them shields me, and every other blogger, and every website that allows comments, and Reddit, and every other website that allows anyone to post anything on the internet. Without the safe harbor, there will be no free speech on the internet. Here’s reality, I’m not losing my shirt because of your comment. Neither is the New York Times, though its editorial eyes are clouded by the same conflicted desire for a perfect world that lets them see only the low-hanging fruit without grasping that they will kill the tree by plucking it.
The Cyber Civil Rights notion is that women are subject to cruel, hateful verbal attacks on the internet in comments. Citron wants to gut speech:
Prof. Citron begins her remedies discussion with the suggestion that ISPs be stripped of § 230 immunity for postings by others, in the hopes that this will force them to police their customers. She proposes that they be subject to distributor liability – that we move to the takedown regime we have come to know and love under the DMCA.
Why? Because internet speech is “dominated by aggressive bullies, nasty haters and monetizing opportunists,” all of whom chill the speech of women. This “silences” women because they fear posting anything because of the response, calling them mean names, threatening them with harm, posting their pictures online. The goal is to eliminate speech they deem hurtful to women.
It’s not just about revenge porn. It’s not just about threats of physical violence that manifest in real world conduct, which is already illegal. It’s about making the internet a safe place for women’s feelings, and making anyone who posts words that violate the sanctity of feelings, and anyone who allows those posts to see daylight, criminals for doing so.
Cut to the quick, the point is to create a categorical exception to the First Amendment to the Constitution prohibiting speech that hurts a woman’s feelings. They will deny it, but that’s the end game. This is how the slide down the slope is being played, and anyone with even a tiny bit of foresight can see where the battles will be fought until the war is won. If you’re good with this, then support these initiatives.
If, after realizing where all of this is heading, you aren’t comfortable with the sanitization of the internet so no woman’s feelings are hurt, then stop this before we slide down the slope to silence. Even if you despise revenge porn, as most rational people do, consider whether you’re good with what this will ultimately do.
The law can’t provide a remedy for every wrong man can conceive.
Defying this maxim has had dire consequences in the past. It will be the same this time. And next time. Now, before the damage is done, is when we need to put a stop to the madness. Not after we come to the realization that this was how internet speech came to die.
Update: At Concurring Opinions, Danielle Citron has posted a lengthy argument in an effort to address the glaring hole left behind by Mary Anne Franks in her nasty and dishonest attempt to smear her antagonists. She adds a new wrinkle to the argument, that perhaps the solution to the Anthony Weiner failure of Franks’ model law is to carve out an exception for public figures, which may actually resolve, at least to some extent, that aspect of the problem. Clearly, Citron offers a far more formidable intellectual perspective than her more impetuous colleague.
But it’s not entirely persuasive either. First, there is a reliance on Eugene Volokh’s “I think it’s possible” statement when it comes to drafting a law that’s sufficiently narrow as to only catch the evil-doers without silencing others as well, and the actual creation of such a law. Citron overstates her case when she suggests that Eugene approves of Franks’ model law. He may, but he hasn’t yet as far as I’m aware.
Then again, it’s also fascinating that Citron elevates Eugene to the Supreme Court, as if his one sentence changes the face of the First Amendment. Given Eugene’s libertarian bent, does this mean the she adopts everything Eugene has to say, like his embrace of Citizens United? I suspect Citron wants to shut her eyes very tight so she can cherry pick.
But then she draws a bizarre analogy between Snyder v. Phelps and revenge porn, leaping over the gap between the two in a single bound.
We can only speculate what the Court actually meant, but the sharp distinction between the church’s protest and the non-consensual posting of sexually explicit images is not. That online users can claim a prurient interest in viewing private sexual activity does not transform a sexually implicit image into a matter of legitimate public concern. Much like the sex videos that the majority referred to in Snyder, a sexually explicit image of a private individual involves expression on purely private matters that should receive less rigorous First Amendment protection.
No, you didn’t miss anything. Logical connections are for the non-believers.
And finally, Citron notes with approval the success of suits for infliction of emotional distress against people who caused harm by posting revenge porn. There you go! So there is a means by which rights can be vindicated without resort to creating a new crime to criminalize speech. Even Danielle Citron says so.
This entry was posted in Uncategorized on October 13, 2013 by SHG.
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19 thoughts on “How Long Before the Safe Harbor, Article 230, Falls? (Update)”
I suspect that the Drafters of the Constitution would have found the publication of naked women’s bodies – with or without their consent – not political speech, even if it can be argued that it’s the so-called “political speech” of the harasser, the stalker, the jerk. So it’s problematic to invoke the First Amendment when legislative bodies are pushed to rein in sociopathic behavior.
SHG Post author October 13, 2013 at 8:27 am
I suspect the drafters of the Constitution were far tougher, and had a far greater appreciation of free speech, than you suspect. You reveal a bit of a myopic grasp when you characterize the target as “the harasser, the stalker, the jerk.” Should any law prohibiting speech include a provision that says “this law is limited to only those people some guy named Bob on the internet thinks is a harasser, stalker or jerk?” That might work for you, but then, what if you and Danielle, or Mary Anne, or Holly disagree? After all, they might think Bob is a jerk, and then you, Bob, get silenced. Or go to jail.
As arguments go, inventing normative suspicions, imputing them to the drafters of the Constitution, and then relying on them to conclude it’s problematic and that the only people who would be affected as sociopaths, isn’t particularly sound. In fact, it’s pretty damn poor unless one is so blind and foolish that he can’t see anything beyond self-absorbed emotion. Of course, that’s pretty much the status of the advocates of these laws.
Jim Majkowski October 13, 2013 at 8:29 am
The late Bob Bork tried, and failed, to come up with “neutral principles” for the 1st Amendment, and further tried to restrict its scope to “political” speech. He only demonstrated why the amendment was and remains a good idea. As for the use of the words “harasser, stalker, jerk, and sociopathic,” those are conclusions, not arguments. Finally, society’s disapproval of “harassers, stalkers, jerks, and sociopaths” is not constrained by the Constitution. Mores can sometimes be better restraints than statutes.
Perhaps the saddest part of this issue is not that young people send out nude images of themselves, or that others post them to the internet without thinking about the consequences, but that websites like revenge porn have an audience. If they didn’t, none of this would matter. A “tree falling in the woods when no one is there” sort of thing. That there are people who want to see naked pictures is one thing, but there is no shortage of porn online.
Much of this reflects societal mores in a way that speaks poorly of people. What the Cyber Civil Rights advocates conveniently ignore is that the first people to stand up against revenge porn, to name and shame, have been the people who are vehemently against their efforts to silence the internet. See Randazza. See Popehat. See Masnick. See Anonymous.
Yet, these are also free speech advocates, and therefore despised by the Franks and Citrons because they don’t support the Cyber Civil Rights agenda of eliminating all speech that hurts women’s feelings.
Bruce Coulson October 13, 2013 at 11:23 pm
Somehow, I can’t imagine Ben Franklin being shocked, horrified, or wanting to prevent the dissemination of naked female images.
Although I’m sure that he would have some pithy things to say about men who somehow think ‘revenge porn’ is a proper response to being rejected by a woman. Probably along the lines that after being sprayed by a skunk, wallowing in the corpse does not make you more attractive to others.
David Sugerman October 13, 2013 at 10:12 am
To a carpenter, every problem is solvable with hammer and nail. No doubt that colors the analysis for all. I have long assumed that the problem of revenge porn could be solved by a properly drawn statute. Obviously a bit naive. Using carpenter logic, I have also long wondered why the victims of revenge porn are not using privacy torts and other common law claims (intentional infliction of emotional distress). If the problem is civil immunity–a favorite of so-called conservatives, the people at Overlawyered, and Koch bros–then part of the answer lies in stripping out immunity. That is a far better approach than criminalizing. The obvious problem with common law remedies (besides immunity) is the inability to reach republication. But if immunity is not a bar, a poster is not relieved of the consequences of misconduct.
SHG Post author October 13, 2013 at 10:38 am
Many people have a list of horribles they deem so bad, so evil, that it warrants breaching civil immunity. This raises two problems: First, the lists tend to be very different, each having his or her own dragon to slay, and while each of us believes his own list is sound, we don’t tend to think as well of the other guy’s list.
Second, once civil immunity is breached, it’s thereafter breachable, and then it’s breachable for whatever purpose the group in power decides. When the people in power support your view, then life is good. When it’s the other people, then they’re the destroying civil rights. We can’t have it both ways.
UltravioletAdmin October 13, 2013 at 11:29 am
Touching 230 immunity is something that fortunately deeper pockets than you or me will defend. Without 230 immunity, Google is doomed, facebook is doomed, craigslist, Amazon, Microsoft, Sony, Apple etc.
Even posting a review or a blog comment could lead to prosecution under state defamation laws.
To quote Frank Zappa, they’re suggesting treating dandruff by decapitation.
SHG Post author October 13, 2013 at 12:23 pm
Did you mean Facebook.gov?
(And I’m a sucker for Zappa quotes.)
Jim Tyre October 13, 2013 at 11:43 am
230 has been under attack from various quarters since some of the earliest cases construing it. But a “solution” for revenge porn is hardly the only current effort to attack it. When enacted, 230 had (and still has) four specific carve outs. One is 230 (e)(1):
“(1) No effect on criminal law
Nothing in this section shall be construed to impair the enforcement of section 223 or 231 of this title, chapter 71 (relating to obscenity) or 110 (relating to sexual exploitation of children) of title 18, or any other Federal criminal statute.”
This summer, 49 of the 50 State Attorneys General began a campaign to have Congress amend that carve out by adding two words – after “Federal,” add “or State.”
230 is perhaps the most enlightened Internet-related law Congress has ever passed, and it knew exactly what it was doing when it did so. (I can’t post links, but it’s clear that Congress made a very specific public policy decision to treat Internet speech differently than other speech.) As Scott notes, everybody has their list, but everyone has different lists. If 230 gets amended once, whether for revenge porn or State criminal laws, it becomes so much easier to amend it again, to account for other alleged horribles. There are many good reasons not to touch 230. At least to me, no one has made a good case to amend 230, whether for revenge porn or any other item on some list.
50+ jurisdictions all creating their own flavor of exceptions at will? What could possibly go wrong?
REvers October 13, 2013 at 5:50 pm
Surely, we can trust prosecutors to exercise sound discretion in this area.
Nigel Declan October 14, 2013 at 4:27 am
What makes the whole thing that much worse, in my opinion, is that even if the Danielle Cintrons and Mare Anne Franks of this world somehow succeeded in getting what they wanted, that would merely empower them to ask for more. This isn’t about protecting rights; it’s about asserting power. Power over the government, power over the internet, power over people (read: men) who say things that they don’t like and who challenge their world view. They are worse than the metaphorical carpenters who only see problems as nails: they are carpenters who care more about telling the other builders that they (the other builders) are doing their jobs wrong than (the bossy carpenters) actually hammering any nails, because actually doing real labour is beneath them.
These non-practicing lawprofs and activists see the world before them purely through the lens of their single issue and the world as nothing other than those who worship at their ideological altars or those complicit in the evil of which they seek to rid the world (an image which for some reason reminds me of Ayn Rand, yet I digress). They decry bullying because they are not the ones doing it — if anyone should be shouting down speech on the internet and name-calling, it should be their enlightened selves and their proteges. The only thing remotely “narrowly tailored” about their proposed speech exceptions is the list of who should be allowed to control the valve of internet speech. I guess they figure (with some reason, I concede) that the easiest way for them to try to dominate the internet’s marketplace of ideas “dominated by aggressive bullies, nasty haters and monetizing opportunists,” is for them to try and sucker in the Mother of All Bullies, the Government, to do their fighting for them.
Ultraviolet admin October 14, 2013 at 2:05 pm
While I agree such a policy is over-broad, I feel like attacking feminism (or some strawperson view of feminism or a mens right or etc) is the worst possible tactic as it makes it look like a political fight and feeds into preconceptions people have about the sides.
Rather the bigger thing is to speak and think about the flaws, like modifying 230 makes the internet libel for 50 different defamation laws. Many, that if they go to appeal, would be found unconstitutional, but require years of appeals. Revenge Porn is unsavory, and perhaps criminal laws are appropriate, but the laws to forbid it need to be extremely carefully crafted, else anyone with a server could be a potential defendant.
SHG Post author October 14, 2013 at 2:13 pm
I tend to agree with you that attacking feminism (or whatever flavor is involved) is a tactical mistake, as it makes some people uncomfortable and allows simplistic people to pigeonhole you regardless of substance. But it presents a problem that was glaringly apparent when Ann Bartow, who was the loudest mouth at Feminist Law Professors, used to toss accusations of sexism at anybody and everybody (including other feminists who didn’t agree with her brand) who questioned her. The prawfs would cower in the corner, while she could do anything she pleased.
It was then that I decided that letting such insanity thrive was an even greater tactical error, as it let the loudest and most abusive person in the room control discourse. So, let them call me sexist and misogynist. So what? As a tactical matter, they will not dictate the nature of discourse by accusations. Nothing is off the table, and if that puts us at risk of a disadvantage of being called names, maybe that’s the price we have to pay for not letting fear of any epithet shut free speech down.
Joe Pullen October 15, 2013 at 9:31 pm
I hate revenge porn and I hate what it does to it’s victims but it’s not an excuse to pass bad law. Creating the possibility of inflicting collateral damage on the innocent to get the guilty is never the right approach. There are other ways for revenge porn victims to get justice and I don’t believe attempts to alter 230 are the right approach.
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cthulhu on Sokolow’s Astute Observations On The Failure of Title IX
Kevin on Sokolow’s Astute Observations On The Failure of Title IX
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Art for BAM
Matthew Ritchie, Terce, 2012
For the past eight years, over 700 artists have donated works to be auctioned off in the BAMart Silent Auction to support BAM. These generous artists of various ages come from all places and work in many media; many are from right here in Brooklyn and have longstanding connections to BAM. This year over 100 more artists have joined us for this great cause and fun event, and you still have the chance to bid! But don’t wait, bidding ends Sunday, April 22, at 6pm EST!
This year our auction partner, Paddle8, created editorial content that delved deeply into our archives to highlight artists who have appeared on BAM stages and whose work currently can be bid on in the silent auction. These include Andy Warhol, whose Silver Clouds appeared on stage with the Merce Cunningham Dance Company’s RainForest, South African William Kentridge, whose Magic Flute had its US premiere at BAM in 2007, and Matthew Ritchie whose work appeared along side Bryce and Aaron Dessner of the National and Kim and Kelley Deal of the Breeders in The Long Count (2009). These incredible works by well-known and highly collectable artists are valued at well over $10,000 each, so we thought we’d highlight some more affordable alternatives by artists who call the borough of Brooklyn home.
Matt Saunders, Hertha Tiele (Stripes) #2, 2008
Matt Saunders, Hertha Tiele (Don Juan), 2008
If you like Warhol’s Polaroid portraits, have a look at the work of Matt Saunders. Saunders donated three small, silver gelatin prints depicting portraits of Hertha Thiele, a German actress noted for her starring roles in controversial stage plays and films produced during Germany's Weimar Republic. Could be perfect work for a diehard fan of BAMcinématek, too!
Laleh Khorramian, the empty stage of sophie and goya , 2005
Check out the ink drawings by Laleh Khorramian if you prefer the bold, gestural work of an artist like William Kentridge. Born in Tehran, Khorramian lives and works in Brooklyn, and like Kentridge, uses drawing and animation as a part of her practice. In this small, beautiful work, titled the empty stage of sophie and goya, we look out into the balconies of a theater, a common theme in her work, and something very fitting for an auction taking place in the lobby outside BAM’s Howard Gilman Opera House.
Leif Ritchey, Sundance, 2011
If Matthew Ritchie is more your style, why not check out Leif Ritchey. With similar names, but no relation, and similar palettes in both these works—lush yellows with touches of blue—you can see Ritchey’s work in the group show New Traditionalists at Chelsea’s Martos Gallery alongside the wonderful B. Wurtz.
And if none of these are for you, but you still want to get your hands on some art by up and coming Brooklyn-based artists, check out the works by Eric Benson, Chris Gartrell, Sarah Greenberger Rafferty, Ryan James MacFarland, and Mariah Robertson.There's something for everyone.
—David Harper, BAMart Curator
Labels: 150, Andy Warhol, art, BAMart Silent Auction, events, Laleh Khorramian, Leif Ritchey, Matt Saunders, Matthew Ritchie, Paddle8, William Kentridge
BAM150—Boiling Down BAM's 150 Years on Film
The Many Faces of Jonathan Pryce
BAM 150th Anniversary Gala
Caroline Creaghead on Get It Out There
BAM Iconic Artist: Bill T. Jones
Happy Birthday, Merce Cunningham!
Tonight! The BAM 150th Anniversary Gala!
Sweet Enough to Eat: CandyBAM
Being Shakespeare Opening Night Reception
Free Download: Cornelius Dufallo and Patrick Deriv...
Hey, did you find my underwear in the balcony? The...
Westward, Ho! BAM expands with MAM
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tech-innovation
The Roof Deck at Bell Works: Open to the Public
Jul 30, 2019 10:57:54 AM by Leave a Comment
The naysayers may already be complaining that summer is practically over, but at Bell Works, the season of sun is just getting started. The recent Red, White & BOOM – the third annual metroburb fireworks display — was just the beginning of the fun ways to take advantage of the hot summer weather at the metroburb.
And while we all know that the views inside Bell Works are inspiring, and with that soaring glass ceiling it can sometimes feel like you’re outdoors, the roof deck offers a true al fresco experience. The roof deck brings the iconic space to a new level (literally) and adds a sleek signature element to the building design. Overlooking Zen Lake and with a birds eye view of the surrounding campus, the roof deck is another unique amenity available exclusively at Bell Works—and it’s not just a place to grab a moment to sit quietly (although we totally recommend doing that, too).
The roof deck at Bell Works - leveling up an already iconic space - is open daily for lunching, meeting and just relaxing. Designed and styled by our Creative Team at NPZ Style + Dècor.
Since it’s open to the public, the deck is a true community space, providing unique gathering areas for anyone visiting the Works— think book clubs, Mommy ‘n’ Me playdates, anyone looking for a one-of-a-kind place to meet, mingle or make some small talk. Pack a picnic and grab a table for lunch with friends (even better, don’t pack anything and pick up lunch at Bell Market, The Hummus & Pita Co. or Estrella Azul, just a couple of the grab-n-go restaurants here).
On summer days, sitting at a desk inside can seem stifling, and even grossly unfair. Studies have shown (Seriously. Here’s the link if your boss doesn’t believe you) that to be satisfied and productive at work, you need changes in air, temperature, and scenery. Luckily for you, that kind of meaningful stimulation is easily accessible at the roof deck. So, office workers — onsite, offsite, work from home — bring your laptop to the deck, stay connected via WiFi, and take important calls while you also take in the view.
Whether you’re seeking privacy, a place for an al-fresco meeting, or just need to soak up the sun for a couple of minutes, the roof deck offers plenty of options. Catch up on the morning’s email at an umbrella-covered table, relax with a coffee taking in the view, or play a quick game of cornhole — whatever kind of escape you are looking for, the Bell Works roof deck provides it.
Whether you’re seeking privacy, a place for an al-fresco meeting, or just need to soak up the sun for a couple of minutes, the roof deck offers plenty of options.
And if you’re wanting to add some “workout” to your work, join our monthly “Fitness with the Works.” Usually held indoors, this fitness event headed outside to the deck first at our Summer Solstice summer kickoff party on Thurs., June 20 with NYC dance choreographer Tootsie Olan and then again on Wed., July 24 for a complimentary class with The Bar Method, located here in the metroburb.
Or if relaxing is more your scene, come for lunch and stay for happy hour at Sol Bar, a new pop-up bar serving alcohol, soft drinks, and food. Sol Bar is open on the roof deck from 4:30 - 8:30 p.m. on Thursdays through Aug. 15. Owned by Anthony and Melissa Imperiale, who also run Bell Works' restaurants, Estrella Azul and Mezza Luna, the bar is part of the Bell Works’ "Summer with the Works" happy hour series. Sol Bar is offering seasonal fare —think burgers, hot dogs, pasta salad and watermelon salad — and drinks like beer, hard seltzer, wine, sangria and margaritas.
The nice weather is finally here! Take advantage of it as long — and as often — as you can. From fitness and fireworks to happy hours and live music, the roof deck at Bell Works is where to celebrate summer.
Filed Under: Covered Events & Happenings, Tech & Innovation, Arts & Culture, Work Inspired
Is Bell Works Open to the Public? Yes, Come for a Walk Around the Block
Jun 24, 2019 10:56:20 AM by Leave a Comment
Holmdel resident Peter Pessutti is a Bell Works regular. You’ll find him at Honeybell Bakery for coffee every Tuesday. And at the Holmdel Library & Learning Center checking out a couple of books. He might even do some laps with his wife Cheri, whom you may have seen getting her steps in for the day by walking the atrium.
“It’s such a great addition to the whole community, bringing this downtown concept, which Holmdel never had, bringing it to life,” Peter added. “The shops, the restaurants, the library, it’s just a fantastic resource for the community.”
“It’s just a fantastic resource for the community. It’s a town center, which is wonderful.” - Bell Works regular, Peter Pessutti
The serendipity of a city under one roof
Peter and Cheri love the food and the library and the downtown feel, and of course the quarter mile length of The Block for getting in daily exercise - no matter the weather.
Husband and wife Wally and Nancy Memmer agree. Wally is no stranger to the building. He worked as a software engineer for Bell Labs over 30 years ago, and worked in the Bell Labs Holmdel location for three months. Less than a year ago, he retired from his job as a professor at Brookdale Community College down the road.
Holmdel residents, and husband and wife Wally and Nancy Memmer come to Bell Works six days a week to walk The Block.
“When he retired, I told him he needs not to sit. So we come to Bell Works six days a week to get our exercise,” Nancy said. She’s been coming to the metroburb to take walks every day since the Holmdel Library & Learning Center opened. “It’s fun to watch the building grow and see everything happening around here. We hope to see it continue. And we even want to start a #walkinspired club!” Wally said.
Mari Nuval, manager of Bell Market, greets customers with a friendly "Hello!"
Just ask Mari Nuval manager of Bell Market.
“The great thing about being here is really getting to know the people who come to work here in the building and also the people in the area,” said Mari, from behind the counter at Honeybell Bakery, where she frequently calls out a friendly “Hello!” to Bell Market customers.
“We started as a pop-up, over in the space where the Microsoft shop is now, and we didn’t know if we’d be there one, maybe two months. It ended up being nine months. We didn’t have a system for ordering, so we all learned everyone’s names quickly. It’s been great, we’ve been here so long we’ve seen their kids grow up.”
The Block Comes to Life
The Block at Bell Works, the name for the retail promenade here, started with the Bell Market food hall and recently added more food options: Estrella Azul, a Mexican restaurant, Mezza Luna, an Italian restaurant, and The Hummus & Pita Co. Holmdel Florist, OceanFirst Bank and Alchemist Jewelers recently joined the Bell Works community, too. And it is also home to the Holmdel Library & Learning Center and the Holmdel Montessori school. These businesses are the foundation that the community is built on, but a community can’t just be built by businesses moving into a space, a community has to be fostered, created by the people who comprise it.
And Bell Works is a community that Alexis Coccio, recent Johnson & Wales University Graduate and pastry cook for Honeybell Bakery, is proud to be a part of as well. She happily starts work at 4 a.m. to bring freshly baked pastries and desserts to her loyal customers.
“It’s a great opportunity for someone like me, right out of school,” said Alexis, “to get to work with the great chefs on staff here.”
Some of those people stopping by for breakfast used to work in this space when it was Bell Labs. And according to Mari, they all have great stories to tell— like reminiscing about a long-ago geese invasion of the front pond—and are so happy to be back in the building again.
You don’t have to work in the metroburb to be part of the community. These Mahjong-playing ladies are regulars here.
“I’ve been so lucky to be able to watch, first hand, the evolution of Bell Works. It’s not just the physical space, it’s how the people are coming together to create this community,” said Mari. “It’s not just an office building, it’s a warm, open space. It really is like a home away from home.”
“It’s a great addition to the town,’ said Peter. “And I can’t wait to see what’s next.”
To stay up to date on the latest events and happenings, visit our events page.
Cellular Innovators Pay a Call to their Former Workplace
May 29, 2019 1:13:10 PM by Leave a Comment
Talking and texting with friends on a cell phone is no substitute for spending time in-person. Just ask the pioneers of cell phone technology.
A group of Bell Labs employees responsible for many of the breakthroughs in the 1960s and 70s that paved the way for our iPhones and Kindles met up recently at their former workplace. They laughed, told stories about rolling pennies from one atrium to the next, and enjoyed lunch at the metroburb. Among them was Dick Frankiel, who spearheaded much of the legendary cellular research of the era.
A group of Bell Labs cellular innovators met up recently at their former workplace for lunch and a tour.
"This building was our home for decades,” Frankiel said. “It’s wonderful to see it thriving again, and even more spectacular than it was in our time. It still feels like home because it’s not just a historical landmark—it’s the home of a new generation of busy people creating their own memories.”
Stu Tartarone has plenty of his own here. He first arrived in 1972, when he was fresh out of college and interviewed to join a team dedicated to a concept called “cellular-mobile telephony.” He landed the job and soon got to work in a space on the fifth floor (then known as the sixth floor) now occupied by WorkWave.
“We look at those days as the golden age of innovation,” said Tartarone, who worked in Bell Labs three times between 1970s and late 1990s. “The work that took place here not only had an impact on the cellular wireless technology we use today, but essentially changed the world.”
The company began exploring the basic concept of cell phone communication and engineering in 1947. When the Holmdel facility opened 15 years later, the technology was nowhere near practical and there were political obstacles to surmount to gain authorization for the use of the airways. But in time, the group made progress with innovations that are so ingrained in our daily lives that people don’t think about them, unless something goes wrong – like a dropped signal.
One of the major challenges of the era was making it possible for a call to continue seamlessly while the signal transferred from one coverage area to another. Bill Chriss, who worked with the team from 1977-79, recalled the exhilaration of demonstrating their progress to scientists at a 1979 Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers (IEEE) vehicular technologies conference.
“We have so many memories from this building. It was such a special place and still is! We love coming back.” - Cathy McManus, pictured above.
“One of my favorite memories is riding down River Road in Chicago and asking the people in the back seat if they could tell when we did hand-offs between one cell site and the other,” Chriss said. “Of course, I cheated because in the front seat under the dashboard I had a monitor that showed what channels we were working on. So I could tell when we actually switched and I challenged them to do the same.”
Around that time, Chriss and his co-workers began helping the phone companies plan their first cellular systems. Today the vast network of cell antennas mounted to structures like tall buildings, water towers and artificial trees allow us to carry on clear conversations while we speed down the highways.
As much as any of the scientific marvels they witnessed those days, the group remembers the friendships they forged and the inspiring, yet congenial, office atmosphere. Tartarone described himself and his peers as “nerdy types” who enjoyed and took pride in their work. Chriss said Bell Labs had an academic vibe, as everyone was highly educated and the company paid for its workers to continue earning degrees at nearby institutions.
“People in Bell Labs were very detail-oriented, questioning all kinds of things,” Chriss said. “You had to be able to explain your theories and how stuff worked. You had to ‘show me’ – I’m from Missouri. It was a great environment back then.”
Members of the cell tech group return to Bell Works to catch up over lunch and coffee, with their iPhones, Androids and even flip-phones still in hand.
Members of the group have been thrilled to see the transformation taking place at Bell Works. They now return about a half-dozen times per year to catch up over lunch and coffee.
“The improvements in the building are significant and have made it more inviting than it was,” Tartarone said. “It was homey then because of the people here, but what has been done to the building has made it more homey to me. … The whole Bell Works team has given life to a place so many people consider a special part of their youth where they enjoyed working.”
If you have a great Bell Labs story, please share in the comments.
Can I Book My Wedding at Bell Works? Sure Can. And Your Conference Too.
Apr 25, 2019 1:41:59 PM by Leave a Comment
Bell Works is a lot of different things. It’s an iconic building with an inspired history. A visionary self-contained metropolis with its own label, metroburb. A community of two million square-feet of businesses, restaurants, and more. It’s also a killer event space for anything from a small meeting to a large festival.
With over 100,000 square feet of highly flexible indoor event space —and an additional 10,000 square feet of space outdoors— Bell Works is now a premier destination for meetings, events, weddings and more.
Just like the original Bell Labs, event spaces here inspires innovation, encourages collaboration and sparks creativity. Now, just how does an organization or event planner get access to these remarkable spaces? Easy. They talk to Tricia Tierney, Director of Events at Bell Works, who is more than happy to help clients utilize this one-of-a-kind destination to create an amazing event.
Bell Works is a unique destination for weddings, galas, corporate luncheons, speaker events, drone races, movie shoots and so much more.
What kind of event can I book at Bell Works?
Weddings, galas, corporate luncheons, Ted-style speaker events, drone races, movie shoots, festivals and movie screenings - just a small selection of the events Bell Works can accommodate. Tierney and her team rent out everything from the turf fields and the expansive atrium to intimate corporate meeting spaces.
“We are fortunate to have a stunning canvas to create extraordinary events,” says Tierney. “At times, the space speaks for itself and is stunning on its own. For other events, we pair the amazing background with personal touches from the client. This may be to bring in pipe and drape, greenery, or their name in lights — we do it all!”
Bell Works’ Creative Director Paola Zamudio curates various community events and styles the ballroom through lighting, decor and music to set the perfect mood.
At its core, Bell Works was created to reframe the relationship between work and community. It was also designed to embrace both the corporate and social worlds. The Bell Works event team is adept at juggling where corporate ends and social begins, helping create memorable meetings and exceptional gatherings.
Whether it’s a sales conference, a gala dinner, or a product launch, these bespoke spaces provide a novel approach on how to bring people together in productive and meaningful ways.
How far ahead should I book?
For corporate events, Tierney recommends a lead time of at least six months, and up to a year in advance for larger events. For smaller team meetings and social events, you can reach out to contract the space up to the week prior to the event.
Our state of the art conference center offers everything from a 320 seat amphitheater to a 13,000 square foot ballroom to intimate team rooms.
“As long as we have the meeting space,” says Tierney, “We are happy to contract it for your meeting or event.”
There’s more than 60,000 square feet of highly flexible meeting space, including a 320-seat amphitheater, multiple break-out rooms for smaller groups to brainstorm, and abundant pre-function areas. Cutting edge —but easy to use— audio and video equipment is integrated into all of these rooms, providing the perfect environment to bring every presentation to life.
And once you have the space booked, that’s when it’s time to get every detail right. And Tierney and team are ready to help with that too, with innovative, flexible solutions to work for you and the nuances of your event.
“You can cozy up your event space with soft seating and lounge areas or designate open space to relax and refresh on break for an afternoon yoga session. The sky’s the limit with our flexible event space,” she says.
One of the most stunning examples of these flexible locations is The Ballroom at Bell Works: With floor-to-ceiling park views and natural lighting, it’s ideal for general or large educational sessions, conference dining, private parties or weddings. In the evenings, color-changing lights can be styled for your event’s theme. And there isn’t a column to block anyone’s view.
The tall ceilings and straight lines of the ballroom provide a blank canvas that can be transformed into anything your imagination can dream up.
“Our ballroom is over 13,000 square feet featuring all glass walls, a tall ceiling and no-air walls. It’s very unique for this area,” says Tierney.
The tall ceilings and straight lines of the ballroom provide a blank canvas that can be transformed into anything your imagination can dream up. Like an outer space themed Halloween party with stilt walkers and LED glowing rollerbladers. Check out the party pics from Out of This World here. Or a Havana-themed holiday party with a live band, multiple bars and even a cigar rolling station. Both events were designed and styled by Bell Works’ Creative Director Paola Zamudio.
Our Halloween party was ‘Out of this World.’
If the ballroom is designed to wow audiences, then the the atrium is designed to bring them together. It’s the heart of Bell Works and many events held here are open to the public, like the weekly Bell Works Fresh farmers’ and makers’ market, and the monthly Fitness With The Works events.
See more past atrium events here.
“The Atrium truly speaks to the energy of the metroburb vision,” says Tierney. “It comes to life daily with our tenants, local community and special events.”
For Mardi Gras, we transformed The Block at Bell Works info the famous French Quarter.
An example of these one-of-a-kind special events in the atrium was the recent Mardi Gras celebration, which Tierney says was a huge success with record attendance. The space was transformed into the famous French Quarter for one night with New Orleans-themed bites from Bell Works restaurants Mezza Luna and Estrella Azul; entertainers, live painting and a Mardi Gras-themed makeup bar; and NOLA cocktails, raw bar and Po’ Boy counter by Bell Market. And in the past it’s hosted everything from the Hope for Children Foundation’s Mix, Mingle, & Jingle Wine Tasting to ESPN’s Drone Racing League.
Say bye-bye to a basic event and hello to a one-of-a-kind experience when you book your next meeting or event at Bell Works.
Check Out a 360° Tour of Bell Works
Mar 11, 2019 10:48:29 AM by Leave a Comment
Kevin Liptak, owner and CCO of Refresh Advertising, is used to thinking and going big. And he is growing his company at Bell Works for that reason: it’s the perfect space to think big and show other brands how they can go big, too. Refresh is a full-service digital agency that utilizes the latest tech, high-definition video, 360° photos, videos, tours, and virtual reality in particular, to create engaging and memorable experiences for brands.
“Any time a photo doesn’t do a space or project justice, we use tech to really immerse someone in it,” Kevin said.
The company takes its name from its use of forward-thinking technologies, the latest techniques and a little creativity to reinvigorate and revitalize brands. They take pride in bringing virtual reality to companies big and small, as long as the size or scope of a project would benefit from the technology. And when Kevin first saw Bell Works a little over a year ago, the size and scope of this historic building instantly spoke to him.
“It was just such a cool space,” said Kevin about his first time here. “You just felt an energy being here.”
And that energy was part of why, not long after, Refresh relocated from a coworking space in Fort Monmouth to CoLab the coworking space here.
See the roof deck in 360°.
The coworking community includes graphic designers, app developers, real estate professionals, marketers, photographers and business coaches. And the industries they work in are diverse: farming, human resources, non-profit, education, legal and more. Click here for membership rates.
Since its move, Refresh has found ways to spotlight their new home in some recent projects, like leveraging the iconic exterior of the world’s largest mirror for a car commercial filmed together with fellow CoLab company Silver Style Pictures.
“We appreciate the CoLab environment, where you can network with people outside your door,” said Kevin. “It makes you want to push yourself a little harder, innovate a little more.”
It was in that spirit of innovation and wanting to capture the impressive scale that makes walking into the space such a “wow” moment that Kevin and the Refresh team created Bell Works in 360°. To virtually put viewers in the metroburb, Refresh combined the building’s logo, colors, imagery, and iconography along with the team’s photography to create an immersive brand experience. The end result is a web and virtual reality version that blends Bell Works’ branding with high-resolution 360° shots of several building "hotspots."
Get a 360° look inside one of the coworking spaces.
“Our goal is always, especially in the case of the Bell Works project, to capture the size and scale of a place in ways that a photo alone can’t," said Kevin. “I’m really proud of this one.”
Bell Works in 360° was first featured as a demo at The New Jersey Advertising Club’s annual “Innovation Summit “ in November 2018 at Bell Works.
You can view Bell Works in 360° here.
When it comes to their virtual reality capabilities, Refresh Advertising has simplified the production process, making this technology, which was once only a novelty available to billion dollar businesses, an accessible and affordable business tool available to your average company.
“Virtual reality can be used for every use under the sun," said Kevin. “Headsets are getting cheaper, quality is getting better. Like everything else, it’s all about how quickly the tech moves.”
Brands that partner with Refresh can bring their work to life with branded 360° environments, photography, and video. They can then showcase their space with their own portable, wireless headsets, like the Oculus Go, which can also be custom wrapped and carried in a logoed carrying case.
See the atrium in 360°.
“We’re focused on solving business problems with virtual reality and 360° photography,” said Kevin. “Our real thing is combining a company’s brand with the experience. It’s not the experience for the experience’s sake.”
See our coworking rates, building amenities and space options. Download the Bell Works Template for Growth.
Filed Under: Tech & Innovation, Arts & Culture, Work Inspired
5 Stroller Friendly Things to do At Bell Works this Winter
Mar 1, 2019 12:58:52 PM by Leave a Comment
Rain. Snow. Cold. The dreary atmosphere of winter means few options for parents of stir-crazy kids, and especially fewer options when you can’t stomach one more trip to Chucky Cheese or one more afternoon of Pinterest crafts laden with glitter and the weight of your crafty inadequacies.
But there is hope. And it looks like the quarter mile long glass enclosed Bell Works atrium - the perfect boredom buster, for parents and kids alike.
The Street at Bell Works is a great place to get your steps in for the day without battling the chill with every step: it’s a stroller-friendly pathway that connects all of the places -- restaurants, open spaces, stores and even a library -- with the people -- parents, kids and workers -- who make up the unique metroburb community. You could say, it’s always sunny at Bell Works.
Baby Brearley comes to Bell once a week to have lunch with her mom Rhea who works at iCIMS.
And though The Street is filled with great places to shop and eat, hanging out with some goldfish and a juice box is welcome too.
So, get out of the house, snag an easy to find parking spot (follow signs for Red, Blue, Yellow or Purple lots - they all lead to an atrium entrance) and discover a new place to cure your cabin fever and make some memories, without breaking the bank.
Let the kids go free range
Capped by a full-length skylight, the atrium features two large turf covered areas, perfect for letting your little ones burn off some of that pent-up energy they seem to endlessly have. Grab a seat on a bean bag chair or plop down on the ground yourself and happily let them run circles around you on either of the turf fields. Given the size of Bell Works, these astroturf fields are great spots for gentle ball games or just running free. Go ahead, rearrange all the plastic furniture, make it into a soccer goal or an obstacle course. Whatever’s you. This space is all about play.
Photo by Instagram user @megankhichiphoto.
Just add a juice box
These fields are also a perfect place to create some mom magic and throw an indoor picnic. Just bring a blanket and some food and you’re ready to go. And if packing a picnic lunch is too much work (no judgement here), there are plenty of food options at Bell Works, including chicken fingers and French fries from Mezza Luna, a cheese quesadilla from Estrella Azul, plus other options at Bell Market, Booskerdoo Coffee & Baking Co., and The Hummus & Pita Co.
Photo by Instagram user @curlyhairconspiracy.
With more than 60 shelves worth of books in over 18,000 square feet of space, this state-of-the-art space isn’t just a library. It’s a beautifully designed, modern multi-use learning and community center. Plus, picking up some of the latest kids books and a bestseller or two for yourself gives you a perfect reason to come back to Bell Works and explore some more. (Maybe even without the kids!) Click here for upcoming kid activities like salt dough making and polymer play.
Photo by Instagram user @aimeewong.
Get yourself a mani
If you’re a busy supermom and omniscient multi tasker, don’t forget to put some me time in your schedule. Meet a mom friend at Bell Works on Wednesdays or Fridays and schedule a manicure at Salon Concrete, the latest addition to their services menu. Tag team and get pampered while the other watches your collected kids. The salon is located right on the turf in the west atrium. For easy access, choose Purple or Yellow parking lots.
Middletown moms Nicole and Dana with their little ones Zeke and Reagan enjoying a morning on the turf.
Make Wednesdays market day
Rise above the monotony of the week’s grocery store run and mark your calendar for Bell Works Fresh, the weekly farmer’s market here. Besides just the usual fruit and veg, Fresh brings vendors of artisan breads, local art and photography, and luxuries like vintage clothing, jewelry, candles and local sauces and honeys. They even have one that offers ready made dinners and soups. The vendor mix changes weekly so check for updates on their site.
Bell Fresh vendor Annie & Em’s littlest fan!
So, if your cabin fever is at a fever pitch, turn yet another blah winter day into a memorable one by stopping in and checking out Bell Works.
Give Love, From The Street at Bell Works in The Heart of Holmdel
Feb 11, 2019 12:42:31 PM by Leave a Comment
Sure, there’s nothing wrong with diamonds and roses, but sometimes something unexpected is just as appreciated for Valentine’s Day. After all, your valentine is one-of-a-kind, shouldn’t they receive a gift as unique as they are? Bell Labs was the home of innovation, so it only makes sense that The Street at Bell Works offers a mix of surprising gift ideas, making it the perfect spot for you to find a special something for that special someone.
Holmdel Florist: Non-traditional flowers
Flowers have been a part of Valentine’s Day for as long as there has been a Valentine’s Day. But just because your sweetie isn’t a red roses type doesn’t mean you have to totally skip a bouquet. Stop by Holmdel Florist or order online to find the right arrangement for the object of your affection. From succulents and sunflowers to lilies and birds of paradise, there are so many different blooms and colors to choose from - you’ll find one that will match your beloved’s unique style and personality. Whether you’re going for elegant or eye-catching, Holmdel Florist can design, create and deliver a beautiful arrangement that’s sure to make their coworkers jealous. (And if you want to go the safe route, Holmdel Florist has sweet rose deal too.)
Chantelle’s Bell Market Wine + Spirits Club: Monthly membership
Get ready to toast to a spectacular Valentine’s Day with a gift that any wine connoisseur will love - a subscription to Chantelle’s Wine + Spirits Club at Bell Market. Perfect for beginners and wannabe sommeliers alike, the club features new selections hand picked by Chantelle Corbo each month. Chantelle is a longtime sommelier who has previously worked for the Ritz-Carlton and the Stephen Starr Restaurant Group before becoming the Bell Market beverage director (and one of the founders). Wine club memberships are available monthly or as a six-month package. This month’s tasting is on Tuesday, February 19, 4-7 p.m. Explore new varietals and regions, or just sit back, sip and enjoy.
Salon Concrete: Gift card or monthly membership
Give the gift of glam with a salon gift card to Salon Concrete. Gift cards can be in any amount, and are good for any service, including the latest addition to their menu - manicures. Or if your beloved is longing for their own “glam squad,” maybe one of the salon’s monthly memberships is what they are dreaming of. There are four options to choose from:
The Blow Dry Club will give her a month of unlimited blow dry services including shampoo and conditioning, plus complimentary hot tools.
In love with a hair color chameleon? Gift membership to the Color Club where he or she can indulge their whims with unlimited single process color, glazes and color blow dry services.
If your significant other always wants to try the latest and greatest, sign her or him up for the Product Club and they’ll receive two full size retail products every month.
And looking flawless isn’t just for women: there’s the Men’s Barbering Club, with unlimited haircuts, clean ups and beard trims.
City Barn | Country Penthouse: Handmade rustic gifts and decor
Your significant other will thank you for skipping the candy carbs for a lasting and memorable gift like a rustic block or signs from City Barn | Country Penthouse. These affordable gifts are handmade in Massachusetts from reclaimed wood, each piece with its own character (just like your lover). Choose from one of their pre-made sayings or order a custom one with your own inside joke, special saying or even a photo. There's an almost endless variety of gifts here for him or her, from ties and dishes to wall hangings and locally inspired throw pillows.
The Bar Method: Fitness membership
The Bar Method is all about customization: the signature method of this boutique fitness studio is perfect for students of all levels - meaning their first class will be as customized as the 50th. This transformative workout is designed to reshape and strengthen from head to toe - making it the right fit for every experience level, every body, and every age. And gifting options are just as versatile - from a two-week trial membership to a month of unlimited classes to a 20-pack of classes - you’re sure to find the right fit. So, no matter your loves’ fitness level, help her stick to her New Year’s workout resolution this Valentine’s Day.
Lauren Farrell Pop-Up Shop: Handbags
Handbag designer and entrepreneur Lauren Farrell has built her brand by making unique handbags for fashionable sports fans. For the month of February, you have the unique opportunity to shop her made-in-the-USA Lauren Farrell NY handbags at Bell Works. Her handbags are perfect for your favorite fanatic, with team colors, super-soft leather and stadium-friendly sizes. Stop in and if you can’t decide which bag is the perfect present, pick up a gift card instead. Read more about the origin of her latest collection.
Show your loved ones that you put some thought into the Valentine’s Day gift and pick up something special at one of the shops at Bell Works today.
From Retrofit to Community Center, Bell Works Gets Better With Age
Jan 24, 2019 9:40:02 AM by Leave a Comment
Ten year transformation challenges are a risky endeavor for people. Regrettable decade old fashion choices and the volatility of the scale make these the territory of the brave (or the incredibly fit). In architecture too, 10 years of wear can mean faded signs and faded relevance. But not at Bell Works.
When Ralph Zucker of Somerset Development made the brave leap to purchase and redevelop the defunct Bell Labs building in Holmdel, NJ, there were more naysayers than cheerleaders. Now a decade after it sat vacant and overgrown, the iconic structure is an adaptive reuse - part office building, part retail center, part pedestrian gathering place. Zucker’s brainchild is now a little city in the suburbs called the metroburb.
See how Bell Works has changed in 10 years
The most obvious physical changes are in the atriums. See below, the once cluttered and closed off atriums and the solid walls that separated the offices from the expansive, light filled atrium. For the adaptive reuse, they were replaced with full glass walls - as architect Eero Saarinen had always intended.
The neglected and overgrown atrium after Bell Labs (and then Lucent) closed its doors.
The three atriums here are now wide open gathering spaces. The center atrium features a custom furniture project called The Tubes, the brainchild of a talented team of creatives: world-renowned furniture designer Ron Arad, the team behind the Italian artisan furniture company Moroso, and the creative team of Bell Works - Master Architect Alexander Gorlin, Creative Director and founder of NPZ Style + Décor Paola Zamudio, and Ralph Zucker, President of Somerset Development and the visionary behind the building’s adaptive reuse.
The custom-designed atrium furniture are intended to be as much sculpture as they are a space to sit and enjoy the surroundings.
Now home to 2,000 workers from more than 75 tenant companies (and counting), Bell Works is also a community center for Monmouth County where every week it welcomes hundreds from the local community who use the Holmdel Library, visit the Wednesday farmers market and now, come for breakfast and lunch at Bell Market, The Hummus & Pita Co., and coffee shop Booskerdoo. Along The Street, the indoor pedestrian walkway, shoppers enjoy home decor store City Barn | Country Penthouse, a convenience store, Salon Concrete and fitness concept The Bar Method.
Six more retailers are under construction with openings planned for 2019 including Jersey Freeze ice cream shop; Alchemist Jewelers; Holmdel Florist; restaurants Mezza Luna and Estrella Azul. About 10 more retail leases are expected to be announced in the coming weeks. Click here for more on retail news at Bell Works.
Step into Bell Works on any weekday morning and you might expect to find the trappings of an office park - workers drinking coffee and queuing up to the elevator to disappear until noon.
Bell Works is for everyone, even the littlest ones. And it may be cold outside but it's always warm and sunny in the atrium. Moms and dads, escape the cold and come by for a coffee, visit the library and stay for lunch. (You can even squeeze in a hair cut and a little home shopping.) Photo by Lauren Foti.
Instead, children are skipping across a turf field, a UX team is huddled together in front of a World Cup viewing station and a local vinter is uncrating her chardonnay for that afternoon’s farmers market. There are those workers drinking coffee and taking the elevator, but you almost don’t notice them among the flurry of activity on what appears to be an indoor pedestrian street. Actually four distinct buildings, Bell Works is centered around three open atriums, two with green spaces, along the quarter mile indoor street.
The evolution of the public cafe area, from Bell Labs to Big Bang at Bell Works. Design by NPZ Style & Decor.
When world renowned architect Eero Saarinen set out to design the building in 1961 (when it was a home to over 6,000 Bell Labs employees), he knew he wanted to create an open-atrium scheme with this one-of-a-kind pedestrian street.
Local residents stop here for lunch and shopping after a workout. The building is open to the public Monday-Saturday.
The Street at Bell Works is a component of the metroburb concept. Coined by the New Urbanist movement, and popularized by Zucker, the metroburb is an urban hub, a core, a little metropolis in a suburban location. Zucker describes it to visitors like this, “A large-scale mixed use building, with great access, office, retail, entertainment, hospitality, residential, health, wellness, fitness, everything you would find in a metropolis but in a great suburban location. Think Red Bank, Morristown and New Brunswick.”
The luxury conference center serves tenants and guests with flexible meeting spaces and sleek design.
Bell Works now includes a full service luxury conference and event center for small and large scale corporate and hospitality events. Inquire about hosting an event. The transformation continues inside the world’s largest mirror as Bell Works builds a new coworking space, experience based entertainment concepts, and a rooftop boutique hotel slated to open in 2020.
On The Street where a week has a time lapse effect for visitors, office tenants can see changes daily. Many take walking meetings, host informal meetings in the atrium or find a quiet seat on the turf to think through a project. Working here means being a part of the state’s largest, most dynamic adaptive reuse project, and that has its perks.
“Work used to have to happen at a desk, and play was everything outside of being at that desk. Today, live/work/play means something totally different,” Zucker said. “Everything is coming together and there really is not a demarcation between live, work or play.”
See how The Street at Bell Works will grow. Download the retail map.
Irish Tech Company Finds a Move In Ready Home For Its US Branch at Bell Works
Oct 16, 2018 2:41:00 PM by Leave a Comment
Call it fate. Or destiny. Or just great luck. Because when Ding — the Dublin-based tech company — landed at Bell Works this spring, the mobile top up giant not only found a great location for its second U.S. office, which was up and running in no time, but a kindred spirit in global connectivity.
“We wanted to hit the ground running, but also find something that represented the company’s forward thinking," James Hall, Ding’s head of Americas B2B said. “Bell Labs was the first to make a transatlantic connection and Ding is the premier global connector of families with loved ones overseas.”
Unlike the U.S., where most mobile phone users are tied to a monthly calling plan, 75 percent of the world’s 5 billion phones are prepaid, meaning there’s no contract and credit is purchased in advance of service. Ding links families overseas — many of them migrant workers— with families back home by letting them send mobile phone credit, or “top up” their phones.
Since its inception in 2006, Ding’s users have successfully sent over 300 million top-ups globally — via the app, online at Ding.com, and in-store at over 600,000+ retail outlets worldwide — making it the number one international mobile top-up platform in the world.
With an eye on expanding its market further into the Americas, Ding saw New Jersey — with its proximity to New York and Philadelphia, not to mention easy flights to Dublin and Canada — as a prime location for its second U.S. office (the first is in Miami). Hall and his team scouted spaces as far north as Jersey City and throughout Monmouth County, until finally landing in Holmdel to tour Bell Works.
"There was just such a 'wow factor' when we first walked into the building," James Hall, Ding’s head of Americas B2B, said.
“It was actually one of the last spaces we looked at,” said Hall, who moved with his family from Dublin to run the Holmdel office. “There was just such a ‘wow factor’ when we first walked into the building.”
While a lot of the other locations the Ding team toured seemed like just run-of-the-mill office space, Hall said the college-campus feel and collaborative energy of the Bell Works reimagined metroburb design echoed Ding’s innovative mindset. “This felt more like a home for us,” he said, entering the center atrium that buzzed with lunchtime activity.
But it’s the history of Eero Saarinen’s futuristic building, which served for decades as a giant incubator for communications giant Bell Labs and pioneered global connectivity, that really speaks to the core of Ding’s forward thinking values, said Hall. As a pioneer connecting Europe and the U.S. back in the 1950s and proponent of the early development of the cell phone, the Bell Labs legacy perfectly reflected the Ding culture.
“It’s really about connecting people,” said Hall over cappuccinos at a table outside the recently-opened Booskerdoo coffee shop, which sits beneath Bell Works’ soaring glass atrium.
Colette Campbell, Ding’s head of corporate communications, agreed, “Our business is all about connecting our users and where better than in the place which completed the first transatlantic telephone cable. It was fate!”
Ding's business is all about connecting their users and where better to do that than in the place which completed the first transatlantic telephone cable?
“Global connectivity, something which Bell Labs researchers literally laid the cables for, is high on the list of priorities for James and the team there, as they set about connecting more and more users in the U.S. to family and friends back home,” she added.
Prior to Ding’s April move, the space was occupied by, Nvidia and was double its current size. The makers of graphics cards and driverless car technology moved upstairs to a larger space on the third floor, to accommodate their growing team.
Ding’s office was one of the original pre-built spaces designed by Bell Works’ Creative Director Paola Zamudio, before there were even any tenants in the building. Like the pret-a-porter designs of the fashion world, these “ready-to-wear” spaces were designed for design savvy companies looking to get up and running fast.
“I designed these offices thinking of the future tenant as an entrepreneur,” Zamudio said. For these entrepreneurs, the spaces needed to flexible with a lot of light and be very open. I wanted them to feel like a space to create.”
Ding’s office is one of the original pre-built spaces designed by Bell Works’ Creative Director Paola Zamudio
Working with Ding’s brand team in the Dublin office, the team fashioned the Bell Works office after the Irish space, with furniture that mimics the company’s headquarters and the Ding logo displayed prominently along the front of the office. The space is comfortable for the five employees working there now, but Hall says he expects to double that number over the next year and thinks the space will easily accommodate 10-12 workers.
“The Bell works space is incredible what’s not to love?” said Campbell. “While the Ding office in NJ is similar in look and feel to Dublin, we sadly don’t have a campus feel that’s established in Bell Works.”
In a nod to the history of the building, Ding installed its own version of a phone booth — or as the Irish call it, a “calling booth” — at the back of its new office space. Unlike those more old-fashioned boxes that come to mind, Ding’s phone booth is sound proofed and air conditioned and the perfect spot, said Hall, to jump on a call in a private setting.
In a nod to the history of the building, Ding installed its own version of a phone booth — or as the Irish call it, a “calling booth”to jump on a call in a private setting.
Ding also mounted flat screens along the wall that can be used for meetings and video conferences or show all global top up transactions in real time. Fireworks burst from the center of the United States where a top up originates and arcs south to Guatemala and then one to Cuba and another to Mexico and continue beginning and ending in locations around the globe, all captured on-screen.
In April, the Bell Works Ding team hosted the company’s quarterly meeting, which brought management from Europe, the Mideast and Americas for the four-day gathering. Hall said the Bell Works space made an immediate impression on his visitors as they approached the building. “They were taken aback by the sprawling building in that perfectly landscaped green space.”
“It’s certainly an eye-opener,” he added.
Learn more about how you can grow your company at Bell Works with the Template for Growth.
Filed Under: Tech & Innovation, Work Inspired
A Growing Software Company Ditches the Commute for a Collaborative Space in Holmdel
Oct 10, 2018 9:42:46 AM by Leave a Comment
“We were dying to get away from Bedminster,” said Parkhill Mays, president of STOPit.
The leader of this pioneering software company had been commuting 60+ minutes a day from Freehold to a Bedminster office park and it was starting to take its toll, on him and his team.
When he reflects on this time, Mays isn’t just talking about the long drive in rush hour traffic, he’s talking about the life squeeze the commute put on him as the father of two girls, whom he coaches in travel softball.
“That was tough,” he said.
Moving the team to Bell Works shaved hours of all but two team members’ commutes. “I think everyone has dropped in age 5-10 years since we got here,” Mays said.
Founded four years ago by Todd Schoebel, STOPit created an app that empowers users to anonymously report bullying, harassment and violence in schools, workplaces and towns. The solution also includes an incident management component and both snapshot and detailed reporting options. In 2017, STOPit extended its solution to offer an incident monitoring service, providing 24/7 incident monitoring and management.
STOPit is an app that empowers users to anonymously report bullying, harassment and violence in schools, workplaces and towns.
In their Bedminster headquarters each employee had a private office. Besides the drive, he said, “It was a poor utilization of space.”
“We needed an open floor plan, a collaborative space,” Mays said. “That model fosters good fellowship. Yes, it gets a little chatty, but when your team is behind closed doors you miss hearing their customer conversations. When I hear someone say, “‘We‘re moving ahead and I’m sending a contract,’ that’s invigorating.”
Flex space within the coworking community
In less than a year the software company has made a series of three easy moves through different Bell Works offices, flex coworking space, small private pre-built space, and large pre-built space, each sized for their needs at the time.
The journey started about a month before STOPit’s Bell Works lease began when Mays said he’d just had it with the trip to Bedminster. “We couldn’t wait. We have to go, now,” he remembers saying, and he called Sean Donohue, community manager of CoLab, the coworking space here. “I showed up with my team of 12 at the time and Sean accommodated us for about 5 weeks in his flex space.”
This coworking flex space offers a mix of private offices and shared and private desks. Mays said his team was able to walk in on day one and begin working without any set up. When STOPit’s private office was ready, the team only needed to walk down the hall.
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Attracting talent with environment
There were plenty of relocation options for STOPit in Monmouth County, with office parks in Eatontown, Red Bank and Wall. Mays said that it was the larger experience available to his employees, including the ample public spaces, retail shops and services, that attracted him to Bell Works.
“You get much more for your money here than you would an office park in Eatontown that’s a few dollars cheaper per square foot. It’s much cheaper from an overall utilization stand point. Plus it’s a tech center and a recruiting magnet,” Mays said.
Mays discovered the location’s power for recruiting almost immediately.
When STOPit interviewed their now SaaS Account Executive, Chris Salomon, he told Mays, “Part of the attraction to your company was the surroundings you put yourself in.”
“Part of the attraction to your company was the surroundings you put yourself in.”
Mays, who doesn’t have a private office, (no one is his company does now) is fond of taking calls in the soaring, glass ceilinged atrium. He likes to meet partners at Booskerdoo for coffee and conversation. And the gym on the concourse level is an added bonus.
Bell Works is quickly adding retail like Salon Concrete, Hummus & Pita, The Alchemist Jeweler, At Your Convenience, and now a dry cleaning service. The Holmdel Library and a Montessori School are both part of the metroburb now as well. All retail is open to the public.
“There’s a vibe that we can always go somewhere at Bell Works,” he said. “The place feels right to our team. And, you don’t have to get in your car for lunch.”
Three easy moves, plenty more room to grow
After just eight months in its original ready-to-wear space, STOPit is growing again, in funding, sales, staff and workspace.
The team just took up a 3,000 square-foot space on the first floor that includes three conference rooms and a generous open floor plan for individual and collaborative work. (That space was recently vacated by Nvidia makers of graphics cards and driverless car technology, which moved upstairs to a larger space on the third floor, to accommodate their growing team.)
The STOPit office includes three conference rooms and a generous open floor plan for individual and collaborative work
Other startups like music industry software company Vydia have used Bell Works as a launch pad and then moved to new space within the building as the company grew. Since upgrading from its first starter office in 2015, Vydia has doubled in size and hired 30 people. The company which created a platform for artists to protect, publish, monetize and distribute their videos across multiple channels now occupies a custom built 6,712 square foot office on the second floor of building 4.
In STOPit’s new space the team is settling in and enjoying their larger conference rooms and a little more elbow room around the office. But that extra room might not last too long. It recently hired a customer success manager and salesperson for a new market. And there are talks of purchasing other products that could fill out their offerings.
“The building has turned us into the company we always should have been: young, vibrant, always on the lookout of what’s next,” Mays said. “I hope we haven’t moved to our last piece of real estate here. I don’t think we have.”
From shared space to private office, learn more about how you can grow your company at Bell Works with the Template for Growth.
Somewhere To Go, Somewhere To Stay: Bell Works Attracts Top Tech Talent
Feb 22, 2017 10:25:03 AM by Leave a Comment
The tech industry is booming and New Jersey is emerging as a hub of tech innovation. Why? Well, let’s say the Garden State is growing more than just tomatoes.
New Jersey is experiencing a surge in tech startups, pioneers that are quickly gaining recognition for the impact of their work across industries. Add to the mix the rapid expansion of established, tech-driven corporate giants such as Amazon, and there’s little doubt that New Jersey is a desirable place for leading edge, tech-based companies to set up shop and expand.
One of those places is Bell Works, the former site of the patent producing machine, Bell Labs. At the reinvented site in Holmdel, both New Jersey based and national companies are filling up the 2 million square foot building in what appears to be a trend away from both city headquarters and isolated office parks.
When the project to transform the former Bell Labs building kicked off in 2013, Somerset Development hired The Garibaldi Group, a commercial real estate firm headquartered in New Jersey as the exclusive marketing and brokerage team for the project. Garibaldi’s on-site team is led by President Jeff Garibaldi and Vice Presidents Tara Keating Freeman and Kyle Mahoney. Together they’ve already executed leases for more than 60 percent of the available office space to a mix of small tech companies like VYDIA, corporate heavyweights like JCP&L and NVIDIA Corporation and fast growing tech companies like iCIMS and WorkWave. Garibaldi has also signed a host of potential and promising tech disruptors of the future, some of whom have already begun to transform industries and business practices worldwide.
When the firm set out to market Bell Works Jeff Garibaldi, Jr., Marketing Director for the company, said he knew they had a valuable, attractive property to show, he just didn’t expect the prospects would be so close to home. “We thought we’d be spending a lot of time in planes,” he laughed.
Monmouth County cultivates rich soil for tech innovation
“We thought we were going to end up going in and identifying companies in New York City or Philadelphia where a large number of their employees commuted from New Jersey and pitch them on the benefit of having a New Jersey presence,” Garibaldi said. “We also had a pretty well developed outline of how to approach prospects in Silicon Valley. We know many of them are looking for a bi-coastal presence and want a location that offers a mix of urban and suburban assets that will attract talent or make it more likely their best talent will move.”
“But what we found was completely different. We found an extremely well educated, experienced, talented, and motivated tech labor pool right here in Monmouth County, really within easy commuting distance. And we found many more tech startups and firms that are experiencing exponential growth like iCIMS and WorkWave right in our own backyard.”
The Garibaldi team was initially surprised to find so many potential tenants within the immediate proximity of Bell Works, but talking with local talent and businesses revealed some of the reasons for this ‘happy surprise’. Says Jeff Garibaldi Jr., “We think that this critical mass of innovators, industry pioneers, tech startups and entrepreneurs, may be the natural result of the fact that a company like Bell Labs called this home for half a century, and in Monmouth County, alums settled in the area and never left.”
Garibaldi continues, “When Bell Labs changed, and ultimately, when the Holmdel building closed in 2007, a lot of their workforce simply reinvented themselves and started their own companies. Add to that the incredibly rich workforce with a phenomenal background in tech and R&D that came from the now-defunct military base, Fort Monmouth, and their subcontractors -- all that laid the foundation for a booming tech community. When Fort Monmouth closed, not everyone took a package or went to Aberdeen, Maryland. Many of them had become established here and they stayed and did the same thing the Bell Labs alums did, they started their own companies or continued their careers in the tech field.”
A shift in where workers want to spend their days
The Bell Works project seems to prove what many experts in the commercial real estate industry have been noting for several years, “So for 20 years, there was a significant movement of younger workers and families into or near urban centers for the convenience of living in walkable communities with easy access to mass transit, entertainment and cultural activities,” said Garibaldi. “Now the trend is turning again, and millennials who are looking to start raising families are looking for a more suburban experience -- they want easy access to affordable and spacious living. They want opportunities to spend time in quiet, open spaces while still staying closely connected to the evolving tech world. That’s the genius of Bell Works. That IS Bell Works.”
The metroburb, a mini metropolis in the suburbs, is growing out of this trend where workers demand both urban amenities and green spaces close to where they live and work.
“For these millennials who are balking at exorbitant rents in popular urban centers, with Bell Works and the metroburb we are giving this highly motivated workforce somewhere to go, or more correctly, somewhere to stay,” Garibaldi said. “And for those highly skilled, highly motivated and innovative thinkers who are looking for a place to make their mark in the tech space, Bell Works is distinguishing itself in this highly desirable market.”
But still, it’s Jersey
Monmouth County has a lot to offer workers, trees, beaches, breathable air and ample parking, but it’s no Manhattan right? It’s not even Brooklyn. Can companies thrive here?
In the January 2016, Inc. story Why Today's New York Tech Scene Looks Nothing Like You'd Expect, entrepreneur Charlie O'Donnell, who founded and runs Brooklyn Bridge Ventures points out that New Jersey is attracting some notable startups like Jet.com in Hoboken and Audible in Newark - despite the fact that it is, well, New Jersey.
"Funding goes a little further in New Jersey," O'Donnell says. "Sure, there's a little Jersey stigma--it's where we go to watch our football games--but the truth is, if you have a good business, the talent will come to you."
The Garden State is also attracting thought leaders in the tech industry.
On Feb. 23 at Bell Works, the New Jersey Tech Council presents its “Tech Innovation Forecast 2017, an annual event that draws hundreds of key influencers from the tech, R&D and finance industries, statewide. Speakers at the NJ Innovation Forecast event include keynote speaker Marcus Weldon, President of Nokia Bell Labs, panel moderator David Sorin, Managing Partner of McCarter & English, leadership from companies like BASF, Siemens and Vonage, as well as the principals of venture capitalist firms like Genacast Ventures and Jay Bhatti of BrandProject. It’s a serious line-up with some first-time live pitches for revolutionary tech ideas as well as a revealing discussion about new innovation and acceleration funding models for the tech sector. Guests will meet some of the most influential minds working in the region as they delve into explaining how the tech industry is developing. Bell Works and The Garibaldi Group are major sponsors of the event.
James Barrood, President and CEO of the New Jersey Tech Council says, “The choice to hold this year's Tech Innovation Forecast at Bell Works was easy. Since tenants started signing leases and moving in, it was clear that the former Bell Labs-Holmdel site -- a legend for tech innovation -- is quickly reclaiming that well-deserved status. When you have a concentration of established leaders and notable startups in the tech industry as you have at Bell Works, you don't need a trend analysis to predict that a new, exciting tech hub has arrived. The tech industry in New Jersey is only going to grow more robust throughout the state. Bell Works is certainly going to be a big part of that story."
In addition to large, statewide events like the Tech Innovation Forecast that attract hundreds of corporate leaders in the tech field, The NJ Tech Weekly calendar of tech events lists dozens of tech-centric business and networking events each month throughout the state. From topical meetups like the NJ Data Science Meetup, to informal working groups for high level coders like the Arduino Study Group hosted by FUBAR Labs, to more niche events such as the NJ Drone Users Group "at the 18th hole" (a location disclosed only to group members) and Scarlet Startups, a group that meets at the Rutgers Business School, it's clear that tech is dominating conversations throughout the state.
The Garibaldi team says that the Bell Labs alums living in the area still feel extreme loyalty and warmth for their experience in Holmdel. Most of them were hired and staffed there as young professionals and they treated it as a college experience, forming clubs, falling in love and inventing the future of technology every day. Garibaldi says that for the dozens of Bell alums he has spoken with, they value the fact that the Bell senior management encouraged self-directed creativity and an almost ‘anything goes’ culture – as long as the result was amazing and transformed something about the industry.
The Garibaldi Group’s observations are backed by the fact that, once the opportunity arose in the form of Bell Works, the right labor force and tech businesses self-identified, and the community itself helped drive the momentum. It is an energetic, well-educated, entrepreneurial group that is excited to be back in the Bell Labs building, doing innovative work in the company of other brilliant tech minds.
A century of perspective on the New Jersey economy
This year marks 98 years in commercial real estate for The Garibaldi Group. In that time Jeff Garibaldi and his team have seen markets expand and collapse and industries grow and change. Tech may be experiencing a rebirth in New Jersey, but in terms of its real estate, it’s already a solid market. The tech market is the third largest sector occupying corporate office space (financial services and biotech hold the first two spots). Tech companies are often working on projects that require some risk and much courage on the part of their leadership. Garibaldi says that for these businesses, the right real estate portfolio makes a huge difference in how they are positioned to stay both viable and profitable as they grow and carry projects forward through research and development to implementation.
“Every business should expect their commercial real estate partner to work with them to streamline their real estate and corporate office processes so that every opportunity is realized and risks are minimized. Holdings and management issues absolutely affect the bottom line,” says Garibaldi. “The fact is, no one can perfectly predict the impact of changes to the corporate tech landscape, as giants like Amazon transform e-commerce with more and more fulfillment centers while also opening physical brick-and-mortar stores. Fulfillment centers and data centers, the pivotal needs of tech companies -- both the established giants and impactful startups -- all of this is what commercial real estate partners should be keeping their eyes on to best serve their clients now and in the future.”
Filed Under: Tech & Innovation
Are You Vulnerable? Learn How to Make Cyber Security Attainable for Your Business
Jan 10, 2017 12:38:05 PM by Leave a Comment
It’s not new news, but it is big news. Thanks to a wave of recent reporting on major cyber security breaches -- including accusations of Russian hacking and its alleged influence on the US 2016 Presidential election -- cyber vulnerability is top of mind for United States business owners and citizens.
Stories about big, corporate cyber security breaches make the news. Stories of individual identity theft, skimming and phishing scams are less likely to earn air-time, but the effects of all types of cyber hacking are devastating financially, and to those individuals affected, emotionally.
Fred Stringer, a cyber security expert with international experience building IT systems and troubleshooting security hacks, puts the issue in simple terms, “We have treaties that govern behavior in space and on the high seas; licenses that require tests and inspections to drive a car or operate a restaurant. But anyone can get on the internet with no training whatsoever, and very little knowledge of the dangers of connecting to the world wide web or how to protect themselves. Anyone can set up a server or an IP address and there’s very little regulation about what people can and cannot do.”
The fallout of this unregulated web, Stringer said, is cause for concern for anyone, but particularly small businesses.
On Jan. 19 Stringer and his colleague (and former Bell Labs employee) Larry Murphy will present a workshop at Bell Works, How to Assess Your Cyber Risk: A Crash Course For Small and Medium Sized Businesses.
A threat to more than just data
The consequences of security breaches for both businesses and individuals are serious, and can impact an entity’s financial health for years. Cyber hacking and fraud is estimated to cost the U.S. nearly $300 billion each year and nearly $500 billion worldwide. In the U.S. alone, 26 percent of entities claimed losses of $50,000 or more in 2013. Experts project that by 2018, a total of $101 billion will be spent across the world for information security measures and still, this effort will not come close to eliminating cyber threats.
Yet for businesses of every size and in every industry, the loss of dollars isn’t the biggest threat to profitability or even viability. Cybersecurity experts know that minimizing financial loss doesn’t even make the top three most important goals of IT security. The ‘priority of protection’ is actually:
In every instance when a business is targeted and a website is ‘brought down’ or customer information is stolen or confidential work product is compromised, it’s the company brand that is the most vulnerable to lasting, sometimes permanent damage. Customers who don’t trust a company’s brand don’t do business with that company...neither do potential partners.
Cloud based threats loom for small business
For entrepreneurs, start-up and pioneer business owners, the threat of cyber attack can be doubled. Not only may such entities be targeted due to the nature and profile of their business, but these businesses also use technology much like individuals, accessing programs, creating proprietary content and sharing that content with partners and employees over the cloud through programs like Google Docs and Basecamp. Many small business owners can share stories of working from a local coffee shop -- using free wifi to download and send confidential files containing proprietary information, personnel documents and banking tasks. Stringer says ‘free’ wifi access and apps advertised to ‘improve efficiency and save money’ are examples of ‘perfect invitations’ to be hacked.
The impact of criminal hacking is so costly that an entirely new line of business has been created -- ethical hacking. Ethical hacking as used by corporate and government entities, is a contracted service where teams of cyber experts are paid to hack into an organization’s IT infrastructure and probe for vulnerabilities. These consultants have also developed programs to test for potential vulnerability via employees. Carefully designed social engineering experiments use phishing scams to uncover individuals who are susceptible to breaking cyber security protocol. Once detected, vulnerabilities in both tech and personnel are addressed through improved technology and employee training and awareness campaigns.
That kind of large scale hacking program may be out of reach for most small and medium sized companies, but Stringer says, there are ways to minimize risk and protect against the most common cyber threats (even without hiring a company of ethical hackers to take down your website).
Login in to a secure best practice
“It’s all about adopting new behavior,” Stringer said. “We look both ways before crossing the street. We wear helmets when we ride a bike and seat belts in the car.... We take practical precautions against risk all the time, yet millions of us think nothing of jumping on a free wifi hotspot when we’re in a coffee shop or the mall. And right there is one of the greatest risks for identity theft or hackers downloading banking and other protected site passwords and login information. In less than a minute, someone can lose money and reputation just because they didn’t take the extra few seconds to log on using a VPN (virtual private network).”
Stringer and Murphy, also an expert in cyber infrastructure, say they are both increasingly alarmed by the growing vulnerability of individuals and businesses coupled with a seemingly decreased vigilance among internet users and/or willingness to take ordinary precautions against victimization.
“Most people don’t think they’re ‘big’ enough to be a target, but today, all hackers have to do is cast their nets wide enough and they’ll pull in anyone who’s made themselves vulnerable at that moment,” says Murphy. “Whenever you buy and install a device that connects to the internet -- if you’re not taking steps to protect the security of your information -- you are an instant gateway to hackers. You’re a target and eventually, you will be a victim.”
According to Stringer and Murphy, the time between turning on a new device and the first attempt to probe the new device or connection for vulnerability to hacking is twelve seconds.
And for those of us whose business depends on employing social media -- and everyone else in the world who has a smartphone or a computer -- social media is perhaps the fastest growing arena for hacking attacks that hijack personal identity and private information. Facebook stopped reporting statistics for cyber-attacks in 2011 -- after revealing that the social media giant was the target of more than 600,000 attacks every day.
“The time and energy it takes to protect yourself is minimal, compared to the risk and impact of being the victim of a hacker,” Stringer said. “So many simple things like changing a factory set password, using a VPN (virtual private network) connection when you’re away from your home or business, taking the time to use two-step authentication -- these are things that anyone can do to protect themselves or their business that most people don’t do or don’t know they should be doing.”
You can learn more about how to protect yourself, your family and your business at this free meet up at Bell Works on Thurs., Jan. 19 from 8-10 a.m. The workshop includes a continental breakfast.
Click here to register: How to Assess Your Cyber Risk: A Crash Course For Small and Medium Sized Businesses.
Come with your own questions. Attendees will have an opportunity to engage in conversation with international cyber security experts about the current risk environment businesses face and what’s to come, and will receive:
A checklist to help you assess your digital security risk
A step by step guide to help you take immediate action to address risks
Insights to plan for successful growth and asset investment.
Building Steam Festival: Making Something Out of Nothing With Makers of All Ages
Jun 2, 2016 1:33:50 PM by Leave a Comment
A group of enthralled kids watched for an hour as a toy rocket was slowly built by a 3D printer. Another group of students got an up close and personal lesson on how to create a circuit, while others tested their science and math skills with a Jeopardy! challenge. All in the name of making something out of nothing with STEM learning.
The Building Steam Maker Festival, held May 14-16 at Bell Works, brought the maker community together, inviting professionals, amateurs, enthusiasts, hobbyists, innovators, entrepreneurs, tinkerers and craftsmen to showcase their passion for technology and making. The festival was a chance for kids and adults alike to experience, hands on, the most innovative and creative technology around. The name ‘steam’ comes from the recent addition of ‘art’ to traditional STEM (Science, Technology, Engineering and Math) curriculum, making it STEAM-based learning.
Joel Auerbach, the organizer of the festival, aimed to make the event a learning experience for everyone, but focused specifically on students, inviting New Jersey-area schools to attend a special educational day on May 14, filling the giant, open atrium at Bell Works with curious kids.
“As a former educator, I’m passionate about getting kids interested in technology and STEM learning from an early age,” said Auerbach. “Immersive learning is the best kind of learning.”
Students from Middletown high schools, North and South, and Henry Hudson Regional School participated in challenges like an egg drop (an egg is dropped slowly from an upper level of the massive 2 million square-foot Bell Works building), and a downhill derby where participants made and raced their own derby cars. There were a dozen other activities that challenged students, and even some adults, to think like STEAM makers.
“Showing kids how to make something from scratch and then allowing them to get hands-on experience with that object is a great way to encourage engaged learning,” said Auerbach.
Students also got to stretch their mental muscles by going head to head in a Jeopardy! challenge, answering questions like “Who invented the lightbulb,” and our personal favorite, “How many Nobel Peace Prizes were won by Bell Labs scientists?” (Thomas Edison, and eight prizes.)
Building Steam attendees also got a chance to see drones fly and race up close, and even an opportunity to buy their very own drone from Drone Systems Services, an exhibitor at the event. 3D Monstr, a 3D printer designer and manufacturer, demonstrated several different 3D printing projects during the three-day festival, and David Peins, a former educator, taught students computational literacy using robotics, wearable displays and embedded controllers.
“Making something out of nothing allows kids to make mistakes and helps them to understand that there are often many right answers to a given problem,” said David Peins, president of Robodyssey Systems, a teaching organization where children learn the fundamentals of electronics by engaging in problem solving activities. “Because we are so concerned that our children are not going to have the skills or necessary knowledge to succeed in this increasingly complex world, we take away the one thing that may help them — the ability to fail. We constantly check their progress, when what they really need is the confidence to try new approaches to solving problems.”
The Building Steam Festival is only one of the events at Bell Works signaling the rebirth of the spirit of innovation, invention and creativity that was so prevalent in Bell Labs’ heyday. Signs of life are everywhere in renovations happening that include coworking, flexible office and maker spaces and the tenants moving into the historic building like Spirent, Symbolic and Work Wave. The site’s history of education and learning is experiencing a revival too with events like the networking career fair hosted by the mayor of Holmdel for recent graduates and current students on May 25 and the New Jersey Strategic Design and Tech Meetups happening multiple times a month.
For a list of upcoming events, visit https://bellwork.wpengine.com/ and http://www.meetup.com/NJ-Strategic-Design-Tech/
What Will It Take to Spur Tech Innovation in The Garden State?
We don’t have to wait for a tech ecosystem to develop in New Jersey, we have one now. - Ari Rabban
As different as David Sorin and Ari Rabban’s careers have been, it’s a shared passion for technology that drives them to a singular goal: A culture that encourages startups and entrepreneurs to call New Jersey home.
Rabban is the CEO of Phone.com, Inc. Previously, Rabban served as vice president of corporate development and marketing for VocalTec Communications, the VoIP market pioneer and developer of the first Internet phone.
Sorin is the managing partner of McCarter English’s East Brunswick office and the head of the Venture Capital and Emerging Growth Companies practice.
Rabban and Sorin are both passionate about creating the ideal technology startup environment in New Jersey. We sat down with the two tech startup enthusiasts to discuss the future of startups in the Garden State.
We talked about New Jersey’s unique opportunity to take a lead role in today’s tech startup world. Plus, grassroots entrepreneurism, a startup’s true number one priority and the biggest asset of a new tech company.
Here are Ari Rabban and David Sorin:
What is your advice for new startups?
Rabban: For a founder: You have to find the right partner. Don’t give up, but don’t try to break a brick wall. And it’s ok to change course. Listen to your gut, but be 100 percent committed.
Sorin: In order to have a business, your idea and your solution have to solve a real problem in the marketplace — either it drives revenue, reduces costs, improves productivity, increases the bottom line for your customers or your clients. And if you can do it cost efficiently, then you have a business.
Rabban: For a young business: Don’t spend all your money, and get money when you can, not just when you need it. If you can generate revenue, do it.
Sorin: Then you have to think about whether or not seeking outside financing is realistic, your choice of entity (corporation or LLC), how to protect your intellectual property, and what kind of financing strategy makes sense for your business.
How Would You Advise a Startup in the Growth and Development Phase?
Rabban: As you grow from just the core team to new employees, and certainly as you grow above 10-20 people, your strategy should become about the management. The management of people. That is your biggest asset in tech startups. Not a store and not the product you sell. More than your customers. Everything depends on development; if you have motivated, happy, talented employees you will be able to work together and produce good products, fix problems, innovate and grow. Customers will feel it and frankly happy employees will ensure customers are happy – not necessarily true in the reverse. Customers are number two; your people are number one. Only then comes your investors, if you have any.
Sorin: Know and understand your customers, and listen to your target market to best understand what their needs are so that you are meeting them. Because the best way to build a business is by ensuring that what you are developing meets the needs of your clients, customers and prospects. That’s absolutely critical. All along the way you have to be mindful about what your strategies are to protect and preserve your intellectual property. You have to be mindful of your financing strategy. This is really critical from the earliest days through the times when you’re trying to go from an early stage into commercialization.
How Would You Describe the Current State of Tech Startups in New Jersey?
Rabban: We’re not yet top tier, but we’re working our way up. We don’t have to wait for a tech ecosystem to develop in New Jersey, we have one now. The grassroots effort has really changed things for the tech community in New Jersey, and you can’t help but be enthusiastic when you see things happening.
Sorin: There are a lot of people who believe that entrepreneurial activity and innovation is somehow new to New Jersey. But the reality is we have this incredibly rich history and culture of innovation that has always been here. New Jersey was the home of Edison. We’ve had a technological economy and an innovation economy for generations. Whether it’s software information technology, healthcare IT, or telecom, New Jersey is one of the leaders in the country in innovation. It has been, and I believe is currently, and will be for hopefully more than the foreseeable future.
Rabban: Entrepreneurs are doing things differently than they were five years ago. One example is the NJ Tech Meetup happening in Hoboken. This is part of that grassroots effort that is taking place in New Jersey. Grassroots activity or bottom up approach is, I believe, very important to get more of an entrepreneurial spirit going. When individuals interact, network and listen to successful entrepreneurs, share stories etc., it gets infectious and leads to more opportunities and new entrepreneurs
Sorin: 2015 was a very important year in the creation of new, simpler security. We saw a dramatic change in the regulatory scheme, with the advent of crowdfunding in a meaningful way, so those are important elements in making sure we have an environment that is hospitable to growing our tech sector. And all of these Meetups play such an important role, such as industry organizations like NJ Tech Council.
How Can We Foster a Successful Startup Culture in New Jersey?
Rabban: We have to work from the bottom up and really focus on grassroots efforts. We need more entrepreneurs to just start businesses. It’s easier to start a business than ever before. For a tech business, you just need a laptop and a great idea.
Sorin: Never has there been a better time to be an innovator or entrepreneur than right now. There has been a lot of capital available to companies. There are resources available today so companies don’t have to reinvent the wheel, and as a result, less capital is necessary to get new products and solutions to market.
Sorin: It’s the government’s responsibility to make sure we continue to have a highly educated workforce, and a workforce that has the tools and education to meet the challenges of this new economy, and this truly tech-driven economy. A government can provide the incentives through the tax code and through other government programs to encourage and motivate entrepreneurial activity.
Rabban: Universities can help, and the state can continue to create more tax incentives, but ultimately we need more entrepreneurs. We need entrepreneurs who can build cool startups that will draw the attention of venture capitalists who will then open offices near those innovators.
Sorin: Our education system is a critical part of this. So much technology emanates from university labs and business, law, and medical schools. As larger companies become more productive and need fewer employees, there’s this sort of trickle down of very talented people who might have otherwise worked for organizations like that, find themselves displaced, they are using their own entrepreneurial inclinations to come up with other creative ideas. We have to remain a state that constantly finds ways to make it more receptive and welcoming of entrepreneurial activity.
On what makes NJ a great potential for startups
Rabban: Location, infrastructure, academia, big business, proximity to New York City and to Europe, and a little bit of history. Our proximity to New York City is a plus simply because it is New York City. Media, marketing, investors, bankers, academia, talent, events, networking, it’s all close by. It’s a large tech community and we don’t need to compete with New York City. We can embrace it, be an extension of it. As for Europe, it’s much easier to do business with Europe from the East Coast than from Silicon Valley. Many European startups want to come to the United States, and they should come to New Jersey. Our infrastructure supports innovation: the airports and other transportation, our universities and our knowledge base, the commercial broadband and data centers.
Sorin: New Jersey is uniquely situated. We have a quality of life that people like. We have an excellent educational system. We have cultural opportunities, athletic opportunities. We have the Shore and we have mountains. New Jersey is sort of the geographical center of the largest concentration of population and wealth and technology probably anywhere in the country. If you look at Boston to Northern Virginia, we’re the center of that. All of that benefits us.
Where does Bell Works fit into this?
Rabban: The ecosystem. Perhaps an abused phrase, but when you have a place like Bell that is so self-contained with startups, incubators, shared offices, larger companies, events on top of events, lawyers and accountants and other supporting staff, creative marketing and design firms, with restaurants, bars and cafes, something awesome is bound to happen! These coworking spaces are perfect for startups.
Sorin: Companies need far less space than they ever did before. They need more flexibility in their space to grow and shrink depending upon what kind of manpower they need during a particular time in development. So you see the advent of WeWork or collaborative or shared working space, like at Bell Works. Bell Works represents this opportunity to create a very vibrant center of commerce for technology and entrepreneurial activity. With everything going on in the region and the number of people who are supportive of Bell Works, when it achieves its promise, it’s going to be a game-changer, not only in New Jersey, but super regionally. When all of these tech companies and entrepreneurs are housed in one gigantic building, and we actually can create a center that technologist and entrepreneurs want to be a part of, we will once again have that playground to spur innovation.
During his tenure at VocalTec, Ari Rabban served as president of two subsidiaries that were ultimately spun out: Surf & Call Solutions, one of the initial voice-enhanced e-commerce solutions companies, and Truly Global Inc., a web-based communications service. Rabban joined VocalTec from Lucent Technologies, working at the Bell Labs building in Holmdel. Frequently cited as a VoIP market expert, Rabban has been involved with the Internet telephony industry from its very early days.
David Sorin started SorinRand in 2009, focusing on tech and tech-enabled startups. After growing rapidly, the firm merged with McCarter English to become one of the largest firms in New Jersey and one of the top 150 law firms in the country, with a footprint from Boston to Northern Virginia. He focuses his practice on privately and publicly-owned startup, early stage, emerging growth, and middle market technology, tech-enabled and life science enterprises, as well as the investors, executives, and boards of directors who support and lead them.
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Bell Works is the re-animation of Bell Labs into a 'metroburb.' Today, the building is a rapidly evolving two-million-square-foot ecosystem filled with business, dining, culture, and more -- all located an hour southwest of NYC in Central New Jersey.
101 Crawfords Corner Rd
Holmdel NJ 07733
Office Leases (973) 507-0369
Coworking (732) 213-6046
Retail Leases (201) 249-8911 ext 1514
General Inquiries (732) 226-8818
Copyright © 2018 · Bell Works · All Rights Reserved. Site Credit
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who wish to know, from authentic sources, what the facts of our history are ; how our overnment really was administered heretofore; what sort of men our forefathers really were, and how they really acted; and who will not be satisfied with the vague notions which alone can be collected from historical magic lanthorns, like that of Hume for instance, in which no one single object is plainly or distinctly presented to us, but wher: a multitude of images are made rapidly and confusedly to poss before our eyes, distorted and discoloured according to the taste of the showman. - Dec. 1, 1808. W. COBEETI. *, * The First Part will be published on Monday the 2d of January, 1809; and as the number of copies of the succeeding, parts must, of course, be regulated by the degree of success that can reasonably be counted upon, Subscribers are respectfully requested to send in their Names as early as possible. The Work will be published by R. Bagshaw, Brydges Street, Covent Garden ; and will be sold by J. Budd, Pall-Mall; J. Faulder, New Bond Street; H. D. Sy: monds, Paternoster Row; Black, Parry, and Kingsbury, Leadenhall Street; J. Archer, Dubjīn; and by every Bookseller, Law:
Stationer, and Newsman in the United
Kingdom.
Lord AN so N To the Freeholders of the County of Stafford.
Having taken an active part in the Requisition to the High Sheriff to call a Meeting of .
the County of Stafford, I am induced to trespass upon your patience, to state, as briefly as possible, my sentiments re-pocting some part of the proceedings which did actually take place at the Meeting. I entered my Protest against the form adopted by the High Sheriff for introducing the Requisition to public notice. The form was certainly unusual, I believe unprecedented, and a direct deviation on the part of the High Sheriff in his official capacity, from what I humbly conceived to be strictly his duty. I should be almost inclined to say that the calling together a Meeting of any County in a manner so novel, was ill-judged and ill-advised, inasmuch as it might be liable to the imputation of having been so proclaimed, for the express purpose of crea: ting some difference of opinion, as well amongst the Requisitionists, as amongst the other Freeholders of the County, with the hopes, by such a manuruvre of marring the object of the Meeting, and thus checking, if possible, the ebuliition of public spirit. Such having been my seatinents respecting
Advertiser);
the manner in which the Requisition was
announced, I now feel it my duty to enter
my public protest against a Vote of Thanks
to the High Sheriff, moved at the Meeting
which did take place at Stafford; for, in
direct opposition to the statement made in
that motion, I do conceive that there was at least, much, and most notorious irregularity in the mode of convening that assembly.
Under the same impressions it was judged right by many of my friends, not to give sanction to such a liequisition by their attendance on the day appointed by the Sheriff. In this, I felt myself-obliged, though unwillingly, to concur, as my health would not allow of my personal appearance in the county—a circumstance which I cannot sufficiently deplore. For, most assuredly, had I been present at Stafford on the 11th inst. 1 would, at all events, have had the honour of proposing to you the intended Address or Petition to his Majesty, (a copy of which you have no doubt seen in the Staffordshire and notwithstanding it was a Convention of the County, not at all agreeing with my own ideas of regularity, should certainly have given my Brother Freeholders an opportunity of deciding upon the merits of the Address, which it would, under such circumstances, have fallen to my lot to propose, and the uncalled-for Resolutions, which, though they may probably speak the sentiments of some few of the most powerful interests in the county, I will venture to assert and maintain, are by no means declaratory of the real and general sense of the people, with respect to the terms of that most weak and disgraceful, though impor. tant Convention, upon which myself and many of my friends felt anxious to express our sentiments to his Majesty, in a manner the most loyal and constitutional. It may, I know, be urged, that his Majesty has been graciously pleased to institute an Inquiry. It is upon this point, that myself and my friend; on the other side are at issue. His Majesty (as we are informed by the public prints) has indeed ordered a Military Court of Inquiry, and the adoption of such a mode of Inquiry may, at first view, appear to some persons to be all-sufficient. But I beg leave to ask, in case that Military Grand Jury should throw out the Bill, how, or from what quarter is the nation to look for an explanation either consolatory or satisfactory And I very much doubt whether, in any point of view, such a Court will be competent to afford full and comprehensive satisfaction to the Country at large. It is upon these grounds that myself and friends
| were desirous of petitioning his Majesty to
convene his Parliament, for the purpose of instituting an Inquiry and Investigation before that Constitutional Tribunal. Parliament is said to be the voice of the People; by some persons it may be objected that it is not precisely so at this moment, and though the public expectations and anxious wish for truth, and nothing but the truth, might be disappointed equally, even by such a reference, yet the people at large would certainly have no right to complain, as they could only blame themselves for having elected such Representatives, as could sacrifice their Country's glory and honour, either from fear of avowing constitutional principies, or with a view of promoting their own private interest, or party spirit.—Having thus entered my decided protest against the Resolutions passed at the Meeting which did take place, I shall now say a word or two upon the Address intended to have been proposed, the object of which was to request his Majesty to summon his Parliament, and to bring the discussion of the unfortunate Convention before that, the only Constitutional Court.—I earnestly request you to examine with attention the words of that Address. No attack is made upon the character of any set of men. No attempt is made to prejudge any Commander. No allusion is made to any individual.—l defy the most zealous or scrutinizing prerogative stickler, to point out any part of that Address, which is wanting either in loyalty, or attachment to the Sovereign. It is, on the contrary, couched in terms of the most proper respect towards his Majesty; at the same time, that, in temperate but dignified language, it asserts the right of the subject, and expresses boldly, that just sense of the disgrace, which has fallen upon the national character, by an event as unaccountable, as it was unexpected. The Address implies distinctly an imputation of blame somewhere, and solicits a Parliamentary Inquiry into the causes of an evil of such magnitude. —l shall now take my leave of you, with only requesting that you will compare carefally and without prejudice the intended Address, with those Resolutions, which were carried at the Meeting. Let every man appeal fairly to his own heart, whether the Address intended to have been proposed, is not more adapted to his own private sentiments, more consonant to the public opihion, and more congenial to the feelings of every Englishman, who professes an honest, though not parasitical loyalty to his King, and an attachment invincible to the laws and Constitution of his Country.—I entreat you to make this comparison in order to convince
nable bulwark of South America.
yourselves, that the Address alluded to, breathes NO spirit, which is not most truly and strictly honourable to the feelings of subjects of a great empire, and that I may stand acquitted before my Brother Freeholders, of having been actuated by any other motives, than such as glow in the breast of every true and free-born Briton. I am proud of participating in such sentiments, and have the honour to be, “ In this matter, “ as in all others in which" not only “the ‘‘ Independence and Honour of the County “ of Stafford" but of “ the Kingdom at “ large, are concerned,”—Brother Freeholders, Yeur devoted and faithful Servant, —ANso N. Bath, Nov. 15th, 1808.
OFFICIAL PAPERS. BUE Nos AYREs. Proclamation by Don Santiago Liniers y Bremond, Piceroy, Governor, and Provincial Captain-General of the Provinces of the Rio de la Plata, &c. Dated Buenos Ayres, Aug. 15, 1808. (Concluded from p. 864.) I communicate this by special couriers, to all the heads of provinces on this continent, that by adopting one uniform system, they may make the greater efforts to facilitate the succours necessary to preserve the glory acquired by a city, which from its local situation, and its energy, has been, and will continue to be, the impregBut I cannot conclude without impressing upon you, and yourselves cannot but know it, that no force is comparable to union of opinion and feeling, nor any means more effective to preserve you invincible than reciprocal confidence between you and the constituted authorities, who, attentive only to the public interest and benefit, will see with dissatisfaction and abhorrence every thing that opposes or separates itself from the general prosperity.—SANTIAGo LiNiers.—Buenos Ayres, Aug. 11, 1808. FRENch Exposé. Paris, Nov. 3 –In the sitting of yesterday, his excellency the minister of the interior, accompanied by Messrs. de Segur and Corvetto, counsellors of state, pronounced the following speech on the situation of the French empire : —Gentlemen, you terminated your last session, leaving the empire happy, and its chief loaded with glory. The year has passed away, and a multitude of new circumstances have added to the good fortune of the country, and increased our hopes of future benefits. All that I have to state to you, gentlemen, is already known to you ; and, for your full information, I have ou!y
to retraee to your memory the principal events which have filled up the interval between your last and your present session, and to recal to you the additional advantages for which France is indebted to the wisdom and valour of her sovereign. I will speak to you first of the wants of nations; justice, public instruction, the arts and sciences, the numerous branches of internal administration, public worship, the finances, and our principal relations with the states of the Continent. The recital will bring us of course to this lamentable war, which we maintain against one single people. The glory of our nation wounds that people, our strengthalarms them; the independence of our commerce and our industry disquiets them ; every thing is again subjected to the fortune of war; but the days of justice are not far distant.—[Here follows a long detail respecting the administration of justice, the principal amelioration of which consists in the establishment of the trial by jury, on the precise principles of the English law. The next head is that of public worship, which is followed by that of sciences and literature, public instruction, &c.—These articles being of great length, and less immediate importance, we reserve them for a future opportunity, and proceed to the heads which are most interesting to the English reader.] —Among the arts of industy which have made progress in the course of this year, we must enumerate the manufactury of tin. In two of our manufactories they have attained a degree of perfection, no ways yielding to that of the English. A premium of encouragement has been given accordingly ; and another is also destined to ulterior efforts in the same branch.-The mechanics, in their endeavours of simplifying their looms, and introducing economy in their labours, have often also improved the quality of their stuffs. Those that are used in the weaving of cotton, have, for several years, been much multiplied ; the spirit of invention has brought them to perfection. There is nothing now but what we can make, and very well. The weaving of the cotton has made as marked a progress as the spinning. These two kinds of industry are already adequate to the consumption of the empire, which is for ever liberated of the grievous taxation it has hitherto been under to the Indian manufacturers and to their oppressors. The machines best calculated for the manufacture of cloths, are already in wide circulation; they have lately been much encouraged by advances made to different manufacturers in the departments.-The oonservatory of arts and handicraft is daily
enriching by the requisition of new patterns, and is entitled to commendation for the information which the pupils receive, who frequent its school of drawing and descriptive geometry. Reforms have been made in the school at Chalons-sur-Marne.—The consultation chambers of the manufactures are hastening to present useful views, which will be taken advantage of. The institution of arbitrators, for the purpose of deciding with celerity variances that may arise between the workmen and their employers, render to industry services which have been set forth. Since your last session, gentlemen, several towns have demanded them, and there are already some established at Nimes, Aix-laChapelle, Avignon, Troies, Mulhausen, Sedan, and Thiers. Commer ce.—The political events have been unfavourable to commerce. It still was kept alive in the midst of the contentions that have deluged the Continent in blood, because those nations that were involved in the war preferred their neutrality—that right deemed, even in our times, inviolable. But the English legislation, already misled by the ambition of universal monopoly, has overthrown the ancient barrier of the law of nations, and trampled their independence under foot, substituting in the room of them a new maritime code. The ordinances of his Britannic majesty have realized these innovations: that of the 11th of November, 1807, is particularly remarkable; it pronounces, by an universal blockade, the interdiction of all our ports, in subjecting the ships of neutral powers, friendly and even allied to Great Britain, to the visitation of its cruisers, to be conducted to British ports, and there to be taxed by an arbitrary inquisition.—The emperor, obliged to oppose just reprisals to this strange legislation, gave out the decree of the 23d of November, ordaining the seizure and confiscation of the ships which, after having touched in Enggland, should enter the ports of FranceFrom these measures, provoked by the British laws, the almost absolute cessation of the maritime relations, and many privations for the French merchants, manufacturers, and consumers, must have necessarily ensued. We all know with what resignation these privations were endured; we know that they are already become habitual, that they have awakened the genius of invention, and produced a j resources in substitution of the objects which we are in want of; we know, finally, that a great nation, essentially agricultural, can, by possessing in abundance all articles of utility, easily fore
| go those, which only form certain luxutics
or conveniencies of life, particularly when its independence and glory should be put at stake.—These circumstances have favoured one of the greatest scourges of commerce, smuggling. But it has been strongly repressed. The government is preparing new means against this foe to the public revenue, and national industry : the great emoluments it procures excites the most ardent cupidity. Those, who ought not to be honoured with the approbation of merchants, lest we
themselves to criminal peculations; they think that they are only braving the shame of an ordinary transgression; but the public indignation and vengeance will overtake them, and teach them that under circumstances where the nation employs for its defence, in an unexampled war, the interdiction of all commercial relatione with the enemy, the violation of thess dispositions is an hostile declaration, a true alliance with this same enemy that consequently every smuggler renounces the benefit of the municipal laws, to be subjected solely to those of war, and that he ought to dread the terrible and rapid application of those laws, which authorise the invasion of his fortune and personal castigation.—The government, penetrated with the situation of the French commerce, has strove to mitigate the evils, to provide for its wants. —Abroad, a treaty with the kingdom of Italy secures to France all the advantages which are compatible with the reciprocal justice. In the interior, various sums, which have been advanced to manufacturers and proprietors of produce, which public events had accumulated or cramped in their stores.—The Caisse d'Armortissement has interfered in the outfittings of adventurers. --A law has limited the bounds of the interest on money; offices established at Lyons and at Rouen are prelusive to a grand system of facility in the circulation of the numerary and merchandize —The exchange and the commercial tribunal of Paris see rising for their accommodation a stately palace, on the scite of the nunnery of St. Thomas, —Conformably to the new code, an organisation of the tribunals of commerce of the empire is preparing. The prefects, the courts of appeal have been consulted on the most eligible scites for these tribunals, as well as on the subject of their number, the judges and their surrogates. A general project has been submitted to the discussion of the council of state, and to the sanction of his majesty. Agriculture.—The prefects, the courts of appeal, and of the members of the general
councils of department, formed in commission, are also called upon to give their advice on a project of the greatest utility, that of a rural code, so important to the prosperity of agriculture, and so closely interwoven with national prosperity.—In the meantime, one of the principal improvements of which agriculture is capable, is daily effected by the re-organization of our repositories for the breed of horses. Eight new repositories
of stallions have been formed this year. should degrade commerce, are still devoting
Premiums held out to the owners of the best horses brought to the fairs, rewards decreed at the departmental races, are so many additional means of favouring the production of the most eligible species of this animal. —Two new sheep-farms have been introduced. Six hundred Merinos, breed, have been ordered from Spain, and they are already arrived in France, notwithstanding the variety of obstacles that have occurred on their passage. They will be divided in two new establishments, as yet in embryo. The multiplication of the flocks increases rapidly, and we may consider the happy revolution introduced in this branch as completed.—May it one day be so also with the culture of cotton. In spite of the contrarieties of a hardy spring, and a tolerable cold autumn, the attempts made still give room to hope for ultimate success. We are justified to augur well also of the attempts made on the subject of the syrups of the grape. The rich culture of tobacco is daily extending ; that which is gathered in the vicinity of St. Malo, equals in quality that of America., France will one day, to judge by appearances, not only supply its own wants with that production, but also export it to her neighbours. The Public Treasure and Finances.—Regularity, and a judicious administration, prevail in every department of the public treasury.--The national accounts are reduced to a system the most scientific and luminous; it differs from the mode adopted by the most intelligent merchants, only in the extent and necessary complication of the transactions of government.—The finances have been gradually brought by the emperor, from a state of dilapidation and confusion, to a state of order and prosperity unknown in the governments the best administered. It is a trophy raised by vigorous exertion, by combinations the most judicious, and by a persoverance which has unravelled the most intricate details, and surmounted incredible difficulties. The nation enjoys the benefits which result from this new sort of conquest. Since France has geneiously consented to the adoption of indirect taxation, the finan
of the best
ces have really been consolidated, and the utmost facility of carrying on the functions of every department of the public service.— The finances in modern times may be consi. dered as the security of states, and the measure of their stability. If they furnish government only with inadequate, precarious, or oppressive resources, its energies become paralyzed, individuals insolvert, and if war, or any other calamity, should visit a nation tinder these circumstances, it must subscribe to its own dishonour, or be involved in irretrievable ruin.—The finances of a state are not essentially and efficiently good, until they become independent of circumstances —until they can be maintained independently of the ruinous expedient of resorting to loans and excessive contributions—tintil, in fine, they are so connected and identified
with national prosperity, that they constitute
a direct emanation from it; then only can they be deemed solid, efficient, permanent, and essentially national, and, particularly, if they have received an organization sufficiently simple; so that in an extraordinary emergency, all the property, and all the individuals may be called upon, promptly, to furnish their respective quotas in advance. —The endeavours of his majesty have been incessantly directed to the attainment of this desirable object, and they have been crown
just and reasonable has been effected—it remains only to linit to the survey or regis.
ed by the most complete success, and the
will be sufficient to desray the public ex
pences, and will leave a large surplus for national improvements. The receipts, which amount at the present moment to 800 millinus, will, according to this arrangement, be reduced one-fourth.-In time of war, it is not in the contemplation of his imperial majesty to resort to the illusory expedients of imposing taxes of a novel description, or to hold out temptation to raise new supplies. The contributions on the recurrence of war will be brought back to the war standard— i. e. SCO millions, and even then raised only by 100 or 150 millions at a time, in case of need; and this will be done by a simple scale, or table of proportions, which will enable every citizen to judge of the share he has in the good or bad fortune of the state.— Observe, gentlemen, that this simplicity has no athnity or connection with that so considerably extolled as the result of a single direct contribution; it is, on the contrary, founded on a conviction that taxes ought to be laid on various objects, that our laws of finance include all the taxes which it was expedient to establish, and that all that is
ter, without which the uniform progress of
deficient, in proportion, and would continue to affect the proprietors of the funds actually surcharged; the making up of this register, which ought to efface so much inequality, to repair so much involuntary and inevitable injustice, is pursued with so much constancy, that those who disbelieve the practi. cability of this immence work, no longer doubt of its speedy execution. I must not here omit, gentlemen, the creation of the court of accounts, to the establishment of which you co-operated in your last session. We wanted a new institution, powerful in its unity, present to all the depositaries of the public property by the rapidity of its
inferior accountants connected with the public income and expenditure. This court ought, by the distribution of its duties, and the number of its members, to be adequate to all the occasions, and responsible for all the labours, that may be entrusted to it. The principles on which this establishment rests, the choice of its members, the consideration in which they are held, everything guarantees the success the government has promised itself, that of a salutary controul over the several accountants. Administration of the War Department. —The same principles of order, and the same views for the acceleration of the service, have influenced the general direction of the commissariat, whose first essays justify the expectation that had been formed. This administration renders the supplies of the army independent of contractors, who have so frequently done injury, at the same time that it secures the advantage of our economy, very sensible to the public funds. Marine.—Though during the present campaign the government has limited its maritime operations, still a squadron armed at Toulon, as if by enchantment, and conducted with skill, has been able to defeat, by able manoeuvres, the combinations of the enemy, by conveying to Corfu two year: supplies of men, artillery, provisions, and ammunition. After having this rendered useless the expedition with which that barrier of the Adriatic was threatened, the fleet of Admiral Gantheaume returned safe through all the difficulties of a boisterous navigation, and all the dangers of continued tempests. The colonies have in like manner been successfully supplied with provisions, by sovodrons of frigates and corvettes, which, while
they sulfilled that important object, had,
the scale of increase or diminution would be
action, embracing ai: the responsibility of
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The week would seem incomplete without reviewing a volume of Nana, the popular manga series where love and heart break go hand in hand. Reading this manga series is like going on an emotional roller-coaster every week. Always anxious to see who is enjoying happiness and who is wallowing in sorrow.
Description (from Goodreads): One of the tabloids hounding Blast and Trapnest have photos that make it look like Reira and Ren are having an affair. With Nana and Ren's engagement recently made public, the photos could spell doom for both bands. Takumi's willing to do whatever it takes to save his band, but how will it affect Nana K. and the happily ever after she's still hoping for?
Review: After Search’s cruel engagement gift which contained suggestive photos of Ren and Riera at the end of volume fourteen, this volume opens with the fallout from that and Takumi’s cunning efforts to keep the photos and bad publicity out of the papers. Unfortunately, the ramifications of the photos aren't easily rectified as Nana O's and Ren's relationship begins to fray further and they have to confront one another. Nana K. and Takumi are finally get married, thanks to Takumi’s sly plans of diverting the intention from Nana O. and Ren to himself and Nana K. Yasu and Miu begin to solidify their relationship as well, which makes me really happy because both of these characters do so much for other people's happiness. Of course all this new news brings Nana O’s abandonment issues to the fore front as she watches the most important people in her life drifting further away from her. Nana O. isn't a perfect heroine by any means and she can be quite self centered, but you can understand how she uses Yasu and Nana K. as her own anchor. In the earlier volumes, she came off as a strong, independent, force of nature, but I think she's terrified of being abandoned again and her fear is quickly triggered. Like Nana O. and Ren, Shin, too is dealing with the aftermath of the Search incident as Reira, suddenly aware of how vulnerable her world is to scandal, suggests they stop seeing each other. I was incredibly sad for Shin as I think he has finally fallen in love with a person who returns his feelings without making him feel like a prostitute.
Nana can easily follow the path of a soap-opera with the wild melodramatic plot twists, but what I think that elevates this story from that level is the attention to human interactions in the series. With her brilliant close-up shots of the characters, you can actually delve deeper into the psychology of each of the characters. No character is absolutely good or evil. Even as much as I hate Takumi (and boy do I hate this guy), I can't help but give him kudos for thinking on his feet. I also love the simple inner monologue lines that are written on the page which can exude so much truth that it can make you flinch with its brutal honesty. It is this attention to the details that keep me riveted and wanting to continue reading this series.
Words of Caution: Sexual situations, crude humor, some language, and nudity. Recommended for mature teens and adults only.
If you like this book try: Nana Vol 16 by Ai Yazawa, Honey and Clover by Chica Umino, Tramps Like Us by Yayoi Ogawa
Labels: 2012 100+ Reading Challenge, 4 stars, Adult, Friendship, Manga, Music, Nana, Romance |
My heart can't take much more of this series Rummanah, I don't know how you're doing it! I want to throttle all of them! But, like you said, they're brilliant characters to be able to elicit such emotion from readers, so even as my heart hurts at all the drama I can't help but appreciate this series for what it offers:)
Well the series certainly has a lot to offer! An emotional roller coaster and add in crude humor and nudity well that sounds like fun.
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First Look: A mocha v3 review on fxguide.com
tags: Mocha, News
First look: Imagineer’s mocha v3 by John Montgomery for fxguide.com. view the original article
April 16th will bring the release of mocha v3, and it’s a big one. The version has a number of new features and a huge amount of work has gone into improving workflow for artists and facilities. It’s shaping up to be the biggest release and the most popular ever from Imagineer, having been in development for over 18 months. New features include:
New Roto Tools: Transform Tool and Join Layers (point parenting).
Layer Management: View, organize, color code and group layers
Project Management: Merge and share projects between artists
3D Camera Solve: Camera export for After Effects, Nuke, C4D & Maya
Dope Sheet: new keyframe editor
There will be tiered upgrade pricing from all mocha versions, including the bundled Adobe AE version.
In this fxguide exclusive, we’ll take a look at some of the tech behind the new features, a bit of behind the scenes into the development of the software, as well as a written review and hands-on video from fxphd prof Ben Brownlee. Brownlee is teaching a new mocha Pro v3 course at fxphd this term, and the new release will also be available on the VPN. But before we get to that, a bit of historical perspective is in order.
At IBC 2001, Imagineer showed their planar tracking technology publicly for the first time, launching mokey, a removal product which allowed artists to get rid of objects in a scene with less manual tracking and painting/clone techniques. Planar tracking tech grew out of computer vision research carried out at Surrey University in the late ’90s. It uses techniques from 3D tracking rather than 2D approaches like optical flow, combining several different algorithms to produce a robust result.
Traditionally, most tracking was done by selecting a small region on the screen and having the software track the area from frame to frame. The software uses various ways of analyzing the pixels on screen from frame to frame in order to track the pixels. If an artist wants to map an object onto a plane, one would generally do a four point track, manually placing tracking points at appropriate places in order to define the rectangular plane.
With planar tracking, the process is a bit different. The artist feeds an application information as to what to track by creating simple spline shapes. The planar tracker then analyzes all the pixels in the shape and determines which are moving on the same relative plane. While some users interpret “planar tracking” as only solving “flat” screens, almost all objects can be analyzed as a flat pixel pattern. With this in mind, mocha’s planar tracking is excellent at tracking faces and objects that are not thought of as “planes.” Comparing all aspects of this “planar pixel pattern” over time is what allows an application such as mocha’s tracker to stay locked on through color shifts, luminance changes and blurs.
Additionally the shapes can use multi-layer modes to animate, add or subtract to the search area. Using these methods, mocha’s Planar Tracker is quite robust and easy to use in its ability to track through problematic shots such as tracking obscured objects, motion blurred pixels and objects that go offscreen. Using traditional point-based tracking methods, there is generally considerably more artist intervention.
In 2003, Imagineer worked closely on an R&D basis with London-based Cinesite during post for Harry Potter and the Prisoner of Azkaban. Cinesite was looking or an efficient way for inserting the animated paintings into the picture frames on the hallways at Hogwarts. This R&D development became a product in 2004 when Imagineer introduced monet, a planar tracking and insert compositing station designed to easily insert content into moving shots.
In 2006 mocha was first introduced as an affordable planar tracking and roto utility, designed to export 2D tracking and roto data into apps such as Flame and Smoke, Avid, Final Cut, After Effects, Fusion, NUKE, and others. The following year, the planar tracking tech was introduced to a much wider audience when Imagineer licensed mocha AE to Adobe and had the product bundled with After Effects CS4. With After Effects in the mix, Imagineer now has over 42,000 users worldwide.
Two years later, mocha and mocha AE v2 were released, featuring an improved UI and stabilization module. The applications reached 64-bit support in 2010 with the release of v2.5 as well as saw significant improvements in speed, including hardware accelerated rendering. In 2010, Imagineer also dramatically simplified their product line. Over the years, the array from products (mokey, monet, mocha, etc) from Imagineer could be seen as somewhat confusing, so they decided to combine products and into one: mocha Pro. mocha Pro had a new UI and modules, including Remove, Lens Distortion, Insert Compositing, and Stabilize. It quickly became Imagineer’s best selling product.
Versions 2 and 2.5 were important releases for interface design, 64 bit support and the merger of all of Imagineer’s technology into one code base with mocha Pro. While all of this was necessary to better support their customers and clean up the product line, there were not many “cutting edge” new features in those releases. That changes with the release of Mocha Pro v3 and Mocha AE v3 in 2012.
Mocha v3
The development process for v3 brought some change to the way Imagineer worked with their customers. They have always had a good relationship with facilities (Cinesite is a good example of this), but tried to get even more of their customers involved early on. “One thing that we approached differently for this release was to solicit customer feedback very early in the process,” says Imagineer’s Ross Shain. “In fact, we shared early ideas with some select customers over a year ago to make sure we were going in the right direction and addressing their feature requests.”
It’s easy to focus on the numbers of mocha AE users around the world, due to the ubiquitousness of the After Effects software. However, mocha Pro is rapidly becoming a go-to tool in the feature film arena. One of the main areas Imagineer has seen growth in has been the stereo conversion market as well as large scale roto pipelines. “More facilities have been using mocha to assist with roto and clean plating,” says Shain, “so we worked with artists from Digital Domain, Legend 3D, Identity FX and more to help prioritize features. From this feedback, we focused on layer management, project merging, advanced roto editing improvements and more.”
A telling sign of the adoption of mocha Pro at these high-end facilities is the acknowledgment of one feature that didn’t quite make it into the release: Python scripting support. According to Shain, the groundwork has been started for this, and will be added to a v3 point release in the not-to-distant future.
The workflow changes made in the software aren’t just something that large facilities appreciate, as you’ll read later in Ben Brownlee’s review of the software. While not necessarily sexy, those kind of improvements have a big impact day to day — features such as more keyboard shortcuts, new transform controls, layer management, and a proper dopesheet for keyframe editing will be improvements artists see every day.
As an artist we often look at a piece of software and figure that workflow changes shouldn’t be all that hard to do….after all, they’re generally tweaks. However, many of the changes in this release involved some major changes to the tools. “Adding layer multi-selection was probably the single biggest job because knowledge of which layer is being manipulated is vital to almost every part of mocha,” says Shain. “The layer list has been completely rewritten and shares foundations with the new dope sheet. The new layer backend has the potential for more powerful organizational tools such as nested groups, tagging and search, features we could add in the future if users ask for them.”
As far as single features go, probably the biggest is the addition of the new 3D Camera Solve. It’s important to note, however, that this isn’t meant to be a replacement for a standalone application such as PFTrack or SynthEyes. It’s intended “to add an easy to use, alternative to conventional camera tracking,” says Shain. “There are shots where a full camera track is necessary or advanced track editing is required that we are not exposing to the user.” Instead of exporting point clouds, mocha v3 exports a camera and planar data such as 3D nulls or axis points.
Users of mocha have asked for the ability to export 3D data for years. In fact, according to Shain, many customers use mocha alongside camera trackers to help with difficult 3D solves. “They use mocha to planar track various objects on screen, add 2D grids or patterns, then re-run them through their 3D tracking apps to get the final solve,” says Shain. “So polling our user base and hearing stories of how mocha’s 2D tracks were assisting on difficult 3D solves gave us reason to focus in this area.”
Imagineer’s 3D solver uses planar tracking to its advantage (such as tracks through heavy blur or obscured objects where point trackers break down) to solve a virtual camera. “We believe that once customers get used to this idea and methodology, the feature will find its place in many workflows,” says Shain. “Certainly customer feedback will greatly influence the direction we take with the feature, but in this first instance, we are looking at this as a way to solve the 3D camera and select planes within a scene. We expect it will compliment the other 3D trackers quite well.”
The software doesn’t attempt to create a true physical camera, but provide a camera that works for a specific task. “All our calculations are done in pixels relative to the image dimensions and our camera focal length is expressed as an angular field of view,” according to Shain “For many visual effects tasks this is all you need, our tool is not designed for situations where you need a physically accurate model of the scene.”
This begs the obvious question as to whether mocha should include a 3D environment for making roto easier for artists. After all, rigid objects in a tracked scene can become much easier to roto, track, and isolate, simply by placing shapes at the appropriate location in 3D space. According to Shain, this is definitely a direction where they can see the product going. “Adding proper 3D space in conjunction with planar tracking could make for some very useful tools and improve things like roto or object removal,” says Shain. “Our tools are also being used quite a bit in stereoscopic conversions and there are many areas here that 3D space could be useful.”
There are several algorithms available for use in mocha v3 in order to get an accurate solve. There’s an auto mode, which before analysis does some quick measurements as to how layers in the scene move and then chooses the right algorithm. But if that doesn’t work, users can choose one of the four algorithms manually.
The PTZ (pan/tilt/zoom) solver uses the fact there is no change in perspective on the scene to give an almost instant result, but because there is no parallax, the relative depth can’t be determined and all the objects are placed at the same depth in the scene.
The two moving-camera solvers (small and large parallax change) each make different assumptions about how the camera moves that optimize them for different types of shot. Small Parallax works for shots where the camera moves slowly over a short distance relative the distance to the subject. So an aerial shot where the camera moves a 100 feet at an altitude of 1000 feet is “small” even though the actual distance the camera moves is quite far. The Large Parallax solver assumes the camera is close to the subject and moving fairly quickly. This is the solver to use for fast moving hand-held or tracking shots where the angle of view between the camera and the subject changes a lot.
They also have a fourth solver, which is used for moving objects. Solving the camera needs stationary objects, but once the camera is solved we can convert any planar track in the scene into a 3D solution for that layer.
We’ve asked Ben Brownlee to provide an overview of the new features which, as we mentioned before, include some very significant workflow features.
mocha v3 overivew
by Ben Brownlee
Version 3 of any software is an important milestone. There is an expectation of maturity now. The issues with V1.0 are meant to be long since fixed, the core of V2 is solid, so V3 holds the promise of a fully-featured workhorse. Imagineer Systems mocha has now hit that magic number and it opens itself up to an even wider range of users.
Imagineer Systems’ product family has always been built on the planar tracker. This single piece of technology has been the basis for a whole range of tools over the years, including mokey, monet and, of course mocha. At its core, it offers rock solid tracking where point trackers would fall over. How you used that tracking data was up to you and the product you were using. Whether that was object removal, screen insertion, to aid roto work or just as exported trackers to your chosen compositing app.
Although this release does have some big new headline features like the 3D Camera Solver, for people who use mocha on a daily basis, you’ll probably be more impressed by the less flashy stuff.
This is a huge usability upgrade if you are working on larger projects or complex roto. There are now proper layer management tools. No more working with a huge list of layers. Layers can be grouped, collapsed and both layers and groups can be easily colour coded. On paper this sounds a little tame, but the time savings over the course of a day are huge. It also means that house rules regarding layer structuring can more easily be enforced. So when you pass your shot on to another artist either in mocha, they can see immediately what they are working with. Likewise, when you come back to your own shots after a couple of weeks, you’re not wasting time figuring out what you were thinking that day. Your 20 layer hand roto sits in its own group, hidden away until you want it.
Another problem fixed in V3, was how you managed larger shots that required multiple artists. Now it is simple to merge projects together into a single master. Boom. Solved.
The roto toolset is significantly improved. For a product that was highly reliant on understanding the distortion of planar surfaces with its tracking, when it came to manual shape animation things were not so easy. Again, that has changed. It is now straightforward to do distort, skew and non-uniform scales. What does this mean for your workflow? Simply put, less work, fewer keyframes and better animation. The more natural movement you can capture with the main shape, the less work there is to do on individual control points.
The bounding box that lets us do all of these shape transformations is not limited to a single shape. Select multiple shapes or even just a few control points, and the box automatically resizes to fit the new selection. This opens mocha as a seriously fast rotoscoping tool. For those of you who have taken one of my classes, you’ll have realized how this fits perfectly into my roto ethos; track what you can, animate your total shape and only then hit your control points for the fine-tune. This keeps things, fast, simple and easily fixable!
I’ve been working with a pre-release version mocha Pro V3 for a while now and the productivity improvements with these tools are immense. You know a feature is good when you dread going back to working without it.
In the past, joining layers together hasn’t always been smooth. The Join Layer tool worked for the frame you joined them at. Then stopped working as soon as you animated either control point. It worked. Just with limitations. Those limitations are now gone in a very smart manner. The Join Layer tool, now creates a Parent/Child relationship between the two points (or a Master/Slave one if that’s your particular bent). Connect your two or more points together to create a seamless edge between them. Great not just for clean rotoshapes, but essential for complex object removal in mocha Pro’s Remove module.
As the father of a three-year old, I prefer to think of it this as Parent/Child because the child can move the parent around as easily as the other way around. Obviously this is to keep the edge seamless no matter what you do. Of note, it is only the Parent control point that can break the join. How to tell a Parent point? Both from the air of world-weariness that hangs around it and its fancy new icon (a triangle).
There are more small improvements to make life easier, better keyboard shortcuts, including nudging and Viewer. Also is the move away from the Curve Editor to do keyframe manipulation. Taking over that mantle is the Dope Sheet. Instead of fighting the Curve Editor to delete, move or copy/paste keyframes, the Dope Sheet displays them in a straightforward manner. The next time the tracker goes awry, you pop into the Dope Sheet select the dodgy keyframes and delete them. No fuss. No hassles. No selecting the same keyframes multiple times. It’s always the small things that make me happiest.
With that being said, I come to what may be the biggest “new feature” of the release, the 3D Camera Solver module. That’s right, mocha is breaking away from 2.5D tracking data. You can now get two different types of 3D solve out of mocha, using your planar tracking data. Either take out a nodal pan (Pan, Zoom, Tilt) from a moving camera at a fixed point (e.g. mounted on a tripod), or a Perspective Camera, calculating data from a more complex camera move (e.g. dolly, crane or even handheld). The number of shapes you have to track (read, amount of work you have to put in) obviously depends heavily on the type of movement and your material. Once your camera is solved, you can then export this either to After Effects or FBX. An additional plug-in is required to read your camera data in After Effects and FBX export is limited to mocha Pro.
The camera solver doesn’t offer the same sort of interactivity as a dedicated 3D Matchmover, such as PFMatchit or SynthEyes, but as a Value Add to the already impressive toolset, it is a worthy addition. It is also a fast way to get even more use out of your tracking data.
I have been working with Imagineer Systems’ products for almost 10 years now, and when it was released, the mocha product really bridged the gap in the market between incredible tracking data and flexibility of use. mocha Pro greatly increased the software’s internal range of functionality by skimming off the best features of the now defunct mokey and monet. But by focusing on core functionality both in terms of workflow and rotoscoping tools, this threatens to be the most important release in its history. It opens it up to large workgroups, working on big projects and offers even more tools for the lone wolf, who just needs to get their project finished before deadline.
mocha is becoming a Swiss Army knife of post – it sits between so many apps that the export drop-down is on the verge of unwieldy. Its feature-set is specialized enough that it does stuff better than the tools built-in to your compositing app to justify the roundtrip into another interface. The way this software has matured into the new Version 3, makes me genuinely excited by this release.
Hands-on video
Brownlee works through some of the new features in the software, in this video overview.
Ben Brownlee is teaching a new intermediate level mocha pro v3 course at fxphd during the April term. The new version of mocha Pro will be available on the VPN, which allows members to run the software while learning.
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Home / Collections / Inspired Rings / Wish Band
Wish Band
4.0 / Platinum - $1,700.00 4.0 / 14k rose gold - $1,200.00 4.0 / 14k white gold - $1,200.00 4.0 / 14k yellow gold - $1,200.00 4.5 / Platinum - $1,700.00 4.5 / 14k rose gold - $1,200.00 4.5 / 14k white gold - $1,200.00 4.5 / 14k yellow gold - $1,200.00 5.0 / Platinum - $1,700.00 5.0 / 14k rose gold - $1,200.00 5.0 / 14k white gold - $1,200.00 5.0 / 14k yellow gold - $1,200.00 5.5 / Platinum - $1,700.00 5.5 / 14k rose gold - $1,200.00 5.5 / 14k white gold - $1,200.00 5.5 / 14k yellow gold - $1,200.00 6.0 / Platinum - $1,700.00 6.0 / 14k rose gold - $1,200.00 6.0 / 14k white gold - $1,200.00 6.0 / 14k yellow gold - $1,200.00 6.5 / Platinum - $1,700.00 6.5 / 14k rose gold - $1,200.00 6.5 / 14k white gold - $1,200.00 6.5 / 14k yellow gold - $1,200.00 7.0 / Platinum - $1,700.00 7.0 / 14k rose gold - $1,200.00 7.0 / 14k white gold - $1,200.00 7.0 / 14k yellow gold - $1,200.00 7.5 / Platinum - $1,700.00 7.5 / 14k rose gold - $1,200.00 7.5 / 14k white gold - $1,200.00 7.5 / 14k yellow gold - $1,200.00 8.0 / Platinum - $1,700.00 8.0 / 14k rose gold - $1,200.00 8.0 / 14k white gold - $1,200.00 8.0 / 14k yellow gold - $1,200.00
Platinum 14k rose gold 14k white gold 14k yellow gold
Wish V-shaped Chevron Stacking Diamond Curved Wedding Band
The perfect ring to stack or to wear alone. Our skinniest diamond band, individually handset by our seasoned craftsmen. Our shimmering chevron band is the perfect classic choice for a wedding band.
The diamonds are pave set half-way with a solid, comfort fit band. The profile offers exceptional strength and comfort. Available in alternate metal combinations, contact us for details. Allow two weeks for delivery.
Diamonds F,VS .12 ct total weight
Style is available as a custom design
Arrives in our signature presentation box
Designed and crafted in Boston, MA
#bostonianwish
Honeycomb Ring
Honeycomb Stacking Band
Twisted Cushion
Bostonian Tendril Ring
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Iowa State University Extension and Outreach Northwest Iowa Dairy Outlook
Ag Sector: More Workers and Higher Wages
November 22, 2019 nwiadairyoutlook
There were 23,000 workers hired directly by farms in the Cornbelt II Region (Iowa and Missouri) during the reference week of July 7-13, 2019, according to the latest USDA, National Agricultural Statistics Service – Farm Labor Report. Farm operators paid their hired workers an average wage rate of $15.08 per hour, up $1.24 from July 2018. The number of hours worked averaged 37.2 for hired workers during the reference week, compared with 33.4 hours in July 2018.
During the reference week of October 6-12, 2019, there were 26,000 workers hired directly by farms in the Cornbelt II Region (Iowa and Missouri). Farm operators paid their hired workers an average wage rate of $15.10 per hour during the October 2019 reference week, up $0.57 from October 2018. The number of hours worked averaged 38.3 for hired workers during the reference week, up from 35.6 hours in October 2018.
There were 809,000 workers hired directly by farm operators on the Nation’s farms and ranches during the week of October 6-12, 2019, up 3 percent from the October 2018 reference week. Workers hired directly by farm operators numbered 802,000 during the week of July 7-13, 2019, down 5 percent from the July 2018 reference week.
Farm operators paid their hired workers an average gross wage of $15.02 per hour during the October 2019 reference week, up 4 percent from the October 2018 reference week. Field workers received an average of $14.38 per hour, up 5 percent. Livestock workers earned $13.77 per hour, up 3 percent. The field and livestock worker combined gross wage rate, at $14.21 per hour, was up 4 percent from the 2018 reference week. Hired laborers worked an average of 42.5 hours during the October 2019 reference week, up 2 percent from the hours worked during the October 2018 reference week.
Farm operators paid their hired workers an average gross wage of $14.91 per hour during the July 2019 reference week, up 4 percent from the July 2018 reference week. Field workers received an average of $14.19 per hour, up 4 percent, while livestock workers earned $13.79 per hour, up 4 percent from a year earlier. The field and livestock worker combined gross wage rate, at $14.08 per hour, was up 4 percent from the July 2018 reference week. Hired laborers worked an average of 41.7 hours during the July 2019 reference week, up 1 percent from the hours worked during the July 2018 reference week.
The 2019 all hired worker annual average gross wage rate was $14.91 per hour, up 5 percent from the 2018 annual average gross wage rate. The 2019 field worker annual average gross wage rate was $14.11 per hour, up 6 percent from the 2018 annual average. The 2019 livestock worker annual average gross wage rate was $13.74 per hour. The 2019 annual average combined gross wage for field and livestock workers was $13.99, up 6 percent from the 2018 annual average of $13.25 per hour.
Ag Labor Ag Labor
Dairy Goat Producers Rally To New Program
Global Dairy Trade Event 252 concluded with the GDT Price Index up 1.7%
I-29 Moo University Dairy Beef Short Course to Focus on Carcasses and Animal Health
Eye on Employees webinars to address farm labor concerns
WASDE Report Lowers Milk Production Forecasts
Tweets by NWdairyfmhall
Northwest Iowa Dairy Outlook
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Third Time Was Not a Charm: Halle Berry Divorcing Olivier Martinez
By Ephrat Livni, Esq. on October 28, 2015 12:25 PM
Actress Halle Berry is divorcing her French husband, actor Olivier Martinez. The two met on a movie set in 2010 and married in 2013 while she was pregnant with their child. "It is with a heavy heart that we have come to the decision to divorce," the couple said in a joint statement to People.
According to the magazine, sources said that the relationship had run its course. The couple, however, appears to harbor no ill will and wishes each other well.
Privacy for the Children
Berry and Martinez told People in their jointly-issued statement that they are moving on but still love each other. "We move forward with love and respect for one another and the shared focus of what is best for our son. We wish each other nothing but happiness in life and we hope that you respect our and, most importantly, our children's privacy as we go through this difficult period."
The bit about their kid's privacy is no doubt informed by Berry's recent experiences. The Oscar-winning actress has been in a public, dramatic, and long-lasting custody battle with her ex-boyfriend, model Gabriel Aubry, over their 7-year-old daughter.
The One Now the None
Berry, 49, reportedly called Martinez, also 49, "the one" although he was technically her third husband. Her second husband was singer Eric Benet. She was also married to baseball player David Justice in the early 1990s.
In August, Berry and Martinez were still making nice, brunching affectionately in LA, per People. Thing change fast in Hollywood, however. Now the one is being relegated to ex status and Berry is moving on from Martinez, for whom this is the first divorce.
But beware any grand declarations from this actress. In 2007, Berry told InStyle magazine that she would never marry again.
Follow FindLaw for Consumers on Facebook and Twitter (@FindLawConsumer).
Halle Berry Sues Ex Over Daughter's Hair (FindLaw's Celebrity Justice)
Halle Berry's Ex Accused of Child Endangerment (FindLaw's Celebrity Justice)
Halle Berry to Seek Restraining Order Against Gabriel Aubry (FindLaw's Celebrity Justice)
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Student eBulletin
Plaster Student Union & Missouri State Info and Events
What’s Happening: October 8 – October 20
October 7, 2014 by Kari Jo Freudigmann
Energy Awareness Month
Stomp Out Hunger
Italian American Heritage Month
National Disability Employment Awareness Month
First Block Class End
Fall Break
Second Block Classes Begin
Refund Deadline
Bearfest Village and Bear Statue Dedication
Bear Tracks 5K
Building Energy Competition
Hour Without Power
Dining in the Dark
Campus Sustainability Day
Do One Thing Instagram Competition
Hermés Quartet | String Quartet
Decorate Downtown
Window Painting / Spirit Banner / Chalk-n-Rock
Bookstore Madness
Can We Build It
Maroon and White Night
Pep Rally / Yell Like Hell
Homecoming Dance
National Coming Out Day and GLO Center Anniversary Open House
Ally Week
Homophobic Dilemmas in Pop Culture
Big Gay Talent Show Auditions
The Normal Heart
Kick-Off *Rescheduled
SAC Events
Movie: Jurassic Park
After Hours: Homecoming Dance
Rock n’ Bowl
Soar Leader Information Session
Wall of Fame Induction Ceremony
Bear Service Team
Food Assistance for Students
Halloween Spooktacular at Dickerson Park Zoo
Meals a Million
W Soccer
W Golf
D3 Hockey
Buffalo River Backpacking Trip
SHARP Sessions
Yoga by Jack-O-Lantern
48th annual Ski Trip
CPR and First Aid Certification
September 15 – October 15
Each year, Americans observe National Hispanic Heritage Month from September 15-October 15, by celebrating the histories, cultures and contributions of American citizens whose ancestors came from Spain, Mexico, the Caribbean and Central and South America. The observation started in 1968 as Hispanic Heritage Week under President Lyndon Johnson and was expanded by President Ronald Reagan in 1988 to cover a 30-day period starting on September 15 and ending on October 15. It was enacted into law on August 17, 1988 on the approval of Public Law 100-402. The day of September 15 is significant because it is the anniversary of independence for Latin American countries Costa Rica, El Salvador, Guatemala, Honduras and Nicaragua. In addition, Mexico and Chile celebrate their independence days on September 16 and September 18, respectively. Also Columbus Day or Dia de la Raza, which is October 12, falls withing this 30 day period.
Energy Awareness Month is a campus-wide effort to raise awareness about energy consumption and challenge faculty, staff and students to reduce their energy usage.
See below for individual event information.
October 1 – October 24
See below for more information.
Every year the U.S. president signs an executive order designating the month of October as National Italian American Heritage Month. Coinciding with the festivities surrounding Columbus Day, the proclamation is recognition of the many achievements, contributions, and successes of Americans of Italian descent as well as Italians in America.
LGBT History Month is a month-long annual observance of lesbian, gay, bisexual and transgender history, and the history of the gay rights and related civil rights movements. It is observed during October in the United States, to include National Coming Out Day on October 11. LGBT History Month originated in the United States and was first celebrated in 1994. It was founded by Missouri high school history teacher Rodney Wilson. Spectrum and Advocates, MSU’s LGBT and Ally Alliances, along with the Office of Multicultural Programs provide a month-long series of events on campus to commemorate LGBT History Month. These include dances, panels, film screenings, fundraisers, discussions, art displays, and an annual talent show.
Please see below for individual event information.
In 1988, Congress designated each October as National Disability Employment Awareness Month (NDEAM). The Office of Disability Employment Policy has the lead in planning NDEAM activities and materials to increase the public’s awareness of the contributions and skills of American workers with disabilities. Various programs carried out throughout the month also highlight the specific employment barriers that still need to be addressed and removed. This effort to educate the American public about issues related to disability and employment actually began in 1945, when Congress enacted a law declaring the first week in October each year “National Employ the Physically Handicapped Week.” In 1962, the word “physically” was removed to acknowledge the employment needs and contributions of individuals with all types of disabilities.
First Block Classes End
First Block classes end today.
Final exams for first block classes will be held during the last scheduled class.
Classes will not be held on October 9 and 10. Offices will be open.
For a message from the Homecoming Committee, visit our Guest Blog.
Second Block classes begin today.
See Academic Calendar for drop, withdrawal, and refund deadlines.
Today is the last day to change sections, drop, or withdraw from fall 2014 Full Semester classes, with 25% refund.
Saturday, October 18 at 11am-2pm, BearFest Village
A new bear statue will be located in the new diamond plaza area north of The Bill O’Neill Way gate entrance to Plaster Stadium. Dedication and unveiling will take place on Homecoming at noon, while BearFest Village is in full swing. The statue is a gift from the 2013-14 senior class, Darron and Donna Hemann and other private gifts.
MSU Students Caleb Doyle, Jordan McGee, and Ryan Gilyard will be featured speakers.
Please visit Athletics or Bearfest Village for more information about tailgating.
Saturday, October 18 at 7am, Plaster Student Union Plaza
On your mark, get set… go! Bears will race across the finish line to win medals, trophies and cash prizes. The race will start and finish at the Bear in front of Plaster Student Union.
All participants will receive a gift bag. Trophies and cash prizes will be presented to the first-place male and female finishers. Medals will be awarded to first, second and third place finishers in the following age categories:
$15 for students of any age with an ID
$20 for adults pre-registered by 5 p.m. on Oct. 14
$25 for adults on race day
Packet pick up is on Friday, Oct. 17 Noon-6 p.m. Ridge Runner Sports 3057 South Fremont Avenue Springfield, Missouri
Please register for the race online, by mail or in person at Ridge Runner Sports.
September 29 – October 19, Springfield Campus
All buildings on campus will compete to see who can conserve the most energy. The buildings with the largest reduction in energy usage will receive banners to be displayed until the next energy competition.
September 29 – October 19 at 5pm-6pm, Springfield Campus
We challenge you to consume zero energy – turn off lights and power down your devices. Can you go an hour without power?
October 13 – 17 at 11am-1pm, Garst
October 20 – 24 at 11am-1pm, Kentwood
October 22 at 11am-1pm, PSU NE Lobby
Join your fellow bears, commit to Do One Thing to reduce your energy usage. Follow @MSUSustain on Instagram to learn how to enter #MSUEnergyMonster
Over $500 in prizes, including: Osprey Backpacks from Dynamic Earth; 5 Hot Yoga Classes at Sumits Yoga; $10 gift card to Mudhouse; Free Jimmy Johns Subs; $25 gift card to MaMa Jeans Natural Market; $10 gift card to Grad School; 1 Reusable Cup Membership. Enter by October 31st. Winners will be notified on November 3rd.
Wednesday, October 8 at 7:30pm, Juanita K. Hammons Hall
Violinists Omer Bouchez and Elise Liu, violist Yung-Hsin Chang, and cellist Anthony Kondo won the 2012 Young Concert Artists International Auditions. The Paris-based ensemble currently holds the Helen F. Whitaker Chamber Music Chair of YCA. Student rush tickets available for $10 one hour prior to the performance with a valid student ID.
Ticket are $20 for onstage seating at the Missouri State Tix box offices.
Find out more about Homecoming by looking at our Guest Blog.
Sunday, October 12 at 12pm, Downtown Springfield
Each participating student organization will be partnered with a downtown Springfield establishment. It will be the responsibility of your organization to reflect the spirit and pride of Missouri State Homecoming with exciting and appropriate decorations. Each organization is to remember that they are representing Missouri State University and should reflect their school pride in their decorations.
Sunday, October 12 at 2pm, PSU North Mall
Decoration of Plaster Student Union as part of Homecoming competition
Monday, October 13 – Saturday, October 19 all day, Bookstore
Select items per day will be on sale for 20% off original pricing at the Bookstore and online at missouristatebookstore.com. See the website for more details about which products will be on sale and when.
Monday, October 13 at 2pm, Trottier Plaza
In conjunction with the University Public Affairs mission, Can We Build It is a way to show off your organization’s talent and support a local charity. All food will be donated to Ozarks Food Harvest.
Tuesday, October 14 at 7pm, Hammons Student Center
Come see who can put on their best rockstar impression. Participants will be singing and dancing their hearts out trying to get first place.
Wednesday, October 15 at 4pm, PSU North Patio
It is time for our annual chili cook-off! Let’s see who on this campus is the best cook. Come out and support your friends while enjoying the smell of yummy food. This event will also feature free inflatable games and a free concert.
Thursday, October 16 at 6pm, Hammons Student Center
Let’s get pumped up for the big game on Saturday by celebrating at the biggest pep rally of the year. Come out and enjoy some fun!
Thursday, October 16 at 9pm, PSU Ballroom East
The Homecoming dance is a Headphone Disco for students. Each attendee will be given a pair of headphones with three channel settings, allowing them to choose the music they want to dance to. Attendees may dress as desired; casual, fancy and everything in between.
Friday, October 17 at 4:30pm, Allison South Stadium
Balloons will be popping, trivia will be answered, and sponges will be relayed. This event will surely become a Homecoming favorite!
Saturday, October 18 at 9am, JQH Parkway
Come out and begin our Homecoming celebration. The parade starts at 9 am. The Bear Fest Village Tailgate Party starts at 11 am. The football game starts at 2 pm.
National Coming Out Day and GLO Anniversary Open House
Saturday, October 11 at 10am, GLO Center
Celebrate the Gay and Lesbian Community Center of the Ozarks (GLO) anniversary with Spectrum, Advocates, and Lambda Alliance on the National Coming Out Day
Monday, October 13 – Friday, October 17, Springfield Campus
A whole week where we can engage in a national dialogue about how everyone in and out of school can work to become better allies to the LGBTQ community.
Wednesday, October 15 at 6pm, PSU 312
Rethinking popular culture and examining the effects on the LGBTQA community
Thursday, October 16 at 4pm, PSU 312
We’ll be holding a auditions for anyone willing to showcase their skills. All talents are welcome – and all ages. Please spread the word to anyone you think should show their talent at the Big Gay Talent Show!
Thursday, October 16 all day, Springfield Campus
Millions of American wear purple on Spirit day as a sign of support for the LGBT community and to speak out against bullying.
Friday, October 17 at 7:30pm, 431 S Jeffereson Ave #136
Saturday, October 18 at 7:30pm, 431 S Jeffereson Ave #136
Sunday, October 19 at 2pm, 431 S Jeffereson Ave #136
Saturday, November 1 at 7:30pm, 431 S Jeffereson Ave #136
Sunday, November 2 at 2pm, 431 S Jeffereson Ave #136
Fall 2014 marks the 25th anniversary of the theatre production that put Springfield, Missouri in the national spotlight. Larry Kramer’s landmark play about love, AIDS and New York in the 1980s chronicles the rise of the AIDS crisis in New York City as seen through the eyes of writer/activist Ned Weeks, the gay Jewish founder of a prominent HIV advocacy group. Ned unexpectedly finds himself at the forefront of the fight against AIDS at a time when the disease was so terrifyingly new it didn’t even have a name. As more and more of his friends fall ill, Ned tries his best to rally support for the cause all the while finding love with Felix and raging against institutions of media, medicine and government that seem determined to ignore him. The play is as dramatically powerful, timely and poignant as it was when it first appeared in 1985. Winner of the 2012 Tony Award for Best Revival of a Play, this production contains adult language and subject matter.
Thursday, October 23 at 6pm, PSU North Mall
Celebrate the start of LGBT History Awareness with your LGBTQ friends and family! Be sure to swing by and mingle with Spectrum, Advocates, Lambda Alliance, and the LGBT Resource Center.
Find out more about SAC films, concerts, and comedy by looking at our SAC Events Blog.
SAC Movie: Jurassic Park
Wednesday, October 15 at 9pm, PSU Theatre
Sunday, October 19 at 9pm, PSU Theatre
Free movie in the PSU Theatre. Check out SAC Events Blog for more information.
Thursday, October 16 at 9pm,
Friday, October 17 at 7:30pm, PSU Level 1 Game Center
Free bowling, table tennis and billiards in Level One Game Center.
Monday, October 20 at 7pm, Meyer Library Room 101
Tuesday, October 21 at 6pm, Meyer Library Room 101
Want to know more about being a SOAR leader, including responsibilities, qualifications, benefits, compensation and more? Then attend one of our two upcoming SOAR leader information sessions.
Visit http://www.missouristate.edu/soar/applyforsoar.htm for more information about the position and opportunities to tell us you are attending on Facebook.
Friday, October 17 at 4pm, PSU Ballroom
Over its 108-year history, Missouri State has developed a rich heritage of outstanding faculty and staff who have contributed much to the success of our university. The Wall of Fame, which is located outside the ballroom in the Plaster Student Union (3rd floor), is a designated location for the university to recognize and honor employees who have excelled at Missouri State and significantly contributed to the success and positive collegiate experience of students. While Missouri State has had many outstanding employees during its long history, the intention of the Wall of Fame is to recognize those faculty and staff members who have had a positive impact on students that is considered truly noteworthy.
For more opportunities, subscribe to the Community Opportunities Newsletter.
Bear Service Team (BST) is a student organization team that plans and promotes service opportunities for Missouri State University students. BST collaborates with local agencies in Springfield and beyond to have meaningful service experiences that allow students to become engaged in the community. BST is looking for students who want to become engaged in the community, have a passion for social issues, and have creative ideas about how to get students involved. Visit the Center for Community Engagement (the green room) for more information and pick up an application!
Mondays and Tuesdays at 3pm-6pm while MSU is in session
The Food Pantry for Missouri State University Students is for any student facing food insecurity. This may be students going hungry, not able to make ends meet, facing a delay in Financial Aid or other assistance, or any other reason.
Well of Life – MSU Student Food Pantry
418 S Kimbrough
(Just across from the Qdoba near Bear Park North)
Thursdays – Sundays, October 9-31 at 6:30pm-9pm, Dickerson Park Zoo
Halloween SPOOKTACULAR is the largest on-grounds annual fundraiser for Friends of the Zoo. 2014 is the 31st year of hosting this family friendly, evening Halloween event. Halloween SPOOKTACULAR averages 20,000 attendees, and proceeds from SPOOKTACULAR support the zoo’s Conservation Education and Outreach programs.
About 30 volunteers will be needed each night. Most evenings more than one service group will be used to fulfill the requirements. It is suggested that you select 2 or 3 possible dates for your organization to volunteer in case your first choice is not available. It is very important to be accurate with your RSVP numbers when scheduling volunteer groups so that plans can be made accordingly. In most cases, it is not possible to accommodate groups larger than the nightly requirements, but groups can be split over multiple evenings.
On the evening you are scheduled: Be at the zoo no later than 5:45 p.m. for event orientation and volunteer assignments. Please plan to stay until 9:30 p.m. If you choose to dress in a costume, please make certain it is non-scary & family appropriate! Keep the weather in mind when choosing a costume. Please note: SPOOKTACULAR is an outdoor event and DOES NOT cancel due to poor weather conditions.
All treats are provided by the zoo. Not all volunteers will be handing out treats; at least half will be working activity stations and interactive areas. Princesses and Superheroes: On select nights, when we do not have actual actors in these areas, we would like a couple of volunteers to dress as princesses and superheroes for interaction with kids. If interested, please inquire specifically about these character positions for details and scheduling.
Contact: Erin Hitsman (Sorensen)
E-mail: ehitsman@dickersonparkzoo.org
Website: http://www.dickersonparkzoo.org
November 14-16, Springfield Exposition Center
Friends Against Hunger is hosting the Meals A Million Pack-A-Thon! Every half hour, 100 volunteers will start packaging food. In past years, MSU Bears have filled thousands spots to help package meals.
Register you and your organization to volunteer: MealsAMillion
Contact: Karen Wood
E-mail: director@fahunger.org
October 1-24, Springfield Community
Join Missouri State, Drury, OTC, Evangel and SBU in making a difference both locally and globally through the all collegiate shoe drive.
Donating just one pair of shoes directly helps feed the hungry both in the U.S. and internationally, provides footwear goods for local vendors in developing countries, helps build water purification systems for villages in Kenya and Haiti, as well as impacts educational and healthcare needs.
Shoes will be collected at sites across campus from October 1-24th. The final “shoe-in” will occur on October 24 at 1-4pm at Country Girls Espresso, 2671 E Sunshine St, located next to Schweitzer United Methodist Church!
For a review of events that have already happened, please visit our Athletics Blog Page.
Friday, October 10, Volleyball vs. Wichita State, 7pm, Hammons Student Center
Saturday, October 11, W Soccer vs. Evansville, 7pm, Allison South
Tuesday, October 14, W Golf vs. MSU Payne Stewart Memorial, 8:30am
Thursday, October 16, Swimming and Diving vs. Drury, 6pm, Hammons Student Center
Thurdsay, October 16, D3 Hockey vs. Marquette, 7pm, Mediacom Ice Park
Friday, October 17, Field Hockey vs. Central Michicgan, 4pm, Allison North Stadium
Friday, October 17, D2 Hockey vs. University of Iowa, 7pm, Mediacom Ice Park
Friday, October 17, D3 Hockey vs. McKendree University, 9:45pm, Mediacom Ice Park
Friday, October 17, Football vs. South Dakota, 2pm, Plaster Stadium
Saturday, October 18, D2 Hockey vs. McKendree University, 3pm, Mediacom Ice Park
Saturday, October 18, D2 Hockey vs. University of Iowa, 7pm, Mediacom Ice Park
Sunday, Octover 19, Field Hockey cs. La Salle, 11am, Allison North Stadium
Looking for an interesting way to explore the Ozarks? Look no further than Outdoor Adventure’s Buffalo River Backpacking Trip! The trip will start on October 18th at 9AM and return on October 19th at 5PM. Register by October 13th for this $35 trip that includes everything but food.
SHARP Sessions are set! Register online for this free self-defense course for females. There will be three sessions you can choose from. All held from 6:30-9PM in the FRC, studio A:
Session 2: October 20-21, Register by October 17
Session 3: November 17-18, Register by November 14
Mark your calendar for October 27th, it’s Yoga by Jack-O-Lantern! Get in the Halloween spirit by taking Yoga in a studio lit by jack-o-lanterns. This special event will be at 7PM and cost only $2.
We’re already planning your winter break! The 48th annual Ski Trip is scheduled to Steamboat Springs, CO during December 13-20. Learn more about this awesome opportunity at http://www.missouristate.edu/recreation/OutdoorAdventures/140219.htm
American Red Cross CPR and First Aid Certification. Register online or in person at the FRC. Registration deadline is 2 days before each class. Limited seats are available. CPR/AED and First Aid are held in the Aquatics Classroom. CPR is $55 and First Aid is $40.
CPR/AED Session 2: October 8 from 1:30pm-5:00pm
First Aid Session 2: October 8 from 5:00pm-6:30pm
CPR/AED Session 3: November 15 from 8:30am-12:00pm
First Aid Session 3: November 15 from 12:30pm-2:00pm
This certification does not fulfill the requirement for MSU nursing students.
Power Yoga dates are set for this fall! Here is a list of all your Power Yoga options:
Session 2: Tuesdays, 12:10-12:50PM, 10/21-11/11, Register by 10/17
Session 2: Thursdays, 12:10-12:50PM, 10/23-11/20, Register by 10/17
Open to faculty and staff, eligible for non-credit fee waiver, $35 for members, $45 for non-members.
Personal Training is offered at the FRC! Reach all of your goals this year with help from one of our certified personal trainers. For more information visit our website: http://www.missouristate.edu/recreation/Wellness/AssessmentsAndTraining.htm
Massage Therapy is offered at the Foster Recreation Center. Check our website for more information on times, prices, and how to sign up: http://www.missouristate.edu/recreation/Wellness/Massages.htm.
September 30, 2014 by Kari Jo Freudigmann
Academic Integrity Days
CLUE: Is It or Isn’t It?
Mock Academic Intregrity Hearing
Real Life Consequences of Ethical Decisions
Chinese Cultural Differences
Trivia Competition
Crossing the Ethical Boundary: Insights from a Fraud Investigator
What Would the World Look Like without Academic Integrity?
Discovery Center “Free Day”
Miscast Cabaret
21st Annual AIDS Walk
Movie: The Goonies
After Hours: Capture the Flag
University Community Band Concert
M Soccer
Climbing Expedition at Horseshoe Canyon Ranch
River Canoe Trip
Intramural Registration
Wednesday, October 1 at 10:10am, PSU Ballroom
In this interactive, fun session, participants will discover that academic integrity is no game. Help each other determine who committed the academic integrity offense.
Mock Academic Integrity Hearing
Thursday, October 2 at 11am, PSU Ballroom
Thursday, October 2 at 2pm, PSU Ballroom
Participate in a mock hearing and help the panel determine if a violation has occurred.
Wednesday, October 1 at 1:25pm, PSU Ballroom
A recent federal parolee will share his story of how his life changed forever as a result of poor ethical decisions he made professionally.
Wednesday, October 1 at 4pm, PSU Ballroom
A realistic discussion – in Chinese – of cultural differences experienced by Chinese students attending MSU.
Thursday, October 2 at 12:30pm, PSU Ballroom
Free food and great prizes! Come individually, or sign up a team before October 1 by contacting AcademicIntegrityCouncil@MissouriState.edu.
Thursday, October 2 at 4pm, Glass Hall 108
The Academic Integrity Council and the College of Business bring Angela R. Morelock to the MSU community to share insights from a fraud investigator.
Thursday, October 2 at 5:30pm, PSU Ballroom
Video and/or print contest winner presentation. Top entry will receive an iPad mini donated by PCnet. Runners up will receive gift cards donated by Commerce Bank, MSU Bookstore, and Walmart.
Wednesday, October 1 at 9am, Discovery Center
Discovery Center has utilized the plans of The Smithsonian Institution Traveling Exhibit of Green Revolution and developed Springfield’s own exhibit with recycled and re-purposed materials. Unlike most traveling exhibits, Green Revolution isn’t packed in a crate and doesn’t travel by truck, so it has virtually no carbon footprint.
September 29 – October 3 at 11am-1pm, Blair Shannon
Wednesday, October 1 at 6:30pm, PSU Theatre
The students of Missouri State University’s theatre, dance and music programs will present Miscast Art 2014: Fun Laughs and Good Times at the PSU Theater, Wednesday October 1, 2014, 6:30pm. Admission is free to the public.
This cabaret, conceived by Darryl Kent Clark, Assistant Professor, Dance, is one of many events at the university that will recognize GLBTQA History and Heritage Month. The cabaret is made of moments from a variety of the best known plays and musicals of the 20th century with a special and unique TWIST!
Thursday, October 2 at 6pm, PSU North Mall
Saturday, October 4 at 9am, Phelps Grove Park
Bring your families, friends, pets, and walking shoes to help raise funds for AIDS awareness in Southwest Missouri.
SAC Movie: The Goonies
Wednesday, October 1 at 9pm, PSU Theatre
Sunday, October 5 at 9pm, PSU Theatre
Thursday, October 2 at 9pm, Trottier Plaza Bear Head
This will be a campus wide game of capture the flag among students. Two teams will battle for victory in the darkness. Teams will be decided on site; come with friends or come alone and leave with friends.
Friday, October 3 at 7:30pm, PSU Level 1 Game Center
Monday, October 6 at 7:30pm, Juanita K. Hammons Hall for the Performing Arts
The University Community Band will present a free concert on Monday, October 6 at 7:30pm in Juanita K. Hammons Hall for the Performing Arts.
Students, if you are going hungry, or just need something to get you through to next pay check, 3 Springfield food pantries can assist you. Visit the Food Assistance page for more information.
Contact: Karen Wood, 417-773-1639, director@fahunger.org
Friday, October 3, Field Hockey vs. Kent State, Allison North
Friday, October 3, W Soccer vs. Indiana State, 7pm, Allison South
Friday, October 3, Volleyball vs. Drake University, 7pm, Hammons Student Center
Saturday, October 4, Football vs. Youngstown State, 2pm, Plaster Stadium
Saturday, October 4, M Soccer vs. Drake University, 7pm, Allison South
Saturday, October 4, Volleyball vs. Northern Iowa, 7pm, Hammons Student Center
Sunday, October 5, Field Hockey vs. Davidson, 11am, Allison North
Tuesday, October 7, M Soccer vs. Oral Roberts, 7pm, Allison South
Interested in a Climbing Expedition? Outdoor Adventures is headed to Horseshoe Canyon Ranch! This overnight climbing trip will be held from October 4th-5th and cost only $70 for everything but food! For more information check out the Outdoor Adventures page of our website or call the welcome desk at 417-836-5334.
So many trips so little time! Outdoor Adventures is also planning a Current River Canoe Trip on October 9th-10th for only $60! Canoe 15 miles of this scenic river with OA. Sign up now so you don’t miss the mandatory pre-trip meeting on October 6th.
Guest Blog – Commencement
Missouri State Magazine
Events in Review
Events in Review Select Month May 2018 (1) November 2016 (2) October 2016 (1) September 2016 (3) May 2016 (1) April 2016 (5) March 2016 (2) February 2016 (4) January 2016 (4) November 2015 (3) October 2015 (5) September 2015 (4) August 2015 (3) May 2015 (1) April 2015 (4) March 2015 (3) February 2015 (4) January 2015 (4) December 2014 (1) November 2014 (3) October 2014 (4) September 2014 (10) August 2014 (1) May 2014 (5) April 2014 (17) March 2014 (12) February 2014 (14) May 2013 (8) April 2013 (17) March 2013 (8) February 2013 (5) January 2013 (7) November 2012 (11) October 2012 (16) September 2012 (11) August 2012 (11) July 2012 (1) June 2012 (3) May 2012 (4) April 2012 (8) March 2012 (10) February 2012 (12) January 2012 (9) December 2011 (3) November 2011 (14) October 2011 (8) September 2011 (14) August 2011 (9) July 2011 (6) June 2011 (12) May 2011 (13) April 2011 (16) March 2011 (2)
Want your event featured on the eBulletin?
If you have photos or info from any of the events around MSU and would like them featured on the eBulletin contact Julie Hill or Josie Harpole.
After Hours athletics Awesome baseball basketball campus rec Campus Recreation concert cpr Deadlines Events field hockey Film first aid food assistance Football Free haven Information lecture massage therapy missouri state magazine Missouri State University movie MSU msu athletics opportunities personal training Plaster Student Union PSU PSU Theater rock n bowl sac SAC After Hours SAC Films sharp sessions soccer softball Sports Springfield Student Activities Council union update Volleyball weekly preview yoga
Last Modified: October 2, 2014
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Ari Shishler
Give this to your child instead of a smartphone
“Does your school provide iPads in the classroom?” It sounded more like an accusation than a question and I was on the back foot. My mind scrambled to defend Jewish Orthodoxy from the scathing accusation of non-progressiveness, but I realised I would have to admit that my kids still learn from books.
Society is obsessed with gadgetry. We text as we talk, Instagram while we walk and Facebook during meals. Not too long ago, families could take the phone off the hook at mealtimes. Today, your only respite is a Wi-Fi outage. Toddlers swipe before they speak and soon after they learn to talk, they opt to text instead.
We egg them on, of course. We download kiddie apps to sing Old MacDonald and to teach our children numbers and colours in our place. We supply our children with smartphones and tablets in junior school and we expect their teachers to up-skill them in the use of technology (which makes little sense, considering that most kids are more fluent in technology than adults). There is an urgency and obsession to thrust our children into the cyber-reality, because “they say” that is where the future lies, and we’d hate for our munchkins to fall behind the curve.
Parents want their children to have the best opportunities possible. We know that. And the push for kids to master the cutting edge of progress is nothing new. In fact, one of the earliest protagonists of this parenting-style was the Biblical character, Og. Og, the giant, first appears in the Torah as a contemporary of Abraham. He later pops up during the time of Moses. Og was king of Bashan, a mighty nation that the Jews conquered before entering the Promised Land.
In an subtle reference, the Torah alludes to Og’s parenting philosophy, one that may sound familiar to 21st Century parents. It has to do with his bed. Og has a supersized bed made of iron. The Torah calls it an “eres (ערס)“, which relates to the Hebrew word for a baby’s crib, an “arisah (עריסה)“. Scripture doesn’t waste words on decor, so there must be a coded message in that description. It turns out that Og wanted babies to experience iron from day dot. Back then, iron was cutting-edge technology. Og believed that every child needed early exposure to that important technology in order to succeed in life.
Og had already aired strong views on child-rearing Abraham’s banquet to celebrate Isaac’s birth. There Og had commented that he saw no future in Abraham’s heir-apparent. To him, a child brought up to follow an abstract value-system, based on belief in an invisible deity could never amount to much. Og boasted that his pragmatic legacy would outlast and overpower Abraham’s idealism.
Initially, his theory seemed to work. Og became king of a mighty nation, conquered many armies and enjoyed widespread renown. He likely scoffed at how Abraham’s descendants eventually escaped centuries of slavery, only to wander aimlessly for decades in the wilderness.
Og was a big-shot in his time, but his powerful legacy died with him. You will never meet someone named Og. Bashan ceased to exist over 3000 years ago. Ironically, the man who had pegged his success on the power of iron, was felled by an iron blade.
Today we still have Avrahams. And Yitzchaks. And Moshes. Our abstract religion, dedicated to an intangible G-d, lives on in just about every country in the world and has become the basis for the moral fabric of most societies.
Og argued for keeping up with the times; Jews have outlasted the times.
By all means, let your child enjoy a smartphone or tablet. But, don’t convince yourself that the forefront of today’s technology will guarantee your children’s future success. Apple and Android will one day follow the path of the typewriter and the Polaroid. You’d do better to offer your child an appreciation of Higher Authority, a sense of purpose and clearly defined values.
No, my school does not have iPads in the classroom. But, it does offer my children something far superior to modernity: Eternity.
Inspired by an insight of the Lubavitcher Rebbe
Rabbi Shishler together with his wife, Naomi and their eight children, runs Chabad of Strathavon in Sandton, South Africa. Rabbi Shishler is a popular teacher who regularly lectures around the globe. he hosts a weekly radio show in South Africa and is the rabbi of Facebook's largest Ask the Rabbi group.
100 European legislators visit Auschwitz, urged to be tougher on anti-Semitism
Yaakov Schwartz
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← “Excited about being on the dark side.”
“I’ve learned a whole lot.” →
One thing I can’t help wondering about after reading this piece by Bill Shanks – okay, one thing after I wondered why the Macon Telegraph can’t find somebody who writes better than Bill Shanks – is would people be moaning about an 8-4 season in 2013 if C.J. Mosley hadn’t tipped that pass and Mitchell had come down with it to put last year’s Georgia squad in a national title game?
My point here isn’t to play woulda, coulda. I’m simply asking how much Georgia making a title game after winning the SEC would have changed your current perception of the program and Richt, assuming your feelings are similar to those of Shanks’. If your position is that it wouldn’t have and that 2013 reflects not so well on either, I respect your intellectual consistency. If, though, you admit that you wouldn’t feel nearly as harshly about both had Georgia faced Notre Dame, are you really saying that your disappointment boils down to a tipped pass?
Again, I’m not asking if you agree with Shanks’ arguments. I’m sure many of you do. I’m just curious how much you’d be complaining if Mosley hadn’t made a great play. Tell me in the comments.
171 responses to “So near, and yet so far.”
I’ve been one that botches now an then about coaches, but I am all for this coaching staff staying in place. The only caveats are I really have my doubts about Lakatos being the right guy… And Grantham needs to show his ability to adapt in some of his coaching philosophies. But I see very little that isn’t fixable. Given the adversity the coaches and players have had to gace this year, it’s hard for me to bitch about 8-4, and the most maddening thing is that we had a real deal offense that could have gotten it done with a serviceable defense, which I really don’t think we had, even when healthy….. And I HATE that for Aaron Murray most of all. But the coaching turnaround Mark Richt did behind the scenes that led us to last year’s outcome and almost outcome, convinced me that we can’t ask for much more, IMO.
I had the same thought earlier this year when Murray’s legacy was being discussed. For the people that thought he was “pretty good” or “slightly above average” (yes, I heard plenty of it). The difference between “Legend” and “slightly above average” is supposed to be more than a fingertip.
The real question to ask is would this season have been a disappointment had the injuries been less intrusive? With a healthy Gurley UGA beats Vandy and Missouri. I firmly believe that. And with a healthy WR core I think we beat AUB. So would 10-2 or 11-1 be a disappointment? Some seasons are lost due to unforeseen issues. 2013 was one of those seasons. It sucks, but that’s life. But if 2013 is the final straw that breaks a fan’s back, that seems silly to me.
I get that. The problem is that most people have already made up their minds on Richt, so the injuries this year are similar to the injuries in Goff’s last year, in that detractors are overlooking their impact because their minds are already set.
Spot on. People see AUB winning and get pissed (as do I). But sometimes it’s harder to accept there isn’t much to be done. AUB is playing for a national title with a defense ranked 95th !!! in YPP. Think about that. You know how hard it is to pull that off? You need not just some luck, but an enormous amount of it. Georgia is in a better position than every school in the SEC except Bama moving forward. People need to understand that.
If we’re going to play “what if” with injuries, a healthy Gurley for the entire game, and certain and full game from 100% Gurely plus Malcom Mitchel and we’re talking about possibly not losing a game, even with a mess on D. (The Vandy and UT games aren’t close, and the Missouri and Auburn games look like the Sakerlina and LSU games.)
But that would be a mix of the luck to stay healthy, and Murray + Gurely carrying us.
As crappy as part of this season has been, the lackluster results will hopefully spark far more effort than making the title game with a lesser squad than 2012’s. (For example, the questioning of Friend and the OL is a lot less loud if we went 12-0 or 11-1.)
Bulldawg165
Saying that our disappointment boils down to a tipped pass is pretty simplistic. We had a heck of a break with the blocked FG returned for TD and we didn’t capitalize on it in the end. Without that play (that rivals Auburn’s FG returned for TD in every aspect except timing and final outcome) we’re down by 11 on our final drive (and possibly 14 if the FG is good).
We had the lucky break we always wanted but we didn’t play well enough the rest of the game to capitalize on it. That’s the difference between teams like us and teams like Auburn.
Again, I’m not asking you to vent (or, in your case, re-vent). I’m simply asking if Georgia had made the play at the end to win the game, would it affect your perception of the program?
If you don’t want to answer the question, that’s fine. But I really don’t want to hear the same old stuff rehashed in this thread. Thanks.
I assumed your question was at least a little rhetorical. How could someone NOT feel better about their team after a MNC?
If I’m asking for responses, I think you can assume the question wasn’t rhetorical.
Senator, if the tipped pass in the 2012 SECCG had been an isolated event I would agree with your premise. Unfortunately, it is not. Rather, the tipped pass is another in a long line of end of game failures/in game failures that the coaching staff and its defenders want to lay off as “bad luck.” Just like the tipped pass to the opposition in the ’13 Auburn game was “bad luck.” Just like the missed FG in the bowl against Michigan State was “bad luck.” I could go on and on and list a whole lot of similar events that cost us games during the CMR tenure but what’s the point? The truth is these all occurred as a direct result of end of game coaching errors. I don’t want CMR’s head. I want him to learn from his mistakes and start making decisions that win games rather than lose them. Ivy Leaguer had it right in a post yesterday. CMR needs to get an expert to analyze the reasons behind this and fix the problem but he appears to be in denial or too stubborn to do that.
How is the tipped pass a coaching failure? How is the Auburn play a coaching failure? The Barn QB threw the ball up into double (triple coverage). When the ball was released, every coach on that field thought the same thing: INC or INT, game over. The tipped pass was absurd. It was tipped in just the right way to fall to just the wrong person. Does it suck to come up short (in excruciating ways)? Damn right it does. But throwing the baby out with the bath water is a dangerous game. Ask Nebraska, Tennessee, Ole Miss, Alabama (pre Saban), etc…
Well, one could argue that the pass was tipped because Gurley didn’t step into Mosley like he was supposed to on the play. Or that throwing it to the front of the end zone rather than deeper into the end zone brings a tipped pass that is going to be caught short into play. But whatevs.
This. The pass was tipped because the RB didn’t meet Mosley at the LOS and instead let him into the backfield before picking up the block. Watch the replay on Youtube, folks.
Irwin R Fletcher
A segment of the Georgia fan base and Bill Shanks in a web chat circa 1863-
“Stonewall is a good general, but he’s not Robert E Lee. Why is he so stoic and reserved? He sure does win a lot of battles, but he’s never won the big one. His faith makes him soft. Can’t we get someone like Grant or Sherman that get angry when they lose? I want some emotion. And don’t tell me that getting shot by friendly fire isn’t bad leadership instead of luck? It’s always something with him…i got shot by friendly fire. I caught pneumonia after the amputation.”
I blame the Confederate pickets. What happened in Chancellorsville stays in Guinea Station. Sure, he had a combat reputation as a genius with no off-switch but what kind of offensive and defensive coordinator was he “as displayed by his weak and confused efforts during the Seven Days Battles around Richmond in 1862.” (¿Amirite wiki?)
Both you guys got it all wrong. Stonewall Jackson was just in the wrong place at the wrong time. It’s not his or the Confederate picket’s fault. Sh!t just happens. It’s fate, Kharma, whatever you want to call it, but it certainly isn’t anything that could have been avoided with better communication or planning. I for one am sick and tired of people like you 2 trying to blame what happened to Gen. Jackson on lack of preparation or some other controllable phenomena. It’s just bad luck. Quit trying to blame some innocent kid on sentry duty for killing the best General in the Confederate Army. How was he to know that the General was going to ride by at night? He did exactly as he was taught–shoot first and ask questions later. He just reacted instinctively. It is not necessary for him to think, he’s just a soldier not a commander. And Stonewall never could have foreseen that riding through combat lines at night might result in one of his own troops shooting him. How could anyone ever imagine such an unforeseeable thing? Next time the Kharmic Bitches will be on our side and Grant will get shot by HIS people. Just wait and see. This will all turn out fine for the South in the end. Let’s just keep on going like always–no changes. We are destined to win.
I don’t disagree. I think it was likely a freshman mistake, rather than a coaching error.
So every single failed play is a coaching failure? Got it.
JonDawg
Surely you’ve noticed that sign hanging around that dead horse’s neck that states just that..
Seriously. The tipped pass was a coaching error? It was a guy on the other team making a play.
I’d say, yes, it would affect it. Having a 3rd SEC title (by way of beating everyone’s favorite deity) and playing for (and most likely winning) the title would. However, I also think people need to realize how much luck goes into these things. Look at Auburn. Take the two games they won to close the reg season out of it. They still needed Mich St to beat Ohio State. They did nothing in 2013 Georgia didn’t do in 2002. Only difference is Ohio State converts a 4th and 7 against Purdue in 2002 and Michigan State beats the Buckeyes in 2013.
Then you have the tipped pass last year. You also have a different voting mindset this year compared to 2007, when many felt UGA was the best team to close the year, but was jumped by a team 4 places behind them due to not winning their division. The state of the program is much stronger than the debbie downers want to admit, but I get seeing your rivals win adds to that.
Especially in comparison to the Goff and Donnan years.
Jim Donnan’s last 4 years he was 35-13. That’s a winning percentage of 73%, which is almost exactly the same as CMR’s. Just sayin.’
And what was Donnans record against Tenn, Florida, Auburn and Tech those years?
Something like 6-12. (There were some games Tech, I believe, had to forfeit). There was an interesting article I read once about Donnan, talking about, in retrospect, what a good record he had in light of the fact that FU and UT were in the top 5-10 teams nationally the whole time Donnan was HC at Georgia, each winning a national championship during that span. Tech had O’Leary as its HC and had the best stretch it ever had since Bobby Dodd in the 50s, too. Donnan won the second most games in his 5 year tenure of any coach starting out at Georgia in history up to that time. The higher one was back in the 20s. Donnan didn’t get fired because of losing too many games. That’s a myth. He got fired because (1) he was a prick and (2) he refused to replace his son as QB coach when given a direct order to do so by Mike Adams. The “he had a bad record against our main rivals” argument was just used to justify to the masses Adams’ firing of Donnan.
And I would say it was Quincy Carter that got him fired. But Auburn was not a top 5-10 program at the time. And Tenn was still a top 5-10 program when Richt arrived in Ga. And Auburn has been one consistently in Richts tenure. Fact is, we fire Richt, we will get goff Redux. Then we will hire a coach who will have to work to get us to what Richt has us at now and then will have to be lucky where Richt has not been.
Who is saying fire Richt? I’m certainly not. I’m just saying that Donnan’s record isn’t as bad as some have portrayed it to be. P.S. Q: What do Billy Graham and Quincy Carter have in common? A: They both can get a stadium full of 100,000 people to jump to their feet in unison and scream, “JESUS!!!”
A blocked kick returned for a touchdown equates to a kid missing a 57 yarder and THAT being returned for a touchdown?
No. It Doesn’t.
That’s not even the entire story. Your question leaves out the timing of both plays.
The sequence of touchdowns in a close game is irrelevant because no single touchdown contributes to the final score any more than any other touchdown. The timing only magnifies the *perception* of the play. Auburn’s FG return for TD didn’t help them win any more than the first TD they scored during the game. If you flip the order of the TDs the end result is the same, the odds of the FG returned for TD is the same, but nobody is talking about “luck.”
Valid point. But, do you think Auburn returns the kick if it were the 3rd qtr? I am thinking they would have watched it sail and taken the ball around midfield. Perhaps scoring, perhaps turning it over on downs, perhaps turning it over, perhaps losing Marshall to injury.
Point being, if Alabama attempts the FG sometime other than the end of the game – Auburn doesnt return it.
This season would still be disappointing even if we’d won the 2012 SECCG and the BCSCG, mainly because of the injuries, but also because of the shafting in Nashville and the hand of Satan at Auburn. But, had we won out in 2012, at least the program wouldn’t seem as star-crossed as it does now.
I did not read the article because I do not want to give him the page hit. If his argument is that Richt has not gotten UGA to a BCS championship game and that makes him an inferior coach to Les Miles, then I ask. Richt lost 1 game in 2002 but did not play in the BCS championship because Ohio State completed a long 4th down pass to beat some Big ten team and stay undefeated. Miles got his crystal football with a 2 loss team and only got into the game because Pitt upset West Virginia. What coaching did Miles do that Richt would not have been able to do on behalf of Pitt to cause WVA to lose? What would Miles had done differently as coach of the Bulldogs in 2002 to make Ohio State miss that 4th down pass?
Corch Irvin Meyers was more fortunate with a 1 loss team in 2006 than we were with a 1 loss team in 2002. Meyers, WHILE BUSY COACHING IN THE SEC CC, made some brillant coaching moves on behalf of UCLA to cause UCLA to upset number 2 USC, The Shanks of the world say, “Meyer can get a team to the BCS. Richt cannot, as if Meyer woudl have personally intercepted Ohio State’s 4th down pass in 2002.
A few years ago Shanks’s bitching was that Richt had not beaten Florida enough. Now we have beaten it 3 ties in a row he has to complain about something else. If we win the playoffs in 2014 he will bitch that Richt cannot repeat and is no better than Chizik if we do not win again in 2015.
It’s actually worse that that…his argument is that Richt can’t coach because:
(a) he didn’t throw a tantrum in 2008 when Bama was killing them
(b) he is a bad coach because we don’t get the lucky breaks. Seriously…luck happens when you have a ‘special season’
Oh..and that South Carolina would have run off Spurrier if he went 10-19 against ranked opponents…which makes total sense because Spurrier didn’t start his first 5 seasons at Carolina with a sub .500 record in the SEC and has won tons of SEC titles while he has been there.
Exactly. SC NEVER has won an SEC title and only holds 1 conference title in THEIR ENTIRE HISTORY. SC began the whole trend of the “East” title
If Spurrier won even one SEC conference title for SC, Columbia would burn itself down in ebullent celebration before re-building the Capitol in his likeness.
I think it’d change our perceptions, of course, but not really change reality. We’ve got a great coach and program. My biggest concern is that we don’t and haven’t had a D that can win the dang game. It’s always up to the offense to win some last minute miracle or seal the deal because we sure as heck can’t count on the D winning it for us.
-Bama we led in the 4th (and by 11 in the 3rd)
-Clemson we led 21-7
-Vandy we led by 10 in the 4th
-Mizzou we pulled within 2 in the 4th and couldn’t stop a backup QB to get the ball back to our All-Conference kicker.
-Auburn…you know the story.
Win the game for us. Win it. Stop them. We’re ahead. We made the play. Stop them. Even against LSU, the offense had to go BACK down the field and score. When we scored I didn’t even celebrate because there was too much time left and we hadn’t stopped them all day.
Had Mosley not tipped that pass, we still wouldn’t have stopped them and that story would be the same, we’d just have a crystal football to go with it. And, I wonder if we can win with the style of ball we play if we just can’t stop people. Every D has games they can’t stop people. See LSU vs. us or Bama vs. A & M. But we never stop people. That bothers me. We never seem to have enough points. I’m always worried about that. Without the injuries this year, it might not matter. We might have just outscored folks. The two most disappointing moments for me were Mizzou and Tech. With a depleted roster in a huge game at home, coming off 3 straight wins when the offense carried us, we needed the D and Mizzou shredded us right out of the gate. Same thing at Tech. Back-up QB finding his footing, we need the D to stand up and keep us in this game…and they shred us. The D doesn’t seem to have a gas pedal, and I’m not sure what that means going forward.
We were babies back there, that’s for sure, and they’re going to get better. I believe that. I hope we have the staff over there to do it, but, frankly, I’m unsure. I’m hopeful Grantham surprises me.
Had Mosley not tipped that pass, we still wouldn’t have stopped them and that story would be the same, we’d just have a crystal football to go with it. And, I wonder if we can win with the style of ball we play if we just can’t stop people.
That’s a fair question. So is that how you feel about Auburn? Because Shanks obviously doesn’t.
Joe Schmoe
This. Shanks says we should imulate auburn and then rants about the D. I could be wrong but I think our D was actually better than theirs this year.
I’m fully in favor of immolating Auburn.
It’s ready. Al from Dadeville has already cleared the foliage. The only thing to worry about now are the machine gun pillboxes on the TOOMER’S DRUGS® fortification and taking out the Forestry Department fire tower pickets
I think the difference is that Auburn is trying to score 50 every game and just rolls with it, and I’m not sure we are. I thought about them, because their D is wretched, and they didn’t stop us on that night on the Plains. Had we 10 more seconds, I think we win the game anyway.
It’s the style. We play kind of like Bama. We’re more explosive, but we’re not trying to go a hundred miles per hour the whole game and score 50. I’m okay with that. We play kind of hoping our D will put up some resistance, but we can’t.
For the record, I don’t think the Auburn ‘dynasty’ will last. I think FSU will smoke them. I think defenses will figure out that offense and game-plan and recruit to stop it. I think they’ll never have a good D there, and it will eventually cost them. What has happened with them this year is nearly unexplainable, as we all know. Like Tech, I don’t think they’re D will ever get a good look in practice to prepare them, which will end up costing them over the long haul.
No one can stop the Florida Marilins of the SEC West. Of course, no one can stop Jameis either.
What’s with all of this whining regarding 2002 and a 1 loss GA team not getting to play for the MNC? We’d have played for it with one loss in at LEAST 2006, 2007, 2008, 2011, 2012 and 2013.
Every SEC team that has won it since then either had an undefeated season or multiple seasons with only 1 loss. We’ve never had an undefeated season and we’ve only had ONE season with only 1 loss. Sorry folks, but the banter about our 2002 season should be dropped.
LSU won the SEC in ’07 with two losses.
And UGA can only blame themselves for that.
LSU also only lost once in 2004 and were undefeated in 2011, so my statement still stands. We should put together more than one good season before complaining about being unlucky, because every other SEC team that’s played for a MNC (or won) has done so.
Again, you’ve been there, done that with the luck stuff. Please give it a rest in this thread.
Half of the posts in this thread have some variation of “UGA was unlucky in 2002, 2007 and 2012.” This feeling has been re-hashed hundreds, if not thousands, of times on this blog. It really bothers you that I’m voicing a dissenting opinion for the second time?
165 is right. What’s good for the goose is good for the gander, Bluto. Almost all the Disney Dawg posts above are just regurgitating “bad luck, bad luck, bad luck” to the point of absurdity, and basically ignore the reasons behind why things happened.
If your reply is meant for my post above, I am not whining about not playing for the BCS NC in 2002. I was pointing out that factors beyond the control of the SEC champions’ coaches affect whether the SEC champ could get into the BCS CG.
If the complaint about Richt boils down to the fact that he was not able to get into the BCS game then the comparison between the teams above us not losing and the good fortune UF in 2006 or LSU in 2007 had shouldn’t “be dropped.”
By the way, the 2005 SEC champion had 2 loses, as well.
Both of those teams have put together multiple seasons like ours in 2002. We’ve only put together one. The more often you put yourself in position to take advantage of luck, the more lucky you will appear.
No, LSU has not put together multiple seasons as ours in 2002. It lost 2 games in 2007. It has 1 one loss BCS championship (2003). UF, it is true, does have has one more 1 loss SEC championship than us.
What is your response to the point of this thread? The question is, “If we had completed the last play pass for a TD and beaten Alabama and then beaten ND would your [perception of Richt and the program change for the better?” You have typed a bunch of words but have not answered the question.
I answered the question above. It’s a silly question and of course the answer is yes. I’m saying these things because the comments are flooded by disney dawgs who pretend like Georgia has had nothing but bad luck and other programs have nothing but good luck.
Oh, as far as 1 or 0 loss conference championships, Florida has FOUR in the past 20 years (1995, 1996, 2006 and 2008). LSU has TWO (2003 and 2011). Auburn has THREE (2004, 2010 and 2013).
Seems like putting together a good season more than once every blue moon tends to yield good results, huh?
Try to keep up 😉
Why is it a silly question to ask if a single play has much of an effect on how you view the program?
1) It assumes, pretty boldly, that the pass would have been a TD even though Malcom Mitchell was covered pretty tightly (and it just as likely could have been picked off)
2) Generally speaking, playing for a MNC is going to make anyone view their program better than playing in the Capital One bowl will, and
3) The question pretends like the tipped pass is the only reason we didn’t play for the MNC. We were only a tipped pass away because of how lucky we were to have a blocked field goal returned for a TD earlier in the game. How can you ignore this play but attribute so much to Auburn’s similar play against Bama? And then go on to talk about “intellectually consistency”…?
By the way, Bluto, what’s your answer to the question?
Which question is that? 😉
You’re missing the fucking point.
I’m not asking about luck. Say what you will about how Georgia got there, the fact remains that it was one play away from beating Alabama. For purposes of this one stinking post, I don’t care how Georgia put itself in position to pull that off, but the fact remains it was there. All I want to know is if it had been a Georgia player making a great play instead of Mosley, would Shanks have written the same column? And if your feelings about the program would be different, what does it say that one play can have such an impact on your view of things?
Why is this so hard for you to grasp? Others in this thread seem to have figured out what I’m interested in.
I grasp it, and I’ve answered your question (twice).
What’s your answer to the question?
You answered this?
And if your feelings about the program would be different, what does it say that one play can have such an impact on your view of things?
I must have missed it. Sorry.
It means I am the same as every other fan and care more about actual results than “coulda woulda shoulda.”
A single play can change everything. Except for Josh Harvey-Clemons knocking an INT (or drop) away from Tray Matthews, Alabama is playing FSU in the Natty, all else being equal. How much differently is Bama and Bama’s season viewed if they’re playing for 3 in a row in a few weeks?
Question I’d like to explore: If you KNEW you’d be playing in the Natty once every 5 years, would you accept 2 losing seasons in the 4 out years? My answer: hells yeah.
I think most fans would.
Went back and read your original post again and my question answers your question. Your premise: Pass isn’t tipped, Mitchell makes catch, UGA plays in Natty. I’ll extend the premise: UGA likely wins Natty against ND. So your question becomes, “Would people who are bitching about 8-4 be doing so if UGA won the Natty last year?” We agree that most fans would put up with 2 losing seasons in 5 just to PLAY in the Natty much less win it. Ergo, most fans would not be bitching about 8-4 if pass isn’t tipped and Mitchell makes play.
Funny you should say that Senator because several of our posters just in the few days were waxing on eloquently about how UGA’s program under CMR is superior to Auburn because the Dawgs are more consistent–none of those ridiculous lows to balance off against those undeserved highs (like winning the BCSNC) as Auburn has done. “We’re better because we stay on an even keel.”
I used the word “most”, Mayor.
FWIW I agree with you on that point.
I honestly think that his articles screams “read me”. Maybe that is his plan, because everything that I have read in the past seems that way. If you break down the season this year, I honestly think that CMR may have done his best coaching job since he has been here. The team played hard every down. Luck is a big part of your season and record. This is probably the worst year as far as injuries….especially key injuries, that I have ever seen any college team have. In short, I was happy the way the team performed this year under the circumstances. I certainly was happy last year. Again, luck is a big part of it….Richt is the best coach the Dawgs have ever had. I am proud of the team.
The play of last year’s SECCG wasn’t the tipped pass, it was the fact that we didn’t stop Yelton on 3rd and 5 which gave them a first down. We hit him but Williams didn’t wrap up, and Yelton got the 1st by an inch. We all remember the next play where McCaron went up top for the score. THAT was the play that lost the game.
But that’s not what I’m asking about!
I’m beginning to sense that getting people to stay on topic is futile. 😉
Yeah but I don’t care. I enjoy hijacking the topic.
The answer from any sane person would be “yes, I feel better about our program after winning the SEC and National Titles. Even with all the problems associated with this year, it’s hard to repeat therefore I can accept the disaapointment of this season”.
“it’s hard to repeat therefore I can accept the disaapointment of this season”.”
I had a dream that I was in Auburn…
Bazooka Joe
Like trying to herd cats….. OK I’ll jump in… from my perspective if we had won the SECCG (and most likely MNC) last year I think I would have the same level of frustration regarding how this season went, but may have cut the coaches additional slack because they proved they could get us to the mountain top.
66DAWGnNC
The problem with such a question dear Senator is you have too many “coaches” on this blog that know more about how to win both a SEC and National championship more than Mark Richt does. My advice to them: apply for the dang job! Surely some one out there is looking for a “coach” that has all the answers and can win all their games.
Right, only those “in the arena” should have an opinion, right?
“I ALMOST won the trial and kept my client off death row. If I had just remembered to call that one witness! Oh well, I’m still a great lawyer and next time I’ll do better!”
Yeah, right, that works just about as well.
Hard to give me a straight answer, eh?
Yes, I’d certainly feel differently about Richt and the status of the program if we had won the SEC championship game played for the BCS championship last year. Feel better?
Silliest question ever.
I have been a trial lawyer for 35 years this coming June (UGA Law class of 1979, proud to say.) I can tell you that I have seen juries rule against great lawyers. Lawyers cannot change the facts and sometimes crappy assistant D.A.s get convictions because their facts are just better. I have seen Bobby Lee Cook walk out of a courtroom after a jury convicted his client.
Bobby Lee Cook is a terrible lawyer who relies on luck and can’t win the big one. Nick Saban has never lost a case.
A couple of points Senator: I agree Shanks isn’t the greatest writer in the world, but the quality of his writing doesn’t diminish the purpose of his point which has been consistent for almost 6 years. He wants his alma mater to win a national title and doesn’t think Richt can get them there (an opinion that incidentally, he isn’t alone on). Is that really so horrible? He thinks Richt is sheltered from a lot of criticism because he’s a good man. That’s hard to prove for sure one way or the other, but I can see where he’s coming from there. He’s right about UGA fans selling the program short and the defeatist attitude of “who are you going to get that’s any better?” Five years ago, no one outside of Palo Alto knew who David Shaw was. Ten years ago, Gus Malzahn was coaching high school football in Arkansas. Fifteen years ago, Nick Saban was going 8-4 in the Big 10 and couldn’t get Michigan St. over the hump. To think that Mark Richt is the only football coach in the country that can win big at UGA is myopic to the point of absurdity.
Also, it’s time to get past the “tipped pass” story line. We didn’t lose to Alabama because of a tipped pass. We lost because Bama ran for 350. We lost because of timeout management in the second half (shocking development, I know). We lost because once we got up by 10, Alabama’s play sheet could have fit on a cocktail napkin and we couldn’t stop it. Garner never built any depth on the line, JJ and Kwame played with horrible technique, and Grantham never subbed for Tree and Robinson, even though he had Herrera and Wilson.
YMMV of course, but I personally don’t see a lot inappropriate with Shank’s comments. People can disagree of course, but it’s hard to dismiss out of hand as being completely off base.
To answer the Senator’s question I would say, “Yes” and you would say “No,” right?
Not that it’s on topic, but UGA gave up 512 yards in the SEC championship game last year. Auburn gave up 534 yards in the SEC championship game this year. Perhaps Malzahn is too Christian to have a good defense.
@gatriguy: Excellent post!
What you two mental midgets seem to be missing is that it DOESN’T MATTER HOW we got to the last play of the game last year. How does the result of that one play in a vacuum color your perception of the program and Coach Richt?
This is not a hard question yet the two of you can’t seem to come up with a straight answer. Let me answer for you: If we had won the SEC and MNC last year the two of you would be crowing from the highest peaks about how awesome “WE” are and how “WE” won (even though the two of “you” didn’t do squat). You would wear something that says “UGA 2012 National Champions” everyday and your car/truck/moped would be covered in every sticker imaginable. But the reality is that pass was tipped and we didn’t win, so you sit here and bitch and moan about everything associated with the program. Funny how one tipped pass can change everything for small minded people.
Awww. Poor Disney rocket dawg haz hurt fee fees. Only sunshine and rainbows about our dogs until he stops PMS’ing.
What a drama queen. Heaven forbid someone put forth an opinion different from yours. Geeze.
“I agree Shanks isn’t the greatest writer in the world”
Here we should note that Bill Shanks was a huge supporter of Jeff Francoeur, and that Charlie Weis is better at his job than St. Jeffy is at his. Moving on.
“He thinks Richt is sheltered from a lot of criticism because he’s a good man.”
“Five years ago, no one outside of Palo Alto knew who David Shaw was. Ten years ago, Gus Malzahn was coaching high school football in Arkansas. Fifteen years ago, Nick Saban was going 8-4 in the Big 10 and couldn’t get Michigan St. over the hump. To think that Mark Richt is the only football coach in the country that can win big at UGA is myopic to the point of absurdity.”
Sure, but getting rid of a good-to-great coach for (enter hot new sh*t here) seems to be what the derp portion of the UGA fanbase so desperately desires, and to that, we put up a big picture of Dan Mullen and call it a day. Richt is the devil we know, and it isn’t 2009-2010 anymore. That would’ve been the time to move on. He’s gotten us to within a whisker of the national championship since. You fire him now, and who….exactly…..would want to come coach? At a program that cans coaches to the whim of Internet Fanboys? Keep in mind that Papa John was initially wary of coming to Florida because they sacked the Zooker after only three seasons.
“Also, it’s time to get past the ‘tipped pass’ story line. We didn’t lose to Alabama because of a tipped pass.”
We lost to Alabama for a number of reasons, one of which is a tipped pass. That’s brought up a lot because of how small the thing was that kept us from knocking off the champs. That’s *important*. If you don’t see that, then you’ve already made up your mind about Richt.
“We lost because of timeout management in the second half (shocking development, I know).”
If anything, the team that botched timeouts was Alabama, when Saint Saban apparently thought he could take his TOs to the second half and boned his team out of a potential TD drive to end the first half. (Also, Alabama was called for delay of game on a fake punt. And gave up a fake punt. And a long FG return for a TD. If there was any team that looked shaken and not particularly well coached that night, it was the one in crimson.)
“People can disagree of course, but it’s hard to dismiss out of hand as being completely off base.”
It’s red meat for morons. It matters squat to this program’s future. If that troubles you, there’s the door. Others (Will Trane, Ivy Leaguer) seem to have taken it, thankfully.
The Senator asked for opinions, I offered mine. You disagree. That’s fine, but not everyone does. I’m not anti-Richt. I’m not “anything” Richt. I’d like to see him win a national title at UGA, but that’s bc I want a NC. Conversely. If one side or the other decides it’s time for a change, I’m fine with that too.
Honestly, after reading all this, we got the right guy with the wrong luck. Sometimes, the tips, regular season stars aligning and injuries don’t line up. Its tough to argue you need another coach with better luck, but my golly, after watching Auburn this year, maybe there is such a thing.
This is not to say that a good chunk of this isn’t on Richt. He’s made mistakes. But as maddening as this is for some to hear, his good character and the way he treats the kids has given him some padding.
If given a choice, I WANT to see us win with Richt. But I can’t say how I would feel if we broke it all up, grayshirted and oversigned a bunch of kids, then won the National Championship on the back of a starting QB who was kicked off Texas A&M after stealing a personally signed laptop from Johnny Football.
This is basically where I’m at too: I WANT Richt to get it done, but I honestly wouldn’t be disappointed if there was a change either.
I would, if it ensured a period of instability and turnover with no clear path to just getting back to where we are now. I don’t want to be Nebraska.
Why are you so certain we would get it wrong? Have we hired the ONLY coach in America that win at UGA?
What makes you so sure we would get it right? Hiring someone better than CMR is less than a coin flip…way less.
Would be interested to see a post on how a many programs in the last few years got it wrong vs got it right.
An uninformed guesstimate is
Alabama, LSU, South Carolina, Clemson, FSU, Miami, Texas A&M, Ohio State, Penn State, Duke, Ole Miss, Arizona State, Stanford, Oregon, Washington State, Vanderbilt, Iowa State, Auburn, Central Florida, Notre Dame, Oklahoma State, Oklahoma, Miss. State, North Carolina
Nebraska, Florida, Tennessee, Southern Cal, Georgia Tech, Arkansas, Virginia, Southern Miss, Cal, Pitt, Rutgers, South Florida, Maryland, Michigan
Even:
Kentucky, Navy
In fairness you should list FU as being both right and wrong.
And Auburn.
Whatevs? How do you not win a national championship with Andrew Luck? Harbaugh and Shaw suck.No excuse.
And Clemson? Dabo can’t even win the ACC.
Miami? Duke? North Carolina? See Clemson.
Ohio State hasn’t won a championship since 2002. They should have fired Tressell in 2003 and hired Saban. And Corch had it lined up and CHOKED! FIRE HIM!
Carolina hasn’t won the SEC. FIRE SPURRIER!
Oregon? Puh-leeze! With all that Nike money, they should be UNDEFEATED!
Miss State and Ole Miss? Huh? They can’t beat Bama! Losing to Bama by a lot is the sure sign your coach should be FIRED!
Throwin in some perspective there eh Irwin? Nice.
When you list Alabama as a got it right are you referring to offering the job to Rich Rodreguiz before offering it to Saban? Had Rich Rod said “Yes” Saban would be somewhere else.
The only moment I keep coming back to from this season is the end of the LSU game…I still well up watching Richt and Murray at the end of that game. That 4 game stretch was as difficult as any the Georgia program has had to go through in 40 years. And Georgia beat two top 10 teams and came within a field goal of beating three.
Before injuries, this was a team that was talented enough and coached well enough to win a championship. If you watched Georgia football this season and came away with the idea that Richt can’t coach, I don’t know what you were watching.
As far as not making the championship game, I don’t know how it would change my perspective if it were different. I know this…I watched a team that was that close to the mountaintop have its goals and dreams shattered by injuries, suspensions, and bad calls…and that team didn’t quit. It didn’t ever show any signs of quit, period. The fact that these kids were mentally able to mount the kind of comebacks that they did against Auburn and Tech is remarkable.
Exactly. If you told any one of us in the hot month of August that we would be sitting at the end of September 3-1, we’d have started reserving hotel rooms in Pasadena.
Our team had it all this season to be a contender for the crystal ball, which makes the rest of the season so damn frustrating October forward. We were decimated by injuries, and our defense was never there to help carry the load at the end. Still, but for our offensive injuries we win at least two more (2 of our 3 SEC losses, you pick) and are in the SEC Championship game.
No, it wouldn’t change my perception of Richt or the program, which is that we are consistently good, never great and we’re going to be perennially about the third best team in the conference. We played our hearts out against Bama but the difference between the two programs is a lot more than 5 yards. I also don’t understand why it’s a given we would have beaten Notre Dame. We most likely win a shootout but don’t kid yourself into thinking we would have dominated the golden domers the way Alabama did, especially without John Jenkins.
I think a better question might be how we would feel if 2009-2011 hadn’t have happened? If you take those outlier years out and I’m not sure there is much to debate.
There is no question but that the fire Richt crowd would have clammed up had we gotten to the BCS championship game, even if they would claim otherwise. After all, being unreasonable is sort of their specialty. I don’t think that, like Bill Shanks, that you can judge a coach on an isolated flop like the 2008 Bama game or last year’s USC game. I think you have to look at two things: 1) are we bringing in the talent necessary to compete at the highest level? 2) are the players buying in and playing hard for 4 quarters? I think that we’ve improved dramatically since we hit bottom a couple of years ago on both counts. Moreover, I don’t think people realize that the odds of the next coach being more successful are very, very low. Could it happen? Sure? Why just take a chance simply because you can? Especially when there is no reason we can’t be in the discussion for a playoff spot in 2014.
I’ve debated this several times with the people who have been on the ‘Fire Richt’ campaign since 2008. The response is about the same that this thread has garnered. I don’t think it would change my perception of the year or the program itself. This year was just frustrating and there’s just no way to overcome that sort of decimation we saw on the depth chart.. I’m not even sure Saban has recruited well enough to overcome that. My perception of the program overall wouldn’t change, which is that we have a really good coach and a really good program. Are we great? By no means. Have we had our moments? Absolutely.
I personally feel that we should consider ourselves fortunate to get as close as we did in 2012 considering what we were up against: a semi-professional franchise located in Tuscaloosa. Until our Athletics Dept and the Board ‘commit to the G’ in the same way the fan base, players and coaches do, we will always be what I described earlier. A good, but not great program/team with it’s fair share of moments (2002, 2007, 2012). The playing field is not level and what Richt has done in spite of that is one of the more impressive things I’ve seen.
Wow. I actually feel dumber for reading that. Thankfully I didn’t even know this guy existed until now. I guess he’s trying to take F-baum’s place.
“I’m just curious how much you’d be complaining if Mosley hadn’t made a great play.”
I would be bitching a lot more (if, in fact, that’s even possible) because an 8-4 would be a thermonuclear hotseat. After all, if you win the tournament once, why can’t you do it again stat!
Well, I’m not on the Fire Richt Bandwagon, so I’m not sure the question applies to me, but I’ll answer it. Of course an SEC title (and likely NC) last year would change my perception of the program. How could it not? And I would view anyone who says otherwise with skepticism, to say the least.
You are literally correct when you say that means one’s opinion comes down to a tipped pass, but that is a tad simplistic. That particular cat could be skinned many ways.
rampdawg
I live in the Macon area. I have to listen to Bill Stanks all the time. Bill is a spoiled sounding child of the me me me now now now era. Bill Stanks would have wanted Bobby Bowden and Tom Osborne fired. Why? Because FSU and Uof N didn’t win it all early or often enough. Forget all the good winning seasons they had. Bill wants it last year, this year or 8 years ago, or he’s gonna throw a hissy fit till he gets his way A lot the same can be said about a lot UGA fans on your site. Bobby and Tom were showed patience, and all the fans of the schools they coached for, were rewarded in time with multiple championships. I guess it’s the time we live in now. The rod was spared, and now we have to keep listening to whiny, big mouthed, spoiled brats who were given everything they wanted now, now, now.
Been a dawg for 52 yrs and I think Mark Richt best coach we have ever had. Dooley played a lot of bad teams every yr, but we only had two chances for a national championship. Herschel Walker yrs. Most yrs 7-3 6-4 or 8-2. Be thankful for what we have.
pcidoc
I’m sure I dont represent the mainstream opinion but the tipped pass doesn’t change my opinion of Richt or the program at all. It seems to me that Shanks and those who agree with him are wrong minded in feeling that the only successful season is one that ends with the MNC. That means 120 plus teams fail each season and only one is a success. I’d sure love for the Dawgs to get one but realize a successful season can’t be defined based on getting the crystal. That tipped pass meant to me that the team I love fought valiantly against a team that was heavily favored for the entire game, even after things went against them. I was extremely proud of that game even in the loss. Again I want my team to get that championship but playing with class, representing my University well on and off the field and not cheating matter as much to me.
Ho Lee Shit! Can’t believe all the Richt-supporting comments that question the author’s question. While it was alluded to by Shanks, the question should have been posed for Grantham, not Richt.
I don’t feel very down on Richt and the program right now, but If we had won that game I’d be swaggering around a little more, thinking that this year is just a little bump in the dynasty.
I find it hard to believe anybody wouldn’t sincerely feel better (or not as bad) about this year with Richt and the program, if we’d won that game and then beat ND last year.
To answer your question directly, I would not be complaining as much if Mosley hadn’t made that play. Mitchell would have a TD and we’d have beaten ND like they stole something.
Mitchell did make the play and another team got to beat ND like they stole something. I never wanted our guys to get back to the SEC title game as badly as I did this year–I’m sure that’s true for other fans, not to mention the players and coaches. That made the year’s disappointments that much harder to take. And it does make me more skeptical of our program and its leadership.
In short, that tipped past is leading me slowly to the grim conclusion that our favorite program is one that chronically underachieves. Call it bad luck, call it bad staff, call it inadequate administrative support, call it whatever you want. We are the flagship program in a state flourishing with football talent–we have a better deal than any other SEC team in that regard. But our program continues to demonstrate maddening tendencies that I simply no longer believe will be corrected, because they haven’t been. I won’t rehash them, because we know what they are, and you’ve made it clear that’s not the question you’re asking.
Right now, all I have is a sort of diminishing hope that somehow next year all the lights will finally go “On.” But my actual expectations are well short of that, based on past experience that includes that fateful tipped past.
Boom! Pretty much nailed it.
Well said S.D.
I am pretty much where you are SD. Think back to when CMR first took over at UGA. He said: “There has been a lid on this program and we are going to blow that lid off.” (Or words to that effect.) It appears to me that the lid is back on the program.
I have thought that same thing many times during the latter part of this season.
Sorry. Can’t give Shanks a click. He’s a troll.
Just because Football Jesus®* moved our luck and never smiles on us (except for having home rather than road games against USCe and LSU this past season) is there ever a regression to the mean for bad signs
*”Football Jesus (n.) — a separate, auxiliary Jesus maintained by America’s Christian God to handle all pre-, in-, and post-game prayer requests, as the big guy is kept somewhat busy with sick children, lost pets, failing crops, and what have you.”
http://www.grantland.com/story/_/id/9599552/holly-anderson-college-football-grantland-dictionary
sethdavidmiller
I’ll admit that I’ve given that one play a lot of power over me in relation to my opinion of this coaching staff and the program as a whole. If it goes the other way, this season would still be brutal, but I’d be much more confident about the program.
Being honest with myself is hard, but I think it matters a ton and, sometimes, legacies are written (or changed) based on one, brief moment.
So it goes with Richt & the current UGA football program.
Seriously, Senator…throwing red meat out for the whiners? How charitable in this season of giving.
In the spirit of creating turmoil, let’s revisit a constant theme that is presented here quite often by both sides of the Richt argument…”with all of the talent in Georgia” we should de facto win a MNC as the flagship institution. This line of reasoning is the most flawed of all. Georgia turns-out some fantastic players and because of that, is also heavily recruited by all other schools. Texas, California, Florida, Louisiana and Pennsylvania also have tons of talent. There is no direct relationship to in-state high school talent and State U. winning the MNC. Yet this belief colors the perception of UGA’s program for far too many, including Mr. Shanks. If this “we have the in-state talent, why aren’t we doing better?” argument were valid, then why is it we only have 1980 to show for it since the 1960’s? You can’t blame Richt for this…try as you might.
Could another HC win the MNC at UGA? Of course…its the perfect hypothetical so why not support the position. But like I pointed-out the other day, there have only been 8 gentlemen to lead their teams to the MNC while Mark Richt has been at Georgia. 4 – 5 of them are no longer with their teams and have proven scandals left behind. So did UGA choose poorly in taking a chance on Richt? As the Senator points-out, what evidence is there that the powers controlling the HC position at UGA (which goes far beyond the AD) are capable of picking the new NC that can turn the corner?
Frankly, I wish the Senator had asked the whiners why they aren’t screaming at the top of their lungs for us to go get Mack Brown. He’s available, has exactly the resume they demand, and won’t be all that expensive. I’d love to hear the rationale for this conspicuous silence.
“I’d love to hear the rationale for this conspicuous silence.”
Because Georgia hiring Mr. Football would be too much of a good thing for Spurrier?
“The cruelest and most accurate thing ever said about Mack Brown came from Steve Spurrier. Spurrier was then the coach at Duke. Brown was at North Carolina. Spurrier was fashioning himself into a monomaniacal offensive strategist. Brown was becoming a Reaganesque CEO. When sportswriters traveled that little corner of the ACC, Spurrier would say, ‘I just don’t think I know enough about the game to compete with Mr. Football.’…..
Spurrier wouldn’t let the slur go. By 1997, he’d moved to the University of Florida and won a national championship. The sportswriter John Feinstein sent Spurrier a note saying that if he thought he was so great, he should go back to Duke. “Nah,” Spurrier wrote in his reply, “I don’t think I could deal with the pressure of competing with Mr. Football again every year.”
http://www.grantland.com/story/_/id/10134500/the-end-era-mack-brown-texas-longhorns
And yet…here we are 20 years later with Mack Brown sitting on just as many national championships as Steve Spurrier.
No….doesn’t change my view of our team. Shanks is a finebaum wannabe and a hack.
How about the coaching staff address these two issues…:
I am all for running a clean program, running a program that values academic excellence, family atmosphere etc….some people say it’s only a game and we do the best we can and there are more important things to focus on in life……but there is also doing the BEST you can and training the players to be the best, holding the coaches to be the best and bearing down on EVERY detail of the program to make sure the University and the kids and alumni are absolutely getting the most out of their program possible. It’s not happening up there. It’s a joke. It’s not even CLOSE at UGA. Aaron Murray and Stafford go through that program and not SEC titles in those 7 years. AJ and Moreno too.
A microcosm of this is this:
Between 2007-2012 these are the following recruiting numbers:
Auburn 164 players
LSU 151
S Car 163
UGA 130
That is a joke, with these numbers you just can’t compete and that is why UGA is 6-17 against ranked opponents. I understand you don’t want to oversign and gray shirt and run kids off, but you also can use some common sense and understand there is going to be attrition like Nick Marshall and Chris Sanders and some of the OL that have quit. We started FOUR true freshmen on defense this year in Wiggins, Floyd, Matthews, Langley and. That is 100% unacceptable for a team that could’ve made a run. It lost us every game. Clemson was a joke with Connor Norman and Brandon Langley playing. Neither played much the rest of the season.
The 2nd microcosm is the fact that every year our special teams is horrible. Pathetic.
Punt return team 103rd nationally
Kickoff return 111
Punt team 74th
Kickoff coverage 96th
special teams blunders in 2013 and how they impacted the scoreboard.
· Botched field goal in the third quarter against Clemson (Georgia lost by three)
· Fumbled snap on a punt in the second quarter against South Carolina (South Carolina scored a touchdown one play later)
· 99-yard kickoff return for a touchdown in the second quarter by North Texas (Cut the Mean Green deficit to seven)
· Blocked punt returned for a touchdown in the third quarter by North Texas (tied the game)
· Blocked punt returned for a touchdown in the third quarter by Tennessee (tied the game)
· Fake field goal for a touchdown in the second quarter by Vanderbilt (gave Vandy the lead)
· Fumbled punt return late in the third quarter against Vanderbilt (Vandy scored a touchdown on the ensuing drive to cut Georgia’s lead to six)
· Bad snap on a punt in the fourth quarter vs. Vanderbilt (Commodores scored the game-winning touchdown one play later)
Maybe he magically puts it together next year. I really hope so. I hope the talent so overwhelms the other teams, we can’t help but win.
And success is not wins and losses per se or if they win a MNC or not, although that is a part of it, success is much more attributed to playing at the highest level possible every week given your talent and resources. Demanding excellence. It is NOT playing just good enough to win games and having a coach not demand and correct mistakes and not communicate to the public, the alumni and the players and coaches that “we expect to play better, this was not the way we expect to perform at GA (and when playing far inferior competition) and we will make the necessary changes to make sure it does not ….”
Hope you don’t mind me commenting on this.
As an outsider, I think y’all should be hugely disappointed in this year – despite AND because of the tipped pass.
In the pre-season, I believe I had UGA pegged to go 11-1 with the loss being to Clemson. You guys were the team I feared the most of the other 13. Yes, there were losses on defense, but the offense looked to be unstoppable.
In my opinion, the loss in the SECCG last year should have stoked a fire for a title run this year. So from that perspective, 8-4 would be a huge downer.
It did stoke the fire of a title run. We were on that title run until we had our best offensive skill players on the shelf with multiple game or season-ending injuries. When we went to the spread, there wasn’t a defense that could handle the combination of Scott-Wesley, Bennett, Conley, and one of the tight ends with Gurley/Marshall out of the backfield. That’s with our best big play guy hurt on the first play from scrimmage with Malcolm Mitchell. Eventually, Murray gets hurt the week before our rivalry game.
Bama would have had some of the same issues with Cooper, Yeldon, Drake and others. Then to lose McCarron the week before Auburn, I’m not sure you guys could have survived all of that to go 11-1.
I’m disappointed but it’s about the defense for me. When the offense was trying to find its way less a bunch of pieces, the defense and special teams didn’t pull their weight.
I guess I was coming from the perspective of simply looking at the end results from each year.
Hard to do that, though.
There is a difference b/w being disappointed and thinking the program is in a state of complacency, needing new leadership, etc.
I’m disappointed in 8-4. Especially after the 3-1 start against three top 10 teams. But you can’t lose your grip on reality.
This team had to play Mizzou, a top 10 team, and Vandy pretty much without Mitchell, Gurley, Marshall, Scott Wesley, Bennett, Matthews, Rome, Rumph, Norman, and Reggie Wilkerson.
I’m disappointed Georgia finished 8-4, but it is different than 2009 when you just wondered if it had passed the team by. It feels more like 2006 when it was easy to get down about losses to Kentucky and Vandy, but I felt good about the way the team competed and how Stafford was developing, etc.
In the last three seasons, the two where the team hasn’t been decimated by injuries, Georgia made the SECCG and in the other has a chance for 9 wins and finished 5-3 in the SEC. The schedule sets up favorably in 2014…ya’ll can keep whining about the program. I’m going to watch Mason get ready for the bowl game and the 2014 campaign.
A10Penny
All of us would be happier if that pass was caught. But were any of us happy with the Defense last year with the talent we had? Imagine how it would have been without Jarvis.
IveyLeaguer
It’s a very interesting question. First, if Moseley hadn’t tipped that pass, it would have been either incomplete or intercepted.
But say we had won the NC last year, because that’s what would have happened if we had either scored on the next play or spiked the ball with 3 plays left to score.
Had that happened I don’t see how it’s possible for anybody’s perception of the program to not have changed. A national championship is very toxic, for at least a year or two, and in a good way.
Having said that, I can honestly say my take on what’s wrong with the program would not have changed (or at least would have changed back by midseason) because it has never been based on W’s and L’s or Championships. After the Vandy game my stance would have been the same as it is now, and of course the rest of the year would support that as well.
The Vandy game was the final block of evidence that a long-term systemic problem has still not been addressed. And that’s one thing a NC could not have changed.
“…it’s an incompletion or interception”. Let’s go to the source, Aaron Murray, who states in post game interviews that “Oh, it’s a touchdown. The defender has his back to the play and it’s just up to Malcolm to go up and get it”.
In defending HIS decision to not order Murray to spike the ball, CMR quotes consultant, Homer Smith, who says that spiking the ball is for a team without a plan. We had one and wanted to execute to that advantage.
You guys criticize the program all you want, but at least try to get your facts straight.
Murray is not the source. Richt is not the source. EVER. The only real source in football is the film.
If you are interested in facts, I suggest you study the film. I’ve studied a lot of film, and that’s the way I see it. To me, it’s obvious.
Further, I don’t get off on criticizing the program. I do, however, point out reality, the best I can discern it. But I know better than to think everybody will agree with it.
Just curious how it would have either been incomplete or intercepted, but not completed….for a touchdown? I’m pretty sure all 3 of those things are possible as they are with any pass thrown in football.
Because if you are sufficiently negative about the program, or, depending upon your point of view, simply being brutally realistic, it’s a given that Vince Dooley’s famous dictum about throwing the ball (“three things can happen… and two of them are bad”) is overly generous. 😉
Thanks for clarifying that, Senator. As soon as I read that, I knew exactly what the rest of his comments would look like. It was too easy when he started it out the way he did.
Because on the replay you can see that MM was covered pretty tightly. I actually agree with the decision to not spike the ball there, but to just assume that the pass was a guaranteed TD is a bit of a stretch.
And I think it’s a bit of a stretch just to assume it’s not a completion. Again, all 3 things are a possibility: incompletion, interception, TD.
I agree. I’m not saying that it definitely wouldn’t have been a completion. I’m just saying a completion was far from guaranteed.
Fair question.
Best I can tell you is go back and watch the film. Notice that the trajectory of the ball, projected forward if un-tipped, is right at the pylon or even just outside of the goal line.
Then look at the route (which was poor), the coverage, and go from there.
Hahaha. Alright, man. There’s no sense in arguing with someone like you. I love that you threw MM under the bus there as well, job well done.
Raleigh St. Claire
Mark Richt routinely fields teams that are terrible at special teams and defense and has done so since 2005.
He also fields teams that invariably show up to 2-3 games per year totally unprepared and unmotivated. See, e.g., the Carolina game in 2012 and the first half of the Auburn game this year among many many others.
He is not a championship coach any longer. He does not coach teams that do the small things well. He is not detail oriented and he is several steps below coaches like Saban, Meyer, and even Malzahn.
Richt is never again going to win another championship of any kind. And, in the process, he’s going to waste the careers of players like Gurley, just like he did with Stafford, Moreno, Green, and now Murray.
He needs to go because barring scheduling luck, like in 2011 and 2012, he’s a 3-4 loss per year coach. He’s simply incapable of preparing a team week in and week out to get better results.
I mean, look at his Gator Bowl press remarks where he said you can’t win every game and that this season was a success. Those arent the types of comments made by a coach who demands excellence and is focused on championships.
Next year will be just like this one. Terrible defense and shockingly bad special teams. The sheep who love Richt more than UGA will find yet another excuse to explain away the bad coaching and then we’ll do it all over again in 2015.
All the while, the other teams in the conference will actually be doing the things necessary to out themselves in the best position to win big.
I prefer a different solution, because I want Richt to succeed.
But I certainly agree with your diagnoses. Each offseason, I hope Richt will reach out for a solution, one which would involve systemic intangible changes, and I hope he will this year. But he never does.
So I hope you are wrong, but fear you are right.
I want Richt to stay and to figure out the overwhelming issues that he is seemingly blind to. But those that support him ask yourself this: What top coach, Saban, Carroll, Meyer, Spurrier, Miles, Shaw….whoever, when they had a team ranked #1 in the country has ever been BLOWN OUT in their own stadium and down 31-0 at halftime? Please answer this for us. And people that see the blue sky and talk about last year and a dropped pass in the SECC……just ask yourself this, what team has ever won a national title when they had been BLOWN OUT (South Carolina) earlier in the year and struggled to beat several other inferior teams? I have supported Richt for years but 08 started the slide (that Bama game was unacceptable and as unprepared a team as I have ever seen) and honestly, when I heard him interviewed after the TN game this year, a team that SUCKED and was BLOWN OUT by Oregon and has been decimated by all the coaching changes, I was embarrassed for the players and as an alumni that my coach said NOTHING about the way we played and how unacceptable it was and that we will do everything in our power to correct these mistakes and we have an obligation to the players to coach them better and hold them accountable and WE WILL get better because this is not the way we play at UGA……nothing. Frankly it was embarrassing.
That same Bama team that beat UGA 41-30 (that was the final…I assume those points count, right?) made it to #1 and then got down to Utah 21-0 in the first quarter before losing 31-17.
But that has never happened to Saban, right? Because that would SUCK!
I mean…it’s not like Bama got down 20-0 in the FIRST QUARTER of a GAME LAST YEAR….AT HOME…AND LOST…then won a national championship or anything. That would SUCK!
And Auburn was so unprepared that they were down 21-0 against Bama in 2010 (and 21-7 the week before to UGA!!!).
The 2008 Florida team lost to Ur Ole Miss at Home.
The 2007 LSU team lost to two teams that would finish below .500 in the SEC and unranked.
And I agree that it was embarrassing that Richt didn’t crap all over the team after watching 4 guys go down with ACL tears during the game. Those kids deserved to be publicly humiliated.
By the way, one tiny…eetsy beetsy detail….Auburn was losing 21-0 at the end of the first half against LSU this year. THEY WERE UNPREPARED! WHAT TEAM GOES AND GETS BLOWN OUT IN THE FIRST HALF AND THEN PLAYS FOR A CHAMPIONSHIP AFTER ONLY BEATING GEORGIA VIA A MIRACLE AND SNEAKING BY MISS STATE! BLAH BLAH BLAH BLAH ALL CAPS BLAH!
What world do you people live in? Is it one without TV? Does Google not exist in your corner of the universe?
Embarrassed is really the right word.
You are smoking something fierce if you are comparing UGAs program to LSU, Florida, Bama and Auburn. 6-17 against ranked teams is yes, an embarrassment. There is a difference between crapping on the team (which I never advocated) and holding them accountable. If you think the way they played against TN and Vandy was acceptable then that is your opinion.
I thought you made a point about top coaches not getting blown out at home when they are #1? Oh riiiiiiiiiiight…I forgot, that point wasn’t really a good one so on to the next one, I assume.
Since 2010, Florida is 4-15 against ranked opponents. Of course, UGA is 2-2 against Auburn, 3-1 against Florida, and 1-1 against LSU over that stretch…BUT THERE IS NO COMPARISON OF THESE PROGRAMS! Embarrassment! Hyperbole!
Again, if you watched the Tennessee game and didn’t see how those kids continued to compete and grind after watching their teammates continue to fall to injuries, then it isn’t really worth any more effort looking up facts that show how bad your opinions are.
{“I was embarrassed for the players and as an alumni that my coach said NOTHING about the way we played and how unacceptable it was and that we will do everything in our power to correct these mistakes and we have an obligation to the players to coach them better and hold them accountable and WE WILL get better because this is not the way we play at UGA……nothing. Frankly it was embarrassing.”}
A good point, IMO. And a fair point.
Richt doesn’t have very many faults (outside of some apparent coaching faults that have nothing to do with his personality), but this is one. He does not publicly hold himself or his coaches accountable, i.e., doesn’t always put the blame where it should be.
After a loss like the 2012 SECCG, where his team played about as well as they could (and didn’t crap all over themselves), and showed heart, fight and resilience, it is proper for a coach to present himself and his program the way Richt did .. as being proud of his team for the way they played and the effort they gave in hard-fought, classic SEC battle.
But after most of the losses we experience, where we play sloppy ball and pretty much beat ourselves, and perhaps even embarrass ourselves to some extent, some accountability is very appropriate, even called for.
The best coaches do it all the time. For example, Dooley always did it, Bryant always did it (though losses from beating yourselves were rare for both), Today, you will hear Spurrier say something like, “We need to coach better”, or “I need to coach better.” Saban will say something like, “that’s our fault and our responsibility as a coaching staff, and it’s our task and responsibility to make sure the problem is taken care of.” And so on down the line.
But you don’t hear anything like that from Richt. He almost seems to refuse to hold himself or his coaches accountable. If there’s any accountability at all, it falls on lack of “execution” .. in other words, on the players in general (he does protect his players, as he should). This might not be absolute (though I can’t think of an exception) but, certainly overall, that’s the way it is, and that’s the way it has been.
But Richt would do well to make public accountability a habit, IMHO. It has served other coaches well, and would serve him well. It would go long way both internally and externally. Because sometimes his ‘cover’, or ‘shield’, is stretched so thin, it IS embarrassing. Further, in many instances, it doesn’t gel with what he stands for. Let reality be what it is, and be accountable. Be HONEST and forthright about what happens, no matter how bad.
I even suspect this could be one of the causative elements of the systemic problem that has been integrated into the program for so long now. That is to say, one reason why we can’t consistently play solid football. Richt never lets the weight of accountability fall down upon his players and coaches. He acts as a shield, and never lets it hit. Not even upon himself.
{“There is a difference between crapping on the team (which I never advocated) and holding them accountable.”}
Well said. I don’t believe in crapping on the team, either. Or Richt, Assistant Coaches, McGarity .. or anybody else. I love the program as much as anybody, and I’m sure you do.
Therefore whatever is said – whether in person, in the Dawgosphere, or anywhere else – should have SUBSTANTIVE cause, evidence, grounds, or logic behind it, as it relates to football. Or it shouldn’t be said at all. And almost all of the time, it should be related directly to football, and not anything else.
I think of it as simply being honest, telling the truth, just being realistic and calling it like it is, good or bad. I’ve never thought of it that way, but holding them accountable is a fair way of putting it, too .. there’s absolutely nothing wrong with that.
I’d even go as far as to say that is a desirable quality in a loyal fan and supporter. Provided they know that they are talking about, and freely admit when they are wrong.
Here’s honesty….either you didn’t watch the Tennessee game or you have no concept of what happened during the Tennessee game or you don’t want to talk about the Tennessee game and instead just want a platform to talk about some general point you think needs to be made.
I submit that if either of you really think the Tennessee game and how coach Richt handled himself after the game was an embarrassment, then you both represent the worst of the Georgia fan base. One that doesn’t appreciate the blood, sweat, and emotions poured into every game…and how that affects coaching, players, etc. Embarrassed to pull out a win in Knoxville? When you have 3 guys already out and another 4 go down during the game with possible season ending injuries? Funny you mentioned Spurrier…they lost to Tennessee the next week with a full squad. I guess he should have been fired on the spot.
Nah, not after he said he should have coached them better. 😉
#slowclap
My post didn’t refer to the Tennessee game at all, but to Richt’s public accountability in general. And it is accurate.
The rest of what you said doesn’t reflect anything I’ve said or believe, and i won’t have you putting words in my mouth.
If you’re going to disagree and/or criticize me, fine. But at least know what you’re doing when you criticize or lecture me. It’s likely I’ve forgotten more about what goes into a football game than you’ll ever know. So please think, and get the facts straight before you fire off.
I have a vague recollection of Richt after the Tennessee game, and recall no problem with it. It was a tough day. But my post regarding his public accountability, above, stands.
“If you’re going to disagree and/or criticize me, fine. But at least know what you’re doing when you criticize or lecture me.”
Fine. The entire first paragraph of your post was about the Tennessee game. Your second quote about crapping on the team was from a post about the Tennessee game. That’s what it was about. Game over. Done. Fin.
Only three options here…
#1- Your post ‘did have something to do with the Tennessee game’
#2- You think that by cutting and pasting and leaving off the word “Tennessee”, you have completely changed the subject matter of the quote and the discussion.
“We shall fight on the beaches, we shall fight on the landing grounds, we shall fight in the fields and in the streets, we shall fight in the hills; we shall never surrender,” <—Churchill on Ga-Florida…nothing to do with WWII.
"We dare not fail to see the insidious nature of this new and deeper struggle. We dare not fail to grasp the new concepts, the new tools,
the new sense of urgency we will need to combat it"<—-JFK on Georgia's problems in the secondary, nothing to do with Cuba
#3- You are literally Donny from the Big Lebowski
Were you listening to the Dude's story, Donny?
Were you listening to the Dude's story?
So you have no frame of reference here, Donny. You're like a child who wanders into the middle of a movie and wants to know…
I had no thought of Tennessee when I wrote that post, Irwin Dear. Nothing you say can change that.
But who really cares? it doesn’t matter. Carry on.
So if you had no thought of Tennessee, does that just mean you copy and paste without reading and/or understanding…
because that actually would explain a lot.
~~~~~>>>
How dare you. For that, you can KMA.
Just to add a little different flavor since most of the discussion has been around an unlucky and its negative implications to other seasons, but I wonder how everyone would feel about Richt’s coaching tenure if an Auburn DB didn’t stumble covering Michael Johnson in the corner? It’s a singular lucky play in one season many years ago, but reading so many messages above where posters feel Richt had his team just as positioned for a MNC as other SEC coaches have since, I wonder how everyone would honestly feel about Richt’s tenure if he hadn’t stumbled and made a play on the ball?
It’s an interesting thought.
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Intermediate filaments of zebrafish retinal and optic nerve astrocytes and Müller glia: differential distribution of cytokeratin and GFAP
Joseph R Koke1,
Amanda L Mosier1 &
Dana M García1
BMC Research Notes volume 3, Article number: 50 (2010) Cite this article
Optic nerve regeneration (ONR) following injury is a model for central nervous system regeneration. In zebrafish, ONR is rapid - neurites cross the lesion and enter the optic tectum within 7 days; in mammals regeneration does not take place unless astrocytic reactivity is suppressed. Glial fibrillary acidic protein (GFAP) is used as a marker for retinal and optic nerve astrocytes in both fish and mammals, even though it has long been known that astrocytes of optic nerves in many fish, including zebrafish, express cytokeratins and not GFAP. We used immunofluorescence to localize GFAP and cytokeratin in wild-type zebrafish and transgenic zebrafish expressing green fluorescent protein (GFP) under control of a GFAP promoter to determine the pattern of expression of intermediate filaments in retina and optic nerve.
GFAP labeling and GFAP gene expression as indicated by GFP fluorescence was found only in the Müller glial cells of the retina. Within Müller cells, GFP fluorescence filled the entire cell while GFAP labelling was more restricted in distribution. No GFAP expression was observed in optic nerves. Cytokeratin labeling of astrocytes was observed throughout the optic nerve and less intensely in cells in the retinal inner plexiform layer. The retinal inner limiting membrane was strongly labeled by anti-cytokeratin.
Studies of astrocyte function during ONR in zebrafish cannot solely rely on GFAP as an astrocyte marker or indicator of reactivity. Future studies of ONR in zebrafish should include evaluation of changes in cytokeratin expression and localization in the optic nerve.
Because of the accessibility of the optic nerve, optic nerve regeneration (ONR) is often used for studies of central nervous system regeneration. In fish, typified by zebrafish, regeneration of the optic nerve after injury by crushing or transectioning is rapid with new neurites crossing the lesion and entering the optic tectum in as few as 7 days [1]. In mammals, typified by mice, regeneration does not take place in the absence of specific molecular interventions and suppression of astrocyte reactivity in the optic nerve [2, 3] (for a recent review, see [4]).
As part of an ongoing study of ONR in zebrafish [5], we examined intermediate filament (IF) expression of astrocytes in the zebrafish retina and optic nerve. Many previous studies have used the type III IF glial fibrillary acidic protein (GFAP) as a marker for retinal and optic nerve astrocytes, both in fish and mammals, even though it has been known for some time that astrocytes of optic nerves in many fish, including zebrafish, express cytokeratins rather than GFAP [6, 7]. A possible exception are astrocytes of goldfish optic nerve, which, as reported by Nona et al[9], appear GFAP positive both before and after optic nerve injury.
All animal use protocols were approved by the Texas State University-San Marcos IACUC (approval # 0703_0122_07). Wild-type ZDR zebrafish (Danio rerio, Aquatica Tropicals, Plant City, FL) and transgenic zebrafish expressing green fluorescent protein (GFP) under control of a GFAP promoter were acclimated to a 12/12 hour light/dark cycle for a minimum of 14 days before use. The transgenic fish (Tg(gfap:GFP)mi2001[10]), were obtained from the Zebrafish International Resource Center, Eugene, OR. Optic nerve injury was accomplished as described in Saul et al. (2009) [5]. For immunofluorescent localization of GFAP and cytokeratin, entire fish (N = 3 each of ZDR and (Tg(gfap:GFP)mi2001) were fixed overnight in 4% formaldehyde derived by alkaline depolymerization of paraformaldehyde. Then both eyes, optic nerves and brain were dissected out intact. Following washing in PBS, the tissue was cryoprotected by incubation in 30% sucrose-PBS until the tissue sank. The intact eyes, optic nerves, chiasma, and brain were mounted to permit horizontal sectioning, allowing sections to include retinas from both the injured and contralateral sides, optic nerves, chiasma, and optic tectum of the brain. Sections were cut at 20 μm using a Zeiss Microm cryostat, collected on gelatin-coated coverslips and stored at -80°C until use. Immunostaining was performed as previously described [11], using anti-GFAP mAB 131-17719 (Molecular Probes, http://www.invitrogen.com) and anti-KRT 18 mAB (Abgent, San Diego, CA) with appropriate second antibodies conjugated respectively to TRITC and Cy5. DAPI was added to the final wash to stain nuclei. Imaging was performed using an Olympus FV1000 confocal microscopy system and sized for publication using Adobe PhotoShop CS3. Each image presented is a z-projection of 10 optical sections 1.0 μm thick for the 20× objective (NA 0.95) and 0.4 μm thick for the 60× objective (NA 1.4). The objective used is indicated in the figure legends. Figure 1 is a montage of such images.
Montage of images showing Tg( gfap :GFP) and cytokeratin localization in the retinas, optic nerves, and a portion of brain obtained from a fish fixed 24 hours post-optic nerve injury. (20× water immersion, NA 0.95). Prominent GFP expression throughout the Müller glia is visible in retinas of eye associated with the injured optic nerve (injury site, arrow) and the contralateral eye (CL eye), and delimiting what appear to be radial glia in a portion of the brain (brain). No GFP expression can be seen in the optic nerve between the retina and optic tract. Cytokeratin (magenta) labeling is apparent in the inner limiting membranes and less intensely in the cytoplasm of cells in the inner plexiform layers of the retinas and in the reticular astrocytes of the optic nerve. Blue label is DAPI indicating nuclei. See Figures 2 and 3 for enlarged views of retina and optic nerve.
Sections of Tg(gfap:GFP) fish displayed prominent fluorescence that illuminated Müller glial cells in the retina and radial astrocytes in the brain. No GFP fluorescence was detected in the optic nerve, beginning at the optic nerve head and through the chiasma, until the optic tract (Figure 1). Anti-GFAP staining of wild-type ZDR retinae revealed strong localization of GFAP in the foot processes of Müller glia extending inward into the nerve fiber layer, and in the reticular layer formed in the synaptic zone between the photoreceptor and bipolar cells (Figure 2A). Anti-GFAP failed to label any structures in optic nerve sections (data not shown). Sections of Tg(gfap:GFP) retina displayed prominent GFP fluorescence in the Müller glial cells that illuminated their entire length from foot processes on the inner limiting membrane to the terminal outer limiting membrane that forms at the level of the photoreceptor ellipsoids; i.e., between the nuclei and inner segments of the photoreceptors where the intense labeling lateralizes and ends just outer to the nuclear layer (Figure 2B). GFP fluorescence also revealed fine details of the Müller cells including spines along the length of the cells and filamentous arborizations forming the foot processes (Figure 2D). Anti-cytokeratin labeling of sections of Tg(gfap:GFP) retina revealed antigen localization in cells making up the inner limiting membrane, in the bundled retinal ganglion cell (RGC) axon layer, and in scattered cells of the inner plexiform layer (Figure 2C, D; Figure 3A). While it is clear that in both ZDR and Tg(gfap:GFP) fish, Müller glia express GFAP and not cytokeratin, the differences between anti-GFAP staining in ZDR fish retina and GFP expression in the Tg(gfap:GFP) retina suggest that GFP localization in Tg(gfap:GFP) does not accurately reflect where the GFAP protein is localized in the Müller cells. This observation in turn suggests that GFAP in Müller glia contains cytoplasmic localization, or sorting, signals which GFP lacks, as suggested by Bernardos and Raymond [9], the creators of this transgenic fish.
Images of retina from ZDR (A) and Tg( gfap :GFP) (B, C, D) zebrafish showing localization of anti-GFAP, anti-cytokeratin, and GFP. (A, B, C, 20× water immersion, NA 0.95; D 60× oil immersion, NA 1.4). 2A. An image of retina from a ZDR fish immunostained with anti-GFAP (red) and DAPI (blue). Strong labeling in the foot processes (fp) of Müller glia extending between the RGC nuclei (rgcn) into the inner plexiform layer is apparent. In addition, the Müller glial elements of the outer plexiform layer (opl) are brightly decorated, with fainter labeling extending to the outer limiting membrane. The scale bar represents 55 μm. 2B. Bright GFP fluorescence can be observed in Müller glia extending from the foot processes (fp) at the inner limiting membrane, through the outer plexiform layer (opl), to the outer limiting membrane (olm). The Müller soma (mgs) are visible among the nuclei of the amacrine cells. Note the distribution of GFAP as indicated by anti-GFAP (Figure 2A) is limited to certain regions of the Müller cells and differs from distribution of GFP expressed under a transgene promoter; GFP appears to illuminate all parts of the cell. The scale bar represents 85 μm. 2C. An image of retina from Tg(gfap:GFP) fish has been immunostained for anti-cytokeratin (magenta). As in Figure 2B, GFP fluorescence delineates Müller glia cells from the outer limiting membrane (olm) to the inner limiting membrane (ilm). Bright anti-cytokeratin labeling can be seen on the inner limiting membrane and in the cytoplasm of cells among the bundled fiber layer (bfl). Less intense cytokeratin labeling is apparent in the inner plexiform layer (ipl). The scale bar represents 70 μm. 2D. Similar to Figure 2C, at higher magnification showing details of the inner segments of the Müller glial cells and anti-cytokeratin labeling of the inner limiting membrane (ilm). Oblong nuclei characteristic of oligodendrocytes can be seen in the nerve fiber layer. The arrow at lower right indicates a blood vessel. The scale bar represents 50 μm.
The rapid regeneration of optic nerve in zebrafish as compared non-regeneration in mammals (who express GFAP in their optic nerves) suggests that GFAP itself is non-permissive to axonal regeneration. In mammals, reactive astrogliosis that includes upregulation of GFAP and vimentin provides a neuroprotective effect, particularly in a stroke model. Li et al. [8] found transection of the middle cerebral artery in Gfap(-/-) Vim(-/-) mice generated an infarct that was 210% to 350% larger than in wild type mice. They also report that Gfap(-/-) Vim(-/-) mice show attenuated reactive gliosis and improved post-traumatic regeneration as compared to wild type. In goldfish, Nona et al. [9] reported the presence of GFAP-positive astrocytes 7 days following an optic nerve crush injury on both proximal and distal to the lesion site; however, the injury site itself remained GFAP-negative, and astrocytes were excluded until after axonal regeneration was complete. Thus one could speculate that the absence of GFAP expression in fish optic nerve contributes to an environment that is permissive to nerve regeneration, but there seems to be no evidence that cytokeratins promote regeneration. In the present study, we found no evidence of increased cytokeratin expression in the injured optic nerve as compared to the uninjured. This result is consistent with previous studies of cytokeratin expression during optic nerve regeneration by Fuchs et al. (1994) in goldfish, where no changes in mRNA expression for the goldfish optic nerve cytokeratins GK48 and GK49 were found 10 days post-injury.
Anti-cytokeratin labeling of sections of optic nerve from Tg(gfap:GFP) fish revealed strong cytoplasmic labeling of cells consistent with reticular astrocytes, as described by Macdonald et al. [12] and earlier by Maggs and Scholes [13] (Figure 3B, D). As GFAP expression appears absent in zebrafish optic nerve, confirmation of these cells as astrocytes must depend on morphology, and the pattern of anti-cytokeratin staining seen in Figure 3B is most consistent with the Macdonald et al. [12] description of optic nerve astrocytes and cytokeratin distribution. Neurons would not be expected to label with anti-cytokeratin, and reports of cytokeratin expression in zebrafish oligodendrocytes are absent from the literature. Intermediate filaments of mammalian oligodendrocytes have been characterized as nestin and vimentin [14]. In contrast to the GFP expression observed in Müller glia in retina of Tg(gfap:GFP) fish, no GFP expression was observed in the optic nerves of the same fish. At the optic nerve head, a sharp boundary was present which appeared to exclude GFP-expressing Müller cells from the optic nerve. Cells showing cytokeratin labeling in their cytoplasm were found in the optic nerve head, and appeared to extend into the RGC nerve fiber layer, retinal inner plexiform layer, and may contribute to the inner limiting membrane (Figure 2D, 3C).
Images of retina from Tg(gfap:GFP) (A, B, C) zebrafish showing localization of anti-cytokeratin and GFP (A, 60× oil immersion, NA 1.4; B, C, 20× water immersion, NA 0.95), and (D) a diagram showing the ribbon structure of zebrafish optic nerve. 3A. A portion of retina labeled with anti-cytokeratin (magenta), DAPI (blue) and GFP. The inner limiting membrane (ilm) appears brightly decorated with anti-cytokeratin, which also less intensely labels cytoplasm of cells in the inner plexiform layer (example at arrow). The foot processes (fp) and inner segments of the Müller glia cells are illuminated by GFP and the nuclei of the RGCs (rgcn) by DAPI. The calibration bar represents 45 μm. 3B. Image of the optic nerve from the same section as shown in Figures 3A and 3C. Anti-cytokeratin labeling (magenta, arrows) can be seen in the cytoplasm of the optic nerve astrocytes that form the neurolemma of the ribbon-like optic nerve (see Figure 3D). Note the absence of GFP expression. The calibration bar represents 175 μm. 3C shows a section of retina that includes the optic nerve head, with the dotted line highlighting the portion of the section where the optic nerve appears exiting the retina. Cells resembling optic nerve astrocytes showing anti-cytokeratin labeled cytoplasm (magenta; example at arrow) appear to stream from the nerve into the retina. Note how the GFP-expressing Müller glial cells appear to form or strongly interact with the physiological cup of the optic nerve head, but then are excluded from the optic nerve itself. The calibration line represents 50 μm. Figure D is a diagram (adapted with permission from Figure 2D, Macdonald et al. [12]) illustrating the ribbon nature of the nerve, and the reticular astrocytes (green with red nuclei) forming the neurolemma and extending processes to the nodes (arrow, blue) in the myelin sheath formed by oligodendrocytes (O) on the RGC axons (n). The pattern of anti-cytokeratin staining seen in Figure 3B is most consistent with the Macdonald et al. [12] description of optic nerve astrocytes and cytokeratin distribution.
On the basis of these results, it appears that if Müller glial cells can be considered astrocytes, zebrafish have two populations of astrocytes in their retina, the GFAP expressing Müller cells, and the cytokeratin expressing reticular astrocytes that appear to extend into the retina from the optic nerve, forming the inner limiting membrane and contributing to the bundled nerve fiber and inner plexiform layers. According to Watanabe and Raff [15], a similar situation exists in mammalian retina with respect to non-Müller astrocytes entering the retina from the optic nerve along retinal vasculature, and in the mature retina, locating near the retinal vasculature and nerve fiber layer (although mammalian astrocytes do express GFAP and not cytokeratin). Because of the apparent absence of GFAP expression by any cell type in the zebrafish optic nerve - either injured or uninjured - studies of the role astrocytes may play during ONR in zebrafish cannot rely on GFAP as an marker for astrocytes or an indicator of reactivity. Future studies of ONR in zebrafish should include evaluation of changes in cytokeratin expression and localization in the optic nerve.
Bernhardt RR, Tongiorgi E, Anzini P, Schachner M: Increased expression of specific recognition molecules by retinal ganglion cells and by optic pathway glia accompanies the successful regeneration of retinal axons in adult zebrafish. J Comp Neurol. 1996, 376: 253-264. 10.1002/(SICI)1096-9861(19961209)376:2<253::AID-CNE7>3.0.CO;2-2.
Cho KS, Chen DF: Promoting Optic Nerve Regeneration in Adult Mice with Pharmaceutical Approach. Neurochem Res. 2008, 33 (10): 2126-2133. 10.1007/s11064-008-9736-3.
Park KK, Liu K, Hu Y, Smith PD, Wang C, Cai B, Xu B, Connolly L, Kramvis L, Sahin M, He Z: Promoting Axon Regeneration in the Adult CNS by Modulation of the PTEN/mTOR Pathway. Science. 2008, 322: 963-966. 10.1126/science.1161566.
Garcia DM, Koke JR: Astrocytes as gate-keepers in optic nerve regeneration -- A mini-review. Comparative Biochemistry and Physiology, Part A. 2009, 152: 135-138. 10.1016/j.cbpa.2008.09.026.
Saul KE, Koke JR, Garcia DM: Activating transcription factor 3 (ATF3) expression in the neural retina and optic nerve of zebrafish during optic nerve regeneration. Comp Biochem Physiol A Mol Integr Physiol. 2010, 155 (2010): 172-182. 10.1016/j.cbpa.2009.10.042.
Maggs A, Scholes J: Glial domains and nerve fiber patterns in the fish retinotectal pathway. J Neurosci. 1986, 6: 424-438.
Conrad M, Lemb K, Schubert T, Markl J: Biochemical identification and tissue-specific expression patterns of keratins in the zebrafish Danio rerio. Cell Tissue Res. 1998, 293: 195-205. 10.1007/s004410051112.
Li L, Lundkvist A, Andersson D, Wilhelmsson U, Nagai N, Pardo AC, Nodin C, Stahlberg A, Aprico K, Larsson K: Protective role of reactive astrocytes in brain ischemia. J Cereb Blood Flow Metab. 2008, 28 (3): 468-481.
Nona SN, Thomlinson AM, Bartlett CA, Scholes J: Schwann cells in the regenerating fish optic nerve: evidence that CNS axons, not the glia, determine when myelin formation begins. J Neurocytol. 2000, 29: 285-300. 10.1023/A:1026575805331.
Bernardos RL, Raymond PA: GFAP transgenic zebrafish. Gene Expr Patterns. 2006, 6: 1007-1013. 10.1016/j.modgep.2006.04.006.
Weigum SE, Garcia DM, Raabe TD, Christodoulides N, Koke JR: Discrete nuclear structures in actively growing neuroblastoma cells are revealed by antibodies raised against phosphorylated neurofilament proteins. BMC Neurosci. 2003, 4: 6-10.1186/1471-2202-4-6.
Macdonald R, Scholes J, Strahle U, Brennan C, Holder N, Brand M, Wilson SW: The Pax protein Noi is required for commissural axon pathway formation in the rostral forebrain. Development. 1997, 124: 2397-2408.
Maggs A, Scholes J: Reticular astrocytes in the fish optic nerve: macroglia with epithelial characteristics form an axially repeated lacework pattern, to which nodes of Ranvier are apposed. J Neurosci. 1990, 10: 1600-1614.
Zerlin M, Levison SW, Goldman JE: Early patterns of migration, morphogenesis, and intermediate filament expression of subventricular zone cells in the postnatal rat forebrain. J Neurosci. 1995, 15: 7238-7249.
Watanabe T, Raff MC: Retinal astrocytes are immigrants from the optic nerve. Nature. 1988, 332: 834-837. 10.1038/332834a0.
The authors acknowledge the contributions of undergraduate Kyle Henry, who performed the anti-GFAP labeling. This work was made possible by NSF grants IOB-0615762 to DMG and DBI-0821252 to JRK and DMG.
Department of Biology, Texas State University-San Marcos, San Marcos, TX, 78666, USA
Joseph R Koke
, Amanda L Mosier
& Dana M García
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Correspondence to Joseph R Koke.
All authors have read and approve the final manuscript. JRK contributed to the experimental design, supervised the microscopy and prepared the final images and manuscript. ALM performed the zebrafish surgeries, dissections, microtechnique and collected the images. DMG conceived and supervised the overall project and provided intellectual guidance.
Koke, J.R., Mosier, A.L. & García, D.M. Intermediate filaments of zebrafish retinal and optic nerve astrocytes and Müller glia: differential distribution of cytokeratin and GFAP. BMC Res Notes 3, 50 (2010). https://doi.org/10.1186/1756-0500-3-50
Green Fluorescent Protein
Optic Nerve Head
Green Fluorescent Protein Expression
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bNowhere
The random space of expression that may or may not have any significance to anyone, to society, to anything...I am everyone and no one. I am everything and nothing. I am everywhere and nowhere. bNowhere - because the world is smaller than we think.
Happiness is discovering a jungle pool!
Rain often brings people down, but when it creates a temporary paradise, jungle pools like this, who can complain? :) Find a pool near you, and jump in! Enjoy!
Posted by Franco Esteve at 12:18 PM No comments:
Why the new Apple Watch isn’t better than the old Apple Watch… unless it is.
The Apple iPod Nano Watch, or as I like to call it, Apple Watch 1.0
The Apple Watch isn’t better than the old Apple iPod watch… unless it is.
Let’s start with the obvious. For those of you that don’t know or remember, a few years ago, Apple released an iPod nano in a watch sized version. It had a wonderful touchscreen interface which was simple and easy to use. Apple didn’t officially announce it as a watch even if it really was. It was an iPod Nano after all, yet, they included a clock app with multiple watch faces, including the Mickey Mouse face everyone loves. Let’s say it was a test, and as tests go, sometimes they’re just too awesome.
The fabulous Mickey Mouse watchface, designed
for a square watch to boot. Take that Apple Watch!
The clamp design on the bottom was perfect to create straps for and a few third parties jumped at that, creating some wonderful straps and turing the iPod Nano into the perfect iPod watch. The app selection was limited but perfect: Audiobooks, Clock, Music, Music control, Nike+, Photos, Podcasts, Radio, System Settings. Yes, you read correctly: Radio. Oh, sorry, yes, Nike+. We’ll talk about Radio later.
With its accelerometer, Nike+ on the iPod Nano Watch was plenty perfect,
unless you needed more, in which case, you need more. Go figure. ;)
Nike+ for iPod Nano… no iPhone necessary… or Nike+ Sensor… or any receiver whatsoever. The iPod watch has an accelerometer built in, so it tracks like the old sensor used to and synchronizes the same as the Nike+ app on iPhone so you can share on Nike plus on Facebook or Twitter or whatever, except with a cable… of course. Sure, it doesn’t have GPS and doesn’t live-synchronize with the world through 4G, but you can workout without your phone and be comfortable with the fact that your battery won’t die. Oh, and the app still does a pretty good job of tracking your workouts accurately, of course. This leads us to:
The Apple iPod Watch is better than the new Apple Watch. Oh yes, and in so many ways.
Battery life: I’ve used my iPod Watch for 2 weeks without needing a charge, although when I use it heavily as an iPod and for workouts it doesn’t last nearly that long. I usually charge the battery about once a week regardless. The new Apple Watch won’t last more than 18 hours, and if you’re a cyclist, it won’t last your workout.
– Winner: iPod watch –
Clock: A watch by definition is a timepiece. It’s main job is to tell the time the same as a phone is meant for phone calls. It’s its most basic function. Both the iPod Watch and the Apple Watch tell the time perfectly, including the day and month like a lot of watches, and of course, there’s the stopwatch and other basic functions of a modern watch.
Why aren’t the faces square? They ARE here.
But despite the gorgeous designs of some of the faces Apple includes with Apple Watch, the iPod watch has an advantage. You see, both watches have a square design, yet, puzzlingly, Apple Watch includes only round, traditional watch faces along with the digital ones. I don’t get that. It’s stupid. iPod watch on the other hand has most faces designed for a square screen. They look great.
– Winner: Tie – They both tell the time perfectly, even if the square faces look better on iPod watch.
Radio: Let me get this out of the way. ALL iPhones have the capability to have a radio, but they don’t. WHY?! It’s built into it, yet it’s shut off and unavailable to the user. The Apple Watch suffers the same problem. But NOT the iPod watch. The iPod watch has its radio ON and you can easily find your favorite live, over-the-air and free radio station with the touch of the screen. The interface is simple and easy using touch and you can finally listen to the radio again without spending on data plans or premium paid radio programs. Who would have thought? Radio!!!
Radio and normal headphones equals lots of awesome.
Now, speaking of the radio, you might think, “How can this get good reception? Where’s the antenna? Does it work?” The answer is YES, YES, & YES! Oh, the antenna bit takes us to…
Headphones: The radio app uses the headphones as an antenna. Clever, right? Oh, wait. WHAT? Yes, you can actually plug-in headphones. IT HAS A HEADPHONE JACK! (cue celebratory fanfare). No energy sucking bluetooth to turn-on and no energy sucking, battery charging needing, bluetooth headphones to listen to music with. Just plug your favorite Apple white (or green or black or blue) headphones and you’re good to go. The Apple Watch doesn’t have a headphone jack. It requires yet another item to charge, and battery sucking bluetooth to boot, though to be fair on the bluetooth front, you need it to sync with the phone anyway. Did I mention the battery on the iPod watch lasts forever?
Which one is better? They both are.
As mainly a music focused device, the iPod watch definitely delivers. It can hold quite a bit of music. Its battery lasts forever. It has a freakin’ real Radio! It has podcasts, audiobooks and what not. It’s an iPod… period. As watches go, it also delivers on its promise. It’s an awesome watch with all the basic watch features and looks damn good doing it, often better than the Apple Watch. On top of that, it has Nike+ workout tracking and you’re not constantly distracted during your workout by any of the following:
Battery dying, annoying notifications, headphone battery dying, disturbing vibrations, battery dying, did I mention battery dying? Ok, ok. I’m being unfair. That’s only happening to cyclists. Don’t you just hate them on the road? I’m only joking, but not about the battery and cyclists part, unless they fixed it already. What can I say, that’s just them apples. ;)
iPod Nano Watch with Lunatik Lynk Silver Watch Band ($129)
In many ways, the iPod watch was the perfect watch and yet, the Apple Watch is so much more.
The Apple Watch is NOT an Apple Watch
The Apple Watch, like most so-called “smartwatches”, is an inferior watch and therefore inferior to the Apple iPod Nano watch, but that’s ‘cause we’re trying to say we’re comparing Apples to Apples. The problem is we’re actually not. The Apple Watch is NOT a watch.
“Despite the name, the Apple Watch isn’t mean to be a watch. It’s really a controller for your iPhone.”
It violates the logic that if it looks like a watch, is worn like a watch, and acts like a watch, it must be a watch… except it isn’t. Despite the name, the Apple Watch isn’t meant to be a watch. It’s really a controller for your iPhone. Sure, it tells time and has many of the features you expect from a modern smartwatch, but it really ain’t that smart.
The smartwatch that isn’t smart
Unlike Smartphones, smartwatches aren’t at the level of a computer on your wrist the way a smartphone is a computer in your pocket. Sure they run some apps, but the apps are really controllers for apps on your phone. So the Apple Watch is basically as smart as a remote control. Actually, that’s what it really is: a really cool, bluetooth remote control for your iPhone.
Sure it has some gimmicky little apps and what not, but it’s the dependence on the iPhone in your pocket that I see as the achilles heel and the main issue. Oh, and the battery, of course, which is crap. It might be better than other “smartphones”, but sorry, it’s crap.
Life with an Apple Watch is not like life with an iPod Watch
Battery issues, missing radio, and bluetooth headphones aside, the Apple Watch is a freakin’ awesome remote control. The apps and complexity make me miss the old iPod Watch for its simplicity when it comes to interfacing with it, but thankfully, there’s Siri to the rescue. Now, you might be thinking of a Siri joke right about now, but the truth is, in my experience, it just works.
Once you start using Siri, you realize how good she’s gotten at understanding English. I haven’t tried it in other languages, so your mileage may vary there. No need to open apps or type things out when you can simply say, “Set up a date with my wife for Friday afternoon at seven at DiGeorgio’s on Hudson street.” Siri knows who my wife is and is smart enough to interpret the rest properly, setting up the event in my calendar. You can even tell it to remind you and it will set an alarm for that event. Once you go beyond the “Call so and so”, you realize how awesome Siri really is, and on the Apple Watch, it’s just natural. The fact that it works is awesome, but the fact that one feels like James Bond or Captain Kirk is a bonus.
Notice I didn’t say Dick Tracy. If there’s no video, it’s not like Dick Tracy! Alright?!
Smart watch meets iPod Nano Watch with cool
controller sans forever battery = Apple Watch.
Also, the Digital Crown works quite well as well. It’s surprisingly clever and useful. It’s a nice take on an old theme. It does help as an interface device, especially because you can better see the screen while you navigate, which in the iPod watch was more difficult.
Oh, and The Apple Watch has an OLED, retina screen. Need I say more?
– Winner: Apple Watch –
Ok, so there’s a lot more to the Apple Watch than one might expect, but I’m sorry, the vibrations are still weird and creepy even if I don’t have to look at the map and so is the heartbeat thingy even if my wife found it romantic. And 17,000 dollars, REALLY? WTF Apple?
Really Apple?… Really?
Price: The iPod watch was reasonably priced with a higher price for more memory. It was a beautiful device everyone could afford. It was a status symbol because it was beautifully designed and worked better than everything else on the market for the price. It wasn’t a status symbol because only the 1% could afford it.
I get that Apple wants to take the cash that custom gold-dipping companies were getting for dipping the iPhones in gold, but come on. It goes against Apple’s original and Steve Jobs’ founding spirit of “The computer for the rest of us.” And when did aluminum become crappier than steel? It’s lighter and just as strong. I can only assume it became crappier when they started saying the gold Apple Watch was 18K gold when it actually uses a trick to have the name with less gold content.
– Winner: iPod watch — Ok, it’s really a tie. You can get an Apple Watch for only $349 dollars, and it’s just as good and powerful as the $17,000 dollar one. It will also be just as obsolete in a year or two. So maybe the joke is on the 1%, and the rest of us are the real winners. ☺
In the end, I love the Apple Watch, but I hate the battery. I’m not comfortable with the vibrations. The notifications are a lot more annoying on the watch than on the phone. And I hate that there’s no headphone jack. I miss the old iPod watch for that and for its simplicity while maintaining a high level of functionality and usability. But as remote controls go, the Apple Watch is just way too cool, with Siri, phone calls, messaging, and its health features… and it tells the time! ;)
Ok, I’m keeping the remote control and the old iPod Watch goes back to being just an iPod Nano, and that’s ok. Although, I do think I look a bit strange with one on each wrist.
Just pondering…
More to look at:
Nike+ iPod Nano website (for current iPod Nano):
https://secure-nikeplus.nike.com/plus/products/ipod_nano/
Lunatik iPod Nano watch bands:
https://www.lunatik.com/categories/ipod-nano
Here’s some iPod Nano Watch porn:
ipod nano watch Google image search
And the official Apple Watch website:
https://www.apple.com/watch/
Keywords: Apple Watch, iPod nano, iPhone
Posted by Franco Esteve at 4:06 PM No comments:
Labels: Apple, Apple Watch, iPhone, iPod, remote control, watch
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My life has existed throughout this planet, growing up everywhere and nowhere. I belong to no place and I wouldn't have it any other way.
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LA Sessions CD
Click here to purchase on CenterCutRecords.com
LA Sessions follows up the harpist/multi-instrumentalist’s critically acclaimed debut Cantaloupe, and features the achingly haunting single “Back To You.”
Known for his magnetic voice and incandescent use of imagery and costumes in his live performances and videos, Arsenia lets his soulful hypnotic vocal style rule while gathering around him some of music’s most sought-out collaborators/session musicians. His ability to seamlessly bend genres and fuse diverse musical styles (a hallmark of his work) shines through on multiple standout tracks, including “Falling Over,” the playful “Poseidon,” the gospel tinged “Dying,” the jazzy R&B scorcher, “Smoke And Mirrors” and a smoldering version of Billie Holiday’s treasured “Don’t Explain.”
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Ken Burns and the Vietnam War: Ten Items to Watch For
W.J. Astore
On September 17th, a new TV documentary series on the Vietnam War by Ken Burns (famous for past series on the U.S. Civil War, Baseball, and Jazz, among others) and Lynn Novick begins its run on PBS. Airing in ten parts over 18 hours, the series promises a comprehensive look at the war from all sides, with the catchphrase “There is no single truth in war” serving as a guiding light. Initial excerpts suggest the series isn’t looking to provide definitive answers, perhaps as a way of avoiding political controversy in the Age of Trump.
I’ll be watching the series, but I have ten points of my own to make about America’s war in Vietnam. As a preamble, the Vietnam War (American version) was both mistake and crime. What’s disconcerting in the U.S. media is the emphasis on the war as an American tragedy, when it was truly a horrific tragedy inflicted upon the peoples of Southeast Asia (Vietnamese, Laotians, Cambodians). Yes, American troops suffered and died in large numbers, yet Southeast Asian casualties were perhaps 50 times as great. Along with wanton killing came the poisoning of the environment with defoliants like Agent Orange; meanwhile, mines and unexploded ordnance from the war continue to kill people today in Southeast Asia. In a sense, the killing from that war still isn’t over.
With the caveat that we should reserve judgment until we’ve seen the series, let’s keep these ten points in mind as we watch:
1. To most Americans, Vietnam is a war. And war is a distorting and limiting lens through which to view cultures and peoples. Will Burns recognize this distortion?
2. The series talks about hearing voices from all sides of the conflict. But will the Vietnamese people, together with Laotians and Cambodians, really have as much say as Americans?
3. The U.S. suffered nearly 60,000 troops killed. But Vietnamese killed numbered in the millions. And the destruction to SE Asia — the spread of the war to Laos and Cambodia — was on a scale that rivaled or surpassed the destruction to the American South during the U.S. Civil War. Will that destruction be thoroughly documented and explained?
4. Whose point of view will prevail in the documentary? What will be the main thread of the narrative? Will the war be presented as a tragedy? A misunderstanding? A mistake? A crime? Will the “noble cause” and “stabbed in the back” myths (the ideas that the U.S. fought for freedom and democracy and against communism, and that the U.S. military could have won but was prevented from doing so by unpatriotic forces at home) be given equal time in the interests of a “fair and balanced” presentation? Will these myths be presented as alternative truths of the war?
5. Which American war in Vietnam will be presented? Even when we talk of the American part of the Vietnam War, there were at least four wars. The U.S. Army under General William Westmoreland fought a conventional, search and destroy, war. The Air Force wanted to prove that airpower alone, specifically bombing, could win the war. The Marines were more interested in counterinsurgency and pacification. The CIA and special ops types were engaged in psychological warfare, assassinations, torture, and god-knows-what-else.
6. The American presence in Vietnam became so overwhelming that by 1967-68 the Vietnamese economy was completely distorted. We brought American materialism and profligacy to a nation that was, by comparison, impoverished and “backwards” (from our perspective, of course). Material superiority bred and fed cockiness.
Consider Meredith Lair’s book, “Armed with Abundance: Consumerism and Soldiering in the Vietnam War” (2011). It details the non-combat experiences of U.S. troops in Vietnam. Here’s a telling book blurb written by historian Christian Appy: “Meredith Lair’s fascinating analysis of rear-echelon life among American G.I.s dramatically challenges our most common conceptions of U.S. military experiences in Vietnam. From steaks to steambaths, swimming pools to giant PXs, the amenities provided on large bases not only belie conventional images of that war, but also stand as dramatic testimony to the desperate and unsuccessful effort of American officials to bolster flagging troop morale as the war lurched toward its final failure.”
Will this orgy of American-driven materialism be documented?
7. Anti-war protests and serious unrest within the U.S. military led to the end of the draft and the creation of an “all-volunteer” military. Has this decision contributed to a more imperial U.S. foreign policy facilitated by a much more tractable military of “volunteers”?
8. Short of nuclear weapons, the U.S. military used virtually every weapon in its arsenal in SE Asia. The region became a test/proving ground for all sorts of weapons and concepts, from “smart” weapons and electronic fences and sensors to horrendous pounding by conventional bombs to war on the environment using defoliants and massive bulldozers to … well … everything. All sorts of pacification theories were tested as well, along with COIN and “small wars” and unconventional tactics to search and destroy to Vietnamization to … well … again, everything. SE Asia became a laboratory and its peoples became lab rats. Will this reality be fully documented?
9. It’s essential that people realize President Richard Nixon and his National Security Adviser, Henry Kissinger, knew the war was a lost cause no later than 1969. (Their conversations on tape prove this.) All they were looking for was a “decent interval” between a peace treaty (“peace with honor”) and what they saw as the inevitable collapse. They got that (in)decent interval of roughly 2.5 years. The Congressional decision to cut off funding to South Vietnam was convenient for the Nixon/Kissinger acolytes, since it allowed them to shift the blame for South Vietnam’s collapse in 1975 to Congress as well as to the usual “suspect” elements in American society, i.e. the peace movement.
Will the duplicity and hypocrisy of Nixon/Kissinger be adequately documented?
10. Finally, an important aspect of the Vietnam War was the breakdown in discipline within the U.S. military, which helped to drive the eventual elimination of the draft. Part of this breakdown was driven by drugs, a trade in which the CIA was implicated. At The Intercept, Jeremy Scahill interviewed Alfred McCoy, who wrote the book on this drug trade. Here’s an excerpt from their recent interview:
Alfred McCoy: And in 1970 and ’71, there were rumors that started coming back from Vietnam, particularly 1971, that heroin was spreading rapidly in the ranks of the U.S. forces fighting in South Vietnam. And in later research, done by the White House, [it was] determined that in 1971, 34 percent, one-third of all the American combat troops fighting in South Vietnam were heavy heroin users. There were, if that statistic is accurate, more addicts in the ranks of the U.S. Army in South Vietnam than there were in the United States.
And so what I did was I set out to investigate: Where was the opium coming from? Where was the heroin coming from? Who was trafficking it? How is it getting to the troops in their barracks and bunkers across the length and breadth of South Vietnam? Nobody was asking this question. Everyone was reporting on the high level of abuse, but nobody was figuring out where and who.
So I started interviewing. I went to Paris. I interviewed the head of the French equivalent of the CIA in Indochina, who was then head of a major French helicopter manufacturing company, and he explained to me how during the French Indochina war from 1946 to 1954, they were short of money for covert operations, so the hill tribes in Laos produced the opium, the aircraft picked it up, they turned it over to the netherworld, the gangsters that controlled Saigon and secured it for the French and that paid for their covert operations. And I said, “What about now?” And he said, “Well I don’t think the pattern’s changed. I think it’s still there. You should go and look.”
So I did. I went to Saigon. I got some top sources in the Vietnamese military. I went to Laos. I hiked into the mountains. I was ambushed by CIA mercenaries and what I discovered was that the CIA’s contract airline, Air America, was flying into the villages of the Hmong people in Northern Laos, whose main cash crop was opium and they were picking up the opium and flying it out of the hills and there were heroin labs — one of the heroin labs, the biggest heroin lab in the world, was run by the commander-in-chief of the Royal Laotian Army, a man whose military budget came entirely from the United States. And they were transforming, in those labs, the opium into heroin. It was being smuggled into South Vietnam by three cliques controlled by the president, the vice president, and the premier of South Vietnam, and their military allies and distributed to U.S. forces in South Vietnam.
And the CIA wasn’t directly involved, but they turned a blind eye to the role of their allies’ involvement in the traffic. And so this heroin epidemic swept the U.S. Army in Vietnam. The Defense Department invented mass urine analysis testing, so when those troops left they were tested and given treatment. And what I discovered was the complexities, the complicity, of the CIA in this traffic and that was a pattern that was repeated in Central America when the Contras became involved in the traffic.
These ten items highlight just some of the complexities of the Vietnam War and its effects throughout Southeast Asia. How many of these will be tackled honestly in Ken Burns’s new series? We shall see, beginning in two weeks.
Posted on September 3, 2017 September 4, 2017 by wjastorePosted in Asia, US Military, US Politics, warTagged Cambodia, Communism, Containment, Ken Burns, Kissinger, Laos, Nixon, noble cause, PBS, peace with honor, Southeast Asia, Vietnam, Vietnam War, Westmoreland.
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25 thoughts on “Ken Burns and the Vietnam War: Ten Items to Watch For”
Bruce Smith says:
Hah ha! For some some reason whenever I see W. J. Astore or Alfred McCoy I jump to read! Now WJA publishes one of his essays! lol!
Though seriously, 2 great writers & thinkers. I’d guess a few generations apart, proper thinking & morals remain the same: you’re both on the right track.
I spent my life as a “capitalist”, unlike yourselves in the military. Yet we had sympathy for draftee’s in Vietnam. We too could have been drafted, but worked for an advertising company that had JP Stevens, fabric maker for army uniforms & tents etc. as an account. We only worked 20 minutes a week; other clients Coca-Cola, Buick, etc. MANY hours. It was a con game between big business & Military Industrial Complex. Not that we complained! And NEVER engaged in anti war marches! “Neutral”.
Now I’m an old bastard at 72! Have all limbs; brain maybe so-so.
Time to make amends. Of course it’s WORSE today, but I think with writers like WJA & McCoy, we’ll S-L-O-W-L-Y start to win. The so called “Wolfowitz Doctrine” is basically dead. At least colonists of the past took over, controlled, then plundered.
We, US & puppets, today just wreck & destroy. The old colonists were far smarter!
The cost of stealing their resources is FAR higher than they are worth!
Which is why Houston is underwater. Plenty to fight in Afghanistan for lithium, but bankrupt at home.
Jesse Barton says:
Folks should know that the heroin trafficking addressed in question 10 extended into Army bases in West Germany. At least that was the situation at the artillery base where I was stationed.
I’m a product of this war. I was in the Navy from 1967 to 1971. I am now suffering from at least two physical conditions to Agent Orange exposure ads I was a machine gunner on a riverboat when Admiral Zumwalt decided to defoliate the riverbanks. But this is not about me. As a history professor, have you delved into what I believe is the real root cause of our involvement in Viet Nam. During WW2, Ho Chi Minh was our ally fighting the Japanese along side the OSS operatives in the northern sections of the country. After the end of the war, a parade was held in Hanoi honoring some of the OSS operatives. Meanwhile Truman put Viet Nam on the backburner since he had Marshall implementing his plan to rebuild Europe. Which was deemed more important. After WW2, colonialism should have been put to rest. But we all know the French and Michelin were given cart blanche to go back for the rubber plantations and whatever else. Ho Chi Minh defeated them too. We then bail out the French yet again. Also the ridiculous excuse of the US containing Communism, mainly the Chinese is totally ludicrous. The Vietnamese did not and do not want to be colonized by anyone. Including the Chinese who they have been fighting off and on for 5000 years. They certainly didn’t want us either. Would we tolerate a foreign some other country trying to change our form of government through invasion?
Michael Murry says:
Greetings, Mike. Always good to have another Brown Water Navy veteran aboard.
For your information, you can find an extensive discussion of this upcoming Ken Burns documentary at The Contrary Perspective website: Vietnam Redux: An Open Letter to Ken Burns, with over a hundred comments to date, many of them dealing with the overall history of America’s military misadventure in Southeast Asia (Vietnam, Cambodia, and Laos) as well as the recollected personal experiences of some who took part in that history. You might find that discussion of interest.
As for my own insignificant part in this history, I have put together some pictures and an accompanying narrative — still incomplete in places — at The Misfortune Teller. I began the website as a place to put my virulently anti-war poetry, but I later expanded it to include a seventeen-year project putting together a pronunciation guide to the Japanese version of the Threefold Lotus Sutra. Then, I decided to add a still-developing page of references to some of the reading that has most guided my own intellectual and literary development. A work-in-progress, certainly, and one that I’ll probably never finish in this lifetime. Still, it did all start for me on a specific date, three years into my six-year enlistment in Uncle Sam’s Canoe Club (a.k.a., the United States Navy):
TO: COMMANDING OFFICER
NAVAL NUCLEAR POWER TRAINING UNIT
IDAHO FALLS, IDAHO 83401.
BUPERS TC B1889. TRF JUL 69 EM2 MICHAEL R. MURRY, USN, B81 75 63 TO RPT NET 0001, 20 AUG 69 BUT NLT 1500, 21 AUG 69 TO CO NAVPHIBASE CORONADO FOR 7 WKS TEDUINS COI (4 WKS ACADEMIC PHASE AND 3 WKS SERE) COMPTEMDUINS AND WHEN DIRECTED BY CO NAVPHIBASE FFT TO RPT NET 001, 17 OCT 69 BUT NLT 1500, 18 OCT 69 TO SUPT NAVPGSCOL MONTEREY FOR DUINS 32 WKS WITH DEFENSE LANGUAGE INSTITUTE WEST COAST BRANCH COI VIETNAMESE LANGUAGE (CRS NO. O4VS32KO470) CLCVN 20 20 OCT 69/ENDING 18 JUN 70. COMPLY OPNAVINST 11101.20 CIC 2NCG05197563. FOR CHNAVADVGRP MACV: ULTIMATE ASSIGN TO CHNAVADVGRP MACV AS AN ELECTRICAL ADVISOR PARA/LINE N14/14.
Translation from military gobbledegook into plain English:
Electricians Mate Second Class Michael R, Murry will transfer from the Naval Nuclear Power Training Unit in Idaho Falls, Idaho, and report no later than 1500 (three o’clock in the afternoon) on the 21st of August 1969 to the commanding officer of the Naval Amphibious Base, Coronado Island (near San Diego) for seven weeks of temporary duty instruction (4 weeks academic phase and 3 weeks Survival, Evasion, Resistance, and Escape (SERE)) at the conclusion of which he will report no later than 1500 on the 18th of October 1969 to the Superintendent Naval Postgraduate School Monterey for 32 weeks of duty instruction with the Defense Language Institute West Coast Branch in the Vietnamese Language (Southern Dialect), course beginning on 20 October, 1969 and ending 18 June, 1970. In compliance with Operational Naval Instructions he will ultimately be assigned to the Chief of Naval Advisory Group, Military Assistance Command, Vietnam, for duty as an Electrical Advisor.
Which all leads up to my relationship with Admiral Elmo Zumwalt — whom you mention in your comments — and the affect that this man had upon my subsequent life, all of it no doubt unintentional on his part. But that story remains for another comment some other time.
I’ve read most of the better histories of the United States and Asia, but I’d like to know your own story, as this information will no doubt help us enrich our understanding of the unfolding history which continues to produce us all.
Mike Murry — Kaohsiung, Taiwan
r zemanek says:
A Navy nuke power guy with SERE training and more than half a year of Vietnamese language instruction…posting from Taiwan…nothing to see here, move along. Bet you don’t have any good stories to tell!
Mike: I can only sympathize with you, and hope your conditions get better, but your essay is RIGHT ON!
Thanks. If you know, just what were we supposed to win. Whatever that elusive concept is, were are repeating it all over again in the Middle East. What and how are we going to win in Sandland?
wjastore says:
That is a great question. Check out Major Danny Sjursen’s article at TomDispatch.com today. Here’s an excerpt:
“If ever you have the urge to do just that, ask yourself the following question: Would I be able to confidently explain to someone’s mother what (besides his mates) her child actually died for?
What would you tell her? That he (or she) died to ensure Saudi hegemony in the Persian Gulf, or to facilitate the rise of ISIS, or an eternal Guantanamo, or the spread of terror groups, or the creation of yet more refugees for us to fear, or the further bombing of Yemen to ensure a famine of epic proportions?
Maybe you could do that, but I couldn’t and can’t. Not anymore, anyway. There have already been too many mothers, too many widows, for whom those explanations couldn’t be lamer. And so many dead — American, Afghan, Iraqi, and all the rest — that eventually I find myself sitting on a bar stool staring at the six names on those bracelets of mine, the wreckage of two wars reflecting back at me, knowing I’ll never be able to articulate a coherent explanation for their loved ones, should I ever have the courage to try.”
http://www.tomdispatch.com/post/176323/tomgram%3A_danny_sjursen%2C_whose_side_are_you_on/
weldonberger says:
I wonder if they address Nixon’s pre-election sabotage of LBJ’s peace talks, which Johnson and others have described as treason.
Excellent question.
MonotonousLanguor says:
Yes, it will be interesting to see how the political decisions will be presented. I suspect a good deal of arrogance lurked in the back of some of these decision makers minds. The USA had become accustomed to instigating coups, saber rattling, or outright military interventions especially in Latin America to achieve a desired result. Perhaps North Vietnam and the Viet Cong was viewed within this prism of arrogance. The long history of Vietnamese resistance to foreign invaders was ignored.
I was a combat infantryman with the 1st. Cavalry Division along the Cambodian border 1970-71. I was a part of the invasion of Cambodia. I knew even as a “grunt” the Army of South Vietnam would lose once the last American Combat forces and support troops, including the Air Force were gone.
Tran Van Tra was a Viet Cong and NVA Lt. General. There is an extensive report Part 5 from the Paris Agreement to Complete Victory, he authored in 1982 on the internet: http://usacac.army.mil/cac2/cgsc/carl/download/csipubs/Vietnam.pdf General Tra, mentions China had given signals in the 1960’s that the USA was free to act in Vietnam as long as the USA did not clash with China.
There is one other part, the degradation of Vietnamese Society. There were brothels set-up from south of DMZ to the South China Sea. You could go on R&R to several different cities outside of Vietnam. Back in Vietnam there were “hooch girls” who would clean up the hooches (barracks) or other buildings. Some engaged in prostitution.
No book or TV Program can completely bring home the Vietnam War. It was in Vietnam when I saw people frantically going through our garbage before it was buried in a pit. It is like a factory hog farm. I can describe the eye burning stench and could show you pictures or video of it. You will not be able to experience it or understand it from a book or other media.
Great comment, ML. Some things must be lived to be understood, and your experiences in theater in Vietnam fall in that category. I’ve read a lot of combat memoirs about Vietnam, but I don’t pretend to understand what the war was really like. We catch glimpses in memoirs, many of them powerful and ghastly. They make an impression, but they don’t haunt me because I didn’t live them.
Thank you for the post Prof Astore.
There is so much literature on Vietnam war, for a late comer, it is overwhelming to know where to start and there is no agreement regarding anything related to this war and I guess that will continue as Mr James Reston Jr states……
http://www.latimes.com/opinion/op-ed/la-oe-reston-vietnam-refought-20170903-story.html
I still have to read the book by Frances Fitzgerald, “Fire in the Lake” however did read “Sideshow: Kissinger, Nixon & the Destruction of Cambodia” by Shawcross which was shocking to say the least. I am hoping to read “On the Frontlines of the Television War”……….memoir by a TV Cameraman, Yasutsune “Tony” Hirashiki.
Can’t say I will watch the documentary live…. have seen enough carnage already what with all the wars raging all around us. Can not take anymore lies. Will await reviews!
Thanks for the link to the op-ed article by James Reston in The Los Angeles Times, RS. I especially apprecieated the following observation:
“It is with bitter irony that the Vietnam generation has witnessed the friendly visits of Presidents Clinton and Bush (both of whom avoided the war) to Hanoi.”
Personally, I never begrudged anyone avoiding a needless, pointless war that anyone in his or her right mind would have avoided if they could. Nor did I ever resent reconcilliaton with a united and independent Vietnam. We Americans had no business fighting the Vietnamese in the first place. I just wish that we had sent a genuine advocate for peace, like Jane Fonda, as our official representative, and not some cynical, self-serving “Commander-in-Brief” who loved war and couldn’t wait to start more of them as long as someone else did the fighting and dying. So, I dealt with the bitter irony as best I could eleven years ago on my birthday:
Written on the occasion of President George W. Bush finally making the trip to Vietnam on November 17, 2006, decades after a better American woman, Jane Fonda, made the trip in his place. Three-and-a-half years into his own Vietnam-style debacles in Iraq and Afghanistan — disasters that he would bequeath to his successor two years later — Dubya the Dimwit proved to the world that what he didn’t learn about America in Vietnam he wouldn’t learn about America in the Middle East, either.
Hanoi Haiku
In Hanoi at last
Red-carpet in return for
Our carpet-bombing
The words no one heard,
Due so many years after:
Deputy Dubya
Sheriff Cheney’s Barney Fife
Lost in Mayberry
Gullible Goofy
The boy who cried Wolfowitz
Far too many times
Naked ruler’s brand new clothes
Viewed through glasses green
A cakewalk in its last throes
Now a glacier race
Four Years an “instant”
Nothing happens right away
Broken-egg omelets
George Orwell’s Catastrophic
Gradualism
Shop till the troops drop
Buy a plane ticket or two
Your part in the “war”
Rob the future now
They will never break our will
Those grandkids of ours
Lecture the victors
About their First and Second
Indochina Wars
Where did we get him?
How come we can’t do better?
We look so stupid
Michael Murry, “The Misfortune Teller,” Copyright 2006
Or this, written two years later (2008). And now, nine years later still (2017), Deputy Dubya the Third (Donald Trump) takes over and …
“All In” on a Bad Hand
Shrub had an urge to waste and splurge,
But now we moan a mournful dirge.
Procrastination has its aims,
Yet never offers truthful claims.
Again we stay to stall for time,
‘Till Shrub can cover up his crime.
Like Vietnam in desert sands,
Iraq once more has tied our hands.
The violence goes down, we say;
So that just means we have to stay.
The violence goes up and so
That just means we can never go.
We train them to dependency
So that they’ll never once break free.
We’ve given them vast wounds to nurse,
And English, so they’ll learn to curse.
Thus, mission-creeping with a “surge,”
We flog ourselves with our own scourge.
But Dick says Shrub the burden bears:
Deciding stuff while chaos flares.
This propaganda catapult
Continues to our minds insult.
His lies he’s never once un-spun,
Or failed to twist the Truth for fun.
So now he waits for greater fools
To buy his worthless quagmire jewels.
We’ve gone “all in” on Shrub’s bad bet.
How stupid can one nation get?
Michael Murry, “The Misfortune Teller,” Copyright © 2008
Rapier says:
The Vietnamese who fought to expel the French and then us did so, to use a sort of analogy; 12 hrs a day, 7 days a week, for 25 years if they lived that long, without pay. They fielded perhaps the best motivated best disciplined best lead army of the 20th century. Against that America had one answer. Blow it up. That didn’t work either but it was good for business and provided the majority of Americans with the thing they most love. Blowing up someplace that isn’t America.
Which we have continued to do for nearing 50 more years with no end in sight.
Mr Ken Burns on making the documentary …….
http://www.latimes.com/opinion/op-ed/la-ol-patt-morrison-ken-burns-vietnam-war-20170906-htmlstory.html
Thanks for the link, RS.
Sometimes I wonder about Ken Burns. Take the following, for example:
“I do believe in our exceptionalism. I am not Pollyanna-ish; we simply have to hold ourselves to a much higher standard than anyone else is held to. I think that’s part of the American promise.”
Sure. I thought American exceptionalism means no accountability or legal obligations whatsoever for the ruling corporate/military junta. As George Orwell put it in 1984: “In Oceania, there is no law.” So much for that “higher standard.” More like no standards whatsoever — for us.
And then this series of connected whoppers:
“I think the military learned a lot of practical stuff. They didn’t like having collateral damage, so they learned precision bombing. They didn’t like having their planes shot out of the air, so they developed stealth technology. They didn’t want the press getting into every nook and corner, so they invented the embedded thing.”
“We don’t as a people blame the soldiers anymore; that’s one of the best and most durable things I think we’ll never, ever forget.”
Translation: We don’t blame the generals and admirals, no matter how many decades they spend locating unnecessary and pointless wars to fight — just to keep in practice — and then losing to any and every rag-tag group of barely armed goatherds and poppy farmers they can find. But when something goes wrong and the American people find out about it, the brasss always blames the enlisted men. See Private Bradley/Chelsea Manning for only one example. He/she ruined everything for the ticket-punching career brass by committing journalism because the “in bed with” Pentagon sycophants wouldn’t do their job. No accurate reporting on our secret and uncounted “wars” allowed The American people certainly can’t forget what they never hear about in the first place.
When Mr Burns looks up at the sky in his world, I wonder what color he sees?
I think I’ll watch NASA’s broadcast of the Cassini/Huygens spacecraft’s final plunge into Saturn’s atmosphere on September 15th. Twenty years in space and thirteen of them spent exploring a fascinating planetary system. Shows what the United States and Europe can accomplish together when they don’t squander decades and trillions of dollars blowing up impoverished Asian and Muslim countries so the fuck-up-and-move-up brass can decorate themselves like Christmas trees. After that, I think I’ll take some time off from the Internet and wait until someone else reports on whatever Mr Burns and company have produced.
Thanks again for the link.
Yes, thanks for the link, RS. Burns thinks he can be an objective umpire calling balls and strikes, without taking a position on the game.
But that’s impossible in history. When you decide to be studiously neutral, that means you’re taking a side, especially as an American viewing U.S. intervention into Vietnam.
I also like the way he casually admits we’ll never get thorough, no-views-barred, journalistic coverage of wars as we had in Vietnam. In other words, all wars after Vietnam have been heavily edited and directed, so to speak, by the Pentagon, with all those “embedded” reporters acting as so many cheerleaders. Tall about a legacy of Vietnam!
A true journalist would call this reality out as the worst form of censorship, as it implies a glorification of war by government propaganda.
>> Unlike the other wars of this century, of course, there were deep divisions about the wisdom and rightness of the Vietnam war. Both sides spoke with honesty and fervor. And what more can we ask in our democracy? And yet after more than a decade of desperate boat people, after the killing fields of Cambodia, after all that has happened in that unhappy part of the world, who can doubt that the cause for which our men fought was just? It was, after all, however imperfectly pursued, the cause of freedom; and they showed uncommon courage in its service. Perhaps at this late date we can all agree that we’ve learned one lesson: that young Americans must never again be sent to fight and die unless we are prepared to let them win. Ronald Reagan Remarks at the Veterans Day Ceremony at the Vietnam Veterans Memorial November 11, 1988. <<<
Reagan carried on and amplified the myth that we fought in S.E. Asia for the "cause of freedom". No acknowledgement that the USA added an accelerant to the fires. By the time the United States ended its Southeast Asian bombing campaigns, the total tonnage of ordnance dropped approximately tripled the totals for World War II. The Indochinese bombings amounted to 7,662,000 tons of explosives, compared to 2,150,000 tons in the world conflict. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_bombs_in_the_Vietnam_War
Plus, we used Agent Orange.
Whoever fights monsters should see to it that in the process he does not become a monster. And if you gaze long enough into an abyss, the abyss will gaze back into you. Friedrich Nietzsche
Monsters are real, and ghosts are real too. They live inside us, and sometimes, they win. Stephen King
Clif Brown says:
I wasn’t in the service (drew 232 in the draft lottery) but I have read many books and heard personal accounts by/of those who were in wars. It’s very common to run across, “he never spoke of it”. Even family members will tell of being unable to get a vet to tell what happened. From this alone, those who have not served should understand that war, even if one had been an eager volunteer, is not a place most want to return to later. This is why I feel sick to my stomach when viewing a smiling and honored Henry Kissinger who represents so well those who glory in moving the pieces, making the “courageous decisions” over the chessboard of power.
Today, an hour ago while riding my bicycle, I was surprised to come upon a war memorial in town, that, though I have lived here most of my life, I did not know existed. Put up in 1929 by the DAR, it is a cylinder upon which march ranks of four men one after the other, each rank from a different war – the Revolution, Civil War, Spanish-American, and “World War” (not WW1 because in 1929 there had yet to be a second). All of those represented are mute, because long gone. With the Vietnam War we have plenty, of all nationalities, still alive to speak up and tell their stories independent of official mythology. The disturbing thing about the Ken Burns production is my sense that people believe this will be the definitive story, when such a thing is impossible.
Though I don’t have a TV to view it, I look forward to the critique of the production and the comments that will appear here.
Memory comes back to us in different forms, at different times. When memory comes for me, I try to deal with it by rearranging words into particular forms and sounds. Then, at least, I can convince myself that I’ve put memory to some creative use instead of letting memory create a cripple out of me. Something like:
The Good Ship Memory Hole
One dark and stormy night this tepid tale
Began, and waking from a dream, it ended.
Unmoored, the uncrewed Fantasy set sail
On twilight seas where day and nighttime blended.
The empty sky complained to no avail
About the disbelief it had suspended.
The tide went out and with it went the boat
Adrift and rudderless, no one commanding.
The fog rolled in and swallowed in its throat
The strangled cry of something dim demanding
To know the reason why the fishes gloat
To see a thing beneath their understanding.
The wind, that vagrant quantity, died down,
And then arose to drive the ship before it.
No Ahab paced the deck to rage and frown.
No fickle fate consented to abhor it:
That nightmare stream in which the dreamers drown;
The mind awaiting waking to restore it.
The whales and dolphins swam along beside.
The albatrosses soared, the gulls they glided.
The barnacles hung on to bum a ride.
The turtles temporized, their time they bided,
Until the seals would cease them to deride;
Till someone, somewhere, sane, this scene decided.
The ocean rudely rolled, the eyes they crossed,
As stomachs down below grew sour and trembled.
The passengers turned pale; their lunch they lost;
And wondered why they ever had assembled
To voyage to the void at such a cost —
And who the ticket-selling fraud resembled.
No Ishmael survived the trip who knows
Why thought reflected off the waves and scattered,
Absorbed into the swirling ebbs and flows
That left the crazy craft careened and battered
Upon Amnesia reef where nothing grows
Except forgetfulness of things that mattered.
My aunt was a faculty member at Kent State Univ when the horrible tragedy happened ( she is retired now ). To this day, she has not said a single word about it or her reaction to it ( she is totally apolitical ). The expression on her face if one brings up the subject is indescribable.
When all is said and done, WAR brings a kind of SADNESS to those affected by it ( directly and indirectly ) which is heartbreaking.
Written [eleven] years ago in 2006, but just as relevant today: the unfolding saga of America reducing itself to passive intellectual incarceration, mesmerized by the moving colored images emanating from a glowing television screen; like the island aborigine Boobies cut off from the world’s cultural mainland; like prisoners kept underground who can only see shadows dancing on the walls of their cave and not the marionettes and puppeteers on the elevated stage behind them who produce and cast the shadows that they mistake for reality. In the accelerating economic insecurity enveloping so many Americans today, we can see the usual and historic:
Boobie Top-Down Class Warfare
(from Fernando Po, U.S.A., America’s post-literate retreat to Plato’s Cave)
It happened back in Vietnam
Some [four] score years ago
When those within the upper class
Declined to serve, and so
They coined Selective Service to
Select who wouldn’t go
They called themselves the brightest and
They called themselves the best
And then they sent their countrymen
Into a hornet’s nest
But not themselves, of course, because
They’d passed the privilege test
These parents of a George and Dick
Thought Communism bad
But worried that some other lands
Would find it not as sad
As slaving for the rich ones whose
Rank greed had made them mad
So sympathizing with the rich
No matter what they did
The parents of a George and Dick
Sent someone else’s kid
To fight the dreaded communists
No matter where they hid
But not their George and Dick, of course,
They couldn’t spare the time
And Vietnam seemed far away
Immersed in war and grime
An atmosphere too turbulent
For orchids in their prime
These studly hot-house orchid types
Worked hard to dodge the light
Their parents helped them jump the line
To keep them out of sight
Arranging for deferments that
Would keep them from the fight
And so the years of war went by
And communism won
Which had exactly no effect
On those who had the fun
Of skipping out and turning tail
To take off on the run
Soon Vietnam recovered from
The blasting it had got
And communists turned businessmen
To hatch a common plot
With those who liked cheap labor
And cared less why some had fought
Still some remained embittered by
The waste made of their lives
And swore they’d never live again
Like worker bees in hives
Content to feed the rich who dined
With sharpened forks and knives
But Boobie schools taught only fraud
And fiction to the young
With fantasy and fables coined
To see the truth unstrung
Till history became a fog
That never bit or stung
On schedule, Boobie Dick and George
Found Politician Town
And learned that pandering for votes
Could win some safe renown
Affirmatively actioned up
They never could fall down
The millions seemed to flow their way
And stuck to them like paste
They spent what others raised for them
With no thought for the waste
Since someone else’s money had
The sweetest sort of taste
They made a deal between themselves
To do a pantomime
With Dick to do the thinking while
George mouthed a lisping rhyme
And so with the Supine Court’s help
They grabbed for our last dime
The Boobie George then tripped and crashed
Into this truth sublime:
That Boobies hated freedom and
Considered it a crime
Dick told him then what he should do:
Just work them overtime!
With not a moment left to think
The Boobies wouldn’t know
Where all their beads and shells had gone
Or why they couldn’t show
A single thing as evidence
That they had labored so
Once George and Dick gained access to
The treasury’s largesse
It hardly seems surprising that
It soon contained much less
A fact which few observers seemed
To think of with distress
But “stupid is as stupid does,”
The stupid do and say
Confronted by a wealthy thief
They genuflect, then pay;
With eyes and minds shut fast like that
They make such tempting prey
Pingback: The Vietnam War: A Tragic Mistake? – Antiwar.com Blog
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The Truth Needs Its Own Channel
The Democratic Debate, Part 7
Trump’s Wall and Its Meaning
The Welfare Myth: Confessions of a Former Caseworker
America is a force for good …
Trump Wishes Peace to Iran while Accusing Democrats of Enabling Attacks on U.S. Troops
Anti-war Pragmatists and Pro-war Fantasists
Ready for War with Iran?
Americans want free stuff!
Wars, Secrecy, and Lies
Afghanistan Afghan War American culture American Empire American exceptionalism American society Barack Obama Bernie Sanders bombing citizen-soldier Cold War Congress David Petraeus defense budget defense spending democracy Democratic Party Democrats department of defense Donald Trump drones Dwight Eisenhower education F-35 fear foreign policy forever war George W. Bush global warming guns Hillary Clinton Ike Iran Iraq Iraq War ISIS James Madison Joe Biden Liberty militarism Military-Industrial Complex military service national security National Security State NFL Nick Turse Nuclear Weapons Obama Orwell patriotism peace Pentagon Petraeus presidential election 2016 Republican Party Republicans Russia sports Syria Taliban terrorism torture Trump Trump Administration Tulsi Gabbard Vietnam Vietnam War violence War War on Terror warrior weapons weapons sales World War I World War II
“Unquestionably Syme Will Be Vaporized”: Lessons from Orwell’s 1984
Bread and Circuses in Rome and America
Nine Rows of Ribbons!
Joe Biden: Clueless and Incoherent
The Smearing of Tulsi Gabbard
Trump's Wall and Its Meaning
Monotonous Languor on The Truth Needs Its Own C…
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Wedding & Gift Service
New Designer: MI-WON MCGHEE
Mi-Won McGhee is a South Korean-born British ceramicist, currently living and running a ceramics studio in Glasgow, Scotland. Each handcrafted piece takes up to 3 weeks to create.
"I’m a control freak so I buy powdered porcelain to mix it myself, then I make the form, fire it, draw on it and glaze it to finish. If I have that control, then I know exactly what the final outcome will be.
I make plaster models of the vases before I make the moulds. I like making big pieces, I only work with porcelain which is quite a tricky material to work with but it provides a very good and versatile ‘canvas’ for my drawings.
Galleries or people who buy my work like that that’s the way I work and every piece has been made entirely by me.
I sell in several galleries in the world, and occasionally people will contact me to commission a vase to ship to them if they have seen my work in a gallery. I also make the wooden boxes to transport my vases. I was asked to make a vase for Apple’s chief design officer, Jonathan Ive’s 50th birthday a couple of years ago through my work being seen in a London gallery."
CONTACT TO PURCHASE
Above is the vase gifted to Sir Jonathan Ives which is available at Bradford, in addition to the styles below.
Quote by Mi-Won McGhee is from an interview by Elaine Livingstone which featured in Glasgow Live.
Back to Bradford News
© 2020 Bradford Studio.
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Breaking MuscleUK
Biomechanics and Newton’s Laws: Force-Time Curves and Human Movement
Jason Lake
Contributor - Biomechanics
In my last article we covered a few of the relatively simple, but fundamental definitions that underpin sport and exercise biomechanics, relating them to the kettlebell swing. Now, although very exciting, we didn’t really go into much detail, and detail can be important, especially when we’re talking about how we apply the forces that cause movement.
This article will focus on an important type of movement pattern: force-time curves, which illustrate how we apply force over time. We’ll combine this with an explanation of Newton’s laws of motion and how they relate to the study of sport and exercise using countermovement vertical jump performance (in which the subject bends at the hips and knees before jumping). Understanding this creates a foundation for future review.
Recap: What is Force?
Recall that “...force is a pushing or pulling action that one object exerts on another.” So, if we want to move something, whether it’s barbell, kettlebell, or our own body, we have to push it or pull it - apply a force. In the case of our jumper, force is applied to his center of mass, the point around which the masses of his segments (e.g. arms and legs) are distributed to help maintain balance.
Newton’s three laws of linear motion provide a framework of how we control movement with force, and the effect this can have on performance. Applying force to cause motion will only work if it is sufficient to overcome the inertia of the object – Newton’s first law: the law of inertia.
Inertia: It Won’t Move Itself!
Inertia is one of those words that is generally misused. In relation to Newton’s first law, inertia is the reluctance of an object to change its state, where state simply refers to whether it’s moving or not. It’s this state that is controlled by the application of force. So, an object will remain stationary until it is pushed or pulled - force is applied. Or, once moving it will keep moving; until pushed or pulled, that is, by, you guessed it, applying a force.
But how do we control this state? The giveaway is the standard unit that inertia is reported in: the kilogram, the unit also used to report mass (well, in most of the world anyway). This introduces perhaps the most basic type of force: weight, which is the product of mass and the acceleration of gravity. Therefore, to overcome inertia (move something) of an object we have to apply a force that exceeds its weight.
Force-Time Curves: A Basic Human Movement Pattern
From a practical perspective this is where it can get quite exciting. Human movement tends to be underpinned by the application of force to the ground through the feet (or hands, see Becca’s article on push up force). Force platforms enable us to record these forces, and using Newton’s laws, we can manipulate them to obtain a better understanding of the mechanical demands of different types of movement (see previous article for example).
To get back on track though, Figure 1 shows the typical vertical force-time curve from vertical jump performance.
Figure 1. Typical vertical force-time curve from countermovement vertical jump performance, vertical force applied to the center of mass of our jumper.
One of the first things we tend to do to make sense of a force-time curve is determine the subject’s weight from the period of ‘quiet standing’ that can be seen in Figure 2. In this case body weight is 787 newtons; dividing this by the acceleration of gravity (9.81) yields a body mass of just over 80 kg. We can then start thinking about applying Newton’s second law to get more information about how much force has been applied, and how much movement this will cause.
Figure 2. Annotated vertical force-time curve.
The ‘y’ axis to point ‘a’ shows ‘quiet standing’, which is equal to the subjects’ body weight
Point ‘a’ to ‘b’ shows ‘unweighting’ - the subject dips their knees, travelling in the same direction as the acceleration of gravity
Point ‘b’ to ‘c’ shows the increase to peak force, where the subject slows downward movement to the lowest point of the dip
Point ‘c’ to ‘d’ shows ‘active’ jumping (leg extension) force
Point ‘d’ shows ‘takeoff’; points ‘d’ to ‘e’ ‘flight’ or ‘air’ time
Force, Mass, and Acceleration
Recall from the last article that force is the product of mass and acceleration (F = ma), and we can use this to decipher Figures 1 and 2. If we know that F = ma, we can manipulate force data, like that presented in Figures 1 and 2, by dividing it by the mass of the subject, converting our force-time curve into an acceleration-time curve. However, we need to remember Newton’s first law where we have to overcome the weight of our jumper: 787 newtons. We can simply subtract body weight from Figure 1 before dividing it by mass, which would render ‘quiet standing’ force zero. Force would have to exceed zero to influence motion or accelerate the mass of our jumper. An example of our acceleration-time curve can be seen in Figure 3.
Figure 3. Annotated vertical acceleration-time curve - the acceleration of the center of mass our jumper during his jump.
This is great, but doesn’t tell us an awful lot. However, a little jiggery-pokery, in the form of some numerical integration, enables calculation of velocity - how fast our jumper moves. Figure 4 shows velocity-time, and what are often referred to as peaks and troughs, which provide an indication of movement direction: troughs below zero indicate downward motion, peaks above zero upward motion.
We could take this a stage further and numerically integrate this velocity-time data to obtain displacement, or motion, but key measures like jump height can be quite easily obtained using equations of uniform motion. To do this we need to determine the velocity of our jumper at takeoff, square it, then divide it by 2g (9.81 * 2), which in this case equals the following:
5.34 (2.31 [takeoff velocity2]) ÷19.62 (2g) = 27 (cm) (fairly mediocre)
Figure 4. Annotated vertical velocity-time curve - how quickly the center of mass of our jumper is moving during his jump.
We calculate mechanical power now by multiplying our force-time data by our shiny new velocity-time data, but let’s leave this to another article, where we can do the topic justice. Before we finish however, we should consider the practical relevance of Newton’s third law.
Action: Reaction
This is perhaps Newton’s most famous law, and it states that for every action there is an equal and opposite reaction. Perhaps without realizing it, this law has been at work throughout our analysis in as much as if our jumper had pushed against the ground and not met an equal an opposite reaction, jump performance would have been quite tricky.
You see it’s this reaction - in combination with Newton’s second law (and friction) - that enables us to control how we move, and it seems so much easier to understand once we understand laws 1 and 2.
Figure 5. Forces during vertical jump landing.
The one downside to this is that it also yields a mechanical consequence. For while the reaction enables us to move, it can also act as that all-important stopping force, bringing motion to a crashing halt. This is illustrated in Figure 5, which focuses on the change in vertical force as our jumper lands. Indeed, up to this point, our analysis has focused on the first aim of biomechanics:to improve performance, while the forces shown in Figure 5 enable us to consider the second aim of biomechanics: to minimize injury.
Identification of problem areas, like jump landing, enables us to implement technique changes to landing strategies with the aim of reducing landing force, and thus minimize injury. Our jumper came to a halt with the help of a force equal to nearly 7.5 times his body weight. As a final thought, Figure 5 can also tell us how quickly landing force was applied to the body. In this case it was 56 milliseconds (0.056 seconds). Dividing landing force by landing time yields something called loading rate, which in this case was just under 132 bodyweights per second - potentially problematic.
To conclude then, we can use Newton’s law of motion to manipulate force-time data to get an idea of the different phases of performance, like the vertical jump, its demands and consequences. We’re going to use this foundation in future articles, the next of which will cover power.
Once again, if anyone has any questions please email me: j.lake@chi.ac.ukor post your question to the comments below (I’m sure you’re not alone in your questions).
See more about: biomechanics, newton's laws
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Posts Tagged ‘Trumbo’
Posted in brooklyn, Movies, Weekend at the Movies, tagged Finding Amanda, Flying Spaghetti Monster, Gunnin' For That #1 Spot, Mogwai!, Trumbo, Wall-E, Wanted on June 27, 2008| Leave a Comment »
The Plot: The story of a robot that looks like Johnny Five and talks like a mogwai.
Is it worth eleven dollars?: Yes. Very much so. Although I think it will be hard for anything to compare to the wonder that was Ratatouille, this sounds like it’s going to be great. It’s already got a 97% rating on Rotten Tomatoes, which is the highest of anything so far this year. If you want to see a movie this weekend, make this a priority.
Where is it playing in Brooklyn/New York?: Cobble Hill Cinemas, United Artists on Court Street, Park Slope Pavilion.
The release of Wall-E is getting me wet. Oh no!
The Plot: I don’t really know. But there’s guns and explosions and an emaciated Angelina Jolie.
Is it worth eleven dollars?: Hm…to be honest, it looks pretty fun. The negative reviews thus far (ahem, Austin Chronicle), while trying to criticize, seem to be highlighting the more appealing points of summer movies. That it’s ridiculous, unbelievable, filled with special effects, and is aimed at thirteen year old boys (read: twenty-five year old men who still act like thirteen year old boys). Maybe it’s my fondness for Angelina Jolie, or people with spaghetti string arms, bit I’m going to say that this looks like a fun evening at the cinema.
Angelina Jolie.
The Plot: A documentary about blacklisted screenwriter Dalton Trumbo.
Is it worth eleven dollars?: Yes. Dalton Trumbo gave us the scripts for films like Spartacus and Roman Holiday, but was a member of the anti-fascist Popular Front in the 1930’s. The documentary is directed by Peter Askin (Company Man) and features interviews with Joan Allen, Paul Giamatti, Kirk and Michael Douglas and Donald Sutherland.
Where is it playing in Brooklyn/New York?: Landmark Sunshine.
Gunnin’ For That #1 Spot
The Plot: A basketball documentary by Beastie Boy Adam Yaunch.
Is it worth eleven dollars?: Probably not. Reviews thus far are pretty mixed, and the Beastie’s previous documentary – Awesome I Fuckin’ Shot That – was more of a rental.
Where is it playing in Brooklyn/New York?: AMC Loew’s Village VII.
Finding Amanda
The Plot: Mattew Broderick plays a compulsive gambler who is sent to Vegas to convince his stripper neice to go to rehab.
Is it worth eleven dollars?: Probably worth renting. Writer/director Peter Tolan has written a lot of crap (Bedazzled, America’s Sweethearts, Just Like Heaven, Stealing Harvard, Guess Who – wow that’s a long list) but he also is a writer and co-creator for the awesome show Rescue Me. This looks a lot darker than the other crap he’s made, and Matthew Broderick is great in darker material.
Otherwise, Clue is the midnight movie tonight at the Landmark Sunshine and the IFC Center is playing Mad Max.
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Dubai and further Emirates Holidays
Holidays to Dubai and further Emirates
Dubai and its further Emirates
With lovely beaches of powdery white sand and an azure sea which is crystal clear and warm, a holiday to Dubai and its Emirates is the perfect place to relax and soak in the Arabian sun which shines out of a clear blue sky day after day. Made up of seven different emirates, the United Arab Emirates are increasingly popular with British holiday makers who travel here year after year to experience the stunning weather, unique culture and incredible scenery this charming land has to offer. At Mercury Holidays we have extensively explored the UAE and are proud to bring you holidays to 5 of our favourite locations; Dubai itself separated into Dubai City & Jumeirah Beach plus the further Emirates of, Fujairah, Ajman and Ras Al Khaimah.
Dubai, The perfect mix of City and Beach
Dubai is by far the best known and most famous of the emirates, famed for its stunning architecture and ultra-modern skyline. The origins of Dubai are lost in the mists of time with early evidence of settlement dating back to the Stone Age. Dubai in its modern incarnation originally started as a small pearl fishing village; however this city has grown from humble beginnings to a world famous metropolis renowned for its prosperity and stunning architecture. With a choice of either Dubai city, famed for its buildings and shopping opportunities don't miss the famous Gold souk; or Dubai Beach (Jumeirah Beach) the perfect choice for sun seekers and home to the world famous Burj al Arab hotel, and the artificial structures of The Palm and The World.
Transport: Taxis are the most popular way to travel around and are metered, with a minimum fare of 10Dhs. Public buses are available. The Dubai Metro can be accessed on various days & times. Alternatively a small Abra ferry will take you from one side of the Creek to the other.
Explore the other Emirates
Beyond Dubai, the UAE is a fascinating mix of culture and scenery. Choose from Fujairah on the western coast, with its mountainous scenery and stunning beaches; Ajman, the smallest Emirate by area or Ras al Khaimuh to the north with its sandy shores and stunning natural landscape. Whilst each Emirate offers a truly unique holiday experience, they all share one common theme; each promises a remarkable holiday.
Important Information about your Dubai holiday
Dubai Tourism Tax - The Emirate of Dubai has introduced a compulsory Tourist Dirham tax levied on all booked hotel accommodation in Dubai, the new tax is to be paid by Guests at the hotel before the end of their stay. The fees are as follows: AED 20.00 per room per night for stays in 5 star hotels and deluxe apartments AED 15.00 per room per night for stays in 4 star hotels, superior apartments and deluxe holiday homes AED 10.00 per room per night for stays in 3 and 2 star hotels, standard hotel apartments and standard holiday homes AED 7.00 per room per night for stays in 1 star hotels and guest houses.
Ras al Khaimah Tourism Tax - Like Dubai, the Emirate of Ras al Khaimah has also introduced a compulsory Tourist Dirham tax levied on all booked hotel accommodation in the emirate, the new tax is to be paid by Guests to their hotel before the end of their stay. The fees are as follows: AED 20.00 per room per night for stays in 5 star hotels AED 15.00 per room per night for stays in 4 star hotels and AED 10.00 per room per night for stays in 3 star hotels.
Resorts in Dubai and further Emirates
Dubai City
Located in the heart of Dubai City is Dubai Creek. The creek splits Dubai into two main regions, Bur Dubai and Deira. Deira on the eastern bank of Dubai Creek is home to many of the sites of which Dubai...
View Holidays to Dubai City, Dubai and further Emirates
Just 90 minutes from bustling Dubai, Fujairah is one the Emirates best kept secrets, home to the oldest Mosque in the UAE. With stunning views of the Indian Ocean, this is the perfect all year round destination.
View Holidays to Fujairah, Dubai and further Emirates
Just moments from Dubai city-centre is the glamorous resort of Jumeirah Beach with its glorious stretch of white sand lapped by the tranquil waters of the Arabian Gulf. Easily one of Dubai's most prestigious...
View Holidays to Jumeirah Beach, Dubai and further Emirates
Located in the northern part of the UAE, Ras al Khaimah offers the visitor miles of sandy beaches, a rich heritage and first class facilities. Located just 90 minutes from Dubai, unlike its sister Emirate,...
View Holidays to Ras Al Khaimah, Dubai and further Emirates
Why holiday in Dubai and further Emirates?
Things to do on holiday in Dubai and further Emirates
Top 10 things to do in Ras Al Khaimah
What to wear in Dubai
Dubai is one of the most sought out holiday destinations not just on the Middle Eastern Gulf but in the world. When it comes to escaping to a faraway land of sun, sea and sand, Dubai is...
Top 10 must sees in Dubai
Welcome to Dubai, the home of the ‘Burj Khalifa’, the world’s tallest tower at a soaring 830 metres, and the ‘Burj Al Arab’, rumoured as the world’s only 7...
The largest mall in the World
Going to a Shopping Mall might not seem like the most exciting holiday adventure, especially if your partner grimaces at the thought of an afternoon looking at designer clothes or your children...
Shop till you drop in Dubai
January is the month of sales and if shopping is your favourite sport then Dubai really is the place to go. Shopping is a way of life in the UAE and there is so much choice that we thought we...
How to haggle in Dubai
Dubai is known as a go-to destination for travellers who love a bit of luxury and adventure. It’s got hotels and shopping malls that are just begging you to spend lots of your money....
Read more about Things to do in Dubai and further Emirates
When to visit Dubai and further Emirates
Average Temperatures (°C) in Dubai and further Emirates
Read more about when to visit Dubai and further Emirates
Dubai and further Emirates Holiday Guide
Essential travel information for your holiday to Dubai and further Emirates
6? - 8 hours
Dubai and further Emirates Holiday Videos
Dubai holiday highlights
Uncover the highlights of Dubai in this video and
Watch more Dubai and further Emirates Holiday Videos
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Using an Energy Performance Based Design-Build Process to Procure a Large Scale Low-Energy Building
This paper reviews the novel procurement, acquisition, and contract process of a large-scale replicable net zero energy (ZEB) office building. The owners (who are also commercial building energy efficiency researchers) developed and implemented an energy performance based design-build process to procure an office building with contractual requirements to meet demand side energy and LEED goals. The key procurement steps needed to ensure achievement of the energy efficiency and ZEB goals using a replicable delivery process are outlined.
Reducing Plug and Process Loads for a Large Scale, Low Energy Office Building: NREL's Research Support Facility
This paper documents the methodology developed to identify and reduce plug and process loads (PPLs) as part of NREL's Research Support Facility's (RSF) low energy design process. PPLs, including elevators, kitchen equipment in breakrooms, and office equipment in NREL’s previously occupied office spaces were examined to determine a baseline. This, along with research into the most energy-efficient products and practices, enabled the formulation of a reduction strategy that should yield a 47% reduction in PPLs. The building owner and the design team played equally important roles in developing and implementing opportunities to reduce PPLs. Based on the work done in the RSF, a generalized multistep process has been developed for application to other buildings.
The Role of Modeling When Designing for Absolute Energy Use Intensity Requirements in a Design-Build Framework
The Research Support Facility at the National Renewable Energy Laboratory (NREL) is a 220,000-ft office building designed to serve 822 occupants, to use 35.1 kBtu/(ft2·yr), to use half the energy of an equivalent minimally code-compliant building, and eventually to produce as much renewable energy annually as it consumes. These goals and their substantiation through simulation were explicitly included in the fixed price design-build contract. The energy model had to be repeatedly updated to match design documents and the final building, as it was built, to the greatest degree practical. Computer modeling played a key role in diagnosing the energy impacts of program and decisions and in verifying that the contractual energy goals would be met within the specified budget. The primary tool used was a whole-building energy simulation program. Other simulation tools were used to provide more detail or to complement the primary tool as required by the delivery schedule, including tools to calculate thermal bridging, daylighting, natural ventilation, data center energy consumption, transpired solar collectors, thermal storage in the crawlspace, and electricity generation by photovoltaic panels. Results were either fed back into the main whole-building energy simulation tool or used to post-process model output to provide the most accurate annual simulations possible. This paper details the models used in the design process and how they informed important program and design decisions from design to completion.
Energy Use Intensity and its Influence on the Integrated Daylighting Design of a Large Net Zero Energy Building
Low energy or high-performance buildings form a vital component in the sustainable future of building design and construction. Rigorous integrated daylighting design and simulation will be critical to their success as energy efficiency becomes a requirement, because electric lighting usually represents a large fraction of the energy consumed. We present the process and tools used to design the lighting systems in the newest building at the National Renewable Energy Laboratory (NREL), the Research Support Facility (RSF). Daylighting had to be integrated with the electric lighting, as low energy use (50% below ASHRAE 90.1-2004) and the LEED daylight credit were contractually required, with a reach goal of being a net-zero energy building (NZEB). The oft-ignored disconnect between lighting simulation and whole-building energy use simulation had to be addressed, as ultimately all simulation efforts had to translate to energy use intensity predictions, design responses, and preconstruction substantiation of the design. We present preliminary data from the postoccupancy monitoring efforts with an eye toward the current efficacy of energy and lighting simulation methodologies.
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IRIS USA Creating 95 Jobs In Hazle Township, Pennsylvania
The injection-molded plastic products manufacturer and distributor will expand operations into Pennsylvania and establish a manufacturing facility in Hazle Township.
https://businessfacilities.com/2018/04/iris-usa-creating-95-jobs-hazle-township-pennsylvania/
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Home » Blog » Industry News » Manufacturing » IRIS USA Creating 95 Jobs In Pennsylvania
IRIS USA Creating 95 Jobs In Pennsylvania
IRIS USA will invest at least $83.6 million to expand its operations into Pennsylvania and establish a manufacturing and distribution facility in Hazle Township, Luzerne County, creating 95 new jobs over the next three years. In response to strong growth in customer demand, especially in the area of e-commerce, the injection-molded plastic products company is purchasing a 34-acre site where it will build a 500,000-square-foot facility.
After more than a year of anticipation, IRIS USA opened its nearly
450,000-square-foot western regional headquarters in Surprise
making the Arizona facility its new North American headquarters.
(Photo: IRIS USA)
“IRIS USA, Inc. is very excited to be partnering with CAN DO, Inc. and the Commonwealth of Pennsylvania as we embark on our company’s East Coast expansion plans,” said Doc Takahashi, president of IRIS. “Everyone in Luzerne County and on the Governor’s Action Team has gone out of their way to be incredibly welcoming and helpful, so it’s easy to see why so many distinguished companies have chosen to locate here. We can’t wait to be part of the Hazle Township community.”
IRIS received a funding proposal from the Pennsylvania Department of Community and Economic Development that includes a $237,500 Pennsylvania First grant, a $42,750 WEDnet grant for employee training, and $285,000 in Job Creation Tax Credits to be issued after the new jobs are created. The project was coordinated by the Governor’s Action Team in collaboration with Greater Hazelton CAN DO.
“Manufacturing has such a strong history in Pennsylvania, and with this expansion, IRIS is helping continue that tradition today,” said Governor Tom Wolf. “This facility will be IRIS’ first on the east coast United States, so the fact that they chose Pennsylvania above our competitor states speaks volumes about the strength of our commonwealth as a business destination for manufacturers. This is great news for Luzerne County workers and their families.”
“We are very pleased to welcome IRIS to our industrial park and happy that the company chose Greater Hazleton as the location for its newest manufacturing operations in the United States,” said Kevin O’Donnell, president and CEO of CAN DO. “Our great location to market and our dedicated workforce are paying dividends once again for our region. Today, companies in Humboldt Industrial Park are employing nearly 10,000 people.”
IRIS offers consumers an extensive line-up of organizational products for several uses including home, office, craft and hobby, and pets. IRIS creates consumer products for both household and commercial use in domestic and international markets, including Japan, China, Korea, and the Netherlands.
Relocating or Expanding Your Business In Pennsylvania
Considering Pennsylvania for your company’s relocation or expansion project? Check out Business Facilities’ Pennsylvania Incentives and Workforce Development Guide.
Keurig Dr Pepper Creating 378 Jobs In Pennsylvania The beverage company will invest $219.7 million in a new 1.5 million square-foot manufacturing facility in the Lehigh Valley.
Spartan Motors Receives Grant For Job Creation In Pennsylvania The company's East Coast truck body manufacturing facility expansion will bring nearly 200 jobs to Ephrata, PA over the next three years.
PAC Creating Over 160 Manufacturing Jobs In Pennsylvania The manufacturer of flexible packaging will invest more than $28 million to expand into the greater Bethlehem area.
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Manufacturing January 16, 2020
The armor steel supplier will establish new operations and create 100 jobs in York County, SC.
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Bell Outdoor Decorator Switch Cover January 17, 2020
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Nigerian Consumer Wallets under Pressure—Report
By Dipo Olowookere on December 13, 2018
Nigeria’s latest Consumer Confidence Index (CCI) for the third quarter of 2018 has shown a four point decline to 118, while Ghana’s CCI for the same quarter has risen five points to 113, all in all a fairly stable picture for West Africa, a new report by Nielsen Africa has revealed.
In terms of Nigeria’s performance, Nielsen Sub Saharan Africa MD Bryan Sun noted that, “The combined effects of the slowdown in economic growth, the strain of continued high inflation, and the current political climate with the upcoming elections, have led to a drop in consumer confidence in Nigeria.
“Consumer wallets are currently very stretched, with consumers struggling to make ends meet. The sentiment around minimum wages being too low, has also taken its toll on confidence levels and is being reflected in consumers’ spending habits.”
Nigerian consumers who say now is a good or excellent time to purchase what they need or want has declined to 43% (down from 48% in Q2’18). This declining sentiment is also reflected in their views around job prospects, which has dropped five points, compared to the last quarter, to 56% who view them as excellent or good and 37% who view job prospects as not so good or bad.
ALSO READ OPEC May Ask Nigeria to Limit Oil Output
Looking at whether Nigerians have spare cash, a majority of 55% said yes, up one point from the previous quarter. In terms of what their spending priorities are once they meet their essential living expenses, the highest number 76% would put their spare cash into savings, followed by 71% on home improvements and 64% investing in stocks and mutual funds.
Growing positivity in Ghana
While Nigeria showed a slight slump in confidence; Ghana’s CCI figure has risen to 113, up from 108. Commenting on the reasons for this Sun says; “A slight respite in inflation and better performance by the industrial and export sector, plus the government’s focus on job creation has led to a slight boost in consumer confidence in Ghana. Given the upturn, consumers have become slightly more open with their wallets and are more willing to spend.
ALSO READ FEC Okays Trade Deals Between Nigeria, Singapore
Where the upturn in sentiment is clearly reflected, is within Ghanaian consumers’ immediate-spending intentions, which has increased from 34% in the previous quarter, to 48% who say now is a good or excellent time to purchase what they need or want” reports Sun.
This positive sentiment is also reflected in Ghanaians’ job prospects, which has increased 10 points to 64% who view them as excellent or good and a 10 point decrease to 29% who think their job prospects are not so good or bad. The sentiment around the state of personal finances has taken a slight hit. Ghanaians who think the state of their personal finances would be excellent or good over the next year dropped three points to 76% whereas 18% think that the state of their personal finances is not so good or bad.
ALSO READ NNPC Warns Against Panic Buying of Petrol
A savings mindset
Looking at whether Ghanaians have spare cash to spend, there is an almost even split of 53% between those respondents who said yes versus 47% who said no. Looking at what their spending priorities are once they do have spare cash, the highest number 75% would put it into savings, 74% would invest in stocks and mutual funds and 68% would spend on home improvements. Elaborating on these results, Sun says: “Both Nigeria and Ghana, despite the fluctuation this quarter, fall on the positive side of the consumer confidence spectrum, as reflected by a CCI score of above 100. There’s potential for growth in both countries and with the right investment and focus, they still prove to be promising prospects for the continent.”
Nigerian consumer wallets
By Adedapo Adesanya Founder and Chairman.
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By Adedapo Adesanya Despite an escalation.
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By Adedapo Adesanya Choice drives consumption..
Nigeria’s Capital Market Contributes Less Than 10% to GDP—SEC DG
By Adedapo Adesanya Acting Director-General of.
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How to choose and buy a Hornby Train Set and then develop it
Choosing and buying a Hornby train set and then developing it into a complete model railway
Author Archives: Peter Tysoe
Hornby 2020 range announced!
Hornby have released details of what will be in their new 2020 range, including a new train set, “The Wanderer”, which has a small 0-4-0 tank loco and three wagons (an open wagon, a low loader with a large crate load, and a closed van),
This entry was posted in News and tagged Hornby on 7th January 2020 by Peter Tysoe.
Hornby Advent Calendar 2018
Hornby have started their annual advent calendar on their website!
Go to https://www.hornby.com/uk-en/advent-calendar
Each day from today (1st December) until Christmas Day there will be a new offer (today’s is a prize draw to win a Thomas & Friends™ Bundle).
Don’t worry if you miss a day, because each one will be open for up to a week after the actual date.
Also, if you are into diecast models as well as model trains, they are running a similar advent calendar on the Corgi website (Corgi is part of the Hornby family) at:
https://www.corgi.co.uk/advent-calendar
Today’s offer is a chance to win a model of a 1944 B-24 Liberator 4-engined bomber!
This entry was posted in Uncategorized and tagged B-24 Liberator, Christmas Day, Hornby on 1st December 2018 by Peter Tysoe.
Hornby ‘Country Flyer’ train set review
Hornby “Country Flyer” Train Set
[Hornby Item Code R1188]
Hornby have just announced the new ‘Country Flyer’ train set – just in time to get one for Christmas! This set includes an 0-4-0 steam tank locomotive, an open wagon, a 4-wheel passenger coach, an oval of track, and a Hornby R8250 standard analogue (DC) controller.
Hornby’s own description of this train set says “The halcyon days of British Railways were epitomised by numerous small branch lines and light railways that criss-crossed the countryside. The Country Flyer set embraces those small local trains…”
The blue ‘E&GR’ livery of the loco is supposed to represent the “Edinburgh & Glasgow Railway”. The E&GR started running in 1842 between its Glasgow station (now Glasgow Queen Street) and Haymarket in Edinburgh, and it existed until 1865 when it was absorbed by the North British Railway, which in turn became part of the LNER in 1923. The main line of the E&GR still exists and is still in use; it has been upgraded over the years, including electrification, and still carries regular trains between the two cities.
The 0-4-0 tank is modelled on the GWR Class 101 side tank loco. This loco crops up in the Hornby range in various guises: it is currently available in the fictitious ‘Rothery Industries’ livery, and it has been available in various liveries in the past, including Hornby Collector’s Club limited editions.
(In real life there was only ever one Class 101 loco built and it spent its entire working life at GWR’s Swindon works; and it wasn’t built until 1901, long after the E&GR ceased to exist as such. So it would never have been seen in Scotland or painted in E&GR livery; but ‘Rule 1’* applies!)
*Rule 1: It’s my world and my railway and I’ll run what I like!
The short 4-wheel coach also crops up in other versions: it’s currently available in the ‘Caledonian Belle’ train set in Caledonian Railway blue livery. The wagon is an open wooden-sided ‘private owner’ wagon in green ‘Uplands Timber Co. Ltd’ livery.
The E&GR livery (and the antiquated coach!) place this set in Victorian times, in the period 1842 – 1865, so this train set would theoretically be suitable for a layout set in ‘Era 1’ (‘Pioneering’, 1804 – 1875), located somewhere in the ‘central belt’ of Scotland, between Edinburgh and Glasgow.
The colourful liveries of the loco, wagon and coach might make this an attractive starter set for a youngster, but the shortage of other Victorian era models would make it difficult for a beginner to develop a full layout set in those times.
The Hornby Country Flyer train set is (at the time of writing) available direct from Hornby for £74.99.
This entry was posted in Choosing a Train Set, Reviews and tagged 00, Buying a train set, Choosing a train set, country flyer, Hornby, review, Train Set on 22nd October 2016 by Peter Tysoe.
Choosing and buying a Hornby train set – Part 2: DCC sets
In this post I’ll be considering Hornby’s DCC (Digital Command Control) sets – see Part 1 for details of their DC (analogue) train sets, and also some general advice on choosing a train set.
I’ll cover a detailed analysis of the pros and cons of DC versus DCC in a later post, but in brief:
DCC works by supplying a constant 15V AC voltage to all of the track, with digital commands superimposed on that. Each locomotive has an individual ‘address’ and only responds to commands sent to that address.
DCC gives you greater flexibility – you can ‘park’ locos anywhere on your layout, and control more than one at the same time;
DCC lets you control other functions as well – the main ones being lighting and sound: steam whistles, diesel horns, brake squeals, etc.
DCC wiring is (in some ways) simpler: no need for switches to isolate sections of track.
On the downside, DCC controllers and locos are more expensive, because you’re paying for the cost of the DCC chips.
So let’s have a look at the Hornby DCC train sets currently available (roughly in order of ascending price):
Hornby “Western Master” Digital Train Set
This set includes a GWR Class 2721 0-6-0 tanl locomotive, three wagons (a ‘Lowmac’ low loader wagon, with a load, an open wagon and a brake van), an oval of track, Track Extension Pack A (which includes a point, some extra track and a buffer stop, so that you can add a siding), plus the ‘ELink’ control unit and ‘Railmaster’ software, which lets you control the layout from a connected Windows PC or laptop.
The GWR livery of the loco set this in ‘Era 3’, the ‘Grouping’ period, so this set would be suitable for a layout set in the period 1923 – 1947, anywhere in GWR territory.
The “Western Master” train set is (at the time of writing) available direct from Hornby for £174.99.
Hornby “Somerset Belle” Digital Train Set
This set includes an 0-6-0 tank locomotive, three wagons (an open wagon, a tank wagon and a brake van), an oval of track, Track Extension Pack A (which includes a point, some extra track and a buffer stop, so that you can add a siding), and the Hornby ‘Select’ DCC controller.
The loco is the 0-6-0 3F ‘Jinty’ tank, in the attractive blue ‘S&DJR’ livery.
S&DJR was the ‘Somerset & Dorset Joint Railway’ which existed from 1875 to 1930 (when its coaching stock was was transferred to the LMS and SR), although the lines continued to be operated by LMS and SR, and then BR, until 1966).
The ‘Jinty’ tank (S&JDR No.24) was one of a batch built by W G Bagnall Ltd to a standard LMS design, and delivered in 1928/29, so this set would be suitable for a layout set in about 1929, located somewhere in Somerset or Dorset.
(The S&DJR is popular with modellers because, although it was mostly single track and so had some of the characteristics of a branch line, it also carried main line trains.)
The Somerset Belle train set is (at the time of writing) available direct from Hornby for £199.99,
Hornby Mixed Freight DCC Train Set
This set includes two goods locomotives: an 0-6-0 steam tank loco, and an 0-6-0 diesel shunter, plus a mixed freight train of four wagons: a red tank wagon, a ‘private owner’ wooden-sided open wagon in the livery of “Breedon & Cloud Hill Lime Works”, a metal-sided ‘iron ore tippler’ open wagon and a closed ventilated van in BR bauxite livery. It also includes an oval of track, with a siding, and the Hornby ‘Select’ DCC controller.
The steam loco is a BR (ex-LNER) Class J83 (No. 68478) in BR Black livery with the early BR crest, and the diesel is a Class 8 shunter (No. D4174) in BR green livery with ‘wasp’ (black and yellow) stripes on the ends and the later BR crest. D4174 was introduced into service in 1962, so that would place this set in ‘Era 5‘ in the period 1962 – 1966, and probably somewhere in north-east England.
The ‘Hornby ‘Mixed Freight‘ train set is available direct from Hornby for £249.99. (This might seem steep, but you are getting two DCC locos, and the Select controller which is capable of controlling up to 60 locos (up to 10 at any one time), and can also operate up to 40 accessories such as points, so it is a good foundation for a start in DCC.
Hornby “The Majestic” DCC Train Set
[Hornby Item No. R1172]
This train set is the top of the range, the biggest and best of Hornby’s train sets. It includes two complete trains, and a twin oval of track plus sidings and a buffer stop. The first train consists of the ‘Pacific’ type (4-6-2) ‘Peppercorn’ Class A1 passenger express steam locomotive “Bon Accord” in the BR ‘Express Blue’ livery used on express locos from 1949 to 1952; plus three BR (ex-LNER) Gresley ‘teak’ coaches (two composite coaches and a brake coach). The second train set consists of a Class 47 Co-Co diesel, in BR livery and four assorted wagons (an Esso tank wagon, an open wagon, an SWB (Short Wheel Base) wagon, and an LWB (Long Wheel Base) closed van. This set also includes the ‘ELink’ control unit and ‘Railmaster’ software, which lets you control the layout from a connected Windows PC or laptop.
“Bon Accord” (BR No. 60154) was built in 1949 at Doncaster, to the design of Arthur Peppercorn, the last Chief Mechanical Engineer of LNER (The London & North Eastern Railway). The ‘Express Blue’ livery places this in ‘Era 4’ (early BR), but the diesel’s livery places it in Era 8 (BR Sectorisation, 1982 – 1994). Of course, you could set your layout in the 1980s or early 1990s and run the other train as a ‘preserved steam’ special! (Although sadly, in real life Bon Accord did not survive into preservation, she was withdrawn from service in 1965.)
The “Majestic” train set is (at the time of writing) not currently available direct from Hornby.
These are all of the current Hornby DCC train sets, although you may find other older ones still on sale in some retailers, or of course some may be available second-hand on the internet.
I hope you found this useful! Don’t forget, if you’re interested in DC (analogue) train sets rather than DCC, have a look at Part 1 instead; and as always, please feel free to add a comment below!
This entry was posted in Choosing a Train Set, Information, Reviews and tagged Buying a train set, Choosing a train set, DCC, digital, Hornby, Train Set on 16th October 2016 by Peter Tysoe.
CHOOSING AND BUYING A HORNBY TRAIN SET
A Hornby train set is probably still the most common entry point to the wonderful hobby of railway modelling, at least for UK outline trains. But Hornby have a wide range of train sets, from the “Caledonian Belle” (simple oval of track, small tank engine, one coach and one wagon, analogue control) retailing at around £50 right up to the mighty “The Majestic” (double oval of track, two trains, digital control) retailing at around £400.
So (apart from price) how do you decide which one to buy? Or alternatively, if you’ve just been given a train set (or you’ve bought one for a young relative and you’re planning to ‘help’ them to develop it!), how do you decide what sort of layout to develop?
Well, one way that might help is to consider the context – the period and region that each train set is supposed to represent. This will give you an idea of whether that’s the sort of layout you want to build up. So let’s take a look at some of the train sets currently available:
PART 1: ANALOGUE TRAIN SETS
NOTE: These all include a simple ‘analogue’ DC (Direct Current) train controller, which uses 12 Volts DC and controls the speed of the train by varying the power supplied to the track.
Many (but not all) of the locomotives included in these analogue train sets are labelled as ‘DCC ready’: this means that they are not fitted with a DCC chip, but they are fitted with a socket ready to take a DCC chip, if you decide to convert to DCC later.
(See Part 2 for digital (DCC) train sets.)
Hornby “Caledonian Belle” Train Set
[Hornby Item Code: R1157]
This includes a small 0-4-0 tank engine in blue ‘Caledonian Railways’ livery, one 4-wheel coach and one open wagon. Hornby’s own blurb for this set says, “The halcyon days of British Railways were at their best when the numerous small branch lines criss-crossed the British countryside linking the small towns to the outside world. This Caledonian Belle set emulates these small local trains…” So this is supposedly set in “Era 4” (early British Railways, 1948 – 1956), but the “Caledonian Railways” liveries of the engine and coach (although ‘freelance’ and only loosely based on actual prototypes) would set it in “Era 2” (pre-Grouping, 1875 – 1922). Either way, it is meant to be in rural Scotland. So this would be an ideal basis for a classic branch line layout, with short passenger trains and ‘pick up’ good trains.
The Caledonian Belle set is (at the time of writing) not currently available direct from Hornby,
West Coast Highlander
This is similar to the Caledonian Belle set: it includes the same 0-4-0 tank engine, but this time in “WCR” (West Coast Railways) livery, and four wagons (two open wagons, one closed van and a petrol tank wagon). Again, in terms of location it is set in rural Scotland, but more specifically on the West Highland line. This set includes a point, extra track and a buffer stop to add a siding, which as Hornby’s description says “will provide users with an extra degree of operational interest as wagons have to be shunted to and fro to allow them to be dropped off and picked up…” So this would make an ideal basis for a Scottish branch line layout with the emphasis on goods traffic, with lots of shunting.
In terms of period, this could also be set in “Era 4” (early British Railways, 1948 – 1956), although the ‘private livery’ of the loco is a bit anachronistic. There never was a pre-Grouping “West Coast Railways” company but there is a real present-day “West Coast Railways” company, which operates special trains for charter and rail trips, such as the steam-hauled ‘Jacobite Express’ from Fort William to Mallaig – and the ‘Hogwarts Express’ in the Harry Potter films! They are based in Carnforth MPD (Motive Power Depot) in Lancashire. They do have their own “WCR maroon” livery and they do operate a fleet of diesel and steam locomotives but unfortunately this does not include an ex-CR 0-4-0 ‘pug’!
Another advantage of this as a ‘starter’ set is that it also includes an assortment of lineside accessories : telegraph poles, loading gauge, platelayers’ hut, water pump, etc. – which all help to make the transition from a basic ‘train set’ to a more realistic ‘model railway layout’.
The West Coast Highlander train set is not (at the time of writing) available direct from Hornby, but it may still be in stock in some model shops or online retailers.
The Hornby Country Flyer train set is (at the time of writing) available from Hornby for £74.99,
Postal Express Train set
This includes a GWR (Great Western Railway) side tank loco (in green GWR livery), a TPO coach and a clerestory ‘support’ coach, both in “Western Night Mail” livery. This set also includes a point, extra track and a buffer stop to make a siding.
The TPO coach features working collection and delivery of mail bags (a protruding net scoops the bag off a trackside hook and the bag is then delivered into a trackside receiving bin), so there is some ‘play value’ in this set as well.
Hornby’s description says “Before the development of the British motorway system millions of letters were shipped from town to town by railway. Many of these mail trains travelled at night and included a TPO (Travelling Post Office) coach in which bags of letters were collected, sorted and then dropped off in bags at the relevant stations along the route.” (As immortalised in the classic 1936 documentary film ‘Night Mail’ featuring the ‘Night Mail’ poem by W H Auden – although that featured an LMS mail train from London to Scotland rather than a GWR mail train.)
The GWR livery places this set in the ‘Grouping’ era (Era 2, 1923 – 1947). The GWR mail trains ran from London to the South West, as far as Penzance, so this could be the basis for a GWR layout set in Devon or Cornwall, perhaps with a seaside setting.
(Note: This set is currently shown as ‘Limited Availability’. It can be ordered direct from Hornby and some other outlets but may not be stocked by all the usual sellers.)
The Postal Express train set is (at the time of writing) available direct from Hornby for £89.99.
GWR Passenger Freight set
Similar to the Postal Express set, this includes a GWR side tank loco (in green GWR livery), and a point, extra track and a buffer stop to make a siding, but this time with two wagons and a coach to make up a mixed passenger/freight train.
The two wagons are both open wooden-sided ‘private owner’ wagons, in the liveries of “Glenhafod” (red) and “T. Threadgold” (grey), and the coach is a 4-wheel coach in a representation of GWR ‘chocolate and cream’ livery.
Again, the GWR livery places this set in the ‘Grouping’ era (Era 2, 1923 – 1947), so this could be the basis of a GWR layout, set anywhere in GWR territory.
The GWR Passenger Freight train set is (at the time of writing) available direct from Hornby for £89.99.
Blue Rapier Train Set
This set includes a 3-car set (powered driver trailer, dummy (unpowered) driver trailer and an open coach, all in the distinctive blue ‘Blue Rapier’ livery. The set also includes a point, extra track and a buffer stop to make a siding. Both powered and dummy driving trailers have working lights which change according to the direction of travel.
In contrast to the other ‘period’ train sets, this one is bang up-to-date, set firmly in ‘Era 9’ (the current modern-day, with privatised train operators). The prototype is the Hitachi Class 395 high speed commuter train, introduced in 2009, which is operated on the Southeastern services to London, running on the High Speed 1 line used by the Eurostar Channel Tunnel trains.
This set would therefore be ideal as the basis for a ‘modern image’ layout, set in the present day, located in South-east England.
(Note: This set is currently ‘Limited Availability’ and may now be discontinued.
It is no longer shown on the Hornby website but it can still be ordered from some dealers on eBay and some other outlets, but may not be stocked by all the usual sellers.)
The Flying Scotsman Train Set
This set includes an LNER 4-6-2 locomotive and three LNER teak effect coaches (two LNER composite coaches and one LNER brake coach), with a large oval of track with a siding.
The locomotive is the iconic A1 Class “Flying Scotsman” No. 4472 (probably the most famous locomotive in the world) in LNER apple green livery.
This would be suitable for an LNER layout set on the East Coast Main Line in the 1930s.
The Flying Scotsman train set is (at the time of writing) available direct from Hornby for £184.99.
Master of the Glens Train Set
This is another set which includes an LNER express locomotive and three LNER teak effect coaches (two LNER composite coaches and one LNER brake coach), with a large oval of track with a siding, but this time the locomotive is the P2 Class “Cock O’ the North” No. 2001 in LNER apple green livery.
These powerful 2-8-2 locomotives were developed to haul the long, heavy LNER express trains over the gruelling last stretch of the East Coast Main Line, from Edinburgh to Aberdeen. They were all given names from Scottish folklore.
This would therefore also be suitable for an LNER layout based on the East Coast Main Line in the 1930s, but set (as the name suggests) in Scotland rather than England.
The Master of the Glens train set is (at the time of writing) available direct from Hornby for £169.99.
Gloucester City Pullman Train Set
This set includes the BR Standard Class 8 No. 71000 ‘Duke of Gloucester’ 4-6-2 (Pacific) locomotive in BR lined green livery, plus 3 Pullman coaches in Pullman umber-and-cream livery, and a large oval (3rd radius) of track with a siding.
The ‘Duke of Gloucester’ was built at BR Crewe Works in 1954, and this plus the BR ‘late crest’ green livery places this in Era x, British Railways 1957 -1964. It was used to haul the boat trains on the North Wales Coast Line between Crewe and Holyhead until 1962, so this set could be used as the basis for a layout set in that area and period. However, this locomotive was preserved and is frequently used on mainline excursions. As Hornby’s description says, this set makes ‘a fair representation of the steam train excursions that are so popular amongst those who wish to rekindle memories of the heady days of opulent train travel’, so you could run this as a ‘steam special’ on a layout set in the present day, almost anywhere in Britain.
The Gloucester City Pullman train set is (at the time of writing) available direct from Hornby for £169.99.
Eurostar e300 Train Set
[Hornby Item Code: R1]
This set includes a 4-car set (powered driver trailer, dummy (unpowered) driver trailer and two centre coaches), all in the new Eurostar blue/grey livery. The set also includes a point, extra track and a buffer stop to make a siding. Both powered and dummy driving trailers have working lights which change according to the direction of travel.
As Hornby’s own description says. “A Eurostar cutting through the Kent countryside heading for the Continent at 300kph is a wonderful sight to behold yet for those on board the feeling of such speed is minimal.“
This set is bang up-to-date, set firmly in ‘Era 9’ (the current modern-day, with privatised train operators). The prototype is the Eurostar e300 Class 373 high speed train, recently introduced on services between London and Paris, running on the High Speed 1 line to the Channel Tunnel.
The Eurostar train set is (at the time of writing) available from Hornby for £169.99.
Virgin Pendolino Train Set
This set includes a 4-car set (powered driver trailer, dummy (unpowered) driver trailer, a Standard Open coah and a Standard Buffet coaches), all in the latest Virgin livery which incorporates the Alstom branding as well as the Virgin logo. This set also includes a point, extra track and a buffer stop to make a siding. Both powered and dummy driving trailers have working lights which change according to the direction of travel, and also working tilting mechanism.
This set is also right up-to-date, set firmly in ‘Era 9’ (the current modern-day, with privatised train operators). The prototype is the Class390 electric high speed train, using Fiat Ferroviaria’s tilting train Pendolino technology and built by Alstom, running on the West Coast main line between London and Glasgow.
These trains were originally intended to run at 140 mph (225 km/h), but due to the lack of signalling upgrades they are currently restricted to 125 mph (200 km/h).
This set would therefore be ideal as the basis for a ‘modern image’ layout, set on the West Coast main line between London and Scotland.
The Virgin Pendolino train set is (at the time of writing) available from Hornby for £189.99.
Note: We have not included any of the ‘Thomas the Tank Engine’ train sets, or any of the ‘toy’ train sets (such as the ‘Santa’s Express’ set) which are not based – at least loosely! – on a recognisable prototype, because we’re only including sets which have the potential to be developed into a full ‘model railway layout’ rather than just a toy ‘train set’.
(We’ll add details of the Hornby DCC (Digital) train sets in a later post)
This entry was posted in Choosing a Train Set and tagged Buying a train set, Choosing a train set, GWR, Hornby, LNER, Scotland, Train Set on 22nd September 2016 by Peter Tysoe.
Model Rail Scales and Gauges
Newcomers to the hobby of railway modelling are often confused by the variety of scales and gauges in use. This is not helped by the fact that most British railway models are a slightly different scale to those used by most other countries! In this post we’ll cover the main scales and gauges in use in the UK.
First of all, let’s cover the difference: ‘Scale’ and ‘Gauge’ both tend to be used to describe a model (e.g. ‘O Scale’ or ‘O gauge’) but they are not the same thing! ‘Scale’ means the ratio between the model and the real thing, so 1:87 scale means that 1mm on the model represents 87mm (8.7cm) on the full-size original; whereas ‘gauge’ means the width of the track, i.e. the distance between the rails.
To understand the scales and gauges in use in model railways, we need to delve into history a bit, starting with the introduction of ‘O’ gauge:
O: Scale 1:43.5, track gauge 32mm
O gauge was originally introduced by the German manufacturer Märklin in about 1900, followed by other German manufacturers such as Bing. Hornby Railways (at that time part of Meccano Ltd) started their O gauge ‘tinplate’ models in 1920, originally in clockwork, later (in the 1930s) with a 20V AC electric system.
The 32 mm track gauge gives an almost exactly correct scale width for standard gauge track (4ft 8½in, or 1,435.1 mm).
(Incidentally, this was originally intended to be called ‘0’ (number zero), as being a step down from the larger scales numbered 1 – 6 (starting with ‘Gauge 1’: 1:32, 45 mm track gauge), but rapidly became known as ‘O’ (letter O). For a while the two were interchangeable but these days it is known as ‘O’ Gauge (letter ‘O’).
HO: Scale 1:87, track gauge 16.5mm
HO was introduced in the 1920s. (The name comes from ‘Half O’ (or ‘Halb O’ in German) because the scale is exactly half that of ‘O’). This is the most popular scale for models of European prototypes, with rolling stock available from numerous manufacturers such as Fleischmann, but very few ‘British outline’ models have ever been produced in HO.
(Hornby does not produce any HO models itself, but it does now own several European HO brands: Jouef (France), Lima (Italy), Electrotren (Spain) and Rivarossi (Italy) but so far it hasn’t show any inclination to rebrand these as Hornby; the only ‘co-branding’ is on the Hornby track packs which now carry the logos for Jouef, Lima, Electrotren and Rivarossi as well as Hornby.
OO: Scale 1:76, track gauge 16.5mm
Because the British loading gauge is smaller than the continental one and so British locomotives are smaller than their European counterparts, the electric motors available at the time were too large to fit into HO-scale-sized bodies, so a compromise was decided: the track gauge of 16.5 mm was retained, but the scale was increased slightly and named ‘OO’; hence the famous brand name ‘Hornby Dublo’ (‘Double O’).
This means that strictly speaking OO models are slightly ‘narrow gauge’ (the correct exact width for standard gauge in OO scale would be almost exactly 18mm), but this is not really obvious unless the model is viewed ‘head on’.
All Hornby train sets are ‘OO’. (The only exception is the ‘Arnold Starter Train Set’, which is based on a German prototype and is to ‘European N’ scale (see below). This is made by Arnold (a German manufacturer but now owned by Hornby) but sold and distributed in the UK by Hornby, and is listed on Hornby’s website. )
OO is the most popular scale in the UK, with models available from Bachmann, Heljan and numerous other smaller manufacturers as well as Hornby, and with the widest range of accessories (buildings, figures, cars etc.). Hornby produce the ‘Skaledale’ range of OO scale cast resin model buildings.
Note: Because the scales are quite close, some HO models can be used on OO layouts, with some careful placement. HO models of cars, people etc. are noticeably smaller if they are put right next to a similar OO model, but if they are situated on their own the difference is not so obvious. Many items where the exact dimensions are not so important, such as lineside accessories like fencing, are often described as “OO/HO”.
European N: Scale 1:160, track gauge 9mm
This was originally introduced by the German manufacturer Arnold, but many other manufacturers now make N scale models, including Fleischmann, Roco (now owned by Hornby) and Märklin.
There is also a wide range of accessories available in this scale.
British N (Scale 1:148, track gauge 9mm)
As with HO, when N gauge was first introduced the mechanisms available were too large to fit into N-scale-sized bodies of British prototypes, so a compromise of 1:148 scale on 9 mm track was introduced.
This is now almost as popular as OO. British N Gauge used to be dominated by Graham Farish (now part of Bachmann) and PECO, but a wide range of other manufacturers now produce models in this scale.
Hornby have dipped their toe in the water in this scale, with the introduction of the ‘Brighton Belle’ train, produced by Arnold, but so far this is their only item of British N Gauge rolling stock.
(Please note that this is a ‘Train Pack’ not a ‘Train Set’, i.e. it is sold as a complete 5-car train but without any track or a controller.)
Hornby also produce the ‘Lyddle End’ range of N scale cast resin model buildings, many of which are models of the same buildings as their ‘Skaledale’ OO equivalent.
Finally, it might be worth mentioning the ‘millimetres per foot’ ratios. At first glance this might seem a strange mixture of metric and imperial measurements, but it is actually quite useful, for example when trying to work out the dimensions of buildings. So in O Gauge, 7mm is (near enough) a scale foot (12 inches); in HO, 3.5mm; in 00, 4mm; and in N, 2mm; and these are often used as informal descriptions for the scale as well, i.e. O Gauge is called “7mm scale” and OO is called “4mm scale”.
(For details of other model rail scales not covered here, including those used in Europe, America and Japan, see the Wikipedia article ‘List of rail transport modelling scale standards’.)
This entry was posted in Information, Track and tagged gauge, Hornby, scale, track on 6th March 2016 by Peter Tysoe.
Ballasting
You may have heard that the most commonly recommended method of producing realistic ballasted track is to spread loose ballast around the sleepers and then, when you’re happy with it, glue it down with a 50/50 mix of PVA glue and water, with a few drops of washing-up liquid added. (The detergent lowers the surface tension and so helps the glue to spread in and around the ballast particles.)
This is the ‘tried and tested’ method recommended by most builders of ‘exhibition‘ layouts, and numerous books on rail modelling.
This does give a very good effect but it is time-consuming and there are some disadvantages:
You have to be very careful not to get glue in and around the moving parts of points (turnouts), otherwise they can get gummed up and won’t work
Sometimes, as it dries, the glue causes the ballast to ‘heave’ and you get a ‘lumpy’ finish
Although the glue should be colourless when it dries, you can get a slightly shiny or ‘plasticky’ look – especially if you’ve been a bit too liberal with the application of the glue!
And perhaps the biggest drawback of all: if you decide to change your track layout and you want to re-use the track and points, it’s a real pain to lift and clean them – it is possible to carefully lift and re-use glue-ballasted track – but chipping off glued-on bits of ballast is not the most fun-packed way to spend a evening!
SO, here’s a radical suggestion: How about NOT gluing it down?
After all, the full size real thing isn’t glued down, the ballast is loose. Now unfortunately we don’t (yet!) have working scale model DCC-controlled ballast-tamping trains; but on the other hand we don’t have rain, snow, floods, gales, or passing trains weighing hundreds of tons, to disturb the ballast either; so once laid the ballast should stay where’s it’s been put.
Bear in mind that, as I said above, the ‘glued down’ method is used for exhibition layouts, which have to stand up to being frequently dismantled, manhandled and transported, often upside down, so all the scenery has to be firmly fixed down; but if yours is a ‘layout that never leaves home’, on a fixed level surface, then you don’t need to worry about that.
Then if you do decide to change the track layout it’s a simple matter of removing the loose ballast (a small battery-operated vacuum cleaner – the kind used for cleaning computer keyboards – can be useful for this) and if you’re careful you should be able to re-use the ballast.
Alternatively, if having completely loose ballast is a step too far:
Lay the track on top of double-sided adhesive tape, and sprinkle the ballast over it. The ballast will stick to the exposed tape in between and around the sleepers. You could then top it up with a loose layer on top. Then, if at a later date you want to change the track layout, it’s fairly easy to remove the loose ballast and then carefully peel the track away from the tape.
I fully realise that this might be a controversial suggestion! As always, any comments are welcome!
This entry was posted in Track and tagged PVA, SO on 13th February 2016 by Peter Tysoe.
British Railway Eras
Many newcomers to the hobby of railway modelling are confused by the huge variety of models available, representing prototypes from different periods of time, ranging from Victorian times up to the present day.
To help to clear up the confusion, some model manufacturers have adopted the concept of ‘eras’ to define the time period that a model is supposed to represent.
(In this article we’ll cover the Era system used by Hornby, but several other manufacturers, such as Bachmann, use the same or very similar classifications.)
Under this system, time periods are divided into 11 ‘eras’ according to when major changes occurred, as follows:
Era 1: 1804 – 1869 Pioneering
Era 2: 1870 – 1922 Pre-Grouping
Era 3: 1923 – 1947 Grouping: “The Big Four” – LMS, GWR, LNER and SR
Era 4: 1948 – 1956 Early British Railways (Early Crest)
Era 5: 1956 – 1968 Late British Railways (Late Crest)
Era 6: 1968 – 1971 British Rail Pre TOPS
Era7: 1971 – 1986 British Rail TOPS
Era 8: 1982 – 1997 British Rail Sectorisation
Era 9: 1996 – 2008 Privatisation
Era 10: 2006 – 2017 Network Franchising
Era 11: 2014 on Present Day
Now let’s look at these in a bit more detail:
Era 1 1804 – 1869 Pioneering
This covers the very early days, from the first ever public passenger railway (The Stockton & Darlington, opened in 1825) through the ‘railway mania’ times when railway lines were being opened all over the country.
Era 2 1870 – 1922 Pre-Grouping
This covers the period when railways were becoming more established, and there were numerous railway companies, ranging from small branch lines to large companies like GWR.
Era 3 1923 – 1947 Grouping
In 1923 many of the smaller companies were amalgamated or ‘grouped’ into one of the ‘Big Four’ regional railway companies: LMS (London Midland & Scottish), LNER (London & North Eastern Railway), GWR (Great Western Railway) and SR (Southern Railway).
Era 4 1948 – 1956 Early British Railways (“Early Crest”):
The railways in Britain made a crucial contribution to the war effort during the Second World War, but after the war they were in a poor state, following the hammering they took from all the extra train movements and damage from bombing, and years of underinvestment, and the decision was taken to nationalise the network in 1948. The “Early Crest” refers to the early British Railways emblem, popularly known as the “unicycling lion”:
Era 5 1956 – 1968 Late British Railways (“Late Crest”)
During this period the infamous ‘Beeching Report’ was issued (in 1965) which resulted in many lines being closed and the withdrawal of steam locomotives and their replacement by diesel locomotives. BR also officially changed its trading name from ‘British Railways’ to just ‘British Rail’ in 1965. The crest used in this period was nicknamed the ‘Ferret & Dartboard’:
Era 6 1957 – 1971 British Rail Pre-TOPS
This was the beginning of the ‘corporate blue’ period, when BR changed its livery to an overall blue and also adopted the ‘double arrow’ logo:
(Source: British Rail from clipartlogo.com)
Era 7 1971 – 1986 BR TOPS:
‘TOPS’ was the ‘Train Operating Processing System’, a computer system introduced by BR which resulted in locomotives being renumbered; diesel locos lost the ‘D’ prefix and were allocated a leading ‘Class’ number instead.
(We’ll cover class numbers in a later post.)
Era 8 1982 – 1997 BR Sectorisation
During this time BR, although still nationalised, was ‘Sectorised’ into separate business ‘Sectors’: for passenger traffic these were InterCity (express services), Network SouthEast (London commuter services) and Regional Railways (regional services); and for freight traffic, Trainload Freight, Railfreight Distribution (for non-trainload freight) , Freightliner (for intermodal (container) freight) and Rail Express Systems (for parcels traffic).
Each of these had their own livery, and there were also some sub-sectors such as petroleum, coal, etc. with their own livery variations.
Era 9 1996 – 2008 Privatisation
Under the Railways Bill (which was passed in 1993 and came into force in 1994) BR was broken up and sold off to private companies, leading to the present day arrangements of several competing freight companies (Freightliner, DRS, etc.) and several Train Operating Companies (‘TOCs’) running passenger services under regional franchises.
Era 10 2006 – 2017 Network Franchising
The BR network was divided up and franchises for either regional areas or certain routes (e.g. the West Coast Main Line). Companies such as Stagecoach, Virgin and First bid for these franchises and were awarded rights to operate trains on those routes.
Era 11 2014 on Present Day
This bring us to the current situation where we have the franchise operators, several goods operators, and also some new TOCs such as Hull Trains and Grand Central: these are “open access operators” who run their own trains on specific ‘paths’ which the franchise holders do not operate.
(These last 3 Eras can make a very colourful modelling scene, with numerous different liveries running alongside each other- some of which (e.g. GNER) are now already history!)
[Note: This article has been updated to align with the revised Era system now used by Hornby, as shown in their 2019 catalogue and on their website – the website also has a useful timeline graphic which shows how some of these Eras overlap.]
This entry was posted in Information and tagged BR, British Rail, British Railways, eras on 13th February 2016 by Peter Tysoe.
Review: Hornby Santa’s Express Train Set
Peter Tysoe on British Railway Eras
Geoff Crawford on British Railway Eras
Leslie RICHMOND on British Railway Eras
Choosing a Train Set
00 2016 B-24 Liberator BR British Rail British Railways Buying a train set catalogue Choosing a train set Christmas Day country flyer DCC digital eras gauge GWR handbook Hornby Hornby Train Set LNER PVA R1180 Postal Express review scale Scotland SO Swindon Works track Train Set
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GLOBAL MARKETS-Stocks sink on dismal economic data, mixed trade signals
Ritvik Carvalho
* Graphic: World FX rates in 2019 tmsnrt.rs/2egbfVh
* French, German and Euro zone PMIs weaker than expected
* Oil falls below $64
* MSCI All Country World Index down 0.2%
By Ritvik Carvalho
LONDON, Sept 23 (Reuters) - Global shares sank on Monday as weaker-than-expected economic data added to investor worries over the unresolved U.S.-China trade dispute's effects on the world economy.
European stock markets opened lower as surveys of purchasing managers from France, Germany, and the euro zone came in weaker than expected. The pan-European STOXX 600 index was down 0.9%.
The euro fell 0.4% to $1.0966 after the German Purchasing Managers' Index (PMI) release, its lowest in over a week against the dollar.
Germany's DAX index hit its lowest level in nearly two weeks, down 1.35% after the euro zone data, while France's CAC 40 fell nearly 1%.
"Considering that Germany already contracted in Q2, today's numbers effectively increase the risk of another negative quarter in Q3, which by definition would constitute a technical recession," said Marios Hadjikyriacos, investment analyst at XM.
"It seems that the malaise in manufacturing -- owed to trade and Brexit worries -- has started to spread to the much larger services sector as well."
Euro zone business growth has stalled this month, a survey showed on Monday, less than two weeks after outgoing ECB President Mario Draghi pledged indefinite stimulus to revive the bloc's ailing economy.
The recent switch back into support mode by top central banks including the U.S. Federal Reserve, the ECB and China's PBOC has swollen the amount of bonds trading at negative rates to a record of more $17 trillion.
The Bank for International Settlements in its latest report said the growing acceptance of negative interest rates - where investors effectively pay for the privilege of lending - has reached "vaguely troubling" levels.
MSCI's All Country World Index, which tracks shares across 47 countries was down 0.25%.
U.S. stock futures - earlier up 0.4% - fell after the PMI data in Europe. S&P 500 E-mini futures last traded flat.
Protests in Cairo and other major cities against government corruption had forced the suspension of Egypt's main stock market on Sunday and the strains spilled into debt and foreign exchange as major trading centres like London began their week.
In the FX non-deliverable forward (NDF) markets, the Egyptian pound weakened to 18.36 to the U.S. dollar and widened the gap with the more managed spot FX rate, which was at 16.26 pounds.
The government's dollar-denominated bonds fell as much 3 cents in the dollar too.
"We don't think this will be a repeat of the Arab Spring," said Aberdeen Standard Investments' Kevin Daly. But apparently there will be more demonstrations scheduled for Friday so let's see how that pans out."
TRADE CONCERNS
Most Asian share markets slipped as investors waited for more clarity on U.S.- China trade talks.
MSCI's broadest index of Asia-Pacific shares outside Japan fell 0.3%.
Over the weekend, the U.S. Trade Representative's office issued a brief statement characterising the two days of talks with China as "productive." It added that a principal-level trade meeting in Washington would take place in October, as previously planned.
China's Commerce Ministry, in a brief statement, described the talks as "constructive", and said they had also had a good discussion on "detailed arrangements" for the high-level talks in October.
Additionally, the United States removed tariffs from more than 400 Chinese products in response to requests from U.S. companies.
Despite the improved tone, markets still remain unconvinced about the possibility of an imminent deal.
Investors were rattled by news on Friday that Chinese officials unexpectedly cancelled a visit to U.S. farms this week following their two days of negotiations in Washington.
In the Middle East, news that five Yemeni civilians were killed in air strikes by the Saudi-led coalition further soured investor appetite.
Oil fell below $64 a barrel, reversing an earlier gain, pressured by the prospect of a faster-than-expected full restart of Saudi Arabian oil output and by fresh signs of European economic weakness.
A source, briefed on the latest developments in the Sept. 14 attack on Saudi oil facilities, told Reuters Saudi Arabia has restored around 75% of crude output lost.
Brent crude futures - the international benchmark for oil - fell 0.2% to $63.98 per barrel.
U.S. crude oil futures fell 0.6% to $57.79 a barrel.
The Pentagon has ordered additional troops to be deployed in the Gulf region to strengthen Saudi Arabia's air and missile defences following an attack on Saudi oil facilities.
Markets will closely watch September manufacturing activity surveys due from the United States later in the day.
In currencies, the dollar gained 0.23% against a basket of currencies. (Reporting by Ritvik Carvalho; additional reporting by Swati Pandey in Sydney and Marc Jones in London; Editing by Catherine Evans and Saumyadeb Chakrabarty)
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THINK REVIEW
TALKING ‘BOUT A REVOLUTION
By Brett King | 04.13.11
Stop worrying about when the revolution in financial services is going to arrive. According to financial services expert Brett King, best-selling author of “Bank 2.0,” it’s already here.
“In terms of how banks interact with consumers, (this is) the most disruptive period that we have seen in the history of banking,” King says. “When you’ve got banks geared toward serving customers with physical instruments such as cash, checks or plastic credit cards, and these things are no longer going to be used – and people are no longer visiting physical branches – it’s a complete change in the way we do business.”
So much for making incremental adjustments.
At THINK 11 in May, King will discuss how credit unions can address this sea change. Recently, THINK caught up with King to talk about the trends and tribulations affecting our industry:
THINK: Financial services as we know them have had a great, centuries-long run. Why the sudden change?
KING: The psychology of (using the) Internet can’t be underestimated. Suddenly, at 11 p.m. we can get online and start paying our bills or transfer money, and we feel like we have control of our money for the first time. We aren’t required to visit a branch – or make a phone call or write a check.
THINK: No question, online account management has changed the game. But we’ve had that technology for a while. What’s accelerating change now?
KING: Expectations are increasing. We can get on our mobile phones and check in with an airline. We can even use our phones as boarding passes. Now, if you’re going to pay for something with a debit or credit card, the number one piece of information you might want is, “What’s my balance?” (Financial institutions) still may not be able to give people that information via mobile phone, but there’s an expectation that people should be able to get that information contextually. As the mobile phone becomes a credit card itself – as we begin to use it this way – we’ll be detaching ourselves even more from the physicality of the banking system.
THINK: What is that world going to look like?
KING: By 2015, the most interactive channel for day to day banking will be the mobile phone. Number two will be the Internet. Number three will be the ATM. Number four will be call centers. And number five will be branches.
THINK: How are credit unions going to compete in this new environment?
KING: It’s going to be interesting. There will be the challenge of moving forward with all of these innovations. I don’t think (credit unions) need to do all the things big banks are doing or build all the (systems) themselves. There may be collaborative opportunities where a number of credit unions get together and create common platforms. The good news there is that a credit union that was once limited to a geographical region doesn’t have to be anymore if they have a good platform.
THINK: Do credit unions have an edge in any area?
KING: There are elements where credit unions have an advantage. They’re built on the foundation of being there to serve members. If you look at what is one of the biggest drivers today, it’s the emergence of this idea of community through social media. Credit unions have the opportunity to adapt their knowledge of serving a community to the virtual space. If they do it well, they can get really high advocacy of a kind that would make banks like Chase and Wells Fargo envious.
To hear the whole interview with Brett King, find him on the THINK 11 speakers’ page and click “podcast.”
THINK 19 – How to Build a Digital Business Model w/ Stephanie Woerner
By CO-OP Financial Services | 06.03.19
THINK 19 – Samantha Paxson on Seizing the Opportunities in Front of Us
THINK 19 – Seth Godin on Making Change Happen
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April 23, 2010 • Baseball • Softball
Outfielders need instruction too
By Rick Steen
Too many coaches don’t spend enough time on outfield defense — they just put a couple good athletes out there, hit them some fly balls and hope for the best when the game starts.
But any team’s outfield defense can be improved and that improvement translates directly into wins for your squad.
First, though, coaches and players must understand the importance of outfield play. It’s your team’s last line of defense and balls that get by outfielders are usually the ones that decide games.
But even on those balls that are kept in front of outfielders, controlling baserunners is crucial. Outfielders who get to the ball quickly, pick it up cleanly and make a strong throw are going to keep baserunners from getting that extra 90 feet. Sometimes that means saving a run, but keeping the hitter on first base also sets up a double-play possibility, as well as giving infielders the option of a shorter throw for a force out.
Repetition, repetition, repetition
Using a pitching machine in practice is a great way to give outfielders plenty of repetitions. For most coaches, the pitching machine is more accurate than hitting fungoes and the outfielders receive more realistic repetitions.
The best way to improve outfield play is with repetition — especially since many outfielders started out as infielders and were moved because they weren’t quite as good defensively as the other infielders.
A pitching machine delivers ground ball after ground ball down the left-field line, as well as long fly balls to help players learn how to go back on the ball.
Keep center fielders shallow
And speaking of going back on the ball, play your center fielders shallow. More hits drop in front of the outfielders than go over their heads, so giving up that occasional double is worth it because of the singles you take away — and it also makes it more difficult for baserunners to advance.
Why play the center fielder shallow instead of the corners?
1. The center fielder is generally a better athlete, which means it’s easier for him to go back on fly balls.
2. The balls get to the corners a little faster.
3. It’s easy to play the left fielder a little deeper because runners on first usually aren’t going to third on a single anyway.
4. Coaches are more reluctant to send home a runner on second on a single to right than they are on hits to other parts of the outfield.
Of course, it’s hard to get outfielders to play shallow. They don’t feel as comfortable there but that’s mainly because they haven’t had enough repetitions — and even then, it sometimes takes a little extra coaching effort to get the idea across.
I was coaching in Belgium last summer and I had an outfielder who just wouldn’t play shallow. I went to the ballpark early, as I always do, and they were lining the field, so I grabbed an empty cup, filled it with chalk and wandered out to center field. When I got there, I made a little circle with the chalk and told the center fielder, “This is where you start on every play. I’ll move you from there, but that’s your starting point.” And I finally got him to do it.
With the center fielder playing shallow, it also makes it easier for outfielders to have confidence on those balls in the gap. Have your center fielder go low and the corner outfielders go high — meaning the center fielder, who starts shallow, is always looking to catch a ball in the gap below the waist while the corner outfielders go for the shoulder-high catch because they take a more direct route to the ball due to of their positioning.
Communication & drills
The center fielder is in charge in the outfield, just as any outfielder is in charge on a ball between him and an infielder. Have players communicate in threes by calling “Ball, ball, ball” when wanting to take the fly and saying “You, you, you” or the other player’s name three times when deferring.
Try this communication drill that runs horizontally or vertically — that is, either station two players about 30 yards apart from left to right, or have them 30 yards apart front to back. Drop fly balls in the middle of the two fielders either with the pitching machine or with fun goes. (Sometimes, use three players on the vertical drill — a catcher, infielder and outfielder. That way, if you don’t control the popup exactly, the odds are someone gets the work in communication and catching fly balls.)
It’s helpful to spend a lot of time each day in practice on outfield defense. While you’re working on pitcher fielding (10 to 12 minutes), make sure the outfielders get ground balls.
For example, on Monday, have outfielders get grounders to their backhand side; on Tuesday, to the glove side; on Thursday, straight at them.
Another option is to set up a cone and have them run around the cone before picking up the ball to get the right angle for the throw. During batting practice, only have two outfielders in each group so that they have to cover a lot of ground. Make sure your outfielders take pride in their defense by not letting fly balls drop or ground balls to stop rolling, even during batting practice.
Try some fun drills for a change of pace. For example, start with the outfielders facing away from the coach so they have to turn at the crack of the bat and find the ball…and later in the year, actually have them lying down with their feet pointing to the coach. When the ball is hit, they have to get up, locate the ball and run it down.
By focusing on outfield defense every day in practice, by emphasizing repetition, and by making sure the outfielders take pride in their defense, teams improve during the course of the season.
Rick Steen, who spent 32 years at San Ramon Valley High School in Danville, Calif., and now coaches at De La Salle High School, Concord Calif., can watch the hometown San Francisco Giants play, and also watch Randy Winn and Nate Schierholtz in the outfield. Both outfielders played for him at San Ramon, just 25 miles from AT&T Park.
Steen, an outfielder and first baseman himself (at Chico State), focuses on outfield play when he works overseas for Major League Baseball every summer. For the past 13 years, he’s gone to places like Ireland, France, Belgium and Switzerland to teach the game, and is in the Ireland Baseball Hall of Fame. That’s just one of five Halls of Fame Steen has been inducted into: the others are San Ramon High School (the baseball field is named after him), Chico State, Tri-Valley (Calif.) and the California Baseball Coaches’ Association.
Tags: baseball, baseball coach, coach, coaching, coaching baseball, outfield
Doctors concerned over number of Tommy John surgeries in teenage athletes
Arrowhead High School Special Report (Home)
Little League Brawl Caught on Tape; Fathers Fist Fight At The Game
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HomeAbout CODAdministrationConsumer InformationStudent Right-To-Know
Drug and Alcohol Abuse Prevention Program Biennial Review
Drug-Free Environment
Equal Employment and Affirmative Action Policy
Family Education Rights and Privacy Act (FERPA)
FOIA Requests Log
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The Federal government, under Student Right-to-Know (SRTK) legislation, requires that all colleges and universities report the proportion of students who began their studies full time and who complete programs within 150 percent of the normal time required for completion. For College of DuPage, a community college with two-year programs, that time period is three years for associate degrees and proportionately less for certificates.
In compliance with the Student Right-To-Know and Higher Education Act of 1965, as amended, and the Campus Security Act of 1990, College of DuPage makes available its completion, transfer and retention rates and Campus Crime information to all current and prospective students.
Student Characteristics and Demographics
Completion, Transfer Out and Retention Rates
Crime Statistics/Annual Security Report
In addition, the following provides prospective students, current students and community members with additional information (e.g., Equity in Athletics, Title IX, etc.) about College of DuPage.
Equity in Athletics Disclosure
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Drug and Alcohol Abuse Prevention Program & Biennial Review
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Student Education Records
Student Complaint Process
It is the goal of College of DuPage that any disagreements be discussed and resolved in a professional manner. When appropriate, attempts should be made to resolve the issue informally with the individual or department directly involved. If an issue or problem still exists, College of DuPage has established a formal student complaint process. All formal complaints must be put in writing using the Student Complaint Form.
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Welcome To Bendisville
Have you ever noticed how easy it for Naperville city officials to spend other peoples’ money. Other people being the residents and businesses of Naperville, and money being tax dollars, along with all other types of revenue city officials collect. Not only do they spend it, they also waste it. And the kicker is that they are not held accountable for bad decisions and poor judgment. That changed on January 23, when resident Kim Bendis filed a federal lawsuit against the City of Naperville.
Bendis vs. City Of Naperville
Somebody in city hall made a huge mistake when they approved the decision to arrest Kim and drag her and her family through the court system for almost two years. Naperville city officials didn’t care, it wasn’t their money and they didn’t have to spend any of their time in court. Even when Naperville’s case against Kim Bendis began to fall apart, they still tried to make her life a living hell. You won’t find any of that on the City of Naperville website, nor will you find it in any ranking listing Naperville as a ‘family friendly’ city.
When the case against Kim finally went to court last October, a jury of her peers found her not guilty. Kim and her family won, and the City of Naperville lost. Most of the rascals responsible for allowing this to happen are no longer with the city. Six or seven members of the council will be gone after the municipal election in April, including the mayor. The police chief at that time is gone, and the city attorney pushing the issue is gone. The only rascals likely still remaining will be council members Judith Brodhead and Paul Hinterlong, along with Naperville city manager Doug Krieger.
One mayoral candidate recently said, that Krieger “deserves to keep his job as long as he wants to”. Other than Fidel Castro, who do you know that “can keep his job as long as he wants to”. Classic entitlement, but that’s for another posting at a later date.
The federal lawsuit against the City of Naperville alleges:
Equal Protection Class of One Claim
First Amendment Retaliation Claim
Illinois Malicious Prosecution Claim
These are very serious claims against the City of Naperville. Bendis is represented by the powerful and usually successful Hamilton Law Office in Chicago, and lead attorney Torreya Hamilton. Naperville city officials thought they could push Kim around, until Kim Bendis won in court, but Naperville city officials have no idea who they are up against in the form of Hamilton,
By the time the City of Naperville goes down for the count of ten on this one, Kim Bendis and her family may own the City of Naperville.
Welcome to Bendisville, a truly ‘family friendly’ city.
2 Responses to “Welcome To Bendisville”
Gerard H Schilling says:
Hopefully she sues everyone of them individually and collectively including the councilmen who approved this action in secrete backdoor meetings. This is one of the most disgraceful episodes is our great city’s history and shows how absolute power corrupts absolutely. Time for these idiots to pay the piper! Hopefully, also, the same attorney starts a class action suit for people who had their property trespassed on and forced to take these meters against their will.
Sheep Dog says:
“It should be clear that only by our rule can everyone experience the full blessings of government; and though we mean to rule with “benevolence,” make no mistake, we mean to rule.”
Progressive Manifesto
Naperville’s Lame Duck City Council Naperville City Council Votes No For Transparency, Votes Yes For Concealment
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Black Crowes Reunite for ‘Shake Your Money Maker’ Tour
Dave Lifton
The Black Crowes are getting back together for a North American tour where they'll celebrate the 30th anniversary of their debut, Shake Your Money Maker. They'll perform the album in its entirety as well as other songs from the band's catalog.
A billboard spotted in New York City already revealed two dates for next July. Their now-confirmed tour begins June 17 in Austin and closes out Sept. 19 in Los Angeles. You can see the dates below and visit their website for tickets and VIP packages, all of which go on sale today.
"I'm thrilled and blessed to be playing with my brother celebrating the music we've made and bringing our lives together full circle," frontman Chris Robinson said in a news release. "Long live rock n' roll & the Black Crowes!"
Rich Robinson added: "First and foremost, I'm really happy to have my brother back in my life. To be able to play music again together and celebrate the first record we made as kids, is a gift. To have these songs stand up after 30 years is something I could've never fathomed."
The brothers made the announcement today on the Howard Stern show, where they also revealed that the Black Crowes will play a special show tonight at New York's Bowery Ballroom. Another concert is set for Wednesday at the Troubadour in Los Angeles. These will be the group's first performances since February 2014.
Chris also admitted that he had some personal issues to work through in order for the reunion to happen. "I said some horrible things. I was in a negative place, but you know what, I've apologized to Rich about that," Robinson said on the Howard Stern program. "A lot of things have changed for me in the last two years. I was in a relationship that was failing. I was in a negative place. I was dealing with depression. And I'm sitting over here, like, 'Why am I saying bad things about my brother?'"
The new lineup will be fleshed out by guitarist Isiah Mitchell, bassist Tim LeFebvre (who played on David Bowie’s Blackstar), keyboardist Joel Robinow and drummer Ojha, according to Rolling Stone.
Black Crowes 2020 North American Tour Dates
June 17 – Austin, TX @ Austin360 Amphitheater
June 19 – Dallas, TX @ Dos Equis Pavilion
June 20 – Houston, TX @ Cynthia Woods Mitchell Pavilion Presented by Huntsman
June 23 – Tulsa, OK @ BOK Center
June 24 – Rogers, AR @ Walmart AMP
June 26 – Birmingham, AL @ Oak Mountain Amphitheater
June 27 – Atlanta, GA @ Cellairis Amhitheatre at Lakewood
June 30 – West Palm Beach, FL @ Coral Sky Amphitheatre
July 1 – Tampa, FL @ MIDFLORIDA Credit Union Amphitheatre
July 3 – Charlotte, NC @ PNC Music Pavilion
July 4 – Raleigh, NC @ Coastal Credit Union Music Park at Walnut Creek
July 7-8 – Nashville, TN @ Ascend Amphitheatre
July 10 – Virginia Beach, VA @ Veteran United Home Loans Amphitheater
July 11 – Washington, DC @ Jiffy Lube Live
July 14 – Camden, NJ @ BB&T Pavilion
July 15 – Bethel, NY @ Bethel Woods Center for the Arts
July 17 – Holmdel, NJ @ PNC Bank Arts Center
July 18 – Wantagh, NY @ Northwell Health at Jones Beach Theater
July 21 – Gilford, NH @ Bank of New Hampshire Pavilion
July 22 – Boston, MA @ Xfinity Center
July 24 – Hartford, CT @ XFINITY Theatre
July 25 – Saratoga Springs, NY @ Saratoga Performing Arts Center
July 28 – Toronto, ON @ Budweiser Stage
July 29 – Detroit, MI @ DTE Energy Music Theatre
July 31 – Buffalo, NY @ Darien Lake Amphitheatre
Aug. 1 – Pittsburgh, PA @ KeyBank Pavilion
Aug. 13 – Minneapolis, MN @ Xcel Energy Center
Aug. 15 – Chicago, IL @ Hollywood Casino Amphitheatre
Aug. 16 – Indianapolis, IN @ Ruoff Home Mortgage Music Center
Aug. 18 – Cleveland, OH @ Blossom Music Center
Aug. 20 – Cincinnati, OH @ Riverbend Music Center
Aug. 23 – St. Louis, MO @ Hollywood Casino Amphitheatre
Aug. 26 – Kansas City, MO @ Providence Medical Center Amphitheater
Aug. 28 – Omaha, NE @ CHI Health Center
Aug. 30 – Denver, CO @ Red Rocks Amphitheatre
Sept. 1 – Salt Lake City, UT @ USANA Amphitheatre
Sept. 4 – Seattle, WA @ White River Amphitheatre
Sept. 5 – Portland, OR @ Sunlight Supply Amphitheater
Sept. 8 – Concord, CA @ Concord Pavilion
Sept. 9 – Mountain View, CA @ Shoreline Amphitheatre
Sept. 11 – Las Vegas, NV @ MGM Grand Garden Arena
Sept. 12 – Phoenix, AZ @ Ak-Chin Pavilion
Sept. 18 – San Diego, CA @ North Island Credit Union Amphitheatre
Sept. 19 – Los Angeles, CA @ The Forum
See the Black Crowes Among the Top 100 Albums of the '90s
Next: Top 10 Black Crowes Songs
Source: Black Crowes Reunite for ‘Shake Your Money Maker’ Tour
Filed Under: The Black Crowes
Categories: Music News, News
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Human health (13)
Infrastructure and buildings (18)
Show less Show less Sector
Erosion (13)
British Columbia (179)
Newfoundland and Labrador (141)
Additional resources (73)
Consortium (35)
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Adaptation planning (39)
Data files (143)
Educational and awareness-raising material (32)
Decadal (109)
7 Steps to Assess Climate Change Vulnerability in Your Community (Opens in a new Window)
This workbook helps communities plan for climate change by assessing vulnerability to identified hazards.
Government of Newfoundland and Labrador, Memorial University
Vulnerability or risk assessment
A Guidebook on Climate Scenarios: Using Climate Information to Guide Adaptation Research and Decisions (Opens in a new Window)
This guidebook supports decision-makers in understanding climate information, modelling, and how climate change scenarios can be used to inform adaptation.
A New Framework for Using Climate Scenario Data for Impacts and Assessment Studies (Opens in a new Window)
In progress. The New Framework for Using Climate Scenario Data for Impacts and Assessment Studies will provide data on estimates of regional temperature and precipitation changes as a result of cumulative CO2 emissions which is expected to be applicable to efforts to estimate regional impacts and adaptation needs.
Ouranos, University of Concordia
A Practitioner's Guide to Climate Change Adaptation in Ontario's Ecosystems (Opens in a new Window)
This guide provides tools and techniques for vulnerability and risk assessments and how these vulnerabilities and risks can be integrated into decision-making and adaptation planning as it relates to ecosystems in Ontario.
Government of Ontario, Ontario Centre for Climate Impacts and Adaptation Resources (OCCIAR)
A Primer for Understanding Concepts, Principles and Language Use Across Disciplines (Opens in a new Window)
This primer helps engineers and climate specialists collaborate more effectively in carrying out climate change vulnerability and risk assessments. It does this by explaining important differences in how practitioners from these two respective disciplines understand particular concepts, principles, and vocabulary.
Nodelcorp, Government of British Columbia, Pacific Climate Impacts Consortium
BC Ministry of Transportation and Infrastructure
Adaptation and Climate Impacts (Opens in a new Window)
This webpage provides an overview of the impacts of climate change on different sectors in British Columbia. It also includes links to further information on climate change impacts.
Educational and awareness-raising material
Adaptation Guidelines: B.C. Sea Dikes and Coastal Flood Hazard Land Use (Opens in a new Window)
These guidelines support the design of sea dikes to protect low lying areas exposed to coastal flood hazards from sea level rise due to climate change in British Columbia.
Adaptation planning
Adapting to a Changing Climate in Nova Scotia: Vulnerability Assessment and Adaptation Options (Opens in a new Window)
This report provides a synthesis of the impacts of climate change on the Atlantic region of Canada, particularly Nova Scotia. The report also provides information on historical climate and expected future projections.
Government of Nova Scotia
Adapting to Climate Change: A Risk Based Guide for Local Governments (Opens in a new Window)
This guide helps local governments identify, assess and communicate climate change risks.
Adapting to Climate Change: A Risk Based Guide for Local Governments in British Columbia (Opens in a new Window)
This guide helps local governments in British Columbia identify, assess and communicate climate change risks.
Government of British Columbia, Federation of Canadian Municipalities
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Virginia Harper Ho
How SEC Rule 14a-8 and the Ordinary Business Exception Impede ESG Disclosure Reform
By Virginia Harper Ho November 12, 2019 by Virginia Harper Ho
Shareholder proposals urging corporate boards to report on climate‑related risk made headlines in 2017 when they earned majority support from investors at ExxonMobil, Occidental Petroleum, and PPL.[1] The key to this historic vote was the support of the Big Three index fund managers – BlackRock, State Street, and Vanguard, which broke with management and cast their votes for the proposals.[2] The 2018 proxy season saw several more climate‑related proposals earn majority support, and in 2018 and 2019 record numbers of proposals were withdrawn after the companies agreed to respond to shareholders’ requests.[3]
The highly visible 2017 proposal, … Read more
Is There Too Much Disclosure?
By Virginia Harper Ho November 5, 2019 by Virginia Harper Ho
In 2018 and 2019, the SEC released the first amendments to Regulation S-K to emerge from its decades-long project to “modernize and simplify” the disclosure obligations that apply to publicly traded companies. New proposed amendments released for public comment in August are currently pending. Largely missing, however, are changes to the basic rules governing how companies provide information to investors about risk, including emerging environmental, social, and governance (ESG) risks.[1] The SEC’s caution is due largely to persistent concerns in the business community that any effort to standardize how companies report ESG risk factors will overload investors and obscure … Read more
Nonfinancial Risk Disclosure and the Costs of Private Ordering
By Virginia Harper Ho January 22, 2018 by Virginia Harper Ho
2017 was a year of major developments that are changing how companies disclose nonfinancial environmental, social, and governance (ESG) risk to investors. In January, regulations implementing the European Union’s 2014 Nonfinancial Reporting Directive took effect for certain large companies operating in Europe and the U.K. Under these rules, affected companies must prepare a non-financial statement disclosing material environmental, social, human rights, anti-bribery, and diversity matters. In March, Nasdaq’s Nordic and Baltic stock exchanges introduced voluntary ESG reporting guidelines as part of their contribution to the United Nation’s Sustainable Stock Exchanges initiative on nonfinancial disclosure reform. And in June, the Task … Read more
How a “Comply or Explain” Rule Would Improve Nonfinancial Disclosure
By Virginia Harper Ho March 14, 2017 by Virginia Harper Ho
In 2016, the Securities and Exchange Commission (SEC) issued a Concept Release on Regulation S-K as part of its comprehensive review of the effectiveness of federal disclosure rules. The release included for the first time a request for comment on whether and how sustainability information should be incorporated into periodic reporting under federal securities law. The SEC previously issued guidance in 2010 showing how information on material climate-related risks should be disclosed in companies’ financial reports. Other studies have also shown that nonfinancial information (referred to generally as “environmental, social, and governance” (ESG) disclosure) is material to firms, depending on … Read more
The Risk Hypothesis of Shareholder Activism
By Virginia Harper Ho October 7, 2014 by Virginia Harper Ho
The following post comes to us from Virginia Harper Ho, Associate Professor of Law and Docking Faculty Scholar at the University of Kansas School of Law. It is based on her recent paper, “Shareholder Activism & the Risk Hypothesis,” which is available here.
Over the past decade, a seismic shift in U.S. corporate governance toward shareholder empowerment has occurred at the same time as new regulatory mandates focused on risk management and risk oversight. Many of these reforms have been motivated in part by the risk hypothesis of shareholder activism – the view that shareholder empowerment promotes greater corporate … Read more
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Titan Online Video Slot Game
May 7, 2019 online slots
Titanic slot is an online video slot game that was developed by Bally Technologies. The slot game is based on the 1997 film of the same name. The film is a love story set on the famous ship during its maiden voyage which also happened to be its last. The sinking of the Titanic was one of the greatest tragedies of the early 1900’s and this romantic screen adaptation was such a success it made over a billion dollars at the box office. Various video clips and famous scenes from the film are incorporated into the online slot game which also features the stars of the film, Leonardo DiCaprio and Kate Winslet.
Titanic slot has a five reel grid with thirty pay lines. There are three betting levels which represent first, second and third class tickets aboard the reels which each have their own independent symbols, mystery awards and jackpot prizes. First and second class betting levels allow for a possibility of winning any of the three progressive jackpots displayed above the reels.
Aboard the Titanic Online Slot Reels
The Titanic slot reel symbols feature the main characters Jack, Rose, Cal and Ruth as well as a variety of items found aboard the great ship. These include various drinks; cutlery; crockery and luggage amongst other items.
Titanic slot features a wild symbol that comes with multiple enhancements. This symbol is the letter T and landing alongside the Jack and rose symbol or the x2 symbol will award a 2x multiplier. The wild substitutes for all of the other symbols apart from the bonus symbols.
Titanic Slot Featured Bonus Rounds
Three of the Titan slot symbols featuring the ship itself will activate the U-Spin feature. The ships wheel will appear to spin and grant one of multiple bonus features. These include the safe feature where one of ten safes is clicked on to reveal a prize even on bingo Canada, the pickup feature which consists of selecting one tier to be awarded a multiplier or a cash prize and then a bonus mystery feature.
The Jack’s drawing bonus is the big mystery feature which is based on the well-known scene. This feature involves a scratch type game where three icons need to be matched in order to win a multiplier of up to 1500x the pay line bet.
Two Free Spin Bonus Round Features
Titanic slot features two different free spin bonus rounds. Firstly, the Heart of the Ocean free spins round requires a pick of either thirty free spins with a 1x multiplier, fifteen free spins with a 2x multiplier or ten free spins with a 3x multiplier. When this feature is triggered an award of 100x the pay line bet is also awarded. If the wild heart symbol appears during this feature then all symbols to the left and one symbol to the right of the heart symbol will become wild.
The Make it Count free spins round is the second free spins feature where ten free spins are awarded in addition to the same pay out of 100x the pay line bet. This feature includes a clock symbol which when appearing on a reel it rewards an award associated with that specific reel.
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Find a Chiropractor, Neuromuscular Treatment, Joint Manipulation, Lower-Back Pain Relief in High Point, NC 27265
Zip Code:* within: 5 miles 10 miles 25 miles 50 miles 100 miles
Specialty: - All - Chiropractic Accidents and Injuries Acute and Chronic Pain Acupuncture / Alternative Medicine Arthritis Back Pain Carpal Tunnel Syndrome Disc Herniation Fibromyalgia Foot and Ankle Injuries Headache Hip Pain Jaw Pain / TMJ Disorders Joint Pain Knee Pain Neck Pain / Whiplash Massage Therapy Nerve Pain / Sciatica Numbness / Tingling in Arms or Feet Orthopedics Pinched Nerves Posture / Balance Problems Repetitive Stress Injuries Scoliosis Shoulder / Arm / Elbow Pain Spinal Decompression Sports Injuries Upper Cervical Chiropractic Aromatherapy Chinese Herbal Medicine Cupping Dietary Therapy and Nutrition Homeopathic Medicine Lifestyle Counseling Moxibustion Naturopathic Medicine Shiatsu (Acupressure) Medical Massage Sports Massage Swedish Massage
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Chiropractor inHigh Point, NC 27265
Sort by city instead of distance
Susan S. Sykes, D.C.
Advance Chiropractic & Health Center
Susan S. Sykes, D.C., is a chiropractor located in Advance, NC. Techniques: • Clinical Kinesiology • Neuro Emotional Technique • Sacro Occipital Technique • Trigger Point Therapy • BrainCore Neurofeedback Specialties: • Full Spine • Low Force • Scoliosis • Temporomandibular Joint • Wholistic Other Services:
Advance, NC 27006
Victoria G Fonke, D.C.
High Point Chiropractic
Victoria G Fonke, D.C., is a chiropractor located in High Point, NC. Techniques: • Activator Methods • Trigger Point Therapy • Upper Cervical Take the next step and contact Dr. Victoria G Fonke, D.C., for a consultation.
AKIHITO GIDO, D.C.
AKIHITO GIDO Chiropractic Clinic
AKIHITO GIDO, D.C., is a chiropractor located in High Point, NC. Techniques: • Manual Adjusting • Motion Analysis (Palpation) Take the next step and contact Dr. AKIHITO GIDO, D.C., for a consultation.
Robert C Bailey, D.C.
Robert C Bailey Chiropractic Clinic
Robert C Bailey, D.C., is a chiropractor located in High Point, NC. Take the next step and contact Dr. Robert C Bailey, D.C., for a consultation.
Christopher Anthony, D.C.
Tri-Synergy Chiropractic
Christopher Anthony, D.C., is a chiropractor located in High Point, NC. Take the next step and contact Dr. Christopher Anthony, D.C., for a consultation.
Beth s Kennedy, D.C.
Beth s Kennedy Chiropractic Clinic
Beth s Kennedy, D.C., is a chiropractor located in High Point, NC. Techniques: • Diversified • Activator Methods • Logan Basic Take the next step and contact Dr. Beth s Kennedy, D.C., for a consultation.
James J Oerter, D.C.
James J Oerter Chiropractic Clinic
James J Oerter, D.C., is a chiropractor located in High Point, NC. Techniques: • Diversified • Logan Basic Take the next step and contact Dr. James J Oerter, D.C., for a consultation.
Clifton E Mays, D.C.
Oak Hollow Spinal Center
Clifton E Mays, D.C., is a chiropractor located in High Point, NC. Techniques: • Thompson • Activator Methods • Applied Kinesiology • Sacro Occipital Technique Take the next step and contact Dr. Clifton E Mays, D.C., for a consultation.
Eric J Nocera, D.C.
Accident, Back, and Headache Clinic
Eric J Nocera, D.C., is a chiropractor located in High Point, NC. Techniques: • Diversified Take the next step and contact Dr. Eric J Nocera, D.C., for a consultation.
Kevin S. Murray, D.C.
Kevin S. Murray Chiropractic Clinic
Kevin S. Murray, D.C., is a chiropractor located in High Point, NC. Techniques: • Active Release Technique • Cervical Drop Headpiece • Diversified • Manual Adjusting • Nimmo • Thompson • Trigger Point Therapy Take the next step and contact Dr. Kevin S. Murray, D.C., for a consultation.
Jeffrey Fricke, D.C.
Jeffrey Fricke Chiropractic Clinic
Jeffrey Fricke, D.C., is a chiropractor located in High Point, NC. Take the next step and contact Dr. Jeffrey Fricke, D.C., for a consultation.
James M Watkins III, D.C.
James M Watkins Chiropractic Clinic
James M Watkins III, D.C., is a chiropractor located in High Point, NC. Techniques: • Diversified • Gonstead • Thompson Take the next step and contact Dr. James M Watkins III, D.C., for a consultation.
David S Herrmann, D.C.
David S Herrmann Chiropractic Clinic
David S Herrmann, D.C., is a chiropractor located in High Point, NC. Take the next step and contact Dr. David S Herrmann, D.C., for a consultation.
Paul G Mac Kenzie, D.C.
Paul G Mac Kenzie Chiropractic Clinic
Paul G Mac Kenzie, D.C., is a chiropractor located in High Point, NC. Techniques: • Diversified • Activator Methods • Logan Basic Take the next step and contact Dr. Paul G Mac Kenzie, D.C., for a consultation.
Layne Bullard-Kelley, D.C.
Layne Bullard-Kelley Chiropractic Clinic
Layne Bullard-Kelley, D.C., is a chiropractor located in High Point, NC. Techniques: • Diversified • Activator Methods • Thompson • Manual Adjusting • Gonstead • Trigger Point Therapy Take the next step and contact Dr. Layne Bullard-Kelley, D.C., for a consultation.
Joseph Palladino, D.C.
Joseph Palladino Chiropractic Clinic
Joseph Palladino, D.C., is a chiropractor located in Jamestown, NC. Techniques: • Sacro Occipital Technique • Activator Methods • Diversified • Bio-Energetic Synchronization Technique • Applied Kinesiology Take the next step and contact Dr. Joseph Palladino, D.C., for a consultation.
Jamestown, NC 27282
Greg Smith, D.C.
Greg Smith Chiropractic Clinic
Greg Smith, D.C., is a chiropractor located in Jamestown, NC. Take the next step and contact Dr. Greg Smith, D.C., for a consultation.
Dean R Kenny, D.C.
Dean R Kenny Chiropractic Clinic
Dean R Kenny, D.C., is a chiropractor located in High Point, NC. Techniques: • Diversified Take the next step and contact Dr. Dean R Kenny, D.C., for a consultation.
Stephen Penrod, D.C.
Stephen Penrod Chiropractic Clinic
Stephen Penrod, D.C., is a chiropractor located in High Point, NC. Techniques: • Diversified Take the next step and contact Dr. Stephen Penrod, D.C., for a consultation.
Bob Stroud Jr, D.C.
Bob Stroud Chiropractic Clinic
Bob Stroud Jr, D.C., is a chiropractor located in Archdale, NC. Techniques: • Diversified • Cox • Nimmo Take the next step and contact Dr. Bob Stroud Jr, D.C., for a consultation.
Archdale, NC 27263
Tyler Earnst, D.C.
Earnst Clinic
Tyler Earnst, D.C., is a chiropractor located in Archdale, NC. Techniques: • Activator Methods • Diversified • Flexion-Distraction Take the next step and contact Dr. Tyler Earnst, D.C., for a consultation.
Dennis Cronin, D.C.
Dennis Cronin Chiropractic Clinic
Dennis Cronin, D.C., is a chiropractor located in Greensboro, NC. Techniques: • Diversified Take the next step and contact Dr. Dennis Cronin, D.C., for a consultation.
Marc Williams, D.C.
Marc Williams Chiropractic Clinic
Marc Williams, D.C., is a chiropractor located in Greensboro, NC. Take the next step and contact Dr. Marc Williams, D.C., for a consultation.
Aaron M Williams, D.C.
Aaron M Williams Chiropractic Clinic
Aaron M Williams, D.C., is a chiropractor located in Greensboro, NC. Take the next step and contact Dr. Aaron M Williams, D.C., for a consultation.
Ingrid Rodriguez, D.C.
Ingrid Rodriguez Chiropractic Clinic
Ingrid Rodriguez, D.C., is a chiropractor located in Greensboro, NC. Take the next step and contact Dr. Ingrid Rodriguez, D.C., for a consultation.
Steve Willen, D.C.
Steve Willen Chiropractic Clinic
Steve Willen, D.C., is a chiropractor located in Greensboro, NC. Techniques: • Diversified • Activator Methods • Applied Kinesiology Take the next step and contact Dr. Steve Willen, D.C., for a consultation.
Roosevelt Smith, D.C.
Advanced Integrated Medicine
Roosevelt Smith, D.C., is a chiropractor located in Greensboro, NC. Techniques: • Diversified • Sacro Occipital Technique • Activator Methods • Thompson • Manual Adjusting • Active Release Technique Take the next step and contact Dr. Roosevelt Smith, D.C., for a consultation.
Thomas L Blake, D.C.
Thomas L Blake Chiropractic Clinic
Thomas L Blake, D.C., is a chiropractor located in Greensboro, NC. Take the next step and contact Dr. Thomas L Blake, D.C., for a consultation.
Gary McKeel, D.C.
Gary McKeel Chiropractic Clinic
Gary McKeel, D.C., is a chiropractor located in Greensboro, NC. Techniques: • Diversified • Activator Methods • Applied Kinesiology Take the next step and contact Dr. Gary McKeel, D.C., for a consultation.
Cindy Nykamp, D.C.
Cindy Nykamp Chiropractic Clinic
Cindy Nykamp, D.C., is a chiropractor located in Greensboro, NC. Techniques: • Cox • Gonstead • Sacro Occipital Technique • Thompson • Diversified Take the next step and contact Dr. Cindy Nykamp, D.C., for a consultation.
Kathy A Michel, D.C.
Kathy A Michel Chiropractic Clinic
Kathy A Michel, D.C., is a chiropractor located in Greensboro, NC. Techniques: • Activator Methods • Diversified Take the next step and contact Dr. Kathy A Michel, D.C., for a consultation.
Gary W Mc Keel, D.C.
Gary W Mc Keel Chiropractic Clinic
Gary W Mc Keel, D.C., is a chiropractor located in Greensboro, NC. Take the next step and contact Dr. Gary W Mc Keel, D.C., for a consultation.
Mitchell D. Evans, D.C.
Chiropractic Spine & Sports
Mitchell D. Evans, D.C., is a chiropractor located in Greensboro, NC. Techniques: • Flexion-Distraction • Active Release Technique • Diversified • Soft Tissue Orthopedics • Cox • Trigger Point Therapy Take the next step and contact Dr. Mitchell D. Evans, D.C., for a consultation.
Jeff Lissenden, D.C.
Alternative Health Clinic
Jeff Lissenden, D.C., is a chiropractor located in Greensboro, NC. Take the next step and contact Dr. Jeff Lissenden, D.C., for a consultation.
W P Hollar, D.C.
W P Hollar Chiropractic Clinic
W P Hollar, D.C., is a chiropractor located in Kernersville, NC. Techniques: • Diversified • Activator Methods Take the next step and contact Dr. W P Hollar, D.C., for a consultation.
David D Parks, D.C.
Parks Chiropractic Clinic
David D Parks, D.C., is a chiropractor located in Kernersville, NC. Techniques: • Diversified • Activator Methods • Thompson • Flexion-Distraction Take the next step and contact Dr. David D Parks, D.C., for a consultation.
Darian L Smith, D.C.
Darian L Smith Chiropractic Clinic
Darian L Smith, D.C., is a chiropractor located in Kernersville, NC. Take the next step and contact Dr. Darian L Smith, D.C., for a consultation.
Gary Barger, D.C.
Gary Barger Chiropractic Clinic
Gary Barger, D.C., is a chiropractor located in Kernersville, NC. Take the next step and contact Dr. Gary Barger, D.C., for a consultation.
Terrence Cronin, D.C.
Terrence Cronin Chiropractic Clinic
Terrence Cronin, D.C., is a chiropractor located in Kernersville, NC. Techniques: • Diversified • Gonstead Take the next step and contact Dr. Terrence Cronin, D.C., for a consultation.
Russell D Edgar, D.C.
Russell D Edgar Chiropractic Clinic
Russell D Edgar, D.C., is a chiropractor located in Kernersville, NC. Take the next step and contact Dr. Russell D Edgar, D.C., for a consultation.
Larry W Grosman, D.C.
Grosman Chiropractic Clinic
Larry W Grosman, D.C., is a chiropractor located in Greensboro, NC. Techniques: • Diversified • Cox • Pro-Adjuster Technology Take the next step and contact Dr. Larry W Grosman, D.C., for a consultation.
Colin R Caddell, D.C.
Colin R Caddell Chiropractic Clinic
Colin R Caddell, D.C., is a chiropractor located in Greensboro, NC. Techniques: • Diversified • Logan Basic • Directional Non-Force Technique Take the next step and contact Dr. Colin R Caddell, D.C., for a consultation.
Thomas A Monaghan, D.C.
Thomas A Monaghan Chiropractic Clinic
Thomas A Monaghan, D.C., is a chiropractor located in Greensboro, NC. Techniques: • Thompson • Cox • Diversified Take the next step and contact Dr. Thomas A Monaghan, D.C., for a consultation.
Jennifer G Leerkes, D.C.
Leerkes Chiropractic Clinic
Jennifer G Leerkes, D.C., is a chiropractor located in Greensboro, NC. Techniques: • Diversified • Active Release Technique • Logan Basic • Sacro Occipital Technique • Activator Methods • Gonstead • Webster Take the next step and contact Dr. Jennifer G Leerkes, D.C., for a consultation.
Daniel J Fonke, D.C.
Daniel J Fonke, D.C., is a chiropractor located in Greensboro, NC. Techniques: • Activator Methods • Upper Cervical • Trigger Point Therapy Take the next step and contact Dr. Daniel J Fonke, D.C., for a consultation.
Kathleen Nazar, D.C.
Kathleen Nazar Chiropractic Clinic
Kathleen Nazar, D.C., is a chiropractor located in Greensboro, NC. Techniques: • Thompson • Diversified • Applied Kinesiology • Sacro Occipital Technique • Activator Methods Take the next step and contact Dr. Kathleen Nazar, D.C., for a consultation.
Dean E Meylor, D.C.
Dean E Meylor Chiropractic Clinic
Dean E Meylor, D.C., is a chiropractor located in Greensboro, NC. Take the next step and contact Dr. Dean E Meylor, D.C., for a consultation.
Cassandra Loeffler, D.C.
Cassandra Loeffler Chiropractic Clinic
Cassandra Loeffler, D.C., is a chiropractor located in Thomasville, NC. Take the next step and contact Dr. Cassandra Loeffler, D.C., for a consultation.
Rick H Jackson, D.C.
Rick H Jackson Chiropractic Clinic
Rick H Jackson, D.C., is a chiropractor located in Thomasville, NC. Techniques: • Diversified Take the next step and contact Dr. Rick H Jackson, D.C., for a consultation.
David Herrmann, D.C.
David Herrmann Chiropractic Clinic
David Herrmann, D.C., is a chiropractor located in Thomasville, NC. Techniques: • Palmer Package Take the next step and contact Dr. David Herrmann, D.C., for a consultation.
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Facing disaster fatigue
“The Might Niush!” says that recessions, bombardment in the news about people actually being bombarded in other parts of the world, he is feeling totally exhausted and having existential angst, with no reprieve in sight. Add to this troubled cauldron, one natural disaster after another and we have yet another a new term for our millennial malaise: disaster fatigue. He agrees that these destructive events are often followed by equally destructive man-made disasters, as has been in Japan with the high-level radiation leaks from its nuclear reactors and teetering on the precipice of a possible meltdown.
We remember our Christadelphian brothers and sisters who had to face the problems of the 2001: Gujarat earthquake, India-19,700 deaths. The number of deaths, injuries and displaced people, not to mention economic and structural damage seems vastly disproportionate in developing countries.
Diagram demonstrating the nuclear fuel cycle
Humans are a special breed. They want to have an oar in everyman’s boat, but they cut a lot dead and do nt look beyond their own nose. Fukushima, Mon Amour is about the love to be the superior race. Hominum mankind having the idea that he is the strongest, the smartest and untouchable. they often do not want to see that the casualty and damages sustained could have been minimized had appropriate infrastructures (i.e. roads, digs, damns, river banks, bridges) been maintained and upgraded regularly, and had emergency supplies and relief management been effectively delegated.
Lots of disasters are also quickly muffled away in the non-remember storeroom of the brains. Yes they have a amnesia prone collective memory and are not liking to be reminded to previous disasters of their own fault, like in 1287, December 14, The Zuider Zee seawall collapsing with the loss of 50,000 lives. In 1190 we could find already a disaster in the history of human attitude. On March 17, crusaders completed the massacre of Jews of York, England. What was the hand of the people themselve not listening to hygienic rules in 1630 causing 16,000 inhabitants of Venice died of plague. sometimes even one person stood at the cause of the disaster, an in 1648 when on July 22, some 10,000 Jews of Polannoe were murdered in a massacre led by Cossack Bogdan Chmielnicki (55). At other times it was just because people want to play with fire. 1769 Aug 18, Gunpowder in Brescia, Italy, church exploded and some 3,000 were killed. and they did not want to learn from previous disasters, 1881-1919 Some 59 laborers, mostly Chinese immigrants, were killed in explosions at the California Powder Works in Hercules. 1917, February 20, Ammunitions ship exploded in Archangel harbor, Russia, and about 1,500 died. The Imo, a Norwegian freighter ship, had collided on December the 6th, 1917, in Nova Scotia with the French munitions ship Mont Blanc and a fire soon caused a massive explosion. Some 2000 people were killed and thousands wounded following an explosion in Halifax harbor. 1918, May 18, a TNT explosion in chemical factory in Oakdale, PA, killed 200. 1956, July 7, seven Army trucks loaded with dynamite exploded in middle of Cali, Columbia, killing 1,100-1,200. 2000 buildings were destroyed.
Other disasters came over other human because men wanted to conquer and rule over others, like in 1804 in Haiti when on March 29, thousands of whites were massacred. In 1972 the Tutsi-led government in Burundi killed some 100,000 Hutus.
Even when people thought they could make something un-destroyable they had to face the consequences of their pretensions. The “New Era”, an emigrant ship of 1328 tons, built in Bath, Maine, on her first voyage. She sailed on September 28 1854 and was nearly two months on the way. There were 425 on board, nearly all German. 40 were lost on the trip from cholera. There were 385 passengers and crew when the ship struck. 163 were saved. In the 19° Century masses of ship sank. The luxury liner RMS Titanic, the largest passenger ship at that time being its Dimensions: Length (L) 839 Feet Beam (width) 85 feet, Draught (b / water) 46 Ft, which never could sink, sank 1912, April 15, in the North Atlantic Ocean off Newfoundland with the loss of about 1,522 lives. Some claim there was wealth discrimination as the lifeboats were loaded, which shows again the human nature of selfishness and causing extra suffering. (In Denver, the anarchist Emma Goldman wrote “Suffrage Dealt a Blow by Women of the Titanic”. If women wanted to be treated as equals they must, she argued, take their chances like men.)
1915 May 7, In the 2nd year of WWI, the British Cunard ocean liner Lusitania, on a voyage from New York to Liverpool, sank off the coast of Ireland in only 18-21 minutes after being struck by a torpedo fired by the German U-boat U-20. Of 1,959 [1,978] passengers and crew, 1,195 died.
Often people also forget the casual accidents which bring suffering to many. The 20,000 children who died in the 1920s in auto accidents are nothing to the amount which find their death today, or are injured for life.
People could also not bare to have respect for the animals, which they considered inferior. 1872-1874 More than 4 million buffalo were killed by white hunters. And for the profit gaining industry they are not concerned about neither people having to do the dirty work, nor about the the outcome os their productioproces. 1984 December 3, more than 4,000 people died and 200,000 were injured after a gas escaped from a pesticide plant operated by a Union Carbide subsidiary in Bhopal, India. 40 tons of vaporous methyl isocyanate, hydrogen cyanide, monomethyl amine, carbon monoxide and possibly 20 other chemicals were released after an explosion. Over the years, according to the Indian government, some 15,000 people have died from effects of the gas.
Thorah scroll and Bible
It is not only the Islam that says as Earth Day and Islam(socyberty.com) that the the safe keeping of nature has long been the duty of human. Several holy books of many religions admonish their people to take proper care of their environment. That we read in the Holy Quran ” Corruption has appeared throughout the land and sea by [reason of] what the hands of people have earned so He may let them taste part of [the consequence of] what they have done that perhaps they will return [to righteousness]” (30:41) lets us remind of several situations of the Old Testament where disasters like the one which came over Moab. The people of Moab had enjoyed prosperity and security. Their land was fertile and they received more rain. They were at ease. Nebo got ruined, Kiriathaim, the stronghold, disgraced and captured. (Jeremiah 48)
The Scriptures portray suffering as a consequence of sin: not necessarily the sin of the individual who suffers, but sin in the history of man and in human society. It are we who have been destroying every natural resources that God created. Problem with man is that he is so cocksure that he can do whatever he wants and that he is stronger then nature. They assume that they are allowed to use all the resources but they forget that the Creator allowed it to be used with good management and never to enrich our greed. In Islam, as in Judaism and in Christianity, the destruction of natural resources is a sin. The problem has always been that man thought he could pleases and was never afraid of sins. Therefore for the destruction we have caused, we are now receiving the consequence which we call natural disaster or in the worst case several believers call an act of God. But it is not God who interferes with the ‘besognes’ or affairs of men. The Bible teaching is that men are left to their own ways and the working of natural law, though there may be times when natural disaster is divinely directed as a judgement upon man and for the cleansing of the earth. The outstanding example is the flood in the days of Noah.
In many verse of Holy Scriptures (Torah, Bible, Quran) we can find that humans are allowed to use the resources that Allah has created. But human never can save himself from greed and because of this human destroyed every creation that God created on earth. “And He gave you from all you asked of Him. And if you should count the favour of Allah , you could not enumerate them. Indeed, mankind is [generally] most unjust and ungrateful.” (14:34) In this verse it shows Allah as the All Knowing proclaim that human are most unjust and ungrateful of what he has been given.
As people who honour God we have to make sure that also the other inhabitants of the world shal get to see the importance of protecting the Earth. As humans and creations of God we should be thankful and should proceed with caution, proving that we love not for a day but for as long as there’s sun and moon and that we can keep our duty as caretaker of God’s creation. Though we know that often warnings are to no avail we have to keep continuing to give signs and reminders. “Climate change advocates have long warned us of the acceleration of natural disasters on our planet. Sadly this has, by and large, been ignored. They have been dismissed by a slew of political, religious and special interest groups with “megaphonic” media ties to convince the general public otherwise. As per usual, profit, facilitated by the ignorance of the masses, is the root of it. Oil, nuclear, arms and unscrupulous development investors have too much at stake to loose out to floods, hurricanes, earthquakes or tsunamis. But it’s kind of hard to ignore Mother Nature; even harder in an era of instant communication.” says “The Might Niush!”
As bad as it may sound, all those disasters can also bring something good. The working of God with man must in its nature be individual: only the man who suffers can gain this as a personal experience. By facing the many problems he can become stronger by conquering them and defeat his fear.
Disasters are devastating to the natural and man-made environment
Sometimes the world has to be shaken awake so that it can think about the way it is going. The Japan nuclear disaster, with Chernobyl in the remembrance brought hope for those who warned the world already for years to look for a safe provision of energy. The ‘environmental’ issue can be tackled now. Ergo, nuclear power is bad for ‘the environment’ and should be replaced with ‘clean, renewable power’ like windmills and solar panels. but strangely enough, nature being stronger than men, the sum effect for the flora and fauna in the highly radioactive, restricted zone of Chernobyl has been overwhelmingly positive in favor of biodiversity and abundance of individuals.
Of course, this is not to say that radiation in and of itself somehow benefits wildlife. What brings the big boon to biodiversity is the removal of humans from the equation. Baker and Chesser reported frequent sightings of moose, deer, foxes, wild boar and river otters inside the 30-kilometre Chernobyl exclusion zone – whereas in the still-cultivated area outside the zone, the only wildlife they saw was a single rabbit. The researchers concluded: “the benefit of excluding humans from this highly contaminated ecosystem appears to outweigh significantly any negative cost associated with Chornobyl radiation” and that “… typical human activity (industrialization, farming, cattle raising, collection of firewood, hunting, etc.) is more devastating to biodiversity and abundance of local flora and fauna than is the worst nuclear power plant disaster.” (How a nuclear disaster can be good for ecology) The zones humans consider dead are often not as dead as they think. Gods creation is wonderful and goes above our imagination. We even do not yet know all the animals, plants and stars that exist today. But we may not make the mistake that those animals going in those regions would not have any problems. The radiation continues and destroys. The new habitants cannot escape the problem, several animals would die earlier than their normal lifespan.
After a disaster people can find themselves united. Often they grow closer and they feel the bond much more. Several people can also do a lot of good work and give others a revived spirit to continue living. After a near-death experience a lot of those people start living their ‘new’ life in a total different way.
Even economist look bright when the see how when a stricken country as Japan begins the long, arduous process of rebuilding homes, factories and shops, demand for construction goods such as lumber could soar. This shall give some countries the possibility to export more goods to Japan and bring the import of it into balance. Also Tourism operators could take a big hit in the short term, because you’ll find always the disaster-tourists, and people who sincerely found more interest in this for them otherwise not known country.
Certain disasters make it that new products are created, like for example the HTI HydroPack. (It is like an empty Capri Sun pouch with powdered nutrients inside. But it’s really a filter you can drop in any water source—a swimming pool, a mud puddle, a contaminated aquifer—and eight to twelve hours later the pack has filled itself with potable, fortified water.) It can give reason to people to think harder and to find other solutions. In case of Japan e.g. looking for other alternatives then nuclear power.
Having looked at the recent natural disasters around the world we can say that those who ponder whether these occurrences could be judgements from God that we may reassure that it is no punishment from God coming down upon them. God shall judge humanity in a later phase because of its increasing immorality. we may calm them down and ensure them that God is not sending these calamities as punishment for our rebellion against Him.
Because men choose to go his own way and God allowed him to, because He the Creator, to whom full authority belongs, did not want to be a dictator. The standard, for living a complete life, God has given us is also not liked by many men. Lots of people refuse to keep to those simple standard rules which would make life much more easier.
The Satan prowling the earth is the evil around us, which we can encounter every day.
We should be stronger then all the temptations around us. As Job who shunned evil and even was blameless we should fear God not for what happens today, but for what is going to come at the End Times and at Judgement Day. We should try to find out what our knows our weaknesses and our strengths are and should work on it so that we can become like Christ Jesus.
We also should point out to the world that Planet Earth has to face attacks from Civilisations who do not want to recognise Jehovah God as their creator. In case we can convince others also to live according to the Law of God a lot of problems who have been dismissed.
There does not exist some creatures who would be Fallen Angels and can be called responsible for the problems of this earth. We ourselves are the ones to blame.
Thanks to Timeline of Disasters and Tragedies for the ease of presenting the historical events on handy timetables.
The Bible answer on terrorist attacks, wars, political unrest and instability, famine, social discontent and ecological chaos
Can Belfast’s Titanic Celebrations Ease the City’s Shame? (time.com) Though the ship made be build by the highest standards of safety it was the human pride who lost the battle. Often with disasters is that at first they attract a lot of attention and later the subject becomes avoided. The fact that the Titanic was a feat of engineering is often overshadowed by the ship’s terrible end. For many years after the sinking, the fate of the Titanicwas a taboo subject in the city where she was built. (See new images of the Titanic‘s wreckage.) The centenary of the launch of this incredible ship is an opportunity to place it in the history but also to recognise the tremendous realizations. To say it was that one simple oversight, having 2,201 people on board, the Titanic had only enough lifeboat capacity for 1,178, that ultimately turned the Titanicfrom the greatest ship in the world to a byword for disaster is over simplifying it.
Japan/Disasters : Over 90,000 people remain displaced as a result of the twin disasters in March. (theboldcorsicanflame.wordpress.com) as in Haiti and with the Indonesian tsunami of 2004 we can see that after some time not much was solved and a lot of people let in the cold. Though many countries in the Indian Ocean like India, Thailand and Sri Lanka were affected the consequence of tsunami on Indonesia was incredibly high. Certain groups were happy then that the only silver lining of this event was that the oil and gas sector was not damaged severely which is the main base of Indonesian economy. This shows were the heart of many people is.
All the debris that needs to be cleared in the disaster-hit areas can stay there for many years, as we see in the hit areas.
Not only the Fukushima disaster should be forcing a lot more people in Japan and the rest of the world to think a lot more deeply about the way their society operates.
Facing disaster fatigue (christadelphians.wordpress.com)
Answers in Times of Great Disaster (pttyann2.wordpress.com)
A look at the the biblical truths we do know with absolute certainty which allow us to trust the Lord even in times of great suffering.
Self inflicted misery #1 The root by man starts a series in which we look how man causes a lot of pain to himself and others, but how God has offered a solution to the problem.
June 16, 2011 July 19, 2011 ChristadelphiansEndtimes, Holy Scriptures, News and Politics, Satan and Evil, Suffering, WorldAccident, Allah, Atlantic Ocean, Belfast, Bible teaching, Biodiversity, California, California Powder Works, caution, Chernobyl, Christendom and Christianity, Civilisation, Creator, damage, Destruction, Disaster, Disaster Relief and Recovery, Ecological chaos, Economy, Environment, Fauna, Fear, Flora, Fukushima, God, Gujarat, History, Holy Scriptures, Ignorance, India, Indonesia, Islam, Japan, Jews, Judaism, lifeboat, Mankind, Maritime, Massacre, Memory, Mont Blanc, Mother Nature, Natural disaster, Natural Disasters and Hazards, Nature, Near-Death Experience, Nuclear disaster, Oakdale Pennsylvania, Ocean Liners, Philanthropy, Planet Earth, Plant, political unrest, Qur'an, RMS Titanic, Selfishness, Ship, Thorah, Titanic, Torah, tourism, Tsunami, United States
25 thoughts on “Facing disaster fatigue”
Facing disaster fatigue « Christadelphian Ecclesia | Recent Disasters
[…] often overshadowed by the ship's terrible end. … … Go here to see the original: Facing disaster fatigue « Christadelphian Ecclesia ← Scrambling for reactor manual, borrowing equipment: Report shows Japan nuke plant […]
Self inflicted misery #1 The root by man « Christadelphian Ecclesia
[…] Facing disaster fatigue shows how now we are becoming closer to the Endtimes the problems are going to expand. One natural disaster after another coming over the people of this world who seem to have lost control of a lot of things, living more and more without any ethics. […]
Men as God | Marcus' s Space
[…] Facing disaster fatigue […]
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Jerry Newcombe of Truth in Action Ministries can’t help but feeling that to some extent, The United States of America is reaping what they’ve been sowing as a society.
In one way he may be right, but in an other he may be totally wrong by pointing his damning finger to for him too liberal Christians.
Everywhere in the capitalist countries we have seen a move of people’s attitude considering belief, worship and their relationship with God. In many, so called civilised places, the citizens said to God, “Get out of the public arena.” but they also often said: “Get out of my life.”
Lots of people are not interested any more in good customs and traditions about decent morals. Ethics are far away to look for. Nobody looks up any more if some one offends common or public decency. The decorum has just become some scenery of the older generation. The younger ones do think you are not with time if you do not change partners regularly to have some good fun. Love has got a physical meaning instead of a psychological relation.
A Ten Commandments monument which includes the command to “Remember the Sabbath day, to keep it holy”. (Photo credit: Wikipedia)
But some of those who do not mind to watch certain television shows of lesser quality and movies with a lot of, all sorts of, violence, do mind when tradition are disputed. In the States we, for example, notice they do mind that the government would take away the morning tradition of greeting the flag and praying all together.
Jerry Newcombe said: “I’ll never forget what an Alabama black pastor said to me one time when I interviewed him about Judge Roy Moore, the Ten Commandments judge. He said: “All across America people should stand with Judge Moore about the Ten Commandments. Why? Because when they took prayer out of school, you didn’t hear about kids killing each other, about them bringing dope to school, shooting the teachers, you didn’t hear about that. You see what I’m saying? That’s what’s wrong. We need more God-fearing.”
Does he really belief that in those countries where they say no prayers before the classes start, people are shooting at each other like nothing. No they do not in such countries, as in Belgium, because they do not allow weapons to be carried in those countries, while in the States lots of people do think they can’t defend themselves without something that can kill the other person. Are they not able to find other weapons that can not kill peoples or animals, to defend themselves, if they are not able to do it with words or with body language?
Also lots of Christians do not keep the Sabbath, though they find it important to have it engraved in stone before them so that they should not forget?
Do they forget in those states that Jesus demanded his pupils not to take up any weapon? Jesus Christ, the Messiah, even mended the ear of the person who was going to bring him closer to death.
Newcombe argues that the founders gave the American people a system where voluntary God-fearing was the underpinning of civility in society. “The more internal restraints people have, the less need they have for external restraints. (And the converse is true.) That’s why I can’t understand the ongoing crusade of those who want to remove any vestige of Judeo-Christian in the public arena. All they’re doing is making everything worse for everyone else.”
But they forget that we do not have to throw away certain Judeo-Christian values to be democratic and respective for people of other faiths or non believers. Those who have a believe, Advaïta, Animism, Asatru, Buddhism, Confusianism, Christianism (inclusive Gnostic), Haptonom, Hindu, Ikwanism, Jainism, Ikwanism, Kabbalism, Legalism, Manichaeïsm, Mazdaznan, Miticcism, Mithraism, Muslim, Non-thitics, Occultism, Paganism, Pantheism, Platonism, Satanism, Shintoism, Sikhism, Taoism, Theosophism, Universalism, Wicca, just to name the most important wones we encounter in our communities, in a democratic system, should be free to live according to their believes, but should also know they should never impose their believe to others.
Freedom (Photo credit: sacrifice_87)
Freedom means respecting the freedom of the other. When two or more people are together they should know and respect that they could have more than one opinion.
A State wanting Freedom, should take care that such freedom can be guaranteed to everybody living in that community. Therefore they should look to the common values and should take care nobody in that society can get hurt, physically or psychologically. They should also take care that no professional organisations could make use of certain systems to enrich themselves on others. (Think of private insurance companies who could misuse their power, by setting somebody out of the policy-protection when he has become too ill or too old.)
For that reason it is also better custody is taken by the government to provide a safety net or at least some security, so that those who are less fortunate in life can be helped. That is a matter or loving your neighbour: willing to provide also for him or her when he is in trouble.
George Washington may have highlighted the source of morality: “Whatever may be conceded to the influence of refined education on minds of peculiar structure, reason and experience both forbid us to expect that national morality can prevail in exclusion of religious principle.” This is one very important element in the choices we want to make: Morality. But that has nothing to do with carrying weapons or having to impose those who believe something different to act and do the same worship. Worshipping belongs in your own environment. In your own house you can pray, in a public place you can pray, in a special provided building, like a church or temple you may pray, but nobody should force any body to pray with him. Prayingshould be free to all. And everybody should be free to pray thea way they want to do it. If they prefer doing this kneeling, so let them do it; if they prefer it standing up arms wide open, let them do it; if they prefer to dance and sing, let them do it, but before all let them never disturb or offend others with it.
The controversial Ten Commandments display at the Texas State Capitol. (Photo credit: Wikipedia)
In case a government would like to have prayers said in school, before class starts, which prayers and which songs are they going to enforce on all those present (atheists, Christians, Jews, Muslim and others)? Best is that State and religion are totally split. Religion is something persona and can and may not imposed on somebody else without his free will.
Imagine for example that Mitt Romney wins the election and agrees that the flag shall be greeted before the classes start, and that everybody joins in with singing and praying, after having listened to a reading out of the Book of Mormon. Because as president elected by the people they have chosen to follow his wisdom. And the Christian brothers of Romney who would be very pleased to see polygamy at last allowed by legislation, would demand him to get the Mormon prayers said before every action taken in public.
Are the Americans going to stay to ignore the religions of the native Americans, or are they going to introduce their religion as the frame to follow in the National educational system?
Many Native Americans would agree that the American people have gone far away from their gods and therefore have become so bad. Because in their religion there is the focus around nature, and around having unity in the family. Today there is not much unity to find in the many divorced families everywhere in the capitalist countries. They did not focus on ‘having’ and owning’ but knew that they were blessed by being able to be a part of this universe. They know that they are tenants of this system, while many Christians forgot that as a leaseholder of this world they should have respect for everything and for everything in the Creation of God.
Peyote’s illegal status in the United States prevents many non-Indians from participating in peyote ceremonies and becoming members of specific tribal religions.
The landscape, animals, plants, and other environmental elements play a major role in the religion of Native Americans. Many of the legends passed down were an attempt to explain events that occurred in nature. are the modern Americans wiling to accept Native American religion in their midst? Is Romney to include a number of practices, ceremonies, and traditions in the schools and in public ceremonies?
Are the voters for having the Catholic or other Christian symbols prepared to allow the symbols of the original American population? Are the modern Americans willing to accept that as Christian celebration are kept also native ceremonies can be brought publicly in honour of a number of events? The practice of taking certain hallucinogens was commonly used to gain greater insight or communicate with the gods, so would it be reasonable than to legalise such drugs? Are is one community saying to an other one that they may not come in communication with their god? Ceremonies may include feasts, music, dances, and other performances. All believers should do that in theri own environment but leaving it open to others to join in or to be a guest.
But the same as the original American population, the native Indians cannot demand of the others to join their festivities and worshipping, the others have even lesser right to demand such a thing in a land that they conquered and took away from those natives. Also they may not demand it from others whose ancestors just fled those chains of different sorts of religions and political systems.
The American Indian Religious Freedom Act is a United States Federal Law and a joint resolution of Congress that provides protection for tribal culture and traditional religious rights such as access to sacred sites, freedom to worship through traditional ceremony, and use and possession of sacred objects for American Indians, Eskimos, Aleuts, and Native Hawaiians. It was passed on August 11, 1978.
Why should the Ten Commandments or the Mozaic Law be displayed in a public place, or why can it not be displayed? Everybody living in a free community should have respect for other believers, history and tradition, and for the majority in the community. In case a community wants to set up a monument or a stone resembling the Ten Commandments, this should be possible. Having them place in a house of justice this could be a way to remind people of certain values to which many people would like to hold on. There should be no ‘No’ against letting others know values behind which one can find themselves. But by placing certain symbols in public places one should also accept symbols of other beliefs to be placed on those premisses as well. How much do the Americans accept the symbols, actions, monuments of the Native Americans? In the first place should they not have first priority to bring on their totems, symbols, way of worship, in public? They were the inhabitants of the land which was conquered by the white Europeans. Would it be right that those white Europeans keep imposing their tradition on this native folk? Is that the idea of liberty where they want to stand for: “You may be free, but this means that you only do and say and think as we do say and command you to think”?
All the people in the United States should remember why they forefathers left the Old Country. They should be glad their ancestors dared to take such a dangerous trip, and be proud for what they could establish. But they should never forget the dream so many of those ex-Europeans had to go to a place where they could be free, meaning not bounded.
Today it looks like you have many Americans who are afraid and are against new laws which would bring more equality and more recognition of other cultures and attitudes. Today so many fight against those people who want to continue in the line of their ancestors their dreams to bring more freedom for Everybody, and not just for a few rich or lucky people.
In America’s early years, a “future state of rewards and punishment” was an important concept, but nothing says this has to be thrown away. What we have noticed the last few years is that it was the plebs wanting to do whatever it wanted to do, and the rich trying to make more money no matter what the consequences where for others. The loss of values, moral, ethics and respect for the environment (human, animal and plant), that has caused the humans to be derailed.
Common Decency (Photo credit: Burns!)
Though we as believers, may never think that others do not have values or ethics, we may not think we are superior to them. In all sorts of folks there where some rules which made living together possible. All cultures have certain values. But what we can notice is that by the Christian population a lot got far away from the teacher, they are supposed to follow, his teachings. Instead of looking in their own bosom they want to put the problem by the other ones.
Instead of striving division among themselves they should have concentrated more on getting the flock to keep to the Ten Commandments of God. Instead of blaming others we should all acknowledge blame.
It is high time to search one’s own heart and to get a clean conscience.
Making a free country implies that there is the will to open everything up for others and to give them freedom to believe their own things, but whit the promise that the other person also allows the other the same freedom.
That freedom does not mean everybody can just do as he likes, because they there would be an infringement on the other. It also does not have to mean that everything has to go unpunished. Punishment and discipline are necessary to lead everything in good order.
Those who call themselves Christian should know that we are blessed to have the Holy Scriptures to give us guidance and to teach us how to go through this life and how to win the race. We should make more use of those Scriptures to teach our own flock and those people around us.
“But you, stay in what you have learned and trusted, having known from whom you have learned, and that from a babe you have known the Set-apart Scriptures, which are able to make you wise for deliverance through belief in Messiah יהושע{Jeshua}. All Scripture is breathed by Elohim and profitable for teaching, for reproof, for setting straight, for instruction in righteousness, that the man of Elohim might be fitted, equipped for every good work. ” (2 Timothy 3:14-17 The Scriptures 1998+)
“The proverbs of Shelomoh son of Dawidsovereign of Yisra’For knowing wisdom and discipline, For understanding the words of understanding, For receiving the discipline of wisdom, Righteousness, right-ruling, and straightness; For giving insight to the simple, Knowledge and discretion to the young. The wise one hears and increases learning, And the understanding one gets wise counsel, For understanding a proverb and a figure, The words of the wise and their riddles. The fear of יהוה {Jehovah}is the beginning of knowledge {1}; Fools despise wisdom and discipline. {Footnote: 1See 9:10, Ps. 111:10}. ” (Proverbs 1:1-7 The Scriptures 1998+)
Those who know wisdom and instruction should take care that from the beginning, when the children are small, they shall get used to discipline and learn to have respect for everything around them. This has to happen at home in the first place. And it is because so many children did not learn such things any more that when they became adult they were not keeping to those values any more. The education system wanting to have enough pupils and by that enough money to stay in existence offered certain values and ways of discipline to keep their students. Often under pressure of parents discipline was loosened and teachers were not allow to punish any more. To say now that it are the liberal Christians who are at fault is not justified. The parents and that generation who prefered to have it easy are at fault. Life is just not easy. We do have toe learn by falling and getting up.
Because not all parents can provide enough possibilities the State (government) has to take care that everybody shall be able to receive proper education. And that education should be free of any bias, giving the proper values to give the opportunity for everybody to be respected in the whole community. Either the State could choose to provide moral or educational courses as an option or people should take care of that extra education themselves, as in previous days in the Sunday school. In how many Christian countries are there still Sunday schools, and people going to it regularly?
“The heart is crooked{1} above all, and desperately sick – who shall know it? {Footnote: 1See 7:24, 16:12, 18:12, 23:17}. ” (Jeremiah 17:9 The Scriptures 1998+)
The community should take care that nobody can be deceived and has the opportunity to know wisdom and instruction, to discern the words of understanding, to receive instruction in wise dealing, in righteousness and justice and equity, to give prudence to the simple, to the young man knowledge and discretion, that the wise man may hear, and increase in learning, and that the man of understanding may attain to sound counsels, to understand a proverb, and a figure, the words of the wise, and their dark sayings.
The fear of God of many should have them taking on the right attitude, so that they can become an example to follow. In such an instance no atheist or different believer would mind following that right attitude. Though we must always remember that whatever is done, the foolish always shall despise wisdom and instruction.
Putting up no boarders, or reasons why not to attend a school; like being Catholic, Protestant or of an other denomination, the government should provide schools with the rightly trained teachers, who keep to the values and moral of the majority, but allowing also further private schools which can or should be able to provide education in the way they self prefer. So in case they want to learn creationism, it can be presented in a private school as long they learn also biology and history. But to ask to have such a teaching for everybody can not be demanded. What can be proposed is that it also becomes a subject which can be chosen to follow. By letting to choose subject everybody can stay free either to follow such a course or to ignore it. For praying in such or such way, also can be done in the appropriate class, be it a conservative or liberal Jewish teaching or a classic or more progressive Christian teaching, or even an Islam class.
The world has to recognise it has a multicultural population and that there is a globalisation which we have to follow. We all have to grow to one united people.
It is very strange that when Osama bin Laden was finally killed in May 2011, a CNN/Opinion Research Corporation poll released that 61 percent of the public thought he went to Hell, as a place of torture for ever, that so many Americans do live a live which gives the impression it does not matter what they do. They even are not afraid of the impression of them, what they would leave behind. But it is know and not after life they have to prove themselves. It is also know, in this live that they and we should take care to be ready to be able to enter the Kingdom of God. When we die it is to late to do anything about it. Then we missed all chances. Now is the moment to run the race laid in front of us.
On the 9° Av (27th of July) the Summer Olympic Games may start, but on that remembrance day we should see Babylon in front of us.
While the world is preferring bread and games, we should offer them better ways, by allowing good education, care for the psychological as well as the physical health. This shall only be possible in case enough people are willing to contribute financially to make such things possible. Not willing to contribute to a National Health System and to a Public School System, can be more a selfish thing than an excuse that it would not be catholic or protestant enough. We should show ‘Babylon’ the way of love and sincere interest.
The Christian value of taking care of the needy should be the free way not only for the good Samaritan but also for the enemy to get to know the real brotherly love as, long before us, Jesus has given his brotherly love to many, believers but also to non-believers and sinners.
Please do read:
A dark night indeed
Another senseless act of random violence in America has made the headlines. This time there was a random shooting in a movie theatre, during the opening night of The Dark Knight Rises. This was the midnight showing in Aurora, Colorado, just outside of Denver.
I can’t help but feel that to some extent, we’re reaping what we’ve been sowing as a society.
Newcombe: CO Shooting a Result of the Fact that Americans Don’t Fear God or Hell
AFA News Director Says Liberal Churches, Media Share Responsibility for Colorado Shooting
Jackson maintained that unlike in the communities of forty years ago, liberals in the media and churches, along with movies and the internet, have “have come together to give us these kinds of incidents.”
No time for immorality
Indian Symbols
Native American Religion
Native Americans Chart
Liberal and evangelical Christians
Mormons, just an other faith
The Race for Life
In this day of public-school indoctrination and even political correctness infecting the American church, what can lovers of truth and liberty do to counteract the cultural rot impacting our kids?The uncompromising pastor and musician Bradlee Dean took up that question and built a controversial but resolute ministry sharing the truth of God, freedom and personal responsibility by taking it directly to young people – and the results have been jaw-dropping.
From Holland: Geert Wilders spoke at the Western Conservative Summit in Denver, Colorado on July 1. The following is the complete transcript of his speech.
Denver is also privileged to be the home of Colorado Christian University and the Centennial Institute with its motto “Faith, family and freedom”. Your motto shows that you have your priorities right. Faith, family and freedom are the pillars of our Judeo-Christian civilization and need to be defended.
The number of people who organize their lives according to Islamic requirements is growing, especially among young people. Among 15-year-old German Muslims, 40 percent consider Islam more important than democracy. Among Muslim university students in Britain, 40 percent support Sharia. One in three of those students consider it legitimate to kill in the name of Islam.
Cultural relativism is weakening the West day by day. Government leaders, lawyers, judges, churches, trade unions, media, academia, charities – all of them are blinded by political correctness and are condoning Islam. As a result of cultural relativism a little bit of the free West dies each day.
Multiculturalism made us open our borders to those who cannot be assimilated; it made us tolerate the intolerant, and now intolerance is annihilating tolerance. We should, in the name of tolerance, claim the right not to tolerate the people who are intolerant to us anymore; we should, in the name of self-preservation, not allow those who refuse to assimilate to our values to enter our countries anymore.
My friends, you and I, Americans and Europeans, we belong to a common Western culture. We share the values and ideals of our common heritage. In order to preserve our nations and our homes, in order to pass our heritage on to our children, in order to survive, we must stand together. Otherwise we will be submerged in the uniform Nation of Islam. That is what we do not want to happen.
How not to respond to a tragedy (maddowblog.msnbc.msn.com)
After the Columbine massacre, for example, then-Rep. Tom DeLay (R-Texas) blamed science textbooks for the murders
In 2007, after the Virginia Tech massacre, Newt Gingrich blamed liberals for supporting “situation ethics,”
after the slayings in Aurora, Louie Gohmert weighed in with some stupidity of his own.
During a radio interview on The Heritage Foundation’s “Istook Live!” show, Gohmert was asked why he believes such senseless acts of violence take place. Gohmert responded by talking about the weakening of Christian values in the country.
“Some of us happen to believe that when our founders talked about guarding our virtue and freedom, that that was important,” he said. “Whether it’s John Adams saying our Constitution was made only for moral and religious people … Ben Franklin, only a virtuous people are capable of freedom, as nations become corrupt and vicious they have more need of masters. We have been at war with the very pillars, the very foundation of this country.”
in the mind of this strange Republican congressman, a madman killed 12 people because of … the separation of church and State? The First Amendment is to blame for a shooting spree in a movie theater?If decency had any place in American politics, this would be an immediate career-ender for the ridiculous congressman from Texas. Some political missteps are simply unforgivable.
“Rep. Louis Gohmert truly tortures logic when he concludes that this violence had something to do with perceived attacks on majority faith in America,” said Roy Speckhardt, executive director of the American Humanist Association. “At a time when families are mourning in the wake of this tragedy, Gohmert used it as an opportunity to push a religious agenda.”
Gohmert: Obama Encouraging War On Christian And Jewish Faiths (secularnewsdaily.com)
Discussing accusations that the director of a federal cemetery in Houston removed religious references from the cemetery, Gohmert claimed that the government was trying to make secular humanism the established religion of the land. The congressman went on to suggest that President Obama and his administration was working closely with the Muslim Brotherhood as part of a “war on Chrisitan beliefs and actually Jewish beliefs,” and Perkins agreed that the administration is “sympathetic to if not embracing the Islamic religion”
‘NHS doctors have a duty of care that does not include proselytising’: BHA comments as Christian GP investigated following complaint (secularnewsdaily.com)
Dr Richard Scott, a former missionary and a lay preacher, is being supported by the Christian Legal Centre, the sister legal organisation of the socially conservative lobby group Christian Concern, which aims to ‘introduce a Christian voice into law, the media and government’. The BHA has reported on a number of cases raised by the Christian Legal Centre on the grounds of discrimination, including those of a Christian registrar and a couple who wished to foster children, and the subsequent dismissal of these arguments in the courts.
Gohmert Blames ‘Attacks on Judeo-Christian Beliefs’ for Colorado Massacre (dokmz.wordpress.com)
“You know what really gets me, a Christian, is to see the ongoing attacks on Judeo-Christian beliefs, and then some senseless crazy act of terror like this.”
Let’s keep America exceptional (humanevents.com)
America was founded on Judeo-Christian values, but today many of us hesitate to voice such values lest this or that immigrant group might take offense. Consequently, we have become a ship without a compass, not knowing whence we came or where we are going.How can a nation that once stunned the world by its superhuman achievements castrate itself into such sheepish timidity where its people now hesitate to celebrate their Judeo-Christian patriotism? The answer is fairly simple—America has turned its back on its founding values. It is an apostasy that is particularly poignant on the Fourth of July.
In fact, if all cultures are equally relevant and respectable, then they must be equally capable—yet why is there not a single non-Western culture that indigenously produced a great democracy which continues to attract people from all over the world?
Take the Declaration of Independence and the Constitution. They were written by white men from a Judeo-Christian ethos—and the country they founded has become the most egalitarian nation in the world, a refuge for men and women of all races and religions. Despite the liberal claims about the wonderful accomplishments of non-Western cultures, none of those cultures has ever produced a human-rights instrument as powerful as the Declaration or the Constitution.
BREAKING: “American Freedom Law Center” (atlasshrugs2000.typepad.com)
Through AFLC, Yerushalmi and Muise seek a return to what they describe as “America’s founding commitment to receive God’s continued blessing for America.” Yerushalmi commented, “AFLC will fight for faith and freedom by advancing and defending America’s Judeo-Christian heritage and moral foundation through litigation, education, and public policy programs. Fighting for our Judeo-Christian values is more than simply defending religious liberty; it is fighting for the very survival of our Nation.” He added, “Throughout history, great nations have fallen from within. Make no mistake, America is a blessed Nation, but only so long as it remains faithful to the Judeo-Christian values upon which it was founded.”
“To great effect, elite secular progressives are systematically assailing and destroying our Nation’s moral foundation. Driven by a transnational world view that is hostile to our Nation’s Judeo-Christian values, progressives are zealously sweeping religion from the public square, foisting sharia law and other harmful international precedents into our courts and Constitution, assaulting the traditional family, and weakening our national defense by — among other things — undermining the strength of our military through social engineering and political correctness. Our traditional liberties hang in balance. And for good or ill, this battle for America’s soul is being waged in the courtrooms across America.”
Louie Gohmert suggests the shootings could have been avoided if the country had not lost faith in God (freakoutnation.com)
People are quick to lay the blame or invoke God in all things, such as George Zimmerman recently stating that Trayvon Martin’s shooting was part of God’s plan. Gohmert is part of the recent McCarthism-like witch hunt, so his voice in the Aurora shootings, is nullified by his distinct bias.
Romney understands America (wnd.com)
Most American universities seek to graduate men and women who are as committed to secularism as nearly all the members of faculty are. In contrast, at traditional Christian and Jewish schools, the aim is, as Romney said, to produce students who know “whom [they] will serve.”What Romney is asking is this: If one is not morally accountable to God, to whom or what is one morally accountable? Most universities will respond: to one’s conscience. But those who adhere to Judeo-Christian values do not trust the conscience alone. What Nazi or Communist mass murderer was not at peace with his conscience? The conscience is as easily manipulated as the heart (the heart being the other guide to behavior among most college graduates).
You can’t separate politics and religion… nor should you try. (boilingthefrogs.wordpress.com)
It takes intentional deception or just plain ignorance to believe that our Founding Fathers intended or would tolerate any restrictions on religion. They did place heavy restrictions on Government…. restrictions that have been blatantly and repeatedly violated, shredded, burned, beaten, stabbed, electrocuted and sodomized by government.
no matter how hard you try, you cannot separate politics and religion. More importantly, and contrary to the secular-left hand-wringers who hyperventilate at the mere thought of Christians… the result is not ‘one extreme or the other.’ In fact, even in the perfect Judeo-Christian world, Judeo-Christian teachings do not call for a theocracy, nor should it. But no one has EVER addressed this highly volatile subject more beautifully or more wisely than our Founding Fathers.
Greenberg’s Muslim remarks widely decried|Congressional candidate cites ‘cult’ (rep-am.com)
Congressional candidate Mark Greenberg put himself on the defensive Thursday when he called Islam “a cult in many respects,” during a live WNPR interview.
Campaign seeks to unleash God’s Spirit on election (wnd.com)
There’s a new campaign that puts Election Day 2012 in the bull’s-eye, but organizers say it’s not about a political or social issue, or about who gets in Congress or the White House. It’s not even, really, about people.It seeks to turn God loose on the nation.The “40 Days to Save America” campaign has been launched by a who’s who list of Christian leaders who say the Bible explains in simple terms the solution to whatever troubles a nation, from social turmoil to financial stress to a failure of faith.
In the News: ‘GOP struggles to banish ghost of Jeremiah Wright’ (awitchylife.wordpress.com)
Romney:“Without question, the legal code in this country is based upon Judeo-Christian values and teachings, Biblical teachings, and for the president not to understand that a wide array of religions and a conviction that Judeo-Christian philosophy is an integral part of our foundation is really an extraordinary thing. I think again that the president takes his philosophical leanings in this regard, not from those who are ardent believers in various faiths but instead from those who would like America to be more secular. And I’m not sure which is worse, him listening to Reverend Wright or him saying that we must be a less Christian nation.”
How does the idea that the US is a “Christian nation” still find a way to live? The US is a nation of many different faiths and beliefs, and clinging to this idea that it is one way and only one way is putting a stranglehold on attempts to move beyond the belief and the politics associated with it.
Giles case settled: Ten Commandments removed (secularnewsdaily.com)
U.S. District Court Judge Michael Urbanski accepted a settlement and ended the lawsuit between a Giles County, Va., parent and student and the Giles County School Board on July 3. Attorneys for the American Civil Liberties Union of Virginia and the Freedom From Religion Foundation filed the suit last fall.The school board has agreed that the Ten Commandments will not be posted in any school “unless and until there is precedent in the Fourth Circuit or United States Supreme Court allowing the posting of the text of the Ten Commandments in the public schools.”
School board candidate Kemple calls foul on fake website (tbo.com)
Terry Kemple, a candidate for the countywide seat on the Hillsborough County School Board, said he plans to fight back against an invisible foe who has set up a bogus website maligning him.
Given the Judeo-Christian origins of our long-held tradition of caring for the frail, census data indicating the demise of Christianity and the ageing of Australia’s population could herald a perfect social storm.The 2011 census makes clear that Christian affiliation is diminishing, falling 7 per cent over the past decade to 61 per cent. The slack has been picked up by the ”nones”, those claiming ”no religion”, with almost 5 million of us, or 22.3 per cent, turning our backs on God (or, at least, on God’s registered brands). That’s up 7 per cent since 2001.
Of course, most of us love our grandmas. We don’t need religion to tell us to look after them. But as more Australians move into high-care facilities and dementia units, sometimes at a great distance from family, society will need a solid intellectual ground for increasing contributions to those who can no longer give back.Ancient Greece and Rome, the cultures against which Christianity first competed, had little by way of philosophical reasoning that could guarantee the inherent worth of those lacking rational capacity or social utility. So infanticide was common and social welfare for the aged and dying was virtually non-existent.Christianity changed this. It inherited from the Jews a theology of human dignity and a program of social welfare, and added the thought that Christ had died for the world, even for the lowly and neglected. Compassion was due to all, especially to the overlooked. And so was born the tradition of ”charity”.
Humans And Other Animals (morningstaronline.co.uk)
Although few people today would be happy reducing animals to the level of unthinking, unfeeling objects in the manner of Descartes, it’s true that most of us still assume that the dividing line between humans and all other animals is one of kind rather than degree.Yet recent studies have tended to argue that other species have developed notions of personhood, display astonishing levels of consciousness, often live in societies and employ culture, language, tools and symbolism in everyday interactions to a far, far greater extent than previously thought possible.
‘Ten Commandments’ Judge Roy Moore: Secularism leads to Sharia law(rawstory.com)
In an interview with conservative talk show host Steve Deace last week, Roy Moore opined that “a government that is denying God” was also allowing Sharia law to take hold.
The Republican candidate explained that he had no regrets after the Alabama Court of the Judiciary was forced to strip him of the chief justice title in 2003 because he rejected a federal court order to remove his Ten Commandments monument from the state courthouse.
Roy Moore on his Ten Commandments monument (reassuringquotes.wordpress.com)
Naturally the ACLU and the Southern Poverty Law Center – also called the SPLC – which also eventually brought suit against me were happy to play on such confusion. They claimed that I had “sneaked in the monument in the middle of the night”.
Don’t blame Darwin for theater shootings (cosmiclog.msnbc.msn.com)
“I doubt that religion had anything to do with these murders, but religion is so quick to point the finger at science and evolution when they happen,” Coyne wrote on his “Why Evolution Is True” blog. “So much for Rick Warren, the man Barack Obama chose to give the invocation at his inauguration in 2009.”
On the flip side, some atheists suggested that Christianity was to blame, capitalizing on reports that Holmes came from a Presbyterian family. On the “Debunking Christianity” blog, Cathy Cooper argues that Christian belief encourages the idea that all people are sinful, but that all believers are saved by faith alone. “Christianity provides believers with a basis for the belief that they are absolved from taking responsibility for their own bad behavior,” she writes.
Egypt ex-MP guilty of indecency (bbc.co.uk)
A radical Islamist politician in Egypt has been convicted in absentia of violating public decency after police found him fondling a woman in a car.
Ali Wanis was sentenced to a year in prison for the incident and six months for abusing the policemen. The woman involved got a six month jail term.
Don’t blame the shootings on Darwin (or on God’s wrath) (cosmiclog.msnbc.msn.com)
“When students are taught they are no different from animals, they act like it,” Rick Warren, the mega-church pastor and inspirational author, observed in a Twitter update just hours after the shootings.
Publicly Indecent Women (gloriabrame.typepad.com)
women busted for flouting public decency laws, and firmly establishing the fine American tradition of women standing up for sexual freedoms by taking off their clothes.
Wendy Kaminer – The Health Care Ruling Trivializes Civil Liberties (prn.fm)
This is how you exaggerate the “tyranny” of petty bans and an ACA penalty projected to affect one or two percent of the population, while you trivialize civil liberty and distract us from the growth of a potentially totalitarian national security state. This is how you generate hatred of big government and direct it at opposition to social welfare programs, environmental regulations, or oversight of financial markets, while you generate support for (or indifference to) domestic surveillance, the targeting of Muslim Americans, militarized police departments, the criminalization of political dissent, drone warfare, and the failure to close Guantanamo.
Barack Obama, Authoritarian Conservative (robertlindsay.wordpress.com)
Socialists or those on the economic left are to the left of the center line. Capitalists and those on the economic right on to the right of the center line. Authoritarians are above the horizontal line in the middle. More civil libertarian types are below the center line in the middle.
“The Fear Of God Is Not In This Place” (chuckbaldwinlive.com)
What in the world has happened to America? How has it come to this? The America that we currently see is unrecognizable from the America many of us grew up in. The America that many oppressed people risked their lives to escape to now more resembles the oppressed nations that those people fled. (I’ve had scores of immigrants tell me that personally.) And make no mistake about it, the problem is much deeper than the shallow partisan mantra, “It’s the Democrats’ (or Republicans’) fault.” The root cause of America’s woes is much deeper than that. For decades, we’ve been trading Democrats for Republicans, Republicans for Democrats, liberals for conservatives, and conservatives for liberals, and nothing has changed–except the problems keep getting worse!
The natural fear of God is a predicate for a person’s respect for their mother and father. (Leviticus 19:3) The fear of God is a predicate for a person’s respect for others, especially those who are disadvantaged. (Leviticus 19:14) This passage specifically notes the deaf and the blind.
how can politicians in Washington, D.C., possess the fear of God when they routinely lie, steal, violate their oaths to the Constitution, and wreak havoc upon the liberties and freedoms of the American people? How can the banksters at the Federal Reserve possess the fear of God when they deliberately rape the US economy and purposefully manipulate the markets so as to destroy the financial well being of tens of millions of families? How can federal government officials at the highest levels possess the fear of God when they engage in international drug running and murder?
No Future in France: Dire Times for French Jews
A philosopher (holding a prestigious French agrégation degree in philosophy), a graduate of the French Rabbinical School in Paris, and a former student at some of the most orthodox yeshivoth (Talmudic academies) in Jerusalem, Bernheim was until recently very eager to reconcile traditional Judaism with Europe’s “open society.” He has just devoted a book to France as a nation and how Jews can contribute to France’s public debates (N’oublions Pas De Penser La France), and in 2008, the year he was elected chief rabbi, he coauthored a book on Judeo-Christian dialogue (Le Rabbin et le Cardinal) with Cardinal Philippe Barbarin.Despite all that, Bernheim suddenly warned Jewish leaders a few weeks ago about a growing “rejection” of Jews and Judaism in France, something he linked to the global passing of “Judeo-Christian values” in French society as a whole.
‘Ten Commandments’ Judge Roy Moore: Secularism leads to Sharia law (via Raw Story )
The man who is likely to be Alabama’s next chief justice is warning that secular government will lead to Islamic law in the United States. In an interview with conservative talk show host Steve Deace last week, Roy Moore opined that “a government that is denying God” was also allowing Sharia…
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43 thoughts on “Judeo-Christian values and liberty”
Christian values and voting not just a game | Marcus' s Space
[…] of those undertaking the big adventure carried whit them the mental legacy of the Judeo-Christian values and liberty. Though lots of battles they did to conquer some land to make their dreams come through can not […]
Which back voters in the US wants to see | Marcus' s Space
[…] Previously: Christian values and voting not just a game Judeo-Christian values and liberty […]
[…] Judeo-Christian values and liberty we mentioned already the problem of people being confronted with the loss of values which were a […]
[…] Judeo-Christian values and liberty […]
[…] Washington and Thomas Jefferson knew of the Judeo-Christian values and were sure that Gods Law would not be a bad base for the Law of […]
Built on or Belonging to Jewish tradition #1 Christian Reform | Marcus' s Space
God in Australische Grondwet « Christadelphians : Belgian Ecclesia Brussel – Leuven
[…] en: Judeo-Christian values and liberty […]
Faith related boycots | Marcus' s Space
[…] Yes, for sure, that is still going on and also in countries which say they are liberal and want the freedom for everybody, but this seems to be not so for the freedom of religiosity and Judeo-Christian values. […]
Right to be in the surroundings | Marcus' s Space
Stichters van de Nieuwe Wereld en Godsdienstvrijheid « Christadelphians : Belgian Ecclesia Brussel – Leuven
People of Faith for Obama video « Christadelphians : Belgian Ecclesia Brussel – Leuven
Life is to precious « Belgian Biblestudents – Belgische Bijbelstudenten
Victims and Seekers of Peace | Marcus' s Space
Migrants to the West #7 Religions | Marcus' s Space
Looking to the East and the West for Truth | Broeders in Christus
[…] Christians are unaware of their sacred calling. Lots of them shout high with their so called Judean Christian values, but they do not see they went far away of those rules and values themselves. Many are drifting off […]
Anti-Semitism ‘on the rise’ in Europe | Stepping Toes
Atheists, deists, and sleepers | Stepping Toes
The imaginational war against Christmas | Stepping Toes
Focus on outward appearances | Stepping Toes
Subcutaneous power for humanity 5 Loneliness, Virtual and real friends | Marcus' s Space
Where is the USA wanting to go with the freedom of their people | Marcus' s Space
Evangelisation, local preaching opposite overseas evangelism | Free Christadelphians: Belgian Ecclesia Brussel - Leuven
Inner feeling, morality and Inter-connection with creation | Marcus Ampe's Space
The Big Conversation follow up | Free Christadelphians: Belgian Ecclesia Brussel - Leuven
The Crusader Rifle | From guestwriters
Leaving the Old World to find better pastures – Belgian Ecclesia Brussel – Leuven
Honest-hearted people are losing faith in humanity and humanity losing faith in God | Belgian Biblestudents - Belgische Bijbelstudenten
The 1st Adam in the Hebrew Scriptures #7 Promise and solution – Belgian Ecclesia Brussel – Leuven
Adar 6, Matan Torah remembering the giving of Torah | From guestwriters
[…] Displeasures and Actions of the Almighty GodJudeo-Christian values and liberty […]
How did the original readers understand Gen 1:1? – Jeshua-ists
Leave a Reply to Why Think There Is a God? (3): Why Is It Wrong? | Stepping Toes Cancel reply
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Results 11 - 20 of 1,693,114
Facial expression and emotion
by Dacher Keltner, Cameron Anderson - American Psychologist , 1993
"... In this article, we review diverse studies of the antecedents, facial display, and social consequences of embarrassment. These studies indicate that embarrassment serves an appeasement function, reconciling social relations when they have gone awry. We then speculate about how embarrassment is elabo ..."
In this article, we review diverse studies of the antecedents, facial display, and social consequences of embarrassment. These studies indicate that embarrassment serves an appeasement function, reconciling social relations when they have gone awry. We then speculate about how embarrassment
Analysis, Modeling and Generation of Self-Similar VBR Video Traffic
by Mark Garrett, Walter Willinger , 1994
"... We present a detailed statistical analysis of a 2-hour long empirical sample of VBR video. The sample was obtained by applying a simple intraframe video compression code to an action movie. The main findings of our analysis are (1) the tail behavior of the marginal bandwidth distribution can be accu ..."
be accurately described using "heavy-tailed" distributions (e.g., Pareto); (2) the autocorrelation of the VBR video sequence decays hyperbolically (equivalent to long-range dependence) and can be modeled using self-similar processes. We combine our findings in a new (non-Markovian) source model
The FF planning system: Fast plan generation through heuristic search
by Jörg Hoffmann, Bernhard Nebel - Journal of Artificial Intelligence Research , 2001
"... We describe and evaluate the algorithmic techniques that are used in the FF planning system. Like the HSP system, FF relies on forward state space search, using a heuristic that estimates goal distances by ignoring delete lists. Unlike HSP's heuristic, our method does not assume facts to be ind ..."
to be independent. We introduce a novel search strategy that combines Hill-climbing with systematic search, and we show how other powerful heuristic information can be extracted and used to prune the search space. FF was the most successful automatic planner at the recent AIPS-2000 planning competition. We review
Biclustering of Expression Data
by Yizong Cheng, George M. Church , 2000
"... An efficient node-deletion algorithm is introduced to find submatrices... ..."
An efficient node-deletion algorithm is introduced to find submatrices...
KLEE: Unassisted and Automatic Generation of High-Coverage Tests for Complex Systems Programs
by Cristian Cadar, Daniel Dunbar, Dawson Engler
"... We present a new symbolic execution tool, KLEE, capable of automatically generating tests that achieve high coverage on a diverse set of complex and environmentally-intensive programs. We used KLEE to thoroughly check all 89 stand-alone programs in the GNU COREUTILS utility suite, which form the cor ..."
We present a new symbolic execution tool, KLEE, capable of automatically generating tests that achieve high coverage on a diverse set of complex and environmentally-intensive programs. We used KLEE to thoroughly check all 89 stand-alone programs in the GNU COREUTILS utility suite, which form
the development of a modelling language capable of expressing temporal and numeric properties of planning domains. In this paper we describe the language, PDDL2.1, that was used in the competition. We describe the syntax of the language, its formal semantics and the validation of concurrent plans. We observe
Comprehending Monads
by Philip Wadler - Mathematical Structures in Computer Science , 1992
"... Category theorists invented monads in the 1960's to concisely express certain aspects of universal algebra. Functional programmers invented list comprehensions in the 1970's to concisely express certain programs involving lists. This paper shows how list comprehensions may be generalised t ..."
Category theorists invented monads in the 1960's to concisely express certain aspects of universal algebra. Functional programmers invented list comprehensions in the 1970's to concisely express certain programs involving lists. This paper shows how list comprehensions may be generalised
Support Vector Machine Classification and Validation of Cancer Tissue Samples Using Microarray Expression Data
by Terrence S. Furey, Nello Cristianini, Nigel Duffy, David W. Bednarski, Michèl Schummer, David Haussler , 2000
"... Motivation: DNA microarray experiments generating thousands of gene expression measurements, are being used to gather information from tissue and cell samples regarding gene expression differences that will be useful in diagnosing disease. We have developed a new method to analyse this kind of data ..."
Motivation: DNA microarray experiments generating thousands of gene expression measurements, are being used to gather information from tissue and cell samples regarding gene expression differences that will be useful in diagnosing disease. We have developed a new method to analyse this kind of data
A Bayesian Framework for the Analysis of Microarray Expression Data: Regularized t-Test and Statistical Inferences of Gene Changes
by Pierre Baldi, Anthony D. Long - Bioinformatics , 2001
"... Motivation: DNA microarrays are now capable of providing genome-wide patterns of gene expression across many different conditions. The first level of analysis of these patterns requires determining whether observed differences in expression are significant or not. Current methods are unsatisfactory ..."
due to the lack of a systematic framework that can accommodate noise, variability, and low replication often typical of microarray data. Results: We develop a Bayesian probabilistic framework for microarray data analysis. At the simplest level, we model log-expression values by independent normal
Systematic Nonlinear Planning
by David Mcallester, David Rosenblitt - In Proceedings of the Ninth National Conference on Artificial Intelligence , 1991
"... This paper presents a simple, sound, complete, and systematic algorithm for domain independent STRIPS planning. Simplicity is achieved by starting with a ground procedure and then applying a general, and independently verifiable, lifting transformation. Previous planners have been designed directly ..."
This paper presents a simple, sound, complete, and systematic algorithm for domain independent STRIPS planning. Simplicity is achieved by starting with a ground procedure and then applying a general, and independently verifiable, lifting transformation. Previous planners have been designed directly
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The Cost of Stagnation: We're Living in Limbo
7 "Saves" in 7 Months: A Market Going Nowhere Fast...
Currency Devaluation: The Crushing Vice of Price
Does "Creative Destruction" Include the State?
When Authorities "Own" the Market, The System Brea...
Bubble, Bubble, Toil and Trouble: When Authorities...
Is the Echo Housing Bubble About to Burst?
Will the Oil Patch Bust Trigger Recession?
Are Tech Giants' New Buildings Signs of the Top?
We Need a Crash to Sort the Wheat from the Chaff
What's Scarce Geopolitically: Stability, Ways to G...
Thank Goodness Everything's Fixed
Greece and the Problem of Correcting Trade/Product...
When Capitalism Turns to Cannibalism
Diminishing Returns on Central-Planning Policy Ext...
Greece and the End of the Euroland Fantasy
Is Greece a Template for U.S. State & Local Govern...
Maintaining the Illusion of Stability Now Requires...
Trouble Abrewing; This Time It Is Different
No Jobs for the Young, No Retirement for the Old
Ragin' Contagion: When Debtors Go Broke, So Do Mer...
Greece's New Money: Many, Not One?
What Choice Do We Have?
The Coming Era of Pension Poverty
When do we get to exercise democracy and fire every factotum, apparatchik, toady and lackey in the state who has abused his/her authority?
Everyone lauds "creative destruction" when it shreds monopolies and disrupts private enterprise "business as usual." If thousands lose their middle-class livelihoods-- hey, that's the price of progress.
Improvements in productivity and efficiency can't be stopped, and those employed making buggy whips and collecting horse manure from fetid streets will have to move on to other employment.
This raises an obvious question few dare ask: does this inevitable process of creative destruction include the state? If not, why not? Aren't the state and the central bank the ultimate monopolies begging to be disrupted for the benefit of all? If government is inefficient and unproductive, shouldn't it be "creatively destroyed" in the same fashion as private enterprise?
The obvious answer is yes. Why should a monopoly (government) remain untouched by new knowledge and competition as it skims the cream from society to fund its own monopolies and grants one monopoly/cartel privilege after another to its private-sector cronies?
Under the tender care of the state, we now have uncompetitive, inefficient parastic cartels dominating higher education, national defense, healthcare insurance, pharmaceuticals and hospitals-- to name but a few of the major industries that are now state-enforced cartels thanks to the heavy hand of the state (i.e. regulatory capture).
Under the tender mercies of the state, prosecutors have a 90% conviction rate thanks to rigged forensic evidence, threats of life imprisonment (better to plea-bargain than risk years in America's gulag) and other strong-arm tactics that presume guilt, not innocence. We have the best judicial system that money can buy, meaning you're jail-bait if you can't put your hands on a couple hundred thousand for legal defense and the all-important media campaign.
No wonder "we're number one" in false convictions, innocent people rotting away in the drug gulag and overcrowded prisons. The citizenry are fish in a barrel for overzealous prosecutors and "get tough on drugs" politicos.
And for goodness sake, don't get caught with cash--you must be a drug lord!Only drug lords have more than $200 cash on them at any one time. Once again, the state monopoly on force reckons you're guilty until proven innocent--and in cases where your cash and car were "legally stolen" (a.k.a. civil forfeiture) by the state, that will cost you months or years and tens of thousands in legal fees to get your property back--unless you're targeted for further investigation.
As I have described here in detail, the state can empty your bank account on the barest suspicion that you might owe more taxes than you paid. Due process and rule of law have been replaced with legalized looting and harassment by government in America.
Orwell and Kafka Do America: How the Government Steals Your Money--"Legally," Of Course (March 24, 2015)
Welcome to the Predatory State of California--Even If You Don't Live There (March 20, 2012)
The Predatory State of California, Part 2 (March 21, 2012)
Criminalizing Poverty For Profit: Local Government's New Debtors Prisons
When the Savior State Becomes the Enemy of the People (October 30, 2009)
As for using your rights to uncover whatever illegal spying and dirty tricks the state imposed on you in years past--good luck getting a Freedom of Information claim processed. The state's organs of security are busy targeting suspected terrorists with drone strikes, and your trivial concerns about constitutional rights don't count.
In fact, why exactly are you asking? Your inquiry is highly suspicious.
If there is a difference between the U.S. national security state and the Stasi, it is merely technological. We don't have to depend on snitches; we got high-tech tools, pilgrim.
There are two systems under our state: one for insiders and one for the rest of us. Insiders get a free pass, everyone else gets the state's boot on their neck. If you're Hillary Clinton, rules are for the little people who haven't managed to skim tens of millions in bribes ( a.k.a. speaking fees and campaign contributions).
There is no financial crime that can't be turned into a heroic expression of America's greatness--if you can afford the bribes.
Here's how bad it is: let's say you're a senior U.S. senator whose husband is the penultimate crony insider worth hundreds of millions of dollars. This is a power couple to be reckoned with, wielding state and private-wealth power.
So what did the national security state say when the senator asked for minimal factual reports on agency activities? Blow chow, honey.
The lady in question is senior U.S. senator Dianne Feinstein, who is married to investment banker/financier Richard Blum. Interestingly, Feinstein had carried the national security state's water for years in the senate, defending our Stasi/KGB from inquiry or even the dimmest light of media exposure.
Hey, America's Stasi: you guys really know how to reward your water carriers.
The full story can be found in the new book Lords of Secrecy: The National Security Elite and America's Stealth Warfare.
Here's my question: when do we get to exercise democracy and fire every factotum, apparatchik, toady and lackey in the state who has abused his/her authority, trampled on our constitutional rights, participated in civil forfeiture, threatened innocent citizens, looted the system for personal gain and committed malfeasance? It's called accountability and rule of law, people.
If you can't fire your Stasi, KGB, corrupt prosecutors, greedy cops and parasitic politicos, then you don't have a real democracy, you just have a phony facsimile of democracy, an empty shell that's up held up as propaganda to a skeptical world.
Thank you, Marsha F. ($25), for yet another superbly generous contribution to this site-- I am greatly honored by your steadfast support and readership.
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Cole Bunzel
Doctoral Student, Department of Near Eastern Studies, Princeton University
World, PoliticsAir Date 02/10/2015
Cole Bunzel, one of the leading experts on ISIS, discusses the Islamic State, Jordan, the UAE, and the state of affairs in the Middle East.
Cole Bunzel; Joseph A. Califano, Jr.; Lynsey Addario
World, History, MediaAir Date 02/10/2015
Cole Bunzel discusses ISIS; Joseph Califano reflects on his time with LBJ; photojournalist Lynsey Addario on her memoir.
Related Guests 5
Yousef Al Oitaba
Henry Siegman
Nasser Judeh
Clarissa Ward
Bernard Trainor
General Bernard Trainor talks about the war that the U.S. would face going into the Middle East to fight terrorism. 27:33
Tim Russert; Michael Eric Dyson; Sam Neill
Entertainment, Politics, Books
On politics and President Clinton. Baptist minister and author of "Between God and Gangsta Rap." On his role as King Charles II in "Restoration." 53:59
Lynn Sherr
Entertainment, History
Journalist Lynn Sherr presents her upcoming program, "Susan B. Anthony Slept Here," a celebration of women who changed history. 10:08
Kiran Mazumdar Shaw
World, Business, Science
Kiran Mazumdar Shaw discusses the need for infrastructure and a research environment for young people in science and technology in India. 16:20
Sen. Tom Daschle; Rep. Charles Rose; Alan...
Politics, Books, Law
Sen. Daschle on his political goals; Rep. Charles Rose’s race for minority leader; Alan Dershowitz's "The Advocate's Devil." 55:21
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What this blog is about
CherriesWriter - Vietnam War website
See what War is like and how it affects our Warriors
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VVA Veteran Magazine publishes great review for Cherries
Debut of Audiobook, “Cherries – A Vietnam War Novel” Exceeds Author’s Expectations
“Cherries” Named Best Audiobook of 2012
Free Sample – first six chapters of Cherries – both Written and Audiobook
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When Can I Stop Running? – Sample Chapters
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Lest We Forget Meet the Authors & Book Signing April 4th: Cherries and Donut Dolly
Animated interview with Cherries author
American Heroes Radio interviews author of Cherries – A Vietnam War Novel
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Why So Many Vets Are Angry At Jane Fonda (Guest Post)
Date: May 3, 2018Author: pdoggbiker 95 Comments
Jane Fonda’s Broadcasts on Radio Hanoi
Co-authors: Dr. Roger Canfield, R.J. Del Vecchio
From July 8 – 22, 1972, the American actress Jane Fonda visited North Vietnam at the invitation of the “Vietnamese Committee of Solidarity with the American People.” During this period, she recorded at least 19 propaganda interviews that were broadcast by Radio Hanoi. Twelve of the speeches focused on American servicemen as their primary target. Fonda’s key themes included: demands to halt U.S. bombing of North Vietnam, allegations that the Nixon Administration was “lying” about the war, endorsements of the Viet Cong “7 Point Peace Plan,” claims that the U.S. military was violating international law and committing “genocide” in Vietnam, and statements of confidence in North Vietnam’s continued resistance and ultimate victory over America.
Listed below are all available transcripts of Jane Fonda’s Hanoi broadcasts, as recorded by the CIA’s Foreign Broadcast Information Service (FBIS). Slightly redacted versions of several broadcasts also appear in the Congressional Record for Sept. 19-25, 1972, “Hearings Regarding H.R. 16742: Restraints on Travel to Hostile Areas.” The transcripts are listed by the dates on which they were originally broadcast by Radio Hanoi.
July 10, 1972: Fonda to American POWs
“Brave heroes of the war would come back from Indochina and I was told that it is we who committed crimes, it is we who burned villages and massacred civilian people and raped the Vietnamese women. It is we who did it and we are sorry, and we want the American people to know what is being done in their names.”
July 13, 1972: Jane Fonda condemns U.S. bombings
“They seemed to be asking themselves what kind of people can Americans be who would drop these kinds of bombs so callously on their innocent heads, destroying their villages and endangering the lives of these millions of people.”
July 17, 1972: Fonda to American pilots and airmen
“I don’t know what your officers tell you, you are loading, those of you who load the bombs on the planes. But, one thing that you should know is that these weapons are illegal and thats not, thats not just rhetoric. They were outlawed, these kind of weapons, by several conventions of which the United States was a signatory — two Hague conventions. And the use of these bombs or the condoning the use of these bombs makes one a war criminal.”
“The men who are ordering you to use these weapons are war criminals according to international law, and in, in the past, in Germany and in Japan, men who were guilty of these kind of crimes were tried and executed.”
July 19, 1972: Fonda on visit to Nam Dihn
“I went to the dike, the dike system of the city of Nam Dinh. Just this morning at 4 o’clock, it was bombed again, and I was told that an hour after we left the city, planes came back and rebombed Nam Dinh. The dike in many places has been cut in half and there are huge fissures running across the top of it.”
July 20, 1972: Fonda on Geneva Accords anniversary
“There is an invasion taking place. It’s taking place from the 7th Fleet, from the aircraft carriers, from Thailand, from Guam, but essentially from the Pentagon and from the White House.”
“You men, it is not your fault. It is in fact tragic to think how you are being so cynically used because the time is coming very soon, it is already half-way there, when people are admitting openly that this is one of the most horrible crimes ever committed by one nation against another.”
July 20, 1972: Fonda press conference
“I’ve met with students, with peasants, with workers and with American pilots who are in extremely good health, I might add and will I hope be soon returned to the United States, and when they are returned, I think and they think that they will go back better citizens than when they left.”
July 20, 1972: Fonda press conference Q & A
“I would like to accuse Richard Nixon of betraying everything that is human and just in the world today. I would like to accuse him as being a new Hitler.”
“I will be working with all of those other people, ah, to that end - to end the war according to the demands made in the Seven-Point Peace proposal of the Provisional Revolutionary Government.”
July 21, 1972: Fonda to American pilots
“The people back home are crying for you. We are afraid of what, what must be happening to you as human beings. For it isn’t possible to destroy, to receive salary for pushing buttons and pulling levers that are dropping illegal bombs on innocent people, without having that damage your own souls.”
“I know that if you saw and if you knew the Vietnamese under peaceful conditions, you would hate the men who are sending you on bombing missions.”
July 22, 1972: Fonda to U.S. pilots and airmen
“Should you then allow these same people and same liars to define for you who your enemy is? Shouldn’t we then, shouldn’t we all examine the reasons that have been given to us to justify the murder that you are being paid to commit?”
“If they told you the truth, you wouldn’t fight, you wouldn’t kill. You were not born and brought up by your mothers to be killers. So you have been - you have been told lies so that it would be possible for you to kill.”
“And I think, I - I think that - well, the other day, for example, someone told me that one of the pilots that was recent - recently shot down, uh, near Hanoi, as he was, uh, driven across the river, uh, uh, he was, he was, uh, being being rescued by, uh, the people and he was shown a bridge and the people said, uh, that bridge was, uh, bombed, uh, recently. And he said: Well, my parents are rich. Uh, we can buy you a new bridge, we can afford to build you a new bridge after the war. And the people said to him in Vietnamese and it was then translated by the interpreter, they said, but can your parents replace our, our children, our mothers, our wives who have been killed by your bombs? And the soldier hung his head and he said: I didn’t think of that.”
“Every time you drop your bombs on the heads of these peasants it becomes clearer to them — to them who the enemy is. How could they possibly by asking for help from a country which is destroying their land, their crops, killing their people, mutilating their babies? How can we continue to rain this kind of terror on these people who want nothing more than to live in peace and freedom and independence?”
July 26, 1972: Fonda to South Vietnamese students
“We have understood that we have a common enemy - U.S. imperialism. We have understood that we have a common struggle and that your victory will be the victory of the American people and all peace-loving people around the world.”
“Recently in the United States we’ve been doing a lot of political propaganda work among the students and the soldiers with your Vietnamese comrades.”
July 28, 1972: Fonda to U.S. servicemen on bombing dikes
“There is only on way to stop Richard Nixon from committing mass genocide in the Democratic Republic of Vietnam, and that is for a mass protest all around the world of all peace-loving people to expose his crimes, to prevent him from fooling the people of the world into thinking that if there are floods this year it would be a natural disaster.”
July 29, 1972: Fonda to South Vietnamese soldiers
“Many people in the United States deplore what is being done to you. We understand that Nixon’s aggression against Vietnam is a racist aggression, that the American war in Vietnam is a racist war, a white man’s war…”
“We deplore that you are being used as cannon fodder for U.S. imperialism. We’ve seen photographs of American bombs and antipersonnel weapons being dropped, wantonly, accidentally perhaps, on your heads, on the heads of your comrades.”
July 30, 1972: Fonda to American servicemen in South Vietnam
“They believed in the army, but when they were here, when they discovered that their officers were incompetent, usually drunk, when they discovered that the Vietnamese people had a fight that they believed in, that the Vietnamese people were fighting for much the same reason that we fought in the beginning of our own country, they began to ask themselves questions.”
“I heard horrifying stories about the treatment of women in the U.S. military. So many women said to me that one of the first things that happens to them when they enter the service is that they are taken to see the company psychiatrist and they are given a little lecture which is made very clear to them that they are there to service the men.”
August 7, 1972: Fonda on Quang Tri and Patrick Henry
“So that now, when the People’s Liberation Armed Forces arrived in Quang Tri and joined together with the peasants to liberate the province of Quang Tri, the people have risen up, in the words of a journalist who just came from - from Quang Tri - like birds who have been freed from their cages.”
“We should be able to understand this very well as Americans. One of our revolutionary slogans, called out by Patrick Henry, was ‘Give Me Liberty or Give Me Death.’ And this is not so different than Ho Chi Minh’s slogan ‘Nothing is more precious than freedom and independence.’”
August 9, 1972: Fonda on “Democracy”
“Like tens of thousands of other Americans, I’m extremely concerned these days about the betrayal of everything that my country stands for - about the betrayal of our flag, about the betrayal of the very precepts upon which our country was founded: equality for all people, liberty, and freedom.”
“Richard Nixon, history will one day report you as the new Hitler… It is no wonder that you are so cynically manipulating the American public into believing that you are striving for peace, when you are in fact committing the most heinous crimes against the innocent civilians of Vietnam.”
August 15, 1972: Fonda on meeting with American POWs
“I had the opportunity of meeting seven U.S. pilots. Some of them were shot down as long ago as 1968 and some of them had been shot down very recently. They are all in good health. We had a very long talk, a very open and casual talk. We exchanged ideas freely. They asked me to bring back to the American people their sense of disgust of the war and their shame for what they have been asked to do.”
“They asked me to bring messages back home to their loved ones and friends, telling them to please be as actively involved in the peace movement as possible, to renew their efforts to end the war.”
Jane Fonda will forever be a traitor to many of us who served our country. Some say we should forgive and forget, that Fonda has apologized for her behavior.
Here is a statement from a fellow vet:
For what it is worth, Ms. Fonda has never spoken the kind of direct apology for her activities during the war, the statement that she made a huge mistake in allowing her picture to be taken at the AA gun is not exactly what most vets would accept as a heartfelt apology. She has always been consistent in belief that she was doing the right thing in all she did there. Below are transcripts of the things she broadcast to US servicemen from Hanoi. They qualify in the minds of most of us as treason.
Keep in mind that when the POWs returned and spoke of their being tortured, she made these comments very publicly.
Jane Fonda said, POWs “implied they were forced into seeing [antiwar visitors]
that’s laughable. They are hypocrites and liars ….” At UCLA, “We have no reason to believe [they]
tell the truth. They are professional killers.” She wrote the Los Angeles Times, “It is a lie, an orchestrated lie… that the
policy
was torture.”
“Jane Fonda Claims POWs Not Tortured,” Pasadena Star News, April 1, 1973; Also: San Francisco Chronicle, April 1, 1973, 4.
So, it’s very difficult for those of us who know this, and in my case, know POWs and heard in person their accounts of torture, to just write it off as in the past and not worth thinking about anymore.
Jane does not deserve, and has not earned, our forgiveness.
This article was originally posted on the blog for Vietnam Veterans for Factual History. Here is a direct link to their website: https://www.vvfh.org/
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95 thoughts on “Why So Many Vets Are Angry At Jane Fonda (Guest Post)”
George Dahl says:
Hollywood liberal with the brain of a 10 year old. Betrayed America! Worse than Lindberg.
Artie Cotner (Army Retired Viet Nam Vet) says:
I’m may be, wrong, However, I think she was helped by 1 or more people. No one person could get all the broadcast attention. With out help from any 1 person or, a GROUP of, people. She was probably asked then primed / prepped for all the action she advertised or made public. An ordinary citizen could in no way, get all the attention that, she got. If anyone agrees, fine. If anyone disagrees that’s fine, also.
Richard Tia says:
Cannot wait until the bitch is dead so I can piss on her grave!
Thatwill be a very long line !!!
srray5682 says:
Hate your F/guts Jane Fonda, the LibTURD Traiter!
Oscar Betournay says:
Thomas Lon Crabtree says:
Transcript time line is informative and of course, full of propagandist B.S. straight from the harlot’s mouth. This is significant since many of the major units had stood down by Jul 1972. 1st Cavalry had already returned to Ft. Hood. which left a vacuum and ripe for NVA takeover. Evidently, North Vietnam did have an ally in her and the anti-war minions. Wonder where all those cowards are today? As far as Jane, forgiveness is GOD’s realm not ours.
Hadley Field says:
She was there to stop the bombing campaign that was going on at the time, not to stop the whole war. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Operation_Rolling_Thunder
So what’s your point? Stupid Liberal we were in a F/War!
Tom Marzullo says:
In the last few years Ms Fonda has been videotaped several times at various media and entertainment venues wearing a copy of the North Vietnamese helmet she wore while camping it up for those approving audiences. So much for her “heartfelt apology.”
Did you actually see this or did you take the word of somebody like Alex Jones, Glenn Beck, Rush Limbaugh, etc?
kevingaryon says:
…. If you really want to know the truth regarding Jane Fonda Please read Jerry Lembcke’s article titled “There’s Just Something about Jane ” Hanoi Jane: War,Sex and Other Fantasies Of Betrayal…because everything you read and everything you have heard is Bull Shit.. just like the war we were fooled into fighting and dying for! If you can’t find it I’d be happy to send it to you (e-mail)
JohnEHarrison says:
Also… It is believed the carpet bombing by the United States stopped because of her actions and saved countless lives of the North Vietnamese
F/You & Her! You must be a F/LibTURD Coward! You sound like you went to Canada…
Yes, plz send it to me.
email is
cjelky000@gmail.com
Men Lie says:
She was right.
Not worth to mention that BITCH by name! Experiencing her verbal abuse of our system and chastising our men in arms, is enough to make anyone choke and ready to puke on her grave!
Judy (Judith) Ford says:
Jane Fonda will rot in Hell, and deservedly so. She lied about the treatment of brave men. Then she compounded those lies.
Daniel M Ranshaw USMC & ARMY 63 64 65 66 incountry says:
I think she is crazy and should have never been allowed to go to Vietnam in the frist place.But she did and that fact cant be undone. So she needs to be brought up on charges of celebrating with the enemy and getting prisoners killed for passing notes to her to give to there family’s.The criminal woman has eluded the law for years for her crimes in Vietnam.Its time she paid the price for her treason by being hung by the neck till dead.
lora axsom says:
Excellent article on the “traitor”Jane Fonda.
She should have been prosecuted for her lies .
Ray Barger says:
As veterans we took an oath to defend the Constitution of the United States, and that Constitution grants the right to free speech. If Jane Fonda had stayed on U.S. soil and spoke out against the war she would have simply been one more protester. But she didn’t. Instead she traveled to the land of our enemy and parroted the words given to her by that enemy. For that, I can never forgive her and agree with all my fellow Vietnam vets that she deserves to burn in hell for what she did. At the very least, she should be tried for treason and exported out of the country. Maybe Hanoi will take her.
Suszane says:
It’s not just the vets that hate her; it’s a sister like me whose baby bro died on his 21st birthday. She is just another traitor that got away. I prayed for 50 yrs yrs she wld get what she deserves. Pls don’t fuss over her she is an evil woman.
Jane did not kill your brother. Johnson, Nixon, Kissinger, MacNamara did.
You’re a total idiot and must be in love with the Witch better known as “Hanoi Jane.”
Dallis Miller says:
Your a lying Communist pecker track.
Do I have it wrong then? Fonda’s the one who got 53,000 guys killed? Not Johnson, Nixon, Kissinger, MacNamara?
I am so sorry for the loss of your brother – he was mine as well. God bless your family.
Cheryl Bray says:
Sorry for your loss. I didn’t lose family in Vietnam, but I lost friends. Jane Fonda is a traitor.
Bill Truitt says:
I was so hoping this was her obituary.
Mate Clarke says:
It was very interesting I was there 69/70 with NZ Artillery so did not know of this.Thank you for filling me in Proud to have served with you all.
David H Hickcox says:
Jane Fonda committed treason against the United States when she was in North Viet Nam and she should pay for this treason. That she hasn’t is a travesty of justice.
Roger Linke says:
“Now that you’ve read the transcripts of her broadcasts, do you have a better understanding of our why Vietnam Vets hate her?”
Yes I do. The people who hate her are irrational. Brainwashed.
Nixon, LBJ, MacNamara, Kissinger are the people who deceived you and exploited you and caused the deaths of your friends. Fonda is one of the ones who tried to rescue you from them. And you choose to turn your anger on her rather than on them.
Read “A Bright, Shining Lie”. Read “Fire in the Lake”. 50 years have passed since you were impressionable young boys, stuck in the propaganda machine that is the US military.
Jim Koch says:
Stupid ! That’s all I have to say about that comment!
So you feel that what she said that was incorrect or untrue? Based on what?
It’s understandable that a young kid who’s been mislead by professional propagandists would follow orders and scapegoat the anti-war movement instead of blaming the people who actually committed the crimes, but it’s tragic that half a century later the guy hasn’t wised up at all.
Sounds like you were fooled again
Bill Robertson says:
Go fuck yourself, Roger.
David Allen Jared says:
BS. I RARELY met a Vietnamese who didn’t take the time to thank me for trying to help save them from the communist butchers from the north.
Roger, my guess is you have never served in uniform. If you did you would realize that Nixon, LBJ, MacNamara, and Kissinger were elected officials of OUR government and directly in our chain of command. While I, and many of my brothers, might not have agreed with their politics, we respected their authority and did our duty (can you say the same). Jane Fonda turned on us. She didn’t have anyone’s authority or direction to do what she did other than that of the North Vietnamese.
Wake up and thank a veteran, not her – you asshole idiot.
No need to express your anger by calling a fellow veteran those names please Research the true story of Jane Fonda and realize you were duped once again
What are you a troll? Stick to something you know about b/c you are not a Vietnam Vet. COWARD is a god name for you! Come and see me but have an Ambulance with you b/c you’ll need it.
vickietidwell says:
She betrayed the soldiers she met with by giving the notes meant for family to the Vietcong before they even left the room. Our boys were beaten and starved even worse after she left she is a traitor and always will be she deserves to be hung
https://www.snopes.com/fact-check/jane-fonda-pows/
Really? Your gonna use Snopes which is totally controlled by liberals
Gerald Olshavsky says:
A liberal traitor should have been prosecuted for that as far as I’m concerned she’s a traitor POS and will always be a traitor she can burn in hell for all I care
Kevin ohora says:
Great, learned additional details about the traitor!
Yeah that’s right just keep believing the lies About her just like we did for 10 years regarding that Terrible time in history
David Hendrickson says:
She did all that, it is recorded in print and film. Are you saying a hundred or so people made it all up? We need to hire those people to keep secrets because they is damn good at it.
If we had fought the war like we did before, battle, take ground AND KEEP IT instead of pulling out and having to fight all over again for it we might have actually stopped the North from sending troops and supplies south to the VC. Then the South could fight the VC on their own. That is how we should have dont that.
Ann Myers says:
Bob Reed says:
John T says:
I wish an investigation should be started whether she had worked for enemy and international communist (Russia, China & Vietnam)
Susanne Roa says:
Jane was wrong to say the things she said. Jane admitted she was wrong. She grew up. What purpose does it serve to harbor such hatred for so long? Let it go. You will feel much better if you practice fiorgivenessnand let the past be the past.
When this bitch PAYS for what she did, I’ll “forgive” the pain she caused us.
So you still believe all the lies pertaining to her… Research research research!
Apparently you can’t read or see photos or you’re just plain old STUPID!
Gjoe says:
Put her with Clinton and try them both as traitors.
Tipped your hand, Trumper.
With that comment so did you.
Where’s her apology to all the Vietnam Vets and especially the 58,000 plus who will never hear it. Stay out of what you don’t know!
When she dies , it will a trip of the lifetime to go and piss on her grave and post it on youtube.
Jack Chrisman says:
I will be next in line brother
Linda Upner says:
I couldn’t believe what I read about Jane Fonda. I don’t blame the vets one bit!
careyrowland says:
Jesus died because of the sins of all men and all women. He conquered death so that we might live eternally. Trust in him for your own salvation and forget about Jane and LBJ and Dick Nixon and all the rest of it. Shit happened back in the day, is still happening, and will continue until Christ returns to wipe away all the tears and all the injustices and all the lies of those who are willing to accept his forgiveness.
Deb Rain says:
That is the first I have read some of her statements….she has the IQ of a piss ant!! Having had my better half there for 2 tours and a couple of classmates KIA and a cousin as well and several other classmates and very close friends who fought there as well and came home I hope her soul burns in hell! After all she said and done an apology isn’t good enough…because I believe if she made a “heartfelt” one she still would be mocking our military personal who fought and died there and also the ones that came home….I do not watch anything with her in it……and I never will…
Elgar R. Lewallen says:
She should never have been allowed to return to the United States.
Vic Muniz says:
If Nixon or the FBI had had some balls, she should of been arrested the second she landed on U.S. territory. That’s just another example of the dissolution that permeated this who conflict. Vic
Nixon’s the one who should have been arrested.
This is typical behavior of an abused child. You love the person who abused you and hate the person who tried to stop them
Larry Spence says:
It is fine because we do have freedom of speech and opinions are like ass holes which I feel she is one. The problem is she was not out there humping the bush, landing in hot LZs, so she really doesn’t know what she is talking about, one needs to experience that personally to really comment on it. So in my opinion she can go screw herself, saying things like that about people that were doing a hard, terrible and and unwanted job. I used to like her before she opened her unknowing mouth.
Larry Spence – 1969-1970 242nd Aviation (Muleskinners) Cu Chi VN
1735099a says:
The war was a long time ago. It’s time to forgive – not to forget. Honour the dead, and fight like hell for the living.
Jackie Gruenwald says:
Yah known Jane your a f**king Commie you shall Die a Commie and there’s Beau Cou of US Vietnam Vets whom will Soak your grave sorry B***H
Rob -- Vietnam Vet says:
It was forbidden at my home to view any Jane Fonda movies, interviews, exercise videos — or even magazine articles if I caught them in time. What she did in VN was treason and prolonged that war. Her fate should have been the same as the Rosenbergs all those years ago or, barring that, she should still be sitting in Leavenworth Prison. I hope I outlive her just to be able to say “Yes!” when her time comes.
Not true, bud. You’ve been sold a bill of goods.
Read the Pentagon Papers to see who prolonged the war, and who started it.
Surf says:
She was a very high profile puppet used by the north vietnam communists to say ,do and play the role of traitor to the point of BEING a traitor only good was her looks in barbaraella the movie she’s a waste of oxygen I pray she’s saved
She actually DID accept Jesus as her Lord and Savior, but she has not repented of her ways. The fruits of her spirit do not reflect it as she is continuing to spew the same rhetoric of Satan’s New World Order/Deep State lies. So, as far as I’m concerned, she’s what is called a Laodicean, or lukewarm Christian, who has ABSOLUTELY NO idea of what it means to be a Christian.
Joseph Dominic Sanzo III says:
Because of this artical we all Vietnam Veteran disabled or not should all be 💯 percent covered for the rest of our lives, United States of America government now
Joseph Dominic Sanzo III
Not that it matters much, but does anyone know whether she volunteered for this on her own or was she ‘recruited’ by the NVA?
It doesn’t matter.
There was a money motive to Vietnam involvement .
Douglas R. Haney says:
The late CA Politician TOM HAYDEN (one of her future husbands) was just as guilty, and they both have blood on their hands. I was back home in September of 1969 from Vietnam (Khe Sanh, DMZ, Ahau Valley, Hue, LZ Nancy, Rock Pile, Qua Viet River, etc. (5th Mech. Infantry Division) And, I am fully aware there was no concern whatsoever for American soldiers either in the Hanoi Hilton or on the ground in So. Vietnam. This episode of hers in 1972; just as the North was virtually on the ropes of full surrender, she and her group of nitwits were possibly directly or definitely indirectly responsible for the thousands of deaths in Vietnam’s 1975 massacre aftermath! No Excuse at all!!! Then she and Hayden pretend to themselves that they were; she still pretends that she did nothing wrong to the American Vietnam Veteran. OK, so be it… Actress! But how about the literally thousands of South Vietnam civilians and military who were annihilated by those “tribal savages” post war! Oh yes, let’s give her those much deserved theatrical awards for her performances on the screen, and continue to praise her all the way to the grave as being a “very thoughtful and upstanding ” American heroine!!!!
Was a soldier during that time and she probably is on the top of my list as the most despicable humans I of our time. I hope she rots in hell
Britney Nguyen. says:
God Bless American Soldiers. I’m a survivor from bloody hands of Democrats Communism ViệtNam. I’ll never forget American Soldiers who died to save me from Communists VN and I’ll always keep them closest to my heart. Actually Democrats communism VN themselves have filled everyday entire nation life with fear, violence, murder, executions, sickness, horrible suffering and the stench of death and starvation. The world has described Democrats communism VN scammer, corrupt, greedy, fabricated, human trafficking and blood trhirsty.
Honestly, communists of North VN stated repeatedly that The U.S has invaded their country and therefore they had the right to fight back, but actually North VN had invaded South VN and with the supplies and supported of China and Russia, plus the supports of farmers in South VN, communists have had places to hide and shelters… Isn’t it ironical, communists who were wearing only black boxer-briefs or black pajamas go to occupy Saigon, but they called “it’s the national liberation movement”… South VN government has asked American for help. But unfortunately, most 50% American Soldiers were killed in seemingly sly-ways of farmers in South VN… Communists have executd hundreds of thousands of Catholics and continued to kill them after the U.S troops had pulled out of Vietnam for good in March 1973… Since 1975 communists Vietnam has ruled over Saigon, communists VN have killed hundreds of thousands military men of South VN or send them to re-educate camp for heavy labor and send hundreds of thousands other non-communist young men to Russia for labor to pay the debts communist has borrowed of Russia during the war, and communists have used this power to confiscate property, homes and even the heritages of Saigon VN, discarding its people into the jungle and Cambodia to reclaiming wasteland in low mountain area, and communists Vietnam have also invaded Cambodia 1979… Furthermore, they’ve slaughtered hundreds of thousands republicans of South VN at sea who have attempted to escape from this ruthless regime… But from 1978, when the U.S have declared no more abrogated embargo for Vietnam and allow Vietnamese in the U.S send mail and presents back home for their family, communists have builded many big boats to transfers their own citizens from Vietnam to Thailand and Hong Kong to collected 10 to 15 ounces of gold for each person, fews people paid less, many communist farmers and fishermen went free (who spied and lived in South VN during war-time and carry out underground activities in enemy-occupied zones and farmers). Communists VN have also connect between U.S and Vietnam that you can give them some pictures and address of anyone in your family that you wanna he/she getting out of Vietnam, so they come to Vietnam and bring to Hong Kong or Thailand, then they take some pictures and a notice of your loves ones to give to you as the evident to collect $5.000 dollars in cash that communists VN are the chief-leaders. After 1995 all refugee camps in Asia have closed to STOP economy immigrations movement of communists VN, so communists VN must ended the human trafficking. Communists Vietnam have also used kids to collect money and food from the U.S and Western Europe as Vietnam hunger children fund and Vietnam children projects fund, which aids fund it’s from America and Western Europe were sent to Vietnam to help the poor children. All communism Vietnam has done is they’ve helped are themselves and their families to have and to live the good life on the money of Americans and Western Europe people… NewYork Time Magazine, People Magazine, Australia News Reporters, England News Reporters and Europe News Reporters have declared “Vietnam is a peacefully country in the world” and “People of Vietnam are the happiest people in the world”. That’s the reason President Trump and First Lady Melania have never told about human right when they were in Vietnam. But communists Vietnam have always blamed American for war, so they could receive more money funds and aids from American, and even after few decades, they still want to digging more money from American and communists Vietnam in U.S have declared “The Vietnam war, we have not only gained Saigon. But we have also gained California”… Famous Vietnamese comedy Bảo Liêm in U.S has sang “This rain season has more water than last season, last rain season had less water than this time” Please boycott everything “Made in Vietnam” and “Never Trust Communists Vietnam”. The fresh and warm blood of American Soldier have nurtured communists VN look beautiful as the world seeing them today. Thank you for sharing my message.
I think and know she needs to be shot for betraying her county we where at war and she went with the enemy I was there and will never forgive her for what she did
Joseph Machado says:
There is no one as blind as a person who does not want to see. Jane Fonda is a pitiful example of a person who used her celebrity status to support a cause she knew little about and cared less to understand. She undoubtedly believed what she spoke out about was the correct viewpoint but she didn’t care enough to seek the truth that was much more complicated than her sophomoric criticism. I will not waste my time hating her. Instead, I sadly regret she not only helped prolong the war, she also enabled the death of the same people she thought she was helping.
When I was in college in the 1990’s I did a thesis on Jane Fonda and her anti-American behavior. It was strongly disliked by my liberal teacher and classmates. I fought the negative grade I got for it originally, and ended up with an “a” because my research was flawless, pictures and websites were accurate and it was based on facts. Glad o wrote the report, presented it publicly to the class and fought the original “C-“! Jane Fonda should have been kicked out of the country and should still be tried for treason. She hasn’t changed!
I can’t think of anything harsh enough you could do or say her that would be redeeming in my mind for what she did to us as service men and women serving our country and protecting the South Vietnamese people from the atrocities inflicted on them by their northern brothers.
Jane Fonda was and is a traitor in every sense of the word!!!!!!
Les Scates, U.S. Army (Ret) 2 tours in Nam says:
Jane Fonda isn’t the sharpest tack in the box. She grew up in a family full of communists. She is the typical shallow brained Hollywood libtard whore who’s presence is for sale – she lives and acts according to whoever pays her and gives her a script. Yes, she is a traitor but in the end she did very little real damage and the only people that paid any attention to her was the MSM.
The real bastard that should hung for treason is John Kerry. He knew exactly what he was doing when he lied time and again about the conduct of the American soldier in Vietnam and worked with North Vietnam during the peace talks to under mind the efforts of the American negotiators. He did far more harm than Fonda.
Carolyn Gramza says:
Read if you like …this brings up very bad memories of a woman who betrayed our men! She should have been prosecuted for treason in my eyes!!! It was hurtful and unAmerican.
The country should have listened to her sooner. She would have saved even more lives.
Ray Fisher says:
Should have faced a firing squad.
Ed Dear says:
yes indeed a firing squad for treason
Sandra Martel McKinney Dent says:
This “Hollywood Princess” was only the first of many. She was then a “mean, spite-filled, evil little girl” and she still is, she still does not understand why there are generations of military families and veterans that turned their backs to her, that refuse to show any support for her.
There are also a couple generations that came to maturity without knowing what she did the the price American POWs paid for her “cute” remarks.
She was and remains evil, not evil in the “fairy-tale” way, but evil in her “good intentions” that only pave the way for more evil.
History about VietNam
Just curious. How many of you gullible chaps are Trumpers?
Les Scates U.S. Army (Ret.) 2 tour Vietnam Veteran says:
Just curious. How would an answer to your question relate to Jane Fonda?
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Danzmayr makes admirable podium debut with Grant Park Orchestra
Sat Jul 28, 2018 at 10:34 am
By Tim Sawyier
David Danzmayr conducted the Grant Park Orchestra in music of Vaughan Williams, Andrew Norman and Mendelssohn Friday night at the Pritzker Pavilion. Photo: Norman Timonera
David Danzmayr was music director of the Illinois Philharmonic Orchestra from 2012 to 2016. The southwest suburban orchestra made leaps and bounds during Danzmayr’s brief tenure with them, the ensemble’s impressive development a testament to Danzmayr’s energies and capacity for orchestra building.
Given his success with the IPO, his debut with the Grant Park Orchestra on Friday was highly anticipated, and Danzmayr did not disappoint.
The Grant Park players under Danzmayr were at their best in the evening’s main fare—Mendelssohn’s “Scottish” Symphony (No. 3). Danzmayr heeded the “con moto” indication of the first movement’s opening Andante, which lent it an apt introductory feel. He also underscored that there are in fact two different fast tempi that ensue in the body of the movement—an Allegro un poco agitato followed by an Assai animato—taking a spacious approach to the former and driving the latter with propulsive force.
The Vivace non troppo had abundant esprit, adorned with lapidary contributions from the Grant Park principal woodwinds. Danzmayr spun the beguiling melody of the Adagio in a manner befitting one of the composer’s finest Songs Without Words, and imbued the martial second theme with stoic gravitas. He led the finale at a fast clip that kept its busy textures snappy and light on their feet, and the stately coda brought the work to its ennobled conclusion.
Colin Currie was the solo protagonist in the festival premiere of Andrew Norman’s Switch, written in 2015. Norman writes that his single-movement percussion concerto “explores non-linear narrative structures and video game logic,” though in this work structure and logic of any kind were in scarce supply, at least on a first hearing.
Colin Currie. Photo: Norman Timonera
Switch begins with the soloist offstage, the orchestra creating an ethereal atmosphere. Currie ran out from stage right and went to work on an impressive armamentarium of percussion. For all of his athletic bounding among instruments, the percussion part itself adds little to the musical action. The whole of Switch vacillates between the eerie textures with which is opens and contrasting aggressive sections. The melodic lines and harmonic interest are almost uniformly in the orchestra, and the contributions of the “soloist” merely punctuate these (often in fact doubling them).
This is music that needs to be seen live. The most memorable aspect of the performance was Currie’s rapid transitions from one group of instruments to another, which left one wondering what the experience of listening to it from the lawn without seeing the acrobatic soloist, must have been like. From the seats, if you closed your eyes, it was impossible to distinguish the percussion solo activity from the orchestral percussion section, despite Currie’s dynamic stage presence.
To their credit, Danzmayr and the Grant Park players were game for the fiendishly knotty accompaniment. There are plenty of notes to be played over the course of the concerto’s thirty minutes, and the orchestral musicians rendered them incisively, with Danzmayr providing as much order as possible to the proceedings. Switch is not without moments of sonic intrigue, but could benefit from some judicious editing.
Friday night’s concert opened with Vaughan Williams’ Norfolk Rhapsody No. 2 in D Minor. This 1906 work was initially conceived as the central two movements of a Norfolk Song Symphony to have been based the composer’s devoted researches into English folk song, but ultimately the larger project was abandoned.
The material that remains provides an adequate curtain raiser. The opening Larghetto saw fine, tuneful contributions from the Grant Park wind players, the music proceeding in Vaughan Williams’ familiar bucolic vein. The faster second section was less convincing and at times almost inaudible, but Danzmayr led a taut reading.
The program will be repeated 7:30 p.m. Saturday. grantparkmusicfestival.com/
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Chicago Chorale soars in memorable night of Scandinavian music
Sun Mar 31, 2019 at 1:29 pm
Bruce Tammen conducted the Chicago Chorale Saturday night at Covenant Presbyterian Church,.
If you’ve never heard of the Chicago Chorale, you need to change your Sunday plans and run down to Hyde Park Union Church to catch this afternoon’s matinee.
Now in its 18th season, the Chorale—under the direction of founder/artistic director Bruce Tammen—has grown into one of the most consistently excellent, if still relatively little known, of Chicago’s musical organizations. That this large chorus is able to attain such successful results in intensely demanding repertoire would be an achievement for a professional ensemble; the fact that the Chicago Chorale is made up entirely of amateur singers is simply astonishing.
The concert of music by Baltic and Scandinavian composers, presented Saturday night at Covenant Presbyterian Church in Bucktown, is characteristic of the kind of thoughtful, intelligent yet challenging programs that the Chicago Chorale has been presenting now for nearly two decades under Tammen’s leadership.
The evening’s main work was the Vespers of Einojuhani Rautavaara (1928-2016). The Finnish composer later combined this 1971 work with his Matins, written the following year, to form his Vigilia or, in its full title, “All-Night Vigil in Memory of St. John the Baptist.” But as the Chorale’s remarkable performance showed, the Vespers is fully capable of standing on its own, as originally conceived.
Written specifically for the decidedly odd “Festival of the Beheading of St. John the Baptist,” the Vespers is cast in 14 sections. Rautavaara stated that he wanted to get away from the traditional churchy consolation of more utilitarian brands of 20th-century sacred music. Towards that end, the composer hearkened back to the deep impression made on him by a childhood visit to the island monastery of Valamo.
That experience along with his individual approach here creates an extraordinary work, one of the most distinctive, idiosyncratic and technically demanding sacred choral works of the past half-century. While outwardly traditional in form and structure, Rautavaara appears to be going back to archaic Finnish Christian origins; the music is almost pagan-sounding in this collision of Christian worship and wildly contrasted dynamic and vocal effects.
The Vespers opens with a febrile tenor solo that sounded as idiomatically Finnish as the singing by the full chorus that steals in underneath the soloist.
There is a joyful audacity and love of extremes in Rautavaara’s writing, like a kid experimenting with a new toy. Nowhere is that more apparent than in the bass soloist’s music in Psalm 103 where soloist Daniel Fridley’s subterranean tones seemed to delve deep into Middle Earth with little seeming effort. Fridley was just as nimble in the latter cantorial sections where he related John’s fate, and the dizzyingly steep swoops up and down.
The daring freedom of the vocal writing is consistently striking, as the solo women’s voices leap higher and higher in the “First Katisma.” Yet there is also a sense of uninhibited spiritual joy in this score, as with the closing section of the “Troparion of the Feast” and the full chorus in the “Final Blessing.”
Apart from some hissy sibilants in the “Evening Hymn,” the 64-member Chorale was fully up to the intense technical demands of this music.—whether whispering, pleading in supplication or soaring with confidence, the singers brought remarkable vocal polish, expressive versatility and deep dedication to this performance. Tammen’s direction proved as faultless as ever— alert yet flexible, impeccably balancing sections and seeming to always find ideal tempos throughout.
The second part of the continuous 70-minute program offered a bracing sampler of five shorter works that showcased the rich variety of styles extent among choral music by contemporary composers of Baltic/Scandinavian origins.
Gunnar Eriksson’s arrangement of “Gjendines bådnlåtte” underlined the lullaby-like quality of this Norwegian folk song, as the women’s voices float the tender lullaby’s melody over the men’s three-note counterpoint on “bådnlåtte” (baby). Tammen led a performance that brought out the charm and delicacy of this song, with meticulous dynamic marking in the final section.
Sanctus: London by the Norwegian-American Ola Gjeilo offers strikingly rich harmonies, and the Chorale’s massed voices filled the church with warm, resplendent tone. The Latvian Peteris Vasks’ Pater Noster is wholly characteristic in its cool, Northern luminosity and, here too, the singers rose to an imposing tonal sumptuousness at the climax.
The most strikingly original of the shorter works was Tõnis Kaumann’s Ave Maria. The Estonian composer free-style writing is almost jazz-like in its improvisational solos; the Chorale members acquitted themselves with striking panache here, from a passage that suggests a muezzin-like call to prayer to the madrigal-like writing for women’s voices, which detach to soar heavenward.
Tammen’s scrupulous direction was manifest throughout the program, not least in the closing work, Arvo Pärt’s Nunc dimittis. From the terracing of entering voices, Tammen’s exacting yet flexible control traced the wide dynamic range of Pärt’s setting, from spare tintinnabulatory effects to a majestic peak and back down to a hushed, glowing spiritual solace.
The program will be repeated 3 p.m. Sunday at Hyde Park Union Church. chicagochorale.org
One Response to “Chicago Chorale soars in memorable night of Scandinavian music”
Posted Apr 02, 2019 at 4:44 pm by Madelon Albert
Delighted to read this wonderful review! It sounds incredibly creative and challenging. I only wish I could have been there! Any new recordings available or in the works? Keep me updated, please…
Again, congratulations from Ireland!
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CCFB News» June 2019
Family Food Bytes
NEW RESEARCH ON HONEYBEE PEST (FarmWeek)- New research by the USDA Agricultural Research Service and the University of Maryland found clues to the honeybee pest considered the greatest driver of global honeybee colony losses. Microscopic images show the Varroa mite feeds on the honeybee’s fat body tissue, an organ similar to the human liver, rather than a bee’s blood or hemolymph.
MY AMERICAN FARM GAMES APP (FarmWeek) - The American Farm Bureau Foundation for Agriculture has launched a mobile app for four of its My American Farm games. The games include Keys to Stewardship (science), The Great Seed Search (technology), Thrive (engineering) and Operation Peanut Butter (math). The free My American Farm STEM app may be downloaded from the app store or Google Play. Games available in the app are ideal for students in grades 3 to 5.
EGG-CITING POULTRY ADVENTURE LAUCHED ON MY AMERICAN FARM (AFBF News)-The American Farm Bureau Foundation for Agriculture and the U.S. Poultry and Egg Association, with funding from the USPOULTRY Foundation, have launched a new My American Farm game along with a supporting lesson plan, eComic and activity sheet. The game and resources were developed to help third- through fifth-grade students better understand the poultry and egg industry. In the game, students will adventure through the progression of stages in poultry and egg production. The Egg-Citing Poultry Adventure game is available at www.myamericanfarm.org/classroom.
FARMERS QUICK TO JUMP ON INDUSTRIAL HEMP (The Weekly Review) Within a few hours after Gov. JB Pritzker announced industrial hemp licenses were available on April 30 for the first time since outlawed more than 80 years ago, a steady flow of applications began coming into the Illinois Department of Agriculture website with over 350 applications being received within the first 2 days.
CONSUMERS PLAN TO KEEP EATING ANIMAL PROTEIN (FarmWeek). Two-thirds of U.S. consumers will continue to keep eating animal protein according to global research from Cargill. Roughly 80% of the survey participants said that animal protein can be part of an environmentally responsible regimen and 93% say that it can play an important role in a healthy diet.
IFB SURVEY MEMBERS ABOUT HEALTH INSURANCE In May, the Illinois Farm Bureau emailed questionnaires to voting members to gauge interest in an Association Health Plan (AHP). The 12 question survey asked information about current healthcare coverages, employees, and what members are seeking in terms of healthcare coverage. Voting members who want to participate in the survey but didn’t receive an email can do so by visiting MyIFB at www.ilfb.org to enter your email address.
NEW PRAIRIE FARMS ICE CREAM Prairie Farms Dairy has begun marketing new Premium Small Batch ice cream in grocery stores. The product starts with simple ingredients, including milk and cream sourced from local, family–owned dairy farms, along with sugar. Premium Small Batch is available in 25 flavors including black raspberry chocolate chip, brown butter maple and chocolate malted milkshake.
SOY-BASED DRINKING STRAW WINS CONTEST (Indiana Soybean Alliance). Three Purdue students, making up, Team Story, earned top honors at a recent innovation competition with their entry of a soybean–based drinking straw. The straw, which offers the material consistency of a plastic straw, outperforms the primary commercialized alternative paper straws in quality, price and materials.
NEW RESEARCH 0N HONEYBEE PEST (FarmWeek). New research by the USDA Agricultural Research Service and the University of Maryland found clues to the honeybee pest considered the greatest driver of global honeybee colony losses. Microscopic images show the Varroa mite feeds on the honeybee’s fat body tissue, an organ similar to the human liver, rather than a bee’s blood or hemolymph. The results are expected to help scientists develop more effective treatments to help bees cope with the mite that spreads at least 5 viruses. The work also helps explain how Varroa mites cause detrimental effects on honeybees, weakening their immune systems and making it harder for them to store protein from pollen and survive winter.
POLLINATOR HABITAT GRANTS GO TO LOCAL GROUPS ACROSS THE STATE (FarmWeekNow) St. Louis-based Bayer set out two years ago with its Feed a Bee initiative to fund efforts to create pollinator plantings and education efforts throughout the U.S by providing grants up to $5,000 to establish forage and habitat in their communities and provide an educational component to members of those communities. The grant program has awarded grants to eight Illinois schools, communities and organizations.
About Family Food Bytes: This is a collection of articles gathered from both mainstream and agriculture media and is designed to keep you informed as a member and leader within the Cook County Farm Bureau organization. The articles summarized above are not intended to represent Cook County Farm Bureau policy or positions, but rather to provide members an idea of what is being reported regionally, nationally, and globally.
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161 Things Every Cornellian Should Do
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The Cornell Daily Sun (https://cornellsun.com/2016/02/01/otoole-enhancing-business-education-at-cornell/)
O’TOOLE| Enhancing Business Education at Cornell
By Annie O'Toole | February 1, 2016
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This past weekend, the Board of Trustees created the Cornell College of Business. In a meeting held entirely in open session, the Board unanimously voted to change Cornell’s bylaws to add the College of Business as one of the University’s major colleges, schools and other major academic units.
This vote came after several hours of impressively thoughtful and respectful presentation and discussion. However, this vote was also preceded by over a month of controversy about the administration’s intention to create a College of Business consisting of the School of Hotel Administration, the Dyson School of Applied Economics and Management and the Johnson Graduate School of Management.
My initial reaction to the news of this initiative was — like many of yours — mixed. I was excited about the possibilities that this could create for our students, faculty, staff and broader University. But I was also concerned about the seeming lack of constituent input and poor communication of the concept.
However, since the initial announcement, my excitement has grown and my concerns have shrunk. President Garrett and Provost Kotlikoff have presented a bold vision to vastly improve undergraduate and graduate business education at Cornell, about which you have and will continue to hear many details. They have proceeded thoughtfully with a concept that already addresses many of the concerns and needs expressed by students, staff, faculty and alumni from each of the programs that will be united under the new College of Business, and those who are not included in the new College. And they will now engage in deeper conversations with these important constituencies to flesh out the structure and implementation of the new College of Business and ensure that the identities of these three schools and their academic programs are enhanced, rather than diminished.
As a trustee, I believe that the College of Business will improve Cornell.
It will give our strong business programs the attention and stature they deserve and it will make our institution stronger overall. The College of Business will further Cornell’s mission of serving the world’s needs, as the only business school with the expertise to address the world’s major challenges: sustainability, shared prosperity and wealth imbalance.
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As a student, I believe that the academic and student experience will improve for those students who are studying business at Cornell.
Cornell’s vast curriculum is one of its greatest strengths, but its resulting decentralization is one of its greatest challenges. Opportunities for collaboration are among the most valuable experiences that students have at a diverse institution like Cornell. As an undergraduate student at Vanderbilt and professional student at Cornell, I remember best my coursework and extracurricular activities that expanded my interests and connected me with people with whom I would not ordinarily interact in my field.
The Cornell College of Business will integrate our business curricula, providing students with the opportunity to pursue a more interesting and well-rounded business education. Further, the student life experience will be enhanced by close collaborations between students and faculty with similar interests but different perspectives and expertise.
It was for these reasons that the Board of Trustees unanimously supported the administration’s bold vision to transform our University. This change was visionary, necessary and will transform Cornell to the benefit of our University and its students.
Annie O’Toole is the graduate student-elected trustee. She can be reached a anniedotoole@gmail.com. Trustee Viewpoint appears on alternate Tuesdays this semester.
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Hotelies Confront Provost on College of Business
By Josh Girsky February 3, 2016
Almost 150 hotel students descended on Willard Straight Hall Tuesday evening to voice their concerns about the new College of Business.
Provost Kotlikoff: College of Business Aims to Unite Fractured Programs
By Tyler Alicea February 2, 2016
Provost Michael Kotlikoff defended the creation of the College of Business, citing previous reports of fractured University business programs.
© Copyright 2020, The Cornell Daily Sun
Publication Calendar
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Security Products and Services
Jisc Cyber Security Update January 2016
Cyber security has long been an area of activity for those providing, protecting and supporting services in research and education. For many years we have provided security products and services to help preserve the confidentiality, integrity, and availability of the Janet network and everything on it. Over time the services we offer have evolved and grown to meet your changing needs and the different threats that we are all now seeing. This Group aims to provide updates and articles about Jisc's security products and services as well as providing relevant news items and links about areas of security that affect Jisc members.
Frances Burton
David Hughes
Mark Tysom
Amy Crowley
Nick Sharratt
18 January 2016 at 12:26pm
High profile security breaches: Recent months have seen a number of breaches and issues with several large companies’ online security, resulting in authorised accesses to and theft of personal data:
The theft of 21,000 unique bank account numbers and sort codes and 28,000 obscured credit and debit card details from TalkTalk (30th October update here) received the most coverage.
A few days later, BBC News reported that a fault with Marks and Spencer's website allowed customers to see each other's details when they logged into their own accounts (though it would appear that this was the result of a technical glitch rather than an attack).
Vodafone also announced that it had been subject to an attack resulting in 1,827 customers having their accounts accessed.
James Davis, Jisc’s Information Security Manager, highlighted in a blog post that, because it’s likely the TalkTalk breach was via an SQL injection or a similar application vulnerability, encrypting the personal data held would not have provided any protection:
“By necessity the application needs access to cleartext data to be able to process and present it. So if a vulnerability is present in an application, it's highly likely to give the same access to the data as the application had - in cleartext.”
This underlines the importance of fully understanding risks in order to implement the right protections to address them. More generally, such incidents demonstrate the need for continued vigilance in the face of the growing number of risks and threats, as well as the risk of reputational damage arising from negative media coverage in the event of an incident. Further commentary from BBC News here with advice on what to do to improve cyber security here.
Janet CSIRT incident statistics: Janet’s CSIRT publishes details of the number and type of new incidents handled each month; see figures for October, November and December 2015 (a description of the classification scheme the Janet CSIRT uses to record incidents is available here.
The Janet network came under a sustained DDoS attack in December and the incident report can be viewed here
The wider context: Of particular concern is the fact that attacks are increasing in complexity and duration as well as in number. A number of internet service providers and equipment manufacturers provide regular updates on the changing cyber security and threat landscape; recent examples include:
Akamai’s Q3 2015 State of the Internet – Security report revealed that in Q3 2015 the total number of distributed denial of service (DDoS) attacks recorded on Akamai’s routed network increased by 180% over Q3 2014, and by 23% over Q2 2015. At the same time decreases were observed in average attack duration, average peak bandwidth and volume, attributed largely to the increasing use of DDoS-for-hire booter-stresser tools. Average peak bandwidth was 5.15 Gbps, down 25% from Q2, and average peak volume was 1.57 million packets per second (Mpps), down 43%. Q3 data showed the UK as the top source country for DDoS attacks, responsible for 26% of attacks. The number of attacks measuring 100Gbps or more dropped from 12 in Q2 to 8 in Q3. Akamai expects more records to be set for the number of DDoS attacks recorded on its routed network in coming months, with attack vector and methods continuing to vary. Akamai also expects to continue to see malware in ads and third-party service attacks as attackers continue to find security holes in the many widgets and plugins used across myriad platforms.
Cisco’s 2015 2015 Midyear Security Report (also see this video overview) showed that threats are continuing to evolve rapidly in sophistication; some attacks employ obfuscation techniques to slip past network defences and evade detection, sometimes for long periods of time (also see this commentary from BBC News). For example, some exploit kit authors are incorporating text from Jane Austen’s Sense and Sensibility into web landing pages that host their exploit kits. Antivirus and other security solutions are more likely to categorize these pages as legitimate after “reading” such text. Other malware now attempts to destroy data and render machines inoperable if it detects it has been modified. Attacks designed to target vulnerabilities are being integrated so quickly into exploit kits like Angler (more here) and Nuclear that it is becoming increasingly difficult for security teams to keep pace (creating a “patching gap”).
Trend Micro’s latest quarterly threat round up for Q3 2015 focused on the impact of high profile data breaches such as the hacking of the Ashley Madison website, suggesting that similar attacks are likely in future: “Dumping stolen confidential information in public domains can tarnish victims’ reputations and cause far greater damage than business disruptions that result from web defacement and distributed denial-of-service (DDoS) attacks.” The report also described the growth in mobile malware across both Android and iOS devices and revealed that Angler continued to be the most widely used exploit kit. Trend Micro’s previous round up for Q2 2015 highlighted how basic malware components and tools have become so available and simple to use that any fledging individual cybercriminal can now run their own malicious enterprise. Trend Micro also reported the exploitation during this quarter of WordPress’s content management system (CMS) via the insertion of a malicious JavaScript code into its administrator browser window. This allows cross-site scripting (XSS) attacks via comment boxes in forums and discussion boards on WordPress sites, which make up a fourth of the Internet. These kinds of vulnerabilities and issues underline the importance of organisations maintaining close monitoring of the core software and plug-ins used, together with the need for good penetration testing on custom applications.
McAfee Labs’ most recent quarterly threat report also flagged the growing complexity of attacks. The adoption of cloud services has changed the nature of some attacks, as devices are attacked not for the small amount of data that they store, but as a path to where the important data resides. Cybercrime has now grown into a full-fledged industry with suppliers, markets, service providers, financing, trading systems, and a proliferation of lucrative business models and like Trend Micro’s Q2 report, McAfee’s analysis highlights the ease with which cybercriminals can now commence malicious activities. Businesses and consumers still do not pay sufficient attention to updates, patches, password security, security alerts, default configurations, and other easy but critical ways to secure cyber and physical assets. These aspects still remain the most likely vectors for successful attacks. McAfee Labs also published its 2016 Threats Predictions report, highlighting the security challenges posed by the shift towards cloud services and the proliferation of end-user devices and services.
Alcatel-Lucent’s Motive Security Labs Malware Report flagged a significant rise in mobile infections via Windows PCs: Windows PCs connected to mobile Networks via dongles and mobile Wi-Fi devices or tethered through smartphones are now responsible for a large percentage of the malware infections observed. As the mobile network becomes the access network of choice for many Windows/PCs, the malware moves with them.
Other recent cyber security news:
XOR DDoS botnet: In September 2015, Akamai issued a new advisory notice in relation to the XOR DDoS Botnet. This is capable of 150+ Gbps distributed denial of service DDoS attack campaigns using XOR DDoS, a Trojan malware used to hijack Linux systems. Akamai noted this as an example of attackers switching focus and building botnets using compromised Linux systems to launch DDoS attacks, something now occurring more frequently, as previously Windows machines were the primary targets for DDoS malware.
Cisco identifies Network Time Protocol (NTP) vulnerabilities: ZDnet reported that Cisco has discovered serious vulnerabilities in NTP could allow attackers to bypass authentication procedures. For example, by maliciously changing system times, an attacker could authenticate through expired passwords and accounts and circumvent security structures such as HTTPS. According to the article All ntp-4 stable releases from 4.2.5p186 through 4.2.8p3 appear to be vulnerable, but upgrading to ntp-4.2.8p4 fixes these problems. Until then, the best defence is to use firewalls to block malicious traffic.
Vulnerabilities found in Cisco's Clientless SSL virtual private network (VPN): Ars Technica reported that attackers are infecting Cisco’s widely used Clientless SSL VPN product to install backdoors that collect user names and passwords. Once the backdoor is in place, it may operate unnoticed for months. The backdoor is installed through at least two different entry points. The first is a critical vulnerability that Cisco patched more than 12 months ago. The other infection method relies on attackers gaining administrator access through other means and using it to load the malicious code. The article recommended that, since the backdoors are easily missed by antivirus programs, intrusion prevention systems and other security measures, administrators should periodically check for signs of compromise.
Sensitive student data at risk on top US college websites: Passcode reported on a number of recent security breaches of US university and college websites where student’s personal data (including contact information, financial records, health records and Social Security numbers) has been stolen:
“In one of the most glaring recent examples, some 80,000 students of the California State University system had personal data exposed in an early September breach…In July, Harvard revealed that it was the victim of a digital attack. And, in the same month, the hacktivist group known as GhostShell repeated claims that it stole data from scores of colleges and universities.”
Passcode found that the majority of institutions fail to enable the latest online safeguards required to secure such data. In particular, US universities lag behind in their failure to employ HTTP Strict Transport Security (HSTS), a measure which ensures users connect only to secure versions of websites.
Welcome to the first Jisc cyber security update. We hope that it provides a useful resource for you, perhaps in support of your own reporting, and would very much welcome feedback on this first update, by asking you to complete a short five minute survey.
Submitted by Frances Burton on Tue, 2016-01-19 10:45
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MINTED BLOB
Online Manual Comments
Online Manual Reviews
Everything posted by MINTED BLOB
Football Manager 2020 Feedback Thread
MINTED BLOB replied to Neil Brock's topic in Football Manager General Discussion
I know posts like these aren't typically received well but I just have to vent. I am honestly just sick of this version of Football Manager. Part of the problem is definitely me; I just don't think I have the patience or know-how to develop a tactic that works. But I am just at the point now where every single time I try to play this game I end up hating it. I just cannot stand the fact that, even in matches where my team actually pulls off the tactical style I want from them, I will end up conceding thanks to one long ball over the top or an absolute belter, and then go on to miss a load of fairly straightforward chances myself. I know it's realistic but it just isn't fun for me. I don't get any pleasure in having my team play the way I want them to, and put up some fairly good numbers (I'll back this up with pictures) with that, and basically never get rewarded for it. The thing is, it's not as though I am incapable of doing well on a save; I have an online save going where I'm top of the league with AC Milan and performing really well. However, I only feel like I'm doing that well because I've tailored my team to the fact that deep crosses and long balls seem to be ridiculously good this year. I don't feel like I've particularly created a tactic that suits the team, or that I've got them playing lovely football, I'm just exploiting what I perceive to be an over-powered aspect of the match engine. I'll just provide some screenshots of a few times I've nearly blown my top recently. The first is a game against Liverpool, in which I drew 1-1 at home despite I would say being the better side. The goal I conceded to draw this game was honestly ridiculous. Mane's volley, as seen in the screenshot below, ends up looping over De Gea and in. This wouldn't bother me so much were it not for the fact that I missed several much, much easier chances at other points in the match which could've got me the win that I think I deserved. Below are just two examples: I wanted to provide these screenshots to give some context to the stats of the game, which I'll provide below. I'm well aware that simply saying "I had more shots but didn't win! Wtf!" is silly, but I feel as though I am creating some decent chances (perhaps not chances you'd expect the strikers to score every time, but decent nonetheless) and my forward players (who are very good finishers) aren't sticking them away. I won't bombard you with any more pictures; I should say that this is far from the only game where I can't help but have felt hard done by, even though it may just have been the hardest to take given that I was really really pleased with how my team actually played. I apologise if I'm just rambling pointlessly; I just got to a point playing FM20 where I just needed to get this out. I'm not trying to say that the game sucks; there are loads of aspects to FM20 that I think are great, and honestly the Football Manager series as a whole has probably provided me with some of the most enjoyment of any video game. Again, probably the main problem here is me and the fact that I don't have the patience needed to think properly about the tactical decisions I'm making, or really understand player roles and instructions. It feels like I've rambled here without providing any hook for people to latch on to so I guess I'll just end by asking if anyone else reading this feels this way about FM20, or has ever done about any other FM and if so what did you do to sort it? Sad as it may sound, I don't want to just give up on the game; when I enjoy FM I tend to really enjoy it. At the same time, though, at the moment I am really quickly falling out of love with the game...
What's preventing you from playing FM20?
MINTED BLOB replied to fmonit's topic in Football Manager General Discussion
I'm too impatient. Any time I go on a run of games where I don't win despite being the better team, I lose all interest in the save. It's a me problem more than it's a problem with the game; I just don't have the perseverance to play through a bad spell. The game always drags me back in because, in theory, I love the management side of football and I love the variety that FM brings in terms of the different ways that you can build and develop one team, combined with all the different teams you can manage. With that being said, I do think many people are grossly overstating how good this year's match engine is. I personally think it's mediocre at best because it's just far too predictable to me. It's gotten to the point now where I don't get excited by my wingers getting the ball to the byline because I know that nine times out of ten, no matter what options they have in the box, they will elect to shoot from a ridiculous angle. One-on-ones are also still stupid for me; I played about twenty five matches of my Manchester United save before rage quitting and I don't think I ever once saw one of my players score a one-on-one. To be fair, this actually helps me out more than it hinders me in the sense that the way I play lends itself to conceding one-on-ones but it is nonetheless a bit ridiculous how hard they are/have been to score on this year's game. Honestly, I just don't know if I'm cut out to be good at FM. It seems like a game that requires a ****load of patience to master and I just don't have it. When I'm doing well on it it's probably the most satisfying game out there but I just come away feeling stupid (or, rather, cheated ) when I'm losing. I will keep playing it, and hopefully I'll find a save this year which I can enjoy, but honestly I think it's probably time that I weaned myself off FM for a bit.
FM20 - Any Honest Reviews?
MINTED BLOB replied to phd_angel's topic in Football Manager General Discussion
I've not played long but I am a bit disappointed so far to be honest. I like the fact that FM20 has been tethered more towards long-term planning than FM19 was, with the addition of features such as the club vision and the promised playing time paths. However, the game to me feels largely unchanged from the previous year besides this. The development centre is a nice addition which makes tracking player progression slightly easier but in my view the match engine is quite honestly horrendous. I know it's a beta but there's just so much wrong for me. Highlights are extremely repetitive and predictable, with a ludicrously high number of long balls to the flanks. One-on-ones are also just a ****ing joke. I was recently playing as Manchester United against Leicester, with Martial and Vardy up front for their respective sides, and the keepers must have saved about 10 one-on-one situations combined, some of which should have been fairly easy to score. This has been a regular fixture in all my matches thus far, and given the number of one-on-ones that now happen as a result of the match engine's emphasis on long balls it is to some extent understandable, but there has to be a balance and that just isn't struck in my view. I wouldn't exactly say FM20 is a bad game thus far; it's slick and well designed, but I was hoping for a slightly bigger improvement on FM19 if I'm honest.
[FM19] Manchester United
MINTED BLOB replied to zlatanera's topic in Good Player & Team Guide
I plan to have him alongside Sancho as a second choice winger next season, with Rashford moving up front alongside a new signing.
Season three at Manchester United has been the first one in which I've been a tad disappointed. We managed to retain the Champions League final, equalling Liverpool's record of five European Cup wins having beaten them 2-0 in the final, but for the first time in my managerial career I did not further manage to take the league title. What makes the pill even harder to swallow is the fact that it was our bitter rivals in the North West that claimed their 19th title, although to be fair we were competing with a side that achieved a staggering record points haul of 101! As can be seen, largely disappointing in all other competitions this season. We dismally went out to Crewe Alexandra in the 3rd round of the FA Cup and lost to Manchester City in the fourth round of the Carabao Cup. Whilst we did manage to win the Club World Championship fairly easily, we were also beaten in both the Community Shield and European Super Cup finals. Tactically, I changed my set-up for the smaller matches a little bit given the sale of Pogba and the fact that my 4-2-3-1 wasn't really working at the beginning of the season. I decided to switch to a 4-4-2 given the fact that Kovacic is marginally more dynamic than Pogba was. The results from this were mixed; I largely performed well against the small sides but there were a few hiccups such as an extremely disappointing 1-1 draw at home to Crystal Palace. My tactics for big games did not change at all, which managed to see me retain the Champions League title but saw me take some disappointing away losses at Manchester City and Chelsea. BIG GAME TACTIC: SMALL GAME TACTIC: Transfer wise, I for the first time managed a negative net spend throughout the season, with the club's net spend standing at -£80M. Unfortunately, this was largely due to the fact that I was unable to persuade Paul Pogba to stay at the club and he thus left for Real Madrid for a guaranteed £85M fee. I was, however, extremely happy with the fee I received for Charlie Taylor; £27M from Stoke was far in excess of the amount I paid to sign him from Burnley. As far as my signings are concerned, both Mateo Kovacic (Pogba's replacement for the season) and Joe Bryan had respectable first seasons for the club. Neither were particularly outstanding, however, and this may well have been my worst season as far as incoming players are concerned. Probably my key performer this season was my new captain and defensive rock Victor Lindelof. With an average rating of 7.42 across all competitions having made 35 appearances, it's been another really great season for the Swede. Other strong performers for me this season have included Luke Shaw and Anthony Martial. Perhaps the most impressive thing about this season, however, has been the emergence of several of our young talents who have managed to get significant Premier League minutes for the first time. To emphasise this point, I shall focus on Tahith Chong (who spent the season on loan at Leicester), Angel Gomes, James Garner and Erling Haland. All four of these have been significant contributors to their respective teams this season, and I hope they continue to get minutes next season. Going into next season, should I keep my job, I will likely make some significant tactical adjustments and plan to spend a fair bit revamping certain areas of the squad. In particular, I feel both Sanchez and Lukaku might need to be moved on and a striker would probably be signed to replace them. Meanwhile, I also hope to further bolster our creative midfield options.
It's been a hugely successful second season for me at United. Managed not only to beat arch rivals Liverpool in the final to win the club's fourth Champions League title but also became only the second team ever to take home a golden Premier League trophy, having finished the season unbeaten. As can be seen, we also took home the Community Shield with a 2-1 victory over Tottenham. Meanwhile, we suffered an extremely disappointing defeats to Hull City and Burton Albion in the Carabao Cup and FA Cup respectively. Still, a fantastic season all round for the club. It was a largely successful season for me as far as transfers were concerned. Having had a fairly frugal 2018/19 season, I decided to invest fairly heavily in order to bolster my title winning squad from the previous season and all three of the big money signings (Sancho, Jorginho and Fernandes) enjoyed terrific first seasons at the club. Erling Haland's talents are yet to be tested properly at the club, having made only 5 substitute appearances this season, whilst Tammy Abraham was really only loaned to further bolster my striking options following Sandro Wagner's departure, meaning that his performances were generally of little concern to me. Undoubtedly, though, the star of the show this season was midfield superstar Paul Pogba. The Frenchman netted a stunning 19 goals for the club including 17 in the league (5 of which were penalties but still), topping that off with 4 assists. It was perhaps the most dominant performance from a central midfielder since Yaya Toure's 2013/14 season, and now I hope to fend off interest from Real Madrid and tie him down to a new contract. Tactically I made very few changes from last season. In fact, the only alterations came not in formation or player roles but in team instructions. Following two rocky months in September and October, in which the club won just twice in ten attempts, I decided to instruct my players to counter press when out of possession, and for the tactic utilised against weaker opposition I further instructed them to pass it shorter whilst in possession. Both of these switches seemed to bring about fantastic results. TACTIC FOR WEAKER SIDES: TACTIC FOR STRONGER SIDES: It's now quite tricky to decide what to do next summer. I'm considering investing heavily in a new attacking midfielder, with Sanchez's powers having dwindled significantly this season and Lingard performing fairly poorly in the role as well. A replacement for Nemanja Matic might also be required, with any further transfers being heavily dependant on any offers I might receive for some of my players and further on whether or not any players decide they want to leave the club.
Been a pretty wonderful first season for me. I managed a pretty dominant win in the Premier League, topping second placed Arsenal by a whole 15 points. Performances in other competitions were a tad disappointing, with us crashing out to Roma in the 1st knockout round of the Champions League and knocked out of the FA Cup and Carabao Cup by Stoke and Newcastle respectively. Even better for me this season was that this league win was achieved with a reasonable 1st season net spend of £25m. (Ignoring Dalot and Fred who are for some reason included in this list even though they were Mourinho signings, and Rojo who has just been sold in the second summer transfer window) The signings have been mixed. Pione Sisto has been on fire for me at right-wing, grabbing 6 goals and 13 assists from 36 appearances in all competitions and winning the Premier League's young player of the season award, all for a cool £10.5m. Bargain! On the other hand, Sandro Wagner has been a complete flop in the mould of Radamel Falcao. With only 5 goals and no assists from 24 appearances in all competitions (although admittedly most were from the bench), and only 1 Premier League goal to his name, it seems unlikely that the 31 year old will make anything of his career at United. Charlie Taylor has hardly featured since his shock January move from Burnley, picking up a fairly lengthy injury in his first start for the club. Meanwhile, fellow January buy Nikola Milenkovic was immediately loaned back to Fiorentina. He is set to replace the departing Chris Smalling next season. In the vast majority of matches, my go to formation was in the mould of Jose Mourinho's 4-2-3-1. The tactic and first team can be seen in the image below. In larger games, however, I typically switched to the 4-3-3 below. The decision to do this was based on an early 3-0 thrashing away to Spurs with the 4-2-3-1. Besides Pione Sisto, the key performers for me were Luke Shaw (who won the club's fans' player of the season award), Romelu Lukaku and Paul Pogba. Perhaps reminiscent of a great Mourinho side, the club broke two league defensive records with David de Gea keeping a whopping 27 clean sheets this season, breaking Petr Cech's 2004-05 record of 24, and the team as a whole conceding just 13 goals throughout the season, beating the record also set in 2004-05 when Chelsea conceded just 15. Going in to next season, I will unfortunately be losing Ander Herrera and Antonio Valencia on free transfers to PSG and LA Galaxy respectively. With Chris Smalling and Marcos Rojo also leaving the club for Napoli and Newcastle respectively, this summer will likely see me spend a significant bit more than last in order to bolster the first team and remaining squad.
A request for help with re-creating Pochettino's 4-2-3-1
MINTED BLOB replied to MINTED BLOB's topic in Tactics, Training & Strategies Discussion
Sorry, should clarify; have now removed the play narrower instruction and set it to balanced.
Cheers for the help Summat; I apologise to be a pain and keep asking you loads of questions but I've made a few modifications based on the advice on this thread plus some further reading and I'd quite like to get stuck in and try it out now. I just wanted to double check that you can't spot anything that's glaringly stupid.
Thanks for the advice guys; I'll go ahead and make a few changes and see how they work out. One more question I'd like to ask: how would you go about achieving the narrow-defensive structure without the "Play Narrower" instruction?
MINTED BLOB posted a topic in Tactics, Training & Strategies Discussion
I've long admired Mauricio Pochettino at Spurs; he hasn't won them a trophy yet but he's done a fantastic job of turning them into a top four side. Due to this, I wanted to try to emulate his Spurs tactic with my beloved side Manchester United and see if I could finally get some success with them, especially considering that I think we by and large have the players to do it. I tried to do this once with little success so I've made a few adjustments to the tactic I created the first time round and I wanted to see if you guys have any improvements to suggest. So here's the tactic; I'll also provide a brief overview of why I've made the decisions I've made. A few key traits that I've picked up about Poch's Spurs having watched some of their matches and looked at some tactical analyses of their side is that they defend narrowly and press high, with their passing not strictly limited to either short or long and the wing-backs being the main source of attacking width. To keep it simple, I'm trying to achieve these traits with the team instructions look for overlap in order to ensure the wing-backs are included in the attacking phase, prevent short GK distribution in order to maintain a basic high press which is augmented with player/opposition instructions and play narrower in order to maintain the narrow defensive shape. As mentioned earlier, I augment these instructions with the player instruction close down more on all the attackers in order to augment the high press, alongside typically instructing the team to close down the opposition goalkeeper and centre backs. The goalkeeper and centre-backs were kept simple, with a goalkeeper on defend and both centre backs with the standard centre back on defend role. In order to be fully in-keeping with Poch's Spurs side, I'd probably have a ball-playing defender in there in order to emulate Alderweireld but with the current crop of defenders I have in the squad I wanted to play it safe initially. That change is something I could look into should I make new signings in the centre-back area though. The right-back and left-back are both set to the wing-back role in order to ensure that they both get forward to consistently support the attack, as has always been the case in Pochettino's Spurs sides. The right-back has an attacking duty mainly because I want him to be the more aggressive of the two full backs with the right-winger in the team not providing much width going forward, whilst the left-back has a support duty because I would be more OK with him serving as a player who gives the midfield additional passing options as well as supporting attacks. This seems to be in line with the Trippier and Rose/Davies combination that Poch currently favours at Spurs. The midfield pairing are set up to emulate the Dier-Dembele partnership at Spurs, with Matic set as a half-back in order to have him operate primarily as a defensive player rather than a creative one who often drops in between the centre-backs to form an effective back 3. Pogba's role was a little more complex because I found it hard to determine exactly what I thought Dembele's role was in the Spurs side. In the end I went with a roaming playmaker because, whilst I do want Pogba to contribute somewhat defensively, he should really be coming into his own during the transition phases when I need him to carry the ball from defense into midfield and then attack. Juan Mata's role as a wide-playmaker is set purely to emulate Christian Eriksen at Spurs, who is often deployed as a right winger but drifts inside to serve as a third central-midfielder whilst the right back bombs down the line. I shouldn't need him to score too many goals but he should be providing extra creativity in the midfield and providing another option to the two defensive midfielders. Martial on the left is set as a winger on attack because I want him to be running at defences and providing by-line crosses to Lukaku and Sanchez, as well as providing another scoring option. However, Martial's role is another that I am less certain of. Sanchez is set as a shadow striker in order to mimic Dele Alli's role at Spurs. Often times you will find Alli even more advanced than Kane throughout the game as he looks to provide a secondary goal-scoring option to Harry Kane, whilst his defensive duties are done predominantly in the opposition half with him closing off the passing options for opposition defenders. I'd ideally like to have someone taller here (Pogba preferably) but it would be quite hard to maintain a good squad dynamic without it being Sanchez in the first season at least. Lukaku is the guy who's role I am struggling with the most. The first time around I had him playing as a complete forward on support but I've thought about it and this doesn't particularly reflect Harry Kane's role in the Spurs side as he is almost exclusively a goalscorer, preferring to allow the players behind him to do the brunt of the creative work. I've set him as an advanced forward in this tactic as I think that more closely reflects Kane's role in Spurs' side but I am deliberating over whether it might even be better to use Lukaku as a target man instead. With all that being said, I'd really appreciate it if the cleverer guys than me on the tactics forums could offer some advice on where I might look to improve the set-up I've provided, as well as any keen Spurs fans providing suggestions on how I could get it to more closely mimic their playing style in real life.
Man United win it all!!
MINTED BLOB replied to Pablo Sanchez's topic in Football Manager General Discussion
Phaha, someone try telling my saves that. I've tried to manage them in a host of different ways and I can never get the b@$t@rd$ to play well!
Rip my tactic to shreads
Thanks for the advice; I'll have a look at the things you suggested and see if I can move forward from there. My biggest take from all that is that I probably need to be more aware of the way in which my mentality will naturally effect the roles. I sort of forgot about this entirely when building this tactic.
I have a bad case of the Dunning Kruger effect when it comes to Football Manager. I create tactics in game which I think are guaranteed to unleash a rip-roaring United side not seen since Sir Alex and instead I find them flopping. Now, I do think that sometimes I create a number of chances that my players should be scoring and don't but the problem is definitely to do with tactical incompetence on my part because the way I want the team to play and the way they end up playing are almost always two different things. To make it easier for people to criticise my tactic and make a few suggestions as to things I could perhaps try instead, I'll try to go through the tactical decisions I've made and my reasons for making them and perhaps you'll spot some glaring stupidity in my thinking. THE PHILOSOPHY/HOW I WANTED MY TEAM TO PLAY: I'll make this a bullet-point list outlining some of the core principles I wanted my team to play by: I want Lukaku to be the main goalscorer and I want the team to create chances for him via defence splitting through balls that leave him one on one with the goalkeeper as well as crosses played in from the byline. I feel these most effectively utilise Lukaku's strengths I want my team to play a patient, passing game. Playing with United means that the bulk of my opposition sit back against me so I think the most effective way to create quality chances will be to play the ball around patiently and waiting for an opportunity to create a chance, preferably via one of the aforementioned means. I want Pogba to be the primary creator for the side. His attributes make him well suited to being the player that links midfield to attack Defensively, I want Matic to drop deep and sort of act like a fourth centre back, with the left and right sided centre backs fanning out a little bit and covering the wide areas. This allows the complete wing-backs to be more advanced THE SHAPE, MENTALITY AND INSTRUCTIONS: So I opted to go for what can essentially be called a 3-5-2 formation. This gives me three men in midfield which is necessary to A. allow Pogba to play primarily as an advanced player with two others there to provide cover and B. offer options for players when looking to play the patient passing game. The fact that there are two up front means that there should always be another forward for the opposition centre backs to worry about, which I was hoping would prevent defenders from doubling up on Lukaku and perhaps offer him more space to make runs into. I set the mentality to defensive. I was hoping this would encourage my players to be more patient in their build up without necessarily having to play on a low mentality. It sacrifices something in terms of aggression but I'm not too concerned about that because playing aggressive, fast football against teams that sit back is not a style that I think that suits the attacking players at United. My structured shape was chosen to give the players space to pass into. In order for the players to pass the ball around in search of an opportunity to create a chance, I thought they'd need to have space they could move into in order to give players an option. The team instructions I went with are as follows: Play out of defence: This was included to prevent the defenders from hoofing the ball up the field and instead encourage them to play the ball through the midfield, in-keeping with the patient build up ideal Pass into space: Considering I'd opted for a structured shape that left lots of space open, I believed it made sense to encourage players to pass the ball into this space rather than trying to play to feet. I was also hoping this may encourage the through balls to Lukaku that might have seen him one on one with the keeper. Play wider: This in tandem with my structured shape was included to present players with space to move into which I wanted in order to maximise passing options I didn't include this in the screenshot but I later added the instruction Roam from Positions into the mix in order to encourage players to move into the space provided by the wider, structured shape. THE ROLES: So I'll go through each role in turn and explain why I chose said role, as well as any player instructions I included. GK: Goalkeeper; Defend (Distribute to Centre Backs): I wanted to keep the goalkeeper role simple because I don't feel there would've been enough space in behind my defensive line to make the sweeper keeper role worth risking. I instructed him to distribute to the centre backs in order to prevent him from hoofing it long, which I felt would lead to wasted opportunities. CBS: Centre Back; Defend: No nonsense here. I wanted each centre back to play simple balls out of defence, so the ball playing defender role would've been counter-intuitive because it encourages risky passes. A potential change I might make here is to put the left sided centre back on to a cover duty in order to offer some protection on that flank following the LWBs advanced position, although in game I didn't notice any major issues when it came to defending the left flank in all honesty. WBS: Complete Wing Back; Support (Right), Attack (Left) (Fewer Risky Passes): I wanted both of my wing backs to provide a significant threat going forward by virtue of the fact that they're my only wide players. They should also be encouraged to cross the ball from the byline as I feel these sorts of crosses are generally far more effective than deeper ones as they allow for more players to get into the box. I select one attack duty and one support duty in order to have one wing back who acts like a more aggressive version of the defensive winger whilst the other also looks to get forward but supplements this by supporting the midfield and offering another passing option. Which side each duty is on is neither here nor there really, although generally speaking the attacking full back is typically the left-sided one. I instructed both of them to play fewer risky passes as I didn't want either of them to be conceding possession in deeper positions. DM: Half Back; Defend: I went with a half back as I wanted the defensive midfielder to provide cover to the more aggressive centre mids, as well as looking to recyle possession rather than playing risky passes himself. This is, however, one of the roles I'm least sure about. RCM: Box to Box Midfielder; Support: I went with the box to box midfielder role as I wanted this centre mid to perform two main tasks. 1. Offer a passing option when on the ball and 2. Do the defensive dog-work which allows Pogba (the other CM) greater freedom. LCM: Roaming Playmaker; Support (More Risky Passes): This is the role occupied by Pogba, the prime creator in the side. I chose to play him as a roaming playmaker so that he'd constantly look to move into the space created by my team shape as well as regularly utilise his good dribbling skills to dribble the ball into a more advanced position. I instructed him to play more risky passes so that he might look to play the through balls into Lukaku. STCL: Deep Lying Forward; Support (Close Down Much More): I opted to use a deep lying forward in order to have this player looking to drag defenders out of position and open up space for Lukaku to run into. This role also allows him to look to play in other players, be it Lukaku or the advancing wing backs. Close down much more was selected simply to encourage the player to put pressure on opposition defenders, forcing them into a rushed pass and maybe even a mistake. STCR: Poacher; Attack (Close Down Much More): This is Lukaku's role in the team. I selected this role mainly because the description given in-game suits what I wanted Lukaku to do perfectly. It states "The poacher sits on the shoulder of the last defender, looking to break the defensive line and run onto through balls from the midfield". This is exactly what I was hoping for from Lukaku; I didn't want him to worry about getting involved in the build up play, I just wanted him to be the man to score the chances created by the rest of the side. The reasons for having him close down more are the exact same as the ones given for the deep lying forward. A FEW ISSUES I NOTICED AND HOW I TRIED TO FIX THEM: 1. So very quickly I noticed that the team was struggling to retain possession and this seemed to stem from there being a lack of passing options across the park. I instructed the players to Roam from Positions once I spotted this issue and it did seem to alleviate the problem to some extent but it didn't massively help to bring about the style of build up I was aiming for. 2. I also noticed that my box to box midfielder was shooting far more often than I'd have liked. I tried to solve this by adding the PI Shoot less Often as well as changing the deep-lying forward role to a false nine, which by description seemed to accomplish everything I wanted from the left sided striker whilst potentially also offering another passing option for the BBM to consider rather than taking a shot. I hope with all this I've given you enough to work with when it comes to criticising my tactic. I wanted to provide some depth regarding my thought process as I feel as though this might make it easier for more seasoned players to point out any mistakes I might be making. As the title says, feel free to rip into what I've said here. I'm desperately looking to improve myself on this game before I fall out of love with it entirely and I feel like the best way to stop being s**t for me is to try something s**t and be told why it's so s**t by someone who isn't s**t.
FM17: Manchester United - The Special One Arrives
MINTED BLOB replied to mikenevo's topic in Good Player & Team Guide
If you can afford him sign Dybala. The guy is amazing. Juve probably won't sell immediately but if you declare interest in him and bid enough times he should start to become unsettled given your league position and at that point you can probably complete the deal for around 90 million. (It's a lot of money but he's 100% worth it)
Is anyone else having a LOAD of success with Marouane Fellaini? I intended to sell him in my first transfer window but I couldn't find any takers so I kept him on board and occasionally utilised him as a box-to-box midfielder and found that he was doing better than both Herrera and Schneiderlin so decided to promote him to my first team. Since then he has gone on to achieve average ratings of 7.48 in my first season and in my second season sits at 7.75 in the League (currently number one in the division ahead of Dybala!) and has scored 18 goals and set up a further 9 in that time, which doesn't include the other competitions! Seriously, the guy has been a phenomenon for me at box-to-box mid! I'll probably still have to sell him soon as he's 31 and I've already got Naby Keita coming in from Leipzig at the end of the season (signed him the previous summer and loaned him back to Leipzig) but I'll try to ensure he doesn't go to a rival club as he has been one of the League's standout performers for two seasons in a row now!
Opinions on Julian Weigl
MINTED BLOB replied to MINTED BLOB's topic in Good Player & Team Guide
I opted to sign Neves in the end. A year younger than Weigl with similar attributes (better vision and off the ball movement which are both crucial to my team as well) and cost me roughly 10 million pounds less than Weigl would have done. Managed to beat Real Madrid and Manchester City to Neves' signature as well!
MINTED BLOB posted a topic in Good Player & Team Guide
I'm just entering the summer transfer window of my second season in charge of Manchester United. I've managed to tie down Carrick for another year but Schweinsteiger requested to leave so I decided to allow him to go back to Bayern Munich for £200k. Due to this, I am going to need to invest in a first team Regista/Defensive Midfielder. I've just noticed that Julian Weigl has a release clause of £46.5m and I was wondering if anyone that's used him could give their opinion on whether or not he'd be a worthy investment (I have £71m left in the bank combined with £627k in wages so I could comfortably afford him if I wanted to) or if I should consider going for another option ie. Ruben Neves or William Carvalho. The screenshots provided may help you give advice. Thanks in advance!
FM 17 - Paulo Dybala
MINTED BLOB replied to Don_69's topic in Good Player & Team Guide
He was my top target ever since I started my Man Utd possession save as I knew it wouldn't take long before Ibrahimovic would need replacing as a False 9. I didn't, however, think I'd be able to sign him in the first January transfer window I entered. Zlatan picked up a 4/5 month injury which could really have scuppered my title push with Martial and Rashford both finishing like drains. I'm currently just 3 points behind 1st place Arsenal so I still think I have a great chance of winning the title and thus wanted to bring in a world class striker. The board had already increased my budget to 73 million pounds without me even needing to ask (strong financial position was their reason) and Rooney and Schneiderlin bith requested to leave which allowed me to rake in an extra 30 million along with a monster wage budget. From that point I made Juve an initial offer for Dybala (86 million) which they straight up rejected. I then declared interest in him which prompted him to say that he wouldn't respond until a bid was made. I then had a second bid rejected which caused a row between Dybala and Allegri and after a few more negotiations I managed to get Juve to acquiese to sell him for 94 million plus a further 10 if he scores 50 league goals. (They also get 50% of any future transfer fee but I don't plan on selling him any time soon) I'm really hoping this guy is as good as you guys say he is because I basically want to build the team around him for the next 5 or 6 years.
FM17 - RB Leipzig
MINTED BLOB replied to BanOly's topic in Good Player & Team Guide
How does Naby Keïta tend to progress? Very highly rated by some very clever people and I'm considering signing him as a back up to Pogba in my Man Utd save.
Anyone who plays a possession style tried Franck Kessie as a box to box mid? Very specific but I was wondering whether it was worth having a look. I've currently got Fellaini playing really well but I want to have a player lined up as Schneiderlin has been very unimpressive. Could I at least get a screenshot from someone's save if no one has used him?
Help with Tackling the Beast that is Man Utd
Ok, so I know Cleon stated that the post was intended as a guidline rather than something to copy but I decided not to stray too far from his template on "The Art of Possession Football", making only minor tweaks based on the players I have at my disposal and so far it's going well. I haven't been scoring tons of goals but I have dominated the majority of the games I've played and I am currently sitting at the top of the league (admittedly only after 6 matches) and remain unbeaten in all competitions. (Perfect record in the Europa League and into the 4th round of the EFL Cup) The number of long shots is slightly concerning but I think this could be due in equal parts to the lower tempo at which I play and the natural instincts of some of my players. (Pogba and Zlatan are the main culprits even after instructing them Shoot Less Often) Crucially, my team has been excellent at retaining possession thus far. I am dominating the average possession table in the league (Roughly 62% with the next team on about 54) without sacrificing wins. My team is seemingly very hard to beat (I don't often concede many good quality chances) but although some creative freedom is sacrificed in order to keep the ball, I will probably need to start creating more good chances myself if I am to keep up my form. Overall though I'm really enjoying my current save which is great because up until now I have really struggled to create something that works so thanks to all of you for the advice.
OK, I'll try looking around the threads a bit to get a broader understanding of mentality, team shape and the TIs because I'm not sure I fully understand them yet. Do you have any advice on particular threads that would be useful to visit?
Thanks for the advice man! That all makes perfect sense. The main thing I'm getting from reading around is that I'm going overboard with the TIs so I'll try to tone that down in future saves.
Thanks for that! Will definitely give the aforementioned thread a read.
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Home > Members > Representative Fortney Pete Stark
Representative Fortney Pete Stark (1931 - )In Congress 1973 - 2013
Collection of the U.S. House of Representatives
California 13 House: 103rd-112th (1993-2013)
California 9 House: 94th-102nd (1975-1993)
California 8 House: 93rd (1973-1975)
Legislation Sponsored or Cosponsored by Fortney Pete Stark
Subject — Policy Area : Animals Cosponsored Legislation
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1. H.R.6388 — 112th Congress (2011-2012) To amend the Horse Protection Act to designate additional unlawful acts under the Act, strengthen penalties for violations of the Act, improve Department of Agriculture enforcement of the Act, and for other purposes. Sponsor: Rep. Whitfield, Ed [R-KY-1] (Introduced 09/13/2012) Cosponsors: (56) Committees: House - Energy and Commerce Latest Action: House - 09/14/2012 Referred to the Subcommittee on Commerce, Manufacturing, and Trade. (All Actions) Tracker:
2. H.R.4306 — 112th Congress (2011-2012) Captive Primate Safety Act Sponsor: Rep. Fitzpatrick, Michael G. [R-PA-8] (Introduced 03/29/2012) Cosponsors: (9) Committees: House - Natural Resources Latest Action: House - 04/16/2012 Referred to the Subcommittee on Fisheries, Wildlife, Oceans, and Insular Affairs. (All Actions) Tracker:
3. H.R.4122 — 112th Congress (2011-2012) Big Cats and Public Safety Protection Act Sponsor: Rep. McKeon, Howard P. "Buck" [R-CA-25] (Introduced 03/01/2012) Cosponsors: (61) Committees: House - Natural Resources Latest Action: House - 03/09/2012 Referred to the Subcommittee on Fisheries, Wildlife, Oceans, and Insular Affairs. (All Actions) Tracker:
4. H.R.3886 — 112th Congress (2011-2012) Wildlife VET Act Sponsor: Rep. Hastings, Alcee L. [D-FL-23] (Introduced 02/02/2012) Cosponsors: (15) Committees: House - Agriculture; Natural Resources Latest Action: House - 04/12/2012 Referred to the Subcommittee on Livestock, Dairy, and Poultry. (All Actions) Tracker:
5. H.R.3359 — 112th Congress (2011-2012) Traveling Exotic Animal Protection Act Sponsor: Rep. Moran, James P. [D-VA-8] (Introduced 11/03/2011) Cosponsors: (29) Committees: House - Agriculture Latest Action: House - 11/29/2011 Referred to the Subcommittee on Livestock, Dairy, and Poultry. (All Actions) Tracker:
6. H.R.2966 — 112th Congress (2011-2012) American Horse Slaughter Prevention Act of 2011 Sponsor: Rep. Burton, Dan [R-IN-5] (Introduced 09/19/2011) Cosponsors: (165) Committees: House - Energy and Commerce; Agriculture Latest Action: House - 10/04/2011 Referred to the Subcommittee on Livestock, Dairy, and Poultry. (All Actions) Tracker:
7. H.R.2256 — 112th Congress (2011-2012) Pet Safety and Protection Act of 2011 Sponsor: Rep. Doyle, Michael F. [D-PA-14] (Introduced 06/21/2011) Cosponsors: (98) Committees: House - Agriculture Latest Action: House - 07/13/2011 Referred to the Subcommittee on Livestock, Dairy, and Poultry. (All Actions) Tracker:
8. H.R.1917 — 112th Congress (2011-2012) Joint Ventures for Bird Habitat Conservation Act of 2011 Sponsor: Rep. Kind, Ron [D-WI-3] (Introduced 05/13/2011) Cosponsors: (3) Committees: House - Natural Resources Latest Action: House - 03/29/2012 Subcommittee Hearings Held. (All Actions) Tracker:
9. H.R.1513 — 112th Congress (2011-2012) Great Ape Protection and Cost Savings Act of 2011 Sponsor: Rep. Bartlett, Roscoe G. [R-MD-6] (Introduced 04/13/2011) Cosponsors: (176) Committees: House - Energy and Commerce Latest Action: House - 04/18/2011 Referred to the Subcommittee on Health. (All Actions) Tracker:
10. H.R.835 — 112th Congress (2011-2012) Puppy Uniform Protection and Safety Act Sponsor: Rep. Gerlach, Jim [R-PA-6] (Introduced 02/28/2011) Cosponsors: (215) Committees: House - Agriculture Latest Action: House - 03/09/2011 Referred to the Subcommittee on Livestock, Dairy, and Poultry. (All Actions) Tracker:
11. H.Res.736 — 112th Congress (2011-2012) Expressing opposition to the use of carbon monoxide, carbon dioxide, nitrogen, nitrous oxide, argon, or other gases to euthanize shelter animals and support for State laws that require the use of the more humane euthanasia by injection method. Sponsor: Rep. Moran, James P. [D-VA-8] (Introduced 07/19/2012) Cosponsors: (8) Committees: House - Agriculture Latest Action: House - 08/13/2012 Referred to the Subcommittee on Livestock, Dairy, and Poultry. (All Actions) Tracker:
12. H.R.5434 — 111th Congress (2009-2010) Puppy Uniform Protection and Safety Act Sponsor: Rep. Farr, Sam [D-CA-17] (Introduced 05/27/2010) Cosponsors: (150) Committees: House - Agriculture Latest Action: House - 06/30/2010 Referred to the Subcommittee on Livestock, Dairy, and Poultry. (All Actions) Tracker:
13. H.R.3907 — 111th Congress (2009-2010) Pet Safety and Protection Act of 2009 Sponsor: Rep. Doyle, Michael F. [D-PA-14] (Introduced 10/22/2009) Cosponsors: (108) Committees: House - Agriculture Latest Action: House - 06/18/2010 Referred to the Subcommittee on Livestock, Dairy, and Poultry. (All Actions) Tracker:
14. H.R.3480 — 111th Congress (2009-2010) Bear Protection Act of 2009 Sponsor: Rep. Grijalva, Raul M. [D-AZ-7] (Introduced 07/31/2009) Cosponsors: (47) Committees: House - Natural Resources; Foreign Affairs; Ways and Means Latest Action: House - 08/10/2009 Referred to the Subcommittee on Insular Affairs, Oceans and Wildlife. (All Actions) Tracker:
15. H.R.3381 — 111th Congress (2009-2010) Protect America's Wildlife Act of 2009 Sponsor: Rep. Miller, George [D-CA-7] (Introduced 07/29/2009) Cosponsors: (133) Committees: House - Natural Resources Latest Action: House - 08/02/2009 Referred to the Subcommittee on Insular Affairs, Oceans and Wildlife. (All Actions) Tracker:
16. H.R.2055 — 111th Congress (2009-2010) Pacific Salmon Stronghold Conservation Act of 2009 Sponsor: Rep. Thompson, Mike [D-CA-1] (Introduced 04/22/2009) Cosponsors: (42) Committees: House - Natural Resources Latest Action: House - 06/16/2009 Subcommittee Hearings Held. (All Actions) Tracker:
17. H.R.1326 — 111th Congress (2009-2010) Great Ape Protection Act of 2009 Sponsor: Rep. Towns, Edolphus [D-NY-10] (Introduced 03/05/2009) Cosponsors: (160) Committees: House - Energy and Commerce Latest Action: House - 03/06/2009 Referred to the Subcommittee on Health. (All Actions) Tracker:
18. H.R.305 — 111th Congress (2009-2010) Horse Transportation Safety Act of 2009 Sponsor: Rep. Kirk, Mark Steven [R-IL-10] (Introduced 01/08/2009) Cosponsors: (81) Committees: House - Transportation and Infrastructure Committee Reports: H. Rept. 111-645 Latest Action: House - 09/28/2010 Placed on the Union Calendar, Calendar No. 385. (All Actions) Tracker:
Array ( [actionDate] => 2010-09-28 [displayText] => Reported by the Committee on Transportation. H. Rept. 111-645. [externalActionCode] => 5000 [description] => Introduced )
19. H.R.80 — 111th Congress (2009-2010) Captive Primate Safety Act Sponsor: Rep. Blumenauer, Earl [D-OR-3] (Introduced 01/06/2009) Cosponsors: (27) Committees: House - Natural Resources | Senate - Environment and Public Works Committee Reports: S. Rept. 111-53 Latest Action: Senate - 07/20/2009 Placed on Senate Legislative Calendar under General Orders. Calendar No. 118. (All Actions) Tracker:
Array ( [actionDate] => 2009-07-20 [displayText] => Committee on Environment and Public Works. Reported by Senator Boxer without amendment. With written report No. 111-53. [externalActionCode] => 14000 [description] => Introduced )
Array ( [actionDate] => 2009-02-24 [displayText] => Passed/agreed to in House: On motion to suspend the rules and pass the bill Agreed to by recorded vote (2/3 required): 323 - 95 (Roll no. 76).(text: CR 2/23/2009 H1617) [externalActionCode] => 8000 [description] => Passed House )
20. H.J.Res.18 — 111th Congress (2009-2010) Providing for congressional disapproval of the rule submitted by the Department of the Interior and the Department of Commerce under chapter 8 of title 5, United States Code, relating to interagency cooperation under the Endangered Species Act of 1973. Sponsor: Rep. Rahall, Nick J., II [D-WV-3] (Introduced 01/15/2009) Cosponsors: (69) Committees: House - Natural Resources Latest Action: House - 01/15/2009 Referred to the House Committee on Natural Resources. (All Actions) Tracker:
21. H.R.6598 — 110th Congress (2007-2008) Prevention of Equine Cruelty Act of 2008 Sponsor: Rep. Conyers, John, Jr. [D-MI-14] (Introduced 07/24/2008) Cosponsors: (124) Committees: House - Judiciary; Agriculture Committee Reports: H. Rept. 110-901 Latest Action: House - 10/03/2008 House Committee on Agriculture Granted an extension for further consideration ending not later than Jan. 3, 2009. (All Actions) Tracker:
Array ( [actionDate] => 2008-09-28 [displayText] => Reported (Amended) by the Committee on 110-901, Part I. [externalActionCode] => 5000 [description] => Introduced )
22. H.R.3327 — 110th Congress (2007-2008) Federal Dog Protection Act Sponsor: Rep. Gallegly, Elton [R-CA-24] (Introduced 08/02/2007) Cosponsors: (107) Committees: House - Agriculture; Judiciary Latest Action: House - 04/25/2008 Referred to the Subcommittee on Livestock, Dairy, and Poultry. (All Actions) Tracker:
23. H.R.3219 — 110th Congress (2007-2008) Dog Fighting Prohibition Act Sponsor: Rep. Sutton, Betty [D-OH-13] (Introduced 07/27/2007) Cosponsors: (98) Committees: House - Agriculture; Judiciary Latest Action: House - 04/25/2008 Referred to the Subcommittee on Livestock, Dairy, and Poultry. (All Actions) Tracker:
24. H.R.2964 — 110th Congress (2007-2008) Captive Primate Safety Act Sponsor: Rep. Johnson, Eddie Bernice [D-TX-30] (Introduced 07/10/2007) Cosponsors: (25) Committees: House - Natural Resources Committee Reports: H. Rept. 110-712 Latest Action: Senate - 08/01/2008 Read twice. Placed on Senate Legislative Calendar under General Orders. Calendar No. 928. (All Actions) Tracker:
Array ( [actionDate] => 2008-06-17 [displayText] => Reported (Amended) by the Committee on Natural Resources. H. Rept. 110-712. [externalActionCode] => 5000 [description] => Introduced )
25. H.R.2327 — 110th Congress (2007-2008) Polar Bear Protection Act of 2007 Sponsor: Rep. Inslee, Jay [D-WA-1] (Introduced 05/15/2007) Cosponsors: (97) Committees: House - Natural Resources; Ways and Means Latest Action: House - 05/18/2007 Referred to the Subcommittee on Trade. (All Actions) Tracker:
26. H.R.1947 — 110th Congress (2007-2008) Haley's Act Sponsor: Rep. Boyda, Nancy E. [D-KS-2] (Introduced 04/19/2007) Cosponsors: (36) Committees: House - Agriculture Latest Action: House - 12/18/2007 Favorable Executive Comment Received from USDA. (All Actions) Tracker:
27. H.R.1726 — 110th Congress (2007-2008) Farm Animal Stewardship Purchasing Act Sponsor: Rep. DeFazio, Peter A. [D-OR-4] (Introduced 03/28/2007) Cosponsors: (29) Committees: House - Oversight and Government Reform; Agriculture Latest Action: House - 05/04/2007 Referred to the Subcommittee on Livestock, Dairy, and Poultry. (All Actions) Tracker:
28. H.R.1464 — 110th Congress (2007-2008) Great Cats and Rare Canids Act of 2008 Sponsor: Rep. Udall, Tom [D-NM-3] (Introduced 03/09/2007) Cosponsors: (88) Committees: House - Natural Resources | Senate - Environment and Public Works Committee Reports: H. Rept. 110-657; S. Rept. 110-492 Latest Action: Senate - 09/24/2008 Placed on Senate Legislative Calendar under General Orders. Calendar No. 1068. (All Actions) Tracker:
Array ( [actionDate] => 2008-09-24 [displayText] => Committee on Environment and Public Works. Reported by Senator Boxer with an amendment in the nature of a substitute. With written report No. 110-492. [externalActionCode] => 14000 [description] => Introduced )
Array ( [actionDate] => 2008-05-20 [displayText] => Passed/agreed to in House: On motion to suspend the rules and pass the bill, as amended Agreed to by recorded vote (2/3 required): 294 - 119 (Roll No. 335).(text: CR 5/19/2008 H4070-4071) [externalActionCode] => 8000 [description] => Passed House )
29. H.R.503 — 110th Congress (2007-2008) To amend the Horse Protection Act to prohibit the shipping, transporting, moving, delivering, receiving, possessing, purchasing, selling, or donation of horses and other equines to be slaughtered for human consumption, and for other purposes. Sponsor: Rep. Schakowsky, Janice D. [D-IL-9] (Introduced 01/17/2007) Cosponsors: (206) Committees: House - Energy and Commerce; Agriculture Latest Action: House - 03/02/2007 Referred to the Subcommittee on Livestock, Dairy, and Poultry. (All Actions) Tracker:
30. H.R.5909 — 109th Congress (2005-2006) Haley's Act Sponsor: Rep. Ryun, Jim [R-KS-2] (Introduced 07/26/2006) Cosponsors: (10) Committees: House - Agriculture Latest Action: House - 08/03/2006 Referred to the Subcommittee on Livestock and Horticulture . (All Actions) Tracker:
31. H.R.5557 — 109th Congress (2005-2006) Farm Animal Stewardship Purchasing Act Sponsor: Rep. Shays, Christopher [R-CT-4] (Introduced 06/08/2006) Cosponsors: (15) Committees: House - Government Reform; Agriculture Latest Action: 07/26/2006 Sponsor introductory remarks on measure. (All Actions) Tracker:
32. H.R.2669 — 109th Congress (2005-2006) Pet Animal Welfare Statute of 2005 Sponsor: Rep. Gerlach, Jim [R-PA-6] (Introduced 05/26/2005) Cosponsors: (146) Committees: House - Agriculture Latest Action: House - 06/07/2005 Referred to the Subcommittee on Livestock and Horticulture. (All Actions) Tracker:
33. H.R.2323 — 109th Congress (2005-2006) Southern Sea Otter Recovery and Research Act Sponsor: Rep. Farr, Sam [D-CA-17] (Introduced 05/12/2005) Cosponsors: (29) Committees: House - Resources Latest Action: 09/26/2006 Sponsor introductory remarks on measure. (CR E1832) (All Actions) Tracker:
34. H.R.1707 — 109th Congress (2005-2006) Great Cats and Rare Canids Act of 2005 Sponsor: Rep. Shaw, E. Clay, Jr. [R-FL-22] (Introduced 04/19/2005) Cosponsors: (81) Committees: House - Resources Latest Action: House - 04/28/2005 Referred to the Subcommittee on Fisheries and Oceans. (All Actions) Tracker:
35. H.R.1329 — 109th Congress (2005-2006) Captive Primate Safety Act Sponsor: Rep. Johnson, Eddie Bernice [D-TX-30] (Introduced 03/16/2005) Cosponsors: (47) Committees: House - Resources Latest Action: House - 03/23/2005 Executive Comment Requested from Interior. (All Actions) Tracker:
36. H.R.503 — 109th Congress (2005-2006) To amend the Horse Protection Act to prohibit the shipping, transporting, moving, delivering, receiving, possessing, purchasing, selling, or donation of horses and other equines to be slaughtered for human consumption, and for other purposes. Sponsor: Rep. Sweeney, John E. [R-NY-20] (Introduced 02/01/2005) Cosponsors: (203) Committees: House - Energy and Commerce; Agriculture Committee Reports: H. Rept. 109-617 Latest Action: Senate - 09/21/2006 Read the second time. Placed on Senate Legislative Calendar under General Orders. Calendar No. 631. (All Actions) Tracker:
Array ( [actionDate] => 2006-09-06 [displayText] => Reported adversely (Amended) by the Committee on Agriculture. H. Rept. 109-617, Part I. [externalActionCode] => 5000 [description] => Introduced )
Array ( [actionDate] => 2006-09-07 [displayText] => Passed/agreed to in House: On passage Passed by recorded vote: 263 - 146, 1 Present (Roll No. 433). [externalActionCode] => 8000 [description] => Passed House )
37. H.R.297 — 109th Congress (2005-2006) To restore the prohibition on the commercial sale and slaughter of wild free-roaming horses and burros. Sponsor: Rep. Rahall, Nick J., II [D-WV-3] (Introduced 01/25/2005) Cosponsors: (73) Committees: House - Resources Latest Action: House - 02/07/2005 Referred to the Subcommittee on Forests and Forest Health. (All Actions) Tracker:
38. H.R.3545 — 108th Congress (2003-2004) Southern Sea Otter Recovery and Research Act Sponsor: Rep. Farr, Sam [D-CA-17] (Introduced 11/20/2003) Cosponsors: (32) Committees: House - Resources Latest Action: House - 12/02/2003 Executive Comment Requested from Interior. (All Actions) Tracker:
39. H.R.3484 — 108th Congress (2003-2004) Puppy Protection Act of 2003 Sponsor: Rep. Whitfield, Ed [R-KY-1] (Introduced 11/07/2003) Cosponsors: (53) Committees: House - Agriculture Latest Action: House - 11/17/2003 Referred to the Subcommittee on Livestock and Horticulture. (All Actions) Tracker:
40. H.R.2519 — 108th Congress (2003-2004) Downed Animal Protection Act Sponsor: Rep. Ackerman, Gary L. [D-NY-5] (Introduced 06/19/2003) Cosponsors: (132) Committees: House - Agriculture Latest Action: House - 06/24/2003 Referred to the Subcommittee on Livestock and Horticulture. (All Actions) Tracker:
41. H.R.1800 — 108th Congress (2003-2004) To end the use of conventional steel-jawed leghold traps on animals in the United States. Sponsor: Rep. Lowey, Nita M. [D-NY-18] (Introduced 04/11/2003) Cosponsors: (73) Committees: House - Energy and Commerce; Ways and Means; International Relations; Judiciary Latest Action: House - 05/05/2003 Referred to the Subcommittee on Crime, Terrorism, and Homeland Security. (All Actions) Tracker:
42. H.R.1532 — 108th Congress (2003-2004) Animal Fighting Prohibition Enforcement Act Sponsor: Rep. Bartlett, Roscoe G. [R-MD-6] (Introduced 04/01/2003) Cosponsors: (199) Committees: House - Agriculture Latest Action: House - 04/07/2003 Referred to the Subcommittee on Livestock and Horticulture. (All Actions) Tracker:
43. H.R.857 — 108th Congress (2003-2004) American Horse Slaughter Prevention Act Sponsor: Rep. Sweeney, John E. [R-NY-20] (Introduced 02/13/2003) Cosponsors: (228) Committees: House - Agriculture; International Relations; Ways and Means Latest Action: House - 03/03/2003 Referred to the Subcommittee on Trade. (All Actions) Tracker:
44. H.R.5226 — 107th Congress (2001-2002) Captive Wildlife Safety Act Sponsor: Rep. Miller, George [D-CA-7] (Introduced 07/25/2002) Cosponsors: (28) Committees: House - Resources Latest Action: House - 08/05/2002 Referred to the Subcommittee on Fisheries Conservation, Wildlife and Oceans. (All Actions) Tracker:
45. H.R.4039 — 107th Congress (2001-2002) Pet Safety and Protection Act Sponsor: Rep. Doyle, Michael F. [D-PA-18] (Introduced 03/20/2002) Cosponsors: (44) Committees: House - Agriculture Latest Action: House - 03/26/2002 Referred to the Subcommittee on Livestock and Horticulture. (All Actions) Tracker:
46. H.R.3058 — 107th Congress (2001-2002) Puppy Protection Act Sponsor: Rep. Whitfield, Ed [R-KY-1] (Introduced 10/05/2001) Cosponsors: (151) Committees: House - Agriculture Latest Action: House - 10/15/2001 Referred to the Subcommittee on Livestock and Horticulture. (All Actions) Tracker:
48. H.R.1187 — 107th Congress (2001-2002) To end the use of steel-jawed leghold traps on animals in the United States. Sponsor: Rep. Lowey, Nita M. [D-NY-18] (Introduced 03/22/2001) Cosponsors: (97) Committees: House - Energy and Commerce; Ways and Means; International Relations; Judiciary Latest Action: House - 04/19/2001 Referred to the Subcommittee on Crime. (All Actions) Tracker:
49. H.R.1155 — 107th Congress (2001-2002) To amend the Animal Welfare Act to strike the limitation that permits interstate movement of live birds, for the purpose of fighting, to States in which animal fighting is lawful. Sponsor: Rep. Peterson, Collin C. [D-MN-7] (Introduced 03/21/2001) Cosponsors: (214) Committees: House - Agriculture Latest Action: House - 05/15/2001 Executive Comment Requested from USDA. (All Actions) Tracker:
50. H.R.397 — 107th Congress (2001-2002) Bear Protection Act of 2001 Sponsor: Rep. Gallegly, Elton [R-CA-23] (Introduced 02/06/2001) Cosponsors: (191) Committees: House - Resources; International Relations; Ways and Means Latest Action: House - 02/15/2001 Executive Comment Requested from Interior. (All Actions) Tracker:
51. H.R.5057 — 106th Congress (1999-2000) Shambala Wild Animal Protection Act of 2000 Sponsor: Rep. Lantos, Tom [D-CA-12] (Introduced 07/27/2000) Cosponsors: (19) Committees: House - Agriculture; Resources Latest Action: 11/01/2000 Sponsor introductory remarks on measure. (CR E2049) (All Actions) Tracker:
52. H.R.3514 — 106th Congress (1999-2000) Chimpanzee Health Improvement, Maintenance, and Protection Act Sponsor: Rep. Greenwood, James C. [R-PA-8] (Introduced 11/22/1999) Cosponsors: (143) Committees: House - Commerce Latest Action: 12/20/2000 Became Public Law No: 106-551. (TXT | PDF) (All Actions) Tracker:
Array ( [actionDate] => 2000-12-06 [displayText] => Passed/agreed to in Senate: Passed Senate without amendment by Unanimous Consent.(consideration: CR S11654-11655) [externalActionCode] => 17000 [description] => Passed Senate )
54. H.R.1622 — 106th Congress (1999-2000) Dog and Cat Protection Act of 1999 Sponsor: Rep. Kleczka, Gerald D. [D-WI-4] (Introduced 04/29/1999) Cosponsors: (99) Committees: House - Ways and Means; Commerce Latest Action: House - 05/17/1999 Referred to the Subcommittee on Telecommunications, Trade, and Consumer Protection. (All Actions) Tracker:
55. H.R.1581 — 106th Congress (1999-2000) To end the use of steel-jawed leghold traps on animals in the United States. Sponsor: Rep. Lowey, Nita M. [D-NY-18] (Introduced 04/27/1999) Cosponsors: (98) Committees: House - Commerce; Ways and Means; International Relations; Judiciary Latest Action: House - 06/15/1999 Referred to the Subcommittee on International Economic Policy and Trade. (All Actions) Tracker:
56. H.R.1275 — 106th Congress (1999-2000) To amend the Animal Welfare Act to prohibit the interstate movement of live birds for the purpose of having the birds participate in animal fighting. Sponsor: Rep. Peterson, Collin C. [D-MN-7] (Introduced 03/24/1999) Cosponsors: (206) Committees: House - Agriculture Latest Action: House - 09/13/2000 Committee Hearings Held. (All Actions) Tracker:
57. H.R.1202 — 106th Congress (1999-2000) Captive Exotic Animal Protection Act of 1999 Sponsor: Rep. Brown, George E., Jr. [D-CA-42] (Introduced 03/18/1999) Cosponsors: (86) Committees: House - Judiciary Latest Action: House - 03/31/1999 Referred to the Subcommittee on Crime. (All Actions) Tracker:
58. H.R.453 — 106th Congress (1999-2000) Pet Safety and Protection Act of 1999 Sponsor: Rep. Canady, Charles T. [R-FL-12] (Introduced 02/02/1999) Cosponsors: (77) Committees: House - Agriculture Latest Action: House - 02/17/1999 Executive Comment Requested from USDA. (All Actions) Tracker:
59. H.R.443 — 106th Congress (1999-2000) Downed Animal Protection Act Sponsor: Rep. Ackerman, Gary L. [D-NY-5] (Introduced 02/02/1999) Cosponsors: (140) Committees: House - Agriculture Latest Action: House - 02/11/1999 Referred to the Subcommittee on Livestock and Horticulture. (All Actions) Tracker:
60. H.R.381 — 106th Congress (1999-2000) Neotropical Migratory Bird Conservation Act Sponsor: Rep. Greenwood, James C. [R-PA-8] (Introduced 01/19/1999) Cosponsors: (5) Committees: House - Resources Latest Action: House - 02/03/1999 Executive Comment Requested from Interior. (All Actions) Tracker:
61. H.R.4302 — 105th Congress (1997-1998) Neotropical Migratory Bird Conservation Act Sponsor: Rep. Greenwood, James C. [R-PA-8] (Introduced 07/22/1998) Cosponsors: (13) Committees: House - Resources Latest Action: House - 07/28/1998 Executive Comment Requested from Interior. (All Actions) Tracker:
62. H.R.1202 — 105th Congress (1997-1998) Captive Exotic Animal Protection Act of 1997 Sponsor: Rep. Brown, George E., Jr. [D-CA-42] (Introduced 03/20/1997) Cosponsors: (101) Committees: House - Judiciary Latest Action: House - 04/02/1997 Referred to the Subcommittee on Crime. (All Actions) Tracker:
63. H.R.1176 — 105th Congress (1997-1998) To end the use of steel jaw leghold traps on animals in the United States. Sponsor: Rep. Lowey, Nita M. [D-NY-18] (Introduced 03/20/1997) Cosponsors: (92) Committees: House - Commerce; Ways and Means; International Relations; Judiciary Latest Action: House - 04/04/1997 Referred to the Subcommittee on Telecommunications, Trade, and Consumer Protection. (All Actions) Tracker:
64. H.R.619 — 105th Congress (1997-1998) Bear Protection Act Sponsor: Rep. Porter, John Edward [R-IL-10] (Introduced 02/05/1997) Cosponsors: (142) Committees: House - Resources; International Relations; Ways and Means Latest Action: House - 02/24/1997 Referred to the Subcommittee on Asia and the Pacific. (All Actions) Tracker:
66. H.R.453 — 105th Congress (1997-1998) Downed Animal Protection Act Sponsor: Rep. Ackerman, Gary L. [D-NY-5] (Introduced 01/21/1997) Cosponsors: (104) Committees: House - Agriculture Latest Action: House - 02/06/1997 Referred to the Subcommittee on Livestock, Dairy and Poultry. (All Actions) Tracker:
67. H.R.3173 — 104th Congress (1995-1996) Consumer Products Safe Testing Act Sponsor: Rep. Lantos, Tom [D-CA-12] (Introduced 03/27/1996) Cosponsors: (68) Committees: House - Commerce Latest Action: House - 04/12/1996 Referred to the Subcommittee on Health and Environment. (All Actions) Tracker:
68. H.R.2143 — 104th Congress (1995-1996) Downed Animal Protection Act Sponsor: Rep. Ackerman, Gary L. [D-NY-5] (Introduced 07/31/1995) Cosponsors: (67) Committees: House - Agriculture Latest Action: House - 07/29/1996 Unfavorable Executive Comment Received from USDA. (All Actions) Tracker:
69. H.R.1547 — 104th Congress (1995-1996) Animal Experimentation Right To Know Act Sponsor: Rep. Torricelli, Robert G. [D-NJ-9] (Introduced 05/02/1995) Cosponsors: (34) Committees: House - Agriculture; National Security Latest Action: House - 02/08/1996 Executive Comment Requested from USDA. (All Actions) Tracker:
70. H.R.1404 — 104th Congress (1995-1996) To end the use of steel jaw leghold traps on animals in the United States. Sponsor: Rep. Lowey, Nita M. [D-NY-18] (Introduced 04/05/1995) Cosponsors: (93) Committees: House - Commerce Latest Action: House - 04/24/1995 Referred to the Subcommittee on Commerce, Trade, and Hazardous Materials. (All Actions) Tracker:
71. H.R.1202 — 104th Congress (1995-1996) Captive Exotic Animal Protection Act of 1995 Sponsor: Rep. Brown, George E., Jr. [D-CA-42] (Introduced 03/10/1995) Cosponsors: (124) Committees: House - Judiciary Latest Action: House - 04/25/1996 Subcommittee Hearings Held. (All Actions) Tracker:
72. H.R.263 — 104th Congress (1995-1996) To amend the Animal Welfare Act to require humane living conditions for calves raised for the production of veal. Sponsor: Rep. Jacobs, Andrew, Jr. [D-IN-10] (Introduced 01/04/1995) Cosponsors: (25) Committees: House - Agriculture Latest Action: House - 08/08/1996 Unfavorable Executive Comment Received from USDA. (All Actions) Tracker:
73. H.R.3526 — 103rd Congress (1993-1994) To end the use of steel jaw leghold traps on animals in the United States. Sponsor: Rep. Lowey, Nita M. [D-NY-18] (Introduced 11/17/1993) Cosponsors: (107) Committees: House - Energy and Commerce Latest Action: House - 12/20/1993 Referred to the Subcommittee on Commerce, Consumer Protection and Competitiveness. (All Actions) Tracker:
74. H.R.1455 — 103rd Congress (1993-1994) To provide protection for veal calves. Sponsor: Rep. Jacobs, Andrew, Jr. [D-IN-10] (Introduced 03/24/1993) Cosponsors: (38) Committees: House - Agriculture Latest Action: House - 03/25/1993 Referred to the Subcommittee on Livestock. (All Actions) Tracker:
75. H.R.559 — 103rd Congress (1993-1994) Downed Animal Protection Act Sponsor: Rep. Ackerman, Gary L. [D-NY-5] (Introduced 01/25/1993) Cosponsors: (75) Committees: House - Agriculture Latest Action: House - 09/28/1994 Subcommittee Hearings Held. (All Actions) Tracker:
76. H.R.3918 — 102nd Congress (1991-1992) Consumer Products Safe Testing Act Sponsor: Rep. Boxer, Barbara [D-CA-6] (Introduced 11/25/1991) Cosponsors: (99) Committees: House - Energy and Commerce Latest Action: House - 01/14/1992 Referred to the Subcommittee on Health and the Environment. (All Actions) Tracker:
77. H.R.3252 — 102nd Congress (1991-1992) Exhibition Animal Protection Act Sponsor: Rep. Kostmayer, Peter H. [D-PA-8] (Introduced 08/02/1991) Cosponsors: (11) Committees: House - Agriculture Latest Action: House - 08/08/1991 Referred to the Subcommittee on Department Operations, Research, and Foreign Agriculture. (All Actions) Tracker:
78. H.R.2541 — 102nd Congress (1991-1992) Exotic Bird Conservation Act of 1991 Sponsor: Rep. Studds, Gerry E. [D-MA-10] (Introduced 06/04/1991) Cosponsors: (75) Committees: House - Agriculture; Foreign Affairs; Energy and Commerce; Merchant Marine and Fisheries; Ways and Means Latest Action: House - 06/25/1991 Executive Comment Requested from Treasury, Commerce, ITC, USTR. (All Actions) Tracker:
79. H.R.2540 — 102nd Congress (1991-1992) Wild Bird Protection Act of 1991 Sponsor: Rep. Studds, Gerry E. [D-MA-10] (Introduced 06/04/1991) Cosponsors: (109) Committees: House - Energy and Commerce; Merchant Marine and Fisheries; Ways and Means Latest Action: House - 06/25/1991 Executive Comment Requested from Treasury, Commerce, ITC, USTR. (All Actions) Tracker:
80. H.R.2407 — 102nd Congress (1991-1992) Animal Enterprise Protection Act of 1992 Sponsor: Rep. Stenholm, Charles W. [D-TX-17] (Introduced 05/20/1991) Cosponsors: (264) Committees: House - Agriculture; Judiciary Committee Reports: H.Rept 102-498 Part 1; H.Rept 102-498 Part 2 Latest Action: House - 08/04/1992 Laid on the table. See S. 544 for further action. (All Actions) Tracker:
Array ( [actionDate] => 1992-08-04 [displayText] => Passed/agreed to in House: On motion to suspend the rules and pass the bill, as amended Agreed to by voice vote. [externalActionCode] => 8000 [description] => Passed House )
81. H.R.1354 — 102nd Congress (1991-1992) To end the use of steel jaw leghold traps on animals in the United States. Sponsor: Rep. Scheuer, James H. [D-NY-8] (Introduced 03/07/1991) Cosponsors: (112) Committees: House - Energy and Commerce Latest Action: House - 03/25/1991 Referred to the Subcommittee on Commerce, Consumer Protection and Competitiveness. (All Actions) Tracker:
82. H.R.744 — 102nd Congress (1991-1992) Kangaroo Protection Act Sponsor: Rep. Mrazek, Robert J. [D-NY-3] (Introduced 01/30/1991) Cosponsors: (53) Committees: House - Merchant Marine and Fisheries Latest Action: House - 02/06/1991 Executive Comment Requested from Commerce, Interior, State. (All Actions) Tracker:
83. H.R.318 — 102nd Congress (1991-1992) Anti-Live Animal Lure Act Sponsor: Rep. Dornan, Robert K. [R-CA-38] (Introduced 01/03/1991) Cosponsors: (45) Committees: House - Agriculture Latest Action: House - 02/07/1991 Referred to the Subcommittee on Department Operations, Research, and Foreign Agriculture. (All Actions) Tracker:
84. H.R.261 — 102nd Congress (1991-1992) Dolphin Protection and Fair Fishing Act of 1991 Sponsor: Rep. Boxer, Barbara [D-CA-6] (Introduced 01/03/1991) Cosponsors: (165) Committees: House - Merchant Marine and Fisheries Latest Action: House - 02/06/1991 Executive Comment Requested from Commerce, Marine Mammal Comm, State. (All Actions) Tracker:
85. H.R.252 — 102nd Congress (1991-1992) To provide protection for veal calves. Sponsor: Rep. Bennett, Charles E. [D-FL-3] (Introduced 01/03/1991) Cosponsors: (95) Committees: House - Agriculture Latest Action: House - 03/19/1992 Unfavorable Executive Comment Received from USDA. (All Actions) Tracker:
86. H.J.Res.301 — 102nd Congress (1991-1992) To designate the week beginning June 7, 1992, as "Animal Rights Awareness Week". Sponsor: Rep. Pallone, Frank, Jr. [D-NJ-3] (Introduced 07/16/1991) Cosponsors: (65) Committees: House - Post Office and Civil Service Latest Action: House - 07/19/1991 Referred to the Subcommittee on Census and Population. (All Actions) Tracker:
88. H.R.4604 — 101st Congress (1989-1990) To end the use of steel jaw leghold traps on animals in the United States. Sponsor: Rep. Scheuer, James H. [D-NY-8] (Introduced 04/24/1990) Cosponsors: (69) Committees: House - Energy and Commerce Latest Action: House - 06/05/1990 Referred to the Subcommittee on Commerce, Consumer Protection and Competitiveness. (All Actions) Tracker:
89. H.R.2926 — 101st Congress (1989-1990) Dolphin Protection and Consumer Information Act of 1990 Sponsor: Rep. Boxer, Barbara [D-CA-6] (Introduced 07/19/1989) Cosponsors: (182) Committees: House - Energy and Commerce; Merchant Marine and Fisheries Committee Reports: H.Rept 101-579 Part 1 Latest Action: House - 11/28/1990 For Further Action See H.R.2061. (All Actions) Tracker:
Array ( [actionDate] => 1990-07-10 [displayText] => Reported (Amended) by the Committee on Merchant Marine and Fisheries. H. Rept. 101-579, Part I. [externalActionCode] => 5000 [description] => Introduced )
90. H.R.1676 — 101st Congress (1989-1990) Consumer Products Safe Testing Act Sponsor: Rep. Boxer, Barbara [D-CA-6] (Introduced 04/05/1989) Cosponsors: (134) Committees: House - Energy and Commerce Latest Action: House - 04/24/1989 Referred to the Subcommittee on Health and the Environment. (All Actions) Tracker:
91. H.R.1356 — 101st Congress (1989-1990) Kangaroo Protection Act Sponsor: Rep. Mrazek, Robert J. [D-NY-3] (Introduced 03/09/1989) Cosponsors: (104) Committees: House - Merchant Marine and Fisheries Latest Action: House - 03/16/1989 Executive Comment Requested from Interior, Commerce, and State. (All Actions) Tracker:
92. H.R.578 — 101st Congress (1989-1990) Anti-Live Animal Lure Act of 1989 Sponsor: Rep. Dornan, Robert K. [R-CA-38] (Introduced 01/20/1989) Cosponsors: (34) Committees: House - Agriculture Latest Action: House - 02/01/1989 Referred to the Subcommittee on Department Operations, Research, and Foreign Agriculture. (All Actions) Tracker:
93. H.J.Res.345 — 101st Congress (1989-1990) Designating the week of March 1 through 7, 1990, as "National Quarter Horse Week". Sponsor: Rep. Sarpalius, Bill [D-TX-13] (Introduced 06/28/1989) Cosponsors: (222) Committees: House - Post Office and Civil Service Latest Action: House - 07/05/1989 Referred to the Subcommittee on Census and Population. (All Actions) Tracker:
94. H.Con.Res.287 — 101st Congress (1989-1990) Calling for a United States policy of promoting the continuation, for a minimum of an additional 10 years, of the International Whaling Commission's moratorium on the commercial killing of whales, and otherwise expressing the sense of the Congress with respect to conserving and protecting the world's whale populations. Sponsor: Rep. Yatron, Gus [D-PA-6] (Introduced 03/14/1990) Cosponsors: (88) Committees: House - Foreign Affairs Latest Action: Senate - 06/29/1990 Resolution agreed to in Senate without amendment and with a preamble by Voice Vote. (All Actions) Tracker:
Array ( [actionDate] => 1990-06-12 [displayText] => Passed/agreed to in House: On motion to suspend the rules and agree to the resolution, as amended Agreed to by voice vote. [externalActionCode] => 8000 [description] => Agreed to in House )
Array ( [actionDate] => 1990-06-29 [displayText] => Passed/agreed to in Senate: Resolution agreed to in Senate without amendment and with a preamble by Voice Vote. [externalActionCode] => 17000 [description] => Agreed to in Senate )
95. H.Con.Res.129 — 101st Congress (1989-1990) Expressing the sense of the Congress that the Secretary of the Interior should list the African elephant as an endangered species under the Endangered Species Act. Sponsor: Rep. Horton, Frank J. [R-NY-29] (Introduced 05/18/1989) Cosponsors: (32) Committees: House - Merchant Marine and Fisheries Latest Action: House - 05/24/1989 Executive Comment Requested from Interior. (All Actions) Tracker:
96. H.R.2999 — 100th Congress (1987-1988) African Elephant Conservation Act Sponsor: Rep. Beilenson, Anthony C. [D-CA-23] (Introduced 07/23/1987) Cosponsors: (118) Committees: House - Merchant Marine and Fisheries | Senate - Finance Latest Action: House - 09/16/1988 See H.R.1467. (All Actions) Tracker:
Array ( [actionDate] => 1988-08-05 [displayText] => Reported to House (Amended) by House Committee on Merchant Marine and Fisheries. Report No: 100-827. [externalActionCode] => 5000 [description] => Introduced )
Array ( [actionDate] => 1988-08-08 [displayText] => Passed/agreed to in House: Passed House (Amended) by Voice Vote. [externalActionCode] => 8000 [description] => Passed House )
97. H.R.2883 — 100th Congress (1987-1988) A bill to provide for the transfer of certain monkeys to the animal sanctuary known as Primarily Primates, Incorporated. Sponsor: Rep. Smith, Bob [R-NH-1] (Introduced 07/01/1987) Cosponsors: (134) Committees: House - Energy and Commerce Latest Action: House - 07/13/1987 Referred to Subcommittee on Health and the Environment. (All Actions) Tracker:
98. H.R.1770 — 100th Congress (1987-1988) A bill to amend section 19 of the Animal Welfare Act (7 U.S.C. 2149). Sponsor: Rep. Rose, Charlie [D-NC-7] (Introduced 03/24/1987) Cosponsors: (68) Committees: House - Agriculture; Judiciary Latest Action: House - 09/16/1988 Subcommittee Hearings Held. (All Actions) Tracker:
99. H.R.1635 — 100th Congress (1987-1988) Consumer Products Safe Testing Act Sponsor: Rep. Boxer, Barbara [D-CA-6] (Introduced 03/17/1987) Cosponsors: (112) Committees: House - Energy and Commerce Latest Action: House - 05/16/1988 Subcommittee Hearings Held. (All Actions) Tracker:
100. H.R.1433 — 100th Congress (1987-1988) Anti-Live Animal Lure Act of 1987 Sponsor: Rep. Dornan, Robert K. [R-CA-38] (Introduced 03/05/1987) Cosponsors: (52) Committees: House - Agriculture Latest Action: House - 03/10/1987 Referred to Subcommittee on Department Operations, Research, and Foreign Agriculture. (All Actions) Tracker:
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Bills (H.R. or S.) [116]
Concurrent Resolutions (H.Con.Res. or S.Con.Res.) [10]
Introduced [136]
Animals Remove
House [136]
Agriculture [49]
Natural Resources [26]
Merchant Marine and Fisheries [21]
Foreign Affairs [17]
Ways and Means [15]
Judiciary [12]
Finance [1]
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Report: Pat Riley Called Tom Thibodeau A Motherfucker For Trying To Squeeze Him On A Jimmy Butler Trade
Filed to:Minnesota Timberwolves
Photo: Matt Winkelmeyer (Getty)
It’s no secret that Timberwolves coach and president of basketball operations Tom Thibodeau does not want to trade the disgruntled Jimmy Butler, since sacrificing short-term success for long-term planning is not in his own best interests. But thanks to ESPN’s Jorge Sedano, we have a really good story about broken-down Butler trade talks that both reinforces how difficult Thibs is being and also ends with the Wolves coach getting called a motherfucker by Pat Riley.
Here’s the audio from Sedano’s ESPN Los Angeles radio show today, in which he describes the almost-trade between the Heat and the Wolves:
Here it is transcribed:
There’s been a couple of different incarnations of this deal. The first one, the Heat didn’t want to take back Gorgui Dieng. Then, the next incarnation of the deal was ‘OK forget it, let’s just do it straight up, just for Jimmy on your end.’ They finally relented on Josh Richardson, they were giving them Josh Richardson, then Dion Waiters was going to be the cap filler, and then a protected first-round pick. The medicals were exchanged, which generally in the NBA means this is a done deal. And then, Thibs called back and wanted more picks. And Pat Riley literally—I was told—called him a motherbleeper and hung up the phone.
I bet 10 minutes until Jeff Teague claims this never happened.
Jimmy Butler Called A Players-Only Meeting To Smooth Things Over. Unless He Didn't. Unless He Did. This Is Exhausting.
Wolves Cancel Today's Practice, Block Out Media, And We're Talking Mark Wahlberg Now
Jimmy Butler Continues Trashing The Timberwolves And Karl-Anthony Towns In Post-Practice Interview
Sports Blogger
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‘Dylan, Cash and the Nashville Cats: A New Music City’ Review In the ’60s Music Row’s focus expanded beyond traditional country into the overlapping arenas of rock, commercial folk and singer-songwriter artistry
Apr 15, 2015 by Deana & The Deana Team 0 Comments
(view original article/source Wall Street Journal)
Randy Scruggs, Earl Scruggs, Bob Dylan and Gary Scruggs c. 1972. Photo: courtesy of Sony Music Archives and the Country Music Hall of Fame/Museum
By Barry Mazor
April 14, 2015 6:19 p.m. ET
Dylan, Cash and the Nashville Cats: A New Music City
Country Music Hall of Fame and Museum Through Dec. 31, 2016 Nashville, Tenn.
In the mid-1960s, a transformation in Music Row music-making extended from the production of country into the overlapping arenas of rock, commercial folk and singer-songwriter artistry, breaking down genre barriers and creating musical possibilities. The immediate reasons: Bob Dylan found Nashville surprisingly congenial in 1966, when he recorded “Blonde on Blonde” here, at the height of his rock influence, and then, beginning in 1969, Johnny Cash repeatedly welcomed a wide range of visiting music makers to his prime-time variety show, changing often negative preconceptions of this town’s music-making environment. Performers well beyond country’s usual orbit saw the advantages of working with the versatile, ready and skillful session musicians who made Music Row’s studios their home.
The far-flung impact of those episodes has rarely been grasped whole, but that is the accomplishment of “Dylan, Cash and the Nashville Cats: A New Music City,” a major new 5,000-square-foot exhibition at the Country Music Hall of Fame and Museum running through Dec. 31, 2016.
With revealing displays, rarely seen artifacts, music and video, the exhibition shows the working of the Dylan-Cash friendship and their musical endeavors; the resulting arrival of varied recording acts in Nashville studios; and—especially fresh and welcome—the contributions of the generation of Nashville studio musicians, the “Nashville Cats,” who made this new coalition work. They included guitarists Wayne Moss, Charlie Daniels, Mac Gayden, Norman Blake and Grady Martin; pedal steel guitar players Lloyd Green, Pete Drake, Weldon Myrick and Ben Keith; pianists David Briggs and Hargus “Pig” Robbins; drummer Kenny Buttrey, bass player Norbert Putnam and harmonica master Charlie McCoy—all players whose music would resonate on celebrated recordings of the era and for years to come.
The exhibit’s narrative begins with Bob Dylan’s rise as a singing songwriter, with early support, when it counted the most, from his far-more-established Columbia Records label mate, Johnny Cash. Displays track their evolving friendship, which began with a face-to-face meeting at the 1964 Newport Folk Festival and continued as Mr. Dylan moved from protest songs and acoustic balladry to rock stardom. The next phase of the exhibit’s story begins with the rock star’s increasingly countrified recordings of 1966-1970 made on Music Row.
Toward the other end of the exhibit space, Johnny Cash is presented, with his moves from the Sun label and near-rockabilly recordings to mainstream country at Columbia, with excursions into the commercial folk world—paving the way to his hit Ryman Auditorium-based variety show. That TV series would find room for everyone from country legends to Ray Charles,Eric Clapton and, on the very first episode, Mr. Dylan.
Between the exhibition’s poles of Bob Dylan and Johnny Cash lies its conceptual heart—showing the many artists who made their way to Nashville, where they came from, and what the musicians they found here brought to their sessions.
Some of the first who followed Mr. Dylan south were acts recording on the New York folk label Vanguard, which was soon advertising Nashville albums from Doc Watson, Joan Baez and the Canadians Ian & Sylvia and Buffy Sainte-Marie. There had always been a country tinge in Canadian commercial folk; soon Leonard Cohen, Gordon Lightfoot and Neil Young would be recording in town, too.
West Coast rockers also headed to Music Row—from the Monkees’ Mike Nesmith to Leon Russell, Doug Sahm, Tracy Nelson, Linda Ronstadt and, most famously perhaps, the Byrds of the “Sweetheart of the Rodeo” era. The exhibit reminds us that many noncountry fans were introduced to the sound of pedal steel through Nashville Cat Lloyd Green’s playing on that album. (The Sho-Bud pedal steel guitar he used is on display here for the first time.)
Visitors can also see the original handwritten Dylan-Cash lyrics for “Wanted Man,” the Martin guitar Mr. Dylan used in the early ’60s, artwork and original notes for major LPs of the era, Cash and Dylan stage clothes, appreciation letters written to Nashville Cats by George Harrison and Ms. Baez, and, in the video displays, that first “Johnny Cash Show” in which the Man in Black duets with an apparently nervous Mr. Dylan.
Another set of displays spotlights the various sessions the central Nashville players worked on, sometimes on the same day—a Tammy Wynette track here, a Paul McCartney track there (British rockers started to show up, too)—letting us hear and see performers crossing genre lines, and giving us as concrete a sense of the fruits of this multiyear musical conversation as has been offered anywhere. Today, it’s striking how ready those players were for this musical expansion—many having migrated to this city from eclectic backgrounds before becoming new country aces themselves.
An unprecedented boxed set bringing together these musical exchanges is set for later this year. The Country Music Foundation has already released an exciting, well-illustrated book that shares the exhibition’s title and territory.
Personally, I would love to see some programs during the exhibit’s run that explore how these events changed Nashville thinking about country song content and sound. At Columbia’s Music Row Studio on the same day in February 1966, Ray Price was recording “A Way To Survive,” a country hit about a jilted lover clinging to old photos and letters, and Mr. Dylan was recording “Stuck Inside of Mobile With the Memphis Blues Again,” about more existential issues. There were now quite varied ways to be stuck. Meanwhile, a then-unknown Kris Kristofferson was working as the janitor, emptying ashtrays for both performers. A new synthesis was coming.
Performances, screenings and talks are scheduled throughout the exhibition’s run. At an opening-weekend show, featuring session players who formed the band Area Code 615 and their friends, the closing ensemble number was, inevitably perhaps, “Will the Circle Be Unbroken?” Taking choruses were both scruff-rock-influenced singers such as Jon Langford and Old Crow Medicine Show’s Ketch Secor on the one hand, and the more traditionally polished country singer Deana Carter, daughter of Nashville Cat Fred Carter Jr., on the other. This thrilling exhibit shows us how such a once-unlikely blend became par for the course.
Mr. Mazor, author of “Ralph Peer and the Making of Popular Roots Music” (Chicago Review Press), writes about country and roots music for the Journal.
News and Music
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Def Pen
First To The Aux
Black In Style
Spotlight On Empowerment
2020 Music Festivals For The Culture
All In The Process Part III: Rapsody Talks About DoorDash Campaign, North Carolina Hip-Hop And Retirement In Rap
All In The Process Part II: Rapsody Opens About Her Family, Maintaining A Work-Life Balance And More
All In The Process Part I: Rapsody Discusses Her College Days, Meeting 9th Wonder And Working With Mac Miller
Welcome To The West: Honoring The Past, Present And Future Of West Coast Hip-Hop
Billboard Announces New Charts Recognizing Songwriters And Producers
DeMicia Inman
Billboard logo via Billboard.com
Billboard announces weekly songwriter and producer charts recognizing the top 10 from each category respectively.
Previously, Billboard recognized songwriters and producers annually however recently decided now is the time for change. Debuting June 15, top 10 charts for Hot 100 songwriters and producers will be featured each week. Billboard reports the charts are joined by a rotating set of charts from two other genres among R&B/hip-hop, rap, R&B, country, rock, dance/electronic, Latin, Christian and gospel.
“A songwriter or producer’s influence and importance within the industry and beyond certainly merits recognition beyond our yearly rankings.” says Silvio Pietroluongo, SVP of Billboard’s charts and data development.
According to Billboard, charts are based on total points gained by a songwriter or producer for each song recognized on the respective charts.
I'm a journalist and writer covering music, entertainment, culture, trending news and more.
DaBaby, Megan Thee Stallion, Roddy Ricch + More To Play 2020 Broccoli City Festival Lineup
Tame Impala, Solange, H.E.R. & More To Play 2020 Governors Ball Music Festival
Mariah Carey, The Isley Brothers, & The Neptunes To Be Inducted Into Songwriters Hall Of Fame
Thundercat Announces ‘It Is What It Is’ Album
Whitney Houston & The Notorious B.I.G. Inducted Into The Rock & Roll Hall Of Fame
Tekashi 6ix9ine Requests To Finish Sentence At Home Due To Safety Concerns
Cardi B Says A Political Career May Be In Her Future
2020 Bonnaroo Music & Arts Festival Lineup
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Loango Lodge
Satellite camps
Activities Gabon
Marine activities Gabon
Terrestrial activities Gabon
São Tomé / Principe
São Tomé / Príncipe
Accommodation São Tomé – Príncipe
Roça Belo Monte Hotel
Activities São Tomé / Príncipe
Terrestrial activities São Tomé / Príncipe
Marine activities São Tomé / Príncipe
Conservation Tourism
Forever Príncipe
Max Planck Institute
Fernan-Vaz Gorilla project
Gabon tours
Príncipe tours
Combination tour
Awards & Industry recognition
In the media Archive
>Gabon
>General information
>People>
Gabon: people
The earliest inhabitants of Gabon are the pygmy people. Pygmy tribes are known for their hunting & gathering culture in the central African rainforest, and for their height: adult members grow on average to less than 150 cm (4 feet 11 inches).
Bantu tribes
Little is know about about the people of Gabon until the thirteenth century, at which time the pygmies were largely replaced and absorbed by Bantu tribes as they migrated into the area.
Of the 40 or so Bantu tribes now present in Gabon, the largest are the Fang, Eshira, Mbele and Okande. Only a small percentage of native Gabonese live in the towns, as the population is concentrated in the coastal areas and the villages along the banks of the many rivers, following a more traditional rural style of life.
The Gabonese people are proud of their country’s resources and prosperity and they are a spirtual population. Each ethnic group has ceremonies for birth, death, initiation, and healing, and for casting out evil spirits, though the specifics of the ceremonies vary widely from group to group.
Ethnic relations
There are no major conflicts between the groups in Gabon, and intermarriage is common. The ethnic groups are not contained within Gabon. Many groups spill over the borders into the neighboring countries. The borders were chosen by European colonials trying to parcel out territories; little consideration was given to the natural borders formed by the ethnic groups, which were then split by the new lines.
There are several languages in Gabon. The official language is French; while the principal African language is Fang. Moreover, Eshira is spoken by a tenth of the population; and Bantu dialects spoken include Bapounou, Miene and Bateke.
A large majority of Gabon’s population is Christian (60% of the population), with about three times as many Roman Catholics as Protestants. There also exist a small but growing Christian Alliance Church in the southwest and the tiny Evangelical Pentecostal Church (Assembly of God) in the estuary and far northern regions.
Furthermore, a syncretise religion called Bwiti (based on an earlier secret society of the same name) came into existence in the early 20th century and later played a role in promoting solidarity among the Fang. Besides those religions or beliefs, there are also few thousand Muslims who the majority are immigrants from other African countries.
In 2002, late President Omar Bongo Ondimba put Gabon firmly on the map as an important future ecotourism destination by nominating more than 11% of the nation’s territory as National Park – a new standard in African eco-tourism and conservation!
Gabon is home to western lowland gorillas and nearly 200 other mammal species and 600 species of birds. In Loango National Park, you can find elephants and buffalos roaming freely on its endless beaches.
Rainfall varies from an annual average of 120 inches in the capital Libreville to 150 inches on the northwest coast, with almost all of it falling between October and April. In the period from May to September there is little, if any, rainfall, but humidity remains high.
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Much Ado About Nothing—Twilight Theater Company—N. Portland
Claudio (L) and Beatrice (R), played by Levi Ruiz and
Taylor Jean Photography credit: Garry Bastian of Garry Bastian Photography
Deception—Texas-Style
This classic comedy by Shakespeare is directed by Sue Harris and is playing at their space, 7515 N. Brandon (parking across the street in the church parking lot), through February 27th. For more information, go to their site at www.twilighttheatercompany.org or call 503-847-9838.
The Bard’s musings have taken on many locales and time periods over the years since he conceived his plays. Of course, he essentially lifted his stories from other sources, so I guess it’s only fair we transpose them as well. His characters have been incarnated into New Orleans, Haiti, the hippie era of the 60’s, post-desert storm, Alaska, et. al. and now, Messina, Texas. The setting that is rarely done is to place it in his time and space, with audiences sitting on the edges of the stages, laughing and asking questions of the actors, drinking their brews and tossing chicken bones around, females onstage being played by boys, and vendors hawking their wares during the performance. But that was then…this is now.
The setting this time, as mentioned, is Messina, Texas. So we find the Prince, Don Pedro (Benjamin Philip), coming back from the wars with two of his most eligible bachelors, Benedick (JJ Harris) and Claudio (Levi Ruiz), looking for mates. They find them in Beatrice (Taylor Jean Grady), daughter of Antonio (Aaron Crosby); and the Governor, Leonato (Aaron Morrow), in his daughter, Hero (Alicia Hueni). Hero is easily won over by Claudio, but Beatrice is a kissing cousin to Kate, the shrew, from another of the Bard’s works. And he, Benedick, is equally stubborn and pig-headed.
So family, and servants, including Ursula (Tate Kuhn) and Margaret (Tabitha Ebert), serving maids to the ladies, conspire to get these two lovers together. Meanwhile, back at the manor, we have a disgruntled Don John (Mark Putnam), brother to Don Pedro, desiring Hero for himself. So he, and his mates, Borachio (Ilana Watson) and Conrade (Russell Owens), devise a method of smearing Hero’s reputation, giving the inference that she is not a maiden. Obviously, Claudio is not pleased and so has his own devices for dealing with such treachery before the Preacher (Doug Jacobs).
Meanwhile, on the home front, the intrepid Dogberry (Tom Witherspoon), the constable, and his band of merry minions, Verges (Bobby Nove), Seacole (Belanna Winborne) and Otecake (Amelia Harris) have captured Don John’s underlings and they confess to concocting the whole plot before a Judge (Mary Winborne). More I cannot tell you but, this being mostly a comedy, things have a way of working out for all concerned.
Motivations of villainy are one thing that is never very clear in Mr. S’s plays. Why is Oberon so irate about Titania taking in a changeling boy; why is Iago really so hateful toward Othello; and why is Don John so mean to his brother and Claudio? Jealousy seems to be a key factor but to really go to such extremes…but, then again, there would be no play without these crucial elements. Contrivance is usually something that is in most plots…in other words, if something doesn’t happen in a certain way, then the story falls apart. And so, bowing to this device, Don John must concoct his scheme so that we have a play.
It is gratifying to see that Harris has assembled this many people to deliver Shakespeare’s words and, for the most part, they do reasonably well. Part of the success of this, is that she has them speak in a conversational way, which makes all the difference. I learned Conversational Shakespeare from Dr. Bowmer (Founder of OSF in Ashland) and Richard Fancy from NYC. It is the “new” Shakespeare onstage. Therefore, one should not fear not understanding the story just because it happens to be by the Bard.
Harris has kept her set simple, allowing the actors and some minor set or props changes, to broadcast the setting. And her cast handles it well, keeping in mind that community theatre is good training ground for this Art. One basic thing, though, that should be cleared up before performing the show for an audience, is that actors should not look out at the audience (unless it is an aside) or doing bits of business that distracts from where the main focus of the scene should be. A couple of her actors have not yet learned that. But, after all, it was opening night, so I trust this will be cleaned up for future performances.
JJ Harris and Grady were quite good as the two mismatched lovers. They both had a command of the language and played off each other well. Morrow gave it his all when playing the anguished father. Nove has a real knack for comedy in the roles he played. Jacobs does a nice turn in the small role of the Preacher. And Philip is very adept as the “leader of the pack.” He has a good stage presence and seems very comfortable with the language.
But a nice surprise is Hueni as the young, Hero. These roles are usually considered lightweight and seem to have little more to do than being a naïve victim. But she doesn’t allow herself to fall into that trap and holds her own on the stage. She is an attractive lady, so fits the role physically, but she also has an assuredness as to her character and a focus as an actor that raises the bar on playing what is usually a “throw-away” role. I hope to see more of her onstage.
I recommend this play. If you do see it, please tell them that Dennis sent you.
Posted by Dennis Sparks at 9:35 AM
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Cluster Eggplant
Inventory, lb : 0
• 5 Sharess
Cluster eggplants are small and round, about the size of a pea and one centimeter in diameter. These tiny fruits are arranged in clusters of ten to fifteen bunched together in a fashion similar to grapes and as the fruits ripen their thin skin will turn from light green to yellow. The fruits grow on shrubs that can reach up to sixteen feet in height. The stems and leaves of the Cluster eggplant are covered in fine hairs, and small hooked thorns and the flowers of the plant are most often white. Each fruit can contain up to two hundred tiny, flat, brown, and edible seeds. Cluster eggplants range in flavor from bitter to tart when raw, and their texture is exceptionally crunchy. Once cooked they will take on a soft quality and the bitter flavor is minimized.
Cluster eggplants are available year-round with peak season during the summer months.
Cluster eggplant, botanically classified as Solanum torvum, is a loose western term that is given to the fruit of a prickly shrub that grows wild and semi-cultivated. It is one of the only eggplants that are thought to have little relation to the common domesticated eggplant, Solanum melongena. Also known as Pea eggplant, Bunch eggplant, Pea aubergine, Wild eggplant, and Turkey berry, the Cluster eggplant is popularly used as rootstock for growing more traditional eggplants as a way of boosting the heartiness of the root system and decreasing its susceptibility to diseases. Cluster eggplants are vigorous growers and are often seen as an aggressive and problematic species in the Americas and Australia, and in 1983 it was added to the United States federal noxious weed list.
Cluster eggplants are an excellent source of iron, calcium, and manganese.
Cluster eggplants are used in both raw and cooked preparations. When fresh they are popularly used in nam prik kapee, a chili and shrimp paste blend commonly made in Thailand. They can also be pickled, dried, or served raw with dipping sauces. Cluster eggplants can be grilled, braised, added to curries, soups, and stews, or tossed whole or chopped into stir-fries. To cut the bitterness, Cluster eggplants can be boiled briefly before use. Cluster eggplants pair well with mint, turmeric, cumin, cardamom, curry paste, rice, yams, and meats such as poultry and beef. Cluster eggplants will keep up to three days when stored in a cool and dry place.
Cluster eggplants have increased in popularity in Thai cuisine and are often grown in home gardens across Thailand. This plant is valued not only for its fruit, but also for the nutritional and medicinal properties that are found in the fruit, leaves, and roots. In Thailand, the Cluster eggplant is known as Makhua Phuang and is commonly used in curries and chili pastes and is consumed raw, cooked, or dried.
Cluster eggplant is native to South America and Africa and is perhaps the closest relative to the wild eggplant ancestors of Africa. It was then naturalized in the South Pacific, Asia, and Australia and was first introduced to the United States as a potential food crop in 1899 and was naturalized in Florida by 1930. Today Cluster eggplant can be found at farmers markets and specialty grocers in Asia, North America, Central America, South America, the Caribbean, Africa, Indonesia, and Australia.
Recipes that include Cluster Eggplant. One is easiest, three is harder.
David Lebovitz Thai Green Curry
Nourish Me Three Eggplant Curry
Thai Table Green Curry with Chicken - Gang Kiew Wan Gai
Eating Asia Sambal Hijau with Rimbang
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Amazing Oriental ???
Near Rotterdam, South Holland, Netherlands
About 84 days ago, 10/31/19
Sharer's comments : Cluster eggplant for soups..
Tekka Centre ????
Tekka Wet Market
665 Buffalo Rd. L1 Tekka Center Singapore 210666
Near Singapore, Singapore
About 191 days ago, 7/15/19
Sharer's comments : These bitter eggplants are popular through Asia
Specialty Produce Near San Diego, California, United States
About 464 days ago, 10/15/18
Sharer's comments : Cluster Eggplant spotted at Specialty Produce. Bitter and healthy 🍆🍆
Specialty Produce
1929 Hancock St, San Diego, Ca 92110
www.specialtyproduce.com
Near San Diego, California, United States
Sharer's comments : Cluster Eggplant spotted at Specialty Produce. Grown by 3 Nuts Farm in Vista, CA.
Sharer's comments : Cluster Eggplant spotted at Specialty Produce. Grown in Vista, Ca by 3 Nuts Farm.
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Fayetteville Voters Follow A Tradition Of Going To The Polls
By Hannah Duncan, BDJ 364.03
The Fayetteville Free Library remained open while the polls were open, so voters could still browse the shelves after voting. (c) 2017 Hannah Duncan
FAYETTEVILLE, N.Y. (Democracy in Action)—Many people braved the cold weather this afternoon to go to the Fayetteville Free Library and cast their votes.
One highly discussed race in this year’s elections is for mayor of Syracuse. Even though Lyndon resident Ann Dupree can’t vote for mayor, the race still interested her. According to Dupree, it does not matter as much who the mayor is or what party they support, but more what they do with their platform.
“I think that somebody that can unify the sides would be my choice. I wish them all good luck, whoever wins,” Dupree said.
Dupree went on to explain that she simply enjoys voting. “I always vote, I love to vote,” she said.
Another voter, who wished to remain anonymous, said that whomever the next mayor is needs to address poverty and job creation first.
“We’ve over the past several years lost several thousand residents in the greater Syracuse area,” the voter said. “So I think those two items would be very important.”
According to the voter, it is our civic duty to vote. For her personally, voting is not only a duty but also a tradition. Her grandmother was an immigrant and can now vote here, and she believes everyone should be compelled to vote because people in other countries do not all get the same opportunity.
“I think it’s just vitally important and if we don’t speak our minds through our votes, things cannot get done,” the voter said. “So when people don’t vote and they complain about who’s in office, I always ask them ‘Did you vote?'”
The Fayetteville voter hopes that after tonight, more people will answer yes to that question. “You can’t be absent from voting and then complain about what’s going on or what’s not going on,” she said.
Fayetteville Free Library
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Aithisgean ùra
Aithisgean Chomataidh
Research Briefings
Brathan-ullachaidh Rannsachadh
Ais-eòlas
Recent Reports Aithisgean ùra
Committee Reports Aithisgean Chomataidh
Research Briefings Brathan-ullachaidh Rannsachadh
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Published by The Scottish Parliamentary Corporate Body
Pro-Poor or Pro-Rich? The social impact of local government budgets, 2016-17 to 2018-19
Author: Maria Gannon, Ailsa Burn-Murdoch, Andrew Aiton, Nick Bailey, Glen Bramley, Allan Campbell, Kayleigh Finnigan, Annette Hastings, Alex O Conor
PDF Published: Friday 07 Dec 2018 (SB 18-82)
Summary of main findings
Savings as a share of expenditure
Budget pressure
Policy commitments and ring-fencing
The social impact tool
Development of the tool
Service classification – what makes a service Pro-Rich, Neutral or Pro-Poor?
Local government budget - context
Local government settlement 2015-16 to 2018-19
Council tax income
Findings: Analysis of local authorities' savings plans 2018-19
Section 1: Local authority expenditure
Local authority expenditure 2018-19
Local authority expenditure by deprivation group
Local authority expenditure 2016-17 to 2018-19
Section 2: Local authority savings plans
Local authority savings 2018-19
Local authority savings by deprivation group
Local authority savings 2016-17 to 2018-19
Section 3: Local authority savings as share of expenditure
Local authority savings as a share of expenditure 2018-19
Local authority savings as a share of expenditure by deprivation group
Local authority savings as a share of expenditure 2016-17 to 2018-19
Section 4: Local authority savings plans compared with budget pressure
Budget Pressure 2018-19
Change in budget pressure over time
Local conditions and challenges
Politics, policies and plans
Budget challenges
Summary of challenges
Common messages from the case studies
Annex A – Pro-Rich and Pro-Poor classification
Annex B – Local authorities grouped by budget pressure
Annex C – Local Authority Budget Documents
Related briefings
Image: Figure 4 – Classification of services – examples
Image: Figure 5: Scottish local government expenditure on Pro-Rich and Pro-Poor services 2018-19
Image: Figure 8: Scottish local government savings 2018-19
Image: Figure 11: Scotland savings by service type, as a percentage of expenditure 2018-19
Image: Figure 14: Local authorities grouped by budget pressure 2018-19
Image: Figure 6: Local authority expenditure 2018-19 by deprivation grouping
Image: Figure 7: Change in expenditure 2016-17 to 2018-19
Image: Figure 9: Local authority savings 2018-19 by deprivation grouping
Image: Figure 10: Change in savings 2016-17 to 2018-19
Image: Figure 12: Local authority savings as a share of expenditure by deprivation grouping 2018-19
Image: Figure 13: Change in savings by expenditure 2016-17 to 2018-19
Image: Figure 15: Change in budget pressure 2016-17 to 2018-19
Image: Figure 1: Scotland expenditure 2018-19
Image: Figure 2: Scotland savings 2018-19
Image: Figure 3: Scotland savings as a percentage of expenditure
Gannon, M., Burn-Murdoch, A., Aiton, A., Bailey, N., Bramley, G., Campbell, A., … Hastings, A. (2017, December 5). The social impact of the 2017-18 local government budget. Retrieved from https://digitalpublications.parliament.scot/ResearchBriefings/Report/2017/12/5/The-social-impact-of-the-2017-18-local-government-budget# [accessed 15 December 2017]
Gannon, M., Campbell, A., Bailey, N., Hastings, A., Bramley, G., & Aiton, A. (2016, October 31). The social impact of the 2016-17 local government budget. Retrieved from http://www.parliament.scot/ResearchBriefingsAndFactsheets/S5/SB_16-84_The_social_impact_of_the_2016-17_local_government_budget.pdf [accessed 23 November 2017]
Hastings, A., Bailey, N., Besemer, K., Bramley, G., Gannon, M., & Watkins, D. (2013, November). Coping with the cuts? Local government and poorer communities. Retrieved from https://www.jrf.org.uk/sites/default/files/jrf/migrated/files/local-government-communities-full.pdf [accessed 4 December 2017]
Hastings, A., Bailey, N., Bramley, G., Gannon, M., & Watkins, D. (2015, October 7). The cost of the cuts: a social impact tool for local authorities. Retrieved from https://www.jrf.org.uk/report/cost-cuts-social-impact-tool-local-authorities [accessed 4 December 2017]
Scottish Government. (2018, June 19). Provisional Outturn and Budget Estimates 2018. Retrieved from https://www.gov.scot/Publications/2018/06/8964 [accessed 26 September 2018]
Burn-Murdoch, A. (2018, May 21). Local government finance: facts and figures 2013-14 to 2018-19. Retrieved from https://digitalpublications.parliament.scot/ResearchBriefings/Report/2018/5/21/Local-Government-Finance--facts-and-figures-2013-14-to-2018-19# [accessed 11 June 2018]
Burn-Murdoch, A. (2017, December 18). Local Government Finance: Draft Budget 2018-19 and provisional allocations to local authorities. Retrieved from https://digitalpublications.parliament.scot/ResearchBriefings/Report/2017/12/18/Local-Government-Finance--Draft-Budget-2018-19-and-provisional-allocations-to-local-authorities [accessed 22 December 2017]
Scottish Government. (2018, March 6). Local Government Finance Circular 4/2018: settlements for 2018-2019. Retrieved from https://www.gov.scot/publications/local-government-finance-circular-42018/ [accessed 26 September 2018]
Burn-Murdoch, A. (2017, June 21). Local Government finance: facts and figures 2011-12 to 2017-18. Retrieved from https://digitalpublications.parliament.scot/ResearchBriefings/Report/2017/6/21/Local-Government-Finance--facts-and-figures-2010-11-to-2017-18# [accessed 23 November 2017]
Berthier, A., Burn-Murdoch, A., Aiton, A., & Finnigan, K. (2018, November 9). Local Government Finance: The funding formula and local taxation income. Retrieved from https://digitalpublications.parliament.scot/ResearchBriefings/Report/2018/11/9/Local-Government-finance--the-Funding-Formula-and-local-taxation-income# [accessed 28 November 2018]
Accounts Commission. (2018, April 5). Local government in Scotland: Challenges and performance 2018. Retrieved from http://www.audit-scotland.gov.uk/report/local-government-in-scotland-challenges-and-performance-2018 [accessed 18 September 2018]
National Records of Scotland. (2018, March 28). Population Projection for Scottish Areas (2016 Based). Retrieved from https://www.nrscotland.gov.uk/files//statistics/population-projections/sub-national-pp-16/pop-proj-principal-2016-tab-publication.pdf [accessed 6 December 2018]
Dundee City Council. (2016). About Dundee. Retrieved from https://www.dundeecity.gov.uk/sites/default/files/publications/aboutdundee2016.pdf [accessed 6 December 2018]
Dundee Partnership. (2017). Dundee City Plan 2017-2026. Retrieved from https://www.dundeecity.gov.uk/sites/default/files/publications/cityplan.pdf [accessed 6 December 2018]
Fife Council. (2017). Plan for Fife: 2017-2027’. Retrieved from http://publications.fifedirect.org.uk/c64_Plan_for_Fife_FPB_21nov17.pdf [accessed 6 December 2018]
Fairer Fife Commission. (2015). Fairness Matters. Retrieved from https://publications.fifedirect.org.uk/c64_Fairness_Matters_Report_2015.pdf [accessed 6 December 2018]
Fife Council. (2017). Fife Strategic Assessment 2017. Retrieved from http://publications.fifedirect.org.uk/c64_StrategicAssessment2017final.pdf [accessed 6 December 2018]
North Ayrshire Council. (2015). Council Plan 2015-2020. Retrieved from https://www.north-ayrshire.gov.uk/Documents/CorporateServices/ChiefExecutive/PolicyandPerformance/council-plan/index.html [accessed 6 December 2018]
North Ayrshire Community Planning Partnership. (2018). Fair for All. Retrieved from http://www.northayrshire.community/wp-content/uploads/sites/60/2018/08/Fair-for-All-Strategy-Update.pdf [accessed 6 December 2018]
Scotland's Centre for Regional Inclusive Growth. (2017). North Ayrshire Inclusive Growth Diagnostic. Retrieved from http://www.inclusivegrowth.scot/wp-content/uploads/2018/06/SCRIG-Content-North-Ayrshire-Inclusive-Growth-Diangostic-FINAL-1.pdf [accessed 6 December 2018]
North Ayrshire Council. (2017). Smarter Ways of Working: A Digital Strategy for North Ayrshire Council. Retrieved from https://www.north-ayrshire.gov.uk/Documents/CorporateServices/ITCustServices/digital-strategy.pdf [accessed 6 December 2018]
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Home / News / Real Estate and Development / Preservationists seek infill tax credit
Preservationists seek infill tax credit
By: Nathalie Weinstein in Real Estate and Development January 24, 2011 4:42 pm
Preservationists say neighborhoods such as Old Town-Chinatown in Portland would benefit if there were federal tax credits for infill development in historic districts. (Photo by Dan Carter/DJC)
Though seemingly counterintuitive, new construction could be the element needed to help historic and conservation districts thrive.
Oregon preservationists this year are working with legislators to determine whether a 10 percent federal tax credit for infill development in historic districts would be feasible. Since 1986, a 20 percent federal tax credit for historic preservation has been available for renovations of historic structures. But there are no incentives to fill in the numerous empty lots and dilapidated non-historic storefronts in historic and conservation districts, according to John Russell, preservation advocate and president of Russell Development.
“Federal historic preservation credits are very useful, but most important buildings in historic districts have already been restored,” Russell said. “The real issue is vitality of the districts, which is diminished enormously by asphalt parking lots. Infill development is what makes a Pearl District instead of a line of historic buildings separated by parking lots.”
The Historic Preservation League of Oregon last year held a series of roundtables to identify obstacles preventing increased vitality in historic and conservation districts. One idea that emerged was a small tax credit for approved new construction within historic districts. The credit would allow developers of infill projects in historic districts to deduct 10 percent of costs from their taxes.
While 65 to 80 percent of buildings within these districts are historic, the remaining spaces are small, vacant lots. A new tax incentive for infill could lead to blighted parking lots being transformed into retail space or housing development, according to Brandon Spencer-Hartle, a University of Oregon graduate student working with the preservation league.
“Places like Pendleton and Astoria have low-density main streets with a couple vacant lots,” Spencer-Hartle said. “If those lots were filled (with new development), it would create a critical mass of commercial activity in the hardest-hit economic areas. Agricultural and rural counties need jobs. Infill development would create jobs that take skill and have a lasting value.”
A 2010 Rutgers University study found that since 1986, the federal historic tax credit program has created 1.8 million jobs. The $16.6 billion cost of the 30-year-old program was offset by $21.1 billion in federal taxes generated by projects. A federal tax credit for infill development could have similar impacts, Spencer-Hartle said.
In Portland, Old Town could benefit from an infill tax credit, according to Art DeMuro, president of Venerable Properties. His firm last year completed an extensive rehabilitation of the historic White Stag Block for the University of Oregon in the area, which continues to be blighted by parking lots, DeMuro said. The challenge for developers is that the cost to purchase these smaller lots is more expensive per square foot. But an incentive could be the difference for potential developers.
“Those empty lots and un-rehabbed buildings are opportunities,” DeMuro said. “Skidmore-Old Town has a huge foundation for success. Investment in those lots, if done properly, will attract rental rates commensurate with those that rehabbed historic buildings have gotten. There would be opportunities for more modest investors (if a federal infill tax credit were available).”
A proposal for the new tax credit may not move forward this year; however, the Historic Preservation League of Oregon is working on building relationships with legislators and looking for other groups to rally around the idea, according to Peggy Moretti, executive director of the preservation league. U.S. Rep. Earl Blumenauer has talked with Russell about the creation of infill tax credits at a federal level.
“People sometimes see preservation as freezing something in time,” Moretti said. “It’s more forward and progressive than that. It’s really about adapting these resources for modern uses.”
historic preservation 4:42 pm Mon, January 24, 2011 Daily Journal of Commerce
Nathalie Weinstein
Tagged with: historic preservation
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Dave Astor on Literature
Short essays about novels and other fictional works
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Even the Plots of Past Novels Change in the Disruptive Era of Trump
Posted by Dave Astor
With President Trump and America’s far-right-Republican-controlled Congress changing everything for the worse (trying to yank away medical insurance, gut environmental regulations, lower taxes on the rich, etc.), it’s only a matter of time before the content of past novels changes to more accurately reflect what’s currently going on. Here’s what we might see:
— John Kennedy Toole’s A Confederacy of Dunces becomes the story of today’s vile GOP politicians.
— Nikolai Gogol’s Dead Souls becomes the biography of House and Senate leaders Paul Ryan and Mitch McConnell.
— Marilynne Robinson’s Housekeeping becomes the saga of Republicans trying to retain control of the House via gerrymandering and suppression of Democratic votes.
— Joseph Conrad’s Heart of Darkness becomes the story of Vice President Mike Pence.
— Robin McKinley’s Rose Daughter becomes the tale of dad-enabler Ivanka Trump’s rise.
— Toni Morrison’s Beloved becomes about the admirable people who oppose Trump, Ryan, McConnell, and their GOP ilk.
— Henry James’ Washington Square becomes a confirmation that the far right now in DC is just plain un-hip.
— Edith Wharton’s The Custom of the Country becomes a description of the custom of many lower-income whites in rural areas (“the country”) to vote against their self-interest for the cater-to-the-rich Trump.
— George Orwell’s 1984 becomes about the IQ Trump thinks he has (but doesn’t).
— (Ms.) Lionel Shriver’s Big Brother becomes an Orwellian novel rather than a book about an obese sibling.
— Salman Rushdie’s The Satanic Verses becomes Trump’s self-published book of bawdy limericks.
— Margaret Atwood’s The Year of the Flood becomes a list of all the lies flowing out of Trump’s mouth in 2017. Annual sequels to follow.
— Arundhati Roy’s The God of Small Things becomes an anatomical look at Trump’s small fingers and his small…
— Willa Cather’s Shadows on the Rock becomes the story of how Trump and his expanding waistline loom over Melania’s huge wedding ring.
— Joseph Heller’s Catch-22 becomes about the first 22 law-abiding, hard-working undocumented immigrants the Trump administration cruelly nabs and deports.
— Colette’s The Shackle becomes the description of a prison device Trump wants to use on innocent Muslims.
— Margaret Mitchell’s Gone With the Wind becomes about climate change melting polar ice and causing various species to become extinct.
— Malcolm Lowry’s Under the Volcano becomes about the coolest place to huddle after climate change worsens.
— Vladimir Nabokov’s Pale Fire becomes the story of the all-white, cross-burning Ku Klux Klan that enthusiastically supports Trump and other GOP leaders.
— Gabriel Garcia Marquez’s One Hundred Years of Solitude becomes a treatise on the length and type of prison sentence deserved by Attorney General Jeff Sessions.
— James Baldwin’s Go Tell It On the Mountain becomes the story of Mount Rushmore’s four sculpted heads getting so disgusted with Trump that they actually speak.
— Terry McMillan’s Waiting to Exhale becomes speculative fiction about anticipating the day Trump leaves or gets kicked out of the White House.
— Jean-Paul Sartre’s Nausea and Theodore Dreiser’s An American Tragedy become the go-to collections of our physiological and verbal reactions to today’s far-right GOP rule.
Any novels with new meanings you’d like to add to my list? Would love to see them!
Here’s a review of, and a video interview about, my new literary-trivia book Fascinating Facts About Famous Fiction Authors and the Greatest Novels of All Time.
In addition to this weekly blog, I also write the award-winning “Montclairvoyant” topical-humor column for Baristanet.com, which covers Montclair, N.J., and nearby towns. The latest weekly column is here.
Tagged authors, books, Donald Trump, far-right Republicans, fiction, literature, novels, Republican-controlled Congress
147 thoughts on “Even the Plots of Past Novels Change in the Disruptive Era of Trump”
Pingback: Book and movies re-imagined in the Trump era – Crazy-NOS
Kat Lib
Hey Dave, so many great comments here, I can’t even pick out my favorites! I must admit to being partial to Kira’s comment about the book “A Visit from the Goon Squad,” which I’ve read but it’s also a line from David Bowie’s song “Fashion” (We are the goon squad and we’re coming to town; Beep-beep, beep-beep). OK, so that song is going to be playing in my head all day! 🙂 As you know, my best friend was here for a few days — she’s a psychologist who treats veterans suffering from PTSD, so she was interesting to talk to about Trump. She diagnosed him as being an extreme narcissistic personality, though I think most of us would agree with that, as well as other things she said that I don’t quite remember, but there is something definitely wrong with him!
Dave Astor
I agree, Kat Lib — MANY great comments, and Kira’s was among those gems. Thanks for the Bowie info — that’s one of his songs I’ve never listened to.
Trump is definitely an extreme narcissist. A real nasty piece of work. Him, Paul Ryan, and others sadistically chuckling and celebrating a bill that would knock millions of people off medical insurance. Sick, sick, sick…
jhNY
Elephant Walk: the trail leads tramplingly over anybody in the way of making America great again and rippingly through the social safety net.
The Overcoat: what is this cumbersome woolen garment to which the author refers? I have never seen one, since the Paris Accords were scrapped by DT.
In A Lonely Place: Trump’s foreign policy. Who needs those picky allies when you’ve got all these shiny nukes?
Raintree County: under the new Trump environmental policy, one can have either a tree, or rain, but not both, per county. Tough choice– there’s only one tree left, and it needs water. But the only rain available, thanks to global warming comes in deluge size only, so even if you chose to water your lonesome tree, it would be washed away by the deluge.
From Here to Eternity: Trump’s term, given all the Armageddon coming, and its aftermath.
The Road to Wellville: the one not taken by GOP Congress under Trump, though they named the other road Choice, after removing all signs of its old name: Expiring Pauper Place.
As I Lay Dying: Trumpcare from a recipient’s perspective.
Infinite Jest: the president, as topic for late night gag writers.
American Psycho: too easy.
BONUS PUN TITLES!!!:
Sometimes A Great Nation, The Gilded Rage, Huckleberry Fiend, For Whom the Bull Toils, Withering Hates, The Latest Tycon, The Dealslayer, Fifty Shades of Goy, or Bannon’s Rainbow, and Ivankahoe.
A barrage of brilliance! Thank you, jhNY!
(Given Mark Twain’s hatred of all things Sir Walter Scott, I wonder what Mr. Clemens would have thought of “Ivankahoe”? 🙂 Meanwhile, if Roy is a low-income guy, Trump will rob Roy…)
But if Roy’s real name is Leonard Slye, he might get a six-gun surprise!
Or, more likely, a donation. Sigh.
Skillfully said, jhNY!
I’m proud to say I’ve never eaten in a Roy Rogers restaurant…
We used to sometimes, when Mandy’s nerves were tricking up on her– she found their strange roast beef sandwiches strangely calming. Then after one particularly trying day, we went at her request to a RR, and lo, as we ate, her wallet was stolen right out of her purse, which she had thoughtlessly draped across her seatback– so far as we could tell, by a junior member of a charming blonde haired blue eyed family seated next to us. Cured us of hankering after anything on Roy’s menu altogether!
Sorry her wallet was stolen. That’s disheartening.
While I’ve never been to a Roy Rogers, I’ve certainly been to plenty of fast-food restaurants — at highway rest stops, when my daughter drags me to one to get the “happy meal” kid toy and play in one of those indoor play areas, etc. Always interesting to try to eat vegetarian in those places..
Do fries go with that shake?
Perhaps a quietly boiling fruit pie thingy for dessert?
Not a fast food guy myself– one of the luxuries of living in NYC for certain.
While trying to finish up a project at the end of a contract period, I was working 12 hour days and sometimes when I took a break, the only thing open on 11th Ave. was McDonald’s. Then it happened twice in two days, and I felt awful– don’t know that I could have eaten there a third time running unless starving for real. But there are people who eat in such spots daily– they must be made of stronger stuff than I.
Yes, fries. And perhaps a mediocre salad. Burger King does have a decent veggie burger. (Ha — “quietly boiling fruit pie thingy”!)
I agree — one never needs to have big-corporate-chain fast food in NYC. And that junk does do a number on one’s body — sometimes short term, always long term. 😦
Well done, Dave. Enjoyed that but the reality (sadly) is that it’s too close to the truth.
Thanks so much, Jack! Glad you liked the post!
I agree — too close to the truth. If anything, Trump and his ilk are worse than anything I wrote. 😦
Yes, David. Much worse.
So depressing, Jack. The “Trumpcare” vote today, too (at least I think they’re going to have a vote). Cruel and heartless.
Cruel and heartless is the feature, not the bug.
True. The very essence of everything the far-right GOP is doing.
Yes, Dave. Yet another example of evil people doing evil things.
Absolutely, Jack. Well said. Yesterday’s Trumpcare vote was appalling. 😦
I fear it just the beginning of a devastating political cycle marking the end of western democracy and individual liberty and justice. Get ready for the American societal model based on Putin and Russia, not on the U.S.Constitution and Bill of Rights.
There’s definitely a danger of that, Jack. 😦 Far-right Republicans are ruthless, and only care about the 1% that they’re part of and get donations from. So, true democracy is indeed not part of their equation. Heck, the first Trumpcare version had only 17% support in polls, and the second Trumpcare version is even worse. Yet it passed!
Modern Republican Party Motto: Money and Corporations First (because that’s where the money is) and to hell with democracy, law, or the will of the people. After all, a good dictator is far better for profit than any form of representative democracy. Just ask the colonial-ruling Monarch King George, and the greedy corporatism at the old British East India Trading Company.
Exactly, Jack! Eloquently put. And to think the U.S. started in rebellion against King George III — who’s like Bernie Sanders compared to some of today’s far-right Republicans.
I feel we humans are fundamentally guilty of being magicians and audience at once– we develop systems like democracy and capitalism, and then blind ourselves to their origins so as to be able to believe they come from higher powers than ourselves, so that we might worship our creations, making sacrifices of ourselves on the altar of their specious perfection.
Wouldn’t be a bad thing just now, if to us, democracy was the more sacred of the two. But it isn’t. And the ascendant system must have blood to cover its collapse, which is inevitable, given its need to infinitely expand in a finite world. After which, we will only have ourselves to blame– well, some of us will, though that portion of us will find that another portion is guilty and must be punished.
End-stage capitalism, like politics, ain’t beanbag, to expand on Tip O’Neill’s old saying.
VERY well said, jhNY. I have nothing to add.
If we didn’t worship our creations, we’d be easier about changing them to suit ourselves, instead of what we do now: punish ourselves for failing our creations.
You do philosophy well, jhNY!
I write in today to make a comment on one of our more abiding interests: comic strips, in particular, Krazy Kat. There ‘s a new book out, “Krazy”, by Michael Tisserand on its creator, George Herriman, a Black man of light complexion known among his fellows in the newsroom as The Greek, so unknowing were they as to his actual background. A few weeks ago, I sent an attachment to a NYT review of the book, but today I will relate something which I read in the (London)Times Literary Supplement, namely a quote, which to me ranks as one of the most cogent, insightful and funny ever made on the topic, from PG Wodehouse concerning Krazy Kat:
“In Krazy Kat, Mr. Herriman has got what Wagner was groping for in Parsifal.”
That would be because of the recurrence in Krazy Kat, to quote Tisserand, of “themes of holy illusions and obsessive devotion.”
Is the Grail the Brick Ideal?
Okay, that’s profound, jhNY.
Few comic strips, and cartoonists, could have something like that said about them.
And, given when you made your comment, I would call today one of those “Grail Afternoons.” (Not the hypothetical prequel to your wife’s book.)
These daze, its Grail 24/7 for me, which I chase after as a dog after a car. Should I catch it, I have promised myself a mouthful of tire. Everyone needs a goal.
Hilariously said! (Though I know there’s a serious undertone to your comment.)
Here’s Tram (Frank Trumbauer) and Bix Biederbecke and Joe Venuti and Eddie Lang paying tribute to Herriman’s strip:
Very nice, jhNY! I give it “two bricks up.”
Trump needs to be medicated, put in the Nervous Hospital and given a fake Twitter account which is attached to 20 monkeys, each having a keyboard. 😛
Ha! Cleverly said, Lizard! Sounds like a plan. 🙂 The 20 monkeys would write tweets that make more sense — and require less/less expensive Secret Service protection by staying in one place rather than DC, NY, NJ, and FL.
Hi, Dave. I’m usually busy terrorizing Jack’s page once in awhile.
Glad you also stopped by here!
Oh don`t I wish that to happen 🙂
How long would it take till the monkeys typed Shakespeare? A while, given infinite time. How long before they started making Trumptweet coherent? A couple infinities, easy.
Cleverly put, jhNY.
By the time those monkeys made Trump’s words coherent, they would have evolved into far-right Republicans. Actually, the monkeys would have devolved…
The usual image requires monkeys chained to typewriters, because, I guess, otherwise it’s hard to conceive of monkeys sitting through an eternity, even a short one.
Which would require them, if evolution is the goal, to procreate while working while chained. I say that makes the monkeys more likely to evolve into Democrats.
Yup, those monkeys would definitely have more sympathy for the underdog (the undermonkey?).
Reminds of Charles Mingus’ great title for his unevenish though shocking in places autobiography: Beneath the Underdog.
Which may be the answer to the question Chubby Checker asked in Limbo Rock, which I re-aired only last week: how low can you go?
That IS a great book title, jhNY! And I greatly enjoyed your second paragraph, too!
Hi Liz my DIL thinks Trump is on medication, the days he forgets he goes into nonsensical tweets.
The Republican’s biggest fear is that we are no longer afraid. ~~ me, Samuel Webster.
Hello guys.
Fancy Jack
Hey no freeloading at Dave’s Liz! What’s a book you think would have a re-imagined life under the Trump epoch?
Mad Magazine? 😛
Hi Liz this is another awesome blog you could post 🙂
Good evening, Bebe!
Thank you, bebe!
Now I have borrowed this one…we shall see, Cruise is not bad at all but only have watched 20 minutes of it
https://www.google.com/url?q=https://www.theatlantic.com/entertainment/archive/2016/10/jack-reacher-never-go-back-isnt-weird-enough/504770/&sa=U&ved=0ahUKEwjxmo7gotTTAhUKzoMKHZOaBOEQFggFMAA&client=internal-uds-cse&usg=AFQjCNELyUHrgbHpkYtsE_3odpzGTaZdDA
Thank you, bebe! That’s a very interesting piece about the second Jack Reacher film. I never did get around to seeing it, though I watched some highlights on YouTube a few months ago. Cruise did seem to play the part well in those highlights, but, as we’ve discussed, he’s STILL not 6’5″… 🙂
The review goes Cruise could be playing Reacher all his life..oh my.. 🙂
Hmm…not sure that would work unless Lee Child has Reacher roaming the country into his 60s and 70s fighting crime. Hard to simultaneously take down five bad guys at that age!
Bad guys get old too!
Ha! Very true, jhNY. But the bad guys might have bad-guy kids, while Reacher doesn’t seem like the dad type (unless there’s unknown offspring from his affairs).
Thread’s maxed, but— Reacher came very close (but no cigars all around) to having a daughter in Never Go Back…
True! It did seem like that teen was his daughter, but Lee Child teased us.
“Mad Magazine” — LOL! (And thanks for the question, Jack!)
Now that DT’s the Prez, we can all finally answer for ourselves the age-old question posed by Alfred E. Newman: “What, me worry?”
The correct answer is: YEP!
…and Trump and other far-right Republicans are even worse than “the usual gang of idiots”…
I quoted HL Mencken re democracy during the election cycle, then though better of doing so, as I had, I thought, a more abiding faith in the people– perhaps I did, but I confess, I’ve lost it.
“As democracy is perfected, the office of president represents, more and more closely, the inner soul of the people. On some great and glorious day the plain folks of the land will reach their heart’s desire at last and the White House will be adorned by a downright moron.”
And here we are. It’s but small consolation to remember HRC won the popular vote– since that’s not how victory gets done in our creaky system.
“…a downright moron” — that would be a major step up for Trump! 🙂 He’s somewhere lower in the evolutionary chain.
Hi, Lizard! That’s a great quote. (“The Republican’s biggest fear is that we are no longer afraid.”)
This is too funny so borrowed from Jack`s blog..
This is hilarious, bebe! It really is basically what Trump said — meaning the guy’s development hasn’t advanced much beyond elementary school.
Hysterical, Dave! Roald Dahl’s “Willy Wonka & The Chocolate Factory”. We can go straight to central casting. Rumpy can play, as per the Monty Python clip, Violet your turning Violet Beauregard who turns into a purple blimp after chewing the gum, gluttony! Then she goes to the juicing room, never to be seen again. Or Rumpy can play Mike TV who turns into all the particulate matter into outer space as per my prior post. Its brilliant! I lost my appetite for lunch but all is ok! 🙂
Wow, Michele — you have this all wonderfully figured out! I see you as writer, director, and producer of this extravaganza. 🙂
Now this is what I call a hoot! Bravo Dave. I would worry that Trump, as any self-respecting fascist, would start burning books but since he only read the art of the deal, I think literature is Ok . . . for now.
“ — Nikolai Gogol’s Dead Souls becomes the biography of House and Senate leaders Paul Ryan and Mitch McConnell.” Pure gold!
I think that the relationship between Trump and Putin is similar to Matt Ruff’s Fool on the Hill. Don’t cross the G-ds Dave! 😀
Oops! I dropped an “S.”
That “Dead Souls” line was among my favorites. 🙂 But perhaps not totally accurate, because Ryan’s and McConnell’s souls are BEYOND dead.
Yes, who knows what Trump will do with books? Maybe he’ll first burn what he knows most — TV sets, and the digital devices people use to slam Trump’s vile tweets. And when those burning electronic things send toxic fumes into the air, disgusting EPA head Scott Pruitt will be in ecstasy.
Great comment!
How about “Waiting to Explode” or “Waiting to Implode.” its a one chapter book , we know Rump does not have an attention span to read a novel. In the one and only chapter, Rump ends up, through spontaneous combustion, in a state of millions of millions of pieces of particulate matter of molecules. He explodes after all his hatred, negative vitriol, to much eating of KFC and other poor choices. The one chapter flyer is spoken in audio pseudo book by a Carl Sagan sound alike, We are finally free of Chumpy! Think Willy Wonka and Chocolate Factory when one of the bad kids turns into particles, into the atmosphere, stratosphere and then..disappears. Sigh of RELIEF.:)
Michele, this comment/scenario of yours is SO great — every word of it! Thanks for creating it! If only… 🙂
Reminds me of this famous Monty Python clip. (Warning: it’s a bit gross.)
PatD
Wow! You guys are awesome at this! What a good time I’m having reading these posts 🙂
I agree, Pat! So many fantastic Trump-tainted titles from various commenters!
The Idiot: The biography of Donald Trump
A Series of Unfotunate Events: The story of the 2016 election
Much Ado about Nothing: The investigations in to Hillary’s alleged crimes
The Importance of Being Earnest: The self help book Trump really needs to read.
Breakfast at Tiffany’s : The story of Trump’s other daughter.
Of Human Bondage: The story of what went on in those Russian hotel rooms.
A Clockwork Orange: Trump’s guide to skin care
We Are All Completely Beside Ourselves: The Aftermath of the 2016 election.
A Visit from the Goon Squad: Trump appoints his cabinet.
Never Let Me Go: A plea to Obama.
Hard Times: The state of the economy under Trump
The Awakening: How Trump voters finally realized they’d made a horrible mistake.
Atonement: Is it even possible for Donald Trump?
This is Kira from Crazy-NOS by the way. I’m not sure why it’s not posting under my account.
As a reader unregistered with the site, I can’t “like’ your comment by clicking. So I’ll do it as I can: I like it!
Absolutely love the Trump-ian descriptions of those titles, Kira! Brilliant! My slight favorite among the many favorites might be “A Visit from the Goon Squad.”
Also, it’s fun to see a list with such great authors: Dostoyevsky, Wilde, Maugham, Burgess, Kate Chopin, etc. Thanks! And, no, I don’t see any atonement for Trump. 😦
Hi Anon, this is absolutely brilliant, such a perfect way to describe 45..Only hope this does not hop to 46.
Brian Bess
The subtitle for the inevitable biography that will be written about him (after the nightmare is over, hopefully soon!) will be ‘The Sound and the Fury’. The title for that book has been supplied by DT himself: American Carnage.
“American Carnage: The Sound and the Fury” — excellent, Brian! When it comes to Trump, it doesn’t get more accurate than that. Thanks!
Another possible Faulkner-esque book about Trump: “Blight in August (and the Other Eleven Months, Too).”
Here’s a glancing attempt at sticking to topic:
A book of photographs taken from his best side (which is both sides) could employ this altered title: Profiles In Coverage.
VERY good, jhNY!
Donald Trump and John F. Kennedy share something — having books ghostwritten for them (I’ve read that Theodore Sorensen mostly penned “Profiles in Courage”). Of course, the mixed-bag JFK had many more positive qualities than Trump, who has none.
I have every intention of contributing more along the vein of the week’s blog, but :
Our problem is simple. Stupid Crazy Guy In Charge. What will he do next? Something stupid and crazy.
Don’t think that’s going to work out at all well for many of us, planet-wide, given what he’ll do next.
Yes, in all seriousness, “Stupid Crazy Guy In Charge” is what Trump is — with “Dangerous Consequences” the subtitle.
White Mischief becomes White Mischief!
“White Mischief becomes White Mischief” — perfect, jhNY! No change needed.
Perhaps, scrambled,JK Toole’s makes a better title for the AG from below the M-D Line:
A Dunce of the Confederacy.
Ha! Yup, that’s Jeff Sessions to a T. He puts the AG in AGony…
drb19810
Here are some classics that could serve as great titles to books about the Trump era:
“Bleak House” – the story of the Trump White House.
“The Sound and the Fury” – this Faulkner title, taken from a line in Shakespeare’s Macbeth (“a tale told by an idiot, full of sound and fury, and signifying nothing”) about the rise of the influence alt-right talk radio.
“Darkness at Noon” – the story of Inauguration Day.
“The Haunting of Hill House” – the story of the Republican takeover of Capitol Hill.
“Les Miserables” – the story of the majority of American citizens during these years.
This is a TERRIFIC list, drb! Not a weak one in the bunch. So hard to choose my favorite, but I guess I’d go with a first-place tie between “Darkness at Noon” and “The Haunting of Hill House.” Plus Trump likes Andrew Jackson more than Shirley Jackson. 🙂
“A Tramp Abroad” by Mark Twain is actually Trump Aboard.
45 is here there and everywhere like an Eveready battery never shuts up.
Ha, bebe! Clever Twain/Trump wordplay. 🙂 And I agree — the guy never stops talking, yet never says anything worth saying.
Thanks Dave 🙂
Love seeing the badge at bottom right: it’s an antique. That show doesn’t even run anymore!
Nice spotting, jhNY! SO great that O’Reilly’s show is now in the past. What a despicable, predatory, lying man. The only job he now seems qualified for is…President of the United States.
Oh my…. 🙂
Reminds me that if Trump hadn’t dodged the draft during the Vietnam War, he could have been assigned to “My Lie.”
Disney`s The Lion King is actually The Lying King
GREAT cartoon, bebe!!! Thanks for posting it!
Love the topic Dave, To Kill a Mockingbird by Harper Lee.
Mockingbirds are mostly known to mimic the songs of other birds and the sounds of insects and amphibians.
Donald Trump speaks only one language ” English”, one of the most beautiful language of the World. But DT killed the language by butchering it with his slangs and verbiage. That is the reason he tweets with only a few letters.
Bad , very very bad…
That’s a great and clever example! I had been thinking of how to use Harper Lee’s title in the column, and couldn’t figure out a way — but you did!
It’s amazing how badly Trump speaks, writes, and thinks for someone supposedly educated. If he wasn’t born wealthy, there’s no way he would have succeeded in life (if being a vile real-estate developer and the worst President ever can be considered success).
bebe, that’s a really great column by Charles Blow, who has been amazing the past few months in taking down Trump every week.
“Trumpian language is a thing unto itself: some manner of sophistry peppered with superlatives. It is a way of speech that defies the Reed-Kellogg sentence diagram. It is a jumble of incomplete thoughts stitched together with arrogance and ignorance.”
~Blow writes
Wow, indeed, bebe! Blow writes a zillion times better than Trump talks!
Indeed another four or 8 years of the destruction continues.
White Teeth, a Novel by Zadie Smith .
We see a lot of white teeth from 45 , and white under eye make up in his orange face and hair when he is making faces and screaming at his protesters .
Nice one, bebe! You made a convincing case. 🙂
And I suppose Trump would consider himself an expert “On Beauty,” another Zadie Smith title. But, actually, he’s an expert on nothing.
In the 90’s when walking around in Riverside park here in NYC I heard, then spotted a mockingbird imitating a car alarm. Good times!
Happy times, we have a back deck on on floor above facing the creek . Lately see some bird poops in the morning. My hair lady said got to be Mockingbirds they don`t sleep at night. I do not know if that`s the truth.
Then moving back to 45`s world remind me of Stephen King`s “Four past Midnight” DT`s tweets starts when ” Misery” hits him, birds poops on my deck also bats pooping right close to our kitchen door.
bebe, I’m definitely seeing a connection between Trump and the unfortunate occurrences on your deck. I’d prefer a mockingbird as President… 🙂
Me too Dave…at least Mockingbirds could sing in tunes, Trump is always off key, i bet he who send those bats on my deck at midnight. I have never seen them but they leave their droppings.
Perhaps could turn the deck lights 4 of them on all nigh but they will add $$$ .
True, bebe! Much nicer to listen to — plus those birds have never lied, bombed a country, sexually assaulted someone, or put ketchup on steak. 🙂
Again, sorry about your back-deck issues.
There is more to be learned via bird poop augury than in the earnest study of Trumplethinskin’s tweets, unless the subject is pathology.
jhNY, you’re absolutely right — in the good sense (as in correct) rather than in the bad sense (GOP conservative).
Ha, jhNY!
Perhaps that talented bird was frustrated about being born too late to be with Paul McCartney and Wings?
Perhaps he was the Gerald McBoing-Boing of the avian world!
Love it, Dave! Here are additional ones, some going back to your recent column on favorite book titles:
Richard Farina’s “Been Down So Long It Looks Like Up To Me,” which is a reference to the political climate in the Trumpian universe where up is down and down is up (and who can tell the difference anyway!).
Chinua Achebe’s “Things Fall Apart,” becomes the inability for Trump to pass even one bill into law, specifically Trumpcare (thank goodness!).
Ray Bradbury’s “Something Wicked This Way Comes,” becomes the story of how Trump managed to get the nomination, let alone elected as POTUS (ugh!).
Jane Austen’s “Sense and Sensibility,” becomes the plot of how so many Americans lost leave of their senses and their sensitivity to vote for someone so unbelievably unqualified to become President and then continue to stick by him no matter what (double ugh!).
John D. MacDonald’s “The Green Ripper,” becomes the story of how Steve Bannon came to have so much power in the Trump administration (thanks to Saturday Night Live for their skits that portray Bannon as The Grim Reaper!).
Ian Fleming’s “From Russia With Love,” which chronicles the many motifs of how General Flynn and other Trump associates apparently colluded with Russia to get Trump elected and who knows what else (this is an ongoing story that should be told in serial mode — see The Rachel Maddow Show for updates!).
I guess that will do it for now, Dave, but what a great column — the Trump administration is so easy to parody, and I don’t think that’s a good thing, but I’ve determined that the only way to get through this is to laugh whenever possible! 🙂
Your examples are absolutely fantastic, Kat Lib!!! Thank you! Funny, and true. I can’t even pick a favorite. 🙂
Also, your line about how many Americans decided “to vote for someone so unbelievably unqualified to become President and then continue to stick by him no matter what” — that’s one of the things that’s most depressing. It’s sickening that a large majority of lower-income whites still support Trump after most of his fake populist campaign promises turned out to be just that — fake — as he pushes for stuff that only benefits the ultra-wealthy.
Yes, we can try to be humorous about this (and you succeeded!), but it’s not easy to laugh about this disaster.
Thanks, Dave! I’ve got two pieces of personal news to pass on to you: (1) Ever since you contacted Word Press about commenting problems, I haven’t had any, which is of course the kiss of death, so to speak, but I hope this continues; and (2) most importantly, my best friend finally arrived yesterday from Durham, which is great. We sat out on my deck, drinking wine, and talking for hours. We became best friends in the first grade, we were each part of the other’s families, and have a bond that still exists even through there were years in the mid-’80s to just a few years ago when we’d lost touch, but it’s like that never happened.
I think today we’re going to go to the Brandywine River Museum, which is currently having a “Homer to Hopper” exhibition. It’s funny, but when I first read about it, I was confused because I associate Homer with The Iliad and The Odyssey, until it finally dawned on me that it was Winslow Homer that they were talking about. 🙂 My sister was somewhat complaining about it, because there were actually very few paintings from either one; however, this is the place to go to see Wyeth paintings, as this is the area they lived in, so it won’t be a wasted trip no matter what.
Thanks, Kat Lib! It does seem to happen sometimes — when one starts to address a problem, the problem goes away. 🙂 I hope, in this case, permanently rather than temporarily.
Wonderful that your best friend has finally arrived, and that the visit is (not surprisingly) going so well! It’s true, with some friends, that there can be even years-long gaps in seeing each other yet things resume nicely as if only a few days had gone by.
Hope you enjoy the museum today! I would also have first thought of the writer Homer than the artist Homer. And then there’s Homer Simpson…
Ha, Dave! When I was relating this story to my girlfriend before mentioning it to you, she also came up with the reference to Homer Simpson — great minds think alike as they say!
On a more serious note, the other much more depressing thought that came into my brain was the song, “The End,” by The Doors; the extended version of it on YouTube because it’s been rattling around in my mind for days now. My girlfriend and I were talking about that we’ve got two very childish men who seem to enjoy saber-rattling for no reason, other than they can do it, and it has scared me no end. I may come across as paranoid, but I do worry about my critters and family more than anyone — but that fear is still there. And I do think about blowing through my entire 401K so I can enjoy my last days! OK, that was sort of a joke, I think???
Trump has the dough and we have the “d’oh”! 🙂
Kat Lib, it IS legitimately scary what Trump and his crowd might deliberately or accidentally do to ruin the world. Somehow they and the rest of the far-right ultra-wealthy feel they’re immune from the consequences, but not really. Of course, the non-rich will suffer the most, as always.
Ha — it can indeed be tempting to just live for today under that kind of threat.
That was quite brilliant, Dave. The first thing that came to mind as I read the first paragraph was “Catch-22”, which you mentioned. There’s always a catch with this administration, isn’t there? So much intentional nonsense.
… (and so many of us are, indeed, waiting to exhale).
Thank you, Pat! Very much appreciated! 🙂
“Catch-22” definitely is one of the most “parody-able” book titles, and living under Trump is…Hell(er).
Yes, always a catch with this administration — the lies, the distractions, the changing of policy stands (usually to make them even more conservative), the (not so) secret benefiting of Trump’s personal fortune in almost everything he does, etc.
“… living under Trump is…Hell(er)” …LOL!!! Love it!.
Thanks, Pat! That silly wordplay practically wrote itself. 🙂
Yes, it did, Dave. And that fact is … well, it’s … You know what? I’ll just let the Commander-in Chief of the most powerful country on earth translate my thoughts: “SAD. Very, very, very SAD! HUGELY SAD.”
Nicely stated, Pat! Those frequently used words of Trump’s would indeed be SO fitting if he used them to describe himself.
Mary P Harris
Wonderful! It absolutely AMAZES me: “Edith Wharton’s The Custom of the Country becomes a description of the custom of many lower-income whites in rural areas (“the country”) to vote against their self-interest for the cater-to-the-rich Trump.” And 97% of them STILL support him!
Thank you, Mary! Glad you liked the post!
Yes, it never stops being shocking how many lower-income whites continue to support Republicans who only care about the rich. I know there are various explanations (liberals supposedly looking down on these citizens, racism, the gun-rights question, and so on), but it still doesn’t totally compute.
lulabelleharris
I am surrounded by them here! I have a few close friends who share my views, but I can count them without using up my fingers. 😦
That can’t be easy, Mary. And it takes a lot more courage being liberal where you are than where I am.
I wonder, after Trump and the Republican-controlled Congress greatly worsen the lives of lower-income whites during the next 4-8 years, whether voting against one’s self-interest will change. Probably not; that didn’t change after Reagan and George W. Bush. (Of course, Trump is even worse than those two.)
“If you can convince the lowest white man that he’s better than the best colored man, he won’t notice you’re picking his pocket. Hell, give him somebody to look down on, and he’ll even empty his pockets for you.” Lyndon Baines Johnson
Thanks, jhNY! One of the most insightful things LBJ ever said. Certainly goes a long way in explaining why so many lower-income whites support (against their own interests) the plutocrats rather than align themselves with fellow struggling people who happen to be of color.
daodeqi
The scariest thought I have had this year:
Maybe I should hide my books… It’s not that far fetched, with the Cambodian genocide of educated individuals echoing in my head… The thought is still there… Which books on my shelf will be targeted this year?
Great post, like Squealer from Animal Farm, changing the meanings of words to serve your own purpose.
So scary!
Thank you for the kind words, daodeqi!
With Trump and other far-right Republicans in power, almost nothing is far-fetched — including a “Fahrenheit 451” scenario. Heck, when one thinks about these GOP politicians being willing to yank medical insurance from millions (which would cause many deaths) in order to cut taxes for the already ultra-rich… 😦
The laziness of the snoopers is your ally. So long as you are even a bit active in the virtual world, that’s the only place they’ll look, as it doesn’t require them to leave the warmth of their cubicles.
I’d be better off trying to hide behind my books than trying to hide them– too many by far, piled up all over.
But seriously, just now in Turkey there are mysterious piles of books cropping up by stranger’s garbage cans after dark throughout the major cities– people are desperately trying to remove from their houses every single publication that might be construed by Erdogan’s thugs as Gulenesque.
hahaha, wonderful!
Thank you, ❦Just Me❦! I appreciate that. 🙂
No Pride in Prejudice
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bebe on No Pride in Prejudice
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Startseite Vogel's textbook of macro and semimicro qualitative inorganic analysis
Vogel's textbook of macro and semimicro qualitative inorganic analysis
Arthur Israel Vogel
Categories: Chemistry\\Inorganic Chemistry
Edition: 5ed.
Verlag: Longman
Download (djvu, 4.72 MB)
Biological Inorganic Chemistry: An Introduction
Robert Crichton
Applied Pyrolysis Handbook
Thomas P. Wampler
Handbook of instrumental techniques for analytical chemistry
Frank A. Settle
VOGEL'S TEXTBOOK OF MACRO AND SEMIMICRO QUALITATIVE INORGANIC ANAL YSIS
Fifth Edition Revised by G. Svehla, Ph.D., D.Se., F.R.I.C. Reader in Analytical Chemistry, Queen's University, Belfast
.... .111.
Longman London and New York
Longman Group Limited London Associated companies, branches and representatives throughout the world Published in the United States of America by Longman Inc., New York @ Longman Group Limited 1979 All rights reserved. No part of this publication may be reproduced, stored in a retrieval system, or transmitted in any form or by any means, electronic, mechanical, photocopying, recording, or otherwise, without the prior permission of the Copyright owner. First Published under the title 'A Text-book of Qualitative Chemical Analysis' 1937 Second Edition 1941 Reissue with Appendix 1943 Third Edition under the title 'A Text-book of Qualitative Chemical Analysis including Semimicro Qualitative Analysis' 1945 Fourth Edition under the title 'A Text-book of Macro and Semimicro Qualitative Inorganic Analysis' 1954 New Impression (with minor corrections) 1955 New Impression 1976 Fifth edition 1979 Library of Congress Cataloging in Publication Data Vogel, Arthur I. Vogel's Macro and semimicro qualitative inorganic analysis. First-3d ed. published under title: A text-book of qualitative chemical analysis; 4th ed. published under title: A text-book of macro and semi micro qualitative inorganic analysis. Includes index. 1. Chemistry, Analytic-Qualitative. 2. Chemistry, Inorganic. I. Svehla, G. II. Title. III. Title: Macro and semimicro qualitative inorganic analysis. QD81.V6 1978 544 77-8290 ISBN 0-582-44367-9
Printed in Great Britain by Richard Clay (The Chaucer Press) Ltd, Bungay, Suffolk
CHAPTER I THE THEORETICAL BASIS OF QUALITATIVE ANALYSIS 1 A. Chemical formulae and equations 1 1.1 Symbols of elements 1 1.2 Empirical formulae 1 1.3 Valency and oxidation number 3 1.4 Structural formulae 4 1.5 Chemical equations 5 B. Aqueous solutions of inorganic substances 6 1.6 Electrolytes and non-electrolytes 6 I. 7 Electrolysis, the nature of electrolytic conductance, ions 7 1.8 Some properties of aqueous solutions 9 1.9 The theory of electrolytic dissociation 9 1.10 Degree of dissociation. Strong and weak electrolytes 11 1.11 The independent migration of ions. Calculation of conductivities from ionic mobilities 15 1.12 Modem theory of strong electrolytes 17 1.13 Chemical equilibrium; the law of mass action 19 1.14 Activity and activity coefficients 22 C. Classical theory of acid-base reactions 25 1.15 Acids, bases, and salts 25 1.16 Acid-base dissociation equilibria. Strength of acids and bases 28 1.17 Experimental determination of the dissociation equilibrium constant. Ostwald's dilution law 33 1.18 The dissociation and ionic product of water 35 1.19 The hydrogen-ion exponent (PH) 36 1.20 Hydrolysis 39 1.21 Buffer solutions 48 1.22 The experimental determination of pH 53 D. The Br.nsted-Lowry theory of acids and bases 61 1.23 Definition of acids and bases 61
1.24 Protolysis of acids. Strength of acids and bases 1.25 Interpretation of other acid-base reactions with the Brensted-Lowry theory E. Precipitation reactions 1.26 Solubility of precipitates 1.27 Solubility product 1.28 Applications of the solubility product relation 1.29 Morphological structure and purity of precipitates 1.30 The colloidal state
F. Complexation reactions 89 1.31 The formation of complexes 89 1.32 The stability of complexes 92 1.33 The application of complexes in qualitative inorganic analysis 96 1.34 The most important types of complexes applied in qualitative analysis 97 G. Oxidation-reduction reactions 100 1.35 Oxidation and reduction 100 1.36 Redox systems (half-cells) 101 1.37 Balancing oxidation-reduction equations 104 1.38 Important oxidizing and reducing agents 108 1.39 Redox reactions in galvanic cells 112 1.40 Electrode potentials 115 1.41 Oxidation-reduction potentials 119 1.42 Calculations based on the Nernst equation 124 1.43 Conclusions dra wn from the tables of oxidation-reduction potentials 126 1.44 Equilibrium constant of oxidation-reduction reactions 128
H. Solvent extraction 1.45 The distribution or partition law 1.46 The application of solvent extraction in qualitative analysis
CHAPTER II EXPERIMENTAL TECHNIQUES OF QUALITATIVE INORGANIC ANALYSIS
11.1 Introduction 11.2 Dry reactions 11.3 Wet reactions 11.4 Semimicro apparatus and semimicro analytical operations 11.5 Micro apparatus and microanalytical operations 11.6 Spot test analysis
CHAPTER III REACTIONS OF THE CATIONS
111.1 111.2
Classification of cations (metal ions) into analytical groups Notes on the study of the reactions of ions
111.3 First group of cations: lead(II), mercury(I) and silver(I) 193 111.4 Lead, Pb (Ar: 207'2) 194 111.5 Mercury, Hg (Ar: 200'59) - Mercury(I) 199 . 111.6 Silver, Ag (Ar: 107'9) 204 111.7 Second group of cations: mercury(II), lead(II), bismuth(III), copper(II), cadmium(II), arsenic(lII) and (V), antimony(lII) and (V), tin(lI) and (IV) 208 111.8 Mercury, Hg (Ar: 200'59) - Mercury(lI) 209 111.9 Bismuth, Bi (Ar: 208'98) 212 111.10 Copper, Cu (Ar: 63'55) 215 111.11 Cadmium, Cd (Ar: 112'90) 221 111.12 Arsenic, As (Ar: 74'92) - Arsenic(lII) 223 111.13 Arsenic, As (Ar: 74'92) - Arsenic(V) 225 111.14 Special tests for small amounts of arsenic 228 111.15 Antimony, Sb (Ar: 121'75) - Antimony(lII) 231 111.16 Antimony, Sb (Ar: 121'75) - Antimony(V) 234 111.17 Special tests for small amounts of antimony 236 111.18 Tin, Sn (Ar: 118'69) - Tin(lI) 237 111.19 Tin, Sn (Ar: 118'69) - Tin(IV) 240 111.20 Third group of cations: iron(lI) and (III), aluminium, chromium(III), nickel, cobalt, manganese(lI) and zinc 241 111.21 Iron, Fe (Ar: 55'85) - Iron(II) 241 111.22 Iron, Fe (Ar: 55'85) - Iron(lII) 245 111.23 Aluminium, Al (Ar: 26'98) 250 111.24 Chromium, Cr (Ar: 51'996) - Chromium(lII) 254 111.25 Oxianions of group III metals: chromate and permanganate 259 111.26 Cobalt, Co (Ar: 58'93) 259 111.27 Nickel, Ni (Ar: 58.71) 264 111.28 Manganese, Mn (Ar: 54'938) - Manganese(lI) 268 111.29 Zinc, Zn (Ar: 63'58) 272 111.30 Fourth group of cations: barium, strontium, and calcium 277 111.31 Barium, Ba (Ar: 137'34) 278 111.32 Strontium, Sr (Ar: 87'62) 281 111.33 Calcium, Ca (Ar: 40'08) 282 111.34 Fifth group of cations: magnesium, sodium, potassium, and ammOnIum 285 111.35 Magnesium, Mg (Ar: 24. 305) 285 111.36 Potassium, K (Ar: 39'098) 289 111.37 Sodium, Na (Ar: 22'99) 291 111.38 Ammonium, NH 4 (M r : 18'038) 293 CHAPTER IV REACTIONS OF THE ANIONS 297 IV.l Scheme of classification 297 IV.2 Carbonates, CO
- 298 IV.3 Hydrogen carbonates, HC0 3 300 VII
IV.4 IV.5 IV.6 IV.7 IV.8 IV.9 IV. 10 IV. 11 IV.12 IV.l3 IV.14 IV.15 IV.16 IV.17 IV.18 IV.19 IV.20 IV.21 IV.22 IV.23 IV.24 IV.25 IV.26 IV.27 IV.28 IV.29 IV.30 IV.31 IV.32 IV.33 IV.34 IV.35 IV.36 IV.37 IV.38 IV.39 IV.4O IV.41 IV.42 IV.43 IV.44 IV.45
Sulphites, SO
- Thiosulphates, S20
- Sulphides, S2- Nitrites, N0 2 Cyanides, CN- Cyanates, CNO- Thiocyanates, SCN- Hexacyanoferrate(II) ions, [Fe(CN)6]4- Hexacyanoferrate(lII) ions, [Fe(CN)6]3- Hypochlorites, OCl- Chlorides, Cl- Bromides, Br- Iodides, 1- Fluorides, F- Nitrates, NO; Chlorates, CIO; Bromates, BrO; Iodates, 10; Perchlorates, CIO; Borates, BO
-, B40
- , B0 2 Sulphates, SOi- Peroxodisulphates, S20
- Silicates, SiO
- Hexafluorosilicates (silicofluorides), [SiF 6]2- Orthophosphates, PO
- Pyrophosphates, P20
-, and metaphosphates, PO; Phosphites, HPO
- Hypophosphites, H 2 P0 2 Arsenites, AsO
- , and arsenates, AsO
- Chromates, CrOi-, and dichromates, Cr20
- Permanganates, MnO; Acetates, CH 3 COO- Formates, HCOO- Oxalates, (COO)
- Tartrates, C4H40
- Citrates, C6HsO
- Salicylates, C 6 H 4 (OH).200- or C 7 H s O; Benzoates, C 6 H s COO- or C 7 H s 0 2 Succi nates, C 4 H 4 0i- Hydrogen peroxide, H 2 0 2 Dithionites, S20i- Special tests for mixtures of anions
CHAPTER V SYSTEMATIC QUALITATIVE INORGANIC ANALYSIS
V.l Introduction V.2 Preliminary tests on non-metallic solid samples V.3 Preliminary tests on metal samples VA Preliminary tests on liquid samples (samples in solution) V.5 Preliminary tests on insoluble substances V.6 Dissolution of the sample V.7 Examination of the insoluble residue V.8 Separation of cations into groups V.9 Separation and identification of the Group I cations (silver group) V.IO Separation of Group II cations into Groups IIA and liB V. 11 Separation and identification of Group IIA cations V.l2 Separation and identification of Group liB cations V.13 Removal of interfering ions before the precipitation of the Group III cations V.l4 Separation and identification of Group iliA cations V.15 Separation and identification of Group 11m cations V.16 Separation and identification of Group IV cations V.17 Identification of Group V cations V.18 Preliminary tests for and separation of certain anions V.19 Confirmatory tests for anions
CHAPTER VI SEMIMICRO QUALITATIVE INORGANIC ANALYSIS
VI.1 VI.2
VIA VI. 5 VI.6 VI. 7 VI. 8
VI. 9 VI.10
VI.11
Introduction The study of reactions of cations and anions on the semimicro scale Systematic analysis on the semi micro scale. General considerations Preliminary tests on the semimicro scale Testing for anions in solution on the semimicro scale Confirmatory tests for anions on the semimicro scale Special tests for mixtures of anions on the semi micro scale Preparation of solution for cation testing on the semimicro scale Separation of cations into groups on the semimicro scale Separation and identification of Group I cations on the semimicro scale Separation of Groups IIA and liB and separation and identification of Group IIA cations on the semimicro scale Separation and identification of Group liB cations on the semimicro scale
VI.13 Separation and identification of Group ilIA cations on the semimicro scale 488 VI.14 Separation and identification of Group 11m cations on the semimicro scale 489 VI.15 Separation and identification of Group IV cations on the semimicro scale 490 VI.16 Identification of Group V cations on the semimicro scale 492 VI.17 Modifications of separation procedures in the presence of interfering anions 493 VI.18 Separations by paper and thin layer chromatography. General introduction 495 VI.19 Apparatus and technique for chromatographic separations 497 VI.20 Procedures for selected chromatographic separations 500 CHAPTER VII REACTIONS OF SOME LESS COMMON IONS 507 VII.l Introduction 507 VII.2 Thallium, Tl (Ar: 204'34) - Thallium(I) 507 VII.3 Thallium, Tl (Ar: 204'34) - Thallium(lII) 509 VilA Tungsten, W (Ar: 183'85) - Tungstate 509 VII.5 Separation and identification of Group I cations in the presence of thallium and tungsten 511 VII.6 Molybdenum, Mo (Ar: 95'94) - Molybdate 511 VII.7 Gold, Au (Ar: 196'97) - Gold(lII) 514 VII.8 Platinum, Pt (Ar: 195'09) 516 VII.9 Palladium, Pd (Ar: 106'4) 518 VI 1.1 0 Selenium, Se (Ar: 78'96) - Selenites, SeO
- 520 VI 1.1 1 Selenium, Se (Ar: 78'96) - Selenates, SeOi- 521 VII.12 Tellurium, Te (Ar: 127'60) - Tellurites, TeO
- 522 VII.13 Tellurium, Te (Ar: 127'60) - Tellurates, TeOi- 523 VII.14 Separation and identification of Group II cations in the presence of molybdenum, gold, platinum, palladium, selenium, and tellurium 524 VII.15 Vanadium, V (Ar: 50'94) - Vanadate 527 VII. 16 Beryllium, Be (Ar: 9'01) 530 VII.l 7 Titanium, Ti (Ar: 47'90) - Titanium(IV) 532 VII.18 Zirconium, Zr (Ar: 91'22) 535 VII.19 Uranium, U (Ar: 238'03) 538 VII.20 Thorium, Th (Ar: 232'04) 540 VII.21 Cerium, Ce (Ar: 140'12) - Cerium(lII) 541 VII.22 Cerium, Ce (Ar: 140"12) - Cerium(IV) 542 VII.23 Separation of Group III cations in the presence of titanium, zirconium, thorium, uranium, cerium, vanadium, thallium, and molybdenum 544 VII.24 Lithium, Li (Ar: 6'94) 546 VII.25 The borax bead test in the presence of less common cations 548 x
CHAPTER VIII AN ABBREVIATED COURSE OF QUALITATIVE INORGANIC ANALYSIS
VIII. 1 VIII.2 VIII. 3 VillA VIII.5 VIII.6 VIII.7 VIII. 8 VIII. 9
Introduction Reactions of cations and anions Systematic analysis. General considerations Preliminary tests on solutions Testing for anions in solution Confirmatory tests for anions Special tests for mixtures of anions Separation and identification of cations in solution Modifications in the presence of anions of organic acids, fluoride, and phosphate
IX APPEN DlX
IX.l IX.2 IX.3 IXA IX.5 IX.6 IX.7 IX.8
Relative atomic masses of the elements Reagent solutions and gases Solid reagents Solubilities of salts and bases in water at 18°C Logarithms An tilo gari thIns Concentrated acids and bases Periodic table of the elements
FROM PREFACE TO THE FIRST EDITION
Experience of teaching qualitative analysis over a number of years to large numbers of students has provided the nucleus around which this book has been written. The ultimate object was to provide a text-book at moderate cost which can be employed by the student continuously throughout his study of the subject. It is the author's opinion that the theoretical basis of qualitative analysis, often neglected or very sparsely dealt with in the smaller texts, merits equally detailed treatment with the purely practical side; only in this way can the true spirit of qualitative analysis be acquired. The book accordingly opens with a long Chapter entitled 'The Theoretical Basis of Qualitative Analysis', in which most of the theoretical principles which find application in the science are discussed. The writer would be glad to hear from teachers and others of any errors which may have escaped his notice: any suggestions whereby the book can be improved will be welcomed.
A. I. Vogel Woolwich Polytechnic London S.E.18
THE THEORETICAL BASIS OF QUALITATIVE ANALYSIS
A. CHEMICAL FORMULAE AND EQUATIONS 1.1 SYMBOLS OF THE ELEMENTS To express the composition of substances and to describe the qualitative and quantitative changes, which occur during chemical reactions in a precise, short, and straightforward way we use chemical symbols and formulae. Following the recommendations of Berzelius (1811), the symbols of chemical elements are constructed by the first letter of their international (Latin) names with, in most cases, a second letter which occurs in the same name. The first letter is a capital one. Such symbols are: o (oxygen, oxygenium) H (hydrogen, hydrogenium), C (carbon, carbonium), Ca (calcium), Cd (cadmium), Cl (chlorine, chlorinum), Cr (chromium), Cu (copper, cuprum), N (nitrogen, nitrogenium), Na (sodium, natrium), K (potas- sium, kalium), etc. As well as being a qualitative reference to the element, the symbol is most useful in a quantitative context. It is generally accepted that the symbol of the element represents 1 atom of the element, or, in some more specific cases, 1 grammatom. Thus C represents 1 atom of the element carbon or may represent 1 grammatom (12'011 g) of carbon. In a similar way, 0 represents one atom of oxygen or one grammatom (15'9994 g) of oxygen, H represents one atom of hydrogen or 1 grammatom (1'0080 g) of hydrogen etc. Names, symbols, and relative atomic masses of the elements are given in Section IX.l.
1.2 EMPIRICAL FORMULAE To express the composition of materials whose molecules are made up of more atoms, empirical formulae are used. These are made up of the symbols of the elements of which the substance is formed. The number of atoms of a particular element in the molecule is written as a subscript after the symbol of the element (but 1 is never written as a subscript as the symbol of the element on its own represents one atom). Thus, the molecules of carbon dioxide is formed by one carbon atom and two oxygen atoms, therefore its empirical formula is CO 2 , In the molecule of water two hydrogen atoms and one oxygen atom are present, therefore the empirical formula of water is H 2 0. In the molecule of hydrogen peroxide on the other hand there are two hydrogen and two oxygen atoms present, its empirical formula is therefore H 2 0 2 . Although there are no strict rules as to the order of symbols appearing in a formula, in the case of inorganic substances the symbol of the metal or that of hydrogen is generally written first followed by non-metals and finishing with oxygen. In the formulae of organic substances the generally accepted order is C, H, 0, N, S, P.
1.2 QUAL IT A TlVE INORGANIC ANALYSIS
The determination of the empirical formula of a compound can be made experimentally, by determining the percentage amounts of elements present in the substance using the methods of quantitative chemical analysis. At the same time the relative molecular mass of the compound has to be measured as well. From these data the empirical formula can be determined by a simple calcu- lation. If, for some reason, it is impossible to determine the relative molecular mass the simplest (assumed) formula only can be calculated from the results of chemical analysis; the true formula might contain multiples of the atoms given in the assumed formula. If the empirical formula of a compound is known, we can draw several con- clusions about the physical and chemical characteristics of the substance. These are as follows: (a) From the empirical formula ofa compound we can see which elements the compound contains, and how many atoms of each element form the molecule of the compound. Thus, hydrochloric acid (HC1) contains hydrogen and chlorine; in its molecule one hydrogen and one chlorine atom are present. Sulphuric acid (H 2 S0 4 ) consists of hydrogen, sulphur, and oxygen; in its molecule two hydrogen, one sulphur, and four oxygen atoms are present etc. (b) From the empirical formula the relative molecular mass (molecular weight) can be determined simply by adding up the relative atomic masses (atomic weights) of the elements which constitute the compound. In this summation care must be taken that the relative atomic mass of a particular element is multiplied by the figure which shows the number of its atoms in the molecule. Thus, the relative molecular mass of hydrochloric acid (HC1) is calculated as follows: M r = 1'0080+35,453 = 36,4610 and that of sulphuric acid (H 2 S0 4 ) is M r = 2 x 1.0080 + 32'06 + 4 x 15.9994 = 98'0736 and so on. (c) Based on the empirical formula one can easily calculate the relative amounts of the elements present in the compound or the percentage composition of the substance. For such calculations the relative atomic masses of the elements in question must be used. Thus, in hydrochloric acid (HC1) the relative amounts of the hydrogen and chlorine are H : Cl = 1'0080: 35,453 = 1'0000: 35.172 and (as the relative molecular mass of hydrochloric acid is 36-461) it contains 1'008 100 x 36'461 = 2.76 per cent H
35'453 100 x _ 3 = 97'24 per cent Cl 6'461 Similarly, the relative amounts of the elements in sulphuric acid (H 2 S0 4 ) are H: S:O = 2 x 1,0080:32'06:4 x 15'9994 = 2'016: 32'06:63'9976 1: 15'903:31'745
THEORETICAL BASIS 1.3
and knowing that the relative molecular mass of sulphuric acid is 98'0763, we can calculate its percentage composition which is 2'0160 100 x 98,0736 = 2'06 per cent H 32'06 100 x 98'0736 = 32'69 per cent S
and 63,9976 100 x 98'0736 = 65'25 per cent 0 and so on. (d) Finally, if the formula is known - which of course means that the relative molecular mass is available - we can calculate the volume of a known amount of a gaseous substance at a given temperature and pressure. If p is the pressure in atmospheres, T is the absolute temperature in degrees kelvins, M r is the relative molecular mass of the substance in g mol-I units and m is the weight of the gas in grams, the volume of the gas (v) is v = mRT t pMr where R is the gas constant, 0'0823 t atm K - 1 mol- I. (The gas here is con- sidered to be a perfect gas.)
1.3 VALENCY AND OXIDA nON NUMBER In the understanding of the composition of compounds and the structure of their molecules the concept of valency plays an important role. When looking at the empirical formulae of various substances the question arises: are there any rules as to the number of atoms which can form stable molecules? To understand this let us examine some simple compounds containing hydrogen. Such compounds are, for example, hydrogen chloride (HC1), hydrogen bromide (HBr), hydrogen iodide (HI), water (H 2 0), hydrogen sulphide (H 2 S), ammonia (H 3 N), phosphine (H 3 P), methane (H 4 C), and silane (H 4 Si). By comparing these formulae one can see that one atom of some of the elements (like Cl, Br, and I) will bind one atom of hydrogen to form a stable compound, while others combine with two (0, S), three (N,P) or even four (C, Si). This number, which represents one of the most important chemical characteristics of the element, is called the valency. Thus, we can say that chlorine, bromine, and iodide are monovalent, oxygen and sulphur bivalent, nitrogen and phosphorus tervalent, carbon and silicon tetravalent elements and so on. Hydrogen itself is a monovalent element. From this it seems obvious that the valency of an element can be ascertained from the composition of its compound with hydrogen. Some of the elements, for example some of the metals, do not combine with hydrogen at all. The valency of such elements can therefore be determined only in an indirect way, by examining the composition of their compounds formed with chlorine or oxygen and finding out the number of hydrogen atoms these elements replace. Thus, from the formulae of magnesium oxide (MgO) and magnesium chloride (MgC1 2 ) we can conclude that magnesium is a bivalent metal, similarly from the composition of aluminium chloride (AIC1 3 ) or aluminium oxide (A1 2 0 3 ) it is obvious that aluminium is a tervalent metal etc.
1.4 QUALITATIVE INORGANIC ANALYSIS
In conclusion we can say that the valency of an element is a number which expresses how many atoms of hydrogen or other atoms equivalent to hydrogen can unite with one atom of the element in question.. If necessary the valency of the element is denoted by a roman numeral following the symbol like Cl(I), Br(I), N(III) or as a superscript, like C1 1 , Brl, N llI , etc. Some elements, like hydrogen, oxygen, or the alkali metals, seem always to have the same valency in all of their compounds. Other elements however show different valencies; thus, for example, chlorine can be mono-, tri-, penta- or heptavalent in its compounds. It is true that compounds of the same element with different valencies show different physical and chemical characteristics. A deeper study of the composition of compounds and of the course of chemical reactions reveals that the classical concept of valency , as defined above, is not quite adequate to explain certain phenomena. Thus, for example, chlorine is monovalent both in hydrochloric acid (HC1) and in hypochlorous acid (HCIO), but the marked differences in the chemical behaviour of these two acids indicate that the status of chlorine in these substances is completely different. From the theory of chemical bondingt we know that when forming hydrochloric acid, a chlorine atom takes up an electron, thus acquiring one negative charge. On the other hand, if hypochlorous acid is formed, the chlorine atom releases an electron, becoming thus a species with one positive charge. As we know, the uptake or release of electrons corresponds to reduction or oxidation (cf. Section 1.35), we can therefore say that though chlorine is monovalent in these acids, its oxidation status is different. It is useful to define the concept of oxidation number and to use it instead of valency. The oxidation number is a number identical with the valency but with a sign, expressing the nature of the charge of the species in question when formed from the neutral atom. Thus, the oxidation number of chlorine in hydrochloric acid is - 1, while it is + 1 in hypochlorous acid. Similarly we can say that the oxidation number of chlorine in chlorous acid (HCI0 2 ) is + 3, in chloric acid (HCI0 3 ) is + 5, and in perchloric acid (HCI0 4 ) + 7. The concept of oxidation number will be used extensively in the present text.
1.4 STRUCTURAL FORMULAE Using the concept of valency the com- position of compounds can be expressed with structural formulae. Each valency of an element can be regarded as an arm or hook, through which chemical bonds are formed. Each valency can be represented by a single line drawn outwards from the symbol of the element, like H- Cl- 0= N =: C =:
The structural formulae of compounds can be expressed with lines drawn between the atoms t like
· Cf. Mellor's Modern Inorganic Chemistry, newly revised and ediled by G. D. Parkes, Longman 1967, p. 99 el f. t Cf. Mellor op. cil., p. 155 el f. t There are no reslriclions aboul Ihe direclion of Ihese lines (unless dilferenlialion has 10 be made belween slereochemical isomers). Nor is Ihere any reslriclion on Ihe dislances of aloms. Slruclural formulae musl Iherefore be regarded only as a slep in Ihe approximalion of Ihe Irue slruclure. A Ihree dimensional represenlalion wilh Irue direclions and proporlional dislances can mosl adequalely be made wilh molecular model kiIs.
H I N /"- H H
o ,f C '\ o
H-CI H-O-H
H I H-C-H I H
Structural formulae will be used in this text only when necessary, mainly when dealing with organic reagents. A more detailed discussion of structural formulae will not be given here; beginners should study appropriate textbooks.. Readers should be reminded that the simple hexagon o (Oor@)
represents the benzene ring. Benzene (C 6 H 6 ) can namely be described with the (simplified) ring formula in which double and single bonds are alternating (so-called conjugate bonds): H I H -
;::'<r- H H-(2
-H I H All the aromatic compounds contain the benzene ring.
1.5 CHEMICAL EQUATIONS Qualitative and quantitative relationships involved in a chemical reaction can most precisely be expressed in the form of chemical equations. These equations contain the formulae of the reacting substances on the left-hand side and the formulae of the products on the right- hand side. When writing chemical equations the following considerations must be kept in mind: (a) Because of the fact that the formulae of the reacting species are on the left-hand side and those of the products are on the right, the sides generally cannot be interchanged (in this sense chemical equations are not equivalent to mathematical equations). In the cases of equilibrium reactionst when the reaction may proceed in both directions, the double arrow (+2) sign should be used instead of the equal ( = ) or single arrow ( -+ ) sign. (b) The individual formulae, used in the chemical reactions, must be written correctly. (c) If more molecules (atoms or ions) of the same substance are involved in the reaction, an appropriate stoichiometric number has to be written in front of the formula. This number is a multiplication factor, which applies to all atoms in the formula. (Thus, for example 2Ca3(P04h means that we have 6 calcium, 4 phosphorus, and 16 oxygen atoms in the equation.)
· Cf. Mellor's Modern Inorganic Chemistry, newly revised and edited by G. D. Parkes, Longman 1%7, p. 155. t Theoretically speaking, all reactions lead to an equilibrium. This equilibrium however may be shifted completely towards the formation of the products.
(d) A chemical equation must be written in such a way that it fulfils the law of conservation of mass, which is strictly valid for all chemical reactions. This means, that the equation should be balanced by applying proper stoichio- metric numbers in such a way that the numbers of different individual atoms are the same on both sides. (e) If charged species (ions or electrons) are involved in the reaction, these charges must be clearly indicated (like Fe H or Fe + + +) and properly balanced; the sum of charges on the left-hand side must be equal to the sum of charges on the right-hand side. The electron, as a charged particle, will be denoted by e- in this text. As an example let us express the equation of the reaction between calcium hydroxide and phosphoric acid. Knowing that the products of such a reaction are calcium phosphate and water, we can write the formulae of the substances into the yet incomplete equation: Ca(OHh + H 3 P0 4 -+ CaiP0 4 h + H 2 0 (incomplete) (note that the sides of the equation cannot be interchanged, because the reaction will not proceed in the inverse direction). Now we try to balance the equation by applying suitable stoichiometric numbers: 3Ca(OH)2 + 2H 3 P0 4 = Ca3(P04h + 6H 2 0 It is advisable to check the equation by counting the numbers of individual atoms on both sides. Doing so we can see that there are 3 calcium, 2 phosphorus, 12 hydrogen and 14 oxygen atoms on both sides. It is useful to denote the physical state of the reaction partners. For this purpose the letters s, 1, and g are applied for solid, liquid, and gaseous substances respectively, while the notation aq is used for species dissolved in water. These letters are used in parenthesis after the formula, e.g. AgCl(s), H,-O(l), CO 2 (g), while the aq follows the formula simply, without parenthesis e.g. H 3 P0 4 aq. The systematic use of these notations is important only in thermodynamics, that is when the energetics of the reactions are examined. In the present text we shall use them in some cases. The formation of a precipitate will be denoted by a ! sign (indicating that the precipitate settles to the bottom of the solution) while the liberation of gases will be denoted by a i sign. If not otherwise stated, equations will refer to reactions proceeding in dilute aqueous solutions. Following those considerations discussed in Section 1.2., relative masses, mass balances, and volumes (of gaseous substances only) can be calculated on the basis of chemical equations. Such calculations are involved in all kinds of quantitative analyses based on chemical reactions.
B. AQUEOUS SOLUTIONS OF INORGANIC SUBSTANCES
1.6 ELECTROLYTES AND NON-ELECTROLYTES Quantitative in- organic analysis is based mainly on the observation of chemical reactions carried out in aqueous solutions. Other solvents are rarely employed except for special tests or operations. It is therefore important to have a general knowledge of the characteristics of aqueous solutions of inorganic substances.
A solution is the homogeneous product obtained when a substance (the solute) is dissolved in the solvent (water). Substances can be classified into two important groups according to their behaviour when an electric current is passed through their solution. In the first class there are those which conduct electric current; the solutions undergo chemical changes thereby. The second class is composed of materials which, when dissolved in water, do not conduct electricity and which remain unchanged. The former substances are termed electrolytes, and these include, with few exceptions, all inorganic sub- stances (like acids, bases, and salts); the latter are designated non-electrolytes, and are exemplified by such organic materials as cane sugar, mannose, glucose, glycerine, ethanol, and urea. It must be pointed out that a substance which behaves as an electrolyte in water, e.g. sodium chloride, may not yield a con- ducting solution in another solvent such as ether or hexane. In the molten state most electrolytes will conduct electricity.
1.7 ELECTROLYSIS, THE NATURE OF ELECTROLYTIC CONDUC- TANCE, IONS Chemically pure water practically does not conduct electricity, ifhowever, as already stated, acids, bases, or salts are dissolved in it, the result- ant solution not only conducts the electric current, but undergoes chemical changes as well. The whole process is called electrolysis. Phenomena occurring during electrolysis can be studied in the electrolysis cell shown in Fig. 1.1. The electrolyte solution is placed in a vessel, into which Source of current (battery) I1 I 1I1 1 1
+ =-;
-rp-=- - -: - - + _ _ - \:!T_ - -- -- - - --
; - - - - -- - + - - -G)-: - - -8- - - -
Fig I.1 two solid conductors (e.g. metals), the so called electrodes, are immersed. With the aid of a battery (or another d.c. source) a potential difference is applied between the two electrodes. The electrode with the negative charge in the electrolysis cell is called the cathode, while that with the positive charge is termed the anode..
· It must be emphasized that the terms cathode and anode correspond to the negative and positive electrodes respectively only in electrolysis cells. According to Faraday's nomenclature, cathode is the electrode where cations lose their charge, while anions do the same on the anode. Consequently, in a battery (like the Daniell-cell) the anode is the negative and the cathode is the positive electrode.
The chemical change occurring-during the course of electrolysis is observable on or in the vicinity of the electrodes. In many cases such a change is a simple decomposition. If for example a dilute solution of hydrochloric acid is elec- trolysed (between platinum electrodes), hydrogen gas is liberated on the cathode and chlorine on the anode; the concentration of hydrochloric acid in the solution decreases. It is easy to demonstrate that electrolysis is always accompanied by the transport of material in an electrolysis cell. If for example the blue solution of copper sulphate and the orange solution of potassium dichromate are mixed in equimolar concentrations, a brownish solution is obtained. This solution can be placed in a U-shaped electrolysis cell and topped up with a colourless layer of dilute sulphuric acid on each side (Fig. 1.2). If this solution is then electrolysed, the hitherto colourless solution next to the cathode slowly becomes blue, while
H 2 S0 4
H 2 SO 4
Blue (Cu 2")
Orange ( Cr 2 0 ) 2-)
Brown (CUS0 4 + K2Cr20)
Fig. 1.2 the solution next to the anode becomes orange. As the blue colour is associated with copper and the orange with dichromate, it can be said that copper moves towards the cathode and dichromate towards the anode during the electrolysis. As such a movement can be achieved solely by electrolysis, it is obvious that those particles which move towards one of the electrodes must be charged and that this charge must be opposite to that of the electrode towards which they move. The migration of such particles is a result of the electrostatic attraction force, which is created when switching on the current. Thus the particles of hydrogen or copper, which move towards the cathode, must be positively charged, while those of chlorine or dichromate must be negatively charged. Faraday termed the charged particles in the electrolyte ions; the positively and negatively charged ions were called cations and anions respectively. It can be stated generally that solutions of electrolytes do not contain neutral molecules dispersed among the molecules of the solvent, as solutions of non-electrolytes do, but they are composed of ions. Cations and anions are present in equivalent amounts and are dispersed evenly in the solution among the molecules of the solvent; macroscopic portions of the solution therefore appear to be electro- statically neutral in all cases.
THEORETICAL BASIS 1.8/9
1.8 SOME PROPERTIES OF AQUEOUS SOLUTIONS It has been found experimentally that equimolecular quantities of non-electrolytes, dissolved in the same weight of solvent, will acquire identical osmotic pressures, and have the same effect upon the lowering of vapour pressure, the depression of the freezing point, and the elevation of the boiling point. Using water as a solvent, 1 mole of a non-electrolyte when dissolved in 1000 g of water lowers, for example, the freezing point of water by l'86°C and elevates its boiling point by 0'52°C. On such a basis it is possible to determine the relative molecular mass of soluble non-electrolyte substances experimentally. When a non-electrolyte is dissolved in water, its molecules will be present as individual particles in the solution. Consequently, we can say that equal numbers of particles, present in the same amount of solution, will show identical osmotic pressure, lowering of vapour pressure, depression of the freezing point, or elevation of the boiling point. Thus, by measuring the above quantities, the number of particles present in the solution can be determined. When electrolyte solutions are subjected to such measurements, abnormal results are obtained. When substances like sodium chloride or magnesium sulphate are examined, the depression of freezing point or the elevation of boiling point is about twice that calculated from the relative molecular mass, with calcium chloride or sodium sulphate these quantities are three times those expected. Keeping in mind what has been said above, we can say that the number of particles in the solution of sodium chloride or magnesium sulphate is twice the number of molecules present, while in the case of calcium chloride or sodium sulphate there are three particles present for each molecule.
1.9 THE THEORY OF ELECTROLYTIC DISSOCIATION In Sections 1.7 and 1.8 two, seemingly independent, experimental facts were described. These are that electric current is conducted by the migration of charged particles in the solution of electrolytes, and that in solutions of electrolyte substances the number of particles are 2,3 . . . etc. times greater than the number of molecules dissolved. To explain these facts, Arrhenius put forward his theory of electrolytic dissociation (1887). According to 'this theory, the molecules of electrolytes, when dissolved in water, dissociate into charged atoms or groups of atoms, which are in fact the ions which conduct the current in electrolytes by migration. This dissociation is a reversible process; the degree of dissociation varies with the degree of dilution_ At very great dilutions the dissociation is practically complete for all electrolytes. The electrolytic dissociation (ionization) of compounds may therefore be represented by the reaction equations: NaCl +2 Na+ +Cl- MgS0 4 +2 Mg H +SOi- CaC1 2 +2 Ca H +2Cl- Na2S04 +2 2Na+ +soi- Ions carry positive or negative charges. Since the solution is electrically neutral, the total number of positive charges must be equal to the total number of negative charges in a solution. The number of charges carried by an ion is equal to the valency of the atom or radical.
The explanation of the abnormal results obtained when measuring the depression of freezing point or elevation of boiling point is straightforward on the basis of the theory of electrolytic dissociation. In the case of sodium chloride and magnesium sulphate the measured values are twice as great as those calcu- lated from the relative molecular mass, because both substances yield two ions per molecule when dissociated. Similarly, the depression of freezing point or elevation of boiling point of calcium chloride or sodium sulphate solutions are three times as great as of an equimolar solution of a non-electrolyte, because these substances yield three ions from each molecule when dissociating. The phenomenon of electrolysis also receives a simple explanation on the basis of the theory of electrolytic dissociation. The conductance of electrolyte solutions is due to the fact that ions (charged particles) are present in the solution, which, when switching on the current, will start to migrate towards the electrode with opposite charge, owing to electrostatic forces. In the case of hydrochloric acid we have hydrogen and chloride ions in the solution: HCl +2 H+ +Cl-
and it is obvious that hydrogen ions will migrate towards the cathode, while chloride ions will move towards the anode. In the solution, mentioned earlier, containing copper sulphate and potassium dichromate we have the blue copper(II) ions and the orange dichromate ions present, besides the colourless potassium and sulphate ions: CUS04 +2 Cu H +soi- K 2 Cr 2 0 7 +2 2K+ +Cr 2 0i- and this is why copper ions (together with potassium ions) moved towards the negatively charged cathode, while dichromate ions (as well as sulphate ions) moved towards the positively charged anode. Those changes occurring on the electrodes during electrolysis can also be explained easily on the basis of the theory of electrolytic dissociation. Returning to the example of the electrolysis of hydrochloric acid, where, as said before, hydrogen ions migrate towards the cathode and chloride ions towards the anode, the electrode processes are as follows: hydrogen ions, when arriving at the cathode first take up an electron to form a neutral hydrogen atom: H++e--+H Pairs of hydrogen atoms will then form hydrogen molecules, which are dis- charged in the form of hydrogen gas: 2H -+ H 2 (g) On the anode the chloride ions release electrons, forming chlorine atoms: Cl- -+ Cl+e- which again will form chlorine molecules: 2Cl -+ C1 2 (g) and are discharged in the form of chlorine gas. The electrons are taken up by the anode, and travel through the electric circuit to the cathode, where they are then taken up by hydrogen ions.
THEORETICAL BASIS 1.10
The phenomena of electrolysis are not always as simple as discussed in connection with hydrochloric acid, but it is always true that electrons are taken up by ions on the cathode and electrons are released by ions on the anode. It is not necessarily the cation or anion of the dissolved substance, which reacts on the electrodes, even though these ions carry the electrical current by migration. In aqueous solutions very small amounts of hydrogen and hydroxyl ions are always present due to the slight dissociation of water (cf. Sections 1.18 and 1.24): H 2 0 p H+ +OH- The ions of the dissolved substance and hydrogen as well as hydroxyl ions compete for discharge on the electrodes, and the successful ion is the one which needs the least energy for discharge. Using electrochemical terms we can say that under given circumstances the ion which requires a lower negative electrode potential will be discharged first on the cathode, while the one that requires a lower positive potential will be discharged on the anode. The discharge of hydroxyl ions on the anode results in the formation of oxygen gas: 40H- -+ 4e- +2H 2 0+0 2 (g) The competition of various ions at the electrodes for discharge may lead to various combinations. If for example sodium sulphate is electrolysed (with platinum electrodes), neither sodium nor sulphate ions (Na2S04 p 2Na+ +SOi-) will be discharged, but hydrogen and hydroxyl ions; the result of the electrolysis therefore is the formation of hydrogen gas on the cathode and oxygen on the anode. As hydrogen ions are removed from the vicinity of the cathode, the hydroxyl-ion concentration will surpass that of the hydrogen ions, making this part of the solution alkaline. The opposite happens around the anode, where hydrogen ions will be in excess and the solution there becomes acidic. When after the electrolysis the solution is mixed, it again becomes neutral. When electro lysing sodium chloride (NaCl p Na + + Cl-) under similar circumstances, hydrogen and chloride ions are discharged in the form of hydrogen and chlorine gas on the cathode and anode respectively. Sodium and hydroxyl ions are left behind, and the whole solution becomes alkaline. Finally, if copper sulphate (CuS0 4 p Cu H + SOi-) is electro lysed under the same circumstances, copper and hydroxyl ions will be discharged, the cathode being coated with a layer of copper metal, while oxygen gas is liberated on the anode. Hydrogen and sulphate ions are left behind in the solution, making the latter acidic. In later parts of the present text we shall see that the uptake of electrons always means reduction, while the release of electrons is associated with oxidation. Briefly therefore we can say that during the course of electrolysis reduction takes place on the cathode, while oxidation occurs on the anode. This rule is true for any kind of electrochemical process, e.g. the same is true for the operation of electromotive cells (batteries).
1.10 DEGREE OF DISSOCIA nON. STRONG AND WEAK ELEC- TROLYTES When discussing the theory of electrolytic dissociation, it was stated that it is a reversible process and its extent varies with concentration (and also with other physical properties, like temperature). The degree of dissociation (IX) is equal to the fraction of the molecules which actually dissociate.
1.10 QUALITATIVE INORGANIC ANALYSIS
rx=
number of dissociated molecules total number of molecules
The value of rx may vary within 0 and 1. If rx = 0, no dissociation takes place, while if rx = 1 dissociation is complete. The degree of dissociation can be determined by various experimental methods. The cryoscopic and ebullioscopic techniques are based on the measurement of the depression of the freezing point and the elevation of the boiling point respectively. As mentioned before, the experimental values of these were found to be higher than the theoretical ones. The ratio of these
(obs) . =1
(theor) is closely associated with the number of particles present in the solution. The value i (called van't Hoff's coefficient) gives the average number of particles formed from one molecule; as this is an average number, i is not an integer. It is always greater than unity. This number can easily be associated with the degree of dissociation. Let us consider an electrolyte which when dissociated gives rise to the formation of n ions per molecule. If 1 mole of this electrolyte is dissolved, and the degree of dissociation is rx, we can calculate the total number of particles (ions plus undissociated molecules) in the following way: the number of ions (per molecule) will be nrx, while the number of undissociated molecules 1 - rx. The sum of these is equal to i, the van't Hoff coefficient: i = nrx + 1 - rx = 1 + (n - l)rx from which the degree of dissociation can be expressed as i-l rx=- n-l Thus, by calculating i from experimental data, rx can be computed easily. An important method of determining the degree of dissociation is based on the measurement of the conductivity of the electrolyte in question (conductivity method). This method is associated with the fact that the electric current is carried by the ions present in the solution; their relative number, which is closely connected to the degree of dissociation, will determine the conductivity of the solution. Conductivity itself is a derived quantity, as it cannot be measured as such. To determine conductivity one has to measure the specific resistance (resistivity) of the solution. This can be done by placing the solution in a cube- like cell of 1 em side, two parallel faces of which are made of a conductor (platinum).. This cell can then be connected as the unknown resistance in a Wheatstone-bridge circuit, which is fed by a perfectly symmetrical (sinusoidal) alternating current at low voltage. Direct current would cause changes in the concentration of the solution owing to electrolysis. The specific resistance, p, is expressed in Q em units. The reciprocal of the specific resistance is termed
· It is not in fact necessary to use such a particular cell for the measurements; any cell of constant dimensions is suitable, provided that its 'cell constant' has been determined by a calibration pro- cedure, using an electrolyte (e.g. potassium chloride solution), with a known specific resistance.
specific conductance or conductivity, K, and is expressed in a-I cm- I units. For electrolytic solutions it is customary to define the quantity called molar conductivity, A. The latter is the conductance of a solution which contains 1 mole of the solute between two electrodes of indefinite size, 1 cm apart. The specific conductance and molar conductivity are connected by the relation: A =KV =
c where V is the volume of the solution in cm 3 (ml), containing 1 mole of the solute, c is the concentration in mol cm - 3. The molar conductivity is expressed in cm 2 a-I mol-I units. Kohlrausch discovered, in the last century, that the molar conductivity of aqueous solutions of electrolytes increases with dilution, and reaches a limiting value at very great dilutions. The increase of molar conductivity, in line with the Arrhenius theory, results from the increasing degree of dissociation; the limiting value corresponds to complete dissociation. This limiting value of the molar conductivity is denoted here by Ao (the notation A<XJ is also used), while its value at a concentration c will be denoted by Ac. The degree of dissociation can be expressed as the ratio of these two molar conductivities Ac r:J.=- Ao for the given concentration (c) of the electrolyte. The variation of molar conductivity with concentration for a number of electrolytes is shown in Table 1.1. Because the conductance of solutions varies with temperature (at higher temperatures the conductance becomes higher), the temperature at which these conductances are measured must be given. Values shown on Table I.l were measured at 25°C. It can be seen from this table that while the variation of molar conductivity of some solutions with Table 1.1 Molar conductivities of electrolytes at 25"C in cm 2 rr J mor J units
CODceDtratioa Electrolyte mol r- I KCI NaCI HCI NaOH KOH CH 3 COONa CH 3 COOH ->0( = Ao) 150'1 126'2 423'7 260'9 283.9 91.3 388,6 00001 149'2 125-3 0-0002 104,0 0'0005 148'3 124'3 422,2 246.5 270'1 89,4 64,5 0001 147'5 123.5 421'1 244'7 268-2 88'7 48,7 0'002 146-5 122.2 419'2 242.5 266'2 87-7 35'2 0'005 144,2 119.8 414'9 238'8 262,1 85'7 22-8 0-01 141'6 117.8 410-5 234'5 258,9 83,7 16'2
concentration is slight for most of the electrolytes listed, there is a strong dependence on concentration in the case of acetic acid. The difference in be- haviour can be seen better from Fig. 1.3, where molar conductivities are plotted as functions of concentration, using a logarithmic scale for the latter to provide a wider range for illustration. The five substances selected for illustration repre- sent five different groups of inorganic compounds, within each of which there is little variation, e.g. the curve for nitric acid would run very close to the curve
500 o e
HCI (strong acids) CH 3 COOH (weak acids)
KOH (strong bases) NH 4 0H (weak bases)
KCI (salts)
100 10- 1 10- 2 10- 3 10- 4 10- 5 10- 6 10- 7 10- 8 c/moJ. I-I
Fig. 1.3
of hydrochloric acid. But if we think in terms of degrees of dissociation, we can see that there are only two groups showing different behaviour. The first group, made up of strong acids, strong bases, and salts (including those of weak acids and weak bases), is termed strong electrolytes. (These dissociate almost com- pletely even at relatively low degrees of dilution 0'01 M solutions), and there is little variation in the degree of dissociation at further dilution. On the other hand, weak electrolytes (weak acids and weak bases) start to dissociate only at very low concentrations, and the variation in the degree of dissociation is considerable at this lower concentration range. The two methods, the cryoscopic and ebullioscopic techniques on one hand and the conductivity method on the other hand, yield strikingly similar values for the degree of dissociation, despite the substantially different principles in- volved in the two types of measurements. Some representative results are shown in Table 1.2. It can be noted that agreement is particularly good for dilute solutions of binary electrolytes (KC1). The more concentrated the solutions, the more considerable the differences. Table 1.3 shows the degree of dissociation of
Table 1.2 Degree of dissociation of electrolytes, calculated from freezing point and conductivity measurements Substance Conceatration (J(from (J(from No. of Ions molC I freezIng conductivl ty for one point molecule, n KCI 0.01 0.946 0,943 2 0.02 0.915 0.924 0,05 0'890 0'891 0.10 0.862 0,864 BaCI 2 0.001 0.949 0,959 3 0.01 0,903 0'886 0'10 0'798 0,754 K 2 S0 4 0'001 0,939 0'957 3 0'01 0'887 0'873 0'10 0'748 0.716 K 3 [Fe(CNM 0,001 0,946 0'930 4 0'01 0,865 0'822 0'10 0'715 14
Table 1.3 Degree of dissociation of electro- lytes in O'lM aqueous solutions
Hydrochloric (H + , CI-) Nitric (H+, NO;) Sulphuric (H+, HSO;) Phosphoric (H+, H 2 PO;) Hydrofluoric (H+, F-) Acetic (H+, CH 3 .COO-) Carbonic (H+, HCO;) Hydrosulphuric (H+, HS-) Hydrocyanic (H+, CN-) Boric (H+, H 2 BO;)
0'92 0.92 0.61 0'28 0'085 0.013 0'0017 0'()()()7 O. ()()() I O.()()() I
Potassium chloride (K +, CI-) Sodium chloride (Na + , CI-) Potassium ni trate (K + , CI:;) Silver nitrate (Ag+, N0 3 ) Sodium acetate (Na+, CH 3 .COO-) Barium chloride (Ba H , 2CI-) Potassium sulphate (2K +, SO
-) Sodium carbonate (2Na + , CO
-) Zinc sulphate (Zn H , SO
-) Copper sulphate (Cu H , SO
-) Mercuric chloride (HgH, 2CI-) Mercuric cyanide (HgH, 2CN-)
0'86 0'86 0'82 0'82 0'80 0'75 0'73 0'70 0'40 0'39 <0.01 very small
Sodium hydroxide (Na+, OH-) 0'91 Potassium hydroxide (K +, OH-) 0.91 Barium hydroxide (Ba H , 20H-) 0'81 Ammonia (NH;, OH-) 0'013
a number of electrolytes in O'lM concentrations. From these values we can easily decide whether a particular substance is a strong or a weak electrolyte.
1.11 THE INDEPENDENT MIGRATION OF IONS. CALCULATION OF CONDUCTIVITIES FROM IONIC MOBILITIES For strong elec- trolytes the limiting value of the molar conductivity, Ao, may be determined by extending the measurements to low concentrations and then extrapolating the graph of conductivity against concentration to zero concentration. For weak electrolytes, such as acetic acid and ammonia, this method cannot be employed, since the dissociation is far from complete at the lowest concentrations at which measurements can be conveniently made ('" 1O-4 M ). It is however possible to calculate these limiting conductances on the basis of the law of independent migration of ions. As a result of prolonged and careful study of the conductance of salt solutions down to low concentrations, Kohlrausch found that the difference in molar conductivities of pairs of salts, containing similar anions and always the same two cations, is constant and independent of the nature of the anion. He found for example that the following differences of limiting molar conductivities (measured at 18°C in cm 2 0-1 mol- 1 units)
Ao(KC1) - Ao(NaCl) = 130,1-109,0 = 21.1 A o (KN0 3 )-A o (NaN0 3 ) = 126,3-105,3 = 21'0 are very nearly equal. From these and similar results, Kohlrausch drew the conclusion that the molar conductivity of an electrolyte is made up as the sum of the conductivities of the component ions. Mathematically this can be ex pressed as Ao = A
+A(; where A
and A(; are the limiting molar conductivities or mobilities of the cation and anion respectively. The ionic mobilities are computed from values of Ao with the aid of transference numbers. These represent the current carried by the cation and anion respectively, and can be determined experimentally from the difference of concentration of electrolytes between the bulk of the solution and parts of the solution close to the cathode and anode.. Thus, for example, the transference number of chloride ion in a potassium chloride solution was found to be 0'503, while that of potassium is 0,497 (the sum of transference numbers for one particular electrolyte is by definition equal to one). The limiting value of the molar conductivity of potassium chloride solution (at 18°C) is 130'1 cm 2 0-1 mol-I. Thus the mobility of the potassium ion is A
(K +) = 0'497 x 130.1 = 64'6 cm 2 0-1 mol- 1 and that of the chloride ion is A(;(Cl-) = 0'503 x 130.1 = 65'5cm 2 a- 1 mol- 1
Table 1.4 Limiting ionic mobilities at )SOC and 25°C in cm 2 rr J mol- J units 18"C 25°C H+ 317.0 OH- 174.0 H+ 348,0 OH- 210'8 Na+ 43'5 CI- 65'5 Na+ 49,8 CI- 76,4 K+ 64,6 NO:; 61'8 K+ 73-4 10:; 42.0 Ag+ 54'4 Br- 67,7 Ag+ 61.9 CH 3 COO- 40,6 1/2 Ca H 52.2 r 66.1 1/2 Sr H 51.7 F- 46,8 1/2 Ba H 55'0 CIO:; 55,0 1/2 Pb H 61'6 10:; 34,0 1/2 Cd H 46'5 CH 3 COO- 32.5 1/2 Zn H 46,0 1/2 SOl- 68,3 1/2 Cu H 45'9 1/2 (COOW 61.1
A selected number of ionic mobilities at 18°C and 25°C is shown in Table 104. This table may be utilized for the calculation of the limiting molar conductivities of any electrolytes made up of the ions listed. Thus, for acetic acid at 25°C A o (CH 3 COOH) = A
(H+)+A(;(CH3COO-) = 348'0+40'6 = 388'6 cm 2 0-1 mol-I
· For a more delailed discussion oflransference numbers lexlbooks of physical chemislry should be consulled (cf.: Waller J. Moore's Physical Chemistry. 41h edn., Longman 1966, p. 333 el f).
The degree of dissociation can be calculated from the relation Ac a=- Ao where Ac is the molar conductivity at the concentration c; this can be measured experimentally.
1.12 MODERN THEORY OF STRONG ELECTROLYTES The theory of electrolytic dissociation can be used to explain a great number of phenomena which are important in inorganic qualitative analysis. The theory, as put forward by Arrhenius, can be applied without much alteration as far as weak electrolytes are concerned but as further evidence - particularly of the structure of matter in the solid state - emerged, it became less and less adequate for strong electrolytes. It became clear that substances which are classified as strong electrolytes are made up of ions even in the solid (crystalline) form. In a crystal of sodium chloride, for example, there are no sodium chloride molecules present, (such molecules exist only in the sodium chloride vapour). The crystal is built up of sodium and chloride ions, arranged in a cubic lattice, one sodium ion being
CI-
/ uO (:)
t+\c:J
f)V(!)V(3 nt] . 0o
6_Q0 0 n w A G (d) \.UG)\V
surrounded always by six chloride atoms and vice versa (see Fig. IAa). As the ions are there in the solid state, it is incorrect to suggest that at dissolution 'molecules' di
sociate into ions. The dissolution of an ionic crystal in water is a physical process. It has been proved that in the water molecule the two hydrogen and the oxygen atoms are arranged in a triangle with a distance of 0,0958 nm between the centres of the hydrogen and oxygen atoms, and with an angle of 106 0 between the directions of the two hydrogen atoms (cf. Fig. IAb). Because of this arrange- ment, that side of the water molecule containing the hydrogen atoms, becomes electrostatically positive, while the opposite end, where the oxygen atom is, becomes negative. Thus, the water molecule has a dipole character. If an ionic crystal is placed in water, these dipoles will orientate around the ions present in the outer layer of the lattice. Electrostatic force will tend to pull these ions away from the crystal (see Fig. IAc). When an ion has been removed from the lattice, a symmetrical sphere of water molecules will orientate around it, and the whole hydrated ion with its sphere of water molecules will be taken away from the crystal by thermal motion. A new ion will thus be exposed to the action of water molecules, and slowly the whole crystal will dissolve. It can be stated therefore that in the solution of a strong electrolyte there are only (hydrated) ions present; in other words, 'dissociation' is complete. When accepting this model for the dissolution of strong electrolytes, further problems have to be faced. As was said in the previous section, the theory of electrolytic dissociation was in excellent agreement with the fact that the molar conductivity of strong electrolytes varies considerably with concentration at higher concentrations (cf. Fig. 1.3). This fact does not seem to be in accordance with the theory outlined above. As the number of ions is constant if a certain amount of electrolyte is dissolved, irrespective of its concentration, one would expect that the molar conductivity of such solutions would be constant. It was not until 1923 that Debye and Hiickel, (followed by Onsager in 1925) tried to interpret these phenomena with their famous interionic attraction theory. This theory was elaborated in a quantitative way and led to a number of important discoveries in solution chemistry. For a fuller treatment textbooks of physical chemistry should be consulted.. In the present text the theory is outlined only to the extent necessary for the better understanding of phenomena occurring in qualitative inorganic analysis. The Debye-Hiickel-Onsager theory accepts the fact that in solutions of strong electrolytes ionization is complete. When at rest, i.e. when there is no electrical potential difference applied on the electrodes, each ion is surrounded by a symmetric 'atmosphere' of ions of the opposite charge. When a potential difference is applied, the ions start to migrate towards the electrode with the opposite charge, owing to electrostatic forces. The migration of an individual ion is however far from being free of obstacles. According to the theory there are two discernible causes to which the retardation of ions can be attributed. The first of these is called the electrophoretic effect, and originates from the fact that the ion under consideration has to move against a stream of ions of the opposite charge moving towards the other electrode. As said before, these ions carry a large number of associated water (or solvent) molecules, and the friction be- tween these hydrated (solvated) ions retards their migration. The higher the
· cr. Walter J. Moore's Physical Chemistry. 4th edn., Longman 1966, p. 359 et r.
concentration, the nearer are these ions to each other and the more pronounced is this effect. The second, the asymmetry or (relaxation) effect, is the result of the breakdown of the symmetrical atmosphere of oppositely charged ions around the ion in question. As soon as the ion starts to move towards the particular electrode, it leaves, the centre of the sphere of its ionic atmosphere, leaving behind more ions belonging to the original sphere. For a while at least an unsymmetrical distribution of ions will develop, those ions, which are 'left behind' will electrostatically attract the ion in question. As this force is exerted in just the opposite direction to that of motion, the migration of the ion is slowed down. This effect is the more pronounced the more concentrated the solution. If the electric circuit is broken, it takes some time for the arrange- ment of ions to become symmetrical again (in other words, for relaxation to be complete), and this time, called the time of relaxation, can be expressed mathematically as the function of measurable parameters of the solution. It is inversely proportional to the concentration. The change of conductivity with dilution is therefore not attributed to changes in the degree of dissociation, as suggested by Arrhenius, but to the variation of the inter ionic forces outlined above. The molar conductivity, at a concentration c, can be expressed by the (simplified) equation: Ac = Ao-(A+BAo)jc where Ao is the limiting value of the molar conductivity at zero concentration. A and B are constants (for a particular ion in a particular solvent at constant temperature) and correspond to the asymmetry and electrophoretic effects respectively. The great merits of the Debye-Hiickel-Onsager theory can be judged from the fact that both A and B can be expressed with measurable para- meters of the solution and with some natural constants, and that conductivities calculated with this equation agree well with the experimental values, especially if concentrations are not too high. The ratio Acl Ao in the modem theory of strong electrolytes, based on complete ionization, no longer gives the degree of dissociation r:J. for a strong electrolyte (for which it should be equal to unity); it is more proper therefore to call it the conductivity coefficient or conductance ratio. It does give the approximate degree of dissociation for weak electrolytes, but even here there are interionic forces contributing towards a lessening of the conductivity, and a correction may be applied with the aid of the Debye-Hiickel-Onsager theory.
1.13 CHEMICAL EQUILmRIUM; THE LAW OF MASS ACTION One of the most important facts about chemical reactions is that all chemical reactions are reversible. Whenever a chemical reaction is initiated, reaction products are starting to build up, and these in turn will react with each other starting a reverse reaction. After a while a dynamic equilibrium is reached; that is as many mole- cules (or ions) of each substance are decomposed as are formed in unit time. In some cases this equilibrium is almost completely on the side of formation of one or another substance, and the reaction thus seems to proceed until it becomes complete. In other cases it might be the experimenter's task to create the circumstances under which the reaction, which otherwise would reach an equilibrium, will become complete. This is often the case in quantitative analysis. The conditions of chemical equilibrium can most easily be derived from the
1.13 QUALIT A TlVE INORGANIC ANALYSIS
law of mass action.. This law was stated originally by Guldberg and Waage in 1867 in the following form: the velocity of a chemical reaction at constant temperature is proportional to the product of the concentrations of the reacting substances. Let us consider first a simple reversible reaction at constant temperature: A+B +2 C+D The velocity with which A and B react is proportional to their concentrations, or VI = k l x [A] x [B] where k I is a constant known as the rate constant and the square brackets indicate the molar concentration of the substance enclosed within the brackets. Similarly, the velocity with which the reverse process occurs is given by V 2 = k 2 X [C] x [0] At equilibrium the velocities of the reverse and forward reactions are equal (the equilibrium is a dynamic and not a static one) and therefore
VI = V 2
k l x[A]x[B] = k2x[C]x[D] By rearranging we can write [C]x[D] k i [A] x [B] = k 2 = K K is the equilibrium constant of the reaction. Its value is independent of the concentrations of the species involved; it varies slightly with temperature and pressure. The expression may be generalized for more complex reactions. For a reversible reaction represented by the equation vAA+vBB+vcC+ ... +2 vLL+vMM+vNN where V A' VB . . . etc. are the stoichiometric numbers of the reaction, the equi- librium constant can be expressed as:
[L]"L x [M]"M x [N]"N . . . K= [A]"A x [B]"B x [C]"c . . . Expressed in words: When equilibrium is reached in a reversible reaction at constant temperature and pressure, the product of the molecular concentrations of the resultants (the substances on the right-hand side of the equation), divided by the product of the molecular concentrations of the reactants (the substances on the left-hand side of the equation), each concentration being raised to the power equal to the number of species of that substance taking part in the reaction, is constant.
· 11 musl be emphasized Ihallhe condiIions of chemical equilibrium can be derived and explained mosl exactly on the basis of thermodynamics, that is wiIhout involving reaction rates at all. Text- books of physical chemistry will of course contain the thermodynamical interpretation (cf. W. J. Moore's Physical Chemistry. 4th edn., Longman 1966, p. 167 et f.)
The expression for the equilibrium constant given above gives us the clue to the problem one often comes across in qualitative analysis: what to do in order to make a reaction complete, in other words, to shift a chemical equilibrium in a desired direction. To examine this problem, let us consider the reaction of arsenate ions with iodide. If solutions of sodium arsenate, potassium iodide, and hydrochloric acid are mixed, the solution turns yellow or brown, owing to the formation of iodine. The reaction proceeds between the various ions present, arsenite ions and water being formed simultaneously, and can be expressed with the equation AsO
-+2I-+2H+ p AsO
-+I2+H20 Sodium, potassium, and chloride ions, added with the reagents, do not take part in the reaction, and are therefore not included in the equation. This reaction is reversible and leads to an equilibrium. Applying the law of mass action, we can express the equilibrium constant of the reaction as [AsO
-] x [1 2 ] x [H 2 0] K = [AsO
-] X [1-]2 x [H+]2 Let us suppose we want to reduce all the arsenate to arsenite, that is we want to shift the equilibrium towards the right-hand side of the equation. We can do this in several ways. If we add for example more hydrochloric acid to the solution, we can observe that the yellowish-brown colour deepens, that is more iodine is formed. The explanation of this is obvious from the expression for the equi- librium constant. When adding hydrochloric acid, we increased the hydrogen- ion concentration of the solution; thus increasing the denominator in the expression for the equilibrium constant. The equilibrium constant must remain constant, and therefore the numerator of the expression must increase as well. This can be achieved only by the increase of the individual concentrations in the numerator, which means that more arsenite, iodine, and water must be formed. In turn this means that the equilibrium has shifted towards the right- hand side. The same will happen if we add more potassium iodide to the solution. There are other ways however to achieve the same object. We can for example remove the iodine formed during the reaction by evaporation or by extraction in water-immiscible solvent. In this case the numerator of the expression decreases, and in order to keep K constant, the denominator must decrease also. This again means that more reactants are used up (and more products are formed). Generally, we can say that a chemical equilibrium at constant temperature and pressure can be shifted towards the formation of the products either by adding more reactants, or by removing one of the products from the (homogeneous) equilibrium system. In terms of reactions used in qualitative analysis this means either the addition of reagents in excess, or the removal of reaction products from the solution phase, by some means such as precipitation, t:vaporation, or extraction. From the argument above it follows that opposite action will shift the equi- librium in the opposite direction. Thus, for example, adding more iodine to the equilibrium system, or removing some of the hydrogen ions with a buffer, or removing iodide ions by precipitating them with lead nitrate in the form of lead iodide will shift the equilibrium towards the formation of arsenate. A different way of shifting equilibria towards one or another direction is based on the fact that the equilibrium constant depends on temperature and,
at least in some cases, on pressure. Heating is often applied when performing qualitative analyses, though mainly in order to speed up the reactions (that is to influence kinetics) rather than to influence the conditions of equilibrium. In some cases cooling to low temperatures may achieve the object. For example, the equilibrium constant of the reaction Pb H +21- +2 PbI 2 (s) varies with temperature in such a way that at lower temperatures the formation of lead iodide is favoured. Thus, if we want to precipitate iodide quantitatively with lead, besides adding the reagent in excess, we should perform the reaction in the cold. The equilibrium of those reactions in solutions in which some of the reactants or products are gases, may be influenced by varying the pressure above the solution. Calcium carbonate precipitate for example can be dissolved by introducing carbon dioxide gas in a closed vessel until the pressure in the vessel increases to a few atmospheres, when the equilibrium CaC0 3 (s)+C0 2 (g)+H 2 0 +2 Ca H +2HCO; shifts towards the formation of calcium hydrogen carbonate. For the same reason, hydrogen sulphide gas is more effective if added at a slightly increased pressure, than when bubbled through a solution in an open vessel. If, on the other hand, the product of the reaction is a gas, the equilibrium can be shifted easily towards the formation of the products by removing the gas at a reduced pressure.
1.14 ACTIVITY AND ACTIVITY COEFFICIENTS In our deduction of the law of mass action we used the concentrations of species as variables, and deduced that the value of the equilibrium constant is independent of the con- centrations themselves. More thorough investigations however showed that this statement is only approximately true for dilute solutions (the approximation being the better, the more dilute are the solutions), and in more concentrated solutions it is not correct at all. Similar discrepancies arise when other thermo- dynamic quantities, notably electrode potentials or chemical free energies are dealt with. To overcome these difficulties, and still to retain the simple expres- sions derived for such quantities, G. N. Lewis introduced a new thermodynamic quantity, termed activity, which when applied instead of concentrations in these thermodynamic functions, provides an exact fit with experimental results. This
uantity has the same dimensions as concentration. The activity, a A , ofa species A is proportional to its actual concentration [A], and can be expressed as a A = fAx [A] Here fA is the activity coefficient, a dimensionless quantity, which varies with concentration. For the simple equilibrium reaction, mentioned in Section 1.13 A+B +2 C+D the equilibrium constant can be expressed more precisely as _ a c x aD _ fc[C] xfD[D] _ fc xfD [C] x [0] K--- --x aAxa U fA[A]xfu[B] fAxfu [A]x[B] Activities, and thus activity coefficients, must be raised to appropriate powers, just like concentrations, if the stoichiometric numbers differ from 1. Thus, for
the general reversible reaction, dealt with in Section 1.13: vAA+voB+vcC+ ... P vLL+vMM+vNN+ ... the equilibrium constant should be expressed more precisely as
a VL x a VM x a VN x '" K= L M N a
A x a
B x a
c x ...
(fL[L ])"L x (fM[M])"M X (fN[N])"N X = (fA[A])"A X (fo[B])"B x (fc[C)"c x = f
L xf
M xf
N X ... x [L]"L x [M]"M x [N]"N X f
A xf
B xf
c x ... [A]"A x [B]"B x [C]"c x The activity coefficient varies with concentration. This variation is rather complex; the activity coefficient of a particular ion being dependent upon the concentration of all ionic species present in the solution. As a measure of the latter, Lewis and Randall (1921) introduced the quantity called ionic strength, I, and defined it as the half sum of the products of the concentration of each ion multiplied by the square of its charge. With mathematical symbols this can be expressed as I = !
where C i is the concentration of the ith component, and Zi is its charge. Thus, if a solution is 0.1 molar for nitric acid and 0'2 molar for barium nitrate, the concentrations of each ion being Cw = O. 1 mol £ - 1 COaH = 0.2 mol £ - 1 C N 0 3 = 0,3 mol £-1 and the charges ZH+ = 1 ZOa2+ = 2 ZN03 = 1 for the same ions respectively, the ionic strength of the solution will be I = t(cwz
+ + C Oa 2 + Z
aH + CN03Z
03) = t(0'1 x 1 +0'2 x 4+0'3 xl) = 0,6 The correlation between activity coefficient and ionic strength can be deduced from the quantitative relationships of the Debye-Huckel-Onsager theory. Without giving details of this deduction* it is interesting to quote the final result:
log}; = -0'43e 3 N 2 100
3T3 x z
jI In this expression e is the charge of the electron, N the Avogadro constant, R the gas constant, Po the density of the solvent, t: the dielectric constant of the solvent,
· For details textbooks of physical chemistry should be consulted. Cf. W. J. Moore's Physical Chemistry. 4th edn., Longman 1966, p. 354 et f.
1.14 QUALITATIVE INORGANIC ANALYSIS and T the absolute temperature. Though the expression is rather complicated, it is worth noting that it contains natural constants and some easily measurable physical quantities. This shows the great merit of the Debye-Hiickel-Onsager theory: it is able to provide a quantitative picture of the characteristics of electrolyte solutions. Inserting the adequate values of constants and physical quantities for dilute aqueous solutions at room temperatures (T = 298K) the expression can be Table 1.5 Mean activity coefficients of various electrolytes Molar 0.001 0'01 0,05 0.1 0.2 0'5 1.0 2'0 coacentration HCI 0,966 0,904 0'830 0'796 0,767 0'758 0'809 1.01 HBr 0,966 0,906 0,838 0,805 0'782 0'790 0'871 1.17 HN0 3 0.965 0'902 0'823 0.785 0'748 0'715 0'720 0,78 HI03 0,96 0'86 0'69 0'58 0'46 0.29 0'19 0'10 H 2 SO 4 0'830 0'544 0,340 0'265 0.209 0'154 0'130 0'12 NaOH 0'82 0,73 0'69 0,68 0'70 KOH 0.90 0.82 0,80 0,73 0,76 0,89 Ba(OHh 0.712 0.526 0'443 0'370 AgN0 3 0,90 0'79 0'72 0,64 0'51 0'40 0.28 AI(N0 3 h 0'20 0'16 0'14 0'19 0.45 BaCI 2 0'88 0,72 0'56 0'49 0.44 0.39 0,39 0.44 Ba(N0 3 h 0'88 0'71 0'52 0'43 0,34 CaCI 2 0,89 0,73 0,57 0'52 0'48 0'52 0'71 Ca(N0 3 h 0,88 0.71 0,54 0'48 0.42 0,38 0'35 0,35 CdCI 2 0,76 0'47 0'28 0'21 0'15 0'09 0,06 CdS0 4 0,73 0'40 0.21 0'17 0'11 0'07 0,05 0.04 CuCI 2 0,89 0'72 0'58 0'52 0'47 0'42 0'43 0'51 CUS04 0'74 0.41 0.21 0.16 0'11 0,07 0.05 FeCI 2 0,89 0'75 0.62 0'58 0,55 0,59 0'67 KF 0'93 0'88 0,85 0.81 0'74 0.71 0'70 KCI 0,965 0'901 0'815 0'769 0.719 0'651 0'606 0'576 KBr 0'%5 0,903 0.822 0'777 0'728 0.665 0.625 0.602 KI 0,965 0'905 0'84 0'80 0,76 0.71 0'68 0'69 KCI0 3 0,967 0'907 0.813 0'755 KCI0 4 0.965 0'895 0,788 K 2 S0 4 0'89 0'71 0.52 0,43 0'36 K 4 Fe(CN)6 0.19 0'14 0'11 0,67 LiBr 0,966 0,909 0'842 0'810 0,784 0,783 0,848 1'06 Mg(N0 3 h 0,88 0.71 0,55 0'51 0'46 0.44 0,50 0,69 MgS04 0'40 0.22 0'18 0'13 0,09 0,06 0,05 NH 4 CI 0.96 0'88 0'79 0,74 0.69 0.62 0'57 NH4Br 0,96 0,87 0.78 0'73 0,68 0.62 0'57 NH41 0.96 0'89 0'80 0,76 0'71 0'65 0,60 NH 4 N0 3 0'96 0,88 0'78 0'73 0'66 0'56 0'47 (NH 4 hS04 0,87 0,67 0'48 0'40 0.32 0.22 0'16 NaF 0.90 0'81 0,75 0.69 0.62 NaCI 0,966 0,904 0'823 0'780 0'730 0,68 0'66 0'67 NaBr 0,966 0.914 0,844 0'800 0,740 0'695 0'686 0'734 NaI 0.97 0.91 0'86 0'83 0.81 0,78 0'80 0.95 NaN0 3 0.966 0'90 0.82 0,77 0,70 0'62 0'55 0,48 Na2S04 0'89 0'71 0,53 0'45 0,36 0'27 0'20 NaCI0 4 0,97 0'90 0'82 0'77 0'72 0'64 0'58 Pb(N0 3 h 0,88 0,69 0'46 0,37 0'27 0'17 0'11 ZnCI 2 0,88 0'71 0'56 0'50 0'45 0'38 0'33 ZnS04 0'70 0,39 0'15 0'11 0.07 0,05 0'04 24
simplified to log}; = -0'509z
jI F or the mean activity coefficient of a salt the ex pression logf = -0'509z+=-jI is valid, where z + and =- are the charges of the cation and anion respectively. The expression is applicable to solutions of low ionic strengths (up to 1 = 0'01) in the strictest sense. A number of mean activity coefficients are collected in Table 1.5. Activity coefficients generally first decrease with increasing concentrations, then, after passing through a minimum, rise again, often exceeding the value 1. This is illustrated well on the diagrams of Fig. 1.5 where activity coefficients of some electrolyte solutions are plotted against the square root of concentration.
HC)
f ),7 ),6 ),5 )-4 ).3 ).2 ).) ),0 0,9 0.8 0.7 0.6 0.5 o
NaC)
f ),5 ),4 )'3 ),2 ).) ).0 0.9 0,8 0,7 0,6 0,5 0,4 0.3 0,2 0,) 0 0
CaC) 2
),0
e l/ 2
Fig. 1.5 Activity coefficients of non-ionized molecules do not differ appreciably from unity. In dilute solutions of weak electrolytes the differences between activities and concentrations (calculated from the degree of dissociation) is negligible. From all that has been said about activity and activity coefficients, it is apparent that whenever precise results are to be expected, activities should be used when expressing equilibrium constants or other thermodynamic functions. In the present text however we shall be using simply concentrations. For the dilute solutions of strong and weak electrolytes that are mainly used in quali- tative analysis, errors introduced into calculations are not considerable.
C. CLASSICAL THEORY OF ACID-BASE REACTIONS
1.15 ACIDS, BASES, AND SALTS Inorganic substances can be classified into three important groups: acids, bases, and salts.
An acid is most simply defined as a substance which, when dissolved in water, undergoes dissociation with the formation of hydrogen ions as the only positive ions. Some acids and their dissociation products are as follows: HCl +2 H+ +Cl- hydrochloric acid chloride ion HN0 3 +2 H+ + NO; nitric acid nitrate ion CH 3 COOH +2 H+ +CH 3 COO- acetic acid acetate ion Actually, hydrogen ions (protons) do not exist in aqueous solutions. Each proton combines with one water molecule by coordination with a free pair of electrons on the oxygen of water, and hydronium ions are formed: H+ +H 2 0 -+ H 3 0+ The existence of hydronium ions, both in solutions and in the solid state has been proved by modem experimental methods. The above dissociation reactions should therefore be expressed as the reaction of the acids with water: HC1+H 2 0 +2 H 3 0+ +Cl- HN0 3 +H 2 0 +2 H 3 0+ + NO; CH 3 COOH+H 2 0 +2 H 3 0+ +CH 3 COO- For the sake of simplicity however we shall denote the hydronium ion by H+ and call it hydrogen ion in the present text. All the acids mentioned so far produce one hydrogen ion per molecule when dissociating; these are termed monobasic acids. Other monobasic acids are: perchloric acid (HCl0 4 ), hydrobromic acid (HBr), hydriodic acid (HI) etc. Polybasic acids dissociate in more steps, yielding more than one hydrogen ion per molecule, Sulphuric acid is a dibasic acid and dissociates in two steps: H 2 S0 4 +2 H+ + HS0 4 HSO; +2 H+ +soi- yielding hydrogen sulphate ions and sulphate ions after the first and second step respectively. Phosphoric acid is tribasic: H 3 P0 4 p H+ + H 2 PO; H 2 PO; +2 H+ + HPOi- HPOi- +2 H+ +PO
- The ions formed after the first, second, and third dissociation step, are termed dihydrogen phosphate, (mono)hydrogen phosphate, and phosphate ions respectively. The degree of dissociation differs from acid to acid. Strong acids dissociate almost completely at medium dilutions (cf. Section 1.10), these are therefore strong electrolytes. Strong acids are: hydrochloric, nitric, perchloric acid, etc. Sulphuric acid is a strong acid as far as the first dissociation step is concerned, but the degree of dissociation in the second step is smaller. Weak acids dissociate only slightly at medium or even low concentrations (at which, for example, they are applied as analytical reagents). Weak acids are therefore weak electrolytes.
Acetic acid is a typical weak acid; other weak acids are boric acid (H 3 B0 3 ), even as regards the first dissociation step, carbonic acid (H 2 C0 3 ) etc. Phosphoric acid can be termed as a medium strong acid on the basis of the degree of the first dissociation; the degree of the second dissociation is smaller, and smallest is that of the third dissociation. There is however, no sharp division between these classes. As we will see later (cf. Section 1.16) it is possible to express the strength of acids and bases quantitatively. A base can be most simply defined as a substance which, when dissolved in water, undergoes dissociation with the formation of hydroxyl ions as the only negative ions. Soluble metal hydroxides, like sodium hydroxide or potassium hydroxide are almost completely dissociated in dilute aqueous solutions: NaOH p Na+ +OH- KOH p K+ +OH- These are therefore strong bases. Aqueous ammonia solution, on the other hand, is a weak base. When dissolved in water, ammonia forms ammonium hydroxide, which dissociates to ammonium and hydroxide ions: NH 3 +H 2 0 p NH 4 0H p NH1+0H- It is however more correct to write the reaction as NH 3 +H 2 0 p NH1+0H- Strong bases are therefore strong electrolytes, while weak bases are weak electrolytes. There is however no sharp division between these classes, and, as in the case of acids, it is possible to express the strength of bases quantitatively. According to the historic definition, salts are the products of reactions between acids and bases. Such processes are called neutralization reactions. This definition is correct in the sense that if equivalent amounts of pure acids and bases are mixed, and the solution is evaporated, a crystalline substance remains, which has the characteristics neither of an acid nor of a base. These substances were termed salts by the early chemists. If reaction equations are expressed as the interaction of molecules, HC1+NaOH -+ NaCl+H 2 0 acid base salt the formation of the salt seems to be the result of a genuine chemical process. In fact however this explanation is incorrect. We know that both the (strong) acid and the (strong) base as well as the salt (cf. Section 1.10) are almost com- pletely dissociated in the solution, viz. HCl p H+ +Cl- NaOH p Na+ +OH- NaCl p Na+ +Cl- while the water, also formed in the process, is almost completely undissociated. It is more correct therefore to express the neutralization reaction as the chemical combination of ions: H+ +Cl- +Na+ +OH- -+ Na+ +Cl- +H 2 0 In this equation, Na+ and Cl- ions appear on both sides. As nothing has there-
fore happened to these ions, the equation can be simplified to H+ +OH- -+ H 2 0 showing that the essence of any acid-base reaction (in aqueous solution) is the formation of water. This is indicated by the fact, among others, that the heat of neutralization is approximately the same (56'9 kJ) for the reaction of one mole of any monovalent strong acid and base. The salt in the solid state is built up of ions, arranged in a regular pattern in the crystal lattice. Sodium chloride, for instance, is built up of sodium ions and chloride ions so arranged that each ion is surrounded symmetrically by six ions of the opposite sign; the crystal lattice is held together by electrostatic forces due to the charges of the ions (cf. Fig. 104). Amphoteric substances, or ampholytes, are able to engage in neutralization reactions both with acids and bases (more precisely, both with hydrogen and hydroxyl ions). Aluminium hydroxide, for example, reacts with strong acids, when it dissolves and aluminium ions are formed:
Al(OHh(s)+3H+ -+ A1 3 + +3H 2 0 In this reaction aluminium hydroxide acts as a base. On the other hand, aluminium hydroxide can also be dissolved in sodium hydroxide:
Al(OHh(s)+OH- -+ [Al(OH)4]-
when tetrahydroxoaluminate ions are formed. In this reaction aluminium hydroxide behaves as an acid. The amphoteric behaviour of certain metal hydroxides is often utilized in qualitative inorganic analysis, notably in the separation of the cations of the third group.
1.16 ACID-BASE DISSOCIA nON EQUILIBRIA. STRENGTH OF ACIDS AND BASES The dissociation of an acid (or a base) is a reversible process to which the law of mass action can be applied. The dissociation of acetic acid, for example, yields hydrogen and acetate ions: CH 3 COOH p CH 3 COO- + H+ Applying the law of mass action to this reversible process, we can express the equilibrium constant as
[H+] [CH 3 COO-] K = [CH 3 COOH] The constant K is termed the dissociation equilibrium constant or simply the dissociation constant. Its value for acetic acid is 1.76 x 10-5 at 25°C. In general, if the dissociation of a monobasic acid HA takes place according to the equilibrium HA p H++A-
the dissociation equilibrium constant can be expressed as
[H+] x [A-] K = [HA]
The stronger the acid, the more it dissociates, hence the greater is the value of K, the dissociation equilibrium constant. Dibasic acids dissociate in two steps, and both dissociation equilibria can be characterized by separate dissociation equilibrium constants. The dissociation of the dibasic acid H 2 A can be represented by the following two equilibria: H 2 A p H++HA- HA- p H+ +A 2 -
Applying the law of mass action to these processes we can express the two dissociation equilibrium constants as
[H+] x [HA -] [H 2 A]
[H+] X [A 2 -] K 2 = [HA-]
KJ and K 2 are termed first and second dissociation equilibrium constants respectively. It must be noted that Kl > K 2 , that is the first dissociation step is always more complete than the second. A tribasic acid H3A dissociates in three steps: H3A p H+ +H 2 A- H 2 A- p H++HA 2 - HA 2 - P H+ +A 3 -
and the three dissociation equilibrium constants are
[H+] [H 2 A] KJ = [H3 A ] , [H+] [HA 2 -] K 2 = [H2A -] [H+][A 3 -] K3 = [HA 2 -]
for the first, second, and third steps respectively. It must again be noted that KJ > K 2 > K 3 , that is the first dissociation step is the most complete, while the third is the least complete. Similar considerations can be applied to bases. Ammonium hydroxide (i.e. the aqueous solution of ammonia) dissociates according to the equation: NH 4 0H p NH1 +OH-
K = [NH1] x [OH-] [NH 4 0H]
The actual value of this dissociation constant is 1'79 x 10-5 (at 25°C). Generally, if a monovalent base BOH* dissociates as
BOH +2 [B+] + [OH-] the dissociation equilibrium constant can be expressed as [B+] x [OH-] K = [BOH] It can be said again that the stronger the base the better it dissociates, and there- fore the larger the value of the dissociation equilibrium constant. The exponent of the dissociation equilibrium constant, called pK, is defined by the equations I pK = -log K = log- K Its value is often quoted instead of that of K. The usefulness of pK will become apparent when dealing with the hydrogen-ion exponent or pH. We saw already that the value of the dissociation constant is correlated with the degree of dissociation, and so with the strength of the acid or base. The degree of dissociation depends on the concentration, and therefore it cannot be used to characterize the strength of the acid or base without stating the circumstances under which it is measured. The value of the dissociation equilibrium constant, on the other hand, is independent of the concentration (more precisely of the activity) of the acid, and therefore provides the most adequate quantitative measure of the strength of the acid or base. A selected list of K and pK values is given in Table 1.6. Accurate values for strong acids do not appear in the table, because their dissociation constants are so large that they cannot be measured reliably. The values of dissociation constants can be used with advantage when calculating the concentrations of various species (notably the hydrogen-ion concentration) in the solution. A few examples of such calculations are given below: Example 1 Calculate the hydrogen-ion concentration in a O'OlM solution of acetic acid. The dissociation of acetic acid takes place according to the equilibrium: CH 3 COOH +2 H+ +CH 3 COO- the dissociation equilibrium constant being K [H+] x [CH 3 COO-] = 1'75 X 10-s = [CH 3 COOH]
· Organic amines behave like monovalent weak bases. Their behaviour can be explained along similar lines as the basic character of ammonia. The general formula of a monoamine is R-NH 2 (where R is a monovalent organic radical), showing that one hydrogen of the ammonia is replaced by the radical R. When dissolved in water, amines hydrolyse and dissociate as RNH 2 +H 2 0 <:! RNH 3 0H;:t RNHj +OH- and the law of mass action can be applied to this dissociation just like for that of ammonia. For more detailed account see I. L. Finar's Organic Chemistry, Vol. J. The Fundamental Principles. 5th edn., Longman 1967, p. 343 et f.
THEORETICAL BASIS 1.16 Table 1.6 Dissociation constants of acids and bases Acid °C Dissociation K pK step Monobasic acids HCI 25 _107 --7 HBr 25 _109 --9 HI 25 - 3 x 10 9 - - 9.48 HF 25 6,7 x 10- 4 3'17 HCN 18 4,79 x 10- 10 3-32 HCNO 25 2.2 x 10- 4 3-66 HCNS 25 1.42 x 10- 1 0,85 HCIO 15 3'2 x IO- s 7.49 HCI0 2 25 4,9 x 10- 3 2.31 HIO 25 2xlO- 10 9,70 HN0 2 20 7 X 10- 4 3'15 HN0 3 30 22 -1,34 CH 3 COOH 20 1'75xlO- 5 4,76 HCOOH 20 1'77xlO- 4 3,75 CH 2 CI-COOH 20 1'39xlO- 3 2-86 CHCI 2 -COOH 25 5.1 x 10- 2 1.29 C 6 H 5 OH 20 1'05 x 10- 10 9'98 C 6 H 5 COOH 20 6'24 x 10- 5 4.20 C 2 H 5 COOH 20 1.34x 10- 5 4,87 Dibasic acids H 2 C0 3 25 I 4.31 x 10- 7 6'37 25 2 5'6IxlO- 11 10.25 H 2 S 20 I 9.1 X IO- s 7'04 20 2 1'2x 10- 15 14.92 H 2 S0 3 18 I 1.66 x 10- 2 1.78 18 2 1'02x 10- 2 1.99 H 2 SO 4 20 I -4xlO- 1 0,4 2 1'27xlO- 2 1'9 (COOHh 20 I 2'4xlO- 2 1.62 20 2 5,4 x 10- 5 4.27 C 4 H 6 0 6 20 I 9'04 x 10- 4 3,04 (tartaric acid) 2 4.25 x 10- 5 4,37 Tribasic acids H 3 As0 4 18 I 5.62 x 10- 3 2.25 18 2 1'70xlO- 7 6,77 18 3 2.95 x 10- 12 11'53 H 3 B0 3 20 I 5.27 X 10- 10 9.28 20 2 1.8 X 10- 13 12.74 20 3 1.6 x 10- 14 13-80 H 3 P0 4 20 I 7'46 x 10- 3 2'13 20 2 6'12xlO-s 7.21 20 3 4.8xlO- 13 12.32 C 6 H s 0 7 20 I 7.21 X 10- 4 3'14 (citric acid) 20 2 1.70 x 10- 5 4,77 20 3 4,09 x 10- 5 4.39
1.16 QUALITATIVE INORGANIC ANALYSIS Table 1.6 Dissociation constants of acids and bases AcId °C DIssocIatIon K pK step Bases NaOH 25 I -4 -0.60 LiOH 25 I 6.65 x 10- 1 0'18 NH 4 0H 20 I 1'7IxlO- s 4,77 Ca(OHh 25 I 4 x 10- 2 1'40 25 2 3'74 x 10- 3 2.43 Mg(OHh 25 2 2.6 x 10- 3 2.58 CH 3 -NH 2 20 I 4, 17 x 10- 4 3,38 (CH 3 h N H 20 I 5,69 x 10- 4 3.24 (CH 3 h N 20 I 5,75 x 10- s 4.24 C 2 H s -NH 2 20 I 3.02 X 10- 4 3.52 (C 2 H s h N H 25 I 8,57 x 10- 4 3'07 (C 2 H s h ==N 25 I 5,6 x 10- 4 3.25 C 6 H S-NH2 20 I 4x 10- 10 9-40 (aniline) CsHsN 20 I . 15 x 10- 9 8,94 (pyridine) C 9 H 7 N 20 5.9 x 10- 10 9.23 ( quinoline)
Neglecting the small amounts of hydrogen ions originating from the dissociation of water (cf. Section 1.18), we can say that all hydrogen ions originate from the dissociation of acetic acid. Hence the hydrogen-ion concentration is equal to the concentration of acetate ions:
[H+] = [CH 3 COO-] Some of the acetic acid in the solution will remain undissociated, while some molecules dissociate. The total concentration c (O'OlM) of the acid is therefore the sum of the concentration of undissociated acetic acid and that of acetate ions:
c = [CH 3 COOH] + [CH 3 COO-] = 0'01 These equations can be combined into [H+]2 K = c - [H +] Rearranging and expr essing [H +] we obtain [H+] = -K+JK2+4cK 2 Inserting K = 1'75 x 10- 5 and c = 0'01 we have [H+] = -1'75 x 1O- 5 +J3'06 x 10- 1 °+ 7 x 10- 7 = 4'10 X 10- 4 molt-I 2
(The second root of equation (i) with a minus sign in front of the square root leads to a negative concentration value, which has no physical meaning.)
From this example we can see that in a O'OlM solution of acetic acid only about 4 % of the molecules are dissociated. Example 2 Calculate the concentrations of the ions HS- and S2- in a saturated solution of hydrogen sulphide. A saturated aqueous solution of hydrogen sulphide (at 20°C and 1 atm pressure) is about O'lM, (the precise figure is 0'1075 mol r 1). The dissociation constants of hydrogen sulphide are KI = [H+] x [HS-] = 8,73 x 10-7 [H 2 S]
K = [H+] x [S2-] = 3'63 X 10-12 2 [HS-] (for 20°C). As the second dissociation constant is very small, the value of [S2-] is exceedingly small. Thus only the first ionization step may be taken into consideration, when the correlation
[H+] = [HS-]
(iii)
holds. Because of the small degree of even the first ionization, the total con- centration (0'1 mol t - I) can be regarded as equal to the concentration of undissociated hydrogen sulphide: [H 2 S] = 0.1 (iv) Combining equations (i), (iii), and (iv) we have
[HS-] = .) K 1 [H 2 S] = .) 8'73 X 10- 7 x 0.1 = 2.95 x 10- 4 and the combination of (ii) and (iii) yields the value of [S2-]: [ HS- ] [ S2- ] = K - = K = 3'63 X 10- 12 2 [H + ] 2 If one multiplies equations (i) and (ii) together and transposes [ S2- ] = 3'17x1O- 18 [H+]2 one finds that the concentration of sulphide ions is inversely proportional to the square of hydrogen-ion concentration. Thus, by adjusting the hydrogen-ion concentration by adding an acid or a base to a solution, the concentration of sulphide ions can be adjusted to a predetermined, preferential value. This principle is used in the separation of metal ions of the 2nd and 3rd groups.
1.17 EXPERIMENTAL DETERMINATION OF THE DISSOCIATION EQUILmRIUM CONSTANT. OSTWALD'S DILUTION LAW The dis- sociation equilibrium constant and the degree of dissociation at a given con-. centration are interlinked. To find this correlation let us consider the dissociation of a weak monobasic acid. The dissociation reaction can be written as HA p H++A-
with the dissociation equilibrium constant
The total concentration of the (undissociated plus dissociated) acid is c, thus the correlation
c = [HA] + [A -]
holds. The degree of dissociation is rx. The concentration of hydrogen ions and that of the dissociated anion will be equal, and can be expressed as
[H +] = [A -] = crx Combining equations (i), (ii), and (iii) we can write K = crx x c
= crx 2 c - crx 1 - rx or, using the notation V for the dilution of the solution
1 V=- c
(in t mol- 1 units)
the equilibrium constant can be written as rx 2 K= V(l- rx) If c or V is known and rx is determined by one of the experimental methods mentioned in Section 1.10, K can be calculated by these equations. These equations are often referred to as Ostwald's dilution law, as they express the correlation between dilution and the degree of dissociation. As the latter is proportional to the molar conductivity of the solution, the above correlation describes the particular shapes of the conductivity curves shown in Fig. 1.3. The way in which dissociation constants are obtained from experimental data is illustrated in Table 1.7, in which the dissociation equilibrium constant of acetic acid is computed from molar conductivities. The average value
Table 1.7 Calculation of the dissociation equilibrium constant of acetic acid from measured values of molar conductivity
Concentratioa A (J( K X 10 5 X 10 5 1'873 102.5 0.264 1.78 5'160 65'95 0'170 1.76 9-400 50,60 0.130 1.83 24.78 31.94 0,080 1'82 38'86 25'78 0,066 1.83 56,74 21.48 0.055 1,84 68.71 19'58 0,050 1'84 92'16 16'99 0,044 1.84 112'2 15'41 0,040 1'84 0 388'6 34
(1'82 x 10- 5) of the equilibrium constant agrees well with the true value (1'78 x 10- 5 at 25°C).
1.18 THE DISSOCIATION AND IONIC PRODUCT OF WATER Kohlrausch and Heidweiller (1894) found, after careful experimental studies, that the purest water possesses a small, but definite conductance. Water must therefore be slightly ionized in accordance with the dissociation equilibrium: H 2 0 +2 H+ + OH- Applying the law of mass action to this dissociation, we can express the equilibrium constant as [H+] x [OH-] K = [H 2 0] From the experimental values obtained for the conductance of water the value of K can be determined; this was found to be 1'82 x 10- 16 at 25°C. This low value indicates that the degree of dissociation is negligible; all the water can therefore in practice be regarded as undissociated. Thus the concentration of water (relative molecular mass = 18) is constant, and can be expressed as [H 2 0] = 1000 = 55'6 mol r l 18 We can therefore collect the constants to one side of the equation and can write Kw = [H+] x [OH-] = 1'82 x 10- 16 x 55'6 = 1'01 x 10- 14 (at 25°C) the new constant, Kw is called the ionic product of water. Its value is dependent Table 1.8 The Ionic product of water at various temperatures
Temperature Kw x 10 14 Temperature Kw x 10 14 (0C) (0C) 0 0.12 35 2.09 5 0'19 40 2.92 10 0.29 45 4.02 15 0'45 50 5'48 20 0'68 55 7,30 25 1.01 60 9.62 30 1.47
on temperature (cf. Table 1.8); for room temperature the value Kw = 10- 14 is generally accepted and used. The importance of the ionic product of water lies in the fact that its value can be regarded as constant not only in pure water, but also in diluted aqueous solutions, such as occur in the course of qualitative inorganic analysis. This means that if, for example, an acid is dissolved in water, (which, when dis- sociating, produces hydrogen ions), the concentration of hydrogen ions can increase only at the expense of hydroxyl-ion concentration. If, on the other hand, a base is dissolved, the hydroxyl-ion concentration increases and hydrogen-ion concentration decreases.
We can define the term neutral solution more precisely along these lines. A solution is neutral if it contains equal concentrations of hydrogen and hydroxyl ions; that is if [H+] = [OH-] In a neutral solution therefore
[H+] = [OH-] = .JK:, = 10- 7 mol r J In an acid solution the hydrogen-ion concentration exceeds this value, while in an alkaline solution the reverse is true. Thus in an acid solution [H+] > [OH-] and [H+] > 10- 7 in an alkaline solutio
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FEI Launches Investigation of Sweden’s Patrik Kittel Warming Up Horse at Odense World Cup
10 years ago admin Comments Off on FEI Launches Investigation of Sweden’s Patrik Kittel Warming Up Horse at Odense World Cup
Patrik Kittel and Watermill Scandic at the Odense World Cup event. © 2009 JBK Wiegaarden
LAUSANNE, Switzerland, Oct. 27–The International Equestrian Federation (FEI) announced Tuesday it has launched an investigation into the warmup by Patrik Kittel of Sweden on his horse Watermill Scandic at the recent FEI World Cup event in Odense, Denmark.
The FEI launched the investigation after a video filmed in the warm up arena on Oct. 16 was posted on YouTube.com. Click HERE to see the video.
The video had been viewed more than 51,000 times as of Tuesday night U.S. Eastern time. It has sparked a flood of complaints on social sites around the world, many referring to the controversial training technique called Rollkur, now officially known as “hyperflexion of the neck.”
The Swedish pair finished third in the Odense World Cup Grand Prix Freestyle, the first of nine qualifiers in the World Cup West European League.
Kittel rode Floresco as a member of the Swedish team at the 2008 Olympics in Hong Kong and rode Watermill Scandic at the European Championships at Windsor, England, in August, 2009. He is trained by Sjef Janssen, coach of the Dutch team and husband of Anky van Grunsven.
Clip of the YouTube.com video
The complete FEI statement:
“The FEI is aware of the video filmed at the FEI World Cup Dressage qualifier at Odense (DEN) and posted on YouTube. FEI’s main concern has always been and will always be the welfare of the horse. We are taking the issues raised in the video and in the comments made by members of the public on social media and by email very seriously and have opened a full investigation. The conclusions of this investigation will be made public in due course”
An article posted on the Danish Internet site, Epona.tv, reported:
“A quick glance at the warm up arena at the World Cup dressage qualifier of the season in Odense, Denmark, revealed hyperflexed horses and blue tongues.
“For a minimum of two hours, Swedish Olympic rider Patrik Kittel trained his stallion, Watermill Scandic, in various degrees of hyperflexion, on Friday ahead of Saturday’s Grand Prix Special. EPONA.tv was passing by the warm up at 3.45 pm, and at this time, the rider was well into his session. At circa 5.45, the session ended.
“During the first part of the training session, the horse’s tongue was briefly showing. The tongue was clearly blue, and flopped limply from the horse’s mouth. However, Patrik Kittel was quick to notice, and halted the horse before reaching for the muzzle with the hand furthest away from the camera. Afterwards, the tongue did not reappear. EPONA.tv’s caught the revealing moment on film.
“During the training session, EPONA.tv spoke to a spectator who claimed to have notified one of the show’s officials of the prolonged hyperflexion. Odense’s Chief Steward confirms to EPONA.tv that a complaint was lodged against Patrik Kittel’s riding, but it was not deemed necessary to comment or take action, because Kittel was no worse than other riders using the same method.
“EPONA.tv has spoken to Patrik Kittel, and asked him if he thinks he is riding in accordance with the FEI Code of Conduct.
” ‘I think you should send the questions in an email along with the footage, so I can give it to my lawyers,'” EPONA.tv quoted Kittel.
The reporters said they asked Kittel whether he was riding in accordance with the FEI Code of Conduct.
“Of course I do,” EPONA quoted him. “Otherwise a steward would do something about it. But I don’t want to discuss it with you now. Have a good day.”
Julie Brougham & Vom Feinsten Named by New Zealand for Rio Olympics
AUCKLAND, New Zealand, June 27, 2016--Julie Brougham and Vom Feinsten were named Monday to the individual start for New Zealand at the Olympics in Rio de Janeiro in six... Read More
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Dr. Grob's Animation Review
The animation film review site
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You are currently browsing the tag archive for the ‘Grigori Lomidze’ tag.
Тебе Москва (To You, Moscow)
November 11, 2015 in ★★★, European films, Russia, Soyuzmultfilm | Tags: 1947, Grigori Lomidze, Moscow, propaganda, soviet propaganda, soviet union, Stalin | 1 comment
Director: Grigori Lomidze
‘To You, Moscow’ is a long and slow Soviet propaganda film celebrating Moscow’s 800th birthday by depicting its turbulent history.
During the film we watch Moscow’s settlement, the victory of Ivan III over the Tartars (15th century), the revolt against Polish occupation (17th century), the defeat of Napoleon’s army in 1812, the 1905 revolution, the 1917 socialist revolution (‘led by Lenin and Stalin’) and the 1941 defeat of the fascist army to the present day.
The socialist revolution section leads to live-action footage of Moscow, a happy child, flowers, some buildings and street scenes and statues of Lenin and Stalin. The last section, the celebration, shows photographs of heroic inhabitants of the Soviet Union, and not only glorifies Moscow as “our youth, our glory”, “our dear mother” and “our birthday girl”, but also as a “glory to Stalin”.
The different sections are bridged by letters and postcards to comrade Stalin. The sections themselves focus on strives and battles, and are accompanied by alternately realistic and symbolic images. For example, the 1917 revolution is depicted by the czarist double-headed eagle struggling and falling to pieces, while the most impressive part may be that of 1812, with its realistic images of fire.
It may be clear that this film is propaganda at its worst. The film is saved from becoming totally unwatchable by the beautiful animation, the stark images, and the lively patriotic music.
Watch ‘To You, Moscow’ yourself and tell me what you think:
‘To You, Moscow’ is available on the DVD box set ‘Animated Soviet Propaganda’
Али-Бабы и сорока разбойников (Ali Baba and the Forty Thieves)
October 23, 2013 in ★★★½, European films, Russia, Soyuzmultfilm | Tags: 1959, Ali Baba and the Forty Thieves, Arabia, Arabian Nights, Eduard Kolmanovsky, Grigori Lomidze | Leave a comment
Filmed in two colors, ‘Ali Baba and the Forty Thieves’ is a long puppet animation film from the Soviet Union.
The short takes half an hour to retell the famous story from One Thousand and One Arabian Nights quite faithfully. The film features the death of two characters, but the grim ending of the original story is lacking. Instead of being killed, the forty thieves are captured by the townspeople.
Interestingly, Ali Baba is not the real hero of the story, but rather his wife, a girl he bought on a slave market, unfortunately run by the very thieves he had robbed earlier. It’s this slave girl who decoys and fools the thieves to their own destruction.
The film uses a narrator who does all the voices, and a very lush score by composer Eduard Kolmanovsky. The film is quite slow and the puppet animation isn’t as sophisticated as in contemporary films by Jiří Trnka. The puppets have no facial expression whatsoever, and cannot move anything in their face, except for the gang leader, who can roll his one eye. Only occasionally their emotions become apparent. The best example of this may be the terror of Ali Baba’s neighbor when he realizes he’s trapped inside the thieves’ cave.
About the film’s director, Grigori Lomidze, little is known. He also directed the propaganda film ‘To You , Moscow‘ (1947), which combines live action and cel animation. Nothing points to a long experience in stop motion, and unfortunately, it shows. Nevertheless, ‘Ali Baba and the Forty Thieves’ is a charming film, succeeding in evoking the typical atmosphere of the Arabian Nights.
Watch ‘Ali Baba and the Forty Thieves’ yourself and tell me what you think:
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50 Most Influential Disney Animators A great blog on Disney’s top animators, old and new
Animated Review A great blog on new and independent animation films, with lots of embedded films.
Animation Backgrounds A blog dedicated to background paintings from animation films
Animation Blog An impressive collection of reviews of modern independent animation films
Animation Scoop Animation historian Jerry Beck’s animation film news blog
Canadian Cinephile Jordan Richardson’s great blog on feature films old and new, including many animated ones.
Cartoon Brew Topical blog on animation film, led by animation historian Amid Amidi
Cartoon Modern Amid Amidi’s blog on modern design cartoon art from the forties, fifties and sixties.
Cartoon Research THE site on classic animation research, hosted by cartoon historian Jerry Beck
Cartoons Theory Frank Beef analyzes classic cartoons
Century Film Project Michael reviews films of 100 years old and older, roughly in chronological order
Classic Cartoons A similar blog featuring many stills and comic strips
Deja View Top Disney animator Andreas Deja’s own blog
Disney History Esteemed Disney historian Didier Ghez on the latest books on Disney history
Feeling Animated Paul Astell brings us thorough reviews of animated features
Likely Looney, Mostly Merry Young Steven Hartley analyses every Warner Bros. cartoon in chronological order
Living Lines Library A goldmine of animation sketches and pencil tests
Looney Tunes HD Captures Numerous stills from numerous Warner Bros. cartoons
Mayerson on Animation A great blog on classic and studio animation
Michael Sporn's Splog Blog by the late Michael Sporn on classic animation, comics and illustration
Movies Silently Fritzi celebrates silent film. Arguably the best blog on silent cinema.
Pencil Test Depot a gorgeous blog devoted to pencil tests old and new
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Supervision: Fred Avery Dedicated to Tex Avery’s Warner Bros. cartoons
The Other Side of Animation Great reviews of lesser known animated features
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Uncle John's Crazy Town A thorough blog on 1930s animation, especially Max Fleischer
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Huxley Rare Genus Whiskey
Diageo’s Whiskey Union team is about to launch a third new whiskey – Huxley Rare Genus Whiskey.
The company says it has been designed to take whisk(e)y drinkers into “uncharted territory”.
Huxley is said to draw on fine drams from across the globe, combining scotch, Canadian and American whiskies/eys to craft a blend greater than the sum of its parts.
Huxley Rare Genus Whiskey is named in honour of T H Huxley, the 19th Century anatomist and the label features a ‘Mobsprey’ – a mythical hybrid beast combining characteristics of Scottish, Canadian and American animals.
Like its two earlier Whiskey Union launches, it will initially be made available in on-trade markets in Germany and Austria.
Whiskey Union is described by Diageo as a “new experimental whiskey collective”.
It says its whiskey makers have “extraordinary levels of expertise and experience, and are able to work with the best and most diverse selection of whiskey stocks in the world. Most importantly they have thrown off the shackles of convention to discover what whiskey can be. They are focused on the exploration of flavour and pushing the boundaries of blending.”
Whiskey Union’s aim to recruit new consumers into the expansive whiskey category with distinctive and exciting brands that are cultural discovery magnets.
“These brands, and our new way of bringing them to market, will allow us to reach a new group of people who may not have engaged with whiskey before,” it says.
Keywords: diageo, scotch, whiskey, huxley
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Scotch blends: Whisky symbiosis
It’s whisky week
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The International Dublin Literary Award from the home of literature, proudly sponsored by Dublin City Council
HomeBooks2013 Against Art
A Cupboard Full of Coats
Against Art
Translated from the original Norwegian by James Anderson
2013 Longlist
In contemporary Norwegian fiction Tomas Espedal’s work stands out as uniquely personal; it can be difficult to separate the fiction from Espedal’s own experiences. In that vein, his novel Against Art is not just the story of a boy growing up to be a writer, but it is also the story of writing. Specifically, it is about the profession of writing-the routines, responsibility, and obstacles. Yet, Against Art is also about being a father, a son, and a grandson; about a family and a family’s tales, and about how preceding generations mark their successors. It is at once about choices and changes, about motion and rest, about moving to a new place, and about living.
(From Publisher)
Tomas Espedal is the author of several novels and prose collections.
Librarians’ Comments
In this novel Tomas Espedal mixes fragments of his personal family history as a son and a father with moral and aesthetic reflections of being a writer.
A poetic book about lived life – beautifully written. Takes your breath away!
Libraries Ireland - Find This Book
Tomas Espedal
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Aarhus Kommunes Biblioteker, Denmark, Denmark
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If You Needed More Proof We Need To Rethink a College Football Playoff, Jason Whitlock Said Something I Agree With…Yeah, That Jason Whitlock
Every year in mid-October, we get our first BCS (Bowl Championship Series) poll, which allows us collectively as college football fans to begin bitching about it. Every year, right around Thanksgiving time, the bitching hits full-roar because despite the conference championship games which yet to be played, there is always some team who somebody believes has been slighted. You’ve heard this bitching too, unless you ignore all media and live in a sports-news-free cave somewhere in the Montana wilderness for four months beginning right around Columbus Day. You’ve heard this bitching because everybody in the sports world has an opinion, isn’t afraid to share it, and it and it has the ability to start bigger feuds than arguing over who gets to latch on to that last drumstick. It is the question that always echoes between the time of gravy boats and Rose Bowl floats – how should we determine the national champion in college football?
Even the bimbo in blue knows that Whitlock and I agreeing on anything is a real "shocker."
Honestly, I think the time for this discussion is now, the off-season when we’ve already decided a champion with a flawed yet “works well enough” system, when we’ve just seen the pitfalls of the NFL’s playoff mechanism, and when after the Super Bowl there isn’t much interesting sports-wise to discuss until September…that is if we ever get past this lockout.
First, let’s look at the way a champion is now determined.
At the Columbus Day mark, we are on the verge of the BCS Poll, whose purpose is to tell us “quantifiably” through some convoluted calculus whose should be in a #1 vs. #2 Championship game. This was done largely to eliminate the posturing and moaning about who goes to whichever of the glut of bowl games. Before the BCS, the bowl committees made their selections and invitations were sent. After the acceptances and rare declinations, every sports columnist and commentator in the country did his part by beginning step two in this laborious process. This would be the unending parade of “what ifs” and “dependent ons”, whereby the de facto judges (a bunch of coaches and scribes) use some form of convolution to determine who will be the champion, but only if team A beats team B in one bowl and team C has to win by 30 points in their game in order to give team F a crack at the title. This is exactly what the BCS was supposed to eliminate.
The problem is the BCS failed at its primary goal; eliminating the quibbling.
The alternative is some sort of quasi-playoff format, which depending on the proposal involves anywhere from four to sixteen teams, chosen in the same manner as the BCS teams. Proponents of this format point to the objective nature of the NFL playoffs, which is supposed to allow the best teams into the post-season by having them earn their way in based on their performance during the regular season. In any event, the point of a playoff system is again to obviate any discussion; matters are all settled on the field.
The problem is that we just saw the NFL system fail at its primary goal; eliminating the quibbling.
I was satisfied with the BCS up until this year’s Rose Bowl. I heard all the rumbling about TCU deserving a shot at the Championship, but paid it no heed, safe in the assumption that Big Ten Goliath Wisconsin would easily crush the David-ish Horned Frogs underfoot. I live in the heart of Big Ten territory, I’d seen that Wisconsin team up close, and despite what I and the other “those in the know” types thought, TCU slew the giant. It was at that moment I realized the same people out there who say that a play-off isn’t necessary are the same people who cry about gymnastics not being a sports because it is judged. Do you know how I know that. Because before the Rose Bowl, I was that guy; the one who buys the “strength of schedule” argument, that somehow a team like TCU is less deserving because the teams on their schedule aren’t worth of so-called respect.
It didn’t take long for me to realize the Seattle Seahawks were being treated with that same lack of respect. I understand the visceral opposition to a team with a losing record being in the playoffs; it just doesn’t “feel” right. The difference between the Seahawks and TCU is the Seahawks were playing under an objective system. It really isn’t their fault every team in their division sucks, they earned their way into January football based on hard-coded rules which have been in existence for years. By the way, did you notice the part where the team which “had no business being in the playoffs” knocked off the defending Super Bowl champions?
The problem here is rather apparent; both approaches are flawed. If we are going to eliminate the bickering about a college football champion, a system must be devised that uses a truly objective system, yet incorporates the subjective “quibbling.” They are both necessary; the objective to reward the play on the field, and the subjective to continue to empower all the blowhards and Cash-zillas who are entwined in the fabric of college football.
The BCS tried this formula and failed. This failure came largely of the fact the BCS failed to incorporate the truly objective. Granted, the BCS uses a lot of heavy-duty algorithms, but many of them are lashed securely to human interpretations, namely the polls the BCS takes into account to formulate its overall rankings. Therefore, it is weighted to heavy in the subjective. The NFL model doesn’t work for college football because it involves no room for the subjective, and therefore allows no place for anything that doesn’t happen outside the lines.
Given that, any successful algorithm will need to require an acceptable level of both subjective and objective. As shopworn of an argument as it may be, if you are a supporter of the BCS/Bowl system, the fact the Football Bowl Subdivision (the league formerly known as Division 1-A) is the only major college sport that does not have a playoff to determine its champion is the “turd in the punchbowl” you just are not going to be able to ignore. Playoffs occur in every other rank of football, not to mention baseball, basketball, hockey, and every other sport that matters. To most people, the term “champion” isn’t subjective. To be a champion means you are the best; you’ve vanquished all comers. The “champion” gladiator slew all his opponents to earn the title; Nero and his fellow grape-eating orgiasts didn’t need to be bothered with thumbs up or thumbs down. In other words, the chattering class isn’t going to leave you alone until they get some sort of playoff.
However, college football cannot dispose of its “objective” orgiasts as easily as Nero did; they aren’t all just going to burn one day, even if they are the Plebians in the discussion. The problem is the bowl people are the “Patricians,” and as such they have the money and power to make any proposal just another chariot race loser to Ben-Hur. In other words, they aren’t giving up their interests without getting renumerated for the value of their interests.
Welcome to the “Play-Off for Pay-Off” theory. In short, to get a “real” play-off three things need to happen:
Dismantle the current conferences and reconfigure all participating teams into twelve regionally-based conferences
Use the entire current bowl system as part of an integrated two-tier post-season
Combine the Objective with the Subjective
There are so many misconceptions about how a playoff system would work as college football is structured now; Jason Whitlock outlines them nicely:
Let’s try to clear up the major misconceptions about how a college football playoff in Division 1-A (Football Bowl Subdivision) would work.
STOP THINKING THEY’LL TAKE THE TOP 8 TEAMS IN THE BCS STANDINGS FOR THE PLAYOFF FIELD:
Hilariously enough, many 1A fans actually think the teams ranked 1 through 8 will all make the playoffs. When discussions about an 8-team playoff field were being held it was made clear that the 8 teams would really be the conference champions of the 6 Power Conferences and 2 At-Large teams. So even if we no longer call the system “The BCS” the 6 BCS conferences will still be calling the shots because of the money and influence they have. That’s not conspiracy talk, it’s just pretty much the way it goes, even in NCAA Divisions 1AA, 2 and 3 not every conference champ gets an automatic bid to the playoffs. The term “AQ”, for Automatic Qualifier, which 1A commentators are using a lot recently, was being used in the lower divisions long ago to distinguish those conferences where the champion is automatically in the playoff field from the conferences where the champ has to wait to see if the Selection Committee will give them an At-Large bid.
STOP THINKING A PLAYOFF WILL PUT AN END TO POST-SEASON CONTROVERSIES:
As the previous paragraph makes clear, a playoff in 1A will mean that even the champions of the Big East Conference and the ACC, who in recent years have finished comparatively low in the Top 25, would be in the playoffs while teams ahead of them in the rankings would be left out. This happens often in the lower divisions. To use one example, this year in the NAIA’s 16-team playoff field the William Penn Statesmen, ranked #11 in the nation, were left out, while a questionable team or 2 that were ranked lower, made the playoffs. If that happened even once in 1A try to imagine the arguments that would provoke in the 24 hour a day sports news cycle we have today.
STOP THINKING A PLAYOFF WOULD BE MORE FAIR TO THE NON-BCS CONFERENCES:
1-A playoff advocates always claim a playoff would be more fair for teams from Non-BCS conferences with teams like TCU and Boise State the poster children for that argument. Ironically if the 8-team playoff format that had been discussed was in effect last year, we would not have had both TCU and Boise State in that field anyway. With only 2 At-Large Bids available, there is no way the Power Conferences would have let both of them go to teams from Non-AQ conferences. They’d have put the highest-ranked non-champion from a Power 6 conference in 1 At-Large slot and at best just 1 team from a Non-AQ conference in 1. (Compared to the supposedly unfair BCS system in which both teams got to participate in a big money bowl last year, albeit against each other) The reason why is always the same: money. Money is the same reason why the 6 power conferences would never allow the Top 8 teams in the rankings to constitute the playoff field. Doing that might leave some of them out in the cold (And I’m talking to YOU, Big East and the ACC) while some conferences might get 2 or more teams in. (On a related note this is also why 1A football made teams with 6-6 records bowl- eligible. It wasn’t that there was a shortage of teams with winning records to fill all the bowl slots but there was a shortage of teams with winning records FROM THE 6 POWER CONFERENCES to fill those bowl slots. The powers that be would rather have a 6-6 team from a Power Conference than a 7-5 or better team from one of the other conferences.)
There is an easy answer to this question, one that the NCAA and the college football world has yet fully to realize. Despite the advent of the so-called bowl super alliance, they are still missing the boat. You can cry all you want about the romanticism of the bowls, or hide behind that absolute crap about the “integrity of the student-athlete,” but the fact remains that if you want a champion, you must have a bracketed playoff format. But they only way it is ever going to happen is to make sure there is a big enough financial carrot for all the players involved to get into the game. That means either keeping the bowl system, or incorporating it into the solution.
The only other thing on which Whitlock and I agree - couch naps are awesome.
Why? Let’s be honest here, its all about money. Anybody who would tell you this whole argument about a playoff isn’t about money also are likely to tell you Elvis is alive, professional wrestling isn’t fake, and the earth is flat. Its not that they can’t address reality, but they continue to wrap college football in the romantic cloak of forty or so years ago. The almighty greenback drives this game, not romance, not tradition, not even the Gipper. Why do you think the Gipp’s alma mater has an exclusive deal with NBC to nationally broadcast all its home games live from the shadow of Touchdown Jesus? It ain’t because they’re paying homage to Knute Rockne and the Four Horsemen seven Saturday afternoons each autumn.
Traditions, romance and the storied histories don’t mean squat between the hash marks. Cash rules this game so much both on and off the field that any successful solution will need to ensure all players involved at least the same financial reward for their participation. This means appeasing the interests of the schools, the bowls, the media, and the fans. By examining in detail the three aforementioned bullet points, one can see how the “Play-Off for Pay-Off” theory can accomplish that.
1) Dismantle the current conferences and reconfigure all participating teams into twelve regionally-based conferences
This may be the toughest sell of the three points, but it is also the most practical in the long-run. The key to this is to get the schools now members of the the “big” BCS-automatic qualifier conferences to believe such a re-organization offers a financial benefit. The advantages of forming twelve regionally based conferences are both functional and financial. Functionally, putting all Division I football teams into these new conferences allows for the teams in the new playoff system to be chosen based on performance-based (read that quibble-free) criteria.
It would also serve to create some new regional rivalries. Don’t worry, we can still keep all the old ones that may get affected by this realignment, in a 12-game regular season, there would be eight conference games and four non-conference, so preserving existing rivalries is just a matter of scheduling. But with regionally-based conferences, schools in particular geographic areas would have increased opportunities to develop rivalries with teams they normally wouldn’t face; and some smaller teams are going to get increased exposure by being in conferences with established programs. This will allow then to recruit more effectively, thus allowing them to be more competitive.
Financially, the time is now. The current conference system is changing anyway; changing in order to capitalize on regional cable/satellite television-based revenue streams. If you doubt that, just take a look at what is happening with the Big Ten (which at last count numbered twelve) and Big 12 (which at last count numbered ten, and contains Texas, which just signed a deal netting it hundreds of millions of dollars for cable/satellite broadcast rights).
The fact is the broadcast world is also changing. Instead of the few super-conferences holding all the broadcast rights with the big networks, a comprehensive collection of networks for each conference coupled with applications to allow syndication to mobile devices would form a bigger revenue pie than is currently in play, especially if it were based on a revenue-sharing model which spread the revenue equitably across teams and conferences. The selling point for the smaller programs is obvious, they would be getting a slice of a pie they never got previously; and while the bigger programs are giving away a piece of the pie, the pie is much larger than previously.
One factor that will make that larger pie a reality is the increase in regional rivalries will increase the value of the broadcast packages. Nobody thought the Big Ten Network would make any money; it did, and its the model for the deal Texas just signed with ESPN. By capitalizing on this trend, Division I college football could easily outstrip the NFL as the largest revenue-generating football league. In addition, there is a major cost-saving involved with regionally-based conferences. A reduction in the geographic size of conferences would reduce travel expenditures.
The proposed new conferences would be as follows (in alphabetical order):
1) Atlantic Conference
2) Delta Conference
UL- Lafayettte
UL- Monroe
3) Frontier Conference
4) Michiana Conference
5) Mid-America Conference
Miami (Ohio)
6) Mid-South Conference
Alabama-Birmingham
Middle Tennesee State
South Alabama* (2013)
7) Midwest Conference
8 ) Mountain Conference
9) Northeast Conference
10) Pacific Conference
11) Southeast Conference
12) Texas Conference
Texas-El Paso
As you can see, each conference is a mix of established programs and smaller ones, but this is actually a beneficial arrangement. It will give the established programs the “easy” route to a playoff they will believe they deserve, and over time it will give the smaller programs to show they belong in the conversation and a reason to increase their level of competitiveness to prove it. Don’t hand me an argument that says these conferences are unbalanced; conferences as they exist now define unbalanced. If you doubt that, tell me the last time Duke, Baylor, Purdue, Vanderbilt, or Oregon State won a bowl game that matters?
2) Use the entire current bowl system as part of an integrated two-tier post-season
In order for this plan to work, there has to be a way to appease both the playoff and bowl system camps, as well as the flood of corporate money that has snaked its tentacles into college football. Contrary to popular belief, a bracketed play-off does not have to mean the death of bowl games. In fact, the traditional “big” bowl games can be play-off games. Not to mention, we have created a slew of bowl game in the last few years that involves team that never would have been in a “championship” discussion in any event, so there’s no reason why those bowl games can’t continue.
A sixteen team format offers two major benefits. Foremost, there is the idea of keeping bowl games as part of the equation. This system would allow for keeping the old-school bowl games , using them as venues for play-off games. It would then use the other bowl games as a consolation tournament, something like the basketball NIT. This way, the play-off people still get a play-off, the bowl people keep their system, the local Chambers of Commerce in all those bowl towns still get their yearly influx of bowl spectators, and the teams outside of the sixteen-team championship tournament
For the eligibility into the bracketed play-off, a team would have to do one of two things: 1) be one of twelve conference winners or 2) be one of four wild-card teams. Sixteen teams will be eligible for this post-season tournament; those being the twelve conference winners along with four wildcards. Determining these sixteen teams would be done with an NFL-style system, using criteria such as:
Head-to-head (best won-lost-tied percentage in games among the clubs).
Best won-lost-tied percentage in games played within the division.
Best won-lost-tied percentage in common games.
Best won-lost-tied percentage in games played within the conference.
Best combined ranking among conference teams in points scored and points allowed.
Best combined ranking among all teams in points scored and points allowed.
Best net points in common games.
Best net points in all games.
Best net touchdowns in all games.
Teams will be seeded according to a system based on the same NFL-style system. Seeds would be determined as follows:
The division champion with the best record.
The division champion with the second-best record.
The division champion with the third-best record.
The division champion with the fourth-best record.
The division champion with the fifth-best record.
The division champion with the sixth-best record.
The division champion with the seventh-best record.
The division champion with the eighth-best record.
The division champion with the ninth-best record.
The division champion with the tenth-best record.
The division champion with the eleventh-best record.
The division champion with the twelfth-best record.
The Wild Card club with the best record is the thirteenth seed.
The Wild Card club with the second-best record is the fourteenth seed.
The Wild Card club with the third-best record is the fifteenth seed.
The Wild Card club with the fourth-best record is the sixteenth seed.
The physical lay-out of such a tournament would be as follows. The first-round games would be played on the home field of the higher-seeded team, and BEFORE the other bowl games extend their invitations, thus making the eight teams that lose in the first-round available to be selected into the non-playoff bowl games. The following rounds of the play-off tournament would be played as bowl games, but in a bracketed format. For purposes of demonstration, if the new conferencing system had been in effect this past season, a possible sixteen-team field would have looked like the image below. Also, whichever bowl games would be used for the playoffs isn’t really material, it just made more sense to use as a demonstration the seven with either the most history or the largest payouts. In fact the only trick to making this all work is the the “play-off” bowl games must have a bigger pay-out than the non-playoff games.
In other words, don’t be that guy who misses the point and writes me some stupid shit about the importance and the history of the Holiday Bowl or about how Stanford would never have beaten Ohio State.
3) Combine the subjective with the objective
Every other solution to this problem I’ve heard seems to be an “either-or” proposition. Realistically, you are never going to get broad support for a plan that cuts the majority of the teams out of the picture. This is why the NCAA basketball tournament keeps expanding; the more teams who at least get to wet their beaks means the more support you will get.
The current bowl system is comprised of 38 bowl games, and this plans so far has only accounted for 7 of them. As previously mentioned, there are a whole host of people for whom the current bowl system is a money-maker, and cutting them out won’t get you very far in terms of implementing a new plan.
First of all there is the cable sports networks. They are desperate for programming in December, which is exactly why they love all those bowl games in the first place. Then there are all the local merchants who make a nice chunk of change on the influx of people into their hotels, shops, restaurants, attractions, etc. The there are the schools themselves; don’t hand this hogwash argument that many of the small schools lose money on bowl game trips. Even if that is true, they still get national exposure, and if it really was such a hardship, they simply wouldn’t go.
The point is that no other solution addresses the needs of all the stakeholders. So far, this plan does that. The big bowls still get to be on the big stage with the big teams. The big teams get an opportunity for either a additional home game and/or a chance to play in a non-title bowl game. The anti-BCS people get their playoff. The small bowls still get to exist, and so the small schools can still have a post-season aspirations. The new conference structure eliminates all the regional “bias” concerns, and the traditional powers should have been given enough incentive to bail on the current conference system; they’re already doing it.
The only wrinkle left is which teams do the non-title bowl games get?
Most importantly, under this plan they will still get the same caliber of teams they have up to this point. For example, under the current BCS system, the top ten team are siphoned off into the BCS games, the remainder being the pool from which the other bowl selection committees can choose.
Under the Dubsism approach, the non-title games would get two extra “big teams” in the pool of availability, since the losing teams from the first-round of the playoff games would be eligible to play in a non-title bowl games. Hypothetically, this means if we were to use the aforementioned sixteen-team bracket as an example, then teams like Oklahoma State, Oregon, Nevada, LSU, South Carolina, UConn, and Virginia Tech as first-round losers would then end up being selected into non-title bowl games.
The only other concern after having established the available pool is the issue of traditional conference allegiances with certain bowl games, but frankly this would give bowl committees new opportunities to re-think concepts like selecting teams regional rivalries or teams that will travel the most fans as they do now.
The selection order would still take place in descending order based on the size of the bowl’s payout, so that “big,” albeit non-title bowls still get “big” teams.
Continuing the hypothetical from the proposed bracket, last season’s bowl schedule might have looked something like this:
Capital One Bowl:
Traditional/Contractual Matchup: SEC #2 vs. Big Ten #2
The New Matchup: Oregon vs. Ohio State
Payout: $4,250,000
Insight Bowl:
Traditional/Contractual Matchup: Big 12 #4 vs. Big Ten #5
The New Matchup: Texas A&M vs. LSU
Chick-Fil-A Bowl:
Traditional/Contractual Matchup: ACC #2 vs. SEC #5
The New Matchup: Virginia Tech vs. South Carolina
Outback Bowl:
Traditional/Contractual Matchup: Big Ten #3 vs. SEC #4
The New Matchup: Oklahoma State vs. Mississippi State
Payout $3,100,000
Gator Bowl:
The New Matchup: Nevada vs. Connecticut
Alamo Bowl:
Traditional/Contractual Matchup: Pac-10 #2 vs. Big 12 #3
The New Matchup: Washington vs. Nebraska
Holiday Bowl:
The New Matchup: Florida State vs. Penn State
Champs Sports Bowl:
Traditional/Contractual Matchup: Big East #2 vs. ACC #3
The New Matchup: Michigan vs. North Carolina State
New Era Pinstripe Bowl:
Traditional/Contractual Matchup: Big East #3 vs. Big 12 #7
The Actual Matchup: Syracuse vs. Florida
Liberty Bowl:
Traditional/Contractual Matchup: C-USA #1 vs. SEC #8
The New Matchup: Central Florida vs. Tennessee
Music City Bowl:
The New Matchup: North Carolina vs. Notre Dame
TicketCity Bowl (Dallas Football Classic):
Traditional/Contractual Matchup: Big Ten #7 vs. Big-12 #8
The New Matchup: Miami, FL vs. Texas Tech
Payout: #1,200,000
Independence Bowl:
Traditional/Contractual Matchup: MWC #3 vs. ACC #7
The New Matchup: Northwestern vs. Georgia
Military Bowl:
Traditional/Contractual Matchup: MAC #3 vs. ACC #8
The New Matchup: Navy vs. Georgia Tech
MAACO Las Vegas Bowl:
Traditional/Contractual Matchup: MWC #1 vs. Pac-10 #5
The New Matchup: Utah vs. Maryland
Meineke Car Care Bowl:
Traditional/Contractual Matchup: ACC #5 vs. Big East #4
The New Matchup: Clemson vs. East Carolina
Beef O’ Brady’s St. Petersburg Bowl:
Traditional/Contractual Matchup: Big East #6 vs. C-USA #4
The New Matchup: South Florida vs. Southern Mississippi
BBVA Compass Bowl:
Traditional/Contractual Matchup: Big East #5 vs. SEC #9
The New Matchup: Louisville vs. Kentucky
Payout: $900,000
Bell Helicopter Armed Forces Bowl:
Traditional/Contractual Matchup: C-USA #3/Army vs. MWC #4
The New Matchup: Southern Methodist vs. Army
Kraft Fight Hunger Bowl:
Traditional/Contractual Matchup: WAC #1 vs. Pac-10 #6
The New Matchup: Air Force vs. Boston College
Little Caesar’s Bowl:
Traditional/Contractual Matchup: MAC #1 vs. Big Ten #9
The New Matchup: Toledo vs. Pittsburgh
GoDaddy.Com Bowl:
Traditional/Contractual Matchup: MAC #2 vs. Sun Belt #2
The New Matchup: Miami, OH vs. Middle Tennessee State
Hawaii Bowl:
Matchup: C-USA #2 vs. WAC #3 or Hawaii
The New Matchup: Tulsa vs. Hawaii
Humanitarian Bowl:
Traditional/Contractual Matchup: WAC #2 vs. MWC #4
The New Matchup: Fresno State vs. Northern Illinois
New Mexico Bowl:
Traditional/Contractual Matchup: WAC #3/#4 vs. MWC #5
The New Matchup: Texas-El Paso vs. Baylor
Poinsettia Bowl:
Traditional/Contractual Matchup: Navy vs. MWC #2/WAC #5 OR MWC #2 vs. WAC #5
The New Matchup: Florida International vs. San Diego State
Texas Bowl:
The Actual Matchup: BYU vs. Illinois
New Orleans Bowl:
Traditional/Contractual Matchup: Sun Belt #1 vs. C-USA #5
The New Matchup: Troy vs. Ohio
As you can see, this system would allow bowl committees to make selections which they normally wouldn’t have been able, but it also allows to them to stick closely to their traditional selections should they wish to do so. The important part is that having accounted for the small bowl games, this plan is the only one to our knowledge that addresses the needs of all the parties currently in college football.
The time for such an adjustment is now. The traditional conferences are already undergoing a tectonic shift. Along with that, technology is prime to let such a change create here-to-fore untapped revenue streams. After all, families fight enough at Thanksgiving; college football doesn’t need to add to the reason why.
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13 comments on “If You Needed More Proof We Need To Rethink a College Football Playoff, Jason Whitlock Said Something I Agree With…Yeah, That Jason Whitlock”
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sportsattitudes
Excellent points. I do agree if you are going to blow the current system up now is the perfect time to do so since none of us can any longer remember which conference teams are currently participating in. The fault line has cracks in it so an earthquake might be in order. Tradition used to be a hallmark of the sport but that left town when the BCS was first formed.
Exactly the time is now…after all, the conference realigning we’ve already seen is by no means over. When the Big 12 finally completes its collapse, we are going to end up with 4 leviathan conferences that will control the finances of the game. Ultimately, a system like that will have no choice but to collapse under it’s own weight.
ChrisHumpherys
Why would such a sensible argument even be listened to?
Look, I’m all for a playoff system but you lost me at your realigned “Southeast Conference.” I’m no purist (or maybe I am), but that suggestion is sacrilege.
Well, we can just wait for five years when your “traditional” SEC includes West Virginia, Notre Dame, Texas ,and Texas A&M.
I for one can’t wait for TCU to win the Big East…they’re still gonna be in the Big East, right? And…that’s the same conference courting Villanova, right? There’s a dream big-time football matchup for Northeast football fans next fall…you guys think I’m kidding about not knowing who is in which conference…between the rumors, the Longhorn Network…the conferences who have more teams than their number says they have…where ARE my pre-season magazines…I need to read over them again. It’s a geographic nightmare already. Go back to my original comment…the time for the “blow-up” is as good as any.
Jsportsfan
Its very detailed and yes some excellent points. However LSU will never leave the SEC no matter the money. I do like the bracket system though. That could work. And this is better than the BCS that’s for sure.
LSU, like any other school with a big program, won’t be able to resist for long the call of rights to a regional TV network, an extra home game and bigger bowl payouts. Besides, its a “take it or leave it” deal. As the sanctioning body, the NCAA simply yanks the charters of the existing conferences by making participation in the new alignment. mandatory for eligibility in any post-season play.
J.B. Knox
I like the conference realignments and yes I agree that if this get’s started then the big schools will have no choice but to follow suit. Think Roman Empire when you think that the 4 leviathan conferences won’t collapse. They may be powerful conferences, but will bicker greatly among themselves an back themselves into a corner with the mid-major sized schools.
My concern with this format isn’t regarding the idea or points. It is what to do about the Academic nuts who are dead against sacrificing the month off during the semester break and the effects it will have on studying for finals prior to these breaks?
I do like the idea though. I know when I played college Baseball, they weren’t concerned about our spring semester finals or our summer break. I played in the 93 D-3 Super Regionals and that thing was still going 3 weeks into June
You mean like how the smaller schools get to have playoffs all through December?
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This entry was posted on June 7, 2011 by J-Dub in College Football and tagged BCS, College Football, College Football Playoff, Jason Whitlock.
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7.3 Every Member shall be entitled to attend and vote at any General Meeting. The procedure for the casting of votes shall be determined by the Chairman of the Meeting.
7.4 The quorum at any General Meeting shall be 20 Members.
7.5 If within thirty minutes after the time appointed for a General Meeting a quorum is not present, the Meeting, if convened on the requisition of members, shall be dissolved, and in every other case it will stand adjourned to such other day and at such time and place, or be dissolved, as the Committee shall determine.
7.6 All resolutions shall be decided by a majority of votes recorded except where:
7.6.1 These Rules provide for a special resolution which shall require a majority of at least two-thirds of the votes recorded, or
7.6.2 A resolution is put to an Annual General Meeting as contemplated by rule 8.1.8.2 in which case the provisions of the Act as to voting shall apply.
7.7 A declaration by the Chairman of a General meeting to the effect that a particular resolution has been passed or not or passed by a particular majority or not shall (subject to the Act) be final and binding on all Members.
7.8 A General Meeting shall not be invalidated by reason only of any Member accidentally failing to receive a notice thereof or any accompanying document relating thereto.
7.9 The procedure for conduct of General Meetings shall be prescribed by the Committee and details thereof shall be kept by the Secretary and be available for inspection by Members at all reasonable times.
8 Annual General Meetings
8.1 Not later than 30 September in every year a General Meeting shall be held (to be known as the Annual General Meeting) for the transaction of the following business:
8.1.1 To consider and approve (with or without amendment) the minutes of the previous Annual General Meeting.
8.1.2 To receive and approve a report from the Committee on the affairs of the Club since the previous Annual General Meeting.
8.1.3 To receive and approve a Financial Statement for the preceding financial year and where necessary in law or where the members require the Auditors’ report thereon.
8.1.4 To elect the Officers for the ensuing year.
8.1.5 To elect Vice Presidents.
8.1.6 To confirm any elections of Honorary Members made by the Committee during the preceding year.
8.1.7 To elect Members of the Committee for the ensuing year.
8.1.8 Where necessary in law or where the members require:
8.1.8.1 To appoint the Auditors for the ensuing year, or
8.1.8.2 To consider a resolution disapplying the provisions of the Act relating to the obligation to appoint Auditors.
8.1.9 To consider as a special resolution any addition or alteration to these rules duly proposed in accordance with Rule 8.5.
8.1.10 To consider any other motion or business duly proposed in accordance with Rule 8.5.
8.1.11 To consider any other business of which due notice shall have been given.
8.1.12 To hear any other relevant matter for the consideration of the Committee during the ensuing year, but on which no voting shall be allowed.
8.2 Notice of every Annual General Meeting stating the date, time and venue of such Meeting shall be given to all Members in accordance with Rule 33 so as to be received not less than two clear weeks prior to the date of the Meeting with the agenda of the business to be considered thereat and with a copy of the Club’s Financial Statement for the preceding financial year.
8.3 The election of the Officers shall be subject to the following provisions:
8.3.1 Any Member shall have the right to make nominations, with the written consent of a candidate, for election to any one or more of the offices named in or created under the provisions of Rule 13.1. Such nominations must be sent in writing so as to reach the Secretary by 30 June. The Committee shall also have the right to make nominations for the election of Officers.
8.3.2 The election of each Officer shall be decided by a majority of votes recorded.
8.3.3 In the event of an equal number of votes being cast for two or more candidates for any office a further election for that office shall immediately be held between those candidates for whom the votes cast are equal in number. If there shall still be equality of votes the members of the retiring Committee present at the time shall decide who shall from those candidates receiving an equal number of votes in the second election be the holder of the office concerned for the ensuing year.
8.4 The election of Committee members shall be subject to the following provisions:
8.4.1 Any member shall have the right to make not more than one nomination, with the written consent of the candidate, for election as one of the Committee Members provided for in Rule 14.1.2. Such nominations must be sent in writing so as to reach the Secretary by 30 June. The Committee shall also have the right to make nominations for the election of Committee Members without restriction on the number of nominations.
8.4.2 The election of Committee Members shall be decided by a majority of votes recorded.
8.4.3 In the event of an equal number of votes being cast for two or more candidates for the last seat or seats on the Committee a further election shall immediately be held for the last seat or seats between those candidates for whom the votes cast for such seat or seats are equal in number. If there shall still be equality of votes the members of the retiring Committee present at the time shall decide who shall from those candidates receiving an equal number of votes in the second election be the holders of the last seat or seats on the Committee for the ensuing year.
8.5 Proposals for additions or alterations to the Rules or for any other motion to be submitted to an Annual General Meeting shall be subject to the following provisions:
8.5.1 Any proposal shall be submitted in writing to the Secretary by 30 June duly proposed by one Member and seconded by another.
8.5.2 Copies of all such proposals and copies of all proposals put forward by the Committee shall be sent to all Members with the notice of the Annual General Meeting.
8.5.3 Amendments to any proposal notified to Members under Rule 8.5.2 shall be sent in writing so as to reach the Secretary duly proposed and seconded not less than twenty-four hours before the time for which the Annual General Meeting is convened.
8.5.4 Amendments duly received in accordance with Rule 8.5.3 shall be added to the agenda by the Chairman of the Annual General Meeting.
9 Special General Meetings
9.1 The Committee may convene at any time a Special General Meeting by giving to all Members two clear weeks written notice thereof stating the date, time and venue thereof and the resolution or resolutions to be moved or other business to be transacted thereat.
9.1.1 Amendments to any resolution proposed by the Committee shall be submitted in writing to the Secretary duly proposed and seconded by Members in the same manner as is prescribed by Rule 8.5.3 for an Annual General Meeting.
9.1.2 Amendments duly received in accordance with Rule 9.1.1 shall be added to the agenda by the Chairman of the Special General Meeting.
9.2 The Committee shall also convene a Special General Meeting on receipt by the Secretary of a written requisition so to do, duly signed by not less than 20 Members. Each requisition must clearly state the specific resolution to be moved.
9.2.1 Two clear weeks notice of such a Meeting stating the date, time and venue thereof and the specific resolution to be moved thereat shall be given to all Members by the Secretary in accordance with Rule 33 within fourteen days of the receipt of the requisition.
9.2.2 Amendments to such a resolution shall be submitted in writing to the Secretary duly proposed and seconded by Members in the same manner as is prescribed by Rule 8.5.3.
10 Rules
10.1 No new Rule shall be made, nor shall any Rule be amended or rescinded, except by a special resolution passed at an Annual General Meeting in accordance with Rule 8.5 or at a Special General meeting convened by the Committee in accordance with Rule 9.1.
10.2 The Secretary shall register in accordance with the Act any new Rule or amendment to these Rules and no new Rule or amendment to the Rules shall be valid until so registered.
10.3 A copy of the Rules shall be delivered by the Secretary to any person on demand on payment of such sum (not exceeding ten pence) as may from time to time be determined by the Committee and shall be made available on the Club’s website.
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Open Letter to Alan Yates of Microsoft
Submitted by Inge Wallin
In his reply to the Massachusetts decision to use only documents in OpenDocument format, the Microsoft manager Alan Yates writes:
(paraphrased) Star Office, Open Office, KOffice and IBM Workplace are all derivatives of the same codebase. Thus there is only one program that supports Open Document, and that is illegal.
This is, of course, not true, and here is an open letter written by KOffice Marketing Coordinator Inge Wallin on behalf of the KOffice team which clarifies these facts.
Open Letter to
Dear Mr Yates,
It is with great interest that I have followed the debate that started
with the Massachusetts decision to
only exchange data with other parties in an open format, namely Open Document.
I must say that personally I find the reasoning behind the decision to
be sound, but I fully support your right to disagree with this
sentiment.
In your rather long, and doubtlessly well researched, reply
to the declaration, you make many points which I will not address
here, since others,
better suited than me, have already
so. There is, however, one point where I feel that you have been
gravely misinformed by your research staff.
That point is the following. On page 7, and continuing on page 8 you
write:
The draft policy identifies four products that support the
OpenDocument format: Sun's StarOffice, OpenOffice.org, KOffice, and
IBM Workplace. In reality, these products are slight variations of
the same StarOffice code base, which Sun acquired from a German
company in 1999. The different names are little more than unique
brands applied by the vendors to the various flavors of the code
base that they have developed. In essence, a commitment to the
OpenDocument format is a commitment to a single product or
technology. This approach to product selection by policy violates
well-accepted public procurement norms.
I understand your worries, but fortunately I am able to put your mind
to rest: KOffice is in fact
not related to StarOffice or OpenOffice. It is a completely
separate product, and a very fine one at that. One of our team
members, David Faure, was an active party in the creation of the OASIS
OpenDocument standard, and KOffice was the first office suite that
publicly announced support for it.
Just to add a bit to your knowledge of KOffice, I would like to
mention a few points:
KOffice is the most comprehensive of all office suites in
existence, comprising no less than 11 different components in one
well-integrated package.
These components include core office applications like KWord,
KSpread and KPresenter, but also creativity applications like Krita
(an advanced pixel based drawing tool), Kivio (flowcharts), Karbon
(vector based drawing) and Kexi, an integrated environment for
database applications not unlike to your own Access.
KOffice is very well integrated into KDE, the multiple award
winning desktop environment on Linux, Solaris and other UNIX
KOffice is fully network-transparent and all components can send
documents as mail, print to PDF files and store and load documents
from countless different network servers.
Last, but not least: Within a year, KOffice will likely run on
Windows as well.
In case you think that even two competing products will not be enough
to satisfy the "well-accepted public procurement norms", I can assure
you that they will soon not be alone. The fine word processor
AbiWord and the spreadsheet program Gnumeric, will
also soon support Open Document due to an independent effort by a Nokia research lab.
I am sure that you are now much calmer, and if you want to know more,
you can always go to the KOffice
website. You can also write to the KOffice mailing list and ask your
questions there.
Inge Wallin
On behalf of the KOffice Team
Thank you, Inge. I'm sure this will help.
I am sure that Mr. Yates will be greatly reassured and uplifted by your letter. Hopefully, this will assuage the horrible anxiety Microsoft has suffered and continues to suffer, in the wake of this OpenDocument announcement, for it's good friend... the honorable State of Massachusetts.
By manyoso at Sat, 2005/09/24 - 5:00am
Re: Thank you, Inge. I'm sure this will help.
Watch out! The Massholes will soon jump on you for mistaking their Commonwealth as a State.
By james at Sun, 2005/09/25 - 5:00am
Yes Massachusetts is a Commonwealth. One of only four in the US. The others are Pennsylvania, Virginia, and Kentucky. Whether or not they will jump on this mistake is anther question...;)
By brian at Tue, 2005/09/27 - 5:00am
It's Final - MA Goes With Open Document
As you may have heard, Massachusetts yesterday made its final decision to standardize on the OpenDocument format for all productivity applications. Check out http://www.groklaw.net/article.php?story=20050923142231938 for some comments.
By Haakon Nilsen at Sat, 2005/09/24 - 5:00am
Reply to Mr Yates
The approach you rebut here seems rather tired - haven't we all been here before? (e.g., http://www.theregister.co.uk/2002/05/19/ms_in_peruvian_opensource_nightm...).
Does anyone who isn't a fanboy react any differently to the way journalists did here? http://www.theregister.co.uk/2004/08/16/msoft_newham_10yr_deal/
Indeed, the penny is beginning to drop in ordinary society http://technology.guardian.co.uk/online/insideit/story/0,13270,1550922,0...
By Gerry at Sat, 2005/09/24 - 5:00am
Re: Reply to Mr Yates
"The approach you rebut here seems rather tired - haven't we all been here before?"
No, because if you'd actually read it he's talking about KOffice and the fact that it supports the Open Document format. It is not a derivative of Star Office.
And when you can pay Cap Gemini and all sorts of other 'consultancies' a serious amount of money to go to these very impressionable local authorities and tell them the error of their ways, then they're going to buckle somewhat. Certainly in the UK, government agencies are very weak when it comes to listening to consultancies and large software companies. I've struggled to wonder how they came to use Star Office at all (and they weren't using it everywhere) in the first place.
However, you can only go doing that for so long, and eventually, over the next ten years we'll feel the effects of Open Document and the efforts of those promoting it. Fifteen to twenty years ago or more, large companies charging a great deal of money for proprietary networking solutions and stacks was the norm. No one thought that, or those companies, would ever end. These days, if you promote a proprietary networking protocol over TCP/IP, or any IP standard protocol, you'll simply be laughed out of business. How many of those companies are still around or actually selling those products?
By segedunum at Sat, 2005/09/24 - 5:00am
The intresting issue is: What will it take to convince Microsoft to support Opendocument?
If we attack on all levels and fora in lobbying it must be possible to convince politicians of Opendocument.
But: do we have an advocacy paper?
By gerd at Sat, 2005/09/24 - 5:00am
Re: Opendocument
But would we want MS to adopt Opendocument? Wouldn't they just make their version slightly incompatible and turn things into a mess?
By Berra at Sat, 2005/09/24 - 5:00am
Well then we'd know wouldn't we? It would also quite clearly be Microsoft's fault that they are breaking something, rather than creating their own formats, expecting others to use them and and whinging "Oh, but all these other office suites simply aren't compatible and are implementing our open standard wrong!"
Microsoft sees this as rather dangerous territory, and it's clear that their knees are shaking quite a bit over how to deal with it.
By segedunum at Sun, 2005/09/25 - 5:00am
> and it's clear that their knees are shaking quite a bit over how to deal with it.
I sadly highly doubt it. to get their knees to shake youd have to place a 50mt nuke in Mr. Gates office, which is controlled by a embedded linux system (which means double danger). THAT would show them fear, nothing else.
I guess they will just place a big "loser" stamp above Massachusetts on their big world-domination... ehm market-share map and have a good laugh.
Getting Seattle out of lockin would probably rise their attention, but maybe not. They will just throw their hordes of zombies... ehm lawyers at whoever annoys them. finito.
By Andy at Sun, 2005/09/25 - 5:00am
... 50mt nuke ... embedded linux system
embed a Microsoft system and see Bill really shake, rattle, and roll
http://tepy-at-houston-lake.blogspot.com/
By tepy at Sun, 2005/09/25 - 5:00am
Re: Opendocument -- MS failed with Java
Microsoft had adopted Java and introduced "extensions" that only worked well for Windows. Sun brought MS to task and was forbidden to use the Java name, and had to pay a big fine. The response was the creation of C# and .Net, which is not doing well. The world is aware.
If MS now tries to corrupt the OpenDocument standard with extensions that work well only for Windows, there will be jurisprudence to support a similar prohibition. This time, the world public will clearly notice this fact.
By Mario Miyojim at Sun, 2005/09/25 - 5:00am
German blog post
http://www.netzpolitik.org/2005/microsoft-ubt-kritik-an-opendocument/
Letter to Massachusetts
Perhaps there should also be a letter to the fine people of Massachusetts congratulating them on their decision and letting them know all about KWord and letting them know of its Open Document support... perhaps someone over there could present them with a box full of Kubunty CD's ?
By Ivor Hewitt at Sat, 2005/09/24 - 5:00am
Re: Letter to Massachusetts
Who moved the 'y'. Obviously Kubuntu.... although Kubunty does have a nice ring to it.
Textmak import OpenDocument also
The newest version of Textmake from Softmaker http://www.softmaker.de at least can import OpenDocument format and as far as I know they will fully support it in future versions.
By Anony Maus at Sat, 2005/09/24 - 5:00am
Re: Textmak import OpenDocument also
That's ***not*** what they told me.
> I have some questions about the forthcoming version of Textmaker.
> [1] "NEW: Imports OpenOffice.org (1.x and 2.0) and OpenDocument
> documents"
> What about EXPORT to same???? We need 2-way conversion for proper
> document exchange.
"We wrote an import filter to read a lot of files. An export filter is a lot of
work, about the same work as an import filter. So at first we decided to write
in import filter. ***We don't know if we will do an export filter in the future.***" [emphasis mine]
(20. Sep. 2005)
By Rex Bachmann at Sat, 2005/09/24 - 5:00am
It's a political issue...
This seems to be a political issue initiated from the Commonwealth of Masssachusetts probably to gain more freedom of selecting more than one software product for the future for governmental work and obligations. The right and only way in my opinion...
By Lochball at Sat, 2005/09/24 - 5:00am
Re: It's a political issue...
Hmm I'da never considered document retention and retrieval political.
By stumbles at Sat, 2005/09/24 - 5:00am
> Hmm I'da never considered document retention and retrieval political.
It's political to the extent that it's economic public policy, and therefore politicians are involved. Anytime significant amounts of money, or influence that may translate into money, are involved there will be politics.
By don at Sun, 2005/09/25 - 5:00am
How about "free speech"?
It took the Peruvian official's letter to make this plain to me (and, I suspect, to a lot of people), but there's a serious matter of freedom involved here. The recent embarassment of FEMA and the PTO over IE-only web pages underscored its importance as well: the ability to communicate with government is incontestably an aspect of free speech - certainly more so than porn, or spam, or telemarketing or lots of other detestable things that have hidden behind the First Amendment.
The real, non-negotiable issue for a sovereign State (or Commonwealth, though to the rest of us they're a State, thank you very much) is that requiring citizens commmunicating with government to use a file format that is controlled by a single private party, whose use requires a license from that party, is unacceptable.
The reasons would be merely theoretical had not that very party itself provided ample proof that they not only could but would make unacceptable use of their advantage.
By Brian Thomas at Mon, 2005/09/26 - 5:00am
MS will just support OpenDocument =)
That's an easy task for them. Just one month worth of work. They'll feature discriminate; when selling to Mass, they offer that to them, when selling to everyone else, it would just be Office 12 format only. Unless all of US and Europe decide to mandate this. Then, hehee, Microsoft will be forced to support OpenDocument as a default standard. =)
Another tactic Microsoft would take is to attack the inferiority of OpenDocument, that it didn't include advanced features in today's office productivity. This may be their only strong point.
By Zero at Sat, 2005/09/24 - 5:00am
Re: MS will just support OpenDocument =)
OpenDocument doesn't have inferiorities, it just doesn't have some features that can be easily adopted after they are approved and agreed to by its committee. OpenDocument is XML based and the "X" stands for eXtensible, meaning, it is flexible and can be enhanced at will and any features and capabilities that it doesn't have yet can be added very easily. So where are the inferiorities? MS Yates would like you to believe it is but in actuality, OpenDocument is very powerful.
By Abe at Sat, 2005/09/24 - 5:00am
OpenDocument has a few problems, like formula's in SpreadSheets. But I think it is a good start, maybe in a version 2.0 of OpenDocument, they can solves such problems.
By Boemer at Sat, 2005/09/24 - 5:00am
Can you please be more specific? Someone from OASIS wrote that in 2004 too and they had to bang their heads a lot to solve it. But nobody spits out _what_ that problem actually was.
Spreadsheat Formula: undefined
If I understand the issue right, the format and meaning of formulae in the spreadsheats is not defined in the standard. So products are left in the open, implementing some or other look-alike of the Excel's formula implementation. Portability? Interoperability? Scriptability? Forget it.
To keep ti short: they are undefined.
Bu I did not really go and checked with the standard text, so I might be completely wrong.
By Anonymous Coward at Sun, 2005/09/25 - 5:00am
I'm not familiar with the spec, but I think most opinions on the weaknesses for spreadsheets have come from this article:
http://blogs.gnome.org/view/mortenw/2005/06/16/0
It appears that some fairly important things are left missing or underspecified by the spreadsheet specification.
By Jess Sightler at Sun, 2005/09/25 - 5:00am
points raised seem valid (though i haven't read the specification to verify them), but i don't get one thing - why didn't he give his input when od was created ?
also, i would really like to see a response and/or explanation to these points by od-tc member, anybode seen something like that ?
By richlv at Mon, 2005/09/26 - 5:00am
Regarding the inferiority of OpenDocument, I'd like to point out that all versions of MS Word, past and present, also support reading and writing plain text files and rich text files (RTF). MS doesn't have a problem writing to file formats that don't support all of Word's features.. they only have a problem writing to formats that are close enough that they threaten to loose the stanglehold of their proprietary document formats.
By Pete at Mon, 2005/09/26 - 5:00am
Marketing koffice to MS.. I hope his response will also be posted here (if any)
By me at Sat, 2005/09/24 - 5:00am
The terrible injustice
I am also concerned by the fact that OpenDocument's only representative on Windows is OpenOffice. Together with microsoft, I find it terribly unjust that we are sort of forced to use the only one available fully-featured application for creation of the OpenDocument documents.
I hope Microsoft will correct this terrible injustice by implementing OpenDocument support into its Office line.
By Daniel at Sat, 2005/09/24 - 5:00am
Re: The terrible injustice
You know, everyone seems to forget there are OTHER Windows office products than MS Office. WordPerfect for example. All that needs to happen is these other native Windows office products support the OpenDocument format and there will be more than one native product doing so. IBM could even get in there and tell their Lotus division to get the Lotus SmartSuite updated and support the format.
In addition, MS stating there's really only one codebase supporting OpenDocument is rather specious. After all, MS Office is the only product which supports all the features of the Office document formats. That would eliminate Office as a product, under Yate's argument.
By Mark at Sun, 2005/09/25 - 5:00am
And Microsoft wanting to keep government as well as corporate entities locked into MSWord format is different,......... how?
By LaGrosse at Sun, 2005/09/25 - 5:00am
You may want to read the post you replied to once again.
Maybe after reading: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Irony
By cm at Mon, 2005/09/26 - 5:00am
Doesn't AbiWord (www.abiword.org) support the OpenDocument format? It's avaiable for MS-Windows as well.
By David at Wed, 2005/09/28 - 5:00am
http://dot.kde.org/1069632528/
By George Staikos at Sat, 2005/09/24 - 5:00am
Re: Remember this?
Goodness. Was it that long ago?
Moving to Windows??
First off, excellent letter. Secondly, sorry if I'm a little behind the times here, but KOffice is moving to Windows? Does this mean that it will lose most of it's KDE functions (DCOP, for instance) and be ported? What about QT?
By Vlad Grigorescu at Sun, 2005/09/25 - 5:00am
Re: Moving to Windows??
The QT libs have been ported to windows and they are now under the gpl with version 4.
By nemo3383 at Sun, 2005/09/25 - 5:00am
I think the letter is referring to when KOffice (as well as the rest of KDE) will be ported to Qt4 and thus be legally portable to Windows.
By Dhraakellian at Sun, 2005/09/25 - 5:00am
For a few years now people have been porting KDE/QT3 to Windows (at first to Cygwin then going for native), so that means when KDE is ported to QT4 the port to Windows shouldn't take to much more work.
By Corbin at Sun, 2005/09/25 - 5:00am
Qt is available for Windows
By rinse at Sun, 2005/09/25 - 5:00am
What Ms is working on
some nice developer's insights of microsoft:
Outlook Express to be renamed windows Mail, finally adds spam filter / Video
http://channel9.msdn.com/showpost.aspx?postid=116711
http://www.sharepointblogs.com/dustin/archive/2005/09/14/3503.aspx
Screenshots of Office 12
http://pdc.xbetas.com/?page=o12preview1
Re: What Ms is working on
> Screenshots of Office 12
> http://pdc.xbetas.com/?page=o12preview1
o.k.,
1. this will definitively frighten nearly 100% of their "normal" users to hell.
2. some IT admins in business may already try to estimate costs and (their own) time to explain the hordes of typists the new UI... ("yes, baby, that button is now just at another position on the screen. Yes, I know it used to be up there, but now it's a bit more left... ")
btw.: did you notice the little cross on the top right corner of the tabs on the screenies? You can actually close the tabs! Yeah! This will be total horror for all admins around the globe as every typist will eventually press it "Ayayay... my word vanished.. Dunno, what I've done, but now it looks so different, I'm sorry, I fucked it up..."
3. in the bigger companies they already book the "retraining lessons"... Well, we have the big wallet's over here and who cares anyway...
4. Some geeks may simply think, "fuck' em, they replaced menus with tabs, but so what, as long as it's somewhat usable"
5. On windows, after 3+ month everybody got used to it and will have to use both menus and tab interfaces for a transition periode of at least 2 years, as most windows software will change their UI to resemble MS's new "invention" (just to look more "up to date", ya know)
6. my humble opinion: I don't think you'll save a second when typing a letter using tabs instead of menus. It all boils down to a different "look" using some more pixels for the UI.
7. It's o.k. to give the UI more space on the screen (bigger icons, buttons, menu), because screen resolution is now better then 10 years ago. KDE's UI has been (moderatly) changing over the years and won't stop to do so in the future. I strongly "plead" for something like an "extended Toolbar" much like what we already have (configurability), plus resembling some of the functionality of MS new UI (but without the possibility to accidentally close a tab)
By Me at Sun, 2005/09/25 - 5:00am
>1. this will definitively frighten nearly 100% of their "normal" users to hell.
I don't know: it was said the same thing for the 'fisher price' default look of WinXP but I think that a majority of the home users are using the default (many enterprise configures it at classic mode though).
One could say it is because that they have no clue of how to do the change (or fear that it would 'break things'), still they managed to use the new look without too much fuss I think.
So, I don't expect users to have too much problem, only an even bigger reluctancy to switch, but that has been the case since Office97: further version have bring nearly nothing useful (except maybe the groupware features, but very few users use them).
By renox at Sun, 2005/09/25 - 5:00am
I see that Sharepoint, Exchange and the BizTalk Server are going to grow together. At least, they will be highly complementary. And there is a need, too:
- The companies will want email access through the web, not only through outlook.
- They will want to have file data exchange.
- They will want to have calendaring and ressource planning, possibly via the web...
- They will want to have workflow planning that is tightly integrated in email communication.
- They will possibly want to have a neat corporate website which is easy to constuct. Preferably as a modular portal solution, and Sharepoint will have to do that.
But nevertheless, I also see from colleagues who work for M$ that the giant is nervous. OpenSource is tackling M$ on the desktop now, and the community is constantly getting better. At the same time, users are reluctant to learn new applications all over again and feel well-served by existing software (with maintenance expiring). And a great number of Computing Science students have been brought up on Linux, not on Windows.
In this sense we should really start to work on applications and on the age-old problem of application integration. We will have to see what apps are running in the enterprises and how we can attach to them. The OpenSource world will have to become an application integration world. BTW, why don't we shed more light on OpenSource ERP and CRM software? This is a core reason for small companies to stay on Windows.
By Markus Heller at Wed, 2005/09/28 - 5:00am
> The OpenSource world will have to become an application integration world.
> BTW, why don't we shed more light on OpenSource ERP and CRM software? This
> is a core reason for small companies to stay on Windows.
I strongly second that! Some month ago, I already did a prototype of an ERP-solution with Gambas, which is planned to be tranformed into a real KDE-app. It could fit some 1-20 employees, but not more. As I have my own "company" (5 employees) I have some experience, but not enough time to work on it (to be honest I have no free time atm).
By Me at Tue, 2005/10/04 - 5:00am
OpenDocument is a major opportunity for KDE. If you have some time available, consider writing a bit about it on Wikipedia in your mother language. We actually have :
* http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/OpenDocument (very complete)
* http://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/OpenDocument (complete, my humble contribution)
* http://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/OpenDocument (not too bad, but need some updates)
* http://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/OpenDocument
* http://th.wikipedia.org/wiki/OpenDocument
* Nothing in other languages
By jmfayard at Sun, 2005/09/25 - 5:00am
Re: Wikipedia
In Spanish:
http://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/OpenDocument
By TxemaFinwe at Sun, 2005/09/25 - 5:00am
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Fosun Acquires Majority Interest in TENAX Capital Limited
LONDON, July 2, 2019 /PRNewswire/ -- Fosun International Limited (SEHK stock code: 00656) ("Fosun International"), one of the world's leading family-focused multinational companies, announced today the acquisition of a majority shareholder interest in TENAX CAPITAL Limited ("TENAX"), a boutique asset management company headquartered in London.
Founded in 2004, TENAX is a regulated Alternative Investment Fund Manager ("AIFM") with 15 years pan-European investment capabilities, specializing in actively managed strategies ranging from long and long/short financial equities, SME Private Debt and Insurance Linked Securities (ILS). TENAX mainly serves European institutional investors with approximately €1 billion Assets Under Management. TENAX has successfully created investment solutions that are particularly attractive to insurance companies, banks and their respective customers.
This acquisition is part of Fosun's strategy to grow its global asset management business under its Wealth Ecosystem. Upon completion, TENAX will become one of Fosun's most important European asset management platforms, providing European and global investors new and innovative investment solutions and access to China's fast-growing financial markets.
Mr. Jun Li, CEO of Fosun Asset Management, Co-President of Fosun Insurance Group, said, "We welcome the experienced and talented TENAX team joining Fosun today. The capable investment team, regulated business licenses and distribution channel of TENAX complement Fosun's global asset management business. We believe, along with our other asset management companies, TENAX will provide even better investment solutions to Fosun's insurance subsidiaries, portfolio companies, business partners and third-party investors."
Massimo Figna, Founder and CEO of TENAX stated, "I am very proud that TENAX will be part of a reputable and fast global multinational growing company. TENAX's success, built on its result driven culture and innovative investment solutions, will grow from strength to strength being part of Fosun's ecosystems, generating significant synergies. This partnership will allow TENAX to fulfill its goal to offer its investment solutions at a global scale."
Completion of the transaction is pending regulatory approval and is expected to close in 2H2019.
About Fosun
Fosun was founded in 1992. Fosun International Limited is a family-focused multinational company that has been listed on the main board of the Hong Kong Stock Exchange (00656.HK) since 2007, with total assets over RMB638.8 billion (c.US$93.1 billion) as of 31 December 2018. With its roots in Mainland China, and through technology and innovation, Fosun's mission is to create customer-to-maker (C2M) ecosystems in health, happiness and wealth, providing high-quality products and services for families around the world. Fosun International ranks No.416 on the 2018 Forbes Global 2000 List.
Tenax Capital was founded in 2004, with the successful launch of the Equity Financial Strategy. The firm initiated its second strategy in 2012 with the Tenax Credit Opportunities Fund, followed in 2015 by the Tenax Italian Credit Fund/ICF1 and then in 2018 the Tenax PMI, which were all established to invest in and provide credit to non-financial European borrowers. In 2017, Tenax Capital launched the third investment strategy, the Tenax Insurance Linked Securities (ILS) Fund, which aimed at investing into catastrophe risk related securities. All strategies are supported by robust investment process and comprehensive risk management structures that have been examined and validated by numerous third-party institutional investors. In addition to the firm's existing strategies, Tenax Capital has also a strong network of relationships within the global insurance industry, periodically bringing together chief investment officers in its CIO Forum to discuss and develop key strategic and sectorial themes in a unique industry alliance.
Source: Fosun
Related Stocks:
HongKong:0656 OTC:FOSUF OTC:FOSUY
www.fosun-international.com
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