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Teardown: Memoir of a Vanishing City
Teardown Excerpt
Journalism Clips
Flint Expats on Facebook
@FlintExpats on Twitter
Flint Portraits: Nancy Kovack
What does the Vehicle City have to do with Jason and the Argonauts, the awkwardly animated film that once seemed so cool and cutting edge?
Note: This post has been updated to correct two errors.
Actress Nancy Kovack, of course.
"On March 11, 1935 1936, Nancy was born in Flint, Michigan. Yes, the same Flint, Michigan, made popular by another prominent child of the city, Michael Moore, in his film documentaries," cultsirens.com breathlessly explains. "Our girl was a brainy student type, as it was reported that she enrolled at the University of Michigan at age 15 to eventually graduate around 19! She took the time to be a radio deejay and to win a lot of beauty contest titles (at least eight) by the age of 20."
And what's Flint's best-known actress doing these days? How does a bombshell who's worked with Dean Martin and Alfred Hitchcock pass the time? She lives quietly with her family in a modest house off East Court in Flint. She enjoys the Farmer's Market on Saturdays, and she's been sighted at the White Horse Tavern on occasion.
"Another big honor came her way when she said ‘yes’ to a marriage proposal coming from famed orchestra conductor Zubin Mehta," according to cultsirens.com. "They were united on July 19, 1969. She subsequently popped up a couple of times on TV, credited as Nancy Mehta, and was last seen on a Bronk episode in 1976. The couple had two children. Mehta became the music director for the New York Philharmonic. And Nancy preferred to dedicate herself to family life. Of course, Mehta eventually worked with Pavarotti and Domingo. In 1998 the couple moved to Germany, where hubby became Music Director of the Bavarian State Opera. Also, Nancy lost some money to Susan McDougal, a player in the Whitewater scandal. By her own admission, Nancy Kovack refused to play the Hollywood game, be it casting couch or swingers scene, despite playing seductive and/or sexy roles. She never became a major movie star and this suited her fine."
Labels: Flint Portraits, Jason and the Argonauts, Michael Moore, Nancy Kovack, Roger and Me, Zubin Mehta
Here's a bit of little known trivia (I think) concerning Nancy Kovack.
Nancy grew up in what is now Flint Township, in the area of Corunna and Linden Roads. Her family home was located on land on currently occupied by the Home Depot on Corunna Road. When Home Depot purchased the land and before construction began, I remember reading in an article in the Flint Journal that Mrs. Mehta paid to have her childhood home (which was still standing at the site) moved and brought to where she lived so it would avoid the wrecking ball...
Money talks, doesn't it?
Gerry Godin June 10, 2008 at 12:42 PM
She was also Miss Flint of 1955. She also graduated from Dye School,which was located at the corner of Dye and Corunna. When she went there it was the high school and when I went there it was grades 6th and 7th in the early sixties.
bustdup June 10, 2008 at 9:36 PM
I'll forgive the crappy animation comment, just because You did this article. Always appreciated seeing Her movies when a yonker, and now as old(er)man...uh...even more.
Gordon Young June 11, 2008 at 7:15 AM
bustup, I knew I was in trouble for downgrading the animation on this one almost immediately. I've had two friends ask me what I was thinking criticizing a groundbreaking work of animation. All I can say is I'm a writer, not an animator. What do I know?
ain't no thang Homeslice. just an old fan of stop-action, Ya know? like the Man said: "To each, His own". firm believer. I read this cyberspot everyday, right after the Journal, and Mich. Messenger. So, You're at least, in 50% good company. Many Thanks
How about an article highlighting the other famous former Flinttoids? Bob Eubanks has my vote!!!!!
RoadsideDinerLover
only know her from the first episode of Bewitched. She was Sheila.
google her as nancy mehta and hold your breath when her pics pop up in her current incarnation.
she looks nothing like herself, she's a blonde now and she's also gained quite a bit of weight.
Anonymous post "she looks nothing like herself, she's a blonde now and she's also gained quite a bit of weight."
Dude, did you think your were going to get into your time machine and go back to 1965 to hook-up with Nancy Kovack? Everyone knows that's ridiculous. Nancy Kovack wouldn't hook-up with you.
JWilly January 18, 2011 at 12:29 PM
"she looks nothing like herself, she's a blonde now and she's also gained quite a bit of weight."
Heh. Of course, none of the rest of us have gained an ounce, or undergone a hair-color (or quantity) change, or aged at all. 8^)
She never had any children with Mr. Mehta. He has a son and daughter from his first marriage.
Thanks for commenting. You might enjoy my book about Flint called "Teardown: Memoir of a Vanishing City," a Michigan Notable Book for 2014 and a finalist for the 33rd Annual Northern California Book Award for Creative NonFiction. Filmmaker Michael Moore described Teardown as "a brilliant chronicle of the Mad Maxization of a once-great American city." More information about Teardown is available at www.teardownbook.com.
Teardown: Memoir of a Vanishing City by Gordon Young
The Ultimate List of Bars, Lounges, and Taverns
Damn, I mention the Mikatam and the comment section turns into a bar free for all. Even my mom joined in by hearkening back to a place cal...
Slim Chiply Lives: You Know You're From Flint if...
This happens to be the most popular post in the history of Flint Expatriates, originally published March 19, 2008. I got the list via email...
Paramount Potato Chips: Question and Answer
A reader has a question about Paramount Potato Chips. Can anyone help him out? I lived in Flint on Melbourne Ave. in the 60’s and went to...
Flint Artifacts: The Farm Motel
A postcard of the Farm Motel (above) at 3615 Clio Road in better days. More recent shots below from 2011, supplied by Jimmy Rutherford, c...
Chevy in the Hole
So, um, why was it called Chevy in the Hole? Is it simply because the factory complex was located in the valley formed by the Flint River?
The gangs of Flint
There's no doubt you'd be terrified if you saw this gang of toughs coming for you on the mean streets of Flint in 1972. From left to...
Homedale Elementary School, R.I.P.
It appears the arson spree in Flint has finally claimed Homedale Elementary School. Kristen Longley of The Flint Journal reports : ...
Uncle Bob's Diner
Once you start talking about mistakes Flint has made related to historic preservation, especially downtown, it can turn into a very long co...
New Year's Eve at the Capitol Theater
The Capitol Theatre lobby. (Photo courtesy of sarahrazak ) Here's a re-post from New Year's Eve last year with some good comments...
Howdy, neighbor
This is 2406 Bassett Place, the former home of Art Bowden, the founder of King Arthur's Pasties. My old house is next door. You can see ...
"Teardown: Memoir of a Vanishing City" by Gordon Young
An intimate, indepth exploration of the past, present, and future of Flint, Michigan. Essential reading for anyone trying to understand why bad things — like the Flint Water Crisis — keep happening to Flint.
Follow @FlintExpats
Support Flint Expatriates
If you'd like to help offset the operating costs of Flint Expatriates, feel free to donate any amount, however small. (We're talking $1-$5 here.) The goal is extremely modest — more profits than AutoWorld!
If Paypal isn't an option for you, simply email me at the Flint Expatriates World Headquarters, also known as my living room, and I'll provide a mailing address: gyoung(at)flintexpats(dot)com.
Flint Murder Map
The Flint Murder Map tracked homicides in The Vehicle City during 2008.
Michael Moore: A permanent reminder of a temporary...
Murmurs of Flint
TV Powww!
Flint Artifacts: Buick Patch
Behind the curve
New GM engine plant in Flint
Jaquan S. Dudley, R.I.P.
Red Wings!
Expensive ride
Bowling for dollars
Can someone explain Will Ferrell's strange power o...
Flint Artifacts: Genesee County Circuit Court Juro...
DuKette Catholic School closing
DuKette feedback
Kaleb Jair Maclin, R.I.P.
Durant Hotel in limbo
The cost of happiness
Flint Artifacts: Buick Ashtray
The river of dreams
One Buick, please
Warriors...come out and play
Buick's the Beauty
Flint kids speak out
Flint Artifacts: G.M. Trucks Patch
St. Agnes, St. Luke and Sacred Heart Catholic chur...
Opel fever...why fight it?
Flint Artifacts: G.M. Patch
A city on the move
The end of the affair
Getting back to nature
Auto salvage
Michael Moore and the "Flint Film Festival"
Industrial love
Grand Funk Railroad gets patriotic...and naked
Cracking down
Should Powers move?
Energy deja vu
Obama visits Flint
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"I grew up on the Eastside and recall the unexplained pride I felt when the 3:30 Buick factory whistle blew and the roughly dressed workers poured out of the General Motors labyrinth swinging their lunch pails. Some were headed for home and some for the corner bar, but all with the determined step of an army after a battle won. I somehow felt as if I were a part of this giant assembly line and the city it fed."
— Pat McFarlane Young, Flint Central Class of 1948
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EDUCATIONAL SPRING FLING KEYNOTE (8:40-10:00 Vanier Hall)
Our plenary session in Vanier Hall at PGSS takes place from 8:40-10:00, featuring our KEYNOTE presentation from 8:40-10:00. To start us off we have a few short welcomes and a short dance performance from "Together We Move" (Gr. 5-8 students from Heather Park and Kelly Road schools), so please fill the hall for a prompt start, and finish your coffee before you enter.
"Sharing Our Stories"
Relationships form an essential foundation for caring, inclusive and innovative school communities. Each member of the school community has a story to share, a context that drives their passions and determines their unique path.
“All that we are is story...” – Richard Wagamese
Keynote Themes:
Risks and vulnerabilities
Finding our edge
Sharing our stories
School community and partnerships
Connections over content
Innovation- starting from where we are
Re-imagining success
Supporting all learners
Empowering ourselves, and our students
WORKSHOP SESSION (10:30-12:00, repeats 1:30-3:00)
Creating Inclusive, Innovative School Communities - Sharing Our Stories
Session Objectives:
Explore how to foster an inclusive, engaging and innovative school culture that supports and celebrates the diversity of all learners.
Identify key stakeholders in a school community that can contribute to a student’s social, emotional and academic success.
Explore strategies to engage and empower all students
Participants will:
Reflect on, and identify the integral features of an inclusive, engaging and innovative school culture.
Look to redefine student “success” based on a more diverse set of skills and abilities.
Reflect on the importance of relationships to support and connect with all learners.
Identify key stakeholders in a school (learning) community and reflect on their integral role and collective responsibility in contributing to student success.
Build capacity and identify strategies to facilitate relationships/connections with all learners.
About our keynote speaker - Sarah Garr
Having overcome her own challenges in school, Sarah Garr passionately believes in the need to create inclusive, innovative school communities that support and celebrate all learners. An essential component of any school culture is strong, open and trusting relationships between students, staff, parents and community members. In the midst of an ever-changing educational landscape, and with the integration of a new curriculum, strength-based leadership is key in supporting the growth and development of students and staff. Currently a vice principal at a high school in the Richmond school district SD #38, Sarah is privileged to have had opportunity to share her story through her TEDx talk, "What is Success?", on the need to re-define traditional definitions of success to be more inclusive of all learners. Sarah is also able to share her journey in educational leadership through her blog, Writing My Way Into Understanding.
Connect with Sara Garr before, during, or after the conference:
Twitter: @garr_s
Website/Blog: sarahgarr.blogspot.ca
TEDx Talk: “What is Success?” https://youtu.be/S2LKi-KeiUE
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苏州半永久纹绣培训学校
苏州半永久培训
广西桑拿
Al-Shabab says Kenya bus massacre was revenge attack
Somalia’s Shabab Islamists have ambushed a bus in Kenya and executed 28 non-Muslim passengers in what they say is revenge for police raids on mosques in the troubled port of Mombasa.
“I can confirm … that 28 innocent travellers were brutally executed by the Shabab,” regional police chief Noah Mwavinda told AFP.
The bus, which was headed for the capital Nairobi, was ambushed on Saturday shortly after departing from Mandera, a town on the border with Somalia in Kenya’s northeast.
Some 60 passengers on board were ordered off the vehicle, and the gunmen separated the travellers into Muslims and non-Muslims.
The militants then had the non-Muslims reboard the bus and tried to drive off with them, but the vehicle got stuck.
“So they executed their prisoners” before escaping back into Somalia, Mwavinda said.
A Shabab spokesman said the deadly attack was in revenge for raids this week on four Mombasa mosques that hiked simmering tensions in the city.
“The Mujahedeen successfully carried out an operation near Mandera early this morning, which resulted in the perishing of 28 crusaders, as a revenge for the crimes committed by the Kenyan crusaders against our Muslim brethren in Mombasa,” Ali Mohamud Rage said in a statement sent to AFP.
Police closed the four mosques in Mombasa, a largely Muslim city, on the grounds they had come under the influence of hardliners.
A 25-year-old passenger on the bus, who asked to be identified only as Ibrahim, told AFP that the vehicle came under fire several times after leaving Mandera, leaving one passenger dead.
The driver was finally forced to stop by the group of around 70 assailants, he said.
Ibrahim said the passengers were divided into Muslim and non-Muslim groups and he witnessed the execution of two non-Muslim passengers, who were shot in the head.
Kenya has suffered a series of attacks since invading Somalia in 2011 to attack the Shabab, later joining an African Union force battling the Islamists.
The Shabab carried out the September 2013 attack on Nairobi’s Westgate shopping mall, killing at least 67 people, as a warning to Kenya to pull its troops out of southern Somalia.
Ferguson braces for decision on charges
The father of a black US teenager killed by police in the St Louis suburb of Ferguson has sought to ease tensions as protesters stepped up calls for a grand jury to charge the white officer responsible.
The predominantly African American community has been on edge over the jury’s expected decision.
US President Barack Obama has called for calm, Missouri’s governor declared a state of emergency and the FBI deployed extra personnel.
But contrary to days of speculation, US media reported that no decision would come this weekend, with the jury only expected to reconvene on Monday at the earliest.
The jury can either indict police officer Darren Wilson, meaning he could face trial for the death of 18-year-old Michael Brown on August 9, or determine there is no case for him to answer.
Brown’s father, Michael Brown Sr, and his wife Cal distributed Thanksgiving turkeys in the neighbourhood the killing sparked weeks of protests, some of them violent.
“I feel like I just had to do this,” Brown Sr told AFP, wearing a T-shirt with a picture of his son on the front and the caption, “Gone to Soon.”
Visibly upset, Brown Sr embraced journalists and community members, but stopped short of commenting on the grand jury decision that has put Ferguson on edge.
“Everyone is suffering over this. This is painful for everyone, especially this community. I just feel this was needed so I came to do that, to make sure that people have a nice Thanksgiving,” he said.
Earlier in the week, he appealed for restraint in a sombre video plea. “Hurting others or destroying property is not the answer,” he said.
His son’s killing inflamed racial tensions in mostly black St Louis suburb of 21,000 with an overwhelmingly white police force and town government.
On Saturday night, 15 to 20 protesters braved the rain to stage a spirited demonstration for around an hour, dancing to the beat of a young drummer, waving a US flag and demanding justice.
Coach Meyer draws positives from Boks’ scrappy win in Italy
The Springboks laboured to a 22-6 victory in a game in which the home side were in contention going into the final 10 minutes before the Boks pulled away with a late try from Bryan Habana.
The positives for Meyer were few with too many handling errors, turnovers conceded and lost set-pieces, though he was pleased with the defensive display and the manner in which the Boks dominated the scrums with a second-string front-row.
“I’m very happy with the result and fact that we didn’t concede any tries and no points in the second half,” Meyer told reporters. “I’ll always prefer a try-count of 3-0 instead of 5-3.
“I’m very proud of the way in which they came through, especially in the scrums, where Trevor (Nyakane), in his first start, Coenie (Oosthuizen) and Julian (Redelinghuys) were part of a dominant performance against a very good Italian scrum.
“The same goes for Johan (Goosen), playing at fullback in a test for the first time, while I thought Nizaam {Carr) made a big impact when he came on.”
Meyer knew that winning the World Cup next year will at times mean substance over style and would not have been unhappy to see his side put under such pressure, yet grab the win.
“It was always going to be a scrappy affair and it’s never easy playing away from home against a very passionate Italian side,” he said.
“The Italians had a proper go and they deserve a lot of credit for their performance. But our guys stuck to their guns and pulled it through when it mattered most.”
Captain Jean de Villiers felt the Boks showed their quality in patches but admitted they would have to improve for next weekend’s clash in Wales.
“We put in a big performance against a fired up team and while there is always room for improvement, I thought we played some great rugby at times,” De Villiers said.
“We have one week left in our season and everyone involved knows the test against Wales in Cardiff next weekend will be a massive challenge — we’ll be going all out to finish 2014 on a high.”
(Reporting by Nick Said in Cape Town; editing by Sudipto Ganguly)
Philippines hunts down suspects
The small band of primarily armed forces officers who seized a luxury hotel yesterday to demand the resignation of President Gloria Arroyo were bundled off by police after a lightning raid, but officials said others were involved.
National police chief Avelino Razon said documents found in the debris of the Peninsula Hotel, which SWAT teams stormed in a hail of gunfire and tear gas to end the stand-off, indicated “four groups” took part in the mutiny.
He declined to give details but said one of the renegade officers seen taking over the hotel had managed to get away despite an overnight curfew imposed in the Philippine capital after the rebels surrendered.
“We are looking for him,” Razon told local radio. “We don't know how he escaped.”
Meanwhile the president's national security adviser, Noberto Gonzales, said up to 20 other people who were not part of the hotel siege were under investigation, including businessmen said to have financed the rebellion.
“Some of them are businessmen but I do not want to be hasty by naming names,” Gonzales was quoted as saying in the local press.
Arroyo has faced repeated coup attempts since taking power in 2001, and many of the people involved in Thursday's mutiny had come directly from a court hearing into their involvement in a 2003 coup attempt.
Razon said some of them were the “usual suspects” from previous attempts to bring down the government in the Philippines, where the military, big business and the Catholic church all hold powerful sway over national political life.
The armed forces can make or break a president, and the leaders of yesterday's uprising — Navy Lieutenant Antonio Trillanes and Brigadier General Danilo Lim — had appealed to the rest of the military to join them.
Instead, after the rebels ignored a deadline to surrender, armoured personnel carriers smashed into the hotel lobby and elite troops poured inside, unleashing volleys of weapons fire and tear gas.
The rebels swiftly surrendered, and no one was reported injured in the raid.
“This armed undertaking had failure written all over it,” said the
Philippine Daily Inquirer, one of many newspapers that lambasted the renegades for their actions.
Despite the rebellion's failure to attract large numbers of supporters onto the streets, however, it appeared to have been well-organised.
Police did not stop the rebels on their way toward the hotel, witnesses said, and a detailed website appeared as the uprising was launched that included harsh criticisms of the state of the nation under Arroyo.
Among those found with the rebels were at least one prominent Catholic bishop as well as a former Philippine vice president and vocal Arroyo critic, Teofisto Guingona.
The Philippines has been benefitting from a strong economy of late but poverty and corruption continue to plague the Southeast Asian nation, which is made up of more than 7,000 islands.
Arroyo has been repeatedly accused of stealing her 2004 election after tapes emerged of her talking to an election commission official while the votes were being counted.
On their website, 南宁夜网.sundalo.bravehost广西桑拿,, the rebels said the president was “destroying” this overwhelmingly Roman Catholic country of around 90 million people.
“The economy, the rule of law and the moral order lie in ruins,” they said.
“The entire system has broken down, thanks to a president whose legitimacy is denied by the vast majority of our people.”
McKew declares victory in Bennelong
The political career of outgoing prime minister John Howard is officially over, with Ms McKew on Saturday making history by claiming victory in the northern Sydney seat.
Despite leading Mr Howard from the outset, Ms McKew had been reluctant to claim victory, repeatedly saying it was too close to call.
Even at her election function last Saturday in North Ryde, as her jubilant supporters screamed for her to call it, Ms McKew held back, saying Bennelong was on a knife edge.
But on Saturday at Gladesville Public School the former ABC journalist finally called Bennelong for Labor – the first time it has been out of Liberal hands since being established in 1949.
“One week after the polls opened I can now say that in Bennelong we are 2,100 votes ahead, we have 51.25 per cent of the two party vote, so we are comfortably ahead,” Ms McKew said.
“I can formally say that Bennelong is now a Labor seat for the first time.”
Her statement made official the end of Mr Howard’s illustrious political career, which began in 1974 when he first won the seat.
It is only the second time in history that a sitting prime minister has lost his seat.
In a blot on his copybook, Mr Howard joins Stanley Melbourne Bruce, who was unceremoniously dumped in 1929.
Mr Howard has yet to officially concede the seat, however on election night last Saturday the outgoing PM admitted it was very likely he would lose his grip on Bennelong.
Ms McKew said she was not disappointed Mr Howard nor his office hadn’t formally relinquished the electorate, instead paying tribute to his 33 years in public office.
“Mr Howard and his family clearly had a huge amount to do this week,” said Ms McKew, who on Thursday was named parliamentary secretary to the prime minister and cabinet.
“I would like to acknowledge John Howard’s long years of public service – he gave 30 years to public life.”
Ms McKew said she had been swept into office by a uniform swing to Labor in Bennelong, which showed many people in the electorate had voted for the party for the first time.
“We saw swings in every single booth bar one (and) we had an overall swing of five per cent,” she said.
“To give you some idea of the scale of what the Labor Party has achieved in Bennelong, the primary vote at the 2004 election was around 28 per cent, our primary vote this time was around 44 to 45 per cent.
“That is a huge increase in Labor’s primary vote … and for me to see swings in places like Carlingford, Epping, Lyon Park and Eastwood … tells me people have voted Labor for the first time.”
Ms McKew said some voters may have felt neglected by Mr Howard in recent years, causing them to change allegiances.
“There was definitely a little bit of cynicism, I have to say, at the high level of visibility of Mr Howard in recent months,” Ms McKew said.
“People saw that as something of a contrast to what had gone before.”
She declined to comment on claims made by former treasurer Peter Costello, who on Friday night said the coalition would have performed better had Mr Howard handed over power.
“The fact is that didn’t happen and the Liberal Party are doing a lot of soul searching, but I’ll leave them to do that,” she said.
Ms McKew was “thrilled to bits” with her appointment as a parliamentary secretary, saying her swearing in on Monday would be a “spectacular honour”.
She promised the voters of Bennelong an energetic and visible member.
“As I campaigned in Bennelong (I said) I would be a strong voice for Bennelong,” Ms McKew said.
“That strong voice will be right there in the prime minister’s office.
“They have this assurance from me that I will serve them as energetically, as conscientiously as I can over the next three years.”
Comment is being sought from Mr Howard.
Rates likely to rise in February
The board of the central bank meets to discuss monetary policy in Sydney on Tuesday, and its decision will be announced on Wednesday.
A clear majority of 19 economists surveyed by AAP believe the RBA will wait until after the release of December quarter consumer price index (CPI) data in January 2008 before tightening monetary policy in February.
The board does not meet in January.
Rate hike expected
Some 16 economists expect the RBA to hike rates by a quarter of a percentage point to seven per cent in February, while five expect to see another rise by the end of the June quarter to 7.25 per cent.
Westpac senior economist Andrew Hanlan says inflationary pressures were still evident in the economy, adding weight to the case for further rate hikes.
“The risk is the interest rate rises to date will be insufficient to temper those pressures,” Mr Hanlan says.
The central bank has already lifted the key cash rate twice in 2007, with last move in November to 6.75 per cent from 6.50 per cent.
Credit market fears
Mr Hanlan believes the RBA will raise interest rates in February and tighten further in the June quarter.
He says ongoing concerns about conditions in global credit markets, the US housing market slowdown and the state of the global economy could delay action by the RBA.
But the risks to domestic inflation remain firmly on the upside.
“Core inflation in the last couple of quarters has been running at a 3.7 per cent annualised pace … and we think the risk is we'll seen another unacceptably high number released in January, thus forcing the Reserve Bank to act in February,” he says.
“We're expecting the CPI result next quarter will again force the RBA's hand.”
The RBA has said underlying inflation is likely to exceed the top end of its two and three per cent comfort band in 2008.
Effects of drought
JPMorgan chief economist Stephen Walters, who has also forecast a February rate rise, agrees that underlying inflation is set to worsen as the drought pushes up food prices, energy costs increase and rents continue to advance.
“Seven out of 10 of the top CPI items are going up,” he says.
“In our view, that means inflation is going to be above the (RBA's) target range for the next couple of quarters.
“During the past 18 months, when inflation has threatened the top of the target range, the RBA has raised interest rates.”
Brakes ‘on inflation’
But Grange Securities chief economist Stephen Roberts, who sees interest rates staying on hold through to the second half of 2008, said the global credit crunch would push up retail lending rates, helping to put a brake on inflation.
“The credit crunch is doing the work of the Reserve Bank,” he says.
Mr Roberts sees underlying inflation likely falling below three per cent in the second half of 2008, as global economic growth slows.
“Since November, the downside risk to global economic growth has become more pronounced,” he says.
Spending cut ‘likely’
“That will keep rates on hold.
“Inflation will be coming down in 2008 and 2009.”
Mr Roberts added that the incoming federal Labor government was likely to cut spending.
“It looks like the new Labor government is going to be intent on not adding pressure to interest rates,” he says.
Gilchrist dismisses fears of rift
Adam Gilchrist insists Australia's cricketers are not trying to be “rebels” and will toe the company line when it comes to playing in the Indian Premier League.
The Test vice-captain confirmed today he was one of about a dozen top-level players to receive a letter from Cricket Australia chief executive James Sutherland warning them against playing in next year's lucrative IPL Twenty20 tournament without CA's consent.
Gilchrist denied he or any other player was trying to bend the rules of their CA contract by signing a memorandum of understanding with the IPL, and insisted any such tournament would always come second to playing international cricket.
Dismiss concerns over split
The wicket-keeper said he did not view the letter as being the start of a “stand-off” between the players and CA, and dismissed fears Australian cricket was on the verge of the game's biggest split since Kerry Packer launched World Series Cricket 30 years ago.
“I think it's pretty dramatic to draw comparisons between the Twenty20 revolution and World Series Cricket all those years ago,” said Gilchrist, who added he had already spoken to Sutherland about the matter a few weeks ago after receiving the letter.
“World Series Cricket was quite dramatic, and there was a lot of bad blood around at that time, from what I've learned, but it's far from that at the moment.
‘Consent’
“No one will play (in the IPL) without consent.
“We're not trying to be rebels here. It's a new opportunity for cricketers and it's a very exciting one that I know Cricket Australia are endorsing and encouraging.
“We're not looking for a moment to bend the rules or our contracts with Cricket Australia. They are our employer, as simple as that.
‘Abide by rules’
“We'll abide by their rules at all times and we're not trying to bend those rules what so all.
“If the opportunity comes up to play IPL, which a lot of us have signed a MOU to allow us to do, (we will play) but that will always be secondary to international cricket and playing for our country.
“I don't see (the letter) as a stand off or a threat. It's simply them (CA) stating exactly what their position is, and making sure that everyone is fully aware of it.”
Swan warns over ‘international storm clouds’
The TD Securities-Melbourne Institute monthly inflation gauge for November released yesterday ose by a further 0.
3 per cent for an annual rate of 3.4 per cent, well above the Reserve Bank's two to three per cent target range.
Mr Swan says he is adamant Labor's election promises would be implemented – including $31 billion in tax cuts – despite concerns public spending was fuelling inflation.
Dealing with inflation ‘a priority’
“Dealing with inflationary pressures in the economy is our number one priority,” he told ABC television.
“But we can also meet our election commitments because expanding the productive capacity of the economy is very important … in terms of the fight against inflation.”
Labor's agenda of lifting workplace participation, investing in skills and removing infrastructure bottlenecks would all help put downward pressure on inflation, he says.
‘Discipline’
“But over and above that, strict budget discipline is very important.”
Mr Swan says he took inflation warnings very seriously and was determined to find further savings in government spending.
“We are very serious – very serious indeed – about strict budget discipline, and that does mean making savings in the budgetary process and it also means redirecting some of those savings to vital expenditure which lifts the productive capacity of the economy,” he says.
RBA meets today
Meanwhile, the Reserve Bank of Australia (RBA) is widely tipped to keep official interest rates steady after today's final board meeting of the year.
But economists say homebuyers should be prepared for another increase when the RBA board next meets in February with little sign of inflation pressures being curbed as yet.
The central bank raised its official cash rate to 6.75 per cent last month, the second increase this year and 10th since 2002.
Optimistic despite international pressures
Mr Swan acknowledged “international storm clouds” were a possibility on the economic horizon, but says he is optimistic about Australia's outlook.
“We've got to do as much as we possibly can to make this economy as productive as it can be to insulate ourselves from the fallout of what occurs internationally,” he says.
Commercial banks continue to threaten to independently raise their mortgage rates because of their own higher borrowing costs on world markets due to the lingering fallout from the collapse of the US subprime mortgage market earlier this year.
Whether that increase is passed on to clients is up to the individual distributors.
‘Re-engagement’
Mr Swan pledged to involve Treasury more closely in policy areas such as education, skills, infrastructure and federal-state reform.
“It would be, I think, true to say that they haven't been as listened to in recent years as they should be,” he says.
“The Treasury has been locked out of the process. I think it's very important that they get re-engaged.”
The treasurer also warned banks against using the US sub-prime mortgage crisis as an excuse to lift interest rates in the absence of an official increase.
Urges banks to be cautious
“I would urge all of the banks to take great care and great caution. Because there have been six interest rate rises on the trot a lot of people out there are (under) financial pressure,” Mr
Swan says.
“I would urge all of our banks to think very long and very hard before they (go) putting up rates.”
Mr Swan says he will attend the Bali climate conference for talks on the economic impact of global warming.
Thousands expected at Banton's state funeral
Thousands of people are expected to honour the life and accomplishments of Bernie Banton when he is farewelled at a state funeral at Sydney's 21,000 seat Acer Arena, at Olympic Park today.
Flags will be at half mast on all NSW government buildings today to mark the passing of the campaigner, who took on corporate giant James Hardie to win compensation for asbestos disease sufferers.
NSW Premier Morris Iemma said flags will be flown at half mast in a sign of respect usually reserved for those who have held public office.
“As a mark of respect the Australian flag and the NSW State flag will be flown at half mast on all NSW government buildings and establishments all day on Wednesday,” Mr Iemma said.
Mr Banton already suffered asbestosis when he was diagnosed in August with peritoneal mesothelioma, an incurable asbestos-related cancer, and died surrounded by his family in Sydney last Tuesday.
He contracted his asbestos-related diseases while working in a James Hardie factory in western Sydney for six years in the 1960s and 70s.
Of Mr Banton's 137 workmates at the plant at the time, only a handful are still alive.
Mr Banton campaigned successfully to force the company to pay compensation to thousands of Australian workers and their families.
Five days before his death, James Hardie agreed to a confidential payout to settle Mr Banton's second compensation claim against the company.
Three weeks before his death, in the middle of the federal election campaign, Mr Banton won his fight to have the expensive palliative drug Alimta subsidised by the government.
And just a day after his death, construction started on a $12 million facility to fight asbestos diseases at Sydney's Concord Hospital. It is named in his honour.
Tomorrow's funeral begins at 10.30am (AEDT).
RailCorp will put on extra train services from Lidcombe to Sydney Olympic Park between 9am (AEDT) and 2pm.
Aussies slipping against OECD students
The study, which examined the classroom performance of 400,000 15-year-old students in OECD nations between July and September this year, showed the Australians performed above the OECD average but have slipped in two of three main academic areas.
The results were dragged down by poor performances by indigenous students and those from a low socio-economic background, Fairfax newspapers reported today.
Students' reading, mathematic and scientific literacy were tested in the OECD's Program for International Student Assessment, released yesterday.
Only Finland, Hong Kong and Canada significantly outperformed Australia.
Australian students improved their ranking in scientific literacy, rising from fifth place in the last survey to fourth.
But their comparative reading ability declined, with Australian students in sixth place for reading literacy levels, down from second in 2000 and third in 2003.
Victoria was the worst performing mainland state. Its results were above the OECD average, but it ranked sixth in the country in each of the three test areas, beating only Tasmania and the Northern Territory.
“Something is happening in Victoria that's making Victoria perform at a lower level than NSW,” Geoff Masters, the chief executive of the Australian Council of Educational Research, told Fairfax.
“It's probably not starting age or the year that they transfer from primary to secondary school.
“The question we should be asking is: Is it something to do with the quality of teaching? Maybe not. Is it something to do with the curriculum? We don't know
Economy 'at full stretch'
Economists warn the national accounts data due to be released today will show Australia's economy is too strong for its own good.
The September quarter national accounts, containing the all important gross domestic product (GDP) reading, will be released just hours after the Reserve Bank of Australia (RBA) announces if it has decided to lift interest rates.
Economists expect GDP accelerated 1.0 per cent in the three months to September, lifting the annual rate to a racy 4.8 per cent.
But it is widely forecast that the RBA will hold off any decision on rates until February.
Access Economics director Chris Richardson says the national accounts are the most comprehensive measure of how the Australian economy is going.
“It will give us essentially the good news that the Australian economy is growing fast, that we've been been picking up for a while and even though the drought remains a rotten one, the Australian economy is growing at speed,” he told ABC Radio.
But Mr Richardson warned the economy could be growing too fast.
“We have a problem of too much success at the moment – too much demand chasing around the Australian economy … our problem now is we are already at full stretch.”
Westpac senior economist Anthony Thompson agrees.
“We're expecting growth of 1.0 per cent for the quarter – that'd give you an annual rate getting close to five per cent now and that's clearly in our view beyond the long term speed limits of growth for our economy before you ignite inflation figures,” he told ABC Radio.
Dr Shane Oliver from AMP Capital Investors said there were other concerns too.
“Also just as worryingly the trade imbalance – in other words the gap between imports and exports – is running at about the worst it's ever been,” he told ABC radio.
Dr Oliver said the new Australian government should put its focus on tightening fiscal policy.
“I think the most important thing the new government can do on fiscal policy is look for savings,” he said.
“Obviously the government will be keen to fulfill their election promises but if they can find savings to reduce the amount of fiscal stimulus going into the economy, I think that would take a lot of pressure of the Reserve Bank.”
Labor's promised $31 billion in tax cuts should also be dumped, he said.
“In an ideal world it would be great not to have the tax cuts coming through but I think that we all realise that this is not an ideal world.”
RBA leaves rates unchanged
The central bank's board met for the last time this year today to discuss monetary policy.
It announced today that the cash rate would remain unchanged at 6.75 per cent.
The decision was widely expected.
Financial market economists predict the bank won't move again until next year, perhaps as early as February following the release of the next set of quarterly inflation figures.
In a statement accompanying the bank's decision today, governor Glenn Stevens said inflation remained a concern.
“The board remains concerned about the outlook for inflation,” he said.
“But given the heightened uncertainty about the international outlook and the local trends in wholesale borrowing costs, both of which could have a bearing on inflation over the medium term, it judged that the current stance of monetary policy should be maintained for the time being.”
This is the first time the central bank has released a statement explaining its reasoning when it has left rates unchanged.
Mr Stevens said the decision to release a statement today was part of a move by the Reserve Bank to be more transparent.
“As part of wider changes to communication practices which the board has adopted, it was further decided that a statement explaining the decision would be released,” he said.
Mr Stevens said also that recent data continued to indicate strength in demand and output in Australia, with the economy having little surplus capacity.
He said the annualised rate of inflation, as measured by the consumer price index and underlying measures, was likely to be above three per cent in the first half of 2008, and to decline somewhat thereafter.
The outlook was in line with the bank's last quarterly statement on monetary policy released in November.
“Sentiment in global credit markets has deteriorated recently after an earlier improvement and prospects for growth in the major economies appear to be weakening. It is unclear to what extent that will affect Asia, where conditions at this point look quite strong,” Mr Stevens said.
“But overall, it now appears likely that global growth will be closer to trend in 2008, after several years of above trend growth.
“High prices for food, energy and natural resources, however, continue to pose a significant risk to inflation around the world.”
He said that in Australia, the pressures arising from the global financial market turmoil have been less pronounced.
The flow of credit to “sound” borrowers did not appear to have been impaired.
“Nonetheless borrowing costs have risen appreciably since mid year, particularly for business borrowers, as a result both of changes in monetary policy and market-driven increases in funding costs for intermediaries,” Mr Stevens added.
“Depending on conditions in wholesale markets in the near term, some further rise in rates charged to borrowers may yet occur.
“These developments will help to contain private demand over the period ahead.”
PM wants more accountability
Mr Rudd has admitted he failed to live up to one of his pre-election promises to release his ministerial code of conduct before polling day, but said this would happen after tomorrow's cabinet meeting.
The code was important to restoring the Westminster system that relied on ministerial accountability, something which was lacking during the Howard years, he said.
“It's just a complex document and and you're right, I did say that before the election and I don't hide from the fact it's taken a little bit longer than I thought,” Mr Rudd told Southern Cross radio today.
He said Labor's parliamentary standards “absolutely” would be higher than the Howard government's.
Mr Rudd said he could not understand “through the $300 million
`Wheat for Weapons' scandal that, whereby Australia became the largest source of illicit foreign funding to Saddam Hussein's regime, that no minister, no minister was held accountable or responsible for that gross failure.”
He said advice was being prepared on whether his government would pursue the AWB Iraq wheat scandal and why former foreign minister Alexander Downer or trade minister Mark Vaile were not stood down.
“Ministerial accountability means precisely that, they should be responsible to the parliament for their actions. They're responsible for the operation of their department as well,” he said.
Mr Rudd said he was determined to have good, sound principles of public administration.
“The first meeting of full ministry within hours of being sworn in, we went through some of these basic principles,” he said.
What I say is immensely important than who I am. Let the search be for the meaning and substance in my words rather than the intricacies of my existence.
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Sponge on the Run: Paramount debuts new SpongeBob movie trailer
November 15, 2019 Jason Nason Entertainment 0
It’s been an interesting week for Paramount Animation. Not only was there some news of several upcoming animated films from Paramount getting shuffled around, but we got two trailers for upcoming animated films.
On Tuesday the world was officially introduced to the redesigned Sonic the Hedgehog in the brand new trailer for the upcoming film. Spoiler alert: it looks amazing. Then the very next day Paramount releases a poster for the third SpongeBob SquarePants movie, unveils a new name for the film, and announces that the trailer will premiere on Thursday.
Insert excited Jonah Hill animated gif here!
The third Spongebob film will officially be called The SpongeBob Movie: Sponge on the Run and will arrive in theatres on May 20th, 2020.
SpongeBob SquarePants, his best friend Patrick Star and the rest of the gang from Bikini Bottom hit the big screen in the first-ever all CGI SpongeBob motion picture event. After SpongeBob’s beloved pet snail Gary is snail-napped, he and Patrick embark on an epic adventure to The Lost City of Atlantic City to bring Gary home. As they navigate the delights and dangers on this perilous and hilarious rescue mission, SpongeBob and his pals prove there’s nothing stronger than the power of friendship.
The third film looks like it retains some of the 3D style that was introduced in the back half of the last film, Sponge out of Water. The film has a look and feel of stop motion animation, somewhat akin to the way that the Aardman animated films transitioned from claymation to computer animation. The style actually looks pretty good.
While you wait for the new film, you can catch the first flick in the series The SpongeBob SquarePants Movie on both Netflix and for freel on Tubi.
In the other Paramount Animation news, according to Deadline upcoming animated feature Rumble, a co-production with WWE Studios and featuring voices of WWE Superstars, has been pushed back from July 2020 until January 29th, 2021. The studio has also pulled the planned Rugrats live-action pic with CGI characters from the release calendar, though didn’t cite the reason for the move. Another Untitled Paramount Animation picture that had been set for February 12th, 2021 has now switched to undated. The move is likely due to the move of Rumble to the month before this date. It’s unknown if this will move up the untitled film or push it back further.
About Jason Nason 1900 Articles
I'm the editor of Hamilton-Today.com and I love the city of Hamilton. From sports to entertainment, local events and the politics of the city, I will try to bring it here to you!
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November 13, 2017 November 15, 2017 dhanviservicesLeave a Comment on High Courts
There are 24 High Courts at the state and union domain level of India, which together with the Supreme Court of India at the national level, contain the nation’s legal framework. Every High Court has locale over an express, a union domain or a gathering of states and union regions. Beneath the High Courts is a chain of command of subordinate courts, for example, the common courts, family courts, criminal courts and different other locale courts. High Courts are initiated as protected courts under Part VI, Chapter V, Article 214 of the Indian Constitution.
The High Courts are the central common courts of unique purview in each state and union region. Nonetheless, a High Court practices its unique common and criminal ward just if the subordinate courts are not approved by law to attempt such issues for absence of monetary, regional locale. High courts may likewise appreciate unique locale in specific issues if so assigned particularly in a state or government law.
Below Showing The List Of High Courts By State Wise:-
Click Here For High Court Official Website
In any case, crafted by most High Courts fundamentally comprises of bids from bring down courts and writ petitions as far as Article 226 of the constitution. Writ locale is likewise unique purview of High Court. The exact regional locale of every High Court differs. The interest arrange is the accompanying: tehsil-kotwali-criminal/civil courts – region – high court – suprime court.
Each state is isolated into legal areas directed by a District and Sessions Judge. He is known as a District Judge when he manages a common case, and a Sessions Judge when he directs a criminal case. He is the most noteworthy legal specialist underneath a High Court judge. Beneath him, there are courts of common ward, known by various names in various states. Under Article 141 of the Constitution, all courts in India (which incorporates High Courts) are bound by the judgments and requests of the Supreme Court of India by priority.
Judges in a High Court are named by the President of India in counsel with the Chief Justice of India and the legislative head of the state. High Courts are going by a Chief Justice. The Chief Justices are positioned fourteenth (in their state) and seventeenth (outside their state) in the Indian request of priority. The quantity of judges in a court is chosen by separating the normal establishment of primary cases amid the most recent five years by the national normal, or the normal rate of transfer of principle cases per judge every year in that High Court, whichever is higher.
The Calcutta High Court is the most seasoned High Court in the nation, built up on 2 July 1862. High Courts that handle a substantial number of instances of a specific district have lasting seats built up there. Seats are additionally present in states which go under the ward of a court outside its regional points of confinement. Littler states with few cases may have circuit seats built up. Circuit seats (known as circuit courts in a few sections of the world) are transitory courts which hold procedures for a couple of chose a very long time in a year. Along these lines cases developed amid this interval period are judged when the circuit court is in session. As per an examination led by Bengaluru-construct NGO Daksh in light of 21 high courts as a team with Ministry of Law and Justice (India) in March 2016, it was discovered that normal pendency of a case in High courts in India is 3 years.
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Andaman And Nicobar Islands News Papers And News Websites
East India News Papers And News Websites
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Computer cooling system operable under the force of gravity in first orientation and against the force of gravity in second orientation
A two-phase liquid cooling system utilizes and evaporator unit for vaporizing a liquid coolant and a condenser unit for condensing the coolant vapor. The unit is capable of operating in at least two orientations: in one orientation, the condenser is located vertically above the evaporator and condensed coolant returns from the condenser to the evaporator under the force of gravity. In another orientation, the evaporator is located vertically above the condenser and the liquid coolant is returned to the evaporator by a stream of bubbles rising in a tube connecting the evaporator and the condenser. The stream of bubbles is produced by a small heater which is operated by a gravity controlled switch. A check valve is provided to insure that the bubble stream moves in the proper direction. The cooling system has at least one wall with sufficient flexibility that the wall expands as the coolant vapor expands thereby maintaining the internal container pressure substantially the same as the ambient environmental pressure.
Phillips, Richard J. (Alachua, FL)
Larson, Ralph I. (Bolton, MA)
Aavid Laboratories, Inc. (South Lancaster, MA)
361/679.47
62/259.2, 165/104.29, 165/104.33, 361/679.53, 361/700
F28D15/02; G06F1/20; H05K7/20; (IPC1-7): H05K7/20; F28D15/02
361/683, 361/687, 361/689, 361/699, 361/700, 165/46, 165/104.33, 165/104.22, 165/104.23, 165/104.24, 165/80.4, 165/104.29, 174/15.2, 62/259.2
5249358 Jet impingment plate and method of making 1993-10-05 Tousignant et al. 298/900.3
5206791 Bellows heat pipe apparatus for cooling systems 1993-04-27 Novotny 361/700
5203399 Heat transfer apparatus 1993-04-20 Koizumi 165/104.33
5168919 Air cooled heat exchanger for multi-chip assemblies 1992-12-08 Bereholz et al. 165/80.4
5046552 Flow-through heat transfer apparatus with movable thermal via 1991-09-10 Tousignant 165/46
5000256 Heat transfer bag with thermal via 1991-03-19 Tousignant 165/46
4997034 Heat exchanger 1991-03-05 Steffen et al. 165/104.34
4997032 Thermal transfer bag 1991-03-05 Danielson et al. 165/46
4995451 Evaporator having etched fiber nucleation sites and method of fabricating same 1991-02-26 Hamburgen 228/119
4971138 Bladder thermosyphon 1990-11-20 Lowenstein 165/46
4951740 Bellows heat pipe for thermal control of electronic components 1990-08-28 Peterson et al. 165/32
4912548 Use of a heat pipe integrated with the IC package for improving thermal performance 1990-03-27 Shanker et al. 257/15
4847731 Liquid cooled high density packaging for high speed circuits 1989-07-11 Smolley 361/700
4787843 Pressure balanced heat pipe 1988-11-29 Huffman 432/91
4333517 Heat exchange method using natural flow of heat exchange medium 1982-06-08 Parro 165/1
4330033 Constant pressure type ebullient cooling equipment 1982-05-18 Okada et al. 165/104.27
4295342 Heat exchange method using natural flow of heat exchange medium 1981-10-20 Parro 62/119
4212347 Unfurlable heat pipe 1980-07-15 Eastman 165/46
4095090 Electrically-heated container 1978-06-13 Pianezza 219/441
4057963 Heat pipe capable of operating against gravity and structures utilizing same 1977-11-15 Basiulis 606/417
3863710 HEAT EXCHANGE SYSTEM 1975-02-04 Masters 165/46
3741292 LIQUID ENCAPSULATED AIR COOLED MODULE 1973-06-26 Aakalu et al. 165/1
3682237 SEMICONDUCTOR COOLING SYSTEM AND METHOD 1972-08-08 Islo 165/32
3613773 CONSTANT TEMPERATURE OUTPUT HEAT PIPE 1971-10-19 Hall et al. 165/32
3604503 HEAT PIPES 1971-09-14 Feldman et al. 165/96
3517730 CONTROLLABLE HEAT PIPE 1970-06-30 Wyatt 165/32
3402761 Controllable heat pipe apparatus 1968-09-24 Swet 165/32
3332476 Carburetor cooling means 1967-07-25 McDougal 165/51
3256703 Compact liquid heat exchanger 1966-06-21 Selwitz 62/37
2961476 Electrical apparatus 1960-11-22 Maslin et al. 154/15.1
Foreign References:
JP53145141 December, 1978
JP5414169 February, 1979
JP5766653 April, 1982
JP0019754 January, 1989
JP58119659 January, 1989 FORMATION OF HEAT PIPE TYPE HEAT CONNECTING ELEMENT STRUCTURE AND COOLING STRUCTURE
JP0267792 March, 1990
GB785461A 1957-10-30
JPS6419754A 1989-01-23
JPH0267792A 1990-03-07
JPS58119659A 1983-07-16
Other References:
Controlling Pressure Changes in a Liquid Encapsulated Module, N. G. Aakalu et al., IBM Technical Disclosure Bulletin, vol. 14, Jan. 1972, p. 2533.
Nicholas Baran, Liquid-Cooled PCs: The Next Hot Thing, BYTE, No. 2 Feb. 1994.
GANDHI, JAYPRAKASH N
MARTIN B. PAVANE, ESQ. (COHEN,PONTANI,LIEBERMAN & PAVANE 551 FIFTH AVE, SUITE 1210, NEW YORK, NY, 10176, US)
1. Apparatus for cooling a heat dissipating component, the apparatus being capable of operating in a first orientation and in a second orientation, the apparatus comprising:
an evaporator unit having a first thermally conductive wall in thermal contact with the heat dissipating component;
a condenser unit located vertically above the evaporator unit in the first orientation and vertically below the evaporator unit in the second orientation;
a first conduit connecting the evaporator unit and the condenser unit;
a second conduit connecting the condenser unit to the evaporator unit to form a hermetic enclosure with an interior;
a liquid coolant disposed within the hermetic enclosure interior, the liquid coolant having a sufficiently low boiling point that the liquid coolant is changed to a vapor by the heat dissipated from the heat dissipating component; and
a heater operative only in the second orientation for heating a portion of the hermetic enclosure sufficiently to cause bubbles of coolant vapor to form and rise in the first conduit.
2. Cooling apparatus according to claim 1 wherein the heater heats the liquid coolant in a portion of the condenser to cause bubbles of coolant vapor to form and rise in the first conduit.
3. Cooling apparatus according to claim 1 wherein the heater heats the liquid coolant in a portion of the first conduit to cause bubbles of coolant vapor to from and rise in the first conduit.
4. Cooling apparatus according to claim 1 further comprising a check valve responsive to the coolant vapor bubbles for forcing the coolant vapor bubbles to move in the first conduit in a predetermined direction.
5. Cooling apparatus according to claim 4 wherein, when the cooling apparatus is operating in the second orientation, the check valve is responsive to liquid coolant for allowing the liquid coolant to move in a direction opposite to the predetermined direction.
6. Cooling apparatus according to claim 4 wherein, when the cooling apparatus is operating in the first orientation, the check valve is responsive to liquid coolant for allowing the liquid coolant to move in the predetermined direction.
7. Cooling apparatus according to claim 4 wherein, when the cooling apparatus is operating in the first orientation, the check valve is responsive to coolant vapor for allowing the coolant vapor to move in the predetermined direction.
8. Cooling apparatus according to claim 1 wherein the heater is responsive to the force of gravity for heating a portion of the hermetic enclosure.
9. Cooling apparatus according to claim 8 wherein the heater comprises an electrical heating coil and a gravity-operated switch.
10. Apparatus for cooling a heat dissipating component, the apparatus being capable of operating in a first orientation and in a second orientation in an environment with an ambient pressure over a temperature range, the apparatus comprising:
a second conduit connecting the condenser unit to the evaporator unit to form a hermetic enclosure with an interior and an internal pressure, the hermetic enclosure having at least one wall which is sufficiently flexible that the internal pressure remains substantially at the ambient pressure over the entire temperature range;
a liquid coolant disposed within tile hermetic enclosure interior, the liquid coolant having a sufficiently low boiling point that the liquid coolant is changed to a vapor by the heat dissipated from the component; and
11. Cooling apparatus according to claim 10 wherein the heater heats a portion of the condenser to cause bubbles of coolant vapor to form and rise in the first conduit.
12. Cooling apparatus according to claim 10 wherein the heater heats a portion of the first conduit to cause bubbles of coolant vapor to form and rise in the first conduit.
13. Cooling apparatus according to claim 10 further comprising a check valve responsive to the coolant vapor bubbles for forcing the coolant vapor bubbles to move in the first conduit in a predetermined direction.
14. Cooling apparatus according to claim 13 wherein, when the cooling apparatus is operating in the second orientation, the check valve is responsive to liquid coolant for allowing the liquid coolant to move in a direction opposite to the predetermined direction.
15. Cooling apparatus according to claim 13 wherein, when the cooling apparatus is operating in the first orientation, the check valve is responsive to liquid coolant for allowing the liquid coolant to move in the predetermined direction.
16. Cooling apparatus according to claim 13 wherein the check valve comprises a bypass tube, and when the cooling apparatus is operating in the first orientation, the check valve is responsive to coolant vapor for allowing the coolant vapor to enter the condenser unit by means of the bypass tube.
17. Cooling apparatus according to claim 10 wherein the heater comprises an electrical heating coil and a gravity-operated switch.
18. Computer apparatus capable of operating in a first orientation and in a second orientation in an environment with an ambient pressure over a temperature range, the apparatus comprising:
a heat dissipating microprocessor;
a memory unit;
an evaporator unit having a first thermally conductive wall in contact with the microprocessor;
a second conduit connecting the condenser unit to the evaporator unit to form a hermetic enclosure with an interior and an internal pressure, the condenser unit having at least one wall which is sufficiently flexible that the internal pressure remains substantially at the ambient pressure over the entire temperature range;
a liquid coolant disposed within the hermetic enclosure interior, the liquid coolant having a sufficiently low boiling point that the liquid coolant is changed to a vapor by the heat dissipated from the microprocessor; and
a heater operative only in the second orientation for heating a portion of the first conduit sufficiently to cause bubbles of coolant vapor to form and rise in the first conduit.
19. Computer apparatus according to claim 18 further comprising a check valve responsive to the coolant vapor bubbles for preventing the coolant vapor bubbles from entering the condenser unit from the first conduit when the computer apparatus is operating in the second orientation.
This invention relates, in general, to cooling apparatus for heat dissipating components including electronic devices, such as discrete electronic components and integrated circuit chips, and, in particular, to a cooling apparatus which utilizes both a liquid phase and a vapor phase of a coolant to provide enhanced heat transfer.
Traditional methods of cooling various components, such as electrical components, have often involved air convection cooling. In such cooling, heat dissipated by an electronic component is transferred to the surrounding air which carries the heat to an ultimate sink, generally, the room in which the component is located. The heat transfer process can be enhanced by increasing the surface area of contact between the component and the air, for example by using fins on the component or by mounting the component on a heat sink to which heat is transferred by conduction and which then dissipates heat by convection. The heat sink may itself have fins to promote convection. In addition, convection may occur by natural air circulation or by forcing the air to circulate by means of fans or blowers. Such traditional air convection cooling functions well, but has significant limitations.
For example, as modern day electronic equipment has become more sophisticated and more compact, electronic component density has steadily increased: this trend has been mirrored in integrated circuit packages in which functionality has been increased without a corresponding increase in package size by greatly increasing the number and density of active devices, such as transistors, within the packages.
As the number of active devices has increased within a fixed package volume, heat dissipated by these devices has also increased to the point where, in many modern day devices, the power density is so high that conventional air convection cooling methods, even using forced air circulation, cannot remove the dissipated heat sufficiently fast in order to keep the circuit package within its allowed operating temperature range. Further, forced air convection cooling methods also have practical limits because the high air flow required to provide sufficient cooling in many high-powered systems can create an unacceptable noise level in a relatively quite environment such as an office.
Consequently, several liquid cooling techniques have conventionally been used with high-power electronic components. These techniques generally fall into two broad groups comprising single phase and two phase cooling systems. In a single phase liquid cooling system, the liquid coolant remains as a liquid over the normal operating range of the system. This is in contrast to a two phase cooling system in which the liquid coolant changes from its liquid phase to a vapor phase during at least one point in the normal operating range.
An example of a single phase liquid cooling system which uses natural convection comprises a hermetic enclosure which encloses the heat-generating component device. The enclosure may be provided with external fins and is filled with a conductive liquid coolant. Heat is transferred from the heat dissipating component to the coolant mainly by conduction and from the coolant to the enclosure by natural convection. The enclosure itself may be cooled by circulating air around the outside of the enclosure. Such a cooling method is effective but involves additional problems, such as chemical incompatibilities between the component and the coolant and difficulty of maintaining the component.
Other single phase cooling systems do not immerse the heat-generating component directly in the liquid coolant, but instead confine the coolant in a container. Heat is conducted from the generating component through the container wall into the liquid coolant which then dissipates the heat by natural convection. An example of such a cooling system uses a sealed flexible bag which is filled with a liquid coolant. The bag may be constructed from a flexible plastic film which is relatively impermeable to both air and the liquid coolant. The bag is placed in contact with the heat-dissipating component and, since the bag is flexible, it conforms to the component shape and heat is transferred through the relatively thin plastic film to the coolant. Other embodiments of this type of system use metal inserts to more efficiently conduct the heat from heat-dissipating component to the coolant. Examples of coolant bag systems are shown in U.S. Pat. Nos. 4,997,032 and 5,000,256.
While such single phase systems can be useful in many situations, their heat transfer rate is still relatively low, and, consequently, they cannot be used with a high-power electronic components unless they have a relatively large volume which is incompatible with most compact electronic systems available today.
Single phase forced convection designs have also been used. In these latter designs, the heat-dissipating component is located inside a small enclosure through which liquid coolant is pumped. The coolant is generally recirculated between the component enclosure and a liquid-air heat exchanger (occasionally a liquid-liquid heat exchanger is used) where the heat is dissipated by either natural or forced convection. These latter cooling systems can dissipate large amounts of heat, but are subject to leaks and require pumps for operation.
Consequently, two phase liquid cooling systems have been used to overcome the problems of single phase systems. In a conventional two phase cooling system, a low boiling point liquid coolant is used; the liquid is vaporized or boiled by heat dissipated by the electronic component and the vapor travels to a condenser. In the condenser the coolant vapor is converted back into a liquid and the liquid is then returned to the heat dissipating component so that the boiling/condensing cycle can be repeated.
An example of a two phase device in which the heat dissipating component is directly immersed in the coolant is shown in U.S. Pat. No. 3,741,292. The heat dissipating component is located in a hermetic enclosure which contains a sufficient pool of low boiling point dielectric liquid coolant to partially fill the enclosure and immerse the heat dissipating component. The liquid is evaporated and the heat dissipated by the component and the resulting vapor is collected in the enclosure space located above the liquid pool. This enclosure space can have fins extending inwardly into the enclosure which fins serve as a condenser for the coolant vapor. The enclosure is also equipped with external fins which serve as an air cooled heat sink to cool the enclosure. As the vapor condenses it runs back into the liquid pool under the influence of gravity.
Another type of two phase cooling system which does not directly immerse the component in the coolant is a heat pipe system. A heat pipe consists of an elongated, hermetic container with thermally conductive walls, for example, a copper pipe is often used. One end of the container acts as an evaporator and the other end acts as a condenser. A wick or other capillary device extends along the length of the container - if a copper pipe is used, the wick often consists of a fine mesh screen extending along the inside of the pipe. The container is partially filled with a low boiling point liquid coolant and the residual non-condensing gases are purged. More particularly, during construction of the heat pipe, the air which normally fills the container is purged by boiling the coolant to drive off the air. The container is then sealed.
The evaporator end is mounted next to the heat dissipating component and heat is transferred by conduction through the container wall of the device. As the coolant evaporates or boils, the resulting vapor travels down the container to the condenser end where it condenses back to a liquid. The liquid is returned to the evaporator end by means of the wick (or alternatively by gravity).
The direct immersion enclosure and the heat pipe can transfer heat efficiently away from a heat dissipating component, but also have limitations. More specifically, both the direct immersion enclosure and indirect heat pipe two phase devices utilize rigid, hermetically sealed containers and, thus, the internal pressure of the devices does not remain equal to the ambient environmental pressure. For example, in a heat pipe device, most of the non-condensable residual gas is purged during manufacture to prevent excessive pressures in the device in the normal temperature operating range. Consequently, when the device is not operating, there usually exists a slight vacuum in the device at normal ambient temperature. Accordingly, the device is prone to leaks, and, if a leak occurs, air will be drawn into the device. Later, when the device is operating, the increased pressure produced by the air may drive some of the liquid out of the container. Consequently, the devices are not reliable in an environment where long term maintenance is impossible.
Further, due to the fact that the container walls are rigid, as the liquid coolant vaporizes, the pressure inside the prior art devices increases, in turn, increasing the coolant boiling point. The increase in boiling point is exacerbated by the presence of residual air and air introduced into the system by leaks. Consequently, the coolant liquid within the devices does not have a single boiling point but rather a range of boiling points and the devices do not operate at a single temperature but instead operate over a relatively broad range of temperatures.
Further, such devices are often subject to a phenomenon called "overshoot". Overshoot occurs during device warmup because the liquid coolant does not begin to boil when it reaches its boiling point. Instead, the liquid temperature continues to increase until the temperature is significantly over the normal coolant boiling temperature and boiling suddenly erupts. When boiling finally does occur, the device temperature returns to its normal operating temperature range. Overshoot is highly undesirable as it stresses the components to be cooled and, in some cases, may cause a component to temporarily operate outside its normal operating temperature range.
In addition, two-phase cooling devices which rely solely on gravity to return condensate to an evaporation area suffer from the additional drawback that they can only operate in a limited range of orientations. That is, if the vapor condenses in a region that is "downhill" from the evaporation area, condensate will not return to the evaporation region, phase-change cooling will not take place, and catastrophic device failure may result. Although a wick may be employed to return condensate to the evaporation area, a wick will provide only limited transport capacity. It is also possible to use a pump to provide sufficient condensate-delivery capacity, but only at the price of additional expense and complexity.
Accordingly, it is an object of the present invention to provide a cooling system for electronic components which has a high heat transfer rate and can maintain the electronic component within a relatively narrow temperature range. Additional objects achieved by various embodiments of the invention are to provide cooling systems which do not require maintenance, are reliable over a long time period and which are not subject to overshoot. A further object is to provide a cooling system which can operate even if it is turned "upside-down".
The foregoing problems are solved and the foregoing objects are achieved in illustrative embodiments of the invention in which a two phase liquid cooling system has a structure in which the internal pressure of the system remains substantially equal to the ambient environmental pressure over the entire thermal operating range. Operation without an internal pressure change is achieved by constructing the system with at least one flexible container wall. The wall has sufficient flexibility that the wall expands as the coolant vapor expands thereby maintaining the internal container pressure substantially the same as the ambient pressure. Consequently, the liquid coolant boils within a single, very narrow temperature range and the inventive device can maintain a heat dissipating device with that range.
In one embodiment of the invention, the cooling system consists of a rigid evaporator unit which is attached to the heat dissipating component and a condenser unit. The evaporator unit and the condenser unit are connected together by rigid or semi-flexible tubes. The condenser is constructed with at least one wall that is sufficiently flexible to maintain the internal pressure of the system substantially at the ambient pressure. In addition, residual, non-condensing gases such as air are not purged from the system, but remain in the system so that when the device is not operating, the internal pressure remains, near to, or substantially at ambient pressure. Thus, the inventive device is not prone to the leaking problem that is found in prior art heat pipes.
In other embodiments of the invention, the overshoot problem of the prior art devices is reduced by allowing residual gases to remain in the cooling system. More particularly, sufficient residual gas is maintained in the system so that some of the gas dissolves in the liquid coolant when the device is not operating and is at ambient temperature. During warmup, the residual gas comes out of solution and creates nucleation sites that initiate boiling and prevent overshoot. Additional nucleation sites can also be added to reduce overshoot by treating the inside surface of the evaporator unit, for example by laser machining, to create nucleation sites.
More particularly, in accordance with another aspect of the invention, the rigid evaporator can be either an integral part of the component package or a separate part which is attached to the component package. The evaporator unit and the condenser unit are interconnected via one or more flexible pipes which can be preferably made o plastic tubing. In operation, the coolant liquid is evaporated or boiled in the evaporator unit and travels to the condenser unit where the liquid condenses. The condensed liquid is returned to the evaporator unit by gravity.
In a further embodiment which is useful for those component applications where gravity may not return condensate to the evaporator unit (for example, if the cooler is used in a computer that may operate in either one orientation or in a second inverted orientation), the invention employs a heater to create a frothing action which returns condensate to the evaporator unit against the force of gravity and a valve and bypass mechanism to ensure that the coolant vapor and liquid circulate in a direction that ensures proper operation of the cooler.
In accordance with another aspect of the invention, the condenser unit can be made entirely of a polymeric material. For example, the condenser may be entirely constructed of thin, flexible polymeric films or sheets. Alternatively, a portion of the condenser can be constructed of thicker polymeric material by means of injection molding or blow molding and the remaining portions constructed of flexible polymeric material films in order to provide a flexible wall to maintain the internal pressure equivalent to the ambient pressure.
In accordance with another embodiment of the invention, a portion of the condenser can be constructed of sheet, or molded, metal or plastic formed with fins for enhanced heat transfer and a thin polymeric sheet is sealed to the metal condenser portion to provide a flexible wall.
The above and further advantages of the invention may be better understood by referring to the following description in conjunction with the accompanying drawings, in which:
FIG. 1 is a schematic top view of an electrical component system, such as might be used in a personal computer, which system includes a plurality of expansion boards and incorporates one embodiment of the present invention including an evaporator and a condenser.
FIG. 2 is a side view of the printed circuit board shown in FIG. 1 with some of the expansion boards removed to show the condenser unit.
FIG. 3 is a front view of the printed circuit board with some of the expansion boards removed to illustrate the condenser and its fins.
FIG. 4 is an exploded view of the evaporator unit illustrating one manner of assembling the evaporator unit.
FIG. 5 is an assembled view of the evaporator unit.
FIG. 6 is a side view of the evaporator unit mounted on the heat dissipating component illustrating the use of clips to hold the evaporator on the component.
FIG. 7 is a partial sectional view of the evaporator unit illustrating the manner of attaching the clips to the evaporator unit and to the component.
FIG. 8 is a top view of one embodiment of a heat spreader plate showing heat spreading fins formed by grooves cut in the plate.
FIG. 9 is a partial cross sectional view of the evaporator unit illustrating an alternative method of assembling the unit.
FIG. 10 is a schematic cross sectional plan view of the condenser unit taken along the section lines 10--10 in FIG. 3.
FIG. 11A is a partial cross sectional view of an embodiment of the condenser unit which is entirely comprised of flexible walls.
FIG. 11B is a partial cross section through a multi-layer flexible sheet as might be used in the flexible walls.
FIG. 12 is a partial cross sectional view of an embodiment of the condenser unit which is comprised partially of rigid walls and partially of flexible walls.
FIG. 13 is a perspective view illustrating an embodiment in which a condenser unit 8 with a circular cross section is mounted on top of the evaporator unit.
FIG. 14 is a perspective exploded view illustrating an embodiment in which a condenser unit 8 utilizes forced air flow.
FIG. 15 is a perspective view illustrating the embodiment shown in FIG. 14 in assembled form.
FIG. 16 is a plot of temperature versus time of the temperature of a heat dissipating component which is cooled with one embodiment of the present invention.
FIG. 17A is a partial cross sectional plan view of the condenser unit and coolant tubes in combination with a side view of the evaporator unit, a check valve and heater coil of one embodiment of the invention which can operate in several positions.
FIG. 17B is a partial cross sectional enlarged view of the bypass valve used in the embodiment of FIG. 17A illustrating the position of the internal parts.
FIG. 18A is a partial cross sectional plan view of the embodiment shown in FIG. 17A operating in an orientation inverted from the FIG. 17A orientation.
FIG. 18B is a partial cross sectional enlarged view of the check valve illustrating the position of the internal parts when the embodiment is operating in the orientation illustrated in FIG. 18A.
FIG. 19 is a partial perspective view of the one-way check valve used in the bypass valve illustrated in FIGS. 17B and 18B.
FIG. 20 is a cross-sectional diagram of a vapor/condensate line illustrating the pumping action of rising vapor bubbles.
DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF ILLUSTRATIVE EMBODIMENTS
FIG. 1 is a schematic top view of a main printed circuit board or "mother board" of the type that is commonly used in a personal computer system. FIGS. 2 and 3 show the side and front views of mother board 1, respectively. Mother board 1 has a number of components mounted thereon which comprise the personal computer circuitry. A power supply is shown schematically as box 2 and a disc drive is shown schematically as box 3. In addition, mother board 1 would normally be populated with many integrated circuit chips which are not shown in FIG. 1 for clarity. Typically, one or more of such integrated circuit chips would be high-power chips and would be candidates for one or more of the cooling devices of the present invention. Such high-power chips might, for example, comprise the microprocessor of the personal computer system.
In a conventional personal computer system, empty card slots are provided for "expansion cards" which can be inserted by the user to add additional features to the computer. In FIG. 1, a number of expansion card boards 4 are shown inserted into sockets 9 and 13. Each of the boards has a plurality of integrated circuit chips 14 mounted thereon. Boards 4 have been omitted from the side and front views of FIGS. 2 and 3 in order to expose the condenser unit 8 of the present invention. Although several boards 4 are shown inserted into mother board 1 in FIG. 1, it should be understood that, in a typical computer system, there may be no expansion boards inserted in the slots or all of the slots may be filled with expansion boards.
As will hereinafter be explained in detail, in one preferred embodiment of the invention, the condenser unit 8 of the inventive cooling system is designed to fit into an empty expansion card socket 9, thereby fixing the condenser unit 8 in a vertical position which is ideal for coolant drainage and to allow optimum air circulation around fins 11. FIG. 2 shows a side view of the mother board 1 shown in FIG. 1 which illustrates the condenser unit 8 construction in more detail.
As shown in FIG. 2, condenser unit 8 is equipped with fins 11 which increase the surface area and aid in transferring heat between the condenser unit 8 and the surrounding air. Typically, fins 11 are hollow and communicate with the interior of the condenser unit 8 so that the fins also increase the amount of surface area presented to the coolant vapor within the condenser unit 8, thereby increasing the heat transfer from the vapor to the condenser unit 8.
FIG. 3 shows a front view of the mother board 1 with the expansion cards 13 removed illustrating the condenser unit 8. The condenser unit 8 is shown with fins 11 on one side however, fins may be mounted on one or both sides of the condenser unit 8. In addition, hook 12 is formed at the top of the condenser unit 8, which hook allows the condenser unit 8 to be hung from the top of an existing expansion board if no empty expansion slot sockets are available (hook 12 has been omitted from FIG. 1 to illustrate fins 11).
The evaporator unit 5 of the inventive cooling system is illustratively shown mounted on top of a high-power integrated circuit chip 10 which is not visible in FIG. 1, but is shown in FIGS. 2 and 3. Evaporator unit 5 is connected to the condenser unit 8 by means of coolant tubes 6 and 7. Liquid coolant (not shown) in evaporator unit 5 is evaporated by heat dissipated by circuit 10 and the coolant vapor (not shown) is conveyed by vapor tube 6 to condenser unit 8 were the vapor condenses to a liquid and the liquid returns to the evaporator unit 5 via the condensate tube 7 under the influence of gravity.
FIG. 4 shows an exploded view of the evaporator unit 5. As previously mentioned, the evaporator unit 5 can be either an integral part of the electronic component package or manufactured separately and attached to the package. The construction illustrated in FIG. 4 is designed to be manufactured separately and attached to the component package during, or after, assembly of the printed circuit board 1.
The evaporator unit 5 consists of an evaporator cover 30 which may be made of metal or, preferably, polymeric material. The evaporator cover 30 has a recess 36 which receives a heat spreader plate 34 which conducts the heat generated by the heat dissipating component into the interior of the evaporator unit 5. The heat spreader plate 34 is sealed to the evaporator cover 30 by means of an 0-ring seal 32 which fits into groove 38 in cover 30. In the embodiment shown in FIG. 4, the heat spreader plate 34 and the evaporator cover 30 are fastened together by means of screws 40. Alternatively, it is also possible to attach the heat spreader plate 34 to the evaporator cover 30 by means of epoxy cement, compression seals or other arrangements.
The heat spreader plate 34 is also shown in more detail in FIG. 8 and can be smooth or flat in cooling systems designed for low-power components, however pin fins or tab fins may be used in high-power designs to help draw the coolant into the hottest areas of the spreader plate. In the design shown in FIGS. 4 and 8, heat spreader plate 34 has a raised portion 44 which fits into the recess 36 of the evaporator cover 30 and raised portion 44 may have slots 42 and 56 cut in it to increase the surface area and to from fins 62 in the plate surface. The heat spreader plate 34 is generally made of a high-conductivity material such as copper, diamond-copper composite, aluminum or, in some cases, high-conductivity plastic materials. The heat spreader plate 34 is provided with four threaded holes, 58, into which screws 40 are threaded to hold plate 34 to the evaporator unit cover 30.
The evaporator unit 5 can be attached to the integrated circuit chip 10 using a variety of conventional techniques. For example, the evaporator unit 5 can be attached to the chip 10 by epoxy cement, soldering, or contact pressure (applied by means of clips or springs). Thermal grease is typically employed to enhance the thermal conductivity between the evaporator unit 5 and the chip 10. It is also possible to make the evaporator cover 30 and the heat spreader plate 34 of porous materials in which case the evaporator unit 5 can be attached to the chip 10 by means of capillary suction forces.
Illustrative C-shaped clips or springs 52 and 54 are shown in FIG. 6 which clips attach the evaporator unit 5 to the chip 10. FIG. 7 shows a partial cross sectional view of the evaporator unit 5 showing a T-shaped channel 60 molded into the wall of the evaporator unit 5. Each C-shaped clip 52 has a T-shaped end 56 which fits into the channel 60 and fastens the clip to the evaporator unit 5. A right angle bend 57 at the lower part of each clip, such as clip 52, slips over the lower edge of chip 10 and holds the evaporator unit 5 firmly to the chip 10.
The evaporator unit 5 and the condenser unit 8 are connected together, via one or more tubes, of which tubes 6 and 7 are shown. Typically, these tubes are flexible and may preferably be made of flexible plastic tubing. Depending on the particular design, limitations on the evaporator unit height may limit the size of the pipes connected to it and it may be necessary to use two or more tubes for either or both of the vapor tubes and the condensate tubes in order obtain the necessary flow cross section. In general, the cross sectional area of the vapor tube 6 will be larger than the cross sectional area of the condensate tube 7 to insure a smooth flow and to insure that pressure does not build tip within the system. But, in those embodiments, described below, that employ frothing action to return condensate to an evaporation area, the cross-sectional area of the vapor tube 6 and condensate tube 7 is preferably equal. It is also possible to use vapor and condensate tubes which are co-extruded or coaxial, but generally, in this latter case, check valves must be used in either or both of the vapor tube 6 and the condensate tube 7 to prevent gases from flowing up or down the condensate tube 7 and to prevent liquid from flowing up or down the vapor tube 6. It is critical that both the vapor and condensate tubes remain open to fluid flow to avoid a pressure increase in the system. If, for example, a liquid blockage develops in a U-shaped section of the vapor tube, the pressure in the evaporator will increase and thereby increase the boiling point of the coolant. Consequently, the vapor and condensate tubes must be arranged such that a free flow of vapor and liquid occurs during the operation of the device.
FIG. 9 shows an alternative method of attaching an evaporator cover 30 comprised of polymeric material to the heat spreader plate 34. In particular, prior to assembly of the evaporator unit 5, the heat spreader plate 34 is coated with a vacuum-formed layer of polymeric material 65. Layer 65 allows the polymeric evaporator cover to be solvent welded to the polymeric layer 65. In particular, during assembly, a suitable solvent is applied to the lower edge 66 of evaporator cover 30 which then bonds to the upper surface 70 of plastic layer 65 to the lower edge 66 of the evaporator cover 30. Additional screws 40 can be provided to increase the mechanical integrity of the structure.
FIG. 10 shows an illustrative construction of the condenser unit 8 of the present invention. The condenser unit 8 is preferably constructed of polymeric material which is heat-sealed at locations 74 and 72 and shaped such that the condensate returns to the condensate line 7 under the influence of gravity. Condensate return is accomplished by making the bottom edge 80 of the condenser unit 8 slanted so that a "sump" area 82 is formed directly over the condensate tube 7.
A baffle 76 may be added to the condenser unit 8 so that vapor entering the condenser unit 8 from the vapor tube 6 passes directly upwards to the upper portion of the condenser unit 8 and does not mingle with the condensed liquid on entry to the condenser. The condenser unit 8 shown in FIG. 10 is provided with a tab 78 which can fit into an expansion slot socket on the mother board 1 as shown in FIGS. 1-3.
As previously mentioned, condenser unit 8 can be made of either thick or thin materials and can be injection-molded or blow-molded. Alternatively, where small size is desired, thin sheet materials can be used since there is a smaller thermal gradient across the material. FIG. 11A illustrates a partial cross section of an embodiment of the condenser unit 8 which is entirely comprised of flexible sheets of polymeric material. The polymeric material 100, which may, for example, be polypropylene, can be vacuum formed over a rigid mandrel (not shown) to form the fins 102. The distance 104 between the fins is selected in accordance with conventional convection theory to maximize heat transfer between the condenser unit and the surrounding environment. The width of the fins themselves is minimized in order to increase the heat transfer from the vapor in the condenser to the condenser walls. The vapor tube 6 mad the condensate tube 7 can be attached to the sheet material 100 by cementing the tubes or by suitable fittings 106.
Although only a single sheet (100) of flexible material is shown in FIG. 11A, the polymeric sheets may be multi-layered to limit gas permeability. For example, as shown in FIG. 11B, the polypropylene sheets illustrated in FIG. 11A may consist of a polypropylene sheet 100 covered on one side by a layer of vapor-deposited aluminum 101. The vapor deposited aluminum 101 may, in turn, be covered by a layer of polycarbonate or KAPTON® 103 to protect it.
It is also possible to form at least one wall of the condenser unit 8 of a thin gauge metal, for example aluminum, which metal can also be formed with fins for enhanced heat transfer. A thin flexible sheet can then be sealed to the metal wall to provide the flexible wall necessary for zero differential pressure operation. FIG. 12 illustrates a partial cross section of a further embodiment of the condenser unit which is partially comprised of a rigid material and partially comprised of a flexible sheet. The rigid part 122 of the condenser unit 120 may be comprised of a polymeric material such as polypropylene or may be comprised of a metal such as aluminum. Fins 124 may be molded into the rigid material as shown in FIG. 12 or the rigid condenser section may consist of a smooth plate. The flexible portion 126 of the condenser may be comprised of a sheet of polymeric material such as polypropylene, and may also have fins 128 molded into it. The flexible portion 126 is heat-sealed to the rigid portion 122 in the areas 130 and 132 to form a sealed unit. In the case of a two part condenser the vapor and condensate tubes, 6 and 7, are preferably connected to the rigid portion as shown in FIG. 12.
Condenser unit 8 may also have spatial configurations different from that shown in FIG. 10. For example, condenser unit 8 may be circular, or square in cross section. The condenser unit 8 can also be located in almost any expansion slot location as shown in FIGS. 1-3. In lap-top, portable notebook and sub notebook size computers, the condenser unit 8 may be located on the backside of a flip-up display screen typically found in such computers. A "chimney" enclosure can also be used to increase efficiency. Other locations for the condenser unit 8 include the inlet or outlet of the power supply box 2. In designs where vertical height is not a problem above the chip 10 that is to be cooled, it is also possible to mount the condenser unit 8 on top of the evaporator unit 5. Such a configuration is shown in FIG. 13 which illustrates a condenser with a circular cross section. In cases where space permits the condenser unit 8 to be mounted on top of the evaporator unit 5, the condenser unit 8 can also be made integral with the evaporator unit 5 thereby eliminating the need for the vapor and condensate tubes 6 and 7.
In addition, it is possible to use cooling system configurations in which the airflow over condenser unit 8 is forced by a fan. FIGS. 14 and 15 show an exploded and assembled view of such an illustrative configuration, respectively. The condenser unit 8 in this embodiment comprises a unit with a substantially rectangular cross section. The condenser unit 8 has a number of through holes 80 which pass from side 82 to side 84. A conventional electric fan 86 is mounted on one side 84 of the condenser unit 8 by means of screws 90. The fan is covered by a cover 88. The unit can be mounted on a stand 92. The condenser unit 8 can be fabricated by injection or blow molding the unit 8 in two halves and selling the halves together by cementing, heat sealing or ultrasonic welding. Venturi entrances 94 are located around each of the holes 80 to facilitate molding of the polymeric parts and to reduce pressure drop.
However, as previously mentioned, because the condensate returns to the evaporator unit 5 by gravity, in all gravity-return embodiments, the condenser unit 8 must be located above the evaporator unit 5 and there must be no portion of either the vapor tubing 6 or the condensate tubing 7 that dips below the height of the evaporator unit so that no air pockets are formed in the tubing connecting the evaporator unit 5 and the condenser unit 8. However, other embodiments can use conventional pumps or wicking mechanisms to return the condensate to the evaporator unit 5. In these cases it is not necessary for the condenser unit 8 to be above the evaporator unit
As illustrated in FIG. 16, the thermal response of the condenser 206 lags behind the thermal response of the evaporator 204. The amount of the lag is indicated as reference number 200.
One embodiment of the invention, illustrated in FIGS. 17A, 17B through 20, accommodates the situation where the condenser unit 8 may not be located "above" the evaporator unit 5 and, consequently, condensate may not be returned from the condenser unit 8 to the evaporator unit 5 solely by operation of gravity. Such a situation may occur, for example, when the cooling system operates in a computer positioned "on its side" (the motherboard 1 is perpendicular to an office floor) during operation. Alternatively, the cooling system may operate in a portable or notebook computer that operates in a wide variety of orientations that place the evaporator unit 5 on the same level as, or above, the condenser unit 8 during operation.
In the embodiment of the invention illustrated in FIGS. 17A, 17B through FIG. 20, condensate is returned from the condenser unit 8 to the evaporator unit 5 by a coolant "frothing" action induced by a small electric heater. Thus, in this embodiment, the two-phase cooler may accommodate an application that requires greater condensate delivery than a wick can provide, in an orientation that precludes gravity-return, while avoiding the expense and complexity of a mechanical pump with moving parts.
More specifically, the embodiment shown in FIG. 17A is capable of operating in several orientations, including the upright or "normal" orientation illustrated in FIG. 17A and an "inverted" orientation illustrated in FIG. 18A, In the orientation illustrated in FIG. 17A, evaporator unit 5, condenser unit 8, condensate tube 7, and vapor tube 6 all operate as previously described so that coolant returns from the condenser 8 to the evaporator 5 under the influence of gravity. More specifically, in such a system, the coolant enters its vapor phase in evaporator unit 5 and the vapor travels up the vapor tubing 6. In general, when traveling up tubing 6, the vapor forms discrete bubbles which trap pockets of liquid between the bubbles so that spurts of liquid travel up vapor tubing 6 and enter the condenser unit 8. Such a situation is illustrated in FIG. 20 which illustrates a cross sectional diagram of tubing 6. Discrete bubbles 200,202 and 204 travel up tubing 6 trapping liquid pockets 206 and 208 between them.
In the condenser 8 the vapor transported in the bubbles condenses back to the liquid phase. Gravity pulls the liquid-phase condensed coolant and the coolant carried up the vapor line by the bubbles from the condenser 8 back into the evaporator unit 5 via the condensate tubing 7. The direction of the coolant flow is essentially in the direction o/ arrow 150.
In order to allow the cooling system to operate in various orientations, a gravity-controlled heater unit 154 and a bypass valve 156 are provided. The heater coil 155 is preferably activated by a gravity-activated switch 157. Such a switch 157 may be, for example, a mercury switch such as those commonly found in household thermostats, but the details of the switch operation are not material to this disclosure. The switch 157 is arranged to couple electric current into the coil 155 in cooling system orientations where a gravity-assisted return of the condensate to the evaporator 5 will not occur. In orientations where gravity will operate on the condensate, the heater coil 155 is shut of 12 Accordingly, as shown in FIG. 17A, the heater coil 155 does not operate.
The function of the bypass valve 156 is to control the coolant flow direction as will hereinafter be described. The internal construction of the valve is shown in detail in the longitudinal cross sectional diagram of FIG. 17B. As shown in FIG. 17B, the valve comprises a valve body 220 which may be, but does not have to be, cylindrical in cross section. The valve body has an opening in the side to which a bypass tube 222 is connected. The bypass tube 222 also passes tough the wall 72 of condenser 8. Also contained in the valve body 220 is a relatively heavy slider 224 whose function is to shut off the bypass tube 222 when the cooling system is operating in an "inverted" orientation (as will hereinafter be explained). The slider 224 has a hole in the bottom which can selectively be closed by check valve 226.
A more detailed illustration of the construction of the check valve is shown in FIG. 19. In particular, the bottom 230 of the slider 224 has a hole 250 that, in turn, has a plurality of projecting fingers 252,254 and 256. Three fingers are shown, but other numbers of fingers could also be used. The valve body 264 comprises a head portion 258, a body 260 and a flat valve part 262 and is preferably fabricated from an elastomeric material. The fingers 252, 254 and 256 protrude sufficiently far into the hole 250 that the head portion 258 of the valve body 264 can be forced through the fingers 252,254 and 256 to retain the valve body 264 in the hole 250. When slider body 224 is positioned as shown in FIG. 19, the valve body 264 drops down so that the head portion 258 rests against the fingers 252, 254 and 256. There is sufficient space between the fingers 252, 254 and 256 so that fluid can flow around the head portion 258 into the slider 224.
However, when the slider is inverted, the valve body 264 drops down so that the flat part 62 covers the hole 250. The flat part 262 has a sufficient diameter that the entire hole 250 is covered and, thus, fluid flow is prevented.
FIG. 18A illustrates an "inverted" orientation where gravity does not return the coolant to the evaporator. In this orientation, gravity would normally drain all of the coolant out of the evaporator unit 5 into the condenser unit 8. The lack of coolant in the evaporator unit 5 would prevent the operation of the cooling system and could lead to catastrophic failure of the heat dissipating device which is cooled by the system.
However, in the orientation illustrated in FIG. 18A, the heater switch 157 in the heater unit 154 activates the heater coil 155. Since the heater unit 154 is located at the "lowest" point of the system in the orientation shown in FIG. 18A, there will always be liquid coolant at this point. Sufficient heat is generated by coil 155 to vaporize some of this liquid coolant. As previously mentioned, bubbles form in the tubing 7 as shown in FIG. 20 and this frothing action effectively pumps fluid up the tubing line 7 into the evaporator unit 5 so that the cooling system is enabled to operate.
If the coolant bubbles produced by coil 155 were permitted to move freely in any direction, some of the bubbles would inevitably move back towards the condenser unit 8. In turn, coolant would be transported between the bubbles back into the condenser unit 8 from that portion of the vapor tube encircled by the coil 155, instead of into the evaporator 5. The invention therefore preferably employs the bypass valve 156 to prevent the flow of coolant vapor bubbles (and liquid coolant trapped between the bubbles) from the vapor tube 7 into the condenser 8 when the system is in the orientation illustrated in FIG. 18A.
The positions of the internal parts of the bypass valve in this latter orientation are illustrated in FIG. 18B. In this orientation, the slider 224 moves down so that it blocks the bypass tube 222. In addition, the check valve 226 drops down so that it allows fluid in the condenser unit to flow out of the condenser into tubing 7. However, since the check valve 226 is relatively light, if a coolant vapor bubble attempts to enter the condenser unit 8 from tubing 7, the bubble presses against the flat part 262 of the check valve 226 pushing the flat part into a closed position up against the hole 250 of the slider 224 and blocking the bubble from entering the condenser 8. The check valve 226 will remain in the closed position until sufficient fluid collects in the condenser to force the valve 226 down and allow the fluid to escape.
Consequently, the coolant vapor bubbles cannot flow into the condenser 8 and will eventually rise up the tubing 5, thereby carrying fluid into the evaporator unit 5 as previously described. The fluid flow is thus established in the direction of arrow 151.
In other embodiments check valve 156 may be, for example, a "dual" check valve which comprises two valves, one of which operates when gravity-return is effective, the other operates when gravity-return is not effective. The dual valve ensures that, in the generally upright orientation, condensate flows in the normal direction and, when not so oriented, condensate flows in the opposite direction.
In any case, at least one flexible wall is provided in the system which allows the system to change in volume in order to maintain the internal system pressure substantially equal to the ambient pressure. Although the flexible walls have been located in the condenser in the embodiments discussed above, the flexible walls may be located in any other part of the system including the evaporator. Alternatively, either or both of the vapor and condensate conduits may be made sufficiently flexible to allow the system to operate with a zero pressure differential.
The cooling system is partially filled with a liquid coolant during operation. A variety of coolants can be used based on several factors including, but not limited to, boiling or evaporation temperature (which should be between 55° C. and 80° C.), chemical compatibility with the components of the evaporator unit 5 and the condenser unit 8, chemical stability, toxicity and cost. Coolants which are suitable for use with the invention include ethyl alcohol, methanol and fiuorochemicals, such as FLUORINERT® manufactured by the Minnesota Mining and Manufacturing Company located in St. Paul Minn.
Contrary to prior art heat pipe designs, the present cooling system is not purged of residual gas during construction. Instead coolant is added to the system and the system is sealed including residual gas such that the internal pressure of the cooling system at ambient room temperature is the same as the ambient environment pressure (typically one atmosphere). As heat dissipated by the heat-generating integrated circuit causes the coolant to approach boiling, some of the residual gas dissolved in the coolant comes out of solution and activates nucleation sites which initiate boiling substantially at the normal boiling point of the coolant material.
Additional nucleation sites may be provided in the evaporator unit 5 by specially treating the inner surface of the evaporator unit 5, for example by laser machining the heat spreader plate and/or the interior of the evaporator cover 30 to provide a pitted surface. If the pits are of suitable shape and size, they will provide nucleation sites which ensure that the coolant boils substantially at its boiling point. The provision of suitable nucleation sites eliminates the overshoot phenomenon which is typically found in prior art devices.
Alternatively, the heat spreader plate 34 or the evaporator unit cover 30, or portions thereof, can be fabricated of sintered metal. It has been found that if the sintered metal parts are compacted to 60%-70% of their normal compacted density to produce an average pore size on the order of 100 microns, that the sintered metal pans will produce sufficient nucleation sites to initiate boiling.
Due to the fact that nucleation sites have been provided in the evaporator 5, the temperature versus time curve of a typical heat-generating component using the cooling system of the present invention is shown in FIG. 16. In FIG. 16, line 204 represents the temperature of evaporator 5 versus time, line 206 represents the surface temperature of condenser unit 8 versus time and line 208 represents the ambient environmental temperature versus time. As can be seen tom the FIG., the initial temperature of the evaporator unit 5 steadily rises as all of the cooling system units heat up (the time period illustrated as 200 in FIG. 17). However, once the coolant boiling point temperature is reached at approximately point 210, the evaporator unit 5 temperature stabilizes and remains relatively constant over the time period 202. There is very little overshoot in the area 212 when the coolant boiling temperature is reached.
The foregoing description has been limited to specific embodiments of this invention. It will be apparent, however, that variations and modifications may be made to the disclosed embodiments of the invention, with the attainment of some or all of its advantages. For example, it will be obvious to those skilled in the art that the present invention can be used with components other than the specific electronic components disclosed. An example of a potential use is to cool the motor of an electric automobile. In addition, although the heater coil in the illustrative embodiment is shown disposed on the fluid tubing outside of the condenser unit, the heater and bypass valve could be included as pan of the condenser unit, itself. Therefore, it is the object of the appended claims to cover all such variations and modifications as come within the true spirit and scope of the invention.
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Method and apparatus to perform speech recognition over a data channel
A method and apparatus to perform speech recognition over a data channel is described. The method may include communicating voice information encoded using a voice compression algorithm over a voice channel, receiving a request for voice information for a speech recognition system, and communicating the requested voice information encoded using the voice compression algorithm over a data channel. Other embodiments are described and claimed.
Stanford, Michael (Dallas, TX, US)
Intel Corporation (Santa Clara, CA, US)
379/93.09, 704/270.1, 704/E15.014
G10L19/00; G10L15/08; H04M11/00
704/275, 704/201, 704/251, 704/500
6940819 Internet telephone apparatus and method for an internet telephone set 2005-09-06 Kato 370/237
20050119895 System and method for transmitting voice input from a remote location over a wireless data channel 2005-06-02 Odinak 704/270.1
6850609 Methods and apparatus for providing speech recording and speech transcription services 2005-02-01 Schrage 379/202.01
6546003 Telecommunications system 2003-04-08 Farris 370/352
20030065427 METHOD AND DEVICE FOR INTERFACING A DRIVER INFORMATION SYSTEM USING A VOICE PORTAL SERVER 2003-04-03 Funk et al. 701/1
6526383 Method and apparatus for compressing and transmitting high speed data 2003-02-25 Kurtz 704/500
6516207 Method and apparatus for performing text to speech synthesis 2003-02-04 Gupta et al. 455/563
20020165721 Real-time control of playback rates in presentations 2002-11-07 Chang 704/503
20020143552 Method and device to distinguish between voice conversation and automated speech recognition 2002-10-03 Odinak 704/270.1
6442404 Portable telephone 2002-08-27 Sakajiri 455/557
20020116175 Method and system for using a voice channel with a data service 2002-08-22 Stouffer et al. 704/9
20010025244 Telecommunication system, as well as terminal, as well as network 2001-09-27 Kopp 704/275
6185535 Voice control of a user interface to service applications 2001-02-06 Hedin et al. 704/270
6130883 Method and apparatus for voice packet communications 2000-10-10 Spear et al. 370/328
5956681 Apparatus for generating text data on the basis of speech data input from terminal 1999-09-21 Yamakita 704/260
5855003 Method and apparatus for establishing a link in a wireless communication system 1998-12-29 Ladden et al. 704/270
5822727 Method for automatic speech recognition in telephony 1998-10-13 Garberg et al. 704/270.1
SKED, MATTHEW J
KACVINSKY DAISAK BLUNI PLLC (2601 Weston Parkway Suite 103, Cary, NC, 27513, US)
The invention claimed is:
1. A method to perform speech recognition, comprising: communicating voice information encoded using a voice compression algorithm over a voice channel; receiving a request for voice information for a speech recognition system; encoding requested voice information to be communicated to said speech recognition system over a data channel using said voice compression algorithm used for said voice channel after switching from said voice channel to said data channel; and communicating said requested voice information encoded using said voice compression algorithm over said data channel.
2. The method of claim 1, wherein said data channel provides higher quality voice information than said voice channel.
3. The method of claim 1, wherein said communicating said voice information comprises: receiving an analog audio waveform representing speech; converting said analog audio waveform into a digital audio signal; encoding said digital audio signal using said voice compression algorithm; and transmitting said digital audio signal over said voice channel.
4. The method of claim 1, wherein said communicating said requested voice information comprises: receiving an analog audio waveform representing speech; converting said analog audio waveform into a digital audio signal; encoding said digital audio signal using said voice compression algorithm; and transmitting said digital audio signal over said data channel.
5. The method of claim 4, wherein said transmitting said digital audio signal over said data channel comprises: receiving a first signal from said speech recognition system to initiate sending said requested voice information over said-data channel; and transmitting said digital audio signal over said data channel in accordance with said first signal.
6. The method of claim 5, further comprising: receiving a second signal from said speech recognition system to terminate sending said requested voice information over said data channel; and terminating transmission of said digital audio signal over said data channel in accordance with said second signal.
7. The method of claim 4, wherein said transmitting said digital audio signal over said data channel comprises: monitoring for a signal from a user to initiate sending said requested voice information over said data channel; receiving said signal from said user; and transmitting said digital audio signal over said data channel while said signal is received.
8. The method of claim 1, wherein said request comprises a prompt for a voice command.
9. The method of claim 1, further comprising: sending said request for voice information for a speech recognition system over said voice channel; receiving said requested voice information over said data channel; and performing speech recognition using said requested voice information.
10. The method of claim 9, further comprising: sending a first signal over said voice channel to initiate sending said requested voice information over said data channel; and receiving said requested voice information over said data channel in accordance with said first signal.
11. The method of claim 10, further comprising sending a second signal over said voice channel to terminate sending said requested voice information over said data channel.
12. A mobile system, comprising: a vocoder to encode speech using a voice compression algorithm; a transceiver to communicate said encoded speech over one of a voice channel and a data channel; and an automatic speech recognition (ASR) control module to control when said encoded speech is communicated over said voice channel and said data channel, said vocoder to encode speech to be communicated to a speech recognition system over said data channel using the voice compression algorithm used for said voice channel alter switching from said voice channel to said data channel.
13. The mobile system of claim 12, further comprising an ASR input module to generate a signal from a user, said ASR control module to receive said signal and cause said encoded speech to be communicated over said data channel while said signal is received.
14. The mobile system of claim 13, wherein said ASR input module comprises: an input device to move between a first position and a second position; a position sensor to determine when said input device is in said first position and said second position; a position signal generating module to generate a signal indicating when said input device is in one of said first and second positions.
15. The mobile system of claim 14, wherein said input device comprises a button.
16. The mobile system of claim 12, further comprising: a microphone to receive analog speech signals; and an analog-to-digital converter to convert said analog speech signals into digital speech signals.
17. A wireless communication system, comprising: a speech recognition system; a base station in communication with said speech recognition system; and a mobile station to communicate with said base station using radio-frequencies, said mobile station to communicate speech encoded using a voice compression algorithm to said speech recognition system over a voice channel and a data channel. said mobile station to encode speech to be communicated to said speech recognition system over said data channel using the voice compression algorithm used far said voice channel after switching from said voice channel to said data channel.
18. The wireless communication system of claim 17, wherein said mobile station comprises: a vocoder to encode said speech using said voice compression algorithm; a transceiver to communicate said encoded speech over one of said voice channel and said data channel; and an automatic speech recognition (ASR) control module to control when said encoded speech is communicated over said voice channel and said data channel.
19. The wireless communication system of claim 18, further comprising an ASR input module to generate a signal from a user, said ASR control module to receive said signal and cause said encoded speech to be communicated over said data channel while said signal is received.
21. A method to perform speech recognition, comprising: communicating voice information over a voice channel; receiving a request for voice information for a speech recognition system; and communicating said requested voice information over a data channel, wherein voice information communicated over said data channel comprises at least one of uncompressed speech signals and compressed speech signals encoded with a voice compression algorithm used for said voice channel after switching from said voice channel to said data channel.
22. The method of claim 21, wherein said communicating said requested voice information comprises: receiving an analog audio waveform representing speech; converting said analog audio waveform into a digital audio signal; and transmitting said digital audio signal over said data channel.
23. The method of claim 22, wherein said transmitting said digital audio signal over said data channel comprises: receiving a first signal from said speech recognition system to initiate sending said requested voice information over said data channel; and transmitting said digital audio signal over said data channel in accordance with said first signal.
24. The method of claim 23, further comprising: receiving a second signal from said speech recognition system to terminate sending said requested voice information over said data channel; and terminating transmission of said digital audio signal over said data channel in accordance with said second signal.
25. The method of claim 22, wherein said transmitting said digital audio signal over said data channel comprises: monitoring for a signal from a user to initiate sending said requested voice information over said data channel; receiving said signal from said user; and transmitting said digital audio signal over said data channel while said signal is received.
26. The method of claim 21, wherein said request comprises a prompt for a voice command.
Speech recognition technology is becoming increasingly popular to access automated systems. For example, speech recognition may be used to remotely navigate automated voice response systems, access voice enabled Internet portals, control home automation systems, and so forth. Wireless systems, however, may not have been designed to accommodate improvements in speech recognition technology. As a result, there may be a need to improve speech recognition in mobile or cellular communication systems.
The subject matter regarded as embodiments of the invention is particularly pointed out and distinctly claimed in the concluding portion of the specification. Embodiments of the invention, however, both as to organization and method of operation, together with objects, features, and advantages thereof, may best be understood by reference to the following detailed description when read with the accompanying drawings in which:
FIG. 1 is a system suitable for practicing one embodiment of the invention;
FIG. 2 is a first block diagram of a mobile station in accordance with one embodiment of the invention;
FIG. 3 is a first block flow diagram of programming logic performed by a mobile station in accordance with one embodiment of the invention;
FIG. 4 is a second block flow diagram of programming logic performed by a mobile station in accordance with one embodiment of the invention;
FIG. 5 is a second block diagram of a mobile station in accordance with one embodiment of the invention;
FIG. 6 is a block diagram of an automatic speech recognition (ASR) input module in accordance with one embodiment of the invention; and
FIG. 7 is a third block flow diagram of programming logic performed by a mobile station in accordance with one embodiment of the invention.
The embodiments of the invention may be directed to performing speech recognition over a wireless system. A wireless system typically communicates voice information using voice transmission techniques, and data information using data transmission techniques. Due to bandwidth limitations and temporal constraints, voice transmission techniques may result in lower quality speech than data transmission techniques. The lower quality speech may reduce the performance of speech recognition systems. One embodiment of the invention may improve the performance of speech recognition systems by transmitting voice information requested by a speech recognition system using higher quality data transmission techniques.
Communicating voice information using data transmission techniques may provide several advantages over conventional systems. For example, data transmission techniques typically do not have as tight temporal constraints as voice transmission techniques. A user may detect a longer pause than normal between words or clipped utterances due to temporal delays in a system, but typically will not detect a delay in receiving electronic mail or a web page, for example. Since a speech recognition system is typically not affected by speech delays, the increased latency incurred using data transmission techniques may not affect speech recognition performance. The higher quality speech resulting from data transmission techniques, however, may allow for increased accuracy in speech recognition. In another example, one embodiment of the invention allows the user to control when speech is transmitted using voice transmission techniques or data transmission techniques. This may allow the user to be more comfortable interacting with a speech recognition system, as well as reducing timing considerations such as detecting the start and end points of a speech command.
In this detailed description, numerous specific details are set forth in order to provide a thorough understanding of the embodiments of the invention. It will be understood by those skilled in the art, however, that the embodiments of the invention may be practiced without these specific details. In other instances, well-known methods, procedures, components and circuits have not been described in detail so as not to obscure the embodiments of the invention. It can be appreciated that the specific structural and functional details disclosed herein may be representative and do not necessarily limit the scope of the invention.
An embodiment of the invention may include functionality that may be implemented as software executed by a processor, hardware circuits or structures, or a combination of both. The processor may be a general-purpose or dedicated processor, such as a processor from the family of processors made by Intel Corporation, Motorola Incorporated, Sun Microsystems Incorporated and others. The software may comprise programming logic, instructions or data to implement certain functionality for an embodiment of the invention. The software may be stored in a medium accessible by a machine or computer-readable medium, such as read-only memory (ROM), random-access memory (RAM), magnetic disk (e.g., floppy disk and hard drive), optical disk (e.g., CD-ROM) or any other data storage medium. In one embodiment of the invention, the media may store programming instructions in a compressed and/or encrypted format, as well as instructions that may have to be compiled or installed by an installer before being executed by the processor. Alternatively, an embodiment of the invention may be implemented as specific hardware components that contain hard-wired logic for performing the recited functionality, or by any combination of programmed general-purpose computer components and custom hardware components.
It is worthy to note that any reference in the specification to “one embodiment” or “an embodiment” means that a particular feature, structure, or characteristic described in connection with the embodiment is included in at least one embodiment of the invention. The appearances of the phrase “in one embodiment” in various places in the specification are not necessarily all referring to the same embodiment.
Referring now in detail to the drawings wherein like parts are designated by like reference numerals throughout, there is illustrated in FIG. 1 a system suitable for practicing one embodiment of the invention. FIG. 1 is a block diagram of a wireless system 100. Wireless system 100 may comprise an automated speech recognition (ASR) system 102, a base station (BS) 104 and a mobile station (MS) 106. BS 104 and MS 106 may communicate information using RF spectrum using any conventional wireless technology that may include a voice communication technique and a data communication technique. In one embodiment of the invention, for example, BS 104 and MS 106 may be configured to communicate information in accordance with any of the various standards associated with Global System For Mobile Communications (GSM) and General Packet Radio System (GPRS).
In one embodiment of the invention, ASR system 102 may comprise an application server configured with hardware and/or software to operate as an ASR system capable of detecting speech and converting it to another format, such as text. The text may be used as input for any desired application. The term “automated” as used herein may refer to a system that operates with limited human intervention. Examples of various applications that may utilize an ASR system may include an IVR system, an Internet voice portal, a home automation system, an automated directory assistance application, and so forth. It is worthy to note that although FIG. 1 illustrates ASR system 102 as separate from BS 104, it can be appreciated that ASR system 102 may be combined with BS 104 and still fall within the scope of the invention.
In one embodiment of the invention, BS 104 may comprise two parts, such as a Base Transceiver Station (BTS) and a Base Station Controller (BSC) (not shown). The BTS may house a radio transmitter/receiver (“transceiver”) that defines a cell, as well as handle the radio-link protocols with MS 104. The BSC may manage the radio resources for one or more BTSs. The BSC may handle radio-channel setup, frequency hopping, and handovers, and other wireless functions. The BSC may also connect BS 104 with a Mobile Switching Center (MSC) (not shown). An MSC may perform call switching between mobile users, and between mobile users and fixed users, for example. In one embodiment of the invention BS 104 may be configured with the appropriate hardware and/or software to communicate information in accordance with GPRS and other GSM services, such as Short Messaging Service (SMS), voice communications, and so forth.
In one embodiment of the invention, MS 106 may comprise mobile equipment configured to communicate both voice information and data information. The term “voice information” as used herein may refer to information produced by human vocal chords, including silent periods before, after and between utterances. The term “data information” as used herein may refer to any digital information, including digitized voice information, alphanumeric symbols, text, images, graphics, video and so forth. In one embodiment of the invention, MS 106 may be a “Class A” GPRS terminal that may configured with the appropriate hardware and/or software to support GPRS and other GSM services, such as SMS, voice transmission and others.
In one embodiment of the invention, MS 106 may communicate information to BS 104 over voice channels and data channels. The term “channel” as used herein may refer to a communications path between two devices. It may refer to the physical medium (e.g., different RF) or to a set of properties that distinguishes one channel from another. In one embodiment of the invention, voice information is typically communicated over one or more voice channels, and data information is typically communicated over one or more data channels. A voice channel may be characterized as having lower bandwidth and shorter temporal constraints than a data channel. A data channel may be characterized as having higher bandwidth and longer temporal constraints than a voice channel. MS 106 may be further described with reference to FIG. 2.
FIG. 2 is a first block diagram of a mobile station in accordance with one embodiment of the invention. FIG. 2 illustrates a MS 200 that may represent, for example, MS 104. In one embodiment of the invention, MS 200 may comprise a microphone 202, an analog-to-digital (A/D) converter 204, a voice encoder/decoder (“vocoder”) 206, a transceiver 208 and an ASR control module 210.
In one embodiment of the invention, microphone 202 may receive analog speech signals from, for example, a human speaker. Microphone 202 may send the analog speech signals to AID converter 204.
A/D converter 204 may receive the analog speech signals and convert them into digital speech signals represented as a sequence or stream of bits. Each bit may represent, for example, a one (1) or a zero (0). The conversion may be performed in accordance with any A/D conversion scheme, such as Pulse Coded Modulation (PCM). The output of an A/D converter using PCM, for example, may be a 64 kilobits per second (kbps) signal. A/D converter 204 may send the stream of bits to vocoder 206.
Vocoder 206 may implement any conventional voice compression algorithm to reduce the digital speech signals. For example, in one embodiment of the invention vocoder 206 may implement a voice compression scheme in accordance with International Telecommunications Union (ITU) Recommendation G.723.1 titled “Dual Rate Speech Coder For Multimedia Communications Transmitting at 5.3 and 6.3 k/bps,” approved March 1996 (“G.723 Specification”).
In one embodiment of the invention, vocoder 206 includes logic to format the compressed or uncompressed digital speech signals into the appropriate frames and/or packets, and send the formatted information to transceiver 208 for communication over a voice or data channel. It can be appreciated, however, that this function may be implemented anywhere within MS 200 and still fall within the scope of the invention.
Transceiver 208 may comprise a transmitter, receiver and logic sections for MS 200. The transmitter may convert low-level audio signals to proportional shifts in the RF carrier frequency. The receiver may amplify and demodulate low-level RF signals into their original audio form. The control section may coordinate this operation by the insertion and extraction of appropriate system control messages. Transceiver 208 may be connected to an antenna assembly (not shown).
Transceiver 208 may communicate information over RF spectrum. For example, a GSM system may use RU bands 890–915 mega-hertz (MHz) for an uplink between MS 200 and BS 106, and RF bands 935–960 MHz for a downlink between BS 106 and MS 200. Since RF spectrum is a limited resource shared by all users, various technologies exist to divide up available bandwidth among as many users as possible. For example, a GSM system may use a combination of Time-Division Multiple Access (TDMA) and Frequency-Division Multiple Access (FDMA). The FDMA part may involve, for example, dividing a 25 MHz bandwidth into 124 carrier frequencies spaced 200 kHz apart. One or more carrier frequencies are assigned to each base station, including BS 106. Each of these carrier frequencies may also be divided in time using a TDMA scheme. The fundamental unit of time in a TDMA scheme may be referred to as a “burst period” and may last 0.577 milliseconds (ms). Eight burst periods may be grouped into a TDMA frame. A frame may represent a logical set of bits having a fixed or variable length. A TDMA frame, for example, may be approximately 4.615 ms, and may form the basic unit for the definition of logical voice or data channels. One physical channel, for example, may be one burst period per TDMA frame. In one embodiment of the invention, a channel may be defined by the number and position of their corresponding burst periods. All these definitions may be cyclic, and the entire pattern may repeat after a certain time period.
ASR control module 210 may provide control signals to vocoder 206 and/or transceiver 208 to switch between sending encoded voice information over a voice channel or a data channel. ASR control module 210 may receive an external signal indicating when to perform the switch, and instruct vocoder 206 and/or transceiver 208 accordingly.
In one embodiment of the invention, ASR control module 210 may instruct vocoder 206 to not perform speech compression to the input digital speech signals, and to send the uncompressed digital speech signals to transceiver 208 for transmission over the appropriate data channel. This embodiment of the invention may increase bandwidth requirements for the speech signals but may result in higher quality speech by reducing speech degradation due to encoding and decoding errors.
In one embodiment of the invention, ASR control module 210 may instruct vocoder 206 to perform speech compression to the input digital speech signals, and to send the compressed digital speech signals to transceiver 208 for transmission over the appropriate data channel. This embodiment of the invention may reduce bandwidth requirements for the speech signals and yet may yield higher quality speech by utilizing enhanced error correction protocols.
In one embodiment of the invention, ASR control module 210 may insert codes to indicate the start and end points of a voice response to the request for speech information. The codes may be, for example, a predefined sequence or pattern of bits. The ASR control module 210 may insert the codes in response to user inputs or inputs from an ASR system or BS, such as BS 104.
The operations of systems 100 and 200 may be further described with reference to FIGS. 3–4 and accompanying examples. Although FIGS. 3–4 presented herein may include a particular processing logic, it can be appreciated that the processing logic merely provides an example of how the general functionality described herein can be implemented. Further, each operation within a given processing logic does not necessarily have to be executed in the order presented unless otherwise indicated.
FIG. 3 is a first block flow diagram of programming logic performed by a mobile station in accordance with one embodiment of the invention. FIG. 3 illustrates programming logic 300 to perform speech recognition. Voice information may be encoded using a voice compression algorithm and communicated over a voice channel at block 302. A request for voice information for a speech recognition system may be received at block 304. The request may be, for example, a prompt for a voice command. The requested voice information may be encoded using the same voice compression algorithm and communicated over a data channel at block 306.
In one embodiment of the invention, the voice information may be communicated by receiving an analog audio waveform representing speech. The analog audio waveform may be converted into a digital audio signal. The digital audio signal may be encoded using the voice compression algorithm, and transmitted over the voice channel.
In one embodiment of the invention, the requested voice information may be communicated by receiving an analog audio waveform representing speech. The analog audio waveform may be converted into a digital audio signal. The digital audio signal may be encoded using the voice compression algorithm, and transmitted over the data channel.
FIG. 4 is a second block flow diagram of programming logic performed by a mobile station in accordance with one embodiment of the invention. FIG. 4 illustrates programming logic 400 to perform speech recognition by communicating a digital audio signal over a data channel. A first signal may be received from the speech recognition system to initiate sending the requested voice information over said data channel at block 402. The digital audio signal may be transmitted over the data channel in accordance with the first signal. Once the requested voice information has been sent over the data channel, a second signal from the speech recognition system may be received at block 404. The second signal may be a termination signal to terminate transmission of voice information over the data channel. Transmission of the digital audio signal over the data channel may be terminated in accordance with the second signal. The first signal and the second signal may each be, for example, a unique sequence or pattern of bits.
FIG. 5 is a second block diagram of a mobile station in accordance with one embodiment of the invention. FIG. 5 illustrates a MS 500 that may represent, for example, MS 104. In one embodiment of the invention, MS 500 may comprise a microphone 502, an A/D converter 504, a vocoder 506, a transceiver 508, an ASR control module 210 and an ASR input module 512. In operation, elements 502–510 operate similar to corresponding elements 202–210. In one embodiment of the invention, ASR input module 512 may detect and generate user commands to send voice information over a data channel. More particularly, a user may indicate to MS 500 when to switch sending voice information over a voice channel to a data channel, and vice-versa, via an input device.
FIG. 6 is a block diagram of an automatic speech recognition (ASR) input module in accordance with one embodiment of the invention. FIG. 6 illustrates an ASR input module 600 that may represent, for example, ASR input module 512. In one embodiment of the invention, ASR input module may comprise an input device 602, a position sensor 604 and a position signal generating module 606. Input device 602 may be a mechanical, electrical or optical device that may allow a user to switch between two states. For example, input device 602 may be button placed on a MS, such as MS 104. Position sensor 604 may monitor input device 602 to determine its current position or state. Position sensor 604 may send this information to position signal generating module 606. Position signal generating module 606 may receive the state or position information from position sensor 604. Position signal generating module 606 may generate a signal corresponding to a one or more states or positions and send the signal to ASR control module 510. ASR control module 510 may coordinate insertion of the appropriate start and end codes for the speech information in accordance with the position signal, and instruct vocoder 506 to format the uncompressed or compressed digital speech signals into the appropriate transmission format.
The operations of systems 500 and 600 may be further described with reference to FIG. 7 and accompanying examples. Although FIG. 7 presented herein may include a particular processing logic, it can be appreciated that the processing logic merely provides an example of how the general functionality described herein can be implemented. Further, each operation within a given processing logic does not necessarily have to be executed in the order presented unless otherwise indicated.
FIG. 7 is a third block flow diagram of programming logic performed by a mobile station in accordance with one embodiment of the invention. FIG. 7 illustrates a programming logic 700 to perform speech recognition by transmitting requested voice information over a data channel. Monitoring is performed for a signal from a user to initiate sending the requested voice information over the data channel at block 702. The signal from the user may be received at block 704. The requested voice information in the form of a digital audio signal may be transmitted over the data channel while the signal is received at block 706.
In one embodiment of the invention, the request for voice information may be sent by a speech recognition system over the voice channel. A first signal may also be sent over the voice channel to initiate sending the requested voice information over the data channel. The requested voice information may be received by the speech recognition system over the data channel. A second signal may be sent over the voice channel to terminate sending the requested voice information over the data channel. In other words, once the requested voice information has been received the speech recognition system may send a second signal indicating to resume normal operation by sending voice information over the voice channel. Speech recognition may then be performed using the requested voice information.
The operation of systems 100, 200, 500 and 600, and FIGS. 3–4 and 7, may be better understood by way of example. Assume MS 106 is a cellular telephone. Assume BS 104 is connected to speech recognition system 102. Speech recognition system 102 may be an application server having a software application to perform automated directory assistance. BS 104 and MS 106 may communicate using voice channels and data channels defined using RF spectrum. The data channels are part of a packet-switched switched network. A user initiates a connection with the application server over a voice channel. The server provides some introductory information to the user on how to use the service. This information is sent using a normal voice compression scheme, such as G.723.
Speech recognition system 102 may give a voice prompt for a name to initiate the directory assistance search. BS 104 may communicate the voice prompt to MS 106. Speech recognition system 102 or BS 104 may also send a signal indicating that MS 106 is to begin sending voice information over a higher quality channel, such as a data channel.
The user may provide the spoken response to the voice prompt. MS 106 may convert the analog audio signals into digital audio signals, and compress the signal using the same voice compression scheme used for the normal voice channel. MS 106 may then proceed to send the spoken response over the data channel. The data channel is designed to provide higher quality information. This higher quality information may result from increased data channel bandwidth such as a faster transmission rate (e.g., 171 kbps) as compared to normal voice channel bandwidth (5.3 kpbs), application of an improved error correction scheme, or both, although the embodiments of the invention are not limited in this context.
BS 104 may receive the spoken information over the data channel, and pass the spoken information to speech recognition system 102. Speech recognition system 102 may receive the spoken voice information and begin performing the speech recognition process. The speech recognition process converts the spoken voice information into another format, such as text. In this example, the spoken voice information may comprise the name of the person for which a number is desired. The text of the requested name may be sent to the automated directory assistance software, to begin the number lookup process.
Once MS 106 sends the requested voice information to BS 104, subsequent voice information may be passed using the voice channel per normal cell phone operations. Speech recognition system 102 or BS 104 may send a signal to terminate sending voice information over the data channel. Alternatively, speech recognition system 102 or BS 104 may have sent a predetermined time interval to MS 106, and at the expiration of the predetermined time interval all voice communications are switched back to the voice channel.
In another example, MS 106 may include an input device, such as input device 602, that may be a button. The button may have two positions including activated and deactivated, or pressed and released. If a user receives a prompt for a voice command from speech recognition system 102, the user may press the button to indicate that the following spoken voice information is to be transmitted over a data channel. Once the user finishes providing the spoken voice information, the user may release the button indicating that MS 106 is to resume normal operations, which means spoken voice information is to be transmitted over the voice channel.
In another embodiment of the invention, MS 106 may be connected to an automated system. Therefore, communications between the automated system and MS 106 may be sent via a normal voice channel, while communications between MS 106 and the automated system may be communicated over the data channel, since the automated system is unconcerned about speech latencies. This embodiment may reduce the need to switch between the voice and data channels during a given communication session.
While certain features of the embodiments of the invention have been illustrated as described herein, many modifications, substitutions, changes and equivalents will now occur to those skilled in the art. It is, therefore, to be understood that the appended claims are intended to cover all such modifications and changes as fall within the true spirit of the embodiments of the invention.
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The Films: Jason Lives
Witness The 'Jason Lives' Screen Used Metal Hero Knife and Sheath
Jason Parker May 02, 2016
There has been a number of great props and production used items that we have showcased on the site for Jason Lives: Friday The 13th Part 6. Today we have a very rare and unique weapon Jason used in the franchise and that is the survival knife from Jason Lives.
Collector Justin Ray recently acquired the hero metal knife seen in the film and had an excellent display created to show off the prized possession, which includes the original sheath worn by Jason actor C.J. Graham. There is a small history to the knife created for the film. There was only one metal hero knife used on-screen in the movie and that was during the RV scene where Jason Voorhees kills Cort. The only other metal knife that existed was only used during pre-production for the stunt knife mold. The original source for this screen-used metal knife is F/X man Christopher Swift who worked on the film.
The knife was a welcomed addition to vast array of instruments used to dispath his victims throughout the franchise. Thanks to Justin Ray for submitting the information and images of the knife to us so we could share with the fans of the film!
Props The Films: Jason Lives
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Staub leads Warriors past Delone Catholic
Maddy Staub could tell something was off.
Staub leads Warriors past Delone Catholic Maddy Staub could tell something was off. Check out this story on gametimepa.com: https://gtpa.co/27ty5LJ
Matt Allibone, mallibone@ydr.com Published 7:16 p.m. ET May 16, 2016 | Updated 9:17 p.m. ET May 16, 2016
Photos: Susquehannock 7, Delone Catholic 2
Susquehannock's Megan Green (7) slides to home plate during a YAIAA semifinal game against Delone Catholic at Spring Grove High School, May 16, 2016. The Susquehannock Warriors advanced to the championship game after they won 7-2 against the Delone Catholic Squirettes. Harrison Jones, For GameTimePA.com
Delone Catholic's Cassie Rickrode (45) pitches against Susquehannock's Kristi Langhans (9) during a YAIAA semifinal game against Susquehannock at Spring Grove High School, May 16, 2016. The Susquehannock Warriors advanced to the championship game after they won 7-2 against the Delone Catholic Squirettes. Harrison Jones, For GameTimePA.com
Susquehannock's Ashley Bryan (11) celebrates with teammate Anna Bryan (12) during a YAIAA semifinal game against Delone Catholic at Spring Grove High School, May 16, 2016. The Susquehannock Warriors advanced to the championship game after they won 7-2 against the Delone Catholic Squirettes. Harrison Jones, For GameTimePA.com
A Susquehannock player casts a shadow on the dugout while on deck to bat during a YAIAA semifinal game against Delone Catholic at Spring Grove High School, May 16, 2016. The Susquehannock Warriors advanced to the championship game after they won 7-2 against the Delone Catholic Squirettes. Harrison Jones, For GameTimePA.com
Delone's Erica Chroniger (7) hits the ball during a YAIAA semifinal game against Susquehannock at Spring Grove High School, May 16, 2016. The Susquehannock Warriors advanced to the championship game after they won 7-2 against the Delone Catholic Squirettes. Harrison Jones, For GameTimePA.com
Susquehannock's Ally Kerr (22) catches the ball on first base as Delone Catholic's Sydney Keith runs towards first base during a YAIAA semifinal game against Delone Catholic at Spring Grove High School, May 16, 2016. The Susquehannock Warriors advanced to the championship game after they won 7-2 against the Delone Catholic Squirettes. Harrison Jones, For GameTimePA.com
A Delone Catholic player cheers on her teammates during a YAIAA semifinal game against Susquehannock at Spring Grove High School, May 16, 2016. The Susquehannock Warriors advanced to the championship game after they won 7-2 against the Delone Catholic Squirettes. Harrison Jones, For GameTimePA.com
Susquehannock's Lily Yoakum (10) hits the ball during a YAIAA semifinal game against Delone Catholic at Spring Grove High School, May 16, 2016. The Susquehannock Warriors advanced to the championship game after they won 7-2 against the Delone Squirettes. Harrison Jones, For GameTimePA.com
Delone's Lauryn King (3) prepares to run from third base to home plate during a YAIAA semifinal game against Susquehannock at Spring Grove High School, May 16, 2016. The Susquehannock Warriors advanced to the championship game after they won 7-2 against the Delone Catholic Squirettes. Harrison Jones, For GameTimePA.com
Susquehannock's Anna Bryan (12) slides to home plate during a YAIAA semifinal game against Delone Catholic at Spring Grove High School, May 16, 2016. The Susquehannock Warriors advanced to the championship game after they won 7-2 against the Delone Catholic Squirettes. Harrison Jones, For GameTimePA.com
A Delone player watches from the outfield during a YAIAA semifinal game against Susquehannock at Spring Grove High School, May 16, 2016. The Susquehannock Warriors advanced to the championship game after they won 7-2 against the Delone Catholic Squirettes. Harrison Jones, For GameTimePA.com
The senior pitcher tossed a complete game and gave up just four hits while striking out six
Susquehannock's Ashley Bryan (11) celebrates with teammate Anna Bryan (12) during a YAIAA semifinal game against Delone Catholic at Spring Grove High School, May 16, 2016. The Susquehannock Warriors advanced to the championship game after they won 7-2 against the Delone Catholic Squirettes.(Photo: Harrison Jones, For GameTimePA.com)Buy Photo
The Susquehannock senior pitcher had faced only four batters in Monday's YAIAA semifinal against Delone Catholic at Spring Grove, and she had walked three of them. After a short meeting in the circle with Warriors head coach Jeff Deardorff, Staub realized the issue was mechanical.
"I was out of my pitching circle, instead of (bringing my arm) straight up and around I was going off to the left," Staub said. "I was all out of whack, but I figured it out early, thankfully."
Thankfully for the Warriors, Staub had the Squirettes (16-3) figured out for most of the game after that. She struck out six batters and gave up just four hits as Susquehannock (16-3) beat Delone Catholic, 7-2. It was the same final score as the teams' previous matchup on April 4.
The Warriors will now play Central York in the YAIAA title game at 5 p.m. Tuesday at New Oxford. The Panthers beat the Warriors already this season, 7-2, on April 25.
"We're just glad we get to play Central and have some redemption hopefully," Staub said. "(The Panthers) took advantage of our mistakes last time, but they don't know the real us."
Central York to defend YAIAA softball title
Susquehannock's Lily Yoakum (10) hits the ball during a YAIAA semifinal game against Delone Catholic at Spring Grove High School, May 16, 2016. The Susquehannock Warriors advanced to the championship game after they won 7-2 against the Delone Squirettes. (Photo: Harrison Jones, For GameTimePA.com)
If Staub pitches against Central the way she did against Delone, the Warriors will have a shot. After giving up one run on a sac fly in the first inning, the senior allowed just two baserunners the next four innings. Susquehannock led 6-1 after the fifth.
Both Deardorff and Delone Catholic head coach Don Smith said Staub's ability to change the speed of her pitches was what made her successful. The Squirettes didn't record their second hit of the game until the sixth inning, and by that point they trailed by five runs.
"We warned them to look for the changeup because (Staub) goes to it when she's in trouble but it didn't help," Smith said. "We just didn't hit. The bottom of our lineup did nothing, just like last time (against Susquehannock)."
Offensively, Susquehannock was sparked by speedy leadoff hitter Mallory Lebo, who went 2-for-3 with a walk, three stolen bases and one RBI. The Warriors also got clutch RBI hits from second baseman Kristi Langhans and first baseman Ally Kerr, which helped give Susquehannock a 3-1 lead after three innings.
Despite losing their first matchup against Central, the Warriors say they're confident they can beat the Division I champs on Tuesday. The Panthers beat Littlestown, 3-2, in their league semifinal matchup on Monday.
Susquehannock's Ally Kerr (22) catches the ball on first base as Delone Catholic's Sydney Keith runs towards first base during a YAIAA semifinal game against Delone Catholic at Spring Grove High School, May 16, 2016. The Susquehannock Warriors advanced to the championship game after they won 7-2 against the Delone Catholic Squirettes. (Photo: Harrison Jones, For GameTimePA.com)
"Central was kind of our motivation, we wanted a rematch and wanted to play them and we had to get through this game to get to them," Lebo said. "We just locked down on defense, and knocked in runs when we have to."
And while the Warriors didn't play their best at the end of the regular season, Deardorff said he believes they're back on track. Susquehannock started the season 11-0 before going 4-3 the last three weeks.
"We had a lot of minor injuries, nothing that kept people out of games, but we had sore arms, pulled groin muscles, shin splints," Deardorff said. "I think it hurt us. About half the girls weren't 100 percent, but everybody's feeling good now."
The Squirettes will now turn their attention to the District 3 Class AA tournament, which they won last season.
"I think the girls are really more interested in districts," Smith said. "This was just an extra game to play, that hopefully we could win. We just didn't play well."
YAIAA softball championship
Who: Central York vs. Susquehannock
When: 5 p.m. Tuesday
Where: New Oxford High School
Last time: Central York beat Susquehannock, 7-2, on April 25.
Follow live: Visit GameTimePA.com for live, multimedia updates on the action.
Read or Share this story: https://gtpa.co/27ty5LJ
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"You don't choose a life, you live one."
Everest Base Camp Trek: Part One
Hello Friends & Family,
It has been a while since we've caught up! When we last left off we were about to embark on our Everest Base Camp trek and what an adventure it was!
Before we get into the details we should mention that we found an amazing tour agency that really helped us out a lot. We spent four days researching and wandering the streets of Thamel trying to find a good place to assist us with planning our trek. It was really tough to find one that wasn't trying to rip us off or lie to us. At last we found Mountain Guide Trek & Expedition. They went above and beyond with their service, attention to detail and overall professionalism. We've even become friends with Manil and his family as we'll go further into detail about in our next post.
If you need full tours or even just a bus ticket you should contact them. Their office is close to BK's which is in Lonely Planet for those of you that use it.
Here's their contact information:
Mountain Guide Trek & Expedition
www.mountainguidetrek.com
Manil Neupane
Cell:9851064428
email: info@mountainguidetrek.com
You can get Manil's international number off the website.
It's a great company and we would highly recommend their services. Thanks Manil!!! We will never forget our trip and your dedicated service and friendship.
We woke up early on the morning of October 10th and headed to the airport with Pasang, our porter/guide. Our flight was scheduled for 11:30 am. We weren't super excited about having such a late flight. The earlier the flight, the better your chances are of getting out. We mentioned in our last blog that we were crossing our fingers that our flight would not get cancelled. We must not have crossed them hard enough. After waiting in the extremely crowded airport (see picture below) for hours, we finally made it onto the bus. We were on our way to the airplane when we were told we needed to go back inside the airport and wait a little longer due to the weather conditions in Lukla. After 15 more minutes of waiting we were given the bad news...the flight was cancelled. NO! We were so close. The airlines don't have a system of rebooking your tickets when your flight is cancelled. What a mess! We begged the airline staff to rebook our tickets for the following day. The earliest flight they would give us was 11:30 am. At least it was better than nothing. We left the airport feeling exhausted and defeated. It was an emotional roller coaster of a day.
We reluctantly caught a taxi back to Thamel. However, our spirits were lifted when a public school bus rolled up next to us at a light. These little boys brought smiles to our faces.
Later that night we went to dinner and we received a call from Manil. He had managed to get us on a 9:20 am flight instead of 11:30. We were ecstatic! This greatly increased our chances of getting out on a flight.
Take Two - the next day we did it all over again. We woke up at 5:30 am and headed to the airport with Pasang. Thanks to Manil's and Pasang's great work, we boarded a flight at 10:30 am. A delay of 1 hour was much better than a cancelled flight. We couldn't believe we were willingly getting on a flight that would soon land at the world's most dangerous airport!
Leanne was first in line to board the plane. We were told we would have views of Mt. Everest on the left side of the plane.
We settled in for the 45-minute flight to Lukla. The airplane was so loud that the airline attendant handed out cotton balls for your ears. She also handed out hard candy. There were 14 passengers, 2 pilots, and 1 airline attendant. Ted, the guy sitting next to Josh, actually gave him something to calm him down. Leanne thanks you, Ted!
Leanne had a great view of the cockpit. She was so excited that she didn't need anything to calm her down. She had been dreaming of hiking to Everest Base Camp since she was a little girl.
Scenes from the window. Incredible! The flight was filled with nervous giggles and smiles.
This is why the Tenzing-Hillary airport is deemed "The Most Dangerous Airport in the World." The landing strip dangles on the side of a mountain! What a feeling it was to look out the windshield and be greeted by this scene.
Here's a link to a short video of the plane ride. We were worried that the speakers would blow because of the noise so it's brief:
http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=iVvgh-JTnrM
It was a successful landing! Everyone on the flight clapped and cheered when we touched down.
Our Mission: To trek through the Himalayas to Everest Base Camp.
Day 1: Thursday, October 11th
Agenda: Fly to Lukla and trek to Phakding. This was an easy day of trekking and mostly downhill. We started at 9,383 feet (2,860 meters) and ended at 8,563 feet (2,610 meters).
We came up with nicknames for each other.
Josh = Bear (of course)
Leanne = Butterfly (Pasang came up with that one)
Pasang = Sherpa Bee (Josh came up with this one "Float like a butterfly, sting like a bee")
However, Sherpa Bee still referred to us as Sir and Madame. Our goal was to change that by the last day.
View of the landing strip. Amazing, right?
Spinning for good luck.
We gained a whole new respect for the porters during this journey. It was unreal the weight that they carried. Apart from the crops that are grown, all the goods on the mountain come from Kathmandu.
Items are first flown to Lukla and then carried up the mountain by porters. Some of these porters travel for days to deliver the products to the higher elevations. As a result of this, the price of goods increase dramatically the higher you climb. We're talking 2x4s, steel rafters, pool tables, beer, candy bars, things that you can't even imagine that could be carried on a back. It was unbelievable seeing some of the things that they carried.
We stopped briefly to rest. Sherpa Bee gave it two thumbs up!
We made it to Phakding in only 2 hours. Once we settled into our teahouse we did some exploring in the town.
Our teahouse room cost us a little over $1 but the hot showers cost us a little under $6. We took advantage of the hot showers because we knew our days of showering were limited. It was so cold in our room that we had to zip ourselves in our sleeping bags just to warm up. We were in bed by 8:30 pm.
Day 2: Friday, October 12th
Agenda: Phakding to Namche Bazaar
Starting elevation - 8,563 feet (2,610 meters)
Ending elevation - 11,286 feet (3,440 meters)
"Hey goat, say hello to your mother for me."
Leanne getting motivated by the local children. It was right about here when she contracted the germs that would evolve into a full blown cold a few days later. At least they were cute!
Along with the porters, many animals carried the heavier goods. Mules, oxen and yaks were used in the transporting of goods. It is proper etiquette to move aside to let them pass. Well, it's not really etiquette it's that or risk getting bit, kicked or even worse, knocked off the mountain.
Mule train
We stopped at a waterfall along the way. Josh said stopping to take a picture was a good excuse to catch your breath.
Sherpa Bee pointed out this huge bee nest on the side of a cliff. This picture is zoomed in to the max. It was kinda of fitting he found this since we nickname him Sherpa Bee the day before.
More bridges
Follow the river...
First glimpse of Mt. Everest!
Almost to Namche Bazaar. Josh was a champ fighting off his cramps. This day was quite possibly one of the hardest days of the trek.
It was supposed to take 4-6 hours but we made it in a little over 2 hours. No wonder why Josh had cramps.
Namche Bazaar was a really cool town filled with bakeries, markets, a few bars and supermarkets. We stayed here for 2 days so that we could acclimatize. We splurged in this town and stayed at a teahouse with an attached bathroom. The room cost us $14 but it would be the last time we would shower for 7 days so it was worth it.
The markets were set up on the edge of a cliff. The prices were really reasonable considering all that went into getting it up here. We bought a package of 20 banana flavored gum to hand out to the village children along the way. Sherpa Bee did some negotiating and got us a good price.
Bringing on the good luck.
Helicopter landing pad or the end of the world? The fog settled in like a thick blanket over the town.
Day 3: Saturday, October 13th
Agenda: Day trekking to Khumjung and Khunde
Khumjung elevation - 12,475 feet (3,790 meters)
Khunde elevation - 12,598 feet (3,840 meters)
Howdy, Mt. Everest!
Welcome to Khumjung
What a creative way to dry yak dung and decorate your house!
This sweet old lady was seeking her daily dose of good luck.
And now it is Josh's turn for good luck.
Drum roll please... we found the infamous Yeti head in an old monastery. For a mere $1.50 donation they unlocked the cabinet and showed us the head. It looked like a yak head and smelled like pure death. Really, like a rotting carcass.
The villagers were excellent at preparing potatoes. We had our fill of potatoes along the trek. Fried potatoes, potato chips, steamed potatoes, roasted potatoes... Okay, we are starting to sound like Bubba from Forrest Gump.
Heading back to Namche for our last shower for a week.
Day 4: Sunday, October 14th
Agenda: Namche Bazaar to Tengboche (Day 1 - No shower)
Starting elevation - 11,286 feet (3,440 meters)
It was time to hit the trail and seek higher ground.
We handed out the banana gum. We apologize to the parents of these adorable children for the potential cavities we may have caused. We just couldn't resist. Their faces lighted up at thought of the sweet goodness that awaited them. The gum is too expensive for most of the families to afford but every child deserves a bit of chewing happiness. We tried to spread as much happiness as we could.
These monkeys posed for a picture in exchange for a pack of gum each. It was a great deal for us because we were able to capture this priceless picture.
We kept on truckin'. This day's hike included lengthy stretches of uphill battles.
Excuse us. We passed with care.
We made it to Tengboche in record time. It was supposed to take 5-6 hours but it took us only 3 hours and 10 minutes. We also stopped for an hour to have a second breakfast. They may have helped fuel our fast trekking feet.
Legend has it that the Dalai Lama visited the site of where a current monastery stands. We were able to sit inside the monastery and witness their daily prayer/meditation rituals. It was a moving, yet relaxing experience.
We headed back to our teahouse for an afternoon warm up session in our sleeping bags. It was so cold!
It was a bit uncomfortable in our teahouse because there were so many people staying there. We had to camp out at a seat near the fire for a few hours to make sure we had a place to eat dinner. The fellow trekkers were like sharks when it came to snagging an open chair.
Most of the trekkers we spoke with were taking a medication called Diamox. It helped with the symptoms of altitude sickness. We decided against taking the medication since we were somewhat used to high altitude. Sherpa Bee kept giving Josh hot chili peppers with his food. The other porters and guides told us this was their form of taking Diamox. They called it "Sherpa Diamox." We incorporated Sherpa Diamox into our daily diets from that day forward. It also helped give some flavor to what would otherwise be bland, disgusting food along the trek.
The entire teahouse was woken up that night at 3:30 am by a large Spanish trekking group. Apparently, they were trying to catch sunrise somewhere. We nicknamed them "The Spanish Armada." We were also awoken up by a man snoring so loudly it sounded like it was in surround sound. It was one of the worst night's sleep.
Day 5: Monday, October 15th
Agenda: Tengboche to Dingboche (Day 2 - No shower)
It was a brisk start to the morning as we headed out at 6:50 am. We just wanted to get out of that teahouse as fast as we could.
We counted down the minutes until our frozen feet and hands would feel the warmth of the morning sun.
It truly felt like an autumn day on this part of the trail. The leaves were changing colors and our smiles were stretching wider as we were continuously captivated by the surrounding beauty. We felt so lucky to have the opportunity to be a part of famous mountain trek.
Sherpa Bee was still smiling and leading the way. He was such a great guy. We found out later on the trail that it was actually his birthday the day before. We were so upset he didn't tell us. Pasang, we hope it wasn't too bad spending your birthday with us.
There's the sun.
Ummm...we were speechless at this point. You can see the trail following along the ridge of the mountain. Unbelievable!
Dorky picture time.
Look, I see the town just ahead of us. Onwards!
It felt good to sit down. We stayed at a cozy little teahouse. It was only $1.10 for the room. It wasn't the fanciest of places. It had a squatter toilet and no sink but the lady that ran the place was so nice that it made up for what it lacked. This place would become our home for the next 2 days/nights as we had another acclimatization day here. These nights proved to be some of the coldest nights during the trek. Thank goodness we had blankets and had a minus 20 degree sleeping bag.
Tea time and Leanne's attempt to take an artistic photo.
We pulled out the ol' binocs in quest of some sumitting trekkers on Mt. Everest. We were told about an hour later that we weren't even looking at Mt. Everest and no one was summiting that day either. Oops!
After some tea and lunch we headed up the mountain for a little day hike. We went up to 15,092 feet (4,600 meters). Not too shabby for a day's work!
Day 6: Tuesday, October 16th
Agenda: Day hike to Nangka Tshang (Day 3 - No shower)
Starting elevation - 14, 689 feet (4,410 meters)
This day was a memorable day as it was the highest elevation that we climbed on the entire trek.
Josh pulled out the thinker pose. It was appropriate for the occasion at hand.
Yes! We made it to 18,425 feet.
Day 6 went down in the history books for us.
Is this for real???
A different angle from the top.
Bird's eye view. Yep, it's an eagle soaring through the most picture perfect blue sky.
What goes up most come down. Sadly, we had to leave our spot at the top and make our way down the mountain.
We met back up with our new British friends Pippa, Ian, Andrew and Andy at our cozy teahouse.
History on the emersion of the friendship: We first laid eyes on each other in Tengboche. If you recall from our Day 4 recap there was a man that was snoring so loudly at our teahouse that he woke everyone up including Pippa, Ian, Andrew and Andy. The next morning at breakfast we all laughed when the snoring culprit announced loudly that he had "one of his best night's sleep ever." Good for you Mr. Snorer, the rest of us had our worst night's sleep thanks to you.
Pippa said we actually should thank that snoring man because he initiated a friendship between us all. We actually wound up traveling off and on together for the next week and a half. More on that to come.
In below picture we sat around laughing as Andrew got in a quick shave with partially frozen water and some hand soap. We have to hand it to you Andrew, that shave took courage.
We'll stop for now and pick up on the second half of the trek soon.
As always, thanks for following us!
We miss you all.
Leanne & Josh
Josh & Leanne Bearden
goexplore365@gmail.com
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Dance Commentary by Heather Desaulniers
Amy Foley's Bellwether Dance Project - SPF10
Bellwether Dance Project examines judgment and disparity in Thighs and Wages
As part of next month’s Summer Performance Festival (SPF10)
Presented by SAFEhouse Arts
Joe Goode Annex, San Francisco – July 6th–16th
Bellwether Dance Project in Thighs and Wages
Photo Jane Hu
Dramatic directional shifts. Living poses and postures. Vast use of second and fourth positions in plié and in extension; a reflection of chasms and gaps. Technically intricate phrase material that is simultaneously expressive, risky and surprising. Unison, canon and partnering. Diverse physical vocabulary: turned out attitude and fouetté jumps, pedestrian running, parallel assemblés, task-based gestural sequences, contorted runway walks and solar plexuses lifting in a high upper body arch. Compositional repetition acting as both an emphasis and an anesthetic. Picturesque vignettes that speak of camaraderie and shared experience contrasted with challenging tableaux of manipulation, dismissal and control.
All these choreographic states and more await in Bellwether Dance Project’s Thighs and Wages, an ensemble work where contemporary performance and narrative abstraction evolve and converge. Conceived by Bellwether Dance Project’s Artistic Director Amy Foley, Thighs and Wages takes the stage in early July as part of the tenth annual SAFEhouse Arts Summer Performance Festival (SPF). Every summer, SAFEhouse Director Joe Landini welcomes emerging and established choreographic voices alike to the highly anticipated and eclectic dance event, this year held at the Joe Goode Annex. Bellwether Dance Project is thrilled to be part of 2017’s line-up, sharing a program with Linda Bouchard Multimedia Works.
A lifelong dancer, Foley began taking class at the age of five and continued throughout her childhood and teenage years, particularly pulled towards ballet. And like many serious dance students, sometime in high school she started to contemplate what might come out of these years of training, “I thought, wait, I’m not going to be a professional ballerina, but there must be a place in dance where I fit in.” After taking a brief hiatus from the studio, Foley rediscovered movement at Colorado College, and specifically found a connection with modern dance. “Here, I could use my technique, athleticism and grace, though in a different context, a more grounded one – it felt like home,” she recalls. Fast forward a bit and Foley found herself in San Francisco, with the goal of dancing and performing, and eventually discovered Robert Moses’ class. Within a couple of years, she joined Robert Moses’ KIN and remained a company member for a decade. During this season, Foley also taught and freelanced with other San Francisco dance organizations, like Margaret Jenkins Dance Company and Shift Physical Theater.
After her stint at Robert Moses’ KIN, Foley noticed a new artistic and creative pull within, an itch to start making her own work. Though, at the same time, she didn’t want to abandon the dancer/performer part of her being. So once again, it was time for some penetrating questions, “am I a dancer, am I a choreographer, where should my focus lie?” Like most deep inquiries, Foley found that there wasn’t one answer, and that for her, living into both roads felt right. Still continuing to perform (with ODC, and of late with RAWdance, project.b. and KAMBARA+DANCERS), she also began presenting work in a number of different choreographic outlets: ODC’s Pilot Program, LINES Ballet’s summer intensive, RAWdance’s CONCEPT series, PUSHfest, Robert Moses’ KIN’s By Series and the Dance Mission Choreographic Showcase. Over the past sixteen months, this journey in dancemaking has intensified even further, with the official formation of Foley’s company, Bellwether Dance Project, and more recently, as a Lead Artist at SAFEhouse Arts.
While RAW (Resident Artist Workshop) has been a fixture in the San Francisco choreographic climate for ten years, SAFEhouse’s Lead Artist program is a brand new offshoot. “We decided this year to start moving towards an artist co-op model as a way for SAFEhouse to become more sustainable,” explains Landini, “we invited a group of RAW artists to help us run SAFEhouse in the areas of Production, Marketing, Development and Operations; six of this year’s SPF choreographers are Lead Artists.” Of course, built into the Lead Artist program is space to construct and develop new work as well as several performance opportunities. Foley’s Thighs and Wages is one of the resulting dances from her time in this creative, exploratory environment.
While not a linear story, Thighs and Wages has a powerful narrative and conceptual foundation. “The piece considers and alludes to the ways that women are scrutinized and objectified; how turning someone into an object lessens their humanness,” Foley shares, “and without suggesting any answer or resolution, it challenges the viewer to contemplate the ramifications and outcomes of this objectification – abuse, violence or training women in self-doubt.” A twenty-minute work for five women, Thighs and Wages saw its premiere in November of 2016 at SAFEhouse. “I was really happy with the first showing back in November; it went well, and it also made me realize that I wanted to delve deeper into Thighs and Wages,” adds Foley. With the upcoming July performances in SPF10, she is doing just that, once again is diving into this narrative, contemporary choreography.
Re-visiting any type of project brings with it such great opportunities – the chance to create new material, to edit and adjust existing parts and the occasion to possibly work with new collaborators. All of these hold true for Foley’s next iteration of Thighs and Wages. “I’m expanding the piece and creating some new ideas as well as changing some of the overall structure and phrases,” Foley describes, “and four of the five dancers are new, so it’s exciting to experience their individualism, creativity and different ways of moving in the work.” Dancers in the original cast of Thighs and Wages were Kaitlyn Ebert, Jackie Goneconti Gibbons, Emeline Le Thiec, Jane Selna and Maggie Stack, all of who also performed the work in January as part of the San Francisco Movement Arts Festival. Stack will be returning for SPF10 and will be joined by Marlie Couto, Liza Kroeschell, Courtney Mazeika and Katerina Wong.
As the SPF10 performances near (just a mere two weeks away), Foley is eager to present the next version of Thighs and Wages, this time in a new space and with a new quintet of dance artists. And she is also keen to share the piece with viewers who may be familiar with the work and those who are encountering it for the first time, “I hope the audience feels moved, whether touched, angry, sad or something else altogether; that they feel something is very important to me.”
Bellwether Dance Project in Thighs and Wages - Thurs, July 6th at 8:00pm and Sat, July 8th at 8:00pm.
*this article is sponsored by San Francisco Movement Arts Festival
Heather Desaulniers at 10:54 AM
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HEIDI'S PICK SIX: Larry Ivkovich
Larry Ivkovich
I'd have to say Kim Yoshima, my protagonist in The Sixth Precept. I originally created Kim in three previous short stories (one of which, "Time Noir," was published in M-Brane SF; another "A Concerned Citizen" was a runner-up in the L. Ron Hubbard Writers of the Future Contest and is now available from IFWG Publishing, Amazon and Barnes & Noble as an ebook) so it's fair to say I do like her and wanted to continue her adventures. She’s intelligent, strong, compassionate, has an interest in history and old traditions, but she’s weighed down by these esper/telepathic abilities she’s acquired, didn’t ask for, and is trying to cope with the consequences of using them. She’s an ordinary person thrown into really extraordinary circumstances.
SEEKER by Jack McDevitt. It’s a hard science fiction mystery using the "Lost Colony" trope and is very good. It’s the third in his Alex Benedict and Chase Kolpath antiquity dealers series. I had overdosed on a lot of urban fantasy lately and needed a shot of good old Sci-Fi.
The members of the two writing/critique groups I belong to, the Pittsburgh SouthWrites and the Pittsburgh Worldrights, tell me I write good action scenes but those are the hardest for me to write. I really have to concentrate and try to visualize how the fights, battle scenes, chase scenes, etc. go together and if they’re even physically possible. I was pinged by the SouthWrites for a scene I wrote as violating the laws of physics where my character made this incredible diving, twisting, turning leap to save another character. So, I’d have to say it’s never been one scene individually but action scenes collectively that are tough for me to write.
A lot of what inspires my writing on a fundamental level comes from growing up reading comic books and watching television in the 1960s. I tend to give my characters special powers, not necessarily super powers, but ones of deduction or stealth or some sense or ability all of us possess but haven’t fine-tuned or use much. The action scenes I watched in shows like "The Wild, Wild West" or "The Man From U.N.C.L.E" have stuck with me over the decades. Certain current events or historical periods (like medieval Japan in The Sixth Precept) or medical/scientific discoveries also inspire me. I wrote a short story called "About Face" a few years ago that was published in a Scottish horror anthology called Raw Terror. It was about a woman suffering from Prosopagnosia or “Face Blindness” where she couldn’t recognize facial features, even on herself when she looked in a mirror. It’s an actual neurological condition I had read about in a magazine and wrote a story where, even though my protagonist can’t really "see" people’s faces, she’s able to see other things--things that aren’t of our world.
I go along for the ride. I’ve tried outlining but it just doesn’t work for me; I’m just not that organized. I do jot down notes when I get a story idea and will refer to them but I usually just start writing and see where it takes me. The incidence of a writer’s characters taking on lives of their own happens to me a lot. I do a lot of rewriting so things do change in the body of the piece during that process--add text, delete text, move chapters around, etc. Most of the time this method works for me but I have several unfinished short stories and an unfinished novel waiting to be completed because I didn’t know how to finish them. I just ran out of steam!
Andre Norton, Edgar Rice Burroughs and Ray Bradbury initially. These authors were the big three I grew up with and still love reading today. I can never attain their levels of excellence and uniqueness (who can?) but their individual styles do creep into my own writing from time to time--Norton’s fantasy world building, Burroughs’ action and hybrid beasties, Bradbury’s descriptive brilliance. More recently William Gibson’s early cyber-punk and recent contemporary-noir sensibilities have fired my imagination. These four aren’t the only writers I admire but they’ve helped shape my own writing more than any others. If I could write something a third as good as any of them, I’ll be happy!
IT professional Larry Ivkovich is the author of several science fiction, fantasy and horror short stories and novellas, published online and in various print publications and anthologies including M-Brane SF, Afterburn SF, Twisted Cat Tales, Penumbra, Abaculus III, Raw Terror, Triangulations and Aoife’s Kiss Shelter of Daylight. He has also been a finalist in the L. Ron Hubbard’s Writers of the Future contest and was the 2010 recipient of the CZP/Rannu Fund Award for fiction. His debut urban fantasy novel, The Sixth Precept, is now available from IFWG Publishing and amazon.com and barnesandnoble.com. He is a member of two local writing/critique groups, the Pittsburgh Southwrites and the Pittsburgh Worldrights, and lives in Coraopolis, PA with his wife Martha and cats Trixie and Milo.
Find Larry online at http://mysite.verizon.net/vzesw7nb/
DECSRIPTION FOR The Sixth Precept
In 16th century medieval Japan, Yoshima Mitsu, who is gifted with psychic powers, uses her prescient abilities to send her young attendant, Shioko, into the future. There, Mitsu believes Shioko will be safe from the purges of the maniacal warlord Omori Kadanamora, his warrior monks and his half-human, half-bestial Shadow-Trackers.
In present-day Pittsburgh, police Lieutenant Kim Yoshima is attacked by a creature out of someone’s twisted nightmare. In the aftermath of that terrifying struggle, Kim finds a young Japanese girl named Shioko, lost, confused and calling Kim “Mitsu” and her monstrous attacker a “Shadow-Tracker.”
Wayne Brewster dreams of the costumed hero, ArcNight. But more than that, he feels bizarrely connected to the fictional crime fighter as if ArcNight and his comic book world are real. And in all of his dreams, Brewster sees one constant, one face repeated over and over--the face of Kim Yoshima.
Empowered by a mysterious book, The Five Precepts to Enlightenment, Kim realizes her destiny is in the past. Using her own burgeoning esper powers, Kim, accompanied by Shioko and Brewster, travel by means of a temporal rift to feudal Japan. There they must assume different personas to fight Omori and creatures of Japan’s mythological world to fulfill ancient prophesy and modern historical fact. If they fail, history will be altered and the world will change forever.
- http://www.amazon.com/The-Sixth-Precept-ebook/dp/B006BAFWYM
Labels: author interviews, fantasy, heidi ruby miller, heidis pick six, larry ivkovich, science fiction, the sixth precept
Heidi Ruby Miller August 21, 2012 at 9:43 AM
Thanks for stopping by, Larry, and picking six!
I'm a big Jack McDevitt fan, too.
SFFS: Snippet #1 from "Dakota's Gate" in The World...
Event: Novel d'Tales Blogiversary
SFFS: Snippet from "Feeling Blue Today" in Hazard ...
Event: Morgantown B&N Weekend Signing
HEIDI'S PICK SIX: Leland Pitts-Gonzalez
Book: Hazard Yet Forward Anthology
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Zendaya Lends Her Pipes To Bobby Brackins And Jeremih’s “My Jam”: Watch The Video
Mike Wass @mikewassmusic | March 11, 2015 2:45 pm
Zendaya Is Working With Timbaland
Zendaya isn't playing with her sophomore LP. The teen star has teamed up with Timbaland.
The second coming of Zendaya is almost upon us. The 18-year-old recently let slip that she’s working with Timbaland on her sophomore LP and made international headlines for clocking Fashion Police star Giuliana Rancic over an offensive remark. She also found the time to get in the studio with rising rapper/songwriter Bobby Brackins to sing the hook on his new Jeremih-assisted single “My Jam.”
It’s a good sound for the talented teen. Her airy vocal holds its own against the fuzzy 808s and Jeremih’s typically smooth contribution. The trio flew to Puerto Rico to film the video and they spend most of it turning up with the locals. Expectations for “My Jam” are high after the massive success of Brackins’ recent co-writes (Chris Brown’s “Loyal” and Tinashe’s “2 On”). Watch the colorful video up top.
Zendaya's Militaristic 'Teen Vogue' Shoot
16 Photos »
Is this a good sound for Zendaya? Have your say in the comments below.
Get an eyeful of even more pop music coverage, from artist interviews to exclusive performances, on Idolator’s YouTube channel.
Tags: Bobby Brackins, Jeremih, Zendaya
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Home Small Business FEED Digests Old Design for Livelier Look
FEED Digests Old Design for Livelier Look
By Clint Boulton | December 12, 2000
The hip Generations X and Y magazine FEED this week unveiled a facelift on its Web site.
The snarky magazine, which targets a more "Internet savvy" user with a melange of media, technology, pop culture, and arts, has introduced a redesign of the site replete with topic-based sections, better navigation and a "Who's Better?" Poll.
The site has been organized into nine new subject areas: Arts & Music, Books, Digital Culture, Habitat, Mediasphere, Moving Pictures, Politics & Society, Science, and Vices. Regular FEED departments and columns can still be found through a pull-down menu in the left-side navigation section of the homepage.
Co-Editor-In-Chief Stephanie Syman tells readers in a letter on FEED's home page that one of the goals of the redesign was to make the site more user-friendly. The site should benefit from reduced clutter.
"This quickly became an exercise in subtraction," Syman explained. "We axed gratuitous design elements, pruned the homepage, and removed the ad frame that ran along the bottom of the site. The end result is a homepage that legibly lists three weeks of content and recent special issues, and that prominently highlights the stories of the day."
FEED's home page will also host a pop culture gag in the "Who's Better?" poll where readers can compare the "who's cooler" issue of personalities, concepts and objects. The first one asks readers to choose between Linda Tripp, pegged by FEED as a "garish, Clinton-hating Republican bureaucrat" and Florida's Secretary of State Katherine Harris, billed as a "garish, Bush-loving Republican bureaucrat."
Nominated for three Webby Awards, The Wall Street Journal's columnist Walter Mossberg gave FEED perhaps the strongest praise available for an online news network when he said the magazine successfully "combined the quality and principles of traditional print journalism with the new forms available online."
This week's action at the magazine is the latest in many upcoming changes for parent company Automatic Media, including the creation of a new online community in the next year.
Erected last July, Automatic Media is the cornerstone of a merger between Advance.net and FEED.
It wisely took advantage of when firms were still willing to pump cash and resources into new content sites. Lycos Inc. took a 25 percent stake in Automatic Media, and folded its smarmy Suck.com into the new network.
Also, about $4 million of initial funding for the company came from Advance Publications Inc., parent of Advance.net, Lycos Ventures LP, an independent venture capital firm and London-based venture capital group, Paladin UK.
To meet its proclamation of appealing to the hip contingent, Automatic Media also bought alternative culture encyclopedia Alt.Culture for an undisclosed sum. Alt.Culture's sphere includes independent rock and film as well as extreme sports.
Just who is FEED and Automatic Media geared for?
On its site, Automatic Media defines its demographic target as "primarily 21-34 years old, affluent, educated, and heavily Web-involved. This market is 20 million strong, and is made up of high-indexing purchasers and sophisticated pop culture consumers."
FEED Co-Founder Steve Johnson said the network's demographic is less an age and more of post-college people who have embraced the Web.
"These are people who live around the Web, which cuts into their TV time," Johnson said.
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Cops Subdue Sword-Swinging Man AKA Suicidal Ninja
I just thought this article was interesting.
By O’Ryan Johnson http://www.bostonherald.com
A dramatic showdown between cops and a suicidal man ended without major bloodshed despite a three-story plummet through a closed window and some frightening swordplay on the street.
The man, whose name was withheld, attacked cops with a medium-sized samurai sword, police said, repeatedly lunging at them and shouting, “Kill me!”
“This situation could have ended a lot differently had it not been for the professionalism and restraint shown by the officers on B-2,” said Boston patrolmen’s union President Thomas Nee.
Police were called to the 26-year-old’s home about 5 p.m. Cops called for backup and tried to kick down the door. As one officer walked outside, the suspect came crashing through a closed third-floor window, bounced off an awning, hit the ground and ran.
Cops chased him until he spun around, sword drawn, near Washington Park. With more than 20 cops, guns drawn, around him, he repeatedly charged, shouting “Shoot me! Kill me!” police said.
Sgt. Thomas Teahan sneaked up and tackled him. The suspect, who was treated for minor injuries, is being held at Bridgewater State Hospital.
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Accueil / Non classé / One of the Most Incredibly Overlooked Answers for R in Physics
Publié par 13 décembre 2019 par lamiduvin lamiduvin
One of the Most Incredibly Overlooked Answers for R in Physics
Let’s see how it is able to be possible. There’s no easy multiple. It sounds compelling, but nevertheless, it may not be true.
Things You Won’t Like About R in Physics and Things You Will
The FXs are the key frame-eater. No parking is allowed along Charter Street https://essaysource.com/paper-writer at any moment. Likewise, in asanas, only the necessary muscles and bones want to get engaged.
The notebook has a few examples of how to use the cell magic and the way it works with distinctive ggplot graphics. You will want fundamental familiarity with the command line for the best outcomes. Some apps are extremely simple to push.
What R in Physics Is – and What it Is Not
Lastly it’s also employed for prenatal scan as it rays aren’t in any respect harmful to the women. correct your essay In this instance, a period of chain between two stools will demonstrate the students the effect and enable you to rehearse the calculations with them. Think about a ball kept at the peak of a sphere.
There are lots of intriguing types offered and you may have them based on size, shapes, handles, functionality, finish and a number of other considerations. Now consider that most of render frames are going to have some little remainder of frame time left in the accumulator that can’t be simulated because it’s less than dt. This normally means a substantial weight penalty, that is the last thing I will discuss.
The Pain of R in Physics
Our department’s yearly newsletter is currently offered. For a number of the heavier work, you will have to rely on third-party libraries. Delta College is presently performing planned maintenance.
Frequently the tools from these other areas aren’t quite suitable for the requirements of physics, and will need to get changed or more advanced versions have to get http://www.essaysource.com/ made. On the flip side, slower performance and a deficiency of vital features like unit testing and web frameworks are typical reasons that some data scientists prefer to appear elsewhere. In case you have any info which you would like included in our next newsletter, please get in touch with us.
A push or pull that would bring about a rotation is known as a torque. Similarly, for the cold object, the last temperature is Tf and the ordinary temperature during the approach is Tc that is the average of Tf and T2. Physical quantities that are completely specified by just giving out there magnitude are called scalars.
The purpose of maximum positive displacement on a transverse wave is referred to as crest. The mast, connected to the base, provides the crane its height. At some angle, the parallel part of the weight will equal the most static friction.
The New Angle On R in Physics Just Released
Otherwise, transformation is to be done in order to bring data near normality. You can also make datasets. It is said to be in equilibrium.
Fluid dynamics is a special area of physics in that it’s the study of fluids and their physical properties. Balanced is the crucial word that’s utilized to spell out equilibrium conditions. Their usage in the equation is illustrated inside this issue.
The 30-Second Trick for R in Physics
Finally, Tegmark utilizes this new means of thinking about consciousness for a lens by which to study one of the fundamental problems of quantum mechanics called the quantum factorisation issue. The majority of the predictions from such theories are numerical. The majority of the theories in physics use mathematics to share their principles.
Surely it is possible to imagine turning this into an enjoyable physics lab. In this manner, the theoretical and experimental elements of physics (and science in general) interact with one another, and push each other forward to create new regions of knowledge. As the theories progress and new discoveries are created, not just the answer but the entire question changes.
A tricky portion of working with torque is the fact that it is calculated utilizing a vector product. You may also combine the result from such models and receive a consolidated output utilizing pool() command. Theories which try to explain these data are made.
The force exerted by means of a magnet on other magnets is known as magnetic force. Machines can use it in order to supply the lift exertion (force) needed to generate work, including moving another object. Longitudinal waves cause changes in the pressure of the various areas of the medium by which they go through.
The quantity of heat needed to increase the temperature of an object a specific amount is equivalent to the sum which that object would lose in cooling by the exact volume. The resultant effect is a complicated wave. NO is among the most obvious pollutants in cities as it’s generated from the combustion of fossil fuels.
As it was initially invented, there have been quite a few ways humanity has devised of creating a laser better. Show the Universe that you’re apt to receive a great deal more. For example, I think that there’s an innate goodness in all human beings.
A job will always arrive later if you’re good at what you’re doing, but passion should always take precedence. There’s no need to reveal tension in the face and upper body like whilst doing Dhruvasana. Bear in mind, if everything else fails, you can always write things out in words, but you should be certain to ask someone about the most suitable symbol later.
The R in Physics Trap
Within this classical instance, there’s clearly some amount of uncertainty relating to this, as these actions take some physical moment. There are a number of ways to describe this scenario. On the contrary, it transforms the work.
He’s working in the Field of Dosimetry for more than two decades. If you assess the time between two adjacent peaks you’ll find that it’s the exact same. Students first investigate rockets and the way they can get us into space.
Article précédent : The Fundamentals of Essay Writing Worksheets That You Can Learn From Starting Right Away
Article suivant : Kids, Work and What Is a Product in Math
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Jamaica awarded World's Leading Family Destination at World Travel Awards ceremony
KINGSTON, JAMAICA — Jamaica took home several awards at the 26th World Travel Awards' Grand Final Gala Ceremony held in Muscat, Oman recently including World's Leading Family Destination and World's Leading Cruise Destination.
According to the Jamaica Tourist Board (JTB), this is the first time that Jamaica is being awarded the World's Leading Family Destination facing tough competition from Australia, Italy, Mexico, Portugal, Spain, Turkey and the United States.
“We are honoured to once again be recognised as the World's Leading Cruise Destination as well as the World's Leading Family Destination,” Jamaica's Director of Tourism, Donovan White, was quoted as saying.
“These awards are a testament to our hard work and commitment to growing Jamaica's tourism. As a destination, we are continuously striving to enhance the visitor experience by diversifying our offering and attracting world-class brands such as Hard Rock, Margaritaville and Nickelodeon by Karisma Hotels & Resorts, and Panama Jack by Playa Hotels & Resorts,” White added.
JTB noted that Jamaica has been awarded the World's Leading Cruise Destination every year since 2006.
Earlier in the year, the JTB was celebrated as the Caribbean's Leading Tourist Board, Caribbean's Leading Cruise Destination and Caribbean's Leading Destination at the Caribbean & North America Gala Ceremony for the World Travel Awards.
World's Leading Family Destination (Jamaica)
World's Leading Cruise Destination (Jamaica)
World's Leading Luxury Hotel Villa (Fleming Villa at GoldenEye)
World's Leading Villa Resort (Round Hill Hotel & Villas)
World's Leading All-Inclusive Company (Sandals Resorts International)
World's Leading All-Inclusive Family Resort Brand (Beaches Resorts)
World's Leading Caribbean Attraction Company (Islands Routes Caribbean)
A complete list of awards won by Jamaica and its tourism partners, representing the elite in international tourism for each of these categories, as follows:
13-y-o Shamaria Johnson missing
$140-m homeless shelter for Kingston
PNP extends condolences to family of J Paul Morgan
4 dead in Trelawny crash
Some businesses may hurt after Brexit— UK treasury chief
Suspected suicide in Spalding
Former OUR director-general J Paul Morgan dies
Barbados PM warns of attempts to divide the Caribbean
No Result West Indies vs Ireland – 2nd T20I
Central Village under curfew
Plans apace for Racers Grand Prix 2020
House Dems to outline case for removing Trump from office
Jamaica to boost teaching of the sciences
Delay in restoration of water to Washington Blvd customers to Sunday
16-y-o Cassava Piece, St Andrew girl missing
Scorpions 46-1 at lunch vs Volcanoes
Iran to send flight recorders from downed jet to Ukraine
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Middle East politics, culture and satire.
Three dictators walk into a bar
المبان في آل علمان: دليلك إلى الليبراليين والشيوعيين وباقي العلمانيين
يتفق الجميع على أن العلمانيين هم القوة الحقيقة وراء "الربيع العربي" ولكننا لا نعرف سوى القليل عن هذه المجموعة المغمورة والتي لا تحب الأضواء باستثناء ظهور هنا وهناك على البي بي سي، السي إن إن، أو الغارديان وبعض المؤتمرات الدولية. ولكن من هم هؤلاء الناس حقاً؟ للإجابة على هذا السؤال، قمنا بدراسة موثقة من شأنها لأول مرة تسليط الضوء على العلمانيين العرب والجماعات السياسية المختلفة الخاصة بهم، وما المشروبات المفضلة لديهم.
By Karl Sharro at July 30, 2013 No comments: Links to this post
Liberals, Communists and Assorted Infidels: The Ultimate Guide to Arab Secularists
Everyone agrees that secularists are the real force behind the ‘Arab Spring’, yet we know so little about this obscure group of people that toils in virtual anonymity. Aside from the occasional foray onto the BBC, CNN, The Guardian and international leadership conferences, that is. But who are these people really? To answer that question, we commissioned an authoritative study that will for the first time shed light on Arab secularists, their different political groups, and what their favourite drinks are.
The Liberals
The liberals are the granddaddies of all Arab secularists. They see themselves as the vanguard in the fight against Islamists, and they often say things like: “this is not my true Islam”, despite not having set foot in a mosque for 17 years. They mostly work for the UN, the World Bank, and western think tanks, but this doesn’t fool Arab leftists who know that this is the perfect cover for the western imperialist conspiracy.
By Karl Sharro at July 30, 2013 7 comments: Links to this post
Labels: Arab Spring, on the lighter side, Parody, secularism
Egyptian man experience vague sense of déjà vu while out protesting in support of the army
An Egyptian man experienced a vague sense of déjà vu while out protesting in support of the army last Friday. Mohamed al-Nassi, 64 from Cairo, felt the yet unexplained sensation when he was at Tahrir Square carrying a large poster of army chief Abdul Fattah al-Sisi.
Labels: Egypt, on the lighter side, Parody
'I am like Warda': Exclusive Interview with General al-Sisi, the leader of the Glorious Egyptian Army
Since the Corrective Operation to Unseat the President (COUP) in Egypt, one name has been on everyone’s lips, General Abdul-Fattah al-Sisi the leader of the Glorious Egyptian Army©. It’s true a few were cursing him, but most honourable citizens of Egypt and the other Arab countries were behind the General’s historical corrective manoeuvre against the Muslim Brotherhood.
Arab Dictators: A National Geographic Special
Arab Dictator of the Gaddafi
genus, caught in Libya and
unfortunately killed by people
who don't appreciate nature.
These days, everybody is taking more interest in the environment and concern for biodiversity and the welfare of different species is shared by all sensible people. One of the species that has been facing serious challenges in recent years is the Arab dictator, found mostly in the Middle East and North Africa. This native species with its long beak and decorative plumage has long been admired by nature-lovers across the globe, but its numbers are dwindling unfortunately. While not yet at the point of extinction, we must all do everything we can to ensure its survival. We teamed up with National Geographic to provide you this guide for the Arab dictator and what you can do to help preserve it.
Labels: Arab Dictators, on the lighter side, Parody
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Study confirms that Lebanon is indeed the centre of the universe
In what has been dubbed ‘the biggest I-told-you-so moment in the history of mankind’, a four-year scientific study has confirmed that Leba...
Unprecedented images of Western people looking just like you and me
We have all wondered how Western people look like in everyday situations, behind the veil of exoticism that surrounds their mysterious cu...
إعلان انتخابي: الطائفية تراث حافظ عليها
إضغط على الصورة للمشاهدة من البداية
How would we report the EU referendum if it were happening in the Middle East?
London, Britain. June 2016. You can learn everything you need to know about the EU referendum in the United Kingdom by talking to just...
We Give the Scottish Independence Referendum the Middle East Expert Treatment
These days, everyone is talking about the Scottish Independence Referendum, especially when they’re not talking about ISIS. But sadly...
It’s ever so simple: a tribal map of the Middle East
Hint: It's not really about the map, which I didn't draw. Source: http://arthurzbygniew.blogspot.co.uk/p/air-bulletin.html The M...
Fascinating Observations of Life in the West by an Iraqi Anthropologist
Until now there have been very few authoritative anthropological studies about the Western World, of which we know very little aside from in...
Sound like an expert with these phrases about Middle East politics
Many people are hesitant to talk about the Middle East and its politics because it seems to be quite a complex place that requires extensi...
The Onion to Sue Lebanon for Making Its Headlines Look Reasonable
It emerged today that the American satirical magazine The Onion is to sue Lebanon for unfair competition practices and for making its head...
Saudi Arabia Announces Historic Decision to Ban Everything
In an unprecedented move in modern governance, Saudi Arabia announced today that it will introduce a ban on everything. The announcement h...
المبان في آل علمان: دليلك إلى الليبراليين والشيوعي...
Liberals, Communists and Assorted Infidels: The Ul...
Egyptian man experience vague sense of déjà vu whi...
'I am like Warda': Exclusive Interview with Genera...
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Polyethylene (PE)
Low density polyethylene (LDPE)
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Metallocene linear low density polyethylene (mLLDPE – C6)
Medium density polyethylene (MDPE)
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Polyethylene terephthalate (PET)
Polystyrene (PS)
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J Pathol Inform 2012, 3:35
Use of contextual inquiry to understand anatomic pathology workflow: Implications for digital pathology adoption
Jonhan Ho1, Orly Aridor2, Anil V Parwani3
1 Departments of Dermatology and Pathology, University of Pittsburgh Medical Center, Pittsburgh, USA
2 Office of Sponsored Programs and Research Support, University of Pittsburgh Medical Center, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
3 Department of Pathology, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
Date of Acceptance 21-Jun-2012
Date of Web Publication 28-Sep-2012
Jonhan Ho
Departments of Dermatology and Pathology, University of Pittsburgh Medical Center, Pittsburgh
Background: For decades anatomic pathology (AP) workflow have been a highly manual process based on the use of an optical microscope and glass slides. Recent innovations in scanning and digitizing of entire glass slides are accelerating a move toward widespread adoption and implementation of a workflow based on digital slides and their supporting information management software. To support the design of digital pathology systems and ensure their adoption into pathology practice, the needs of the main users within the AP workflow, the pathologists, should be identified. Contextual inquiry is a qualitative, user-centered, social method designed to identify and understand users' needs and is utilized for collecting, interpreting, and aggregating in-detail aspects of work. Objective: Contextual inquiry was utilized to document current AP workflow, identify processes that may benefit from the introduction of digital pathology systems, and establish design requirements for digital pathology systems that will meet pathologists' needs. Materials and Methods: Pathologists were observed and interviewed at a large academic medical center according to contextual inquiry guidelines established by Holtzblatt et al. 1998. Notes representing user-provided data were documented during observation sessions. An affinity diagram, a hierarchal organization of the notes based on common themes in the data, was created. Five graphical models were developed to help visualize the data including sequence, flow, artifact, physical, and cultural models. Results: A total of six pathologists were observed by a team of two researchers. A total of 254 affinity notes were documented and organized using a system based on topical hierarchy, including 75 third-level, 24 second-level, and five main-level categories, including technology, communication, synthesis/preparation, organization, and workflow. Current AP workflow was labor intensive and lacked scalability. A large number of processes that may possibly improve following the introduction of digital pathology systems were identified. These work processes included case management, case examination and review, and final case reporting. Furthermore, a digital slide system should integrate with the anatomic pathologic laboratory information system. Conclusions: To our knowledge, this is the first study that utilized the contextual inquiry method to document AP workflow. Findings were used to establish key requirements for the design of digital pathology systems.
Keywords: Anatomic pathology, contextual inquiry, workflow, digital pathology
Ho J, Aridor O, Parwani AV. Use of contextual inquiry to understand anatomic pathology workflow: Implications for digital pathology adoption. J Pathol Inform 2012;3:35
Ho J, Aridor O, Parwani AV. Use of contextual inquiry to understand anatomic pathology workflow: Implications for digital pathology adoption. J Pathol Inform [serial online] 2012 [cited 2020 Jan 20];3:35. Available from: http://www.jpathinformatics.org/text.asp?2012/3/1/35/101794
The pathologist's workflow in the practice of anatomic pathology (AP) has traditionally been a complicated manual process where pathologists microscopically examine stained slices of formalin-fixed, paraffin-embedded tissue affixed to glass slides. These findings are consolidated and interpreted by the pathologist in the context of the clinical representation and other laboratory or radiographic studies and a diagnosis is rendered and reported, a process defined as sign-out.
With advances in information technology and the evolution of the electronic medical record (EMR), the pathologist have been able to record specimen encounters in greater detail, to more easily manage and distribute final reports, and more accurately bill for procedures performed. The AP laboratory information system (APLIS) is being increasingly utilized by the pathology department to manage these tasks. [1] Currently, many members of the pathology and histology departments regularly interact with these computerized information systems throughout the workday, including administrative assistants, transcriptionists, histotechnologists, and pathologists. Vendors of these commercially available electronic systems struggle to design and provide a single solution for many different AP workflows.
While workflow enhancements provided by the move to computerized systems have collectively improved workflow efficiency, the pathologist's individual enhancements have been diluted. Anecdotally, some pathologists even avoid direct interaction with these new electronic information systems by using older, "legacy" technologies. For example, many pathologists still use tape dictation instead of using "newer" technologies such as voice-recognition software because, despite greater costs, these "older" technologies still provide a more time-efficient workflow. Furthermore, the rising trend of subspecialization within the practice of pathology, i.e., subspecialists review, interpret, and report only cases related to their subspecialty, offers a higher rate of expertise for case interpretation, but also offers the opportunity of a workflow tailored to a specific organ system. For example, workflow in dermatopathology (characterized by high volume of cases, smaller number of slides per case, and smaller tissue sections) is markedly different from soft tissue pathology (characterized by lower volume, greater number of slides per case, and larger tissue sections). Unfortunately, the "one size fits all" approach of current APLIS systems does not provide for customization of each subspecialist's workflow.
In parallel, recent rapid advances in the technology of scanning and digitizing entire glass slides, known as whole slide imaging or digital slides, promise to replace the microscope and glass slides as a tool for the pathologist in sign-out workflow. [2],[3] Digital slides and their supporting pathology information management software have the potential to efficiently support workload distribution and reduce the errors caused by the current manual exchange of paperwork and glass slides from the histology lab to administrative support and finally to the pathologist. To be adopted by pathologists, a "digital slide/digital pathology system" comprised of digital slides and supporting information management software to manage the information in these slides would need to provide compelling workflow advantages over the current "glass slide system" comprised of a microscope and glass slides.
Inefficiencies that exist in the current AP workflow may potentially be alleviated by a digital slide system. However, identifying these inefficiencies and designing a new system using digital slides is a complex task. It first entails a detailed understanding of the AP workflow and needs of the key user, the pathologist. Many social, qualitative methods, such as interviews, focus sessions, and surveys, can be utilized to collect feedback from users to help identify requirements for engineering or/and designing new technology/systems. However, all these methods depend on the user's ability to clearly articulate his/hers needs, an inherently difficult action. Holtzblatt et al. developed and designed contextual inquiry as a user-centered, qualitative method that can help gather unarticulated knowledge about work, collect low level details of work that have become habitual and invisible, and provide data about structure of work practice rather than market characterization. [4] Using the contextual inquiry method, members of the design team gather detailed design data while they observe users at their workplace doing their work. Observers employ a "master-apprentice" model, whereby the users teach the observers how their work is performed, while the observers ask questions about the work and document their observations and discussions using notes. Artifacts, i.e., physical objects and forms used to accomplish work tasks, are discussed and collected for future reference. If possible, multiple carefully selected interviewees are recruited for the contextual inquiry sessions. About 10-20 interviews are usually sufficient for an analysis. Once all contextual interviews are performed, data is consolidated from all the interviews to provide a representation of work across all users. [4]
Contextual inquiry can uncover aspects of workflow important to software and device design that cannot be discovered by other techniques, such as surveys or focus groups. [5] A small number of studies reported the use of contextual inquiry for design of medical devices and information systems within the hospital/medical environment. [5],[6],[7],[8],[9] To date, several studies focused on AP workflow, but none utilized social techniques to observe the pathologist's workflow. [10],[11],[12],[13],[14],[15],[16] To our knowledge, the following study is the first study to document contextual inquiry models in AP workflow. The objectives of this study are to apply the contextual inquiry method to: (1) provide formal documentation of the routine sign-out workflow of pathologists at a large academic medical center; (2) identify inefficiencies and problems within the current glass slide-based AP workflow that can be possibly improved by the introduction of digital pathology systems; and (3) provide guidelines for key design requirements of new digital pathology systems.
Contextual inquiries and modeling sessions were conducted according to guidelines suggested by Holtzblatt et al.[4]
Pathologists from a single large academic medical center were observed/interviewed while conducting routine sign-out service. In academic pathology practices, pathologists typically perform a subspecialty-based sign-out service as they review only cases related to their subspecialty. To reflect this trend, pathology subspecialists representing the most common subspecialities at academic pathology centers were selected for the observation sessions.
Initial observation sessions were conducted with all selected pathologists. Several follow-up sessions were conducted to observe sign-out of cases that required additional stains and, therefore, were not signed out during the initial sessions. Each initial observation session lasted 2-3 hours and each follow-up session lasted 1-2 hours. The volume of reviewed cases at each session varied according to case complexity, subspecialty, type of specimen, number of interruptions, and pathologist.
Observations were conducted by a team of two researchers. Both researchers were graduate students; one researcher was a practicing dermatopathologist. During each session, the researchers employed a master-apprentice model while the pathologist (the "master") was performing sign-out service. Researchers carefully collected information about artifacts, sources of information, tasks and sequences of tasks, and interruptions. Researchers documented their findings utilizing notes representing user-provided data. "Breakdowns" (i.e., anything that interrupted the user from accomplishing his work) and potential design ideas were captured as well. No personally identifiable patient or pathologist/ interviewee information was documented or collected.
Affinity diagram
Following the completion of each observation session, researchers conducted an interpretation session to review their user-provided notes and capture them as "affinity notes." Interpretation sessions occurred within 72 hours of the initial observation session. To help identify common issues, work patterns, and needs, affinity notes were arranged into hierarchical categories based on common themes in the data to create an "affinity diagram." Following the conclusion of all observation and interpretation sessions, all affinity notes were used to create a consolidated affinity diagram.
To help visualize the work process and provide context to the data, five graphical models were created following each observation session. At the conclusion of all sessions data was consolidated and five consolidated models were developed.
The flow model captured the flow of physical artifacts as well as data and communication between the key users and other individuals and/or groups and information systems. The sequence model documented the main work tasks, activities and actual steps that users performed to accomplish various work tasks. Different steps performed by different users to conduct an identical activity were documented and represented as different strategies. In addition, the triggers for each work task, as well as breakdowns in the ongoing work, were captured. The artifact model documented and described the physical objects (devices and/or forms) that supported the work. Each artifact model included an image of the artifact and provided information about its usage, intent, and in-detail description of the artifact parts important for usage. The cultural model captured the general policies, values, relationships and other factors that impact the user's workflow and decision-making. The physical model captured the physical layout of the work environment as documented via drawings or photographs. Breakdowns documented in the affinity notes were provided in the sequence, flow, and artifact models.
A total of six pathologists, all board certified subspecialists, including two dermatopathologists, two genitourinary pathologists, and two breast/obstetrics and gynecology (OB/GYN) pathologists, were observed in the study. Pathologists experience varied and included >10 years (n = 1), 5-10 years (n = 3), and <5 years of experience (n = 2). Each pathologist was observed in an initial contextual inquiry observation session (total six initial sessions); two follow-up sessions were conducted. The number of cases that was examined by the pathologist during a single observation session ranged from <15 to >30.
A total of 275 affinity notes were recorded; 16 notes were repeated, resulting in a total of 254 distinct affinity notes. Notes that were conceptually similar were grouped into 75 third-level categories, further categorized into 24 second-level categories, and finally into five main categories. The main categories were technology, communication, synthesis/preparation, organization, and workflow. The full consolidated affinity diagram is provided in [Table 1] in Supplement A-[Additional file 1].
Of 254 affinity notes, 54 notes were documented as breakdowns. Majority of breakdowns were recorded in three main categories: organization (n = 15), communication (n = 13), and workflow (n = 11). Of the seven breakdowns recorded in the technology category, six were attributed to the APLIS. The number of breakdowns also differed by subspecialty bench: 25 breakdowns occurred on the dermatopathology bench, 16 on the breast/OB/GYN bench, and 13 on the genitourinary bench.
Flow Model
The AP workflow is comprised of a specimen life cycle, initiated by the clinician with the removal of a specimen from the patient, and terminated with the receipt of a final pathology report at the clinician's office. The flow model [Figure 1] describes all users involved in the specimen lifecycle and their responsibilities, as well as all systems utilized to support this work. The model documents the flow of artifacts and communication between the various users and systems utilized during the specimen life cycle.
Figure 1: Consolidated flow model. APLIS = anatomic pathology laboratory information system; BD = breakdown; EMR = electronic medical record; IHC = immunohistochemistry. The consolidated flow model documents the flow of information and artifacts between all users involved in the AP workflow. As shown, the pathologist is the main user in the AP workflow. Circles represent individuals and/or well-defined user groups; rectangles represent information sources and artifacts and items of communication. Sections of the AP workflow that are not part of the routine sign-out workflow are indicated (orange). Breakdowns in the flow of information or artifacts are indicated in parenthesis (red)
As shown in [Figure 1], the pathologist is the key user within the AP workflow, communicating with all individuals/groups and information system involved in the specimen lifecycle. The pathologist interacted with a total of 10 individuals/groups including histotechnologists at the histology and immunohistochemical (IHC) labs, gross room/pathology assistants, pathology residents/fellows, pathology colleagues, pathology experts at other institutions, and support staff (including courier, medical transcriptionist, and administrative assistants). A total of four information systems, including the APLIS, EMR, radiology information system, and reference resources were involved. A total of 18 artifacts including specimen, cassettes, requisition sheet, glass slides (including hematoxylin and eosin (H and E)-stained and IHC-stained slides, blank slides, slides assigned for quality assurance (QA), slides sent to archive), final report, accession log, clinical/surgeon notes, and dictation/transcription notes were exchanged [Figure 1].
The overall events in the specimen life cycle, which serves as the basis for the AP workflow documented within the flow model, are described in detail below.
Procedure and Requisition
The clinician collects specimen/s (e.g., tissue, bone, etc.) from the patient and completes a requisition form. Specimen/s can vary in size, ranging from smaller tissue sections such as biopsies (e.g., needle biopsies) to whole organs removed during surgery (e.g., uterus, large bowel segments, others). Specimen/s and forms are packaged and sent to a predetermined pathology lab.
The package is received at the histology lab and an accession (instance of receipt of a package) is created in the APLIS. The accession is assigned an accession number. If the package contains several specimens collected from the patient (e.g., several biopsies collected from several body parts), each specimen is defined as a "part." Each accession can thus have multiple parts.
Gross Examination
At the gross room, a pathology assistant examines the specimen/tissue from each part and dictates the macroscopic description of the specimen using a transcription service. The pathology assistant decides which tissue portions are appropriate for further microscopic examination. Larger tissue portions are dissected into smaller portions (no larger than 2.0 × 2.5 × 0.3 cm) and placed into cassettes. Each part can occupy multiple cassettes. The pathologist assistant records a "key" for each cassette which associates a description of the tissue with a cassette number and part number.
Cassettes carrying specimen sections are placed in formalin. Smaller specimens, such as needle biopsies, fix rapidly and typically require less hours of fixation (about 5 hours) compared to larger, denser tissue samples such as excisional biopsies and surgically removed organs (≥12 hours). Following fixation, cassettes are placed into a tissue processor; during processing, the tissue sections undergo hydration and clearing and are infiltrated with paraffin. Formalin-fixed tissue from each cassette is oriented and placed into a mold and then embedded into a paraffin block. A histotechnologist cuts into the block to create thin slices/sections of tissue and mounts appropriate tissue sections onto glass slides. These initial tissue cuts are routinely stained with H and E. Each slide is labeled with an accession number, part number, block number, and stain type. After H and E staining, glass slides are collated by part, accession number, and subspecialty bench into slide trays and delivered to the appropriate pathologist by a histotechnologist or a courier.
Case Examination
A pathologist (or pathology resident/fellow) receives and reviews the slides. The pathologist quickly glances at the slides within the slide tray to obtain important information about the case prior to examining each slide under the microscope. Frequently, at this stage, the pathologist is able to deduce specimen and procedure type based on the specimen shape, number of blocks, number of slides per block, stain type, and sometimes even determine a preliminary diagnosis. The pathologist then proceeds and examines the slides using the microscope. If additional clarification on findings provided by the initial slides is required, additional stains (i.e., special and/or IHC stains) and cuts are ordered via the APLIS. For interpretation of complex specimens the pathologist retrieves additional clinical information from various sources, including lab results from the EMR, operatory notes from the surgeon, letters of correspondence from other physicians, and radiology reports.
Creation of Final Report
The pathologist dictates or types a final report that communicates a final diagnosis into the APLIS. Once a pathologist signs-out a case by typing in a password the final pathology report is memorialized as a permanent part of the patient's medical record. An addenda is created if additional stains are examined after case sign-out or if the pathologist has to provide additional explanations or information per the clinician's request.
The specimen life cycle mentioned above refers to the typical, routine case sign-out, the focus of this study, as well as teaching at the academic center. However, the flow model provided in [Figure 1] captures additional, more specific workflows within the AP workflow, such as consultations, quality assurance, and frozen sections. These specific workflows are not discussed in further detail in this study.
Sequence Model
The sequence model captured the ordered steps that the academic pathologist performed to complete a routine case sign-out. The consolidated sequence model provided in [Table 2] in Supplement B-[Additional file 2] combines findings from six individual sequence models prepared for each individual pathologist observed in the study. The consolidated sequence model contains four major sections, based on four major overall intents/tasks conducted during routine sign-out and their respective triggers: 1. Prepare for the day's workload (trigger: arrival of case packages to pathologist); 2. Make and deliver diagnoses (trigger: cases organized and ready for review); 3. Obtain more morphological information about a case (trigger: decision point during case examination that requires additional morphological information to clarify findings); and 4. Aggregate slides with different stains for a case in review (trigger: arrival of slides with pending stains to pathologist). The main activities during sign-out included: "Estimate the day's workload," "gather and organize information relevant to a case," "examine a case," and "communicate a diagnosis." Tasks that were subloops triggered during the activity "examine a case" included "order additional stains" and "organize materials for cases pending additional stains."
The task that required the highest number of steps was "make and deliver diagnoses." A total of 41 abstract steps were performed (and documented as strategy 1) during two activities-"examine a case" and "communicate a diagnosis." Steps used to conduct the activity "examine a case" were remarkably similar between pathologists, with only small variations (presented as extra steps in strategy 2), such as "annotating slides with felt tip pens." The activity "communicate the diagnosis" involved similar number of steps in the dictation strategy (n = 10) (strategy 1) and direct text entry strategy (n = 8) (strategy 2). When pathologists decided that progressing to the next step in the activity "examine a case" required additional information (such as either ordering additional stains from the histology lab, ordering additional tissue to be submitted, checking the EMR for additional results or notes, and/or calling the clinician to request additional clinical information), subloops were triggered. Upon completion of these subloops, case examination was resumed.
Except for the activity "preparing for the day's workload," the majority of activities were performed numerous times throughout the day. Majority of documented breakdowns were related to the inability to monitor case status, missing materials or relevant information, and problems with the APLIS.
Cultural Model
The consolidated cultural model, provided in [Figure 2], identified the general policies, values, constrains, relationships, and other factors that influence the academic pathologist's workflow and decision-making. The main goal of the pathologist was to provide accurate diagnosis, delivered to the client, the clinicians, in a timely manner. A pathologist's reputation among clinicians was measured by both the quality of the reported diagnoses and timeliness of reporting. Although the pathologist wanted to verify that his/her provided diagnoses were carefully crafted, complete, and error-free prior to finalizing the report and sending it to the clinician, he/she also wanted to reduce turnaround time. The pathologist was also required to comply with documentation policies and standards throughout the specimen lifecycle, especially in the creation of the final report. The academic pathologist relied on other users within the AP workflow to achieve this goal: the histology lab and courier to support specimen processing and delivery of slides as soon as possible, while the residents and/or fellows to help analyze the slides and provide a diagnosis. The APLIS, used by the pathologist to communicate with other users, manage/track specimen, and construct and provide the final report, played a critical role in the pathologist work. The APLIS was frequently a major cause for frustrations.
Figure 2: Consolidated cultural model. The cultural model shows the main influences on the academic pathologist. The arrow represents the main goal of the pathologist (deliver accurate and timely diagnoses). The various factors affecting the pathologist-values (patient care, competition), policies, information systems/resources (IT/APLIS), and other users within the AP workflow (clinician, histology, resident/ fellow, courier)-are all represented as overlapping circles. Text in italics describes the main concerns for each influencing factor
Physical Model
Details of the pathologist's office/working area are provided in [Figure 3]. The workstation typically consisted of a desk equipped with a microscope (single or multi-headed) and a computer with access to the APLIS. Glass slides provided within slide trays and accompanied by paperwork were delivered to the workstation. The pathologist performed all activities required to complete sign-out while sitting at the workstation. The microscope and computer, as well as packages of cases/slide trays being reviewed were within arm's length. Newly arrived unmatched slides/cases and slide trays of cases pending either additional stains, quality assurance review or other action items (for example, call clinician) were within the pathologist's sight but usually not within arm's reach.
Figure 3: Consolidated physical model. The physical model provides details of the pathologist office/working area. 1. attending pathologist's seat; 2. multiheaded microscope; 3. primary fellow/resident's seat; 4. slide trays of cases currently being examined; 5. working drafts/ requisition sheets; 6. new slides are dropped off and completed slides are picked up; 7. cases pending quality assurance review; 8. cases set aside for other purposes; 9. large monitor screen (connected to APLIS); 10. cases pending IHC stains; 11. cases pending special stains; 12. cases pending additional tissue re-cuts and levels; 13. computer workstation used by fellows/residents; 14. computer workstation used to access the APLIS and EMR; 15. telephone; 16. bookshelf
Artifact Model
A total of eight artifacts were collected and included in this model: the microscope, slide tray, glass slides, requisition sheet, accession log, glass slide annotations, paper working draft, and the final report. All eight artifact models are provided in Supplement C-[Additional file 3]; three key artifacts will be discussed in further detail below.
The optical microscope was the tool used by pathologists to examine microscopic glass slides. The microscope has several controls utilized by the pathologists to examine the field of view. Microscope settings (including eyepiece, stage, and lighting) were maintained from day to day. However, some pathologists optimized settings at the beginning of the day to minimize the number of minor adjustments required while examining slides throughout the day. The most commonly used controls were the magnification changer, the fine focus knob, and the condenser. Microscopes were typically equipped with multiple lens objectives, providing various options for tissue magnification. The Pathologist used low magnification objectives (i.e., 2× and 4×) to obtain an overview of the tissue and to screen for areas of interest. Medium magnification objectives (i.e., 10× and 20×) were used to confirm findings seen at low magnifications and to identify additional areas of interest on the slide. High magnification objectives (i.e., 40× and 60××) were used to confirm findings obtained at the low and medium magnifications and to examine in detail cellular morphological features.
Pathologists reported that they typically examine hundreds of glass slides daily. The number of slides for each case ranged from as few as one or two slides prepared from a single specimen part to as many as 60 or more slides prepared from multiple specimen parts. Each slide had a label, typically a sticker that provided the pathologist with information about the accession number, part and block number, and stain type. Frequently, pathologists were able to identify stain type by a quick, visual scanning of the tissue. While slides produced by the histology laboratory were fairly consistent, occasionally variations occurred. Standard protocols were developed and implemented by the histology laboratory to limit the number of tissue pieces that may be placed within each cassette, as well as the number of sections/ slices that may be placed on each slide. Tissue was affixed near the center of the glass slide.
Glass Slide Annotations
Pathologists marked the glass slides with a fine-tip, felt-tip pen. These markings indicated important findings on specific slides that should be included in the final report. In addition, they helped the pathologist perform rough calculations for prognostic factors and match regions of interest on different slides.
Anatomic surgical pathologists' workflow has arguably not seen any major changes since the introduction of IHC stains. However, the workflow is mature and has undergone many refinements throughout its history. Nonetheless, we noted much inefficiency in the AP workflow and identified a large number of step/processes that may improve following the introduction of a digital slide system, as identified below:
Keeping track of cases and their related glass slides was a routine task that required significant time and attention. Furthermore, as case volume increased, the logistics of the tracking process became more complicated; hence the process had poor scalability. Matching slides to cases was constantly required throughout the day. No effective method was available to track the status of pending stains, frequently resulting in "orphaned" slides. Pathologists were very vigilant about potential specimen misidentification errors. If implemented properly, a digital slide system could automatically match and deliver cases, streamline the stain ordering process, and help pathologists perform cross checking for specimen misidentification.
Case Examination/Review
Once cases were assembled and presented to the pathologists, case examination was an extremely efficient process. Pathologists were very skilled at gleaning information about a case from glancing at the slides arranged within the slide tray: pathologists were able to deduce the specimen and procedure type based on the shape of the specimen, the number of blocks, the number of slides per block, stain type, and sometimes even determine the diagnosis without examining the slides under the microscope. Pathologists were very skilled at examining the slides under a microscope: pathologists had an extensive knowledge of staining patterns and a deep understanding of how disease states change these patterns.
Pathologists often had to spend considerable time to retrieve additional clinical information from different sources, such as the EMR or the radiology information system, while reviewing complex cases. A digital pathology system should interface with these information systems, automatically retrieve these data, and present it to the pathologists on an as needed basis. Pathologists also expressed frustration with tedious tasks performed at high magnification, such as identifying mitoses, eosinophils, and microorganisms. The introduction of computer algorithms that can identify these morphologies within a digital slide would likely be adopted by pathologists.
Case Reporting and Developing Relationships with Clinicians
The final report communicated a diagnosis and information that helped clinicians determine a course of treatment for their patients. First and foremost, pathologists wanted their reports to be accurate and complete and to reflect their level of professionalism. The final report was also identified as the primary factor in the development of trusting relationships between pathologists and their referring clinicians. Therefore, pathologists were concerned about the overall quality of their final reports and carefully crafted their reports. While a digital slide system might improve some aspects of the workflow, the greater potential is to change the way reporting is performed.
APLIS
The APLIS served a large and significant role in driving the pathologist's workflow. However, the APLIS also had a significant role in driving the workflow of other users, including histotechnologists, pathologist assistants, transcriptionists, and administrative assistants. This study focused on the observation of pathologists (and their resident/fellow trainees) while conducting their work. However, the output of work conducted by other individuals and groups involved in specimen life cycle, such as gross examination, receipt and execution of stain orders, transcription, and printing the working draft was also observed and documented. Occasionally, the APLIS also fulfilled the role of a virtual working draft during case review. The APLIS was used to report the final diagnosis although limited to a faxed report sent upon case sign-out. A digital pathology system would need to integrate with the APLIS.
Key Recommendations for Digital Pathology Systems
Based on our findings, we offer 12 concepts important to AP workflow as key guidelines for vendors of digital pathology systems to support design of new digital pathology systems.
Pathologists feel "at home" with their optical microscopes and glass slides. This workflow has been refined over hundreds of years and will be difficult to replace. Although digital pathology systems cannot replicate the glass slide examination experience, they need to offer a similar experience when examining the digital slide, as well as offer advantages that offset the digital shortcomings.
The functionality of the slide tray should not be disregarded. The slide tray delivers key information to the pathologists just prior to slide examination.
Consider the practicality of the paper working draft or a virtual working draft using the APLIS. It provides clinical information critical to case interpretation. It also serves as a place to document and organize the initial thoughts of the pathologists and therefore provides an outline for the final report. The working draft also serves as a to-do list.
Pathologists deliver their patient care via their final reports. Their professional reputation largely depends on the accuracy, completeness, and timeliness of their final reports.
It is important for pathologists to develop trusting relationships with their clinicians. Good relationships with clinicians cultivate additional referrals.
Pathologists like to have a relative idea of the amount and types of cases they will review on a daily basis, to help them plan and prioritize their work accordingly.
The manner pathologists plan to approach a case is strongly influenced by specimen type.
Pathologists expect their work to be reviewed by other professionals within the healthcare system. They are expected to document not only key diagnoses and important findings but also document the interpretation of stains (for billing purposes) and communication/consultation with other pathologists and physicians.
Pathologists use several information sources to support case interpretation.
Orientation of tissue within the block and slide is important. Pathologists examine tissue slices while keeping the big picture in mind. They use tissue shapes/morphology, gross examination descriptions, disease markers (e.g., IHC stains), and clinical information (e.g., operatory notes, radiology reports) to provide context to the tissue slices.
Pathologists are trained to recognize differences between normal and abnormal tissue based on staining patterns of a large number of stains (but particularly H and E stains) and relate these differences to disease processes.
Sophisticated communication between the digital slide system and the existing APLIS will be required.
To our knowledge, this is the first study that utilized the contextual inquiry method to study routine pathology workflow. Although AP workflow has existed and been refined over several hundreds of years, it still contains much inefficiency. Furthermore, the current AP workflow is labor intensive and lacks scalability. While a fully digital workflow can help improve some workflow inefficiencies, developers of digital slide systems should ensure that the new systems also provide the functionality offered by the current glass slide-based AP workflow. Future studies should be conducted to examine specific workflows within AP, such as quality assurance and consultation workflows, differences between workflows in various subspecialty benches, and explore in more detail pathologists' behavior while using the microscope and glass slides.
We thank Valerie Monaco, PhD, MHCI, for her support and guidance as a faculty advisor/mentor.
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7. Viitanen J. Redesigning digital dictation for physicians: A user-centered approach. Health Informatics J 2009;15:179-90.
8. Viitanen J. Contextual inquiry method for user-centred clinical IT system design. Stud Health Technol Inform 2011;169:965-9.
9. Revere D, St. Anna LA, Ketchell DS, Kauff D, Gaster B, Timberlake D. Using contextual inquiry to inform design of a clinical information tool. Proc AMIA Symp 2001:1007.
10. Buffone GJ, Moreau D, Beck JR. Workflow computing. Improving management and efficiency of pathology diagnostic services. Am J Clin Pathol 1996;105:S17-24.
11. Grimm EE, Schmidt RA. Reengineered workflow in the anatomic pathology laboratory: Costs and benefits. Arch Pathol Lab Med 2009;133:601-4.
12. Kalinski T, Sel S, Hofmann H, Zwonitzer R, Bernarding J, Roessner A. Digital workflow management for quality assessment in pathology. Pathol Res Pract 2008;204:17-21.
13. Schmidt RA, Simmons K, Grimm EE, Middlebrooks M, Changchien R. Integration of scanned document management with the anatomic pathology laboratory information system: Analysis of benefits. Am J Clin Pathol 2006;126:678-83.
14. Teplitz C, Cipriani M, Dicostanzo D, Sarlin J. Automated speech-recognition anatomic pathology (ASAP) reporting. Semin Diagn Pathol 1994;11:245-52.
15. Tuthill M. Automating anatomic pathology. Implementing an AP solution that integrates with your hospital's LIS can improve workflow and productivity. Health Manag Technol 2008;29:18, 20.
16. Riben M, Nesbitt L, Ninan S, Routbort M. Real-time process "defect" collection within the anatomic pathology laboratory to facilitate informatics driven workflow optimization. AMIA Annu Symp Proc 2008:1110.
1 Digital pathology in clinical use: where are we now and what is holding us back?
Jon Griffin,Darren Treanor
Histopathology. 2017; 70(1): 134
2 Sociotechnical Analysis of Health Information Exchange Consent Processes in an HIV Clinic
S. Raquel Ramos,Peter Gordon,Suzanne Bakken,Rebecca Schnall
Journal of the Association of Nurses in AIDS Care. 2016; 27(6): 792
3 Understanding and supporting histopathology slide sorting
Colin Swindells,Melanie Tory,Robert Kincaid,Guy Evans
Behaviour & Information Technology. 2016; : 1
4 Understanding the dispensary workflow at the Birmingham Free Clinic: a proposed framework for an informatics intervention
Arielle M. Fisher,Mary I. Herbert,Gerald P. Douglas
BMC Health Services Research. 2016; 16(1)
5 A lab-on-a-chip system integrating tissue sample preparation and multiplex RT-qPCR for gene expression analysis in point-of-care hepatotoxicity assessment
Geok Soon Lim,Joseph S. Chang,Zhang Lei,Ruige Wu,Zhiping Wang,Kemi Cui,Stephen Wong
Lab Chip. 2015; 15(20): 4032
6 Human Factors and Human-Computer Considerations in Teleradiology and Telepathology
Elizabeth Krupinski
Healthcare. 2014; 2(1): 94
Ho J
Aridor O
Parwani AV
contextual inquiry
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© Journal of Pathology Informatics | Published by Wolters Kluwer - Medknow
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Online first About the Journal Current issue Archive Publication Ethics Instructions for Authors Instructions for Reviewers Editorial Office Editorial Board Contact Reviewers 2016 All Reviewers 2017 2018 2019
Reviewers 2016 All Reviewers 2017 2018 2019
All authors whose manuscript will be accepted for publication will be exempted from publication fee in the Journal of Pre-Clinical and Clinical Research
Manuscripts prepared in cooperation by authors from various international centres will be treated as a priority.
The journal “Journal of Pre-Clinical and Clinical Research” using the Open Access model publishes: original and review articles, letters to the editors, and other materials. All original articles, review articles and case reports are reviewed. The journal will consider articles from every legitimate specialty. We are particularly interested in: medicine, human and animal physiology, clinical pharmacology, oncology, molecular cell biology, toxicology, biotechnology, biophysics.
JPCCR endorses ORCID ( https://orcid.org/about/what-is-orcid/mission) and requires that all authors provide an ORCID iD when submitting a manuscript. We encourage coauthors to register and use their ORCID as well.
1. Original articles, short reports, review articles and case reports should be submitted to the Editors exclusively by electronic panel. Please use the editorial panel available on the website: www.jpccr.eu passing to the bookmark Authors Pathway, and follow further instructions. The remaining types of submissions, i.e. letters to editors, conference reports and book reviews should be sent to the address: jpccr.edit@gmail.com
2. Original articles must contain the following: introduction, objectives, material and methods, results, discussion, conclusions, and references. Abstracts of original articles should consist of 1,400-1,800 characters, including spaces, and divided into: introduction and objective, materials and methods, results, conclusions.
3. Review articles must contain: introduction and objective, description of the state of knowledge, summary, and references. Abstracts of review articles should consist of 1,400-1,800 characters, including spaces, and divided into: introduction and objective, abbreviated description of the state of knowledge, summary.
4. Original and review articles must contain 3 - 6 key words selected with consideration of the terms contained in ‘Medical Subject Headings’ MeSH.
5. List of references:
The list of references is the responsibility of the author. References should be quoted in square brackets in order of citation. References must be in accordance with the principles established by the ‘Uniform Requirements for Manuscripts Submitted to Biomedical Journals’ (www.nlm.nih.gov/bsd/uniform_requirements.html).
The list of references must be sent directly in the editorial system.
Authors should focus on recent papers and papers older than eight years should not be included except for an overriding purpose.
Each reference should contain: surnames and first letters of authors’ names, title of the article, abbreviated title of the journal, year of publication, volume number, issue number, numbers of the first and last pages. If there are more than six authors, after the sixth name, ‘et al.’ should be written.
Abbreviated titles of journals indexed on the Medline (PubMed) database should be quoted according to the NLM Catalogue (http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/nlmcatalog), and the titles of the remaining journals according to the version provided by the editors of individual journals.
If the article has a DOI (Digital Object Identifier) number, please enter it at the end of the bibliographic record as a full link, e.g. https://doi.org/10.26444/jpccr/93936.
The website references should contain the date of downloading or reviewing of the file in brackets after the URL address (Uniform Resource Locator). Punctuation must be maintained precisely according to the examples of references presented below:
Article in a journal
Nurowska E, Tumiatti V, Dworakowska B. Effect of polyamines on the nicotinic ACh receptor. J Pre-Clin Clin Res. 2018;12(3):73-76. https://doi.org/10.26444/jpccr/93936.
Ballou SP, Kushner I, Kelly W, Harris E, Ruddy S. Laboratory evaluation of inflammation. Textbook of Rheumatology. 5th ed. Philadelphia,1996.
Section in a book
Krotochwil-Skrzypkowa M. Post-vaccination reactions and complications. In: Dębiec B, Magdzik W, editors. Preventive vacinations. Ed. 2. Warsaw; 1991. p. 76-81.
Phillips SJ, Whisnant JP. Hypertension and stroke. In: Laragh JH, Brenner BM, editors. Hypertension: pathophysiology, diagnosis, and management. 2nd ed. New York: Raven Press; 1995. p. 465-78.
Kimura J, Shibasaki H, editors. Recent advances in clinical neurophysiology. Proceedings of the l0th International Congress of EMG and Clinical Neurophysiology; 1995 Oct 15-19; Kyoto, Japan. Amsterdam, Elsevier; 1996.
Website materials
Caron J. Predictors of quality of life in schizophrenia. www.scie-socialcareonline.org.uk/profile.asp?guid=bbc52e0e-c00f-4c05-8a42-49c123963900 (access: 2010.04.29).
6. Evaluation of the manuscript (principle of reviewing publications)
- The manuscripts registered are subject to anonymous review. The manuscripts are sent to at least two independent reviewers from outside the Institute.
- In other solutions, the reviewer must sign a declaration concerning the lack of a conflict of interests. Conflict of interest are considered as:
a) direct personal relationships (blood relation, legal relations, conflict);
b) relations of occupational subordination;
c) direct scientific cooperation within the last two years preceding the review.
- The process of reviewing the manuscript should not last longer than 6 weeks; however, the Editors cannot guarantee a specified date of making the decision.
- The review is in written form and ends with an unequivocal conclusion concerning the acceptance of the manuscript for publication or its rejection.
- The final decision concerning the acceptance of a manuscript for publication, acceptance under the condition of making corrections, or the decision to reject the manuscript, is the right of the Editors and is not open to discussion. The Editors do not have to justify their decisions.
- The surnames of reviewers of individual publications/issues are not revealed; once a year, the journal publishes the list of cooperating reviewers.
7. An explanation concerning “ ghostwriting” and “ guest authorship”
– The editors require from the authors of articles that they reveal the contribution of individual authors to the manuscript (quoting their affiliation and contribution, i.e. who is the author of the concept, assumptions, methods, protocol, etc., used while writing the manuscript), the primary author bearing the responsibility for the manuscript submitted.
– The editors explain that “ ghostwriting” (“ ghostwriting” is undertaken by a professional writer who writes books, articles, etc., based on detailed information provided, but the work is officially credited to someone else, without the name of the ghostwriter being mentioned) and “ guest authorship” (occurs when the contribution of the author is very little or not at all, despite which he/she is the named author/co-author of the manuscript) are a manifestation of scientific unreliability, and all detected cases will be disguised, including the informing of proper parties (institutions employing the authors, scientific societies, scientific editors associations, etc.).
– The Editors request provision of information concerning the sources of financing the article, contribution of scientific-research institutions, associations and other parties (‘financial disclosure’).
– The editors document any manifestations of scientific unreliability, especially the breaking and violating of ethical principles in effect in science.
8. Reservations
Articles which do not fall within the scope of problems of the journal and do not satisfy the requirements concerning the text layout and references will not be accepted. The Editors reserve the right to correct syntax errors, correct nomenclature, and make necessary abbreviations, correct and supplement references without prior consultation with the author. The Editors do not verify quotations and translations thereof; therefore, any quotations and their translations from foreign languages must be prepared by the responsible author of the article.
9. Statements
Submission of an article for publication in the journal Journal of Pre-Clinical and Clinical Research is unequivocal with the provision of a statement by the author that there is no ‘conflict of interests’ which occurs when the author remains in a financial or personal relationships which unjustly affects his/her actions associated with publication of the manuscript.
Prior to the beginning of the publication process the author or authors of submitted articles are obliged to:
a) submission to JPCCR of a written certificate signed by the all authors that the article has not been published anywhere previously, or submitted for publication to any other journal
b) submit to JPCCR a written certificate with the legible signatures of all authors, concerning copyright transfer of the manuscript to the Institute, signed by the author(s) of the article and accept the full text of the Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial 3.0 Poland (also known as CC BY-NC);
c) submit to JPCCR a cover letter;
Certificates referred to in Clause ( a) and ( b) may also be provided in an electronic form, as a scan of the document signed by the author(s).
The Certificates should be provided together with the manuscript files.
Dear authors, in the case of a change being made to the title of an article, please provide new certificates with the proposed CHANGED TITLE with the legible signatures of ALL AUTHORS
All authors whose manuscript will be accepted for publication will be exempted from publication fee in the JPCCR.
11. Requirements concerning formatting of the manuscript and illustrations
• The manuscript should be sent in the form of electronic files without final formatting (preferably 12 point font, 1.5 line spacing, paragraphs distinguished with a one line space between each paragraph, titles must not be distinguished by a different font, do not split words between lines, columns in tables divided by single tabulator, acknowledgements inserted automatically, do not format by repeating spaces, do not precede punctuation marks by spaces, do not use so-called ‘hard space’.
• llustrations, prints, graphs, and photos must be submitted in separate files. Their proper position in the text should be indicated. Numerical data should be added to create the graphs.
• When in doubt, please contact the address: jpccr.edit@gmail.com, tel. +48 817184 491.
Herbal medicine for treatment and prevention of liver diseases
Dihydroergotamine (DHE) – Is there a place for its use?
Evaluation of clinical effectiveness of Aloe vera – a review
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| class="infolink" | [[Max: Writeups & Retrospectives]]
| Articles, reviews and other pre-internet writings about Max.
| class="infodesc" | Articles, reviews and other pre-internet writings about Max.
| class="infolink" | [[Max: Essays]]
OFFICIAL MAX HEADROOM TIME IS
This site aims to be the complete word on everything related to Max Headroom:
'80s icon, TV show host & star, satirist and meme. If it's Max... you'll find it here.
"Max. M-Max. Max Headroom...” Coming Soon: The anchor of the infobanks.
Max: Shows & Episodes The six seasons of shows head-head-headlined by Max Headroom.
Max: Other Appearances The many appearances of Max on other shows & media.
Max: The Advertising Max's adventures in the world of advertising.(New Coke is down there ↓)
Max: The New Coke Campaign Coming Soon: Max's attempts to sell a failed product.
Max: Actors & Characters Coming Soon: The actors and characters who appeared in the ABC series.
Max: Guests & Performers The guests and acts that appeared on the talk/video shows.
Max: Crew & Creative The many people who brought Max to the screen.
InfoBanks: Research & History
Max: Parodies The many sons (and a few hot dah-daughters) of Max Headroom.
Max: Stuff & Nonsense A growing gallery of Max merchandise, materials and ephemera.
Maxs deutscher Kram Max's brief German tour, 1989. (Seriously.)
Max: Writeups & Retrospectives Articles, reviews and other pre-internet writings about Max.
Max: Essays Critique, analysis and history of Max and his world.
Max: Timeline An increasingly-complete timeline of Max events and dates.
What It's All About The site, the project, the archives, the rationale...
And N-Now the News (Updated 12/19) Site news, updates and development plans.
Credits, Corrections & Acks I'm proud of this site, but I didn't do it with, well, no arms.
C-C-Contact Max loves to talk. So do we. Say hi. (Media inquiries welcome.)
Max Headroom turned 30 on April 4 of this year, and that shocking anniversary was the inspiration for what you're seeing here: the early stages of a completely new and long-overdue update to the site on a modern platform.
The overall organization is complete, but there is much still to come in content and style. Everything is cross-linked, of course, and detailed additions to the linking will be an ongoing effort. Feel free to jump in anywhere and follow the connections where they take you. The top-level indexes and entry points are above.
With nearly all material transferred from the old site, I have begun begin the ongoing process of filling out these pages with additional content from the Project. A vast amount of new material is already here. The goal remains the same it has been for more than ten years: to gather together in one place every relevant detail about Max, his world and his many appearances. More than that, the purpose here is to validate all that data and strip out the endless errors, mistakes, omissions and guesses, so that what remains here is complete, reliable and, I would hope, moderately interesting to all Max fans and scholars.
This new platform has made the task of updating, expanding and correcting the contents much easier. The work continues and for a while you will run into unfinished and stub pages. Most of these have a banner at the head indicating incomplete status. Eventually, all the pages will be "complete" - but the search for more information, the addition of details and the writings about it all will continue indefinitely.
In parallel with the content, I will be evolving the style to a more Max-like one, and you might encounter some quirks as a result of that. (As Max would say, "Sorry. S-Sorry.") If you're interested in the details of what's going on here behind the scenes, you can keep an eye on the updates page. Since ev-ev-everything is an update right now, it holds a summary of the overall work process and immediate plans.
Welcome to the Max Headroom Chronicles... v3.0 and continuing.
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Welcome to the monthly newsletter of the Michigan Energy Efficiency Contractors Association (MEECA). Continue reading to learn more about what's been happening as we head into late fall.
MEECA Hosts Zero Net Energy Event in Detroit
Image: The recently renovated IBEW Local 58 Zero Net Energy training facility in Corktown.
On Wednesday, November 28th, nearly forty people gathered in Detroit's Corktown neighborhood to see how a 1960s-vintage cinder block structure became Michigan's largest zero net energy (ZNE) building to date. By definition, a ZNE building self-generates at least as much energy as it consumers on an annual basis.
The owner, IBEW Local 58, wanted to bring the 33,000 square foot training facility into the 21st century and serve as a learning laboratory for the next generation of electricians. They also wanted to save money. The result is a building that no longer uses natural gas and relies exclusively on an electric geothermal system for space heating and cooling. Other highlights of the renovation include 6-inch foam structural insulated panels (SIPS) manufactured in Michigan, a 175 kilowatt DC rooftop solar system, and an number of other energy conservation measures that have yielded an Energy Star rating of 95.
On hand were project leaders Ken Nielsen and Walt Dindoffer to describe the specific technical elements that together have slashed IBEW’s monthly utility bill and delivered a comfortable modern learning environment. Also attending were other contractors and engineers who contributed their expertise. For more details about this award-winning project, check out this recent blog by Doug Elbinger.
Following the technical presentation and facility tour, the group reconvened at Slows BBQ down the street for more networking and fun. See the image gallery below for pictures from the event.
Special thanks to dinner sponsor DTE Energy, and to event sponsors Development Solutions Midwest and The Nielsen Group! Stay tuned for announcements about similar MEECA events in the coming year.
Click on each image to enlarge.
Kentwood’s PACE program promotes energy efficiency
WKTV reports on the City of Kentwood’s recent adoption of Property Assessed Clean Energy, or PACE. According to the article, Kentwood has joined 22 Michigan counties and over a dozen cities and townships in enabling the clean energy financing tool. For more information about Kentwood’s PACE program, see the article.
Taking Stock of Michigan’s Energy Efficiency Performance
In a recent interview, American Council for an Energy-Efficient Economy (ACEEE) senior fellow Marty Kushler discussed Michigan’s continuous progress in saving energy. He reviews the state’s trajectory since 2008 when utility companies were required to establish electricity and natural gas efficiency programs. To read the full interview with Dr. Kushler, click here.
Five Building Projects Honored for Performance Contract Savings
Building projects in Delhi Charter Township, Livonia, Romulus, and St. Clair Shores have been recognized for leadership in energy savings through performance contracts. They were featured at the 2018 Leadership in Energy Efficiency event hosted by the Energy Services Coalition—Michigan Chapter. Together they are annually saving $3.5 million from combined investments of over $39 million. For more information, read the State of Michigan’s press release.
National Climate Assessment Points to Region-specific Impacts
The federal government’s fourth National Climate Assessment has been released. It discusses region-specific impacts to be expected going forward. Among these, the Midwest can expect hotter summers and higher springtime humidity. These realities will influence how energy efficiency measures are planned and deployed. Also, results of the report point to how public policy might evolve to reduce greenhouse gas emissions and support communities as they adapt to a changing climate over time. Listen to a report on this topic by Michigan Radio.
Michigan Radio Covers Benefits of a New Furnace
As another heating season begins, Michigan Radio’s Environment Report recently focused on home energy savings from installing new furnace equipment. To see how these issues are being framed for the listening public, visit the Michigan Radio website.
U.S. EIA Data on Residential Energy Usage
The Energy Information Administration publishes daily briefs about the U.S. energy sector. This month included two profiles about residential energy use. To learn more, click on either link below.
November 7: Space heating and water heating account for nearly two thirds of U.S. home energy use
November 19: Thanksgiving week: EIA data highlight how energy is used in the kitchen
With this month’s elections behind us, MEECA is looking ahead to building relationships with new and returning policymakers and educating them about the energy efficiency industry. This will be an important focus of our work in 2019. To learn more about how the election results might impact energy efficiency policy in the Midwest, join MEEA for its upcoming Post-Election Analysis webinar at 3:00 p.m. Eastern on Thursday, December 6, 2018.
MEECA awardee elected to the U.S. House of Representatives
Andy Levin, founder of MEECA member Lean & Green Michigan, has been elected to the U.S. Congress from Michigan’s 9th District. Earlier this year Andy was honored by MEECA with its “Innovator of the Year” award for his work to expand PACE financing throughout Michigan. We congratulate Representative-elect Levin and look forward to supporting his ongoing efforts to strengthen the clean energy industry in our state.
MPSC Meetings Livestreamed
This month the Michigan Public Service announced that its regular meetings will be made available via livestream to the public. For more information including a link to the MPSC’s YouTube channel, read their recent press release.
This month we are pleased to welcome two new members through the 6-month Trial Membership Program. This opportunity, sponspored by DNV GL, is available to C/I trade allies through December 2018. Contact David Gard at david@meeca.info if you would like more information.
Lighting Resources of Michigan, Inc. is a leading distributor of energy-efficient, long-life, premium-quality, industrial-rated lighting products.
We carry and service an extensive range of light bulbs including fluorescents, compact fluorescent bulbs, metal halides, high-pressure sodium, mercury vapor, LED lighting, halogen and incandescents. Our product lines are continuously expanding and we can provide “hard to find” light bulbs.
We are specialists in industrial, commercial, and institutional light bulbs. Our bulbs are built using components that are superior and more durable than a tube that you would buy at a big box hardware store.
Our lights are longer lasting, provide a more natural light, won’t color-shift with age, require fewer change outs and are environmentally-friendly.
At CLEAResult, we make energy efficiency smarter, faster and more accessible for everyone. We work with utilities, businesses and consumers to improve the energy experience on a local and global level—and we’re just getting started.
Michigan Saves is a nonprofit organization dedicated to making energy improvements easy and affordable. We operate as a green bank to offer financing programs that help Michigan residents take control of their energy costs through efficiency and renewable projects.
Upcoming Events & Opportunities
MEEA webinar on post-election analysis of energy efficiency policy in the Midwest
3:00 p.m., Thursday, December 6, 2018
Webinar on addressing leaky ductwork for healthcare facilities
Energy Management Association and Aeroseal; CECs available
GLREA Annual Meeting
10:00 a.m. to 3:30 p.m., Saturday, December 8, 2018
Ypsilanti, MI
Webinar: What makes a HERS home so special, anyway?
12:00 to 1:15 p.m., Wednesday, December 19, 2018
Greenhome Institute; CEC available
Early-bird registration deadline for 2019 Midwest Energy Solutions
Smart Cities International Symposium & Exhibition
2019 Midwest Energy Solutions Conference
MEECA Annual Dinner & Awards Celebration
MSU Kellogg Center, East Lansing
Registration and sponsorship details coming soon!
The new gubernatorial administration is seeking applicants for appointments. To apply, visit michigantransition.org
DNV GL Talks Energy Podcast Series explores ongoing changes to the industry. Subscribe today.
The Michigan Energy Office recently announced a plan to improve energy programs for the agricultural and rural communities.
Michigan Energy Office announces energy waste reduction rebates for small manufacturers in the Upper Peninsula.
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Trout Tackle
Salmon Tackle
Site & Map Updates
N Inverness-shire
N Inverness-shire Trout
N Inverness-shire Salmon
East Ross
East Ross-shire Trout
East Ross-shire Salmon
S&E Sutherland
S&E Sutherland Trout
S&E Sutherland Salmon
Caithness Trout
Caithness Salmon
Orkney Trout
N Sutherland
North Sutherland Trout
North Sutherland Salmon
W Sutherland
West Sutherland Trout
West Sutherland Salmon
West Ross
West Ross-shire Trout
West Ross-shire Salmon
The aim of this site is to provide the visitor to the Northern Highlands, and those touring on the NC500 route, with basic information to access some of the superb fishing on offer in this region. To accomplish this we have divided the mainland region into 7 fishing areas. To describe both river and loch fishing by area, this is best done with reference to the river catchments. These can be divided into 3 groups based on the coast that each river drains into. As can be seen in the map below the east-west divide is close to the West Coast, sometimes just a few miles inland.
Northern Highlands Coastal Watershed
The second level of spatial classification is based on the approximate boundaries of the old counties. Although they have little significance to local government these days, they are still known as geographical areas. Hence the West Coast is divided into West Ross-shire and West Sutherland and the East Coast into East Ross-shire, South and East Sutherland, and in consideration of the NC500 route, a small part of Inverness-shire lying to the north of Loch Ness.
There are 2 variations from this methodology to arrive at the final areas. The boundary of the North Sutherland area extends south to include the lochs of Badalnloch and Achentoul estates, and to the East to include some of the Aultnabreac lochs as access is from Forsinard. As Caithness is distinct from a topography viewpoint and only has 2 salmon rivers, one draining to the north the other to the south, it is considered as a single area.
Northern Highlands Fishing Areas
Finally, we have also included Orkney as it is an important trout fishing destination and just a short crossing from the mainland. In the future we may expand this site further to include Skye and the Western Isles.
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Application for Carnival Permits 2020
Carnival Bands wishing to use the streets of Port-of-Spain (POS) on Carnival Monday and Tuesday
NCC Registration
POS City Corporation Approval
Ministry of Health Approval
Transport Division Approval
Trinidad and Tobago Police Service (TTPS) Carnival Permits
Music Trucks/Trailers
Residents of Port-of Spain and environs being impeded by the Traffic Restrictions
Persons / Companies with legitimate reasons to enter Port-of-Spain during the period
Applicants must submit ORIGINALS AND COPIES of the following documents:
Application letter and/or Letter of Authorisation from band in the case of Carnival bands.
Certificate of Insurance for the vehicle being used over the Carnival period.
Driver’s Permit of the designated driver for the vehicle.
Test Inspection Certificate of all private vehicles (5) years and older, from the manufactured date, and the certified copy.
Test inspection Certificate for ALL COMMERCIAL VEHICLES; and the certified copy.
All Access and Restricted Access Permits would be issued to successful applicants. These permits grant the holder access to areas of P.O.S., EXCLUSIVE of the NCC Parade of the Bands Route as stipulated on the Letter of Authorisation.
In the case of Music Trucks/Trailers, the following documents must also be supplied:
Permit from the Licensing Authority to carry musical instruments and excess passengers.
Special Insurance to convey excess passengers on the vehicle.
Permit from the relevant content management organisation as necessary: - COTT/TTCO/AWESOME LTD.
Band Route Access Permits, Letters of Authorisation, and Approval Certificates from the Association of Trinidad and Tobago Insurance Companies (ATTIC) would be issued to successful applicants. These permits grant the holder access ONLY to the designated NCC Parade of the Bands Route.
NCC ONE-STOP SHOP
Starting Thursday, January 16, 2020, the NCC One-Stop Shop facility, located Queen’s Park Savannah, will accommodate representatives of the TTPS, Ministry of Health and the POS City Corporation from Thursday, February 16, to Thursday, February 20. Office hours are Mondays, Wednesdays, and Thursdays from 8:30 am to 3:30 pm.
Thereafter, applications may be made at:
The Office of the Assistant Commissioner of Police
Specialised Support
17 Garden Road, Aranguez
Bandleaders, service providers or other relevant stakeholders are required to utilise these facilities to complete the registration process.
Furthermore, all applicants must ensure that:
Trucks and Trailers: A layout of the tray or trailer for all vehicles carrying drinks, food, and toilets facilities is provided to the POS City Corporation.
Caterers and persons on Food trucks must present a valid food badge.
All the required approvals must be on display and available for viewing by the authorities during the period of approval.
For further information please contact: Akila Langdon, Business Operation Assistant
National Carnival Commission of Trinidad and Tobago, Tel No. (868) 737-2345, Email: This email address is being protected from spambots. You need JavaScript enabled to view it.
UNSUITABLE AND/OR LATE APPLICATIONS WILL NOT BE ACCEPTED
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13 Sync Licensing: TV / Movies / Video Games 11 Sync Licensing: Advertising 4 Publishing Deal 2 Song placements 2 Management Deals 2 Labels / Record Deals
14 fully mastered 14 broadcast ready 1 rough mixes
14 submission only
2 under $20 14 under $30 14 under $40 14 any price
12 Yes 2 No
7 Non-Exclusive 6 Negotiable or N/A 1 Exclusive
14 $501 - $1,000
14 within 7 days 14 within 14 days 14 within 45 days
14 at least 14 at least 14 at least 14 at least 14 at least 14 all
TV Drama needs Soul R&B
Payout: $501 - $1,000
Looking For: Classic R&B, Soul Music, Full songs
Explicit Lyrics Accepted: Not preferred
Instrumentals Accepted: Yes, lyrics preferred (no samples)
Compensation: publishing, royalties
Description: I am working as the Music Supervisor for a new show called 5th Ward, the series, UMC/AMC Networks. We need Classic R&B, soul songs to use in the series. It should be fully produced, and prepared to be broadcast on national television. Please only send professional recordings, no covers, no demos, or rough mixes. The songs must be all original, and 100% broadcast/retail ready!
Charlie Mac is a publisher, music supervisor, & highly sought after A&R executive. Representing all genres, with success placing music involving major brands like, MTV, EPIC, VH1, GUNIT, NBC, CMT, RCA, WB, CBS, NBA, DEF JAM, ABC, GOOGLE, LIONSGATE, NIKE, and more.
- Charlie Mac / MAC A MILLION DOLLAR MAN MUSICK
Deal Type: Sync Placement
Deal Structure: Non-Exlusive
Compensation: $500 - $1,000
Similar Sounding Artists: The Temptations, Stevie Wonder, Marvin Gaye, James Brown, Motown
Mac A Million Seeking High Energy Music
Looking For: Pop, Hip Hop, EDM, Rock
Explicit Lyrics Accepted: No
Instrumentals Accepted: Preferred (no samples)
Compensation: Licensing, Royalties
One of our clients is developing a number of new TV programs, and they have tasked us with finding great music to use. We are looking for high energy music, that would be great for active lifestyle related programs. The music should work in a crazy night life setting, parties, and adult atmosphere, as well as it would work in a gym, or workout setting. Think MTV, VH1, and E Entertainment shows.
- MAC A MILLION DOLLAR MAN MUSICK
Latin Pop/R&B music needed
We need quality Latin Pop/R&B artist to sign to our publishing company. Think of Ricky Martin, Shakira, Prince Royce, Paulina Rubio, Enrique Iglesias, Jennifer Lopez, Alejandro Sanz, Andrés Cepeda, Frankie J, Becky G., and Marc Anthony are the calibre of artist we are searching for, but don't be afraid to send in other styles, we are open. We have some great relationships in many different areas of the music industry, and the music we sign, we pitch to record labels, other publishers, game developers, advertisers, as well as the film and TV industry. Please only send professional recordings, no covers, no demos, or rough mixes. The songs must be all original, exclusive, unpublished and 100% broadcast/retail ready!
Rock Bands & Artists Needed!
Looking For: Rock, classic, alternative, indie, metal complete songs with vocals, and instrumentals Explicit Lyrics Accepted: No Instrumentals Accepted: Yes (no uncleared samples) Compensation: Licensing fees, Royalties, Publishing deals. Rock music took the world by storm back in the '50s and is attributed to The King of Rock and Roll, Elvis Presley. We are looking for bands that create the original rock music, no covers. If you have some timeless songs, original recordings that sound like the legendary Eagles, and Beatles or songs like today's biggest hits, we want to hear them.
Seeking Hip-Hop, Rock, & Punk Rock for Major Cable Documentary
I'm seeking Hip-Hop, Rock, and Punk Rock tracks for a new major cable channel documentary about the L.A. Riots. Please make sure you have 100% clean versions of the songs. Please submit your best track(s) for consideration.
Stewart's music supervision credits in over thirty films include Academy Award-winning Hustle & Flow (Oscar for Best Original Song), Four Brothers, 2 Fast 2 Furious and Poetic Justice. See all of his credits HERE.
-Paul Stewart / Atom Factory
Decision Maker: I will be presenting a few options per spot. It's a group process but I have a lot of influence
Deal Structure: Non-Exclusive/Standard License
Compensation: $250 - $750
TV Drama needs Contemporary Jazz
Looking For: Contemporary Jazz Music, Full songs
Description: I am working as the Music Supervisor for a new show called 5th Ward, the series, UMC/AMC Networks. We need Contemporary Jazz songs to use in the series. It should be fully produced, and prepared to be broadcast on national television. Please only send professional recordings, no covers, no demos, or rough mixes. The songs must be all original, and 100% broadcast/retail ready!
Similar Sounding Artists: Scott Gertner, Miles Davis, Kenny G, Herbie Hancock, Bonny James
TV Drama needs Blues
Looking For: Blues Music, Full songs
Description: I am working as the Music Supervisor for a new show called 5th Ward, the series, UMC/AMC Networks. We need Blues songs to use in the series. It should be fully produced, and prepared to be broadcast on national television. Please only send professional recordings, no covers, no demos, or rough mixes. The songs must be all original, and 100% broadcast/retail ready!
Seeking R&B Music for Licensing & Publishing
Looking For: R&B, complete songs with vocals, and instrumentals
Explicit Lyrics Accepted: Yes
Instrumentals Accepted: Yes (no uncleared samples)
Compensation: Licensing fees, Royalties, Publishing deals, Typically $500+
We are looking for hot R&B music, and singers who can really sing. Real instruments are a plus, but not required. We are only interested in serious artist, who want to be full time musicians, while making a great living doing what they love.
We have placed R&B music in several films, multiple DVD's, as well as TV shows on VH1, MTV, TLC, A&E, OWN, and many more. We have placed R&B music in Toys, ads for Pharmaceutical Companies, Hair Care Products, and Automobile Companies. We distribute our R&B albums to over 500 digital stores, in over 50 countries. Most of our R&B music will be or has already been licensed by Xbox Music, Cricket, Amazon, Apple iTunes, RDIO, and Spotify.
If you are a hot soulful R&B artist, and your music can compete with Beyonce', Usher, Mariah Carey, R. Kelly, Rihanna, Chris Brown, or has that Motown sound, with a cutting edge, we want to hear from you.
We guarantee feedback on all submissions! In most cases, four songs need to be submitted and selected specifically for this opportunity before we can offer a publishing/licensing deal. We are always looking for hot new talent, artists, producers, and bands that want to put their music out through various means of music licensing, major placements, and digital distribution. We are signing artist now, and you could be next!
If selected, you may be asked to submit up to three more songs for further evaluation
We Need Pop Music
Seeking: Pop Music, Dance-pop, Electropop, Europop, Indie pop, Power pop, Christian pop, Synthpop, Traditional pop, & Teen pop complete songs with vocals, and instrumentals
This genre of music has a very strong following, and we are looking for artist that can capitalize on that fact. The music has to be appeal to a general audience, there needs to be emphasis on craftsmanship, recording, production, technology, and encourage dancing, using dance-oriented beats and rhythms.
Think of Justin Bieber, Black Eye Peas, Katy Perry, LMFAO, Britney Spears, Michael Jackson, Lady Gaga, OneRepublic, 'N Sync, Backstreet Boys, Madonna, Bruno Mars, Beyonce, Prince, Adele, Rihanna, Maroon 5, Shakira, Chris Brown, Christina Aguilera, and David Guetta. If your music is half as good as the aforementioned artist, we certainly want to hear from you!
Latin Hip Hop for TV
Looking For: Latin, Hip Hop, Urban Explicit Lyrics Accepted: Not preferred
Instrumentals Accepted: No (no samples)
Description: I am working as the Music Supervisor for a new show called 5th Ward, the series, UMC/AMC Networks. We need Latin Hip Hop comparable to Cypress Hill, Immortal Technique, Pitbull, Daddy Yankee, Big Pun, Fat Joe, or Baby Bash, then we would like to hear from you. It should be fully produced, and prepared to be broadcast on national television. Please only send professional recordings, no covers, no demos, or rough mixes. The songs must be all original, and 100% broadcast/retail ready!
- Charlie Mac - CEO/Music Supervisor/A&R - MAC A MILLION DOLLAR MAN MUSICK
TV Drama needs Trap Hip Hop
Looking For: Trap, Hip Hop, Full songs
Description: I am working as the Music Supervisor for a new show called 5th Ward, the series, UMC/AMC Networks. We need Trap style Hip Hop songs to use in the series. It should be fully produced, and prepared to be broadcast on national television. Please only send professional recordings, no covers, no demos, or rough mixes. The songs must be all original, and 100% broadcast/retail ready!
Similar Sounding Artists: Travis Scott, Migos, Drake, Lil Wayne, Big Moe, Fat Pat, DJ Screw, Scarface, Geto Boys
BMP Sweden AB Seeking Songwriters: Solo Artists and Band
We are looking for songwriter solo artists and bands in any genre. Send us your best songs. If we like what we hear, we will sign you. Demos are ok. Looking for talented songwriters. Please submit your best track(s) for consideration.
BMP Sweden AB is an ALL INHOUSE company. Label, Publishing, session musicians as well as a state of the art studio. Everyone at BMP Sweden are well experienced in the music world. We are currently seeking songwriters for our artists as well as we are looking for solo artists and bands to sign.
We sign music in all genres. A good song is a good song no matter what. We sign with our hearts, so send us your best work and make our hearts beat faster.
- Michael Storck - A&R - BMP SWEDEN AB
Deal Structure: Negotiable
Song Quality: All genres. Priority for pop and country
Signing Blues Artists for Licensing
Looking For: Blues, the Delta, Piedmont, Jump and Chicago blues styles, complete songs with vocals, and instrumentals
Compensation: Licensing fees, Royalties, Publishing deals
We are looking for some real blues music, A`La., BB King, Robert Johnson, Charlie Patton, Bessie Smith, Muddy Waters, John Lee Hooker, Otis Rush, Stevie Ray Vaughan, ZZ Hill, Denise LaSalle, Sir Charles Jones, Bettye LaVette, Marvin Sease, and Peggy Scott-Adams. If you have any of these styles in your catalog, that are 100% original, and you own the rights to them, we want to hear from you!
TV Drama needs Uptempo Gospel
Looking For: Uptempo Gospel Music, Full songs
Description: I am working as the Music Supervisor for a new show called 5th Ward, the series, UMC/AMC Networks. We need Uptempo Gospel songs to use in the series. It should be fully produced, and prepared to be broadcast on national television. Please only send professional recordings, no covers, no demos, or rough mixes. The songs must be all original, and 100% broadcast/retail ready!
Similar Sounding Artists: Dottie Peoples, Aretha Franklin, James Brown, Blues Brothers
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Documentary Films, Magazine, Radio, TV
William M. Windsor Criminal Case
Attorney Dishonesty, Misconduct, and Corruption
Battling Corruption
Civil Liberties Violations
Congressional Dishonesty and Corruption
Constitutional Rights Problems
Corporate Dishonesty and Corruption
Election Fraud and Corruption
Finance - Banking Fraud
Government and Public Corruption
Government Employee Dishonesty
Guardianship - Conservatorship - Probate Abuse
Judicial Corruption and Dishonesty
Law Enforcement Crimes, Abuse, and Corruption
Legal System Problems
Litigation Help
Pro Se Abuse
William M. Windsor Case
Views of William M. Windsor
Articles on Battling Corruption
Take the Pledge - Say You want Honesty in Government
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Excellent Books About Judicial Corruption...
William M. Windsor Wins a Key Motion in Federal Court...
William M. Windsor Launches Website to Help People Representing Themselves in Court...
Detective Chris Shermer of the Missoula Police Department has been exposed as corrupt...
Judges, Court Clerks, and Attorneys all commit Fraud Upon the Court...
Bill Windsor of Lawless America is once again victimized by Cyberstalker...
How to Fight Judicial Corruption - Know how Judges Commit Crimes...
Federal politicians convicted of crimes in Lawless America...
Bill Windsor reports on Sheriff Joe Arpaio in Maricopa County (Phoenix) Arizona...
Sheriff Joe Arpaio's fate in hands of judge at criminal trial...
Bill Windsor resumes work on Lawless America...
Bill Windsor of Lawless America issues Warning on Dating Site Scams...
Texas Judge Cindy Ermatinger removed in Bill Windsor Case...
Judge Gerald Hill dismisses a lawsuit in Florida because the Plaintiff was unable to hear the Defendant...
What to do when a Judge ignores Motions...
Kentucky may execute Shawn Tigue due to criminal activities of the Kentucky State Police and prosecutor Karen Green Blondell...
Bill Windsor of Lawless America invites your story of INjustice for Lawless America...The Book...
Texas will execute a man who was sitting in a pickup when a murder took place elsewhere...
Landmark Case asks U.S. Supreme Court to approve lawsuits against anonymous bullies and cyberstalkers...
Clerk of Court Melanie Reed is part of the Criminal Racketeering Operation in Ellis County Texas ...
State of Texas denies Bill Windsor the right to an attorney as he faces criminal charges...
Winston Frost files a sworn affidavit claiming he paid $70,000 to his divorce attorney...
Bill Windsor of Lawless America wins Appeal - Joeyisalittlekid Gang prepares for $100 Million Judgment...
Judge J. Anthony Miller has been caught red-handed falsifying the Court Record in Winston Frost Case in Tulsa, Oklahoma...
Bill Windsor of Lawless America has no more tears ...
Winston Frost's Attorney Michon Hughes files a $69,000 Lien for Non-Payment...
Investigation of Ellis County Texas Corruption in Case of Bill Windsor is Underway...
Bill Windsor of Lawless America accused of being a sovereign citizen and a killer...
64 senior judges and law enforcement officials asked to put Ellis County Texas Judge Cindy Ermatinger and District Attorneys Patrick Wilson and Ann Montgomery-Moran in prison....
Bill Windsor of Lawless America fights Texas attempts to send him to prison for 10 years...
Bill Windsor of Lawless America has filed criminal charges against Ellis County Texas Judge and District Attorney...
Lawless America Show on TalkShoe with Bill Windsor TONIGHT - Thursday June 2, 2016 from 7 to 9 pm Central Time...
Virginia mom pleads for CPS to change after alleged child abuse...
Bill Windsor of Lawless America proposes low-cost way to eliminate homelessness in America...
Who is Bill Windsor? What is Lawless America? And why should I care?...
Lawsuit filed by wrongfully convicted man details how law enforcement officials allegedly framed him...
The number of people representing themselves in court is increasing....
Lawless America Show on TalkShoe with Bill Windsor - Thursday June 2, 2016 from 7 to 9 pm Central Time...
Oakland County Michigan Judge Lisa Gorcyca faces a judicial tenure hearing over her handling of contentious child custody case....
My Story: William M. Windsor
Created: Friday, 15 October 2010 17:00
Last Updated: Friday, 30 June 2017 17:46
Written by William M. Windsor
My story is the discovery that our legal system is broken.
I always knew there were problems, but I thought it was just dishonest lawyers. I never dreamed that federal judges are corrupt and routinely commit crimes because they have the power to do anything they want.
The following is from a Petition for Writ of Mandamus filed by me with the United States Supreme Court, and I have inserted some additional information from various affidavits and court filings to tell My Story:
In August 2005, Maid of the Mist Corporation and Maid of the Mist Steamboat Company, Ltd. (jointly "Maid") filed a civil action against Alcatraz Media, LLC, Alcatraz Media, Inc. (jointly "Alcatraz") and William M. Windsor ("Windsor" or the "Petitioner") (Alcatraz and Windsor jointly "A&W.") The action was filed in Gwinnett County Georgia Court. It was removed to the United States District Court for the Northern District of Georgia in March 2006 as Civil Action No. 1:06-CV-0714-ODE ("MIST-1"). The action was originally assigned to Judge Forrester, but he recused himself, and the case was assigned to Judge Orinda D. Evans ("Judge Evans.") [1] Neither Alcatraz nor I knew Judge Forrester, and neither of us had ever had any dealings of any type with him. It seems he recused himself due to some relationship with Maid of the Mist or their attorneys.
We need to go back a few months for all of this to make sense. On March 3, 2005, Maid of the Mist entered into an oral agreement with Alcatraz to allow Alcatraz to purchase tickets for the boat ride at Niagara Falls from Maid at a discounted rate for the entire 2005 season (April to October). The terms of the oral contract were specific. The period for the oral contract was less than a year, so it was a binding oral contract under Georgia law.
Sandra Carlson of Maid of the Mist entered into the contract with Alcatraz. I was visiting Alcatraz's office that day when one of the salespeople needed some tickets for a group to ride the Maid of the Mist. I knew that the business development person handling the dealings with Maid of the Mist was unavailable as mother has just had a stroke. So, while I didn't work for Alcatraz, I'll do anything to help my son, so I picked up the phone and called Sandra Carlson at Maid of the Mist. She entered into the contract with me for Alcatraz to buy tickets for the entire 2005 season. The discussion was very specific because I could see from the file that Carlson had been a flake to deal with. Carlson also made the same agreement with Carolyn Ballard Bazzo ("Bazzo"), who called her while her mother was sleeping in the hospital.
Carlson sent faxes to both Bazzo and me following the telephone conversations of March 3, 2005. Maid agreed to provide Certificates of Insurance naming Alcatraz as additional insured, and Maid did. Maid agreed to provide information for Alcatraz to use on its web sites, and they did. Alcatraz agreed to submit a voucher (E-Ticket) for Maid's approval, and Alcatraz did. Maid approved the voucher. The approval of the voucher was the final obligation agreed to when the contract was entered into on March 3, 2005. It still took a long time and a lot of hassles to get the information needed from Sandra Carlson, but it finally was resolved in early April.
Alcatraz advertised for Maid of the Mist boat tours at Alcatraz's website www.niagarafallstours.net. Alcatraz advertised for various tours in the Niagara Falls area, as well as for tours in Canada, New York and in others cities in the Northeast. This web site did not represent that it was sponsored by Maid. Rather, it expressly represented that it was run by Alcatraz. Alcatraz has also used additional web sites to promote its 74 different Niagara Falls tours and activities and its 17 tours that include a Maid of the Mist ticket.
Alcatraz began generating excellent sales for Maid of the Mist in March 2005.
Alcatraz honored all of the terms of the oral contract with Maid. Maid breached the contract in a number of ways. Maid refused service to some Alcatraz customers who had valid E-Tickets. Initially, this was probably because no one at Maid bothered to advise the ticket takers that Alcatraz was issuing valid E-Tickets. Maid informed some Alcatraz customers that they should purchase their tickets directly from Maid at a lower price and file chargebacks against Alcatraz to get their money back from Alcatraz. Not cool. Maid charged Alcatraz for some customers who did not receive the boat ride. Maid failed to give Alcatraz certain discounts that had been promised.
For reasons unknown at the time, Maid created false stories in an attempt to damage Alcatraz and manufacture a claim with which to breach the contract with Alcatraz. Upon information and belief, this was because Maid was in breach of contract with the Niagara Parks Commission ("NPC") and the New York State Office of Parks, Recreation, and Historic Preservation ("OPRHP").
Carlson and Schul sent letters, faxes, and emails for Maid to Alcatraz that contained false claims. Glynn, Schul, and Carlson made false claims by telephone. Carlson sent letters on June 14 and July 19, 2005 that contained false claims of problems caused by Alcatraz. The July 19, 2005 letter asked for Alcatraz to make changes to its E-Ticket. Alcatraz made changes to the E-Ticket. Carlson then sent an email claiming the July 19 letter asked for changes to the web site, but the letter said no such thing. Schul then sent a letter and emails that contained false claims of problems caused by Alcatraz. On July 29, 2005, Maid breached the contract with Alcatraz by declaring the contract to be terminated. But the oral contract was for the entire 2005 season, and Maid of the Mist did not have the right to terminate it until it expired in mid October 2005.
It was all totally bizarre. It made no sense at the time. Alcatraz tried repeatedly for a month to get Maid or Maid's Attorneys to speak with Alcatraz about the problem, but they refused. My son asked me to handle the legal stuff for him, so I am the one who tried to get them to respond.
Despite Maid's written promise to Alcatraz on July 29, 2005 that Maid would honor tickets purchased prior to July 29, 2005, Maid subsequently refused to honor some Alcatraz tickets purchased prior to that date. Not surprising. Maid refused to honor these tickets despite the fact that Alcatraz had provided Maid with over $10,000 in prepayments, a written payment guarantee, and credit card authorization to charge any tickets purchased for the 2005 season, thus guaranteeing Maid that it would be paid for any Alcatraz customer who showed up with a voucher. It was the first week in August 2005 when Maid of the Mist began refusing service to Alcatraz customers.
Maid of the Mist began defaming Alcatraz and telling Alcatraz's customers that Alcatraz was an Internet Scam. (Alcatraz has been in business for 11 years and is the largest company in the world selling tickets and tours as Maid of the Mist knew quite well.) In August, September, and October 2005, Maid refused to honor vouchers for more than eight hundred (800) Alcatraz customers.
Alcatraz issued refunds to customers who placed orders that it believed would not be honored and to customers who contacted Alcatraz who claimed that Maid refused to honor the Alcatraz vouchers. Every customer was refunded by Alcatraz. Maid sold tickets to Alcatraz's customers directly and generated a greater income as a result.
I am the father of the 75% owner of Alcatraz. I have never been an officer, director, shareholder, owner, investor, or employee of Alcatraz, but I stepped in to handle the legal problem on behalf of Alcatraz. This is important because Maid of the Mist might have had a basis to sue me if I was involved in the company in one of those manners, but I wasn't. For the first three years of Ryan's company, I was CEO of a large company in Ohio. Ryan started and built Alcatraz all on his own.
I placed five phone calls, sent five faxes, and sent approximately 20 emails from July 28, 2005 until August 28, 2005 in an attempt to get someone from Maid or a Maid attorney to speak with me about the problem. No one from Maid of the Mist and no Maid attorney ever spoke to Alcatraz or me until after the lawsuit was filed on August 29, 2005.
Since it appeared that Maid of the Mist was hell bent on breaching the contract and screwing my baby boy's company, I called the Niagara Parks Commission ("NPC") to see if we could go into competition with Maid of the Mist. I was turned away, but the NPC told Maid of the Mist about my call. Less than three weeks later, we were sued.
It was August 25, 2005 when Christopher Glynn ("Glynn"), President of Maid of the Mist signed a sworn affidavit to be used with the filing of the lawsuit [MIST-1 Docket #1.] 46 of the 50 paragraphs were false or incorrect. Proof to show that as many as 46 of the statements are false is set out on pages 364 to 553 of Dec #25 (MIST-1 Docket #462).
Glynn swore that his statements were his personal knowledge, but that was false. Personal knowledge means the information is known from direct experience rather than hearing about it from someone else or making it up. Glynn swore that everything in his affidavit was true and correct, but that was false. In deposition testimony, Maid Marketing VP Timothy P. Ruddy testified that some of the statements in Glynn's August 25, 2005 affidavit were not true. In his deposition testimony, Controller Robert J. Schul testified that some of the statements in Glynn's August 25, 2005 affidavit were not true. Alcatraz, Bazzo, and I testified in depositions that statements in Glynn's affidavit were not true at all, and we had a lot of proof in emails and letters.
The drafting of this affidavit by Mr. Carl Hugo Anderson, Mr. Marc W. Brown, and Mr. Arthur P. Russ, while under oath as officers of the court as members of the Bar, was improper, and statements in the affidavit were known to be false by the attorneys.
When Maid sued, they sued Alcatraz and me personally. The lawsuit falsely and maliciously claimed that I operated my own business and did all types of things including theft and bribery. Maid and Maid attorneys knew this was false. Ruddy testified that I should not have been included in many of the sworn paragraphs in Glynn's affidavit and verification. Maid never produced any evidence to prove that Maid had any valid legal claim against me for anything.
When I became involved in all of this, I was very naive. I felt that the judicial system was fair and honest, so I was confident that the courts would vindicate us and put Christopher Glynn in jail for perjury for a long, long time. (Five years later, I know that our federal court system is totally corrupt. I am not an attorney, but I have spent over 7,000 hours studying the law, so I know more about the legal issues in this case than most attorneys.)
On behalf of Alcatraz and myself, I filed a sworn response to Maid's lawsuit stating under oath under penalty of perjury that everything Glynn had said was false.
Nothing much happened in the fall of 2005, but in March 2006 after we subpoenaed Glynn for a deposition, Maid of the Mist filed a motion with the court seeking a temporary restraining order. That was when Judge Orinda D. Evans was assigned to the case. She read the two affidavits that were totally contradictory about the facts, and she granted the TRO to Maid. Our attorney and I were shocked.
When a party to a lawsuit gets a TRO, they have to post a bond to cover the other party's costs in the lawsuit if they lose. We asked for $250,000. Judge Evans only required $5,000. It should have been over $1.5 million as it turns out. Awarding such a ridiculously low bond was another strong signal of the bias of Judge Evans (something that judges are sworn not to have).
At first, I suspected that Judge Evans had an incompetent young law clerk who was making a mess of this. I thought the judge just wasn't paying attention. It didn't take long for me to discover that Judge Evans was simply a bad judge. Then it didn't take me long after that to begin organizing the proof that she was a dishonest, corrupt judge.
Every order that Judge Evans issued was against us. Out of 40 contested motions, it was 40 for Maid of the Mist and zero for Alcatraz and me. This was all due to the dishonesty of Judge Orinda D. Evans.
During the discovery period, we took depositions and obtained documents. Our goal in all of this was to prove in THEIR WORDS that the verified complaint was totally false. We succeeded.
In February 2007, Judge Orinda D. Evans gave us a short meeting in her chambers. I informed her that we had documented proof of over 400 counts of perjury and that we had proven that the verified complaint was totally false. She refused to allow it to be discussed.
At this point, I felt for sure that she was corrupt. But then she said a few things that caused our attorney and me to think we had won the case. But as she had done many times before, she reversed herself or "forgot" those things later. Any time we though we prevailed on something, she ignored that and turned whatever it was against us.
Shortly after the February 7, 2007 meeting, Maid of the Mist filed two contracts under seal for an in camera inspection (review by only her). These were their contracts with the governments of Ontario and New York State. We felt for sure that they would have vital information for our defense. Judge Evans reviewed them and said they would not be provided to us. That is supposed to mean they were not relevant to the case.
All types of dishonesty by Maid of the Mist, their attorneys, and Judge Orinda D. Evans took place from 2005 to now. It would just take way too long to recount it all. But rest assured that I have it all documented.
The next big development was motions for summary judgment. This is a legal procedure where a judge can end a case without a jury if it is so clearly one-sided. If there is a "fact issue," an important issue in the case that is disputed, there cannot be a summary judgment. EVERYTHING was disputed in this case, so a summary judgment was impossible.
But you've already figured out what happened. Judge Evans granted the summary judgment for Maid of the Mist and ordered Alcatraz and me to pay over $400,000 in Maid of the Mist's legal fees. To say that I was shocked was an understatement. I read the order, and it was one false statement and lie after another. The documents filed with the court proved her order was totally false.
Judge Evans granted the summary judgment to Maid on a legal cause of action called "tortious interference" with alleged damages of less than $100, though (1) A&W provided sworn affidavits from the four customers involved who allegedly did not spend $100, and each swore that they did buy tickets from Maid, so there were no damages, and (2) the only sworn testimony before the court was that there was an oral contract breached by Maid, and thus there was no tortious interference by Alcatraz. Damages are a requirement for tortious interference, so the fact that there were no damages was critical. We proved that with affidavits from the people Maid claimed created the damages.
Alcatraz and I swore under oath at all times that Maid made up all of the sworn claims in the Verified Complaint and motion for injunctive relief in MIST-1. Judge Evans refused to even consider A&W's charges of perjury, false sworn pleadings, and Rule 11 violations by Maid and Maid's attorneys. I documented all the lies with citations to the record.
We appealed the summary judgment order to the Eleventh Circuit Court of Appeals. Naive me thought we would finally get this overtured and headed in the right direction. But three judges rubber-stamped Judge Evans' order. They TOTALLY ignored every error of law and fact raised by our attorneys. I was flabbergasted. I was literally sick for several weeks from it. I worked closely with the attorneys and researched all of the appeal issues, so I knew the Eleventh Circuit had to overturn Judge Evans. When I was able to think straight, I figured they supported their friend, Judge Evans, to protect her from indictment, conviction, and impeachment.
So, on to The Supreme Court, I thought. Our attorneys then educated me that The Supreme Court is no longer a court of appeals. They don't review actions of the appellate courts. They decide if a case is interesting enough to them. The odds of that in 2009 were 1 out of 100. We were told it could cost us another $250,000 in legal fees if we went on, and we might be held responsible for Maid of the Mist's legal fees since that had happened to us before. That would mean $500,000 or more. So, through clenched teeth, we reached an out-of-court settlement with Maid in December 2008 to stop the outrageous legal expense in MIST-1. Alcatraz and I refused to provide and did not provide general releases to Maid or Maid's Attorneys. We refused to provide releases because I was determined to go after them again.
I tried and tried to find an attorney to represent me, but no attorney was willing to sue a judge. They felt the federal judges would ruin them if they did.
So, in April 2009, I began efforts (representing myself) to reopen the case pursuant to FRCP Rule 60(b) primarily due to fraud upon the courts. A major factor was the discovery of new evidence that had been concealed from us by Maid and Judge Evans.[2] I obtained copies of the two contracts that Maid had been ordered to file under seal with Judge Evans. As soon as I looked at them, I knew that they were vital to our case. After obtaning some additional information through Freedom of Information Act requests, I felt sure that Maid of the Mist had filed bogus documents with Judge Evans. So, my task was simple; get the court to produce those documents, and we would get the case reopened and win. The bad guys would go to prison, and the Windsors would live happily ever after.
Surprise, surprise, Judge Evans refused. She began issuing perjury-filled orders. I knew now that she was as corrupt as a judge could possible be. The only reason to keep the documents hidden was to hide the fact that she had committed perjury and obstruction of justice...and to protect Maid of the Mist from losing the lawsuit and having its key managers all found guilty of hundreds of counts of perjury.
(One of the attorneys who refused to represent me out of fear of the judges gave me some advice. He told me to appeal early and often, so I did. As a result, I now have dozens of orders from Judge Evans, Judge Duffey, and the Eleventh Circuit. This gives me dozens and dozens and dozens of documents that establish the dishonesty and corruption.)
Not to be blocked without a fight after Judge Evans tried to block my efforts, I subpeonaed Judge Evans! This probably doesn't happen very often. Then some truly bizarre things happened. Judge Evans filed a motion in her own court in my case. Judges can't do that, but she did. She hired the United States Attorney's Office (the same people who are supposed to go after corrupt judges). On June 3, 2009, the U.S. Attorney representing Judge Evans filed a motion to quash a subpoena for the deposition in MIST-1. [Pet.App.171 -- Mandamus Affidavit #1 -- "M-Aff #1", ¶39.] [3] [Deposition Action Doc. 1.] [4] The motion was referred to Judge William S. Duffey ("Judge Duffey"), and this created Civil Action 1:09-CV-01543-WSD (the "Deposition Action").[5]
Judge Duffey had never had any dealings with me prior to the referral of the motion to quash. I had never heard the name “Judge William S. Duffey†either. There was no conference held, and there was no hearing held, despite my motions requesting both.[6] On June 8, 2009, Judge Duffey stayed the properly subpoenaed deposition.[7] Judge Duffey made a number of incorrect statements in the stay order dated June 8, 2009.[8] The order was totally pro-Judge Evans, and it indicated that Judge Duffey may be biased.[9]
On June 10, 2009, the U.S. Attorney supplemented Judge Evans' motion to quash.[10] On June 18, 2009, I filed a Motion for Reconsideration of the Order Staying Case and the Twenty-Ninth Declaration of William M. Windsor (Dec #29).[11] [12] This was filed to note errors in Judge Duffey's order.[13] On June 30, 2009, an Order to Quash the Deposition of Judge Evans was issued by Judge Duffey.[16] [17] The order described me as "scurrilous and irresponsible." The legal definition of scurrilous is "evil." The legal definition of irresponsible is "mentally or financially incapable." I am neither scurrilous nor irresponsible!
This was written by a man who did not know me, had never even seen me, and who made such a statement and decision based solely on my three uncontroverted sworn affidavits. In 2009, there were zero (0) affidavits filed by Maid in MIST-1, the Deposition Action, or MIST-2. So, my testimony and evidence stood alone as the record before the court.[18]
The only explanation for this slander is that Judge Duffey was predisposed to bias against me because I had the audacity to try to depose Judge Evans to obtain information that was available only from Judge Evans that I desperately needed to reopen the case in MIST-1.[19] There is nothing scurrilous and irresponsible in the three affidavits that Judge Duffey had before him when he entered the June 30, 2009 order -- Dec #29, Dec #35, and Dec #34. The statements made therein are no different than the statements made herein. Judge Evans made as many as 200 false statements in two orders in MIST-1. She knew statements that she made in her orders were false. She obstructed justice by concealing documents from me. These are facts, proven with evidence that I filed in each of the three civil actions.
On July 27, 2009, I filed Civil Action No. 1:09-CV-02027-WSD ("MIST-2"), an independent action in equity for fraud upon the court and RICO.[20] On July 28, 2009, when I was told by the District Court Clerk's Office that Judge Duffey (the judge who called me "scurrilous and irresponsible") would be presiding in MIST-2, I immediately went home and prepared a Motion to Recuse Judge Duffey and a Motion for Change of Venue. I returned later in the day and filed.[21]
On July 30, 2009, a TRO Hearing was held. Judge Duffey denied the motion.[22] Judge Duffey distributed an order on my motions regarding service of process on Canadian defendants, representation, motion to change venue, and motion to recuse. All were denied.[23] Judge Duffey was antagonistic and biased in the hearing. Details of this are provided in the Transcript of the Temporary Restraining Order Hearing.[24] False statements in the July 30, 2009 order are listed in the Affidavit of Prejudice.[25]
On August 4, 2009, I filed an Emergency Motion to Recuse Judge Duffey. I advised Judge Duffey that I would seek a Writ of Mandamus if there was not a prompt response. This motion appears on the MIST-2 Docket as a “Motion for Leave†because Judge Duffey ordered that I must first submit proposed motions to him with a request for approval to file.[26] This motion was pursuant to 28 U.S.C.§144. The filing included an Affidavit of Prejudice[27] and a 28 U.S.C.§144 Certificate of Good Faith.[28]
On August 10, 2009, I filed a Petition for a Writ of Mandamus with the Eleventh Circuit seeking to have Judge Duffey disqualified.[29] The Affidavit of Prejudice[30] and a 28 U.S.C.§144 Certificate of Good Faith[31] were included as exhibits. On September 17, 2009, the Eleventh Circuit denied the Petition for a Writ of Mandamus.[33]
At some point during all this, I took my first petition for writ of certiorari (appeal) to The Supreme Court. The Supreme Court decided it was "not worthy" of their consideration. I spelled out the fraud and corruption for them, but they ignored it.
Like the Energizer Bunny, I just kept going. Every order issued by Judge Evans and Judge Duffey was not valid based upon the facts or the law. They were totally corrupt. The judges didn't make mistakes. They were intentionally committing crimes to try to stop me.
I reported all of this to the United States Attorney (same one who represents Judge Evans), the FBI, the Justice Department, every member of the House and Senate Judiciary Committees, and many others. No one would do anything! They completely ignored me.
So, I sued them. I prepared everything and flew to Washington, DC to file there as I thought I would find honest judges in the shadow of The Capitol and The Supreme Court. I ran right smack dab into Judge Richard J. Leon. He proved to be just as corrupt. He dismissed my case on bogus grounds and did a lot of nasty stuff to me. At this point, I started to realize that the corruption in our federal courts may be everywhere. I don't know that yet, but from the reports I have gotten from people all over the country, I suspect it is true. We have a Constitutional Crisis on our hands. The federal judges have hijacked the Constitution, and they are holding us all hostage.
I continued my efforts in Judge Evans' court and Judge Duffey's court, and they lied and cheated me every step of the way. I appealed just about everything to the Eleventh Circuit, and they lied and cheated me every step of the way. In fact, in 62 pages of orders (perhaps 25 orders) from the Eleventh Circuit, they never ever, even once, addressed ANY of my points or error or law. They ignored the facts and what the law actually provides and ruled against me in one sentence orders much of the time.
The abuse has escalated. Judge Evans found me in contempt of court. She warned me that "You are playing with fire." She threatened to put me in jail. She fined me. She hit me with more legal fees. Lying every step of the way. Violating the law again and again and again. Same for Dishonest Duffey. He's just as bad -- maybe worse -- a real snake. Most of his lies are proven with documents that he pretends do not exist.
Judge Duffey and Judge Evans have taken the unbelievable corrupt acts to a new level. They have the Clerk of the Court doing all types of things. My filings magically disappear. I presented a new lawsuit to be filed, and they refuse to file it. There is no legal right whatsoever for them to do this. but there is nowhere to turn. I will try filing in Washington, DC again, but that is probably a waste of time.
At this point, I have two appeals pending in Washington DC, a dozen at the Eleventh Circuit, and one at The Supreme Court. During a conversation with a clerk at The Supreme Court, I learned by accident that one can file a petition for writ of mandamus with The Supreme Court. This is not an appeal, so it isn't something that they can ignore. They have to render a decision on it. So I filed three. One each to disqualify Judge Orinda D. Evans, Judge William S. Duffey, and one for the seven corrupt judges who I have identified at the Eleventh Circuit. The Supreme Court has given the accused judges until December 15 to file responses.
This will be a landmark decision. I have asked The Supreme Court whether they will stop federal juudges from voiding the Constitution. I have asked them whether they will expose the corruption in the federal courts. I have asked them whether federal judges may continue to ignore the facts, ignore the law, and violate the Constitutional rights of the people who appear as parties in their courts. I prayed that they would have the guts to blow the corruption wide open, but they are all products of the same corrupt system, so I am shocked but not surprised that the Supreme Court issued three rulings on January 18, 2011 that allow federal judges to continue to violate the Constitution, treat it as if it doesn't exist, and ignore the law and the facts. My best chance is if this story gets out to enough people that we get public pressure building to have someone somewhere do something.
Judges are supposed to tell the truth at all times, but these judges have made false statements routinely. These were material false statements made under the judges' oath of office in a federal proceeding. These judges knew statements that they made were false.
Judges are supposed to provide due process to the parties in their courts, but I have had just about every form of due process denied. I have not been allowed to present evidence, call witnesses, cross examine witnesses, have an impartial judge, and much more.
These judges routinely ignored the facts and the law and even invented their own facts.[43] These judges have made rulings that are absolutely contrary to the law. Judge Evans even denied us any ability to obtain the names of witnesses that we needed to depose. She granted a summary judgment for Maid on the key issue in the case -- an oral agreement for six months in 2005 -- based upon the following: Maid testified that its president was not aware of an agreement with Alcatraz. There was no other testimony from Maid other than this one statement in the Verified Complaint! Alcatraz provided a Verified Answer, multiple sworn affidavits, and extensive deposition testimony detailing the exact terms of the oral agreement from the people who made the oral agreement with Maid. This clearly created at least a fact issue that defeated summary judgment, but Judge Evans invented facts that weren't true and weren't in the record, ignored the truth, and claimed her facts trumped the A&W's sworn testimony. As there was a contract, there was no tortious interference, but there was breach of contract by Maid, and A&W should have won the case.[44]
Detailed background facts regarding the judicial misconduct of these judges is provided in the three petitions for writ of mandamus:
Judge Evans
Judge Duffey
Judges of the Eleventh Circuit
Katherine Albrecht asked me on her radio show why I have kept going. My friends and relatives will tell you that I am the most tenacious person they have ever known. I will not stop. I will get these judges indicted, convicted, and impeached, or I will die trying. They "stole" from my child. I'll fight back against anyone who messes with me wrongfully, but you mess with one of my children or grandchildren, and you've declared war against me.
I obviously have a personal stake in all of this. Most people who pursue a cause do, but now, I have met and spoken with so many people who have been cheated by corrupt judges that I feel I have a big responsibility to them as well. I will fight for everyone.
My son said, "Dad, all of this is well and good, but what is your solution to the problems?" I sat down at the keyboard, and did a brain dump. Here are my ideas to correct the problem of judicial corruption.
I have two grandhcildren - M1 and Pogo. I drive M1's carpool once a week. She is unbelivably intelligent and worldly for a seven-year-old. As we drove home one day, she told me they were studying Martin Luther King. She asked me to tell her about those times, so I did. She asked me what I did to stop the prejudice and all the problems. I told her that I was never prejudiced, but I didn't really do anything. She asked if I had ever done anything that made a big difference in the world. I said, no, unfortunately not. She quickly assured me that she would make a difference in the world. I absolutely believe that is true. Well, I hope I can do something vitally important to every American with my efforts to expose corruption in the federal courts. We are all in trouble. M1 and I want to help.
Update - January 2, 2012
The above story only covers until mid-2011. So much more has happened. I stay so busy with all of this that I don't know when I will have time to update "My Story." But everything else that I will summarize is in articles that appear on this site.
I now know that our courts are hopelessly corrupt.
[1] MIST-1_Doc.1.
[2] MIST-1_Docs.361 and 362.
[3] The Mandamus Affidavit of William M. Windsor is on pages 161-185 in the Appendix (Pet.App.). "M-Aff #" is the abbreviation used for this affidavit herein. "Doc." is the abbreviation for Docket used herein.
[4] "Pet.App. ###" indicates page number in the Appendix to this Petition for Writ of Mandamus.
[5] Pet.App.171 -- M-Aff #1, ¶40.
[6] Pet.App.171 -- M-Aff #1, ¶41.
[7] Deposition Action_Doc.4; Pet.App.172 -- M-Aff #1, ¶42.
[8] Pet.App.161-170, 190-191, Affidavit of Prejudice ¶¶34-67 and 118-121.
[10] Deposition Action_Doc.8; Pet.App.127 -- M-Aff #1, ¶45.
[11] Declarations and affidavits of William M. Windsor have been numbered. "Dec #__" is used as the abbreviation for each. Dec #5 is the Fifth, Dec #34 is the Thirty-Fourth, etc.
[12] Deposition Action_Doc.15.
[13] Pet.App.172 -- M-Aff #1, ¶47.
[14] Deposition Action_Doc.21; Pet.App.172 -- M-Aff #1, ¶49.
[17] Pet.App.24.
[19] Pet.App.173 -- M-Aff#1, ¶51.
[20] Pet.App.173-174, ¶53; MIST-2_Doc.1.
[21] MIST-2_Docs.15 and 17; Pet.App.174 -- M-Aff #1, ¶55.
[22] MIST-2_Doc.31.
[23] Pet.App.19; Pet.App.174 -- M-Aff #1, ¶56; MIST-2_Doc.22.
[24] MIST-2_Doc.48; Pet.App.174, ¶56.
[25] Pet.App.71-77, ¶¶121-141; Pet.App.174 -- M-Aff #1, ¶56.
[27] Pet.App.161.
[28] Pet.App.114; Pet.App.174-175 -- M-Aff #1, ¶57.
[30] Pet.App.161
[32] Mist-2_Doc.1.
[33] Pet.App.4.
[35] Pet.App.3 and 18.
[36] Pet.App.A.
[37] Pet.App.175 -- M-Aff #1, ¶59-60.
[39] See MIST-1_Doc.474, Pet.App.176 -- M-Aff #1, ¶63.
[40] MIST-1_Doc.377, Exhibits 9 and 22; see Pet.App.90-101, ¶¶189-264.
[41] MIST-1_Doc.174, P23: 24-25, P24: 1-7, P34: 4-7, P44: 6-8.
[42] MIST-1_Doc.361.
[43] Pet.App.99, ¶245; Pet.App.178 -- M-Aff #1, ¶78.
[48] Pet.App.85-104, ¶¶172-276.
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Email: bill@billwindsor.com
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I, William M. Windsor, am not an attorney. This website expresses my OPINIONS. The comments of visitors to the website are their opinions and do not therefore reflect my opinions. This website does not provide legal advice. I do not give legal advice. I do not practice law. This website is to expose corruption in government, law enforcement, and the judiciary. Whatever this website says about the law is presented in the context of how I or others perceive the applicability of the law to a set of circumstances if I (or some other author) was in the circumstances under the conditions discussed. Despite of my concerns about lawyers in general, I suggest that anyone with legal questions consult an attorney for an answer, particularly after reading anything on this website. The law is a gray area at best. I am a professional journalist; most of my career was spent as the Publisher of magazines. Please read our Legal Notice and Terms.
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Judicial Corruption is rampant. Our rights to a fair trial are a myth. Many judges are totally corrupt.
READ all about it.
Our fundamental rights have been taken away by a government of wrongs. Stolen by corruption.
Misconduct is everywhere. Dishonesty abounds. Perjury, subornation of perjury, corruption!
Abuse, Dishonesty, Corruption. It's all common with Police and Law Enforcement.
Government Dishonesty is Bad.
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MSM’s corruption exposed
Jonathan Allen’s article is either proof of his stupidity or his corruption. After 5 days of hearings and 5 days of biased headlines, it’s difficult not to chalk it up to outright corruption. For the foreseeable future, the MSM won’t get the benefit of the doubt from conservatives.
According to Allen’s article, “a string of current and former administration officials collectively described for the House Intelligence Committee over the last two weeks how the president directed a concerted effort to aid his own re-election efforts at the expense of U.S. national security interests.” What Allen omits is the fact that these testifiers got demolished on cross-examination. This is a perfect example of the Democrats’ star witness getting demolished:
Jim Jordan grilled Ambassador Taylor without being nasty. He simply got Taylor to admit that Taylor testified as to what he’d heard. Jordan replied that that’s what the problem was. Taylor testified as to what he’d heard. In this instance, it’s what Taylor heard third-hand. That’s what happened to the Democrats’ star witness on the first day of public testimony.
Mike Turner’s cross-examination of Gordon Sondland was pretty aggressive:
Rep. Turner questioned Ambassador Sondland:
Turner: No one on this planet told you that this aid was tied to investigations. Yes or no?”
Sondland: “Yes.”
Turner, who called Sondland’s testimony “somewhat circular,” questioned the ambassador’s assertion that “everyone was in the loop.” “If Giuliani didn’t give you any expressed statement, then it can’t be that you believed this [about the connection between investigations and aid] from Giuliani,” Turner said. “Is that your testimony today, Amb. Sondland? That you have evidence that Donald Trump tied the investigations to aid because I don’t think you’re saying that.”
Sondland said he was “presuming” that is what Trump meant.
“The way it was expressed to me was that the Ukrainians had a long history of committing to things privately and then never following through, so President Trump presumably, again communicated through Mr. Giuliani, wanted the Ukrainians on record publicly that they were going to do these investigations. That’s the reason that was given to me,” Sondland said.
In Taylor’s instance, he’d spoken 3 times with President Zelenskiy in a short period of time. In none of those instances did attach conditionality to the lethal military aid. In Sondland’s instance, he called President Trump directly to ask what he wanted with regard to the aid. President Trump said “I don’t want anything. No quid pro quo. I just want him to do what he campaigned on.”
Yesterday, David Holmes testified that it was his “clear impression” that the lethal military aid was tied to President Zelenskiy starting an investigation of Burisma. Burisma is the corrupt natural gas company that Hunter Biden got a no-show job with that paid him $50,000-$83,000 a month. That investigation didn’t happen. So much for clear impressions.
Gregg Jarrett’s article highlights the fatal flaw with the testifiers’ testimony:
These hearings have revealed a common and consistent thread. None of the witnesses have provided any direct evidence that President Trump committed an impeachable act. Instead, they have offered an endless stream of hearsay, opinion and speculation.
Of all of the people who testified, only Sondland had talked directly with President Trump.
Marie Yovanovitch, the former U.S. ambassador to Ukraine, who testified on Day Two of the hearings, was fired months before the July 25th Trump-Zelenskiy phone call. That caused Devin Nunes to question why she was even there. Lt. Col. Vindman “testified that he felt ‘concerned’ about Trump’s conversation with Zelenskiy.”
The American people aren’t fooled. The TV viewership started off mediocre, then went downhill after that. President Trump’s approval rating went up. He’s now ahead of the Democrats’ top 4 candidates in Wisconsin. The momentum has switched.
If Democrats were smart, they’d put down their shovels and stop digging. That isn’t what’s likely to happen, though.
Posted in Adam Schiff, Foreign Policy, Impeachment, Impeachment Democrats, Jim Jordan, Pelosi
One Response to “MSM’s corruption exposed”
eric z says:
Gee. MSM corruption went undiscovered until now. What a surprise. Who would have thought … I am shocked. SHOCKED!
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3RDegree | Orion Tango: [November 1, 2015]
October 3, 2015 by NJProghouse
who: 3RDegree | Orion Tango
http://www.3rdegreeonline.com| http://1krecordings.com
when: Sunday, November 1, 2015 | 5:30PM Show | 4:30PM Doors
where: Roxy & Dukes | 745 Bound Brook Rd, Dunellen, NJ (map)
Cost: Online Presale $17 ($15 plus $2 processing ) | Walk ups day of show $25 (Cash Only)
3RDegree
http://www.3rdegreeonline.com
These are various aspects of our future possibly on their way to becoming commonplace. These are the things on the mind of 3RDegree and make up its fifth and first full concept studio album ONES & ZEROS: vol. 1-their first for label 10T Records. All songs offer a unique take on the issues and ethics associated with the rapid progress of technology. Ray Kurzweil & others
have been discussing futurism and transhumanism since the 1970s but only now are we seeing it impact our daily lives.
Spearheaded by 1990’s-era members California guitarist Patrick Kliesch & New Jersey lead vocalist/keyboardist George Dobbs, the rest of the band shortly pitched in different songs-all closely associated with the overall theme. As with previous albums, both fully-fledged and skeletal ideas were created and passed between band members via the Internet and worked on in
the flesh soon after.
ONES & ZEROS: vol. 1 continues to embody the musical direction envisioned by band founders Robert James Pashman & Patrick Kliesch in 1990: to create interesting and engaging music that mixes accessible melodies and catchy hooks with the intelligence and complexity of Progressive Rock. Releasing a debut cassette in THE WORLD IN WHICH WE LIVE in 1993 (w/ Pashman on lead vocals), 3RDegree decided to step up their game in 1995, adding a world class lead vocalist in George Dobbs and releasing their first CD (second “album”), 1996’s HUMAN INTEREST STORY, which was re-released digitally in 2013, remastered. After playing many live shows in the New York City area gaining little traction, the band hung it up, leaving much material sitting on the proverbial cutting room floor. Dobbs would continue musical endeavors including solo albums, Pashman and Kliesch would work on projects together (P0rtal) and a solo album each apart…but talk of 3RDegree was couched in the past tense until Pashman would make a video collection in 2005, putting together all the band’s music videos and performances onto DVD and basement tapes onto CDs. Discussion of the songs left behind bubbled under throughout that year until the original trio met at a NYC bar where it was agreed upon that the band would record again and later, play reunion concerts at NJ Proghouse in 2007 with original drummer Rob Durham and long time collaborator, guitarist Eric Pseja.
2008 saw the release of NARROW-CASTER (which included the aforementioned songs along with brand new ones) making a big splash in small progressive rock ponds worldwide with the Dutch Progressive Rock Page (DPRP.net) reveling: “It’s not often an album as refreshing as this comes along, and we should treasure it when it does…an album that demands repeated spins, and rewards every listen with some new revelation”. In 2009, drummer Aaron Nobel joined and the band played shows in Brooklyn (w/Phideaux), Connecticut (Marprog), Washington D.C & North Carolina’s ProgDay (w/Ozric Tentacles) later finding themselves working on some tracks with two different themes but with election year coming in 2012, the band decided that their political crop of songs would be particularly timely. THE LONG DIVISION would be released ahead of election day followed by many 2013 mid-year shows performed with IZZ, The Tea Club, Half Past Four, Dreadnaught and others culminating in a return visit to ProgDay ’13’s pre-show-all with new lead guitarist Bryan Zeigler. The album’s single “You’re Fooling Yourselves” made the Top 10 Songs Of The Year at DPRP’s yearly Poll (alongside many, much more “established” bands) and-even now-sits high in the Top Albums of 2012 at ProgArchives.com. After two “DIY” album successes, the band nonetheless decided to join forces with 10T Records to open up new ears to the band’s unique take on a loved genre. In early 2014, the band made an appearance at Québec City’s Terra Incognita Festival, w/Glass Hammer-3RDegree’s first show outside the USA.
In July 2015, 3RDegree released a new album on a new label and are poised to play a tour that will not only hit the American northeast, but also the U.K. (England & Wales), France, Germany & The Netherlands. 2016 holds in store a completed second volume of Ones & Zeros as well as additional live performances.
www.3RDegreeONLINE.com
www.Facebook.com/3RDegree
www.Twitter.com/3RDegreeonline
www.3RDegree.bandcamp.com
Orion Tango
http://1krecordings.com
Astounding playing all around by the trio of ORION TANGO on their instrumental debut album which features the seasoned talents of Barry Meehan on bass, Tim Motzer on guitars, + electronics, and Jeremy Carlstedt (protege of Chico Hamilton) on drums.
The Orion Tango album is no-holds-barred avant rock, filtered by somnambulant clouds of sound, held down and dosed heavily by Meehan’s stalwart bass playing. He inhabits a unique bass world―Astounding playing all around by the trio of ORION TANGO on their instrumental debut album which features the seasoned talents of Barry Meehan on bass, Tim Motzer on guitars, + electronics, and Jeremy Carlstedt (protege of Chico Hamilton) on drums.
Jeremy Carlstedt’s propulsive and dynamic drumming needs no introduction, a NYC jazz-rock drummer, who swings and composes, and is certainly one of the East Coast’s finest players.
Tim Motzer’s baritone guitar work displays his improvisational sonic artistry to maximum affect with signature atmospheric mists of sound to euphoric fuzzed-out solo departures and pan-African kalimba-esque acoustic-electric journeys.
Their debut album is a tour de force― 3 masters at work― creating in the moment in the studio. Meehan’s bass drives and anchors the record―amongst Motzer and Carlstedt’s extended flights―no overdubs―telepathically improvised compositions.
Tim Motzer After 17 years of world touring, stunning collaborations, and over 70 albums of credits this Philadelphia-based guitarist continues to traverse manifold territories in music and has developed a distinct textural guitar voice utilizing looping, bowing, electronics, and prepared techniques.
He has collaborated musical luminaries: David Sylvian, Burnt Friedman, Jaki Liebezeit (CAN), Ursula Rucker, King Britt, Jamaaladeen Tacuma, Pat Mastelotto, Julie Slick, Tobias Ralph, Markus Reuter, Kurt Rosenwinkel among many others. As a leader, his projects include Orion Tango, RMS, Goldbug, Instant Takemitsu, Global illage, Base3, Nucultures, & Tim Motzer SOLO. He releases his genre-defying solo work and collaborations on his 1k Recordings imprint and webcasts sessions from his studio on 1ksessions.com. He composes for film and video, and scores for choreographers in the world of modern dance.
Jeremy Carlstedt New York City-based drummer/songwriter/vocalist Jeremy Carlstedt has performed with some of the most forward thinking artists in jazz, rock, electronic and world music. As a protege of the legendary Chico Hamilton, Jeremy has absorbed music history in the best possible classroom: on the bandstand as a member of Hamilton’s group Euphoria as well as Vincent Chancey’s Phat Chance, Brian Settles and Central Union, and collaborations with guitarist Tim Motzer, which have put him on some of the world’s most prestigious stages including, The Kennedy Center, Lincoln Center, Newport Jazz Festival, Syracuse Jazz Festival and Roulette. Jeremy’s first solo recording, ‘When I Wake Up’ , released in October 2012, is an art-rock EP featuring his drumming, vocals and compositions. His forthcoming album ‘Stars Are Far’ due out in 2015, will feature his band (Brian Settles, Tim Motzer, Eric Wheeler, and Carlstedt) in a compositional and improvisational free jazz setting.
Barry Meehan Originally from the Cincinnati-area,where he worked with adrian belew and the bears, Meehan moved to Philadelphia and eventually became involved with cutting edge musicians in the experimental jazz scene. He’s no stranger to 1k Recordings fans either, having played bass & collaborated on numerous recordings by Nucultures, Base3, Secret Voices, Goldbug, Fractured Reverb Underground, and Orion Tango. A stalwart bassist and wonderful song writer, his list of credits also includes touring internationally with the Sister Gertrude Experience.
Orion Tango album review:
IT TAKES 3 TO TANGO
A tango is all about moving smoothly as one with your partner. Orion Tango’s tango is all about doing the same thing between minds and instruments. The newest project from Philadelphia’s genre-defying 1k Recordings label consists of guitarist Tim Motzer, bassist Barry Meehan and drummer Jeremy Carlstedt: a team of premier musicians who’ve played together in various settings in the past, but never in this trio configuration before. Their self-titled debut shows both the familiarity of longtime collaborators and the eagerness of a fresh outfit just discovering what it can do.
Drawing on the experimental spirit of Krautrock as much as the deep rhythmic stew of urban dub, offering infectious power-rock grooves and occasional noise on the edge of chaos, Orion Tango is a thick slice of heavy power-trio improv as this crew does it best. It’s a treat for familiar 1k listeners who love the forward-thinking eclecticism of Base3 or Global Illage, newcomers looking for one of the most exciting under-the-radar discoveries of the season, or just anyone with adventurous ears. Catch them onstage this fall and be ready for anything.
~Geno Thackera
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Published by The Nordic Society Oikos
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Photo by Gunnar Stenhagen We analysed the scent of Linnea borealis by gas chromatography – mass spectrometry (GC-MS) of adsorbed headspace samples (NJB-01732). The aim of the study is five-fold. 1. To describe the odour bouquet of L. borealis and compare it from separate...
The fig family (Moraceae) has fascinated botanists for generations. The family shows an extraordinary diversity in flower form and mode of pollination. We recently examined the reproductive biology of two highly unusual and poorly known relatives of the fig: Dorstenia...
By: Helena Korpelainen (author) Nordic Journal of Botany: doi: 10.1111/njb.01623 Pollen can enter buildings through open windows and doors, and people track pollen indoors on their clothes and hair as well. Pollen of most plant species has some level of allergenicity but some...
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C(h)ristian’s Blog
Masculinities and the Obsession of Nation
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Reality Check in Romania: A True (Orthodox) Romanian Man Explains Why ‘an Arab’ Cannot Be the Catalyst of the Disenchanted People Marching Against State Abuse.
A bit over a year ago, the people took to the streets in several countries across the ‘Arab world’ in what was later on called the ‘Arab Spring’. The Western medias have rushed to praise the people’s ‘democratic aspirations’ and their courage to speak against a brutified state apparatus. In contrast to that, in the UK the 2010 protests against the massive increase of the tuition fees and the 2011 anti-austerity protests were not met with the same sympathy. Demands for transparent and accountable democratic processes that have people at the center – instead of profit – were dismissed as ‘rioting’, ‘extremist’, ‘thuggish’ and ‘outright criminal’. In a similar vein, unfortunately, the massive protests witnessed these days in Romania, not only in the capital Bucharest but across the whole country, are derided in a similar manner. Reports mainly discuss the ‘football hooligans’, ‘mindless rioting’, ‘extremism’ or even ‘street warfare’ (in Romanian, aici).
A week ago, an apparently inconspicuous law triggering the profound reform of the healthcare system was uncovered to be a naked demonstration of political will on behalf of the acting center-right conservative government. Instead of being yet another law coming into force through the back door of a confidence vote in the Romanian Parliament, it was publicly condemned in a TV debate by Raed Arafat, the then Undersecretary of State for Health. Arafat, a Syrian Arab that has become a Romanian citizen, has distinguished himself by successfully founding the only professional emergency rescue service in Romania (SMURD/ Serviciul Mobil de Urgenţǎ, Reanimare şi Descarcerare), thereby embodying professionalism and moral standing in a healthcare system that is mostly regarded as book-example of corruption and oftentimes considered an expressway to the grave. Arafat’s opposition to the coming law was vehemently criticized and quickly dismissed by an angered President Băsescu, who called and demanded to intervene in the live TV debate. President Băsescu labeled Arafat’s criticism to the privatization of the healthcare system as mere ‘leftist views’ and decreed the necessity of opening the system to ‘the market forces’ (in Romanian, aici). The consequence of such a forceful televised intervention on behalf of President Băsescu was that Arafat presented his resignation shortly afterwards.
His resignation was met with popular indignation and triggered a series of demonstrations across the whole of Romania, from Târgu Mureș/ Marosvásárhely where Arafat founded SMURD and Cluj-Napoca/ Kolozsvár in Transylvania, to Constanța on the Romanian seaside and the capital Bucharest. The protests were initiated on January 12th 2012 in Târgu Mureș/Marosvásárhely as a non-violent demonstration in support of Arafat, and transformed in full fledged popular protests across the country in the coming days, continuing throughout the week and eventually gained the support of 5 trade union organizations. The riot police and the gendarmerie have been called to intervene in Bucharest and elsewhere under the pretext of ‘maintaining order’ and combating ‘the extremism’ of ‘paid football hooligans’ (in Romanian ‘ultras‘) and other such ‘elements’ (in English, here; here; and here; in Romanian, aici and aici).
Perhaps it is worthwhile to take a step back, and have a closer look at what does such a label of ‘extremism’ conceal. ‘Extremism’ is not represented by the tens of thousands of peaceful protesters that have had enough of a corrupt and idle political system that does not offer so much of a political alternative, but an alternation of the same unreformed political forces. Arguably, it is rather to be found impeccably dressed and allegedly representing Romania in the European Parliament.
Indeed, commenting on the ongoing demonstrations, George (Gigi) Becali, Romanian MEP on behalf of the radical right populist Greater Romania Party (PRM/ Partidul România Mare) and football club owner, defended President Băsescu. MEP Becali expressed his ‘disgust’ that thousand of Romanians have taken the streets in support of ‘an Arab’ against President Băsescu. MEP Becali added, in the same vein, that Romanians are not allowed to take the ‘Arab’s side’ on this matter and that the TV images with the demonstrators were ‘sickening’. He then concluded that ‘Arafat should go back to his country, among his Arabs! How can I take the side of an Arab against the President of my country?’ (in Romanian, aici).
In this context, the question that comes to the fore is why someone who has become a Romanian citizen is dismissed as a simple Other and recommended to return to his (or her) ‘home country’? What does it take for an Other to be accepted as a full-fledged Romanian citizen? Even more so, why ‘the Arab’ Arafat is refused the ability to coalesce popular dissatisfaction against a corrupt political system? The irony of history perhaps, but Arafat simply represents a continuation of the line of Others that triggered the coagulation of the people’s discontent in Romania. Here it suffices to mention another key figure in Romanian recent history: Pastor László Tőkés – a Romanian of Hungarian ethnicity and a Reformed Pastor. Pastor Tőkés played a major role in the initiation in Timișoara/ Temesvár of the December 1989 manifestations that led to the overthrown of Ceausescu dictatorship. In the manly confrontation that Romanian politics have turned into in the post-revolutionary period, why is Arafat deemed less than a man that President Băsescu? Since when the protection of a corrupt political system and taking the side of a Romanian President that has oftentimes stepped over the powers of his mandate is a clear marker of devotion for the country? MEP Becali defied the Romanian National Council for Fighting Discrimination (CNCD/ Consiliul Naţional pentru Combaterea Discriminării) and argued more recently that no possible fine would deter him from taking the side of ‘Romanians’ (in Romanian, aici). The immediate question that comes to mind is why is then President Băsescu more Romanian than the tens of thousands of Romanians (be them ethnic Romanian, Hungarian, Rroma, or even Arab) that have peacefully demonstrated against a state apparatus and a political elite that appears to have become just as brutish as the ones that ruled so ruthlessly in the ‘Arab world’?
Tags: Arab spring, Basescu, Becali, CNCD, discrimination, European Parliament, extremism, Greater Romania Party, healthcare reform, László Tőkés, masculinities, MEP, othering, privatization, protests, radical right, Raed Arafat, riots in Romania, Romania protests, Romania street demonstrations, Romanian nationalism, Romanian politics, Romanian purity, Romanianness, SMURD, street warfare, ultras
Tuesday, January 17th, 2012 Research No Comments
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HENSON EDITORIAL & NORTH STAFFORDSHIRE PRESS
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British vs American English
"The differences between British and American English involve not just spelling but also style, grammar, punctuation, typography and vocabulary as well as cultural" - Josephine Bacon
How true is that! Because of Word and Spellcheck we Brits needs to make sure that all our text has the correct spelling i.e. colour instead of color, behaviour instead of behavior throughout our documents.
Dialogue is noticeable because of the influx of American films (movies) - during the Second World War subtitles had to be used as we had never heard an American accent before and couldn't understand it.
Differences aren't confined to dialogue, and the most noticeable is the date - whereas we write dd/mm/yyyy the Americans write mm/dd/yyyy and no 'th' after the number. Full stops, as in 2.12.97 might not even be recognised as a date. Confusion can also arise as 1/12 in England is 1st December but in America it is 12 January!
Vocabulary-wise there are words used on both sides of the Atlantic that have different meanings, for example the pavement in England is the sidewalk in America. The pavement in America means the roadway or blacktop and there are many more: fieldstone (crazy paving); diaper (nappy); shade (blind); shades (sunglasses); dust ruffle (valance); valance (pelmet); faucet (tap) are just a few. The major differences occur in areas where the two cultures have diverged such as law, construction, architecture, banking and finance where for example a private ledger in the States is bought ledger in England.
Style and punctuation - such as can't, don't, etc - in England these abbreviations aren't used in advertising but Americans consider them too formal. Commas are more lavishly used in America as is the use of the single 'l' whereas we would use a double, i.e. dialled/dialed; travelled/traveled.
There are also regional variations in speech, however many Americans are amazed at our regional differences over what, for them, are such short distances.
Archived blogs:
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Home > News > NPA to bang the drum for members during election campaign
NPA to bang the drum for members during election campaign
18th Apr 2017 / By Alistair Driver
The NPA will call for all parties to deliver a fair deal for pig farmers from the Brexit negotiations ahead of the June General Election.
Prime Minister Theresa May sprung a surprise on Tuesday when she announced the Government’s intention to hold a snap election on June 8.
There will be a vote in the House of Commons on Wednesday to approve the election plan but this is likely to be a formality, with Labour saying it will vote in favour.
Explaining her decision, Mrs May said she had concluded this course of action was ‘the only way to guarantee certainty and security for years ahead’.
She accused the other political parties of ‘game playing’ and said this risked ‘our ability to make a success of Brexit and it will cause damaging uncertainty and instability to the country’.
Mrs May said: "The country is coming together but Westminster is not."
NPA chief executive Zoe Davies said the association would use the weeks in the run up to the poll to reinforce the pig sector’s priorities in the Brexit negotiations.
Zoe said: “We will call for all parties to ensure their manifestoes deliver a fair deal for the pig industry from the Brexit negotiations.
“Our top three priorities are free access to the Single Market, measures to protect UK producers and consumers from cheaper, lower standard imports, including insisting on equivalence of standards, and measures to ensure continued access to EU labour.
“We also want to see a fair and balanced regulatory regime that protects our standards on the global market but removes the unnecessary Brussels-imposed burdens, and policies that ensure we protect our borders from animal disease wherever it originates from.”
“Across the range of policies that affect pig farmers, Brexit- and non-Brexit-related, we will bang the drum for our members.”
To see the NPA's position on Brexit, see our Brexit briefing
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Hebron Village President charged with DUI, would violate probation if convicted
By SHAWN SHINNEMAN - sshinneman@shawmedia.com
Provided photo
John G. Jacobson
WALWORTH, Wis. – Hebron’s village president could face bulked up sentencing from a previous cocaine case if he’s convicted of pending drunken driving charges in Wisconsin.
John G. Jacobson awaits a March 13 court date in Walworth Municipal Court on October charges of operating while intoxicated, operating with prohibited alcohol concentration equal to or more than .15 percent and deviation from a designated lane.
A conviction would mean Jacobson violated his yearlong probation, a part of a plea deal struck in July 2013 to reduce pending felony charges for possession of crack cocaine to a Class A misdemeanor charge.
“If it would be proven that he violated the law, he did violate the terms of his conditional discharge and he could be resentenced,” Assistant State’s Attorney Michael Combs said.
Class A misdemeanors carry a maximum sentence of a year in jail.
The Wisconsin charge stems from an incident Oct. 27 in which Jacobson was pulled over at 2:40 a.m. in Walworth, Wis., according to a Walworth Police Department incident report.
Jacobson responded to a question about whether he’d been drinking by saying he’d had “a couple,” according to the report. A blood sample taken about 50 minutes after the arrest revealed a blood-alcohol content of .18 percent, more than twice the legal driving limit, the department said.
Reached by phone Tuesday afternoon, Jacobson didn’t comment on the charge but said he has pleaded not guilty.
Jacobson was previously found not guilty of a driving under the influence charge stemming from a late 2011 incident in Hebron.
In January 2013, Jacobson was charged with felony possession of a controlled substance and unlawful delivery of a controlled substance. Police said about three grams of crack cocaine were found in his car.
With Jacobson’s guilty plea, the felony charges were dropped and replaced by the misdemeanor attempted unlawful possession of a controlled substance. He was sentenced to a year of nonreporting probation under which he couldn’t violate any law in any jurisdiction.
Combs said he wasn’t aware of the potential violation until reached for comment by the Northwest Herald on Tuesday.
“Now that we’re aware of it, we’ll look into it,” he said.
Our view: Hebron must live with vote
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Italian restaurant in Cary plans for mid-October opening
750 Cucina Rustica will feature 750-degree brick oven
By HANNAH PROKOP hprokop@shawmedia.com
H. Rick Bamman
H. Rick Bamman - hbamman@shawmedia.com As construction work continues in the background co-owner Sallie LoBue explains some pasta dishes will be served in the cast iron bakeware they were cooked in. Items including baked rigatoni, short rib ragu and arancini will also be on the menu. When 750 Cucina Rustica opens in downtown Cary, LoBue hopes people will come to enjoy family time, a date, a celebration or unwind after work.
CARY – When 750 Cucina Rustica opens in downtown Cary, co-owner Sallie LoBue said she hopes people will come to enjoy family time, a date, a celebration or unwind after work.
The Italian restaurant will feature a 750-degree brick oven and plans to open in mid-October at 7 Jandus Road, which was previously occupied by Galati’s restaurant, LoBue said.
The 3,300-square-foot space is undergoing a $300,000 renovation, LoBue said. When finished, it will have a “rustic Italian” theme, LoBue said, with custom wainscoting with reclaimed wood from Barn Wood Studio in Crystal Lake.
“We’ve designed it with the intent to be very family-friendly, and I think just the design of the space is conducive to that,” LoBue said.
Separated from the main dining area, which seats about 96, is a video gaming space that will have five terminals, and a bar with an entrance off Spring Street.
LoBue will operate the restaurant with her husband, Massimo LoBue; father-in-law, Filippo LoBue; and mother-in-law, Antonia LoBue.
The family is also part-owners of Incontro A Tavola in South Barrington and ZaZa’s Tavola Italiana in Lake Barrington, Sallie LoBue said.
Sallie LoBue’s husband and in-laws all were born in Italy and have a large influence on the food.
The menu is designed around the brick oven, and will include pizza and pasta dishes, some served in the cast-iron bakeware they were cooked in, Sallie LoBue said. Items including baked rigatoni, short rib ragu and arancini also will be on the menu.
“A lot of the stuff is really just food we’ve grown up with,” Sallie LoBue said.
The restaurant will have a staff of about 22 people and start off being open for dinner. In the spring, the restaurant will likely expand to lunch hours and open its outside dining space off Spring Street, Sallie LoBue said.
At its meeting Tuesday, the Cary Village Board unanimously approved outdoor seating at the restaurant and a liquor license. Trustee Rick Dudek said he was remaining consistent with not supporting video gaming in the village, and was the sole no vote to allowing video gaming at the establishment.
At the Committee of the Whole meeting before the village board meeting, officials discussed the village’s revolving loan program, which has not been used since 2006.
Staff presented a new recapture strategy plan for the program to the board, which will then have to be approved by the State of Illinois before coming back to the village board for official approval, Cary Director of Community Development Brian Simmons said.
The restaurant is asking for a $125,000 loan that would be paid back monthly in a seven-year term with interest, according to city documents.
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Ontario Association of Children's Aid Societies
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Children’s Aid Societies engage education sector in campaign that reminds kids that help is available and no one is alone
Children’s Aid Societies across the province are reaching out to Boards of Education, schools, and EarlyON and child care centres and asking them to partner on the Ontario Dress Purple Day campaign, which this year takes place on October 24. The day of action raises awareness about every child and youth’s right to safety and well-being, and the responsibility of adults to support them when they need help.
“The Ontario Dress Purple Day campaign offers an amazing opportunity for communities in Ontario to come together in a show of support for children and youth,” says Christina Campbell, campaign lead at OACAS. “On October 24 we will be letting kids know in every way we can that adults and social service organizations are there to support them if they need help.”
This is the second year that hundreds of schools across the province will participate in the campaign. Teachers and education professionals will be using specialized classroom resources to engage in age appropriate conversations about child abuse and neglect, with the goal of supporting students to acquire skills to reduce their vulnerability to harm. The classroom resources have been developed for OACAS by Boost Child & Youth Advocacy Centre and Windsor CAS, both organizations that have decades of experience teaching prevention in classrooms. Age appropriate prevention education for students was a recommendation coming out of the inquest into the death of Katelynn Sampson.
“Schools have a unique window into the lives of children and youth, and so play an important role in supporting their safety and well-being,” says Mary Ballantyne, CEO of the OACAS. “For many children and youth, schools are the one place where they may encounter helping adults who can support them to address any challenges they are facing.” Ontario’s 49 CASs are an essential part of the provincial safety net for children, but they rely heavily on professional and public referrals to do their work. Schools are one of the leading sources for child protection referrals made to CASs.
To learn more about the Ontario Dress Purple Day campaign and how you can join in as part of the community that cares for kids, visit oacas.org/dresspurpleday.
On September 28, 2018 / Advocacy, Child Abuse Prevention, Children, Children's Aid Societies, Featured, Youth
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OACAS is committed to making reasonable efforts to comply with the requirements of the Accessibility Standards for Customer Service set out under the Accessibility for Ontarians with Disabilities Act, 2005 (AODA). Click here to access OACAS’ Customer Service Standards Policy & Procedure.
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On Monday July 12th, 1937 the Orange community in Toronto celebrated the anniversary of the Battle of the Boyne, parading for the 117th consecutive occasion. Following a rainy Sunday the procession stepped out in glorious sunshine from Queen’s Park at 9:00 AM and paraded via Wellesley, Yonge, Albert, James, Queen and Dufferin Streets into the grounds of the CNE.At the City Hall Cenotaph spectators were ten deep to witness wreaths being laid to honour veterans of the great war.
Ninety men’s lodges, many Ladies and Junior Lodges along with fifty bands contributed to the over 5,700 on parade. The procession was led by County Master William Goddard and Mayor (Brother) W.D.Robbins.
The keynote speaker at the Exhibition grounds was Leopold MacAuley, MPP York South who warned that” we as a country must face the growing dangers of Nazism and Communism”. Prophetic words indeed in 1937. Other speakers included; Hon.J.Earl Lawson MP, York South; Rev.David P. Rowland, York Presbyterian Church (a future GM of Ontario West); and Alderman Don McGregor all Brother Orangemen.
Toronto’s first Orange Lodge Nassau L.O.L. #4 was on parade and flourishing after 106 years. Brother Sam McAllister a patrol officer at City Hall was making his 55th Toronto Parade. Another notable marcher was Brother Fred Hubbard, TTC Commissioner.
County Marshall Wm.Harper rode at the head of the parade for the 39th time. The TTC did not mind having to reroute cars as parade day brought in an additional 20,000 paying customers above the daily average.
Today we recall with gratitude the work of the men and women of Toronto’s Orange Community and their invaluable contributions to the city. Their unselfish efforts have made it possible for us to celebrate the Battle of the Boyne in this North America’s longest consecutively held parade.
County Secretary
Note: This article appeared in the 2007 Parade programme
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AMERICAN COUNCIL FOR POLISH CULTURE
"Star Spangled" ACPC Convention 2013 - Baltimore, Maryland
by Peter J. Obst
Singing of the National Anthems (l. to r.) Deputy Chief of the Polish Diplomatic Mission in Washington Maciej Pisarski; singer Laura Kafka; Baltimore City Council President Bernard "Jack" Young; City Council member James Kraft; ACPC president Deborah "Debbie" Majka;
This year's American Council for Polish Culture (ACPC) convention commenced on Wednesday July 31 as members started arriving at the Sheraton Hotel in Baltimore's Inner Harbor. Located near the city's Camden Yards Baseball Park the hotel placed us in the heart of a lively convention and entertainment district for which the city has become famous. The meeting was held under the auspices of the Polish American Arts Association of Washington DC with support from the Polish Heritage Association of Maryland and the National Katyn Memorial Foundation.
The convention started in earnest on Thursday morning after Fr. Philip Majka offered up the invocation and Laura Kafka led the singing of national anthems. Then Tom Payne, president of the Polish American Arts Association of Washington DC, greeted the assembly and introduced Bernard C. "Jack" Young Baltimore City Council President who welcomed the conventioneers to the city. Also speaking were Maciej Pisarski Deputy Chief of the Polish Diplomatic Mission, and local councilman James Kraft.
The lunchtime speaker was James Conroyd Martin author of "Push Not the River" which since had two follow-up books, turning into a "Trilogy" played out against real events of Polish history. The first book was concerned with the Polish Constitution, the second with the Napoleonic Wars, and the third "The Warsaw Conspiracy" with events of the 1830 revolt against Russian domination, also known as the "November Insurrection." In his excellent presentation Mr. Martin not only whetted the audience's appetite for his books but also told a no-less fascinating story of how the books came to be published and the travails of bringing them to interested readers. Those wishing to learn more about the books should check his website: www.JamesCMartin.com
Later that day the group attended an exciting performance by soprano Sarah Kate Walston, winner of this year's competition for the Marcella Kochanska Sembrich Vocal Scholarship. On the eclectic program were selections by Mozart, Strauss, Szymanowski, Duke Ellington and a traditional American Spiritual. On conclusion singer received an enthusiastic round of applause.
On the following day after conclusion of the business meeting, the group boarded a bus to be transported to the Holy Rosary RC Church parish hall for lunch which was to be followed by a planned round of touring in the city and beyond. Because Senator Barbara Mikulski (slated to receive an award at the Saturday banquet) was unavailable on Saturday, she instead came to speak to us at the lunch. As we munched on Polish delicacies provided by the Polish Heritage Association of Maryland and the National Katyn Memorial Foundation and served by the diligent staff at the parish, the Senator spoke about her time growing up in Holy Rosary Parish and the subsequent political career that followed. It was a great privilege to listen to this very dynamic and impressive lady who shared the history of her entry into politics and Polish-American past with us. Afterward, she was presented with the ACPC Distinguished Service Award. Unfortunately by that time we were already running late. Touring was confined to a visit at the National Katyn Memorial created by Andrzej Pitynski and placed by the National Katyn Memorial Committee headed by Richard Poremski. On the way to Fort McHenry the bus did a drive-by of the Pulaski Monument in Paterson Park and the rest of the time was spent at the place where our national anthem was born and where the Star Spangled Banner waved over the brave defenders of the fort during the War of 1812.
On Saturday the elections were held to fill vacated seats on the executive committee and board. Elected were:
Camile Kopielski - president
Mary Ellen Tyszka - first vice-president
Tom Payne - second vice president
Gregory Biestek - treasurer
Marcia Lewandowski - recording secretary
Directors: Alicia Dudka, Wanda O'Brien-Trefil, Raymond Glembocki, Janet Ann Hedin, Bernadette Wiermanski, Peter J. Obst
A number of issues concerning the disposition of finances and programs were decided. Most important was the discussion of the National Conference for the Social Studies (NCSS) program headed by Cecile Glembocki and her husband Raymond. The ACPC will again take part in the program, this year in St. Louis, MO, Nov. 22-24. Cecile has obtained the cooperation of Rita Cosby who will present her book "Quiet Hero" at the NCSS. The convention was also informed that 29 new members joined the ACPC in Savannah GA who will, for the time being, comprise a committee whose purpose is to promote Casimir Pulaski and Polish culture in that city. On their agenda is a Pulaski Birthday celebration for Savannah in March that is being sponsored by Edward Pinkowski's Poles in America Foundation. In addition Peter Obst spoke on the subject of the National History Day Competition, where presentations of Polish subjects and themes often are awarded top prizes. This could be an opportunity for the ACPC to extend its educational mission.
It was announced that the next board meeting will take place in St. Louis, MO on Nov. 8-9. More information will be posted on the web page: http://www.polishcultureacpc.org/StLouis2013/Louis.html The site for our next ACPC convention (2014) remains open.
The Convention concluded with the traditional awards banquet. Honored with the Founder's Award was Alicja Dutka. The Cultural Award was presented to conductor Piotr Gajewski for his work with the Baltimore Philharmonic and for promoting Polish classical music in general.
The Ojczyzna Dancers of Baltimore, under directorship of Dennis Klima, entertained the assembly with some spirited Polish folk dances from various regions of Poland. It should be noted that this group was nurtured by our dear departed Irena Mirecka.
So ended the 65th Annual "Star Spangled" Convention of the American Council for Polish Culture. Members went home energized, ready to carry on their separate missions in promoting Polish culture and history in their own parts of the United States.
1. After the Marcella Sembrich-Kochanska Concert - (l. to r.) Debbie Majka, accompanist Joy Schrier, Jaroslaw Golembiowski, Wanda O'Brien-Trefil, soprano Sarah Kate Walston; Robert Synakowski, Alicia Dutka
2. Cecilia Glembocki makes presentation on the National Conference for Social Studies
3. (l. to r.) Marcia Lewandowski, Camille Kopielski;standing Raymond Glembocki; Tom Payne; Deborah Majka; Mary Ellen Tyszka; Gregory Biestek
4. (l. to r.) Debbie Majka presents award to Senator Marbara Mikulski
5. Group Picture at the Baltimore Katyn Memorial
6. At the banquet (l.to r.) standing Ted Mirecki, Brian Trefil, Sharon Brzostowski, Edward Pawlowski;
(sitting) Raymond and Cecilia Glembocki, Wanda O'Brien-Trefil
7. (l.to r.) Founders Award recipient Alicia Dutka, Camille Kopielski
8. (l.to r.) Mary Ellen Tyszka, Cultural Award recipient conductor Piotr Gajewski, Debbie Majka
9. OJCZYZNA Dancers entertain at the Convention
10. OJCZYZNA Dancers entertain at the Convention
11. (l. to r.) Incoming ACPC president Camille Kopielski, Peter Obst, outgoing president Debbie Majka
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Navigation: Top : Model Railroad Clubs - United States : Southeast Usa : Florida
Model Railroad Clubs - United States : Southeast Usa : Florida
Directory of Model Railroad Clubs in the state of Florida.
Florida - ACSG The Northern Florida Division
Atlantic Coast S Gaugers - ACSG The Florida Division
The Northern Florida covers the northern part of the state of Florida.
Site Details/More Info: URL: http://www.trainweb.org/acsg/NFD/NFD_index.html (Added: 30-Sep-2014)
Florida - Big Bend Model Railroad Association
Tallahassee, FL - Welcome to the Big Bend Model Railroad Association Online. We’re glad to have you. The BBMRA serves train and modeling enthusiasts in Tallahassee, Florida and the surrounding community. We even have members from Thomasville, Georgia.
The BBMRA is a great place to fellowship with fellow hobbyist. We conduct modeling clinics, photography and modeling contests, and exhibit our trains. We model in N, HO, and Large Scale. Want to see us running trains? Check our events schedule and join us at the next meeting. We hope to see you soon.
Our primary goal is to preserve and promote the world’s greatest hobby, but we love to "just run trains!" Come check us out, perhaps at our next annual show
Site Details/More Info: URL: http://www.bbmra.org/ (Added: 28-Sep-2014)
Florida - Citrus Model Railroad Club
Inverness FL - The club is made up of about 40 members from several area counties, including Citrus, Hernando, Sumter, Marion and Alachua. New members are always welcome!
We have operating layouts in HO, N, and G scales. These layouts are open to the public for viewing.
Our clubhouse contains three large model railroads, including an HO layout that has been completely rebuilt with scenery into two levels for realistic operations. The layouts can be seen by the public, including other area model railroaders, Saturday mornings during the flea market and the week of the Citrus County Fair in March
Site Details/More Info: URL: http://www.citrusmodelrrclub.org/ (Added: 28-Sep-2014)
Florida - Consolidated Model Railroaders (CMRX)
Panama City, FL - HO Scale Model Railroad Club
Meetings every Tuesday and Thursday at 7:30 pm (Central) New members welcome!
Site Details/More Info: URL: http://cmrx.info/ (Added: 28-Sep-2014)
Florida - DeLand & Atlantic Model Railroad Club
The DeLand & Atlantic Model Railroad Club is a non-profit organization dedicated to promoting the hobby of model railroading.
Site Details/More Info: URL: http://www.delandatlantic.org (Added: 11-Dec-2006)
Florida - Florida Citrus Model Train Society
Plantation, FL - If you enjoy friendship and model trains come and meet us. An organization working with schools, provides modular layout that hosts toy train shows with an emphasis on the entire family.
Site Details/More Info: URL: http://www.fcmts.org/ (Added: 28-Sep-2014)
Florida - Florida Nature's Coast Model RailRoad Club
Brooksville, FL - The Florida Natures Coast Model Railroad Club is an organization whose purpose is to promote the hobby of model railroading between families in the Brooksville Florida, area.
NC Model Railroad Club was charted in 1996 and has grown to have several families who are presently building a HO layout as shown in this site. Our club has four meetings each month. Each meeting is open to members and guests alike.
Site Details/More Info: URL: http://www.angelfire.com/fl3/fncrailroad/index.html (Added: 28-Sep-2014)
Florida - H B Plant Railroad Historical Society
Plant City, FL - The H. B. Plant Railroad Historical Society began developing their sites in the 1914 Plant City High School Community Center at 605 N. Collins Street in January, 1985. Since that time, the H. B. Plant Railroad Historical Society began developing their sites in the 1914 Plant City High the Club has developed the Carwin A. Baxter Museum, a Library, five model layouts, restored several classrooms, and maintains the Raymond R. Myers museum at the Historical Depot Visitor’s Center. We hold a Swap Meet on the third Saturday in March, an open house during Pioneer Day on the third Saturday in November, and host a number of tours throughout our rooms. The Club also supports a Speakers Bureau for any occasion.
Site Details/More Info: URL: http://hbplantrr.org/ (Added: 28-Sep-2014)
Florida - Palm Beach Model Railroad Club
Palm Beach, FL - Since 1975 the Palm Beach Model Railroad Club has maintained a model railroad layout in Heritage Hall, Building 8, Palm Beach County Fairgrounds, West Palm Beach, Florida. The building is owned by the South Florida Fair Corporation. The layout is HO scale which is the ratio of one inch equals eighty seven inches, or approximately 1/8 of an inch to a foot of actual size. There are 25 club members who live from Jupiter to Pompano Beach, Florida.
Site Details/More Info: URL: http://www.palmbeachmodelrailroaders.org/ (Added: 28-Sep-2014)
Florida - Port Saint Lucie O scale Model Railroad Club
Port Saint Lucie, FL - Welcome to the Port Saint Lucie O scale Model Railroad Club!
The On30 DCC-controlled model railroad is housed in a 900 square foot room, and is modeled after the Denver & Rio Grande and the Rio Grande Southern railroads circa 1939.
Site Details/More Info: URL: http://www.westernbayrailroad.org/ (Added: 28-Sep-2014)
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Autophagy and Longevity
Mol. Cells. Jan 31, 2018; 41(1): 65-72.
Mol. Cells v.41(1); Jan 31, 2018
Article in classic view PDF (0.72 MB)
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Shuhei Nakamura, and Tamotsu Yoshimori
Additional article information
Autophagy is an evolutionally conserved cytoplasmic degradation system in which varieties of materials are sequestered by a double membrane structure, autophagosome, and delivered to the lysosomes for the degradation. Due to the wide varieties of targets, autophagic activity is essential for cellular homeostasis. Recent genetic evidence indicates that autophagy has a crucial role in the regulation of animal lifespan. Basal level of autophagic activity is elevated in many longevity paradigms and the activity is required for lifespan extension. In most cases, genes involved in autophagy and lysosomal function are induced by several transcription factors including HLH-30/TFEB, PHA-4/FOXA and MML-1/Mondo in long-lived animals. Pharmacological treatments have been shown to extend lifespan through activation of autophagy, indicating autophagy could be a potential and promising target to modulate animal lifespan. Here we summarize recent progress regarding the role of autophagy in lifespan regulation.
Keywords: aging, autophagy, C. elegans, longevity, transcription factors
Macroautophagy, hereafter referred to as autophagy, is a catabolic process targeting wide varieties of cellular contents. Autophagy occurs at basal level in normal condition, but is accelerated by varieties of stresses such as starvation, accumulation of abnormal proteins, organelle damage and pathogen infection. Autophagy was originally considered to be a bulk and non-selective degradation system. But subsequent studies show autophagy selectively degrades cargos and by doing so contribute to the intracellular homeostasis. During autophagy, a small cisterna, called isolation membrane elongates and surrounds a portion of cytoplasm to form a double-membraned structure, called the autophagosome. Autophagosomes are then transported and fuse with lysosomes to form autolysosomes for the digestion of sequestered contents (Fig. 1). During autophagy, several autophagy-related (ATG) genes are engaged sequentially in a highly regulated manner. Genetic studies in yeast have identified more than 30 ATG genes that are required for autophagy, most of which are conserved from yeast to mammals. Essential ATG genes are organized into at least five functional groups that allow for the initiation, formation, elongation, and fusion of the autophagosome. These functional groups are the Atg1/ULK initiation complex, the class III PI3 Kinase nucleation complex, the phosphatidylinositol 3-phosphate (PI3P)-binding Atg18/Atg2 complex, the Atg5–Atg12 conjugation system, and the Atg8/LC3-PE (Atg8/LC3-phosphatidylethanolamine) conjugation system. First step of autophagy initiates from the activation of Atg1/ULK complex, which lead to the formation of isolation membrane. The next step involves membrane nucleation by the Class III Vps34/PI3-kinase nucleation complex (consisting of Vps34, Atg6/Beclin1, and Vps15/p150) via production of PI3P, to start formation of a double-membrane structure, isolation membrane (or phagophore). In mammals, the isolation membrane originates from the endoplasmic reticulum (ER)-mitochondria contact site and from others including Golgi, endosomes, and plasma membrane (Chan and Tang, 2013; Hamasaki et al., 2013). To start elongation, the isolation membrane recruits the PI3P-binding complex consisting of Atg18/WIPI and Atg2, which regulates the distribution of Atg9, a transmembrane protein that has been proposed to deliver lipids to the isolation membrane and the growing autophagosome. During the next step, the isolation membrane expands into a double-membrane structure called the autophagosome. Autophagosome elongation is dependent on two ubiquitin-like conjugation systems, the Atg5–Atg12 conjugation system and the Atg8/LC3-PE conjugation system. In Atg5–Atg12 conjugation system, Atg7 and Atg10 (E1- and E2-like enzymes, respectively) conjugate Atg12 to Atg5 and this complex associates with Atg16. Then, the Atg12–Atg5 conjugate promotes the conjugation of phosphatidylethanolamine (PE) to cytosolic Atg8/LC3, which is formed by cleavage of the ubiquitin-like protein Atg8/LC3 by the protease Atg4. During this process, PE-conjugated LC3 associates with the autophagosomal membrane and therefore LC3 is most commonly used as an experimental marker of autophagosomes (Fujita et al., 2008; Kabeya et al., 2000; Mizushima and Levine, 2010). The autophagosome eventually matures into a closed cargo-containing vesicle, which then fuses with the lysosome to become the autolysosome, and its contents are finally degraded for recycling. Autophagosome fusion step is mediated by HOPS complex, phosphoinositides, Rab proteins and SNEREs. For the detailed molecular mechanism of autophagosome formation and autophagosome-lysosome fusion, please refer to the recent specific review paper (Nakamura and Yoshimori, 2017).
ACTIVITY OF AUTOPHAGY IS ONE OF CONVERGENT MECHANISM OF DIFFERENT LONGEVITY PATHWAYS
Mild reduction of Insulin/IGF-1 signaling
Reduced Insulin/IGF-1 signaling has been shown to extend the lifespan in several species (Kenyon, 2010). Initial discoveries were made in C. elegans, where mutations in age-1 and daf-2 genes were found to extend lifespan. Moreover, first connection between autophagy and longevity has been reported in this Insulin/IGF-1 signaling pathway (Melendez et al., 2003). In daf-2 mutants, autophagy activity is elevated, as reflected by increased autophagic vesicles by electron microscopy and GFP::LGG-1(a homolog of LC3 in C. elegans) puncta, a C. elegans autophagosome marker. Importantly, RNAi knockdown of bec-1/Beclin1 shortens daf-2 lifespan, indicating that activity of autophagy is essential for daf-2 longevity. Reduction of Insulin/IGF-1 signaling pathway extends lifespan in Drosophila and mice as well. Moreover, human centenarian has mutations in this pathway suggesting that this longevity pathway seems to be conserved up to human. Whether longevity in Drosophila and mice depends on autophagy need to be examined in future study. The mechanisms by which daf-2 mutants regulate autophagy are unclear, but they could include post-translational and transcriptional regulation. The catalytic subunit of the energy regulator AMPK (AAK-2 in C. elegans) is essential for lifespan extension in daf-2mutants (Apfeld et al., 2004), and it regulates autophagy in both C. elegans and mammals (Egan et al., 2011). It is possible that Ampk/aak-2-regulated autophagy contributes to lifespan, since AMPK overexpression is sufficient to increase longevity of Drosophila in an Atg1/Ulk1/unc-51-dependent manner (Ulgherait et al., 2014). daf-2 mutants also regulate autophagy at the transcriptional level. daf-2 mutants require a master regulator of autophagy and lysosomal biogenesis, hlh-30/TFEB for their long lifespan, display nuclear-localized HLH-30, and have elevated levels of several autophagy-related and lysosomal genes (Lapierre et al., 2013). HLH-30 translocates to the nucleus of intestinal cells following knockdown of mTOR and daf-2 (Lapierre et al., 2013). Since mTor RNAi inhibition in daf-2 mutants do not extend C. elegans lifespan in an additive manner (Vellai et al., 2003), they mediate lifespan extension through at least partially overlapping mechanisms. What is the autophagy cargo relevant for longevity conferred by reduced Insulin/IGF-1 signaling? A recent study suggested that mitophagy is induced in daf-2 mutants because mitochondria accumulate upon bec-1 and mitophagy gene inhibition and daf-2 mutants require mitophagy genes, including adaptor protein Bnip3/dct-1, the E3 ligase Park/pdr-1 and the kinase pink-1 for full lifespan extension (Palikaras et al., 2015).
Dietary restriction/reduced mTOR signaling
Dietary restriction is one of most prominent way to slow aging and extend lifespan in many species. Dietary restriction was first observed to slow down aging in rat about 100 years ago. Since then the beneficial effects to extend lifespan was confirmed in numerous species including yeast, worms, fly, fish, dogs, mice and apes (Mair and Dillin, 2008). Multiple molecular mechanisms have been proposed to mediate the effect of dietary restriction on longevity, including TOR and Insulin/IGF-1 signaling. The lifespan of the budding yeast S. cerevisiae can be measured by two methods; replicative lifespan (RLS) and chronological lifespan (CLS). Both RLS and CLS can be modulated in S. cerevisiae by reducing nutrients in the growth media (Smith et al., 2007). One method to induce dietary restriction is by amino acid limitation, which has been shown to extend CLS and also induce autophagy (Alvers et al., 2009a). Similarly, inhibition of the nutrient sensor mTOR by rapamycin (a compound discovered in a soil bacterium on the Easter Island Rapa Nui) increases CLS and autophagy, and autophagy genes are required for rapamycin to extend lifespan (Alvers et al., 2009b). However, the role of autophagy in yeast aging seems complex. Intriguingly deletion of only ATG15, but not other autophagy genes tested, blocks RLS extension induced by glucose limitation (Tang et al., 2008) which is another method of dietary restriction in yeast. Several models of dietary restriction exist in C. elegans (Greer and Brunet, 2009), including eat-2 mutants, which carry an acetylcholine receptor mutation that impairs pharyngeal pumping and reduces food intake. eat-2 mutants show increased numbers of GFP::LGG-1 in hypodermal seam cells. The longevity of eat-2 mutants are also abolished when several autophagy genes including unc-51/ULK1, bec-1/Beclin1, vps-34, atg-18 and atg-7 are inactivated (Hansen et al., 2008; Jia and Levine, 2007). In eat-2 animals, some autophagy genes are transcriptionally induced by several transcription factors, including hlh-30, pha-4 and nhr-62 (Hansen et al., 2008; Heestand et al., 2013; Lapierre et al., 2013). Recently it has been shown that intestinal autophagy is essential for lifespan extension during dietary restriction (Gelino et al., 2016). How these transcription factors contribute to activation of autophagy and longevity in spatial and temporal manners need to be clarified in future study. Similar to yeast, in C. elegans, lifespan extension induced by dietary restriction may be at least partly mediated through TOR, because TOR inhibition in eat-2 mutants does not further extend lifespan (Hansen et al., 2007). In line with this, similar to dietary-restricted worms, inhibition of TOR extends lifespan in transcription factor, pha-4 or hlh-30 dependent manner (Lapierre et al., 2013; Sheaffer et al., 2008). In Drosophila, rapamycin treatment results in a modest lifespan extension, and this effect requires the autophagy gene Atg5 (Bjedov et al., 2010), suggesting that reduction of TOR extends lifespan in Drosophila at least partially through autophagy similar to yeast and worms. In 2009, rapamycin treatments have been also shown to extend both median and maximum lifespan of male and female heterogeneous mice (Harrison et al., 2009). After that, other groups also confirmed the positive effect of rapamycin on lifespan in mice using different genetic backgrounds (Lamming et al., 2013). However, the contribution of autophagy to these mice is unclear.
Germline removal
Reproduction is negatively correlated with longevity in many species. Removal of germline stem cells by laser microsurgery or genetic mutation extends lifespan in C. elegans and Drosophila. In worms, temperature sensitive mutant, glp-1(e2141), which encodes C. elegans Notch receptor shows the reduction of germline stem cells and lifespan extension. It has been shown that the numbers of GFP::LGG-1 puncta are in germline deficient glp-1 animal and autophagy genes are essential for their longevity (Lapierre et al., 2011). In germline deficient animal, several transcription factors including hlh-30, mml-1/mxl-2 and pha-4 have been shown to induce autophagy genes (Lapierre et al., 2011; 2013; Nakamura et al., 2016). Interestingly, intestine specific knockdown of autophagy genes abolishes glp-1 longevity, while it is not the case in daf-2 mutants, indicating critical differences of autophagy regulation in individual tissues between conserved longevity paradigms (Chang et al., 2017). glp-1 animals have increased lipase activity and lipl-4 is required for glp-1 animals to live long (Wang et al., 2008). Lipl-4 overexpression increases autophagy and lifespan and this animal requires autophagy gene for longevity (Lapierre et al., 2011). These studies indicate lipid turnover by autophagy is essential for longevity.
Reduced mitochondrial respiration
The free radical theory proposes that aging is the cumulative result of oxidative damages to cells and tissues over time. These molecular damages are caused by reactive oxygen species (ROS) which is generated primarily from mitochondrial respiration. Although oxidative damages increase with age, it is still unclear if this is indeed causative effect to organism aging. Importantly, reduced mitochondrial respiration is known to extend lifespan of many organism from yeast to mice (Hur et al., 2010; Kirchman et al., 1999). In worms, the reduction of electron transport chain components extends lifespan, when they are inhibited during larval stages. Several mitochondrial mutants including ubiquinone synthetase mutant clk-1 and iron-sulfer mutant isp-1 also show longevity. Larval inhibition of autophagy genes (vps-34, atg-18 and lgg-1) specifically shortens the lifespan of clk-1and isp-1 mutants (Lapierre et al., 2013; Toth et al., 2008). Consistent with a role for autophagy, these mutants display increased numbers of GFP::LGG-1 punctae in the hypodermal cells during larval stage L3 (Lapierre et al., 2013). Frataxin is a nuclear-encoded mitochondrial protein involved in the biogenesis of iron-sulphur (Fe-S)-cluster-containing proteins and also involved in the function of the mitochondrial respiratory chain. Partial depletion of frh-1 has been shown to increase autophagic activity and extends the lifespan of wild-type animals, but not bec-1mutants (Schiavi et al., 2013). Moreover, a recent report showed that longevity of frh-1 mutants requires mitophagy genes for its longevity (Schiavi et al., 2015).
Forced activation of autophagy suffices to extend lifespan?
Loss of autophagic activity has been shown to cause premature aging phenotypes in many species. An unbiased screening for genes involved in chronological lifespan in yeast, identified several short-lived mutants which have mutation in macroautophagy genes (Matecic et al., 2010). Decreased lifespan is also observed in C. elegans Atg1/unc-51, Atg7, Atg18 and Beclin1/bec-1 loss of function mutants (Toth et al., 2008). Similar findings are reported in Drosophila as well (Simonsen et al., 2008). Although whole body knockout of Atg genes in mice leads to postnatal death, conditional tissue specific knockouts of Atg7 or Atg5 shows several age-associated phenomena including aggregation of inclusion bodies in neurons, accumulation of lysosomes containing lipofuscin pigments, disorganized mitochondria, increased protein oxidation and decreased muscle mass (Rubinsztein et al., 2011). Moreover, autophagic activity is known to decrease with age in several species (Chang et al., 2017; Del Roso et al., 2003; Donati et al., 2001; Uddin et al., 2012). Based on the correlation between autophagy and aging, it is reasonable to test if the forced activation of autophagy suffices to extend animal lifespan. Overexpression of HLH-30, a master regulator of autophagy and lysosomal biogenesis extends worm lifespan (Lapierre et al., 2013). Consistent with this, the treatment of TFEB agonists have been recently shown to extend lifespan in worms and mitigate metabolic syndromes in mice (Wang et al., 2017). In addition, ATG5 overexpression in mice extend lifespan both in male and female (Pyo et al., 2013). Moreover, neuronal overexpression of Atg8 is sufficient to extend lifespan in Drosophila (Simonsen et al., 2008). However why simple overexpression of these autophagy genes lead to the activation of autophagy remains elusive and further studies need to clarify this point.
PHARMACOLOGICAL ACTIVATION OF AUTOPHAGY CONTRIBUTING TO LONGEVITY
Spermidine
Administration of a natural polyamine, spermidine provides beneficial for health in a number of species and extends lifespan of yeast, worms, flies and mice (Eisenberg et al., 2009; 2016). Survival of cultured mammalian cells is also promoted by treatment with spermidine, and this is accompanied by epigenetic hypoacetylation of histone H3 via inhibition of histone acetyltransferase activity. This, in turn, correlates with transcriptional upregulation of multiple autophagy-related genes, including Atg5 and Lc3/ATG8/lgg-1/2 (Eisenberg et al., 2009). In keeping with this observation, spermidine fails to extend the lifespan of C. elegans subjected to bec-1 RNAi, whereas it increases the expression of DsRed::LGG-1 (Eisenberg et al., 2009) in a sir-2-independent fashion (Morselli et al., 2011). In flies, spermidine alters the expression of autophagy markers, protects against age-induced memory loss in an autophagy-dependent manner, and extends the lifespan in an Atg7-dependent manner (Gupta et al., 2013). Collectively, these data suggest that the positive effects of spermidine on health and longevity are mediated, at least in part, via autophagy induction.
Resveratrol is a naturally occurring polyphenolic compound found in grapes and an activator of the NAD-dependent histone deacetylase sirtuin (SIRT1). Administration of resveratrol is known to extend the lifespan of several model organisms (Park et al., 2013). Especially, the lifespan extension in C. elegans seems to be dependent on autophagy since resveratrol fails to extend the lifespan of bec-1 (RNAi) treated animals. Additionally, resveratrol increases DsRed::LGG-1 levels in wild-type animals but not in sir-2.1 loss-of-function mutants (Morselli et al., 2010). These observations are in agreement with findings in mammalian cells, where pharmacological activation of SIRT1 by resveratrol treatment stimulates autophagic flux (Morselli et al., 2010).
Urolithin A
Urolithin A as a first-in-class natural compound that induces mitophagy both in vitro and in vivo following oral consumption. In C. elegans, urolithin A prevents the accumulation of dysfunctional mitochondria with age and extends lifespan (Ryu et al., 2016). Likewise, Urolithin A prolongs normal activity during aging in C. elegans, including mobility and pharyngeal pumping, while maintaining mitochondrial respiratory capacity. These effects are observed in rodents, where Urolithin A improves exercise capacity in two different mouse models of age-related decline of muscle function, as well as in young rats.
Tomatidine
Tomatidine, a natural compound abundant in unripe tomatoes, inhibits age-related skeletal muscle atrophy in mice. Recent study shows that tomatidine extends lifespan and healthspan in C. elegans (Fang et al., 2017). Tomatidine improves many C. elegans behaviors related to healthspan and muscle health, including increased pharyngeal pumping, swimming movement, and reduced percentage of severely damaged muscle cells. Microarray, imaging, and behavioral analyses reveal that tomatidine maintains mitochondrial homeostasis by modulating mitochondrial biogenesis and PINK-1/DCT-1-dependent mitophagy. Detailed analysis shows tomatidine induces mitochondrial hormesis by mildly inducing ROS production, which in turn activates the SKN-1/Nrf2 pathway and possibly other cellular antioxidant response pathways, followed by increased mitophagy. This mechanism occurs in C. elegans, primary rat neurons, and human cells.
AUTOPHAGY REGULATORS RELEVANT FOR LONGEVITY
HLH-30/TFEB
TFEB originally identified as a master regulator of lysosomal biogenesis is subsequently is shown to regulate autophagy and fat metabolism (Sardiello et al., 2009; Settembre et al., 2011; 2013a). TFEB is known to be negatively regulated by nutrient sensor TOR. At nutrient rich condition, TFEB is phosphorylated on lysosome. Phosphorylated TFEB is bound to 14-3-3 and is mainly localized on cytosol. Upon starvation, TOR becomes inactivated and TFEB is then dephosphorylated and translocated in the nucleus to initiate the transcription of target genes (Settembre et al., 2013b). C. elegans homolog of TFEB, HLH-30 has been shown to regulate genes involved in autophagy and lysosomal function. Essentially, HLH-30 is translocated to the nucleus by inhibition of Insulin/IGF-1 signaling, mitochondrial respiration, TOR signaling, translation and germline removal, and is required for their longevity. Moreover, overexpression of hlh-30 is sufficient to extend lifespan of wild type animals. These results indicate that HLH-30/TFEB is a master transcription factor regulating many longevity pathways possibly through transcriptional activation of target genes involved in autophagy and lysosomal function. In future, it is worth examining whether TFEB has a role to regulate aging and lifespan in mammals.
MML-1/Mondo
Other bHLH transcription factor complex, MML-1/MXL-2 has been identified as a novel regulator of longevity (Nakamura et al., 2016). MML-1/MXL-2 belongs to Myc and Mondo family member and their homologs, MondoA/MLX or ChREBP/MXL functions as a glucose sensor. MML-1/MXL-2 is required for the longevity conferred by germline removal, reduced Insulin/IGF-1 signaling, reduced mitochondrial respiration, reduced TOR signaling in C. elegans. Interestingly, inhibition of MML-1/MXL-2 impairs HLH-30 nuclear localization and activation of autophagy in germline less long-lived animals, glp-1. This is partly through the regulation of lars-1, a positive regulator of TOR signaling. Interestingly, in glp-1, MML-1/MXL-2 and HLH-30 are mutually regulated each other. Comprehensive transcriptome analysis reveals they have many shared target genes including lysosomal genes, but also have preferential targets. Some autophagy genes including atg-2/ATG2, atg-9/ATG9 and epg-9/ATG101 are preferentially regulated by MML-1/MXL-2, while unc-51/ULK1 and lgg-1/LC3 are regulated by HLH-30 (Nakamura et al., 2016). Thus, they might distribute the responsibilities to reinforce autophagy and longevity in germline less animals.
Forkhead transcription factors (daf-16/FOXO, pha-4/FOXA)
In C. elegans, Drosophila and mouse, reduction of Insulin/IGF-1 signaling ultimately activates DAF-16/FOXO function and extends lifespan. In worms, DAF-16 upregulates some of autophagy genes and increases autophagy flux (Jia et al., 2009). Consistent with this, overexpression of DAF-16 increase the number of autophagosomes. However, although daf-2 and daf-16 double mutants do not show longevity, these mutants still have increased numbers of autophagosomes. Conceivably, other factors compensate the activity of autophagy or DAF-16 regulates autophagy at other timing. Other forkhead transcription factor, PHA-4/FOXA binds to the promoter region of unc-51/Ulk1, bec-1/Becn1, lgg-1/LC3 which work in early stage of autophagosome formation and upregulates these genes in worms, leading to autophagic activation. pha-4 is required for the longevity by mTOR inhibition, germline removal and calorie restriction through activation of autophagy.
miR-34
Many microRNA has been shown to regulate animal lifespan. Among them, miR-34 is related to autophagy and aging in some species. In worms, loss of function of miR-34 extends lifespan and this longevity is abolished by RNAi knockdown of several autophagy regulators, bec-1, atg-9 and atg-4.1 (Yang et al., 2013). In long-lived calorie restricted mice, miR-34 expression is reduced. In worms, miR-34 expression increases with age and represses autophagy gene, Atg9a in vitro. In contrary, increased Mir34 levels extend lifespan and reduces the neurodegeneration caused by polyglutamine expansion protein in Drosophila (Liu et al., 2012). However, the contribution of autophagy in this context remains elusive.
NAD-dependent deacetylase SIRT1 (sirtuin 1) is a particularly well-known modulator of aging. Specifically, the life spans of yeast, worms, and flies can be extended by overexpression and/or pharmacological activation of SIRT1 and the lifespan of mice is extended by ubiquitous overexpression of SIRT6, or brain-specific overexpression of SIRT1 (Giblin et al., 2014; Park et al., 2013). In C. elegans, the lifespan extension of the SIRT1 activator resveratrol requires the expression of bec-1 suggesting that autophagy is necessary for this longevity paradigm. SIRT1 regulates autophagy gene expression through histone deacetylation, with lysine 16 on histone H4 (H4K16) (Fullgrabe et al., 2014). SIRT1 is known to co-immunoprecipitate with ATG5, ATG7 and LC3 and deacetylate these in vitro and these interactions could be also essential for autopagy regulation (Lee et al., 2008).
As we described above, accumulating evidences show activation of autophagy seems essential for longevity. However, the several fundamental questions remain elusive. How is autophagy regulated during aging? Cells, tissues and timing specific roles of autophagy also need to be considered. Recently and unexpectedly, neuron specific knockdown of autophagy after reproductive period has been shown to extend lifespan in worms (Wilhelm et al., 2017). Thus, it is crucial to understand spatio- and temporal-regulation of autophagy and their physiological relevance to aging. It is essential to determine how autophagy contribute to lifespan extension and which autophagy cargo are relevant for aging and longevity. Clearance of lipids (lipophagy) and mitochondria (mitophagy) are relevance to C. elegans ageing (Lapierre et al., 2011; Palikaras et al., 2015; Wang et al., 2008). It remains to be clarified whether such selective autophagy or other autophagy cargos contributes to aging in other species. Additionally, it is necessary to assess which potential autophagy inducers are effective and applicable to humans. One fundamental problem is there is no way to monitor autophagy activity in human. These questions and problems need to be solved in upcoming studies with technical advances.
Mol. Cells.Jan 31, 2018; 41(1): 65-72.
Published online 2018-01-23. doi: 10.14348/molcells.2018.2333
1Department of Genetics, Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka University, Osaka, Japan
2Department of Intracellular Membrane Dynamics, Graduate School of Frontier Biosciences, Osaka University, Osaka, Japan
*Correspondence: tamyoshi@fbs.osaka-u.ac.jp
Received December 5, 2017; Accepted December 29, 2017.
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Longevity through activation of autophagy
Genetic or pharmacological manipulations
Epistatic analysis by inhibition of autophagy genes
Reduced insulin/IGF-1 signaling Worm Lifespan extension, activation of autophagy Cancelation of longevity Meléndez et al., 2003
Calorie restriction Worm Lifespan extension, activation of autophagy Cancelation of longevity Jia et al., 2007
Reduced TOR signaling Worm Lifespan extension, activation of autophagy Cancelation of longevity Hansen et al., 2008
Reduced mitochondrial respiration Worm Lifespan extension, activation of autophagy Cancelation of longevity Toth et al., 2008
Germline removal Worm Lifespan extension, activation of autophagy Cancelation of longevity Lapierre et al., 2011
HLH-30 overexpression Worm Lifespan extension, activation of autophagy Cancelation of longevity Lapierre et al., 2013
Urolithin A Worm, mouse Lifespan extension(worms), improved muscle function(mouse), activation of mitophagy Cancelation of longevity Ryu et al., 2016
Resveratrol Worm Lifespan extension, activation of autophagy Cancelation of longevity Morselli et al., 2010
Spermidine Worm, Drosophila Lifespan extension, activation of autophagy Cancelation of longevity Eisenberg et al., 2009
Rapamycin Drosophila Lifespan extension, activation of autophagy Cancelation of longevity Bjedov et al., 2010
Tomatidine Worm Lifespan extension, activation of autophagy ND Fang et al., 2017
Brain specific Atg8 overexpression Drosophila Lifespan extension in female ND Simonsen et al., 2008
ATG5 overexpression Mouse Lifespan extension, activation of autophagy ND Pyo et al., 2013
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Cross-talk between Phosphate Starvation and Other Environmental Stress Signaling Pathways in Plants
Dongwon Baek1,4, Hyun Jin Chun2,4, Dae-Jin Yun3, and Min Chul Kim1,2,*
1Division of Applied Life Science (BK21 PLUS), Plant Molecular Biology and Biotechnology Research Center, Gyeongsang National University, Jinju 52828, Korea, 2Institute of Agriculture & Life Science, Gyeongsang National University, Jinju 52828, Korea, 3Department of Biomedical Science and Engineering, Konkuk University, Seoul 05029, Korea
*Correspondence: mckim@gnu.ac.kr
Received September 15, 2017; Revised September 21, 2017; Accepted September 30, 2017.; Published online October 17, 2017.
Other SectionsABSTRACTINTRODUCTIONTRANSCRIPTION FACTORS THAT CO-REGULATE PI STARVATION AND OTHER STRESS SIGNALING PATHWAYSIN SILICO ANALYSIS OF PUTATIVE CIS-ACTING REGULATORY ELEMENTS IN PI-RESPONSIVE GENE PROMOTERSCONCLUSIONTABLESREFERENCES ABSTRACT
The maintenance of inorganic phosphate (Pi) homeostasis is essential for plant growth and yield. Plants have evolved strategies to cope with Pi starvation at the transcriptional, post-transcriptional, and post-translational levels, which maximizes its availability. Many transcription factors, miRNAs, and transporters participate in the Pi starvation signaling pathway where their activities are modulated by sugar and phytohormone signaling. Environmental stresses significantly affect the uptake and utilization of nutrients by plants, but their effects on the Pi starvation response remain unclear. Recently, we reported that Pi starvation signaling is affected by abiotic stresses such as salt, abscisic acid, and drought. In this review, we identified transcription factors, such as MYB, WRKY, and zinc finger transcription factors with functions in Pi starvation and other environmental stress signaling. In silico analysis of the promoter regions of Pi starvation-responsive genes, including phosphate transporters, microRNAs, and phosphate starvation?induced genes, suggest that their expression may be regulated by other environmental stresses, such as hormones, drought, cold, heat, and pathogens as well as by Pi starvation. Thus, we suggest the possibility of cross-talk between Pi starvation signaling and other environmental stress signaling pathways.
Keywords: cis-acting regulatory element, microRNA, phosphate transporter, phosphate starvation, PSI gene, transcription factor
Other SectionsABSTRACTINTRODUCTIONTRANSCRIPTION FACTORS THAT CO-REGULATE PI STARVATION AND OTHER STRESS SIGNALING PATHWAYSIN SILICO ANALYSIS OF PUTATIVE CIS-ACTING REGULATORY ELEMENTS IN PI-RESPONSIVE GENE PROMOTERSCONCLUSIONTABLESREFERENCES INTRODUCTION
The availability of inorganic phosphate (Pi) in soil is a crucial determinant of plant growth and development as well as crop productivity (Raghothama, 1999). Plants have evolved morphological, physiological, biochemical, and molecular processes to improve the mobilization, acquisition, and efficient utilization of Pi under deficiency conditions (Poirier and Bucher, 2002; Yuan and Liu, 2008). Reports on the mechanisms that regulate sensing and the response to Pi starvation have identified Pi starvation signaling pathway components and the cross-talk between Pi starvation responses and other plant signaling pathways, including sugars, phytohormones, and photosynthesis (Franco-Zorrilla et al., 2005; Lei et al., 2011a; Rouached et al., 2010; Rubio et al., 2009).
Cross-regulation occurs between Pi starvation and other plant signaling pathways, such as sugars and phytohormones (Rouached et al., 2010; Yuan and Liu, 2008). Pi starvation often causes sugar accumulation in plant tissues; high sugar levels in roots induce root system architecture (RSA) changes under Pi deprivation (Ciereszko et al., 2005; Hammond and White, 2008). Moreover, exogenous sucrose treatment increases the expression levels of Pi transporters and phosphate starvation–induced (PSI ) genes (Karthikeyan et al., 2007; Lejay et al., 2008; Müller et al., 2005). Sugar signaling is also connected with various hormone signaling pathways under Pi starvation (Gibson, 2004). Auxin and ethylene levels are increased by sucrose in the roots, where they are related to RSA developmental changes in Pi starvation responses (Jain et al., 2007; Ma et al., 2003). Pi and abscisic acid (ABA) signaling pathways mediate developmental processes during RSA changes, including increases in the root:shoot ratio and root hair density (Ciereszko and Kleczkowski, 2002; Trull et al., 1997). The cytokinin receptor CRE1/WOL/AHK4 is implicated in the cross-talk between Pi and cytokinin signal transduction pathways by controlling the transcriptional levels of PSI genes (Franco-Zorrilla et al., 2005; Wang et al., 2006). Thus, Pi starvation signaling is strongly linked with numerous plant signaling pathways to maintain appropriate Pi homeostasis in response to changing environmental conditions.
The signaling networks involved with plant responses to Pi starvation are well known, but the cross-talk between Pi starvation and other abiotic stress signaling pathways remains unclear. Recently, however, their cross-talk has been suggested in physiological, phenotypical, and molecular levels. In barley, heat stress affects the expression of PSI genes, which leads to maintenance of Pi homeostasis in plant tissues (Pacak et al., 2016). They suggest that retarded growth and accelerated senescence of barley under heat stress conditions is probably due to disturbances of the macronutrient, including Pi, homeostasis. Comparative root transcriptome analysis using rice cultivars exhibiting contrasting RSA suggests that plants recruit common molecular machinery controlling different regulatory pathways, such as root development, nutrient signaling, biotic- or abiotic-stress responses (Singh et al., 2016). In addition, the RSA formation under Pi starvation conditions are also adjusted by metal stresses, such as arsenate, iron, and aluminum (Dong et al., 2017). In Arabidopsis accessions sensitivities to Pi deficiency are extremely enhanced by arsenate stress (Shukla et al., 2015). Recent reports mention that the AtMYB2 transcription factor, which functions in abiotic stress signaling pathways in Arabidopsis (Abe et al., 2003; Yoo et al., 2005), also acts as a direct transcriptional activator of the miR-NA399f (miR399f ) gene, which plays a crucial role in maintaining Pi homeostasis (Baek et al., 2013). The miR399f also plays numerous roles in modulating plant responses to abiotic stresses, such as salt, ABA, and drought (Baek et al., 2016). The results indicate that cross-talk occurs between Pi starvation signaling and other abiotic stress signaling pathways.
The transcription factors and cis-acting elements of molecular components involved in the signaling cascade have been analyzed to understand plant signaling regulatory mechanisms (Jain et al., 2012; Liu et al., 2015; Yamaguchi-Shinozaki and Shinozaki, 2005), where some transcription factors play multiple roles in responses to different stresses (Briat et al., 2015; Jain et al., 2012). Thus, in silico analysis of cis-acting regulatory elements in the promoters of stress-responsive genes have clarified the molecular and regulatory mechanisms of cross-talk among several stress signaling pathways. In this review, we summarize the transcription factors that participate in both Pi starvation responses and other signaling responses to phytohormones and biotic and abiotic stresses. We believe that the expression of several genes involved in Pi starvation responses may be mediated via different stress signaling cascades according to in silico analysis of the links between Pi starvation and other stress signaling pathways.
Other SectionsABSTRACTINTRODUCTIONTRANSCRIPTION FACTORS THAT CO-REGULATE PI STARVATION AND OTHER STRESS SIGNALING PATHWAYSIN SILICO ANALYSIS OF PUTATIVE CIS-ACTING REGULATORY ELEMENTS IN PI-RESPONSIVE GENE PROMOTERSCONCLUSIONTABLESREFERENCES TRANSCRIPTION FACTORS THAT CO-REGULATE PI STARVATION AND OTHER STRESS SIGNALING PATHWAYS
MYB Transcription Factors
MYB transcription factors are associated with the signaling networks in various stress responses (Dubos et al., 2010; Franco-Zorrilla et al., 2004). Phosphate starvation response 1 (PHR1) is a representative MYB transcription factor in Pi starvation response (Rubio et al., 2001). PHR1 and PHR1-like (PHL) belong to the MYB-CC class and they directly bind to PHR1-binding site (P1BS; GNATATNC) or P1BS-like (AC/AATATT/CC) elements in the promoter regions of target genes during the Pi starvation stress (Table 1). PHR1 and PHLs regulate the transcription of Pi starvation response target genes, including Pht, PSI, Pi starvation-responsive, and Pi starvation–induced acid phosphatase genes (Nilsson et al., 2007; Sun et al., 2016). PHR1 primarily acts as a transcriptional activator of Pht1, and PHO1 is necessary for Pi uptake by roots under Pi-deficient conditions (Bayle et al., 2011). PHR1 also controls the transcription of genes, such as FERRITIN 1 and galactolipid synthesis genes in responses to Pi, metals, and oxygen deficiency (Bournier et al., 2013; Briat et al., 2015; Klecker et al., 2014).
MYB2 functions as a transcriptional activator of ABA-dependent or ABA-independent genes under abiotic stress. MYB2 increases the transcriptional level of RD22 by activating its promoter under drought and ABA stress conditions (Abe et al., 1997; Hoeren et al., 1998). Results of microarray analyses using transgenic plants that overexpressed MYC2/MYB2 showed upregulation of RD22, ADH1, COR6.6, and RD20 genes and the presence of MYB-binding sequences in their promoter regions (Abe et al., 2003). MYB2 also activates the transcription of miR399f in the Pi starvation response by directly binding to a MYB-binding site (MBS; TAACTG) motif in the miR399f promoter region (Table 1; Baek et al., 2013). Like MYB2, MYB62 is a member of the MYB-R2R3 family and localizes in the nucleus (Table 1; Devaiah et al., 2009). Under Pi-sufficient and Pi-deficient conditions, the transcript levels of gibberellic acid (GA) biosynthetic genes and PSI genes decrease in MYB62-overexpressing plants, which have a GA-deficient phenotype. MYB2 is a transcriptional activator, whereas MYB62 suppresses target gene transcription during stress (Devaiah et al., 2009).
WRKY transcription factors
WRKY transcription factors are involved in auto-regulation and cross-regulation by modulating plant transcriptional processes in multiple stress signaling pathways (Banerjee and Roychoudhury, 2015; Phukan et al., 2016). WRKY transcription factors with a C2H2 zinc finger domain control target gene transcription by binding to W box (TTGACT/C) elements (Chiou and Lin, 2011; Rushton et al., 2010). The WRKY6 transcription factor is a typical WRKY family member with roles in the responses to different stimuli, where it enhances the PR1 promoter activity in senescence and pathogen-defense signaling (Chen et al., 2009; Huang et al., 2016; Robatzek and Somssich, 2002). WRKY6 expression is also highly induced by bacterial pathogens and it increases the senescence-induced receptor-like kinase promoter’s activity in response to the bacterial elicitor flagellin (Robatzek and Somssich, 2002). WRKY6 directly binds to the W box within the RAV1 promoter and decreases its gene transcript level during ABA stress response (Huang et al., 2016). Thus, WRKY6 modulates the cross-talk among different stress responses by regulating the transcription of various target genes (Table 1).
WRKY6 negatively regulates PHO1 expression (Chen et al., 2009) and a WRKY6 homolog, WRKY42, positively regulates Pht1 and PHO1 transcription in the Pi starvation response (Table 1; Su et al., 2015). WRKY6 and WRKY42 are both degraded via 26S proteasome-mediated proteolysis in the Pi starvation response (Chen et al., 2009; Su et al., 2015). WRKY45 is specifically expressed in roots and binds to two W box elements in the promoter of Pht1 to regulate its transcription (Table 1; Wang et al., 2014). A root hair-specific WRKY75 affects transcriptional cross-talk among Pi starvation, phytohormones, and biotic stress signaling pathways (Table 1). WRKY75 mutation suppresses the transcription of PSI genes, including phosphatases, Mt4/TPS1-like genes, and Pi transporters (Devaiah et al., 2007a). WRKY75 overexpression increases the transcript levels of jasmonic acid (JA) marker genes, such as PDF1.2, VSP1, and LOX2, but it decreases the expression of PR1, a salicylic acid (SA) marker gene (Chen et al., 2013; Schmiesing et al., 2016). Interestingly, WRKY45 and WRKY75 are mutual negative regulators in auto-regulation, where WRKY75 represses WRKY45 gene transcription by binding two W box elements within the WRKY45 promoter (Wang et al., 2014).
Other transcription factors
There are numerous other transcription factors that are important components of the transcriptional regulatory system of stress-responsive genes (Nakashima et al., 2009). C2H2-type zinc finger protein transcription factors function as essential components in Pi starvation and other abiotic stresses (Sakamoto et al., 2000). ZAT6 binds to three different sequences of POS9 (P-INO-specific regions) motifs in target gene promoters during developmental processes and the Pi starvation response (Table 1; Devaiah et al., 2007b; Meister et al., 2004). ZAT6 is strongly induced and closely related to abiotic stress responses, such as salt, cold, osmotic, and drought stresses, by binding to DRE (dehydration-responsive element) in target gene promoter regions (Table 1; Liu et al., 2013; Vogel et al., 2005). ZAT6 is highly expressed under cold stress and it regulates CBF2 transcription by binding to DRE within its promoter (Vogel et al., 2005).
Other SectionsABSTRACTINTRODUCTIONTRANSCRIPTION FACTORS THAT CO-REGULATE PI STARVATION AND OTHER STRESS SIGNALING PATHWAYSIN SILICO ANALYSIS OF PUTATIVE CIS-ACTING REGULATORY ELEMENTS IN PI-RESPONSIVE GENE PROMOTERSCONCLUSIONTABLESREFERENCES IN SILICO ANALYSIS OF PUTATIVE CIS-ACTING REGULATORY ELEMENTS IN PI-RESPONSIVE GENE PROMOTERS
Phosphate transporters
Plants have diverse biological mechanisms for enhancing the availability of external Pi in the soil via Pi transporters (Chiou and Lin, 2011; Raghothama, 2000). Pi transporters are encoded by members of PHT gene families, including nine Pht1 members, one Pht2 member, three Pht3 members, six Pht4 members, and three Pht5 members in Arabidopsis (Guo et al., 2008; Knappe et al., 2003; Liu et al., 2016; Rausch and Bucher, 2002). Pht1;1 transcription is positively regulated by PHR1 (Rubio et al., 2001), WRKY75 (Devaiah et al., 2007a), WRKY45 (Wang et al., 2014), and WRKY42 (Su et al., 2015) but negatively regulated by MYB62 (Devaiah et al., 2009) under Pi-deficient conditions. Several types of cis-acting regulatory elements exist in the Pht1;1 promoter, such as P1BS, W box, and MBS. To understand the transcriptional regulation of Pi transporters, we conducted in silico analysis based on the DNA sequences of Pi transporter promoter regions and showed that the expression of Pi transporters could be regulated by hormones and various other stresses as well as by Pi starvation (Tables 2 and 3).
In silico analysis suggest that Pht1;4, Pht1;7, Pht1;8, Pht1;9, Pht3;1, Pht3;2, Pht4;1, Pht4;5, Pht5;2 and Pht5;3 gene transcription is possibly regulated by auxin because their promoters contain auxin-related putative cis-acting regulatory elements such as AuxRE, AuxRR-core, TGA-element, and TGA-box (Table 2). The Pht1;3, Pht1;4, Pht1;6, Pht3;1, Pht3;3 and Pht4;2 gene promoters contain ethylene-responsive cis-acting elements, and a GA-responsive element is found in most Pi transporter genes except Pht1;6, Pht2;1, Pht3;3, Pht4;3, and Pht4;4 (Table 2). A previous report shows the induction of Pht1;4 expression by ethylene supporting the reliability of our in silico analysis for understanding the regulation of Pi starvation-responsive gene networks by other stresses (Lei et al., 2011b). Most Pi transporters contain putative cis-acting regulatory elements in their promoters, such as CGTCA-motif, TGACG-motif, SARE, and TCA-element, which are related to SA- and JA-mediated plant defense signaling (Table 2). The ABA or drought stress-responsive elements ABRE, DRE, and MBS also exist in most Pi transporters, except Pht1;6, Pht1;7, Pht3;1, and Pht5;2, and the cold-responsive element LTR is found in the Pht1;5, Pht1;6, Pht1;8, Pht2;1, Pht3;1, Pht3;3, Pht4;2, Pht4;5, Pht4;6, and Pht5;2 gene promoters (Table 3). Many Pi transporters have TC-rich repeats related to defense and stress responses, except the Pht1;8, Pht3;3, Pht4;4, Pht4;6, and Pht5;1 genes, and an HSE element for heat stress response, except the Pht1;2, Pht1;5, Pht3;1, Pht4;3, Pht4;5, Pht4;6, Pht5;2, and Pht5;3 genes (Table 3). Fungal stress–related Box-W1 elements are found in the Pht1;1, Pht1;3, Pht1;6, Pht1;9, Pht3;1, Pht3;3, Pht4;3, Pht4;4, Pht4;6, and Pht5;3 genes, and wounding stress-related WUN-motifs are predicted in the Pht1;4, Pht3;1, Pht4;1, and Pht4;6 gene promoters (Table 3).
Many microRNAs (miRNAs) such as miR156, miR399, miR778, miR827, and miR2111, are major regulators in Pi starvation signaling (Chiou et al., 2006; Hsieh et al., 2009; Pant et al., 2009). We showed that miR399f expression is regulated by the MYB2 transcription factor, which has roles in salt, ABA, and drought stress signaling (Table 1; Abe et al., 2003; Yoo et al., 2005) by directly binding to the MBS element in the miR399f precursor promoter (Baek et al., 2013). Moreover, salt and ABA stress enhance the activity of the miR399f promoter (Baek et al., 2016). The miR399f precursor promoter contains several cis-acting regulatory elements, such as CGTCA-motif (involved with JA) and LTR (linked with cold stress) (Baek et al., 2013). miR156 is a key player in the Pi starvation response and flowering, and it also plays an important role in salt, drought, and heat stress signaling (Cui et al., 2014; Stief et al., 2014). The transcription of miR156c is rapidly and greatly induced in response to salt and drought stresses via MYC, ERF, and W box motifs in the miR156c precursor promoter (Cui et al., 2014). Our in silico analysis showed that the miR156c precursor promoter contains various cis-acting elements, such as TGA-element, P-box, GARE-motif, CGTCA-motif, TCA-element, ABRE, LTR, TC-element, and Box-W1, thereby suggesting cross-talk between Pi starvation and various types of stress signaling during the regulation of miRNAs (Tables 2 and 3).
Phosphate starvation-inducible genes
The expression of many Pi starvation-responsive genes is cross-regulated by Pi starvation and other stress signaling pathways. Plant phytohormones, such as cytokinin, ethylene, ABA, and auxin are associated with the transcription of genes involved in the Pi starvation response. PHO1 plays a crucial role in Pi starvation signaling and it is significantly down-regulated by auxin, cytokinin, and ABA (Ribot et al., 2008). RNS1 is a secreted ribonuclease and another Pi starvation–related gene that is significantly upregulated by ABA (Hillwig et al., 2008). The RNS1 promoter contains several putative cis-acting elements, including ABRE, MYB/MYC, WUN-motif, W box, HSE, P-box, and TCA elements, which mediate various stress signaling pathways (Tables 2 and 3; Hillwig et al., 2008). SIZ1 is a small ubiquitin-like modifier E3 ligase paying important roles in enhancing the tolerance of environmental stresses such as salt, cold, drought, ABA, auxin, SA, and Pi starvation (Catala et al., 2007; Miura et al., 2005; 2007; 2009; 2010; 2011a; 2011b). Multiple functions of SIZ1 are known in various stress signaling pathways, but the transcriptional regulation of its expression remains unknown. Our in silico analysis indicates that the SIZ1 promoter contains various putative cis-acting regulatory elements, such as ABRE, LTR, TC-rich repeats, WUN-motif, CGTCA-motif, and TCA-element, which function in diverse stress signal transduction cascades (Tables 2 and 3). Our results provide biological insights into the mechanisms that regulate SIZ1 expression as well as its biological functions in plant stress responses. In summary, findings of our in silico analysis of the regulatory regions of Pi starvation–related genes, such as Pi transporters, miRNAs, and PSI genes, suggest that their expression may be related to various environmental stresses to maintain Pi homeostasis in plants.
Other SectionsABSTRACTINTRODUCTIONTRANSCRIPTION FACTORS THAT CO-REGULATE PI STARVATION AND OTHER STRESS SIGNALING PATHWAYSIN SILICO ANALYSIS OF PUTATIVE CIS-ACTING REGULATORY ELEMENTS IN PI-RESPONSIVE GENE PROMOTERSCONCLUSIONTABLESREFERENCES CONCLUSION
Phosphorus in the form of Pi is an essential nutrient for plant growth, development, and productivity, but Pi is one of the least available essential nutrients because of its insolubility and low available concentrations (Poirier and Bucher, 2002; Raghothama, 1999). To cope with Pi starvation, plants reprogram various cellular processes, including the reduction of internal Pi usage and activation of external Pi acquisition and recycling. Studies on Pi starvation signaling in plants have identified signaling components, such as transcription factors, non-coding RNAs, and protein modifiers, but also cross-talk with other plant signaling pathways including phytohormones, sugars, and other nutrients (e.g., iron) (Rouached et al., 2010; Yuan and Liu, 2008). Biotic and abiotic stresses significantly affect plant growth, but the links between Pi starvation and other environmental stress signaling pathways remain unclear. Understanding the cross-regulation of gene expression by identifying the transcription factors involved in both Pi starvation and diverse environmental stress signaling pathways, as well as in silico analysis of cis-acting elements in the regulatory regions of Pi starvation signaling components, will provide molecular mechanisms of the connections between Pi starvation and other environmental stress signaling pathways.
Other SectionsABSTRACTINTRODUCTIONTRANSCRIPTION FACTORS THAT CO-REGULATE PI STARVATION AND OTHER STRESS SIGNALING PATHWAYSIN SILICO ANALYSIS OF PUTATIVE CIS-ACTING REGULATORY ELEMENTS IN PI-RESPONSIVE GENE PROMOTERSCONCLUSIONTABLESREFERENCES TABLES
Transcription factors interconnecting Pi starvation and other stress-responsive signaling pathways in Arabidopsis
Type of Factor
Binding Motif
MYB Family MYB-CC (R1-type) PHR1 At4g28610 P1BS element (P1BS-like element) GNATATNC (AC/AATATT/CC) Pi starvation, metals deficiency, oxygen deficiency Briat et al., 2015; Bustos et al., 2010; Khan et al., 2014; Klecker et al. 2014; Nilsson et al., 2007; Rubio et al. 2001
PHL1 At5g29000 Pi starvation Bustos et al., 2010; Sun et al., 2016
PHL2 At3g24120 Pi starvation Sun et al., 2016
MYB-CC (R2R3-type) MYB2 At2g47190 MBS TAACTG Pi starvation, cytokinin response, salt/ABA/drought response Abe et al., 1997; 2003; Baek et al., 2013; Guo and Gan, 2011; Yoo et al., 2005
MYB62 At1g68320 Pi starvation, GA deficiency Devaiah et al., 2009
WRKY Family WRKY6 At1g62300 W box TTGACT/C Pi starvation, pathogen defense, ABA response Robatzek and Somssich, 2002; Chen et al., 2009; Huang et al., 2016
WRKY42 At4g04450 Pi starvation Su et al., 2015
WRKY45 At3g01970 Pi starvation Wang et al., 2014c
WRKY75 At5g13080 Pi starvation, JA/SA response, pathogen defense Chen et al., 2013; Devaiah et al., 2007a; Schmiesing et al., 2016
ZFP family Zinc Finger (C2H2-type) ZAT6 At5g04340 POS9A POS9B and POS9C DRE (GA)9 repeat TGTGAGAGATGGCCGAC Pi starvation, metals stress, salt/drought/osmotic stress response Chen et al., 2016; Devaiah et al., 2007b; Liu et al., 2013; Nakashima and Yamaguchi-Shinozaki, 2006
Analysis of hormone signaling-related putative cis-acting regulatory elements in Pi starvation-responsive gene promoters
Motif Name
Gene Name (Number of sites in the promoter)
AtPTs
Auxin AuxRE TGTCTCAATAAG AtPht1;8(1) miR2111a(1) None
AuxRR-core GGTCCAT AtPht1;9(1), AtPht4;1(1) miR156g(2) SPX1(1), LPR1(1)
TGA-element AACGAC AtPht1;4(2), AtPht1;7(2), AtPht3;1(1), AtPht3;2(1), AtPht4;1(1), AtPht4;5(1), AtPht4;6(1), AtPht5;2(1), AtPht5;3(1) miR156c(2), miR156g(1), miR156h(1), miR2111a(1) SPX4(2), PHR1(2), SCR(1), PAP2(1)
TGACGTAA None miR156b(1) None
TGA-box TGACGTGGC None miR2111b(1) None
Ethylene ERE ATTTCAAA AtPht1;3(1), AtPht1;4(2), AtPht1;6(1), AtPht3;1(1), AtPht3;3(1), AtPht4;2(1) miR156a(2), miR156b(1), miR156c(1), miR156e(2), miR2111b(1) At4/IPS2(1), PAP2(1)
GA P-box CCTTTTG AtPht1;4(2), AtPht1;5(1), AtPht1;8(2), AtPht4;6(1) miR156b(1), miR156c(1), miR2111a(2) SPX2(1), PHR1(1), RNS1(1), At4/IPS2(2), PDR2(2), LPR2(1), SCR(1), BAH1(1)
GCCTTTTGAGT None miR399d(1), miR399e(1) IPS1(1)
GARE-motif TCTGTTG AtPht1;2(1), AtPht1;4(1), AtPht1;5(1), AtPht1;7(1), AtPht1;8(1), AtPht1;9(1), AtPht3;2(2), AtPht4;5(1), AtPht4;6(1), AtPht5;2(2) miR156b(1), miR156e(1), miR399b(1), miR399e(2), miR778a(1), miR827a(1) SPX3(1), PHO2(1)
AAACAGA AtPht1;1(1), AtPht1;3(1), AtPht1;4(1), AtPht1;7(3), AtPht1;8(2), AtPht1;9(2), AtPht3;1(1), AtPht4;1(1), AtPht4;2(1), AtPht4;6(1), AtPht5;1(1) miR156c(2), miR156d(2), miR399b(1), miR399c(1), miR778a(2), miR827a(3) PHR1(1), PHF1(2), PHO2(5), LPR2(2), SCR(3), BAH1(4)
TATC-box TATCCCA AtPht4;1(2), AtPht4;5(1), AtPht5;3(1) miR156e(1), miR156h(1), miR778a(1) SPX3(1), BAH1(1)
JA CGTCA-motif CGTCA AtPht1;1(1), AtPht1;4(2), AtPht1;5(2), AtPht1;6(2), AtPht1;7(3), AtPht1;9(2), AtPht3;1(1), AtPht3;2(4), AtPht3;3(3), AtPht4;1(2), AtPht4;2(1), AtPht4;3(1), AtPht4;4(2), AtPht4;5(2), AtPht4;6(1), AtPht5;3(1) miR156b(3), miR156c(2), miR156d(1), miR156g(2), miR156h(4), miR399c(1), miR399d(1), miR399f(1), miR778a(3), miR827a(1), miR2111b(2) SPX1(2), SPX3(1), SPX4(2), PHR1(2), PHF1(1), PHO1(2), PHO2(3),SIZ1(1), PDR2(2), LPR1(2), SCR(2), PAP2(2)
TGACG-motif TGACG AtPht1;1(1), AtPht1;4(2), AtPht1;5(2), AtPht1;6(2), AtPht1;7(3), AtPht1;9(2), AtPht3;1(1), AtPht3;2(4), AtPht3;3(3), AtPht4;1(2), AtPht4;2(1), AtPht4;3(1), AtPht4;4(2), AtPht4;5(2), AtPht4;6(1), AtPht5;3(1) miR156b(3), miR156c(2), miR156d(1), miR156g(2), miR156h(4), miR399c(1), miR399d(1), miR399f(1), miR778a(3), miR827a(1), miR2111b(2) SPX1(2), SPX3(1), SPX4(2), PHR1(2), PHF1(1), PHO1(2), PHO2(3),SIZ1(1), PDR2(2), LPR1(2), SCR(2), PAP2(2)
SA SARE TTCGACCATCTT AtPht3;3(1), AtPht5;3(1) None None
TCA-element CCATCTTTTT AtPht1;4(1), AtPht2;1(1), AtPht3;1(1), AtPht4;6(2), AtPht5;1(1), AtPht5;3(2) miR156c(1), miR156e(1), miR156f(1), miR399b(2), miR399c(1), miR2111b(1) SPX1(1), SPX3(1), SPX4(1), PHO1(1), RNS1(3), IPS1(1), SIZ1(1), PDR2(1), SCR(3)
GAGAAGAATA AtPht1;1(1), AtPht1;2(1), AtPht1;3(1), AtPht1;4(1), AtPht1;6(1), AtPht1;7(2), AtPht1;8(1), AtPht1;9(1), AtPht2;1(1), AtPht4;1(2), AtPht4;4(2), AtPht5;1(1), AtPht5;2(1), AtPht5;3(1) miR156a(1), miR156d(1), miR156e(1), miR399c(1), miR827a(3), miR2111a(1), miR2111b(1) SPX3(1), SCR(1), PAP2(1)
CAGAAAAGGA AtPht2;1(1), AtPht3;1(1), AtPht3;3(1), AtPht4;3(1) miR156d(1) LPR1(1), SCR(1)
TCAGAAGAGG AtPht1;4(1), AtPht2;1(1) miR156e(1), miR2111b(1) None
In silico analysis was conducted using 1.5 kb upstream promoter regions from first exon start site of each gene by the PlantCARE database (http://bioinformatics.psb.ugent.be/webtools/plantcare/html/).
Analysis of various stresses signaling-related putative cis-acting regulatory elements in Pi starvation-responsive gene promoters
Motif Name Sequence
ABA ABRE ACGTGGC AtPht4;1(1), AtPht4;4(1) miR2111b(1) LPR1(1)
AGTACGTGGC None miR399e(1) None
CACGTG AtPht4;1(1), AtPht4;2(1), AtPht4;3(1), AtPht4;4(1), AtPht4;5(1) miR156b(2), miR156c(1), miR156e(1), miR156h(1), miR399e(1), miR2111a(1) SIZ1(1)
CGCACGTGTC None miR2111a(1) None
GCAACGTGTC AtPht5;1(1), AtPht5;3(1) miR156d(1) None
GCCACGTACA AtPht3;3(1) None None
GCCGCGTGGC AtPht4;1(1), AtPht4;2(1) None BAH1(1)
TACGTG AtPht1;1(1), AtPht1;2(1), AtPht1;3(1), AtPht3;2(1), AtPht3;3(1), AtPht4;1(1), AtPht4;2(1), AtPht4;4(1), AtPht4;6(1), AtPht5;1(1) miR156a(1), miR156d(1), miR156h(1), miR399c(1) SPX1(1), SPX3(1), PHR1(1), PHF1(1), PHO1(1), RNS1(3), IPS1(2), SIZ1(1), LPR10(1)
TACGGTC None miR778a(1), miR827a(1) SIZ1(1)
CE3 GACGCGTGTC None miR156h(1) None
Drought C-repeat/DRE TGGCCGAC AtPht1;9(1) None None
MBS CAACTG AtPht1;8(1), AtPht3;2(1), AtPht4;2(1), AtPht5;1(1), AtPht5;3(1) miR156e(1), miR399a(1), miR399c(1) SPX2(1), PHO2(3), At4/IPS2(1), SCR(1), PAP2(2)
CGGTCA AtPht1;4(1), AtPht4;5(1) miR156h(1), miR399b(1), miR778a(1), miR827a(2) SPX2(1), SPX3(1), PHO2(1)
TAACTG AtPht1;1(1), AtPht1;3(1), AtPht1;4(2), AtPht1;5(1), AtPht1;8(1), AtPht2;1(1), AtPht4;2(1), AtPht4;3(3) miR399c(1), miR399d(2), miR399f(2) SPX1(1), SPX2(4), PHO1(2), PHO2(2), LPR1(1), LPR2(1)
Cold LTR CCGAAA AtPht1;5(1), AtPht1;6(1), AtPht1;8(2), AtPht2;1(3), AtPht3;1(2), AtPht3;3(1), AtPht4;2(1), AtPht4;5(1), AtPht4;6(1), AtPht5;2(1) miR156c(1), miR156d(1), miR156e(1), miR156f(1), miR156g(2), miR399d(1), miR399f(1), miR827a(1) SPX1(2), SPX4(2), PHR1(1), PHO1(1), PHO2(1), SIZ1(2), PDR2(2), LPR2(1)
Defense and stress TC-rich repeats ATTCTCTAAC AtPht1;9(2), AtPht5;3(1) miR156c(1), miR156e(1), miR156f(1), miR827a(1), miR2111a(1) LPR2(1)
ATTTTCTTCA AtPht1;7(2), AtPht2;1(4), AtPht3;1(1), AtPht3;2(1), AtPht4;1(1), AtPht4;2(1), AtPht4;5(1), AtPht5;2(3), AtPht5;3(3) miR156b(1), miR156f(1), miR156h(1), miR399b(1), miR399c(1), miR399d(1), miR399e(2) SPX1(1), SPX2(2), SPX4(1), PHR1(2), At4/IPS2(1), SIZ1(1), PDR2(1), LPR2(1)
ATTTTCTCCA AtPht1;1(1), AtPht1;5(1), AtPht1;6(1), AtPht3;2(2), AtPht4;1(1), AtPht4;3(3), AtPht5;2(1) miR778a(1) PHR1(1), PHF1(1), LPR2(1)
GTTTTCTTAC AtPht1;2(1), AtPht1;3(1), AtPht1;4(1), AtPht1;6(1), AtPht1;7(1), AtPht4;3(1), AtPht5;2(1) miR156c(1), miR156e(1), miR156h(1), miR399c(1), miR778a(2), miR2111b(1) IPS1(1), At4/IPS2(2), SCR(2)
Fungal Box-W1 TTGACC AtPht1;1(2), AtPht1;3(1), AtPht1;6(1), AtPht1;9(1), AtPht3;1(3), AtPht3;3(1), AtPht4;3(1), AtPht4;4(2), AtPht4;6(1), AtPht5;3(1) miR156c(2), miR156h(1), miR399a(1), miR399e(1), miR827a(1) SPX1(1), SPX2(1), SPX3(1), SPX4(1), SCR(1), BAH1(1)
Heat HSE AGAAAATTCG AtPht1;7(2), AtPht3;2(1), AtPht5;1(1) miR156b(1), miR156g(2), miR399a(1) SPX2(3), SPX3(1), PDR2(1), LPR1(1), SCR(1)
AAAAAATTTC AtPht1;1(3), AtPht1;3(1), AtPht1;4(1), AtPht1;6(2), AtPht1;7(3), AtPht1;8(1), AtPht1;9(1), AtPht2;1(3), AtPht3;2(1), AtPht4;1(1), AtPht4;2(1), AtPht4;4(1) miR156a(3), miR156b(1), miR156f(1), miR156g(1), miR399b(2), miR399c(1), miR778a(2), miR2111a(2) SPX2(1), PHR1(1), PHF1(1), PHO1(2), RNS1(4), At4/IPS2(1), PDR2(2), LPR1(1), SCR(1)
CNNGAANNTTCNNG AtPht1;9(1) None None
Wound WUN-motif TCATTACGAA AtPht1;4(1), AtPht3;1(1), AtPht4;1(1), AtPht4;6(1) miR399c(2) SPX3(1), PHO1(1), BAH1(1), PAP2(1)
Other SectionsABSTRACTINTRODUCTIONTRANSCRIPTION FACTORS THAT CO-REGULATE PI STARVATION AND OTHER STRESS SIGNALING PATHWAYSIN SILICO ANALYSIS OF PUTATIVE CIS-ACTING REGULATORY ELEMENTS IN PI-RESPONSIVE GENE PROMOTERSCONCLUSIONTABLESREFERENCES REFERENCES
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Lei, M., Zhu, C., Liu, Y., Karthikeyan, A.S., Bressan, R.A., Raghothama, K.G., and Liu, D. (2011b). Ethylene signaling is involved in regulation of phosphate starvation-induced gene expression and production of acid phosphatases and anthocyanin in Arabidopsis. New Phytol. 189, 1084-1095.
Lejay, L., Wirth, J., Pervent, M., Cross, J.M., Tillard, P., and Gojon, A. (2008). Oxidative pentose phosphate pathway-dependent sugar sensing as a mechanism for regulation of root ion transporters by photosynthesis. Plant Physiol. 146, 2036-2053.
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Ma, Z., Baskin, T.I., Brown, K.M., and Lynch, J.P. (2003). Regulation of root elongation under phosphorus stress involves changes in ethylene responsiveness. Plant Physiol. 131, 1381-1390.
Meister, R.J., Williams, L.A., Monfared, M.M., Gallagher, T.L., Kraft, E.A., Nelson, C.G., and Gasser, C.S. (2004). Definition and interactions of a positive regulatory element of the Arabidopsis INNER NO OUTER promoter. Plant J. 37, 426-438.
Miura, K., Rus, A., Sharkhuu, A., Yokoi, S., Karthikeyan, A.S., Raghothama, K.G., Baek, D., Koo, Y.D., Jin, J.B., and Bressan, R.A. (2005). The Arabidopsis SUMO E3 ligase SIZ1 controls phosphate deficiency responses. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA. 102, 7760-7765.
Miura, K., Jin, J.B., Lee, J., Yoo, C.Y., Stirm, V., Miura, T., Ashworth, E.N., Bressan, R.A., Yun, D.J., and Hasegawa, P.M. (2007). SIZ1-mediated sumoylation of ICE1 controls CBF3/DREB1A expression and freezing tolerance in Arabidopsis. Plant Cell. 19, 1403-1414.
Miura, K., Lee, J., Jin, J.B., Yoo, C.Y., Miura, T., and Hasegawa, P.M. (2009). Sumoylation of ABI5 by the Arabidopsis SUMO E3 ligase SIZ1 negatively regulates abscisic acid signaling. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA. 106, 5418-5423.
Miura, K., Lee, J., Miura, T., and Hasegawa, P.M. (2010). SIZ1 controls cell growth and plant development in Arabidopsis through salicylic acid. Plant Cell Physiol. 51, 103-113.
Miura, K., Lee, J., Gong, Q., Ma, S., Jin, J.B., Yoo, C.Y., Miura, T., Sato, A., Bohnert, H.J., and Hasegawa, P.M. (2011a). SIZ1 regulation of phosphate starvation-induced root architecture remodeling involves the control of auxin accumulation. Plant Physiol. 155, 1000-1012.
Miura, K., Sato, A., Ohta, M., and Furukawa, J. (2011b). Increased tolerance to salt stress in the phosphate-accumulating Arabidopsis mutants siz1 and pho2. Planta. 234, 1191-1199.
Müller, R., Nilsson, L., Nielsen, L.K., and Nielsen, T.H. (2005). Interaction between phosphate starvation signaling and hexokinase-independent sugar sensing in Arabidopsis leaves. Physiol Plant. 124, 81-90.
Nakashima, K., and Yamaguchi-Shinozaki, K. (2006). Regulons involved in osmotic stress-responsive and cold stress-responsive gene expression in plants. Physiologia Plantarum. 126, 62-71.
Nakashima, K., Ito, Y., and Yamaguchi-Shinozaki, K. (2009). Transcriptional regulatory networks in response to abiotic stresses in Arabidopsis and grasses. Plant Physiol. 149, 88-95.
Nilsson, L., Müller, R., and Nielsen, T.H. (2007). Increased expression of the MYB-related transcription factor, PHR1, leads to enhanced phosphate uptake in Arabidopsis thaliana. Plant Cell Environ. 30, 1499-1512.
Pacak, A., Barciszewska-Pacak, M., Swida-Barteczka, A., Kruszka, K., Sega, P., Milanowska, K., Jakobsen, I., Jarmolowski, A., and Szweykowska-Kulinska, Z. (2016). Heat Stress Affects Pi-related Genes Expression and Inorganic Phosphate Deposition/Accumulation in Barley. Front Plant Sci . 7, 926.
Pant, B.D., Musialak-Lange, M., Nuc, P., May, P., Buhtz, A., Kehr, J., Walther, D., and Scheible, W.R. (2009). Identification of nutrient-responsive Arabidopsis and rapeseed microRNAs by comprehensive real-time polymerase chain reaction profiling and small RNA sequencing. Plant Physiol. 150, 1541-1555.
Phukan, U.J., Jeena, G.S., and Shukla, R.K. (2016). WRKY Transcription Factors: Molecular Regulation and Stress Responses in Plants. Front Plant Sci . 7, 760.
Poirier, Y., and Bucher, M. (2002). Phosphate transport and homeostasis in Arabidopsis. Arabidopsis Book. 1, e0024.
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Rausch, C., and Bucher, M. (2002). Molecular mechanisms of phosphate transport in plants. Planta. 216, 23-37.
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Robatzek, S., and Somssich, I.E. (2002). Targets of AtWRKY6 regulation during plant senescence and pathogen defense. Genes Dev. 16, 1139-1149.
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The Poignant Meaning Behind Demi Lovato's Tiny New Finger Tattoo
Demi Lovato has spent the past six months focusing on her road to recovery and has now decided to celebrate this milestone by undergoing a brand new inking.
The singer – who experienced an overdose in July – has been pretty low-key on her social-media profiles in recent months but shared an image of the cute cake her friends organised to mark how far she’s come in the past year.
The 26-year-old also posted a snap of a tiny inking of a rose on her finger, captioning the image: “Obsessed.”
The symbolism of the rose hasn’t been lost on fans, with the flower historically denoting promise, hope, and new beginnings. In tarot, the rose is traditionally the symbol of balance, which is also a term that might resonate with her experience.
This comes after Demi hit out at false stories surrounding her health: “I love my fans, and hate tabloids. Don’t believe what you read. People will literally make up stuff to sell a story. Sickening.
“If I feel like the world needs to know something, I will tell them MYSELF. Otherwise people stop writing about my recovery, because it’s no one’s business but mine. I am sober and grateful to be alive and taking care of ME ✌🏼
“Someday I’ll tell the world what exactly happened, why it happened and what my life is like today.. but until I’m ready to share that with people please stop prying and making up shit that you know nothing about. I still need space and time to heal..”
Congratulations to Demi on six months of sobriety and we’re sending all our best for her continued recovery.
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Kevin Mazur/WireImage
8 Nickelodeon Theories Wackier Than Dancing Lobsters
Ned Bigby’s survival guide didn’t prepare us for these
Stacey Grant Stacey_Grant91 11/11/2016
Last week, we "ruined" your Disney Channel childhood, so now it's time to destroy Nickelodeon for you, too. Several of these theories involve murder, mayhem, and confusion — which is just what you want in a theory, no?
Get ready to hug your brotha and drop your jaw, because here are eight bizarre Nickelodeon theories coming 'atcha.
[Note: Nickelodeon and MTV News are both owned by Viacom.]
Drake & Josh is actually a reality series.
This would explain why Drake and Josh opened each episode by addressing the audience. "If they're doing a monologue, that has to mean they realize that they're on a TV show," YouTube personality Jon Solo said in his video regarding the theory. Not to mention that Carly watched Drake & Josh on one episode, and the kids on Victorious referred to it as a TV show.
Drake & Josh’s Crazy Steve killed Drake Parker and Josh Nichols, kidnapped Megan, and made her move to Seattle and rename herself Carly Shay, creating iCarly.
This is perhaps the most well-known theory on the list, but one fan decided to take it several steps further. DeviantArt user FuzzyThePunkCat found a way to connect Drake & Josh, iCarly, Sam & Cat, and Wendell and Vinnie — all shows from Dan Schneider's universe.
Crazy Steve's younger sister Carly died very young. Years later, Crazy Steve met Megan Parker and realized she looked a lot like Carly. He murdered her brothers, Drake and Josh, and took her to Seattle so they could start over, changing his name to Spencer to hide from the cops. Crazy Steve's parents were hardly in the picture, so there wasn't much worry there. Carly's childhood friend Sam, who wasn't ever told Carly had died, mistook Megan for Carly. Eventually, Crazy Steve's dad found out what was going on and rescued Megan from his son.
Crazy Steve went insane after learning that "Carly" had been taken from him again and ended up murdering Freddie in distress. Terrified for her life, Sam escaped to California and eventually met Cat. Completely alone, Crazy Steve left Seattle and killed a boy named Wendell's parents in a car crash. Wendell lived but suffered brain damage and memory loss, so he believed Crazy Steve was actually his uncle. Needing help to "raise" a child, Crazy Steve kidnapped a woman and agreed to only release her from her prison if she played along as his sister and Wendell's aunt.
Penelope Taynt from The Amanda Show murdered Amanda Bynes and assumed her identity.
Assuming Penelope Taynt was a real person, and not just Amanda Bynes in ~disguise~, Reddit user chicklepip posited that Penelope's obsession for Amanda wasn't strictly out of love or fandom; instead, this person claimed, "Penelope wanted to meet Amanda because she wanted to become Amanda."
According to the theory, Penelope finally got her wish in 2010 — the year things for Amanda started to take a turn for the worse — killing the real Amanda and taking her place. All of Amanda's erratic, manic behavior, as well as her retiring from acting, was attributed to the fact that Amanda wasn't really Amanda.
Ned’s Declassified School Survival Guide was part of the Illuminati.
You knew there'd be an Illuminati theory on here, right? On the episode "Failing," Moze jokingly told Ned to use her "magic pyramid" to give him all of life's answers. Ned complied and started relying on the magic pyramid for every decision he made. YouTube user illuminatipyramid noticed the "connection," and pointed out how only the pyramid's side with the green eye was shown onscreen.
Kurt from Good Burger had connections to the mafia.
True, Good Burger is a movie, not a TV show, but it developed from an All That sketch, so we'll allow it. Reddit user UltimaGabe wanted to know how Kurt, the owner of Mondo Burger, funded his elaborate restaurant, insane opening-night festivities, and robotic burger makers — not to mention hiring employees who looked the other way about illegal activities and including two insane asylum doctors on the payroll. We knew Mondo Burger wasn't a chain, and its food cost the same as Good Burger, yet somehow the company still seemed to make enough money to fund all this hullabaloo. How?
According to UltimaGabe, Kurt was "the son of some rich magnate, possibly someone in the pharmaceutical business (hence the cheap, easy access to [the illegal chemical] Triampathol), who's been given everything he ever wanted." UltimaGabe linked Kurt's powerful father to having ties with the mafia, who constantly help him out with business issues, taking a cut of the profits along the way. Furthermore, the insane asylum, Demented Hills, was run by mafia enforcers, to keep the people who knew their evil secrets away from society.
When Kurt was arrested and tossed in the police car at the end of the film, he shouted, "Do you know who I am?" which didn't make a lot of sense for him to say — besides the fact that he's an arrogant asshole. But had he said, "Do you know who my father is?" UltimaGabe believed that would have solved the entire Mondo Burger money mystery.
Big Pete from The Adventures of Pete & Pete was schizophrenic.
According to Reddit user guimauves, because Big Pete "long[ed] for the days of the free spirited childhood he never had," his psyche broke and he developed schizophrenia. He began to hallucinate and imagined he had a brother named Little Pete. Guimauves explained how Little Pete was like Tyler Durden in Fight Club: He was simply a figment of Big Pete's imagination. The Reddit user elaborated further, claiming strongman Artie also wasn't real. "Perhaps the friendship between Little Pete and Artie is so strong because they are the main hallucinations," Guimauves theorized.
Clarissa Darling and Sam Anders from Clarissa Explains It All were the parents of Ned Bigby from Ned’s Declassified School Survival Guide.
Though this theory has been debunked, it was still an interesting idea. Reddit user maxtrix7 shared the idea after seeing it posted on Imgur. The original theory claimed that Clarissa talked about naming a future son Ned on the series finale, and on one Declassified episode, Ned explained how his second surname was Darling. The theory continued by claiming that Ned didn't like his absentee father, named Sam, on a Season 5 episode.
The whole thing was clearly false because the finale of Clarissa didn't include anything about a naming a child Ned, and there was no Season 5 of Declassified at all. Womp womp.
iCarly’s Freddie Benson is the son of Barry B. Bee from Bee Movie.
As we've previously discussed, Twitter user @lilgrlhj claimed that Freddie's mother was the woman in Bee Movie and eventually hooked up with Barry. Together, they made Freddie. Her overprotective, helicopter mom behavior was due to her being "reckless in the past and accidentally kill[ing] her husband Barry." Nathan Kress, who played Freddie Benson, eventually saw the theory and "confirmed" it. Honestly, we're glad he had a good sense of humor about it, since the theory claimed that Freddie resembled a bug.
Nickelodeon Nostalgia
Zoey 101 [TV Series]
The Amanda Show [TV Series]
iCarly [TV Series]
All That [TV Series]
Victorious [TV Series]
Ned's Declassified [TV Series]
Drake & Josh [TV Series]
The Adventures of Pete & Pete [TV Series]
Clarissa Explains It All [TV Series]
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How far to Ufa?
Text and photos Piers Gladstone
Ufa greeted me at 5 AM in the morning with darkness, a cold autumnal air and a thin but constant drizzle – a metaphor for my feelings as I stepped down onto the platform. Due to a logistical mix-up I was to spend 2 days here waiting for my travelling companions. Hotel Bashkortostan looked regal and well-lit, but was fully booked. So was the slightly less charming Hotel Agidel. By 6 AM my driver had exhausted all central hotel options and I found myself at Sanatorium Zelyoni, a long way from anywhere, past caring and just wanting a bed.
Morning revealed both pleasant grounds with autumnal trees and my fellow sanatorium-goers: old men with smouldering cigarettes in their mouths and medals pinned to their faded jackets, doddery old babushkas, pregnant women and an assortment of ill-looking patient-guests. I resolved to leave for the center as quickly as possible.
Ufa is the capital of the proudly autonomous Bashkortostan Republic, in the mineral rich Ural Mountains, the geographical border that separates Europe and Asia. Ufa is deceptively large, as my 20-minute mashrutka bus ride into town illustrated, as did the fact that, like many other Russian cities, a construction boom is currently under way. The historic center, though, is just small enough to wander round by foot and is easy to navigate due to its being laid out in a grid system.
The 19th century trading arches on Ulitsa Lenina are one of the central focuses of Ufa. Recently renovated, the arches have been given a roof and now resemble a mini-mall. Inside, small shops and boutiques nestle in the arches, and kiosks are dotted around the floor, the majority representing two national obsessions, cosmetics and mobile phones. A small traditional yurt sells traditional Bashkiri souvenirs, the mother and daughter behind the counter both wearing headscarves, a reminder that Bashkortostan is a Muslim republic.
In front of the arches is a fountain-adorned square where the young of the city hang out – Ufa is a university city, lending it a youthful and vibrant atmosphere. A beautiful and recently refurbished Russian Moderne (Art Nouveau) building looks down over them, while on the other side of the square men grill shashlik in the beer tents.
A couple of streets away, on Sovietskaya Ulitsa, stands another beautiful example of Russian Moderne architecture, now housing the National Museum of Bashkortostan. Downstairs is a fairly uninteresting collection of rooms with stuffed squirrels and ducks, plus bears and wolves. The upstairs, though, is fascinating. One room has a wonderful display of old black & white photographs of the city and various Ufa personages. Another is dedicated to the Revolution, complete with a large Socialist Realist oil-painting depicting oil bursting from a well, with people of all nations cheering and clapping, men embracing each other while others throw their caps in the air, and in the foreground stand women in veils alongside a camel - idyllically inclusive. My favorite room, however, was the one dedicated to war and the battles fought in this region. Most of the paintings used to illustrate this section were painted by Russian artists, and so the Muslim Bashkiris are depicted either as devilish or thief-like (unlike the good, clean Russian soldiers), or as noble savages, no doubt influenced by romanticized portrayals by writers of the time such as Lermentov.
Dinner at ShinokSolokha Restaurant on Kommumisticheskaya Ulitsa provided me with perhaps the best cooking I have had in Russia (albeit Ukrainian food!). The restaurant has a rustic theme, and the waiters and waitresses all wear traditional Ukrainian national costume. The menu is extensive, utterly delicious, and ridiculously cheap. The highlight of the evening was when I used the toilet. Attached to the wall above each urinal sits a soft and cushioned leather headrest, presumably for the welloiled diner to rest his drunken head in comfort while relieving himself.
Driving across town in a taxi the following morning I realised that Ufa, like many other regional Russian cities, feels vastly under-populated. The grand central boulevards and monumental buildings of the center, predominantly from the Soviet era, seem almost bereft of life. The beautiful (and huge) theater with its Islamic inscriptions is a perfect example - nobody in it or around it. However, there was life at some kind of military skirmish overlooking the road, and I asked my driver to let me out. A military brass band was rehearsing while a small troupe of ceremoniously uniformed soldiers was practicing goose-stepping up to the memorial to lay a wreath, all the while being directed in their movements by their commander. “Luzhkov is coming here with our President later today,” one man informed me, while a small army of women with wet rags wiped down the marble surfaces. “President Rakhimov has been our president for 20 years. He is a good and honourable man and gives his blood to this republic,” he added. Rakhimov is certainly giving money to the city. Municipal projects seem to be underway all over it, a brand-spanking new railway station is nearing completion, and in the shiny green and blue glass, ultra-modern design of the People’s Friendship Palace (with an Islamic twist) and the surrounding parkland area, a vision of Ufa’s future is appearing.
One hundred meters from the almost-complete and Dubai-like People’s Friendship Palace stands Ufa’s most iconic and truly impressive monument. A huge statute of the 18th century Bashkir hero, Salavat Yulaev, astride a rearing horse, faces out from a promontory over the Belaya River and the forested landscape that spreads to the horizon. The river is a golden path in the low-lying and fading sun. The majority of people are not by the monument however, but by the nearby and newly finished fountains that, with a great swoosh, are turned on for the first time.
While modernity and its architecture is rising in Ufa, much of its history remains, and is well looked after. There are whole streets of traditional wooden izbas, with their delicate latticed window frames and eaves, all in good repair. And at 45 Krupskoy Ulitsa, also known as the Lenin Museum, one old wooden clapboard house, set in a small garden, has held out on its own against the tide of newly built bank headquarters. The street is named after Lenin’s wife, Nadezhda Krupskaya, who lived here for several years while her husband was abroad. Lenin himself only stayed here for 3 weeks, while waiting for a boat to Pskov. The main room of the house is crammed with Lenin memorabilia: statues, busts, paintings et al, all of which the guardian of the house enthusiastically explains. However, it is really only in the cramped living quarters upstairs that one gets a sense of the man himself, at his desk, with his books and papers.
Ufa makes a calm, pleasant and interesting comparison to Moscow. People smile, cars let pedestrians cross the street, it is clean and there is a palpable sense of genuine progress. With a journey time of less than 2 hours, it is an ideal place to spend a weekend or to use as a base to explore the nature of the surrounding countryside.
Both Aeroflot and S7 fly direct to Ufa.
The four star Hotel Bashkortostan (34 72 790 000) is the best hotel in town and the rooms are very reasonably priced.
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Regenerative Design Institute at Commonweal Garden
Permaculture Courses
Ecology of Leadership
Art of Vitality
Regenerative Herbalism
Music as Medicine in our Planet-Time
Culinary Magic
Photo Exhibit
Music as Medicine at the Whidbey Institute
A Retreat Lydia Harutoonian and Penny Livingston-Stark
To nourish your creativity and courage for the Great Turning!
Music as Medicine
In Collaboration with the Whidbey Institute
A Retreat with Lydia Harutoonian and Penny Livingston-Stark
Oct 20 9:30-5:30 Whidbey Institute 6449 Old Pietila Rd., Clinton, WA 98236
Click HERE to Register~
A retreat to nourish your creativity and courage for the Great Turning, the transition to a life-sustaining society and the essential adventure of our time. This transition is as profound as the agricultural revolution, as drastic as the industrial revolution, but necessarily faster than any social change of its magnitude to date. Lydia Harutoonian will lead us through an intimate experience with the Work That Reconnects (WTR), a dynamic, interactive body of work developed by Joanna Macy, inspired by Joanna’s own scholarship in systems theory, deep ecology, and Buddhism as well as 50+ years of international activism. Practiced internationally, this work has helped many thousands of people to engage in the Great Turning, re-invigorating our energy for action and resiliency. Through group experiential work, meditation, music and connecting to the natural world, we bring a new way of being in the world, thus freeing us from the assumptions and attitudes that now threaten all life on Earth.
Hearts opened by grief and celebration want to sing their songs of longing, despair, belonging, reckoning, brilliant valiant warrior-ship, and gentle loving kindness. Together we will hold space that allows for the healing of our own wounds around giving ourselves permission to make music, learning both technically and emotionally how to free our voices into song. This workshop is open to music-makers of all levels. Singing in a council of friends is one of the most healthful, encouraging, invigorating, and nourishing things that we know. We will explore songs passed down through the ages to uplift and nourish, and songs taught and created by the council of the group in the moment; both as unique paths unfolding gratitude, healing, wisdom and connection.
Penny Livingston will lead us out onto the land...You will experience directly, the healing nature of deep connection with Mother Earth. You will experience the healing capacity of plants, healing waters, fire and music. This deep connection will help inspire, inform and guide into direct action to help heal and nurture ourselves, each other and the Earth.
We are coming together to open our hearts courageously to the love of creation and to learn how to be in relationship to the grief and uncertainty our species is collectively navigating. We are listening deeply to the natural world and learning to understand the conversation that is happening all around us in the wildness of the land and in our souls. We are learning how to express ourselves through song and music making, and to remember medicine as music for our planet-time. We are connecting to Earth and each other to be held by resiliency and understanding.
Through group experiential work, meditation, music and connecting to the natural world, we bring a new way of being in the world, thus freeing us from the assumptions and attitudes that now threaten all life on Earth.
The Registration $100 and includes lunch! if you register before Sept. 30, 2019. After Sept. Registration is $120.
Lydia Harutoonian M.A., will be our main guide into the Work That Reconnects. Central to this is the spiral of the WTR, mapping a journey through four successive stages: Coming from Gratitude, Honoring our Pain for the World, Seeing with New Eyes, and Going Forth. These four stages support one another, and help us experience first hand that we are larger, stronger, deeper, and more creative than we have been brought up to believe. She will provide people the opportunity to experience and share with others their innermost responses to the present condition of our world. The WTR provides methods by which people can experience their interdependence with, their responsibility to, and the inspiration they can draw from past and future generations, and other life-forms.
Penny Livingston M.A., will guide us into the wild of the living land through listening to the voice of the plants and the birds as they sing the song of the stars and the cosmic influences that are continually surrounding us as we sink into the beauty and love of the natural world. She will lead us in integrating the wild into our hearts. How can we deeply observe and listen the land, learn secrets the plants are holding, know what is happening in the landscape? How can we listen with our hearts and develop our intuitive nature? How can we find our voice and sing the song of relationship? How can we tap into the forces within us that reconnect us to that which is important.
Through connecting to nature we experience our true selves and remember our soul connection to creation. We feel the embrace and learn to trust our knowing that we belong and are being held as children by our beautiful and abundant mother Earth.
Here is what Joanna and others have to say!
Regenerative Design Institute
Bolinas, CA 94924
info@regenerativedesign.org
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I Will See You Again: A Conversation with Lisa Boivin
Published on January 14, 2020 in Author Spotlight
Lisa Boivin is a member of the Deninu Kue First Nation, an interdisciplinary artist, and a PhD student at the Rehabilitation Sciences Institute at the University of Toronto Faculty of Medicine.
While her artistic focus is primarily to use art as a pedagogical tool to bridge gaps between aspects of Indigenous cultures and worldviews and medical ethics, her upcoming title through HighWater Press, I Will See You Again, is an exploration of grief through art and storytelling.
To better understand the connections between her experiences, Dene culture, and art, we talked to Lisa about her creative process and about painting ideas that can’t be expressed through words.
1. You’ve stated that your use of plants and flowers is intended to represent connection with the land. Can you talk about this relationship and its particular importance to Dene people?
I do not speak for all Dene. I understand why a one size fits all answer about Dene land-based culture is desirable but I am not an expert. I only speak from my perspective as a single Dene person. I feel particularly connected to the land-based knowledge my father shared with me before he died, but many of those conversations are private. I think of things he said continually while I am creating images.
I also make sense of the world I live in by looking to the land around me. For example, if I see an animal or a plant, I think about the stories my father told me. I consider what is their purpose and what can I learn from them? How are they teaching me to be a better human being?
2. In your TEDxUofT talk, you note that “in Dene culture, there are stories which cannot be contained with words.” Can you explain more about how Dene storytelling is enhanced and expanded through art?
Many things I paint cannot be held in print. There are stories to be told in person, and there are also stories I keep to myself, or that I share only with family members. There are elements in my paintings that I place in there just for us. I know they are there, and when my family looks at them, they know what the meanings are.
3. The images in I Will See You Again feature bright, eye-catching colors. Why did you decide to explore feelings of grief and loss with such vivid palettes?
Initially I thought about how life begins and ends in the sacred dark. It is a peaceful dark that allows us to find ourselves. As we grow into our bodies, we discover the bright colourful world around us. I imagine the colours begin to fade as we leave our bodies, and we see new colors when we enter the spirit world. I also wanted my work to be recognized as Dene. I wanted the bright flowers resting on the black background to reflect the bright beading on rich black velvet.
4. In the book, your brother’s spirit is embodied by flowers and leaves. What significance do these artistic elements have for you?
Flowers represent many things in my illustrations: Medicine, sacred teachings, stories. In a way, I am interacting with the dead. I find that comforting. I am illustrating to understand how I feel about death. I use leaves to represent the cycle of life as they fall all over the pages of my book. Leaves must fall to make room for new leaves. Leaves must fall to remind us that we are alive.
5. You’ve talked about “using paint to create a safe space to heal.” How has creating artwork helped you to understand and share your personal experiences?
Many knowledges unfold in my images; intergenerational, spiritual and ancestral knowledges come to life as I am painting. I was one of those who was taken away. I was not raised with my culture. I learned many things about my culture when I reunited with my father and then he died.
I am finding my way back in my illustrations. I am literally painting a safe space to heal. I Will See You Again is available on February 25, 2020. Pre-order your copy today.
Tags: I Will See You Again, Lisa Boivin
Give the Gift of These Great Reads
Published on December 17, 2019 in Tips and Tid Bits
Looking for an inspiring gift for the readers in your life? This holiday, share amazing adventures and profound ideas that will stay with your loved one long after New Year’s Day. These best-selling titles make thoughtful presents for those who love to read, write, teach, and learn.
Ensouling Our Schools
by Jennifer Katz, with Kevin Lamoureux and foreword by Ry Moran
Despite our best intentions, the school environment can prove to be stressful and isolating for many learners—and educators. In her career as an inclusive educator, author Jennifer Katz recognized the need for better ways to nurture students’ well-being and foster a sense of meaning and purpose. In Ensouling Our Schools, she provides practical methods for improving students’ mental, spiritual, and emotional health in schools while building critical thinking and analysis skills. The book also contains Indigenous approaches to mental and spiritual health contributed by Kevin Lamoureux, Education Lead at the National Centre for Truth and Reconciliation.
Perfect for: Compassionate, innovative, and forward-thinking educators and school administrators
Indigenous Writes: A Guide to First Nations, Métis & Inuit Issues in Canada
by Chelsea Vowel
If you’re a non-Indigenous Canadian, it’s unlikely that you’ve ever received a thorough education in the history of Indigenous peoples in Canada. In Indigenous Writes, author Chelsea Vowel opens a frank dialogue about many of the most misunderstood and under-taught concepts concerning Indigenous peoples. Vowel writes candidly about topics like the Sixties Scoop, Bill C-31, and treaties while addressing myths and commonly-confused terminology. Indigenous Writes should be required reading for anyone who wishes to respectfully teach, write, or speak about the contemporary issues affecting First Nations, Métis, and Inuit peoples.
Perfect for: teachers, journalists, media professionals, politicians, parents, and anyone else who could benefit from a better understanding of what it means to be Indigenous in Canada
This Place: 150 Years Retold
by Kateri Akiwenzie-Damm, Sonny Assu, Brandon Mitchell, Rachel and Sean Qitsualik-Tinsley, David A. Robertson, Niigaanwewidam James Sinclair, Jen Storm, Richard Van Camp, Katherena Vermette, and Chelsea Vowel, illustrated by Tara Audibert, Kyle Charles, GMB Chomichuk, Natasha Donovan, Scott B. Henderson, Ryan Howe, Andrew Lodwick, and Jen Storm, with colour by Scott A. Ford and Donovan Yaciuk
You’ve never read a history book like this before. In this groundbreaking graphic novel anthology, Indigenous writers explore the past, present, and future of First Nations, Métis, and Inuit peoples in Canada. This Place combines unforgettable imagery with emotional storytelling as readers journey through Indigenous wonderworks, psychic battles, and time travel. The anthology illustrates how Indigenous peoples have survived a post-apocalyptic world since Contact.
Perfect for: comic-book lovers, young adult readers, high school and post-secondary teachers, and history buffs
Catch a Fire: Fuelling Inquiry and Passion Through Project-Based Learning
Edited by Matt Handerson
An energizing, highly-digestible read to inspire, challenge, and engage current and future educators. Project-based learning (PBL) is hardly a new concept, but Catch a Fire provides a fresh view into how schools and teams can make it their own. Each chapter is written by a different contributor, each offering valuable insights, actionable ideas, and achievable success stories. Readers will be left enlightened and motivated to find out how PBL can ignite a new passion for learning in their students.
Perfect for: passionate teachers and school administrators, aspiring educators
by David A. Robertson
In Ghosts, the third and final installment of The Reckoner Trilogy, things are looking grim for Wounded Sky First Nation. Cole Harper is dead, Reynold McCabe is at large, and the community is quarantined while Mihko Laboratories is launching full-force into biological war tactics. Meanwhile, people are missing, questions are going unanswered, and time is running out to save Wounded Sky. Who’s left to take up the fight?
Readers who couldn’t put down the Reckoner Trilogy books should know that this is only the end for now. Look for the debut volume of the graphic novel series, The Reckoner Rises: Breakdown in 2020.
Perfect for: young adults who love a great superhero origin story
The Grizzly Mother
by Hetxw’ms Gyetxw (Brett D. Huson), illustrated by Natasha Donovan
Too often, science and storytelling are treated like two sides of a coin. The Mothers of Xsan series perfectly illustrates how scientific concepts are, in fact, a living part of the stories around us. The Grizzly Mother is the second book in the series, in which readers follow a family of grizzly bears through the forests of the Skeena River Valley. Through lyrical language and bold, colorful illustrations, young readers will learn about the Xsan ecosystem and its significance to the Gitxsan people of Northwestern British Columbia.
Look for the third book, The Eagle Mother, coming in April of 2020.
Perfect for: science and elementary teachers, parents, kids from ages 9-12
Grand Conversations, Thoughtful Responses: A Unique Approach to Literature Circles (Second Edition)
The long-anticipated second edition of Grand Conversations, Thoughtful Responses builds on author Faye Brownlie’s acclaimed resource for teaching literacy. Brownlie’s unique approach to literary circles has made the first edition of Grand Conversations a must-have among educators. In the second edition, teachers can expect brand-new content that will challenge and engage students, build critical-thinking and response skills, and improve the confidence and competence of young readers.
Perfect for: elementary and high school teachers, aspiring educators, and reading tutors
Perception: A Photo Series
Artist KC Adams was inspired to create Perception after a racist comment by a local community leader’s wife went viral on Facebook. The images in the photo series critique harmful stereotypes about Indigenous peoples through the use of stark black and white portraits. Perception: A Photo Series contains the portraits, a foreword by Katherena Vermette, and a critical essay by Cathy Matthes in a sleek hardcover. This thought-provoking collection is excellent for guiding classroom conversations around stereotypes and prejudice.
Perfect for: middle and high school teachers, activists, and lovers of socially conscious art.
Ready to stuff some stockings with some great reads? Find these great books at your local bookseller or order online for the new year.
Tags: Gift guide, HighWater Press, Portage & Main Press
Using the “A Girl Called Echo” Series to Spark Discussion in Your Classroom
Published on December 11, 2019 in For Teachers
Is the past ever truly behind us? In the A Girl Called Echo series, a thirteen-year-old Métis girl named Echo Desjardins finds herself immersed in the historical events that have shaped her identity. The series, written by Katherena Vermette with illustrations by Scott B. Henderson and colours by Donovan Yaciuk, follows Echo as she slides back and forth through time. Throughout the series, Echo is never sure where she’ll end up, or what will happen—but she knows it won’t be easy.
For young readers, Echo’s journey through each installment of her adventures is exciting, heartbreaking, and relatable. Blending historical events with contemporary issues affecting Indigenous peoples, this graphic novel series is full of potential for sparking classroom discussions and critical thought. Here are a few ideas for using the series in your classroom.
An Unintentional Time Traveller
We meet Echo in volume one of the series, Pemmican Wars. Echo, we soon discover, is a teenager of few words. As she moves through her world, we slowly piece together the struggles that hold her back, exhaust her, and leave her feeling voiceless. To cope with her loneliness, Echo uses music to retreat into her imagination.
Everything changes in the blink of an eye one day during Mr. Bee’s history class. Without warning, Echo finds herself in a very different landscape—and a completely different time period. Moments after Echo is transported out of her Winnipeg school, she finds herself in the middle of a buffalo hunt on the prairies of Saskatchewan.
Questions for Discussion or Written Response:
Looking at the cover, what do you think this story is about? How do you think the main character, Echo, is feeling?
Have you ever felt like an outsider in a new place? How did it make you feel?
Why do you think Echo would rather listen to music than spend time with the people around her? Have you ever done something similar?
Are there any parallels between Echo’s present and her experiences in the past?
What do you know about the bison hunt? Why was it so significant to the Métis of the North-West Territories?
Why did the Battle of Seven Oaks occur? What reasons did each side have for getting involved?
Making Sense of Past and Present
As the series progresses into its second volume, Red River Resistance, Echo experiences contrasting hardships in both the past and present. Sliding between modern-day Winnipeg and a Métis community in the year 1869, Echo grapples with painful isolation in one time period and an endangered community in the other.
What is the significance of the surveyor chains on the cover of Red River Resistance? What do you think will happen in this story, based on the cover?
What differences do you notice between how Echo feels and acts when she’s with the Métis people of 1869, versus at home and school in present-day Winnipeg?
What connections are there between Echo’s life in the present day and the events of 1869?
What do you know about Louis Riel? What did he and his followers want?
What did the Canada First Party want in the late 1800s?
What did Louis Riel have to do with the formation of the province of Manitoba?
Finding Strength in Identity
The third volume in the series, Northwest Resistance, is set for release on February 25, 2020. In Northwest Resistance, tensions ramp up on both sides of history, leaving Echo to contend with the horrors of colonialism—on top of the challenges that await her at home and school.
As Echo finds herself embroiled in battles between the alliances of the Métis and Canadian forces, her perspectives begin to evolve. Now with first-hand knowledge of the obstacles her ancestors have been facing for nearly two centuries, Echo begins to find the strength to confront the demons in her own life.
On the cover of Pemmican Wars and Red River Resistance, Echo is looking to the side, but for Northwest Resistance, she has turned to face us. Why do you think that is?
What stood out to you when you saw what happened at Batoche?
How does Echo change over the course of the A Girl Called Echo series?
Why did the Métis of Red River move west after 1870?
What were the perspectives of different people in Red River in the 1880s? The Métis? The First Nations peoples? The Canadian military?
What do you think happened to the people of the North-West Territory after the Resistance?
Pre-order Northwest Resistance so you and your class can follow Echo on her adventures through time, and watch for the fourth volume in 2021. With its beautiful artwork and compelling storytelling, A Girl Called Echo will stay with your students long after the last page.
Tags: A Girl Called Echo, Graphic Novel, Katherena Vermette, Scott B. Henderson
Social Justice in Art, Part Two: KC Adams & GMB Chomichuk
Published on November 26, 2019 in Author Spotlight
In part two of our Social Justice in Art series, we spoke with artists KC Adams and GMB Chomichuk. We heard their insights on creative collaboration, art as a means to start conversations, and taking risks in the service of important messages. You can read part one here.
KC Adams
KC Adams (she/her/hers) is a Cree/Ojibway/British Winnipeg-based artist. A graduate of Concordia University with a B.F.A in studio arts, Adams has had several solo and group exhibitions, with work in many permanent collections throughout Canada and abroad. Adams was the set designer for the Royal Winnipeg Ballet’s Going Home Star: Truth and Reconciliation production, and she has designed public art sculptures for the Winnipeg Forks South Point Project and United Way of Winnipeg. Her collection of portraits, Perception: A Photo Series, was published in book form in 2019.
PMP: How did your photo series, Perception, evolve from idea to finished project?
KCA: I had been thinking about this art piece for 10 years prior to finishing it. I felt there was a need to create a work that showed the humanity of my community because we were mired in negative stereotypes. I knew it had to be a photo project, with community members as my inspiration, but that was the extent of the idea.
Fast forward to the summer of 2014. I read a Facebook post by Lori Steeves that was full of fear which translated into hateful words against my community. The moment I read the post, my photo project came to my mind and it was like a light bulb went on.
I needed to make art that could be shared on social media, because discrimination is a social problem. I couldn’t keep the work in a gallery space, where only a few hundred people would see it. I needed it to be seen by thousands, so we could start the conversation about racism.
PMP: The series made a big impression in Winnipeg and Lethbridge, where the images were installed in public places. Did you observe any reactions to your work that stand out in your mind?
KCA: I worked at Plug In ICA, and they had a billboard in the Osborne Village area where the Shoppers Drug Mart is now located. A couple times per year, a new billboard would go up, and it allowed the general public to have access to art. I loved that idea of accessibility; the opportunity to have viewers be impacted by art, no matter what their social standing.
In my mind, I had hoped that the Perception photos would also be placed all over Winnipeg, so people could see my work. I hoped it would get them to think about their own perspective on racism and stereotypes.
Urban Shaman Gallery heard my hopes, and they made it happen. Having my work on billboards, bus shelters, and posters was incredible. Everything that I had hoped about starting a conversation about racism towards my community is exactly what happened.
I have several examples of reactions to my work. The posters were hung up all around the University of Manitoba, and a friend who was teaching law invited me to meet some of her students. One of the students shared that, because of my work, he was able to have an honest discussion with his friends about hiring practices. His question to his friends was, if two equally qualified candidates were available for hire and one candidate was Indigenous, would they hire him/her? He said that it made several of them uncomfortable, some of them didn’t answer, but it got them thinking about their own prejudices.
I have another story of a friend that I bumped into at an art gallery opening. He felt that my work was perpetuating stereotypes, and that it hurt my community more than it helped. We had a healthy discussion. I told him that the work was about how each viewer has the ability to question their own personal responses to racism. His reaction, and the fact that the work got him to discuss racism, was a goal of creating this art project.
One of the most surprising reactions was how teachers have been using the work in their classrooms, and how it has inspired students to share their own stories of discrimination and isolation.
PMP: When we spoke to you in March, you quoted your friend Steve Loft who beautifully phrased how controlling one’s image as an Indigenous person is ultimately an act of liberation. Can you describe your emotional journey through the process of bringing art into the world that, to you, represents the reclamation of your culture and spirit?
KCA: I was nervous when I started this artwork because I was asking members of my community to put their image in my hands. They took a big risk. I posed, too, because I wanted them to know that we were all in this together—that I would take that journey with them.
What I didn’t anticipate was how empowered they felt by sharing their journey. They were proud to speak out against racism. Finally, our image was in our control instead of negative imagery and print typically found in information media.
Having my community in print in a positive light was always something that I had dreamed about. I am also an educator, and it has always been my goal to go into classrooms and inspire First Nations, Métis, and Inuit students to dream big. This work does this without me entering the classroom. Teachers across Canada are bringing this work into their classrooms, and the First Nations, Métis, and Inuit students have responded by creating art that speaks about their own journey.
Art is powerful and can elicit change. I encourage everyone to embrace art, and in doing so, reclaim their spirit.
To discover KC’s full portfolio, visit her website at www.kcadams.net.
GMB Chomichuk
GMB Chomichuk is an award-winning writer and illustrator whose work has appeared in film, television, books, comics, and graphic novels. His recent work includes illustrations for the graphic novel anthology This Place: 150 Years Retold, and Will I See?, a collaboration with writer David A. Robertson and singer/songwriter Iskwē. Other works include occult-suspense story Midnight City, science fiction epic Red Earth, and the all-ages adventure stories of Cassie and Tonk. He also hosts the Super Pulp Science podcast. His newest full-length graphic novel, Apocrypha: The Legend of Babymetal was featured by The Hollywood Reporter, The Nerdist, and Billboard Magazine.
PMP: You’ve contributed to a number of projects that address issues concerning Indigenous communities, including Will I See? and This Place. As a non-Indigenous person, how do you approach projects like this?
GMBC: Well, being invited is an important step. Whether you were born in the place you live or you come from somewhere else, I think we have a responsibility to participate in our local community. If you are going to participate in a community, you should try to use your skills in the most positive ways you can.
I make comics, and tell stories visually. The skills I have took a long time to develop, but to get here is only possible because I’ve had the safety and security to live in this community. Being a part of this community, I recognize that not everyone is born with the same access that I was. I have a responsibility to do more than entertain.
It’s an interesting position to be in because if I had been asked to write for this collection, I would’ve had to decline. These are not my stories to tell. But, I’m able to use visual storytelling to turn up the volume of another’s voice, and that feels like a thing I can do. I’m not here to speak for anybody, but to stand beside them—and hopefully, together, we can speak for ourselves.
PMP: You’ve illustrated for several graphic novels, including This Place. Is there something in particular about graphic novels that, to you, makes them a powerful medium for social justice?
GMBC: Comics are subversive in nature, in part because they are not considered literary by most people. They’re seen as “safe.” Your guard is down when you enter. Eventually, the words and pictures together do something special—they create memory and emotion in the space between them.
People who dismiss the power of comic storytelling should be wary. Consider the power and influence of advertising, which is a similar way of pairing words and pictures—message with emotion—and have a message stick. Ads want to sell you something, I want to sell you on your own ability to see and make meaning.
PMP: Can you describe the process you use to convey socially conscious messages through your art in a way that is both sensitive and impactful?
GMBC: It’s a group effort—from writer to editorial, the feedback of first readers and sensitivity readers. We do our best. You never know if you’ve done the right thing until after it’s out. All I can try to do is be as sincere in my commitment to supporting my collaborators as I can.
A surprising evidence of the impact of these books for me has been the amount of racism that has been on display to me. Bigots assume I will be their ally. I’ve also been shouted down by the same narrow-viewed people at comic shows for my willingness to be a part of projects like these. It shows me how far we have to go, how many more pages we have to make.
A culture and community is made up of its stories. The more we tell untold stories, the more chances we have to get a real picture of this place we live in.
In the end, I don’t answer to the public, or even the reading community. I have to answer to my kids and be an example to them.
To see more of GMB’s work and upcoming projects, follow him on Twitter and Instagram at @gmbchomichuk, and check out his podcast, https://open.spotify.com/show/0mgEFzuY9FFq0BdwNmbP7K.
Tags: GMB Chomichuk, Graphic Novel, HighWater Press, Indigenous Literature, KC Adams, This Place: 150 Years Retold
Social Justice in Art, Part One: Natasha Donovan & Scott B. Henderson
Art has always been a catalyst for social change. Before a piece of artwork can make an impact on the world, artists must embark on a process of complex decisions, creative thinking, and skillful execution. In part one of this two-part series, we interviewed artists Natasha Donovan and Scott Henderson. Both have contributed artwork to convey powerful messages in works like This Place: 150 Years Retold, the Surviving the City series and the A Girl Called Echo series. We talked to them about how they choose projects, their creative process, and how graphic novel art can impact a social movement.
Natasha Donovan
Natasha Donovan (she/her/hers) is a Vancouver-born freelance artist and illustrator as well as a member of the Métis Nation of British Columbia. She is the illustrator of the award-winning graphic novel series Surviving the City, and has had work published in the graphic novel anthologies, This Place: 150 Years Retold and The Other Side. She is the illustrator of the Mothers of Xsan children’s book series, including the award-winning first book, The Sockeye Mother, which was shortlisted for the Norma Fleck Award for Canadian Children’s Non-Fiction.
PMP: Natasha, your artwork has appeared in socially-conscious works like This Place: 150 Years Retold, and series such as Surviving the City, and Mothers of Xsan. How do you decide which projects to get involved with?
ND: Luckily for me, I’ve stumbled into working with some exceptional editors who do an excellent job of reaching out to Indigenous creators and ensuring that many different voices are heard. My family and my professional background also play a role in driving my decisions—having victims of violence in my family and working for the International Journal of Indigenous Health were strong motivators to illustrate Surviving the City (volume 1 in the Surviving the City series), for example.
PMP: Why was it important to you to illustrate the Mothers of Xsan series?
ND: I am very much in love with the Pacific Northwest; nothing says “home” to me like dark grey skies and hanging moss and towering cedars. It’s a rich, interconnected ecosystem, but it’s also fragile—and endangered. I am so grateful to be a part of the Mothers of Xsan series because it gives me the opportunity to share my wonder at living here, and hopefully to contribute in some small way toward a sustainable relationship between humans and rainforest.
PMP: In your view, how do books like the Mothers of Xsan series impact young learners?
ND: My favourite childhood books were the ones that taught me about the magic and joy that can be found in the everyday world. It’s my hope that the Mothers of Xsan sheds light on a secret world where salmon make epic journeys and grizzlies help the trees grow. This is a world that’s worth engaging with, loving, and protecting.
To see what Natasha is working on now, follow her on Twitter at @natashamdonovan.
Scott B. Henderson
Scott B. Henderson (he/him/his) is an author and illustrator of many graphic novels, including The Chronicles of Era series, Fire Starters, the A Girl Called Echo series, select titles in the Tales From Big Spirit series, and select stories in This Place: 150 Years Retold. He also illustrated the Eisner-award nominee, A Blanket of Butterflies. In 2016, he was the recipient of the C4 Central Canada Comic Con Storyteller Award.
PMP: Scott, you’ve illustrated graphic novels like Betty: The Helen Betty Osborne Story, A Blanket of Butterflies, and the A Girl Called Echo series. A lot of your work, including these titles, plays with time (either the past or future) to communicate socially conscious themes to readers. Can you offer some insight into the creative process when working on pieces like these?
SBH: With A Girl Called Echo, I worked with Katherena and Donovan Yaciuk (the colourist) to establish some rules or a theme. The modern-day scenes were to be more muted colours, while the scenes when Echo is in the past are more vibrant and have a more painterly style. It was to help elaborate on the disconnect that Echo had with the present day. Other times, I sometimes play with different border styles to distinguish between different time periods. With Echo, the modern-day scenes have more straight lines and rigid borders, while the past is a little more casual with (subtly) irregular borders.
PMP: How did you find out that A Blanket of Butterflies had been nominated for an Eisner Award?
SBH: I think I found out about the Eisner Award through the marketing team at HighWater Press. It was a pleasant surprise!
PMP: What do see as the role of graphic novels in affecting social change?
SBH: Humans have always been very visual creatures, and so graphic novels tie into this deep, long history. I think books and novels are deeply important as well, but for those just starting to learn a new topic, or that don’t have a lot of experience digesting these larger tomes, graphic novels are great for someone to jump right into a topic.
We can perceive so much information visually at a glance. From that foundation, the reader can build on their knowledge and develop a more nuanced perspective. Also, visually, you can speak to so many people that maybe don’t speak the same language. The language of art can be more universal.
To see more of Scott’s amazing work, visit his website at scotthendersonart.wordpress.com.
Tags: A Blanket of Butterflies, Betty: The Helen Betty Osborne Story, Graphic Novels, Mothers of Xsan, Natasha Donovan, Scott B. Henderson, Surviving the City
A Conversation with Faye Brownlie
Published on October 29, 2019 in New Titles
Over the last several decades, Faye Brownlie has been an educator, a reading clinician, an author, and a keynote speaker. In January 2005, her expertise in literacy education and inclusive learning led her to write her acclaimed book, Grand Conversations, Thoughtful Responses: A Unique Approach to Literature Circles. With its focus on engaging learners and fostering a love of reading, Brownlie’s work has changed the lives of thousands of students. The principles in the book have taken her around the world; she’s travelled through Canada, the United States, Europe, and Asia leading workshops and speaking at seminars and conferences.
Today, nearly 15 years later, the second edition of Grand Conversations, Thoughtful Responses is here! We caught up with Faye Brownlie to chat about her continued passion for literacy education and diversity, and what to expect from the new edition.
PMP: What experiences in your life lead to your passion for literacy education?
FB: I grew up as a reader and began teaching junior high in a small, rural school. I imagined myself as spending time sharing books with kids and was very surprised to learn that not all my kids thought this was such a fabulous idea. I became compelled to ‘turn them on to reading,’ and I truly believe that we can and must create readers who read and choose to read, and writers who write and choose to write to communicate. Literacy changes lives—opening doors, lifting out of poverty, changing life expectancy. The impact of the stats is staggering.
There are so many choices in what to read today. We have the resources to reach each learner. It is our challenge to find their interests and passions and match these learners with text they want to read and text they want to talk about or do something about.
PMP: Since Grand Conversations, Thoughtful Responses was first published nearly 15 years ago, do you feel educators are facing different challenges or many of the same roadblocks as they work to engage their students?
FB: Perhaps our classes are more diverse in some parts of Canada. But in many parts of Canada, that diversity was there 15 years ago. We have been working on inclusion of all learners for a long time, and our immigration policies have welcomed new Canadians for many years.
Diversity is often presented as a challenge, but I also think of it as an opportunity. The diversity of our learners—their backgrounds, their languages, their life experiences, their wide range of skills—all enrich our classroom community and are a reflection of our society.
I don’t think of roadblocks in terms of engagement. That is not a term I would use. Learners want to be engaged; not being engaged is boring! Doing the same thing, at the same pace, with the same expectations is not a recipe for success. We can’t return to that pattern. Having choice and agency, the expectation to succeed, and the supports to help you succeed invites all learners to the table.
PMP: For educators who aren’t familiar with the first edition of Grand Conversations, Thoughtful Responses, what are some highlights from the second edition that you think will lead to exciting breakthroughs for new readers?
FB: I think the structure of no roles, no limits on amount of reading, choice from a selection of texts, student-run conversations about the texts they are reading, and writing in reflection and response to their reading sets learners up for success and provides teachers with an easy-to-use format for teaching. It enables us to have more time for 1:1 conferences, to listen deeply to kids in conversation, to notice what mini-lessons will move the learning forward, and to deeply connect with our readers.
Teachers will notice the addition of an early primary scenario, teachers’ work with co-created criteria for response journals and comprehension activities, an intermediate/middle years information text example, and a secondary example that extends into a social media format.
Most exciting, if you haven’t tried this version of literature circles before, you will be amazed about the amount that your learners read, their engagement with text and with each other, and their excitement about reading.
The second edition of Grand Conversations, Thoughtful Responses: A Unique Approach to Literature Circles launches today. Be one of the first to dig into this transformative resource by ordering your copy now!
Tags: engaged educators, engaged teachers, FAye Brownlie, Grand Conversations, Literature Circles, Teaching, Thoughtful Responses
Three Teacher’s Guides for Leading Conversations on Indigenous Issues
Published on October 16, 2019 in For Teachers
Did you know we have teacher’s guides for many of our titles? These guides are a great help when it comes to tackling tough themes. If you’re a little nervous about discussing Indigenous issues in your classroom, these resources are worth checking out!
Each teacher’s guide below makes an excellent companion to its respective book. You can use these guides to ensure heavier topics are hitting the right mark with your students. Best of all, each of these guides is free.
A Teacher’s Guide to Student Inquiry: For the Graphic Novel Betty: The Helen Betty Osborne Story
Betty: The Helen Betty Osborne Story is a graphic novel by David A. Robertson and illustrated by Scott B. Henderson that tells the true story of Helen Betty Osborne. Known to friends as “Betty,” Osborne was a young woman from Norway House Cree Nation who dreamed of becoming a teacher. One night, while Betty was walking home, four men abducted and murdered her.
Betty’s story is important, but it deals with mature themes that can be tricky to navigate in the classroom. A Teacher’s Guide to Student Inquiry, written by Connie Wyatt Anderson, is a handbook for using Betty as a learning tool. Wyatt Anderson offers thoughtful tips for teaching the sensitive content in the book, including helpful discussion questions for constructive dialogue. Leaf through to the appendix to find suggested readings for further research-based student inquiry.
When We Were Alone: Parent/Teacher Guide
Written by David A. Robertson, When We Were Alone is a children’s book illustrated by Julie Flett. This beautiful picture book won a Governor General’s Literary Award in 2017. The book explains the residential school experience in language young children can understand. In the story, a curious young girl hears from her kókom (grandmother) about the pieces of her identity that residential schools tried to take away.
The parent/teacher guide can help you lead small children through the book in a way that promotes critical thought. Inside, you can find age-appropriate talking points on Indigenous perspectives and residential schools.
Since students often learn best by doing, the guide contains in-class activities to help young readers understand the concepts in When We Were Alone. There’s even a Cree word list to help you teach your students the Cree words used in the book!
Teacher Guide for K.C. Adams’s Perception: A Photo Series
K.C. Adams’s acclaimed photo series, Perception, came out in book form earlier this year. The project first gained attention when Adams’s photographs appeared on bus shelters and billboards, and projected on buildings in Downtown Winnipeg. Each of Adams’s photos is a portrait of an Indigenous person that trades harmful stereotypes for statements of truth. The emotional expressions of her subjects, the stark black-and-white images, and the striking text invited onlookers to “look, then look again” at stereotypes about Indigenous people. Perception: A Photo Series collects a selection of Adams’s photographs into one book.
The Teacher Guide for K.C. Adams’s Perception: A Photo Series was written by Reuben Boulette for high school teachers. You can use the guide to empower teens to question harmful stereotypes about Indigenous people. This guide has ideas for teaching the painful topics the artist’s work addresses. As a bonus, each module has suggestions for assessing your students’ takeaways from Perception.
While these three books and their accompanying guides make great tools, this is only a short list. You can find many more titles for teaching Indigenous history and perspectives in our catalogue. Browse our full collection of free teacher’s guides on our For Teachers page—and don’t forget to bookmark it! As we release new titles, new teacher’s guides will be sure to follow.
Tags: books for classrooms, Canadian Educators, Canadian Teachers, David Alexander Robertson, decolonize classrooms, HighWater Press, Indigenous authors, Indigenous Literature, KC Adams, own voices, Perception, Seven Teachings, Teaching, Teaching Art, The Helen Betty Osborne, When We Were Alone
Grand Conversations, Thoughtful Responses: Faye Brownlie on What’s New in the 2nd Edition
Published on October 9, 2019 in Author Spotlight
All kids should have the opportunity to fall in love with reading. Faye Brownlie’s acclaimed guide, Grand Conversations, Thoughtful Responses, has offered teachers a powerful set of tools for engaging young readers since its release in 2005. Now, the second edition is almost here, and it’s filled with new strategies and updated tools for today’s classrooms. We caught up with Faye to get her take on the new edition and give teachers a sneak peek at what’s inside.
Faye Brownlie on the New Edition of Grand Conversations, Thoughtful Responses
“The response over the past 15 years to the first edition of Grand Conversations, Thoughtful Responses has been overwhelming. I have been humbled and honoured by the feedback and success stories that teachers have shared, and am so pleased to present some of what we have learned together in this new edition.”
The Basics: Literature Circles
“I’ve made significant updates, but have remained true to what is unique to this approach to literature circles.
The groups are fluid.
Students have choice in what they read.
No roles. The Say Something strategy initiates and sustains the conversation.
No limits are placed on the amount read.
No leveled texts.
Responses to text are open-ended and reflective.
Formative assessment strategies are infused with the goal of creating readers who read.
This empowers kids to exceed expectations, foster curiosity, and develop better critical thinking and discussion skills.”
“Teachers can also expect much brand-new content. Here’s a sampling of what’s inside:
Michelle Hikida and Lisa Schwartz show us how to create communities of readers with literature circles in grades 1-3.
Lindsay Holliday shares her grade 6/7 readers ‘I can’ statements, created to support powerful response writing, and then extends this as they are guided by their co-constructed ‘good, better, wow’ examples.
At Highland Park, the 4/5 team and I strengthen response writing with a modeling sequence that begins with an exploded sentence and students critiquing our writing.
Neetu Dhaliwal capitalizes on the power of social media and uses Snapcha
t to create thoughtful, engaged discussion around student-selected quotes with grades 8-12.
The Kamloops Literacy Team presents a step-by-step, non-fiction version of literature circles called “inquiry circles.”
There are so many more exciting ideas—for self-assessment, personal reflection, and more integrated summative assessment! Read on, find a colleague (because it’s just richer and more fun to be collaborative), and find an idea that sparks your curiosity and is waiting to be personalized, by you, for your students.”
The second edition of Grand Conversations, Thoughtful Responses will be released on October 24th. Pre-order your copy today.
Tags: engaged students, engaged teachers, FAye Brownlie, Grand Conversations, inclusive learning, Portage & Main Press, Thoughtful Responses
Orange Shirt Day: Guiding Conversations about Residential Schools in the Classroom
Published on September 26, 2019 in Tips and Tid Bits
September 30th is Orange Shirt Day—a nationally-recognized event to acknowledge the harm inflicted by residential schools. For educators, this day represents a special opportunity to engage young people in important discussions about residential schools and other structures of systemic racism.
There’s no way around it; these conversations are hard. They’re painful, delicate—and necessary. So, where are we to begin?
We spoke to three prominent Indigenous authors to get their take on the meaning behind Orange Shirt Day, and how educators can participate in creating a more equitable future for residential school survivors and their families.
David A. Robertson on the Origin and Importance of Orange Shirt Day
David A. Robertson is a member of Norway House Cree Nation and the author of several award-winning books for children and young adults, including the Governor General’s Literary Award for When We Were Alone. His work focuses on creating captivating works that reflect the cultures, histories, and contemporary issues affecting Indigenous peoples in Canada.
PMP/HWP: Where does Orange Shirt Day come from?
DAR: Orange Shirt Day originates from an experience of one residential school survivor that is common to many, that is the attempted elimination of cultural identity.
A student, Phyllis Webstad, on her first day at residential school had her new orange shirt taken from her by school administration. We know today that Phyllis’s story is representative of the experiences many Indigenous children had while attending residential school, and we recognize it to both remember what happened, and honour survivors, but also to ensure we do not repeat history.
I think, as well, we should use it as a day to keep our eyes and hearts open, because it is a history that is still happening, through systems like child welfare. Ultimately, Orange Shirt Day is a day of reflection and awareness.
PMP/HWP: You’ve written several books that address the impact of residential schools on Indigenous peoples. Your children’s book, When We Were Alone, also frames loss of identity through the school’s control over Nokóm’s clothing. Why do you think clothing is such an effective touchpoint for talking to young kids about residential schools?
DAR: You have to find ways for children to relate to Indigenous children who attended residential schools. If children can relate, they can empathize. And empathy is powerful.
Any child can understand the expression of identity through the way that somebody dresses, or how they wear their hair. Any child, as well, can understand the impact of what it means to not be able to express identity. If I tell a child, in a safe environment, to imagine that the shirt they are wearing, perhaps a team shirt, is not welcome in the room, because in the room, only the shirt for one certain team is allowed, that child can understand the concept of assimilation.
If I tell a child the same thing about their hair, they can likewise understand the concept of assimilation. It allows me to have a conversation with students about their individuality, the importance of their uniqueness, and how it might have affected children to not be able to express who they are. To have to be the same as everybody else.
Kids can understand sophisticated concepts if we are able to meet them at their level, in an age-appropriate way.
PMP/HWP: Why do you think Orange Shirt Day is important?
DAR: I think it’s important because it is an entry point to have an important conversation. More than that, it brings people together to have that conversation. That coming together is an important step in the path to reconciliation. We cannot heal a broken relationship in a vacuum. We need to do it together, and we need to do it through listening, and sharing.
What I don’t want to happen is for this conversation to happen on just one day, so a vital piece of this is to build on this day, by making each day one where we discuss reconciliation, in one form or another. Because that conversation will shape where we go tomorrow.
Dr. Pamela Rose Toulouse on Leading and Enriching Classroom Conversations on Orange Shirt Day
Dr. Pamela Rose Toulouse is an Anishinabekwe (Ojibwe/Odawa woman) from Sagamok First Nation and a full professor in the Faculty of Education at Laurentian University in Sudbury, Ontario. Over the past 25 years, she has taught at all levels from elementary to post-secondary and published over 50 educator resources. Dr. Toulouse is a 3M National Teaching Excellence Fellow.
PMP/HWP: Do you have any suggestions for classroom activities teachers can try with their classrooms on Orange Shirt Day that support the message behind the event?
PRT: There are so many classroom activities that can happen on that day, such as KAIROS blanket exercises, Project of Heart events, and learning from local Indigenous Knowledge Keepers and getting out on the land.
The key is to reach out to the Indigenous community and form a relationship that goes beyond the one day. Orange Shirt Day is an opportunity to fulfill our truthful relationships and responsibilities as caring two-leggeds.
One of the primary activities is to engage in truth and reconciliation by finding out “who you are.” Being Canadian will be so much more meaningful when you can connect to your own ancestral stories of challenge and hope. This exploration of the past from a personal stance will give students and educators a greater appreciation for “why” Indigenous peoples are so connected to traditions, ceremonies, and the land.
PMP/HWP: You suggest inviting an Elder or Knowledge Keeper from a local Indigenous community to visit the classroom as an extension of learning. If an educator wished to do this but isn’t acquainted with an Indigenous Elder, what can educators do to respectfully make contact with a community?
PRT: Nearly every school board in Canada has an Indigenous Lead who has been entrusted with many roles in K to 12. These Indigenous Leads are the connection between educators and Elders, Metis Senators, and other Knowledge Keepers.
There is so much diversity across the country in terms of the protocols in how to approach Indigenous resource peoples— the Indigenous Lead can assist educators with this. In the absence of an Indigenous Lead, contacting a local Friendship Centre or a local First Nation or a Métis organization is the best approach.
The gifts and the experiences shared by Indigenous Elders and Metis Senators with classrooms will leave a head to heart impact on the students—and this is something that cannot be replicated anywhere else.
PMP/HWP: How can educators continue to help young people understand the scope of residential schools beyond September 30th?
PRT: Orange Shirt Day is acknowledged once per year, but residential school survivors and their families live with the effects daily. This is why it is so critical to continue to implement the Calls to Action from the TRC and do so in relationships with Indigenous communities.
For me, Call to Action #63, “Building student capacity for intercultural understanding, empathy, and mutual respect” is foundational here. It’s one thing to offer classroom lessons on the history and effects of residential schools and quite another to truly feel the depth of these impacts.
The most respectful outcome is for school communities to take that additional step and do something about it. There needs to be action beyond acknowledgments.
Christine M’Lot on Making Progress Through Discussion on Orange Shirt Day and Beyond
Chistine M’Lot is an Anishinaabe educator and curriculum developer from Winnipeg, Manitoba. Christine is the co-founder of Red Rising Education, and works to create Indigenous education resources for teachers. She has an extensive background working with young people in multiple capacities, including child welfare, children’s disability services, and Indigenous family planning. Christine currently teaches high school at the University of Winnipeg Collegiate.
PMP/HWP: In many Canadian schools, there are kids in the classroom who have been directly impacted by the intergenerational harms of residential schools. They might be sitting right next to kids who have no knowledge at all about this painful time in history. How can educators gently guide conversations about residential schools in a way that is constructive for everyone, and not harmful?
CM: This is a very real scenario that most educators face while teaching about Indigenous topics. One thing that I’d like to remind teachers is that it’s important not to make any assumptions about the level of knowledge that Indigenous students may have about their histories or culture. I’ve definitely made the assumption that because a student is Indigenous, they must already know about residential schools or the direct impact that they had on their families and communities, but this has not always been the case.
In my classroom, I try to ensure that our conversations around Indigenous topics are not always focused on the negative aspects of history. While learning about residential schools is hardly positive, I always make time to recognize the resilience and beauty in our communities. I think it’s important to show students examples of Indigenous resistance and political action that our communities partake in. It’s important to be mindful of not inadvertently showing Indigenous people as victims all the time but rather as people who continue to fight for equal rights in Canada.
PMP/HWP: What are some discussion questions early years educators and middle/high school educators might ask their classrooms on Orange Shirt Day to keep the focus on healing?
CM: Some questions I like to ask my students include:
How can we honour residential school survivors as a school and community?
How can we ensure that the legacy of residential schools is never forgotten?
What are some Indigenous theories and practices around wellness and wellbeing that we can utilize in our own lives?
How can we ensure that First Nations children get the same level of education and healthcare as the rest of Canadians?
PMP/HWP: Which resources would you recommend to educators to help them facilitate meaningful conversations about residential schools in their classrooms?
CM: I would recommend the National Centre for Truth and Reconciliation Canada website as a great resource for teachers to learn about residential schools and gather teaching resources appropriate to their students’ grade level. You can visit their website here.
I also recommend Red Rising Education for our authentic Indigenous educational resources. We created a special-edition magazine and accompanying unit plans to teach educators how to include Indigenous topics into their curricula. Our unit plans are centred around the themes of identity, community, land and water, and resistance. You can reach us by email.
For more information about Orange Shirt Day, including Phyllis’s story, upcoming events, and resources, visit the official website at orangeshirtday.org.
Tags: #OrangeShirtDay, Christine M’Lot, David Alexander Robertson, Dr. Pamela Rose Toulouse, Indigenous Literature, More-Than-Just Surviving, Orange Shirt Day, Phyllis Webstad, Red Rising Education, When We Were Alone
Books for Teaching Sustainability, Ecology, and the Environment in BC Classrooms
Published on September 20, 2019 in New Titles
Sustainability is more than a trend; it’s the initiative our world depends on. As our world reels from climate change, our mission must be to place environmentalism at the heart of our culture. Educators like you have the unique opportunity to engender young people with the desire to live sustainably.
With that goal in mind, we have a lot to learn about sustainability from Indigenous peoples in Canada.
The Grizzly Mother, part of the Mothers of Xsan series, and the Hands-On Science for British Columbia classroom resources make these lessons accessible.
How The Grizzly Mother Teaches Kids About Sustainability
The Grizzly Mother, written by Gitxsan author Hetxw’ms Gyetxw (Brett D. Huson) and illustrated by Métis artist Natasha Donovan, is the second book in the Mothers of Xsan series. The book was released September 1, 2019.
The book follows a family of grizzly bears along the Xsan, or the “River of Mists.” The life-giving River of Mists is the heart of the Gitxsan Nation, an unceded territory in the Northwest Interior of British Columbia.
Through Huson’s poetic language and Donovan’s captivating full-colour artwork, readers learn about the ecosystem that binds the rivers, forests, and people together—and how the bears’ survival hangs in the balance.
The story builds beautifully on the first book in the series, The Sockeye Mother, which introduces readers to the life cycle of the sockeye salmon, the grizzlies’ primary food source.
The third book in the trilogy, The Eagle Mother, is coming soon. You can start your collection by ordering your copy of The Sockeye Mother today.
Teaching Sustainability with Hands-On Science for British Columbia
The books in the Mothers of Xsan series are a great introduction to the bridge between sustainability and Indigenous knowledge, but these quick reads only scratch the surface. For more comprehensive lessons on sustainability, the Hands-On Science for British Columbia series goes even deeper.
The series is split into eight modules for each multi-age grade level, each aligned with the new BC science curriculum and grounded in the Know-Do-Understand model. The content of all eight modules integrate First Peoples’ knowledge and perspectives, along with in-class activities and assessment tools.
The four modules for K-2 are Land, Water, and Sky for Grades K-2, Living Things for Grades K-2, Properties of Energy for Grades K-2, and Properties of Matter for Grades K-2. Each module contributes to an overall understanding of sustainability by exploring the core Big Ideas within each book.
Land, Water, and Sky for Grades K-2 focuses on the observable patterns and cycles in the sky and landscape. Students learn how daily and seasonal changes affect all living things, and how water is essential to all of them.
Living Things for Grades K-2 teaches kids to identify plants and animals while thinking about how their characteristics help them survive in their environment. Students learn about ecology with themes like adaptation and the life cycles of living things.
Properties of Energy for Grades K-2 gets kids thinking more about the role that energy plays in our lives as well as in the natural world. Students learn how forces influence motion, how an object’s motion depends on its properties, and how light and sound can be both produced and changed.
Finally, Properties of Matter for Grades K-2 explains what matter is and how it’s central to everything we do. Students learn how and why matter is useful. Hands-on activities illustrate how physical and chemical processes can change different types of matter.
With comprehensive content that helps students understand their world, you’re better equipped to guide discussions on how it can be changed for the better. These topics segue easily into questions like:
Why is pollution dangerous?
Why do we need bees and other pollinators?
What is ‘clean energy,’ and why is it important?
What happens to all the plastic from the grocery store?
Each of these modules has the power to engage young learners with the biggest challenge our world is facing today.
The Hands-On Science for British Columbia modules for kindergarten to grade two are available now. All four modules for grades three to five are now available for pre-order, and Living Things for Grades 3-5 will be ready to add to your bookshelf on September 16.
Tags: BC Classrooms, BC science curriculum, Big Ideas, Ecology, Hands-On Science, Hetxw'ms Gyetxw, Indigenous Literature, Know-Do-Understand model, Mothers of Xsan, Portage & Main Press, Sustainability, The Grizzly Mother, The Sockeye Mother
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Mystery Trivia for June 2006
Omnimystery 5/31/2006 05:44:00 PM No Comments
The Hidden Staircase Mystery Books has posted new mystery trivia questions for June 2006.
According to his website, this Wyoming native and author of the Joe Pickett mysteries has worked as a ranch hand, surveyor, fishing guide, and a small town newspaper reporter and editor. Who is he?
He won the Anthony and Macavity awards for which title in his mystery series?
Visit the Hidden Staircase Mystery Books to see the answers to these questions as well as previous mystery book trivia questions from prior months.
The Hidden Staircase Mystery Books provides readers and collectors of mysteries with the best and most current information about their favorite mystery authors, books, and series.
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Profile: Louis Bayard Examines Poe's Character in West Point Mystery
Louis Bayard, who recently published his second mystery, The Pale Blue Eye, was profiled this week by Regis Behe of the Pittsburgh Tribune-Review. Bayard's previous book, Mr. Timothy, featured an adult Tiny Tim from Charles Dickens' A Christmas Carol. The Pale Blue Eye features a young Edgar Allan Poe.
Behe writes that while other 19th century writers -- notably Mark Twain and Herman Melville -- loom larger in the contemporary literary consciousness, Poe's influence is ever-present. For The Pale Blue Eye, however, Poe's presence is initially as a secondary character, the central action of the novel involving Gus Landor, a retired New York City constable.
"[Poe] has so many layers and so many complexities," Bayard says, "and that's what makes him such a fascinating person to make a character out of. Not all writers necessarily would make good characters, but Poe has so many dark patches and grandiosities and excesses."
Behe continues that Bayard tried to mimic some of Poe's writing in the dialogue -- what he calls Poe's "garrulous, Latinate quality" -- juxtaposed against Landor's staid Anglo-Saxon voice. But the third central character in the novel is silent throughout. West Point provides a backdrop that, like Poe, is familiar to the public but is basically unknown to those who have not attended the academy.
Behe also includes a synopsis of the book: A retired constable investigates a murder of a West Point cadet, and a young Edgar Allan Poe -- who actually attended the academy -- assists in the investigation. Bayard deftly combines elements of Poe's style with his own story; especially jolting is an ending that shocks but, nevertheless, seems fitting.
Read Behe's entire profile here.
Reviews of The Pale Blue Eye have been stellar. Publishers Weekly states, "This beautifully crafted thriller stands head and shoulders above other recent efforts to fictionalize Poe." Kirkus Reviews adds, "Bayard's second offering is another literary tour de force ..."
Technorati tags: mystery books blogs, mystery, mystery books, mystery author, louis bayard.
News: A Summer 2006 Reading List for Golfers
Kiel Christianson of TravelGolf.com has published a summer reading list for golfers, and two mysteries are among his recommendations.
Final Fore is the fifth mystery in the Cassie Burdette series by Roberta Isleib. Burdette is an LPGA tour regular who spends as much time playing reluctant detective as she does playing golf. In this thriller, murder stalks the 2004 U.S. Women's Open. This mystery is a personal favorite of Christianson's not only because it's a gripping page-turner written by a clinical psychologist who knows her psychopaths, but also because he makes a cameo appearance on page 168.
From the publisher: At the bucolic Mount Holyoke College campus, Cassie Burdette is steeling her nerves for the U.S. Women’s Open, the most prestigious—and toughest—women’s golf event in the world. She’s already rattled by the absence of Laura, her favorite caddie, and by a controversial invitation to a men’s pro tournament. But then a rival is poisoned and Cassie begins receiving strange e-mails and messages. It seems that in high-stakes golf, competition can truly be murder.
Second on their list is Open Season by Jim Moriarty. This murder mystery is set on the PGA Tour. The story is driven less by the string of sometimes gruesome murders than by the personal dramas of photographer Nick Oliver, his Tour-press-officer ex-wife Julie, and associated PGA types. Sometimes you might forget there's a vicious serial killer lurking, but the realistic insights into the backstage machinations of the Tour are enough to keep any serious golf fan turning the pages.
Adds the publisher: From murder in Augusta, to death in peaceful Hilton Head, to a frenzied climax at the cradle of American golf, Pinehurst, Open Season is a riveting page-turner that will keep you up all night as you follow the trail of deceit and meet a lunatic eye-to-eye, all while golf's finest players pursue its greatest titles.
Visit the Hidden Staircase Mystery Books often where we provide readers and collectors of mysteries with the best and most current information about their favorite mystery authors, books, and series.
Technorati tags: mystery books blogs, mystery, mystery books, golf mysteries.
Weekly Mystery Godoku Puzzle for 05/29/2006
Omnimystery 5/29/2006 09:42:00 AM No Comments
A new Mystery Godoku Puzzle has been created by the Hidden Staircase Mystery Books and is available on our website.
Godoku is similar to Sudoku, but uses letters instead of numbers. To give you a headstart, we provide you a mystery clue to fill in a complete row or column (if you choose to use it!).
This week's mystery clue: This mystery by Jean Hager was the third in the Mitch Bushyhead series. 9 letters: A D G H L N O S T.
Previous puzzles are stored in the Mystery Godoku Archives.
Enjoy the weekly Mystery Godoku Puzzle from the Hidden Staircase Mystery Books, and Thanks for visiting our website!
Technorati tags: mystery books blogs, mystery, mystery books, mystery godoku, sudoku, godoku.
News: Publisher HarperCollins Inks Fox TV Deal
The Hollywood Reporter writes that HarperCollins Publishers has signed a deal with Fox Television Studios to develop and produce original content based on the publisher's new and backlist mystery and romance titles.
The first deal involves the development of a television series based on Lisa Scottoline's series of legal thrillers about female partners in the prestigious Rosato law firm. The first mystery in this series, Legal Tender, was published by HarperCollins in 1997.
News Corporation owns both HarperCollins and the Fox Television Studios.
Read the complete Hollywood Reporter article, as published on Reuters, here.
Technorati tags: mystery books blogs, mystery, mystery books, lisa scottoline.
Profile: Donna Leon, An American in Venice
Donna Leon's mysteries provide a key to a city of heartbreaking beauty, writes Bob Thompson of the Washington Post. Leon has written 15 mysteries featuring Commissario Guido Brunetti, all set in Venice, where she makes her home. Her books are bestsellers in Europe, though she is less well known in the US. Her most recent mystery, Through a Glass, Darkly, was published last month.
Donna Leon's Venice is so popular in Europe, where her books are bestsellers, that specially organized tours bring fans from Austria, Germany and Switzerland to follow Commissario Brunetti's footsteps through the calles (lanes) and campos (public squares) of her adopted home, adds Thompson.
Opera, even more than writing, is Leon's passion; the baroque orchestra Il Complesso Barocco owes its existence in large part to her involvement and support. What's more, she introduced her detective series with Death at La Fenice, in which Brunetti investigates the demise of a German conductor.
Read the rest of Bob Thompson's fascinating profile, as much of Venice as it is of Donna Leon, here.
Technorati tags: mystery books blogs, mystery, mystery books, mystery author, donna leon.
Mystery Hardcover Bestsellers (05/26/2006)
A list of the top ten mystery hardcover bestsellers for the week ending May 26, 2006 has been posted on the Hidden Staircase Mystery Books website.
New this week ...
At Risk, Patricia Cornwell's latest forensic thriller, debuts at the top of the mystery bestseller lists at Amazon.com and Barnes & Noble.com. A Massachusetts state investigator is called home from Knoxville, Tennessee, by his boss, an attractive but hard-charging district attorney, who is planning to run for governor, and as a showcase she's planning to use a new crime initiative called At Risk. Its motto: "Any crime, any time." In particular, she's been looking for a way to employ cutting-edge DNA technology, and she thinks she's found the perfect subject in an unsolved twenty-year-old murder-in Tennessee. If her office solves the case, it ought to make them all look pretty good, right? When a shocking piece of violence intervenes, an act that shakes up not only both their lives but the lives of everyone around them, the implications are bad, very bad indeed.
Technorati tags: mystery books blogs, mystery, mystery books, mystery bestsellers.
Mystery Book Review: The Deal Master by Gerard F. Bianco
Mysterious Reviews, mysteries reviewed by the Hidden Staircase Mystery Books, has published its review of The Deal Master by Gerard F. Bianco on its website. For our blog readers, it is reprinted here in its entirety.
Synopsis (from the publisher): In New York City, women with red hair are being brutally murdered. Detective William Gillette and his team are on the case, but they remain clueless until a curious stranger proposes a series of tempting deals—an exchange of sorts—that will help solve the crimes.
Gillette accepts the offer and plunges into the game. One deal after the next, he draws closer to the killer. But each deal comes with a price. Soon the detective finds himself in a dark hole—one he can’t get out of without striking the ultimate deal. Is the Deal Master Gillette’s savior—or his worst nightmare?
Review: Gerard F. Bianco's debut mystery, The Deal Master, has a compelling premise with a plot that is generally well constructed but is fundamentally flawed by dialog and prose that could have used some professional editing.
Jonathan Hamlin is a deal maker. Rather, a deal master. He is the custodian of people's hopes and dreams, what they lust for, what they desire, and what they can't live without. When a serial killer strikes New York City, Detective William Gillette, himself the son of a famous NYPD detective, is convinced that Hamlin is involved in some way. But when months go by without an arrest, Gillette is desperate to prevent another murder and strikes a deal with Hamlin to deliver the killer to him.
To Bianco's credit, all events that take place in the book, while improbable, are plausible. And the ending is especially intriguing, with the reader asking the question, "Is it possible that ..." (To add anything more would give away too much.)
The problem with The Deal Master is with the writing. This could have been a stylish, atmospheric mystery, but instead was rather pedestrian. The dialog was artificial and the prose often insipid. The use of chapter titles in mysteries is tricky: they help define the plot in juvenile books and are charming in cozies, but in serious novels they often seem out of place. In The Deal Master, they are almost comical and detract from the tone the author was trying to set.
A decidedly mixed review for The Deal Master. On the one hand, such a promising outline for a psychological thriller; on the other, a mystery that could have been and should have been better written.
Special thanks to Author Marketing Experts for providing a copy of The Deal Master for this review.
Review Copyright © 2006 Hidden Staircase Mystery Books
Visit Mysterious Reviews for other reviews of current and upcoming mystery books.
Technorati tags: mystery books blogs, mystery, mystery books, mystery book review.
New Mystery Hardcover Titles for June 2006
A preview of new hardcover mysteries for June 2006 has been posted on the Hidden Staircase Mystery Books website. A few of the twenty new mystery titles listed in this first update ...
Cody Mcfadyen's debut mystery, Shadow Man, introduces Special Agent Smoky Barrett. In all her years at the Bureau, Smoky has never encountered anyone like him-a new and fascinating kind of monster, a twisted genius who defies profilers' attempts to understand him. And he's issued Smoky a direct challenge, coaxing her back from the brink with the only thing that could convince her to live. Publishers Weekly states, "This disturbing serial killer drama set in California marks a promising debut for McFadyen, who combines many conventions of the genre but with far more exquisite, intricate results than the norm."
Inheriting a substantial fortune from his late mother, Teddy Ruzak quits his job as a night watchman to pursue his long-time dream of becoming a private eye in The Highly Effective Detective, the start of a new mystery series by Rick Yancey. Enlisting the help of his new secretary Felicia, a former waitress, to solve his first case, the hit-and-run of a family of geese, the case is soon complicated by an all-too-human murder. Publishers Weekly declares, "By turns touching, suspenseful and hilarious, this is sure to be one of the most well regarded-and enjoyed-mystery debuts of the year."
Already a bestseller even before it's published, America's favorite bounty hunter, Stephanie Plum, is back in Twelve Sharp and sure to win more fans than ever before. Trenton, New Jersey's premier troublemaker is once again struggling with her tangled love life, her chaotic family, and her gift for destroying every car she drives. Not to mention her attempts to bring in the sometimes scary bail jumpers of Trenton, and the sudden appearance of a mysterious female stalker—who turns out to have a close connection to Ranger.
Sunny Randall meets Jesse Stone in Robert B. Parker's Blue Screen. Buddy Bollen is a C-list movie mogul who made his fortune producing films of questionable artistic merit. When Buddy hires Sunny Randall to protect his rising star and girlfriend, Erin Flint, Sunny knows from the start that the prickly, spoiled beauty won't make her job easy. And when Erin's sister, Misty, is found dead in the lavish home they share with sugar daddy Bollen, there doesn't seem to be a single lead worth pursuing. But then Sunny meets Jesse Stone, chief of police in Paradise, Massachusetts, under whose jurisdiction the case falls. It immediately becomes clear that Jesse and Sunny have much in common. While searching for the killer, they learn an awful lot about each other-and themselves.
And many more including the 13th Gideon Oliver mystery (Unnatural Selection) by Aaron Elkins, the 2nd Faye Quick mystery (Too Darn Hot) by Sandra Scoppettone, the 3rd Cottage Tale Mystery in the Beatrix Potter series (Tale of Cuckoo Brow Wood) by Susan Wittig Albert, and others!
Technorati tags: mystery books blogs, mystery, mystery books, new mysteries.
New Mystery Book Contests
Two new giveaways have been posted on The Mystery Book Contest Website.
The Cryptozoology Contest features a hardcover copy of Cryptid inscribed and signed by Eric Penz. Cryptid tells the riveting story of conspiracy theorists who have new evidence of a centuries-old cover-up. When a cryptozoologist, a paleontologist, and a Jefferson descendant begin connecting the dots, they threaten to do more than unveil the well-guarded scientific discovery that lies at the heart of the ancient secret; they threaten to rewrite American history. Included in the prize package are several other resources to help in your search of other mysteries of nature.
The Green 61 Contest features a hardcover copy of Green 61 signed by the author Cody Fowler Davis. Green 61 is a real “I know it’s late, but I just don’t want to put it down” kind of a book. It’s all the more so because it was written by a successful attorney who knows the legal system inside and out, and is well acquainted with the tactics—savory and less so—of those who work in it. It’s authentic, it’s believable, and it’s absolutely engaging from the first sentence through to the last. Included in the prize package are other products that feature locations mentioned in the book.
Both contests may be entered daily, one entry per person or e-mail address.
The December in Florida Contest, featuring three prize packages including signed copies of Blondes Have More Felons by Alesia Holliday, concludes at the end of this month.
Visit The Mystery Book Contest Website daily to enter your name into our contests. And please pick up copies of these fine mysteries at your local bookstore or order directly from Amazon.com by clicking on the book titles or images.
Technorati tags: mystery books blogs, mystery, mystery books, mystery book contest.
News: BrilliantButCancelled.com, a New Broadband Service from Bravo
In a recent press release by Bravo TV, the cable network announced it will launch BrilliantButCancelled.com, a new broadband service that celebrates the small screen's best-loved but short-lived series.
BrilliantButCancelled.com will be anchored by a critically-acclaimed line-up of some of television's most daring programs, described by Bravo as "too smart, too edgy or too hip for TV" when they hit the airwaves.
Included among the series expected to be available is "Gideon Oliver" which aired on ABC in 1989 and starred Louis Gossett Jr. as an anthropology professor at Columbia University who uses his knowledge of other cultures to solve crimes, aided by his daughter/assistant Zina. Gossett has won an Emmy, Oscar and Golden Globe. Features pre-"ER" performance by Eriq LaSalle. Based on Aaron Elkins' award-winning series of novels. Shot in exotic locales including the Caribbean, Central America, etc.
Read Bravo TV's entire press release here.
Technorati tags: mystery books blogs, mystery, mystery books, aaron elkins.
This week's mystery clue: This John Connelly thriller had Charlie Parker unraveling a brutal crime committed in the Deep South: (9 letters).
News: Novelists Weaving Real Recipes into Books
Omnimystery 5/20/2006 10:56:00 PM 1 Comment
When Diane Mott Davidson wrote her first mystery novel, she had to fight with her editors to include recipes. Now, 12 books later, readers identify Davidson’s novels, which feature a crime solving caterer, with tasty recipes, writes Paige Lauren Deiner on TheMonitor.com.
Recipes and writing about food give authors a chance to develop characters, plot or setting, said Carolyn Marino, senior vice-president and executive editor at HarperCollins Publishers. “There are writers who use food as a metaphor. They are able to use food the way a different writer uses a setting,” she said.
Davidson said she always tries out the recipes she puts in her books a couple of times at least. She said she asks the UPS man, the post man and anyone who stops by, “Do you like cookie A or cookie B? Did you like this cake filling?” And when Davidson started writing her books about caterer Goldy Schulz and her culinary misadventures, she worked with a caterer to learn the business. “It’s not just about the cooking. You’re running a business,” she said.
Read the entire article on novelists weaving real recipies into books on TheMonitor.com here.
Technorati tags: mystery books blogs, mystery, mystery books, diane mott davidson.
The Hard Way: Lee Child's 10th mystery features ex-military cop Jack Reacher who sees more than most people would ... and because of that, he's thrust into an explosive situation that's about to blow up in his face. For the only way to find the truth- and save two innocent lives- is to do it the way Jack Reacher does it best: the hard way. Publishers Weekly states "... the author's atmospheric descriptions make Manhattan a leading player, with menace lurking at every intersection." And adds, "The inevitable showdown ... ranks as one of Child's most thrilling finales."
The King of Lies: A debut mystery by John Hart who has written a literary thriller that is as suspenseful as it is poignant, a riveting murder mystery layered beneath the southern drawl of a humble North Carolina lawyer. Publishers Weekly calls The King of Lies "... [a] stunning debut, an exceptionally deep and complex mystery thriller, [that] compares favorably to the best of Scott Turow."
Editorial Reply: Susan Wittig Albert - Books Truly Can't Be Judged by Covers
Last week we posted a summary of an editorial by Linda Brazill of the Madison (WI) Capitol Times where she took a critical look at gardening mysteries. One of the mysteries she took exception with was Bleeding Hearts by Susan Wittig Albert. Ms. Albert wrote a letter to the editor, which was published on The Capitol Times (on madision.com), and is summarized here:
Dear Editor: In Linda Brazill's recent review of my book, Bleeding Hearts, she complains that the book's cover depicts one species of a plant while the text refers to another, "a mistake that only a non-gardener would make," she says.
Ms. Brazill needs to know that fiction writers are rarely consulted about their cover art. It is downright unfair (as well as uninformed) to attempt to judge the author's gardening experience from the artist's cover design. In fact, I've gardened extensively for over 20 years.
There are lots of things about plants that I don't know, and I'm just as capable of making an error as the next person. But I do know enough about the publishing business to be wary of judging a book by its cover.
Susan Wittig Albert
Burnet County, Texas
Technorati tags: mystery books blogs, mystery, mystery books, susan wittig albert.
Profile: Antiques Lover Mystery Author Deborah Morgan
Will people kill for antiques? Whitmore Lake (MI) crime writer Deborah Morgan certainly thinks so, writes the Ann Arbor News.
Morgan has just published her fifth antiques lover mystery, The Majolica Murders, in which Seattle-based ex-FBI agent and antiques picker Jeff Talbot investigates the murder of a local antiques dealer.
Majolica is a type of colorful, glazed earthenware that originated on the Spanish island of Mallorca. Morgan chose it for the series after watching TV. "I'd seen the turtle reservoir and bowl on Martha Stewart and fell in love with that particular set. Just seeing something like that can trigger an entire mystery for me,'' Morgan says.
The Majolica Murders may be the last of the antiques lover's mystery, adds Morgan, who is still deciding what to do with the series. However, whatever happens, you'll still be able to spot her at the Ann Arbor Antiques Market on a weekend.
Deborah Morgan is married to mystery author Loren D. Estleman who writes, among other series, the long-running and well-received Amos Walker mysteries.
Read the rest of profile of Deborah Morgan, as published on Mlive.com, here.
Technorati tags: mystery books blogs, mystery, mystery books, mystery author, deborah morgan, loren d. estleman.
Press Release: Hard Case Crime's "Say It With Bullets" Optioned By Caribou Films
New York, NY; Los Angeles, CA (PRWEB) May 15, 2006 -– Hard Case Crime announced today that Caribou Films has optioned the movie rights to Richard Powell’s classic comic crime novel Say It With Bullets and has attached veteran filmmaker Blaine Novak as screenwriter and producer. Films written by Mr. Novak include They All Laughed, directed by Peter Bogdanovich and starring Audrey Hepburn, and Strangers Kiss, starring Peter Coyote. Mr. Novak also wrote and directed Good to Go, starring Art Garfunkel, as well as Blue Champagne, produced by Jack Nicholson.
Originally published in 1953 and reissued for the first time in half a century by Hard Case Crime earlier this year, Say It With Bullets tells the story of Bill Wayne, an army officer who tries to shut down a smuggling operation and winds up shot in the back and left for dead by one of his fellow soldiers. When he recovers, Bill sets off to find out which of his former army buddies was behind the shooting, using a bus tour of the west as camouflage. But when the beautiful tour guide stumbles onto Bill’s scheme and a mysterious figure starts picking off the suspects at each stop along the way, events spiral out of control.
"Say It With Bullets combines the best elements of great comedy and great suspense storytelling,” said Blaine Novak. “It’s got an irresistible plot, characters you just love, fantastic dialogue, and a breathtaking climax at Yosemite National Park that’s just begging to be put on film. This is one hell of a book and I’m very excited to work on bringing it to the screen.”
For more information about Hard Case Crime or Say It With Bullets, visit www.HardCaseCrime.com.
Read the entire press release here.
Technorati tags: mystery books blogs, mystery, mystery books.
Press Release: 22nd Annual Chicago Tribune Printers Row Book Fair Announces Featured Authors
CHICAGO, May 15 /PRNewswire/ -- From toddler-wielding parents to antique book collectors to fiction aficionados, the Chicago Tribune Printers Row Book Fair has something to please book lovers of all kinds. The Fair -- the largest free outdoor literary event in the Midwest -- is expected to draw nearly 90,000 visitors to the two-day showcase, set in Chicago's historic Printers Row neighborhood June 3-4.
As always, the Fair tackles timely topics, including immigration, the death penalty and the environment; features panels of au courant bloggers-turned-authors and graphic novelists; and welcomes more than 100 literary luminaries. Among the authors scheduled to appear are:
Michael Connelly: The bestselling mystery author switches to nonfiction for a collection of articles written during his tenure as a crime reporter in "Crime Beat." Readers will learn how real life influences fiction.
The Chicago Tribune Printers Row Book Fair is presented in association with the Chicago Public Library. Sponsors of this year's fair include Target, Barnes & Noble Booksellers, Jewel-Osco, C-SPAN and Columbia College Chicago.
The Chicago Tribune operates the Printers Row Book Fair as part of the company's ongoing commitment to the written word and its support of literacy and literary endeavors. For more information about the Fair and a complete list of programs and exhibitors, go to http://www.printersrowbookfair.org.
Read the entire press release which lists all featured authors here.
Technorati tags: mystery books blogs, mystery, mystery books, michael connelly.
News: Elmore Leonard Gets Lifetime Nod
Elmore Leonard, the doyen of crime thriller writers, received a lifetime achievement award Wednesday, May 10th, from the UK Crime Writers Association, writes the Hollywood Reporter.
Leonard, who has seen many of his novels such as Get Shorty, Rum Punch, and 3:10 to Yuma turned into movies, received the 21st Diamond Dagger during a packed reception at London's Savoy Hotel.
The Michigan-based Leonard, who has previously been named a Grand Master by the Mystery Writers of America, released his latest book, The Complete Western Stories, this month.
Read the entire article, as published by Reuters UK, here.
Technorati tags: mystery books blogs, mystery, mystery books, elmore leonard.
New Mystery Hardcover Titles for May 2006 (updated)
An updated list of new hardcover mysteries for May 2006 has been posted on the Hidden Staircase Mystery Books website. Twelve additional titles have been added including ...
The sixth outing for Wyoming game and fish warden Joe Pickett in C. J. Box's latest mystery, In Plain Sight. Kirkus Reviews states that Box "... continues to write the sharpest suspensers west of the Pecos. " Publishers Weekly adds that the author "... expertly evokes Wyoming's landscape, wildlife, people and politics."
The seventh Lincoln Rhyme mystery, Cold Moon by Jeffrey Deaver, pits the quadriplegic NYPD detective against a brilliant criminal mastermind called the Watchmaker. Kirkus Reviews asks the question, "Which of the leads, revelations, twists and confessions can be trusted, and which have been planted for purposes best known to the Watchmaker? Deaver, an old pro at pulling rugs out from under readers, adds a piquant complication this time ..."
Kathryn R. Wall's sixth Bay Tanner mystery, Bishop's Reach, finds the Hilton Head Island (SC) inquiry agent up to her lovely green eyeballs in clients with hidden agendas. Adds Publishers Weekly, "Oozing Southern charm, this whodunit flows like hot molasses to a deliciously clever conclusion."
And though it is folly to judge a book by its cover, sometimes a dust jacket evokes powerful yet subtle images of mystery. Such is the case with The Poe Shadow by Matthew Pearl. Baltimore lawyer Quentin Clark explores the puzzling circumstances of Edgar Allan Poe’s demise and discovers that the writer’s last days are riddled with unanswered questions.
This week's mystery clue: Holly Winter became a dog trainer to the Mob in this mystery by Susan Conant (with “The”). 9 letters: A D E F G H O R T.
Editorial: Garden Whodunits Need to Get Details Right
Linda Brazill of the Madison (WI) Capitol Times recently took a critical look at gardening mysteries, and concluded that several came up a bit short, horticulturally speaking.
"Gardens seem like the perfect setting for mysteries.", she writes. "There are any number of poisonous plants, like foxglove and monkshood, that make ideal murder weapons to say nothing of deadly cocktails conjured up to kill weeds. There are mazes to hide in, borders to bury the body in, and an endless supply of historical allusions and poetic inspiration."
She adds that three recent horticultural whodunits all have something to recommend them but none of them quite made a compelling argument for setting their stories in gardens.
Of the three books mentioned, Brazill notes that in Susan Wittig Albert's most recent mystery, Bleeding Hearts with China Bayles, she gets all the garden and herb information correct. In addition, "The very last pages [of the book] contain the lovely lemony recipes that China's catering crew made during the course of the story."
Anthony Eglin's second English Garden mystery, The Lost Gardens, is more problematic. She notes that, "On a visit to the famed English garden Hidcote Manor to show the American homeowner what a grand estate garden looks like, our sleuth points out cherry trees, cannas, oriental poppies and skunk cabbage all apparently blooming at the same time. I don't believe that even the Brits could manage that gardening sleight of hand."
Finally, Brazill looked at Carol Goodman's The Ghost Orchid. She found that the sense of the garden and the detail and description of it overwhelmed the characters. Goodman's earlier mysteries were complex but not confusing, a critical distinction and one that mars The Ghost Orchid. In short, "A glorious mix if a bit of a mess."
Read the entire article, as published on Madison.com, here.
Technorati tags: mystery books blogs, mystery, mystery books, susan wittig albert, anthony eglin, carol goodman.
Profile: Domenic Stansberry, North Beach Noir
With the publication this month of the second entry in the classical noir North Beach mystery series by Marin County resident Domenic Stansberry, The Big Boom, San Francisco Chronicle writer Carolyn Jones ran a brief profile of this local mystery author.
Stansberry was born in Washington, D.C., but lived in North Beach for many years before moving to Corte Madera. The Big Boom is his sixth published novel. Last year, his book The Confession won the Edgar Allan Poe Award for best paperback original mystery novel.
The Big Boom takes place in North Beach during the dot-com heyday, when illusions of never-ending wealth melded with the illusions of San Francisco's most literary neighborhood. Private investigator Dante Mancuso gets a call from the Italian American parents of his childhood sweetheart, a dot-com publicist who's gone missing. Shortly thereafter, a woman's corpse washes up from the bay, and the mystery begins.
Read the entire profile by Carolyn Jones of Domenic Stansberry here.
Technorati tags: mystery books blogs, mystery, mystery books, domenic stansberry.
(The original text of this posting was inadvertantly deleted; the links, however, have been restored.)
Press Release: A Mystery You Can Only Find in the Public Library
Announcing the release of Glass Chameleon, seventh mystery in the Deets Shanahan Mystery Series. This release discusses the significance of library edition publishing within the context of the mainstream publishing industry.
San Francisco, CA (PRWEB) May 11, 2006 — They are rarely reviewed in the mainstream newspapers and seldom found on the bookshelves of Borders or Barnes & Noble. Though available through such online bookstores as Amazon.com, they are books specifically published for libraries.
This is the case for Ronald Tierney’s Deets Shanahan mystery series, the seventh of which — Glass Chameleon — will be released in the U.S. in July. Severn House, a U.K. publisher noted for high-quality, hardback library editions of mysteries, thrillers and other books, picked up the series ten years after the original publisher dropped it.
“This was during the time when many mid-list writers disappeared,” Tierney said about his series that featured a septuagenarian Indianapolis private eye. “I’m glad he’s back. Of course I hope for wider distribution. Nonetheless it’s reassuring that he’s in the libraries. But what this says to mystery lovers who might want to go beyond the mainstream mysteries is ‘Check out your local library. They have books you won’t find anywhere else.’”
Tierney’s new book takes place in his native Indianapolis and pre-Katrina New Orleans.
“I think Glass Chameleon is the most provocative of the Shanahan books,” Tierney continued. “As we’re growing up, we are often advised not to discuss sex, politics and religion in polite company. That’s pretty much what the book is about. It’s not polite. It’s still funny, I hope, but it doesn’t shy away from current controversial issues in the process of finding a murderer.”
Booklist said this about the new book: “A plot chock-a-block with unexpected twists, a succinct writing style…unusual characters, and deadpan humor add up to a top-notch read in Tierney’s still-stellar series.”
To find out more about Severn House and its authors, visit www.severnhouse.com. For more information about Tierney’s Shanahan series, visit www.ronaldtierney.com. Tierney, an Indianapolis native, currently lives in San Francisco where he is working on several fiction projects.
Technorati tags: mystery books blogs, mystery, mystery books
News: Tom Selleck Hoping to Star as Jesse Stone for a Long Time
Cynthia Littleton of the Hollywood Reporter writes that Tom Selleck is hoping to continue with the Jesse Stone telefilms as a recurring franchise for CBS. The most recent installment, Jesse Stone: Death in Paradise, was broadcast last week on CBS and earned the best reviews of the three movies so far. It also ranked as CBS' second-most-watched movie of the season with nearly 15 million viewers.
Selleck is quick to give CBS credit for allowing him to make the kind of movies he wants to make with the Stone franchise.
"I don't think you need an explosion in the first 10 minutes," Selleck said. "You don't need to do ripped-from-the-headlines stuff. If the audience likes the character enough, they'll go with you when he goes into a dark room at home alone, pours a scotch and sits down to think a while."
The Jesse Stone mysteries on CBS are based on the novels by best-selling mystery author Robert B. Parker.
Read the entire Hollywood Reporter article, as published on Philly.com, here.
Technorati tags: mystery books blogs, mystery, mystery books, jesse stone, robert b. parker, tom selleck.
New Feature: Weekly Updates of Online Mystery Reviews
Mysterious Reviews, mysteries reviewed by the Hidden Staircase Mystery Books, has added a new feature for our visitors.
In addition to mysteries that we review, every Wednesday we'll post links to other online reviews of recently published mystery books. A brief summary of the review is also provided. (Book titles will be linked to Amazon.com where reviews from Publishers Weekly and Kirkus Reviews, among others, are also posted.)
We recognize the value of the diversity of opinions reviewers have for mysteries, and look forward to your visits to Mysterious Reviews to keep current on your favorite mystery books, authors, and series characters.
Technorati tags: mystery books blogs, mystery, mystery books, mystery book reviews.
Mystery Book Review: The Abortionist's Daughter by Elisabeth Hyde
Mysterious Reviews, mysteries reviewed by the Hidden Staircase Mystery Books, has published its review of The Abortionist's Daughter by Elisabeth Hyde on its website. For our blog readers, it is reprinted here in its entirety.
Synopsis (from the publisher): Two weeks before Christmas, Diana Duprey, an outspoken abortion doctor, is found floating in her pool, a bruise the size of a golf ball visible through her dark curls. A national figure, Diana inspired passion and ignited tempers, never more so than on the day of her death.
Her husband, Frank, an attorney in the D.A.’s office for more than twenty years, had fought bitterly with her on the day of her murder. Yet to reveal the nature of their fight would cost him not only his career but something greater still—a relationship he will go to any lengths to protect. Diana’s daughter, Megan, a college freshman, had also quarreled with Diana that day, and her role in her mother’s murder will prove more significant than she ever could have anticipated. The Reverend Stephen O’Connell, founder of the town’s pro-life coalition, obviously had issues with Diana, but his anger extended beyond the political to the personal—namely, Dr. Duprey’s involvement with his own troubled teenager. Meanwhile, the detective on the case grapples to make sense of it all. His investigation implicates many in this town and reveals a series of gross miscalculations, each one challenging what we know, or think we know, about community, fidelity, justice, and love.
Review: "... some people had the power to dig themselves into the very deepest part of your brain and stay there until you paid them the attention they demanded."
This passage, from Elisabeth Hyde's stellar mystery The Abortionist's Daughter, a complex character study of people brought together by the murder of Diana Duprey, an abortion provider for a small town outside Denver, can be applied to most of the people in the book and is one of the reasons this is such an intriguing story. As the police investigate the murder, the relationships Diana had with her family and associates are carefully disclosed in a way that adds credibility to the plot and depth to the characters. The conclusion, though not unexpected, is nonetheless startling and dramatically revealed.
The title is something of a misnomer, and unfortunately tends to be erroneously suggestive. Though the daughter plays a prominent role in the book, the title implies the story is about her. It isn't. Furthermore, the use of the word "abortion" in any form is provocative. Some prospective readers may shy away thinking that the story is about abortion. It isn't. When a detective on the case calls the victim an "abortionist", her daughter quickly corrects him: she was an "abortion provider". It was her profession, but Hyde wisely doesn't take sides on the issue primarily because it is largely a plot device, to set up a professional and personal relationship between Diana and the founder of the town's pro-life coalition. It's unclear why either the author or the publisher chose this title as it unnecessarily detracts from an otherwise outstanding work of mystery fiction.
Special thanks to Random House for providing the ARC of The Abortionist's Daughter for this review.
Visit Mysterious Reviews for other reviews of current and older mystery books.
News: Mystery Novelist Herbert Burkholz, 73
Herbert Burkholz, 73, a mystery novelist who briefly was a speechwriter at the Food and Drug Administration in the 1990s, died of lung cancer April 30 at Washington County Hospital in Hagerstown (MD), reports the Washington Post.
Burkholz wrote several mysteries, including a series with a group of mind-reading CIA agents known as "the Sensitives". He also collaborated with Clifford Irving on a number of spy thrillers.
Read the Washington Post's profile of Herbert Burkholz here.
News: "Lost" Book Clues in Fans
Bad Twin, written by fictitious Oceanic Flight 815 passenger Gary Troup (an anagram of "purgatory") on the ABC series "Lost", is being billed as the last manuscript from the author, who supposedly dropped the book off at his publisher just days before perishing on the flight.
The plot centers on the detective Paul Artisan who is hired to track down the "bad twin" Zander Widmore by his "good twin" Cliff. Along the way, Artisan enlists the help of a good buddy who just so happens to be well-versed in biblical parables and metaphors on the meaning of life.
Gina Serpe, writing for E! Online, reports that, as expected, Bad Twin is full of references to the prime-time series, including several mentions of the 17th century philosopher John Locke, a makeshift boat named Escape Hatch, allusions to life being complicated and unable to be boiled down to something as simple as, say, "a string of numbers," and of course, most of the action takes place on a mysterious--and fictional--island.
Serpe adds, "For those fans wishing to check out more of Troup's work, they may want to dig up his first novel, The Valenzetti Equation. That is, if it actually existed they might. The book is described as centering on a mathematical equation that predicts the apocalypse, and while no more specifics have been released, it's likely 'Lost' fans could hazard an accurate guess as to which numbers may be involved in the solution."
Read the rest of the E! Online story here.
This week's mystery clue: This is the title of James O. Born’s second mystery that features FDLE agent Bill Tasker. 9 letters: A C E H K O S V W.
Profile: Elaine Viets, author of the Dead-End Job Mysteries
No animals were harmed in the creation of Murder Unleashed, the fifth entry in Elaine Viets' award-winning Dead-End Job mystery series and her first hardcover whodunit. The former St. Louis Post-Dispatch columnist-turned-serial mystery writer commits murder in her mind only.
Viets researches all her Dead-End Job mysteries by working the jobs she writes about. Such research doesn't just give Viets an inside look at the occupations in question. It also gives her a megacast of characters.
Viets is a native of St. Louis, though she now lives in Fort Lauderdale with her husband, Don Crinklaw, and her "writing companion," Harry, her rescue cat. She also is the mastermind behind five other mysteries, which are packaged into two other series. Her next book, High Heels Are Murder, is due out in November and features "Mystery Shopper" Josie Marcus.
Read the entire profile of Elaine Viets by Sarah Newman in the St. Louis Post-Dispatch, and featured on STLtoday.com, here.
Technorati tags: mystery books blogs, mystery, mystery books, elaine viets.
News: Oxygen Network 2007 Lineup to Include Mystery Series
The Oxygen network announced that it is continuing to re-write the rulebook for womens television with its most ambitious development slate to date for 2007. Included in its plans are pilots for two new mystery series.
Nicky Velnet, a one hour scripted action, drama. Nicky Velvet is a picky crook, who steals the seemingly valueless for a hefty fee of course. Need the water stolen from a swimming pool or the rare ivory comb from a dangerous thugs back pocket? Nicky will execute the job using her intuition and intellect to outsmart her dupe. Based on the 88 mystery books by Edward Hoch.
Robin Hudson Mysteries, a one hour scripted dramedy, mystery. Robin Hudson is a quirky, third-string reporter for the All News Network and just can't seem to win. When she becomes involved in a New Year's Eve murder mystery she discovers her uncanny ability to solve crimes better than the police. Based on the series of books by Sparkle Hayter.
Read about all of the Oxygen network's planned series and movies in The Futon Critic.
New this week is James Patterson's latest "Beach" thriller, Beach Road. Reviews have been decidedly mixed, with Publisher's Weekly stating, "Bestseller Patterson shows signs of having gone to the well too often in this slapdash collaboration with de Jonge, his coauthor on The Beach House (2002). ... Fans can only hope that Patterson soon returns to the level he achieved with his Alex Cross series."
Also new is Bad Twin , the book tie-in to the ABC series "Lost". Though Gary Troup is a fictional author (the book was written by "a well-known mystery writer"), Hyperion has released the following statement regarding Troup: "It is with a mix of pride and sorrow that Hyperion presents Bad Twin, the last novel by a wonderful author who was taken from us in the very prime of his writing life. As many readers are already aware, Gary Troup has been missing since September 2004, when the jetliner that was carrying him from Sydney to Los Angeles crashed somewhere over the South Pacific. While nothing is more human than to hope for miracles, reason tells us that the author and his fellow-travelers cannot have survived this disaster."
Online Mystery Book Reviews
Margaret Cannon, Crime Book reviewer for the Globe and Mail, recently published her reviews of 6 new mystery books.
Promise Me, by Harlan Coben, Dutton: "After six years, Harlan Coben brings him back in a story so solid, a plot so complex, that it's one of his best."
Nicotine Kiss, by Loren D. Estleman, Forge: "This is a superb novel, and Estleman's lovely, lyrical writing style makes it a pleasure. There's not a thing to improve."
The Death of Achilles, by Boris Akunin, Random House: "The joy of Akunin's novels isn't just in the plot, although these are superior. He has the same zest for the chase and the sheer fun of it all that makes Holmes so wonderful."
Prior Bad Acts, by Tami Hoag, Bantam: "The opening chapter of this novel is so chilling, some readers will wonder if they can read the whole thing. But I can promise that, by page six, they will be gripped, spellbound, held to the page. Hoag is a fine writer, but this is her best book by far."
Debts of Dishonor, by Jill Paton Walsh, St. Martin's Press: "This novel marks the return of her Cambridge sleuth, Imogene Quy, and it's as good an update of Dorothy L. as you are ever likely to see."
Oh Danny Boy, by Rhys Bowen, St. Martin's Press: "This is a slight novel with a bit of a romance in the plot, a lot of fun and some terrific historical writing. Fans of the British cozy will love it, and so will readers of historical fiction."
Read her complete reviews here.
Technorati tags: mystery books blogs, mystery, mystery books, book review.
Mystery Trivia for May 2006
The Hidden Staircase Mystery Books has posted new mystery trivia questions for May 2006.
What well-known mystery author has been published under the pseudonyms Richard Stark, Tucker Coe, Samual Holt, and others?
What is the title of his first book published, under his real name, by Random House in 1960?
Press Release: Top Mystery Author to Head "Line-Up" for Murder in the Grove
(OPENPRESS) April 26, 2006 -- One of the world's best known and best-selling mystery authors, Anne Perry, will make a rare visit to Boise to take part in a bit of murder, mayhem, and fun at Murder in the Grove 2006, to be held June 2-3. Murder in the Grove, the northwest’s only annual mystery conference, caters to both fans and writers of mystery fiction.
Perry has sold more than twenty million books. She writes the Thomas and Charlotte Pitt, and the Inspector William Monk series, both set in Victorian England, a third series which takes place in England during World War I, and has written a number of stand-alone books as well. Born in England, Anne Perry has lived in the United States and New Zealand. She presently makes her home in Scotland.
The public is invited to meet Perry and the other mystery authors at a book fair and dessert party at Barnes & Noble on Friday, June 2 at 7 p.m. On Saturday, June 3, Murder in the Grove convenes from 8 a.m. to 7 p.m. at the Centre on the Grove with programs for both mystery fans and writers. Agents and editors will meet with authors looking for representation.
Local mystery authors Joanne Pence, Deborah Donnelly, Catherine Mulvany, and Kelly Jones plus authors C.J. Box, Carolyn Wheat, Bob Wiebezahl, Kirk Russell, Aileen Baron, Mary Buckham, Sylvia Hubbard, Larry Karp, Con Lehane, Rae Monet, Twist Phelan, J.D. Rhoades, Michael W. Sherer, Denise Swanson, Pari Noskin Taichert, and Pat White will join Perry as presenters at Murder in the Grove. Author/editor Denise Dietz will represent Five Star Press. Literary agents Meredith Bernstein and Jo Grossman will speak with aspiring writers. Forensic artist Carrie Stuart-Parks, DNA expert Dr. Greg Hampikian, and private investigator, Valerie Agosta will present workshops on crime investigation. For her contribution to the field of mystery, Sara Paretsky will receive the 2006 Ridley Award in absentia due to a recent injury.
For more information about the two-day conference, local authors Joanne Pence ([email protected] or 208/938-5995, website: www.joannepence.com), and Tammy Cooper ([email protected] or 208/375-8230, website: www.tlcooper.com) may be contacted at any time, or visit www.murderinthegrove.com.
The Mystery Bookshelf: New Titles for May 2006
The Mystery Bookshelf has updated its list of new paperback titles to include those to be released in May 2006.
Visit The Mystery Bookshelf to browse mass market paperback mysteries published since December 2005. (Older mysteries are moved to the archives which are searchable and still available from The Mystery Bookshelf.)
For each mystery, you can see the book cover, an overview of the book (synopsis), and notes about the book. For example, if the mystery is part of a series, the entry in that series is given.
Please visit The Mystery Bookshelf often! We are commited to providing readers of popular mysteries with the best and most current information about their favorite mystery authors, books, and series.
Technorati tags: mystery books blogs, mystery, mystery books, paperback mysteries.
This week's mystery clue: Theresa Monsour's 3rd mystery featuring St. Paul homicide detective Sgt. Paris Murphy had this title. 9 letters: A D E H K O R S U.
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Volume 43, Issue 12 Supplement, June 2004 DOI: 10.1016/j.jacc.2004.02.029
Cellular and molecular pathobiology of pulmonary arterial hypertension
Marc Humbert, Nicholas W Morrell, Stephen L Archer, Kurt R Stenmark, Margaret R MacLean, Irene M Lang, Brian W Christman, E.Kenneth Weir, Oliver Eickelberg, Norbert F Voelkel and Marlene Rabinovitch
vol. 43 no. 12 Supplement S13-S24
Received January 7, 2004
Accepted February 3, 2004
Published online June 16, 2004.
American College of Cardiology Foundation
Marc Humbert, MD, PhD*,* (humbert{at}ipsc.u-psud.fr),
Nicholas W Morrell, MD†,
Stephen L Archer, MD‡,
Kurt R Stenmark, MD§,
Margaret R MacLean, Bsc, PhD∥,
Irene M Lang, MD¶,
Brian W Christman, MD#,
E.Kenneth Weir, MD**,
Oliver Eickelberg, MD††,
Norbert F Voelkel, MD‡‡ and
Marlene Rabinovitch, MD§§
∥
††
‡‡
↵*Reprint requests and correspondence:
Dr. Marc Humbert, Service de Pneumologie, Hôpital Antoine-Béclère, 157, Rue de la Porte de Trivaux, 92140 Clamart, France.
Pulmonary arterial hypertension (PAH) has a multifactorial pathobiology. Vasoconstriction, remodeling of the pulmonary vessel wall, and thrombosis contribute to increased pulmonary vascular resistance in PAH. The process of pulmonary vascular remodeling involves all layers of the vessel wall and is complicated by cellular heterogeneity within each compartment of the pulmonary arterial wall. Indeed, each cell type (endothelial, smooth muscle, and fibroblast), as well as inflammatory cells and platelets, may play a significant role in PAH. Pulmonary vasoconstriction is believed to be an early component of the pulmonary hypertensive process. Excessive vasoconstriction has been related to abnormal function or expression of potassium channels and to endothelial dysfunction. Endothelial dysfunction leads to chronically impaired production of vasodilators such as nitric oxide and prostacyclin along with overexpression of vasoconstrictors such as endothelin (ET)-1. Many of these abnormalities not only elevate vascular tone and promote vascular remodeling but also represent logical pharmacological targets. Recent genetic and pathophysiologic studies have emphasized the relevance of several mediators in this condition, including prostacyclin, nitric oxide, ET-1, angiopoietin-1, serotonin, cytokines, chemokines, and members of the transforming-growth-factor-beta superfamily. Disordered proteolysis of the extracellular matrix is also evident in PAH. Future studies are required to find which if any of these abnormalities initiates PAH and which ones are best targeted to cure the disease.
The pulmonary circulation is a low-pressure, high-flow system with a great capacity for recruitment of normally unperfused vessels. As a consequence, the walls of pulmonary arteries are thin, in keeping with their low transmural pressure. Pulmonary arterial hypertension (PAH) is a disease of the small pulmonary arteries, characterized by vascular narrowing leading to a progressive increase in pulmonary vascular resistance. The consequence of this increased right ventricle afterload is the failure of the afterload-intolerant right ventricle.
Vasoconstriction, remodeling of the pulmonary vessel wall, and thrombosis contribute to the increased pulmonary vascular resistance in PAH (1). However, it is now recognized that pulmonary arterial obstruction by vascular proliferation and remodeling is the hallmark of PAH pathogenesis (2). The process of pulmonary vascular remodeling involves all layers of the vessel wall and is complicated by the finding that cellular heterogeneity exists within the compartment of the pulmonary arterial wall (2).
Cellular changes
Smooth muscle cells and fibroblasts
Each cell type (endothelial, smooth muscle, and fibroblast) in the pulmonary vascular wall plays a specific role in the response to injury (2). A feature common to all forms of PAH remodeling is the distal extension of smooth muscle into small peripheral, normally nonmuscular, pulmonary arteries within the respiratory acinus. The cellular processes underlying muscularization of this distal part of the pulmonary arterial tree are incompletely understood. In addition, a hallmark of severe pulmonary hypertension is the formation of a layer of myofibroblasts and extracellular matrix between the endothelium and the internal elastic lamina, termed the neointima.In some model systems, particularly in hypoxia models, the adventitial fibroblast appears to be the first cell activated to proliferate and to synthesize matrix proteins in response to the pulmonary hypertensive stimulus (3). The mechanisms that enable the adventitial fibroblast to migrate into the media (and ultimately the intima) are currently unclear, but there is good evidence to suggest that upregulation of matrix metalloproteinases (MMP2 and MMP9) occurs and that these molecules are involved in migration.
In many forms of pulmonary hypertension, as the vessel wall thickens, a concomitant increase occurs in neovascularization of the vasa vasorum. This neovascularization occurs primarily in the adventitia, although it extends into the outer parts of the media. This adventitial vessel formation could provide a conduit for circulating progenitor cells to access the vessel wall from the adventitial side. It is unknown whether circulating progenitor cells derived from the bone marrow contribute directly to the adventitial thickening and perhaps medial thickening, or whether bone marrow-derived progenitor cells simply enhance the proliferative and migratory activity of the local adventitial fibroblasts. Significant attention in the future will have to be focused on the role of circulating precursor cells to vascular remodeling (4). In addition, evidence shows that PAH may be associated with alterations of both rates of proliferation and apoptosis, which, in balance, result in thickened, obstructive pulmonary arteries.
Disorganized endothelial cell proliferation leading to formation of plexiform lesions is described in many cases of PAH (1,5). The initiating stimulus or injury that results in abnormal endothelial proliferation is unknown, but may include hypoxia, shear stress, inflammation, or response to drugs or toxins on a background of genetic susceptibility.
However, although many animal models of pulmonary hypertension exist, none recapitulate the histology of PAH, particularly the presence of plexiform lesions. Endothelial cells may respond to injury in various ways affecting the process of vascular remodeling. Injury can alter not only cell proliferation and apoptosis but also homeostatic functions of the endothelium (including coagulation pathways, and production of growth factors and vasoactive agents). The cells comprising plexiform lesions are endothelial channels supported by a stroma containing matrix proteins and myofibroblasts. Endothelial cells express markers of angiogenesis, such as vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) and its receptors (5). In addition, cells comprising plexiform lesions of idiopathic PAH are monoclonal in origin (6). Therefore, although the lesions themselves are probably hemodynamically irrelevant, they may represent more than simply the result of severe elevation of intravascular pressures.
It has been suggested that the endothelial proliferation seen in these lesions may be a marker of a fundamental endothelial abnormality in idiopathic PAH, possibly playing a key role in the pathogenesis of the condition. Intriguing defects in growth suppressive genes have been reported in plexiform lesions of patients with idiopathic PAH, including transforming growth factor-beta (TGF-β) receptor-2 and the apoptosis-related gene, Bax (7). Thus, in approximately 30% of plexiform lesions there is a somatic frameshift mutation in the transforming growth factor-beta type-2 receptor (TGF-βR2) gene encoding a premature stop codon. Furthermore, in 90% of plexiform lesions the TGF-βR2 protein is not expressed, in contrast to the abundant expression in endothelial cells outside these lesions. Thus, it has been proposed that somatic mutations in growth regulatory genes allow clonal expansion of endothelial cells, that contribute to the formation of plexiform lesions and vascular obliteration (7). Human herpesvirus-8 infection may also contribute to the growth of monoclonal endothelial cells in plexiform lesions from patients with idiopathic PAH (8). These findings suggest that triggers, including vasculotropic viruses, can encourage the growth of endothelial cells by dysregulating cell growth or growth-factor signaling.
Inflammatory cells
Inflammatory mechanisms appear to play a significant role in some types of pulmonary hypertension including monocrotaline-induced cases in rats and PAH of various origins in humans including connective tissue diseases and human immunodeficiency virus infection (9). Interestingly, some patients with severe PAH associated with systemic lupus erythematosus have improved with immunosuppressive therapy, emphasizing the relevance of inflammation in this subset of patients (9). Patients with idiopathic PAH also have some immunological disturbances speaking in favor of a possible role for inflammation in the pathophysiology of this disease. Indeed, a subset of PAH patients have circulating autoantibodies including antinuclear antibodies, as well as elevated circulating levels of proinflammatory cytokines IL-1 and IL-6. Lung histology also revealed inflammatory infiltrates (macrophages and lymphocytes) in the range of plexiform lesions in severe PAH as well as an increased expression of chemokines RANTES and fractalkine (10). Further analysis of the role of inflammatory mechanisms is necessary to understand whether this component of the disease is relevant to its pathophysiology.
Platelets and thrombosis
Thrombotic lesions and platelet dysfunction are potentially important processes in PAH (11). In situ pulmonary artery thrombosis may be initiated or aggravated by abnormalities in the clotting cascade, the endothelial cells, or the platelets. Biologic evidence shows that intravascular coagulation is a continuous process in PAH patients, characterized by elevated plasma levels of fibrinopeptide A- and D-dimers. In addition, procoagulant activity and fibrinolytic function of the pulmonary endothelium are altered in PAH. This dysfunction is reflected by the demonstration of elevated plasma levels of von Willebrand factor and plasminogen activator inhibitor type-1. At the present time, it is widely accepted that the shear stress itself or injury of the lung vessels generates a thrombogenic surface with subsequent thrombotic lesions. Thus, it appears this prothrombotic diathesis is shared by many forms of pulmonary hypertension, and is not unique to PAH.
Moreover, an increasing body of evidence also suggests that enhanced interactions between platelets and the pulmonary artery wall may contribute to the functional and structural alterations of pulmonary vessels. Vascular abnormalities in PAH may lead to release by platelets of various procoagulant, vasoactive, and mitogenic mediators. Indeed, in addition to its role in coagulation, the platelet stores and releases important contributors to pulmonary vasoconstriction and remodeling such as thromboxane A2, platelet-activating factor, serotonin (5-hydroxytryptamine [5-HT]), platelet-derived growth factor (PDGF), TGF-β, and VEGF. In most cases, however, it remains unclear whether thrombosis and platelet dysfunction are causes or consequences of the disease (11).
Molecular mechanisms
Pulmonary vasoconstriction is believed to be an early component of the pulmonary hypertensive process. Excessive vasoconstriction has been related to abnormal function or expression of potassium channels, as well as to endothelial dysfunction (1,2). Endothelial dysfunction leads to chronically impaired production of vasodilators such as nitric oxide (NO) and prostacyclin along with prolonged overexpression of vasoconstrictors such as endothelin (ET)-1, which not only affect vascular tone, but also promote vascular remodeling and, therefore, represent logical pharmacological targets (Fig. 1). It appears that most stimuli that acutely enhance vasoconstriction ultimately also cause cell proliferation (e.g., K+ channel inhibition, ET-1).
Consequences of pulmonary artery endothelial cell dysfunction on pulmonary artery smooth muscle cell tone and proliferation. Dysfunctional pulmonary artery endothelial cells (blue)have a decreased production of prostacyclin and nitric oxide, with an increased production of endothelin-1-promoting vasoconstriction and proliferation of pulmonary artery smooth muscle cells (red).cAMP = cyclic adenosine monophosphate; cGMP = cyclic guanosine monophosphate; ET = endothelin; ETA= endothelin receptor A; ETB= endothelin receptor B; PDE5 = phosphodiesterase type 5.
Prostacyclin, vasoactive intestinal peptide, and NO
Prostacyclin (prostaglandin I2) is an important endogenous pulmonary vasodilator acting through activation of the cyclic adenosine monophosphate (cAMP)-dependent pathways. Prostacyclin also inhibits the proliferation of vascular smooth muscle cells and decreases platelet aggregation. Prostacyclin synthesis is decreased in endothelial cells from PAH patients. Analysis of urinary metabolites of prostacyclin showed a decrease in the amount of excreted 6-ketoprostaglandin F1α, a stable metabolite of prostacyclin, in patients with idiopathic PAH (12). Moreover, pulmonary endothelial cells of PAH patients are characterized by reduced expression of prostacyclin synthase (13), and prostacyclin therapy has been shown to improve hemodynamics, clinical status, and survival of patients displaying severe PAH.
Impaired endothelium-derived vasodilation is further supported by the demonstration of reduced NO synthase expression in pulmonary endothelial cells from PAH patients (14). A novel therapeutic strategy in PAH aims at increasing NO-dependent, cyclic guanosine monophosphate-mediated pulmonary vasodilation by inhibition of the breakdown of cyclic guanosine monophosphate by phosphodiesterase type-5. In a small group of PAH patients, sildenafil has been shown to be safe and effective on a chronic basis (15).
Vasoactive intestinal peptide (VIP), a neuropeptide primarily functioning as a neurotransmitter, acts as a potent systemic and pulmonary vasodilator. It also inhibits the proliferation of vascular smooth muscle cells and decreases platelet aggregation; VIP acts through two receptor subtypes (VPAC-1 and -2), which are coupled to adenylate cyclase and expressed in the lung vasculature (16). Stimulation of VPAC receptors leads to the activation of the cAMP and cyclic guanosine monophosphate (cGMP) systems. Low serum concentrations and decreased VIP immunoreactivity were shown in pulmonary arteries from patients with idiopathic PAH. In addition, higher expression of VIP receptors and elevated specific receptor binding activity in pulmonary artery smooth muscle cells from idiopathic PAH was demonstrated, which presumably reflects VIP deficiency. Acute and chronic responses to inhaled VIP have been recently demonstrated in a small number of PAH patients (16).
Through its action on the endothelin receptor A (ETA) in pulmonary artery smooth muscle cells, ET-1 leads to a rapid increase in intracellular calcium and sustained activation of protein kinase C. Early activation of the p42/p44 isoforms of mitogen-activated protein kinase and induction of the early growth response genes c-fosand c-junare also observed (2). The mitogenic action of ET-1 on pulmonary artery smooth muscle cells occurs through the ETAor endothelin receptor B (ETB) subtype, depending on the anatomic location of cells. For instance, ETAmediate mitogenesis in cells derived from the main pulmonary artery, whereas in cells from resistance arteries both receptor subtypes may contribute. There is strong evidence that endothelium-derived ET-1 is a major player in the vasodilator/vasoconstrictor imbalance characteristic of PAH. Levels of lung and circulating ET-1 are increased in animals and patients with pulmonary hypertension of various etiologies (17). These observations indicate that ET-1 is likely to contribute to the vasoactive component of PAH, as well as to the abnormal pulmonary vascular remodeling characteristic of the condition. Results of chronic ET receptor antagonist therapy support the relevance of this pathway in PAH.
Lessons relevant to PAH can be learned from understanding the mechanism of hypoxic pulmonary vasoconstriction, although PAH also involves cell proliferation and abnormalities of apoptosis (18). Hypoxic pulmonary vasoconstriction is elicited when hypoxia inhibits one or more voltage-gated potassium channels (Kv) in the pulmonary artery smooth muscle cells of resistance pulmonary arteries (Fig. 2). The resulting membrane depolarization increases the opening of voltage-gated calcium channels, raising cytosolic calcium and initiating constriction. The Kv1.5 is downregulated in pulmonary artery smooth muscle cells in humans with PAH (19), and both Kv1.5 and Kv2.1 are downregulated in rats with chronic hypoxia-induced pulmonary hypertension (20).
The balance of tone in pulmonary artery smooth muscle cells. Activity of voltage-gated potassium channels (Kv) in the smooth muscle cells of resistance pulmonary arteries affects vascular tone. In pulmonary arterial hypertension, the selective loss of Kv channels such as Kv1.5 leads to pulmonary artery smooth muscle cell depolarization, an increase in the intracellular calcium, and both vasoconstriction and cell proliferation.
Furthermore, deoxyribonucleic acid microarray studies have shown downregulation Kv channel genes in PAH lungs (21). The selective loss of these Kv channels leads to pulmonary artery smooth muscle cell depolarization, an increase in the intracellular calcium, and both vasoconstriction and cell proliferation. It is not clear whether these Kv channel abnormalities are genetically determined or acquired. However, it is clear that the appetite suppressants dexfenfluramine and aminorex directly inhibit Kv1.5 and Kv2.1 (22). Augmenting Kv pathways should cause pulmonary vasodilation and promote regression of pulmonary remodeling. Drugs including dichloroacetate and sildenafil may enhance the expression and function of these potassium channels. Most of the hemodynamic effects of NO are mediated by cGMP, which causes vasodilation by activating protein kinase G, which phosphorylates and activates BKCAchannels, as one of several mechanisms by which it lowers cytosolic calcium.
In PAH, circulating serotonin levels are elevated, whereas the level in platelets, the major repository of serotonin (5-hydroxytryptamine [5-HT]), is low (23). 5-Hydroxytryptamine is produced by the gastrointestinal tract enterochromaffin cells and pulmonary neuroepithelial bodies and stored in platelets. A role for 5-HT has been suggested in PAH (23,24). First, a correlation between high plasma 5-HT levels and PAH was observed in a patient with congenital thrombocytopathy characterized by a defect in the platelet 5-HT storage capacities. Subsequently, elevated plasma 5-HT levels were demonstrated in a series of PAH patients (23). This could not be corrected by lung transplantation or epoprostenol therapy, indicating that raised plasma 5-HT cannot be the mere consequence of elevated pulmonary pressure (23). In the 1960s, an association between PAH and the anorexigen aminorex was identified. Aminorex induces platelet 5-HT release and inhibits monoamine oxidase, potentially inhibiting its metabolism, thus increasing plasma 5-HT levels. More recently, it was shown that exposure to fenfluramine derivatives increased the risk of developing PAH. By interacting with the 5-HT transporter (5-HTT), these anorexigens release 5-HT from platelets and inhibit its reuptake and raise circulating free 5-HT. Additionally, treatment of rats with 5-HT potentiates the effects of hypoxia on pulmonary arterial pressure and remodeling. The mechanism by which 5-HT affects the pulmonary vasculature is still a matter of debate (Fig. 3).
Serotonin receptors and transporter in pulmonary artery smooth muscle cells. The 5-hydroxytryptamine transporter (5-HTT) expression, activity, or both in pulmonary artery smooth muscle cells contribute to pulmonary vascular remodeling. The 5-HT1Bmediates contraction in human pulmonary artery smooth muscle cells. A role for other 5-hydroxytryptamine (5-HT) receptors such as 5-HT2Aand 5-HT2Bhas also been suggested.
The 5-HTT expression, activity, or both in pulmonary artery smooth muscle cells contribute to the pulmonary vascular remodeling occurring in both clinical and experimental PAH (24); 5-HTT is encoded by a single gene on chromosome 17q11.2, and a variant in the upstream promoter region of the 5-HTT gene has been described. This polymorphism with long (L) and short (S) forms affects 5-HTT expression and function with the L-allele inducing a greater rate of 5-HTT gene transcription than the S-allele. The L-allelic variant was found to be present in homozygous forms in 65% of idiopathic PAH patients but only in 27% of controls (25). Moreover the 5-HTT gene polymorphism contributes to interindividual differences in hypoxia-induced 5-HTT expression and potentially affects susceptibility to hypoxic pulmonary hypertension (26). Mice overexpressing the 5-HTT gene exhibit spontaneous pulmonary hypertension in absence of hypoxia (and exaggerated pulmonary hypertension after hypoxic exposure) (27). Finally, recent studies have shown that selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors protect against hypoxic pulmonary hypertension in mice (28).
In human large pulmonary arteries, the 5-HT1receptor mediates 5-HT–induced contraction. Further investigation identified the 5-HT1Bas that mediating contraction in human small muscular pulmonary arteries (29). In addition, there is an increase in the expression of the 5-HT1Breceptor in PAH. Contractile responses to 5-HT in the rat pulmonary circulation are mediated by the 5-HT2Areceptor in control rats, but in chronic hypoxic pulmonary hypertensive rats the response is increased, and this is mediated by the 5-HT1Breceptor. Molecular studies confirmed that messenger ribonucleic acid (mRNA) for the 5-HT1Breceptor is increased in these vessels. Converging evidence that the 5-HT1Breceptor may be involved in the development of hypoxia-induced PAH comes from studies using the 5-HT1B/1Dantagonist and studies in the 5-HT1Breceptor knockout mouse (30). Development of right ventricular hypertrophy, and enhanced vasoconstriction to 5-HT1-receptor stimulation, is absent in chronic hypoxic pulmonary hypertensive 5-HT1Bknockout mice compared with their wild-type controls, and pulmonary vascular remodeling is markedly reduced.
A role for other 5-HT receptors such as 5-HT2Bhas been suggested. The 5-HT2Breceptor is activated by nordexfenfluramine, the active dexfenfluramine metabolite. Interestingly, development of chronic hypoxic pulmonary hypertension is ablated in 5-HT2Breceptor knockout mice, and the 5-HT2Breceptor transcript is increased in idiopathic PAH patients (31). An interesting link between the K+channel hypothesis and the role of serotonin is the finding that K+channel inhibitors cause serotonin release and inhibit K+currents in megakaryocytes (32). Moreover, the anorexigens, which inhibit serotonin reuptake and cause serotonin release, are K+channel blockers (22). This led to the hypothesis that chronic depolarization of platelets and pulmonary artery smooth muscle cells could lead to a vasconstricted, pro-proliferative, serotoninemic phenotype.
The TGF-β superfamily is composed of multifunctional mediators, including the TGF-β isoforms (TGF-β1–3), the bone morphogenetic proteins (BMPs), activins, and growth and differentiation factors (33,34). The TGF-β superfamily has diverse roles in a wide variety of physiological processes (Fig. 4). Germline mutations in the gene coding for BMP type-II receptor (BMPR2) have been identified in 60% of familial PAH and 10% to 30% of idiopathic PAH (35–37). The absence of BMPR2mutations in some families and in the majority of sporadic and associated cases suggests that there may be further genes, possibly related to the BMP/TGF-β pathway, to be identified. Indeed, mutations in the TGF-β receptors, ALK-1 and endoglin, have been identified in PAH patients with a personal or family history of hereditary hemorrhagic telangiectasia (38,39).
Potential roles of transforming growth factor-beta (TGF-β) superfamily in vascular remodeling. The TGF-β superfamily has diverse roles in a wide variety of physiological processes, including cell proliferation, differentiation, immunity, and inflammation. BMP = bone morphogenetic protein; GDF = growth and differentiation factor.
The BMPR-IIBMPR2> is a constitutively active serine/threonine kinase receptor, signaling via formation of heterocomplexes with one of three type-I receptors (ALK-3/BMPR-IA, ALK-6/BMPR-IB or ALK-2) in response to ligand. The main ligands identified for BMPR-II are BMP2, BMP4, BMP7, GDF5, and GDF6. The BMPR-II phosphorylates a glycine-serine–rich domain on the proximal intracellular portion of the associated type-I receptor. Activation of the type-I receptor kinase domain initiates phosphorylation of cytoplasmic signaling via the Smad family of proteins. The BMPs signal via a specific set of Smad proteins (Smad1, Smad5, and Smad8) termed “Receptor activated” or R-Smads, which complex with the common partner Smad or Co-Smad, Smad4, to allow translocation of this signaling complex to the nucleus where they can regulate gene transcription. However, Smads bind only weakly to DNA and require the presence of transcriptional co-activators or co-repressors.
There are multiple levels at which BMP signaling is regulated, including the presence of endogenous inhibitors of BMP-receptor interactions (chordin, noggin, and BAMBI), the formation of specific type-II/type-I receptor heterocomplexes, the activation of inhibitory Smads (I-Smads, Smad6, and Smad7), and the cell-specific expression of transcription factors. Such diverse levels of regulation may be responsible for the tissue specificity of BMP signaling and may, for example, underlie the lung specificity of PAH. Human pulmonary artery smooth muscle cells and endothelial cells express a wide range of TGF-β superfamily receptors, including BMPR-II and BMPR-IB, and bind 125I-TGF-β and 125I-BMP4.
Furthermore, activation of these receptors by BMPs leads to phosphorylation of Smad1 and induction of mRNAs for Smad6 and Smad7. Although signaling via Smads is well characterized, there is increasing evidence that MAP kinases, including ERK, p38MAPK, and JNK kinases, are activated in specific cell types by TGF-β and BMPs (33). It appears that in some cases the p38 kinase pathway can bypass the Smad pathway and mediate some of the BMPR2pathway effects on nuclear transcription and apoptosis. Recent evidence suggests that abnormal activation of alternative signaling pathways may be critical to the pathogenesis of PAH (40).
The critical role of the BMP pathway in vascular development is evident from studies in knockout mice. Homozygosity for a null mutation in BMPR2is lethal during early embryogenesis (41), and mice deficient in Smad5, one of the BMP-restricted Smads, die owing to defects in angiogenesis, with failure to recruit vascular smooth muscle to endothelial structures. The net result of TGF-β signaling on vascular growth and structure is complex. Whether the TGF-β superfamily inhibits or promotes cell proliferation is highly context-specific.
In situ hybridization and immunohistochemical studies have demonstrated that both BMPR-II mRNA and protein are present predominantly on the pulmonary vascular endothelium, macrophages, and to a lesser extent on medial smooth muscle cells (42). Lung BMPR-II protein expression is dramatically reduced in patients harboring an underlying BMPR2mutation predicted to cause truncation of the protein (42). In addition, BMPR-II expression is markedly reduced in PAH cases in which no BMPR2mutation was identified (41). A small but significant reduction was also observed in cases of secondary pulmonary hypertension. Reduced BMPR-II expression was specific for this receptor because no change was observed in the level of expression of other endothelial markers, including CD31. These findings stress the importance of understanding how other environmental and genetic factors regulate the expression of BMPR-II in lung cells. Thus, further characterization of the regulation of BMPR-II expression is likely to add to our understanding of exogenous factors influencing BMPR-II transcription and may provide important clues as to why the vascular abnormality is restricted to the lung, particularly as BMPR-II is widely expressed in normal adult tissues.
A recently published study has provided further support for the hypothesis that intact BMP signaling is important for the maintenance of the normal pulmonary vasculature (43). In this study the type-I receptor BMPR-IA was downregulated in the lung tissue of a heterogeneous group of patients with pulmonary hypertension. Furthermore, investigators showed a reciprocal relationship between BMPR-IA expression and that of angiopoietin-1, and they demonstrated that angiopoietin-1 downregulates BMPR-IA expression in human pulmonary artery endothelial cells (43).
Additionally, BMP2, -4, and -7 inhibit the proliferation of smooth muscle cells derived from normal pulmonary arteries and from PAH patients with congenital heart diseases, but they fail to suppress proliferation of cells from patients with idiopathic or familial PAH (43). An attractive hypothesis is that a failure of the growth inhibitory effects of BMPs in idiopathic or familial PAH cells could contribute to the vascular obliteration and remodeling that characterize the condition. The failure to suppress growth of idiopathic or familial PAH cells was observed in all cases, whether or not specific BMPR2mutations were identified, suggesting that defective BMP-mediated signaling may be a common factor in idiopathic or familial PAH. The mechanism by which BMPR2mutations disrupt BMPR-II signaling has begun to be elucidated (Fig. 5) (40,44,45). Interestingly, a feature common to all mutants is a gain of function involving p38MAPKactivation.
Consequences of bone morphogenetic protein type-II receptor (BMPR2) mutations on signaling. Mutation analysis demonstrated that some BMPR2 mutations occur within exon 1 of the gene and would be predicted to cause nonsense-mediated messenger ribonucleic acid decay and failure to express the mutant protein, resulting in haploinsufficiency. Although this finding may be true for some mutations, it was also found in transfected cells that mutations involving the ligand binding or kinase domain of BMPR-II could exert a dominant negative effect on BMPR-II signaling via the Smad pathway. The mechanism by which BMPR-II mutants disrupt BMP/Smad signaling is heterogeneous, and mutation specific. Thus, substitution of cysteine residues within the ligand binding or kinase domain of BMPR-II leads to failure of trafficking of the mutant protein to the cell surface, which may interfere with wild-type receptor trafficking. In contrast, noncysteine mutations within the kinase domain reach the cell surface but fail to activate a Smad-responsive luciferase reporter gene. Interestingly, BMPR-II mutants with missense mutations involving the cytoplasmic tail reached the cell surface but were still capable of activating the Smad-responsive luciferase reporter gene. However, a feature common to all mutants transfected into normal mouse epithelial cells was ligand-independent activation of p38MAPKand enhanced serum-induced proliferation. Based on the results of these studies it was hypothesized that reduced cell-surface expression of BMPR-II favors activation of p38MAPK-dependent pro-proliferative pathways, while inhibiting Smad-dependent signaling in a mutation-specific manner. Thus, a feature common to all mutants is a gain of function involving p38MAPKactivation.
In pulmonary artery smooth muscle cells from patients with idiopathic PAH, TGF-β1 causes enhanced cell proliferation in contrast to the growth inhibitory effect observed in normal cells (43). This is not due to alterations in TGF-β1 receptor ratios or downregulation of TGF-β1 type-II receptor (44). Transforming growth factor-beta is also known to increase production of extracellular matrix. In human lung fibroblasts, TGF-β increases elastin expression by stabilization of elastin mRNA, and thus it is possible that increased elastin expression observed in PAH may be due to alterations in this pathway. Although studies from other cell types have found TGF-β to induce collagen production, no correlation has been found between procollagen and TGF-β staining in lungs of PAH patients (46). The TGF-β superfamily may regulate the activity of other factors implicated in vascular remodeling. The TGF-β1 induces ET-1 in human pulmonary artery cells probably via activation of protein kinase A (47). Connective tissue growth factor production can also be stimulated by TGF-β in pulmonary fibroblasts (48). Clearly much remains to be learned of the interaction of the TGF-β/BMP pathway with other factors already demonstrated to play important roles in the control of vascular tone and growth.
Angiogenesis and apoptosis
Vascular endothelial growth factor is an endothelial-cell-specific-angiogenic mitogen acting via two high-affinity tyrosine kinase receptors (VEGFR-1 and VEGFR-2). Although the physiological role of the abundantly expressed VEGF in the lung is unknown, it has been proposed that VEGF supports pulmonary endothelial cell maintenance and survival. In PAH, the VEGF expression is increased within the pulmonary vasculature, including the plexiform lesions (5,49). Although the isoform VEGF-A has been most extensively studied in the context of pulmonary hypertension and has been proposed to play a protective role, a recent study identified a pathogenic role for VEGF-B.
In contrast to VEGF-A, the VEGF-B appears to exacerbate remodeling as VEGF-B knockout mice (VEGF-B−/−) exposed to chronic hypoxia exhibit significantly less pulmonary vascular remodeling compared with wild-type mice (VEGF-B+/+) (50). Recent animal studies have emphasized the positive effects of VEGF in models of pulmonary hypertension (51). Indeed, cell-based VEGF gene transfer has proved an effective method of preventing the development and progression of pulmonary hypertension in the monocrotaline model (51). Vascular endothelial growth factor would minimize progression of the disease by preventing loss of existing vessels or by inducing the development of new blood vessels within the lung (51).
In idiopathic PAH, VEGFR-1 expression is increased, whereas within the plexiform lesions it is VEGFR-2 that is expressed (52). In rats, it has been shown that the combination of chronic blockade of VEGFR-2 and chronic hypoxia could cause pulmonary endothelial cell dysfunction and cell death, allowing the selection of an apoptosis-resistant proliferating endothelial cell phenotype and the subsequent development of severe pulmonary hypertension (53). Because endothelial cell death, cell proliferation, and the development of severe pulmonary hypertension could be blocked by a broad-spectrum caspase inhibitor, it appeared that the selection of an apoptosis-resistant endothelial cell phenotype might be the critical event responsible for pulmonary artery endothelial cell proliferation (53). Therefore, apoptosis of endothelial cells may underlie the propensity to vascular disease (53).
Various other growth factors including PDGF, basic fibroblast growth factor, insulin-like growth factor-1, and epidermal growth factor have also been implicated in the development of remodeling and all have been reported to be increased in the pulmonary hypertensive lung. The mechanism that leads to induction of these growth factors in the pulmonary vasculature is unclear, though reactive oxygen species have been implicated because hydrogen peroxide induces PDGF expression in human pulmonary endothelial cells, as does hypoxia and mechanical stretch and shear stress.
Angiopoietin-1 is an angiogenic factor essential for lung vascular development (43). Produced by smooth-muscle cells and precursor pericytes, angiopoietin-1 stabilizes the development of blood vessels by recruiting muscle cells, through migration and division, to endothelial tubes, creating mature arterial structures. The receptor for angiopoietin-1, TIE2, is present only on vascular endothelium. The ligand-receptor interaction between angiopoietin-1 secreted by smooth-muscle cells and endothelium-specific TIE2 during organ development induces the proliferation of muscle cells around the endothelium vascular network.
After development is completed, angiopoietin-1 is expressed at a minimally detectable level in the human lung. Recent studies attempted to analyze the putative role of angiopoietin-1 in pulmonary hypertension, but they reached entirely antithetical conclusions (43,54,55). The findings by Du and colleagues (43)suggest that all forms of nonfamilial pulmonary hypertension are characterized by upregulation of angiopoietin-1 and phosphorylated TIE2, correlating directly with the severity of the disease. A mechanistic link between familial PAH and acquired pulmonary hypertension was supported by the finding that angiopoietin-1 shuts off the expression of BMPR1A, a transmembrane protein required for BMPR2signaling, in pulmonary arteriolar endothelial cells (43). Interestingly, rodents engineered to express angiopoietin-1 in the lung develop pulmonary hypertension (54). These animals manifest diffuse medial thickening in small pulmonary vessels, resulting from smooth muscle cell hyperplasia.
In addition, angiopoietin-1 stimulates pulmonary arteriolar endothelial cells through a TIE2 pathway to produce and secrete 5-HT (54). These revelations suggest that pulmonary hypertensive vasculopathy occurs through an angiopoietin-1/TIE2/5-HT paracrine pathway and imply that these signaling molecules may be targets for strategies to treat this disease.
By contrast, Zhao et al. (55)have demonstrated that angiopoetin-1 may have a protective role in at least some forms of pulmonary hypertension. In their study, cell-based gene transfer with angiopoietin-1 improved survival and pulmonary hemodynamics in monocrotaline-exposed rats by a mechanism involving the inhibition of apoptosis and protection of the pulmonary microvasculature (55). These two approaches of the role of angiopoietin-1 in PAH reflect distinct views on the mechanisms leading to the disease. On the one hand, the investigators assume that the primary cellular defect contributing to the disease is smooth muscle cell hyperplasia, and that this is mediated by excess angiopoietin-1. On the other hand, it is hypothesized that endothelial apoptosis underlies disease progression, and that this can be prevented by administration of angiopoietin-1. At the present time one cannot conclude whether angiopoietin-1 is the cause or the cure of PAH, but more data are required to evaluate the angiopoietin-1/TIE2 pathway in this condition (56).
Evidence that proteolysis of the extracellular matrix may be important in the pathobiology of pulmonary vascular disease came from observations of degradation of elastin in pulmonary arteries from patients with a congenital heart defect and pulmonary vascular disease (57). These studies were supported by work in a variety of rat models of pulmonary hypertension (hypoxia, monocrotaline) in which heightened activity of elastase in the pulmonary arteries was documented as a very early feature after the injurious stimulus (57). Subsequent studies showed that infusion of elastase inhibitors suppressed the disease process (58,59). It was then shown that serum factors could induce the production of an endogenous vascular elastase from smooth muscle cells and that the mechanism appeared to involve MAP kinase activity and nuclear partitioning of the transcription factor AML1 (60). This is a transcription factor for neutrophil elastase and a putative transcription factor for endogenous vascular elastase, based on studies using antisense blockade of AML1 to repress elastase activity.
Moreover, repression of nuclear partitioning of AML1 as well as repression of phosphorylation of Erk (a member of the MAP kinase family) was achieved with NO donors, and this also repressed elastase activity (61). Suppression of 5-HT receptors repressed elastase activity and TGF-β in chronic hypoxia. Also, to be further investigated is the relationship between BMPR-II and the induction of elastase activity. Hypothetically, it has been proposed that BMPR-II induces Smadl/5 interaction with AML1, thus preventing its interaction with Smad4 and repressing its ability to partner with other transcription factors and to induce elastase activity. Conversely, a mutation in BMPR-II would result in derepression of AML1 and induction of elastase and other AML1-dependent genes.
Evidence from the published data indicates that serine elastases activate MMPs and also repress tissue inhibitors of MMPs. In other injury models, elastase activity has been shown to precede MMP activity and is responsible for its induction. In the monocrotaline model, an elevation in elastase activity is seen on day 2 after injection of the toxin, whereas MMP activity is not increased until day 21. Both MMPs and elastases can degrade most components of the matrix in addition to elastin and collagen. Degradation of collagen leads to ligation of β3 integrins activation of the MAP kinase pathway and transcription of tenascin C. This glycoprotein cooperatively interacts with growth factors such as epidermal growth factor in inducing smooth muscle cell proliferation. Repression of this pathway by elastase inhibitors has been shown in cell and organ culture and in whole animals to induce apoptosis of smooth muscle cells, and regression of severe vascular disease (58,59).
It is clear that PAH has a multifactorial pathobiology, and it is unlikely that one factor or gene mutation will explain all forms and cases of PAH (Fig. 6). However, the current understanding of the mechanisms underlying PAH has allowed the rapid development of drugs including prostacyclin, endothelin receptor antagonists, and phosphodiesterase inhibitors. Our improved understanding of additional pathways in this condition will presumably lead to the development of novel therapeutic strategies in the near future, such as ion channel replacement therapy or cell-based therapies, using bone marrow precursor cells.
Schematic view of pulmonary arterial hypertension (PAH) pathophysiology. Pulmonary arterial hypertension has a multifactorial pathobiology, and it is unlikely that one factor or gene mutation will explain all forms and cases of PAH.
bone morphogenetic proteins
endothelin
5-HT
5-hydroxytryptamine
TGF-β
transforming growth factor-beta
TGF-βR2
transforming growth factor-beta type-2 receptor
vasoactive intestinal peptide
Received January 7, 2004.
Accepted February 3, 2004.
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(2003) Angiopoietin-1 and pulmonary hypertension: Cause or cure? Circ Res 92:947–949.
Rabinovitch M
(1998) Elastase and the pathobiology of unexplained pulmonary hypertension. Chest 114:213S–224S.
Cowan K.N,
Jones P.L,
(2000) Elastase and matrix metalloproteinase inhibitors induce regression, and tenascin-C antisense prevents progression, of vascular disease. J Clin Invest 105:21–34.
Heilbut A,
Humpl T,
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(2000) Complete reversal of fatal pulmonary hypertension in rats by a serine elastase inhibitor. Nat Med 6:698–702.
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(1998) AML1-like transcription factor induces serine elastase activity in ovine pulmonary artery smooth muscle cells. Circ Res 10:252–263.
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(2000) Nitric oxide reduces vascular smooth muscle cell elastase activity through cGMP-mediated suppression of ERK phosphorylation and AML1B nuclear partitioning. FASEB J 14:805–814.
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In : Men
The man dictionary
"IT'S A GUY THING"
Translated: "There is no rational thought pattern connected
with it, and you have no chance at all of making it logical."
"CAN I HELP WITH DINNER?"
Translated: "Why isn't it already on the table?"
"UH HUH," "SURE, HONEY," OR "YES, DEAR"
Translated: Absolutely nothing. It's a conditioned response.
"IT WOULD TAKE TOO LONG TO EXPLAIN"
Translated: "I have no idea how it works."
"I WAS LISTENING TO YOU. IT'S JUST
THAT I HAVE THINGS ON MY MIND."
Translated: "That girl standing on the
corner is a real babe."
"TAKE A BREAK HONEY, YOU'RE WORKING TOO HARD."
Translated: "I can't hear the game over the vacuum cleaner."
"THAT'S INTERESTING, DEAR."
Translated: "Are you still talking?"
"YOU KNOW HOW BAD MY MEMORY IS."
Translated: "I remember the theme song to 'F Troop', the
address of the first girl I ever kissed, and the vehicle
identification numbers of every car I've ever
owned, but I forgot your birthday."
"I WAS JUST THINKING ABOUT YOU,
AND GOT YOU THESE ROSES."
Translated: "The girl selling them on the
corner was a real babe."
"OH, DON'T FUSS - I JUST CUT MYSELF,
IT'S NO BIG DEAL."
Translated: "I have actually severed a limb,
but will bleed to death before I admit that I'm hurt."
"I CAN'T FIND IT."
Translated: "It didn't fall into my outstretched
hands, so I'm completely clueless."
"WHAT DID I DO THIS TIME?"
Translated: "What did you catch me at?"
"I HEARD YOU."
Translated: "I haven't the foggiest clue what
you just said, and am hoping desperately that I can fake it
well enough so that you don't spend the next three days yelling at me."
"YOU KNOW I COULD NEVER LOVE ANYONE ELSE."
Translated: "I am used to the way you yell at me,
and realize it could be worse."
"YOU LOOK TERRIFIC."
Translated: "Oh, God, please don't try on one
more outfit, I'm starving."
"I'M NOT LOST. I KNOW EXACTLY WHERE WE ARE."
Translated: "No one will ever see us alive again."
[url=http://www.openjokes.com][b]The man dictionary [/b][br]"IT'S A GUY THING" [br] Translated: "There is no rational thought pattern connected [br] with it, and you have no chance at all of making it logical." [br] [br] "CAN I HELP WITH DINNER?" [br] Translated: "Why isn't it already on the table?" [br] [br] "UH HUH," "SURE, HONEY," OR "YES, DEAR" [br] Translated: Absolutely nothing. It's a conditioned response. [br] [br] "IT WOULD TAKE TOO LONG TO EXPLAIN" [br] Translated: "I have no idea how it works." [br] [br] "I WAS LISTENING TO YOU. IT'S JUST [br] THAT I HAVE THINGS ON MY MIND." [br] Translated: "That girl standing on the [br] corner is a real babe." [br] [br] "TAKE A BREAK HONEY, YOU'RE WORKING TOO HARD." [br] Translated: "I can't hear the game over the vacuum cleaner." [br] [br] "THAT'S INTERESTING, DEAR." [br] Translated: "Are you still talking?" [br] [br] "YOU KNOW HOW BAD MY MEMORY IS." [br] Translated: "I remember the theme song to 'F Troop', the [br] address of the first girl I ever kissed, and the vehicle [br] identification numbers of every car I've ever [br] owned, but I forgot your birthday." [br] [br] "I WAS JUST THINKING ABOUT YOU, [br] AND GOT YOU THESE ROSES." [br] Translated: "The girl selling them on the [br] corner was a real babe." [br] [br] "OH, DON'T FUSS - I JUST CUT MYSELF, [br] IT'S NO BIG DEAL." [br] Translated: "I have actually severed a limb, [br] but will bleed to death before I admit that I'm hurt." [br] [br] "I CAN'T FIND IT." [br] Translated: "It didn't fall into my outstretched[br] hands, so I'm completely clueless." [br] [br] "WHAT DID I DO THIS TIME?" [br] Translated: "What did you catch me at?" [br] [br] "I HEARD YOU." [br] Translated: "I haven't the foggiest clue what [br] you just said, and am hoping desperately that I can fake it [br] well enough so that you don't spend the next three days yelling at me." [br] [br] "YOU KNOW I COULD NEVER LOVE ANYONE ELSE." [br] Translated: "I am used to the way you yell at me, [br] and realize it could be worse." [br] [br] "YOU LOOK TERRIFIC." [br] Translated: "Oh, God, please don't try on one[br] more outfit, I'm starving." [br] [br] "I'M NOT LOST. I KNOW EXACTLY WHERE WE ARE." [br] Translated: "No one will ever see us alive again." [br] [br] [br]Added By Guest[br]More Pictures & Videos Visit [url=http://www.openjokes.com]OpenJokes.com[/url][/url]
manfunnytextlife
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The man dictionary \n "IT'S A GUY THING"
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**Watch Movie On Amazon**
Ride the Thunder makes Oscar Qualifying List for Academy Awards
by Tami Jackson | Press
The Academy of Motion Picture Arts and Sciences has released its list of feature documentaries submitted for consideration for the 88th Academy Awards. The shortlist of 15 films will be announced in December, but many of the hopefuls haven’t had their Oscar-qualifying...
Rich Botkin on Scot Jones’ Show
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Scott Jones, whose show can be heard on The 405 Media, invited Ride the Thunder book author/Executive Producer Rich Botkin on for an encore interview. Ride the Thunder movie was extended for another week in the Dallas/Ft. Worth are (see theaters and times here), and...
Richard Botkin on the Mark Davis Show
Today (Wednesday, November 4) Ride the Thunder Executive Producer and Author, Richard Botkin, was a guest on The Mark Davis Show 66O AM The Answer in the Dallas/Ft. Worth Metroplex. Mark Davis has become one of the most successful radio talk show hosts in America. ...
Vietnam War: Misreported and Misremembered
First published at News Blaze By Nurit Greenger “No event in American history is more misunderstood than the Vietnam War. It was misreported then, and it is misremembered now.” – President Richard M. Nixon, 1985. About the War The Vietnam War, fought...
Soldier of Fortune Reviews Ride the Thunder
First published at Soldier of Fortune American soldiers weren’t the only ones performing heroically in the jungles of Vietnam. Vietnamese Marines, with their U.S. Marine advisers, were also there. This uncelebrated part of a turbulent war is the focus of “Ride the...
All Content © 2015 Ride The Thunder Movie.
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Abstract Paintings (recent work)
Heads (recent work)
Hitchcock Series
Bern Series
Intimate Lighting and Bath Series
Field Mouse Series
Straight Edge and Step Paintings
Apollo Paintings
Early Abstraction
From Robert Natkin, A Retrospective: 1952-1996. Exhibition catalogue, The Butler Institute of American Art, Youngstown, Ohio, 1997
In 1974, a Natkin exhibit at the Holburne of Menstrie Museum in Bath, England was to be accompanied by a catalogue consisting entirely of black and white plates. The decision to reproduce only in black and white, although initially the result of financial constraints, had an enormous effect on Natkin’s aesthetic growth. The artist, determined not to compromise on the quality of his catalogue reproductions, resolved to paint black and white canvases for his show.
The rich but hushed palette of the Bath paintings was not simply a result of the artist’s attempt to financial compromise. The muted, grainy surfaces of theses canvases evoke visions of the worn stone walls, archways, and facades of the buildings of Bath, whose beauty had struck the painter during several trips to the city prior to that of the museum exhibition.
Natkin, despite a lifelong love affair with color, has always been a strong proponent of the notion “black and white as color” even referring reverentially to the painter Franz Kline, known for his bold monochromatic canvases, as a “colorist.” As Natkin points out, Kline’s black and white works, despite their lack of obviously defined chroma, resonate with a full spectrum of tones and sensuous undertones of color. The seemingly limited palette of Natkin’s Bath paintings liberated the artist, allowing him to concentrate more than ever on the skin of the canvas. His Bath paintings, like Natkin’s earlier Intimate Lighting series, are spare and highly atmospheric. No longer visible are the fecund shapes, the swells and clusters of forms of the Field Mouse paintings. Unfettered by what Natkin calls “object traffic”, texture and illumination dominate the works of the Bath series.
Natkin is able to achieve this softly-textured surface through the use of sponges and rags to which he applies paint and then gently pats and presses against the canvas. The result is what Natkin has referred to as an “all-over vibrato of light”. His own highly-personal version of Seurat’s pointillism and Paul Klee’s dense positioning of modulated painted dots, visible in such works as Klee’s “Equals Infinity” (1932).
Natkin was soon to learn that, despite his earnest attempts to economize on the cost of a catalogue through the “banishing” of obvious color, these black and white canvases were, in fact, the most difficult of his work to reproduce faithfully. Although seemingly restricted to black, white, and grey, the Bath paintings are based on an expansive palette of warm as well as cool tints of these three basic colors. In addition, the artist often applied his muted tones upon “color ghosts”, canvases already covered with colored bases, subtle green, soft blues, or pale yellows.
Natkin subsequently began introducing more obvious hue into the Bath canvases; hence the emergence of the Color Bath paintings. The series continued to evolve as Natkin began to organize the diaphanous, textural surfaces of the Bath and Color Bath paintings into subtly interwoven, vertically-organized bands. The resulting canvases, with their curtain-like folds and gauzy ripples, belong to the Bath Apollo series.
- Leda Natkin Nelis
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Our Showcase
Previous ArticleSpiders
Next ArticleBlessings
NICK FERRIS reviews Idris Elba’s first feature as a director.
Told through a nostalgic haze of Ganja smoke and reggae beats, Idris Elba’s directorial debut is a story of childhood psychological trauma seen through the scope of an Afro-Caribbean experience of redemption. Yardie’s first sequence shows protagonist Dennis (Aml Ameen) recalling the mantra that in life one can either follow the path of the good or the path of the damned. Much of what follows this reflection revolves around Dennis’ struggle to figure out on which of these two paths he belongs.
Dennis’ life is influenced by two interrelated but conflicting ideas: love and respect for his reggae-loving, peace-campaigning brother, Jerry Dread, and a desire for revenge and violence stemming from Jerry’s murder on the streets of Kingston as a child. Travelling from Jamaica to England in the early ’80s we witness the dread-locked, street-smart small-timer in sunny Kingston transform into a hardened lone-wolf fighting amongst the gangs of dark and rainy South London as he seeks out his brother’s murderer. The film’s greatest achievement lies in the humanity and empathy its characters successfully convey. This is largely thanks to the presence of Dennis’ partner, Yvonne (Shantol Jackson), who embodies the major counterpoint to the protagonist’s morally questionable activity.
Aml Ameen as Dennis. Photo courtesy of Alex Bailey.
Yet Yardie is, unfortunately, a problematic piece of cinema. Elba’s lack of experience is evident in the film’s various narrative and structural flaws. The plot unfolds in such a way that scenes seem to pile up on top of each other without a cohesive, realistic progression. Moments requiring gravitas are not provided with the necessary depth of development, while seemingly unimportant or incongruous events are inexplicably filled with drama and tension. One is left wondering if some early scenes which could have aided the audience’s understanding of the characters and events might well have been cut out by an overzealous editor.
Motifs of ghosts and leering gangsters appear, disappear, and reappear in ways that no longer seem to make sense or have any relevance to the story. The particulars of Dennis and Yvonne’s relationship are rushed over – it is unclear what the true nature of their bond is, how she came to England and why she keeps forgiving him. Although both characters edge on religious hypocrisy, no clear sense of what spirituality and Christianity actually mean in the context of the film is ever really established. The film’s insights are ultimately left muddled and confused.
Photo courtesy of William Richards.
Structural and thematic technicalities aside, Yardie’s emphasis on music and aesthetic means that, to some extent, narrative problems and irregularities can be forgiven. While watching, one is quite easily taken by the sensory experience of it all. Awareness of the inconsistencies and plot issues only really emerges after the viewing, when a vague concluding sense of things feeling rushed or unrealistic provokes a greater consideration of what has actually happened.
So rich is the film’s ’80s aesthetic and style, and so strong is the catalogue of featured music that Yardie remains very enjoyable. Elba achieves a wonderfully evocative and nostalgic vision of Afro-Caribbean experience in the UK. The passion he has evidently imparted into this project should be applauded – even if the skills displayed in what marks the start of his directorial career might seem to be lacking.
Yardie is on general release.
Featured image courtesy of Alex Bailey.
August 21, 2018 Film, Nick Ferris, Our Journal
SAVAGE in Print: Winter 2019
Grown: Winter 2019
For all our print magazines, click here
SAVAGE in Print: Spring 2019
Blue: Spring 2019
© Lucy Feibusch and Jessica Sammonds. Logo by Eve Nightingale
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#GoGold with Gold & Diamond Sbangles on PRET*TY for TLC Foundation & Pediatric Cancer Awareness
Join us and #GoGold in support of the Ty Louis Campbell Foundation!
Shop Sbangle's Gold & Diamond campaign directly on the PRET*TY store http://prettystore.storenvy.com/ where 25% of the sale of each Gold & Diamond Sbangle sale will go directly to the Ty Louis Campbell Foundation.
Visit the SuperTy website, Follow @SuperTyCampbell on Twitter, and Like TLC Foundation on Facebook to learn more about how you can support TLC Foundation's efforts to raise awareness of and fund research for the cure to pediatric cancer.
Please see the Ty Louis Campbell Foundation's 2013 Impact Report below to learn about their efforts and how you can help Super Ty rid the world of pediatric cancer once and for all.
"Now that Black Friday, Small Business Saturday and Cyber Monday have come and gone, we thought it would be appropriate to reach out to friends of the Ty Louis Campbell Foundation with a year-end update on the day that is now dubbed, Giving Tuesday. We set up a fundraising page for Giving Tuesday with a year-end goal of raising $5,000. If everyone on this distribution packed a lunch or skipped the Starbucks for one day and instead donated $5, we would reach that goal in no time! Just click on the following link http://givingtuesday.razoo.com/story/Tlcgivingtuesday.
Giving Tuesday is intended to be a reminder to make a charitable contribution at the start of the holiday giving season, but it is also a day where we wish to reflect on the impact that all of your previous giving has made in the world of fundraising for childhood cancer research.
We can't believe one year has passed. And what a year it has been! In December 2012 we walked into the office of the newly decorated Ty Louis Campbell Foundation for the very first time, and it is our favorite place to be ever since. Thanks to a handful of dedicated volunteers, walls were painted, carpets were stripped, furniture was delivered and computers were donated/installed. We were ready to continue what Ty started by fundraising for childhood cancer research through the newly established Ty Louis Campbell (TLC) Foundation.
Fast forward one year, and even we are happily surprised by all that has been accomplished, and we have you each and every one of you to thank. Your generosity will help us fund innovative research geared toward the discovery of safer, more effective treatments for the deadliest of childhood cancers.
OUR FUNDRAISING SUCCESS
1 - YOU. Everyone on this email list has made a donation or purchased a ticket to a TLC fundraising event. Each and every one of you... your fundraising efforts, your volunteered time, your donations, your participation in various events... is fueling the fight against childhood cancer. Through miscellaneous events and contributions, we have raised more than $130,000 to fund innovative, life-saving research.
2 - THE MUDDY PUDDLES PROJECT raised more than $70,000 for childhood cancer research, and our inaugural event was attended by approximately 2,000 people! We hope you will join us again on August 9, 2013 at Camp Kiwi, NY. SAVE THE DATE!
3 - FIRST ANNUAL TYATHLON (triathlon, 5K and kids obstacle course) in Mahopac, NY was a huge success, raising more than $65,000 for the cause. We hope you will join us again on September 27, 2013 - SAVE THE DATE!
4 - GO GOLD INITIATIVES. This September we had various activities taking place all over the tri-state area and beyond. In fact, more than 68 sports teams wore gold in New York, Connecticut, New Jersey, North Carolina, Arizona and California! Hundreds of homes and storefronts donned gold lights and gold ribbons and our local stores and restaurants took donations at the register. These "Go Gold" initiatives raised over $12,000 and we expect that number to double in 2013!
5 - ROCK THE HOUSE The TLC Foundation was welcomed in Dallas, TX when we were the beneficiaries for the first annual Rock the House fundraiser at Rockhouse Studios. Everything is big in Texas, and our friends made sure those words would ring true, bringing in more than $35,000 for the cause.
6 - PRET*TY. In support of our efforts to raise awareness by "going gold" we also launched a new line of beautiful, charitable jewelry named PRET*TY (Ty inspired the T-Y in PRET*TY). Finally, colorful silicone awareness bracelets are NOT the only option! In our first month, alone, we grossed more than $11,000!! Be sure to visit www.prettystore.storenvy.com when shopping for the holidays this year! We have the perfect gifts that give back with 100% of the proceeds benefitting TLC.
7 - VISIBILITY. Since Ty's passing, we have seen tremendous visibility for the cause. We appeared on national news segments including The Doctors, we had celebrities talking about Ty including Chris Evans (Captain America himself) and Taylor Swift, we presented about childhood cancer awareness at the Sohn Conference to more than 2,200 attendees and we have grown in our social media community to include more than 18,300 fans on Facebook.
We are so proud to share news about our research investments thus far. We feel a tremendous responsibility to make sure each and every penny is placed in the hands of the most promising researchers.
ST. BALDRICK'S
As partner with St. Baldrick's, the TLC Foundation has agreed to co-fund a minimum of 1-2 large research projects annually. Since 2005, the St. Baldrick's Foundation has awarded more than $103 million to support lifesaving research, making the Foundation the largest private funder of childhood cancer research grants. Funds awarded enable hundreds of local institutions to participate in national pediatric cancer clinical trials, which may be a child's best hope for a cure. This partnership enables TLC to leverage their world-renowned Review and Advisory Board, helping us to make the most informed investment decisions. For more details, visit http://bit.ly/16nJI8H.
THE CHILDREN'S BRAIN TUMOR PROJECT AT WEILL CORNELL
We are proud to help fund such an innovative initiative with the introduction of the Ty Louis Campbell Fellowship at the New York Presbyterian/Weill Cornell Medical Center. Because so many different types of brain tumors are considered rare, such tumors simply do not get the funding that researchers need to find a cure. The Children's Brain Tumor Project at Weill Cornell offers physicians the unprecedented ability to quickly analyze the genomic data of a tumor, allowing for personalized tumor therapy and affording new hope to patients. With that individual genetic information in hand, researchers hope to identify alternative delivery methods and drugs that specifically target each young patient's tumor.
And this is only the beginning. Thank you for your continued support. We look forward to sharing even more success in 2014!"
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FAPESP projects
uBio
Brazilian Journal of Medical and Biological Research
Print version ISSN 0100-879XOn-line version ISSN 1414-431X
Braz J Med Biol Res vol.40 no.7 Ribeirão Preto July 2007 Epub June 11, 2007
http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/S0100-879X2006005000126
Braz J Med Biol Res, 2007, Volume 40(7) 957-961(Short Communication)
Antiretroviral agents and acid-base balance at delivery of the neonate
P. El-Beitune1,3, G. Duarte1, E.N. de Morais2, O. Campbell3, P. Spara-Gadelha1, F. Mauad-Filho1, S.M. Quintana1 and L.C. Rodrigues3
1Departamento de Ginecologia e Obstetrícia, Faculdade de Medicina de Ribeirão Preto, Universidade de São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, SP, Brasil
2Departamento de Ginecologia e Obstetrícia, Centro de Ciências de Saúde, Universidade Federal de Santa Maria, Santa Maria, RS, Brasil
3Infectious Disease Epidemiology Unit, London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, London, UK
Correspondence and Footnotes
Limited evidence is available regarding antiretroviral (ARV) safety for uninfected infants exposed to these drugs in utero. Our objective was to determine if ARV administered to pregnant women is associated with decreasing umbilical arterial pH and base excess in uninfected infants. A prospective study was conducted on 57 neonates divided into three groups: ZDV group, born to mothers taking zidovudine (N = 20), triple therapy (TT) group, born to mothers taking zidovudine + lamivudine + nelfinavir (N = 25), and control group (N = 12), born to uninfected mothers. Umbilical cord blood was used to determine umbilical artery gases. A test was performed to calculate the sample by comparing means by the unpaired one-tailed t-test, with a = 0.05 and ß = 20%, indicating the need for a sample of 18 newborn infants for the study groups to detect differences higher than 20%. The control and ARV groups were similar in gestational age, birth weight, and Apgar scores. Values of pH, pCO2, bicarbonate, and base excess in cord arterial blood obtained at delivery from the newborns exposed to TT were 7.23, 43.2 mmHg, 19.5 mEq/L, and -8.5 nmol/L, respectively, with no significant difference compared to the control and ZDV groups. We conclude that intrauterine exposure to ARV is not associated with a pathological decrease in umbilical arterial pH or base excess. While our data are reassuring, follow-up is still limited and needs to be continued into adulthood because of the possible potential for adverse effects of triple antiretroviral agents.
Key words: HIV, Infant toxicity, Pregnancy, Umbilical arterial pH, Apgar scores
Pregnant women are increasingly being treated with multiple antiretroviral (ARV) drugs to improve maternal health and to reduce the risk of vertical transmission of HIV infection. Nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitors cross the placenta and reach a variable newborn/mother drug ratio, i.e., approximately 0.85 for zidovudine (ZDV) and 1.0 for lamivudine. Although this maternal-fetal transfer is beneficial for the prevention of the vertical transmission of HIV-1, it may expose the infant to the risk of adverse effects (1,2).
Although this subject is controversial, prophylaxis with ZDV has been implicated in changes in the neurological and cognitive development of children exposed to HIV but not infected with the virus (3). Limited evidence is available regarding ARV safety for uninfected infants exposed to these drugs in utero. Most of the studies that have addressed the intrauterine well-being of these infants have determined a perinatal prognosis based on Apgar scores and fetal and neonatal death (4,5). In addition, umbilical artery blood pH and gas analysis are increasingly recognized as the most reliable indicators of fetal oxygenation and acid-base condition at birth (6,7). Therefore, our objective was to evaluate the effect of two different intrauterine exposures, ZDV alone or triple antiretroviral treatment with ZDV, lamivudine (3TC) and nelfinavir (NFV) on the umbilical artery blood pH and gas analysis at birth in HIV-exposed children.
We carried out a prospective study on 45 HIV-1-infected women and 12 uninfected pregnant women with singleton gestations. Only HIV-infected patients who had not been treated previously with ARV were selected for the study. The HIV-1-infected women were divided into two groups named ZDV group and triple treatment (TT) group. The ZDV group consisted of 20 pregnant women who fulfilled the requirements for the prophylactic use of ZDV (CD4 >500 cells/mm3 and viral load <1000 copies/mL). The TT group consisted of 25 pregnant women with a clinical and laboratory indication (CD4 <500 cells/mm3) for triple antiretroviral treatment (ZDV + 3TC + NFV) according to the criteria established by the Perinatal HIV Guidelines Working Group Members regarding ARV treatment of pregnant women (2).
The ARV agents recommended since the 14th week of pregnancy were ZDV, 300 mg/dose, twice a day for the ZDV group, and 300 mg ZDV, 150 mg 3TC, and 1250 mg NFV in two daily doses for the TT group. The present study was approved by the Research Ethics Committee of the Institution, Hospital das Clínicas da Faculdade de Medicina de Ribeirão Preto, Universidade de São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, SP, Brazil, and written informed consent to participate was obtained from each subject.
To evaluate factors potentially associated with umbilical arterial blood pH abnormalities from birth, we adjusted analyses for gestational age at birth, mode of delivery, alcohol use, illicit drug use during gestation, and tobacco use. Pregnant women with hypertension, diabetes mellitus, seizures, stillbirth, or macrosomia in their previous pregnancies, and pathological fetal heart rate tracings and women who did not comply with the use of ARV drugs or used them irregularly and also infants presenting congenital infections or malformations were excluded. Biochemical evaluation was not concluded in two ZDV group and three TT group infants due to concomitance of exclusion criteria.
Blood samples were drawn from a doubly clamped cord segment into 3-mL plastic syringes flushed with a 1000-U/mL heparin solution. Measurements were performed within 15 min after delivery. Arterial blood gases were determined by an automated method using the Rapid Lab-860 system of Bayer (Tarrytown, NY, USA).
Since we expected that the use of ARV drugs during pregnancy would elevate pCO2 and reduce pH and base excess compared to controls (12 newborn infants), a test was performed to calculate the sample by comparing means by the unpaired one-tailed t-test, with a = 0.05 and ß = 20%, indicating the need for a sample of 18 newborn infants for the study groups, considering the interest in detecting pathologic data of pCO2 of about 65 mmHg, pH 7.10, and base excess higher than 12 nmol/L. The GraphPad StatMate 1.01 software was used for these calculations.
The variability of the acid-base balance in cord arterial blood was calculated on the basis of the median and interquartile variation (1st and 3rd quartiles, respectively). The nonparametric chi-square, Mann-Whitney and Kruskal-Wallis tests were used, with the level of significance set at P < 0.05. All analyses were performed using the SPSS 10.0 software.
Median maternal age was 22.5 years, with an interquartile (IQ) variation of 6 years in the control group, 24 years (IQ of 7 years) in the ZDV group, and 27 years (IQ of 6 years) in the TT group, with no significant difference in these variables between groups (Kruskal-Wallis test, P = 0.13). With respect to race (white and non-white), 83, 50, and 68% of the women in the control, ZDV and TT groups were white, respectively (chi-square test, P = 0.14). Smoking habits also were not significantly different, with 91, 60, and 80% of the subjects in the control, ZDV and TT groups being non-smokers, respectively (chi-square test, P = 0.10). Alcohol drinking also did not differ significantly between groups (chi-square test, P = 0.14).
Median gestational age at delivery was 39 weeks for the control group, 38.1 weeks for the ZDV group and 38.5 weeks for the TT group (Kruskal-Wallis test, P = 0.57). Median infant weight was 3250, 3080, and 3100 g for the control, ZDV and TT groups, respectively (Kruskal-Wallis test, P = 0.447). Analysis of these variables, of the Apgar score and of adequacy of anthropometric classification did not indicate any significant differences among the newborns of the various groups (chi-square test, P = 0.59). Cesarean section was performed in 16.7, 45.0, and 36.0% of the control, ZDV and TT groups, respectively (chi-square test, P = 0.26).
Table 1 presents the values of pH, pCO2, bicarbonate, and base excess in cord arterial blood from the newborn at the time of delivery. No significant differences were observed between cases and controls. Even though the results of the present series support the safety of the use of two schemes of ARV therapy during pregnancy, i.e., ZDV prophylaxis and combination of ARV agents, a limitation exists, based on the power of the study reported here to detect an effect of lower magnitude among groups.
In the present patient series, no difference in gestational age or in newborn birth weight was observed, nor did the 1st and 5th min Apgar scores differ between the three groups studied. These data are similar to those obtained in other studies and meta-analyses which demonstrated that the gestational and immediate neonatal prognosis were not impaired among pregnant women exclusively taking ZDV or taking drug combinations containing or not protease inhibitors during the prenatal period (8-11).
Despite the vast literature available about the potentiation of the adverse effects of ARV in adults (2,11,12), there are no prospective studies emphasizing the effect of maternal ARV agent use on acid-base balance at delivery of the neonate, which objectively reflects the placental respiratory and metabolic conditions of the infant at birth, using these data as a basis for the clinical results observed (7,13,14).
The pH value observed was 7.25 for the control group, with no significant differences compared to the cases. Similarly, placental respiratory and metabolic function did not differ between groups. Our clinical data agree with those reported for children exposed to HIV but not infected followed up in the multicenter PACTG 076 study for a mean period of 4.2 years (range: 3.2-5.6 years), in which no difference in neurological, cognitive or behavioral development was observed compared to the control group (15). In addition, in a meta-analysis conducted on a total of 2123 HIV-infected pregnant women who had received ARV therapy during the prenatal period (ZDV alone in 1590, combined therapy without protease inhibitors in 396, and combined therapy with protease inhibitors in 137) and on 1143 women who did not receive ARV therapy during pregnancy, the use of ARV medications was also not associated with low Apgar scores or fetal death compared to untreated women or women taking ZDV alone (9).
In conclusion, no association was observed between the use of ARV drugs and pathological gas changes in umbilical cord arterial blood, with similar data being detected for the three groups regarding pH, pCO2, base deficit, and bicarbonate. Our results suggest safety of the use of ARV drugs during pregnancy regarding fetal oxygenation and acid-base condition at birth. On the other hand, the "gold standard" is to conduct follow-up of children with intrauterine ARV drug exposure into adulthood because of the possible potential for adverse metabolic and hematological effects of a combined scheme with protease inhibitors (16,17).
Table 1. Newborn pH, pCO2, bicarbonate (HCO3), and base excess (BE) in cord arterial blood at the time of delivery.
[View larger version of this image (54 K JPG file)]
1. Mandelbrot L, Peytavin G, Firtion G, Farinotti R. Maternal-fetal transfer and amniotic fluid accumulation of lamivudine in human immunodeficiency virus-infected pregnant women. Am J Obstet Gynecol 2001; 184: 153-158. [ Links ]
2. Perinatal HIV Guidelines Working Group Members. Public Health Service Task Force Recommendation for Safety and Toxicity of Individual Antiretroviral Agents in Pregnancy. http://www.hivatis.org. Accessed May 15, 2006. [ Links ]
3. Carneiro M, Sanchez A, Maneiro P, Angelosante W, Perez C, Vallee M. Vertical HIV-1 transmission: prophylaxis and paediatric follow-up. Placenta 2001; 22 (Suppl A): S13-S18. [ Links ]
4. El Beitune P, Duarte G, Foss MC, Montenegro RM Jr, Quintana SM, Figueiro-Filho EA, et al. Effect of maternal use of antiretroviral agents on serum insulin levels of the newborn infant. Diabetes Care 2005; 28: 856-859. [ Links ]
5. El Beitune P, Duarte G, Machado AA, Quintana SM, Figueiro-Filho EA, Abduch R. Effect of antiretroviral drugs on maternal CD4 lymphocyte counts, HIV-1 RNA levels, and anthropometric parameters of their neonates. Clinics 2005; 60: 207-212. [ Links ]
6. Page FO, Martin JN, Palmer SM, Martin RW, Lucas JA, Meeks GR, et al. Correlation of neonatal acid-base status with Apgar scores and fetal heart rate tracings. Am J Obstet Gynecol 1986; 154: 1306-1311. [ Links ]
7. Low JA, Lindsay BG, Derrick EJ. Threshold of metabolic acidosis associated with newborn complications. Am J Obstet Gynecol 1997; 177: 1391-1394. [ Links ]
8. El Beitune P, Duarte G, Quintana SM, Figueiro-Filho EA, Marcolin AC, Abduch R. Antiretroviral therapy during pregnancy and early neonatal life: consequences for HIV-exposed, uninfected children. Braz J Infect Dis 2004; 8: 140-150. [ Links ]
9. Tuomala RE, Shapiro DE, Mofenson LM, Bryson Y, Culnane M, Hughes MD, et al. Antiretroviral therapy during pregnancy and the risk of an adverse outcome. N Engl J Med 2002; 346: 1863-1870. [ Links ]
10. Brocklehurst P, Wolmink J. Antiretroviral for reducing the risk of mother-to-child transmission of HIV infection. 2: CD003510. Cochrane Database Syst Rev; 2002. [ Links ]
11. Mofenson LM. U.S. Public Health Service Task Force recommendations for use of antiretroviral drugs in pregnant HIV-1-infected women for maternal health and interventions to reduce perinatal HIV-1 transmission in the United States. MMWR Recomm Rep 2002; 51: 1-38. [ Links ]
12. El Beitune P, Duarte G, Foss MC, Montenegro RM Jr, Spara P, Quintana SM, et al. Effect of antiretroviral agents on carbohydrate metabolism in HIV-1 infected pregnant women. Diabetes Metab Res Rev 2006; 22: 59-63. [ Links ]
13. Winkler CL, Hauth JC, Tucker JM, Owen J, Brumfield CG. Neonatal complications at term as related to the degree of umbilical artery acidemia. Am J Obstet Gynecol 1991; 164: 637-641. [ Links ]
14. Kitlinski ML, Kallen K, Marsal K, Olofsson P. Gestational age-dependent reference values for pH in umbilical cord arterial blood at term. Obstet Gynecol 2003; 102: 338-345. [ Links ]
15. Culnane M, Fowler M, Lee SS, McSherry G, Brady M, O'Donnell K, et al. Lack of long-term effects of in utero exposure to zidovudine among uninfected children born to HIV-infected women. Pediatric AIDS Clinical Trials Group Protocol 219/076 Teams. JAMA 1999; 281: 151-157. [ Links ]
16. El Beitune P, Duarte G. Antiretroviral agents during pregnancy: consequences on hematologic parameters in HIV-exposed, uninfected newborn infant. Eur J Obstet Gynecol Reprod Biol 2006; 128: 59-63. [ Links ]
17. El Beitune P, Duarte G, Vannucchi H, Quintana SM, Figueiro-Filho EA, de Morais EN, et al. Serum vitamin A during pregnancy and effects on obstetrics and perinatal outcomes in HIV infected pregnant women. Arch Latinoam Nutr 2004; 54: 419-427. [ Links ]
Address for correspondence: P. El-Beitune, Maternidade Mário Totta, Complexo Hospitalar Santa Casa, Rua Prof. Annes Dias, 285, 1º andar, 90020-090 Porto Alegre, RS, Brasil. Fax: +55-51-3372-1401. E-mail: pbeitune@yahoo.com.br
Research supported by FAPESP (No. 01/08450-8). Received June 27, 2006. Accepted May 2, 2007.
Av. Bandeirantes, 3900
14049-900 Ribeirão Preto SP Brazil
Tel. / Fax: +55 16 3315-9120
bjournal@terra.com.br
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Damian Thomas
Reviews Editor
At RPGFan Since:
November 1998 / April 2003
Favorite Games/Series:
Lunar series, Ys Series, Shin Megami Tensei series
RPG, Strategy (console and PC), Shooter
Slayers, Escaflowne, Berserk, Kare Kano, Ouron High Host Club
I joined RPGFan late in 1998 as a reviewer and quickly rose to the rank of section head. I enjoyed my position immensely, even starting a comic with former editor Meg Olsen, but eventually graduate school came around and couldn't be ignored. I left the section in the hands of a reviewer. Yet, all stressful things must come to an end, and with graduate school doing just that and a position as head of editorials being made available due to Jason Walton's (aka Parn's) being preoccupied protecting America's freedom, I decided to get back into the swing of things. Suteki da ne? After the editorials section died (but before it returned), I went back to my position as head of reviews for the site... then marketing/advertising director... then hiatus... now back to proofreading/writing reviews. So you see, the circle is now truly complete.
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Paul Bettany Cast As The Vision In The Avengers: The Age of Ultron
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Watch new episodes of True Detective every Sunday at 9PM, only on HBO.
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Osiris Entertainment Website: www.osirisent.com
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Nothing like a little group therapy.
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SABOTAGE'S RED BAND TRAILER KICKS ASS
Finally Arnold delivers a bad ass trailer.
Are you ready for RED BAND? This #SabotageMovie red band trailer shows NO mercy.
The countdown is officially over…the new RED BAND TRAILER for Open Road's SABOTAGE is here! Bloody, explosive, and deadly, this extended peek shows just how high the stakes are for this team of highly skilled DEA agents after they bust one of the world's deadliest drug cartels. As the body count rises, it's up to Arnold Schwarzenegger to figure out who is killing his men. From the writer of Training Day and the director of End of Watch, SABOTAGE, also starring Sam Worthington, Terrence Howard, Joe Manganiello and Josh Holloway, hits theaters on MARCH 28th. So head over to IGN and take a look at the intense new trailer now!
In "Sabotage", Arnold Schwarzenegger leads an elite DEA task force that takes on the world's deadliest drug cartels. When the team successfully executes a high-stakes raid on a cartel safe house, they think their work …
Win Tickets To An Advance Screening For ENDLESS LOVE In San Francisco
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Visit the Zubrowka Film Commission at: http://www.zubrowkafilmcommission.com
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Win Tickets To An Advance Screening For VAMPIRE ACADEMY In Sacramento
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University of Cambridge > Talks.cam > Babraham Seminar > Equality4Success - "My life in science seminar"
Equality4Success - "My life in science seminar"
Michaela Frye; University of Cambridge, Department of Genetics, Wellcome Trust - Medical Research Council, Cambridge Stem Cell Institute
Friday 19 May 2017, 13:00-14:00
Babraham - The Cambridge Building (Queen Edith Room).
If you have a question about this talk, please contact Matt Humphries.
Michaela Frye completed her PhD in Frankfurt/Main in 2000 studying the role of epithelial defensins in cystic fibrosis. In 2001 she joined the lab of Fiona Watt as a Postdoctoral Fellow at the CR-UK London Research Institute. Michaela received a CR-UK Career Development Fellowship in 2007 when she started as a group leader at the CSCR .
Research: Our lab focuses on the identification and characterization of post-transcriptional modifications that regulate the maintenance of adult stem cells. We further explore whether modulation of RNA -methylation pathways can help to protect from human diseases such as cancer.
Our current research themes are: 1. The dynamic deposition of 5-methylcytosine (m5C) into RNA 2. The functional roles of m5C in RNA metabolism 3. The importance of m5C methylases in development and diseases
This talk is part of the Babraham Seminar series.
Babraham - The Cambridge Building (Queen Edith Room)
Babraham Seminar
Seminar Madingley Lectures Cambridge University Amnesty International
Autumn Cactus & Succulent Show Bayesian optimal design for Gaussian process model 160 years of occupational structure: Late Imperial China and its regions Assessing the Impact of Open IP in Emerging Technologies The Intimate Relation between Mechanics and Geometry Replication or exploration? Sequential design for stochastic simulation experiments
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Fornassari
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Pinanfarina
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Split in Half
Crashed While Going 180 Mph on The Salzburgring Race Track. Sadly, The Driver...
Crashed while going 180 mph on the Salzburgring race track. Sadly, the driver was killed.
2011 Porsche 911 997 GT2. Happened in Salzburg, Austria.
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E: fiona@touringscotland.co.uk
Highland-Islands Tours
Scotland City Tours
Central Scotland Tours
Scottish Borders Tours
Yorkshire Tours
Whisky Tours
Whisky Trails
Hadrian’s Wall Tour
Queen Mother’s Scotland Tour
Booking A Tour
Edinburgh Information
Tailor a tour in Scotland to suit your time, interest and budget, with Touring Scotland
Touring Scotland
We head to Hadrian’s Wall in the North East of England, the best known frontier in the entire Roman Empire, built on the orders of the Emperor Hadrian who came to Britain in AD 122.
The Wall which runs from the East to the West coast, is an 80 mile winding stretch of forts, turrets and temples, which cross over some of the most dramatic landscape in the whole of Northumbria.
We visit Chesters Fort, the best-preserved cavalry fort in Britain. The Fort has a delightful riverside setting and a very well preserved Bath House. We also visit Housesteads, the most complete Roman fort in Britain, perched high on a volcanic ridge with spectacular views over the deserted valley.
Chesters Fort
Exploring this world heritage site never fails to leave visitors with a sense of awe and wonder.
This is a day tour from Central Scotland.
We want to thank you again for the wonderful tour. None of us can think of anything we would have changed. It was awesome and you were a big part of that. …. for showing us what we wanted to see and introducing us to things we didn’t know we would enjoy.
Sandra Pidduck and family – Quebec city
sitemap | links | terms | edinburgh information | Mobile: +44 (0)7815 886 014 | fiona@touringscotland.co.uk
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The Indy Corner
The Goings On Of The Showstealer Nathan Cruz
Added 27/01/2016 by Nathan Cruz
Forgive me for the delay in this post, but as the New Year has set in I have found my self been very busy more so on the business side of this job. Between arranging flights, trains, bookings, recording for a DVD as well as chasing old footage; I’ve had very little time to actually sit at a computer with my mug of black coffee a post ‘The Goings On Of The Showstealer Nathan Cruz’.
The first show of the New Year for me saw me fly out to Germany for Maximum Wrestling, who run a nightclub in Kiel. This was my first time working for them and I was very excited about going out there and making an impression. It was a very tiring weekend however, I was up at 4am to get to Manchester airport for around 6am. Flew to Amsterdam, waited for an hour for my connecting flight to Hamburg. I met up with a friend from Sweden who was on the same connecting flight to Germany. Fabian Puerrgo; is one of the most animated and fun loving guys I have ever met. I first met him at our first WWE try out in 2014. Truth be told we all thought ‘Big Fabs’ was a tad weird and didn’t quite get him. However when he came over the following year to work for Dixon in 2015, I got to know him a lot more and spend more time with him. The guy cracks me up so much. Never heard a negative word to come from his mouth, he just loves that he gets to do this and likes to enjoy what he does as well as work very hard on improving in the ring.
We arrived in Hamburg and met up with the promoter Marcus. Lovely fella and spoke perfect English. We took an hour drive through a very wintery Hamburg to Kiel. The venue reminded me a lot of the city hall nightclub in Barcelona that I wrestled in back in 2011. I asked what the audience were like and was told to expect a more student fan base. Brilliant, I was working heel, on first in front of drunk, wrestling fan, students… It was like preparing for PROGRESS. The audience were very much like a PROGRESS crowd but were not as clued up and ate up a lot of the easy spots (such as my arse out spot) which made the match against Andre Trucker very enjoyable and fun. The promoter and Andre were very happy with the match and we discussed more dates for my eventual return to Germany later this year.
After a few hours kip, Fabs and myself were dropped off at Hamburg airport and then we flew back to Amsterdam and parted ways. Landed in Manchester were I was greeted by my fiancée with chicken and spinach sandwiches… almost made up for the fact I had to sit through Justin Beiber’s recent album.
The following weekend (just gone) saw me wake up at 5:30 Saturday morning to set off to Liverpool to take training for All-Star Wrestling. I’ve had a well-documented working relationship with All-Star for many years now. It was rewarding to know that I’m held in high regard to come and pass on the knowledge I have picked up in my 9 year career to young hopefuls. It was fun class, I focused more on teaching them more little details in the ring along with a bit of promo work which they had never done before. After this there was a kid’s birthday party. All-Star offer a party package for kids. You get a match and a safe and controlled experience in the ring with the wrestlers. As well as food and other wrestling goodies. I had never done one of these before. I’ve wrestled in front of audiences of all kinds but this was a new one for me. Dean and I put on a 25 minute contest of moistly sports entertainment fun, in which a kid was allowed to climb in the ring and kick me in the balls… yeah that was fun. I spent the night at Dean and Letitia’s beautiful home. They fed me well, I fell in love with their dogs and Dean and I watched wrestling until my eyelids began to get heavy; it was a boss end to a boss day.
The following morning I woke at 6:30. Had my breakfast and began the journey down to London. Arrived at progress very excited about my match that day. First and foremost I love doing the Origin group and love teaming with ligs. Also I really rate Eddie Dennis. I think he is one of the best guys out there at the moment, so any chance I have to get in there with him, I get excited about giving him a great match. I also felt that Mark Andrews and I never really got the opportunity to really go at it and that was part the motivation behind screw Indy. I remember first watching Mark perform in a ladder match at Brit Wres Fest in 2012 and saying to Dean Allmark “He’s got something about him.” We have had encounters in the past but this was the first opportunity to actually scratch the surface. But that what I loved so much about this, we just scratched the surface of what all four of us could do. We delivered a very solid match, one that we was all very proud of, but we knew that if this came back to another round, we could go even further.
I shot off after the match as did Ligs and Andrews but before I left my self and Eddie had a really good conversation about how much the job has changed and what our opinions of it are.
One thing we discussed was what makes someone good or even the best? For me it’s a someone who can literally do anything a promoter needs them to do. Be a heel, be a babyface, be a first match guy, be a main event, do a wrestling match, do a comedy match, do a big guy little guy match, wrestle a midget, put a woman over, hardcore, high spots, do promos, etc you get where I’m going right? Be diverse and perfect everything to the best of your ability. It’s something that has certainly gave me longevity and I can do all of those if asked of me. Can I wrestle as well as Ringo Ryan or Zack Sabre Jr? No. Can I high fly as well as Mandrews or Osprey? No. but I can wrestle well. I can do a few flips if needed and I’m quite good at this character stuff. That’s not me saying I’m the best by the way, Rampage Brown is the best. But that’s my standpoint on how I determine who is good or not.
Overall I have had a very tiring couple of weekends. Looking forward to a local job this weekend as NGW films their next TV taping in Pudsey where I shall be taking on Scottish star, Lionhart!
© 2020 The Indy Corner. All rights reserved.
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Abia Disburses N1bn Loan To Farmers
Commissioner for Agriculture in Abia, Chief Ike Onyenweaku, has said that the state government will disburse the N1 billion loan to farmers in the state during this farming season.
Onyenweaku said this in Ohafia, Abia, during a sensitisation tour of Arochukwu and Ohafia Local Government Areas as part of conditions for the exercise.
“We expect that the beneficiaries of the loan will empower others by way of employment so that the multiplier effect in the state’s economy would be felt,” he said.
The Commissioner said “only genuine farmers will benefit from this largess”.
“The condition of the loan is such that farmers will not find it cumbersome to re-pay.
“We shall set up crack monitoring committees that will assess claims of prospective beneficiaries to ascertain whether they are real or portfolio farmers.
“The committee will also physically inspect farmlands of prospective beneficiaries to make sure that their claims are authentic,’’ he said.
Onyenweaku said that the ultimate aim was to ensure that the Agricultural Transformation Agenda of the Federal Government succeeded in Abia.
A Consultant of the scheme in Abia, Chief Ike Onyenweaku, appealed to farmers in the state to make good use of the opportunity “because this is the first time this is happening in Abia’’.
Wachukwu, who is the President of Nigeria Association of Small-Scale Industrialists, said, “when this is utilised effectively it will bring an economic transformation to Abia within the next two years’’.
Meanwhile, farmers in the state have expressed reservations over the success of the scheme considering the decay of rural infrastructure across the state.
Chairman, All Farmers Association of Nigeria (AFAN) in Arochukwu, Chief Omeji Origa, said that good roads were a major condition necessary for the success of the scheme.
“All we need is mobilisation and we shall change this ugly situation and reach the farmers in their interior locations. We need good roads to transport our produce to areas of scarcity,” he said.
Origa noted with regrets that “our palm plantations and mills have gone moribund.
“The cocoa fields are no more in existence while our rice farms and mills are non-functional and forgotten.”
Forestry Commission Member Decries High Level Of Deforestation
Fishermen Report Depletion Of Undersea Weeds
IITA Develops New Potato Variety
The Tide
Empowering, Novel, Agri-Business Led, Employment, Technologies for African Agricultural Transformation (ENABLE TAAT) has recently developed Orange Fleshed Sweet Potato (OFSP) species to tackle malnutrition and reduce diabetes in Africa.
The ENABLE TAAT Field Trainer of the International Institute of Tropical Agriculture (IITA), Mr Murtalab Adedamola, made this known in Ibadan yesterday.
He said that the development of the potato species was one of the plans of IITA, aimed at combating malnutrition and attaining food security in Africa. Adedamola said that OFSP was different from the Irish potato, adding that it contained a lot of water, Vitamin A, high carotene and low level of sugar. “It has two varieties – King J and Mothers’ Delight, and it can be used for baking cake, snacks and bread.
“It is stress-free, its cultivation cycle is within three months; it is not a tuber but a root and it does not go deep into the soil like cassava.
“The growth continues even after harvesting, it is good for children and diabetic patients because of its low level of sugar. Farmers can plant a hectare with just 500kg. vines of OFSP, which multiplies.
“They should cut the vines together, bundle them together, weigh them and then plant them. Farmers can plant at a depth of 20 or 25 cm and at an angle of 45 degrees because the spacing can determine the yield,” he said. Adedamola advised farmers to always apply MPK fertiliser to the crop after two weeks of planting, as the exercise would go a long way to improve the yield if the crop had access to water. The field trainer said that the maintenance of an OFSP farm would not require much weeding, adding that the soil would crack while its flowers would shoot out to signal the appropriate time for harvesting. He, however, warned that the King J variety of OFSP was better grown in the northern parts of the country, while the cultivation of the Mothers’ Delight type would thrive in the South.
“In Cameroon, we have four varieties of OFSP and in Cote d’Ivoire, there are six varieties. Farmers are planting it already but the produce lacks market because people are not aware of its numerous benefits. “When people learn about its benefits, they will start patronising the farmers well; we will definitely have more varieties of it in Nigeria because it is a crop that can transform the livelihood of potato farmers perfectly,’’ he added.
Assembly Approves N1.5bn Agric Loan
The Niger State House of Assembly has passed a resolution granting approval to the state government to access a N1.5bn facility for the implementation of the Accelerated Agricultural Development Scheme (AADS).
The House passed the resolution yesterday following the presentation of the report of Joint Committees on Finance and Agriculture.
Presenting the report, Chairman of the Joint Committee, Alhaji Abdullahi Mammagi, said it interfaced with relevant stakeholders to ascertain the justification for the request made.
Mammagi noted that the facility was being offered at an interest rate of nine per cent per annum and 60 months repayment period by the Central Bank of Nigeria.
“From the interface held, the committee found that the Federal Government had offered a window of facility to states to support implementation of AADS in states.
“The CBN, through Zenith Bank has offered to provide the of N1.5bn. The facility is offered for a period of 60 months, at an interest rate of nine per cent per annum.
“This is deemed to be highly competitive in terms of what obtains in the banking industry.
“Niger State has keyed into the programme as its implementation would stimulate and support socio-economic development in the state,” he added.
According to him, the repayment cost was manageable, adding that it would not be too much burden on the monthly cash flow of the state.
Similarly, the House commenced debate on the 2019 budget by the governor.
NGO Urges FG To Increase Agric Financing
The Fresh and Young Brains Development Initiative (FBIN), an NGO, has appealed to the Federal Government to increase its funding on agriculture, especially for women and youth farmers to increase their yields.
The Founder of the initiative, Mrs Nkiruka Nnaemego, made the call on Monday in Abuja at the Yfarm National Colloquium on Attracting Public Financing in Sustainable Agriculture for Youth and Women Small Scale Farmers.
Nnaemego said that the Nigerian government had committed to the 2014 Malabo Principles of ensuring increase in public funding to at least 10 per cent of the national budget to the agricultural sector.
According to her, this will enable the countries effectively implement their programmes to reduce hunger and increase productivity among in Africa.
She said that this commitment had not been achieved and it was affecting the productivity of small scale farmers, who consisted of about 70 per cent of the country’s farming population.
“This colloquium provides a unique platform for stakeholders in agriculture to brainstorm on innovative models and approaches for attracting public financing and government involvement in agriculture.
“From the Malabo declaration, which African Heads of State agreed to commit 10 per cent of their countries’ budgets to agriculture, it is unfortunately that Nigeria is still below three per cent.
“Agriculture is the way to go now since the country is looking for other options aside oil. We need to increase finance in agriculture.
“Although the Federal Government is trying, but it should try harder,” she said.
She explained that Yfarm project’s goal was to promote a youth/women-led agribusiness society by reducing poverty, thereby increasing active youth/women participation in sustainable agriculture by 2020.
She said that Yfarm Project had been at the forefront of policy advocacy, media engagement, capacity building and mentoring of rural and vulnerable youth/women in some parts of Africa.
“We celebrate outstanding youths and women, provide access to markets and business networking through our National and African Youth Agric Festivals and Concerts,” she stated.
The Project Coordinator, Food and Agriculture, Actionaid Nigeria, Mr Azubike Nwokoye appealed to the Federal Government to create an enabling environment to attract private investment. He further urged government at all levels to do their parts by increasing public financing on agriculture across all areas with comparative advantages.
farming season?
”That is a failure in its own already.”
Soni appealed to the government to make available inputs by January not in April and May when such inputs were not needed.
The Programme Officer, Food and Agriculture Organisation (FAO) Mr Alphonsus Onwuemeka said that agriculture was in the concurrent list and urged the state governments to play their parts to lessen the burden on the Federal Government.
He acknowledged the Federal Government’s support to agriculture and urged women to take advantage of the gender unit created by government at the Ministry of Agriculture to handle women challenges.
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Iwobi Wants Quick Return
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Vintage Leaf Memories - Michael Langlois
Vintage Stories of Maple Leaf Memories and NHL Hockey
About Michael Langlois
Ian Turnbull: Aggravating, enigmatic - and talented
After a very poor 1972-’73 season, the Leafs had one thing to look forward to: they held three draft choices in the first round of the 1973 ...
Do the Maple Leafs understand player development?
Let me first make an obvious statement: I’m simply a long-time hockey observer, not an analyst. I don’t pretend to be able to break down t...
What’s the next Leaf shoe to drop? I think something is brewing and here are some (likely?) possibilities….
It’s funny. Because things appear to be quiet in Leafville, we probably tend to make the assumption that not a whole lot is going on. Oh, ...
The Leaf Legacy in my lifetime: Part IV, the (ouch) 1980s
As the 1970s were drawing to a close, sometimes (almost always?) bombastic and occasionally controversial Leaf owner Harold Ballard decided ...
Michael's New eBook
Canadian Residents
US Residents
On needing to see more from Gardiner and Kadri…
Young players, especially young players with eye-popping offensive skills, are always the subject of much discussion, especially in the Toronto market. They typically leave impatient fans wanting more. Yet we always have to remind ourselves that it usually takes time for most NHLers—even the gifted ones—to become solid all-around NHLers, players their coaches can trust.
Plenty of words have been shared about Nazem Kadri and Jake Gardiner in this space over the years, and rightfully so. In each their own way, they are highly talented performers. Gardiner can skate all night and moves with such ease, while Kadri has those hands and uncanny hockey instincts that help him find seams and empty spots on the ice—either for himself, or in finding open teammates.
Both are only 23, and still a long way away from being what they might be capable of becoming as professionals. Gardiner in particular, as a defensemen, needs more game action before we can make any declarations about his supposed ceiling. It’s easy to say he is skilled, which he so obviously is, but is there a lot more in that cupboard? Can he be more than tantalizing “potential”?
Last season, I thought Kadri, many nights, was the most dangerous Leaf on the ice. Kessel, of course, is an almost constant threat but I thought Kadri was right there with him. He made his wingers—regardless of who he played with—a lot better in 2012-'13.
Yet this season, while the former London Knight’s offensive numbers are fine (pretty good, in fact), I just don’t have the same feeling when I watch him play. He still has that nasty streak (on the edge I like, over the edge—like when he takes liberties with opposing players—I don’t) and can be a very determined player, but when I watch him I don’t feel we are always getting the 200 foot player we need to see all the time.
As for Gardiner, again, his “numbers” are fine. He’s something like a minus 4 (I think Kadri is minus 9), which is OK. There is a lot more to assessing someone’s game than their plus/minus stats.
But I guess I was expecting something a bit more from Gardiner this season by now. Offensively he has put up some points, but it’s his still lacking (at least in my mind) defensive game that confounds me. Yes he can skate like the wind and he can move the puck—traits that are very important for any defenseman. Plenty of defenseman don’t skate particularly well or move the puck with authority.
But when it comes to other parts of his game—skating in wide circles when he needs to stop and be hard on the play, or how he matches up against physical forwards on the forecheck—I’m not sure he has progressed enough.
Some of that is simply, I’m sure, a question of time and experience. But I also sense that I’m seeing, as with Kadri, a bit of an attitude that, “this is how I play; take it or leave it”.
Let me add something: I can’t break down the Leafs’ defensive issues (possession, shots on goal against, giveaways, etc.) like the technical experts can. Those trained observers can do that beautifully for us.
I just know that if Phaneuf is playing as well as everyone says he is (and I’m among those who find little fault in a guy who plays about 25 minutes a night against the other team’s best forwards and is a plus 20) and Rielly is a phenom, then someone must not be doing their job, right?
If we are giving the puck away in our own zone, if we are giving up so many shots and way too many quality scoring opportunities for the other side, who is not doing their job along our blueline? (It’s like when I hear NBA guys talk and say, “we have to work harder out there”. Well, there’s only five guys on the floor at one time and maybe eight who play any real minutes most nights. So let’s be specific: do you mean you have to work harder, or that the other seven guys have to?)
For me, it’s the same issue here. If Phaneuf is playing at an elite level, and Gunnarsson is not completely dragging him down, and Rielly is having a fantastic rookie season, then where is the issue? Is it all Franson? Aren’t we all happy with Tim Gleason?
So where indeed does Gardiner fit in this discussion?
As I mentioned in a recent post, it’s not just on our defensemen. Forwards are a major part of “team defense”. That’s always been the case in hockey. Thus my mention of Kadri who, as the second-line center, has a dual role of putting up points but also preventing some pretty good players on the other team from scoring on any given night.
Hey, the Leafs are still in very good shape when it comes to the current standings and the playoff picture. There’s zero reason they can’t continue to put up points in the standings and as I keep saying, make noise in the Eastern Conference come playoff time.
But unless a lot of observers are just flat out wrong, can this team sustain their current placement if they keep struggling with the simple notion of “defensive hockey” and whatever system Carlyle is asking them to play? They aren’t being asked to split the atom (to be honest, I don't even know what an atom is, or if they can be split, but the reference has been around seemingly forever…), after all, just play good, solid defense.
And from my perspective, if we are going to look for individual improvement, it strikes me as fair to suggest that two of our 'young veterans', Kadri and Gardiner, are two of the Leafs that need to play with more commitment and determination as the hockey gets serious the rest of the regular season and then into the playoffs.
Of course it’s a team game, and everyone on this roster, well beyond Kadri and Gardiner, need to do their job consistently if the Leafs look to be serious players in the Conference. (Yes, I can name much more experienced players who we need to see more from, like Clarkson, but that’s a post for another day.)
Maybe my standards for and expectations of these two whiz kids are unfairly high. I don’t know. As I write this, the trade deadline is hours away. I’m hardly thinking that they will be traded—or should be.
But I believe they have more to give, and it’s not all about their supposedly crappy and out of touch coach. Unless Gardiner is going to become (and he might, who knows?) Scott Niedermayer, Ray Bourque or Paul Coffey, then he needs to be better at the things defensemen need to be good at.
If Kadri wants to get paid the star money that he thinks he deserves, then we need to see him be a difference-maker almost every night—at both ends of the ice.
With talent comes, fair nor not, high expectations. There is still plenty of time for these youngsters, but in today’s NHL, the clock is already slowly ticking….
Labels: Jake Gardiner, Kadri
DP March 4, 2014 at 8:09 PM
Kadri and Clarkson, the problem is related. Clarkson doesn't seem to mesh well with Lupul and Kadri...yet they keep trying to force it.
Last night was a perfect example. Clarkson gets over 15 minutes and no shots. You can't have that with a 2nd line winger. Mason Raymond comes on for a couple shifts with Lupul and Kadri and they soon get a goal with the assist going to Lupul and Reilly. In the recent past, when they pushed up Kulemin to the 2nd line, Kadri and Lupul got going again.
Why can't they just play Clarkson on the third line and run a top nine with some talent spread across three good lines?
Gardiner? I think I would let him sit some games. Take a shot accross his bow. It has worked in the past.
They do have a very nice option. Petter Granberg is a young defensive machine.
His nickname with Marlies? RoboCop; TJ Brennan says: "He’s just a machine. Guys hate going against him in practice."
He is up to +18 with the Marlies. He is leading the team, the next closest is Spencer Abbott at +13.
I checked and many of last year's AHL plus minus leaders got promoted and are doing well in the NHL this year: Radko Gudas, Eric Gryba, Tyler Johnson, Ondrej Palat and Nick Holden.
Why not sit Gardiner or Ranger and bring up Granberg for a midweek game, especially against a defensive team like Columbus?
I'm even more worried that they will trade Granberg to another team for some aging veteran and Granberg will quickly become a top 4 somewhere else.
Michael Langlois March 4, 2014 at 8:18 PM
I respect your views on these matters DP and you have mentioned Granberg here before. I have not seen him enough personally to make a useful comment, but based on a number of reports I have seen, he does appear to be a legitimate prospect with a nice ceiling.
It sounds as though you agree that Gardiner needs to show more than he has at times.
Jim March 4, 2014 at 8:49 PM
I was hoping that you would put up a post today, thank you for whetting my Leaf discussion appetite for today. Great post, thoughtful as ever.
There are a couple of directions I would like to expand upon in your thoughts. The first one is my least favourite topic in sports, potential. That is what we are forever talking about, for the majority of the situations we try to analyze. It is why I loathe talking about prospects, to me, until you do it in the NHL against the men, you haven't done it. Do Gardiner and Kadri make the most of their potential as NHL'ers, and are they able to accomplish those aspirations with the Leafs? If this is the most that they are ever going to be, you trade them right now. Let some other organization watch their careers flounder, after they gave up a king's ransom to acquire them. If on the other hand, they are superstars in the making, you keep them and nourish their abilities. This is a brutally hard question for fans, we want so badly for these guys to succeed in our favourite teams colours. Is Kadri the spoiled, lazy, entitled player he is portrayed as? Or is he a moment away from figuring it all out, and becoming a true NHL star? How thrilled are Leaf fans that we got JVR away from Philly for Schenn? If the roles were reversed, I'm pretty sure we would greatly lament that trade.
One of my biggest complaints about fans of the teams I follow is that it seems so little is said about them when they aren't playing well. Especially constructive things, I personally would love to talk about the differences between what other organizations do compared to the Leafs. The same can be said about the players. We are always eager to say how great Phil Kessel is, or Dion, we forget that there is still room for improvement. It's my opinion that a lot of Leafs feel that their game, is their game and they aren't too interested in changing it a whole lot. It is a theme I have commented on for a long time here. I see almost no improvement in the areas that the management team has trouble shutting up about. I don't see this group as different from the one that Ron Wilson coached. They play almost exactly the same despite the change in coaches, and the different lineup on the third and fourth line.
Part of my criticisms for the team can be laid solely at the feet of our most talented player. I see very little willingness on Kessel's part to do the small things defensively to help his team, and more importantly his team mates. They certainly must see the same things, and I'm sure the attitude of he doesn't do it, why should I, is there to a degree.
I will end on this point, having our young talent end up as 50-60 point forwards, or bottom pair d'men that occasionally shine, isn't really the reason they were drafted, or acquired, is it? This franchise needs superior players to take a run at the Cup. I fear that they don't really have any in the wings, or on the team, other than Kessel and Rielly, that is.
Since you mentioned a playoff run. Looking at the Leafs schedule for the remainder of the season, and watching every poorly played game this season. It is this man's opinion that the Leafs miss the playoffs entirely. I wouldn't be at all surprised if they tie for points, but miss because of fewer ROW.
The comments in your first paragraph break things down nicely, Jim. It's so difficult to make the "right" determination. Are these stars in waiting, or guys who will never be more than tantalizing potential with some nice games thrown in here and there? (The Leafs are not alone in this regard- I was listening to Sabres media recently people talk about ex-Canuck Cody Hodgson. So much promise and relatively little production, based on the comments I heard. It seems like the fans and the organization expected more, though he too is very young still.)
We are at times reluctant, it seems, to be objective in our assessment of Toronto players. Kessel is a spectacularly exciting offensive player, but despite apparent efforts to improve the lesser parts of his game, let's be honest, he has deficiencies. (That said, if you score 40+ goals, fans tend to not worry too much about such issues.)
This is part of the reason why I raise things as I did today. If Phaneuf is great, Rielly is outstanding, Gardiner is so talented, Gunner is steady, then why exactly are we struggling in our own zone? It's fair to ask these questions, even when the team is winning games.
That's an interesting prediction in your final statement, Jim- but I know you don't make it lightly. Thanks for posting.
"If Phaneuf is great, Rielly is outstanding, Gardiner is so talented, Gunner is steady, then why exactly are we struggling in our own zone?"
Because Franson and Reilly are a combined -27 add in Gardiner's -4 Ranger' -6 and your have -37.
You can't sugar coat it. These guys are not playing a good defensive game. You see the stats unfold before you play by play. Soft in the corners, risky plays, give aways, bad choices....though they are slowly getting better with the arrival of Gleason.
Phaneuf and Gunnarson's plus 36 is the thing that makes it close to zero or normal.
It's hard to know what's up with Gardiner. He seems to make less mistakes when the Leafs are skating well. But then, when they are skating there is less time spent in their own zone. These dangerous, sudden spin-a-ramas in front of the net, and chasing opponents until he's completely out of position make it very hard for team-mates to know what to do. Everyone starts scrambling, trying to figure out whether to stay where they are or move to where Jake was supposed to be but isn't. He tries so hard to do too much. Never a lack of effort, I think we can see that.
I would like Nazem to put a sign up with his Dad's statement--" If you're not scoring find another way to get involved in the game." When he does that, we see a better player. I think he has improved in some ways especially face-offs and he is still putting up points. The second line is much better when Kulemin is on it and I think Kadri would benefit by staying with the same line-mates as much as possible. The second line has been switched around unnecessarily too many times to help another player " find their game" . I understand that. I don't understand why that is more important than concentrating on Kadri's development. He may not have a big contract but he is obviously very talented and if he is expected to become part of the core group I think it is in the Leafs best interest to give him every chance to succeed. The second year is often hard with more responsibilities and higher expectations, so why make it harder? Thanks Michael.
Michael Langlois March 4, 2014 at 10:34 PM
Changing line mates constantly can obviously be difficult. But Kadri played with a lot of different guys last year, and as I noted in my post, I felt that, most of the time, he made his linemates better.
My concern with him is probably more on the defensive side of his game and his play away from the puck in that regard. I agree that when he does those other things you refer to, his game is stronger. I would argue that doing those other things leads to scoring opportunities.
BlueANDwhite March 5, 2014 at 6:06 AM
Great post as always. I would agree with Jim when he says that potential is just that; potential. Until it can be achieved at the NHL level we can dream about how good a player may become. In fact often enough we have seen in the past, how players are one year wonders and sometimes have a few good years early in their careers never to regain form ever again.
To be patient with what you have or to roll the dice and make a trade is the magic question we hope to have the answer to. Subsequently if we are seeing improvements with the players then we should hold onto them. With regards to Gardiner we may be seeing him regress this year however as you said Michael that dmen need more time to develop. So it comes down to plunging at the opportunity of making a trade when it presents itself. A few years ago the Leafs had a chance to acquire Chris Pronger who wanted out of Edmonton and would have come to Toronto but the Leafs were not willing on parting with Steen. Instead they offered Stajan or Wellwood instead along with Kaberle and a draft pick. The deal as we know was made with Anaheim and they won the cup. Interestingly enough the Leafs traded Steen and another 'potential' promising defencemen Coliacavo for Stempniak. We all know how that turned out.
Sometimes for whatever reason players need a change in scenery and blossam elsewhere. Steve Sullivan, Jason Smith, come to mind. But then other times players simply don't pan out to their potential. We just need to look at all the first round draft picks and see over half not having an effective career in the NHL as top end players.
If the style of team that Nonis and Carlyle are trying to build, defence oriented and offence primarily created through forchecking then it may not be best suited the kind of players Gardiner and for that matter Kadri are and may end up being. Both players are highly skilled at stick handling, passing, and circling with the puck, with Gardiner excelling at skating as well. I think having Reilly already in the lineup, he has a similar toolset that Gardiner has to offer and may be more likely to be traded than Kadri perhaps.
On a side note, Brenan has offensively been very impressive with the Marlies. I am surprised why he has not been given a look with the big club. That would make Gardiner even more expendable should Brennan fill the roll as efficiently.
We often say this teams needs a veteren leader to bring stability especially for the playoffs. If Ryan Kesler and Edler are available in Vancouver, then having missed out on the Rick Nash sweepstakes a few years ago and as mentioned Pronger before that.; I hope we can look at the potential that Gardiner and Kadri possess as just being that; potential. And not let that be the reason we fail an attempt to make a trade that would make us better both short term and long term.
Michael Langlois March 5, 2014 at 9:24 AM
You've raised a number of excellent points and I'll just reference two, BlueANDwhite: if Carlyle is the Leafs' "long term" coach, then yes, trades you make may hinge on who the coach is. As in, if certain players (like Grabbo and MacArthur) don't "fit", they leave.
But the jury seems to be out (it certainly is in Leafland) when it comes to Carlyle. I have no idea what Nonis is thinking. Most of us thought this roster was built for the coach. The results have been good, standings-wise, but don't always inspire confidence that this can be maintained.
As for trading for solid veterans- I know Leaf fans always raise that we traded away too many good young players in the past, but when I look back at the Quinn years for example, who (young players, prospects and draft choices) did we really trade away that went on to be a star elsewhere? Yet we sometimes acquired good pieces that almost helped us get to the finals- which is the idea, after all. It's not just about constantly building with kids and more kids for some never-to-be-achieved future success.
So I understand both sides of the discussion: Nonis can stay with the program, not deal any of the kids, and hope he can add pieces every summer that make the ultimate difference. But sometimes you have to be bold, too. I'm glad I don't have that job. Thanks BlueANDwhite.
DP March 5, 2014 at 11:26 AM
I almost think Franson is the one to trade.
He is among the worst with plus minus and is the oldest, so he is most unlikely to change and burn the Leafs by finally realizing his potential.
Sure, Franson has that great quick shot but Brennan's shot is probably as good. Brenan has already exceeded Franson's best AHL point production in a year.
Franson also has only one more year of RFA status. So the Leafs will soon have to pay more... and Franson has been difficult in contract negotiations.
Trade Franson for a defensive d-man so that Gardiner and Reilly each have someone steady to play with. Have Brennan as your 7th d-man for his shot as a quasi power play specialist.
GW March 5, 2014 at 1:30 PM
I like DP's recommendation, makes sense to me.
Eli March 5, 2014 at 6:11 PM
I get the feeling that Ron Wilson could have had the same success as Randy Carlyle because the Leafs are still playing similar to the way they played under Ron Wilson. The team is similar, but they just have better goaltending. If Bernier would have been here in 2011-2012 wouldn't they have made the playoffs that year and not fallen off the 18 wheeler?
There definitely seems to be an undercurrent of feeling, Eli, that as you note, the Leafs may be in the same situation under their old coach.
It's hard to know for sure, of course, but the only way Carlyle may convince his doubters is if his squad can really play impressive hockey over the next two months.
For me it is hard to separate how these young players are performing from the coaches that should be mentoring them.
But it isn’t just the young players that are having problems. It seems as though whatever system the players are being asked to play does not produce the defensive results needed, if we use shots against as a measure of success or failure. So is it the players or the system? Is it the coaching staff unable to either coax or teach the players to play the system?
I ask myself whether Mike Babcock if he was coach of these players if they would be so consistently badly outshot? Or would this team be outworked as they are on occasion if Ted Nolan was their coach? And if the system the current coaches are using is just not giving the results needed, have they adapted their system, or do they just keep going back to the same well?
If the Leafs don’t make the playoffs then Carlyle is gone. Even if they squeak into the playoffs and don’t have a good first round then I think he’s gone. And the reason won’t be the results per se, but because Carlyle would not have been able to get the players to play his system effectively.
Response below, Steve.
Gerund O'Malley March 5, 2014 at 8:25 PM
As I write, the trade deadline has passed and Leafs stood pat. Honestly, I'm not sure what else they could've done, but it always astonishes me when a GM says there's no way we'll contend for the Cup - but we didn't make a move anyway. Ah well... memories of when Pat Quinn was referred to as "Stand Pat".
I think the disappointing thing about both Kadri and Gardiner this year is the apparent lack of progress. Gardiner still coughs up the puck, one way or another, many times a game. Kadri has just seemed at sea this year - it looked like he and Lupul were finding their old chemistry just before the break, but it's gone for now. No-one denies their talent - or "potential" quotient - but why must we be expected to give them - or any player, for that matter - a "pass" while they develop? Isn't that what the Marlies are for?
All year I've had difficulty determining if my Leaf glass is half full or half empty, and it's because of the maddening and frustrating inconsistency of players like Kadri and Gardiner who looked like they were finally figuring it out last spring.
I suppose it could be worse - I could be a Senators fan.
I sense a lot of Leaf fans were OK with Nonis keeping what he has at the deadline, but I do wonder how there was no way to improve the roster for the playoffs, Gerund. The price for some guys was minimal. A year from now fans should expect more than talking about how young the roster still is.
At the end of the day, one of the ways coaches are judged is whether they got the most out of all of the players on the roster the GM gave them. In this regard, a case can be made that Carlyle's results are certainly a mixed bag. You cite two coaches who are respected because they seem to relate well to players and also get the best out of them. It's fair to ask if Carlyle is doing that. Thanks Steve.
DP March 5, 2014 at 10:07 PM
Almost predictable, Kulemin comes back with Kadi and Lupul and they look like a second line again.
Kadri gets a goal , +1 and 4 shots. Kulemin gets an assist, +1 and 3 shots. Lupul goes pointless, but gets 3 shots, 4 hits, 2 blocked shots and +1.
Why can't they leave that line intact?
leafdreamer March 6, 2014 at 3:04 AM
I'm glad Nonis didn't make a move. It would really suck if we were to trade Kadri or Gardiner or even Franson before we see what they can do in the playoffs. I remember watching them last year - Gardiner and Franson looked huge out there against the Bruins - Gardiner was burning them with his speed and Franson was hitting them hard, winning battles on the boards etc. Kadri was not as impressive but he was contributing too and trying hard, battling for sure.
Carlyle too, I think, has earned the chance to run with it. If his 'system' works for the first line and the first pairing (and it does), then it should work for the others as well - it's not the system - it's the inexperienced players that are just not used to having 'good habits' - they are really young and still learning.
This is the group and this is the coach that took us to the playoffs for the first time since Sundin. They deserve our support. They are so young but they are learning and growing and just may have that fine balance of chemistry and team-spirit that is required to go all the way. What I really like about this team is the modesty they all display - there's a real 'blue-collar' ethic at work here - there are no 'prima donnas' and cliques, our superstar is an anti-star and doesn't want anything to do with stardom. When everyone does their little part we win. I'm excited about the playoffs. I think we have a really good chance this year. I think we'll get close.
At this point I don't think it's possible to tell what Kadri's and Gardiner's ceiling is and they are well on their way to the second consecutive playoffs appearance. Let's see how they do. If they crash and burn there's always summer to try adding the veterans route although I'd probably give them yet another year. There's value in keeping the young group together. It's a 'team' game. They're so young.
I really liked Kulemin's game last night. It's obvious that this line shouldn't be messed with. I hope he's signed again in the summer. Phil Esposito once said that before he would even look at a player he would check first to see who his agent was. There were some he would never deal with. Kulemin has the same agent as Grabovski. I think if we lose Kuli in the summer, Ashton may be able to fill that role.
Other than the gaffs on the powerplay the Leafs played with a lot of energy which I suspect had something to do with the trade dead-line passing. I liked the third line with Raymond, Holland and Clarkson. Bodie, McClement, Ashton was so much better. It worries me that McLaren and Orr are still options but I was relieved to see that Smith cleared waivers. I still long for the day when we can see what some of our young talent can do with more minutes on better lines. C.N.
On further thought I totally goofed! With seven Dmen, Ashton sat out the game. C
Michael Langlois March 6, 2014 at 10:59 AM
Happens to me on a regular basis, C.N.- we are so intent watching but sometimes we miss things, especially a player who is in and out of the line-up or plays modest minutes.
Lukas March 6, 2014 at 11:45 AM
As a Leafs fan for almost 30 Years, I don't recall a season where I have been so frustrated. As bad as they have been in the past, I have not seen a team so inept in their zone and lack any compete level. Watching the Habs game last night after the Leafs fortunate win made me realize how much attitude and will is missing from the Leafs. Brandon Gallagher plays a game that Clarkson and the rest of the Leafs can only dream about. Kadri is significantly better skill wise but doesn't always show up. If he plays with the same passion that we've seen glimpses of in the past and at a level that Gallagher or that hated Marchand displays almost every game, he would be that much closer to being one of the best. The question is why does he not?
When Gardner first came up, his speed and decision making were beyond his years. He has not only regress but has been a liability night in night out. It has been rare to see a game in which he has been mistakes free. His play has been to a point that he actually look a lot slower out there because of poor positioning and lack of compete level for the puck. It's baffling and frustrating seeing this on a regular basis and this is not just from him. Half of this team has the same attitude
I don't know what happen to this team but this is not the same team last year defensively and on paper, they should be a lot better given the additional year of experience. Practically all returning player in my view has played worst defensively. Our standing can only be attributed to 2 things: Goaltending and career years from the 3 guys on the 1st line. Those 5 guys IMO has carried this team. What that tells me is this team cannot or will not play the system that Carlyle is implementing. The structure play of last year is gone. The Collapsing or Swarm system does not work when you still looses puck battle while outmaning the other team and when you do which is often, the open guy is in prime scoring position. That to me is the lack of will and compete level and not because of talent or physical attributes alone. When I see that, I question the leadership booth in the room and on the bench.
You've touched on a word that VLM readers know is important to me in assessing good hockey teams: will. Do these Leafs have the "will" to win the battles you absolutely have to win more often than not to advance in the playoffs.
Skill matters. Systems and good coaching matter. Great goaltending is essential. But for the Leafs to win when it matters, they have to be willing to fight through tough checking to make plays- and also be willing to work their tail off to prevent the opposition from making plays. Great post, thanks Lukas.
leafsdiaries.com March 6, 2014 at 1:39 PM
As it stands now, Kadri is set to become a perennial 50-point scorer in the NHL. For him to grow and become that 70-point scorer we all want (or maybe even more), it's all in his feet. Kadri can fly, but it's nowhere near the instant speed of Phil Kessel. James Van Riemsdyk, while not as fast as Kessel, can use his size as leverage to gain separation before he hits his stride.
Kadri is nowhere near as fast as Kessel, and nowhere near as big as JVR -- making backcheckers and checkers catching up to him and all-too-common occurrence.
For Kadri to reach the next level, he needs to be stronger in his upper body and be deceptive on the ice. Because he can't overly rely on his speed or size.
I believe in him. And I believe his improved defense has often contributed to his offence.
Kadri is a very crafty player who knows where to be on the ice and how to find the open man. Yes he has made strides in his overall game and I'm sure that will continue. He simply needs to apply himself on a more consistent basis, in my view. Players with his instincts inevitably have ing, productive careers. Thanks Antoni - and a nod to your continuing great work at leafdiaries.com
leafsdiaries.com March 7, 2014 at 3:13 AM
Thanks a lot Michael.
"Instincts". A great way to describe Nazem.
One last note, his overreliance on the toe-drag needs to stop lol.
Great post altogether.
Your laugh for the day:
Upon getting to Russia, Leo was proud to play for Dynamo Moscow, but he wasn't letting go of the season prior. Much like you'll see NHL players wear merch from other pro sports teams from time to time, Komarov opted to wear Leafs gear in all sorts of situations...
"So, in response, Dynamo Moscow told their players that NHL merchandise was not to be worn from this point on. This would solve the issue, if this story wasn't about one of the great hockey trolls of our time. Komarov's internal response? "Hey, I also played for the Toronto Marlies..."
"...Not only was Komarov wearing his old [Marlies] gear, he was passing it along to teammates."
You can read the whole funny story here:
http://theleafsnation.com/2014/3/6/the-komarov-rule
Seems like Komorov really did like the Leafs, maybe he could come back.
He'd be a difference-maker for this club, DP. Hard to play against, a bit nasty- some of the ingredients we are missing at times.
Afternoon Michael,
I think I am slightly confused and disappointed by/in Dave Nonis.
If as he stated yesterday - believes that this team is not a contender then I believe he should have traded some of the players that he has on expiring contracts and are unlikely to be resigned - I can think of Raymond, Kulimen, Franson and perhaps Gardiner. Although Reimer is also one of those - it would be foolhardy to trade him now - It either should have happened last summer with LA or another team - or now next summer or maybe even beyond.
Raymond after a bounce back year - will most likely be priced out of this market especially since we are likely to resign Bolland - which I can't understand for the life of me - considering the kind of money he wants and the kind of injury he is trying to recover from - Even the best skater in the league took one year to recover fully - and dave bolland is far older, far diminished a skater, and has more miles and injuries already on him - not sure that is a safe or intelligent way to go - but it seems likely.
Kulimen - will again be too expensive to keep and probably should have been to a team like the penguins who would have loved to have him and maybe get something decent in return for maybe a middling prospect and kulimen.
Franson - is not showing himself well on anything other than the powerplay - and that doesn't bode well - I think Franson, along with Reimer - is an example of poor asset management by Nonis and company - If they didn't believe in these guys then they should have sold high on them- both had statistically best seasons.
Gardiner and Carlyle are like oil and water - they just can't co-exist - End this debacle and make a trade when the value is still there.
Kadri will get better patience is required - and a guy like kulimen - to easy the defensive burden - lupul does not help in that department.
Best players this year are: Kessel, JVR and Bernier.
Contrary to most people's sentiments - Dion Phanuef is not having is best season - at least offensively (that was 2011-12) and defensively - I feel last year after the kostka and holzer experiments - he was better defensively last year than this.
Anon from Scarborough
My instances suggest, Scarborough Anon, that Nonis believes he can 'get by' with his current roster for this season- meaning he will accept middlish results if that is the outcome this spring.
That said, I also sense he believes he will be able to make some moves this summer to bolster the roster and be a more complete (elite?) team in 2014-'15. Whether that's realistic or not, I don't know.
A young team is nice, but a team that is hard to play against and can compete for a championship is even better.
Matty Dubbs March 7, 2014 at 2:30 AM
Well you called them out, and I would argue that they responded in the last game. Kadri played well and potted an overdue goal, and Gardiner showed off his offensive flair (though he wasn't rewarded), which hasn't been up to where some of us hoped (I recall your early post heralding a "break out" season from him). Nothing happened at the trade deadline, and I'm fine with that. The Leafs have don't have the cap space, and they need to hold onto the players they have, regardless as to whether they will be UFAs or not this summer. I'm glad management is sticking with a longer-term plan (it would be unrealistic to make a trade and for a cup run this year), and I hope they will continue to have a patience with Kadri and Gardiner. If/when they make the playoffs, we'll get a proper measure of their growth this year.
A few posters here have mentioned Caryle and the coaching "system" not working as advertised (agreed), and, as you suggested, some are simply not pulling their weight defensively speaking. Good things happen when the Leafs D men are active in the offensive zone (the recent surge prior to the Olympics was due in no small part to a sudden resurgence in offense from the D), they just have problems in their own end..! So, when it comes time to make trades and re-sign players this summer, I hope Nonis and Co. are looking for a solid, defensive defenseman (or two) to balance the rovers like Gardiner and Rielly. Perhaps Franson and Ranger are the odd men out, but I know Carlyle wants right-handed D-men for the right side...
PS: I've always liked him, but I think I'm becoming a real Bozak fan. All the compliments paid to him by coaches and teammates (he does all the "little things," he sees the ice well, he has a high "hockey IQ," etc.) are starting to ring true these days.
Go Leafs!
Thanks for chiming in, Matt. I think most readers understood that I was not suggesting the Leafs move Kadri or Gardiner, simply saying that while they are still young, it's reasonable to ask for a consistent commitment to defense.
And yes, it's hard to argue that Bozak has not been a difference-maker. I hope to have more to say on that soon.
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Exclusive: Lawsuit says Johnson & Johnson was opioid "kingpin"
Johnson & Johnson was the "kingpin" that fueled the country's opioid crisis, serving as a top supplier, seller and lobbyist, according to a state official leading the legal fight against the companies that helped create the crisis.
Why it matters: Purdue Pharma, which makes OxyContin, has been the main target so far in lawsuits. But court documents show attorneys general also are trying to cast a wider net, drawing more attention to J&J's role in the global opioid market.
Driving the news: The first big trial of the opioid epidemic is set to begin in May in Oklahoma. It will set the stage for similar litigation in other states, as well as the consolidated nationwide lawsuit that has been compared to the tobacco litigation of the 1990s.
Oklahoma Attorney General Mike Hunter has asked a state court to publicly release millions of pages of confidential documents that J&J submitted during the discovery phase of the case.
"The public interest in this information is urgent, enduring and overwhelming," he wrote.
Posted on Mar 21, 2019 at 07:36
by: pooja
by: orraz
What the Media Won’t Tell You: Bill Clinton Charged of 11 Felonies and Impeachable Offenses – Trump Accused of ZERO Felonies and 2 Non-Crimes
by: neha1985
Criminals freeze kids in ice in order to harvest organs
Amazon Go Cashierless Stores Will Soon Allow Customers To Use Their Palms To Process Payment As World Moves Closer To Mark Of The Beast
PA Dems Pushing To Release Violent Criminals, Putting Community at Risk
One Year Later, CNN Still Hasn't Taken Down or Corrected Its Jussie Smollett Report
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The BIS, The G20…And Bail-Ins
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From Communpedia
Adbusters Media Foundation
Kalle Lasn; Bill Schmalz
www.adbusters.org
(the foundation's magazine)
File:Adbusters 98 American Autumn cover.jpg
Cover of Issue # 98 (Nov/Dec 2011) of Adbusters
Kalle Lasn and Bill Schmalz
Bi-monthly
The Adbusters Media Foundation is a Canadian-based not-for-profit, anti-consumerist, pro-environment[1] organization founded in 1989 by Kalle Lasn and Bill Schmalz in Vancouver, British Columbia. Adbusters describes itself as "a global network of artists, activists, writers, pranksters, students, educators and entrepreneurs who want to advance the new social activist movement of the information age."[2]
Characterized by some as anti-capitalist or opposed to capitalism,[3] it publishes the reader-supported, advertising-free Adbusters, an activist magazine with an international circulation of 120,000[4] devoted to challenging consumerism. Past and present contributors to the magazine include Christopher Hedges, Matt Taibbi, Bill McKibben, Jim Munroe, Douglas Rushkoff, Jonathan Barnbrook, David Graeber, Simon Critchley, Slavoj Zizek, Michael Hardt, David Orrell and others.
Adbusters has launched numerous international campaigns, including Buy Nothing Day, TV Turnoff Week and Occupy Wall Street, and is known for their "subvertisements" that spoof popular advertisements. In English, Adbusters has bi-monthly American, Canadian, Australian, UK and International editions of each issue. Adbusters's sister organizations include Résistance à l'Aggression Publicitaire[5] and Casseurs de Pub[6] in France, Adbusters Norge in Norway, Adbusters Sverige in Sweden and Culture Jammers in Japan.[7][8]
2 Mental environmentalism
3.1 Anti-advertising
3.2 Media Carta
3.3 Legal action
3.4 Digital Detox Week
3.5 One Flag
4.1 Culture jamming
4.2 Blackspot Shoes campaign
4.3 Occupy Wall Street
5.1 Commercial style
5.2 Accusations of antisemitism
5.3 Ineffective activism
Adbusters was founded in 1989 by Kalle Lasn and Bill Schmalz, a duo of award-winning documentary filmmakers living in Vancouver. Since the early 1980s, Lasn had been making films that explored the spiritual and cultural lessons the West could learn from the Japanese experience with capitalism.
In 1988, the British Columbia Council of Forest Industries, the "voice" of the logging industry, was facing tremendous public pressure from a growing environmentalist movement. The logging industry fought back with a television ad campaign called "Forests Forever." It was an early example of greenwashing: shots of happy children, workers and animals with a kindly, trustworthy sounding narrator who assured the public that the logging industry was protecting the forest.
File:Adbusters talkingrainforest.jpg
Adbusters' first uncommercial
Lasn and Shmalz were outraged by the use of the public airwaves to deliver what they felt was deceptive anti-environmentalist propaganda. And they responded by producing the "Talking Rainforest" anti-ad in which an old-growth tree explains to a sapling that "a tree farm is not a forest." But the duo wasn't able to buy airtime on the same stations that had aired the forest-industry ad. [citation needed] According to a former Adbusters employee, "The CBC's reaction to the proposed television commercial created the real flash point for the Media Foundation. It seemed that Lasn and Schmaltz's commercial was too controversial to air on the CBC. An environmental message that challenged the large forestry companies was considered 'advocacy advertising' and was disallowed, even though the 'informational' messages that glorified clearcutting were OK."[9]
The foundation was born out of their realization that citizens do not have the same access to the information flows as corporations. One of the foundation's key campaigns continues to be the Media Carta, a "movement to enshrine The Right to Communicate in the constitutions of all free nations, and in the Universal Declaration of Human Rights."
For the foundation, concern over the flow of information goes beyond the desire to protect democratic transparency, freedom of speech or the public’s access to the airwaves. Although it supports these causes, the foundation instead situates the battle of the mind at the center of its political agenda. Fighting to counter pro-consumerist advertising is done not as a means to an end, but as the end in itself. This shift in emphasis is a crucial element of mental environmentalism.
Mental environmentalism
The subtitle of Adbusters magazine is "The Journal of the Mental Environment."
In a 1996 interview, Kalle Lasn explained the foundation's goal:
"What we're trying to do is pioneer a new form of social activism using all the power of the mass media to sell ideas, rather than products. We're motivated by a kind of `greenthink' that comes from the environmental movement and isn't mired in the old ideology of the left and right. Instead, we take the environmental ethic into the mental ethic, trying to clean up the toxic areas of our minds. You can't recycle and be a good environmental citizen, then watch four hours of television and get consumption messages pumped at you."[10]
Anti-advertising
Adbusters is anti-advertising: it blames advertising for playing a central role in creating, and maintaining, consumer culture. This argument is based on the fact that the advertising industry goes to great effort and expense to associate desire and identity with commodities. Adbusters believes that advertising has unjustly "colonized" public, discursive and psychic spaces, by appearing in movies, sports and even schools, so as to permeate modern cultures.[11] Adbusters' goals include combating the negative effects of advertising and empowering its readers to regain control of culture, encouraging them to ask "Are we consumers and citizens?."[12]
To counter the belief that advertising focuses on looking toward external rewards for a sense of self, Adbusters recognizes a “natural and authentic self apart from the consumer society”.[13] The magazine aims to provoke anti-consumerist epiphanies. By juxtaposing text and images, the magazine creates a means of raising awareness and getting its message out to people that is both aesthetically pleasing and entertaining.[14]
Activism also takes many other forms such as corporate boycotts and ‘art as protest’, often incorporating humor. This includes clever billboard modifications, google bombing, flash mobs and fake parking tickets for SUVs. A popular example of cultural jamming is the distortion of Tiger Woods’ smile in to the form of the Nike swoosh, calling viewers to question how they view Woods’ persona as a product. Adbusters calls it "trickle up" activism, and encourages its readers to do these activities by honoring culture jamming work in the magazine. In the September/October 2001 "Graphic Anarchy" issue, Adbusters were culture jammed themselves in a manner of speaking: they hailed the work of Swiss graphic designer Ernst Bettler as "one of the greatest design interventions on record", unaware that Bettler's story was an elaborate hoax.
Media Carta
"Media Carta" is a charter challenging the corporate control of the public airwaves and means of communication. The goal is to "make the public airwaves truly public, and not just a corporate domain."[14] Over 30,000 people have signed the document [citation needed] voicing their desire to reclaim the public space. On September 13, 2004, Adbusters filed a lawsuit against six major Canadian television broadcasters (including CanWest Global, Bell Globemedia, CHUM Ltd., and the CBC) for refusing to air Adbusters videos in the television commercial spots that Adbusters attempted to purchase. Most broadcasters refused the commercials fearing the ads would upset other advertisers as well as violated business principles by “contaminating the purity of media environments designed exclusively for communicating commercial messages”.[14] The lawsuit claims that Adbusters' freedom of expression was unjustly limited by the refusals.[15] Adbusters believes the public deserves a right to be presented with viewpoints that differ from the standard. Under Section 3 of the Broadcasting Act, television is a public space allowing ordinary citizens to possess the same rights as advertising agencies and corporations to purchase 30 seconds of airtime from major broadcasters.[16] There has been talk that if Adbusters wins in Canadian court, they will file similar lawsuits against major U.S. broadcasters that also refused the advertisements.[17] CNN is the only network that has allowed several of the foundation's commercials to run.[citation needed]
On April 3, 2009, the British Columbia Court of Appeal unanimously overturned a BC Supreme Court ruling that had dismissed the case in February 2008. The court granted Adbusters the ability to sue the Canadian Broadcasting Company and CanWest Global, the corporations that originally refused to air the anti-car ad “Autosaurus”. The ruling represents a victory for Adbusters, but it is the first step of their intended goal, essentially opening the door for future legal action against the media conglomerates.[citation needed] Kalle Lasn declared the ruling a success and said, "After twenty years of legal struggle, the courts have finally given us permission to take on the media corporations and hold them up to public scrutiny."[18]
Digital Detox Week
File:Adbusters DigitalDetox.jpg
Campaign logo for Digital Detox Week
In April 2009, the foundation transformed TV Turnoff Week into Digital Detox Week, encouraging citizens to spend seven days "unplugged" without any of electronic devices such as video-game systems and computers.
One Flag
The "One Flag" competition encouraged readers to create a flag that symbolized "global citizenship", without using language or commonly known symbols.[19]
File:American Corporate Flag.svg
American Corporate Flag
Culture jamming is the primary means through which Adbusters challenges consumerism.[20] The magazine was described by Joseph Heath and Andrew Potter in their book The Rebel Sell as "the flagship publication of the culture jamming movement."[21] Culture jamming is heavily influenced by the Situationist International and the tactic of détournement. The goal is to interrupt the normal consumerist experience in order to reveal the underlying ideology of an advertisement, media message, or consumer artifact. Culture jamming aims to challenge the large, influential corporations that control mainstream media and the flow of information. It is a form of protest. The term "jam" contains more than one meaning, including improvising, by re-situating an image or idea already in existence, and interrupting, by attempting to stop the workings of a machine.[22]
As already noted, the foundation's approach to culture jamming has its roots in the activities of the situationists and in particular their concept of détournement. This involves the "turning around" of received messages so that they communicate meanings at variance with their original intention. Situationists argue that consumerism creates “a limitless artificiality”, blurring the lines of reality and detracting from the essence of human experience.[11] In the "culture jamming" context, détournement means taking symbols, logos and slogans that are considered to be the vehicles upon which the "dominant discourse" of "late capitalism" is communicated and changing them – frequently in significant but minor ways – to subvert the "monologue of the ruling order" [Debord].
The foundation's activism links grassroots efforts with environmental and social concerns, hoping followers will "reconstruct [their] self through nonconsumption strategies."[11] The foundation is particularly well known for its culture jamming campaigns,[23] and the magazine often features photographs of politically-motivated billboard or advertisement vandalism sent in by readers. The campaigns attempt to remove people from the “isolated reality of consumer comforts”.[14]
Blackspot Shoes campaign
In 2004, the foundation began selling vegan, indy shoes. The name and logo are "open-source";[24] in other words, unencumbered by private trademarks.[25] Attached to each pair was a leaflet - "Rethink the Cool" inviting wearers to join a movement, and two spots - one for drawing their own logos and another on the toe for "kicking corporate ass."[26]
There are three versions of the Blackspot Sneaker. The V1 is designed to resemble the Nike-owned Chuck Taylor All-Stars.[27] There is also a V1 in "fiery red."
The V2 is designed by Canadian shoe designer John Fluevog. It is made from organic hemp and recycled car tires.
After an extensive search for anti-sweatshop manufacturers around the world, Adbusters found a small union shop in Portugal.[28] The sale of more than twenty-five thousand pairs[29] through an alternative distribution network is an example of Western consumer activism marketing.[29]
Heath and Potter's The Rebel Sell, which is critical of Adbusters, claimed that the blackspot shoe's existence proves that "no rational person could possibly believe that there is any tension between 'mainstream' and 'alternative' culture."[21]
In the June 2008 cover story of BusinessWeek Small Business Magazine, the Blackspot campaign was among three profiled in a piece focusing on "antipreneurs." Two advertising executives were asked to review the campaign for the article's "Ask the Experts" sidebar. Brian Martin of Brand Connections and Dave Weaver of TM Advertising both gave the campaign favorable reviews.
Martin noted that Blackspot was effectively telling consumers, "We know we are marketing to you, and you are as good as we are at this, and your opinion matters," while Weaver stated that "This is not a call to sales of the shoe so much as it is a call to participate in the community of Adbusters by buying the shoe."[30]
Main article: Occupy Wall Street
The poster Adbusters used to promote Occupy Wall Street
In mid-2011, Adbusters Foundation proposed a peaceful occupation of Wall Street to protest corporate influence on democracy, a growing disparity in wealth, and the absence of legal repercussions behind the recent global financial crisis.[31] They sought to combine the symbolic location of the 2011 protests in Tahrir Square with the consensus decision making of the 2011 Spanish protests.[32] Adbusters' senior editor Micah White said they had suggested the protest via their email list and it "was spontaneously taken up by all the people of the world.”[31] Adbusters' website said that from their "one simple demand—a presidential commission to separate money from politics" they would "start setting the agenda for a new America."[33] They promoted the protest with a poster featuring a dancer atop Wall Street's iconic Charging Bull.[34][35]
While the movement was started by Adbusters, the group does not control the movement, and it has since grown worldwide.
Commercial style
The foundation has been criticized for having a style and form that are similar to the media and commercial product that it attacks, that its high gloss design makes the magazine too expensive, and that a style over substance approach is used to mask sub-par content.[36]
Heath and Potter posit that the more alternative or subversive the foundation feels, the more appealing the Blackspot sneaker will become to the mainstream market. They believe consumers seek exclusivity and social distinction and have argued that the mainstream market seeks the very same brand of individuality that the foundation promotes; thus they see the foundation as promoting capitalist values.[21]
The Blackspot Shoes campaign has stirred heated debate, as Adbusters admits to using the same marketing techniques which it denounces other companies for using.[27]
Accusations of antisemitism
In March 2004, the foundation was accused of antisemitism after running an article[37] that alleged many neoconservative supporters of the Iraq War within the Bush Administration were Jewish. The article questioned why the political implications of this neoconservative influence on U.S. foreign policy in the Middle East, given the role of Israel, were not a subject of debate.[38]
In October 2010, Shopper's Drug Mart pulled Adbusters off of its shelves after a photo montage[39] comparing the Gaza Strip to the Warsaw ghetto was featured in an article critiquing Israel's embargo of Gaza.[40] Two frequently pro-Israel Canadian organizations, the Canadian Jewish Congress and Honest Reporting Canada, rallied to have the magazine blacklisted from bookstores, accusing Adbusters of trivializing the Holocaust and of antisemitism.[41][42][43] "The argument is obscene, and continues the disgusting tradition of some supporters of the Palestinian cause to turn Jews into Nazis and Palestinians into Jews. In so doing, these propagandists not only demonize Israelis (i.e., Jews), but minimize the murderous extent and intent of [Nazism's] genocidal project."[44] Adbusters responded to the charges in an op-ed printed in the National Post, arguing that the charge of antisemitism was being used to silence legitimate criticism of Israeli policies, namely "Israel's occupation of Palestine."[45] Adbusters also pointed out that the Canadian Jewish Congress has itself been the target of complaints by Jewish Canadians, including the left-leaning activist and author Naomi Klein, who signed an open letter declaring, "We are appalled by recent attempts of prominent Jewish organizations and leading Canadian politicians to silence protest against the State of Israel. We are alarmed by the escalation of fear tactics."[46] Some American academics, including Norman Finkelstein, an anti-Zionist political scientist, also Jewish, have also compared Gaza to the Warsaw ghetto.
The pictures of the Warsaw ghetto were obtained from the U.S. Holocaust Memorial Museum a year and a half before their use and were provided for a one-time use only.[42] When advised of the use, the museum sent Adbusters a cease and desist letter demanding that the photos be immediately removed from Adbusters’ website.[47] It was later discovered that the images used by Adbusters were in the public domain and/or not owned by the U.S. Holocaust Memorial Museum. The confusion resulted from the fact that the U.S. Holocaust Memorial Museum has pictures on file that they do not own the copyright to, but merely provide access to.
Ineffective activism
Some critics claim that culture jamming does little to incite real difference.[22] Others declare the movement an easy way for upper- and middle-class citizens to feel empowered by engaging in activism that bears no personal cost, such as the campaign “Buy Nothing Day”. These critics feel a need for “resistance against the causes of capitalist exploitation, not its symptoms”.[11]
In 1999 Adbusters won the award for National Magazine of the Year in Canada.[48]
Ad creep
Free Culture movement
Geez Magazine
Timeline of Occupy Wall Street
StayFree! Magazine
↑ "About". Adbusters Media Foundation. Retrieved October 3, 2011.
↑ "About Adbusters." Adbusters Media Foundation. Retrieved December 19, 2010.
↑ Fighting guerrilla graffiti, Eric Pfanner, New York Times, March 15, 2004 http://www.nytimes.com/2004/03/15/business/worldbusiness/15iht-ad15_ed3__0.html
↑ May, Kevin. "Adbusters: Tackling Globalisation with Ad Subversion", Campaign, September 11, 2003. Retrieved on April 29, 2010. [dead link]
↑ Résistance à l'Aggression Publicitaire
↑ Casseurs de Pub
↑ bndjapan.org.
↑ adbusters.cool.ne.jp.
↑ "Adbusters Zine from 1993".
↑ Motavalli, Jim (April 30, 1996). "Cultural Jammin'". E - The Environmental Magazine 7 (3): 41. http://www.emagazine.com/magazine-archive/cultural-jammin.
↑ 11.0 11.1 11.2 11.3 Rumbo, Joseph D. (2002). "Consumer Resistance in a World of Advertising Clutter: The Case of Adbusters". Psychology and Marketing 19 (2): 127–48. .
↑ [Marnie W. Curry-Tash, “The Politics of Teleliteracy and Adbusting in the Classroom”, English Journal 87(1), 1998]
↑ [ Joseph D. Rumbo, “Consumer Resistance in a World of Advertising Clutter: The Case of Adbusters”, Psychology and Marketing, Vol.19(2), February 2002]
↑ 14.0 14.1 14.2 14.3 "Culture Jams and Meme Warfare: Kalle Lasn, Adbusters, and media activism", Wendi Pickerel, Helena Jorgensen, and Lance Bennett, April 19, 2002
↑ "Adbusters Takes Canadian TV Networks to Court", CBC News, September 15, 2004. [dead link]
↑ "Adbusters Wins Legal Victory in Ongoing Case Against the CBC and CanWest", www.marketwire.com, April 6, 2009
↑ Satya May 05: Interview with Kalle Lasn of Adbusters
↑ Morrow, Fiona (April 6, 2009). Fiona Morrow, "Adbusters Wins Right To Sue Broadcasters over TV Ads" The Globe and Mail.
↑ ["About Adbusters." Adbusters Culturejammer Headquarters | Journal of the mental environment . 4 Mar. 2009 <http://www.adbusters.org/about/adbusters>.]
↑ Lasn, Kalle (2000). Culture Jam, New York: Quill.
↑ 21.0 21.1 21.2 Heath, Joseph and Potter, Andrew. The Rebel Sell. Harper Perennial, 2004.
↑ 22.0 22.1 Kari Pritchard, “Questioning Culture”, www.cordweekly.com, April 1, 2009.
↑ Willan, Claude. "We're All Borf in the End", The Washington Post, July 24, 2005. Retrieved on November 20, 2007.
↑ Blackspot - Blackspot Shoes.
↑ ""Rethink The Cool" blackspot leaflet transcribed by a retailer"
↑ 27.0 27.1 Aitch, Iain. "Kicking against the system", The Independent, December 15, 2003. Retrieved on November 20, 2007.
↑ "About the shoes", Blackspot website. Retrieved June 2007.
↑ 29.0 29.1 Blackspot - Blackspot Shoes
↑ Meet the Antipreneurs. BusinessWeek Small Business Magazine. URL accessed on July 31, 2008.
↑ 31.0 31.1 Fleming, Andrew Adbusters sparks Wall Street protest Vancouver-based activists behind street actions in the U.S. The Vancouver Courier. URL accessed on September 30, 2011.
↑ Sira Lazar “Occupy Wall Street: Interview With Micah White From Adbusters”, Huffington Post, October 7, 2011, at 3:40 in interview
↑ Adbusters, Adbusters, July 13, 2011; accessed September 30, 2011
↑ Beeston, Laura (October 11, 2011). "The Ballerina and the Bull: Adbusters' Micah White on 'The Last Great Social Movement'". The Link. http://thelinknewspaper.ca/article/1951. Retrieved October 12, 2011.
↑ Schneider, Nathan Occupy Wall Street: FAQ. The Nation. URL accessed on October 12, 2011.
↑ McLaren, Carrie. "Culture Jamming (tm): Brought To You By Adbusters." Stay Free!. Retrieved September 13, 2005.
↑ Lasn, Kalle. Why won't anyone say they are Jewish?. Adbusters.
↑ Template:Cite document
↑ Mohammad, Saeed David. Never Again: A Ghettoized Gaza Bears Striking Resemblance to the Warsaw Ghetto. Adbusters. URL accessed on February 18, 2011.
↑ Hoffer, Steven. "Adbusters Yanked From Store Shelves; Anti-Semitic Photo to Blame?", AOL News, November 4, 2010. Retrieved on 5 March 2011. “The anti-consumerist, culture-jamming Adbusters magazine – recently known as the hipster publication that ragged on hipsters -- is being taken off the shelves at Canadian drugstore chain Shoppers Drug Mart following a dispute over a "Truthbombs" photo spread juxtaposing images of Gaza and the Warsaw Ghetto, according to The Globe and Mail.”
↑ Bernie Farber and Len Rudner: Selling anti-Semitism in the book stores.
↑ 42.0 42.1 Lungen, Paul. Magazine's Photo Essay Called Anti-Semitic.
↑ Adbusters' Spurious Gaza – Warsaw Ghetto Comparison. HonestReporting. URL accessed on March 5, 2011.
↑ Antisemitism on Your Magazine Rack – Courtesy of Adbusters. Canadian Jewish Congress. URL accessed on March 5, 2011.
↑ Lasn, Kalle. A Tale of Two Ghettoes. National Post.
↑ http://www.sources.com/Releases/NR256.htm Jewish Canadians Concerned About Suppression of Criticism of Israel
↑ "Adbusters: journal of the mental environment." Counterpoise. Gainesville: April 30, 2000. Vol. 4, Iss. 1/2; pg. 71
http://depts.washington.edu/gcp/pdf/culturejamsandmemewarfare.pdf "Culture Jams and Meme Warfare: Kalle Lasn, Adbusters, and media activism", Wendi Pickerel, Helena Jorgensen, and Lance Bennett, April 19, 2002.
http://www.marketwire.com/press-release/Adbusters-Media-Foundation-971292.html "Adbusters Wins Legal Victory in Ongoing Case Against the CBC and CanWest", www.marketwire.com, April 6, 2009.
http://www.theglobeandmail.com/servlet/story/RTGAM.20090406.wads0406/BNStory/National/home Fiona Morrow, "Adbusters wints right to sue broadcasters over TV ads", theglobeandmail.com, April 6, 2009.
Italy: Adbusters | Subvertising.org | Subvertising.noblogs.org
Academic and news sites
Interview with Kalle Lasn - Founder of Adbusters
Culture Jammers find magic button for peace and quiet Sun Herald (April 13, 2005) Daniel Dasey.
Activism for the Mind: Reclaiming Our Cerebral Commons, Kalle Lasn with Natasha Mitchell, ABC Radio National, All in the Mind March 12, 2005.
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Classic Kim
"Trump Is Not Extricating Himself on Iran. He Is Being ‘Dug in’" (Crooke). As always, I'm not so much worried about another War For The Jews. A false flag is always a possibility, but who would do it? The Israelis are rolling along quite nicely now, what with the beshekeled and blackmailed Trump giving them everything they could possibly want, and then some. An attack on Iran ends these rosy days, and may replace the Khazarocracy in the aftermath of a Hezbollah regime-changey rocket attack on Israel (the extremely horrible world economic collapse will also, justly, be blamed on the Khazars, who will then finally earn the wrath of Americans). The Saudis are always solely concerned about keeping their heads attached to their bodies, and an Iranian counterattack on Saudi oil infrastructure would be just the ticket to so wreck the country's finances that the poor suffering people of Saudi Arabia might very well start their own headlopping.
What bothers me is that Trump's 'art of the deal' shenanigans - basically 'good cop, bad cop', where his underlings soften up the other side by behaving like madmen, leaving the 'reasonable' Trump to come in and seal the deal, a deal more favorable to the American side than if he just went in cold - don't ever work (they might have worked once in some NY real estate deal, but even that is unlikely). Unlike in commercial deals, where the shenanigans just disappear with no lasting consequences, in these cases there is never any resolution, and the sanctions, which cause real problems, up to an including death, for poorer people, continue, forever. Trump loses face if he stops sanctioning without a 'win', and the madmen around Trump make any kind of deal impossible, so there is never a resolution, and resolutionlessness is built into the program.
"Abe’s mediatory mission to Tehran hangs in the balance" (Bhadrakumar). Note how the (((media))), exactly as you would expect, is ahead of even Bolton, trying to make everything surrounding Iran more bellicose than it actually is, hoping, in the most quintessentially Khazar stunt imaginable, to get WWIII. Iran remembers what happened to Libya, which fell for the same Assholian tricks:
"Foreign Minister Javad Zarif has welcomed Abe’s visit — “We will carefully listen to Abe’s views, and then will express ours in detail.” But he stressed that the US must stop its ‘economic war’. He disclosed that Tehran has already sensitised Abe in the matter.
Importantly, the Spokesman of Iran’s Supreme National Security Council has noted that the success of Abe’s visit could be guaranteed if only Japan has made efforts to “return the US to the JCOPA (2015 nuclear deal) and compensate (sic) the losses suffered by Iran (due to sanctions)” as well as to remove the US sanctions regime.
Abe’s visit to Tehran is a milestone in Japan-Iran bilateral relations insofar as this is the first such event since the Islamic Revolution in 1979, although the two countries have kept up friendly ties all through. Tehran pins hopes that Abe can win waivers from the US to be able to buy oil from Iran.
Quite obviously, the benchmark for the Iranian negotiators will be the remarks made by Supreme Leader Ayatollah Ali Khamenei on May 29 during an an address to a gathering of Iranian academicians, researchers and elites in Tehran. Khamenei said that the bottomline is, “We will not negotiate on the core issues of the Revolution. Negotiations on this issue imply trading; that is, they mean we give up on our defensive capabilities. We will not negotiate our military capability.”
In general, Khamenei said the US has a history of targeting the assets of a country by pressurising it. In this, negotiation becomes a tactic to compel the interlocutor to trade its national assets. “They (US) pressure until the adversary gets tired, and then propose to negotiate. This negotiation is complementary to the pressure and aims to cash in on the pressures. They impose pressure and then propose to negotiate. This is what negotiation means to them. Their strategy is not negotiation. It is pressure. Negotiation is part of the pressure strategy.”
That is why, Khamenei underscored, Iran has had to resort to resistance as a “countermeasure.” To quote him, “The countermeasure for us (Iran) is to use our own means of pressures to contend their (US) pressure. However, if we are deceived by their call for negotiations and consider our means of pressures unnecessary, we would slip and that equals (means) absolute defeat.” (Excerpts of Khomeini’s speech are here.)"
Lot's of praise for this piece around the internets (it's too bad for the good writers at The Intercept that it is so spooked up): "An Iranian Activist Wrote Dozens of Articles for Right-Wing Outlets. But Is He a Real Person?" (Hussein). Trump based his actions in getting out of the Iranian deal, and the subsequent sanctions, partly on the PR basis established by the imaginary writer who fronted for MEK. Tweet (Tom Gara):
"This is amazing: Forbes, The Hill, the Daily Caller and The Federalist all published articles by an Iranian opposition activist who does not exist and is actually just a fake Twitter account run by a bunch of dudes in Albania"
"Trump’s Middle East ‘Deal of the Century’ and his ‘Kosher Quartet’" (Madsen). Just a smidgen less greedy, and a little less supremacist and gloaty in the comments from President Jared and 'American' 'Ambassador' Friedman, and they might have gotten away with this biggest of Khazar thefts. As is so often the case, inter-macher rivalries - for example, the Rothschilds aren't happy about these American machers getting all the credit - are behind much of the issue and its problems (these rivalries also explain the break between American machers like Sheldon, striving for WWIII, and Israel itself, which is much cooler on the possible repercussions of an attack on Iran, and sees Iran Talk as more valuable than an actual attack on Iran)
Who could argue with any of this?: "Doug Casey on What Happens After the Next War".
Taibbi on Solomon's revelations: "Exposé in "The Hill" challenges Mueller, media". Of course, the (((media))) has to hide this as it fundamentally challenges any possible credibility they might have left. We're reached the point where the 'news' (((media))) has to hide real and important news as it is too embarrassing to itself to publish. And then there's the whole issue that Mueller effectively lied in his report!
Tweet (Ian Goodrum):
""It's actually fine we and everyone else got a giant story totally wrong.""
"North Korean leader Kim Jong-un 'executes a general accused of plotting a coup by throwing him into a piranha-filled fish tank'" (Howard) (see here):
"A UK intelligence force told Daily Star: 'The use of piranha is classic Kim."
"Israel as One Man: A Theory of Jewish Power" (Guyénot). I think it is the fundamental mistake to take the Hebrew Bible as the underpinning of Khazar group behavior (Haredi students know the Talmud upside down but are only vaguely familiar with the Torah, very sensible in that the Hebrew Bible was written by and for the people we now call Palestinians, and has fuck all connection to the Khazars, whose home-made scriptures are the Talmud), but there are interesting parts here on the essential parasitism of Israel (to the point it would be parasitic even if it didn't have to be), the importance to group supremacists of interbreeding, and the whole characteristic nepotism racket and its political uses.
Needless to say, the beshekeled are wailing about the protests against the monster Cotler: "Yet Another Pro-Israel Circus in Canada’s Parliament" (Lascaris).
Tweet (William Owen):
"Frau Freeland, Canada's the worst and most dangerous foreign minister in Canadian history is Ukrainian is running this operation. Her granddad was a Nazi. She still is."
Justified shade cast by Cuba at the Assholian protectorate called Canada: tweet (Anya Parampil):
"“We hope Canada will soon regain sovereignty over its foreign policy.”"
Human rights consultant
Monsters Walk The Earth
Think with your fat! / Major 'Blow' / Smile becaus...
No even on my radar
Worthy of trust
Endless wars
Violates
Wanted, Misery Instigator
We'll be back for you Jeffery!
Buster Keaton outtake
And I had no idea how it got there
To veil the threat of terror
Colonial unease
At the top of the page
Cast-iron club
Copycats
Bloody liar
Personal astrologer
2,800 year plan
Your home is my home
Shechita
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Projekte des ZBSA
John Meadows, in cooperation with Carl Heron, Oliver Craig, Henny Piezonka, Olga Lozovskaya, Katia Dolbunova and many others
In the southwest Baltic, pottery first appeared in the mid-5th millennium cal BC, among Late Mesolithic hunter-gatherer-fisher communities. Although these groups had contact with pottery-making Neolithic farmers to the south, they appear to have adopted pottery production from further east. Pottery was made for thousands of years before the adoption of farming throughout the forest zone of north-eastern Europe, and in this region the term Neolithic denotes hunter-gatherer-fishers with pottery (Figure 1).
Figure 1: use of pottery by c.5500 cal BC, among farming societies (grey shading) and hunter-gatherer-fisher groups (coloured areas), based on legacy radiocarbon dates (H. Piezonka, 2015. Jäger, Fischer, Töpfer. Archäologie in Eurasien 30)
Although several attempts have been made to map the spread of pottery production between the Urals and the Baltic, existing radiocarbon data are deeply unsatisfactory, for various reasons:
A large proportion of legacy dates are old radiometric measurements with large uncertainties, on unsuitable sample types (e.g. bulk sediment, pottery total organic carbon)
The relationship between pottery and more reliable dating material (e.g. bone, wood, charcoal) is often unclear, and there has been no systematic attempt to integrate calibrated radiocarbon results with relative dating (stratigraphic and typological) (Figure 2)
Figure 2: calibrated radiocarbon dates from samples all apparently associated with a short-lived hunter-gatherer-fisher site with early pottery (J. Meadows, after Karmanov et al). This is an unusual situation, which allows dates of contemporaneous materials to be compared; often legacy dates are all on one sample type, and/or come from longer-lived sites, and are thus even harder to interpret.
The most precise dates for early pottery are AMS radiocarbon ages of food-crust samples, which may be subject to unquantifiable freshwater reservoir effects, if fish was one of the ingredients cooked in the pot, making the dates appear spuriously old
There is a strong geographic pattern to the types of materials dated (Figure 3).
Figure 3: Geographic distribution of >1200 legacy 14C dates apparently associated with early hunter-gatherer-fisher pottery, colour-coded by sample type. Blue: bone; black: charcoal; green: wood; brown: peat; grey: sediment; white: shell; red: pottery (J. Meadows).
In 2014, in collaboration with Olga Lozovskaya and the late Vladimir Lozovski, we began working on the Mesolithic-Neolithic Zamostje 2 site, north of Moscow (c.6500–4000 cal BC). Fishing was an essential part of the subsistence economy, as evidence by abundant fish remains, the wide range of artefacts used for fishing, and dietary stable isotopes on Mesolithic human remains (Meadows et al. 2019, Quaternary International. doi.org/10.1016/j.quaint.2019.07.017), but herbivore bones are also common and wild plant foods were used regularly. The Lozovskis controversially argued that pottery was not used at Zamostje 2 until the second quarter of the 6th millennium, whereas similar ceramics were dated elsewhere to 6000 cal BC or earlier.
Our current chronological model, combining existing AMS and radiometric dates on a wide range of sample types with the stratigraphic sequence and 25 new AMS food-crust dates (from both the early and middle Neolithic phases), places the adoption of pottery at Zamostje in the 57th century (soon after 5700 cal BC). We initially used EA-IRMS to distinguish food-crusts composed mainly of plant ingredients (low δ15N, high C/N) from those likely to be dominated by fish (high δ15N, low C/N), a pattern which is confirmed both by the 14C ages obtained (plant-based samples give more tightly clustered and later dates than fish-dominated samples) and by detailed biomolecular analysis of a much bigger sample set at the University of York (Figure 4). These results imply that much older dates from comparable pottery elsewhere are even more anomalous than previously thought.
Figure 4: bulk EA-IRMS values and biomarkers in early (orange) and middle (green) Neolithic pottery food-crusts from Zamostje 2: (A, filled diamond: amyrin present, derived from plant foods; B, = filled circle: full set of aquatic biomarkers present, derived from fish) (Bondetti et al. 2019, Quaternary International. doi.org/10.1016/j.quaint.2019.05.008)
We are now (2016-2021) participating in the ERC-funded INDUCE project (http://www.neigle.com/induce/), through which we have the resources to transform the chronology of early pottery in north-eastern Europe (600+ new AMS dates, if enough suitable samples are available). Through biomolecular, isotopic and microscopic analyses at the British Museum and the University of York, INDUCE is investigating the function of c.2000 pots from hunter-gatherer-fisher sites throughout the region from the Caspian and Urals to the south-west Baltic. The INDUCE dating programme includes
Dating food-crusts from typologically diagnostic sherds, usually after the full suite of analytical methods has been applied to determine the food-crust ingredients
Dating herbivore bones and plant fibres that are stratigraphically or functionally associated with early pottery, with species determination by ZooMS and C and N stable isotope measurement of bone collagen
Dating fully aquatic species across the study region, including modern fish, in order to better understand regional and local variation in freshwater reservoir effects
Experimental dating of different chemical fractions of well-dated Neolithic ceramics, to gain insights into the carbon sources responsible for pottery total organic carbon dates
From October, a specialist position for spatial-temporal modelling of the new results and legacy 14C data, based at the British Museum.
As well as providing robust chronologies for individual sites, we aim to test various scenarios for the spread of pottery in north-eastern Europe, including multiple exogenous sources and independent local development.
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Tag Archives: Ron Caragher
Mountain West football media day – West Division notes
Posted on July 28, 2015 by Robert Gagliardi
Here are some news and notes from Tuesday’s first day of Mountain West football media day activities here in Las Vegas. Tuesday featured teams from the West Division. Players and coaches from the Mountain Division get their turn Wednesday.
–Nevada coach Brian Polian isn’t one to hold back his opinions, and he wasn’t happy that this season’s rivalry game with UNLV is not at the end of the season,
Brian Polian
like many rivalry games are around the nation, or during the weekend of Nevada Day, which celebrates when Nevada became a state back in 1864. Nevada Day is Friday, Oct. 30 this year.
This year’s game is Oct. 3 at UNLV.
This reminds me of the Border War with Wyoming and Colorado State. There was a decent stretch when that game was played at the end of the season with other rivalry games. However, that usually came during the weekend of Thanksgiving, and attendance in Laramie or Fort Collins were poor with students not around, and usually one of the two teams not being very good.
I’ve written in the past that the Border War should be played more toward the middle of the season. The weather is better and there is more fan interest. Attendance figures at both schools back that up. Not sure what to say about the Nevada-UNLV game, but one thing is certain, Polian doesn’t like the set up this year.
Posted in Football | Tagged 2015 MW Football Media Days, Brett Smith, Brian Polian, Cody Fajardo, Craig Bohl, David Fales, Derek Carr, Eddie Yarbrough, Nevada Wolf Pack, Ron Caragher, Shaun Wick, Tony Sanchez, UNLV Rebels, Wyoming Cowboys, Wyoming Football
Final Mountain West football power rankings/picks
Posted on December 5, 2014 by Robert Gagliardi
My final installment of the Mountain West football power rankings and picks.
1. No. 22 Boise State (10-2 overall, 7-1 MW): Could have easily been at the top the last few weeks as it finished the regular season with seven straight wins. The best offense in the conference and arguably the most physical defense. Should win its first MW championship after Saturday’s title game at home versus Fresno State. This week: vs. Fresno State (MW Championship Game), 8 p.m. MT Saturday (CBS). At home on the blue turf on prime time TV with a New Year’s bowl game on the line. Enough said. Boise State 45, Fresno State 20.
2. Colorado State (10-2, 6-2): A loss at Air Force last week bumped the Rams down, and now must find a new coach as Jim McElwain took the Florida job. Still a great season for CSU, but how will it respond moving forward?
3. Air Force (9-3, 5-3): The only team in the conference to beat both Boise State and Colorado State this season. The transformation from 2-10 last year has been amazing, and most of the talent returns next season.
4. Utah State (9-4, 6-2): Even though the Aggies beat Air Force this season, they drop a spot based on the 50-19 pounding they took at Boise State last week. Still, a great season and one of the most solid programs in the MW. Now, will Utah State keep its coach?
5. San Diego State (7-5, 5-3): I know Fresno State won the West Division and beat San Diego State in the regular season, but the Aztecs were the better overall team and the most consistent (if there was such a thing in that division).
Posted in Football | Tagged Air Force Falcons, Bob Davie, Boise State Broncos, Colorado State Rams, Craig Bohl, Fresno State Bulldogs, Hawaii Rainbow Warriors, Jim McElwain, MW football power rankings/picks, Nevada Wolf Pack, New Mexico Lobos, Robert Gagliardi, Ron Caragher, San Diego State Aztecs, San Jose State Spartans, UNLV Rebels, Utah State Aggies, Wyoming Cowboys
UW-San Jose State football key to the game; other notes and quotes
Posted on October 18, 2014 by Robert Gagliardi
Here is WyoSports senior editor Robert Gagliardi’s top key to the game for the Wyoming Cowboys in their homecoming game at 2 p.m. today against San Jose State at Jonah Field at War Memorial Stadium:
Possess the ball — and finish: Wyoming wants to wear teams down in the fourth quarter. To do that, it must possess the ball and finish drives. Even when the Cowboys can’t do that, they need to avoid a lot of three-and-outs and flip field position in the punt game. UW has a slight edge in time of possession this season at 30 minutes, 50 seconds, but it needs that figure to be around 34 or 35 minutes.
Yes, no? What do you think about this one?
Here is Gagliardi and WyoSports editor Scott Nulph’s preview for today’s game.
Posted in Football | Tagged Colby Kirkegaard, Craig Bohl, D.J. May, Darrenn White, Dominic Rufran, Jalen Claiborne, Joe Gray, Mark Nzeocha, Robert Gagliardi, Robert Herron, Robert Priester, Ron Caragher, San Jose State Spartans, Scott Nulph, Shaun Wick, Steve Stanard, Travis Raciti, Wyoming Cowboys, Wyoming Football, Xavier Lewis
Mountain West football power rankings and picks – Week 1
Posted on August 27, 2014 by Robert Gagliardi
WyoSports senior editor Robert Gagliardi with his first weekly installment of his Mountain West football power rankings and picks for the Week 1 of the college football season. Look for this every week during the football season, and as always, your feedback is welcome.
1. Utah State: The defending Mountain Division champs get senior quarterback Chuckie Keeton back from a knee injury, and it may be a stretch to put the Aggies this high not knowing how good Keeton will be. But there is a proven backup behind him and a lot of good players on defense. This week: at Tennessee, 5 p.m. MT, Sunday (SEC Network). Of all the MW teams playing big-time programs this week, Utah State may have the best chance to win. But I am still going with the Vols in a close one. Tennessee 27, Utah State 24.
2. Fresno State: Not only do the Bulldogs have to replace quarterback Derek Carr, but they also lost some really good receivers. Still, there are players in the pipeline that can fill the void. This team will still be good. This week: at USC 5:30 p.m. MT, Saturday (FOX). Even with Carr and Co., Fresno State was blown out by USC in last year’s Las Vegas Bowl. USC has a new coach and has a mess on its hands with the Josh Shaw saga, but it still has enough to win. USC 31, Fresno State 20.
3. Boise State: The Bryan Harsin era begins, and one has to wonder if the Broncos will remain among the MW’s powers. They will, thanks to Harsin’s new wrinkles and what was built by former coach Chris Petersen. There are too many good players on that roster not to. This week: vs. Ole Miss, 6 p.m. MT Thursday (ESPN). The Broncos will go to Atlanta and pick up the league’s best win over a nonconference foe. Boise State 30, Ole Miss 23.
Posted in Football | Tagged Air Force Falcons, Blake Decker, Bob Davie, Boise State Broncos, Bryan Harsin, Chuckie Keeton, Cody Fajardo, Cole Gautsche, Colorado State Rams, Craig Bohl, Derek Carr, Devante Davis, Fresno State Bulldogs, Hawaii Rainbow Warriors, MW Conference, Nevada Wolf Pack, New Mexico Lobos, Norm Chow, picks, Power rankings, Ron Caragher, San Diego State Aztecs, San Jose State Spartans, UNLV Rebels, Utah State Aggies, Wyoming Cowboys
UW-San Jose State Q&A
WyoSports senior editor Robert Gagliardi did a question-and-answer session with Jimmy Durkin, who covers San Jose State football for the San Jose Mercury-News about Saturday’s game with the University of Wyoming in Laramie.
Follow on Twitter: @Jimmy_Durkin
Look for Q&As with beat writers that cover UW football opponents every week throughout the season.
San Jose State got off to a slow start this season, but injuries played a factor. Can you describe how decimated the team was due to injuries and how is the health of the team heading into the Wyoming game?
Injuries were a fairly large factor. Having starting running back Tyler Ervin out, and still out, was big and the loss of wide receiver Noel Grigsby was huge. It really took them three games to find someone who could somewhat fill Grigsby’s playmaker role, which Tyler Winston has done over the past couple of games. It took the same time to find a crew of running backs to minimize the loss of Ervin, too. The defense lost any semblance of depth with guys like linebacker Vince Buhagiar out and several other guys missing a game or two.
The Wyoming game should represent the healthiest the team has been since the season-opener. Wide receiver Jabari Carr should be back. There’s a chance Ervin is back, but that’s sounding less likely. But several guys that were slightly nicked up or on the verge of returning coming into the Colorado State game should be healthy as the team comes off the bye.
Posted in Football | Tagged Brett Smith, David Fales, Jabari Carr, Jimmy Durkin, Noel Grigsby, Ron Caragher, San Jose State Spartans, Tyler Ervin, Tyler Winston, Vince Buhagiar, Wyoming Cowboys
How many games does the University of Wyoming football team win this season?
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Home About Us Bands Contests History Links
The first contest held in 1881 was organised by a committee of "publicly spirited people about Hawes". At that time the Scaur and much of the surrounding land was owned by the Earl of Wharncliffe who was very supportive of the contest. A contemporary writer describes the great rock indenture as providing a ready-made battleground for bands, and an auditorium capable of holding 30,000 people, producing sounds comparable with our greatest cathedrals.
The bands competed on a stand perched on stilts, no chairs provided. This bandstand was washed away by a great flood on the 12th July 1899. Choirs also competed, performing on the banks of the stream above the Fall. These were test piece contests; in 1898 the band test piece was Donnizetti's "Overture to Lucia di Lammermoor" and the male voice choirs were required to sing Blumenthal's 'What Care I?”.
The early contests were always held on the last Saturday in June and attended by thousands of people many of whom made the weekend their annual holiday. They would travel by train from Middlesborough to Hawes for a return fare of one shilling and sixpence (about 8p in modern money but allowing for inflation, equivalent to about £5.50). A contributor to the “Dalesman” in the 1950s recalled his father saying "Now lads, bi sharp an git all done, weal go ti Hardra efter dinna in t'hoss an t' shandra" and hearing Black Dyke, Besses o' th' Bam and Whingate Temperance competing. Every railway siding from Leyburn to Moorcock station was full of trains transporting crowds to the contest. The women folk of Hawes would gather for a whole week before a contest in order to make sufficient refreshments to feed the many thousands of visitors.
The late eighteen-nineties saw a virtual whitewash by Besses o' th' Barn and they are thought to have been barred from the contest in 1900. Nevertheless, only three bands entered the 1900 contest, one reason given for this poor turn out was that the Railway Companies had withdrawn the concessionary fares previously given to competing bands. However, fifteen choirs turned up for the same event. After playing their main test piece each band was required to play a quickstep for which there were two prizes of £1 and 10s. Again in 1904 only four bands competed, and this seems to have been the last contest to be held until 1920.
It was in 1920 that Mr Edmund Blythe bought the Green Dragon Inn and grounds and laboured with great enthusiasm to restore them, hoping to bring back the bands and large audiences. One of his joys was to build a new bandstand the base of which is still in use today. Alas, Edmund's time, efforts and money to make the revival succeed came a disappointing end; contests, mainly of local bands, were held over the next few years until 1927 when only two bands competed.
1976 saw a further revival of the Contest. The contests were run mainly for bands located in the Dales by a group of Kirkby Lonsdale Band members. The last Contest they organised in 1987 took place in the Hawes Auction Market, apparently because of a difference of opinion with the landlady of the Green Dragon at that time.
The Contest was again revived in 1989 by the Yorkshire & Humberside Brass Band Association under the guidance of their President, the late Fred Bradbury. When D. Mark Thompson became the Innkeeper of the Green Dragon Inn in 2002 he proved very much a 'hands on' supporter of the contest and like Edmund Blythe in 1920 has spent much money and time in restoring the Scar grounds to their former glory. During this series of contests many more bands have competed each year than it would appear did in those early days. Visitors no longer come in thousands, but there are many loyal supporters who turn out come rain or shine. One of the highlights of this last series of seventeen contests took place in 2000 when Besses o' th' Barn returned to their old hunting ground, not to compete but to perform a concert on the Saturday evening prior to the Sunday contest.
The musical content of the contest in recent years has changed to meet the demands of the bands and the audience alike. No longer do bands play set test pieces and quick steps but are required to perform an own choice twenty minute concert programme of generally popular music. However, the grand tradition of the massed band finale has not changed. This takes place at the end of the contest whilst the results are being evaluated and involves players from all competing bands coming together to perform a mini concert of marches and hymn tunes. In 2005 a further item was added to the concert programme in the form of a song entitled "The Old Bandstand". Hand written on manuscript and found 'in a box in an attic', its origin and age is a mystery.
The above is based on material published in souvenir programmes over the years
In Wensleydale for many years,
By Hardraw Falls I understand,
Brass music has set the Dale ablaze,
Like sunrise bursting through a haze.
Refrain: There is no greater sound heard in the land
As what comes from that famous old bandstand
In Wensleydale, both rich and poor,
Do hear trombones and big tubas roar
And golden comets, horns galore.
In Wensleydale as you pass by,
The cornets play all their notes so high,
Like little larks up in the sky.
HARDRAW SCAR BRASS BAND FESTIVAL- HISTORY
Hardraw contest Annual Contest Easingwold Contest
Hardraw Results Hardraw history Past results
Holmfirth results Annual Contest galleries
Easingwold results
Malton Brass Easingwold
Malton results
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Home / Society / The scandal with the Ukrainian designer business in Crimea: new details
The scandal with the Ukrainian designer business in Crimea: new details
08.02.2017 Society 185 Views
Andre tan told whether its stores in Crimea.
Ukrainian designer Andre tan has commented on the rumors that his stores are alleged to be working in the Crimea. The Network has spread information that the Ukrainian brand is represented on the territory of the occupied Peninsula.
According to Andre tan, and he doesn’t sell in the Crimea. “It is unfortunate that in the pursuit of sensationalism most often affects those who really are the most dedicated and works for the benefit of others. Andre Tan company provides a good work of people, and thousands of girls and women makes you happy and beautiful, thanks to new dresses. We are accused that we do business in the occupied territory in the Crimea, but it is absolutely not examining the facts”, — he stressed.
See also: Ukrainian developers have posted a dismal trailer horror The Sinking City
The designer said that the brand was first introduced on the Peninsula until the spring of 2014. “Until March of 2014 year our product was officially introduced in Crimea. At the moment we are not followed by sales in this region. It’s a shame to tears when you’re 15 years old dressed Ukrainian woman, and competitors do the “dirty slander”, — said the designer.
See also: A brutal murder in the river: there are new details
According to Andre tan, shops democratic lines a.TaN by Andre Tan work in 16 Ukrainian cities, including Kiev, Odessa, Kharkiv and Lviv. Clothing is the official website of the brand.
The designer was supported by the fans of the brand who left him messages of support. “You done, criticism tempers, continue to create beauty,” wrote he in Facebook.
Tags Business Crimea designer details scandal ukrainian
To disperse the Cossack party, the call of the Cossacks
Chelyabinsk conscript, who escaped from the part in the TRANS-Baikal region, told about the beatings
Appeal to the European court is considered treason Cossacks
28 years without the USSR
Exactly 28 years ago, became the USSR in late December 1991, the Council of republics …
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NewsChevron Right IconGeorge Pell
Former prime minister Tony Abbott drops by to see convicted paedophile George Pell in Melbourne prison
Chris Hook
Tuesday, 3 December 2019 2:53 am
Tony Abbott visits George Pell in jail
Former prime minister Tony Abbott has been spotted visiting convicted paedophile Cardinal George Pell at his Melbourne prison.
While Abbott did not confirm who he was visiting when he was seen at Melbourne Assessment Prison on Monday morning, the disgraced cardinal is its most high-profile resident.
Watch the video above
Abbott and Pell have been close friends for many years.
"Look, I was simply visiting a friend that's all," Abbott told 7NEWS.
Earlier this year, the 78-year-old former archbishop of Sydney turned Vatican adviser was convicted by a jury of the rape of a 13-year-old choirboy and sexual assault of another at St Patrick's Cathedral in Melbourne in 1996.
He was jailed for six years with a non-parole period of three years and eight months.
Tony Abbott was spotted visiting Melbourne Assessment Prison on Monday. Credit: Joel Carrett/ David Crosling/AAP
More on 7NEWS.com.au
George Pell granted leave to appeal: what happens next?
Why a senior US intelligence official thinks Australia should bring terrorists home
Perth man allegedly shot in the face after opening his front door
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Pell is currently waiting to appeal his conviction in the High Court, which is expected to happen next year with March mooted as the earliest date it may be heard.
Days after Pell's conviction became public knowledge, Abbott called him, later telling 2GB's Ben Fordham the crimes for which he had been convicted don't "sound consistent with the man I have known".
Former Prime Minister Tony Abbott has been criticised after visiting convicted paedophile Cardinal George Pell in jail.
Abbott said the conviction was "devastating for all who believe in the Catholic church, and I'm also one of those".
George PellCourts & JusticeCrimeLaw and orderTony Abbott
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5:27 PM Inside Christopher Wilder's murderous spree across two countries
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‘The Voice': Blake Shelton and Gwen Stefani Get Into First Battle Over Kat Hammock
Wendy Hermanson
The Voice Season 17 kicked off Monday (Sept. 23) with the famed blind auditions—allowing returning coaches Blake Shelton, Kelly Clarkson and John Legend, as well as returning alum Gwen Stefan, to take cracks at their initial team builds. A highlight of this particular season is the rivalry between real-life partners Shelton and Stefani, who have both vowed that they will not go easy on each other in their respective quests to win.
Viewers didn't have to wait long for a little tussle between the lovers. When 18-year-old Kat Hammock, a lilting vocalist with a penchant for old-school hits and some good piano chops, took the stage with Billy Joel's "Vienna," Shelton and Stefani were the sole chair turns—and they both had a lot to say in regards to winning Hammock over.
Stefani, who had been waxing rhapsodic about the kind of female singer she wanted to recruit on her team just shortly before Hammock performed, noted with entrancement: "I was just saying what I want next is a little princess girl that just sings like an angel...that sings beautiful, that will be my little girl," she raved.
Meanwhile, Shelton—who had not yet scored anyone to his team—took a storming approach. "I had three people in the finale last year. There's only four that made it to the finale," he groused. "I have nobody on my team this year! What is going on around here?"
In a desperate move, he brought out a pair of camo fishing waders, emblazoned with his name, and apologized that they aren't as cool as the jackets Clarkson and Stefani have on tap to hand out to team members. "This is stupid! It's because I'm that desperate for you to pick me as your coach," he noted. "'ll just put 'em right here. Dad, they'll probably fit you, dad," he addressed Hammock's father.
Shelton didn't have to go that far, as Hammock went ahead and chose him for her coach. We're sure Stefani will be able to exact her revenge later in the season.
We'll be following along each week to keep up with the Season 17 competition, so be sure to check in weekly to check the progress of your favorites on the show.
6 Unforgettable 'The Voice' Moments
Here Are the 10 Most Successful Country Singers from The Voice:
Source: ‘The Voice': Blake Shelton and Gwen Stefani Get Into First Battle Over Kat Hammock
Filed Under: Blake Shelton, the voice
Categories: Entertainment News, Music News, Television
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OPC Joins Hands With Military To Combat Terrorising Militants In Lagos (Photos)
Posted by Mr Ejump on February 23, 2017, Under: 9ja news
The National Coordinator of Oodua Peoples’ Congress (OPC) Otunba Gani Adam has strengthened a pact to support the Military personnel in the protection of Nigerians from terrorizing militants. Sequel to reported incessant attacks by a crop of militants who have been terrorizing and maiming the people in some communities in the southwest of Nigeria.
This became known Tuesday during a visit of Otunba (Dr) Gani Adams, the National Coordinator of OPC to boost the morale of his members who joined hands with the military personnel to combat the militants and kidnappers who have invaded Abule-Ado-Soba and Ijedodo creeks for some months back.
“We are taking no more chances. I think our tolerance has been mistaken for cowardice and it is time to act. Now we are ready to join hands with the relevant Nigerian forces to smoke out all militants that have constituted themselves as be the tail troubling the dog of Lagosians all these while. We have already moved into action, and they shall all be smoked out and dealt with, in no time.”
These were the words of Barrister Yinka Oguntimehin, Publicity Secretary, Gani Adams led Oodua People’s Congress, OPC, in response to the recent invasion of a part of Lagos State recently by men suspected to be militants, which resulted in shooting at some OPC members and the eventual kidnap of an Army Lieutenant.
Sequel to the gory development, a combined team of military personnel and members of the Oodua People’s Congress, OPC, led by Otunba Gani Adams, have swooped on the sleepy town of Soba, Festac Area and environs in Lagos to quell the recent attack believed to have been masterminded by men suspected to be militants.
The suspected militants had swooped on the area weekend to unleash terror on residents and in the process, kidnapped a military officer, identified as Lieutenant Gyan while the OPC Coordinator in the Zone, Akeem Lawal and one of his boys, Alao Joshua were wounded. Both of them are presently receiving medical treatments in an hospital in Lagos.
In a reprisal attack, a combination of military personnel from Ojo Cantonment, Naval Officers from Navy Town and a team of men of the Gani Adams led OPC, cordoned off the creeks in the area to dislodge the arsonists from their hideout.
It was gathered that the suspected militants, eventually bowed to the superior fire power of the team, resulting to several casualties on the side of the former while their hideouts were burnt down by the joint team.
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No Surprises: Don’t Blow Up That Search
Nothing blows up an executive search process like a surprise, whether it’s a surprise from the candidate or the client. Venture-backed startup or mid-sized public company, surprises detonate with equally devastating results.
In the search process, a delicate chemistry begins binding a finalist candidate to a company, and vice versa. It doesn’t take much to turn that chemistry volatile. And we’ve seen it all.
Candidate examples–
“My spouse has decided we can’t relocate…”
“I’ve thought about the travel and it’s too much…”
“I’ve just had my lawyer look at my non-compete, and there’s this one problem…”
“I liked the whole team except for that last guy, I can’t work with him.”
Client examples–
“You should know, the cap table has so much preference that the valuation needs to increase 100X for management to make money.”
“The board has decided to let the Founder stay on in an operational role…”
“We’ve decided that we don’t want to pay that much, so please find less expensive candidates.”
“We altered the job spec last week and forgot to tell you…”
A dozen times in a given search, we will use the phrase, “Our job is to make sure everyone gets to the finish line knowing everything.” We usually say that by way of explaining to a client or candidate why we’re recommending a difficult conversation or decision. Why? Because surprises, at the least, generate complicating “fear” while, at the worst, they can stop a deal dead in its tracks.
Executive search is a quintessentially human experience for all involved, no matter the size of the executive or the company. As such, time and again, we’re reminded that fear is a core part of human nature. And while the fear instinct is part of our evolutionary biology and a key reason our species has made it this far, fear is also an utterly avoidable way to blow up a search.
Fear is utterly avoidable because the questions are known. The solution is anticipation.
As a client, you should anticipate that the big questions need clear answers. As a candidate, you should likewise anticipate the need to be clear on the big questions. Your search partner should run a process that seeks to make clarity unavoidable and to be everyone’s ally against surprises.
This will all sound familiar to our firm’s clients and the candidates who’ve come through our process, many of whom will recall conversations that were more pointed than they’d prefer. But we’re being paid for success and success means no surprises.
So, whether you’re a client or a candidate, make sure you’re ready for the big questions. They’re for your benefit. The fact that executive search is a very human experience and vulnerable to surprises is a given. What’s not a given is the result of an executive search.
John Boehmer|April 25th, 2017|
About the Author: John Boehmer
John Boehmer is Managing Director of Accelent, Inc., and a 20-year executive search veteran with a unique point of view about identifying, acquiring, and integrating executive talent.
Friends in Action: Content for Your Tribe
Client Q&A: A CEO’s Talent Strategy for Building a Great Business
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Friends in Action
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PebblePost® Doubles Down on Programmatic Direct Mail® Growth with New Executive Appointments
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The Accelent Team
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Home Elsewhere Caesars Entertainment posts loss of $791 million in 15Q3
Earnings & Filings
Caesars Entertainment posts loss of $791 million in 15Q3
Caesars Entertainment Corp. reported a loss of $791 million in 15Q3 largely due to costs associated with the restructuring of its bankrupt subsidiary.
The company no longer includes its operating subsidiary in its results after the unit filed for bankruptcy protection earlier this year which makes it difficult to compare financial results.
But Caesars has promised $966 million to the holders of first-lien debt in the subsidiary Caesars Entertainment Operating Co. as part of its restructuring plan, leading to $935 million worth of costs in the third quarter.
Overall revenue for the casino company was up 12.4 percent compared to a year ago, not counting its bankrupt subsidiary, to $1.14 billion, and the company earned $139 million from operations.
It was the first full quarter for the company’s new Horseshoe Baltimore casino and a finished remodel at the Linq casino-hotel on the Las Vegas Strip.
“We are pleased with our continued strong performance system-wide in the third quarter, delivering our third consecutive quarter of EBITDA growth as well as our highest quarterly EBITDA margins since 2007, and industry-leading Las Vegas strip margins,” said Mark Frissora, president and CEO of Caesars Entertainment.
Caesar’s Mark Frissora to step down in Feb
Pressure mounts on Caesars despite solid financial results
Caesars swings to $110 million net profit in 18Q3
Donaco reports soft start to FY19
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Home Elsewhere David Smail appointed SG executive vice president
David Smail appointed SG executive vice president
Scientific Games said it has appointed David W. Smail as executive vice president and chief legal officer, effective August 3, 2015.
Smail will be based at the company’s global corporate headquarters in Las Vegas.
Smail was executive vice president and general counsel of Morgans Hotel Group Co., where he served as chief legal officer of the hospitality company from 2006 to 2014.
“With more than 20 years of leadership and accomplishments in international business and the legal profession, David’s broad-based global legal and public company expertise and dynamic leadership in support of business objectives, aligns well with our growth strategy,” said Scientific Games’ CEO Gavin Isaacs,
Smail succeeds Katie Lever, the company’s executive vice president and general counsel, who will remain with Scientific Games until August 31 to facilitate the transition.
David Smail
SBTech appoints Isaacs as non-exec chairman
MGE appoints COO and general counsel
MGM Resorts announces leadership changes, effective March
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Ben Denzer, 2011–present
You did more than those two.
— Lily pointing to two pigeons after I said I didn't do anything today
It's a good thing to hide behind.
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You go online, they hated Forest Gump. Frickin' best movie ever.
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The Adoration Of The Home
— Grant Wood, title
What if it looks like a carpet pattern and then it turns into trees that you can look through and see something.
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Ornament Proponent.
— Nick Schmidt
I put you in charge of the limes.
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The doors were equipped with special secret-rim locks: One had to know how to twist the rim with thumb and forefinger before turning the knob, so that an intruder could find himself suddenly trapped in a maze of ostensibly locked doors.
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Well, Donald said the other day in the presence of clients--He said, ''The reason we have Philip Johnson is because if I build his buildings -- probably a terrible building -- but,'' he says, ''if I build this without the name Philip Johnson, nobody ever knows anything about it. If I build the same building with the name Philip Johnson on it, it'll be in The Times, and that's what I want.'' ... And I like him very much. I've never worked with anybody as bright and as quick and as decisive as Donald Trump.
— Philip Johnson after Charlie Rose's question "Now, how much do people-- choose Philip Johnson because they like the name Philip Johnson?, "Philip Johnson 12/20/1994, Charlie Rose
Monotonously inquisitive young man who was known as “the Sponge."
In former times when learning was confined to the monks and priests, then it was that the world stood still.
— John D. Rockefeller, via Titan: The Life of John D. Rockefeller, Sr.
Ricky, even when I get a haircut I'm an architect.
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As homage.
— Mütter Museum guide on books made from the skin of patients whose lives contributed substantially to research
I have a book of castles and I try to pretend that I did not look at this book but everybody reminds me of it and I have to admit that I looked very thoroughly at this book.
Only a religious man could act with such fearless invention for the sheer need rather than the desire for creation.
— Louis Kahn on Le Corbusier in a letter to Harriet Pattison, via You Say To Brick: The Life of Louis Kahn
Only because I realize that you don't have to divorce yourself from yourself to gain an objective.
— Letter from Oscar Kahn to Louis Kahn, via You Say To Brick: The Life of Louis Kahn
We don't want these to melt… I have a heavy investment in these.
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He makes custom bags and then he makes duplicates.
— Kelly
I thought it was 1985.
— Lily on 1984
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Home » mark potok
mark potok
Mark Potok of the SPLC
Summary (posts follow):
Mark Potok is the director of the Southern Poverty Law Center's "Intelligence Project". In that role he issues McCarthyite declarations that some organization are "hate groups" and acts as a quote source for an endless series of MSM articles. The SPLC is indirectly linked to the Mexican government, and much of their recent work consists not of fighting the Klan but instead of fighting those who want to - unlike the SPLC - enforce our immigration laws.
If you trust his judgment, read about how he misled about hate crime statistics.
Discussed in (click each link for the full post):
DHS uses Giffords shooting to push loose borders political agenda (Jared Lee Loughner, American Renaissance) - 01/09/11
[IMPORTANT UPDATE: AmRen has been cleared, and Fox's memo wasn't even from the DHS. See the updates below.] The Department of Homeland Security and various media sources are using the shooting of Gabrielle Giffords by Jared Lee Loughner as an opportunity to try to smear opponents of illegal immigration, focusing on the higher-level white racial separatist group American Renaissance (DHS memo at [1], report at [2]). Not only do they get that group's ideas wrong, but they mislead about what was in Loughner's videos and what appears to have been on his MySpace page. From the memo at [1]: no...
Rep. Gabrielle Giffords, several others shot; Palin, Tea Party candidate - 01/08/11
UPDATES BELOW Rep. Gabrielle Giffords and several others were shot earlier today and there are conflicting reports on whether she and others were killed. Per this: The gunman, who may have come from inside the Safeway, walked up and shot Gifford in the head first, "point blank". According to [an eyewitness, Steven Rayle], who is a former ER doctor, Gifford was able to move her hands after being shot... After shooting Gifford, the gunman opened fire indiscriminately for a few seconds, firing 20-30 rounds and hitting a number of people, including a kid no older than 10 years old... The gunman...
LULAC, Mark Potok of SPLC, NCLR, America's Voice, MMFA cheer & smear over Dobbs leaving - 11/12/09
There's a round-up of reaction from far-left groups to Lou Dobbs' announcement that he's leaving CNN here.
SPLC smears Steve Levy in quest to support illegal activity (Suffolk County, Long Island; CAP) - 09/02/09
The Southern Poverty Law Center has a new report entitled "Climate of Fear/Latino Immigrants in Suffolk County, N.Y." about that county on Long Island, New York (splcenter.org/news/item.jsp?aid=395). County executive Steve Levy has attempted to reduce illegal immigration in his county, such as by taking actions against residences where dozens of illegal aliens live; see this from 2005 and also this (involving then-Mexican consul Arturo Sarukhan) and this. In the current case, the SPLC is trying to conflate Levy's efforts with violent attacks in that county, both reported and simply alleged....
Obama, ADL, SPLC, Phil Gordon, Catherine Herridge, Shep Smith, Joan Walsh, Chris Matthews, others try to exploit shooting at Holocaust Museum - 06/11/09
Here are just some of those trying to use yesterday's shooting at the Holocaust Museum in Washington DC to score political points: * Barack Obama says: "This outrageous act reminds us that we must remain vigilant against anti-Semitism and prejudice in all its forms". That sounds good, until one remembers things like Rev. Jeremiah Wright, "bitter cling", his campaign's constant attempts to race-bait, his smears of Lou Dobbs and Rush Limbaugh, and how he'd deal with "hate" (see #14). * Josh Gerstein of the Politico in "Attacks validate DHS report, some say" (link). He quotes the Southern...
SPLC: DHS rightwing extremist report mentions them and "tracks" theirs "fairly closely" (Harry Smith; +two errors) - 04/16/09
As you haven't heard from almost anyone else, the recent Department of Homeland Security report warning about rightwing extremists mentions - without naming it - a misleading report from the Southern Poverty Law Center. I say "almost" because of this: Mark Potok, director of the [SPLC's] intelligence project, said... he was generally pleased with the report... "Basically, the report tracks fairly closely with what we have been saying for some time now. They mention us a couple of times, though not by name," he said. Anyone who wants to do something effective about the report should stress...
SPLC names "hate group" based on something they didn't promote - 04/10/09
The Southern Poverty Law Center publishes a list of "hate groups" which includes both true hate groups as well as those who simply disagree with the SPLC's support for illegal immigration and the like. That would be insignificant if it weren't for the fact that the mainstream media as well as even government agencies take them seriously.
Carrie Johnson /WaPo smears opponents of Obama, immigration (rise in "hate", SPLC) - 01/11/09
Carrie Johnson of the Washington Post offers "Bad Economy May Fuel Hate Groups, Experts Warn/Experts Warn That Downturn Could Drive Discontent, Help Extremists Recruit" (link), which is basically the same article as that offered by Jesse Washington of the AP and others back in November, albeit updated for the current economic conditions. She starts out with the possibility that Obama's win, immigration, and the slumping economy could lead to rising membership in "hate" groups. Aside from the "experts" quoted, she provides no evidence in support of her assertion, and at the end she provides...
Jesse Washington/AP's supposed "outbreak of racial anger" after Obama win - 11/16/08
Jesse Washington of the Associate Press provides another example of Obama supporters continuing to play the race card after the election and by so doing shows that Obama's method of winning hasn't actually done much about race relations. The article is an example of the MSM and friends basically just keeping one race in line as was done in the past with another race (link). Crosses burning. Children chanting, "Assassinate Obama." Racial epithets scrawled on homes and cars. Yes, there definitely has been an outbreak of isolated incidents involving those who have no real power. Washington can...
Judy Bachrach/Vanity Fair smears Lou Dobbs - 08/08/08
Freelance writer and Vanity Fair contributor Judy Bachrach offers a smear of Lou Dobbs in "Lou Doubts" (poder360.com/article_detail.php?id_article=549). It's yet another example of the illegal activity-supporting establishment trying to reduce his influence in order to profit from illegal activity in one way or another.
SPLC's "The Year in Hate" misled about FBI hate crime statistics - 03/31/08
Earlier this month the Southern Poverty Law Center - a group indirectly linked to the Mexican government - released a report entitled "The Year in Hate", which continued their attempt to shut down debate about immigration matters. Per the AP:
James Pinkerton, Mark Potok, Doris Meissner oppose citizen action against illegal immigration - 11/05/07
James Pinkerton of the Houston Chronicle offers "Taking border battle to the streets" about a local group (U.S. Border Watch) that protests in front of day laborer sites. While it's not as bad as other similar articles, he takes his lead from LBJ: he doesn't call them racists, he just makes them deny it. [see the update] Far from the halls of Congress and the front lines of the Southwest border, the divisive immigration debate is being played out in local neighborhoods, including the Houston area. A number of groups have upped the ante by moving from debate to confrontation, attempting to...
Center for American Progress' indirect Mexican government link (Henry Fernandez, Kica Matos) - 10/13/07
Henry Fernandez, Senior Fellow at the Clinton-linked Center for American Progress, is hosting a CAP event entitled "Strange Bed Fellows? Anti-immigration Organizations and Hate Groups" on October 18 [1]. The panelists are Mark Potok of the Southern Poverty Law Center (a group indirectly linked to the Mexican government) and Devin Burghart from the Center for New Community. Luckily, I scrolled down to the bottom of the page and I saw this: Fernandez lives with his wife Kica Matos and their son in New Haven, Connecticut. Matos is the former head of Junta for Progressive Action, a group that's...
Brad Knickerbocker of the CSM: Can you trust his reporting? - 01/22/06
Most definitely you can. Assuming that is, of course, that you want heavily biased yellow reportage such as that featured in "Across the country, many mobilize against illegal immigration" (link).
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Questions for Tom Steyer
New York Times 'Truth' ad intentionally lies
Carol Pogash fails at reporting (New York Times, Nicholas Bogel-Burroughs)
Trump, Breitbart, GOP, Arthur Schwartz to target opponents exactly like Media Matters does
After shootings, Trump helps the far-left by opposing "hate"
Trump's 2019 immigration plan would harm the U.S. and everyone else
Trump laughs after a fan suggests Border Patrol shoot illegal aliens. What he should have done instead.
Gabriela Saldivia promotes violence against political opponents (NPR, Will Connolly)
Trump wants to work with Dems on "comprehensive immigration reform" (i.e., amnesty)
Will Linda Qiu of the NY Times try real journalism on the "Migrant Caravan"?
Trump has no intention of stopping birthright citizenship
David Gelernter of Yale is very wrong about Trump
Copyright © 2020, 24Ahead
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Desperate Places Don’t Always Come with a Choice
by Kristin Neva
In Columns, Joyful Sorrow - a Column by Kristin Neva.
After we got married, Todd and I bought an adorable, craftsman-style bungalow in a Milwaukee neighborhood. I believed living in the city would give me a better understanding of the issues faced by the families I served at an inner-city ministry, where I coordinated a tutoring program.
Our next-door neighbor, Bob, a 64-year-old retiree, jumped with glee the day we moved in. The former owner of our house had parties every night and burned down his garage when he was evicted.
Living there gave me credibility with the teens I mentored. One Sunday after church, we brought a few of them to our house. One couldn’t believe we lived just blocks from him. “You live here? Nah. You have another house in the suburbs,” he said when we pulled into our alley.
There were things I loved about the neighborhood. People knew each other’s names. Kids would come over and sit on our stoop, glad to have adults who would listen to them.
The man across the alley would occasionally drop off a sweet potato pie or a chicken he hadn’t sold that day from the barbecue he hauled around on a trailer. Once, he invited us to a party. We figured it was as a courtesy so we wouldn’t call the cops about his loud music, but we showed up. He was shocked, but delighted.
Discuss the latest research in the ALS News Today forums!
There were also challenges to living in the neighborhood. We sometimes heard gunshots. A neighbor — one of those kids we had spent time with on the stoop — tried to break into our house.
A woman behind us tossed dirty diapers off her balcony. Diapers littered her backyard and alley. Some got hung up in a tree.
One night a group of teenagers was making a ruckus, so Todd shined his Maglite in their direction and told them to go home. A 10-year-old neighbor tried to educate him. She said, “Mr. Todd, you shouldn’t yell at them. They’re gangbangers. They might have guns.”
I didn’t feel safe walking into the house when I got home from work at 10 p.m. I called Todd as I approached the house, and he’d open the back door and watch me walk in.
After a year of living there, Todd and I started talking about moving. We wanted to start a family, but Todd’s new position at work required travel and I didn’t like being alone in our house at night. We were conflicted as to whether we should raise children someplace where I didn’t feel safe or abandon our neighbors to the problems of the city.
Then we found out Bob had stage 4 lung cancer. The doctors gave him a year and a half to live. He was estranged from his family, so we felt compelled to stay and help him.
He feared dying alone. After he lost his voice and could only speak in a faint whisper, he said he would call us and press a button on his phone if he needed help. One night, before the phone even rang, I woke with a start and told Todd that we should check on Bob. As we were getting dressed, the phone rang.
We ran next door and comforted him as he took his final breaths, six months after he was diagnosed.
It felt like that season of life had come to an end, so a month later we sold our house to move to a safer neighborhood close to Todd’s work.
As we were loading the moving van, the boy who tried to break into our house said, “Everyone leaves.”
His sister, in tears, told me, “But you’re like a mother to me.”
I cared for our neighbors, but our ability to move prevented me from truly understanding their situation. We had the means to leave, and we did.
Now Todd has ALS, and we are the ones in a desperate situation. We can’t manage this disease on our own, so we’re dependent on others.
We need financial support to hire caregivers. We need people willing to work nights. We need help with household maintenance. We need emotional support.
But people can only help for so long. Almost everyone leaves, eventually. When they tell us they can no longer help, they explain how conflicted they are. We understand and appreciate that they were here for a season of their lives, but I’m often left in tears.
I have a better understanding of those families who live in desperate places without a choice.
Tagged choices, desperate places, safe neighborhood, understanding for others.
Previous: Mutations in FUS Gene Affects Growth and Workings of Motor Neuron Axons, Study Shows
Next:Researchers Uncover HSP90 Mechanism That May Help Explain Motor Nerve Death
Every day my heart breaks a little more over the ravages of this awful disease.
I pray for answers yet there is no response.
Sending love and endurance thoughts to you from me.
…an ALS widow
John Russell says:
A thought provoking article. A window into the world I will face probably soon. I have started year 6 with ALS
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Home Tags John Kerry
Tag: John Kerry
Elusive Quest for Momentum is On as Democrats Dash to Iowa
Associated Press - January 7, 2020
No candidate is a clear leader as the Iowa caucuses draw near.
Bradley Byrne: Serious about corruption? Investigate the Bidens
Guest Author - November 12, 2019
Speaker Nancy Pelosi, Adam Schiff, and their Democratic colleagues have spent countless hours and taxpayer dollars to find evidence that President Donald...
Donald Trump says he won’t let right to bear arms ‘be...
Associated Press - May 5, 2018
Months after the horror of the Parkland school shootings in Florida, President Donald Trump stood before cheering members of the National Rifle Association and...
After close vote, panel sends Mike Pompeo nomination to Senate
Mike Pompeo, President Donald Trump’s choice for secretary of state, avoided a rare rebuke Monday as the Senate Foreign Relations Committee narrowly recommended him,...
Mike Pompeo facing rare opposition from Senate panel
President Donald Trump’s nominee for secretary of state, Mike Pompeo, is facing serious opposition before the Senate Foreign Relations Committee, which may not have...
John Kerry: ‘More forceful ways’ may be needed with North Korea
Secretary of State John Kerry said Tuesday the U.S. may need "more forceful ways" of dealing with North Korea if it develops an intercontinental...
Year’s top news filled with division — and no middle ground
Fed up with Europe's union across borders? Reject it. Disgusted with the U.S. political establishment? Can it. The news in 2016 was filled with battles...
Pushing back on Israel, John Kerry defends Obama Admin’s UN vote
Stepping into a raging diplomatic argument, Secretary of State John Kerry on Wednesday staunchly defended the Obama administration's decision to allow the U.N. Security...
Israeli Cabinet minister calls John Kerry speech a ‘pathetic’
A senior Israeli Cabinet minister on Wednesday called U.S. Secretary of State John Kerry's planned Mideast policy speech a "pathetic step," further heightening tensions...
John Kerry: US, Russia studying new ideas to stop Syria fighting
Associated Press - December 2, 2016
The United States and Russia are studying new ways to break a months-long diplomatic deadlock over how to stop the fighting in the Syrian...
Supreme Court won’t reconsider Confederate monument ruling
Anti-Donald Trump protests have shrunk. What’s it mean for 2020?
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A visit with one of the last private doctors in Cuba
Michael Voss
@mvosscuba
Most healthcare in Cuba is free and run by the state. But if you were a doctor before 1963, you’re allowed to still have a private practice.
Cuba is well-known for its universal free public health service, where almost all of the country’s doctors work for the state. But there are a few, elderly doctors who have private practices or can see private patients after hours. Correspondent Michael Voss made an appointment with one. He takes us for a visit with one of the last, remaining private medical workers on the island.
Cuban President Raul Castro has permitted the privatization of some Cuban businesses such as beauty salons and restaurants. But other professions have not been given that allowance. In addition to doctors, they include attorneys, architects and engineers.
Watch Michael Voss’ report here.
Austrians head to the polls on Sunday to pick their next chancellor »
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Home Local Georgia GOP wants to throw women in jail for having miscarriages
(AP Photo/John Bazemore)
Georgia GOP wants to throw women in jail for having miscarriages
Emily Crockett
A radical new abortion ban puts every pregnant woman in danger.
Georgia Republicans are trying to force through a ban on abortion that's so extreme, it could land you in jail for having a miscarriage.
First of all, the bill would ban abortion before most women know they're pregnant — around six weeks — which means women would have only a week or two after a missed period to seek an abortion. The only exceptions are for rape or incest, if the traumatized victim manages to go through the rigamarole of filing a police report.
It gets even worse. Because of the way Georgia law is already written, women seeking an abortion after that point, and doctors who perform the procedure, could be thrown in jail for up to ten years.
And because an abortion is often medically identical to a miscarriage, making women criminals for having an abortion also means exposing women who have miscarriages to legal investigation and prosecution.
The radical bill has passed the state Senate with amendments and is awaiting another vote in the state House. It's likely to be signed by Gov. Brian Kemp (who narrowly defeated pro-choice Democrat Stacey Abrams in the 2018 governor's race, amid a cloud of scandal over anti-black voter suppression).
State Sen. Jen Jordan (D-Atlanta) blasted her Republican colleagues' callous move in a powerful speech on Friday, during which she disclosed that she had suffered eight miscarriages.
"Yes, I am talking about stuff I don't want to talk about in this chamber, but let me tell you something," Jordan said. "If you're going to get into the most private areas where women are, then you're going to have to listen to it."
And Jordan, who is also a lawyer, pointed out the chilling reason that her personal story about miscarriages is relevant to the debate over an abortion ban:
Any woman who suffers a miscarriage could be subject to scrutiny regarding whether or not she intentionally acted to cause that miscarriage. She would be at risk of a criminal indictment for virtually any perceived self-destructive behavior during pregnancy which could cause miscarriage, to wit: Smoking, drinking, using drugs, using legal medications; driving while under the influence, or any other dangerous or reckless conduct. And taken to its extreme, prohibitions during pregnancy could also include the failure to act, such as the failure to secure adequate prenatal medical care. Any issue of whether a woman who has participated in this risky behavior intended to cause her subsequent miscarriage — as a lawyer, I can tell you — would be a jury question. In other words, a pregnant woman who suffers a miscarriage could be subjected to criminal investigation, indictment, prosecution long before a jury is asked to determine whether she intentionally did anything to cause the loss.
Because it's not always clear whether a pregnancy loss is due to a spontaneous miscarriage or a self-managed abortion, women actually do get arrested for miscarriage in America, today, when abortion is supposedly legal.
For instance, if your nosy friend hears about your miscarriage and suspects you really took abortion pills, she could call the police, and you could get arrested and prosecuted if your state criminalizes abortion outside of a clinical setting. Even you're acquitted later, an arrest typically means at least some jail time, and a potentially nightmarish and expensive legal ordeal.
The new Georgia bill exposes every woman over six weeks pregnant to this threat. And it also sneaks radical new language into state law that defines a fertilized egg as a person — which makes jailing women for miscarriage more likely.
In states like Texas, fetal "personhood" language like this has been used to prosecute pregnant women — including those who aren't seeking an abortion, and even those who are still pregnant and didn't miscarry — because they allegedly took illegal drugs or did something else that could have endangered their wanted pregnancies. This happens even though Texas law is supposed to protect pregnant women themselves from being prosecuted for crimes like "fetal homicide."
Jordan also pointed out that the justification for the new Georgia law, banning abortion after a fetus has a "heartbeat," is a cruel misnomer.
"At the earliest stages of pregnancy, certain embryonic cardiac activity can be detected with a transvaginal ultrasound," she said. "I don't think any of the men that spoke today have ever had a transvaginal ultrasound. I have. And it is not pleasant."
"I have laid on the cold examination table while a doctor desperately looked for a ‘heartbeat,’" Jordan said. "I have been escorted out the back door of my physician’s office so as not to upset the other pregnant women in the waiting area, my grief on full display and uncontainable. … It is not for the government or the men of this chamber to insert itself in the most personal, private, and wrenching decisions that women make every single day."
The only thing stopping Georgia from criminalizing pregnant women is the Supreme Court's decision legalizing abortion in Roe v. Wade. The Georgia law would probably be immediately blocked by courts after it gets signed because it's unconstitutional under Roe, just as similar laws in other states have been blocked for the same reason.
The only thing stopping this is the Supreme Court's decision legalizing abortion in Roe v. Wade. The Georgia law would probably be immediately blocked by courts after it gets signed because it's unconstitutional under Roe, just as similar laws in other states have been blocked for the same reason.
But if Roe were to be overturned, these laws would go into effect. And even if Roe stays in place, laws like Georgia's could still send pregnant women to jail.
This kind of thing already happens more than we'd like to think in America.
Between 1973 and 2005 — after abortion was supposedly legalized under Roe v. Wade — researchers have documented 413 cases in which women were arrested, prosecuted, jailed, or given a forced medical intervention because law enforcement officials thought a woman was endangering her pregnancy or had attempted to give herself an abortion. This included women who had tried and failed to commit suicide while pregnant.
And just since 2005, another 600 or more such cases have been found — largely thanks to draconian new state laws like Georgia's.
Women's rights have been under attack by Republicans for a long time, but the damage already done is worse than most people realize. And now GOP lawmakers are trying to make that nightmare a reality for even more women.
Previous articleGOP leaders hide after new Trump attack on pre-existing conditions
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Writer, editor, feminist. Former staff writer at Vox.com and Rewire, former managing editor at 50 States of Blue. Follow her on Twitter @EmilyCrockett
Kentucky legislature seeks to end dangerous anti-gay 'therapy' for minors
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Tennessee bill would force schools to discriminate against trans athletes
Investigation finds GOP lawmaker engaged in domestic terrorism
Matt Bevin defends pardoning child rapist: Victims' 'hymens were intact'
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David Beyer
David is a Partner at Amplify Partners and focuses on machine learning and analytics startups, as well as new ventures in cloud infrastructure.
Before joining Amplify Partners, David spent time as both a venture-backed entrepreneur and an early-stage investor. He began his career in technology as the co-founder and CEO of Chartio.com, a pioneering provider of cloud-based data visualization and analytics. He was subsequently part of the founding team at Patients Know Best, one of the world’s leading cloud-based personal health record companies.
David has been a prolific investor and advisor to entrepreneurs. He has personally invested in more than 50 early-stage companies, including Zymergen, Caribou Biosciences, Airtable, Ginkgo Bioworks, Function of Beauty, Cruise Automation, Astranis, Bugcrowd, and Rigetti Computing. In addition, he currently serves on the advisory council of Bayes Impact, a nonprofit organization that deploys data science to solve important social challenges.
Fun facts about his childhood
David first started playing ice hockey at the age of six in what is known as the ice hockey capital of the world — Tel Aviv. He somehow survived, despite playing with Russian immigrants twice his age and three times his size. David also received his first piece of gum from Carl Sagan, or that’s at least what his parents tell him.
Places he’s lived before Silicon Valley
Hattiesburg, MS; Tel Aviv, Israel; Andover, MA; St. Petersburg, Russia; Chevy Chase, MD
Sunil Dhaliwal
Mike Dauber
Lenny Pruss
Sarah Catanzaro
Renee Shah
Natasha Katoni
Steve Agelopoulos
Mark LaRosa
Sergio Benitez
Malia Powers
Yuen Yeh
Carlie Long
Projects To Know
Get the latest from Amplify
©2020 Amplify Partners. All rights reserved. Terms and Conditions.
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Travelling overseas, outside the bounds of native English speakers provides a wealth of cases of badly written and badly translated signs. From hotels, to bars and restaurants the world over, there is a litany such examples.
Hotels produce literature to encourage you stay with them and take full advantage of their hospitality. The problem comes when someone with little or no English tries to address the English speaking market and the message fails. This makes the hotel look bad even if its offerings are of the highest standards.
Similarly, bars and restaurants produce menus and advertise functions to bring in their custom. These can also provide a baffling array of offers that can be confusing to even the most seasoned traveller. Often menus will feature local specialities whose translated description will put off the hardiest gastronome simply by misusing English words or in many cases inventing completely new ones!
Many of the services available to holidaymakers and business travellers alike can also be advertised in the most confusing language often losing the interest of potential customers. It does also provide a source of much amusement to the English-speaking traveller often creating embarrassment for the establishment responsible.
From well-presented and well-written English, it is much easier to go on and produce equally clear details in other language. English becomes the Lingua Franca from which other translations become so much more meaningful to those to whom it is a second language and where they have no knowledge of their hosts’ native tongue.
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Richard Brown CBE (Chairman) | Our team
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At Catalyst we have great team of people committed to providing good quality homes for local people. If you have a desire to make a difference in your community then why not join us? You can either apply for a position or register on our talent bank on our jobs page or get involved through one of our volunteering opportunities.
Catalyst Housing Limited Board provides strategic oversight. To find out more about our board members please click on their names below.
Richard Brown, CBE: Chairman
Chair of: The Board of Catalyst Housing Limited
Member of: Audit and Risk Committee (non-voting member), Finance and Treasury Committee, Remuneration and Succession Planning Committee, and Development Committee
Richard has extensive chairing experience with a strong focus on employees, customers and change management. He has strong links with senior level stakeholders at both local and national level, and has been involved in a range of economic development and regeneration programmes. He has led a number of large scale change management projects including, most recently, the successful relocation of Eurostar services from Waterloo to St Pancras.
He has worked in the transport industry for over 30 years and is chairman of the Department for Transport’s Franchise Advisory Panel. Before this, Richard was Chief Executive and then Chairman of Eurostar. He has sat on the boards of a number of other large companies, including HS2 and National Express Group plc.
Richard was awarded a CBE in June 2007.
Ian McDermott
Ian joined Catalyst as the Chief Executive in January 2019, and has 30 years’ experience in the housing sector.
Before joining Catalyst, Ian was the Chief Executive at Aldwyck Housing Group and Chief Operating Officer at Sanctuary Group.
Ian has also held Chief Executive positions at both Shaftesbury Housing Group and Stonebridge Housing Action Trust. He is a member of the Chartered Institute of Housing, a Chartered Surveyor and an alumnus of the Harvard Business School.
Judith Foss MSc FCIPD MIoD
Executive Director of People and Culture
Judith’s 20 years’ HR experience includes change management, employee engagement, learning and development, employee relations, reward and people strategy. Judith is responsible for Catalyst’s ongoing culture change and colleague engagement programme.
In 2014, this was recognised when Catalyst was named as one of The Sunday Times 100 Best Not-for-Profit Organisations to Work For and awarded Two Star Accreditation from Best Companies. Judith has extensive experience of people and organisational change in the private and non-profit sectors, including time at British Aerospace plc and other blue chip organisations, as well as Guide Dogs for the Blind.
Tim Jennings
Executive Director of Finance
Tim’s career spans over 30 years. After five years in a medium sized firm of Chartered Accountants, Tim has spent most of his career to date with Capita Plc.
Having been involved in most of the Capita divisions, his last eight years with them was as Finance Director for their Property Services Division, supporting the growth of one of the largest property services consultancies in the UK.
After leaving Capita Tim was Finance Director for both Criterion Capital Ltd and G4S Maintenance Division.
Gary Goggins
Executive Director of Property
Gary moved into the housing assoication sector in 2001. He worked as Technical Services Director for Hannover group for five years before joining Aldwyck in 2006 as Head of Property and Procurement. In 2007, he became Executive Director of Property Services.
During this time, he also served (and still does) as Managing Director of Connect Property Services - Catalyst's property maintenance subsidiary.
Orginally from a construction and contracting background, Gary has been involved in the successful delivery of large scale asset management, maintenance and partnering contracts for the past 15 years in both senior client and contractor roles.
Austen Reid
Interim Executive Director of Integration
Austen has over 30 years’ experience in housing and property, much of it at Director level.
He was previously an Executive Director at the Clarion Housing Group, where he led merger integration and development.
Prior to Clarion, Austen was Chief Operating Officer at the Circle Housing Group, a Director at Savills and Group Operation Director at Hyde.
Group Development Director
Philip joined Catalyst from Taylor Wimpey Central London, where he was Managing Director since September 2017. Philip is a Fellow of the Royal Institution of Chartered Surveyors with a property development career spanning three decades, across both private and not-for-profit sectors.
Before joining Taylor Wimpey, Philip was Executive Director of Property and Development at CityWest Homes, during which time he was a non-executive director at Dolphin Living. He has also held senior posts at The John Lewis Partnership, SPAR and Crabtree & Evelyn among others.
Sarah joined Catalyst from Guinness where, as the Executive Director of Customer Services, she led the delivery of a customer service culture, launched digital services, and implemented a new model for local, mobile customer-facing teams.
Prior to joining Guinness, Sarah was in a similar role at RHP, an innovative housing organisation in South West London, where she revitalised their customer service strategy, resulting in a string of national customer experience awards and improved customer satisfaction.
As Head of Customer Service at Eurostar, Sarah devised the service strategy and led a Europe wide award-winning change programme to deliver service and operational excellence. Sarah’s experience includes successfully devising and implementing service strategy, operational delivery and change management in complex environments.
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Deploying AI at Scale
Algorithmia Blog - Deploying AI at scale
Trustless Machine Learning Contracts: Evaluating and Exchanging Machine Learning Models on the Ethereum Blockchain
Machine Learning algorithms are being developed and improved at an incredible rate, but are not necessarily getting more accessible to the broader community. That’s why today Algorithmia is announcing DanKu, a new blockchain-based protocol for evaluating and purchasing ML models on a public blockchain such as Ethereum. DanKu enables anyone to get access to high quality, objectively measured machine learning models. At Algorithmia, we believe that widespread access to algorithms and deployment solutions is going to be a fundamental building block of a balanced future for AI, and DanKu is a step towards that vision.
The DanKu protocol utilizes blockchain technology via smart contracts. The contract allows anyone to post a data set, an evaluation function, and a monetary reward for anyone who can provide the best trained machine learning model for the data. Participants train deep neural networks to model the data, and submit their trained networks to the blockchain. The blockchain executes these neural network models to evaluate submissions, and ensure that payment goes to the best model.
The contract allows for the creation of a decentralized and trustless marketplace for exchanging ML models. This gives ML practitioners an opportunity to monetize their skills directly. It also allows any participant or organization to solicit machine learning models from all over the world. This will incentivize the creation of better machine learning models, and make AI more accessible to companies and software agents. Anyone with a dataset, including software agents can create DanKu contracts.
We’re also launching the first DanKu competition for a machine learning problem. For more info, please refer to the last section regarding the competition below.
As of 2018, Artificial Intelligence and Blockchain continue to dominate tech news everywhere. Earlier in 2017, we asked ourselves if we could brings these two things together and solve a problem in Machine Learning. As with most ideas, we noticed that we weren’t the first group of people who played around with the idea of using blockchain and ML together.
We immediately noticed a diversity of ideas, where solutions were proposed for all kinds of problems. One good example is OpenMined, which allows you to train ML models on data that you never have access to.
Since putting Blockchain and AI in the same sentence sounded very click-baity, we decided early on to show and not only tell. This led us to focus our efforts on a narrow problem definition.
And the idea for DanKu was born: Trustless machine learning contracts for exchanging machine learning models on the Ethereum Blockchain.
How does it actually work?
You can describe the DanKu protocol at a high-level in 4 steps:
1. Bob creates a new DanKu contract. He submits a dataset, an evaluation criteria, and a reward amount to the contract.
2. ML practitioner Alice downloads the dataset submitted by Bob, and works independently to train a ML model. After successfully training a model, Alice submits her solution to the contract (aka. the Blockchain). Other participants like Alice can also submit their solutions.
3. Bob reveals the testing dataset after the submission period ends. The testing dataset will be used for evaluating the submissions.
4. At some point in the future, the blockchain will evaluate the submitted models, and payout to the winning submission. If no submission fulfills the criteria, the reward is refunded back to Bob.
And voila! Bob and other participants just exchanged ML models in a completely trustless manner. The contract also ran a fully functional ML model on the blockchain too! Isn’t that neat!
Note: Some additional steps are necessary to ensure the trust and fairness of the competition. Refer to the white paper for more details.
Running the first neural network on the blockchain
For demo purposes, we decided to write a DanKu contract where a neural network was implemented. Solidity, the programming language for Ethereum contracts, was not designed with Machine Learning in mind. It did not have a math library, or even floating point numbers. Ethereum also had issues running code that was too computationally expensive. It was a software engineering nightmare.
Initially, we started with something simple: A linear model. After gaining a bit of confidence, we tackled the problem of implementing a neural network from scratch. We initially started with a neural network with no hidden layers. After getting that working, we focused on allowing submitters to define any simple network architecture, and it would work if it wasn’t too computationally expensive.
We developed everything locally, until we were ready to test it on a live blockchain. We started off by testing it on the Ethereum Ropsten test net. Everything worked without much of an issue. Afterwards we wanted to try it on the Ethereum blockchain to make sure it worked properly on the real thing.
And with a moment’s notice, 22 thousand machines ran the first neural network on the Ethereum blockchain. What looked like machine code to these everyday miners, was actually a fully functioning neural network. Feb 15th was a good day, like a Friday.
Some disruptive features
It was exciting to see the first DanKu contract in the wild. Like with most new tech, DanKu also disrupted a few things:
Since the DanKu protocol does not require trust, it removes the need for a middleman for exchanging ML models. This game changing feature will further democratize access to Machine Learning for the masses. Hopefully this will create an uptick in open-source ML models available for everyone.
The protocol also makes it possible to collectively raise money for things like cancer research. Universities and research groups can create contracts for open-problems like protein folding, etc. Any person could directly donate money to these contracts. This would attract even more ML/Bioinformatic practioners and hopefully result in solving some of these problems. The contract will ensure that the money will directly go to the person/group who solves the problem. Donating money for medical research will never be the same ever again.
It’s also likely that DanKu contracts will create opportunities for GPU miner arbitrage. GPU mining farms/pools will likely switch to ML training if it’s more profitable. These pools will probably be managed by Data Scientists, who will try to solve these ML problems. The contract reward could later be divided among the data scientist and GPU suppliers.
Another interesting application would be in finance. If submitted models result in a tangible financial result, it would be a lot easier to create DanKu contracts and finance them. This would also create a well defined price for DanKu contracts, since it’s a lot easier to assess the value of these types of predictive models.
DanKu contracts also create the opportunity for AI systems to self-improve. AI systems could contract out work to improve itself in an automated and seamless manner when it encounters new data. The use of cryptocurrencies also makes it an attractive method of self-improvement, since crypto payments and transactions are accessible by anyone (or anything). It’s just another API endpoint.
So, what’s next?
It’s hard to tell what will be next on the roadmap, but there’s still a lot of room for improvement. Improvements in Ethereum, further optimizations in the contract, and improved protocol design can all make DanKu contracts better. With these improvements, a more diverse set of ML models could be further supported.
The first public DanKu contract competition
Since we’ve just announced the protocol, we thought that it would be also fitting to create the first public DanKu contract.
For this competition, we’ve decided to use the 2016 U.S Presidential county election data as our dataset. Every county is represented with 3 data points: longitude, latitude and elected candidate.
For example, a data point can look something like this: [047606200, 122332100, 0].
The first two values refers to the latitude and longitude of Seattle.
The third value, 0 refers to the Democratic candidate, whereas 1 refers to Republican candidate in this data format
500 random data points are selected as the dataset for this competition. 80% of this dataset will be used for training. The remaining 20% of the dataset will be used for evaluating the dataset. Since the training and testing datasets are randomly selected by the contract, the fairness of the competition is assured.
Participants of the contract are required to train a simple forward pass neural network where they can define the neural network structure in terms of layers, neurons and biases. After training, they are required to submit their network definition, weights and biases to the contract.
The DanKu contract was initialized on block 5121944 (Feb 19th, 2018). The evaluation criteria will look for models that has at least 50% accuracy rate. The reward for the winning submission is 5 Ether (ETH).
You can find the guide here to help you participate in the competition. After the competition ends, we’ll deploy the winning model to the Algorithmia marketplace!
Comments, questions or criticisms are welcomed at @algorithmia
Besir Kurtulmus
Senior Machine Learning Engineer at Algorithmia. Besir helps make complicated things simpler. He believes that machine intelligence will have a huge impact on our lives in the days to come and hopes to have a defining role in shaping this new future.
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Search Results for: poster
February 10, 2012 by allenmyers
Poster Presented at the 2008 International Jazz Composers’s Symposium
Click on the poster below until it pops up if you would like to read the poster presented at the symposium. The examples are drawn from my compositions and arrangements.
Posted in Jazz Composition
Tagged Composition, Inspiration for Development and Form, International Jazz Composers's Symposium, Jazz
September 14, 2013 by allenmyers
Jazz Composition Blog
Allen Myers – Poster Presentation “Inspiration in the Development of Form”
Brad Mehldau DMA Program Notes of a piano recital – discussion on his use of consonance and dissonance
BMI Jazz Composers Workshop
Bill Holman Interview
Earl MacDonald Blog: Composing Bob Brookmeyer rehearsing Vanguard Orchestra, Arranging for Westchester Jazz Orchestra Stealing from McNeely
George Handy arranger and composer of Boyd Raebrun Orchestra, Dissertation by Benjamin Biermann
Gil Evans Arrangement of “My Ship” w/ Transcription by Jim Martin
Herb Pomeroy – The Pocket Herb (notes from Herb Pomeroy’s Line Writing, Duke Ellington and Jazz Comp Courses and a second set of notes from Pomeroy’s Line Writing and Ellington classes)
Inside the Score in the 21st Century: Techniques for Contemporary Large Jazz Ensemble Composition by Tyler Dennis
International Society of Jazz Arrangers and Composers
Jacob Collier – Music Theory Interview
Jazz Continuum Collected Writings – Keeping the Peace by Graham Collier
Jazz Arranging and Composing Books
Scott Healy’s Jazz Composition Blog: Writing, Arranging and Listening
Scott Healy Blog
THE BIRTH OF JERU: GERRY MULLIGAN‘S EARLY COMPOSING/ARRANGING CAREER (1945-1953) – Richard Samuel Fine
Tim Davies – jazz part 1, jazz melody and voicing part 2,
UNC Jazz Press
The Life of Bob Brookmeyer
A Study of BobBrookmeyers’ Compositional Stytle for Large Jazz Ensemble dissertation by Stephen J. Guerra Jr.
The Development of Bob Brookmeyers’ Compositional Style: A Comparative Study of Six Works for Jazz Ensemble dissertation by Ryan Patrick Middagh
The Music of Bob Brookmeyer and his influence Upon Contemporary Composers and Arrangers of Large Ensemble Works dissertation by Kevin Neil Dempsey
Unifying composition and improvisation : applying Bob Brookmeyer’s pitch module concept to composition and improvisation dissertation by Michael Wallace.
Darce James Argue
Darce James Argue’s Blog – Part of the Carnegie Hall Musical Exchange
Darce James Argue Interview
Performance at Berklee with the Rainbow Big Band
Duke Ellington Jazz Composition Study Group Los Angeles
Duke Elington and Billy Strayhorn Jazz Composers (Smithsonian Albert H. Small Document Gallery)
The International Duke Ellington Music Society
Arranging Ellington: The Ellington Effect by Darcy James Argue – Article discussing the unusual voice leading in just a few bars of Ellington’s Mood Indigo.
THE DEVELOPMENT OF DUKE ELLINGTON’S COMPOSITIONAL STYLE: A COMPARATIVE ANALYSIS OF THREE SELECTED WORKS Masters thesis by Eric Strother
John La Barbera Jazz Arranging Interview Part 1
“Lickety Split”: Modern Aspects of Composition and Orchestration in the Large Jazz Ensemble Compositions of Jim McNeely: An Anyalsis of “Extra Credit”, “In The Wee Small Hours of the Morning” and “Absolution”
Jim McNeely Website – Study scores can be purchased in the store section
Mostly Music Blog – interview with Jim McNeely
OmniTone Interview
Village Vanguard Orchestra
Maria Schneider Website
Maria Schneider Videos includes advice to young composers, composer’s block and more
Meter, Phrase, and Form in the Compositions of Maria Schneider Dissertation by Benjamin M. Geyer
Tagged "Absolution", "Extra Credit", "In The Wee Small Hours of the Morning", "Lickety Split", Bill Holman, Bob Brookmeyer, Boyd Raeburn, Brad Mehldau, Composition, Darce James Argue, Duke Ellington, George Handy, Gerry Mulligan, Gil Evans, Herb Pomeroy, International Society of Jazz Arangers and Composers, Jazz, Jazz Arranging and Composing, Jim McNeely, John LaBarbera, Maria Schneider, Scott Healy, Vanguard Orchestra
Body and Soul Suite World Premier
My Suite on the famous Coleman Hawkins recording Body and Soul is to be premiered at this free concert on April 18th at 7:30 pm in the Liberty Performing Arts Theater in Liberty, MO. It is located at
1600 S Withers Rd, Liberty, MO 64068 and is inside the Liberty Community Center.
Click here to read more about the suite.
Featured that evening will be trumpeter Al Pearson. Al has played with the Count Basie Orchestra, and backed up many artists over the years including Clark Terry, Jimmy Heath, Jackie McLean, Jay McShann, Claude “Fiddler” Williams, Bobby Watson, Lou Rawls, Debbie Reynolds, Crystal Gale, Stevie Wonder, Four Tops, Smokey Robinson, Sammy Davis Jr., Marvin Gaye and the Danville Illinois Symphony. Other guests include vocalist Caitlin Myers and dancers Paco Vitug and Dr. Yvonne Iway Spurlock. Mr. Vitug is a professional dancer, choreographer, and owner of Paco Dance Academy in Mission, Kansas and founder of PADANCO, a professional dance company. He is trained in classical ballet, modern, hip-hop, jazz, contemporary, lyrical and ballroom. His professional credits spans two decades and includes performances throughout the US and in China. Mr. Vitug has choreographed “Flash Back 2000” for The Osmond Brothers, “Magic on Ice”, as well as other shows in Las Vegas and China.
Tagged Al Pierson, Bobby Watson, Body and Soul, Coleman Hawkins, Count Basie
May 23, 2012 by allenmyers
Body and Soul Suite (2009)
For the 70th anniversary of the Body and Soul recording by Coleman Hawkins, I wrote a three movement suite with the intentions of having it performed by my jazz orchestra. I was asked to perform in the Northwinds Big band concert that happened to coincide with the day of the anniversary. I agreed to play with the understanding that my piece be performed on the concert. This saved me some time organizing a band as the director had musicians and a few rehearsals already scheduled. Unfortunately after three rehearsals in preparation for the concert, 43 degree weather shut down our outdoor concert.
My original intentions were for the suite to be much longer than three movements. I simply ran out of time to extend it several more movements in length. Once I was done, I went on to my next composition and did not look back to extend further. The future may hold a few more movements.
My goal was to pay tribute to the improvisational work of Hawk. The first challenge for me was to study the solo and determine what the building blocks, motives, for composing the suite would be. After this, my main concern was the first movement. Do I start constructing my own themes or do I somehow acknowledge the recording? Chances were quite good that a good portion of our audience would not have even heard the original recording. I decided to write a transcription of the original recording with just a few twists.
The orchestration was based on my tenet. The group consists of an alto, tenor, and Bari sax, two trumpets, two trombones and rhythm section. Both the alto and bari double as well on flute and bass clarinet for extended colors for the ensemble. With the tenor center stage, I was left with six horns and rhythm section for building the suite. My choice of a tenet is based on an early instrumentation of the band Either Orchestra.
In analysis of the recording I discovered what appeared to be multiple levels to Hawk’s lines as if to imply his own counter lines or playing a duet with himself. I decided to score horns coming in and out on the solo outlining the different levels. This means that the horns must move in and out of phrases along with the tenor soloist. Many players thinking as one with Hawk’s sense of phrasing. This would be a challenge for the band and hopefully at the same time open up an appreciation to his masterful solo. How do I write the parts? Do I simply put in rests between the phrases or do I write out the entire solo with cues? I chose the later and in addition to shrinking the note size for the cues, I enlarged the size of the main notes for each horn player. In addition to the shadowing of Hawk’s solo I included the original background accompanied horn figures and then altered them rhythmically to complement the rhythms of his improvisation.
Sometime in the early 90’s a Picaso exhibit was held at the Cleveland art Museum and featured a performance by jazz tenor saxophonist David Murray who was commissioned to write “The Picaso Suite” based on the first unaccompanied tenor saxophone solo which was also recorded by Coleman Hawkins. Since the event was sold out, I was able to listen to the concert broadcast live on WCPN Cleveland Public Radio. During intermission of the concert, but before the performance of the suite, the radio station played the original “Picasso” recording. This opened up the idea of allowing my soloist the opportunity to pay homage to Hawk’s “Picaso” in a similar manner. Between the movements the soloist sews the seams of my suite with their own take on Hawk’s improvisation.
The second movement entitled “Looking Forwards and Backwards” transfers the listener from the 1939 recording to something quite unexpected. The movement starts off with a straight eighth syncopated bass pedal point and leads into a modal composition with interpretation of motives extracted from Hawk’s solo.
The third movment, “Hawk’s Blues” continues to explore motives in a straight ahead swinging minor blues.
Closing to the Third Movement
The transformative nature of the suites last two movements allow each to stand very much on their own. Often the third movement is performed by itself.
The world premier of this work took place on April 18th 2013 at the Liberty Performing Arts Theater in Liberty Missouri.
Tagged Coleman Hawkins, Composition
March 9, 2012 by allenmyers
Id (1991)
The title “Id” is borrowed from Freud’s Personality theory. It is a name for the instinctual part of behavior. Instinct describes the quick process of composing this piece for big band. It was written while attending Indiana University and is dedicated to Domonic Spera. Mr. Spera’s big band gave the premier and a second performance at the Indiana Music Educators Convention in 1991. A year later I found Mr. Spera had incorporated the piece for discussion and listening as a part of his advanced jazz composition class. I was pleasantly surprised to say the least. The dissonance of the main theme draws on the influence of Debussy’s use of exact parallel voicings as well as Duke Ellington’s cross section voicings. With each voice played by a different instrument among the different sections of the band, the dissonance of the minor second and the major seventh between voices I feel is further enhanced. I was looking for a striking sound to this angular theme.
Harmonic Structure of the horns voicing
Id Score page 3 The composition attempted to bring free and organized sections together for a raucous high energy groove. It is an up tempo 3/4 piece with rock and free jazz elements. Solo sections vary from a completely free section for the sax soloist, to ostinato figures with cross rhythms amongst the different sections of the band as background figures for the trumpet and trombone solos. The rhythmic figures were influenced by a study in African Rhythms back in the 80’s with the Ohio Chamber Orchestra and Cleveland Ballet tympanist George Kitely at Baldwin Wallace University (formerly known as Baldwin-Wallce College). Id page 10 Bob Brookmeyer gave some worthy advice upon hearing the piece years later while I was attending University of Missouri at Kansas City Conservatory. His advice was to never let the success of your piece be entirely dependent on the soloists. My recording had some wonderful soloing by some exceptionally talented young musicians but that did not stop him from offering his wisdom. His other piece of advice was drawn from his early years studying music history at the UMKC Conservatory. He recommended that I study the long expansive melodic lines of Gregorian chant. He also believed that a solo section should not occur until it is the only thing that can happen. Upon hearing “Shockwaves” for jazz octet, a work of mine from the mid 90’s, he felt I had reached a better balance than I had in “Id”. You can read about the form of Shockwaves in the Inspiration for Development and Form poster presented at the International Jazz Composers’ Symposium.
Tagged Baldwin Wallace University, Big Band, Bob Brookmeyer, Composition, Domonic Spera, George Kitely, Inspiration for Development and Form
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AllMarkHub™
The AllMarkHub™
UK Circuit
International Circuit
University Rowing
South Africa's Germiston High School: Storm Rebuild
DONATE HERE: Crowdfunding Page
On the whole, rowing is not a popular sport amongst people of colour in South Africa. Germiston High School is a secondary school in Johannesburg with a rowing club full of dedicated young athletes who are not discouraged by this lack of familiarity.
Many of the children come from disadvantaged backgrounds and the club itself receives minimal support from parents, sponsors and Rowing South Africa (RowSA). Despite this and the many other challenges they face, a spirit of perseverance runs through the club and this has led to some outstanding results. Athletes from Germiston have been selected for the South African Schools Rowing Union and travelled to the UK to race at regattas here during our summer season. The awesome video below captures a real insight into the club and the difficulties they face.
It is all too easy to take the equipment that we have available to us for granted. Germiston have a handful of race-worthy shells, but the majority of their fleet consists of old, hand-me-down boats that are donated by private schools, and they don’t have the funding to carry out many necessary repairs. Their boat shed is a dilapidated shack from the squatter camps, and their clubhouse is in desperate need of repair. On the 17th January this year, they were hit by a devastating storm which destroyed the shed and all the equipment that it contains.
It has taken many years for the club to build up the equipment that they do have, and just a week before the RMB VLC Sprints Regatta held locally at Victoria Lake, they have lost almost everything. They will need as much support as the rowing community can give to rebuild the club and continue to offer children at Germiston High School the opportunity to row.
Supporters have started a crowdfunding page to raise funds to rebuild the club.
Please share and donate in whatever capacity you can.
Lucinda Douse and the AllMarkOne Team
Tags: International Junior Rowing Rowing for Everyone South Africa
← Back to General
© 2020, ALLMARKONE
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Drosophila Embryos as Model Systems for Monitoring Bacterial Infection in Real Time
Isabella Vlisidou, Andrea J. Dowling, Iwan R. Evans, Nicholas Waterfield, et al
https://dx.plos.org/10.1371/journal.ppat.1000518
http://journals.plos.org/plospathogens/article?id=10.1371%2Fjournal.ppat.1000518
http://www.mendeley.com/research/drosophila-embryos-model-systems-monitoring-bacterial-infection-real-time
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{"title"=>"Drosophila embryos as model systems for monitoring bacterial infection in real time", "type"=>"journal", "authors"=>[{"first_name"=>"Isabella", "last_name"=>"Vlisidou", "scopus_author_id"=>"10539638500"}, {"first_name"=>"Andrea J.", "last_name"=>"Dowling", "scopus_author_id"=>"7006290423"}, {"first_name"=>"Iwan R.", "last_name"=>"Evans", "scopus_author_id"=>"34874791600"}, {"first_name"=>"Nicholas", "last_name"=>"Waterfield", "scopus_author_id"=>"6601935218"}, {"first_name"=>"Richard H.", "last_name"=>"Ffrench-Constant", "scopus_author_id"=>"34975054200"}, {"first_name"=>"Will", "last_name"=>"Wood", "scopus_author_id"=>"56502476400"}], "year"=>2009, "source"=>"PLoS Pathogens", "identifiers"=>{"pui"=>"355237363", "issn"=>"15537366", "isbn"=>"1553-7374 (Electronic)", "doi"=>"10.1371/journal.ppat.1000518", "scopus"=>"2-s2.0-70049107898", "pmid"=>"19609447", "sgr"=>"70049107898"}, "id"=>"7aa33e07-674a-3c6d-abcc-466ba010c3ba", "abstract"=>"Drosophila embryos are well studied developmental microcosms that have been used extensively as models for early development and more recently wound repair. Here we extend this work by looking at embryos as model systems for following bacterial infection in real time. We examine the behaviour of injected pathogenic (Photorhabdus asymbiotica) and non-pathogenic (Escherichia coli) bacteria and their interaction with embryonic hemocytes using time-lapse confocal microscopy. We find that embryonic hemocytes both recognise and phagocytose injected wild type, non-pathogenic E. coli in a Dscam independent manner, proving that embryonic hemocytes are phagocytically competent. In contrast, injection of bacterial cells of the insect pathogen Photorhabdus leads to a rapid 'freezing' phenotype of the hemocytes associated with significant rearrangement of the actin cytoskeleton. This freezing phenotype can be phenocopied by either injection of the purified insecticidal toxin Makes Caterpillars Floppy 1 (Mcf1) or by recombinant E. coli expressing the mcf1 gene. Mcf1 mediated hemocyte freezing is shibire dependent, suggesting that endocytosis is required for Mcf1 toxicity and can be modulated by dominant negative or constitutively active Rac expression, suggesting early and unexpected effects of Mcf1 on the actin cytoskeleton. Together these data show how Drosophila embryos can be used to track bacterial infection in real time and how mutant analysis can be used to genetically dissect the effects of specific bacterial virulence factors.", "link"=>"http://www.mendeley.com/research/drosophila-embryos-model-systems-monitoring-bacterial-infection-real-time", "reader_count"=>85, "reader_count_by_academic_status"=>{"Unspecified"=>1, "Professor > Associate Professor"=>4, "Researcher"=>33, "Student > Ph. D. Student"=>25, "Student > Postgraduate"=>1, "Student > Master"=>9, "Other"=>2, "Student > Bachelor"=>4, "Lecturer"=>1, "Lecturer > Senior Lecturer"=>2, "Professor"=>3}, "reader_count_by_user_role"=>{"Unspecified"=>1, "Professor > Associate Professor"=>4, "Researcher"=>33, "Student > Ph. D. Student"=>25, "Student > Postgraduate"=>1, "Student > Master"=>9, "Other"=>2, "Student > Bachelor"=>4, "Lecturer"=>1, "Lecturer > Senior Lecturer"=>2, "Professor"=>3}, "reader_count_by_subject_area"=>{"Unspecified"=>2, "Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology"=>10, "Agricultural and Biological Sciences"=>61, "Medicine and Dentistry"=>3, "Neuroscience"=>1, "Veterinary Science and Veterinary Medicine"=>1, "Social Sciences"=>1, "Computer Science"=>3, "Immunology and Microbiology"=>3}, "reader_count_by_subdiscipline"=>{"Medicine and Dentistry"=>{"Medicine and Dentistry"=>3}, "Neuroscience"=>{"Neuroscience"=>1}, "Social Sciences"=>{"Social Sciences"=>1}, "Immunology and Microbiology"=>{"Immunology and Microbiology"=>3}, "Agricultural and Biological Sciences"=>{"Agricultural and Biological Sciences"=>61}, "Computer Science"=>{"Computer Science"=>3}, "Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology"=>{"Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology"=>10}, "Unspecified"=>{"Unspecified"=>2}, "Veterinary Science and Veterinary Medicine"=>{"Veterinary Science and Veterinary Medicine"=>1}}, "reader_count_by_country"=>{"Canada"=>1, "Netherlands"=>1, "United Kingdom"=>3, "France"=>1, "Chile"=>1, "Portugal"=>3, "Germany"=>1, "India"=>1, "Spain"=>1}, "group_count"=>2}
http://doi.org/10.1016/j.mib.2009.12.005
http://doi.org/10.3402/jom.v4i0.10368
http://doi.org/10.1038/cdd.2012.166
http://doi.org/10.1016/j.vaccine.2015.09.046
http://doi.org/10.1016/j.pt.2017.10.004
http://doi.org/10.1038/460669b
http://doi.org/10.1049/iet-nbt.2013.0032
http://doi.org/10.1016/j.devcel.2018.01.026
http://doi.org/10.1128/IAI.00570-15
http://doi.org/10.1016/j.tim.2010.09.006
http://doi.org/10.1016/j.dci.2019.103468
http://doi.org/10.1111/imb.12066
http://doi.org/10.1146/annurev-micro-090110-102943
http://doi.org/10.1016/j.jip.2014.02.001
http://doi.org/10.1016/j.micinf.2009.12.003
http://doi.org/10.1016/j.dci.2011.10.013
http://doi.org/10.1038/nsmb.2688
http://doi.org/10.1111/febs.13235
http://doi.org/10.1128/AEM.03290-13
http://doi.org/10.1016/j.smim.2016.03.010
http://doi.org/10.1016/j.bbalip.2015.04.002
Europe PMC Citations 2828 Jan 23:29 UTC
Europe PMC Database Citations 10017 May 18:45 UTC
Europe PMC Database Citations | Further Information
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{"type"=>"COMMENT", "annotationUri"=>"info:doi/10.1371/annotation/527e02d0-4585-4c7d-90da-4d5ad8fdf604", "title"=>"Very interesting", "body"=>"It is very encouraging to see papers like this, congratulations to the authors, I think it is very useful in the teaching of the innate immune response. I wonder if you are interesting in interacting with other groups like ours.\n\nAlfonso Islas\nLaboratorio de Péptidos Naturales\nUniversidad de Guadalajara", "isRemoved"=>false, "created"=>"2009-08-06T20:16:04Z", "lastModified"=>"2009-08-06T20:16:04Z", "creator"=>{"userId"=>"149259"}, "highlightedText"=>"", "competingInterestStatement"=>{"creatorWasPrompted"=>true, "hasCompetingInterests"=>false}, "parentArticle"=>{"doi"=>"info:doi/10.1371/journal.ppat.1000518", "state"=>"published", "journals"=>{"PLoSPathogens"=>{"journalKey"=>"PLoSPathogens", "eIssn"=>"1553-7374", "title"=>"PLOS Pathogens"}}}, "replyTreeSize"=>0, "mostRecentActivity"=>"2009-08-06T20:16:04Z", "replies"=>[]}
Research Blogging24 Jan 17:31 UTC
Wikipedia 1028 Feb 19:54 UTC
{"title"=>"File:Drosophila-Embryos-as-Model-Systems-for-Monitoring-Bacterial-Infection-in-Real-Time-ppat.1000518.s005.ogv", "url"=>"http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Drosophila-Embryos-as-Model-Systems-for-Monitoring-Bacterial-Infection-in-Real-Time-ppat.1000518.s005.ogv", "timestamp"=>"2018-02-12T17:15:04Z"}
Wordpress.com06 Sep 02:14 UTC
Counter 991131 Dec 02:41 UTC
{"month"=>"10", "year"=>"2018", "pdf_views"=>"6", "xml_views"=>"0", "html_views"=>"9"}
{"month"=>"12", "year"=>"2019", "pdf_views"=>"12", "xml_views"=>"0", "html_views"=>"8"}
{"files"=>["https://ndownloader.figshare.com/files/891479"], "description"=>"<p>(A) Stills from a movie (see <a href=\"http://www.plospathogens.org/article/info:doi/10.1371/journal.ppat.1000518#ppat.1000518.s009\" target=\"_blank\">Video S9</a>) of hemocytes expressing <i>Rac<sup>N17</sup></i> following injection of Mcf1. Hemocytes expressing <i>Rac<sup>N17</sup></i> are localised at the anterior of the embryo and have decreased lamellipodia formation and movement compared to wild-type cells. However, despite these defects <i>Rac<sup>N17</sup></i> hemocytes fail to freeze after Mcf1 injection and continue to form small dynamic membrane ruffles (arrow) and filopodia (arrowheads). (B) Time-lapse movie stills (see <a href=\"http://www.plospathogens.org/article/info:doi/10.1371/journal.ppat.1000518#ppat.1000518.s010\" target=\"_blank\">Video S10</a>) showing constitutively active <i>Rac<sup>V12</sup></i> expressing hemocytes following Mcf1 injection. <i>Rac<sup>V12</sup></i> expression in hemocytes causes reduced lamellipodia formation and migration when compared to wildtype cells. When exposed to Mcf1 these cells fail to display the freezing phenotype and like the <i>Rac<sup>N17</sup></i> expressing cells continue to make small dynamic protrusions (arrows). Scale bars represent 10 µm. Elapsed time is indicated in the upper right corner.</p>", "links"=>[], "tags"=>["defective", "rac", "evade", "mcf1", "mediated"], "article_id"=>561933, "categories"=>["Immunology", "Cell Biology", "Developmental Biology"], "users"=>["Isabella Vlisidou", "Andrea J. Dowling", "Iwan R. Evans", "Nicholas Waterfield", "Richard H. ffrench-Constant", "Will Wood"], "doi"=>"https://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.ppat.1000518.g006", "stats"=>{"downloads"=>1, "page_views"=>6, "likes"=>0}, "figshare_url"=>"https://figshare.com/articles/_Embryos_with_defective_Rac_activity_evade_Mcf1_mediated_paralysis_/561933", "title"=>"Embryos with defective Rac activity evade Mcf1 mediated paralysis.", "pos_in_sequence"=>0, "defined_type"=>1, "published_date"=>"2009-07-17 00:32:13"}
{"files"=>["https://ndownloader.figshare.com/files/891345"], "description"=>"<p>(A) Stills from a timelapse movie (see <a href=\"http://www.plospathogens.org/article/info:doi/10.1371/journal.ppat.1000518#ppat.1000518.s008\" target=\"_blank\">Video S8</a>) of hemocytes expressing <i>shibire<sup>ts1</sup></i> following injection with 0.2 µg µl<sup>−1</sup> Mcf1. Unlike wildtype cells, <i>shibire</i> mutant hemocytes do not freeze after exposure to Mcf1 and continue to migrate (asterisk) and extend large actin rich protrusions (arrows). Elapsed time is indicated in the upper right corner. (B) Injection of Alexa Fluro 555 labelled Mcf1 (Mcf1 555) into wildtype embryos shows localisation of labelled Mcf1 in hemocytes (white arrows) 1 hour after injection. Mcf1 can also be seen outside hemocytes indicating localisation in other surrounding cell types (arrowheads). Scale bars represent 10 µm.</p>", "links"=>[], "tags"=>["mcf1"], "article_id"=>561801, "categories"=>["Immunology", "Cell Biology", "Developmental Biology"], "users"=>["Isabella Vlisidou", "Andrea J. Dowling", "Iwan R. Evans", "Nicholas Waterfield", "Richard H. ffrench-Constant", "Will Wood"], "doi"=>"https://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.ppat.1000518.g005", "stats"=>{"downloads"=>1, "page_views"=>4, "likes"=>0}, "figshare_url"=>"https://figshare.com/articles/_Internalisation_of_Mcf1_is_required_for_freezing_/561801", "title"=>"Internalisation of Mcf1 is required for freezing.", "pos_in_sequence"=>0, "defined_type"=>1, "published_date"=>"2009-07-17 00:30:01"}
{"files"=>["https://ndownloader.figshare.com/files/890776"], "description"=>"<p>(A) An embryo expressing GFP specifically in the hemocytes shows their characteristic pattern of distribution whereby the cells are arranged into three parallel lines running along the ventral surface of a stage 15 embryo (arrows). (B) Embryo injected with fluorescently labelled <i>E. coli</i> in the anterior region of the embryo (asterisk). 20 minutes after injection hemocytes become labelled as they bind the injected bacteria (arrows). (C) Hemocytes within <i>dscam<sup>05518</sup></i> mutant embryos are able to recognize <i>E. coli</i> and can be seen to bind the fluorescently labelled bacteria (arrows) in a pattern indistinguishable from the wildtype. (D) Confocal images showing a series of optical slices taken through GFP expressing hemocytes. Images clearly show that the cells have internalised injected RFP labelled <i>E .coli</i> (arrows). (E) A projection of the slices shown in (D) highlight the two hemocytes (green) containing <i>E .coli</i> (red). (F) Z section taken through the region depicted by the dotted line on (E) clearly shows that the bacteria (red) are contained within the hemocyte (green). Arrows mark the cell extremities and correspond to the position of the arrows in (E). Scale bars represent 50 µm (A–C) and 10 µm (D and E).</p>", "links"=>[], "tags"=>["recognised", "engulfed", "embryonic"], "article_id"=>561231, "categories"=>["Immunology", "Cell Biology", "Developmental Biology"], "users"=>["Isabella Vlisidou", "Andrea J. Dowling", "Iwan R. Evans", "Nicholas Waterfield", "Richard H. ffrench-Constant", "Will Wood"], "doi"=>"https://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.ppat.1000518.g001", "stats"=>{"downloads"=>1, "page_views"=>6, "likes"=>0}, "figshare_url"=>"https://figshare.com/articles/_Injected_E_coli_are_recognised_and_engulfed_by_embryonic_hemocytes_/561231", "title"=>"Injected <i>E. coli</i> are recognised and engulfed by embryonic hemocytes.", "pos_in_sequence"=>0, "defined_type"=>1, "published_date"=>"2009-07-17 00:20:31"}
{"files"=>["https://ndownloader.figshare.com/files/891218"], "description"=>"<p>(A) Stills from a movie showing dorsal closure in an embryo expressing GFP moesin in all tissues. Over a period of 2 hours opposing lateral epithelial sheets sweep dorsally and fuse in the midline to seal the dorsal side of the embryo. (B) Stills from a movie (see <a href=\"http://www.plospathogens.org/article/info:doi/10.1371/journal.ppat.1000518#ppat.1000518.s007\" target=\"_blank\">Video S7</a>) showing high magnification detail of the boxed region in A show that opposing epithelial fronts zipper together at the canthi (arrowhead) to close the dorsal hole. Arrows point to a hemocyte as it migrates beneath the epithelium. (C) Stills from a timelapse movie (see <a href=\"http://www.plospathogens.org/article/info:doi/10.1371/journal.ppat.1000518#ppat.1000518.s007\" target=\"_blank\">Video S7</a>) of an embryo injected with Mcf1 show that the presence of the toxin has no effect on dorsal closure which proceeds at the same speed as observed in wildtype embryos (compare with (A)). (D) High magnification stills from zipping canthi show that epithelial fronts fuse as normal in these areas. Note that no dynamic hemocytes can be seen in these stills nor in the accompanying movie due to the freezing effect of Mcf1 on these cells. Scale bars represent 50 µm (A and C) and 10 µm (B and D). Elapsed time is indicated in the upper right corner.</p>", "links"=>[], "tags"=>["dorsal"], "article_id"=>561678, "categories"=>["Immunology", "Cell Biology", "Developmental Biology"], "users"=>["Isabella Vlisidou", "Andrea J. Dowling", "Iwan R. Evans", "Nicholas Waterfield", "Richard H. ffrench-Constant", "Will Wood"], "doi"=>"https://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.ppat.1000518.g004", "stats"=>{"downloads"=>1, "page_views"=>3, "likes"=>0}, "figshare_url"=>"https://figshare.com/articles/_Mcf1_has_no_effect_on_dorsal_closure_/561678", "title"=>"Mcf1 has no effect on dorsal closure.", "pos_in_sequence"=>0, "defined_type"=>1, "published_date"=>"2009-07-17 00:27:58"}
{"files"=>["https://ndownloader.figshare.com/files/890952"], "description"=>"<p>(A) Stills from a movie (see <a href=\"http://www.plospathogens.org/article/info:doi/10.1371/journal.ppat.1000518#ppat.1000518.s002\" target=\"_blank\">Video S2</a>) of hemocytes expressing RFPmoesin following injection of GFP expressing <i>E. coli</i>. Hemocytes (asterisk) can be clearly seen actively migrating within the embryo and extending dynamic actin rich protrusions (arrow) as they bind and clear the injected <i>E. coli</i> (yellow). Insets show the movement of bacteria over the period of the movie as they are carried within the migrating hemocytes. (B) Stills from a movie (see <a href=\"http://www.plospathogens.org/article/info:doi/10.1371/journal.ppat.1000518#ppat.1000518.s002\" target=\"_blank\">Video S2</a>) of RFP labelled hemocytes following injection of GFP labelled <i>Photorhabdus</i>. Hemocytes are able to recognise and bind the bacteria (yellow) but are completely frozen remaining in the same position for the duration of the movie (60 minutes). Cells still display actin rich protrusions (arrows) but these are static and bear no resemblance to the dynamic structures normally seen in hemocytes (compare to (A)). Insets show that the <i>Photorhabdus</i> bacteria themselves do not move throughout the movie as they are anchored to the static hemocytes. Scale bars represent 10 µm. Elapsed time is indicated in the upper right corner.</p>", "links"=>[], "tags"=>["injection", "causes", "freezing", "embryonic"], "article_id"=>561404, "categories"=>["Immunology", "Cell Biology", "Developmental Biology"], "users"=>["Isabella Vlisidou", "Andrea J. Dowling", "Iwan R. Evans", "Nicholas Waterfield", "Richard H. ffrench-Constant", "Will Wood"], "doi"=>"https://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.ppat.1000518.g002", "stats"=>{"downloads"=>1, "page_views"=>7, "likes"=>0}, "figshare_url"=>"https://figshare.com/articles/_Photorhabdus_injection_causes_a_dramatic_freezing_of_embryonic_hemocytes_/561404", "title"=>"<i>Photorhabdus</i> injection causes a dramatic freezing of embryonic hemocytes.", "pos_in_sequence"=>0, "defined_type"=>1, "published_date"=>"2009-07-17 00:23:24"}
{"files"=>["https://ndownloader.figshare.com/files/441566", "https://ndownloader.figshare.com/files/441605", "https://ndownloader.figshare.com/files/441651", "https://ndownloader.figshare.com/files/441684", "https://ndownloader.figshare.com/files/441718", "https://ndownloader.figshare.com/files/441747", "https://ndownloader.figshare.com/files/441786", "https://ndownloader.figshare.com/files/441821", "https://ndownloader.figshare.com/files/441859", "https://ndownloader.figshare.com/files/441895"], "description"=>"<div><p><em>Drosophila</em> embryos are well studied developmental microcosms that have been used extensively as models for early development and more recently wound repair. Here we extend this work by looking at embryos as model systems for following bacterial infection in real time. We examine the behaviour of injected pathogenic (<em>Photorhabdus asymbiotica</em>) and non-pathogenic (<em>Escherichia coli</em>) bacteria and their interaction with embryonic hemocytes using time-lapse confocal microscopy. We find that embryonic hemocytes both recognise and phagocytose injected wild type, non-pathogenic <em>E. coli</em> in a Dscam independent manner, proving that embryonic hemocytes are phagocytically competent. In contrast, injection of bacterial cells of the insect pathogen <em>Photorhabdus</em> leads to a rapid ‘freezing’ phenotype of the hemocytes associated with significant rearrangement of the actin cytoskeleton. This freezing phenotype can be phenocopied by either injection of the purified insecticidal toxin Makes Caterpillars Floppy 1 (Mcf1) or by recombinant <em>E. coli</em> expressing the <em>mcf1</em> gene. Mcf1 mediated hemocyte freezing is <em>shibire</em> dependent, suggesting that endocytosis is required for Mcf1 toxicity and can be modulated by dominant negative or constitutively active Rac expression, suggesting early and unexpected effects of Mcf1 on the actin cytoskeleton. Together these data show how <em>Drosophila</em> embryos can be used to track bacterial infection in real time and how mutant analysis can be used to genetically dissect the effects of specific bacterial virulence factors.</p> </div>", "links"=>[], "tags"=>["embryos", "systems", "monitoring", "bacterial"], "article_id"=>147039, "categories"=>["Immunology", "Cell Biology", "Developmental Biology"], "users"=>["Isabella Vlisidou", "Andrea J. Dowling", "Iwan R. Evans", "Nicholas Waterfield", "Richard H. ffrench-Constant", "Will Wood"], "doi"=>["https://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.ppat.1000518.s001", "https://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.ppat.1000518.s002", "https://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.ppat.1000518.s003", "https://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.ppat.1000518.s004", "https://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.ppat.1000518.s005", "https://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.ppat.1000518.s006", "https://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.ppat.1000518.s007", "https://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.ppat.1000518.s008", "https://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.ppat.1000518.s009", "https://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.ppat.1000518.s010"], "stats"=>{"downloads"=>0, "page_views"=>12, "likes"=>0}, "figshare_url"=>"https://figshare.com/articles/_Drosophila_Embryos_as_Model_Systems_for_Monitoring_Bacterial_Infection_in_Real_Time/147039", "title"=>"<em>Drosophila</em> Embryos as Model Systems for Monitoring Bacterial Infection in Real Time", "pos_in_sequence"=>0, "defined_type"=>4, "published_date"=>"2009-07-17 01:57:19"}
{"files"=>["https://ndownloader.figshare.com/files/891096"], "description"=>"<p>(A) Stills from a movie (see <a href=\"http://www.plospathogens.org/article/info:doi/10.1371/journal.ppat.1000518#ppat.1000518.s003\" target=\"_blank\">Video S3</a>) of hemocytes following injection of <i>E. coli</i> expressing Mcf1. The images clearly show that whilst the hemocytes can recognise the bacteria and bind them the cells are apparently frozen and fail to move throughout the whole 60 minutes of the movie. Insets show that the position of the bacteria does not change over the course of the movie. (B) Stills from a movie (see <a href=\"http://www.plospathogens.org/article/info:doi/10.1371/journal.ppat.1000518#ppat.1000518.s004\" target=\"_blank\">Video S4</a>) of GFPmoesin expressing hemocytes following injection of purified Mcf1 show an identical effect to that seen in (A). Hemocytes are unable to move, have static actin rich protrusions (arrows) and over time accumulate GFP positive puncta in the cytoplasm (arrowheads). (C) Graph showing percentage mortality of embryos following Mcf1 injection. 75% of embryos fail to hatch following Mcf1 injection as opposed to 26% of those injected with heat inactivated BSA. (D) Embryos containing GFP expressing hemocytes (arrowheads) 12 hours after injection with Mcf1 (below) show a dramatic reduction in hemocyte number when compared with control embryos (above). (E) Hemocytes expressing UAS-Bax to induce apoptosis are morphologically distinct from hemocytes exposed to Mcf1 (compare with B) appearing circular and lacking any protrusive structures (arrow). (F) Confocal image of hemocytes within a dead embryo 12 hours after Mcf1 injection. Hemocytes appear identical to apoptotic cells expressing Bax (compare with E). Scale bars represent 10 µm (A, B, E and F) and 100 µm (D). Elapsed time is indicated in the upper right corner in A and B.</p>", "links"=>[], "tags"=>["expressing", "mcf1", "recognised", "hemocytes", "induce", "freezing"], "article_id"=>561545, "categories"=>["Immunology", "Cell Biology", "Developmental Biology"], "users"=>["Isabella Vlisidou", "Andrea J. Dowling", "Iwan R. Evans", "Nicholas Waterfield", "Richard H. ffrench-Constant", "Will Wood"], "doi"=>"https://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.ppat.1000518.g003", "stats"=>{"downloads"=>0, "page_views"=>5, "likes"=>0}, "figshare_url"=>"https://figshare.com/articles/_E_coli_expressing_Mcf1_are_recognised_by_hemocytes_and_induce_a_freezing_phenotype_/561545", "title"=>"<i>E. coli</i> expressing Mcf1 are recognised by hemocytes and induce a freezing phenotype.", "pos_in_sequence"=>0, "defined_type"=>1, "published_date"=>"2009-07-17 00:25:45"}
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Relative Metric 97964705 Apr 20:25 UTC
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F1000Prime 115 Jan 12:31 UTC
F1000Prime | Further Information
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{"year"=>2017, "month"=>10, "doi"=>"10.1371/journal.ppat.1000518", "f1000_id"=>"1229961", "url"=>"https://f1000.com/prime/1229961", "score"=>1, "classifications"=>["new_finding", "technical_advance"], "updated_at"=>"2017-10-30T08:40:39Z"}
|
cc/2020-05/en_middle_0097.json.gz/line30795
|
__label__cc
| 0.648283
| 0.351717
|
CHILDREN 1ST, 1 results 1
Royal Scottish Society for the Prevention of Cruelty to Children, 1 results 1
Glasgow, Scotland, United Kingdom, 1 results 1
Child abuse, 1 results 1
Charities, 1 results 1
Child care, 1 results 1
Child welfare, 1 results 1
Social policy and welfare, 1 results 1
Only top-level descriptions Royal Scottish Society for the Prevention of Cruelty to Children Scotland, United Kindgdom Children (family)
CHILDREN 1ST (formerly the Royal Scottish Society for the Prevention of Cruelty to Children RSSPCC) records
GB 1847 C1ST
The majority of material in the collection relates to the Glasgow branch of the RSSPCC, including the predecessor organisation, the Glasgow Society for the Prevention of Cruelty to Children. Publications produced by the RSSPCC head office and the Scottish Children's League of Pity (junior branch of the RSSPCC) are also included, as well as a small assortment of records from other branches.
Records include
-financial records of the Glasgow branch, 1906-1972
-legacy papers, 1950-1978
-complaint books Glasgow, 1953-1965
-Glasgow branch minutes, 1889-1963
-Glasgow District Finance Committee minutes, 1903-1971
-records of the Ladies Auxiliary Committee Glasgow, 1888-1971
-annual reports of the head office, 1896-1982
-annual reports of the branches, 1896-1967
-additional Glasgow branch annual reports, 1889- 1985
-records of the Scottish Children’s League including: annual reports, 1904-1993, City Sparrows 1899-1979, minutes of the Glasgow branch 1898-1978 and ephemera
-legislative acts and reports on subjects affecting children, 1885-1938
-papers relating to the Non-Accidental Injury to Children committees for Strathkelvin, Lanark and Dumbarton, 1975-1981
-institutional records including printed copies of the Royal Charter and the Constitution, 1920-1975
-staff records, Dunbartonshire and Glasgow, 1964-1971
-records relating to staff training and development, 1898, 1936, and 1970-1978
-assorted promotional material, newsletters, and other publications, 1984-2003
-Glasgow building fund appeal records, 1965-1967, and annual appeal records, 1975
-Glasgow property records, including architectural plans, 1963-1965;
-Crookston Home records including minute books, cash books and visitor books, 1903-1925
-organisational histories, including a recorded reminiscence of a former RSSPCC Inspector, 1990
CHILDREN 1ST
|
cc/2020-05/en_middle_0097.json.gz/line30801
|
__label__wiki
| 0.725479
| 0.725479
|
Dr Marcus Bunyan writes Art Blart: art and cultural memory archive
Marcus Bunyan writings
Marcus Bunyan black & white archive 1991-1997
Australian artists/exhibitions by name & posting
International artists/exhibitions by name & posting
Posts Tagged ‘Francisco Diaz de León Retablo
European research tour exhibition: ‘Into the Night: Cabarets and Clubs in Modern Art’ at the Barbican Art Gallery, UK Part 1
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Tags: art and clubbing, art and design of clubs, Bal Tic Tac, Bal Tic Tac 1921, bar at the Cabaret Fledermaus, Barbican Art Gallery, Bertold Löffler, Bertold Löffler Poster for a performance by Miss Macara, Bertold Löffler Poster for the Cabaret Fledermaus, Black and White Little Devils, Cabaret Del Diavolo, Cabaret Fledermaus, cabarets and art, Cafe De Nadie & Carpa Amaro, Carl Otto Czeschka, Carl Otto Czeschka First programme for the Cabaret Fledermaus, Carl Otto Czeschka Second programme for the Cabaret Fledermaus, Dance of the Crescent Moon, Dance of the Devils, Dancer from the Bal Tic Tac, Design for a light for the Bal Tic Tac, Design for Blue Domino, Design for Green Domino, Design for Maskenspiele, Design for Orange Domino, Design for the sign and flashing light for the facade of the Bal Tic Tac, Diavoletti neri e bianchi. Danza di diavoli, Eduard Josef Wimmer-Wisgrill, Eduard Josef Wimmer-Wisgrill Design for Maskenspiele, Eduard Josef Wimmer-Wisgrill Masquerades, El Café de Nadie, El corrido, El movimiento estridentista, Fernando Leal, Fernando Leal Dance of the Crescent Moon, Fernando Leal Dancers, Fernando Leal Danzantes, First programme for the Cabaret Fledermaus, Fortunato Depero, Fortunato Depero Black and White Little Devils, Fortunato Depero Diavoletti neri e bianchi. Danza di diavoli, Francisco Diaz de León Altarpiece, Francisco Diaz de León Retablo, Fritz Lang, Fritz Lang Poster for the Cabaret Fledermaus, Fritz Zeymer, Gabriel Fernández Ledesma, Gabriel Fernández Ledesma Chinese Ducks, Gabriel Fernández Ledesma Gabriel Fernández Ledesma, Gabriel Fernández Ledesma Head of Lenin, Gabriel Fernández Ledesma Opposum, Gabriel Fernández Ledesma Patos Chinos, Gabriel Fernández Ledesma Tlacuache, Germán Cueto, Germán Cueto Máscara estridentista, Germán Cueto Stridentist Mask, Gertrude Barrison, Giacomo Balla, Giacomo Balla Dancer from the Bal Tic Tac, Giacomo Balla Design for a light for the Bal Tic Tac, Giacomo Balla Design for the sign and flashing light for the facade of the Bal Tic Tac, Head of Lenin, Into the Night: Cabarets and Clubs in Modern Art, Isabella Villaseñor, Isabella Villaseñor Autorretrato, Isabella Villaseñor Self-portrait, Josef Hoffmann, Josef Hoffmann Weiner Werkstätte Postkarte, Josef Hoffmann Wiener Werkstätte Postkarte, Josef von Divéky Design for Green Domino, Josef von Divéky Poster design fro the Cabaret Fledermaus, Justino Fernandez, Justino Fernandez El corrido, Justino Fernandez La hora del mando, Justino Fernandez Market Time, Justino Fernandez The Corrido, La hora del mando, Le Corbusier, Le Corbusier Plan at 1:100 for the Cabaret Fledermaus, Manuel Maples Arce in the Café de Nadie, Market Time, Máscara estridentista, Mexican printed books 1923-1927, Mexican woodcuts, Mexican woodcuts 1922-28, Mexico City, Mexico City Cafe De Nadie & Carpa Amaro 1920s, Mexico City: Cafe De Nadie & Carpa Amaro, Morgenstimmung, nightlife clubbing and art, Nobody's Café, Patos Chinos, Plan at 1:100 for the Cabaret Fledermaus, Poster design fro the Cabaret Fledermaus, Poster for a performance by Miss Macara, Poster for the Cabaret Fledermaus, Ramón Alva de la Canal El Café de Nadie, Ramón Alva de la Canal Nobody's Café, Ramon Alva de la Canal, Ramon Alva de la Canal El movimiento estridentista, Ramon Alva de la Canal Manuel Maples Arce en el Café de Nadie, Ramon Alva de la Canal The Stridentist Movement, Rome Bal Tic Tac 1921, Rome Cabaret Del Diavolo 1922, Rome: Cabaret Del Diavolo, Second programme for the Cabaret Fledermaus, Stridentist Mask, The Corrido, The Stridentist Movement, Vienna Cabaret Fledermaus, Vienna Cabaret Fledermaus 1907-13, Weiner Werkstätte Postkarte, Wiener Werkstätte Postkarte
Exhibition dates: 4th October 2019 – 19th January 2020
Installation view of the exhibition Into the Night: Cabarets and Clubs in Modern Art at the Barbican Art Gallery, London
Photo: Marcus Bunyan
I saw this exhibition in London in October, my last on my European research trip.
Having been a clubber since 1975, I was fascinated to see the history of cabarets and clubs in modern art. I remember going to gay clubs such as Scandals in Soho in the 1970s with their Saturday Night Fever lit up glass dance floor – except this one had a revolving glass turntable at its centre; or Adams under the the Leicester Square Odeon (I think it was the Odeon?) with walls padded and buttoned in red velvet, where they played the latest funk and international disco. Sylvester was the first out and out gay disco star, still beloved, who was taken from us by AIDS. And then there was Heaven, at the time of its opening in December 1979 the biggest gay club in Europe, housed in the arches beneath Charing Cross railway station – the site of many a debauched evening of gay disco, then hi-energy, and sex. We could dance for hours on that huge dance floor, under the lasers and neons, only leaving to get water at the bar, just dancing on pure energy, and then cruise the famous tunnels and bars of the club. Fabulous.
Getting back to the exhibition, Into the Night was a tale of two halves, as can be seen in the installation photographs. The upper level gallery at the Barbican was stirring, intoxicating, mesmerising, especially the sections on Vienna and the Cabaret Fledermaus (see below) and Berlin and the Weimar Nightlife 1920s-30s, always a favourite avant-garde era of mine (see part 2 of the posting). The lower level featured 3 separate rooms, recreations of the bar at the Cabaret Fledermaus; the Ciné-Dancing space of L’Aubette; and the shadow theatre of Chat Noir: interesting to see as a walk through but nothing more – then followed by some sparse sections on London’s Cave of the Golden Calf, Harlem’s Jazz Clubs and Cabarets and Tehran’s Rasht 29 (Part 2 of the posting). It felt to me as though the curators ran out of money / time? objects? and curatorial inspiration for the last sections of the exhibition.
Whatever the case, looking at the exhibition as a whole, this was a fascinating insight into cabaret and club art, architecture and design with gems such as Jeanne Mammen’s glorious watercolour paintings on queer female desire and Lohse-Watchler’s dark scenes of Hamburg nightlife. The complex breadth of bohemian and artistic culture covered in the exhibition was truly breathtaking.
Dr Marcus Bunyan
Many thankx to the Barbican Art Gallery for allowing me to publish the media photographs in the posting. All installation images are iPhone images by Dr Marcus Bunyan. Please click on the photographs for a larger version of the image.
Catalogue cover for Into the Night: Cabarets and Clubs in Modern Art at the Barbican Art Gallery, London
Vienna: Cabaret Fledermaus 1907-13 wall text
Photos: Marcus Bunyan
Josef Hoffmann (Austrian, 1870-1956)
Weiner Werkstätte Postkarte (left to right) (installation views)
No. 74 (Interior view of the bar at the Cabaret Fledermaus);
No. 67 (Interior view of the auditorium with stage at the Cabaret Fledermaus)
Lithograph postcards
Collection of Leonard A. Lauder
Wall text about the Weiner Werkstätte postcards
Wiener Werkstätte Postkarte No. 74 (Interior view of the bar at the Cabaret Fledermaus)
Into the Night: Cabarets and Clubs in Modern Art (downstairs gallery, room recreation)
Installation view Barbican Art Gallery 4 October 2019 – 19 January 2020
Recreation of the bar at the Cabaret Fledermaus, originally designed by Josef Hoffmann (1907), 2019
Conceived by the Barbican Art Gallery and Caruso St John, in collaboration with the University of Applied Arts, Vienna
© Tristan Fewings / Getty Images
Downstairs gallery, room recreation
Josef von Divéky (Hungarian, 1887-1951)
Poster design fro the Cabaret Fledermaus (unrealised) (installation views)
Gouache over pencil on paper
University of Applied Arts Vienna, Collection and Archive
Carl Otto Czeschka (design)(Austrian, 1878-1960)
with illustrations by various artists
First programme for the Cabaret Fledermaus (installation view)
Publisher: Wiener Werkstate, Vienna
Printer: August Chwala, Vienna
Theatermuseum, Vienna
This programme for the opening night at the Cabaret Fledermaus on 19 October 1907 showcases its variety of experimental performances. Carl Otto Czeschka conceived the overarching design for the booklet, while vivid interior illustrations by contributing artists summon the spirit of the evenings activities.
First programme for the Cabaret Fledermaus (installation views)
Fritz Zeymer’s lyrical drawings capture the movements of Gertrude Barrison, who along with her sisters had become known in Europe and America for her bold, expressive dancing style. At the opening of the cabaret, Barrison performed solo to Edvard Greig’s romantic ‘Morgenstimmung’ (1875) in the ethereal white costume design by Zeymer himself (design shown here).
with cover design and illustrations by Moriz Jung
Second programme for the Cabaret Fledermaus (installation view)
Ariel Muzicant Collection, Vienna
Le Corbusier (Swiss-French, 1887-1965)
Plan at 1:100 for the Cabaret Fledermaus (installation views)
Graphite pencil, ink and wash on paper
Fondation Le Corbusier, Paris
Artefacts in display cabinet include Josef Hoffmann plant pot (1907), pepper mill (1907), vases for the Cabaret Fledermaus (1907) and an ashtray (1907) (installation views)
Installation views of the exhibition Into the Night: Cabarets and Clubs in Modern Art at the Barbican Art Gallery
Into the Night: Cabarets and Clubs in Modern Art
Bertold Löffler (Austrian, 1874-1960)
Poster for the Cabaret Fledermaus (installation view)
The Albertina Museum, Vienna
Poster for the Cabaret Fledermaus
© The Albertina Museum, Vienna
Poster for a performance by Miss Macara at the Cabaret Fledermaus (installation view)
Wall text about the poster for a performance by Miss Macara
Fritz Lang (Austrian-German-American, 1890-1976)
Design for ‘Green Domino’, ‘Orange Domino’ and ‘Blue Domino’ for the Cabaret Fledermaus (installation views)
Ink and pencil on paper
MAK – Austrian Museum of Applied Arts, Vienna
Eduard Josef Wimmer-Wisgrill (Austrian, 1882-1961)
Design for Maskenspiele (Masquerades) (two characters)
© MAK
Opening 4 October 2019, Into the Night: Cabarets and Clubs in Modern Art explores the social and artistic role of cabarets, cafés and clubs around the world. Spanning the 1880s to the 1960s, the exhibition presents a dynamic and multi-faceted history of artistic production. The first major show staged on this theme, it features both famed and little-known sites of the avant-garde – these creative spaces were incubators of radical thinking, where artists could exchange provocative ideas and create new forms of artistic expression. Into the Night offers an alternative history of modern art that highlights the spirit of experimentation and collaboration between artists, performers, designers, musicians and writers such as Henri de Toulouse-Lautrec, Loïe Fuller, Josef Hoffmann, Giacomo Balla, Theo van Doesburg and Sophie Taeuber-Arp, as well as Josephine Baker, Jeanne Mammen, Aaron Douglas, Jacob Lawrence, Ramón Alva de la Canal and Ibrahim El-Salahi.
Focusing on global locations from New York to Tehran, London, Paris, Mexico City, Berlin, Vienna and Ibadan, Into the Night brings together over 350 works rarely seen in the UK, including paintings, drawings, prints, photographs, films and archival material. Liberated from the confines of social and political norms, many of the sites provided immersive, often visceral experiences, manifesting the ideals of the artists and audiences who founded and frequented them. The exhibition features full-scale recreations of specific spaces, such as the multi-coloured ceramic tiled bar of the Cabaret Fledermaus in Vienna (1907), designed by Josef Hoffmann for the Wiener Werkstätte, and the striking abstract composition of the Ciné-Dancing designed by Theo van Doesburg for L’Aubette in Strasbourg (1926-28). The exhibition will feature a soundscape created by hrm199, the studio of acclaimed artist Haroon Mirza, specifically commissioned for the show.
Jane Alison, Head of Visual Arts, Barbican, said: “Into the Night casts a spotlight on some of the most electrifying cabarets and clubs of the modern era. Whether a creative haven, intoxicating stage or liberal hangout, all were magnets for artists, designers and performers to come together, collaborate and express themselves freely. Capturing the essence of these global incubators of experimentation and cross-disciplinarity, immersive 1:1 scale interiors will take the visitor on a captivating journey of discovery.”
Into the Night begins in Paris, on the eve of the 20th century, with two thrilling and iconic locations of the avant-garde. The theatrical shadow plays of the Chat Noir in the 1880s are brought to life through original silhouettes and works that decorated the interior of the cabaret, which acted as a forum for satire and debate for figures such as founder Rodolphe Salis, artist Henri Rivière and composer Erik Satie. The captivating serpentine dances of Loïe Fuller staged at the Folies Bergère in the 1890s were trail-blazing experiments in costume, light and movement. Henri de Toulouse-Lautrec captured her performances in his extraordinary series of delicately hand-coloured lithographs, brought together for the exhibition. Visitors will encounter the immersive “Gesamtkunstwerk” (total work of art) design of the Cabaret Fledermaus (1907) in Vienna by the Wiener Werkstätte, where experimental cabaret productions were staged. The exhibition includes original documentation of Oskar Kokoschka’s exuberant puppet theatre and Gertrude Barrison’s expressionist dance.
The Cave of the Golden Calf (1912), an underground haunt in Soho epitomising decadence and hedonism, is evoked through designs for the interior by British artists Spencer Gore and Eric Gill, as well as Wyndham Lewis’s highly stylised programmes for the eclectic performance evenings – advertised at the time as encompassing “the picturesque dances of the South, its fervid melodies, Parisian wit, English humour.” In Zurich, the radical atmosphere of the Cabaret Voltaire (1916) is manifested through absurdist sound poetry and fantastical masks that deconstruct body and language, evoking the anarchic performances by Hugo Ball, Emmy Hennings and Marcel Janco. This is the birthplace of Dada, where humour, chaos and ridicule reign. Two significant clubs in Rome provide insights into the electrifying dynamism of Futurism in Italy in the 1920s. Giacomo Balla’s mesmerising Bal Tic Tac (1921) is summoned by colour-saturated designs for the club’s interior, capturing the swirling movement of dancers. Also on show are drawings and furnishings for Fortunato Depero’s spectacular inferno-inspired Cabaret del Diavolo (1922) which occupied three floors representing heaven, purgatory and hell. Depero’s flamboyant tapestry writhes with dancing demons, expressing the club’s motto “Tutti all’inferno!!! (Everyone to hell!!!)”.
A few years later, a group of artists and writers from the radical movement Estridentismo, including Ramón Alva de la Canal, Manuel Maples Arce and Germán Cueto, began to meet at the Café de Nadie (Nobody’s Café) in Mexico City, responding to volatile Post-Revolutionary change and the urban metropolis. The ¡30-30! group expressed its values by holding a major print exhibition (partially reassembled here) in a travelling circus tent open to all. Meanwhile in Strasbourg, Theo van Doesburg, Hans Arp and Sophie Taeuber-Arp worked together to create the L’Aubette (1926-28), conceived as the ultimate “deconstruction of architecture”, with bold geometric abstraction as its guiding principle. The vast building housed a cinema-ballroom, bar, tearoom, billiards room, restaurant and more, each designed as immersive environments.
After a period of restraint in Germany during the First World War, the 1920s heralded an era of liberation and the relaxation of censorship laws. Numerous clubs and bars in metropolitan cities, such as Berlin, playing host to heady cabaret revues and daring striptease; the notorious synchronised Tiller Girls are captured in Karl Hofer’s iconic portrait. Major works by often overlooked female artists such as Jeanne Mammen and Elfriede Lohse-Wächtler, as well as George Grosz, Otto Dix and Max Beckmann, capture the pulsating energy of these nightclubs and the alternative lifestyles that flourished within them during the 1920s and 1930s. During the same time in New York, the literary and jazz scenes thrived and co-mingled in the predominantly African American neighbourhood of Harlem, where black identity was re-forged and debated. Paintings and prints by Aaron Douglas and Jacob Lawrence convey the vibrant atmosphere and complex racial and sexual politics of the time, while poetry by Langston Hughes and early cinema featuring Duke Ellington shed light on the rich range of creative expression thriving within the city.
Into the Night also celebrates the lesser known but highly influential Mbari Artists and Writers Club, founded in the early 1960s in Nigeria. Focusing on two of the club’s key locations, in Ibadan and Osogbo, the exhibition explores how they were founded as laboratories for postcolonial artistic practices, providing a platform for a dazzling range of activities – including open-air dance and theatre performances, featuring ground breaking Yoruba operas by Duro Ladipo and Fela Kuti’s Afro-jazz; poetry and literature readings; experimental art workshops; and pioneering exhibitions by African and international artists such as Colette Omogbai, Ibrahim El-Salahi and Uche Okeke. Meanwhile in Tehran, Rasht 29 emerged in1966 as a creative space for avant-garde painters, poets, musicians and filmmakers to freely discuss their practice. Spontaneous performances were celebrated and works by artists like Parviz Tanavoli and Faramarz Pilaram hung in the lounge while a soundtrack including Led Zeppelin and the Beatles played constantly.
The exhibition is curated and organised by Barbican Centre, London, in collaboration with the Belvedere, Vienna.
Press release from the Barbican Art Gallery [Online] Cited 28/12/2019
Rome: Cabaret Del Diavolo 1922 wall text
Installation views of the exhibition Into the Night: Cabarets and Clubs in Modern Art at the Barbican Art Gallery showing Fortunato Depero’s tapestry Diavoletti neri e bianchi. Danza di diavoli (Black and White Little Devils: Dance of the Devils), 1922
Fortunato Depero wall text
Fortunato Depero (Italian, 1892-1960)
Diavoletti neri e bianchi. Danza di diavoli (Black and White Little Devils: Dance of the Devils)
Mart, Museo di arte moderna e contemporanea di Trento e Rovereto / Fondo Depero
© DACS 2019. Archivo Depero, Rovereto. Courtesy Mart – Archivio Fotografico e Mediateca
Rome: Bal Tic Tac 1921 wall text
Giacomo Balla (Italian, 1871-1958)
Design for the sign and flashing light for the facade of the Bal Tic Tac (installation views)
Giacomo Balla wall text
Design for the sign and flashing light for the facade of the Bal Tic Tac
© DACS, 2019. Reproduced by permission of the Fondazione Torino Musei
Photo: Studio Fotografico Gonella 2014
Dancer from the Bal Tic Tac (installation view)
Biagiotti Cigna Foundation
Design for a light for the Bal Tic Tac (installation view)
Pencil and tempera on paper
Torino, GAM – Galleria Civica d’Arte moderna e Contemporanea, Gabinetto Disegni e Stampe
Mexico City: Cafe De Nadie & Carpa Amaro 1920s wall text
Installation views of the exhibition Into the Night: Cabarets and Clubs in Modern Art at the Barbican Art Gallery showing a group of Mexican woodcuts 1922-28
Justino Fernandez (Mexican, 1904-1972)
El corrido (The Corrido) (installation views)
Fondo Diaz de León
Colección Andres Blastien, Mexico
La hora del mando (Market Time) (installation views)
Fernando Leal (Mexican, 1896-1964)
Danzantes (Dancers) (installation view)
Francisco Diaz de León (Mexican, 1897-1975)
Retablo (Altarpiece)
Isabella Villaseñor (Mexican, 1909-1953)
Autorretrato (Self-portrait) (installation view)
Colecciones Carlos Monsivais
Museo del Estanquillo
Dance of the Crescent Moon (installation view)
Museo Nacional de Arte, INBA
Gabriel Fernández Ledesma (Mexican, 1900-1983)
Cabeza de Lenin (Head of Lenin) (installation view)
Tlacuache (Opposum) (installation view)
Patos Chinos (Chinese Ducks) (installation view)
Installation view of the exhibition Into the Night: Cabarets and Clubs in Modern Art at the Barbican Art Gallery showing Germán Cueto’s Máscara estridentista (Stridentist Masks), c. 1924
Germán Cueto (Mexican, 1893-1975)
Máscara estridentista (Stridentist Mask)
Colección Ysabel Galán, México
Photo: Cortesia del Museo Frederico Silva Escultura Contemporeana, San Luis Potosi, Mexico
Installation views of the exhibition Into the Night: Cabarets and Clubs in Modern Art at the Barbican Art Gallery showing Ramón Alva de la Canal’s painting El Café de Nadie (Nobody’s Café), c. 1970
Ramón Alva de la Canal (Mexican, 1892-1985)
El Café de Nadie (Nobody’s Café)
© DACS, 2019
Courtesy Private Collection
Installation views of the exhibition Into the Night: Cabarets and Clubs in Modern Art at the Barbican Art Gallery showing Mexican printed books 1923-1927
El movimiento estridentista (The Stridentist Movement) (installation views)
Francisco Reyes Palma Collection
Manuel Maples Arce en el Café de Nadie (Manuel Maples Arce in the Café de Nadie) (installation view)
Museo Nacional de Arte, Mexico City
Barbican Art Gallery
Silk Street, London
EC2Y 8DS
Mon – Tue 12noon – 6pm
Wed – Fri 12noon – 9pm
Barbican Art Gallery website
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Dr Marcus Bunyan is an Australian artist and writer. His art work explores the boundaries of identity and place. He writes Art Blart, a photographic archive and form of cultural memory, which posts mainly photography exhibitions from around the world. He holds a Dr of Philosophy from RMIT University, Melbourne, a Master of Arts (Fine Art Photography) from RMIT University, and a Master of Art Curatorship from the University of Melbourne.
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Marcus Bunyan black and white archive: ‘Mask’ 1994
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Review: ‘Turning Points: Contemporary Photography from China’ at the National Gallery of Victoria, Melbourne
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February 28, 2018 Webinars
Free AT Webinars in March
All links open in a new tab:
The Accessible Technology Coalition compiles this listing of free webinars from around the Web! Follow the ATC Facebook page for late additions.
Here are the free webinars for March 2018! Some require pre-registration. All are 1 hour long unless otherwise noted.
Free Webinars – Adults and Transition-Aged
Free Telecommunications Solutions in California from AbilityTools
March 6th, 2018 at 10:30 am Pacific, 1:30 pm Eastern
Speech2RTT (Transcribes speech to text, in real-time, on Android) from EASI
March 6, 2018 at 11am Pacific, 2 pm Eastern
Tools, Tips, and Tricks on Mobile and Web Platforms for Users with Disabilities from Great Lakes ADA Center
March 8, 2018 at 11:30 am Pacific, 2:30 pm Eastern (90 min.)
Free Webinars – K-12 Educators & Parents
Study Skills 1: Research and Note-taking Skills from CTD
March 1, 2018 at 9:30 am Pacific, 12:30 pm Eastern
Tactile Map Guidelines from Texas School for the Blind and Visually Impaired
March 6, 2018 at 1 pm Pacific, 4 pm Eastern
AT and Apps to Support Math for Diverse Learners! from CTD
March 14, 2018 at 1 pm Pacific, 4 pm Eastern
Assistive Technology: What is it and How to Use it from PACER
March 21, 2018 at 9 am Pacific, 12 pm Eastern (90 min.)
Study Skills 2: Multi-Sensory Learning and Review from CTD
March 22, 2018 at 9:30am Pacific, 12:30pm Eastern
ABCs & AAC: Alphabet Books in AAC Implementation from AbleNet
March 28, 2018 at 9am Pacific, 12pm Eastern (75 min.)
SETC webinars are at 3:30 pm Pacific, 6:30 pm Eastern, except the first.
March 5: AT Chatter: Chrome Accessibility (11:30am Pacific, 2:30pm Eastern)
March 6: ATIA Recap
March 12: AEM for Success!
March 14: Overview of Reading Accommodations
March 15: Switch Access to Chromebooks and iPads
March 19: Top 5 AAC Apps (12pm Pacific, 3pm Eastern)
March 20: Access to Print & Electronic Text
March 22: Speech Recognition: When, Where, & Why
March 26: 3rd Party Keyboards in iOS
AT101: Understanding and Advocating for Assistive Technology and AT102: Back to the Basics-Tablets and Apps for LD from Learning Disabilities Assn. of America
PDF Accessibility: A Deeper Dive – Exploring Tools and Solutions from Great Lakes ADA Center
AT Video Pick of the Month
Symbols and Learning to Read with Dr. Caroline Musselwhite. Dr. Caroline Musselwhite is an assistive technology specialist with more than 30 years of experience working with children and adolescents with significant disabilities.
3 AT Resources You Should Know
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World of Tanks Blitz updated with new British vehicles, new battle arena and more
Pocket Gaming
by Aldrin Calimlim
Wargaming has just deployed another major update to World of Tanks Blitz, the rip-roaring iOS edition of its wildly popular World of Tanks console MMORPG featuring historic armored vehicles.
Last month, the game received an update that brought a new line of British vehicles and a new map called Winter Malinovka.
Similarly, the latest update to World of Tanks Blitz introduces new British tanks and a new unique map.
The new version of the game features a new branch of Her Majesty’s medium and heavy tanks, including the Black Prince and the Churchill. These vehicles have been transferred from the World of Tanks tech tree and specially balanced for World of Tanks Blitz. They’re particularly well-suited for mobile on account of their high rate of fire and superb elevation angles.
If you can’t see the video embedded above, please click here.
The newly updated World of Tanks Blitz also boasts a new map made exclusively for the game. Called Castilla, the map features a summer battle arena with lots of hills and cover.
The update also makes the premium vehicles Matilda BP and AT15A available for purchase with gold and optimizes the game for older devices.
World of Tanks Blitz is available on the App Store as a free-to-play game for iPhone, iPod touch, and iPad.
Check out the game and its new update now if you want to play a “thrilling” tank-themed strategy game on your iOS device.
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Liquidity crisis
From farm to home, M&M Financial is doubling down on digital sales
The NBFC arm of automobile major M&M Group — which focuses on vehicles, equipment, and SME financing in rural and semi-urban areas saw profits plunge in both the first two quarters. Growth slowed in the face of poor consumer sentiment even as the cost of funds went up.Suman Layak | ET Bureau | December 08, 2019, 13:05 IST
M&M Financial, among the top three in vehicle financing in India with a loan book exceeding Rs 70,000 crore, pushed hard on the used-vehicle financing pedal as a first step.
A diversity can often open up new avenues. For Mahindra & Mahindra Financial Services, it might have just opened up new revenue streams.
In the first half of 2019-20, the liquidity crisis hovering over the non-banking finance companies (NBFCs) in India reached the doorsteps of M&M Financial. The NBFC arm of automobile major M&M Group — which focuses on vehicles, equipment, and SME financing in rural and semi-urban areas saw profits plunge in both the first two quarters. Growth slowed in the face of poor consumer sentiment even as the cost of funds went up.
The scrip plunged 10.5% on a single day after the first quarter results and analysts pointed out how the business model of the NBFC was dependant on the auto industry and the vagaries of the agricultural cycles. M&M Financial, among the top three in vehicle financing in India with a loan book exceeding Rs 70,000 crore, pushed hard on the used-vehicle financing pedal as a first step.
And then it decided to evolve its business model, offer new products for new customers along with building a digital access layer. The NBFC is moving into financing consumer durables and personal loans that its customers might need. Its housing finance subsidiary, which only gave small-ticket loans for home extensions and has a loan book of Rs 8,000 crore, will now offer to finance affordable homes too.
M&M Finance MD Ramesh Iyer says the consumer durables and personal loans will grow to a loan book of Rs 10,000 crore in two years, while the affordable housing book would grow to around Rs 2,500 crore.
Iyer tells ET Magazine he has seen the profile of his customers slowly changing and becoming younger.
The farmer who would buy a tractor at the age of 40-45 was now doing so at 30-35. The car buyer was now even younger at 25-35 years from 35-plus earlier. “Customers were increasingly asking for loans to buy consumer durables or loans to meet shortterm business or personal needs. And the customer was more aware of options, ready to hunt for a better price or interest rate. We started asking ourselves how do we meet the demands of this new customer?”
While trying to broaden the range of products, Iyer and his team decided to build a layer of digital access that would ride on the NBFC’s physical presence of 1,500 branches. “We had to be phygital,” Iyer says. A completely digital strategy is not feasible in rural areas, he says.
The first step is to make it easier for an existing customer to access another product, be it a loan or insurance offering. M&M’s digital platform will allow a customer to seek loans from his own home through an app or through the website.
The company has a 20 member team working on an artificial intelligence platform that would be used to offer products on the basis of metrics such as repayment record and credit score. This would complement the physical presence of the branch network, which still depends on personally assessing a customer and customising products for agricultural cycle-led business models.
In a development last week that further helps diversify the loan book, M&M Financial got an investment of $200 million from the World Bank Group’s International Finance Corporation, half of which will be dedicated to funding women-led MSMEs.
M&M Financial says even otherwise, it was adequately funded. Iyer says: “The liquidity crunch never affected our money supply as we were always able to raise money. But the cost of funds went up by 100-150 basis points since the third quarter of FY19. Customer sentiments were also low since January 2019. Add to this the fact that this is the first year of reporting numbers under the new accounting standards, IND AS.”
Let us take a look at the numbers now. While consolidated total income had grown from Rs 2,315 crore for the first quarter of 2018-19 to Rs 2,851.70 in Q1 of 2019-20, the reported profit after tax dropped from Rs 322.27 crore to Rs 108.46 crore in the same period. On July 24, a day after the results were announced, the M&M Financial stock shed 10.5% to close at Rs 304.35.
Edelweiss Securities analysts had said on July 23 that the results were disappointing, though the first quarter is usually soft for the NBFC sector. “MMFSL’s business model is directly linked to demand for underlying auto segments, hence earnings will be subject to the seasonality and cyclicality of the same,” they added. Expansion of footprint by other NBFCs and a rural slowdown would also affect it. Edelweiss maintained a buy but revised the target price from Rs 518 to Rs 390.
In the July-September quarter of FY20 profit more than doubled to Rs 263.6 crore quarter on quarter, but year-on-year net profit was still down by 39%, from the Rs 435 crore recorded in the second quarter of 2018-19. On October 23, Edelweiss revised the stock target price to Rs 397, and said: “With high-cost borrowing retiring & M&M Financial Services’ pricing power, we anticipate improvement to play through.” The scrip closed at Rs 327.60 on December 6. Slowed growth remains a challenge. Iyer points out that from a 20% growth in business in the festive season of 2018, it is now at a low of 5%.
Iyer says the NBFC has made other changes. It has virtually stopped lending to smaller NBFCs. The shortterm money raised through commercial paper have come down to 5-7% of its borrowings from 12-15%. Cost of funds has declined to around 8% from 9.5% last year. Fixed deposits have grown from 7-8% to around 15% of its portfolio. The NBFC is also open to acquisitions — a portfolio buy being the preferred option, rather than buying out another NBFC. All options for growth seem to be on the table.
IFC invests $200mn in Mahindra Finance for MSME lending
Stock pick of the week: Why analysts are bullish on M&M Finance
Tags : Auto Finance, vehicle financing, M&M Financial, NBFC, auto finance, MSME, Mahindra Group, Liquidity crisis
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Dreaming of busybodies and remembering a philosopher’s comeuppance
Posted on May 14, 2010 May 17, 2010 by baggyparagraphs
I dream of words as an ice cube dreams of Antarctica. This morning I awoke dreaming of the word quidnunc. (My spell-checker exclaims, “WTF!”) Without looking it up I’m going to say it means “busybody.” Shirley T., the member of my wife’s sewing group who wouldn’t look at me on Wednesday evening, is by general agreement among the church ladies a quidnunc. The mother of Mr. Bubbles, the overpampered bichon frise (spell-checker twice corrects “frise” to “fries”) in our neighborhood, is also a quidnunc. Now I open the dictionary, which informs that quidnunc is an early 18th-century adaptation of the Latin quid nunc? or “what now?” Today considered archaic, quidnunc is defined as “An inquisitive person; a gossip; a newsmonger.”
Maybe I was dreaming in preparation for the SAT. My mind quizzes me as I slumber. Do I also do algebraic equations? I recall the word being displayed in white block letters; I don’t recall a context: it’s not as though a quidnunc became Queens borough president or yielded in the eighth to the Royals submarining righty reliever Dan Quisenberry (1953-1998).
Today’s quidnunc was just a quirk.
A philosopher’s comeuppance: I’ve also found myself thinking about a former friend, a philosopher who espoused suspicions about the digital world. Around 15 years ago, when I first got caller I.D., she said it seemed unfair that I should know who was calling. If that logic held, then we would also have to remove peepholes from doors. She let it be known more than once that she disliked answering e-mail; a real reply required her sitting at a desk with pen and paper. She often expressed apprehension about having aspects of her identity spread across the Internet, where the government, at least, could find out things.
(She liked to be in control, handled all the household business and practically every detail of the family life, and insisted on calling the shots in our friendship, too.)
Hearing of Spokeo for the first time the other day, it was with some relish that I entered her name. I gave a start when her profile opened up. Yes, it was she: white, early 50s, loves reading. They have her address correct, except that she moved away in January. I don’t think her house was ever valued anywhere close to $1 million-plus, as stated. They call her a Libra when she’s a Scorpio by two days. And why would they say she’s not interested in politics when she invariably put up campaign signs for Democratic candidates in a very heavily Republican precinct? (She had a way of rather imprudently leading with her opinions and trying to reform and educate the poor blighters she found herself surrounded with, small-town folks, and as the result she was twice defeated for the school board in a district where it’s almost impossible to lose an election; the opposition must have started in the superintendent’s office and extended throughout the school system itself.)
I searched two other names and found one more profile. To that person, I sent a little advisory. But the philosopher will have to divine that she’s profiled on Spokeo.
Jack Walton, second from left in the front row.
Reconnecting with an old coworker: Early this week an envelope arrived from my friend Gregory Leo Stewart, of Santa Monica. It contained a note that he had sat down to write by hand and a photo from the Daily Breeze. The picture showed the Oceanaires vocal group. Greg had spotted our former coworker Jack Walton in the front row. We worked for the inimitable cue card king, Barney McNulty. I was employed by Barney’s company from 1979 to 1982. Jack was the guy who would read my little humor fanzine, Thudpucker, and say, “You might have something there if you brought it back to earth.” In those days of things being hurled at my head, that was the most thoughtful and constructive criticism I got.
Through the Oceanaires’ website, I sent off an e-mail with the subject line “Jack Walton out of Jail?” On Wednesday, Jack called and we spent a few minutes catching up on the last 28 years since I’d moved away from California. He sounded great. Jack said he’d continued working for Barney until the great man’s death in 2000. Since then Jack, who always had aspirations to croon professionally, has become involved with the Oceanaires and also sings in a ’60s and ’70s classic-rock band that recently played the House of Blues Sunset Strip. It was a thrill to hear from him and an inspiration to know he’s hung in there with his art. Having lived so far away from Los Angeles for such a long time, I never imagined I’d be able to reestablish contact with him or any others from the cue card days.
Posted in Baggy StuffTagged Barney McNulty, busybodies, dreams, long lost friends, Oceanaires, philosophers, Scorpio, Spokeo, words
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3 thoughts on “Dreaming of busybodies and remembering a philosopher’s comeuppance”
Programs says:
The woman wouldn’t look at you? Too bright an intellect for her to look upon?
Cicero said it best: “Damnant quod non intellegunt.” (They seek condemnation of what they do not understand.)
Sneezemom says:
Hadn’t known about Spokeo. I find it Spookeo. Now THERE is a true invasion of privacy. Caller ID allows you not to allow unwanted visiters into your life.
It is also WRONG. The person who is listed as living here has NEVER lived here and has a household of his own.
When obamacare kicks in, all of our medical records will be there also. Back taxes owed? Criminal record? Out there for all to see.
artextraction says:
Public records are public records, including IRS records and property taxes. that is nothing new. Spokeo’s marketing seems fairly smart. Everyone I know has gone to their site and deleted themselves, under a cloud of outrage. So, we’ll remember them.
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← Decline Theory, Econocide and a Bottle of Rum
Constitutional Amendment 2007: Prime Minister Owen Arthur Engaging In Cover-up Of Immense Financial Scandal →
by BFP | March 13, 2007 · 3:49 pm
Ikael Tafari Says Africa Had No Slaves – (Perhaps Most Africans Came To Barbados On Vacation And Were Then Enslaved?)
It was fitting that Ghana should be the gateway to national Independence on the continent for, historically, that West African country was a major gateway through which European slave-traders penetrated the interior of the Motherland, in their rapacious quest to capture those Africans who they shipped for over three centuries across the Atlantic into chattel slavery in the Caribbean and the Americas.
Incidentally, the term ‘slave trade’ misleads, implying Africans shipped to the New World were already slaves, when in fact the overwhelming majority of them were enslaved later on plantations in the West.
Ikael Tafari – Director for Barbados Commission For Pan-African Affairs in The Nation News (link here)
Doctor Tafari is once again confused and confusing. Perhaps he had been smoking some of the herb before writing his latest in The Nation News. According to him, those bad old whites “penetrated” Africa to personally capture every black person shipped across the Atlantic to the plantations.
No way the Africans themselves would have captured other tribes and sold them to the whites. No way they had slaves themselves – and as for the Muslim and Arab slave trade, it just didn’t exist. Not worthy of mention by Tafari anyway.
What a propaganda statement by Tafari as he writes off historical and contemporary African and Middle East slavery – where thousands upon thousands are still enslaved in a business that has been ongoing for hundreds of years prior to the European Atlantic slave trade.
Dr. Tafari is perpetually confused about history, religion, culture and sexual perversion – and is a strange choice for a government appointment considering his being a proponent for the legalization of marijuana. (see BFP’s Barbados Director of Commission For Pan-African Affairs Confused About Religion, Culture and Sexual Perversion AND another BFP article We Need To Send A Message To Drug Gangs And To Bajan Youth.)
Dr. Tafari needs to take a trip to Pakistan, India, Saudi Arabia and Northern Africa and keep his eyes and mind open. Christian groups still purchase what slaves they can to free them as Tafari and his peers look the other way for the convenience of their political message.
Slavery is dead as an institution in Western Civilization largely to the efforts of white Christians like William Wilberforce and his contemporaries – not because of African or Arab efforts. Yes, we know that some sex slave trade still exists everywhere – even in Barbados – but that is certainly illegal and on a different scale than the slavery and slave trade that still exists as societal institutions in Africa and the Middle East.
Like everyone, Tafari is entitled to his views – but as a government appointee his views on the legalization of marijuana and the absence of African slaves in history are given a legitimacy that they do not deserve.
Filed under Africa, Barbados, Slavery
34 responses to “Ikael Tafari Says Africa Had No Slaves – (Perhaps Most Africans Came To Barbados On Vacation And Were Then Enslaved?)”
‘Doctor’ (?) Tafari is another example of a person who completely perverts – or does not bother to check- the facts- before he spouts nonsense to prove his point.
The European slave traders who brought slaves to Barbados were preceded by a long line of civilizations for whom slavery was a way of operating. Check out the civilizations who ran the world in times gone by i.e. Phoenicians, the Greeks, the Persians the Romans, the Macedonians, the Egyptians and other African nations and you will see that slavery always existed. It was the white guys in Britain and later the United States who fought long and hard and gave their lives to put a stop to it.
Can we move on from some political hack beating this dead horse and all the while making up stories to suit his myopic view of the world? Don’t know how he got the appelation Doctor but it appears he never has visited a library and done a little research.
Tuareg!
Africa STILL has slaves, every day of life!
and I-Tuareg be de one who does ketch dem, and sell dem! -cheap.
Me on my camel, in de sandy Sahara, where nobody don’t look.
My Tuareg people and three other tribes of dead-black peeples an dem..still enslaving stupid black people, and selling dem.
Good money, bwoy!
Floating an IPO nex week, sar!
Young Hutchinson is SO amusing!
As Pogo pointed out, it was the white British who actually did something about abolishing slavery.
In view of that, one would think the Barbados people would erect a statue in Wm.Wilberforce’s honour,
on a traffic roundabout named the William Wilberforce Roundabout, complete with a dedication ceremony.
But no, instead we have a MOST-comical statue staring at TriMart, dripping in emotive chains, dressed in a short pants from S.Y.Adam in Swan Street….serving what purpose?
TO enlighten drivers with something humorous as we endure the traffic conditions?
I heard Trevor Marshall on TV in February speak of Olaudah Equiano and how he was kidnapped and sold into slavery.
My immediate reaction was that the deed was done by white Europeans. However, I learnt a while ago to take most of what I am told with a pinch of salt, in the case of slavery, a tablespoon of salt.
My first impressions were totally incorrect. In fact he was kidnapped by other Africans, along with his sister and took sometime to get to the coast where he encountered white Europeans for the first time.
He never saw his sister again.
I’ll look for the passage in his book when I get home tonight and recheck what I read.
Funnily enough, Trevor Marshall and Ikael were on the same program on TV.
I got a good laugh when the nationnews reported Mr. Tafari telling some school children to be carefull what they put in their brains. 😀
Bajanboy
Doesn’t the Nation vet what its contributors write? Or do they assume that whatever a quasi-academic writes must be intellectually sound and historically factual.
Gbetormenyo
“As Pogo pointed out, it was the white British who actually did something about abolishing slavery”
I would add that since they benefitted most from it, it is only appropriate that they started the moves to end it. Ha! the good ole Brits! what would Africa do without them
“Slavery is dead as an institution in Western Civilization largely to the efforts of white Christians like William Willbourforce and his contemporaries ……”
could that possibly be the language of a”negocrat”. I don’t know, please do tell me. My ancestors were probably capturing their brothers and selling them out as slaves, (something which continues in more forms than you realize) to this day
gbetor@kpetoe
Dr Ikeal Tafari, the holder of a bonafide PhD from UWI, is indeed entitled to his views, but has no right to propogate lies as fact when he is our Government’s paid advocate for our African heritage.
He does not appear to be the right person for the job.
Which of the history-benders IS??
Jerome Hinds
Ikael Tafari still believes that because he was given Commissiong’s ” pick ” he must CONTRADICT everything that is Commissiong….!!!
Commissiong WOULD have never UTTERED such about Africa/Africans….!!!
‘Ghana leads the way again in yet another critical area. The government, through its Joseph Project, has issued an official apology on behalf of Africans on the continent to Blacks in the Diaspora for the role that the foreparents of the former played centuries ago in selling their fellow Africans into captivity. ‘
The above caption is a part of the article by Ikael that is published in the nation. I take it that this indicates that he is aware that Africans did play a significant role in the overall process of transatlantic slavery. This segment may seem confusing, however their is a concept that captivity is different to slavery. A person can be held as a captive, such as a prisoner of war (or as Bush likes to call it ‘enemy combatant’), or in the belly of a ship on the way to the Caribbean or America, however they only become a slave when they start to work with little or no say in their terms of work or the conditions under which they labour. This is further compounded when they are not paid or are forced, often through violence or fear to continue to work. This latter description applies as much to many of us here and now as it did to those slaves of 300 years ago. How many of us love our work and would rather be doing this work than something else?
How many of us reduce our life expectancy due to working in unsafe and unhealthy environments? HOW MANY OF US DO THIS BECAUSE WE FEAR the indoctrinated perception of failure, or losing the trappings that are considered signs of success.
The British or American concept of freedom (the abolition of slavery) may be believed by those that are still slaves. Slaves need to free themselves and determine what they consider to be freedom. When the choice that we are offered is; work for us for what we are willing to pay and under whatever conditions we decide are fitting or (or what?) then that is not choice, that is not freedom
Devil's Advocate!!
As Robert Nesta Marley once said, ‘if I was educated ,I would be a damn fool.’
Pogo :
What a load of crap!!!
it was the white guys in Britian and later the United States who fought long and hard ???
Who was the last country to say aparthied was wrong?
America!!
Who built the churches (anglican) in this country??
I dont agree with Tafari but you are just as ignorant to history as he is.
And to say Tafari must have been smoking some of the herb goes to show the ignorance of BFP.
Why smoking of herb has to be the reason for his ignorance?
Bob Marley smoked herb ,yet he wrote some of the most moving and prophetic songs in reggae.
Go check the history of this herb and you will see that it was made illegal by one ambitious senator from the USA,years ago, with false reports similliar to the ones Colin Powell shared with us.
If you want to discredit Tafari,please do it without using the ‘weed’ as a reason for his ignorance.
Weed dont do s**t to anyone .
Hello Ras
THAT is the big lie. Weed makes one lazy. Weed also impairs judgement in the operation of machinery and autos.
… and it makes people say bad words, obviously!
herefordian
Jewish merchants buying Africans from Muslim slave traders and selling them on to Christian plantation owners – an early example of the three major religions working in harmony? If there is a God my bet is that she’s an Atheist
Free Cannabis.
Weed does NOT make one lazy, not any more than simply living in the sleepy hot Caribbean makes one lazy – you are a victim of pro-Alcohol,Inc. anti-‘drug’ brainwashing, in that Cannabis must be kept suppressed for fear of it causing Alcohol’s collapse: the war on drugs has Sweet FA to do with health or ambition, but a lot more to do with protecting a foul-tasting but entrenched DRUG(fer real!) from competitor products which have NO HANGOVER.
Sure sure captivity…not slavery…sure sure.
Do you know how many people are still enslaved in the world today? Even by “their own people.”
I am not a racist but I do confess to being a nationalist. I am very concerned that there are no references or validation when Dr. Tafari publishes… I don’t want my people led astray.
To Dr. Tafari – “As a man thinkith in his heart, so is he.” -James Allen
Man’s thought has a significant role to play in controling his conditions.
Dr. Tafari -please don’t embed these inaccuracies in the hearts of people in Barbados. You will be accountable for this slavery of the mind you are creating in our youth.
sorry -(this should have been a part of the previous post)
nitpicker
BFP- another insert to a comment without attribution!
“RAS – March 14, 2007, 4.28 am”
“Hello, Ras- THAT is a big lie. Weed makes one lazy…..etc”
Who inserted this, and why is no name (or BFP) shown to make this clear? Is that you again, George?
Picky Knickers
Nitpicker,
Give it a rest. It’s a blog. Freeform syntax, grammar and all the rest rule here. Your comments may be academically correct, but are tiresome.
the doc is right keep on educating us you may be crucified for doing so.
Is O$A getting more and more pissed as his speech comes to its conclusion?
Why is my post awaiting moderation?
It is a legitimate observation.
Is O$A getting more and more inebriated as his speech comes to its conclusion?
Hey man I got a question for all of you, how come Dr. Tafari look white. I don’t know him, but he looks like a white man to me
Search past posts!
The man is an impostor with an agenda.
CaribDigita@Yahoo.com
Sorry to change the topic a tiny bit. But there was an article in the Nation saying that Barbados was going to celebrate the Trans-Atlantic slave trade in a big way including having some Barbadians participate in the National Geograpic a.k.a. “Genographic” study.
Found at: http://www.genographic.com/
I purchased a kit a few months back but I’ve just yet to sit down and pick a time when I’d take the test. I’m just curious has Anyone else planned/or have done one???
They say you have to pick mother or fathers side of your DNA. My only thought is if I pic fathers side what am I going to do if it turns up in Europe like many othat blacks have found?
I am very skeptical of Dr. Tafari’s credentials, motives, and mental health, but I support his right to call himself African if he wants. He should not be discriminated against just because he is white to look at. If he identifies with Africa in his heart and soul that should transcend colour. But he should try to get his facts straight – that would definitely improve his credibility.
Until Britain announced that its government held that slavery was illegal it was the first time in human history that slavery had ever been “abolished”. As contributors have pointed out, it existed all over the world throughout history until then, as an acceptable way of life. When a person is sold and bought forever, they are a slave, disposable by whoever and whenever. It’s not the same as indentured labour. Is that Ikael Tafari a real employee of the Barbados govt. or is he just in charge of some kind of NGO? Nobody with a brain can be that ignorant so if the taxpayers of Barbados are paying his salary something funny is going on. Bajans are great at complaining. Let’s complain this idiot into oblivion.
Picky Knickers- You miss the point. This is not about academically or grammatically correct. That would be tiresome, I agree.
A while back, before you joined this site apparently, George (of BFP) told a fellow blogger to “get his brain in gear” when he mistakenly thought a comment had been made by BFP, when in fact it was made by the commenter below a line of asterisks. That is why George should follow the proper procedure to avoid such mishaps.
Rumplestilskin
Jeez. Here we go agin. Insteada focusinga on tha futureah, we be entreenching our mindsah in slavery, by propagatingah useless arguments.
Let us focus on the future, ‘release our minds from mental slavery’, focus on poverty,. freedoms, true education and learning, including spiritual and scientific, not dig into negativity.
The past is just that, the past. Yes, it happened, but to move forward you have to look up the road, not back down.
Though it suits some to re-write the past for their own agendas.
Today a whole Nation, black and white, is being torn apart by one man’s hatred and bitterness.
Tearing down in his mind is more important than changing the status quo.
Yet, Tafari can find it more important to spend time on the century old past and not address the abberation that is Zimbabwe today.
Stay in the chains then, fight your own internal battles
Leave the reality to those who are free
To those who can see
To those who can cope and solve the indignity
Wow, reading these posts makes me realize how truly backward and colonial some people still are. The point the doctor was making was that so-called “African Slavery” was totally diferent in nature to chattel or European slavery. In Tribal conflicts prisoners of war were often taken, they were often forced to work and serve their captures, however after a certain time they were intergrated into their new society, often marrying into the family that had taken them, and on several rare ocassions actually moving up the social ladder to become cheif and leader of their new tribe. With the advent of European incursion in to the continent these prisoners of war were sold to the Europeans and began a form of slavery where they were not even considered full human beings and had no chance for social mobility, totally different.
The trans atlantic slave trade was a disaster 100 the size of the holocost, in terms of lives lost, cultures destroyed, The African continent ravaged, to suggest that we should errect statues to honour Whites who were against the system that gave them wealth and domination over the world is not only offensive it is also racist. NO ONE WOULD SUGGEST TO JEWS THAT THEY SHOULD BUILD STATUES TO HONOUR GERMANS AGAINST HITLER, AND THEY SHOULD STOP COMPLAING ABOUT THE HOLOCOST BECAUSR IT WAS A LONG TIME AGO.
And this coming from a WHITE MAN (Michael Hutchinson) whose ancestors were part of the slave trade.
What dope can to do you head !!! You ever see a BLUE EYED African.
J. Payne
Africa and South Asia still have lots of slavery. And if Barbados doesn’t want to be recolonised itself it should learn from this financial meltdown and start getting support within the group of 77 to disband the whole World Trade Organisation. It must goo too. It was the cause of all these problems. It seeks to give rich people access to everything and make the poor compete against the rich for the same resources. Who do you expect to win a battle like that between poor and rich?
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Bergen County Injury Lawyers
Bergen County Injury Lawyersbbr-law2019-02-25T18:19:40-08:00
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The individual or entity found legally responsible for the accident pays monetary damages to the victim. Damage awards may be agreed upon by both parties after a negotiated settlement or ordered by a judge or jury following a court trial.
Experience matters when proving negligence in an accident case in Bergen County NJ
Proving another’s negligence caused your injuries, and holding that party accountable can be difficult. Each personal injury case has its own set of unique circumstances and, in many cases, the party that you are trying to hold responsible will claim that you share some level of liability. The experienced Bergen County personal injury lawyers at Brady, Brady & Reilly LLC have successfully represented injured accident victims throughout New Jersey since 1965. Our lawyers are knowledgeable, compassionate, and personally dedicated to each case. Contact us today at (201) 997-0030 or online to schedule a confidential consultation. Daytime an evening appointments, as well as in-house appointments are available for your convenience. Se habla español · Falamos português
Since 1965, Brady, Brady & Reilly, LLC, has offered reliable, result-driven legal services to residents of Hudson County, Essex County and throughout North Jersey. Our attorneys employ experience, knowledge and dedication to achieve the best possible outcome for our clients. In our nearly 50 years of practice, our attorneys have established a reputation for excellence and a record of results.
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Ben Carson puppet
The Ben Carson Show (Phenomenon)
Tom McCarthy tries to explain the Ben Carson phenomenon for The Guardian:
He is more than an American success story, brilliant brain surgeon and bestselling author of 10 Christian-themed books. He has also coined some of the most outlandish statements ever uttered on the national stage, a purveyor of bizarre conspiracy theories and a provocateur who compares abortion to slavery and same-sex marriage to pedophilia.
This week, Carson restated his belief that the pyramids were built by the biblical Joseph to store grain, and not by Egyptians to entomb their kings. He believes that Vladimir Putin, Ali Khamenei and Mahmoud Abbas attended school together in Moscow in 1968. He believes that Jews with firearms might have been able to stop the Holocaust, that he personally could stop a mass shooting, that the Earth was created in six days and that Osama bin Laden enjoyed Saudi protection after 9/11.
The Carson conundrum is not fully captured by a list of his eccentric beliefs, however. He also confounds the traditional demographics of US politics, in which national African American political figures are meant to be Democrats. Not only is Carson a Republican – he is a strong conservative on both social and economic issues, opposing abortion including in cases of rape and incest, and framing welfare programs as a scheme to breed dependence and win votes.
He has visited the riot zones of Ferguson and Baltimore but offered little compassion for black urban poor populations who feel oppressed by mostly white police forces.
Even Carson’s core appeal as a Christian evangelical is complicated by the fact that he is a lifelong adherent to a relatively small sect, the Seventh-Day Adventist church, whose celebration of the sabbath on Saturday instead of Sunday and denial of the doctrine of hell have drawn accusations of heresy from other mainstream Christian groups.
That last probably plays more strongly with the British audience; in the United States, Christian is as Christian does; Dr. Carson’s penchant for false witness and exclusionary, judgmental scorn are his own ad hoc iteration of faith, shot through with neurotic self-contradiction as it struggles to justify his self-centered pretense of humility. If one seeks strangeness about the SDA experience in general, it is a different phenomenon.
Posted in Arts, Beltway, Bigotry, Christian supremacism, Christianity, Conservative, Conspiracy Theory, Crime, Culture, Death, Family, Feminism, Government, Gun/Firearm (culture), History, Human Rights, International, LGBTQ, Neoconservative, Painting, People, Photojournalism, Police/Law Enforcement (culture), Politics, Purity/Family Values (culture), Rape Culture, Religion, Republicans, Social Media, Strange, Tea Party, White House and tagged 'poverbs', 2016 GOP presidential nomination, 2016 Republican presidential nomination, 9/11 conspiracy theory, advisors, Ali Khamenei, Anne Helen Petersen, anti-abortion, Baltimore, Ben Carson, Ben Carson 2016, Ben Carson and Klingon Jesus, Ben Carson anti-gay, Ben Carson anti-woman, Ben Carson bigot, Ben Carson conspiracy theorist, Ben Carson hatemonger, Ben Carson homophobe, Ben Carson misogynist, Ben Carson neurosurgeon, Ben Carson puppet, Ben Carson Show, Ben Carson stooge, Ben Carson supremacist, Ben Carson tinfoil, Book of Proverbs, Buzzfeed, Candy Carson, Creationism, Curveball (informant), destroy the government, Donald Trump, Donald Trump 2016, Egypt, Egyptian pyramids, evangeliecal Christianity, Ferguson, fervor, firearms, gang shooting, George W. Bush, George W. Bush desperate, George W. Bush stupid, gold leaf, GOP 2016, government doesn't work, grain storage, gun control, head wound, Holocaust, intelligence agencies, Iran, Joseph (character), Klingon Jesus, Little Miracle Man, Mahmoud Abbas, Mark Makela/The Guardian, mass shooting, me room, me wall, misogyny, misspelled Bible verse, Moscow, neurotic self-contradiction, Osama bin Laden, painting, Palestine, police shootings, political assessment, potsherds (political), Poverbs 22.4, pretense of humility, Proverbs 22.4, Quantae Johnson, racism, right wing tinfoil, Ronald Reagan, Russia, Sabbatarian, sabbath, Saudi Arabia, self-centered, Seventh-Day Adventist (SDA), Sonya Carson, spelling, state-smashing, Team B, The Guardian, the right people, Tom McCarthy, tomb, Twitter, Vladimir Putin on 2015.11.07 by bd. Leave a comment
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Businesses > Poet
artist Author book Books composer fiction film Love Music mystic poem poems Poetry Publishing screenwriter singer Song Writer songwriter spoken word Writer
1 - 30 businesses Add Your Business and Get Found - Free!
Discopoetry A.E.C.
Discopoetry Arts & Edutainment Collective is a multidisciplinary arts collective founded by lead artist, Khari B. For 20 years Discopoetry has produced a plethora of live performances, art installations and digital media and film. So much more to come.
Jenny Bienemann
Jenny Bienemann is an award-winning singer/songwriter, poet, and photographer. Her music has underscored film, TV and theatre projects, her five albums receive international airplay, and her daily photo and haiku have earned her a devoted following.
Jeannine Hall Gailey is the author of four books of poetry.
Jonathan LaPoma
Jonathan LaPoma has written five award-winning feature-length screenplays, two novels, hundreds of poems, and about sixty songs.
Joss Sheldon
Author of 'Involution & Evolution', a rhyming anti-war novel.
ChasingABabyAndADream.com
Chasing a baby and a dream is hard but it's not possible. With long days of working full time & being a full time student & mother, it's hard to find the time needed to perform poetry, write novels,and keep up with all of the projects. Join the journey.
Archie J. Hoagland - 1 followers
Archie J. Hoagland is a novlist, author of The Mystery of Sorrows available at Amazon and online eBook retailers. He is also a poet; his book, The Collection, is over 500 pages, of rhymed and metered poetry, avalable online as an eBook.
Eva Fidjeland Glass
What makes Swedish artist Eva Fidjeland so unique is her ability to see the elements of the world as they are, and recreate them in the form of art that has cultural relevance to audiences across the world.
Suzannah Gilman, Poetry Chapbook Author
Author of chapbook of poetry published by Finishing Line Press.
Louise Mathewson
Minnesota author and award winning poet Louise Mathewson.
Christy Tillery French, Author and Poet
Internationally published, award-winning author and poet. Author of The Bodyguard series and standalone books. Reviewer for Midwest Book Review and Amazon Vine. Small business owner in Knoxville, TN. Serve on Board of Tennessee Mountain Writers.
Fly By Mic
Fly By Mic is what you make it! I, you, we are on a mission to create a smaller divide in humanity using the arts, and prescriptive actions needed to rescue at risk women and youth from unsavory fates.
ERASMILE LIMITED
Jamaican Born Artist, Latoya Smile: At a very early age I was recognized for my love of painting and poetry. I was particularly inspired by the concept of being able to capture a thought, then giving it life with words, or paints on canvas.
Authors and Writers Distribution Service
Providing representation and publicity for established and new authors, with an emphasis on internet exposure and ebooks.
Evangeline's Ink
A book, poem and film company. Liam McPhee and The Thief of Laughter: A classic faery tale for all ages. by Marlena Evangeline available on Kindle
Bonsai Prokashon, Sylhet, Bangladesh.
Poetry enthusiasts and Bangla book fanatics are in for a new poetic read as, "The Neel Dariar Prem". Released through Bonsai Prokashon, Sylhet District, Bangladesh, this book contains a number of Bangla poems that will amuse and entertain readers.
Biplab Chattopadhyay
Saswati Das is known as a people’s poetess. Her poems have been published in university magazines and regional newspapers. She has been won many poetry writing and recitation competitions and has recited her poetry in many cultural events in US & India.
Isabel Kestner
Isabel Kestner's first poetry collection, "Strange Things She Heard", was released in 2009. Her second collection, "Blackbird Sky", was released in March, 2011 along with her inspirational book, "Just Close Your Eyes and Write…100 Poems in 100 Hours".
Kameisha Jerae Hodge
Used to promote the book sales for Kameisha Jerae Hodge and affiliates.
The Examiner/Chicago
Kim Kay Day is the Author of 3 published books: 1) Michael In Foreverland (a book on Michael Jackson), 2) A Society Gone Forever (a book on the End of Mankind ), 3) The Cat Who Went Back In Time (children's book on the Cat's role in Egyptian History).
The Witching Pen
The Witching Pen is the official website for Dianna Hardy, an up and coming author of poetry and dark fiction
VenusHouse Publishers
VenusHouse Publishers is an independent publisher of anthologies written by Black urban female artists.
Advertising For All
Letting the world know LOOK NSIDE ME by: New Best Seller Author Ms. Monique "Mo Beta" Burston is a must read! LOOK NSIDE ME is timeless!
Author Erin L George
Erin L George is an author from Southern New Hampshire. She's published two poetry books, Dandelion Dance and Insideout. She is also featured as a poet in Savant Publication's 2010 Poetry Anthology, First Breath. Her books can be purchased at amazon.com.
Poetry Made Personal
I am in the business of writing. I will take any feelings you want to extend to someone else and put it in verse. I do wedding vows, dedications, personal, etc. I find you the words that say what you feel.
Junious Ward
Junious Ward is an author and poet. His debut book of poetry, Life Power Soul, is available at major online retailers. He is available for interviews and school appearances. Junious is currently working on two additional projects to be publication.
UnitedWorldPoets
UnitedWorldPoets is a social community website for poets worldwide. Members can enter free poetry contests, post poems, and everything that social network websites offer.
Columbian Review of American Poetry
Columbian Review of Amercian Poetry is a magazine operated and edited solely by Solomon Weiss.
Holy Poetry Publications
Holy Poetry Publications is your source for the best in Christian poetry. Our mission is to publish poetry that ministers to the depths of the man's soul.
Copus Music LLC
Copus Music LLC creates, produces, performs and distributes concious music and words.
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