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WNBA, Players Reach Tentative Deal on New Collective Bargaining Agreement
Mike Chiari@mikechiariTwitter LogoFeatured ColumnistJanuary 14, 2020
Chris Carlson/Associated Press
WNBA Commissioner Cathy Engelbert and Women's National Basketball Players Association President Nneka Ogwumike announced Tuesday on Good Morning America that the two sides have come to terms on an eight-year collective bargaining agreement:
Good Morning America @GMA
BREAKING: @CathyEngelbert from the @WNBA announces a new landmark deal for female athletes. “We’re hoping to lift, not just women in sports and women in basketball, but women in society.” @RobinRoberts @Nnemkadi30 https://t.co/n0zPNGp6Sz https://t.co/V6eBw2wH3S
As part of the announcement, Engelbert said top players will see their pay tripled once the new CBA is instituted.
The previous CBA had been set to run through 2021, but the WNBPA announced in November 2018 that it would opt out of the deal at the conclusion of the 2019 season.
Doug Feinberg of the Associated Press laid out a number of significant changes that will go into effect once the CBA is officially ratified.
Arguably, the biggest advancement for the players is a 50-50 split in revenue sharing beginning in 2021. Under the previous CBA, players received only about a 20 percent cut. At 50-50, the WNBA will mirror the split currently in place in the NBA.
The salary structure will also experience a shake-up. Top players can now make $500,000, the average salary will reach triple digits for the first time at around $130,000, and the maximum base salary will settle at $215,000.
Engelbert called the CBA "historic" and added: "You can pay your stars. That's how the league grows."
Of the agreement, Ogwumike said: "It was collaborative effort. I think that we really all had the same things in mind and had different way of getting there. We really put our heads together and came with some ideas."
Quality of life improvements include an enhancement of the mental health and wellness program, while all players will receive premium comfort tickets for flights and no longer have to share hotel rooms.
Mothers and expecting mothers will also benefit from the CBA. Players will have their salary paid in full on maternity leave, and players who already have children will be provided with a two-bedroom apartment during the season.
There is also a major on-court change forthcoming in the form of an in-season tournament called the Commissioner's Cup, which is similar to the cup tournaments held in soccer. The idea is something the NBA has also been discussing recently.
Feinberg noted WNBA players will have plenty of incentive to perform well in the tournament since there could be a minimum of $750,000 in prize money involved.
The exact nature of the tournament and when it will be held will become clearer when the 2020 WNBA schedule is released Thursday.
Sue Bird After CBA: 'We're Going to Be Looked at as Pioneers'
Percy Allen
via The Seattle Times
Is EDD’s Absence from Team USA’s Winter Games a Concern?
Bullets Forever
via Bullets Forever
Get Your Natasha Cloud 'Guaranteed' T-Shirt 🔥🛒
B/R SHOP
via B/R SHOP
Skylar Diggins-Smith Says She Played Entire 2018 WNBA Season While Pregnant
Adam Wells
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Game of Thrones quiz: How well do you remember ‘The Broken Man’?
Game of Thrones keeps upping its girl power.
During last week’s episode, we met Lyanna Mormont, a “ferocious” 10-year-old wise beyond her years who rules Bear Island. Given her renewed allegiance to House Stark (though she throws plenty of shade at Jon Snow and Sansa “is it Lannister or Bolton?”), it’s safe to assume this little lady will play a big role in the rest of season 6.
Before the next episode airs, test your knowledge of The Broken Man with LA Daily’s You Know Nothing Kyle Anderson quiz.
Hear Anderson, who doesn’t watch the show, give his best guesses to co-host Julia Cunningham below:
GoT airs Sunday at 9 pm ET on HBO.
Get the latest GoT news on SiriusXM’s Entertainment Weekly Radio (Ch. 105).
For a free 30-day trial, check out http://www.siriusxm.com/freeTrial.
WATCH: The Crown cast weighs in on Prince Harry’s engagement to Meghan Markle
Entertainment, movies, Pop Culture, TV
WATCH: How Kim Kardashian & Kanye West helped James Franco with his latest film
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To sculpt like the Egyptians
30 September 2018 on stonemason, stone, sculpture, carving, lettering, chisel, edinburgh, limestone, egyptian, hieroglyphics
Learning lettering
Apprenticeship in Scotland
I studied at the Edinburgh Sculpture Workshop in Scotland with Simon Burns-Cox. He took me on in an intensive individual training.
As a web developper, everything I create is obsolete after a few years. I wanted to learn how to do something that would last: bas-relief sculpture in limestone. I imagined this to be easier than full-fledged sculpting, and therefore a more realistic goal.
My hometown of Hays, Kansas has limestone sculptures by Pete Felten everywhere and I see him as a role model. I love his work, and he looks the part.
Pete Felten, the Kansas sculptor who inspired me.
I imagined learning incised-relief (like Egyptian hieroglyphics) but didn’t know the term at the time. I was taught bas-relief which is similar and possibly more difficult due to the removal of more stone.
Exercises on limestone. Learning to move the chisel as you make a curve, and how to make sharp joints without breaking off the thinner edges.
Letter carving
Simon Burns-Cox is a specialist of letter carving (imagine inscriptions on memorials), and he suggested I learn this too. It is similar to typography which I studied in university.
The origin of typset letters?
I had always assumed the serifs and joints of typeset letters were side-effects of calligraphy and pen or brush position, but now I think it must be inspired by the chisel marks of engraved letters. After all, which is more ancient, writing on parchment paper or carving in stone? In fact, the earliest “writing” was around 3100 B.C.E
Characters are formed from the wedge-shaped marks which a corner of the reed makes when pressed into the damp clay - a style of writing known as cuneiform.
Cuneiform example: Inscription of Xerxes, written in Old Persian, Babylonian and Elamite (from left to right)
Pressing a reed into clay is similar to carving, in that the tool leaves its mark. So it seems it was indeed the tool that initially determined the form of letters, not a designer who had legibility in mind — that would come later with calligraphy, movable type and ligatures, for example.
I purchased special tools from Rome and France and and have continued working on my own. Simon taught me not to get carried away with tools: you only need a few high-quality chisels and a few hammers.
Stand-up work
Carving stone is physical but relaxing. That’s great if you sit too much at a computer and work with language. Stone carving exercises a part of your brain that’s not occupied reading text, or writing computer code.
I didn’t want to limit my learning to abstract shapes so I came up with a design.
It was important to imagine where the relief would be (light) as opposed to the subtracted parts (darker) — except for the lettering which is all subtracted and just shows light and shadows.
Imagining how each letter might be. Manual letter carving is not exactly like a typeset font, where each letter is always the same, designed for a body of text. Carved words end up being treated more like a logo with special attention given to each shape. For example, we decided to make the O smaller, the C to have a sharp point and the B to be separated into two parts. The curvy K did not end up in the final design
Looking up the White Whale, especially because I couldn’t imagine how to draw the tail.
A day of heavy hitting to remove stone with a big chisel. Bas-relief requires everything from delicate tapping to entire days of fairly muscular effort to remove stone.
The first removal was not deep enough because I was afraid to crack the slab. Experience will reveal the limits of the stone
Rounded edges and some depressed areas on the tail
The low area smoothed with a grinder. This was the only time a power tool was used
Letters positioned, but with a few adjustments because the slab did not have the same exact dimensions as the drawing due to my faulty assumptions
The word “Moby” carved
Pencil marks from the instructor on the O and in the crevasse of the Y where material needs cleaned up
Pencil marks on weak areas: the thin I and not-quite-round-enough C
The near-complete project cleanup up and sanded
When you think you’ve got the hang of limestone, try carving on marble or granite. Marble feels to me like a very dense plastic. The sound is different.
A real house made miniature
Photos, memory and approximation Google Street View image 3 July 2017 — First exploratory 3D model using satellite images from…
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Globalization Blog
Category Archives: Technology
Global, Technology
Why making Apps in English is no longer enough
2019-04-09 sorastog Leave a comment
The app economy is growing at a tremendous speed. There’s been a 60% growth in the number of app downloads globally, consumer spending has more than doubled, and time spent in apps spiked by 30%; to the point where each user spends about 43 days per year using apps, reports App Annie.
While a large chunk of the mobile phone app builders and users belong to English speaking countries such as the United States, an ever-larger percentage comprises of various non-English speaking European countries, and south-east Asian countries. Users from countries like Brazil, China, and India download up to 11 – 12 apps at an average per day, as per TechCrunch reports. This is a huge rise in numbers from a few years back and thus this is a market that is ripe for the taking.
Apps that have a version available in multiple languages perform far better than apps that don’t. And this process is not simply restricted to the language within the app. According to AppAnnie, the top 60% of iPhone apps used in Korea are not only available in Korean, but also have Korean names. Almost 50% of the top apps used in China are apps based in native languages, states the same source. These numbers are reason enough to get yourself on board the localization train, whether you are a developer or service provider.
Below chart confirms benefits a business gets from app localization –
Benefits of app localization
Targeting local markets with personalized products have always been a great marketing strategy, and app localization is definitely a part of the same approach. Below are some of the benefits it can provide to a business, or rather to the mobile phone app.
Wider Reach – Globally, 72% of the people who use mobile phone apps are not English speakers.
Customer satisfaction – 56.2% of consumers feel that obtaining information in their own language is much more important than price.
Untapped market – While your business idea may not flourish since there is a high level of competition in your local market, you can always target your business efforts to another linguistic market with the help of localization.
Revenue margins – More than 50% of the countries who download the most mobile apps every year are non-English speaking countries and being able to sell to them will shoot up your revenue margins like no other.
Localization is currently the strongest force of marketing when it comes to mobile apps and if you are a developer or service provider, it is absolutely necessary for you to integrate these aspects in to your app.
So, are companies really making success using properly employed localization strategies? A recent study by Distomo revealed that it can result in 128% more downloads and 26% increase in revenue within a week!
Expect to see more data insights in the next blog…
appslocalizationmultilingual
Best Practices, Technology
Multilingual support for Adobe Experience Manager
2017-11-16 Harpreet Neelu Leave a comment
With increasing access to the web, online content has become the ‘first’ customer interaction point for most brands. As businesses go global, the end user expects the brands to host their content specific to their region/preferred language. To facilitate and support the requirement for global presence for businesses, Experience Manager has built tools for content translation. Using out-of-the-box multilingual features, customers can translate
to any locale.
In-built functionality for Multilingual support in Experience Manager includes:
To get started with translations, a Translation project should be set up. It requires specifying source and target language, translation method(machine/human translation), translation provider and the content to be translated. Any type on content – page, assets, tags, i18n dictionary etc can be added to a project
More information: https://helpx.adobe.com/experience-manager/6-3/sites/administering/using/tc-manage.html
Sites/ Assets UI support
A content author or review can remain in the Site/Assets UI in Experience Manager and set up their translation projects . This can be done by
Using Reference Panel to detect language copies, in which the content can be translated.
Language copy wizard takes care of creating the language copy as well the translation project. Multiple projects , have same source but different target languages, can be created at the same time.
Translation Integration Configuration
Translation Integration Configuration gives choice as to how to translate reference content inside a site page. If user wants to translate the site page but not the images inside it, it can be achieved using this configuration . More information : https://helpx.adobe.com/experience-manager/6-3/sites/administering/using/tc-tic.html
Content Update scenarios
The user would want to update the translated content if the source content has changed. Smart translation feature detects which source pages/assets have been updated, deleted or created. Only these pages/assets are send for translation, thereby reducing the cost of re-translating entire site.
Component property based translation
Using Translation Rules UI , component property/s to be translated can be selected. This ensures that non-relevant content is not translated. More information : https://helpx.adobe.com/experience-manager/kt/sites/using/translation-rules-editor-technical-video-setup.html
Content type supported
Multilingual workflows are supported for
I18n Dictionaries
These content types can be extracted from a page where they are referenced. Hence, user doesn’t need to know the location of the referenced content.
Beyond Experience Manager features, an ecosystem is built around multilingual support.
Translation Partner connectors
To support content translation there needs to be a translation connector. Adobe Exchange (https://experiencecloud.adobeexchange.com/ ) host 19 translation connectors to choose from, depending on partner vendors or translation method. By default, Experience Manager ships with Microsoft Connector which supported Machine Translation.
Sample translation connector
Sample connector, called Bootstrap connector, is provided for customers or service providers who want to create their own custom connector. The connector is build using the latest Translation APIs. GIT : https://github.com/Adobe-Marketing-Cloud/aem-translation-framework-bootstrap-connector
Best practices and documentation
For optimum utilization of out-of-the-box multilingual functionality, documentation around best practices is available.
Best practices for content structure creation : https://helpx.adobe.com/experience-manager/6-3/sites/administering/using/tc-bp.html
Translating content for multilingual sites : https://helpx.adobe.com/experience-manager/6-3/sites/administering/using/translation.html
Best practices for translating assets : https://helpx.adobe.com/experience-manager/6-3/assets/using/best-practices-for-translating-assets-efficiently.html
Translation rules UI : https://helpx.adobe.com/experience-manager/6-3/sites/administering/using/tc-rules.html
About the Author: Harpreet Neelu is an engineering program manager at Adobe based out of Noida, India.
Adobe Experience Managermultilingual support
Technology, Tutorials, ภาษาไทย
Create text layers in Indian languages | After Effects CC
2017-07-28 Pankaj Joshi 2 Comments
With Adobe After Effects CC you can now create text layers containing Indic languages and animate them with all its cool features. This capability is provisioned via the Adobe World Ready Composer, which also powers the likes of Premiere Pro, Photoshop and InDesign. The Indian languages supported are Hindi, Marathi, Gujarati, Tamil, Punjabi, Bengali, Telugu, Oriya, Malayalam, and Kannada. In addition to this, After Effects also supports Arabic and Hebrew in the RTL type setting.
This capability also enables cross product workflows between After Effects and Premiere Pro, both of which support these languages.
Setting Indic Preferences.
To use After Effects CC to create a text layer, all that you need to do is to enable the Adobe World Ready Composer. This text engine switch is a necessary step to make After Effects start handling complex Indic scripts.
1. Go to Preferences>Type
2. Select ‘South Asian and Middle Eastern’ in ‘Text Engine’
3. Select ‘Indic’ in ‘Languages Selection’
…and you are all set! Create a new text layer and start using your Indic fonts and keyboards to create text effects on your videos.
In addition to that, video animators will be able to do a lot more than before with After Effects including:
– Indic text will support all the styling capabilities from the character and paragraph panels.
– The 3D animation feature set, type features, and animation presets
– Track Indic texts to the motion of the video
– Export composition for Adobe premier Pro project
– Export as Motion Graphics Template
Indic fonts:
After Effects will now support all Indic Unicode fonts. In addition to that Adobe also offers beautiful looking fonts in most of these languages, and you can access these Adobe fonts from Typekit using the Creative Cloud Desktop app.
See what’s new in the latest release for Adobe Creative Cloud video and audio tools, including Premiere Pro, After Effects, Audition, Character Animator, and Adobe Stock here.
This article was originally published here.
indianindic scripttext layers
General announcements, Technology
Regional Innovation Drives Global Features in Adobe Products
2017-07-24 Akihisa Noguchi Leave a comment
Product development has evolved dramatically in the last couple of decades. Engineers these days are a lot more internationalization-savvy when it comes to developing and testing global products. The advancement in tools and technologies is also making the process of handling input methods, date/time formats, global characters, and other such aspects, integral to a world-ready product development process. Adobe too has a state-of-the art globalization framework and a dedicated globalization team to help product teams meet diverse regional and cultural needs with ease.
Recently, the Adobe Japan engineering team – in their quest to add more value to regional customers – proposed extending Adobe Stock’s capability into Microsoft® PowerPoint®. The idea was simple; integrate Adobe® Stock®, which offers millions of images, graphics, templates, and other assets, with MS PowerPoint, which is one of the most popular products used for creating great presentations. For the Japan market, this integration meant a perfect tool for increasing the visibility of Adobe Stock, a relatively new product in the Japan market. However, we realized that the idea was compelling, not just for the Japan market, but for markets across the globe.
The Adobe Japan team collaborated with cross-functional teams within the organization, including the Stock product team, to vet the idea. A proof-of-concept was built, as this capability was new for Stock too, and presented for validation to key stakeholders in engineering and other business functions.
After the go-ahead, a cross-campus team was set up to implement the idea. Along with the Stock team, the India-based Globalization Technologies team contributed to make the integration happen.
A key learning from this project was that features requested by the regional markets need not be region-specific. Conceptualizing a feature that is universally relevant has a greater chance of being prioritized in the product development process.
The Stock-PowerPoint integration is a true example of geo-driven global feature development. Although a feature conceptualized for the Japan market, it became relevant to users world-wide.
For more information about the plugin, please visit the Stock-Powerpoint HelpX site.
Adobe StockGlobal FeaturesglobalizationMicrosoft PowerPoint
Best Practices, Community, Events, Presentations, Technology
Event Recap: AEM Multilingual SIG | APAC Kick Off Event | Singapore | October 8
2015-10-29 Seungmin Lee 2 Comments
Together we’ve successfully created a support network where we can share best practices and challenges using AEM and push each other further in our practice. As a keeper of this space of AEM community, I was very impressed by the commitment and enthusiasm that all of you have shown at the event. There were 43 of us from Singapore, Hong Kong, Malaysia, Australia, India and the United States in the room and 5 members joined us on Adobe Connect from the US.
Annotate Consulting
CapitalLand
CIMB Group
DDB Tribal Worldwide Singapore
Infocomm Development Authority Singapore
Lionbridge
Mirum
Translations.com
Tribal Worldwide Singapore
Valtech Singapore
Altera Architectural Structure & Global Site Structure – Challenges and Successes, David Shao, Manager & Web Architect, Altera Corporation
Pan Pacific Hotels Group (PPHG) Digital Marketing Strategy for Globalization, Angie Ho, Vice President, Online Marketing, PPHG & Alan Lai, Web System Manager, PPHG
Globalization Best Practices using AEM, Jeff Rueppel, Consulting Engineer & Evangelist, Adobe
AEM 6.1 Multilingual Features, Mathias Siegel Mathias Siegel, Senior Product Manager for AEM, Adobe
Special Session on Global SEO, Eli Schwartz, Director of Marketing APAC, SurveyMonkey
Presentation Decks
Altera Architectural Structure & Global Site Structure
PPHG Digital Marketing Strategy for Globalization
Globalization Best Practices using AEM
6.1 Multilingual Features
On behalf of the group, I would like to thank you to all of our speakers, David, Angie, Alan and Eli for their leadership to be in service to the AEM community – so much thought, effort and time went in to the presentation that we have received and we are very grateful for that. Special thanks to David for flying in from California just to champion the first event in APAC, and Eli for generously putting together a special SEO session with such a short notice. Lastly many thanks to Therese Harris at Clay Tablet for funding some of the activities. All of you have embodied the true community spirit!
Until we see each other next time, let’s continue the conversations at our Linkedin group.
Seungmin Lee
Sr. Program Manager, Adobe
David Shao @ Altera (Photo by Jeff Rueppel)
Clarissa & Synmark behind the scene (Photo by Jeff Rueppel)
Seungmin Opening The Ceremony (Photo by Jeff Rueppel)
AEMMulti Site Managersite architectureweb globalization
Product announcements, Technology
Top 7 Globalization features in iOS9: iPhone 6S eyeing global markets
2015-10-07 Mohit Anand 11 Comments
With an aim of reaching out to every geography around the world, Apple tries every bit to make its mobile operating system ‘Internationalization (I18N)’ (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Internationalization_and_localization) savvy. This trend was followed again when the Cupertino tech giant announced its new mobile operating system iOS 9 at the Apple World Wide Developers Conference 2015 (https://developer.apple.com/wwdc/) in San Francisco.
It’s a known fact that Apple’s two-third of the business comes out of outside United States regions and no company would undermine the value of the business which it is getting from international markets. Keeping that in mind and addressing this aspect even further, Apple has made some latest advancements in the Internationalization support of its mobile operating system iOS 9.
Here are the top 7 features which made the cut to the latest iteration of the mobile operating system iOS9:
Support for RTL – Right to Left Languages
One of the most notable feature of iOS 9 in regard to internationalization was the addition of support for right to left (RTL) languages like Arabic & Hebrew. Using the UIKit framework provided by Apple in its Xcode IDE, you can mirror your icons, text, animations in a jiffy. Furthermore, all those native interactions related to Apple’s OS would also get mirrored like while operating your iPhones & iPads you will swipe the screen from right to left to unlock your screen, swiping of home screens from right to left, navigate back in safari from the right and forward from the left et al.
You can refer to https://developer.apple.com/library/prerelease/ios/documentation/MacOSX/Conceptual/BPInternational/SupportingRight-To-LeftLanguages/SupportingRight-To- LeftLanguages.html for more information about this feature.
Greater Indic Support
Apple has gauged the growing demand for its mobile & tablet devices in India and therefore, it extended its keyboard support for some more Indian languages like Punjabi, Gujarati and Telugu. Evidently, the intent here is to capitalize the Indian growing smartphone market by offering some user-friendly features.
Now, Autocorrect in ‘QuickType Keyboard’ (For Japanese and Chinese users)
Apple has made the life easy of all those folks whose native language is Japanese and Chinese by offering them AutoCorrect feature in the QuickType keyboard. They can now simply select the text using the multi-touch feature of the new redesigned keyboard and then can apply the Auto correct feature to straight things up.
This feature will ease up the task of the users who find it challenging to type commonly used sentences a number of times using iPhone keyboard.
Transliteration for Hindi Keyboard
And that’s not all, Apple has also given a treat to its Indian customers by adding transliteration support for Hindi keyboard in which all those users who was not comfortable enough to type in Hindi directly, can now type in English characters and the powerful transliteration system will offer you suggestions by converting them to Hindi. For more detailed information about the last two features, have a sneak peek at the ‘Quick Type’ section at http://www.apple.com/in/ios/whats-new/.
More Keyboards (for French, German, Spanish etc.)
Apart from the Indian languages, the tech giant has also added new keyboards for some other regions like French (Belgium), German (Austria) and Spanish (Mexico).
Switch between number systems for cosmopolitan Dubai
Another important update to users living in UAE is giving them the freedom to switch between number systems. They can choose which number system (Arabic, Hindi) they want to use – so you can use your device in the way that feels most natural to you.
Predictive Input for Fr, De and some more languages
One more addition to the plate is the addition of predictive input for French (Belgium), German (Austria), Korean, Russian, Spanish (Mexico), and Turkish.
After all these updates to the keyboard, dictation and predictive typing system of the iOS, the current support provided by Apple for the world of languages in its mobile devices is demonstrated in the below snippets:
Language support:
English (Australia, Canada, UK, U.S.), Chinese (Simplified, Traditional, Traditional Hong Kong), French (Canada, France), German, Italian, Japanese, Korean, Spanish (Mexico, Spain), Arabic, Catalan, Croatian, Cz_ech, Danish, Dutch, Finnish, Greek, Hebrew, Hindi, Hungarian, Indonesian, Malay, Norwegian, Polish, Portuguese (Brazil, Portugal), Romanian, Russian, Slovak, Swedish, Thai, Turkish, Ukrainian, Vietnamese
Quick Type keyboard support:
English (Australia, Canada, India, Singapore, UK, U.S.), Chinese -Simplified (Handwriting, Pinyin, Stroke), Chinese – Traditional (Cangjie, Handwriting, Pinyin, Stroke, Sucheng, Zhuyin), French (Belgium, Canada, France, Switzerland), German (Austria, Germany, Switzerland), Italian, Japanese (Kana, Romaji), Korean, Spanish (Mexico, Spain), Arabic, Bengali, Bulgarian, Catalan, Cherokee, Croatian, Czech, Danish, Dutch, Emoji, Estonian, Filipino, Finnish, Flemish, Greek, Gujarati, Hawaiian, Hebrew, Hindi (Devanagari, Transliteration), Hinglish, Hungarian, Icelandic, Indonesian, Latvian, Lithuanian, Macedonian, Malay, Marathi, Norwegian, Polish, Portuguese (Brazil, Portugal), Punjabi, Romanian, Russian, Serbian (Cyrillic, Latin), Slovak, Slovenian, Swedish, Tamil, Telugu, Thai, Turkish, Ukrainian, Urdu, Vietnamese
Dictation languages:
English (Australia, Canada, India, Ireland, New Zealand, Philippines, Singapore, South Africa, UK, U.S.), Spanish (Chile, Colombia, Mexico, Spain, U.S.), French (Belgium, Canada, France, Switzerland), German (Austria, Germany, Switzerland), Italian (Italy, Switzerland), Japanese, Korean, Mandarin (Mainland China, Taiwan), Cantonese (Hong Kong), Arabic, Catalan, Croatian, Czech, Danish, Dutch (Belgium, Netherlands), Finnish, Greek, Hebrew, Hungarian, Indonesian, Malaysian, Norwegian, Polish, Portuguese (Brazil, Portugal), Romanian, Russian, Slovakian, Swedish, Turkish, Thai, Ukrainian, Vietnamese
Siri languages:
English (Australia, Canada, Denmark, India, New Zealand, Singapore, UK, U.S.), Spanish (Mexico, Spain, U.S.), French (Belgium, Canada, France, Switzerland), German (Austria, Germany, Switzerland), Italian (Italy, Switzerland), Japanese, Korean, Mandarin (Mainland China, Taiwan), Cantonese (Hong Kong), Swedish (Sweden), Dutch (Belgium, Netherlands), Norwegian (Norway), Russian (Russia), Turkish (Turkey), Thai (Thailand), Portuguese (Brazil)
Definition dictionary support:
English, Chinese (Simplified), French, German, Hindi, Italian, Japanese, Korean, Spanish, Dutch, Norwegian, Portuguese
(Brazil), Russian, Swedish, Thai, Turkish
Bilingual dictionary support:
Chinese (Simplified), French, German, Japanese, Korean, Spanish
Spell check:
English (Australia, Canada, UK, U.S.), French, German, Italian, Spanish, Danish, Dutch, Finnish, Korean, Norwegian, Polish, Portuguese (Brazil, Portugal), Russian, Swedish, Turkish
Now with the news coming in that Siri would be localized into many more languages and would operate without an Internet connection when iPad Air 3 comes to the market, it certainly acknowledges the fact that Apple has a vision for its virtual assistant to break down all the language barriers. Hoping that Siri would be available in Hindi too, it would be a remarkable experience to hear some Santa Banta jokes from the smart voice-powered Apple’s assistant.
To conclude I would say, Apple has gone to the right way to push out features which may not be so relevant to announce during the unveiling of the OS at WWDC but are undoubtedly needed to support the international markets.
If you made this far, thanks for reading. Please let us know your feedback, comments about this article and if you know something which I have missed here, kindly drop in your comments and I will try my best to respond and take this conversation forward.
If you want me to write on a particular topic then do let me know.
HindiInternationalizationmobiletransliteration
Best Practices, Community, Events, Technology
Join Us: 3rd Adobe Experience Manager Multilingual Content Special Interest Group Meeting
The Multilingual Content Intelligence team at Adobe is excited to host our third Adobe Experience Manager Multilingual Content Special Interest Group (SIG) meeting on Thursday, Nov. 7, at our headquarters in San Jose. Our program this time is on Digital Asset Management (DAM), and we plan to focus on how DAM can be used for multilingual purposes. During the meeting, we’ll also have a Multi Site Manager (MSM) review session to share feature enhancement plans for future releases.
This is a great opportunity to understand basic concepts of DAM and related best practices in a multilingual context. Attendees will also rub elbows with our Adobe experts, share their experiences and challenges, and network with peers from various industry leading companies that are putting Adobe Experience Manager to use.
Date: Thursday, Nov. 7, 2013
Time: 8:30 AM – 4:30 PM PST
Address: Adobe San Jose headquarters
San Jose, CA, 95110
The event is free, but you must register in advance to attend. For registration, please visit: https://adobesig.eventbrite.com
For more information or any questions, you’re welcome to ping me at: seunlee at adobe.com
We hope to see you next week!
Seungmin Lee
Sr. Program Manager
Adobe Digital MarketingAdobe Experience ManagerAEMDAMDigital Asset ManagementMSMMulti Site ManagermultilingualSIG
Community, Product announcements, Technology
Embracing Indian creative workflow
2013-07-22 Pankaj Joshi Leave a comment
Any kind of digital creative content – whether it is a simple newspaper advert, or a large hoarding, or laying out a complicated magazine or a newspaper – comprises of handling text. Creating such a content for regional audience with software not supporting Indian scripts is like driving a left-hand-drive car in India – not comfortable at all.
How does a customer-oriented company like Adobe approach these users in the Indian subcontinent? Internal research shows that users in India are comfortable using English interface for software – what’s really needed is the ability to compose and handle text in Indic scripts, more so in text publication workflows.
While the publishing workflow is largely based on Adobe InDesign and we started supporting 10 of the most popular languages in Adobe InDesign CS6, there was a need to bridge the gap with other publication workflows utilizing Adobe Illustrator and Adobe Photoshop. Adobe did so with the latest release of Creative Cloud products by introducing Indic script support in Photoshop CC and Illustrator CC. Users can now compose their text in 10 regional languages, generate world class print output, and still be within their beloved Adobe environment.
The Creative Workflow
Common workflows in creation of digital content involve extensive flow of content cross InDesign, Photoshop, and Illustrator. Photographs are clicked with the digital cameras and are beautified in Photoshop. These are brought into Illustrator and converted to vector images and are further used as a part of an art work. Small sections of these images (even raster forms) could as well be converted to form a brush stroke in Illustrator CC. A complex artwork including raster images and vector art is finally rendered to print through an InDesign document, which blends this graphic with text stories to give a phenomenal impact to readers.
Such meshed workflows often use text at various places, and the users ought to be able to work with that text whenever needed in the workflow. They don’t want to wait until the artwork is placed into InDesign for them to be able to insert text in regional languages.
Covering the entire flow
As a creative professional, one always wonders if they could do some raster handling in Illustrator, or some type handling in Photoshop, or some vector handling in InDesign. All of these are possible with Adobe software today, and that makes using these three in our publication workflows so very seamless. Not only that, we also want to create that beautiful type effect in Illustrator using Indic characters in our regional language. We want to give titles to our Photoshop banners in our own language. And much more…
With the latest CC release, joining the excitement of the amazing features, Photoshop and Illustrator also provide support for Indic scripts as in InDesign.
What’s more? The overall experience with Indic scripts has been made far richer with a number of bug fixes.
Adobe Fonts:
In addition to extending Indic script support to Photoshop and Illustrator, we appreciate the need for Adobe fonts in languages other than Hindi. Well-designed Unicode fonts that support Indian scripts can enhance productivity and cross-compatibility of content created by creative users, including the content creators, the designers, and the editors. We thus took this initiative of providing this beautiful set of fonts, starting with Adobe Devanagri.
Adobe Devanagri was introduced in CS6 timeframe, and has now been extended to include the Marathi script as well.
A completely new font, Adobe Gurmukhi has also been introduced. This will come pre-installed for users to start creating content in Punjabi. Also, fonts for more Indian languages are on their way!
To read about the Indic support in InDesign CS6, please read this article.
creativefontHindiIllustratorInDesignindicmediaPhotoshopworkflow
Libraries, Technology
The Problem with Localizing Software for Multiple Platforms
2013-06-10 Anuj Bhatia Leave a comment
Adobe has a long history of developing products for multiple platforms, be it desktop applications like our flagship Creative Suite applications or newer touch applications like Photoshop Touch. Most of our desktop apps have been built for both Windows and Mac and newer applications continue on this trend with support for iOS and Android including Tablet and Phone form factors for both.
Of course this would not have been possible without the careful efforts of the engineering team to largely maintain a single code base for all platforms.
While having a single code base has obvious benefits, in the UI layer it is often important to have platform specific variations for better usability. Each platform usually has a specific convention for referring to system menus, short cut keys and UI elements. For example on a windows platform a UI String could be – “Select a media file via the Browse button or enter a valid pathname.” and the same string for the Mac Platform could be – “Select a media file via the Choose button or enter a valid pathname.”
This means that translatable UI strings may have many variations in the source language depending upon which platform they are intended for. This is what our globalization group usually refers to as ‘Platform Variance’. Localizable strings are essentially multivalued entities. Each localizable string has an identifier and multiple associated values each of which can be selected based on certain criteria. The most obvious and commonly used criteria is the UI locale of the application but it need not be the only one. Platform too can decide the value of a string.
Platform variance support is not just useful for handling terminology differences for referring to system UI elements, it also helps adapt strings for different screen sizes. Modern application are designed for supporting multiple device form factors like tablet and phone with the UI being tweaked for each platform for best user experience. Platform variance in this case can be used to support longer strings for the Tablet view and shorter strings for the Phone view.
Yet another area where platform variance support could potentially be useful is in having different localizable values for a Pro version versus a Consumer version of the application.
However, localizing strings with platform variant data is a problem. The problem is two fold, one is in managing the processes and project schedule to allow for agile localization and simultaneous release for all target platforms. The second aspect is technically supporting the platform variance in both programming libraries and translation tools. Many tools and libraries assume a single value for a source and a target string, but in case of platform variance not only can there be multiple source and target values for a string there need not be a one-to-one correspondence between source and target values. There may be multiple platform variants for a source string that map to the same translated/target value or a single source string may need to be translated differently based on platform for the target locale. For example:
en_US: “Please close the dialog and start over.”
default fr_FR: “Fermez la zone de dialogue et recommencez.”
Windows fr_FR: “Fermez la boîte de dialogue et recommencez.”
Since I am part of the globalization tools team here at Adobe, the remainder of this post I describe the problem more from a technical tools and libraries perspective, drawing from my experience. The process problem is also pretty complex and would probably take a much longer blog post to discuss. In fact there’s a related one already on this blog, see – link.
Platform Variance Support in Libraries
Ideally the globalization libraries/APIs used in the code to manage externalized strings and the corresponding storage formats for the externalized data should have a notion of a platform variant value for each string. There should be a way to request a string value for a specific locale and platform along with a provision to fall back to a default value in case a platform specific value is not specified.
As an example, the Java ResourceBundle API supports selecting a bundle by ‘Locale’, there is no explicit mention of a ‘Platform’, but the ‘Locale’ itself is extensible to support variants. The variant mechanism in the ‘Locale’ can be used for supporting different platforms and there is also a fall back mechanism. At Adobe we have a custom developed cross platform library called ZString for managing externalized strings with explicit support for platform variance.
Platform Variance Support in Translation Tools
Most translation management systems (TMSs) have a one-to-one model of source strings with matching translated strings for each locale. This assumption is behind the architecture of the TM matching algorithms as well as the design of the translation workbench. A typical translation workbench usually offers a side by side view of source and target strings, but only supporting a single source string corresponding to a single translated value.
A typical side by side view of Source and Target content in a translation tool
We are still searching for the ideal solution to this problem. For managing the TMs a possible workaround using existing systems is to have duplicate entries in the Translation Memory (TM) or a separate TM for each platform.
However, translators are still constrained by the view presented by their translation workbench. A possible solution to allow translation vendors to provide platform specific translations is to duplicate all the source strings for each possible target platform. The source value for the default platform can be used as the source value for all other platform unless the application UI already specifies a value for a specific platform in which case that is used. Now the translator can provide different translations for each platform if required. This workaround however seems to be a significant amount of additional work for the translators. Some optimization is possible by translating a single platform first and leveraging translations for all the other platforms.
In an ideal scenario the translation workbench would provide a side by side view of all platform variants for the source string and the target strings. With the ability for the translator to remove variants from the translated string where they are not required and propose variants for the translated string even if the source string does not have any. This would allow translators to work through the source content in a single pass, editing leveraged translations, providing new translations where required and proposing platform specific translated values as appropriate.
An approximation to this ideal view is an Excel sheet with each source string being represented in a row and having a separate column for each platform for both source and target strings. With blank values in a platform column signifying that the default translation is to be used for that platform and non-blank platform entries being used for the platform specific translations.
A proposed translation workbench view allowing simultaneous translations for multiple platforms
We are still experimenting to find the optimal solution for our needs, that offers flexibility to translators and yet leverages our investment in existing translation tools and processes. The goal is to be able to support faster agile release cycles with all platform releases happening simultaneously.
I think this is a good forum to ask our blog readers if they have faced similar problems and the solutions they have developed to deal with it.
GMSlocalizationTMtranslation
Community, Português, Technology
Brackets: From Design Comp to Code
2013-06-06 Guta Ribeiro Leave a comment
This posting on Facebook about the video “Brackets: From Design Comp to Code” has generated hundreds of comments by Brazilian developers.
See original video here.
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Review search
Another Code Review - Nintendo DS
Mat Allen
Point and click adventures, such as "Day of the Tentacle" and "Sam and Max", have become one of those genres left by the wayside in recent years. Which is a pity, as anyone who has played a Lucasarts adventure will testify, there's a lot of enjoyment to gain when done right.
Another Code is a tantalising glimpse of a game harking back to such wistful days that could have been great but doesn't quite reach the level set before. The plot focuses around Ashley Robins, a girl who has been living with her Aunt for the past eleven years under the presumption that both her parents were dead. On the day before her fourteenth birthday, she receives a package from her father telling her to come see him on Edward Island.
Cue start of the story and investigation into why he's been in hiding for so long. The game, to its immense credit, is actually quite serious in tone and not all laughter and fun in the twisting tale about to be unwoven; there's deceit, murder, kidnapping, and suicide all thrown into the mix. Not that there isn't any humour either to lighten the mood. The plot is engaging and gets built up along the way as Ashley attempts to discover what is going on, and what happened to the Edward family who used to live there.
The game, for the most part, is presented in top-down fashion within the lower screen. Here Ashley is guided about each location whilst a pictorial view of it is displayed in the upper screen. Several areas in each location have relevance to the plot; in these cases a new view is displayed on the top screen instead of the default picture. Hitting the search button transfers the picture to the bottom screen, where a pointer appears and can be directed over any object to examine it and search for clues, hints and solve puzzles.
The other major part of the game is conversation; the person in question is displayed on the upper screen whilst the topics to ask about appear on the lower. Everything is laid out plainly and clearly, and there are no problems navigating or using the interface to do everything required. This is partly down to the detail in the graphics; the still pictures have an almost Resident Evil like quality about them, and the polygon models used whilst walking around are colourful, concise and do their job.
The puzzles are a mixed bag of obvious, cunning and downright inventive. Some of them are straight out of the Resident Evil school of item placement. The cunning ones will perhaps have you scratching the head trying to figure them out, and a couple of them are just mind-bogglingly amazing. It is a shame there aren't more of that sort present. Without giving anything away, no other system could do it, and that is a testament to the people who have come up with them.
Where Another Code does stumble is on actual length. It also has a touch of the Metal Gear Solid about it; you will find yourself reading the story and plot-line developments almost as much as playing. Fortunately, said plot makes more sense and is founded in real life when compared to MGS (making it a lot more personal in the process), but it will not be surprising to start seeing the credits after as little as, say, six hours play. It really depends on how good you are at solving the problems posed.
This is a pity, because with more work, the game could have easily been extended another few hours to provide a longer lasting experience. What is present will engage the player, drawing them in, wanting to find out what is going on. Many of the puzzles, when finally solved, will either produce a very large grin in appreciation of their cleverness, or have the player slapping their forehead in abject oversightedness.
Another Code is not a classic game by any means, but it is yet another step in the right direction by Nintendo to give us something new and different. This, if you think about it, is probably what some of the intention of releasing the DS was all about. As with other games in the same bracket, Another Code is entertaining, fun and well worth playing, but is over far too quickly to consider a definite purchase.
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Playlist - the games you are playing
[PS4] Project Sakura Wars/Shin Sakura Wars
Thread Starter: briareos_kerensky
Impressions based on the Japanese version; western versions (EU and US) slated for March 2020.
I should have started this thread long ago, but
Last Post By: briareos_kerensky Today, 08:48 AM
Monster Boy and the Cursed Kingdom (NSW, PS4, XBone, Win)
Thread Starter: Sketcz
Really, has no one played this to start a first play thread?
The spiritual successor to the Wonder Boy franchise?
Last Post By: doodledude Today, 12:54 PM
Thread Starter: Paulos G
Do you like CARNAGE in your racing games? In addition to driving cars in races and demolition derbys do you also want to drive motorhomes, buses, sit
Last Post By: Paulos G 06-01-2020, 06:23 PM
-- Bordersdown V3 -- At work style -- Mobile Style
Online Running Courses
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- Structure
Department and laboratories
FAMOUS BOTANISTS
LABOUR UNION
HERBARIUM FOUNDATION
Database of Herbarium Collection
Photo of Herbarium Collection
SCIENTISTS AND SPECIALISTS
Correspondent members
Doctors of science
Council of Young Scientists and Specialists
Materials of conference
SOCIETY OF
AZERBAIJAN BOTANISTS
Conferences, assembliesImportant eventsMeetingsNew publicationsTechnological innovationsJubileesInterviews, speechesProfessional tripsSeminarsAnnounceOfficial Documents Arxiv
Presidium holds next meetin
On May 31, the next meeting of Presidium of ANAS was held at the "Azerbaijan National Encyclopedia"Scientific Center. Opening the meeting, academician Akif Alizadeh familiarized the event participants with the issues of the agenda.
The first issue raised was the creation of scientific councils on scientific directions. According to the joint decision of the ANAS and the Republic Scientific Research Council, new scientific councils on scientific directions were established and the chairmen were approved.
Taking into account the election of new members to the Presidium of ANAS, the distribution of new duties among members of the Presidium was approved at the last General Meeting of the Academy.
Later, discussions were held on holding the elections of ANAS professors. It was noted that by the decision of the Presidium the next competition was announced for the title of "Professor of ANAS". 24 candidates of science have been nominated from the scientific and higher educational institutions of the republic to participate in the competition. It was decided to hold the elections by secret ballot and to present the results to the Presidium of ANAS for determination of candidates for ANAS professors.
The statutes about memorable sign of ANAS, as well as the award named after Academician Ashraf Huseynov, Academician Ali Guliyev Award, Academician Vahab Aliyev Award, Academician Mirali Gashgay Prize, Academician Sharif Alizadeh Award, Academician Jalal Aliyev Award, Academician Mamed Jafar Jafarov Prize, Academician Mammadaga Shiraliyev Award and Abbasqulu Aga Bakikhanov Prize Award were approved.
The next decision was made about new statutes of the Board of Directors and divisions of the Presidium.
The Presidium decided to establish the Paleozoology Laboratory at the Institute of Zoology of ANAS, make partial changes in the structure of the National Museum of History of Azerbaijan, to send the senior researcher of the Institute of Genetic Resources, PhD in Biology Sabina Mehdiyeva and the junior researcher of the Institute, Ulker Ahmedli to Germany.
The following issues were holding events, according to the decree of the President of the Republic of Azerbaijan "On celebrating the 110th anniversary of academician Mammad Jafar Jafarov" and "On the celebration of the 150th anniversary of Ahmed bey Agaoglu". Following the discussions, action plans have been approved.
PUBLİCATİONS
Conferences, assemblies
Copyright © Institute of Information Technology of ANAS, 2020
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Thermal Equilibrium
Thermal equilibrium in thermodynamics is used in two cases. The first is that of thermal equilibrium within a system for itself. The other case is that of a relation between the respective physical states of two bodies. Thermal equilibrium in a system for itself means that the temperature within the system is spatially and temporally uniform. Thermal equilibrium as a relation between the physical states of two bodies means that there is actual or implied thermal connection between them. Thermal equilibrium is concerned with the theory of temperature.
Heat can flow into or out of a closed system by way of thermal conduction or of thermal radiation to or from a thermal reservoir; when this process effects net transfer of heat, the system’s temperature can be changing. As the transfer of energy as heat continues, the system is not in thermal equilibrium.
When an isolated system is left long enough it will reach a state of thermal equilibrium in itself. The temperature will be uniform throughout but not necessarily a state of thermodynamic equilibrium if there is some structural barrier that can prevent some possible processes in the system from reaching equilibrium.
© BrainMass Inc. brainmass.com January 20, 2020, 6:35 am ad1c9bdddf
Kyoto Box Optimization with the Sun at the Zenith
Please see attachment. I am having difficulty understanding what the optimal angle (theta) is. Kyoto box is a simple solar oven used extensively in Africa. Assuming a square box with four reflectors of L = 75 cm, on a sunny day with direct sunlight from the zenith, what is the optimum angle ϴ? What is the total solar power r
Physics: Fahrenheit, Celsius & Kelvin conversions; force to pump up a bicycle tire
Three thermometers are placed in a closet, insulated box and are allowed to reach thermal equilibrium. One is calibrated in Fahrenheit degrees, one in Celsius degrees, and one in Kelvins. The Celsius thermometer reads -40 degrees; Celsius and the Kelvin thermometer read 233K. Which of the following statements is necessarily tru
11 MCQ: Thermal effects, fluid flow, buoyant force, etc
A tanker ship is filled with 2.25 x 105 m3 of gasoline at a refinery in southern Texas when the temperature is 17.2° C. When the ship arrives in New York City, the temperature is 1.3° C. If the coefficient of volumetric expansion for gasoline is 9.50 x 10-4/C°, how much has the volume of the gasoline decreased when it is unlo
Problems involving the Maxwell velocity distribution.
See attached file.
Consider two spin systems A and A' placed in an external field H.
I need to know how to start the problem, just how to do part a), and then I'll probably be able to do the rest on my own. Problem : Consider two spin systems A and A' placed in an external field H. System A consist of N weakly interacting localized particles of spin 1/2 and magntic moment u. Similarly, system A' consis
Einstein solids: macrostates and microstates
Consider a system of two Einstein solids, A and B, each containing 10 oscillators, sharing a total of 20 units of energy. Assume that the solids are weakly coupled, and that the total energy is fixed. (a) How many different macrostates are available to this system? (b) How many different microstates are available to th
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Kingdom Hearts II – Battle of 1000 Heartless| Level Select
April 24, 2015 September 29, 2018 Posted in Gaming, PlaystationTagged Final Fantasy, Kingdom Hearts, Kingdom Hearts 3, Sora, Square Enix
Kingdom Hearts 2 is considered by many to the best entry in the Disney-cross-Final Fantasy game series. There are plenty of reasons why, not the least of which is the game’s memorable midway sequence, the Battle of 1000 Heartless. This ambitious level pushed not only Kingdom Hearts to new heights in terms of action and dramatic set pieces, but also the ability of the PlayStation 2 and its developers’ to to new limits.
For the uninitiated, The Battle of the 1000 Heartless is a level that serves as the direct mid-point in the story of Kingdom Hearts 2. Without getting too deep into the story (because lord knows Kingdom Hearts lore goes deep), it’s here that the true villains of the game, Organization XIII, reveal their intentions of destroying The Heartless in order to harvest their energy for their own ends. Protagonist Sora has no intention of helping them reach their goal, but is hard pressed to do anything but assist them in destroying Heartless when the Organization releases an army worth of Heartless onto the unsuspecting citizens of Hollow Bastion.
This invasion of Heartless into the world of Hollow Bastion leads to a gameplay sequence that sees Sora and co. team up with a cavalcade of Final Fantasy characters who inhabit Hollow Bastion to take down the threat. The level wraps with a final sequence where after being separated from his team, Sora single-handedly takes down 1000 Heartless.
This battle, while unforgettable for gamers, proved to be such a difficult challenge for creator Tetsuya Nomura and his team that it was considered being dropped entirely. Rendering the intense amount of enemies on screen was of great difficulty given the limited power the PlayStation 2 compared to hardware of today. When asked about the 1000 Heartless sequence in an interview conducted soon after the game’s initial release, Nomura confessed, “I always estimated that ‘if we have to drop something, it’ll have to be this part.'”
Nomura was caught off guard by his staff’s dedication to making the battle work, stating, “I didn’t think that huge battle would actually materialize to that point in the end,” adding, “I’d been nervous all the time but in the end they accomplished it and I was moved. ‘Wow, you all really did it.'”
Though the team succeeded in keeping the battle in the game, some sacrifices had to be made. A screenshot that surfaced before the game’s release and also appeared in the opening recap cinematic to Kingdom Hearts Re: Coded adds two pieces of insight into how the original battle was supposed to play out.
First, two enemy types not present in the released version of Kingdom Hearts 2 can be spotted. It’s thought that the Behemoth and Wyvern breeds of Heartless had to be removed from the fight to cut back the number enemy types needed to be programmed into one battle. The screenshot also differs from the final product in that Goofy and Donald stand behind Sora in the battle’s introductory cutscene. This suggest it was initially planned for the player to have party members in the level, but this too was likely cut to stabilize development. This cut may have been for the best, however, since having Sora wage war as a one man army is largely what made this scene so dramatic and memorable to players.
While the Kingdom Hearts games serve as a crossover of sorts between Disney and Final Fantasy, no worlds or areas from the Final Fantasy series are ever visited in the same way Disney levels are explored. The Battle of the 1000 Heartless serves as the closest players get to a full blown Final Fantasy level, thanks to the inclusion of nearly ten iconic Final Fantasy characters that aid Sora throughout the battle. Nomura gifted players with a few ‘fan service’ scenes, such as Squall “Leon” Leonhart and Cloud – two protagonists who have never interacted with one another in the FF series – fighting a wave of enemies back to back.
The level also gave Rikku, Yuna, and Paine from Final Fantasy X and Final Fantasy X-2 their overdue entry to the Kingdom Hearts series. But unlike the other crossover characters who remain faithful to their original designs, the Gullwings take on different forms than those from their original games, appearing in Kingdom Hearts 2 as small fairies or pixies. This was a decision made by game director Tetsuya Nomura, who wanted to see his Final Fantasy characters take on more cartoonish styles, and figured Kingdom Hearts was the best setting for this to happen. Interestingly, Rikku was actually set to appear in Kingdom Hearts I with Leon’s gang in Traverse Town, but was instead swapped out with Yuffie, as the developers worried players would be confused by the similarity of her name with another main character’s, Riku.
The soundtrack present throughout the battle is also worth noting. “Showdown at Hollow Bastion” provides an epic buildup during the cutscene in which Sora runs towards the army of Heartless, and “Sinister Shadows” accompanies players through the battle sequence itself. Composed by Yoko Shimomura, the Kingdom Hearts 2 soundtrack was the first score she composed as a freelancer after leaving a formal position at Square for maternity leave. Along with KH1, KH2, and a handful of other games in the series, Shimomura is responsible for other iconic soundtracks such as Street Fighter II and Super Mario RPG, and is currently working on both Kingdom Hearts 3 and Final Fantasy XV. Despite her extensive resume, Shimomura has cited Kingdom Hearts as “the most special” soundtrack she’s ever worked on.
With Kingdom Hearts 3 slowly on its way and fans counting the days in anticipation, it’s important to look back and remember why the series is so special to many in the first place. Placing such a monumental scene in the mid-section of Kingdom Hearts 2 told gamers playing for the first time that there was so much more in store for them. The dedication that Nomura and his team possessed in making sure that The Battle of the 1000 Heartless made it into the game reveals how passionate Square was about making the best game they possibly could. One can only hope that the same dedication Nomura’s development team had when working on this game holds true during their time crafting Kingdom Hearts 3.
Now let’s just get a release date on KH3!
By: Corey van den Hoogenband
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Jason Loo Talks The Pitiful Human Lizard, Self-Publishing, and the City of Toronto
Guillermo del Toro Says Silent Hills is Cancelled
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Mapeamento das capacitações e seu papel no processo evolucionário dos clusters: um...
Alfabetização e seus sentidos: o que sabemos, fazemos e queremos?
Resposta da Espanha a Hepatite C: acesso a medicamentos, regionalismo e patentes
Faça o que eu digo, mas não faça o que eu faço: o uso por crianças do comportament...
Evolução recente de profissão acadêmica no Brasil: uma análise comparada
Condicionantes do desempenho de projetos de inovação sustentável e o papel das pol...
Brazilian Social Funds: The lessons learned from the Norway fund experience
Silva, Isabela Morbach Machado E. [1] ; de Medeiros Costa, Hirdan Katarina [1]
[1] Campus Butanta, Rua Luciano Gualberto 1289, Sao Paulo, SP - Brazil
Fonte: ENERGY POLICY; v. 129, p. 161-167, JUN 2019.
Citações Web of Science: 0
Since the middle of the last century, the world has seen the emergence of Sovereign Wealth Funds (SWF). According to the Sovereign Wealth Funds Institute (2012), these legal entities can be defined as ``a state-owned investment fund or entity that is commonly established from balance of payments surpluses, official foreign currency operations, the proceeds of privatizations, governmental transfer payments, fiscal surpluses, and/or receipts resulting from resource exports.{''} The SWFs are governed by the Santiago Principles, a document constructed by the IMF's International Working Group of Sovereign Wealth Funds (IWG) to recommend and to standardize the applications and investments of this kind of fund. SWFs are created in order to meet macroeconomic demands, using a series of investments strategies, which including foreign assets acquisitions. For instance, the Norwegian Government Pension Fund is one of the world's model SWFs. Its revenue is obtained from petroleum exploitation and is considered a savings fund, although part of the financial return can be applied in budget deficit. Following this example, Brazil created the Pre-Salt Social Fund to invest pre-salt petroleum revenues, and consists of a savings fund, according to the IMF classification. The present article focuses on the analysis and comparison of the legal structures of the Norwegian Government Pension Fund (GPF) and the Brazilian Pre-Salt Social Fund (SF), aiming to understand if the Brazilian fund applies the Norwegian standards. (AU)
Processo FAPESP: 14/50279-4 - Brasil Research Centre for Gas Innovation
Beneficiário: Julio Romano Meneghini
Linha de fomento: Auxílio à Pesquisa - Programa Centros de Pesquisa em Engenharia
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NCERT 11 Chemistry
Chapter 10: S Block Elements
NCERT Solutions for Class 11 Chemistry Chapter 10 The S Block Elements
NCERT Solutions For Class 11 Chemistry Chapter 10 PDF Free Download
NCERT Solutions for Class 11 Chemistry Chapter 10 The s-Block Elements are provided here in pdf format thereby giving better accessibility for all the students. The chapter 10 pdf solutions for class 11 chemistry contains answers to the questions provided in the textbook along with exemplary problems, MCQ’S questions from previous year question papers and CBSE sample papers. By referring to these solutions, students can have a quick revision of the entire topic in a very short interval of time. NCERT solutions for class 11 chemistry chapter 10 serves as important study material for students preparing for examinations and other assignments.
NCERT Solutions for Chemistry – Class 11, Chapter 10: The s-Block Elements
Chemistry for class 11 s-Block Elements is one of the important subjects for class 11, this chapter deals with the group 1- Alkali Metals and Group 2 – Alkaline Earth Metals, Elements of s- block their physical property and chemical properties, General Characteristics of Compounds of the Alkaline Earth Metals, Some Important Compounds of Calcium, Anomalous properties of Lithium and Behaviour of Beryllium Students studying in class 11 should try to solve the NCERT questions as solving those questions will help them to evaluate themselves.
Students studying in class 11 are advised to study the chapters of class 11 properly because the chapters which are taught in class 11 are the basics of the chapters which will be taught in class 12. The topics of class 11 are also important for examinations like NEET and JEE Mains.
Subtopics of Class 11 Chemistry Chapter 10 – The s-Block Elements
Group 1 Elements: Alkali Metals
General Characteristics Of The Compounds Of The Alkali Metals
Halides
Salts Of Oxo-acids
Anomalous Properties Of Lithium
Some Important Compounds Of Sodium
Biological Importance Of Sodium And Potassium
Group 2 Elements: Alkaline Earth Metals
General Characteristics Of Compounds Of The Alkaline Earth Metals
Anomalous Behaviour Of Beryllium
Some Important Compounds Of Calcium
Biological Importance Of Magnesium And Calcium.
Class 11 Chemistry NCERT Solutions (The s-Block Elements) – Important Questions
Q 10.1
Mention the general chemical and physical features of the alkali metals?
Ans 10.1
Physical properties:
(1) The alkali metal is soft and so we can cut them easily. We can able to cut the sodium metal even by using the knife.
(2) Generally, the alkali metal is lightly coloured and mostly they appear as silvery white.
(3) Its atomic size is larger and so their density is low. The density of the alkali metal increases down in the group from Li to Cs except for K which has low density than sodium.
(4) Alkali metal is weak in its metallic bonding and so they are having low boiling and melting points.
(5) The salts present in alkali metals exposes colour to flames because, heat of the flame excites electron which is located on the outer orbital to higher energy level. In this excited state of electron getting reversed back to the ground level, the emission of excess energy in the form of radiation falls in visible region.
(6) Metals like K and Cs loses electrons when they get irradiated with light and also displays photoelectric effect.
Chemical properties:
(1) Alkali metal reacts with water and forms oxides and hydroxides. So, the reaction will be more spontaneous while moving down the group.
(2) Alkali metal reacts with water and forms dihydrogens and hydroxides.
General reaction : 2M + 2H20 →\rightarrow→ 2M+ + 2OH– + H2
(3) Dihydrogen reacts with alkali metals and forms metal hydrides. The hydrides from this have higher melting points and they are solids which are ionic.
2M + H2 →\rightarrow→ 2M+ H–
(4) Alkali metals directly reacts with halogens and forms ionic halides except Li.
2M + CL2 →\rightarrow→ 2MCI (M = Li ,K, Rb, Cs)
It has the ability to easily distort the cloud of the electron which is around the –ve halide ion because, lithium ion is smaller in size . Hence, Lithium halide is naturally covalent.
(5) Alkali metals are very stronger reducing agents. This increases as we move down the group except lithium. Due to its high hydration energy it results in strong reducing agent among all alkali metals.
(6) To result in blue coloured solution(deep blue) which are naturally conducting, they get dissolved in liquid ammonia.
M +(x + y) NH3 →\rightarrow→ [ M ( NH3 )x ]+ + [ M ( NH3)y ]–
Classify the gradation properties and the general characteristics of the alkaline earth metals.
General characteristics:
(i) (Noble gas) ns2 is the electronic configuration of alkaline earth metal.
(ii) To occupy the nearest inert gas configuration, these metals lose two of their electrons; and so its oxidation state is +2.
(iii) The ionic radii and atomic radii is smaller than alkali metals. When they moved down towards the group, there is an increase in ionic radii and atomic radii due to decrease in effective nuclear charge.
(iv) The ionization enthalpy is low because the alkaline earth metals are larger in size. The first ionization enthalpy is higher than metals of group 1.
(v) They appear in lustrous and silvery white. They are soft as alkali metals.
(vi) Factors that cause alkaline earth metals to contain high boiling point and melting point :
(*) Atoms of alkali metals are larger than that of alkaline earth metals.
(*) The strong metallic bonds are formed by two valence electrons.
(vii) Ca- brick red, Sr- crimson red, Ba-apple green results in colours to flames.
Electrons are bounded strongly to get excited in Be and Mg. Therefore, they do not expose any colours to the flame.
The alkali metals are more reactive than alkaline earth metals.
(i) Reaction with water air and: Due to the formation of oxide layer on their surface, beryllium and Mg are most inert to water and air.
(a) Beo and Be3 N2 is formed when powdered Be is burnt in air.
(b) For the formation of MgO and Mg3 N2, Mg is burnt in air with dazzling sparkle. since, Mg is more electropositive.
(c) The formation of respective nitrides and oxides is by instant reaction of Sr,Ca, and Ba with air.
(d) Ca,Sr, and Ba can able to react vigorously even with water which is cold.
(ii) when they react with halogens, halides is formed at high temperature.
M +X2 →\rightarrow→ MX2 (X = F,CL,Br,I)
(iii) Except Be, all the alkaline earth metals react with hydrogen to form hydrides.
(iv) alkaline earth metals instantly react with acids to form salts with the liberation of hydrogen gas.
M +2HCL→\rightarrow→ MCL2 + H2(X)
Alkali metals are not found naturally. Why ?
Sodium, cesium, lithium, francium, potassium, rubidium all together comprises of alkali metals. they consist of only one electron on its valence shell, which gets loosed easily due to their low ionizing energies. Alkali metals are not found naturally in their elemental state and also they are highly reactive.
Mention the oxidation state of Na in Na2O2.
Let the oxidation state of Na be y.
In case of peroxides, the oxidation state of oxygen is -1.
2(y) + 2(-1) = 0
2y – 2 = 0
2y = 2
Y = +1
Therefore, the oxidation state of Na is +1.
Why Na reacts lesser than potassium?
on moving down the group in the alkali metals, the size of the atom increases and the effect of the nuclear charge gets decreased. Due to this factors, the electron of potassium which is located outer gets lost easily as compared to Na. therefore, potassium reacts higher than Na.
State comparison between alkaline earth metals and alkali metals w.r.t.
Solubility of hydroxide
Ionization enthalpy and
Basicity of oxides
Sr. No Alkaline earth metals Alkali Metals
a) Solubility of hydroxide:
They are less soluble compared to alkali metals as it has high lattice energy and is having higher charge densities account for higher lattice.
Solubility of hydroxide:
They are more soluble compared to alkaline earth metals.
b) Ionization Enthalpy:
They have smaller atomic size and higher effective nuclear charge compared to alkali metals, which causes their 1st ionization enthalpy higher than that in alkali metals, but the 2nd ionization enthalpy is less than that of alkali metals
Ionization Enthalpy:
They have large atomic size compared to alkaline earth metals, so they are having less 1st ionization enthalpy, so they lose valance electrons very easily.
c) Basicity of oxides:
Their oxides are quite basic but less as compared to those of alkali metals as they are less electro positive than alkali metals.
Basicity of oxides:
Their oxides are basic in nature as they are highly electropositive, which makes their oxides highly ionic.
Mention the similarities of lithium and magnesium irrespective of its chemical behaviour.
Similarities between lithium and magnesium:
(i) lithium and magnesium reacts slow with cold water.
(ii) oxides of lithium and magnesium are less soluble in H2O. also the hydroxides of both decompose at high temperature.
2LiOH→Li2O+H2O2LiOH \rightarrow Li_{2}O+H_{2}O2LiOH→Li2O+H2O Mg(OH)2→MgO+H2OMg(OH)_{2}\rightarrow MgO+H_{2}OMg(OH)2→MgO+H2O
(iii) Nitrides is formed from both the lithium and magnesium when they react with N2.
6Li+N2→2Li3N6Li+N_{2}\rightarrow 2Li_{3}N6Li+N2→2Li3N 3Mg+N2→Mg3N23Mg+N_{2}\rightarrow Mg_{3}N_{2}3Mg+N2→Mg3N2
(iv) Neither Li nor Mg form superoxides or peroxides.
(v) Both the carbonates of lithium and magnesium are naturally covalent. They decomposes on heating.
Li2CO3→Li2O+CO2Li_{2}CO_{3}\rightarrow Li_{2}O+CO_{2}Li2CO3→Li2O+CO2 MgCO3→MgO+CO2MgCO_{3}\rightarrow MgO+CO_{2}MgCO3→MgO+CO2
(vi) They do not form bicarbonates which are solid.
(vii) Both MgCl2 and LiCl are soluble in ethanol because they are naturally covalent.
(viii) Both MgCl2 and LiCl are naturally deliquescent . They crystallize as hydrates from aqueous solutions.
Eg.,
LiCL.2H2OandMgCL2.8H2OLiCL.2H_{2}O and MgCL_{2}.8H_{2}OLiCL.2H2OandMgCL2.8H2O
Alkaline earth metals and alkali cannot be obtained by chemical reduction methods. Explain why?
By using a stronger reducing agent, the oxides of metals gets reduced by the process called chemical reduction. Alkaline earth metals and alkali metals are strong among the reducing agents. No stronger reducing agent is available than them. Therefore alkaline earth metals and alkali cannot be obtained by chemical reduction of their oxides.
Potassium and Cesium is used in photoelectric cells than lithium. Explain why?
Lithium, potassium, and cesium, are all alkali metals. But still, potassium and cesium are used in photoelectric cell and not Lithium because Li is smaller in size when compared to the other two.
On the other hand, cesium and potassium have low ionization energy. Therefore, they lose electrons easily. This property is utilized in photoelectric cells.
Q 10.10
The solution of dissolved alkali metal in liquid ammonia acquire different colours. Explain the reason for change of colour.
Ans 10.10
When the alkali metal is dissolved in liquid ammonia, a deep blue coloured solution is formed.
M+(x+y)NH3→M+(NH3)x+e−3(NH3)yM+(x+y)NH_{3}\rightarrow M^{+}(NH_{3})_{x}+e^{-3}(NH_{3})_{y}M+(x+y)NH3→M+(NH3)x+e−3(NH3)y
The ammoniated electrons absorb energy corresponding to red region of visible light. Therefore, the transmitted light is deep blue in colour.
Clusters of metal ions are formed at higher concentration (3M) which causes the solution to attain a copper-bronze colour and a metallic lustre.
Other alkaline earth metals give colour to flame whereas beryllium and magnesium won’t. Explain why?
The valence electrons get excited to a higher energy level when an alkaline earth metal is heated.
It radiates energy which belongs to the visible region when this excited electron comes back to its energy level which is low. The colour is observed here. The electrons are strongly bound in the beryllium and magnesium. The energy required to excite these electrons is very high. When the electron reverts back to its original position, the energy released does not fall in the visible region. Hence, no colour is seen in the flame.
Explain the different reactions that occur in the solvay process.
The process of preparing sodium carbonate is called solvay process. Sodium hydrogen carbonate is formed when carbon dioxide gas is bubbled through a brine solution saturated with ammonia. The obtained sodium hydrogen carbonate is then converted into sodium carbonate.
(i) Brine solution is saturated with ammonia.
2NH3+H2O+CO2→(NH4)2CO32NH_{3}+H_{2}O+CO_{2}\rightarrow (NH_{4})_{2}CO_{3}2NH3+H2O+CO2→(NH4)2CO3
This ammoniated brine is filtered for purity removal.
(ii) When carbondioixide reacts with ammoniated brine, it results in the formation of insoluble sodium hydrogen carbonate.
NH3+H2O+CO2→NH4HCO3NH_{3}+H_{2}O+CO_{2}\rightarrow NH_{4}HCO_{3}NH3+H2O+CO2→NH4HCO3 NACL+NH4HCO3→NH4HCO3+NH4CLNACL+NH_{4}HCO_{3}\rightarrow NH_{4}HCO_{3}+NH_{4}CLNACL+NH4HCO3→NH4HCO3+NH4CL
(iii) NaHCO3 is obtained by the solution which contains crystals of NaHCO3 is filtered.
(iv) NaHCO3 is heated strongly to convert it into NaHCO3.
2NaHCO3→Na2CO3+CO2+H2O2NaHCO_{3}\rightarrow Na_{2}CO_{3}+CO_{2}+H_{2}O2NaHCO3→Na2CO3+CO2+H2O
(v) Ammonia is recovered when the filterate which is removed after NaHCO3 is mixed with Ca(OH)2 and heated.
Ca(OH)2+2NH4CL→LNH3+2H2O+CaCL2Ca(OH)_{2}+2NH_{4}CL\rightarrow LNH_{3}+2H_{2}O+CaCL_{2}Ca(OH)2+2NH4CL→LNH3+2H2O+CaCL2
The overall reaction taking place in Solvay process is
2NaCL+CaCO3→Na2CO3+CaCL22NaCL+CaCO_{3}\rightarrow Na_{2}CO_{3}+CaCL_{2}2NaCL+CaCO3→Na2CO3+CaCL2
Potassium carbonate cannot be prepared by Solvay process. Explain why?
Solvay process is not applicable for the preparation of potassium carbonate because potassium carbonate is soluable in water and it doesn’t precipitates out like sodium bicarbonate.
Li2 CO3 gets decomposed at lower temperature but Na2CO3 decomposes at high temperature. Explain why?
The electropositive character increases while moving down in the group of alkali metal which results in an increase in stability of alkali carbonates. Generally, lithium carbonate is not stable when it reacts to heat because lithium carbonate is covalent. Due to the smaller size of lithium ion it polarizes large carbonate ion which results in the formation of stable lithium oxide.
Li2Co3→Li2O+CO2Li_{2}Co_{3}\rightarrow Li_{2}O+CO_{2}Li2Co3→Li2O+CO2
This is why sodium carbonate decomposes at high temperature and lithium carbonate decomposes at low temperature.
Compare thermal stability vs solubility of compounds of alkaline earth metals with alkali metals.
(i) Carbonates
(ii) Nitrates
(iii) Sulphates.
The alkali metals carbonates are very stable to heat. But carbonates of lithium decomposes and results in the formation of lithium oxide while heating. The carbonates of alkaline earth metals also decompose which results in the formation of carbon dioxide and oxide while heating.
Na2CO3→NoEffectNa_{2}CO_{3}\rightarrow No EffectNa2CO3→NoEffect Li2Co3→Li2O+Co2Li_{2}Co_{3}\rightarrow Li_{2}O+Co_{2}Li2Co3→Li2O+Co2 MgCo3→MgO+Co2MgCo_{3}\rightarrow MgO+Co_{2}MgCo3→MgO+Co2
Exception of Li2 CO3, the carbonates of alkali metals are soluble in water and also while we move down the group, the solubility increases. Carbonates of alkaline earth metals are insoluble in water.
Except LiNO3, the nitrates of alkali metals gets decomposed while heating strong which results in the formation of nitrites.
2KNO3→2KNO2+O2(g)2KNO_{3}\rightarrow 2KNO_{2}+O_{2(g)}2KNO3→2KNO2+O2(g)
LiNO3, on decomposition, gives oxide.
2LiNO3→Li2O+2NO2(g)+O2(g)2LiNO_{3}\rightarrow Li_{2}O+2NO_{2(g)}+O_{2(g)}2LiNO3→Li2O+2NO2(g)+O2(g)
Like lithium nitrate, alkaline earth metal nitrates also decomposes to give oxides.
2Ca(NO3)→2CaO+4NO2(g)+O2(g)2Ca(NO_{3})\rightarrow 2CaO+4NO_{2(g)}+O_{2(g)}2Ca(NO3)→2CaO+4NO2(g)+O2(g)
Nitrates of both group 1 and group 2 metals are soluble in water.
(iii) Sulphates
Sulphates of both group 1 and group 2 metals are stable towards heat.
Sulphates of alkali metals are soluble in water. But the sulphates of alkaline earth metals shows various activities,
CaSO4 Sparingly soluble
BaSO4 Insoluble
BeSO4 Fairly soluble
SrSO4 Insoluble
MgSO4 Soluble
How would you convert Sodium metal into
(i) sodium carbonate? (ii) sodium peroxide (iii) sodium hydroxide (iv) sodium metal
(i) Sodium carbonate
Sodium hydrogen carbonate is obtained as a precipitate by reacting sodium chloride with ammonium hydrogen carbonate. The resultant crystals can be heated to obtain Sodium Carbonate.
2NH2 + H2O →\rightarrow→ (NH4)2CO3
(NH4)2CO3 + H2O + CO2 →\rightarrow→ 2NH4HCO3
2NH4HCO3 + NaCl →\rightarrow→ NH4Cl + NaHCO3
The resultant crystals can be heated to obtain Sodium Carbonate.
2NaHCO3 →\rightarrow→ Na2CO3+ CO2 + H2O
(ii) Sodium peroxide
After Na metal is gotten from Downs process, it is heated on Aluminium trays in presence of air(without CO2) to form Sodium peroxide.
2Na + O2(air) →\rightarrow→ Na2O2
(iii) By electrolyzing a solution of sodium chloride, we can get Sodium hydroxide. This process is commonly known as Castner- Kellner process.
The process is carried out using a mercury cathode and a carbon anode.
Sodium metal, deposited at cathode forms an Amalgam by combining with Mercury.
Cathode: Na+ +e– →Hg\overset{Hg}{\rightarrow}→Hg Na-Amalgam
Anode; Cl– →\rightarrow→ 12\frac{1}{2}21Cl2 + e–
(iv) Sodium chloride can be converted into sodium by Downs process.
It can be achieved by electrolysis of fused CaCl2 (60 %) and NaCl (40%) at
1123 K in a special apparatus (Downs cell).
A graphite block is the anode while steel is made the cathode. Metallic Ca and Na are formed at the cathode. Molten Na is supported by dipping in kerosene.
Nacl →Electrolysis\overset{Electrolysis}{\rightarrow}→Electrolysis Na+ + Cl–
(Molten)
At Cathode: Na+ +e– →\rightarrow→ Na
At Anode: Cl– + e– →\rightarrow→ Cl
Cl + Cl →\rightarrow→ Cl2
Explain the reaction that occurs when
(i) quick lime is heated in the presence of silica
(ii) magnesium is burnt in presence of air
(iii) calcium nitrate is heated
(iv) slaked lime reacts with chlorine?
(i) Silica (SiO2) combines with Quick lime (CaO) resulting in formation of Slag.
CaO + SiO2 →Heat\overset{Heat}{\rightarrow}→Heat CaSiO3
(ii) When Magnesium is burnt in air, it does so with a dazzling bright light resulting in the formation of Mg3N2 and MgO.
2Mg + O2 →Burning\overset{Burning}{\rightarrow}→Burning 2MgO
3Mg + N2 →Burning\overset{Burning}{\rightarrow}→Burning Mg3N2
(iii) Calcium nitrate, when heated, undergoes decomposition to form calcium oxide.
2Ca(NO3)2(s) →Heat\overset{Heat}{\rightarrow}→Heat 2CaO(s) + 4NO2(g) + O2(g)
(iv) Bleaching powder is formed when chlorine is made to react with slaked lime.
Ca(OH)2 + Cl2 →Heat\overset{Heat}{\rightarrow}→Heat CaOCl2 + H2O
Mention any two important uses of the below given compounds:
(i) quicklime.
(ii) caustic soda
(iii) sodium carbonate
(i) Caustic soda
(a) Heavily used in soap industries.
(b) Common reagent in laboratories.
(ii) Sodium carbonate
(a) Finds uses in both soap and glass industries.
(b) Also finds use as a water softener.
(iii) Quick lime
(a)Finds use as a primary material for manufacturing slaked lime.
(b) It helps in the manufacture of cement and glass.
Sketch the following structures:
i) BeCl2 (Solid)
ii) BeCl2 (Vapour)
In solid phase, BeCl2 is a polymer.
BeCl2 has a linear structure and exists as a monomer in vapour state.
How do you explain the fact that the carbonates and hydroxides of potassium and sodium get easily dissolved in water while those of calcium and magnesium are only slightly soluble in water?
Since the atomic sizes of magnesium and calcium are smaller than that of sodium and potassium, calcium and magnesium form carbonates and hydroxides with higher lattice energies. Thus, they are only sparingly soluble whereas those of potassium and sodium are readily soluble due to low lattice energies.
Mention the uses of the following substances:
(i) cement
(ii) plaster of paris.
(iii) limestone
Uses of cement:
Most important ingredient in concrete
Uses of Plaster of Paris:
Used to make casts and moulds
Used to make surgical bandages
Uses of limestone:
Preparation of cement and lime
As a flux in iron ore smelting
Why do you think only lithium salts are commonly hydrated while salts of other alkali metals are anhydrous in nature?
Since Lithium has the smallest size among all the alkali metals, it can easily polarized water molecules. Thus, smaller the size of the ion, greater is its ability to polarize water molecules.
Hence, trihydrated Lithium Chloride and other Lithium salts can be easily polarized. Due to this reason, other alkali metal ions can only form anhydrous salts.
Why do you think is LiCl soluble in not only water, but also acetone, whereas LiF is barely soluble in water?
LiF has a greater ionic character than LiCl which disturbs the balance between hydration energy and lattice energy. This balance is crucial for the solvability of ions in solution. Due to greater covalent character and lower lattice energy, dissolution of LiCl is more exothermic in nature than that of LiF.
Mention the importance of potassium, Magnesium, sodium and calcium in biological fluids.
(i) Sodium (Na):
They are found in our blood plasma and the interstitial fluids around the cells. They help in
(a) Transmission of nerve signals.
(b) They regulate the flow of water across the membranes of the neighboring cells.
(c) Transport sugars and amino acids from and to cells.
(ii) Potassium (K):
They are found mostly in the cell fluids in greater quantities.
They help in
(a) Activating enzymes.
(b) Oxidising glucose to form ATP.
(c) Transmitting nerve signals.
(iii) Magnesium (Mg) and calcium (Ca):
They are also called as macro-minerals named so because of their abundance in our body. Mg helps in
(a) Relaxing nerves and muscles.
(b) Building and strengthening bones.
(c) Maintaining blood circulation in our body.
Ca helps in
(a) coagulation of blood
(b) Maintaining homeostasis.
What do you think will happen when
(i) Sodium metal is immersed in water?
(ii) Sodium metal is heated in abundance of air?
(iii) Sodium peroxide gets dissolved in water?
(i) Sodium reacts to form NaOH and H2 gas when it is dropped in water. The reaction occurs as shown below:
2Na(s) + 2H2O(l) →\rightarrow→ 2NaOH(aq) + H2(g)
(ii) Sodium peroxide is formed when sodium reacts with oxygen while heating it in presence of air. The reaction proceeds as shown below:
2Na(s) + O 2(s) →\rightarrow→ Na2O 2(s)
(iii) NaOH and water are formed as a result of hydrolysis of Sodium peroxide when it is dissolved in water.
Na2O 2(s) + 2H2O(l) →\rightarrow→ 2NaOH(aq) + H2O2(aq)
Explain the following observations:
(a) The ionic mobility of the alkali metal ions are in the following order:
Li+ < Na+ < K+ < Rb+ < Cs+
(b) The only metal that can form a nitride directly is Lithium.
(c) E0 for M2+(aq) + 2e– →\rightarrow→ M(s) (where M = Ca, Sr or Ba) is nearly constant.
(a) The ionic and atomic sizes of the metals tend to increase while going down the alkali group.
The increasing order of the ionic sizes of the alkali metal ions is as shown below:
Smaller the size of an ion, greater is its ability to get hydrated. Li+ ion gets heavily hydrated since it is the smallest in size whereas Cs+ has the largest size and is the least hydrated ion. The alkali metal ions when arranged in the decreasing order of their hydrations is as shown below:
Li+ > Na+ > K+ > Rb+ > Cs+
Higher the mass of a hydrated ion, the lesser is its ionic mobility. Thus, hydrated Li+ is the least mobile ion whereas hydrated Cs+ is the most mobile ion.
The ionic mobility of the alkali metal ions are in the following order:
(b) The only metal that can form a nitride directly is Lithium because Li+ has a smaller size and is easily compatible with the N3– ion. Thus, the lattice energy released is very high which is enough to overcome the amount of energy needed to form N3- ion.
(c) Electrode potential (E°) of any M2+/M electrode is decided by three factors:
(i) Enthalpy of hydration
(ii) Enthalpy of vaporisation
(iii) Ionisation enthalpy
The cumulative effect of these factors on Ba, Sr, and Ca is almost the same.
As a result, their electrode potentials are also same.
Why do you think
(a) is a solution of Na2CO3 alkaline in nature?
(b) are alkali metals mostly prepared by electrolysis of their fused chlorides?
(c) is Sodium more important for our survival than potassium?
(a) Sodium bicarbonate and sodium hydroxide are the end products when Na2CO3 is hydrolyzed. Since, the product are alkaline in nature, a solution of Na2CO3 is considered to be alkaline in nature.
(b) Chemical reduction cannot be used to prepare alkali metals since they themselves are reducing in nature. Alkali metals are highly electropositive and thus cannot be prepared by displacement reactions. Since they also react with water, these alkali metals cannot be prepared by electrolysis of their aqueous solutions. Thus, alkali metals are mostly prepared by electrolysis of their fused chlorides.
(c) Sodium ions are primarily found in the Blood plasma and the interstitial fluids around the cells whereas Potassium ions are found within the cell fluids. Sodium
ions help in the transmission of nerve signals and also regulate the flow of water and transport sugars and amino acids into the cells.
Thus, Sodium is more important for our survival than potassium.
Write down the balanced equations for the following reactions?
(a) Water and Na2O2
(b) KO2 and Water
(c) Na2O and CO2
(a) 2Na2O2(s) + 2H2O(l) →\rightarrow→ 4NaOH(aq) + O2(aq)
(b) 2KO2(s) + 2H2O(l) →\rightarrow→ 2KOH(aq) + H2O2(aq) + O2(aq)
(c) Na2O(s) + CO2(g) →\rightarrow→ Na2CO3
Why do you think the following phenomena occur?
(i) BeSO4 in soluble in water while BeO is barely soluble in water.
(ii) BaO in soluble in water while BaSO4 is barely soluble in water.
(iii) Solubility of LiI is more than that of KI in ethanol.
(i) The sizes of Be2+ and O2- are small and are highly compatible with each other. Due to this, a high amount of lattice energy is released during its formation. The hydration energy, when it is made to dissolve in water, is not enough to overcome the lattice energy. Thus, BeO is barely soluble in water.
Whereas the size of an SO42- is large compared to Be2+ and there is lesser compatibility and lattice energy which can be easily overcome by the hydration energy. Thus, BeSO4 is easily soluble in water.
(ii) The sizes of Ba2+ and SO42- are large and are highly compatible with each other. Due to this, a high amount of lattice energy is released during its formation. The hydration energy, when it is made to dissolve in water, is not enough to overcome the lattice energy. Thus, BaSO4 is barely soluble in water.
Whereas the size of an O2- is small compared to Be2+ and there is lesser compatibility and lattice energy which can be easily overcome by the hydration energy. Thus, BaO is easily soluble in water.
(iii) The lithium-ion has a smaller size and as a result of that, it has a higher polarizing capability. This enables it to polarize the electron cloud around an iodide ion thus resulting in a greater covalent character in LiI than KI. Thus, LiI is easily soluble in ethanol.
Which of the following alkali metals has the least melting point?
(a) Rb
(b) Cs
(c) Na
(d) K
Cs has the least melting point of the given alkali metals since it has the largest size. Due to a larger size, the binding capability of Cs is limited and the lattice energy released during the formation of its compounds is less and can be easily broken.
Which of the given below alkali metal is capable of forming hydrated salt?
(a) Na
(b) Li
(c) Cs
Li is capable of forming hydrated salts because of its size. Since it is smaller in size, it has a higher charge density and can easily attract water molecules around it and for hydrated salts like LiCl.2H2O. The other alkali metals have a bigger size and lesser charge density and thus aren’t capable of forming hydrated salts.
Which of the following carbonates of alkali earth metals has the most stable state thermally?
(a) BaCO3
(b) SrCO3
(c) CaCO3
(d) MgCO3
Thermal stability is directly proportional to the size of the cation i.e., larger the size of the atom, greater is its thermal stability. The biggest cation among the given compounds is Ba.
Thus, BaCO3 will be the most thermal carbonate among the given compounds followed by SrCO3, CaCO3 and MgCO3.
NCERT Exemplar for class 11 chemistry Chapter 10
CBSE Notes for class 11 chemistry Chapter 10
Studying chapter 10 S-Block elements will make you get acquainted with group 1 elements, their electronic configurations, alkali metals, Ionization enthalpy, atomic and ionic radii, hydration, enthalpy, physical and chemical properties use and importance. After studying this chapter students will be able to describe characters of alkali metals and their compounds, characters of alkaline earthly metals and compounds, industrial importance and production of important sodium and calcium compounds which includes Portland cement.
BYJU’S provide premier study materials, notes, Sample papers, Important questions, Mock tests, textbooks, worksheets and exemplar problems for all the chapter of all the subjects of class 11. Keep Visiting BYJU’S for latest CBSE sample papers, previous year questions. At BYJU’S we also provide CBSE notes for classes 6 to 12.
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roshni December 24, 2019 at 8:44 pm
NCERT Solutions Class 11 Chemistry Chapters
Chapter 1 some basic concepts chemistry
Chapter 2 structure of atoms
Chapter 3 classification of elements and periodicity
Chapter 4 chemical bonding and molecular structure
Chapter 5 states of matter
Chapter 6 thermodynamics function
Chapter 7 equilibrium
Chapter 8 redox reaction
Chapter 9 hydrogen
Chapter 11 p block elements
Chapter 12 organic chemistry some basic principles and techniques
Chapter 13 hydrocarbons
Chapter 14 environmental chemistry
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08/15/2019 Los Angeles Lakers
Breaking down Magic Johnson's baby sky hook in the 1987 NBA Finals
Magic wanted to redeem himself from his mishap in the 1984 Finals and he did by making one of the most iconic plays in NBA history.
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By Carlan Gay @TheCarlanGay
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Magic Johnson was a man on a mission in the 1987 season, but his defining moment of that year didn't come until Game 4 of the 1987 NBA Finals.
Already up 2-1 on the Boston Celtics, Magic and his Lakers found themselves down 106-105 with just seven ticks on the clock. Kareem Abdul-Jabbar had a chance to tie the game at the line but bricked his second free throw attempt.
The Celtics, however, couldn't corral the rock as it went screaming off the left hand of Kevin McHale. The Boston Garden crowd and the Celtics themselves argued that it went off Mychal Thompson last. Thompson was in the area but the call stood and, of course, there was no instant replay in those days.
This set the table for the moment of the '87 Finals and one of Magic's most iconic plays. At that point in the game, Johnson had 27 points and was 11-for-19 from the field - he was feeling it. Lakers head coach Pat Riley called his final timeout and drew up a play to try and get the ball inside to Kareem.
As the play develops, Magic catches the ball baseline and the Lakers clear out to allow Kareem to post-up Robert Parish.
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With five ticks on the clock, Magic realizes he has McHale on him, who, by the way, wasn't known for his lockdown defence. Magic puts the ball on the deck, freezing McHale with a little hesitation dribble.
Kareem realizes then that he's not getting the rock and instinctively clears the paint and looks for a dump-off pass - this time, however, Magic was taking this shot.
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If it weren't for Magic's mishaps in back-to-back games in the '84 Finals, costing the Lakers a chance at another title, he probably drops the ball off to Kareem for an easy dunk.
The play was for Kareem after all, and he was the Captain, but the '87 Finals was Magic's time. As a matter of fact, the entire 86-87 season was Magic's time. He was named the league MVP after averaging a career-high 23.9 points and a league-leading 12.2 assists per game. There was no way he was giving up the pill.
As Magic went into his mini hook shot, three Celtics were surrounding him. It probably wasn't the shot that the Lakers thought they'd be taking coming out of the timeout, but it was the shot they got and made.
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Following the Lakers' 107-106 win, Boston's Larry Bird, who never complimented his opponents - especially in a loss - told the world that Magic was the best that he had ever seen.
"Magic's just a great basketball player," Bird told the media. "He's the best I've ever seen, you know - I ... unbelievable. I don't know what to say."
On Magic's 60th birthday, we celebrate his baby hook in '87. Laker fans all around the world can still hear the late great Chick Hearn screaming "Good" as the ball splashed through the hoop.
The views on this page do not necessarily reflect the views of the NBA or its clubs.
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Independent Map Amendment
August 27, 2015 by: Lesley Gooding
ILLINOIS FARM BUREAU TO SUPPORT INDEPENDENT MAP AMENDMENT
Kevin Semlow
Director of State Legislation
ksemlow@ilfb.org
BLOOMINGTON, Ill. — The Illinois Farm Bureau (IFB) today announced its support of the Independent Map Amendment coalition, a group seeking an Illinois constitutional amendment to change the way state legislative districts are drawn.
“This is a great opportunity for the voters of Illinois to put on the ballot an option for change,” said David Erickson, vice president, IFB. “Illinois Farm Bureau members have long sought to bring an independent process to the way our state legislative districts are drawn and this proposal is a balanced approach.”
IFB will work with the coalition to reach the goal of gathering 600,000 signatures of registered voters by April 2016. The Illinois Constitution requires that any petition seeking to amend the Legislative Article of the Illinois Constitution gather at least 290,216 valid, registered voter signatures.
“We are delighted the Illinois Farm Bureau has joined the fight for fairness in the redistricting process,” said Dennis FitzSimons, Chair of Independent Maps. “Illinois farm families want a fair shake in Springfield and understand that the current way state legislative districts are drawn makes that more difficult. Last November, only one candidate was on the ballot in 60 percent of legislative elections. Voters deserve better: Elections with choices, where issues are debated and candidates listen to their constituents.”
The proposed constitutional amendment would create an 11-member independent redistricting commission to draw legislative districts for General Assembly members. The commissioners would be selected at the same time of each federal decennial census, with the first commission appointed in 2021.
New districts drawn by the commission would be contiguous and substantially equal in population and would comply with federal law. All of the commission’s meetings and records would be open to the public. After a majority of commission members approve a plan, the new districts would be established.
“We are very excited to support the Independent Map Amendment coalition,” Erickson said. “We believe a change in the way maps are drawn will benefit not only our members, but every voter in the state, which is why we will be encouraging Farm Bureau members to sign the petition and then circulate the petitions amongst their families, friends, and communities.”
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Home Neighborhoods Putterham
Putterham provides a small, quiet neighborhood in the more suburban area of Brookline. Unlike many of the neighborhoods in Brookline that center primarily around shopping and dining, Putterham has a calmer atmosphere. Putterham shows a different side of Brookline, with a dozen-plus shops in a single strip mall set amongst single family homes.
Location: Putterham is located between South Brookline and Chestnut Hill, at the intersection of Grove Street and West Roxbury Parkway. The intersection of the two streets creates a small rotary, marking the Putterham neighborhood.
Description: Putterham marks its place in history with the Putterham School, a single-room school house that dates back to over 200 years ago. The school house was built on Grove Street in 1768 and provided children a place for education throughout many years of history. Recognized as an historic site, in 1966 the Putterham School was moved to Larz Anderson Park, where it still remains today.
Today, Putterham is known for its two golf courses, the public Robert T. Lynch at Putterham Meadows and a very exclusive private course, The Country Club. The Country Club hosts many world famous golf tournaments, including the 2013 US Amateur, the 1995 Women’s US Amateur, and the 1988 US Open. The golf course at Putterham Meadows is a beautiful 18-hole public course. In addition, be sure to stop by The Vine Ripe Grille, a lovely restaurant overlooking the course.
The Putterham neighborhood has a very serene environment, located far enough away from the commotion in the center of Brookline, yet still easily accessible. The small neighborhood has a single strip mall, The Shops at Putterham, located in the center of residential homes. The Shops at Putterham and many of the surrounding homes are constructed of red brick, with accents of white siding. The landscaping outside The Shops at Putterham is gorgeous. The bright green grass is contrasted with vibrantly colored flowers and planted shrubbery. A row of small trees lines the front side of the building, matching the nature surrounding the small shopping center and blending into the quiet atmosphere.
Temple Emeth is located across from The Shops at Putterham. The temple builds off of the beauty and simplicity found at Putterham, with green vines weaving and growing up the side of the building. Also near Putterham is the Walnut Hills Cemetery, Brookline’s second oldest burial grounds.
Also, nearby Putterham is the Baker School, one of Brookline’s K-grade 8 public elementary schools. The school also provides Baker Park, a beautiful location to bring children to play, including a large open field with a baseball diamond and soccer field.
How to get there: The West Roxbury Parkway and Grove Street connect to many main roads in Brookline, allowing direct and easy routes to Putterham via car.
Bus 51 (Cleveland Circle – Forest Hills Stations via Hancock Street) also provides easy access to Putterham, making stops at Grove Street at South Street, as well as nearby station 145 Grove Street opp. Bellingham Road.
Although there is no T station directly in the Putterham neighborhood, Putterham is accessible by taking the Green Line “C” branch to Cleveland Circle then taking Bus 51 from the Cleveland Circle Station to Grove Street.
Parking: The parking lot located at The Shops at Putterham provides a great deal of easy parking to accommodate anyone visiting the shops and restaurants.
Places to live: Putterham is mainly a residential neighborhood. Beautiful single-family homes line the multiple small streets throughout Putterham, creating perfect neighborhoods for families.
Shops and restaurants: The Shops at Putterham provide the Putterham neighborhood with several independently owned shops and restaurants as well as national chains, such as Starbucks. Many of the small restaurants have established themselves as favorites for the locals. The Mandarin Gourmet serves delicious Chinese food while the Putterham Grille specializes in American and Greek cuisine. In addition, Cheryl Ann’s Bakery offers everything you could ask for from a bakery, including breads, cookies, and cupcakes.
There are also a number of services and shops available at Putterham. The Shops at Putterham include a florists, dry cleaners, nail and hair salon, custom framing, stationary store, and bank. The Grove Street Market also provides any necessary groceries, as well as a selection of beers and wines.
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XC_CM_4thBiennialStandUpToCancer_001.JPG
HOLLYWOOD, LOS ANGELES, CA, USA - SEPTEMBER 05: Gwyneth Paltrow arrives at the 4th Biennial Stand Up To Cancer held at Dolby Theatre on September 5, 2014 in Hollywood, Los Angeles, California, United States. (Photo by Xavier Collin/Celebrity Monitor)
USA, United States, United States Of America, California, CA, Hollywood, Hollywood - California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles - California, City Of Los Angeles, Event, Red Carpet, Arts Culture and Entertainment, Red Carpet Event, Editorial, Arrival, Attending, Celebrities, Arts, Culture, Entertainment, Full Length, Headshot, Posing, Portrait, Smiling, Eye Contact, Fashion, Looking At Camera, 2014, Biennial, Forth, 4th, Stand Up To Cancer, SUTC, Entertainment Industry Foundation, EIF, The Dolby Theatre, Dolby Theatre, Cancer, ABC, CBS, VH1, Hulu, Encore Espanol, MasterCard, LogoTV, American Cancer Society, E!, Showtime, NBC, Cancer Stem Cell Consortium, CSCC, Genome Canada, CIHR IRSC, CHCH, CTV, CBC, Canadian Breast Cancer Foundation, The Safeway Foundation, AFN, Pivot, Zeneca, American Forces Network, CIBC, SickKids, Fight Network, starz, Palladia, RSA, Bravo, ESPN, ESPNews, Sherry Lansing Foundation, Smithsonian Channel, HBO Latino, Genentech, Benefit, Television Show, Network, Charity, Philantrophy, Fundraiser, Gwyneth Paltrow
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Enviar release
Direto da Fonte
Central da Pauta
Ásia – WikiLeaks founder Julian Assange arrested by British police at Ecuadorian Embassy
LONDON – WikiLeaks founder Julian Assange was arrested on Thursday after British police were invited into the Ecuadorian Embassy, where he has been holed up since 2012.
“Julian Assange, 47, has today, Thursday 11 April, been arrested by officers from the Metropolitan Police Service (MPS) at the Embassy of Ecuador,” police said.
Police said they arrested Assange after being “invited into the embassy by the Ambassador,” following the Ecuadorian government’s withdrawal of asylum.
“He has been taken into custody at a central London police station where he will remain, before being presented before Westminster Magistrates’ Court as soon as is possible,” police said in a statement.
WikiLeaks on Wednesday accused the Ecuadorian government of spying on Assange as tensions mounted between the WikiLeaks founder and his then-hosts.
The group’s editor-in-chief, Kristinn Hrafnsson, told a news conference that Assange’s meetings with lawyers and a doctor had been secretly filmed by Ecuadorian authorities.
Assange sought refuge in the Ecuadorian Embassy in London in 2012 and has been living there ever since.
Sweden has dropped an investigation into rape allegations against Assange, but he refuses to come out for fear of facing U.S. charges related to WikiLeaks’ publication of classified documents. He also faces arrest in Britain for jumping bail.
Relations between Assange and his Ecuadorian hosts had turned sour in recent weeks with a series of accusations from both sides.
Ecuador’s vice president, Otto Sonnenholzner, said Assange would have to “abide by the consequences” if he is found to have violated an embassy protocol put in place in October.
Speaking to the Sonorama radio station, he said, “The only thing Ecuador demands is fulfillment of the protocol, a protocol that limits certain privileges.”
He said the protocol imposed in October had allowed the country to cut its budget for maintaining Assange, which officials had estimated at $1 million a year.
Fonte: https://www.japantimes.co.jp/news/2019/04/11/world/wikileaks-founder-julian-assange-arrested-british-police-ecuadorian-embassy/
Os textos, informações e opiniões publicados neste espaço são de total responsabilidade do(a) autor(a). Logo, não correspondem, necessariamente, ao ponto de vista do Central da Pauta.
Notícia anteriorOceania – Trouble at GRTA, board questions Babauta’s hiring authority
Próxima notíciaEspecialistas criticam prorrogação de prazo para regularização ambiental – Notícias
EscaEsco
Ásia – Mo Farah targeting return to track at Tokyo 2020
Oceania – Sepiks celebrate agriculture and art
Américas – Bandit wounded in CR Highway shootout with police
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Home News Chandrayaan 2 Launch Date: Bahubali Chandrayaan 2 Reschedule on 22 July 2019...
Chandrayaan 2 Launch Date: Bahubali Chandrayaan 2 Reschedule on 22 July 2019 #Chandrayaan2 #GSLVMkIII #ISRO
Amit Kumar Sihag
Chandrayaan 2 Launch Date: Bahubali Chandrayaan 2 Reschedule on 22 July 2019
Chandrayaan 2 Launch Date: Bahubali Chandrayaan 2 Reschedule on 22 July 2019: Indian Space Research Organization (ISRO) has given a new date for the launch of Chandrayaan-2. According to ISRO, Chandran-2 will now be launched on July 22, 2019 at 2:40 pm. Let us say that due to technical failure on July 15, 2019, ISRO had deferred the launch of India’s ambitious project. ISRO has announced this to its official Twitter handle.
Chandrayaan-2 launch, which was called due to a technical snag on July 15, 2019, is now rescheduled at 2:43 pm IST on Monday, July 22, 2019. #Chandrayaan2 #GSLVMkIII #ISRO
Chandrayaan-2 launch, which was called off due to a technical snag on July 15, 2019, is now rescheduled at 2:43 pm IST on Monday, July 22, 2019. #Chandrayaan2 #GSLVMkIII #ISRO
— ISRO (@isro) July 18, 2019
Chandrayaan Mission 2 was approved on September 18, 2008. About 8 years later, the test was started in 2016 for this mission. ISRO had announced this year about the launch of Chandrayaan 2 in May. For this, the timeline of 9 July to 16 July was fixed. The special feature of this mission is that it will have an orbiter, a lander (whose name has been named Vikram) and a rover (named as Pragyan). The main objective of this mission is to make soft land and study its surface on the Moon. This mission will be the next stop for the earlier Moon mission.
Where Chandrayaan 2 Landing
Chandrayaan 2 will be the first mission of the world, which will be soft landing in the moon’s South Polar region. Not only this, it is India’s first mission that will have soft landing on the surface of the moon with fully developed indigenous technology. With this mission, India will become the fourth country in the world to have a soft landing on the moon’s surface. Talking about the experiments, the playloads used in it will include tropography, mineral identification (on the moon’s surface) and its distribution (dispersion), the thermo-physic character of soil, the surface chemical composition and the atmosphere of the moon will study.
What is Chandrayaan 2’s Lander Vikram
Talk about Chandrayaan 2’s Lander Vikram, it will make Chandrayaan a safe land on the moon surface by 6th September. Life component of this project, Mission Components Orbiter, will be functional in about a year. The mission of Vikram Lander and Pragyan Rover will be completed in a lunar day (14 days according to the Earth). Its orbiter carries out 8 scientific playloads, which will study the lunar surface (the surface of the moon). In addition to this, the orbiter will also get information about the environment of the moon. The weight of its orbiter is 2,379 kilograms, which can generate 1000W electric power. It is placed in a 100×100 km lunar polar orbit. The weight of Vikram Lander is 1,471 kg, which can generate 650W of electric power. Talking about 6 wheeled enlightened rover, it weighs 27 kg, which can generate 50W electric power. It can travel up to 500 meters and depends on solar energy for functioning.
Also Read this: Chandrayaan 2: Countdown Start for Bahubali Chandrayaan 2 GSLV MKIII
Bahubali
Moon Mission
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PM Modi to interact with students teachers during Pariksha Pe Charcha 2020
Posani’s interesting comments on NTR
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Winchester Park
Winchester Park Pocket Pavilion
Thank you for considering the Winchester Park Pocket Pavilion for your event. The Pocket Pavilion is available for private use to all residents and non-residents. Photo Gallery
All reservations must be made by applying at Chandler City Hall on Monday through Friday from 8:00 a.m. to 5:00 p.m. with a valid picture ID of the renter. Payment of rental fee must be paid before the Pocket Pavilion may be reserved. Reservations will be taken on a first-come, first-serve basis in accordance with the guidelines and policies of the City. Call City Hall at (903)849-6853 for more information.
The Winchester Park Pocket Pavilion is available seven days a week, from 5:00 a.m. to 11:00 p.m. The renter, their guest and any contractors must vacate the premises no later than 11:00 p.m. Park Rules & Regulations
A completed application and rental fee are required when the reservation is made.There is no deposit required when renting the Pocket Pavilion. Pavilion Use Permit Application
Rental Fees:
Resident - $20
Non-Resident - $40
Chandler Pow Wow
Parkland Per Person
Winchester Park Bird's Eye View
Winchester Park Grand Pavilion
Winchester Park Map
Winchester Fishing Pond
Winchester Horseshoe Courts
Watch meeting videos and view
View an interactive
GIS map of Chandler.
View our videos online.
View the Chandler Code
of Ordinances.
Get information on building
and other permits.
Where is the Recycle Center located?
What kind of recyclables are allowed?
Will there be someone there to help me unload?
The City of Chandler
811 Hwy. 31 East
Chandler, TX 75758
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You are here: Home / News / How to Find IFSC Code of Syndicate Bank Rajpipla Branch
May 8, 2018 By Sathishkumar Varatharajan Leave a Comment
Syndicate Bank is one of the oldest Banks in India that has never failed to offer the best banking services to its customers. Whether it is online or offline service, this bank has always given the best of all services to its customers.
To access online payment services of this bank like NEFT, RTGS, IMPS, etc. all you need to do is to get the IFSC code and the account number of the beneficiary’s account. IFSC code is the 11-digit alpha-numeric code that is required to initiate any of the online payment.
If you have your relative living in Rajpipla, Gujarat and you want to transfer some money to his or her account, then you can transfer the money to his or her Syndicate Bank account by checking the IFSC code over the Internet. Checking IFSC code of any branch of any bank is quite easy, and you don’t need to develop any expertise for the same. We are here to show you the process of finding the IFSC code of Rajpipla branch. You can use the same method to find the IFSC code of any branch of any bank.
Let us give a quick revision of what is an IFSC code?
IFSC code is an 11-digit alpha-numeric code containing details about the branch of the bank where you want to transfer the money. 11-Digits usually represent the Bank name and the branch details so that you can easily transfer the money without any hassle.
The good thing about this IFSC code is that no two branches of any bank can have the same IFSC CODE, so there are no chances of money fraud as well.
Know the IFSC code of Syndicate Bank, Rajpipla branch.
Let us find out the IFSC code of Syndicate Bank, Rajpipla branch.
We would go step-wise to find out IFSC code of Syndicate Bank, Rajpipla branch.
1. Log in to website link banksifsccodes.com containing detailed information about the IFSC code of branches of different banks of India. This time, we will find out IFSC code of Syndicate Bank, Rajpipla branch.
2. Once you have logged in to this site, select Syndicate Bank under “Select Bank Name.”
3. Now, you need to select state and district of the branch of Syndicate Bank.
4. After, this, select the branch name and enter.
5. It will display you the details of the IFSC code of any branch of Syndicate Bank.
For example, you are looking for IFSC code of Syndicate Bank, Rajpipla branch; then we will show you the step-wise process of finding IFSC code of Syndicate Bank, Gujarat, Narmada, Rajpipla branch.
We will find out IFSC code of Syndicate Bank, State Gujarat, District Narmada, Rajpipla branch.
Step 1. The first step is to visit website findyourbank.in
Step 2. For that, you should select bank Name as“Syndicate Bank”, state name as “Gujarat”, district “Narmada”,and branch ”Rajpipla”.
Step 3. This will display you the details of the IFSC code the branch that you are looking for that is details of Syndicate Bank Rajpipla Branch.
Information, as mentioned above, gives clear data about finding IFSC code of Syndicate Bank, Gujarat, Narmada, Rajpipla branch.
How to Find IFSC Code of Bank of Baroda Branches?
How to Find IFSC code of Vasai Vikas Sahakari Bank Limited?
How to Find IFSC Code of Dena Bank Branches?
How to Find IFSC Code of Indian Overseas Bank Branches?
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Reservations can only be made via bluebirdcafe.com.
All reservations are non-refundable, including prepaid shows.
Reservations are for your personal use. They are NOT transferrable and NOT for resale! We perform random I.D. checks and the name on the reservation must match the name on the I.D.
FIRST COME, FIRST SERVED SEATING:
Our Monday 9:30PM show with the Mike Henderson Band is entirely first come, first served.
For the early shows on Mondays—Sundays, we keep the church pew area (about 10-12 seats total) open for first-come, first-served seating when doors open. For the late shows on Tuesdays—Sundays, we reserve almost every seat in advance and will seat from the walkup line only for any cancellations or no-shows.
WE DO NOT ALLOW HOLDING SPOTS IN THE LINE. EVERYONE THAT WANTS A WALKUP SEAT SHOULD BE IN LINE.
We are an “all ages” venue for all of our shows, however, you must be 21+ to sit at one of our 10 bar seats.
Please be aware of our listening room atmosphere that may not be conducive to young children.
ACCESSIBLE SEATING:
We have limited availability for wheelchair accessible seating!
We can accommodate up to 2 seats per show – a wheelchair accessible seat + a companion IF we are given at least 2 weeks’ notice.
Email info@bluebirdcafe.com or call 615-383-1461 12pm-4pm CST Monday-Friday for assistance.
If we do not have advance notice for wheelchair accessibility needs, we may not be able to accommodate.
Also, note that a portion of our seating is on high stools (Tables 1, 3, and 23) – indicated on the seating chart and when you make a reservation. These seats can be challenging and uncomfortable for some people, so if you have concerns, please choose a different seat.
PHOTOGRAPHY/RECORDING:
Take as many pictures are you like!
No videography or audio recording, please.
SHHH! POLICY:
The Bluebird Cafe is a listening room and while the performers love the audience to applaud, laugh and often sing along, too much conversation during the show distracts other listeners and is disrespectful to the songwriters who form the backbone of our music community.
We encourage talking before the show, between sets and after the show but ask that during the performances, audience members keep their voices low and talking to a minimum.
IN THE ROUND VS IN THE ROW
In the Round: Our signature style has the songwriters in the center of the room, where they perform together, telling stories and accompanying each other. It’s a unique set up that allows the audience an up close and personal experience of how songwriters create their music.
In the Row: Where the songwriters will perform their music on-stage.
WHERE TO PARK:
There is parking available directly in front of The Bluebird. Please do not utilize our neighbors’ parking lots unless their business is closed, as they enforce towing.
Do NOT park in the AT&T lot or The Nest lot at any time!
PRIVATE RENTALS:
For information or to discuss a potential upcoming event at The Bluebird Cafe please contact events@bluebirdcafe.com or click here for more information.
We feature a full bar along with a varied menu of appetizers, hot & cold sandwiches and salads available until 10pm.
We do offer limited options for gluten-free customers.
View the food menu here and the drink menu here.
© 2017 Bluebird Cafe Inc., All rights reserved.
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← College football, the NFL is not your friend.
Keith Marshall, Bulldog historian →
Stats are for LOOSERS.
[Ed. note: Yes, I know that’s a typo in the header… which is more than I can say for about a quarter of the people who post on message boards.]
In today’s edition of “I Blame Bobo”, Patrick Garbin painfully tracks a comparison of Mark Richt’s and Mike Bobo’s terms as offensive coordinator in twelve different statistical categories, scores it overwhelmingly in Bobo’s favor, notes that Georgia has won at a far lower rate with Bobo as OC and concludes:
… It’s no secret that many in the Bulldog Nation (including yours truly on occasion), during Georgia’s last few seasons of mediocrity, have been quick to point the finger at Bobo’s play calling as a major issue. However, at least comparatively speaking, I’m beginning to believe that Bobo isn’t necessarily a problem but maybe a scapegoat, and something else besides his play calling, or lack thereof, should be focused upon.
BWAHAAHAHAAAHAHAHAHAHAHAHAHAH… wait, what? … he was serious about that?
Filed under Georgia Football, Stats Geek!
86 responses to “Stats are for LOOSERS.”
What is wrong with what he wrote?
Seriously, you’re going to have to spell it out to me b/c I don’t get it. But I will admit that I’m dense sometimes.
Sarcasm.
There’s nothing wrong with what he wrote. Go tell that to the folks who want Bobo canned or demoted because… well, because.
Zdawg
I blame Bobo for Jason not understanding.
Now THAT was funny! 🙂
I don’t understand why pointing out that Bobo as OC has been statistically better than Richt as OC is reason for saying that it’s ridiculous to can Bobo. What if you didn’t think Richt was that great as an offensive coordinator to begin with? Is it crazy to want to can Bobo and bring in someone from outside the program to be OC?
What makes you think Richt would do better the next time around?
I don’t think he’d do better. That’s why I’m talking about bringing in someone from outside the program to run the offense.
I meant with the next hire, not him taking the reins back. If Richt won’t change his overall coaching philosophy, what difference would a new hire make?
Well, 2 out of his 3 defensive coordinator hires have been successful. I think he does a pretty good job when hiring from outside the program.
As far as his coaching philosophy goes, if he brings in someone from outside and gives them what I’ll call “almost autonomy” (like what Grantham has), then his philosophy doesn’t matter as much anymore. He’s more of a CEO at that point.
ummm, Richt is a head coach with an OFFENSIVE background. It’s pretty plain that his preferred offensive philosophy is to run a pro-style offense. If you want a head coach who’s just going to toss the keys to the offense to his OC and let him run the spread, or the west coast, or the wishbone, you’re probably never going to be happy with Mark Richt.
What the numbers show, in a pretty clear fashion, is that the offensive production at UGA is as good as ever, probably better than ever. I suspect if one charted out the defensive stats over the Richt era, the reason UGA has less wins during Mike Bobo’s tenure as OC than under CMR’s turn as playcaller would be pretty obvious.
81 Dawg, This Old Dawg thinks that you are right on target.
Agree. Wonder what would happen if we had a kick ass defense like in 03. Oh, yeah, we’d win the East and lose to LSU in the championship game.
Richt is an offensive-minded coach. He approaches the hiring of his two coordinators differently. I don’t think your assumption is realistic.
That’s very possible. He may hire someone who is similar to him. But similar doesn’t necessarily have to mean Richt II or Bobo II. The new guy could still run a pro-style offense but have a different philosophy on how to utilize it. Think about how many variations of offense there are in the NFL.
But I get your point that he may not be willing to hire someone even as different from him as what I describe above. But it doesn’t mean we can’t analyze it and call it necessary as fans. Hell, for the longest time a LOT of people thought he wouldn’t fire Martinez and that he’d go down with that whole in his ship. People can change…even Mark Richt.
* hole
geez, bad typo!
DawgFaithful
DawgFaithfull
Totally agree. I have argued on this post before about how Bobo is certainly the scapegoat as is the OC in many other programs when things start to go south and I got ripped. Bobo calls the game the way Richt wants him to. Bringing in another guy wont change that. Richt is an offensive guy and this is his philosophy. He calls games like an NFL coordinator. People who dont know shit about football aren’t worth arguing with. You know like the people who cant figure out why Bobo calls a run on 2nd and 10 after an incomplete pass on 1st down. People, it’s very common to make that call. 3rd and 7-8 is alot easier to convert than 3rd and 10. Its not so much conservative as it is good football sense. NFL coordinators make this call all the time. Then there is the 3rd and 17 from our own 16yrd line situation where Bobo calls a draw. Again, very commom. We do not have a lot of plays in the playbook for 3rd and 17. You’ve got a young QB and you are backed up in your own territory. Good football sense says to call a conservative run and set up a good punt, play defense. LIVE TO FIGHT ANOTHER DAY. Better than a pick in your own redzone. It happens all the time. ITs smart. I love it when this happens and the guy sitting next to me starts cussing Bobo. I just want to reach over and slap him because he is such a retard and probably never played football. ITs pepole like this that blame Bobo for everything. Bottom line… If our defense keeps improving on last year, it almost doesnt matter WHO is OC. We’re gonna have success. Stop blaming BoBo people. Look at his numbers as OC. The proof is in the pudding
Edawg
How about a draw play on 3 and 15 from our own 45? I saw that little gem dialed up this year. They (Bobo and Richt) are not beyond criticism. Not even close. So get down off your soapbox, Johnny Knowitall.
Edawg,
I’ll say it again. We dont have many plays for 3rd and 15. In this instance from our own 45 you call a conservative play for the same reason. You dont want to turn it over at mid field when you have the 3rd ranked Defense in America and your QB has struggled with throwing picks. You live to fight another day by pinning them in their own redzone and trusting your Badass defense. It puts pressure on them. Dumbass. You sound like that retard who has never played a down of football.
Hey DawgFaithful/Knowitall,
This was in the second game of the season. You know, the one where we gave up 45 points? The game following the game where we gave up 35? Ring a bell? We didn’t exactly have the 3rd ranked defense at that point.
You’re a clown.
Also, how much do you stand to gain by moving up the 5 yards that you typically get on a long draw? You move from the 45 to the 50. At the 45, you can tell Butler to just boom it. You can’t really do that at the 50 b/c if he catches it clean, it’s in the end zone.
Again, you’re a clown.
Yes the SC game. I was there. They had 3 defensive TD’s(picks and fumbles by inexperienced QB) and a special teams TD, Blair walsh missed 2 Fg’s and we lost by 3 pts. I’d say the defense did a great job of keeping us in that game until the 4th quarter when Lattimore finally broke a couple of runs. Dumbass. Im not saying that you should run a draw on every 3rd and long idiot. Nobody does that. There are many factors in the decision like, the score, time left in the game, the way your defense is playing, or they way your QB has handled situations like this in the past in games and in practice. These decisions are all calculated. Bobo never just calls a draw up the middle because he cant think of anything else to call. Sometimes we get aggressive in that situation. I dont remember the specific play you are referring to but there was definitely some logical reasoning behind it. Its not about trying to get 5 more yards and then punt. Its about TO FIGHT ANOTHER DAY. Also there are other options rather than booming it into the endzone. Have you ever heard of a directional punt? Did you watch the punter for the Giants last night? You are the epitomy of the ignorant ass UGA fan that I was refering to in my original post. Maybe you should be alling the plays. Me… I’ll leave it to the experts. And if I dont really understand something, I dont go around sharing my opinion like its Gospel. Long live Bobo and Richt. To hell with Tech and ignorant fans like you
The defense gave up 24 points that day. Not terrible but not great. Oh, and they gave up 400 total yards.
Again, this is the week after we gave up 35 to Boise.
One final time, you’re a clown. Keep trying to convince yourself otherwise though.
They gave up 24 pts but 7 of those came on a QB sneak after a fumble was returned to the 2 yd line. Technically 24 but In my eyes they actually scored 17 pts on our Def. It shows your ignorance that your 1 example of Bobo’s bad play calling came from Georgia’s 2nd best offensive output of the entire season. 42 pts. and we missed those 2 Fg’s. How many pts should Bobo’s Offense be scoring? That draw didnt hurt us to bad did it?
42 pts on the 6th ranked pass Defense in the country. Great game to reference there buddy. Youre making a strong case
You’re a real piece of work. You can’t justify the one specific play that I brought up, so you put words in my mouth telling me that I’m complaining about scoring 42 points.
You’re a clown. You’ve proved it. There’s nothing left for me to say. But go ahead and respond about 5 more times making crap up if it makes you feel better.
I didn’t get it either. And I’m not dense.
Re: the Bobo situation… I think you can make a case that Bobo’s situational play calling is where the problem lies, not on it’s overall effectiveness. But I’m not one that’s on the blame Bobo bandwagon.. for no other reason than I just don’t believe it would be any different if Richt were calling plays. I think the problem has been more of a lack of an effective defense.. which we got back this year after several years absence. I’m just saying that I get the argument against Bobo, but I do think the notion that things would be different if he were removed or left is ridiculous.
Agreed…unless Richt brought in an outside guy to run the offense. Then I think things would be different.
She says no, things would not be different,
that it’s time to get on the bus and
http://thepeoplescube.com/peoples_resource/image/9853
I firmly believe that’s what needs to be done. The best way I can think to articulate my position is that right now in Richt’s mind Richt IS the offense, even with Bobo at OC. Like when Richt decided to roll the dice to set up a FG during the Michigan State game, he told the press he believed in his kicker. What that tells me is that it never occurred to him to believe in his offense. And that’s because he IS the offense. He needs a separation. Richt needs an advocate there who’s pushes Richt to keep his foot on the opponent’s neck offensively. He needs someone who will push him to think of the offense as its own separate entity. I still think Bobo’s play-calling is where it probably should be for a decent SEC OC, but he’s too much of a protege to get in Richt’s face and demand respect like a proper OC should. I think they would both be better coaches apart from each other.
I doubt it. As others have said, Richt’s philosophy is to play great defense, good enough offense, and rely on your kicker to win games. If we have a lead late in the game, we start milking the clock rather than trying to score.
This philosophy comes up short when you play mediocre defense, or have a mediocre kicker. This year, our defense was really good, but our kicker was mediocre. But the only game that Richt recognized that was the Florida game.
Whether his philosophy is right or wrong isn’t the point. It is what it is. We could bring in Petrino as OC, but if Richt tells him to start milking the clock in the third quarter, we won’t be scoring as many points as possible. If Richt tells him to play for the field goal, then a mediocre kicker can end up costing us a game.
Jason, i don’t see Richt ever doing that. He’s an offensive coach, he’s always going to handle some portion of that. Any O.C. under him will not have complete autonomy to do what they want… Richt will gameplan with whoever he hires, he’s just not hands off like that. Maybe one day he’ll get to his mentor Bobby Bowden’s style of ‘CEO head coach’, but I don’t like that approach because when coordinators get hired away for other jobs, you have to rebuild (like when Richt and Amato left FSU) almost from scratch. If Bobo left, Richt could replace him with little disruption.
What I find so great about this is that it’s so logical. The numbers are right there in front of you. I am no Bobo apologist but it blows my mind sometimes how much is put on him. I mean just absolutely reaching for straws to somehow find a way to put whatever is wrong with the team on him. I just have to laugh sometimes. I guess blaming Bobo is the trendy thing to do.
come on, Ginny. Why let actual facts get in the way of how some people feeeeeeeeeeel about Mike Bobo? If the other facets of UGA football (defense and special teams) had done their job the last few years as well as the offense…..and last year, the defense was the strength of the team….we’d have a few more wins. Bobo may not be the best OC who ever lived, but he’s pulling his weight.
Alphadawg
I’m guessing the Senator forgot to use the Sarcasm button on his key board?
The disconnect between perception and reality is Bobo’s fault.
Something like what Huxley wrote about cleansing the doors of perception so that Man would see everything as it is, infinite? Sorta like the last nearly infinite 20 years vs. the Gatahs. I like the other reality where the Dawgs run roughshod in Jacksonville and generally make a nuisance of themselves!
Ah, the ’70s and ’80s.
Simply put, it’s because people don’t know football, especially as a whole. Bobo is our best recruiter and it’s not even close.
We simply forgot to play defense most of those years. Is he perfect? Heck no, but no one is. I’m hard-pressed to watch CFB games and find offenses I want to run more than ours. I like what okie St and Stanford do, but I’m not convinced it would work in our league. What bobo did with our o-line and train wreck of a running game this year was nearly a miracle. Sadly, mo’s UGA fans just don’t get it. He dialed up some doodies in the first QTR versus the best team in the land and our guys dropped the ball. It’s football. That’s the way it goes, but people want to blame someone.
Okay, okay, okay. I give up. I’ll stop blaming Bobo. At least publicly. I reserve the right to blame him in my heart of hearts even if I know it isn’t fair, isn’t true and makes no logical sense whatsoever. Bourbon does that to me. See what I did there? Someone or something must be blamed. Bourbon or Bobo, it makes no difference to me. Either way, I promise to stop doing here on your site.
bulldawgy
we have won less with bobo because the defense has sucked most of the time he has been oc.
I am amazed at how fans critisize single plays. You can always second guess, particularly when the play does not work. The other team is trying too, and many times a good play call does not turn out right because of execution.
I’ll never forget when the Dawgs beat then # 1 ranked Florida 21-3 by running Henderson and Worley up the middle for about 300 yards. The next Saturday when we opened with the same play against our opponent (I am thinking it was Auburn) some moron behind me started booing and lambasting CVD for running the play. Luckily I had friends among me who prevented a fight when I told the guy he ought to just wear orange and keep his mouth shut.
The other night I watched the FLA game again, and what struck me was what a good game Bobo called, Many of the plays that were successful were runs up the middle. The great calls he made that did not turn out well was mostly because of lack of execution ( i e Orson Charles running wide open for TD and Murray just missed him ). And I recommend watching that game again to remind yourself of how good Crowell played when he was well.
Bobo is not perfect, but alternating booing and cheering depending on the success of a play is ridiculous. We have way too many fans who have their heads up their asses about this.
But it is notable that UGA predominantly ran the traditional I formation (with the tailback deep) in that game. Then reverted to running mostly from the shotgun the rest of the season.
I expected someone to have a “see the light” moment from the UF game with respect to alignment of the TB’s.
jdjrip
you are welcome sir
Bobo’s offense is going to look a whole lot better paired with Grantham’s defense.
***DINGDINGDING*** We have a winner!
Although better special teams play wouldn’t hurt, either.
come on, Senator. You know it’s Bobo’s fault the punt coverage team let a 275 pound DL run 75 yards for a score on a fake punt.
Bobo was close enough to make the tackle, I mean come on!
I would deeply appreciate it if we could NEVER discuss that play again…NEVER
think 2008.
If he (and/or Richt) continues to shut the offense down to sit on a lead when the defense is playing well, then Bobo’s numbers may actually look worse. That could be the difference. When Richt ran the team, we didn’t score as much and didn’t have to to win.
This is not me arguing numbers or trying to discredit Bobo though. It would be interesting though if his numbers went down and our win percentage went up, just like when Richt was calling the plays. The big difference was they Richt could count on the defense and never had to score 40+ to win.
“the big difference was *that*”
Odd typo…
SRQDawgs15
The problem with this is that a halfway decent OL/RB combo turns your “shutting the offense down” into controlling the ball and shortening the game. As was mentioned earlier in this thread, we beat LSU if not for a couple of dropped passes on great play calls from Bobo and we beat Mich St and probably SC if our OL could have blocked even a little bit. I know these are kids but the players should also be held accountable.
PS…..we also beat Mich St and SC if Blair Walsh doesn’t completely lose his (previously) AA kicking game and Mike Bobo has absolutely nothing to do with that
“Hijo”? Care to leave a comment here?
There is one potential issue here with the comparison, and that is the overall surge in offense in the latter half of the decade as compared to the early half of the decade. I seem to recall something along those lines being discussed with the Willie Martinez debacle — that overall scoring went up so he got some slack in the 2006-2008 timeframe. So, I would want to see statistics that “normalize” these results to a baseline of apples to apples — essentially, solving for the overall scoring/defensive context in each year — before I stop saying that Mike Bobo is a problem.
So, call me not convinced.
Is it possible that Garbin is claiming the Richt and his offensive philosophy is the problem? Many claim there would be no added advantage to hiring a new OC simply because that person would still run Richt’s play book.
I don’t think he’s blaming a specific target. He’s just arguing that the numbers suggest we should be looking beyond Bobo to figure out why the record has been disappointing over the past few seasons.
Fair enough. But it did seem like he was attempting to go somewhere with this other than a poor D (see Willie) and/or unspecial teams play.
The real problem is that someone has been making really bonehead decisions at the end of games. This problem probably existed going back for years but was covered up by superior personnel (particularly on D years ago and on O in later years) performing in the clutch and getting the win anyway. But starting in 2009 and accelerating to train wreck speed in 2010 someone’s bonehead calls at the end actually started costing the Dawgs wins. I don’t know exactly who made the calls as I was not standing on the sideline next to the staff when the calls were made but I do know who is ultimately responsible. The “F/U” factor cannot and should not be ignored. CMR needs to get somebody onto the staff to fix this problem or it will raise its ugly head again at the worst possible time.
Have not read the comments yet.
Richt is hands on with every aspect of the offense.
Richt works with the QBs & attends the QB meetings. He helps develope the O Game Plan.He wears a head set during the game. He also helps evaluate the players after a game or after a practice. I believe he also evaluates the coaches after a game & after a practice.
If he is satisfied with the job Bobo is doing, then so am I.
Personally I thought Bobo’s best job results, marginally better, was the year Cox was QB & the D was terrible. 24 TD passes & 8 wins.
Finally after watching a game , I check out the criticisms that I know are coming about Bobo & the play calling. I then rewatch the game using those criticisms as a guide line. Basically I never agree with what the critics are complaining about Are we watching the same Games?. I have to again agree with Richt that Richt & Bobo are combining to do a very good job with the Offense. I Blame Bobo..
I think the Senator actually does get it right with his headline. Garbin rightfully notes that the Richt led offense has a definitive advantage in the ultimate statistic…wins / winning %.
Sure, poor D, poor execution, etc. can be pointed to in the CMB losses (but not CMR’s?!). But some of the specific team readiness and play calling in our key losses over the past 4 – 5 seasons permit reasonable minds to ask a reasonable question…is Mike Bobo the best OC we can get?
Ok…to avoid the wrath of Cojones and others who will now question my “Disney” credentials, can we phrase the off-season debate this way…”What would we like CMB to learn to become a premier OC as measured by his peers?” For me, this starts with game management and not just development of plays that frustrate a defense, but the wisdom to keep using them until the D shows it can adapt. (See BSU for examples.)
And maybe I can follow up your post by surmising that Bobo ought to be prepared to deploy his offensive players to best advantage since he did the recruiting. By almost all accounts, he knows the recruiting side of the game and if he knows his players as best he can then creating viable gameplans should flow from that insight.
Maybe my point is that since nothing stays the same (trends, conditioning, even player dispositions from day to day), an OC has to be willing to recreate his philosophy a bit. It seems UGa has done that on D; why can’t the O shake up some more diversity.
If Bobo is really a great recruiter (as many people say he is), we really should start getting him to focus his recruiting ability on gettin us some amazing offensive linemen every year.
True dat…well, there is ONE in for 2012, so I suppose the Dawgs will build on that momentum.
Jeez,maybe I’m missing something but it seems to me that the complaint about not sticking with something that is working has been the one ongoing and consistent complaint that you can find on the site. I’m not inclined to go back that far but I recall that was one of the areas the Senator wanted to see improvement in at the beginning of the year was to see if Bobo would stop going away from plays at the end of the game that the defense has seemingly not figured out yet.. Your right ,I think that Bobo could be criticized for that in the Boise State game but I didn’t see it the rest of the season..
I’ll also mention that until our OL can block tier 1 DL’s like Michigan State’s, Bobo’s play-action offense isn’t going to anywhere of significance.
…which makes the continual unpreparedness/flimsy nature of the OL all the more stupefying.
When’s the last time we had a good offensive line?
Have we ever had a line at UGA comparable to the recent Bama lines?
No to that, though between ’07-09 the running game averaged over 4.5 tpc which is very healthy for the SEC. And outside of 2003 when Greene was on his back like 47 times, the OLine has not been shabby in protecting the QBs. Of course, the flood of negative plays this season was ludicrous and who knows what ’12 holds with two starters returning.
I think in general Bobo does a better job than his crtics suggest and think that he is an overall decent OC. I think he’s different than willie in that willie was consistently getting worse as opposed to Bobo who’s at worst inconsistent because he intermingles great moments with WTF moments. However let me play devil’s advocate for a minute. 1) Richt vs Bobo is a false comparision. Richt as UGA OC wasn’t that great. real question is can our offense do better if we brought in an outside OC? 2)why has nobody else come around looking for Bobo as an OC? In my humble opinion until the NFL or another school poaches away CTG the biggest thing Bobo amd special teams need to do is “first do no harm”. It doesn’t matter if you score 42 points against the gamecocks if you also score 28 FOR them via special teams and turnovers. take care of the damn ball and make sure that if our opponenets do score it’s after they had to drive the length of the field against a top 5 defense. do that and we’ll be fine.
I have absolutely no inside knowledge into UGA football, but I simply don’t believe that no other program has ever expressed interest in Bobo. If Neil Callaway and Steve Addazio can get head coaching jobs, then there is some other factor besides job performance keeping Bobo in Athens.
Likely it’s his !19! children under the age of five!
Is the Richt/Bobo offense just too predictable? 10 years is a lot of film.
Also, I wonder how great Bobo would look with a decent Oline?
If it is executed a D has trouble stopping it but if we screw up even one play per possession we have to punt. Sometimes I think our O is just too complicated for 20 hour a week guys.
One thing that amazes me is the assumption some people have that it would be the easiest thing in the world to hire someone as OC who would automatically be better than Mike Bobo. If it was so easy to replace productive coordinators with better, or at least, EQUALLY productive coordinators, explain how we regressed after Brian VanGorder left town.
When the great Norm Chow called a brilliant game to begin Fulmer’s downfall a few years back he was called a genius. When the remainder of the Bruin’s season went south Chow became an idiot. I suspect Coach Chow is neither an idiot or a genius, its just easier to look smart with USC’s athletes as opposed to UCLA’s.
Richt doesn’t run a pro style O he runs an FSU O. He always has and always will. The only change he made to the FSU style was to somewhat utilize the TE. FSU never used a TE except to block. We hire FSU’s TE coach and the TE’s disappear for games. If this team ran a New England stlye O with the TE’s we have we would have been unstoppable. Richt makes Bobo run the 1980-90’s version of FSU. Our O works best when our O has better players but the scheme breaks down against good D’s then the D has to save us over and over.
given the productivity of New England’s offense, and the fact that the skills needed to run it would seem to match up nicely with the type of offensive players UGA recruits, I have wondered if maybe we shouldnt be trying to learn from them. I know the pro game is different (hash marks, time between plays, more practice time), but it sure seems like we could find something useful there. I guess you could call it a freshening of our offensive approach, rather than a wholesale retooling.
Dovedawg
The one thing that Richt had as a play caller that seems to be missing is the knack for calling the unexpected play at the right time and having it work. E.g. the Haynes play 2001…the AU 4th and 12 in 2002…the David Greene fake handoff and long bomb v. LSU 2004…I miss those unexpected delights. We saw some in the FL game this past year when we went for it on 4th down 2x…but maybe because Richt was forced to gamble in a situation where everything was on the line…and I believe it was Richt who called those plays himself. Maybe Bobo can develop that knack this year
I remember Coach Richt saying that Bowden used to leave him alone for almost the entire game, but would out of no where interject the unexpected play.
Really, this boils down to OL play, coaching and recruiting. Bobo operates within the criteria the HC wants, what has been frustrating is the lack of o-line depth, and the resulting competition for playing time. Injuries, poor evaluations, lack of numbers have contributed, along with a coach that didn’t seem to have the right stuff. I think we will be satisfied in the future.
For the past decade, UGA has displayed the best sustained offensive production in my considerable memory. Has there been a REALLY bad year, offensively? There have been some sputters, sure, and some times we didn’t have a top QB at the ready, but on the whole …
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← Of course he would have, bless his heart.
The enemy of my enemy… is still Notre Dame. →
“We missed the call.”
That’s from Steve Shaw, who says the conference is reviewing Quinton Dial’s questionable hit on Aaron Murray in the second quarter of the SECCG.
Will Mike Slive make the call to suspend Dial from the national title game as a result? Stay tuned.
Filed under SEC Football
135 responses to ““We missed the call.””
LoveTtown
There were several missed calls for both sides, speaking as a Bama fan. While I agree he should have probably been flagged – not sure that he tried to go head to head – I think Dial is just a lot bigger, check this one out. Bama player got the personal foul on this…http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Ze9FrbEBp9k
Either way, it was a hard fought game. Kudos to UGA
I don’t say this to be a prick, but intention is irrelevant. I didn’t notice too much chippiness out of the players, (with the exception of one of our guys getting flagged and subsequently chewed out by our coaches, both the flag and the asschewing were warranted) but I do agree with you that it was probably not intended. Now go kick some Notre Dame ass and make the SEC proud!!
South FL Dawg
And Harvey Updike wasn’t really trying to kill those trees, just make the leaves stay on longer into the fall.
“probably”? I hope you don’t serve on a jury anytime soon.
“I think Dial is a lot bigger”.
Well they should have coached him up a little more on pad level!!!
He should miss the game if not the players suspended earlier for similar hits have a legit beef for selective suspensions. I hope they do send the message that Bama players don’t get special breaks.
Wow, I thought the comments on the AJC were bad, but the comments on the AL.com link were amazingly bad. Makes me happy for blogs like this.
Thought the exact same thing about their comments section. How some of them were saying it wasn’t even helmet-to-helmet is beyond me. Not sure of his intention or what the definition of a defenseless player is, but helmet-to-helmet is pretty clear there.
Welcome to the world of bammer..I live it , unfortunately, every day. There are more bammers in the Florida panhandle than FSU Seminoles.
It definitely should have been a foul. Ogletree put more shoulder into his hit on McCarron than Dial did on Murray. And it’s not like Murray was ducking his head, so a hit intended for his chest ended up being a hit to the head. That’s understandable. Murray was jogging along and made an easy target for Dial. Either the intention was for Dial’s helmet to contact Murray’s chin, or Dial is just awfully clumsy and uncoordinated.
raleighdawg
Whether you’re a UGA or BAMA fan you have to know that it was intentional.
The GA player who gouged the eyes should sit too. After what happened to our player when FL did that you would think he would realize that it is wrong. GO DAWGS!!
Sheldon Dawson.
I don’t recognize that name but he deserves to be sat by Coach Richt. That was as wrong as when it was done by Brandon Spikes. Is Sheldon a freshman or sophomore?
He’s a freshman and I love him as a player and seems like a good kid too. Convinced we will hear his name a lot over next couple of years in a Brandon Boykin type way. Emotions of the big game probably, but yes he should sit.
This man is already hedging. It seems cut and dried to me. Look I get it that the next game is big, but if you’re going to diet in between meals just don’t bother. That said, there is one more angle to this which is the publicity it has gotten. We’all see if it’s enough.
A. Nonymous
If Alabama had been flagged for unsportsmanlike conduct/targeting a defenseless player, would UGA have retained possession? If so, that would be quite a game-changer, given what transpired following the interception.
No. Penalty came after the pick.
no, but they would have started that drive at the 35 instead of the 50. That drive lead to the 3 before the half, so yea it could have been a game changer.
(I only yesterday could go back to view the wreckage of that game)
And another thing: watch the 2nd-and-2 play Alabama runs just over midfield following that interception. Maybe I am foggy on the rulebook concerning intentional grounding but how is THAT not called on McCarron when he launches a mortar shot into the 2oth Row after being pressured through the A-Gaps? I mean, it did not appear in doubt.
If that is whistled Bama is facing 3rd-and-about 7, and maybe the FG never goes on the board. You think those three points were not big? The entire face of the game changes because Saban no longer has reason to run the 2-pt. play down 21-13.
Then, run out the logical sequence of events and the game is 28-28 with that final possession to UGa. All things playing out as they did, which of course who knows given different variable. But … ouch!
I won’t watch the replay any more for fear of what I might find.
David (not that one)
It was after the interception. So Bama would still have posession just 15 yards on the penalty.
My updates are slow!
oceanfront dawg
If anyone thinks Slive is going to do a damn thing, I’ve got oceanfront property in Rome (Georgia or Italy) to sell you.
For us all to obsess on a missed call is not worthy of the game that was played. It won’t deflect the hurt nor change the score. It seems the ref was blocked from the h-h shot and there was no reason to flag the play when he missed that part. The league will take care of it , but it would be sportsmanlike for the Bama player to state to Murray there was no intention to hurt. The liability placed on the hit is not unfounded, but to cut Bama’s team up because of an unintended h-h is just a waste of angst.
Why do I continue to say unintended? Because Aaron would not be waking up until this week if he intended to blast him in the head. Same reasoning goes with ‘Tree’s hit.
Aaron was very slow to get up and the official was right there. I don’t care if the hit affected the game or not it is illegal for a reason and if you selectively enforce then you allow certain teams to get away with dirty play. Two players this year were suspended under the same circumstances what would you say to them?
I thought it was intentional, but I don’t think that is a requirement. Who knows if it would have changed the result anyway. My issue is the head trauma and permanent damage.
The rule doesn’t require intention to hurt. Knowing nothing about Dial, I would assume that he did not intend to cause Murray to suffer a traumatic brain injury. You think he deserves a lollipop for that noble position?
The rule says you don’t go helmet to helmet and Dial did. Arguing that Dial only meant to knock the crap out of Murray, but not kill him is a curious position to take.
If he woke up later in the week (as I stated) then he wouldn’t be dead, would he and knocking the crap out of somebody is part of the game (no, I’m not saying it’s ok to take any kind of head shot). Don’t rachet a statement about personality and intent into something not said. And Debby, no one is proposing selective enforcement. I maintain that the block was legal because the ball had been intercepted, but many earlier indicated through their angst that they didn’t know the rule.
Makes no difference about opinions, folks, since the head office will decide whether it was illegal or not. Me? I’ll try not to introduce more than one way to look at any play in this angst milieu. I should have known better.
I don’t believe the Tree shot was a penalty.
Bobby Fenton
Punishment should fit the crime. It’s a helmet-to-helmet hit that should have gotten a 15-yard flag, but you cannot suspend the player for the biggest game in a lifetime. That is completely unreasonable and is not a proportionate response.
And to those who are saying that if other players have been suspended a game then this guy must also be – you are ignoring that there are degrees to things in life, it is not all black and white.
Being suspended for Western Carolina or Ole Miss is nowhere near the same as the National Title game. It’s absurd to suggest a suspension from the title game just because that happens to be the next game.
So maybe they should change the rules to say the player sits for “the next unimportant game.” Would that be more up your alley? Rules are rules. After AJ Green got suspended for FOUR GAMES for selling his own jersey (and thereby partially causing one of the worst UGA seasons I can remember), I’ll be damned if I’m gonna overlook something another team’s player does that CLEARLY warrants a suspension based on the rules and prior precedent, especially when we’re at the receiving end. It’s like we’re getting screwed twice: once with AJ Green’s absurd suspension and once with them letting another kid off the hook for an absurd play that under any other circumstances would most definitely result in a suspension.
If you rob a bank to buy diapers they don’t send you to Walmart they send you to jail.
It doesn’t matter what the next game is. The hit was illegal. In the NFL that’s a 50-75k fine. It’s bullshit and it couldve put Aaron out.
See Ohio State delayed suspension for bowl game. Didn’t work out too well.
You’re right, Bobby, it ain’t all black and white. CBS ran a full-color video replay about 8 times of Dial running 5 yards to deliver a brutal hit on a guy looking the other way, well after the ball was thrown.
Fuck that guy. A suspension’s too good for him. I hope he never sees a football field again.
PatinDC
If you don’t want to be suspended for big games, don’t play dirty the week before.
Selective punishment? I don’t think so. He gets to play just because he is a senior? He could have ended Murray’s career. No way in hell Saban lets this kid miss the game. Make him sit and fire the referee who missed the call. I don’t know how the hell he missed it because I saw it from the endzone second deck.
My issue is more with the ref. I saw it from the opposite of the dome -no way he didn’t see it.
I have alot of issues with the refs (sadly, because it was a very exciting game). See my post at 10:59 AM.
Proportionate in whose eyes? This is always a subjective opinion. This is why the exact penalty is fixed (ie holding is 10). I think to start making exceptions for a bowl is bad precedent. And it smacks of Ohio State in the Sugar Bowl 2 yrs ago.
So if dude walks in a liquor store and blows away a clerk who is 70 years old, he should get less time in prison than he would for killing a 30 year old clerk. Is that what you mean by proportionate Bobby?
Ha ha. Sounds like it.
Little Bobby Fenton, still working on his logic arguments.
Dcdawg
The game is over and done let’s move on.
It would be easier to move on if this were mid-season and we had something to move our attention to. However, this game will be in our minds until New Years, when we play Neb.
I agree, don’t want to get the two fanbases into a war over this, they should enjoy the memories of a great game. Both of those calls regarding the eye gouging and the needless hit on Am should have been flagged, and both players should be punished. No place for that in football. While we all agree the hit on AM was missed, the referee was standing right there and I cannot see how he missed it. Obviously calls get missed in every game and we cannot debate all of them. This game turned on so much more than those situations.
If you’ve never lived in Alabama, you will question my intelligence and judgement. Slive lives and works in Birmingham. I would be shocked if he suspends Dial. (I was going to say, “No way he suspends Dial”).
Is it just me or does it seem we get a lot of calls of “We missed the call” from the SEC office? I guess that’s why we call it PWG.
All I want for Christmas is a whole new SEC officiating organization, with the present refs going to the Guilitine to insure their permanent banishment.
Chi-Town Dawg
In games like this one, there are always going to be questionable or missed calls. The eye gouging was missed and deserved a penalty and the Dial hit was also a clear penalty in my mind. In terms of invoking a suspension, the league hasn’t been consistent in how they apply this punishment all year, so why try to make an example at this point of the season – let him play. The real question in my mind is what (if anything) will happen to the official who watched the cheap shot happen less than 10 yards away and didn’t throw a flag? Why the hell isn’t anyone talking about his “punishment”?
That’s probably the most violent football play I’ve seen in a while.
IMO it should have been flagged for helmet to helmet or whatever.
However, I don’t think it was a dirty play. It was nasty and Dial wanted to break him up, but I don’t think it was dirty.
Should he be suspended? Doesn’t seem fair seeing how he wasn’t penalized during the game, but times are changing.
comming from a bama fan
There is only one word for that play: chicken shit. That was an effort to remove the quarterback from the game with a cheap shot. Whether it was within the rules or not it was a chicken shit move and if the shoe was on the other foot the howls would be unbearable. Mainly cause your guy wouldn’t have gotten up.
Definitely not chicken shit but not in the classical use of the term, since chicken shit moves are rarely that violent. . And no way you can make a tasty chicken salad out of it. Except possibly in Alabama.
I meant definitely IS C.S. sorry
I’m not crazy about the kid missing the Natty, but there have been other suspensions this season where a flag wasn’t thrown and Bama shouldn’t be above the rules. Sit him.
Based on the Ole Miss DB sitting, I’m guessing he will.
And that is the relevant point. Being called a penalty in the game has already been shown to not be a pre-requisite for a suspension. I also think CMR should sit Dawson for the bowl game, no place for his actions in football either. We do not need the SEC to do it for us, it is against our code. These players have to be disciplined, and publicly.
+1 – Sit ’em both for at least a half.
You’re a good dude, BD. Your comments on this blog are usually well thought out and always welcome. But this comment is a lesson in rationalization: ‘nasty but not dirty’? Come on.
As to your supposition that Dial will be suspended… there’s no chance in Hell that will happen. Absolutely none. If he is, I’ll make sure to post a public mea culpa on this blog, but it ain’t happening.
Mr. Tu
I think the SEC should take the United Nations approach and tell Mr, Dial that if he does not behave they will be very, very angry with him, and then write him a stern letter stating the same
Nice, don’t forget to wag your finger.
Concussion are very serious injuries in sports. They can have long lasting impacts. Intentional or unintentional does not matter and is not a factor in the rule. Refs can not question players before a jury of peers and ask did you do it on purpose. This is football and it is on a time track. But safety is the most important rulea and factor in any sport at any level. Does not matter about the size of the players either. If you leave your feet and go above the shoulders, you should be flagged and possibly ejected. Head inuries are damn freaking serious. They can not be tolerated and does not make a damn who the player is, the game, or the damn score. It is all about safety!!!!
Pushing is one thing,but going to the head is a different matter. The question I have about the rule is it reviewable. Ritter and Company lost a lot good officiating by missing that play. They are instructed to watch for this on interception. Ref was there, but for some reason he did not see it. Like for him to respond. Did or did you not intentionally miss the call? Well, hell that question does not count either. Look ref, you sit out a few games until you understand this rule and see if you can get your head on a swivel to look for it.
This rule in football is like the rule in baseball. When a pitcher throw high toward the head….you can damn well know the benches will clear. Spent three days at Turner Field in June watching the O’s. First game back for O’s 2nd baseman after dealing with a concussion from sliding into second base. Virtually ended a great player’s career. Was out for over a year and a half. That is a very long time in baseball.
Aaron Murray’s career playing football. And nobody knows what that is or could be. But that does not matter, A concussion could have impacted his life like it did Roberts for a long time. Not the way you want to live your life or play a sport.
I’m not saying concussions aren’t serious or that I want to see Aaron Murray seriously injured.
I think it’s easy for us folks sitting around typing to say how things should have been. The reality is every football player in the country would have taken that shot. In the nfl this is preached every day and fines are still handed out every week.
I did not see this play live. I was at a wedding. :). When I saw the video clip it almost turned my stomach it was so violent. However, I don’t think it was dirty. I think it was a heat of battle kill shot.
Had it been McCarron, I would have been upset, but I would understand that this is football.
I’ll tell you this BD. Your guy’s hit was pretty bad looking. But, one can never tell whether the forbidden motive is present, or it’s just over enthusiasm. However, our Sheldon Dawson got away with a fast one. He intentionally eye gouged a Bama player, and Bama got flagged for the retaliation. Georgia had already been flagged for unsportsmanlike for retaliation.
You are wearing your Bama colored glasses on this one, BD. Maybe it doesn’t matter from a penalty standpoint, but your own language suggests you know exactly what was on Dial’s mind. Sometimes you can make a reasonable assumption as to motive by looking at an the manner an action is performed. As you point out, he was going for “the kill shot” – intending to do harm, not just a tough hit but to eff somebody up when they were not prepared. It is obvious from the trot of AM that he was not even a threat at that point. So dress it up however you want, if one of my kids or friends was involved in that play, on either side, I would be righteous pissed.
What fresh hell is this?
Conflicted on this one. There should absolutely be a suspension, but I’d like the Bammers to have all hands on deck for a proper ass-thrashing of the domers.
Quintong Dial has been re-tweeting comments celebrating his hit of Murray.
Stay classy Bama!!!!
Take a look yourself…one retweet?
https://twitter.com/BigQD90
Still it shows he has no regrets.
I agree with you…but you could say 1) he was just playing football and 2) Murray was ok…so at this point what does he have to apologize for?
HobnailedBoots
One could also say that Quinton DIal is a piece of shit and that one hopes he gets a concussion the next time he sees a football field so we can ask him if he thinks it’s so cool anymore.
He can apologize for the helmet shot to the head. But it doesn’t matter. He is going to get suspended. The hit was dangerous and illegal. It was seen by an outraged national audience and was a hot topic on the halftime show. The Swearinger and Elston hits that drew suspensions pale by comparison, and at least those guys were going for the ball carrier. Now you have an AD basically asking for punishment. So which way do you go if you are Slive? To me it adds up to Dial having played his last game for Alabama. But gimme me a break, it is not like they need him. Dial is not even the starter, right?
Murray should be coached to lay out on the ground for at least five, prime time television minutes after a dirty hit like that. You can bet Slive would get sick of seeing it run over and over and over on the replay, while the team docs saw to Murray. Then maybe the ref would have gotten his due. Sometimes you have to make your case in dramatic fashion…
Still I don’t think Slive should be in the position of judging what wasn’t called on the field. It’s a Pandora’s box he’s already opened, but it needs to be closed. It’s just not a good idea. He will spend all of his time watching film and trying to explain why he doesn’t apply the rule equally to all teams. It should be up to Saban to punish this player..not Slive. Then everyone can judge what Saban’s values are concerning such things….Slive should suspend or fire the ref for a year…that’s what would really change this crooked crap.
ChilliDawg
Nick Saving doesn’t have time for that sh*t.
No, Murray should have been trained to get right back up and immediately whine to the closest ref like McCarron did on the Ogletree hit. Seemed to work for him. F-ing SEC refs. Felt like Penn Wagers was in disguise reffing that game.
Just watched the DVR of the game and saw the hit again. I don’t care what anyone says, Dial looked for Murray and then took the shot knowing his head was turned. It looked to me, though I cant be sure, that the play was over too. He came off his feet and led with his head. Suspension is warranted IMO.
Coastal Dawg
In the wide angle replay Dail circles to further to Murray’s blind side for a better shot at him. Clearly he intended to take him out. It was a cheap shot at best and best head hunting at least.
It was a punk move, plain and simple. And remember Bama/Dial, payback is hell.
magnusdawgus
Chick Graning/Darwin Holt and Bama shrugging off career endangering cheap shots. The more things change…
Only us old farts will get that. That still sticks in my mind including the photo of Granning’s teeth with only the stubs sticking out of the gum next to a blank space between the teeth. Holt should have been banned from football.
Disappointed the cheap shot didn’t fire up our defense enough to get a stop on the next series.
Check my upstream post…
Here’s a post game interview with Murray. Go to about the 2:10 mark for his comments on the hit.
He said it didn’t have anything to do with his head that he got the breathe knocked out of him.
The breath too. 🙂
In something unrelated, I can’t believe you went to a wedding Saturday. In December. If you weren’t a relatively decent person with insightful posts, I’d think the Senator should ban you just for that. Very disappointed BD, very disappointed.
As I said before, if it had been a relative, I would not have gone.
It was the wedding of a guy I go to church with and I just couldn’t miss. He’s lucky to be getting married and the wife is from Memphis…guess she’s an Ole Miss fan or something.
No lie…around the time the FG was blocked someone’s phone blared crowd noise. Generated a little chuckle and loosened everyone up.
Rhymer Dawg
Okay, I am going to get on here and just let you know that I do not appreciate you trying to justify the actions Mr. Dial. I could argue that Murray just does not remember the hit to the head only that he found himself on the ground without any breath.
I get it. You want to make sure that your trip to Miami is not tarnished so you are going to go to leaps and bounds to make sure that your conscience is clear. Well, I am not having any of it.
You usually are classy on here and I appreciate your comments but this time you are just plain wrong. It was a cheap shot, it was dirty and it was helmet to helmet. You can’t talk about motive because you don’t know. There is a equal chance that is was intentional as it was not intentional. So lets just leave this argument in toilet where it belongs. We know the facts and the facts are that it was a cheap, lame helmet to helmet hit on a defenseless player.
I said above it should have been penalized.
There are Georgia fans on here expressing sentiments for sitting him and playing him.
I’m just saying, “what if he was just playing football?”
Regardless of my thoughts on the subject, we are in an era now where we are on the clock regarding head injuries. We will continue to see after-the-fact penalties, etc. and those will be used to curtail these kinds of hits – regardless of intent.
BD- I’ve already learned today not to try to talk a mob out of a hanging. You and I agree fully. Thanks for the film clip. It exonerates us both, but-Lookout!, they’re rushing the jail again!
BS. A lot of reasonable people on this blog have entertained a lot of angles on this. If you want to join BD and call that shot “just football” be my guest, but the conversation hardly has the tone of a mob mentality.
BD has been treated with the same respect he himself brings to this blog….or at least as much respect as the rest of us treat each other….:)
Who the hell cares? That has nothing to do with whether the hit was dirty or illegal.
Jesus, you just can’t seem to find your way to the actual point, can you?
Some people are saying it was a dirty play.
Are you saying it was a dirty play?
A thing of beauty, this.
BigNCDawg
The hit was blindside, defenseless, full speed, and leaving the feet. It could have ended Murry’s football playing days.
So the conference coordinator of officials is an Alabama grad and the conference headquarters are in Birmingham. What a conference.
Billy Mumphrey
From this replay it appears there is a ref looking right at the hit. Did they “miss” it or “ignore” it?
Always Someone Else's Fault
That hit gets replayed a million times on Sportscenter if it’s a punt return and someone lays out a tackler. I guess special teams guys don’t count.
1) He did not launch. He got low and drove through, but the legs didn’t “spring” into the hit.
2) His shoulder-pad/helmet caught Murray’s around the bottom of Murray’s facemask and on the side – it was not crown to crown. That doesn’t make it any less violent, but NFL suspension hits usually involve leading with the crown.
3) He drives his shoulder into the hit. Again – brutal, but not leading with the helmet.
4) Murray became a defender once the ball was picked. Normal pocket rules no longer apply. Again – still 15 yards, but blind-siding a QB watching his receiver run for a TD versus jogging towards an opposing player trying to run back a pick are two different contexts.
Will suspending Dial make me any happier? No. It was a football play, not an intent to injure, maim, or go outside the rules. Just my opinion. Definitely worth 15 yards, but hardly worth suspending a player for any game.
Watching it over and over. His shoulder is fully into Murray’s chest. Seems to me he’s attempting to go low and through the body, not high and through the head. There is definitely significant helmet to helmet contact – but I don’t think that’s where Dial was “targeting,” to use the popular term. And that’s the criteria for suspension: clear targeting of the area above the neck.
above the shoulders. Argh.
Dude, you need glasses.
You’re a fucking idiot dude. You’ve got to be nothing short of a fucking idiot to be able to watch that vid and come away saying “it wasn’t helmet to helmet.”
And by that I mean you’ve got to be a COMPLETE fucking idiot to make an argument that Dial wasn’t head hunting. Just in case I wasn’t clear.
Maybe he failed Anatomy badly in h,s, and is mixing up the shoulder and head.
Hmmm. Frame by frame rewind, back and forth. Shoulder into chest. Leading with arm into chest. Helmet blasts Murray’s helmet. Clear 15 yarder. Not so clear “sit a game.”
I never said it wasn’t. I said it didn’t look like a classic “go for the head with intent” shot to me. Big difference, and I went out of my way to make it, just to avoid the classic f-bomb overreactions I expected to get.
And by that I mean you didn’t bother to really read the post and went off anyway,, just in case I wasn’t clear.
Hey, when they’re rushing the jail……
Uh oh! See below. They are getting liquored up now!
What did you reckon about the Tree penalty?
Gee, by those standards Nick Fairley’s shot on Murray was just a “love tap.” I suppose you could throw in that Aaron made a “racial slur,” which made the whole thing justified.
Only one problem with your explanation. This exact type of play- a defender on a turnover going after the QB- was a SPECIFIC point of emphasis for the SEC officials this season. Right or wrong, the SEC officials were told not to let these types of plays happen.
And they flat out missed it. Absolutely inexcusable.
They flat out “missed” all sorts of Bama shenanigans. I surely do not want this all to sound like sour grapes, but I have consistently been coming around to the Mayor’s side on some officiating issues per conference “favories.”
Check my upstream post @ 10:59
Am i the only one who thinks it looks like the receiver was open and that a good throw not only prevents a pick but could’ve been a big pick up and maybe even 6?
Murray said he made a bad throw and under threw it.
I’m very proud of Murray. He took one of the biggest cheap shots I’ve ever seen, got up, dusted himself off, and very nearly lead us to the promised land. He is one tough SOB. Reminds me of Rocky taunting Clubber Lang at the end of Rocky III. “Come on, my grandmother hits harder than that!”
Amen- have thought he was one tough SOB since Auburn 2010
New study released today linking football hits to the head and traumatic brain disease.
http://www.nytimes.com/2012/12/03/sports/study-bolsters-link-between-routine-hits-to-head-and-long-term-brain-disease.html
Bryant Denny, now do you get it ?
TiftonDawg
Anybody notice that both Mike Slive and the SEC officials headquarters are located in Birmingham? Tell me Slive didn’t choose the crew he wanted for that game. I’m sure glad they finally threw one flag for unsportsman like conduct on Bama to give some illusion of fairness for the ‘Bammers to fall back on. Ogletree’s hit on A.J. was shoulder to shoulder immediately after he released the ball; shouldn’t even have been called.
Totally there with you, dawg. Luckily, that scewjob was dodged.
Insert the “r” at your leisure.
The first thing that makes contact is the top of Dial’s helmet into the side of Murray’s facemask. That hit is illegal, regardless of intent, and hits equal to this have garnered suspensions this year. Those are the facts. Intent is irrelevant. The fact that Murray was not concussed is irrelevant.
Tim Killen
Are Georgia fans still talking about this? This play did not cost you the game. 340 rushing yards on your defense and a missed field goal did that. A loss stings but let it go. It was a classic game. Dial’s replacement is better than he is so it wouldn’t affect Alabama. But if you insist, fine. Suspend Dial and the Feorgia eye gouger. Then everybody’s happy and we can move on.
The link is to an Alabama article.
How could you and officials miss such a flagrant call and i do not want to hear that everyone is human and makes mistakes you and that whole officiating crew should hand in your resignations and be thankful that aaron murray did not sustain spinal injury causing paralyzation you and crew are pitiful excuses for human. Beings and so is mr slive for letting dial play in championship game while swearinger and other suspended player sit out a game hypocrits all of you.
.Hey quinton would be a shame if 2 irish players chop blocked you so bad that it would blow out your knee and break your leg in two but thats just football huh. Roll irish quinton u r a no good piece of shit dirty player period roll irish roll.
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Neuromuscular electrical stimulation for preventing skeletal-muscle weakness and wasting in critically ill patients: a systematic review
Nicola A Maffiuletti1,
Marc Roig2,3,
Eleftherios Karatzanos4 &
Serafim Nanas4
Neuromuscular electrical stimulation (NMES) therapy may be useful in early musculoskeletal rehabilitation during acute critical illness. The objective of this systematic review was to evaluate the effectiveness of NMES for preventing skeletal-muscle weakness and wasting in critically ill patients, in comparison with usual care.
We searched PubMed, CENTRAL, CINAHL, Web of Science, and PEDro to identify randomized controlled trials exploring the effect of NMES in critically ill patients, which had a well-defined NMES protocol, provided outcomes related to skeletal-muscle strength and/or mass, and for which full text was available. Two independent reviewers extracted data on muscle-related outcomes (strength and mass), and participant and intervention characteristics, and assessed the methodological quality of the studies. Owing to the lack of means and standard deviations (SDs) in some studies, as well as the lack of baseline measurements in two studies, it was impossible to conduct a full meta-analysis. When means and SDs were provided, the effect sizes of individual outcomes were calculated, and otherwise, a qualitative analysis was performed.
The search yielded 8 eligible studies involving 172 patients. The methodological quality of the studies was moderate to high. Five studies reported an increase in strength or better preservation of strength with NMES, with one study having a large effect size. Two studies found better preservation of muscle mass with NMES, with small to moderate effect sizes, while no significant benefits were found in two other studies.
NMES added to usual care proved to be more effective than usual care alone for preventing skeletal-muscle weakness in critically ill patients. However, there is inconclusive evidence for its benefit in prevention of muscle wasting.
A large majority of patients admitted to the intensive care unit (ICU) after the very acute phase of a critical illness exhibit major defects in skeletal-muscle strength (weakness) and mass (wasting) [1–3]. This so-called ICU-acquired weakness (ICUAW) is generally defined as a bilateral deficit of muscle strength in all limbs [4], which is accompanied by a profound loss of muscle mass (as high as 5% per day during the first week of ICU stay [5, 6]), and is associated with delayed weaning from mechanical ventilation [7], protracted and costly stays in ICU and hospital stay (the average daily ICU cost being approximately €1,000 [8]), and high mortality rates [9, 10]. ICUAW, whose etiology is multi-factorial, is associated with impaired physical function and health status in patients who have spent time in ICU, which can persist even years after hospital discharge [11, 12]. This drastically increases the duration of post-ICU treatments (including rehabilitation), and provokes severe social, psychological, and economic consequences (the average cost per life-year gained being approximately €6,000 [8]), thus affecting quality of life and delaying return to physical self-sufficiency and return to work of people who have been critically ill.
Because early rehabilitation/mobilization in the ICU has been shown to enhance short-term and potentially long-term functional outcomes [13–15], the use of physical-therapy strategies to counteract skeletal-muscle weakness and wasting has been promoted frequently in the past few years [16–20]. Neuromuscular electrical stimulation (NMES), a technique that consists of generating visible muscle contractions with portable devices connected to surface electrodes [21], has been shown to be effective in treating impaired muscles [22] as it has the potential to preserve muscle-protein synthesis and prevent muscle atrophy during prolonged periods of immobilization [23]. ICU-based NMES has recently been introduced for the treatment of ICUAW, as it does not require active patient cooperation, has an acute beneficial systemic effect on muscle microcirculation [24], and seems to provide some structural and functional benefits to critically ill patients [25]. However, owing to the heterogeneity of the critically ill patient group and also of the NMES procedures implemented in ICUs [18, 26–28], the effectiveness of this rehabilitation procedure for ICUAW prevention remains to be clearly proven.
Previous reviews have analyzed the effect of NMES on different muscle outcomes in patients with specific chronic diseases such as chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) [22]. Since those reviews were published, several randomized controlled trials (RCTs) have been completed. Furthermore, a detailed analysis of the effects of NMES in critically ill patients is lacking. Results from previous studies suggest that the most deconditioned patients obtain the best results when NMES is applied [22]. Given the potential use of NMES among patients with a limited capacity to engage in voluntary muscle work, assessment of the evidence for the use of NMES in critically ill patients is urgently needed. We therefore undertook a formal systematic review of the literature to determine the rehabilitative effect of NMES on skeletal-muscle strength and mass in critically ill patients, in comparison with standard care.
Electronic search and information sources
Although we developed a review protocol and followed Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) guidelines (see Additional file 1) [29], the study protocol was not registered. Two of the authors (EK, SN) independently performed the electronic search on the following databases: PubMed (1951 to present), Cochrane Controlled Trials Register (CENTRAL) (1894 to present), Cumulative Index to Nursing and Allied Health Literature (CINAHL) (1981 to present), Web of Science (1970 to present) and Physiotherapy Evidence Database (PEDro) (1929 to present). Reference lists from articles related to the topic were also searched. The search was not language-restricted but it was limited to RCTs completed on human subjects. The terms used to perform the search were: electrotherapy, electrical stimulation, electrical muscle stimulation, electromyostimulation, electrostimulation, neuromuscular stimulation, and NMES. The results of the primary search were combined with the terms: critically ill patients, critical illness, intensive care, and ICU. For instance, these terms were combined as follows to build the search in PubMed: (electrotherapy OR electrical stimulation OR electrical muscle stimulation OR electromyostimulation OR electrostimulation OR neuromuscular stimulation OR NMES) AND (critically ill patients OR critical illness OR intensive care OR ICU). As additional filters, clinical trial (in ‘Article types’) and humans (in ‘Species’) were chosen. The latest electronic search was performed on March 3, 2012.
The list of titles and abstracts of articles retrieved in the electronic search were first reviewed independently by two of the authors (EK, NAM), who selected only those potentially relevant for a more detailed review at full-text level. Both reviewers then read the full text and applied the following inclusion criteria: RCTs 1) exploring the effect of NMES in critically ill patients; 2) with a well-defined NMES protocol (that is, the main stimulation parameters were provided) for at least one intervention group; 3) with NMES applied to skeletal muscles with an intensity equal to or greater than motor threshold (that is, evoking a visible muscle contraction); 4) including outcomes related to muscle strength and/or mass; (5) and whose full text was available. After reviewing the articles and applying the inclusion criteria independently, both reviewers held a consensus meeting to compare their results and decide which articles should finally be included in the review. In cases of disagreement, a third reviewer (MR) was included in the discussion to reach a final consensus.
Data collection process
Two of the authors (EK, MR) independently extracted the data from the studies included in the review. Data retrieved included characteristics of patients (number, gender, age, diagnosis, and disease severity), interventions (type, duration, frequency, and NMES parameters), and muscle-related outcomes. When provided, details on the number of patients excluded or discharged and their compliance with treatment were also recorded. After extraction, both reviewers compared their data-extraction sheets to confirm the accuracy of the data.
Methodological quality
Two authors (EK and MR independently) assessed the methodological quality of the studies using the PEDro scale. This scale, which has been used extensively in the methodological evaluation of similar studies [22], and has previously shown good validity and reliability [30, 31], is based on 11 items for assessing scientific rigor: eligibility criteria, random allocation, concealed allocation, baseline comparability, blinded subjects, blinded therapists, blinded assessors, follow-up, intention-to-treat (ITT), between-group analysis, both point estimates, and variability. Ten of the items were used in this study to calculate the final score (maximum 10 points). The one item not used was eligibility criteria, which was excluded because it affects external but not internal or statistical validity. We compiled an arbitrary scale of quality, based on PEDro score, with high quality being a score greater than 5, moderate quality being 4 or 5, and low quality being 3 or lower [32]. To minimize errors and potential biases in the methodological evaluation, both reviewers compared their scores in a consensus meeting. In cases of disagreement, a third reviewer (NAM) was included in the discussion to reach a final consensus. Consistency between the two reviewers who performed the methodological assessment (PEDro scores) was evaluated with the Cronbach’s coefficient α. Overall methodological quality based on the PEDro scores was also categorized in accordance with the indications provided by Van Tulder et al.[33].
Outcomes were grouped into two main categories for data analysis: muscle strength and muscle mass (thickness and volume). Probably because data were not normally distributed, the majority of the studies included in the review reported continuous outcomes using medians with interquartile range instead of means with standard deviation (SD). We used several statistical approaches [34] in an attempt to normalize data distribution for the three studies that had raw data available [25, 35, 36], but we failed to alter the skewed data distribution. We also used the equations proposed by Hozo et al. to estimate means and SDs from medians, range, and sample size [37]. However, none of these approaches allowed us to calculate means and SDs reliably. In addition, because of the critical status of some of the study participants, muscle strength was not assessed at admission, and therefore baseline strength measurements were not obtained in two studies [35, 36]. Given these two important limitations, it was not possible to pool the data from the different studies to conduct a full meta-analysis. Instead, when means and SDs were provided, we calculated the effect size (d) of individual outcomes by dividing the difference between mean change scores (post-intervention minus pre-intervention scores) by the pooled SD [38]. Effect sizes were then categorized in accordance with the criteria established by Cohen as large (d> 0.8), moderate (d< 0.8 but > 0.2), or small (d< 0.2) effects [38]. When means and SDs at baseline and after the intervention were not provided, individual effect sizes were not calculated and, instead, a qualitative analysis of the data was performed.
The different steps of the electronic search are illustrated in Figure 1. The initial search yielded 461 articles, which were included in the review process at abstract level. After 113 duplicates were removed and 348 records were screened, only ten full-text articles could be assessed for eligibility (336 records were excluded because they did not meet all the required inclusion criteria, and two further studies were excluded because they were conference proceeding abstracts and the full text was not available [39, 40]). Of those ten articles, two were excluded; one was not an RCT [41], and the other did not report any relevant muscle-related outcome [42]. Finally, the remaining eight RCTs met all the required criteria and were included in the systematic review [25, 35, 36, 43–47]. It should be noted, however, that one of the selected articles [35] presented a secondary analysis of the same study reported in another article [36]; however, because these two studies reported data from different outcomes, we presented them individually [35, 36].
Flow diagram of search strategy.
The PEDro score for each study is reported in Table 1. The mean ± SD PEDro score of the studies included in the review was 5.5 ± 1.5, with scores ranging from 4 to 8 (that is, moderate to high quality). When PEDro scores of the two reviewers were compared, consistency was high (α=0.751; P<0.0001) [48]. The most common methodological weaknesses of the studies referred to the blinding of patients (although sham NMES was used in two studies [43, 44], which could be considered a type of blinding), therapists, and assessors. The allocation of subjects to different intervention groups was concealed in only two studies [43, 46]. In addition, two studies did not report baseline data for muscle strength, and therefore comparability between groups could not be established [35, 36]. Only three studies met the follow-up criteria as established by the PEDro scale [43, 45, 46], either because data for at least one key outcome were not obtained in more than 15% of the patients initially allocated into treatment groups [25, 35, 36], or because the number of patients from whom key outcome data were obtained was not explicitly stated [44, 47]. Two of the studies used ITT analysis [35, 36], and in one study all patients received treatments as allocated [46]. The rest of the studies did not meet the ITT analysis criterion [25, 43–45, 47]. The results of all five RCTs that investigated the effect of NMES on muscle strength supported the effectiveness of this intervention. Because two of these studies [43, 46] were of high methodological quality (PEDro score ≥ 7), the level of evidence could be categorized as moderate to strong. By contrast, because only two [25, 44] of the four studies that investigated the effect of NMES on muscle mass found a positive outcome, the evidence in support of this technique to improve muscle mass can be considered as conflicting.
Table 1 Methodological quality of the studies included in the systematic review (PEDro scores)
Characteristics of the patients included in the review are shown in Table 2. We included in the review (at the study level) only that information on patients for whom data for at least one of the outcomes of interest was provided. Data from 172 patients (46 female, 126 male) were retrieved. Of those 172 patients, 74 were allocated to the NMES group and 76 to the control group, while the remaining 22 patients received NMES on one side of the body and the contralateral side acted as control. The most common diagnoses at admission were sepsis, COPD, and trauma, although patients were also hospitalized because of neurological problems, cancer, or post-surgery complications. The severity of the disease was categorized by the Simplified Acute Physiology Score III (SAPS III) [25, 35, 36], the Sequential Organ Failure Assessment (SOFA), and the Acute Physiology and Chronic Health Evaluation II (APACHE II) [25, 35, 36, 45, 46]. No severity scores were reported in one study [44]. In addition, two studies reported the number of patients diagnosed with critical illness polyneuromyopathy [35, 36], and three other studies reported the number of days in the ICU [45–47]. Two studies that investigated the effects of NMES on patients with COPD reported spirometry and blood gas values as measures of disease severity [43, 47]. According to international guidelines [49], those patients would be categorized as patients with severe to very severe COPD.
Table 2 Characteristics of the patients included in the systematic review
The characteristics of the interventions are shown in Table 3. The duration of the NMES protocol ranged from 7 days to 6 weeks. Patients in the control group received usual care and, in some studies, either assisted limb mobilization with [43] or without sham NMES [47], or sham NMES alone [44]. NMES was delivered while the patient was relaxed, and targeted the following muscle groups: glutei [47], quadriceps [25, 35, 36, 43–47], hamstrings [43], peroneus longus [25, 35, 36], and biceps brachii [46]. Specific details of the stimulation parameters are shown in Table 3. In all studies, the criterion to establish the minimum intensity of NMES was a visible muscle contraction, which corresponds to the motor threshold [50]. NMES intensity during the treatment was progressively adjusted to the individual patient’s tolerance or set as a percentage (150%) of the motor threshold [45]. Stimulation frequencies ranged from 8 to 100 Hz, and pulse durations from 250 to 400 μs. Five studies reported the use of symmetric biphasic pulses [25, 35, 36, 43, 46], and one reported the use of asymmetric currents [47]. The shape (rectangular) of the stimulation pulse and the ramp-up and ramp-down times were reported in only three studies [35, 36, 45]. In general, compliance (percentage of sessions completed) with NMES treatment was high (81 to 100%), but compliance was not reported in two studies [44, 47]. No adverse events or complications in relation to NMES safety or tolerability were reported in seven of the eight studies included in the systematic review [45]. For the remaining study, superficial skin burns and excessive pain occurred in one and two patients, respectively, out of fourteen patients treated by Rodriguez et al.[46].
Table 3 Intervention characteristics, outcomes and main results of the studies included in the systematic review
Five studies assessed the effects of NMES on strength of different muscle groups (Table 3) [35, 36, 43, 46, 47]. Four studies evaluated muscle strength using the Medical Research Council (MRC) scale [35, 36, 46, 47]. One study found a significantly larger MRC score increase in the NMES group compared with the control group [47], with a large effect size (d = 1.44). Two studies reported greater MRC scores in the NMES group than in the control group [35, 36], although baseline measurements were not provided. Another study found significantly higher MRC scores on the stimulated side compared with the contralateral side [46]. One study, in which quadriceps muscle strength was assessed by dynamometry [43], reported a significantly larger strength increase in the NMES group compared with the control group.
Muscle mass
Four studies assessed the effects of NMES on muscle thickness [25, 44, 46], or volume [45] (Table 3). Muscle thickness was measured with ultrasonography, and muscle volume was obtained from the analysis of computed tomography images. In one study, muscle thickness decreased less in the NMES group than in the control group [25], and effect sizes (d) ranged from 0.11 to 0.39, depending on the muscle group assessed. Another study investigated the effects of NMES on quadriceps muscle thickness in acute (less than 7 days hospitalization) and long-term (greater than 14 days hospitalization) patients, and found that thickness increased only for long-term patients (d = 0.36) but not for acute or sham patients [44]. The two other studies found no significant changes in muscle thickness between the stimulated and contralateral biceps brachii [46], and no differences in muscle volume loss between the stimulated and contralateral quadriceps [45].
Neuromuscular electrical stimulation added to usual care, in comparison with usual care alone or sham stimulation, was associated with better muscle-strength outcomes in patients in the ICU, with moderate to strong evidence. However, the level of evidence was weaker and conflicting for outcomes related to muscle mass, with small to moderate effect sizes or no effect. These findings suggest that NMES may have the potential to prevent skeletal-muscle weakness in critically ill patients, which could confer many important physical, psychosocial, and economic benefits for these patients after discharge from ICU. However, it remains to be ascertained whether NMES therapy can also prevent the muscle wasting associated with critical illness.
The high inconsistency in ICU patient characteristics between studies was not unexpected (as attested by non-normal data distribution and lack of means and SDs), but it affected the methodological quality of the included studies, which prevented us from completing a meta-analysis. Therefore, the main results of this systematic review could only be interpreted with a thorough qualitative analysis. Although it is extremely challenging to perform large and well-controlled RCTs in this patient population, future NMES studies should consider stratifying patients for main diagnosis and eventually also for disease severity, as this latter feature has been identified as an independent risk factor for ICUAW incidence [10, 51]. It is conceivable that the benefits of NMES are greater for patients admitted to the ICU with respiratory complications (as suggested by the large effect sizes for patients with COPD) [47], or neurological complications, compared with patients with sepsis or trauma. For example, inflammation-mediated electrolyte changes and also edema may seriously affect conductivity and thus electrical current diffusion [52], which could lessen any systemic effect of NMES in these patient samples.
The questionable validity and heterogeneity of the NMES protocol characteristics adopted in the eight studies included in this systematic review further complicated the interpretation of the present results. The strength of the contraction induced by NMES (that is, evoked tension), which is the main determinant of NMES effectiveness [53], was not reported in any of the included studies. Quantifying this parameter, rather than stating simple current intensity/voltage, is crucial as it would also permit discrimination of responders from non-responders [54, 55], and eventually allows ascertainment of the optimal NMES characteristics for patients in the ICU on an individual basis. In addition, evoked tension should be maximized, whenever possible, by selecting appropriate current parameters (stimulation frequency of 50 to 100 Hz [56] and highest tolerable stimulation intensity, while minimizing fatigue with long relaxation phases), joint position (long muscle length), and methodological precautions such as the accurate determination of muscle motor points [57].
Assessing voluntary muscle strength in the ICU is extremely difficult. Despite potential limitations of manual muscle testing such as poor validity and inaccuracy of subjective ratings [58, 59], especially when assessors are not blinded, evaluation of voluntary strength using the MRC score was used in the majority of the included RCTs, and only one study used dynamometry [43]. Considering the limited or absent cooperation of patients at admission into the ICU, and the considerable influence of central factors (including motivation) on maximal voluntary efforts [60], it would be preferable if evaluation of muscle function in these patients relied on artificially-evoked muscle responses. Therefore, alternative methods that are independent of patient cooperation such as peripheral magnetic stimulation (which can also be used to evaluate respiratory muscle function) [61], electrical impedance myography [62], myotonometry [63], and mechanomyography [64], would improve the validity of muscle testing in ICU.
The major risk factors for ICUAW are immobilization, multiple organ failure, systemic inflammatory response syndrome, gram-negative septicemia [10], hyperglycemia [3, 65], and medications such as aminoglycosides, colistin, and corticosteroids. All these elements should be viewed as important confounding factors that might distort accurate interpretations of our findings. For example, patients with a recent exacerbation of COPD (most of whom are prescribed corticosteroids, which can induce myopathy) were excluded in one instance [47], whereas another study examined the effects of NMES after COPD exacerbation (some patients received corticosteroids) [43]. Studies must always carefully control for immobilization days, disease severity scores (organ specific and physiological), and medication use.
Even though physical-therapy practices vary widely between different ICUs, there is growing interest in early rehabilitation strategies that have the potential to prevent skeletal-muscle weakness and wasting in critically ill patients [20]. These interventions range from passive stretching [5] and early mobilization therapy [3] to bedside cycling ergometry [13]. Interestingly, NMES added to usual care has recently been shown to be effective in reducing ICUAW incidence [36]. The present systematic review confirms these preliminary findings, highlighting the potential role of NMES as a preventive countermeasure against ICUAW. Compared with other rehabilitation strategies, the unique aspects of NMES are that it is relatively cost-effective (one multiple-user NMES unit costs less than €400), does not require patient cooperation (it can be applied to sedated patients) or stable cardiac or respiratory function, can be implemented during the first few days after ICU admission, and provokes considerable central effects, both acute and chronic [66], which could also contribute to preventing the occurrence of muscle weakness in critically ill patients. Moreover, in addition to muscle-related outcomes, NMES has been shown to be more effective than conventional care or sham stimulation for improving pulmonary function [36, 43, 47], including accelerated weaning from mechanical ventilation [36], physical function (6-minute walking distance [43] and bed to chair transfer [47]), and for reducing the incidence of critical illness polyneuromyopathy [36]. However, the effects of NMES on the pathophysiological mechanisms of ICUAW are poorly known, and NMES cannot be easily used with all critically ill patients (for example, those with skin lesions, traumatic fractures, complete lower motor-neuron lesions and cardiac pacemakers), so that there is still no consensus among intensive care specialists about its real value.
The major limitation of the present review concerns the unavailability of outcome data (for example, baseline strength measurements) to allow a full meta-analysis to be conducted. At face value, this lack of data could be indicative of reporting bias at outcome level. However, rather than reporting bias, lack of outcome data should simply be seen as one of the many limitations inherent in studies conducted on patients admitted to the ICU. We factorized potential biases at study level by assessing the methodological quality of the studies, which allowed us to assess the reliability and validity of the data and to weigh the results of each study based on its methodological rigor. Unfortunately, because of the impossibility of calculating the effect sizes in many of the studies included in the review, the risk of publication bias could not be assessed.
This systematic review provides evidence that adding NMES therapy to usual care is more effective than usual care alone or sham NMES in preventing ICUAW. Nevertheless, there is inconclusive evidence about the effectiveness of NMES for the preservation of muscle mass in ICU patients. The effects of NMES we found were probably underestimated because of the non-stratification of patients according to main diagnosis and disease severity. More studies are needed to explore the long-term effects of NMES therapy during ICU stay on physical function and quality of life in ICU survivors, in order to identify the optimal NMES dosage for ICUAW prevention (both in terms of frequency, intensity and volume), and to describe the feasibility, safety, and cost-effectiveness of NMES in different subpopulations of critically ill patients.
APACHE:
Acute physiology and chronic health evaluation
Cochrane controlled trials register
CINAHL:
Cumulative index to nursing and allied health literature
COPD:
ICU:
ICUAW:
Intensive care unit acquired weakness
MRC:
Medical research council
NMES:
Neuromuscular electrical stimulation
Physiotherapy evidence database
PRISMA:
Preferred reporting items for systematic reviews and meta-analyses
RCT:
SAPS:
Simplified Acute Physiology Score
Sequential organ failure assessment.
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The pre-publication history for this paper can be accessed here:http://www.biomedcentral.com/1741-7015/11/137/prepub
MR was funded by the Ludvig and Sara Elsass Foundation.
Neuromuscular Research Laboratory, Schulthess Clinic, Zurich, Switzerland
Nicola A Maffiuletti
School of Physical and Occupational Therapy, McGill University, Montreal, Canada
Marc Roig
Department of Exercise and Sport Sciences and Department of Neuroscience and Pharmacology, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
First Critical Care Department, Evangelismos Hospital, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Athens, Greece
Eleftherios Karatzanos
& Serafim Nanas
Search for Nicola A Maffiuletti in:
Search for Marc Roig in:
Search for Eleftherios Karatzanos in:
Search for Serafim Nanas in:
Correspondence to Nicola A Maffiuletti.
NAM and MR made substantial contribution to conception and design of the review. All authors made substantial contribution to data acquisition, analysis, and interpretation. All authors were involved in drafting and critically revising the manuscript. All authors approved the final manuscript.
Additional file 1: PRISMA 2009 checklist.(DOC 64 KB)
Maffiuletti, N.A., Roig, M., Karatzanos, E. et al. Neuromuscular electrical stimulation for preventing skeletal-muscle weakness and wasting in critically ill patients: a systematic review. BMC Med 11, 137 (2013) doi:10.1186/1741-7015-11-137
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1186/1741-7015-11-137
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Managing the changing burden of cancer in Asia
Rengaswamy Sankaranarayanan1,
Kunnambath Ramadas2 &
You-lin Qiao3
BMC Medicine volume 12, Article number: 3 (2014) Cite this article
Asia accounts for 60% of the world population and half the global burden of cancer. The incidence of cancer cases is estimated to increase from 6.1 million in 2008 to 10.6 million in 2030, due to ageing and growing populations, lifestyle and socioeconomic changes. Striking variations in ethnicity, sociocultural practices, human development index, habits and dietary patterns are reflected in the burden and pattern of cancer in different regions. The existing and emerging cancer patterns and burden in different regions of Asia call for political recognition of cancer as an important public health problem and for balanced investments in public and professional awareness. Prevention as well as early detection of cancers leads to both better health outcomes and considerable savings in treatment costs. Cancer health services are still evolving, and require substantial investment to ensure equitable access to cancer care for all sections of the population. In this review, we discuss the changing burden of cancer in Asia, along with appropriate management strategies. Strategies should promote healthy ageing via healthy lifestyles, tobacco and alcohol control measures, hepatitis B virus (HBV) and human papillomavirus (HPV) vaccination, cancer screening services, and vertical investments in strengthening cancer healthcare infrastructure to improve equitable access to services.
Asia is the most diverse and populous continent; 4.3 billion of the world’s 7.1 billion people live there, and the population will increase by 1 billion by 2050 [1]. As a consequence of continuing socioeconomic development and increasing control of communicable diseases, life expectancy in all Asian countries has significantly increased. The proportion of people aged 65 years and above is likely to double from the current 7% by 2030. It is well known that cancer risk increases with age [2, 3]. Changing lifestyles, increasing urbanisation, changes in reproductive patterns and diet, obesity, tobacco use, alcohol drinking, chronic infection and increasing lifespans contribute to an ever-increasing cancer burden and changing cancer pattern in Asian countries. The projected increase will be largest in low-resource and medium-resource countries in Asia. Excluding rich economies such as Japan, Hong Kong, Singapore, South Korea, Saudi Arabia, United Arab Emirates, Kuwait, Qatar and Bahrain, most Asian countries are still developing.
Not surprisingly, Asian countries have highly variable health services development and healthcare infrastructures as a consequence of their diverse economic development, healthcare policies and investments. Although the number of people living below poverty line fell by 430 million between 2005 and 2010, Asia is still home to half of the world’s extremely poor population. Thus, cancers associated with both lower and higher socioeconomic conditions contribute to the Asian cancer pattern and burden.
Asia is very heterogeneous, and although high-income countries such as Israel, Kuwait, Qatar, the Republic of Korea, Singapore and United Arab Emirates have well-developed health services, the vast majority of the population living in many low- and middle-income Asian countries (LMICs) have extremely limited services and the cancer burden is substantial in these countries. Despite the growing burden of cancer, it remains a low priority in healthcare planning and expenditure in most Asian LMICs. In this review, we discuss the changing burden of cancer in Asia, highlight the readily implementable control measures that, based on current evidence, can help reduce the burden of disease, and also discuss the health service reforms that are required to implement these strategies.
Cancer patterns and burden in 2008 and 2030
Asia is a diverse continent. The striking variations in ethnicity, social norms, sociocultural practices and traditions, socioeconomic development and habits and dietary customs there are reflected in the patterns and burdens of cancer in different regions of Asia [2–4]. The estimated incident cases and deaths from the ten most common cancers in men and women in Asia around 2008 and projected for 2030 are given in Tables 1 and 2[3]. Incident cancer cases are estimated to increase in Asia from 6.1 million in 2008 to 10.7 million in 2030 and cancer deaths from 4.1 million in 2008 to 7.5 million in 2030 [3]. These projections mostly take into account demographic changes in the population. The disability-adjusted life years (DALYs) per 100,000 persons due to major cancers are given in Table 3[5]. The age-standardised rate of DALYs per 100,000 persons ranged between 1,748 and 2,786 in different regions of Asia and infection-related cancers (liver, stomach and cervix) contributed 27% of DALYs in East Asia [5].
Table 1 Incidence of and mortality from 10 most common cancers in Asia: men
Table 2 Incidence of and mortality from 10 most common cancers in Asia: women
Table 3 Age-adjusted disability-adjusted life year (DALY) rates per 100,000 population by cancer site and region, 2008
The distribution of major cancers in different regions of Asia is given in Table 4; the most common cancers are lung, stomach, liver, colon/rectum and oesophagus in men and breast, lung, stomach, colon/rectum and liver cancers in women [2, 3, 5]. Head and neck cancers, comprising oral, oropharynx and laryngopharynx cancers, are major contributors to the cancer burden in the Indian subcontinent (Tables 3 and 4).
Table 4 Five most common cancers in men and women in different regions of Asia
In the countries of Asia with high human development index (HDI) scores, female breast, lung and colon/rectum cancers predominated, whereas in medium HDI countries oesophagus, stomach and liver cancers were also common; in low HDI regions cervical cancer was more common than breast cancer [6]. Incidence rates for breast, colorectal and thyroid cancers are higher among women high-income Asian countries due to the increasing adoption of Western lifestyles and overuse of ultrasound scanning of thyroid glands [6–9]. Whereas successful primary prevention and early detection initiatives for some cancers such as breast, cervix, oral cavity, lung, colon and rectum and so on may impact the future burden of these cancers, lack of or ineffective interventions may increase their burden over and above current projections. As per current trends, breast cancer incidence rates have been steadily increasing in all Asian countries, with an annual percentage increase of between 1% and 3% (Figure 1) [2, 7, 8]. Although cervical cancer incidence rates have been steadily declining or stable, the rates are still high in South and South-East Asia and a substantial number of Asian women continue to develop and die from the disease (Figure 2) [2, 3]. Whereas colorectal cancer (CRC) incidence rates are increasing in both sexes in the Middle East, South East and East Asian countries, rates remain low in the Indian subcontinent (Figure 3) [7, 9, 10]. Trends in lung cancer incidence (Figure 4) closely follow population smoking prevalences, and rates are mostly stable or declining due to tobacco control measures [8]. Although stomach cancer incidence is steadily declining in both sexes (Figure 5), it is still the second most common cancer in men [5, 8]. Liver cancer incidence rates are declining in South East and East Asian countries due to the effect of widespread hepatitis B virus (HBV) vaccination, reduced exposure to aflatoxins and improving living conditions (Figure 6) [11–16]. Oesophageal cancer incidence rates are steadily declining in high-incidence Asian countries due to better nutrition and improved fruit and vegetable intake [9, 17]. Incidences of head and neck cancers are stable or declining due to tobacco control measures [8]. Among lymphoreticular malignancies, non-Hodgkin lymphoma (NHL) shows an increasing trend in incidence for reasons that are not entirely clear (Figure 7) [8]. Due to the ageing population, prostate cancer is on the increase (Figure 8) [8].
Trends in the incidence of breast cancer in selected Asian countries.CI5 I-X: Cancer Incidence in Five Continents Volumes I to X. IARC Scientific Publications Series, Lyon, IARC.
Trends in the incidence of cervical cancer in selected Asian countries. CI5 I-X: Cancer Incidence in Five Continents Volumes I to X. IARC Scientific Publications Series, Lyon, IARC.
Trends in the incidence of colorectal cancer in selected Asian countries. CI5 I-X: Cancer Incidence in Five Continents Volumes I to X. IARC Scientific Publications Series, Lyon, IARC.
Trends in the incidence of lung cancer in selected Asian countries. CI5 I-X: Cancer Incidence in Five Continents Volumes I to X. IARC Scientific Publications Series, Lyon, IARC.
Trends in the incidence of stomach cancer in selected Asian countries. CI5 I-X: Cancer Incidence in Five Continents Volumes I to X. IARC Scientific Publications Series, Lyon, IARC.
Trends in the incidence of liver cancer in selected Asian countries. CI5 I-X: Cancer Incidence in Five Continents Volumes I to X. IARC Scientific Publications Series, Lyon, IARC.
Trends in the incidence of non-Hodgkin lymphoma in selected Asian countries. CI5 I-X: Cancer Incidence in Five Continents Volumes I to X. IARC Scientific Publications Series, Lyon, IARC.
Trends in the incidence of prostate cancer in selected Asian countries. CI5 I-X: Cancer Incidence in Five Continents Volumes I to X. IARC Scientific Publications Series, Lyon, IARC.
Cancer healthcare services in Asian countries
The important components of cancer health services are given in Table 5. Cancer health services comprise policies and governance, integrated infrastructure and systems for awareness creation, prevention, early detection, referral, diagnosis, staging, treatment, follow-up care, palliative care and regular auditing of health services via monitoring and evaluation [18]. Health services should be supported by adequate financial resources through committed budget lines, and appropriate healthcare financing and cost recovery mechanisms for sustained delivery of services and information systems for monitoring and evaluation. Cancer health services are inadequate and still evolving in most Asian LMICs and a substantial variation in the development of the various cancer control components and access to cancer care can be seen between and within countries corresponding to their level of income and development (Table 6) [19, 20]. For instance, all components of cancer care are well developed in high-income countries (HICs) such as Singapore and the Republic of Korea whereas services are underdeveloped in vast regions of many LMICs such as Bangladesh, Cambodia, China, India, Indonesia, Laos, Myanmar, Pakistan, Vietnam and Yemen, among several other countries (Table 6).
Table 5 Components of cancer health services
Table 6 Cancer health services in Asia by per capita gross national income (GNI, 2012) categories
In general terms, cancer health services in all low-income and low-middle-income Asian countries are not adequately developed to deal with the increasing demands of preventive, diagnostic, therapeutic and follow-up care interventions needed to control the growing cancer epidemic in Asia. There are few facilities for cancer prevention, diagnosis and treatment, with weak referral systems, limited access to surgery, radiotherapy and essential cancer chemotherapeutic drugs in many low-income and middle-income Asian countries. Awareness among the general population and primary healthcare personnel about cancer, its symptoms and signs and improved treatment outcomes, if detected early, are conspicuously limited [21].
Although national cancer programmes, as outlined by the World Health Organization (WHO) [22], provide a framework for the development of cancer control services, there is a lack of cohesive national plans, inadequate financial and human resources and advocacy to develop and scale up comprehensive cancer prevention, early detection and treatment services. Less than 4% of gross domestic product (GDP) is spent on healthcare and government health expenditure per capita is less than 100 international dollars (1 international dollar is comparable to what can be purchased with US$1) in most low-income Asian countries, whereas this exceeds 2,200 international dollars in high-income Asian countries. The share of GDP spent on healthcare remained constant in most Asian countries, but declined in Afghanistan, Armenia, Bhutan, India, Maldives, Mongolia, Turkmenistan and Uzbekistan between 2000 to 2009 [23]. More than 60% of the total healthcare expenditure in most low-income and lower-middle-income Asian countries comes from private resources and more than 80% of private health expenditure is direct out-of-pocket payments, with catastrophic results on most families in these countries [23]. In 20 Asian countries, the health workforce density (includes doctors, nurses, midwives, multipurpose health workers and technicians) for the entire public health service is below the threshold of 23 workers per 10,000 population, a level below which essential health services are hampered; Cambodia has the lowest density at 10 health workers per 10,000 people [23]. As a consequence of the lack of cohesive national cancer plans and competition for resources within the limited overall health resources, cancer health services are not well funded by public and government finances and require high out-of-pocket payment in most low-income and lower-middle-income and some lower-middle-income Asian countries such as China and India. These countries exhibit substantial deficiencies in access to care for rural and disadvantaged populations, as evidenced by worse survival outcomes for patients living non-metropolitan and rural areas [19, 20]. Migration of skilled healthcare workers, medical tourism and the increasing number of public hospitals functioning with corporate principles and private participation pose further challenges to the already strained cancer healthcare services in many Asian countries. Striking a balance between investment in preventive, early detection, diagnosis and treatment services and, allocation of resources among different treatment options, are additional challenges in cancer services.
Cancer health services, in terms of access to clinical diagnosis, endoscopy, imaging, cytology, histopathology, tumour markers, surgery, radiotherapy, chemotherapy, hormone therapy, palliative care and rehabilitation, as well as availability of trained human resources in cancer care, remain to be strengthened in a number of low-income and low-middle-income Asian countries [24].
Cancer staging at diagnosis, which describes the extent of disease based on the size and the degree to which it has spread to lymph nodes and distant organs, is a key factor in determining treatment and prognosis. The availability of imaging, endoscopy and histological assessment in health services is critical to accurately stage cancer. Beyond staging’s key role in clinical practice, the availability of population-level cancer stage data for major cancers such as breast, cervix, colorectum and head and neck adds value to outcomes such as survival and mortality. All Asian countries should improve facilities for cancer staging and make information available that will help to monitor the performance of the health system and patterns of care that may signal opportunities for improvements.
Cancer treatment is resource intensive and often multimodal, involving surgery, radiotherapy or both for the treatment of localised and advanced disease with systematic therapy. Development and implementation of evidence-based treatment guidelines and follow-up care for major cancers (for example, breast, colon, cervix) may be encouraged for optimum use of treatment resources in LMICs.
To generate the human resources essential to provide cancer control services in Asian countries requires long-term planning and investment in educational institutions. Since a large proportion of Asian healthcare workers migrate, such planning is even more critical.
Opportunities for cancer prevention to reduce cancer occurrence in Asia
Substantial reduction in the incidence of lung and head and neck cancers and other tobacco-associated cancers can be achieved if tobacco control measures are further strengthened, particularly in low-income and low-middle-income Asian countries. Pricing and taxation, weaning of tobacco farmers and workers on to other occupations, smoke-free environments, banning both direct and indirect promotion of tobacco-containing products and health education are important components in a multipronged, multisectoral tobacco-control activity. The extent to which these tobacco control interventions are implemented varies widely across Asian countries. More earnest tobacco control implementation could substantially reduce the tobacco-related cancer burden in Asia [25–27].
The striking geographic variability in liver cancer incidence in Asia is largely explained by the distribution and natural history of HBV and hepatitis C virus (HCV) infections. Protection from vaccination lasts at least 20 years [28]. Vaccinating all infants against HBV, preventing HCV infection through blood screening for HCV antibodies, universal precautions against blood contamination in healthcare settings, reducing HCV transmission from injection drug use, effective antiviral therapy to control HBV infection or eradicate HCV, reducing exposure to aflatoxin B1 (AFB), alcohol control and control of chronic liver fluke infection are the major approaches for liver cancer prevention and control. The above control measures have led to a decline in liver cancer incidence in China, Hong Kong, Singapore, Taiwan and Thailand [11, 13–16]. The hepatitis B vaccine is 95% effective in preventing HBV infection and sustaining a high coverage (including the birth dose in high-risk countries) through expanded immunisation programmes is vital to ensure future steady declines in liver cancer incidence.
Around 70% to 75% of cervical cancers are caused by human papillomavirus (HPV) 16 or 18 [29], and the currently available prophylactic HPV vaccines are highly effective in preventing the persistent infections and precancerous lesions caused by HPV [30] when given in early adolescence or adulthood. The HPV vaccine is highly effective in uninfected or HPV-naïve girls and women [30]. The safety and feasibility of vaccinating girls through existing health services for adolescent populations has been well established [31]. HPV vaccination is not yet implemented as part of national immunisation programmes in Asian countries other than in Bhutan and Malaysia. The low priority accorded to cervical cancer prevention by national planners, high cost of vaccines, service delivery challenges in vaccinating adolescent girls and antivaccination propaganda, as well as erroneous and false attribution of unrelated adverse events to vaccination in some countries, have proved to be major impediments in implementing HPV vaccination through national immunisation programmes in high-risk Asian countries [31]. Currently Bhutan and Malaysia are the only two Asian countries vaccinating 12-year-old girls through their national immunisation programmes where full dose coverage exceeds 95% [31, 32]. HPV vaccination should be considered as a priority in high-risk Asian countries such as India and Thailand, among others, where early implementation will lead to a cohort of women at low risk for cancer in a few years’ time; this is even more relevant given the constraints in introducing organised screening programmes.
Eradication of Helicobacter pylori infection results in the healing of gastritis and reversal of early mucosal damage, and has the potential to prevent stomach cancer [33]. A test-and-treat approach to H. pylori in younger people and a combination of its eradication and endoscopic surveillance at periodic intervals for those aged 50 years and above has recently been proposed to eradicate stomach cancer [34]. Given the high prevalence of infection (over 60%), antibacterial treatment for all people who are chronically infected is impractical and may lead to antimicrobial resistance, and such interventions are not yet ready to be used in wider public health programmes. Given the increasing adoption of sedentary Western lifestyles in many Asian countries, primary prevention measures focusing on promoting healthy lifestyles such as increased physical activity, increased consumption of fresh vegetables and fruits, healthy diets, and decreased use of salted and preserved food through awareness programmes are important in Asian countries to reduce the risk of common cancers such as stomach, oesophagus, colon/rectum and breast, among other epithelial cancers.
Role of screening in reducing cancer burden in Asia
Although screening has been shown to reduce both incidence and mortality of cervical and colorectal cancer and mortality from breast cancer, large-scale population-based screening programmes for the above cancers do not exist in Asian countries except in Japan, Hong Kong, South Korea, Taiwan and Thailand [27, 35–39]. For screening to be effective, high quality interventions should be provided and accessed by a large proportion of the target population. This requires considerable organisation, diagnostic and treatment infrastructure and resources within routine health services. However, organised cancer screening programmes will not be feasible in the low-income and lower-middle-income countries of Asia for several years to come, given their limited healthcare infrastructures and resources.
Given the challenges in implementing quality-assured cytology screening, HPV testing and visual inspection with acetic acid (VIA) have been evaluated as alternative screening methods in study settings in China, India, Indonesia, Philippines and Thailand [36, 40–46] and significant mortality reductions following a single HPV or VIA screen [43, 45] have been demonstrated in randomised trials. Large-scale opportunistic screening with VIA is ongoing in routine health services nationally or regionally in Bangladesh [47], India [40], Indonesia [48] and Thailand [49]. Since screening programmes are not common, facilities for diagnosing and treating high-grade cervical intraepithelial neoplasia (CIN) using techniques such as colposcopy, cryotherapy, cold coagulation and loop electrosurgical excision procedure (LEEP) are extremely limited in many regions of Asia. Integrating implementation of HPV vaccination of 9 to 13-year-old girls and providing cervical screening commencing at age 30, preferably with HPV testing (at least a single screen or repeated at 10-year intervals for two to three rounds) is a pragmatic way of providing population-based cervical cancer prevention services in low-income and middle-income Asian countries. HPV vaccination will eventually result in a cohort of women at very low risk of cervical cancer, while the low-intensity screening will provide prevention services for older women not covered or protected by vaccination.
In high-income Asian countries such as Singapore, South Korea and Hong Kong, where widespread mammography screening and improved access to recent advances in treatment are available, more than 70% of breast cancers are diagnosed at stages 1 and 2, and overall breast cancer survival rates exceed 85% [19, 20, 27, 50, 51]. However, population-based mammography screening is neither feasible or cost effective in most Asian countries, given the considerable healthcare resources required for providing mammography and reporting and investigation of screen-positive women, and the resulting increased diagnostic and treatment demands [52, 53]. The efficacy of organised clinical breast examination (CBE) screening programmes involving asymptomatic women in reducing breast cancer mortality is not yet known [53, 54]. It was clear that the demands of diagnosis following CBE screening could not be met in a CBE screening trial in the Philippines, which is a lower-middle-income country, due to difficulties in access, and the study was abandoned [55]. It is not advisable to organise routine population-based organised CBE screening programmes until its effectiveness over and above routine healthcare has been established in randomised trials, and health service accessibility has improved [53, 54]. However, opportunistic CBE and prompt referral of women with suspected breast lumps and other signs should be provided in primary care clinics in all Asian countries. The impact of such initiatives should be documented by trends in breast cancer stages in hospitals.
The current high-risk Asian countries for CRC are high-income countries with well-developed health services that can sustain organised screening based on faecal occult blood testing (FOBT) and colonoscopy triage of screen-positive persons. Widespread FOBT screening and colonoscopy triage of screen-positive individuals has been on going in Japan, Singapore, South Korea and Hong Kong over the last two decades. CRC mortality has started declining, despite increasing incidence in these countries, as a consequence of improved early detection through screening and improved access to surgery and adjuvant chemotherapy [56]. However, further efforts should be made for these programmes to fully evolve with satisfactory coverage and inputs that can ensure further substantial reductions in CRC incidence in high-risk countries. Recently, the feasibility of introducing CRC screening was demonstrated in a pilot programme in Lampang province in Thailand [57].
Oral precancerous lesions and early preclinical oral cancers can be detected by oral visual screening by doctors, nurses and health workers. Oral visual screening has been shown to be effective and cost effective in reducing oral cancer mortality among users of tobacco and/or alcohol in a randomised trial in India, supporting the introduction of population-based oral cancer screening in high-risk individuals in high-incidence countries [40, 58, 59].
High-risk Asian countries such as the Republic of Korea and Japan have introduced large-scale stomach cancer screening programmes, despite the paucity of evidence to support stomach cancer screening in the general population. In an analysis of around 2.7 million persons who underwent either upper gastrointestinal series (UGIS) radiological imaging or endoscopy screening, the positivity rates were 4.0% and 4.3% respectively; the interval cancer rates within 1 year of a negative screen were similar (1.2/1,000 negative screens) with both screening approaches. The sensitivity of UGIS and endoscopy in detecting stomach cancer was 36.7% and 69.0% respectively, indicating endoscopy performed better overall than UGIS [60]. However, data on the impact of endoscopy screening on gastric cancer mortality is lacking, and the assessment of the utility of such screening approaches should take into account the feasibility, costs involved and reduction in mortality.
Population-based screening for lung cancer with spiral computed tomography (CT) is not recommended for Asian countries, given the uncertainty about harms from screening and the generalisability the results of the Western randomised trials, and the cumbersome, non-feasible screening methods [61] for stomach (barium meal photofluorography, serum pepsinogen estimation, endoscopy), oesophagus (cytology-based on non-endoscopic cell sampling methods, endoscopy) and liver (serum α-fetoprotein, ultrasonography) cancer are not recommended due to lack of efficacy data, limited access to endoscopy equipment and limited expertise in mass screening [62–64]. Prostate cancer testing using prostate-specific antigen (PSA) is not recommended for Asian countries due to the significant harms associated with overdiagnosis and overtreatment, the inability of the PSA test to differentiate between indolent and lethal prostate cancer, and lack of mortality reduction following screening [65].
Early diagnosis and appropriate treatment to improve survival outcomes
Cancer health services in terms of access to clinical care, referral, endoscopy, histopathology, surgery, radiotherapy, chemotherapy and palliative care should be strengthened in all low-income and middle-income countries to provide basic diagnosis and treatment services for patients with cancer. More than 70% of cancers in low-income and middle-income Asian countries are now diagnosed in locally advanced clinical stages, with overall 5-year survival being less than 50% [19, 20]. Low awareness, delay in seeking diagnosis after symptoms, advanced clinical stages and a significant proportion of patients not accessing care or not completing treatment, due to poorly developed and poorly accessible healthcare services or unaffordability due to socioeconomic factors, are principal reasons for the observed low cancer survival in low-income and middle-income Asian countries [19, 20, 66]. However, the high survival for many cancers observed in Japan, Singapore, South Korea, Hong Kong SAR and Taiwan reflect the impact of better organised and developed cancer health services. Therefore, it is apparent that improving cancer awareness, improving access to adequate health services, early detection and prompt treatment are the major public health and clinical approaches to improve survival and to prevent premature deaths from cancer.
Early stage breast cancers with small tumours (5 cm or less, T1 or T2 disease) and absence of axillary lymph node metastasis (N0 disease) and the recent advances in locoregional and systemic adjuvant treatments are associated with improved long-term survival [19, 20, 67]. Low breast cancer awareness, inadequate pathology services for diagnosis and staging and fragmented treatment were identified as the biggest challenges in breast cancer control in low-income countries in a recent consensus paper from the Breast Health Global Initiative [66]. Given the increasing burden of breast cancer in Asia, investments must be made in public healthcare infrastructures. These investments should ideally improve breast cancer awareness, ensure prompt referrals from primary care and rapid diagnosis and treatment. Healthcare services should have adequate facilities for triple diagnosis involving clinical breast examination, diagnostic imaging (mammography and/or ultrasonography) and fine needle aspiration cytology (FNAC) or excision biopsy, histopathology services, including testing for hormone receptors by immunohistochemistry, and locoregional and systemic treatment by surgery, radiotherapy and adjuvant chemotherapies, hormone therapies, and follow-up care [66]. All women with invasive breast cancer in all Asian countries should be tested for oestrogen receptor (ER) and progesterone receptor (PR) status in order that they can have therapies tailored to them. For instance, women with ER-positive breast cancers have a better prognosis and are candidates for hormone therapy [66, 68]. Improved breast cancer awareness and access to effective diagnosis and treatment played an important role in improving early diagnosis and survival in high-income countries before the introduction of widespread mammography screening [69–71]. Improving surgical and radiotherapy facilities and the feasibility to administer systemic therapies in health services will increase breast cancer survival significantly in many Asian countries [19, 20, 66].
Surgery is the mainstay in the treatment of patients with stage 0 to 1 CRC, whereas both surgery and adjuvant chemotherapy are indicated in the management of stage 2 and 3 CRC. Treatment of early clinical stages is associated with excellent prognosis: 5-year survival for stages 1 and 2 CRC exceed 90% and 80%, respectively and ranges between 30% to 60% for stage 3 and less than 10% for stage 4 in Japan [72, 73]. However, 5-year survival rates are much lower in low-income and middle-income countries such as India, China, Philippines and Thailand in Asia, ranging between 6% to 40% [19, 20]. However, in high-income Asian countries, 5-year survival increased from 54.8% between 1993 to 1995 to 72.6% between 2006 to 2010 in South Korea [50], and it exceeds 60% in Singapore [27], due to early detection and better access to treatment. The increasing incidence of CRC in Asia and the improved prognosis in countries with well-developed health services such as South Korea and Singapore underscore the need to improve public healthcare infrastructures to support FOBT screening, colonoscopy, staging and treatment of CRC efficiently.
Improving access to surgery, radiotherapy and chemotherapy is critical for improving survival outcomes from several epithelial cancers such as head and neck, colorectal, stomach, ovarian and endometrial cancers. Oral visual inspection can lead to early diagnosis of oral cancer in users of tobacco and/or alcohol; endoscopy in high-risk individuals can lead to early diagnosis of oesophageal and stomach cancers. Regular clinical assessment using α-fetoprotein (AFP) and ultrasonography every 6 to 12 months in high-risk subjects with HBV and HCV infection, cirrhosis and alcohol drinkers should be considered in high-risk countries for the early diagnosis of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC), when lesions are small and easier to treat with improved survival. Improving infrastructure and trained human resources in surgical techniques such as endoscopic mucosal and submucosal dissection [74–77], radiofrequency ablation and transcathetral arterial embolisation [78–81] should be considered for treatment of early oesophageal, stomach and liver cancers.
Lymphomas and leukaemia are major lymphoreticular neoplasms for which accurate diagnosis, typing, staging and optimum treatment are important strategies for disease control. In the case of non-Hodgkin lymphoma, which shows an increasing trend in incidence in Asia [8] assignment to subgroups such as indolent, aggressive, or acute leukaemia-like disease based on expected natural history is critical to guide both the urgency and nature of the primary treatment. Whereas a watch-and-wait policy of observation until the development of symptoms has been proposed for patients with indolent lymphomas, aggressive forms of lymphoma require immediate treatment [82–84]; after primary treatment, transformation to more aggressive types must be recognised and appropriately managed. Accurate histological subtyping and staging of Hodgkin’s lymphoma is critical for adequate management: patients with early stage disease are treated with short courses of combination chemotherapy followed by involved field radiotherapy, or with total nodal radiotherapy alone, whereas those with advanced stages are managed with long courses of combination chemotherapy. Successful treatment of acute lymphocytic leukaemia involves control of systemic and sanctuary site disease with combination chemotherapy, intrathecal chemotherapy or cranial radiotherapy. Treatment of acute myeloid leukaemia involves combination chemotherapy to control systemic and bone marrow disease. The high rate of treatment abandonment, due to unaffordability and patients living long distances from facilities, the inability to provide optimum treatment due to unavailability of medication, and treatment-related complications due to inadequate supportive care, limit the survival prospects of patients with lymphoreticular neoplasms [19, 20, 85, 86]. Given the growing burden of these cancers, health service investments in accurate staging, immunohistochemistry, radiotherapy and essential chemotherapeutic drugs are critical to their improved control.
Palliative care services are in transition and steadily growing, with a trend away from palliative care units towards palliative care teams and home care. Whereas it was once seen as the limited treatment of patients with terminal conditions, palliative care involving management of cancer pain and other symptoms due to advanced cancer is increasingly becoming integrated into mainstream treatment in all countries [87]. WHO proposed a three-step analgesic ‘ladder’ approach in 1986 as a framework for cancer pain relief in the following order: use of non-opioids (aspirin and paracetamol) and, then as necessary, mild opioids such as codeine, and then strong opioids such as morphine or tramadol or methadone until pain is relieved [88]. It recommended that drugs should be given round the clock every 2 to 6 h, rather than ‘on demand’, and adjuvant drugs may be added for effective pain relief. Lack of availability or underuse of opioids has limited its application in many Asian countries.
However, palliative care is more than pain relief and availability of oral morphine, since most patients with advanced cancer develop diverse symptoms undermining their quality of life. Relief of specific symptoms by judicious use of debulking surgery, radiotherapy and chemotherapy are particularly important: pain relief from bone and brain metastases, preventing impending paraplegia from spine metastases by palliative radiotherapy, and relief of symptoms of superior mediastinal obstruction by palliative chemotherapy or radiotherapy are some specific examples. The availability of palliative care services across Asian countries is widely variable and sustained development of these services have evolved in few high-income, and high-middle-income countries such as Japan and Turkey and in certain provinces in India such as Kerala [89–92]. Major barriers for the development of palliative care services in Asian countries include opioid phobia among professionals and narcotic control agencies, inadequate training programmes, lack of awareness and lack of understanding of palliative care needs at professional, policy and public levels, and lack of resources and of integration into mainstream health services and education. Palliative care education of general medical practitioners and nurses and development of home care are critically important to provide basic palliative care in several Asian countries.
Improving cancer health services: who is responsible?
The key components of a well-functioning health system that provides equitable access to cancer prevention and control services are given in Table 5[18].
Adequate development of the various components of cancer health services given in Table 5 requires national political commitment to reform and invest in a phased manner. National governments are principally responsible for planning and implementing national cancer plans in a time-bound manner, linked with committed budget lines.
Carefully planned public/voluntary sector/private sector partnerships and phased development of healthcare financing involving government-sponsored social security schemes, universal health coverage and industrial sector and alignment of donor funds to national planning can lead to development cancer health services in LMICs in due course. Healthcare services in most Asian LMICs need to undergo a far-reaching reform process leading to radical changes in the provision and financing of healthcare services, as has been the case in countries such as Thailand and Turkey through the Health Transformation Program [93, 94]. With the exception of Brunei, Japan, Korea, Malaysia, Singapore, Taiwan, Turkey and Thailand, most healthcare systems in Central East and South Asia provide very little financial risk protection and the role of public prepaid systems such as social health insurance is minimal, and catastrophic out-of-pocket payment is a major source of financing [94]. The governments in many Asian LMICs will need to double, triple, or quadruple their annual investment in healthcare infrastructure to improve healthcare services. Health service financing through social security schemes covering vulnerable segments of the population, schemes financed through employers, and employees and general health insurance schemes and adaptive pricing strategies for essential diagnostics, drugs and treatments can improve access to essential cancer diagnosis and treatment services, as has been shown in Thailand and Turkey [93, 94].
Thailand investing 4.1% of GDP in healthcare (which is less than half of the OECD average of 9.9%) has achieved Universal Health Coverage (UHC) since 2002 (formerly known as the 30 Baht scheme to have preventive care and to treat all diseases including cancer in which the participant pays US$1 to enter healthcare services for a health problem), representing a source of inspiration for other LMICs in Asia. Currently countries such as Bangladesh, India, Philippines, Indonesia and Vietnam are working towards developing UHC.
The above description of existing and emerging cancer patterns in Asia calls for a wide variety of interventions to reduce the burden of disease. This includes balanced investments in awareness and educational efforts targeting the general population and primary care practitioners, focused primary prevention efforts such as HBV vaccination, HPV vaccination, tobacco control measures and promotion of physical activity and healthy diets, vertical investment in strengthening cancer healthcare infrastructure and in augmenting trained human resources to provide cancer prevention, early detection, treatment and follow-up as well as palliative care services. Cancer healthcare services are poorly developed and organised in vast regions of Asia, particularly in rural areas of large countries such as China, India, Indonesia, Pakistan, Philippines and Bangladesh and in low-income countries such as Nepal, Laos, Cambodia, and Yemen, among others. Early detection and treatment of common cancers result in considerable savings in treatment costs; diagnosis of advanced stages of breast, colon, stomach, liver, lung and thyroid cancers was associated with 1.8 to 2.5-fold higher costs than early cancers in South Korea [95].
Awareness of the symptoms and signs of common cancers, empowering primary care practitioners in clinical suspicion and appropriate referral of patients with suspected cancer and early clinical diagnosis among patients who are symptomatic is a universally important early detection approach throughout Asia. However, introduction of organised screening programmes should be undertaken carefully and in a phased manner only when the organisation, resources and infrastructure within the wider public health infrastructure is adequate to support the demands for screening and expectations of clients. There is a great need to optimally improve the diagnostic infrastructure, comprising pathology, imaging and endoscopy services, in many regions. The capacity to provide optimum surgery, radiotherapy and chemotherapy and hormonal therapy services in public health services in many countries is far from satisfactory, and needs to be augmented in a phased manner. Development of capacity and resources to provide minimally invasive surgery, such as endoscopic resection for early digestive tract malignancies, requires particular attention. National and regional policies, uniform diagnosis and treatment policies for common cancers will improve the quality and cost effectiveness of care and will avoid overtreatment and use of inappropriate expensive treatment regimes, particularly chemotherapy. The need to provide basic essential chemotherapy and hormone therapy to treat common forms of cancers in public health services is clearly more important than using expensive targeted therapies at the expense of more essential drugs. Development of a set of minimal health system performance indicators covering prevention, screening, diagnosis, treatment, palliative care, patient experience and research can contribute to improving cancer health services in all Asian countries. The above initiatives require political commitment and the recognition of the fact that cancer is an important public health problem in Asia.
AFB:
Aflatoxin B1
AFP:
ASR W:
Age-standardised rate (standardised to world standard population)
CBE:
Clinical breast examination
CIN:
DALY:
Disability-adjusted life-years
FNAC:
Fine needle aspiration cytology
FOBT:
Faecal occult blood testing
GDP:
GNI:
HBV:
HCV:
HDI:
Human development index
HL:
Hong Kong SAR:
Hong Kong Special Administrative Region
HPV:
LEEP:
Loop electrosurgical excision procedure
LMICs:
Low- and middle-income countries
Macao SAR:
Macao Special Administrative Region
NHL:
PSA:
UHC:
Visual inspection with acetic acid.
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The authors gratefully acknowledge Mrs. Evelyn Bayle, Ms. Sandrine Montigny and Mrs. Krittika Guinot for their assistance in the preparation of this manuscript.
The International Agency for Research on Cancer, 150 Cours Albert Thomas, 69372, Lyon, Cedex 08, France
Rengaswamy Sankaranarayanan
Regional Cancer Centre, PO Box 2417, Trivandrum, 695011, Kerala State, India
Kunnambath Ramadas
Department of Cancer Epidemiology, Cancer Institute, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, 100021, China
You-lin Qiao
Search for Rengaswamy Sankaranarayanan in:
Search for Kunnambath Ramadas in:
Search for You-lin Qiao in:
Correspondence to Rengaswamy Sankaranarayanan.
RS wrote the first draft of the manuscript, to which KR and YQ made contributions. Subsequent drafts were revised by all authors. All authors read and approved the final manuscript.
Authors’ original file for figure 10
Open Access This article is published under license to BioMed Central Ltd. This is an Open Access article is distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution 2.0 International License (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/2.0), which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.
Sankaranarayanan, R., Ramadas, K. & Qiao, Y. Managing the changing burden of cancer in Asia. BMC Med 12, 3 (2014) doi:10.1186/1741-7015-12-3
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1186/1741-7015-12-3
Cancer burden
Clinical implication
Medicine for Global Health
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Are weekend inpatient rehabilitation services value for money? An economic evaluation alongside a randomized controlled trial with a 30 day follow up
Natasha Kareem Brusco1,2,
Jennifer J Watts3,
Nora Shields1,4 &
Nicholas F Taylor1,5
BMC Medicine volume 12, Article number: 89 (2014) Cite this article
Providing additional Saturday rehabilitation can improve functional independence and health related quality of life at discharge and it may reduce patient length of stay, yet the economic implications are not known. The aim of this study was to determine from a health service perspective if the provision of rehabilitation to inpatients on a Saturday in addition to Monday to Friday was cost effective compared to Monday to Friday rehabilitation alone.
Cost utility and cost effectiveness analyses were undertaken alongside a multi-center, single-blind randomized controlled trial with a 30-day follow up after discharge. Participants were adults admitted for inpatient rehabilitation in two publicly funded metropolitan rehabilitation facilities. The control group received usual care rehabilitation services from Monday to Friday and the intervention group received usual care plus an additional rehabilitation service on Saturday. Incremental cost utility ratio was reported as cost per quality adjusted life year (QALY) gained and an incremental cost effectiveness ratio (ICER) was reported as cost for a minimal clinically important difference (MCID) in functional independence.
996 patients (mean age 74 (standard deviation 13) years) were randomly assigned to the intervention (n = 496) or the control group (n = 500). Mean difference in cost of AUD$1,673 (95% confidence interval (CI) -271 to 3,618) was a saving in favor of the intervention group. The incremental cost utility ratio found a saving of AUD$41,825 (95% CI -2,817 to 74,620) per QALY gained for the intervention group. The ICER found a saving of AUD$16,003 (95% CI -3,074 to 87,361) in achieving a MCID in functional independence for the intervention group. If the willingness to pay per QALY gained or for a MCID in functional independence was zero dollars the probability of the intervention being cost effective was 96% and 95%, respectively. A sensitivity analysis removing Saturday penalty rates did not significantly alter the outcome.
From a health service perspective, the provision of rehabilitation to inpatients on a Saturday in addition to Monday to Friday, compared to Monday to Friday rehabilitation alone, is likely to be cost saving per QALY gained and for a MCID in functional independence.
Australian and New Zealand Clinical Trials Registry November 2009 ACTRN12609000973213
There is debate about the potential advantages to the health system and broader community of providing health services on the weekend, such as those provided in intensive care and emergency departments [1, 2]. The proposed advantages of providing weekend health services include improved clinical outcomes for patients [1] and fewer adverse events among those admitted on the weekend [3]. Resistance to providing weekend health services exists because of a lack of robust evidence that weekend services are safe and effective, opposition among health care professionals to embrace working on the weekend, and concerns that the health system needs to ensure weekday services (such as outpatient clinics and surgical lists) operate at full capacity before these services are expanded to the weekend [2].
Rehabilitation is an important part of the health system and involves specialized, coordinated, multidisciplinary care to restore functional independence in patients [4]. There is evidence that more intensive rehabilitation improves patient quality of life, functional independence and reduces length of stay [5]. Similarly, there is evidence that providing additional rehabilitation services on weekends improves patient quality of life, functional independence and is likely to reduce length of stay [6]. This may be related to increased physical activity among patients who received weekend rehabilitation services, reduced functional decline over the weekend because of increased physical activity, or changes in patient perceptions of no longer associating weekends with rest [6]. However, in spite of the available evidence, many rehabilitation facilities do not provide weekend services [7–9].
Before weekend rehabilitation services can be implemented routinely into practice it is important to find out whether they are cost effective from the perspective of the health service. Studies are needed to investigate if the increased cost of a weekend rehabilitation service is offset by savings within the inpatient episode of care. Economic evaluations of additional weekday inpatient rehabilitation programs have shown a lower cost per patient admission [10–12], but it is not known if providing weekend rehabilitation services is cost effective, especially since factors such as weekend penalty rates for clinical staff may make provision of such a service more expensive. In the debate on whether to provide weekend health services, the issue of who will pay and whether providing such services is cost effective is central [1, 2].
The aim of this study was to undertake cost utility and cost effectiveness analyses alongside a multi-center, single-blinded randomized controlled trial with concealed allocation. The primary research question was to determine from a health service perspective if the provision of a rehabilitation service to inpatients on a Saturday in addition to Monday to Friday compared to Monday to Friday rehabilitation alone, was cost effective per quality adjusted life year (QALY) gained and for a minimal clinically important difference (MCID) in functional independence.
An economic evaluation was completed alongside a single-blinded randomized controlled trial that examined both the clinical effects and costs of providing a rehabilitation service (physiotherapy and occupational therapy) to inpatients on a Saturday in addition to Monday to Friday compared to Monday to Friday rehabilitation alone, for a mixed adult cohort of patients admitted for inpatient rehabilitation. The evaluation was completed from a health service perspective. The trial was registered with the Australian and New Zealand Clinical Trials Registry (ACTRN12609000973213) prior to patient recruitment. Full details of the protocol [13] as well as the clinical outcomes of the trial [6] have been published elsewhere. This economic evaluation report has been prepared with reference to the Consolidated Health Economic Evaluation Reporting Standards (CHEERS) Checklist (Additional file 1, [14]). The trial obtained ethics approval from the Eastern Health Research and Ethics Committee (E58 09/10) and La Trobe University Human Research Ethics Committee (FHEC10/14). All participants gave informed written consent.
Participants randomized to the intervention group received a rehabilitation service on a Saturday in addition to usual care Monday to Friday rehabilitation compared to the control group who received usual care Monday to Friday rehabilitation alone. Usual care typically consisted of interventions focused on task-specific training and discharge planning for independent living in the community. Patients were scheduled to receive about one hour of physiotherapy and one hour of occupational therapy each weekday as well as full nursing, medical and other allied health services. Over the weekend, usual care included full nursing care and a limited medical service to address high priority medical needs. In addition to usual care, the intervention group received rehabilitation therapy on a Saturday. They were scheduled to receive an hour each of physiotherapy and occupational therapy. Additional physiotherapy and occupational therapy were provided because they are the most frequent forms of therapy intervention during inpatient rehabilitation [15–17], with most inpatients at the included rehabilitation centers receiving daily physiotherapy and occupational therapy services on weekdays. To ensure continuity, the content of therapy provided at the weekend was decided by the participant’s usual weekday therapist and provided by a written handover.
Participants and recruitment
From July 2010 until June 2011, eligible participants who were 18-years-old or older and admitted to one of two rehabilitation facilities were invited to participate. Patients with any orthopedic, neurological or other disabling condition were included. Patients were excluded if they did not give informed consent, were admitted for slow stream geriatric rehabilitation or if they were participating in another intervention trial.
Patients were randomized to the intervention or the control group using a concealed method, with 1:1 allocation. The block allocation sequence was generated electronically and assignments concealed in sequentially numbered, sealed, opaque envelopes. Only after the participant was enrolled in the trial and had completed baseline testing was group assignment made by opening the next envelope in the sequence.
Based on one of the primary outcome measures (length of stay) from a pilot study [18], a sample size of 712 participants was estimated [13]. To recruit this number of participants a recruitment period of 18 months was anticipated.
The trial took place at two publicly funded metropolitan inpatient rehabilitation facilities with a combined total of 90 rehabilitation beds (providing multidisciplinary inpatient rehabilitation services in Melbourne, Australia). Prior to being accepted for inpatient rehabilitation, patients are typically assessed in an acute hospital as being able to participate actively in rehabilitation with the expectation that they will improve sufficiently to return to independent living in the community.
Health service and therapy utilization
Patient length of stay for the rehabilitation admission was measured as the number of overnight stays in the rehabilitation unit, from the day of admission until the day of discharge, inclusive of any transfers to an acute ward to manage medical conditions. Any unplanned readmissions to the health service in the 30 day period immediately post discharge from rehabilitation were also recorded and included in the total length of stay. This period was considered relevant in the economic evaluation as readmissions account for a significant portion of all health care expenses and one third of all hospital readmissions are within one month of discharge [19].
Time units for utilization of allied health services during the rehabilitation admission were recorded on the hospital database. This captured Monday to Friday and Saturday interventions for physiotherapy and occupational therapy. Data source, unit definition and unit cost for each of these resources included in the economic evaluation are specified in Table 1.
Table 1 Costs included in the economic evaluation in 2010/2011 $AUD
Cost of inpatient rehabilitation
Cost data were collected from the health service and covered two financial years; 2010/2011 and 2011/2012. Data from the 2011/2012 financial year (6% of sample) were discounted at a rate of 3.5%, consistent with the corresponding national Consumer Price Index [21], so all data are reported in 2010/2011 Australian dollars (AUD$).
Total cost included the cost of the rehabilitation admission, acute care costs during the rehabilitation admission, and the cost of any readmission during the 30 day period post discharge from rehabilitation (Table 1). Cost data were obtained from the inpatient clinical costing system from each site. However, as an average cost is used to attribute costs to all components of care (which would not take account of the higher costs of Saturday allied health services), the allied health and nursing components were modelled for each participant based on the actual utilization of these services. For physiotherapy and occupational therapy, the time unit was a minute and the unit cost the rate per minute for a therapist (mid-range seniority, inclusive of 25% on-costs). For all other allied health and nursing costs, the total length of stay was multiplied by a per diem rate. The costs for weekend therapy services were increased by 25% to allow for penalty loading. These costs were substituted into the clinical costing data so that a modelled totalled cost could be determined for each participant. Capital costs were included based on the length of stay for the ward component and on a daily rate for each day of use for the physiotherapy and occupational therapy departmental space.
Outcomes measures for inpatient rehabilitation
The EuroQol (EQ-5D-3L) questionnaire [22] was converted to a health related quality of life utility score using UK utility weights based on the time trade-off (TTO) method [23, 24]. Functional independence was measured using the FIM [25] administered by credentialed assessors. FIM scores can range from 18 (lowest function) to 126 (highest function). An increase in the FIM score of 22 points is considered to be a MCID in functional independence [26]. Both outcome measures were administered on admission (baseline) and on discharge from rehabilitation by assessors blind to group allocation.
Outcome and cost data were analyzed according to the intention-to-treat (ITT) principle with multiple imputation used to account for missing outcome data [27–29] but was not required for cost data. Between group differences in the quality of life utility score and the functional independence score were calculated with analysis of covariance (ANCOVA) of the discharge score using the baseline score as covariate [28, 29]. Mean cost difference was determined between the two groups using an independent t-test to report statistical significance [30]. Incremental cost effectiveness ratios (ICERs) were determined for both the quality of life utility score and the functional independence score using adjusted mean differences between groups from admission to discharge, derived from ANCOVA for outcomes and the mean difference between groups for cost.
Confidence intervals around the individual ICERs for the quality of life utility score and the functional independence score were calculated using the bootstrap method (5,000 repetitions), the change in outcome measures from admission to discharge and total cost [31]. Individual ICERs were used to generate the confidence ellipses and the cost effectiveness acceptability curves (CEACs), using the central limit theorem [31]. CEACs illustrate the probability that the intervention was cost effective compared to the control group, across a range of willingness to pay values per QALY gained and for the MCID in functional independence. While the ellipses provide important information relating to the statistical significance of the individual intervention under review, the CEACs provide a broader universal measure that allows comparison between interventions.
The ICER for the quality of life utility score represents the cost per QALY gained. The ICER for a one point change in the functional independence score was multiplied to report the cost difference for a 22 point change in the functional independence score, representing the cost difference for a MCID in functional independence. The likelihood of achieving a 22 point MCID in functional independence was reported as a relative risk (RR) between groups. The rate of change per day was calculated for quality of life utility and functional independence scores by taking the difference between admission and discharge for each outcome and dividing by each patient’s length of stay. Patient readmissions 30 days post discharge from rehabilitation were reported as a relative risk (RR) between groups.
Analyses were completed using IBM SPSS Statistics Version 21 [32] and customized software in Microsoft Excel [31]. All statistical tests were conducted at 5% level of significance and 95% confidence intervals (CI) unless otherwise stated.
A sensitivity analysis was performed by removing the penalty loading for Saturday physiotherapy and occupational therapy wage rates. The reason for this is because the working week and the weekend may differ by country, for example in some settings and cultures Saturday is regarded as a normal working day [33]. Consideration was given to including a sensitivity analysis based on inflation rates. However, this was not completed as 94% of the cost data fell within 2010/2011 financial year.
A total of 996 patients were randomized to the control group (n = 500) or the intervention group (n = 496) with the flow of the patients through the trial reported elsewhere [6]. Recruitment rates were higher than originally expected and the project steering committee decided to stop recruitment earlier than planned as it appeared that the target sample size would be reached prior to 18 months. Without any interim analyses being performed, it was decided to stop recruitment at 12 months.
Patients had a mean age of 74 years (standard deviation (SD) 13) and 631 (63%) were women. The groups appeared similar for diagnosis and co-morbidities (Table 2). There were some missing data for the EQ-5D-3L questionnaire at baseline (n = 54, 5%) and at discharge (n = 94, 9%). The main reason for missing EQ-5D-3L data was reduced patient cognition. There was also a small amount of missing data for functional independence score at baseline (n = 1, <1%) and discharge (n = 4, <1%).
Table 2 Baseline characteristics
Participants in the intervention group received on average an additional 53 minutes of rehabilitation therapy (95% CI 31.0 to 74.1) per week compared to the control group (Table 3).
Table 3 Mean (SD) of groups and mean (95% CI) difference between groups for health service utilization
Mean hospital length of stay during the initial rehabilitation admission and subsequent admissions in the 30 day period post discharge from rehabilitation was 25.8 days (SD 25.1) for the intervention group and 28.7 days (SD 32.2) for the control group, with a mean difference of -2.9 days (95% CI -6.5 to 0.7) in favor of the intervention group (Table 3).
The initial rehabilitation admission was 21.2 days (SD 15.7) for the intervention group and 23.1 days (SD 20.2) for the control group, with a mean difference of -1.9 days (95% CI -4.1 to 0.4) in favor of the intervention group. In the 30 day period post discharge from rehabilitation, readmission average length of stay was 4.6 days (SD 16.2) in the intervention group compared to 5.6 days (SD 18.9) in the control group, with a mean difference of -1.0 day (95% CI -3.2 to 1.2) in favor of the intervention group (Table 3). There was no difference in the 30 day readmission rate between groups (RR = 1.01, 95% CI 0.95 to 1.07), with 19% (n = 92) of the patients in the intervention group and 19% (n = 95) of the patients in the control group readmitted during this period.
The mean total cost of the rehabilitation episode (including 30 day readmission costs) was $15,859 (SD 13,992) for the intervention group and $17,532 (SD 17,108) for the control group, with a mean cost difference of -$1,673 (95% CI -3,618 to 271) in favor of the intervention group (Table 4).
Table 4 Mean (SD) of groups and mean (95% CI) difference between groups for health service costs
The initial rehabilitation admission cost was on average $13,320 (SD 9,894) for the intervention group and $14,275 (SD 11,945) for the control group, with a mean cost difference of -$955 (95% CI -2,320 to 409) in favor of the intervention group. In the 30 day period post discharge from rehabilitation, the average cost of admissions back to the health service was $2,539 (SD 8,252) for the intervention group and $3,257 (SD 9,711) for the control group, with a mean cost difference of -$718 (95% CI -1,839 to 403) in favor of the intervention group (Table 4).
Participants in the intervention group had a significantly higher change in their health related quality of life utility index score between admission and discharge compared to the control group (mean difference 0.04, 95% CI 0.01 to 0.07) (Table 5) and the mean rate of change per day was also significantly higher compared to the control group (mean difference 0.004, 95% CI 0.001 to 0.008). Participants in the intervention group also had a significantly higher change in functional independence score between admission and discharge (mean difference 2.3, 95% CI 0.5 to 4.1) compared to the control group (Table 5) and the mean rate of change per day was also significantly higher (mean difference 0.16, 95% CI 0.04 to 0.28) compared to the control group.
Table 5 Mean (SD) of groups and mean (95% CI) difference between groups for functional status and quality of life
Incremental cost effectiveness ratios
The incremental cost utility ratio showed a cost saving of $41,825 (95% CI -2,817 to 74,620) per QALY gained for the intervention group compared to the control group. The incremental cost effectiveness ratio showed a cost saving of $727 (95% CI -159 to 3,845) for a one point change in the functional independence score for the intervention group compared to the control group. This equates to a cost saving of $16,003 (95% CI -3,074 to 87,361) for a MCID in functional independence for the intervention group compared to the control group. To put these outcomes in context, patients in the intervention group were 17% more likely to achieve a MCID in functional independence (RR 1.17, 95%CI 1.03 to 1.34) at discharge compared to those in the control group.
The ICER ellipses for confidence intervals (50%, 75% and 95%) are presented in Figures 1 and 2 for a QALY gained and for a MCID gained in functional independence, respectively. The confidence ellipses show that all the 50% and 75% confidence intervals sit within the bottom right quadrant of the cost effectiveness plane and only a small portion of the 95% confidence ellipse falls in the upper right quadrant or the lower left hand quadrant [35].
Confidence ellipses for Monday to Saturday rehabilitation versus usual care Monday to Friday rehabilitation for the incremental cost (vertical axis AUD$2010/11) per quality adjusted life year (QALY) gained (horizontal axis).
Confidence ellipses for Monday to Saturday rehabilitation versus usual care Monday to Friday rehabilitation for the incremental cost (vertical axis AUD$2010/11) per minimal clinically important difference (MCID) in function gained (horizontal axis).
Cost effectiveness acceptability curve
Figures 3 and 4 illustrate the cost effectiveness acceptability curves which show the willingness to pay values for a QALY gained (Figure 3) and for a MCID gained in functional independence (Figure 4). Both curves are relatively flat and show that with 99.3% certainty the willingness to pay for a QALY gained would be $13,000 and at 99.4% certainty the willingness to pay for a MCID gained in functional independence would be $10,000. Expressed another way, if the willingness to pay for a QALY gained or a MCID in functional independence was zero dollars then the probability of the intervention being cost effective is 96% and 95%, respectively.
Cost effectiveness acceptability curve for Monday to Saturday rehabilitation versus usual care Monday to Friday rehabilitation for the probability of cost effectiveness (vertical axis) versus a range of cost effectiveness willingness to pay values (AUD$2010/2011) per quality adjusted life year (QALY) gained (horizontal axis).
Cost effectiveness acceptability curve for Monday to Saturday rehabilitation versus usual care Monday to Friday rehabilitation for the probability of cost effectiveness (vertical axis) versus a range of cost effectiveness willingness to pay values (AUD$2010/2011) per minimal clinically important difference (MCID) in function gained (horizontal axis).
Removing the penalty loading for Saturday therapy staff, the health service cost during the initial rehabilitation admission and subsequent admissions in the 30 day period post discharge from rehabilitation was on average $15,824 (SD 13,970) for the intervention group and $17,532 (SD 17,108) for the control group, with a mean difference of -$1,708 (95% CI -3,651 to 235) in favor of the intervention group. This did not alter the results of the primary analysis.
Our results show a significant improvement in both outcome measures (EQ-5D-3L utility score and FIM functional score) as well as a difference in costs in favor of the provision of a rehabilitation service to inpatients on a Saturday in addition to Monday to Friday compared to Monday to Friday usual care rehabilitation alone. The confidence interval ellipses for the ICERs show that all the 50%, 75%, and most of the 95% confidence intervals fall within the bottom right hand quadrant suggesting that the intervention is likely to be dominant over the comparator of usual care. Therefore, from a health service perspective, the provision of a rehabilitation service to inpatients on a Saturday in addition to Monday to Friday compared to Monday to Friday rehabilitation alone, is likely to be cost saving per QALY gained and for a MCID gained in functional independence.
The National Institute for Health and Clinical Excellence (NICE) in the UK [36] reports a cost effectiveness threshold range of £20,000 (AUD$34,200) to £30,000 (AUD$51,400) per QALY gained [36] and there are similar values reported in Australia for the Australian Pharmaceutical Benefits Advisory Committee [37]. The results of this clinical trial report an average cost saving of over AUD$40,000 per QALY gained, in contrast to the above mentioned willingness to pay per QALY gained. If the willingness to pay in this study was AUD$50,000 per QALY gained or per MCID gained in functional independence, the probability of cost effectiveness in the intervention group approached 100%. Our results are consistent with a recent systematic review that reported a more intensive inpatient rehabilitation service can result in reduced cost to the health service, while improving patient outcomes [10].
This economic evaluation may have important implications for health services that offer inpatient rehabilitation, with potential to reduce costs per admission, improve patient outcomes and improve patient access. When considering the health service perspective, it is reported that in the inpatient rehabilitation setting the patient length of stay is the largest contributor to health care costs [38, 39]. This may explain the likely reduction in cost for the intervention group, with an observed three day reduction in patient length of stay, over the rehabilitation admission and the 30 day readmission period. Policy makers may support this model of care with increased efficiency associated with cost savings, as it allows the same number of patient admissions to be managed at a lesser cost or may facilitate improved patient access to rehabilitation beds. This may lead to an improvement in the flow of patients through the health system and have a positive impact on the ‘bed block’ faced by acute wards [40, 41]. For example, a 30 bed rehabilitation unit with an average length of stay of 29 days would have approximately 380 annual admissions; if the average length of stay reduced to 26 days, then annual admissions could potentially increase to 420.
Despite these benefits, implementation of this model of care also needs to consider workforce redesign. Traditionally, allied health clinicians work Monday to Friday, so the clinicians providing rehabilitation services may be reluctant to change their work practices by working on the weekend [8]. This may be negated by penalty rates providing an incentive to work on weekends. We note that we did not have a problem staffing the service in our clinical trial. Another issue for implementation involves who will pay and who will make the savings. This is about the redistribution of resources across budgets. Budget silos might mean that the costs will be incurred by allied health departments but the gains will be at the broader hospital level. If the funds come out of the smaller budgets of the departments providing the additional services (in this case physiotherapy or occupational therapy), it must be reconciled that these are not the budgets that accrue the overall savings generated at the hospital level.
The strengths of this economic evaluation are that it was completed alongside a blinded fully powered randomized controlled trial, it used an appropriate alternative intervention as 70% of Australian rehabilitation inpatient health services do not offer a weekend physiotherapy service [8], and it was reported according to the CHEERS checklist [see Additional file 1, [14]]. A limitation of this study includes the differing patient length of stay included in the calculation of health related quality of life and the functional status gained, because these measures were taken at admission and discharge from rehabilitation so that the mean change in clinical outcomes was for a different time period for each group. We have reported the mean change per day to address this limitation. In addition the calculation of incremental cost effectiveness ratios accounted for this variability since length of stay is the largest contributor to cost. While inclusion of patients with a cognitive impairment is considered a strength of this study, we are unable to report on the exact numbers of patients in this group. However, on admission to rehabilitation 5% (n = 54 of the 996 participants) did not complete the health related quality of life questionnaire and the main contributing factor was reduced cognition, as identified by the assessors. Other strengths of this study included access to complete clinical cost data on all patients across the two rehabilitation inpatient services, and inclusion of a range of rehabilitation diagnoses and patients with a language other than English as their first language. Therefore, we are confident that the results are generalizable across public acute phase inpatient rehabilitation settings. There were minor variations to the trial protocol. These included the use of multiple imputation rather than the carry forward technique for missing data, consistent with recent recommendations [27], as well as a reduced data collection period due to a higher than expected rate of participant recruitment. This study did not include the wider economic impact from a health system perspective during the rehabilitation inpatient admission, as well as the impact on the community once the patients are discharged from rehabilitation including return to work. As this economic evaluation did not use a health system perspective or report on long term economic outcomes post discharge, this warrants future research, which is planned.
From a health service perspective, the provision of a rehabilitation service to inpatients on a Saturday in addition to Monday to Friday compared to Monday to Friday rehabilitation alone, is likely to be cost saving per quality adjusted life year gained and per minimal clinically important difference gained in functional independence.
AUD$:
CEAC:
Consolidated Health Economic Evaluation Reporting Standards
EQ-5D-3L:
EuroQol
ICER:
incremental cost effectiveness ratio
intention to treat
MCID:
minimal clinically important difference
NICE:
National Institute for Health and Clinical Excellence
QALY:
quality adjusted life year
relative risk
TTO:
time trade-off.
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The pre-publication history for this paper can be accessed here:http://www.biomedcentral.com/1741-7015/12/89/prepub
We thank Victor Brusco for the development and ongoing maintenance of the primary database used throughout the clinical trial; the project officers (Casey Peiris, Renita Yap, Belinda Haines, Clarissa Koukounas and Glenys Harrison); the data entry and follow-up phone call assessors (Sarah Foster, Rhonda Povah, Haley Tkatchyk, and Tanya Johansen); as well as all the rehabilitation doctors (Genevieve Kennedy and Kwong Teo), physiotherapists, occupational therapists and allied health assistants at Angliss Hospital and Peter James Centre who supported this project.
This work was supported by NHMRC PhD scholarship for author Natasha K Brusco (Grant Number APP1017877) and by NHMRC Partnership Grant (Grant Number 541958) between Eastern Health and La Trobe University. These funding sources did not have a role in the clinical trial or economic evaluation design, data collection, analysis or interpretation; in the writing of the report; or in the decision to submit the article for publication. The researchers operated independent of the funding sources.
Physiotherapy Department, Faculty of Health Science, La Trobe University, Bundoora Campus, Bundoora, Victoria, 3086, Australia
Natasha Kareem Brusco
, Nora Shields
& Nicholas F Taylor
Physiotherapy Services, Cabrini Health, 183 Wattletree Road, Malvern, Victoria, 3144, Australia
Deakin Health Economics, School of Health and Social Development, Faculty of Health, Deakin University, 221 Burwood Highway, Burwood, Victoria, 3125, Australia
Jennifer J Watts
Northern Health, Department of Allied Health, 1231 Plenty Rd, Bundoora, Victoria, 3083, Australia
Nora Shields
Allied Health Clinical Research Office, Eastern Health, Level 2, 5 Arnold Street, Box Hill, Victoria, 3128, Australia
Nicholas F Taylor
Search for Natasha Kareem Brusco in:
Search for Jennifer J Watts in:
Search for Nora Shields in:
Search for Nicholas F Taylor in:
Correspondence to Natasha Kareem Brusco.
NKB, JJW, NS and NFT conceived the clinical trial and economic evaluation design, analyzed the data, interpreted the results and drafted the manuscript. NFT and NKB are the guarantors. All authors had access to all of the data in the economic evaluation and can take responsibility for the integrity of the data and the accuracy of the data analysis. All authors read and approved the final manuscript.
Additional file 1: Consolidated Health Economic Evaluation Reporting Standards (CHEERS) Checklist. Items to include when reporting economic evaluations of health interventions. (DOC 57 KB)
Brusco, N.K., Watts, J.J., Shields, N. et al. Are weekend inpatient rehabilitation services value for money? An economic evaluation alongside a randomized controlled trial with a 30 day follow up. BMC Med 12, 89 (2014) doi:10.1186/1741-7015-12-89
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1186/1741-7015-12-89
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Seasonal transmission potential and activity peaks of the new influenza A(H1N1): a Monte Carlo likelihood analysis based on human mobility
Duygu Balcan1,2,
Hao Hu1,2,3,
Bruno Goncalves1,2,
Paolo Bajardi4,5,
Chiara Poletto4,
Jose J Ramasco4,
Daniela Paolotti4,
Nicola Perra1,6,7,
Michele Tizzoni4,8,
Wouter Van den Broeck4,
Vittoria Colizza4 &
Alessandro Vespignani1,2,4
BMC Medicine volume 7, Article number: 45 (2009) Cite this article
On 11 June the World Health Organization officially raised the phase of pandemic alert (with regard to the new H1N1 influenza strain) to level 6. As of 19 July, 137,232 cases of the H1N1 influenza strain have been officially confirmed in 142 different countries, and the pandemic unfolding in the Southern hemisphere is now under scrutiny to gain insights about the next winter wave in the Northern hemisphere. A major challenge is pre-empted by the need to estimate the transmission potential of the virus and to assess its dependence on seasonality aspects in order to be able to use numerical models capable of projecting the spatiotemporal pattern of the pandemic.
In the present work, we use a global structured metapopulation model integrating mobility and transportation data worldwide. The model considers data on 3,362 subpopulations in 220 different countries and individual mobility across them. The model generates stochastic realizations of the epidemic evolution worldwide considering 6 billion individuals, from which we can gather information such as prevalence, morbidity, number of secondary cases and number and date of imported cases for each subpopulation, all with a time resolution of 1 day. In order to estimate the transmission potential and the relevant model parameters we used the data on the chronology of the 2009 novel influenza A(H1N1). The method is based on the maximum likelihood analysis of the arrival time distribution generated by the model in 12 countries seeded by Mexico by using 1 million computationally simulated epidemics. An extended chronology including 93 countries worldwide seeded before 18 June was used to ascertain the seasonality effects.
We found the best estimate R 0 = 1.75 (95% confidence interval (CI) 1.64 to 1.88) for the basic reproductive number. Correlation analysis allows the selection of the most probable seasonal behavior based on the observed pattern, leading to the identification of plausible scenarios for the future unfolding of the pandemic and the estimate of pandemic activity peaks in the different hemispheres. We provide estimates for the number of hospitalizations and the attack rate for the next wave as well as an extensive sensitivity analysis on the disease parameter values. We also studied the effect of systematic therapeutic use of antiviral drugs on the epidemic timeline.
The analysis shows the potential for an early epidemic peak occurring in October/November in the Northern hemisphere, likely before large-scale vaccination campaigns could be carried out. The baseline results refer to a worst-case scenario in which additional mitigation policies are not considered. We suggest that the planning of additional mitigation policies such as systematic antiviral treatments might be the key to delay the activity peak in order to restore the effectiveness of the vaccination programs.
Estimating the transmission potential of a newly emerging virus is crucial when planning for adequate public health interventions to mitigate its spread and impact, and to forecast the expected epidemic scenarios through sophisticate computational approaches [1–4]. With the current outbreak of the new influenza A(H1N1) strain having reached pandemic proportions, the investigation of the influenza situation worldwide might provide the key to the understanding of the transmissibility observed in different regions and to the characterization of possible seasonal behavior. During the early phase of an outbreak, this task is hampered by inaccuracies and incompleteness of available information. Reporting is constrained by the difficulties in confirming large numbers of cases through specific tests and serological analysis. The cocirculation of multiple strains, the presence of asymptomatic cases that go undetected, the impossibility to monitor mild cases that do not seek health care and the possible delays in diagnosis and reporting, all worsen the situation. Early modeling approaches and statistical analysis show that the number of confirmed cases by the Mexican authorities during the early phase was underestimated by a factor ranging from one order of magnitude [5] to almost three [6]. The Centers for Disease Control (CDC) in the US estimate a 5% to 10% case detection, similar to other countries facing large outbreaks, with expected heterogeneities due to different surveillance systems. Even within the same country, the setup of enhanced monitoring led to improved notification with respect to the earlier phase of the pandemic, later relaxed as reporting requirements changed [7].
By contrast, the effort put in place by the World Health Organization (WHO) and health protection agencies worldwide is providing an unprecedented amount of data and, at last, the possibility of following in real time the pandemic chronology on the global scale. In particular, the border controls and the enhanced surveillance aimed at detecting the first cases reaching uninfected countries appear to provide more reliable and timely information with respect to the raw count of cases as local transmission occurs, and this data has already been used for early assessment of the number of cases in Mexico [5]. Moreover, data on international passenger flows from Mexico was found to display a strong correlation with confirmed H1N1 importations from Mexico [8]. Here we present an estimate of the reproduction number, R 0, (that is, the average number of secondary cases produced by a primary case [9]) of the current H1N1 epidemic based on knowledge of human mobility patterns. We use the GLEaM (for GLobal Epidemic and Mobility) structured metapopulation model [10] for the worldwide evolution of the pandemic and perform a maximum likelihood analysis of the parameters against the actual chronology of newly infected countries. The method is computationally intensive as it involves a Monte Carlo generation of the distribution of arrival time of the infection in each country based on the analysis of 106 worldwide simulations of the pandemic evolution with the GLEaM model. The method shifts the burden of estimating the disease transmissibility from the incidence data, suffering notification/surveillance biases and dependent on country specific surveillance systems, to the more accurate data of the early case detection in newly affected countries. This is achieved through the modeling of human mobility patterns on the global level obtained from high quality databases. In other words, the chronology of the infection of new countries is determined by two factors. The first is the number of cases generated by the epidemic in the originating country. The second is the mobility of people from this country to the rest of the world. The mobility data are defined from the outset with great accuracy and we can therefore find the parameters of the disease spreading as those that provide the best fit for the time of infection of new countries. This method also allows for uncovering the presence of a seasonal signature in the observed pattern, not hindered or effectively caused by notification and reporting changes in each country's influenza monitoring. The obtained values for the reproduction numbers are larger than the early estimates [5], though aligned with later works [11–13]. The simulated geographic and temporal evolution of the pandemic based on these estimates shows the possibility of an early epidemic activity peak in the Northern hemisphere as soon as mid October. While the simulations refer to a worst-case scenario, with no intervention implemented, the present findings pertain to the timing of the vaccination campaigns as planned by many countries. For this reason we also present an analysis of scenarios in which the systematic use of antiviral drug therapy is implemented with varying effectiveness, according to the national stockpiles, and study their effect on the epidemic timeline.
The GLEaM structured metapopulation model is based on a metapopulation approach [4, 14–22] in which the world is divided into geographical regions defining a subpopulation network where connections among subpopulations represent the individual fluxes due to the transportation and mobility infrastructure. GLEaM integrates three different data layers [10]. The population layer is based on the high-resolution population database of the 'Gridded Population of the World' project of the SocioEconomic Data and Applications Center (SEDAC) [23] that estimates the population with a granularity given by a lattice of cells covering the whole planet at a resolution of 15 × 15 minutes of arc. The transportation mobility layer integrates air travel mobility obtained from the International Air Transport Association (IATA [24]) and Official Airline Guide (OAG [25]) databases that contain the list of worldwide airport pairs connected by direct flights and the number of available seats on any given connection [26]. The combination of the population and mobility layers allows the subdivision of the world into georeferenced census areas defined with a Voronoi tessellation procedure [27] around transportation hubs. These census areas define the subpopulations of the metapopulation modeling structure (see Figure 1). In particular, we identify 3,362 subpopulations centered around IATA airports in 220 different countries (see [10] and Additional file 1 for more details). GLEaM integrates short scale mobility between adjacent subpopulations by considering commuting patterns worldwide as obtained from the data collected and analyzed from more than 29 countries in 5 continents across the world [10]. Superimposed on these layers is the epidemic layer that defines the disease and population dynamics. The model simulates the mobility of individuals from one subpopulation to another by a stochastic procedure in which the number of passengers of each compartment traveling from a subpopulation j to a subpopulation l is an integer random variable defined by the actual data from the airline transportation database (see Additional file 1). Short range commuting between subpopulations is modeled with a time scale separation approach that defines the effective force of infections in connected subpopulations [10, 28, 29]. The infection dynamics takes place within each subpopulation and assumes the classic influenza-like illness compartmentalization in which each individual is classified by a discrete state such as susceptible, latent, infectious symptomatic, infectious asymptomatic or permanently recovered/removed [9, 30]. The model therefore assumes that the latent period is equivalent to the incubation period and that no secondary transmissions occur during the incubation period (see Figure 1 for a detailed description of the compartmentalization). All transitions are modeled through binomial and multinomial processes to preserve the discrete and stochastic nature of the processes (see Additional file 1 for the full description). Asymptomatic individuals are considered as a fraction p a = 33% of the infectious individuals [31] generated in the model and assumed to infect with a relative infectiousness of r β = 50% [5, 30, 32]. Change in traveling behavior after the onset of symptoms is modeled with the probability 1 - p t, set to 50%, that individuals would stop traveling when ill [30]. The spreading rate of the disease is ultimately governed by the basic reproduction number R 0. Once the disease parameters and initial conditions based on available data are defined, GLEaM allows the generation of stochastic realizations of the worldwide unfolding of the epidemic, with mobility processes entirely based on real data. The model generates in silico epidemics for which we can gather information such as prevalence, morbidity, number of secondary cases, number of imported cases and other quantities for each subpopulation and with a time resolution of 1 day. While global models are generally used to produce scenarios in which the basic disease parameters are defined from the outset, here we use the model to provide a maximum likelihood estimate of the transmission potential by finding the set of disease parameters that best fit the data on the arrival time of cases in different countries worldwide. It is important to stress that the model is not an agent-based model and does not include additional structure within a subpopulation, therefore it cannot provide detailed information at the level of households or workplaces. The projections for the winter season in the northern hemisphere are also assuming that there will be no mutation of the virus with respect to the spring/summer of 2009. Furthermore, while at the moment the novel H1N1 influenza is accounting for 75% of the influenza cases worldwide, the model does not consider the cocirculation of different influenza strains and cannot provide information on cocirculation data.
Schematic illustration of the GLobal Epidemic and Mobility (GLEaM) model. Top: census and mobility layers that define the subpopulations and the various types of mobility among those (commuting patterns and air travel flows). The same resolution is used worldwide. Bottom: compartmental structure in each subpopulation. A susceptible individual in contact with a symptomatic or asymptomatic infectious person contracts the infection at rate β or r ββ [30, 32], respectively, and enters the latent compartment where he is infected but not yet infectious. At the end of the latency period, each latent individual becomes infectious, entering the symptomatic compartments with probability 1 - p a or becoming asymptomatic with probability p a [30, 32]. The symptomatic cases are further divided between those who are allowed to travel (with probability p t) and those who would stop traveling when ill (with probability 1 - p t) [30]. Infectious individuals recover permanently with rate μ. All transition processes are modeled through multinomial processes.
The initial conditions of the epidemic are defined by setting the onset of the outbreak near La Gloria in Mexico on 18 February 2009, as reported by official sources [33] and analogously to other works [5]. We tested different localizations of the first cases in census areas close to La Gloria without observing relevant variations with respect to the observed results. We also performed sensitivity analysis on the starting date by selecting a seeding date anticipated or delayed by 1 week with respect to the date available in official reports [33]. The arrival time of infected individuals in the countries seeded by Mexico is clearly a combination of the number of cases present in the originating country (Mexico) and the mobility network, both within Mexico and connecting Mexico with countries abroad. For this reason we integrated into our model the data on Mexico-US border commuting (see Figure 2a), which could be relevant in defining the importation of cases in the US, along with Mexican internal commuting patterns (see Figure 1) that are responsible for the diffusion of the disease from rural areas as La Gloria to transportation hubs such as Mexico City. In addition, we used a time-dependent modification of the reproductive number in Mexico as in [6] to model the control measures implemented in the country starting 24 April and ending 10 May, as those might affect the spread to other countries.
Illustration of the model's initialization and the results for the activity peaks in three geographical areas. (a) Intensity of the commuting between US and Mexico at the border of the two countries. (b) The 12 countries infected from Mexico used in the Monte Carlo likelihood analysis. The color scale of the arrows from red to yellow indicates the time ordering of the epidemic invasion. Panels (c), (d) and (e) show the daily incidence in Lower South America, South Pacific and North America/Western Europe, respectively. The shaded area indicates the 95% confidence interval (CI) of the peak time in the corresponding geographical region. The median incidence profiles of selected countries are shown for the two values defining the best-fit seasonality scaling factor interval.
In order to ascertain the effect of seasonality on the observed pattern, we explored different seasonality schemes. The seasonality is modeled by a standard forcing that rescales the value of the basic reproductive number into a seasonally rescaled reproductive number, R(t), depending on time. The seasonal rescaling is time and location dependent by means of a scaling multiplicative factor generated by a sinusoidal function with a total period of 12 months oscillating in the range αmin to αmax, with αmax = 1.1 days (sensitivity analysis in the range 1.0 to 1.1) and αmin a free parameter to be estimated [17]. The rescaling function is in opposition in the Northern and Southern hemispheres (see Additional file 1 for details). No rescaling is assumed in the Tropics. The value of R 0 reported in the Tables and the definition of the baseline is the reference value in the Tropics. In each subpopulation the R(t) relative to the corresponding geographical location and time of the year is used in the simulations.
The seasonal transmission potential of the H1N1 strain is assessed in a two-step process that first estimates the reproductive number in the Tropics region, where seasonality is assumed not to occur, by focusing on the early international seeding by Mexico, and then estimates the degree of seasonal dumping factor by examining a longer time period of international spread to allow for seasonal changes. The estimation of the reproductive number is performed through a maximum likelihood analysis of the model fitting the data of the early chronology of the H1N1 epidemic. Given a set of values of the disease parameters, we produced 2 × 103 stochastic realizations of the pandemic evolution worldwide for each R 0 value. Our model explicitly takes into account the class of symptomatic and asymptomatic individuals (see Figure 1) and allows the tracking of the importation of each symptomatic individual and of the onset of symptoms of exposed individuals transitioning to the symptomatic class, as observables of the simulations. This allows us to obtain numerically with a Monte Carlo procedure the probability distribution P i(ti) of the importation of the first infected individual or the first occurrence of the onset of symptoms for an individual in each country i at time ti. Asymptomatic individuals do not contribute to the definition of ti. With the aim of working with conditional independent variables we restrict the likelihood analysis to 12 countries seeded from Mexico (see Figure 2b) and for which it is possible to know with good confidence the onset of symptoms and/or the arrival date of the first detected case (see Tables and data sources in Additional file 1). This allows us to define a likelihood function L = Πi P i(ti*), where ti* is the empirical arrival time from the H1N1 chronological history in each of the selected countries. This methodology assumes the prompt detection of symptomatic cases at the very beginning of the outbreak in a given country, and for this reason we have also provided a sensitivity analysis accounting for a late/missed detection of symptomatic individuals as reported in the next section. The transmission potential is estimated as the value of R 0 that maximizes the likelihood function L, for a given set of values of the disease parameters. In Table 1 we report the reference values assumed for some of the model parameters and the range explored with the sensitivity analysis. So far there are no precise clinical estimates of the basic model parameters ε and μ defining the inverse average exposed and infectious time durations [34–36]. The generation interval G t [37, 38] used in the literature is based on the early estimate of [5] and values obtained for previous pandemic and seasonal influenza [4, 30–32, 39, 40], with most studies focusing on values ranging from 2 to 4 days [5, 11–13]. We have therefore assumed a short exposed period value ε-1 = 1.1 as indicated by early estimates [5] and compatible with recent studies on seasonal influenza [31, 41] and performed a sensitivity analysis for values as large as ε-1 = 2.5 days. The maximum likelihood procedure is performed by systematically exploring different values of the generation time aimed at providing a best estimate and confidence interval for G t, along with the estimation of the maximum likelihood value of R 0.
Table 1 Best Estimates of the epidemiological parameters
The major problem in the case of projections on an extended time horizon is the seasonality effect that in the long run is crucial in determining the peak of the epidemic. In order to quantify the degree of seasonality observed in the current epidemic, we estimate the minimum seasonality scaling factor αmin of the sinusoidal forcing by extending the chronology under study and analyzing the whole data set composed of the arrival dates of the first infected case in the 93 countries affected by the outbreak as of 18 June. We studied the correlation between the simulated arrival time by country and its corresponding empirical value, by measuring the regression coefficient between the two datasets. Given the extended time frame under observation, the arrival times considered in this case are expected to provide a signature of the presence of seasonality. They included the seeding of new countries from outbreaks taking place in regions where seasonal effects might occur, as for example in the US or in the UK. For the simulated arrival times we have considered the median and 95% confidence interval (CI) emerging from the 2 × 103 stochastic runs. The regression coefficient is found to be sensitive to variations in the seasonality scaling factor, allowing discrimination of the αmin value that best fits the real epidemic. A detailed presentation of this analysis is reported in Additional file 1. The full exploration of the phase space of epidemic parameters and seasonality scenarios reported in Additional file 1 required data from 106 simulations; the equivalent of 2 million minutes of PowerPC 970 2.5 GHz CPU time.
Table 1 reports the results of the maximum likelihood procedure and of the correlation analysis on the arrival times for the estimation of αmin. In the following we consider as the baseline case the set of parameters defined by the best estimates: G t = 3.6 days, μ-1 = 2.5 days, R 0 = 1.75.
The best estimates for G t and R 0 are higher than those obtained in early findings but close to subsequent analysis on local outbreaks [11–13]. The R 0 we report is the reference value for Mexico and the tropical region, whereas in each country we have to consider the R(t) due to the seasonality rescaling depending on the time of the year, as shown in Table 2. This might explain the lower values found in some early analysis in the US. The transmission potential emerging from our analysis is close to estimates for previous pandemics [14, 42]. In Additional file 1 we provide supplementary tables for the full sensitivity analysis concerning the assumptions used in the model. Results show that larger values of the generation interval provide increasing estimates for R 0. Fixing the latency period to ε-1 = 1.1 days and varying the mean infectious period in the plausible range 1.1 to 4.0 days yields corresponding maximum likelihood estimates for R 0 in the range 1.4 to 2.1. Variations in the latency period from ε-1 = 1.1 to ε-1 = 2.5 days provide corresponding best estimates for R 0 in the range 1.9 to 2.3, if we assume an infectious period of 3 days. We tested variations of the compartmental model parameters p a, and p t up to 20% and explored the range r β = 20% to 80%, and sensitivity on the value of the maximum seasonality scaling factor αmax in the range 1.0 to 1.1. The obtained estimates lie within the confidence intervals of the best estimate values.
Table 2 Seasonality time-dependent reproduction number in the Northern hemisphere
The empirical arrival time data used for the likelihood analysis are necessarily an overestimation of the actual date of the importation of cases as cases could go undetected. If we assume a shift of 7 days earlier for all arrival times available from official reports, the resulting maximum likelihood is increasing the best estimate for R 0 to 1.87 (95% CI 1.73 to 2.01), as expected since earlier case importation necessitates a larger growth rate of the epidemic. The official timeline used here therefore provides, all other parameters being equal, a lower estimate of the transmission potential. We have also explored the use of a subset of the 12 countries, always generating results within the confidence interval of the best estimate.
The best estimates reported in Table 1 do not show any observable dependence on the assumption about the seasonality scenario (as reported in Additional file 1). The analysis is restricted to the first countries seeded from Mexico to preserve the conditional independence of the variables and it is natural to see the lack of any seasonal signature since these countries receive the disease from a single country, mostly found in the tropical region where no seasonal effects are expected.
In order to find the minimum seasonality scaling factor αmin that best fits the empirical data, we performed a statistical correlation analysis of the arrival time of the infection in the 93 countries infected as of 18 June, as detailed in the Methods section and Additional file 1. By considering a larger number of countries and a longer period for the unfolding of the epidemic worldwide as seasons change, the correlation analysis for the baseline scenario provides clear statistical indications for a minimum rescaling factor in the interval 0.6 < αmin < 0.7. In the full range of epidemic parameters explored, the correlation analysis yields values for αmin in the range 0.4 to 0.9. This evidence for a mild seasonality rescaling is consistent with the activity observed in the months of June and July in Europe and the US where the epidemic progression has not stopped and the number of cases keeps increasing considerably (see also Table 2 for the corresponding values of R(t) in those regions during summer months).
This analysis allows us to provide a comparison with the epidemic activity observed so far, and most importantly an early assessment of the future unfolding of the epidemics. For each set of parameters the model generates quantities of interest such as the profile of the epidemic behavior in each subpopulation or the number of imported cases. Each simulation generates a stochastic realization of the process and the curves are the statistical aggregate of at least 2 × 103 realizations. In the following we report the median profiles and where indicated the 95% CI. For the sake of clarity data are aggregated at the level of country or geographical region. Additional file 1 reports a detailed comparison of the simulated number of cases in Australia, US, UK with the reported cases from official sources in the period May to July. Results are in good agreement with the reported temporal evolution of the epidemic and highlight a progressive decrease of the monitoring activity caused by the increasing number of cases, as expected [7]. The same information is also available for each single subpopulation defined in the model. We have therefore tested the model results in four territories of Australia. Interestingly, the model is able to recover the different timing observed in the four territories. A detailed discussion of this comparison is reported in Additional file 1.
In Figure 2c-d we report the predicted baseline case profiles for countries in the Southern hemisphere. It is possible to observe in the figure that in this case, the effect of seasonality is not discriminating between different waves, as the short time interval from the start of the outbreak to the winter season in the Southern hemisphere does not allow a large variation in the rescaling of the transmissibility during these months. Therefore we predict a first wave that occurs between August and September in phase with the seasonal influenza pattern, and independently of the seasonality parameter αmin. The situation is expected to be different in the Northern hemisphere where different seasonality parameters might progressively shift the peak of the epidemic activity in the winter months. Figure 2e reports the predicted daily incidence profiles for the Northern hemisphere and the 95% CI for the activity peaks of the pandemic with the best-fit seasonality scenario (that is, the range 0.6 < αmin < 0.7). Table 3 reports the same information for different continental areas. The general evidence clearly points to the occurrence of an autumn/winter wave in the Northern hemisphere strikingly earlier than expected, with peak times ranging from early October to the middle of November. The peak estimate for each geographical area is obtained from the epidemic profile summing up all subpopulations belonging to the region. The activity peak estimate for each single country can be noticeably different from the overall estimate of the corresponding geographical region as more populated areas may dominate the estimate for a given area. For instance Chile has a pandemic activity peak in the interval 1 July - 6 August, one month earlier than the average peak estimate for the Lower South America geographical area it belongs to. It is extremely important to remark that in the whole phase space of parameters explored the peak time for the epidemic activity in the Northern hemisphere lies in the range late September to late November, thus suggesting that the early seasonal peak is a genuine feature induced by the epidemic data available so far.
Table 3 Peak times
In Table 4 we report the new number of cases at the activity peak and the epidemic size as of 15 October for a selected number of countries. As shown by the results in the table, the implementation of a massive vaccination campaign starting in October or November, with no additional mitigation implemented, would be too late with respect to the epidemic evolution, and could therefore be expected to be rather ineffective in reducing transmission. This makes a strong case for prioritized vaccination programs focusing on high-risk groups and healthcare and social infrastructure workers. In order to assess the amount of pressure on the healthcare infrastructure, in Table 5 we provide the expected number of hospitalizations at the epidemic peak according to different hospitalization rate estimates. The assessment of the hospitalization rate is very difficult as it depends on the ratio between the number of hospitalizations and the actual number of infected people. As discussed previously, the number of confirmed cases released by official agencies is always a crude underestimate of the actual number of infected people. We consider three different methods along the lines of those developed for the analysis of fatalities due to the new virus [43]. The first assumes the average value of hospitalization observed during the regular seasonal influenza season. The second is a multiplier method in which the hospitalization rate is obtained as the ratio between the WHO number of confirmed hospitalizations and the cases confirmed by the WHO multiplied by a factor 10 to 30 to account for underreporting. The third method is given by the ratio of the total number of confirmed hospitalizations and the total number of confirmed cases. This number is surely a gross overestimation of the hospitalization rate [43, 44]. It has to be noted that hospitalizations are often related to existing health conditions, age and other risk factors. This implies that hospitalizations will likely not affect the population homogenously, a factor that we cannot consider in our model.
Table 4 Daily new number of cases and epidemic sizes in several countries
Table 5 Number of hospitalizations per 100,000 persons at the activity peak in several countries
The number of hospitalized at peak times in the selected countries range between 2 and 40 per 100,000 persons, for a hospitalization rate typical of seasonal influenza and for an assumed 1% rate, respectively, yielding a quantitative indication of the potential burden that the health care systems will likely face at the peak of the epidemic activity in the next few months. It is worth noting that the present analysis considers a worst-case scenario in which no effective containment measures are introduced. This is surely not the case in that pandemic plans and mitigation strategies are considered at the national and international level. Guidelines aimed at increasing social distancing and the isolation of cases will be crucial in trying to mitigate and delay the spread in the community, thus reducing the overwhelming requests on the hospital systems. Most importantly, the mass vaccination of a large fraction of the population would strongly alter the presented picture. By contrast, any mass vaccination campaign is unlikely to start before the middle of October [45, 46]. The potential for an early activity peak of the pandemic in October/November puts at risk the effectiveness of any mass vaccination program that might take place too late with respect to the pandemic wave in the Northern hemisphere. In this case it is natural to imagine the use of other mitigation strategies aimed at delaying the activity peak so that the maximum benefit can be gained with the vaccination program. As an example, we studied the implementation of systematic antiviral (AV) treatment and its effect in delaying the activity peak [19, 30, 32, 39, 47–50]. The resulting effects are clearly country specific in that each country will experience a different timing for the epidemic peak (with a local transmissibility increasing in value as we approach the winter months) and will count on antiviral stockpiles of different sizes. Here we consider the implementation of the AV treatment in all countries in the world that have drugs stockpiles available (source data from [51, 52] and national agencies), until the exhaustion of their stockpiles [4]. We have modeled this mitigation policy with a conservative therapeutic successful use of drugs for 30% of symptomatic infectious individuals. The efficacy of the AV is accounted in the model by a 62% reduction in the transmissibility of the disease of an infected person under AV treatment when AV drugs are administered in a timely fashion [30, 32]. We assume that the drugs are administered within 1 day of the onset of symptoms. We also consider that the AV treatment reduces the infectious period by 1 day [30, 32]. In Figure 3 we show the delay obtained with the implementation of the AV treatment protocol in a subset of countries with available stockpiles. As an example, we also show the incidence profiles for the cases of Spain and Germany, where it is possible to achieve a delay of about 4 weeks with the use of 5 million and 10 million courses of AV, respectively. The results of this mitigation might be extremely valuable in providing the necessary time for the implementation of the mass vaccination program.
Delay effect induced by the use of antiviral drugs for treatment with 30% case detection and drug administration. (a) Peak times of the epidemic activity in the worst-case scenario (black) and in the scenario where antiviral treatment is considered (red), for a set of countries in the Northern hemisphere. The intervals correspond to the 95% confidence interval (CI) of the peak time for the two values defining the best-fit seasonality scaling factor interval. (b, c) Incidence profiles for Spain and Germany in the worst-case scenario (black) and in the scenario where antiviral treatment is considered (red). Results are shown for αmin = 0.6 only, for the sake of visualization. A delay of about 4 weeks results from the implemented mitigation.
We have defined a Monte Carlo likelihood analysis for the assessment of the seasonal transmission potential of the new A(H1N1) influenza based on the analysis of the chronology of case detection in affected countries at the early stage of the epidemic. This method allows the use of data coming from the border controls and the enhanced surveillance aimed at detecting the first cases reaching uninfected countries. This data is, in principle, more reliable than the raw count of cases provided by countries during the evolution of the epidemic. The procedure provides the necessary input to the large-scale computational model for the analysis of the unfolding of the pandemic in the future months. The analysis shows the potential for an early activity peak that strongly emphasizes the need for detailed planning for additional intervention measures, such as social distancing and antiviral drugs use, to delay the epidemic activity peak and thus increase the effectiveness of the subsequent vaccination effort.
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The pre-publication history for this paper can be accessed here:http://www.biomedcentral.com/1741-7015/7/45/prepub
The authors thank IATA and OAG for providing their databases. The authors are grateful to the Staff of the Big Red Computer and the Computational Facilities at Indiana University. The authors would like to thank Ciro Cattuto for his support with computational infrastructure at ISI Foundation. The authors are partially supported by the NIH R21-DA024259 award, the Lilly Endowment grant 2008 1639-000, the DTRA-1-0910039 grant, the ERC project EpiFor and the FET projects Epiwork and Dynanets.
Center for Complex Networks and Systems Research, School of Informatics and Computing, Indiana University, Bloomington, IN, USA
Duygu Balcan
, Hao Hu
, Bruno Goncalves
, Nicola Perra
& Alessandro Vespignani
Pervasive Technology Institute, Indiana University, Bloomington, IN, USA
Department of Physics, Indiana University, Bloomington, IN, USA
Hao Hu
Computational Epidemiology Laboratory, Institute for Scientific Interchange, Turin, Italy
Paolo Bajardi
, Chiara Poletto
, Jose J Ramasco
, Daniela Paolotti
, Michele Tizzoni
, Wouter Van den Broeck
, Vittoria Colizza
Centre de Physique Théorique, Université d'Aix-Marseille, Marseille, France
Department of Physics, University of Cagliari, Cagliari, Italy
Nicola Perra
Linkalab, Cagliari, Italy
Scuola di Dottorato, Politecnico di Torino, Torino, Italy
Michele Tizzoni
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Correspondence to Alessandro Vespignani.
DB, HH, BG, PB and CP contributed to conceiving and designing the study, performed numerical simulations and statistical analysis, contributed to the data integration and helped to draft the manuscript. JJR contributed to conceiving and designing the study, data tracking and integration, statistical analysis and helped draft the manuscript. NP and MT contributed to data tracking and integration, statistical analysis and helped draft the manuscript. DP contributed to data integration and management and helped draft the manuscript. WVdB contributed to visualization and data management. AV and VC conceived, designed and coordinated the study, contributed to the analysis and methods development and drafted the manuscript. All authors read and approved the final manuscript.
Duygu Balcan, Hao Hu, Bruno Goncalves, Paolo Bajardi, Chiara Poletto contributed equally to this work.
Additional file 1: Additional information. The file provides details on the model and all the statistical and sensitivity analysis carried out in the preparation of this work. The file also contains references to all data sources used in the preparation of this work. (PDF 2 MB)
Balcan, D., Hu, H., Goncalves, B. et al. Seasonal transmission potential and activity peaks of the new influenza A(H1N1): a Monte Carlo likelihood analysis based on human mobility. BMC Med 7, 45 (2009) doi:10.1186/1741-7015-7-45
Reproduction Number
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USCHO.com Fan Forum | board.uscho.com > College Hockey > Men's Division I > All Things Denver XXIX
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Dmann
Pioneers sign what looks to be another recruited walk-on:
http://gazettextra.com/news/2010/nov/18/jets-jacobson-signs-denver/
I wonder who Denver meant when they compared him to another 6 foot 200 pounder? (Dusty Jackson maybe?)
dggoddard
http://gazettextra.com/news/2010/nov/18/jets-jacobson-signs-denver/If he signed a Letter of Intent it means that he got at least some scholarship money. The size is the key.
As usual there is way more to this story than meets the eye. The step-father is two time Stanley Cup winning forward Ruslan Fedotenko, who currently plays for the NY Rangers. Not only that, but there are two Jacobsons (a brother and perhaps a cousin???) on the Janesville Jets who could be a third string goalie and more depth at forward.
vizoroo
From Brad Schlossman on the U17 Four Nations Tournament:
Former NTDP media relations coordinator Chris Peters was at the tournament doing radio work. He posted scouting reports on all of the U.S. players on his Twitter account
Peters said that defenseman Seth Jones, who currently is uncommitted, was the best player on the ice in every game. Jones will be a strong target of the WHL’s Everett Silvertips, but his brother is playing at Denver. He’s the son of former NBA player Popeye Jones.
Can we get another brother into the fold?
Puck Swami
If he signed a Letter of Intent it means that he got at least some scholarship money. The size is the key.
http://www.nahl.com/news/story.cfm?id=1330
Interesting that Jacobson is the stepson of the Penguins' Ruslan Fedotenko.
The "Tank" now plays for the NY Rangers. Besides the Rangers and Penguins, he has also played for the Flyers, Lightning and Islanders winning cups with the Lightning and Pens.
Fedotenko's Bio (http://rangers.nhl.com/club/player.htm?id=8468172&view=bio)
Bagman will be happy that the son of a Ranger will be coming to DU.
Scott Mayfield with #4 ranking from NHL Central Scouting--Zac Larraza has limited viewing for rankings
http://www.westerncollegehockeyblog.com/2010/11/16/1817900/nhl-central-scouting-ushl-rankings
Wait, do we have another older brother playing for us in hopes of getting his little bro, or is this the one? This sounds familiar.
http://www.westerncollegehockeyblog.com/2010/11/16/1817900/nhl-central-scouting-ushl-rankings#4 ranking in the USHL. Important to note that there are many leagues that have players ranked by the NHL scounts and not all leagues are equal.
Its getting exciting thinking about Mayfield & Laleggia playing together on the blueline next season. I think they would be an awesome pairing.
LetsGoDU has some video footage of the Men's Soccer loss last night. Unbelievable game. DU was outshot 31-4, but held on through two overtimes.
Laleggia? Have I been in a coma for a while?, who the hell is Laleggia? Has he been discussed on this board?
I would guess coma.:D:rolleyes:;) To catch you up here is from the LetsGoDU blog.
http://letsgodu.blogspot.com/2010/10/dus-2011-recruiting-update.html
http://letsgodu.blogspot.com/2010/10/canadian-star-joey-laleggia-commits-to.html
http://letsgodu.blogspot.com/2010/10/canadian-star-
joey-laleggia-commits-to.html (http://letsgodu.blogspot.com/2010/10/canadian-star-joey-laleggia-commits-to.html)
OK, now it's ringing a bell. What about my other question regarding the little brother strategy. Was it Jones?
Yeah, it Jones' "little" brother who is a 6' 4" d-man.
Recent brothers who DU has, had or are attempting to get
4 Shores
3 Carles
2 Ostrows
2 Mermis'
2 Jones'
2 Jacobsons & cousin ?
OK, not to belabor the point, but maybe I was thinking about Mermis. Didn't we spent some time on this one. Isn't the little brother the real reason we got the big brother (no disrespect intended)
The answer is yes on both accounts. I assume you will be in the game thread tonight.
Updated recruiting lists
2011 Recruiting Class
D Scott Mayfield (Youngstown, USHL)
F Zac Larraza (U.S. Under-18)
F Garrett Allen (Fargo, USHL)
D Matt Van Voorhis (U.S. Under-18)
D Joey LaLeggia (Penticton Vees, BCHL)
F Larkin Jacobson (Janesville Jets, NAHL)
F Tyler Pham (Colorado Thunderbirds-U18)
D Dakota Mermis (U.S. Under-17)
D Josiah Didier (Cedar Rapids, USHL)
F Daniel Doremus (Sioux Falls, USHL)
Current Seniors
F Jesse Martin
F Kyle Ostrow
F Anthony Maiani
D Joey Brehm
D/F Jon Cook
D Chris Nutini
G Josh Rosenholtz
D Jon Ryder
F Dusty Jackson (redshirt Junior graduating this Dec., will likely be a DU grad student next quarter)
With 9 seniors and the potential for one or two early pro signees, there are still some slots to be filled for next season with only 6 players having committed.
2 Jacobsons & cousin ?Clearly DU is trying to save money on Parents Weekend.
Just to update du78's recruiting list, I've been incorrectly listing Daniel Doremus as a D-man when in fact he's a forward. Also Heisenberg first mentioned Doremus as a 2011 recruit when he committed, but Chambers mentioned in his blog a couple of months ago that he'll be coming to DU in 2012, unless....I'm guessing here, someone left over the summer (D. Shore or Zucker).
Doremus is off to a nice start in the USHL with four goals and an assist in 11 games. He is one of the few DU recruits to ever be drafted in the 1st round of the USHL entry Draft. Best news of all is that he's gained over 10 lbs. in less than a year. (6'1 190 lbs).
I don't often get inside info, but you can take this to the bank....DU is very high on Doremus' upside
Projecting out the rest of the season, let's say DU follows the old WCHA maxim of winning its remaining home games and splitting on the road. That would put DU at about 22-10-2 prior to the WCHA playoffs. Typically WCHA teams that win at least 23 games tend to get into the NCAA tournament. That means DU needs to folllow the script if they want to go dancing. Of course unexpected home losses or getting swept on the road puts you in a deeper hole, but sweeping on the road is an unexpected bonus. Given the nature of DU's opponents the rest of the way, this is an attainable goal, but DU is very much a bubble team right now.
Almost certainly, DU will lose game games they shouldn't and will probably win some they shouldn't. White knuckles, anyone?
Some statistical tidbits worth pondering....
1. DU is ranked #27th nationally in team offense at 2.92 GPG and #28th in defense at 2.83 GPG. Considering the tough schedule the team has played, that's right about where I expected them to be. I think a 3 GPG offense is about all we can expect of this team, so the key down the stretch will be playing better team defense to get down to a 2.5 goals against or so if they have playoff aspirations.
2. DU's power play is so dreadful it's not in the top 40. That needs to change. PK is #23 at 82.8 pct, but that number is a little skewed by the abberant performance at CC, where they gave up six PPGs. I think the PK will be in the top 15 before all is said and done.
3. Brittain is by the far the best freshman goalie in America at a .935 svs pct.. While statictically, there are two Ivy league frosh at or higher than Sam's saves percentage, neither Ivy goalie has played in half the amount of games, nor against the caliber of competition that Sam has. He is THE reason DU is relevant right now. In fact, I think Sam is in the top 4-6 goalies in America of all classes. Right now, Muse of BC and Millan of BU are the best two in America right now. A notch below are Kinkaid of Union, Cannata of Merrimack, Brittain of DU, and York of RPI who are all workhorses with 7 or more games to date. Hope he keeps it up - that's outstanding company for an 18 year old.
4. Drew Shore is right around the top 20 in National scoring at 1.18 PPG and is a +9, and that might earn him a camp invite to the World Juniors if he keeps it up. His shot percentage is an astonishing 26%. Last year, he was a 5% shooter and a -8 at the end of the year. Remarkable, huge surge in the development of his game.
5. Zucker is seventh nationally in freshman goalscoring with 7 and he's a +5. to boot, third best on the team behind D. Shore and Donovan.
6. The Pioneers are scoring at the same rate as their opponents in the first period (7-7), floundering four goals behind opponents in the second period (11-15) and beating up on opponents in the third (17-12).
7. Speaking of incredible shooting, Salazar is shooting a whopping 53% of his shots into the net. He's probably the most clinical finisher in America. That said, he's only had 13 shots, so let's hope he gets a few more opportunities.
8. Donovan has had his ups and downs this season, but has crept up to a quiet +7 for Denver. Meanwhile, Phillips, a +5 player last year, is struggling a bit with a -5 this year to date, albeit against a tougher competition in the early going. Makowski and Ryder are quiet plus 4s, while Nutini is a -2.
I know that DU recruited Kieran Millan pretty heavily and missing out on him is why DU focused on Murray and went the one year with Chevy & tNightmare. A rotation of Brittain and Millan would have been pretty awesome, but I'm sure (I hope) Murray will come around.
Old Pio
As anyone who pays attention to Rycroft knows, Donovan has come in for more criticism than all the other players combined. Primarily of the "he's trying to do too much" variety. I'm just curious if Mark talks to the kid. I would guess that he does.
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Bollywood Journalist
The Indian Film Industry. Unmasked.
Breaking!
The rise and fall of Mamta Kulkarni’s boyfriend Vicky Goswami
By SOUMYADIPTA BANERJEE on September 20, 2013 • ( 13 Comments )
In my last blog I shared an exclusive photograph of Vicky Goswami and told you the story of how from being a simple supplier of drugs at high-profile parties of Mumbai, he stepped into the business of manufacturing drugs.
I also shared an exclusive photo of Vicky Goswami from the police files of South Africa. On your left (below) is the original version of the photo that I got. This is also the last photo of Vicky that the police have got.
Today, I will tell you the story of how Vicky Goswami became the undisputed drug kingpin in Southeast Asia. The story of his rise to the top of the drug chain is captivating to say the least.
I also told you that the ex-president of the South African Football Federation, Irvin Khoja, played a prominent role in shaping Vicky’s career. He allegedly played Godfather to Vicky in South Africa.
Here is a newspaper report detailing his ‘murky past‘ in case you are interested to know more about Irvin Khoja.
To know about a gangster, one should always refer to his Godfather. In this case, Khoja and his dealings have always been shrouded in controversy. Here is another newspaper report that talks about the mounting public pressure on Khoja that ultimately led to his resignation from the South African Football Federation.
But before you go into this story, I suggest you read to the first story again as this story is a continuation of the earlier post.
(1) How Vicky became the number one drug supplier (Mandrax) to South African dealers
In 1983, Irvin Khoza was arrested at Lusaka International Airport after he was caught with a box of Mandrax tablets while boarding a flight to South Africa.
The consignment that Irvin was carrying soon led to Milanos Constantino who was the only other Mandrax supplier apart from Vicky Goswami to Khoja. Constantino was a far bigger supplier than Vicky and Vicky who came a distant second when it came matters of turnover. Hence Vicky was more of a loyalist than a friend of Constantino. But after this much-publicised haul, the Zambian police started closing in on Constantino, a Greek national. He soon fled the country after an arrest warrant was issued against him.
Before Constantino left Zambia, he willingly handed over the reigns of his empire to Vicky in the hope that one day Vicky will return his empire to him.
Nobody heard of Constantino again and Vicky became the undisputed druglord of Zambia.
(2) Why Vicky had to leave Zambia overnight
The absence of Constantino virtually made Vicky the only contact Khoza had in Zambia.
Goswami remained in Zambia and continued dealing in drugs. Being the only manufacturer of Mandrax, Vicky soon amassed such huge wealth that it was impossible for him to hide it anymore.
Goswami became powerful and rich within a small time and the Anti Corruption Commission (ACC) of the country soon started investigating him for alleged drug trafficking.
After the investigations, the commission found him guilty and recommended that Goswami should be deported back to India and declared a “prohibited immigrant”. The news was publicly published in a Government Gazette of Zambia on 28th January, 1994. This was done to alert police officials, who were on Vicky’s side, to stay away. An alert was sounded at the airports within 24 hours.
But before Goswami could be served with deportation papers, he fled to South Africa, allegedly with the help of Irvin Khoja.
(3) Vicky lands in South Africa
Even though he left Zambia within 24 hours of the police alert that was sounded against him, Goswami could bring in some of the wealth that he had managed to amass. He, of course, brought his supreme organisational skills as well.
Police records indicate that Goswami started investing in real estate soon after he arrived in Johannesburg. He bought a house in Bryanston and offices in Sandown.
Soon, he was back in business and started trading in drugs. Here too he rose quickly and created so much of wealth that it was difficult for him to remain low-key.
His most dramatic move was when he purchased a private jet to move his consignment from Lanseria Airport located near Johannesburg This is exactly when he came under the radar of the South African police.
But the police didn’t bust his private logistical network, instead they started trailing him for more clues.
(4) Vicky’s downfall in South Africa
It is alleged that Vicky Goswami operated his own Mandrax manufacturing factory in Johannesburg and had some of the South African Narcotic Bureau (SANAB) officials on his payroll. Hence he never got caught.
But trying to settle old scores landed Vicky in big trouble. Vicky found himself on a sticky wicket when a self-confessed drug dealer, Robert “Rocks” Dlamini, disappeared while he was on his way to meet Irvin Khoja on the 6th April 1995.
Police records state that Dlamini was picked by two men in a car to meet Khoja.
According to the police report filed by Dlamini’s family, he was supposed to collect a R1.5-million (Rands) payment that Vicky owed him. The money was from a drug deal that went sour and Khoza was collecting the sum on Vicky’s behalf.
But within 30 minutes of Dlamini entering Khoza’s house, two gunshots were heard.
Till date, Dlamini’s dead body has not been found and the Johannesburg police has instituted a reward of R250 000 (Rands) reward for any information about his whereabouts. The reward has not been claimed since 1996.
The case remains unsolved till date but though independent investigations by newspapers in South Africa have straightaway put the blame on Vicky and Irvin. Here is one such report.
(5) Vicky is exposed in a sting operation
Soon an investigative journalist called Chris Steyn-Barlow was put on Vicky’s trail with the active help and cooperation of the Johannesburg Police. Steyn-Barlow did a sting operation on him and the expose was published under the headline, ‘Biggest drug lord in SA builds huge empire’ on March 28 1996.
Just like what he did in Zambia, Goswami abruptly left the country and landed in Mumbai. He left behind a posse of luxury cars and properties worth millions of Rands which was seized by the police. The private jet that was parked at the Lanseria airport was also seized by the authorities.
(6) Vicky moves to Dubai and gets jailed
After staying in Mumbai for a few months, Goswami moved to Dubai where he tried to rebuild his drug empire. He allegedly set up two Mandrax manufacturing plants in Dubai after bribing some local officials there.
But the South African police kept following him and helped the Dubai police to nab him. Johannesburg police also started a joint operation to nab his business partners in Mozambique and South Africa and it soon led them to his supply chain.
The Dubai police was contacted and Goswami was arrested with Mandrax worth $6-million in 1997. He was convicted and handed down a life imprisonment term. Following his arrest in Dubai, the Narcotics Control Bureau busted some his links in India. Here is one such report. The Dubai Police too made a few arrests after interrogating Goswami, here is another report.
(7) Vicky Goswami is freed from Dubai jail
The rest of the story is quite known and this is where the South African police loses Vicky’s trail.
Vicky, now 52 years old, was released from the Dubai prison on November 15, 2012, 16 years after he was sentenced to life imprisonment for smuggling 843 kg of methaqualone (Mandrax) and establishing two factories in Dubai to make the drug.
Vicky’s release from jail was very hush-hush and it only made it to the newspapers in South Africa where he ruled as a drug-lord once. Newspaper reports also speculated that Vicky is also looking to inch his way back into South Africa to claim his lost fiefdom. That speculation is wrong.
“A life sentence in Dubai is in effect 25 years, but prisoners can apply for early release on various grounds. Apart from good conduct, these include learning to recite passages from the Qu’ran or converting to Islam. To strengthen his clemency appeal, Goswami converted to Islam and was married according to Islamic rites while incarcerated,” says the article that appeared in the Mail & Guardian newspaper of South Africa which followed the drug lord after his release.
Sources have confirmed that the girl who Goswami married to was, in fact, Mamta Kulkarni.
Though the opposition lawyers strongly opposed his clemency appeal saying that he was an international criminal, the court pardoned him on grounds that he was a reformed criminal and a devout Muslim. The court also ordered that he be deported to India.
Sources say that Vicky arrived in India during December 2012 and left for Kenya soon after. Vicky did not have any specific criminal cases pending against him in India and along with his new name, it was easier for him to fly to Kenya.
This is where we all lose trail of Mamta Kulkarni’s partner, Vicky Goswami.
Update on October 13, 2013: “The person in the photo is not Vicky Goswami,” says Mamta Kulkarni on her latest blog addressed to me. Fairness demands that I acknowledge the rejoinder. Here is link to the denial -> http://bit.ly/17mUKYj
Short-link -> http://wp.me/p3x1zT-AX,
Khoja's picture is taken from here
Categories: Breaking!
Tagged as: Bollywood, Bollywood and Underworld, Bollywood crime, Bollywood criminals, bollywood news, Bollywood Underworld, celebrity drug addicts in Mumbai, drug abuse in Mumbai parties, drug addicts in India, drug-lord, Dubai, exclusive, Irvin Khoja, Johannesburg, mamta, Mamta Kulkarni husband, mamta kulkarni married, Mandrax, Methaqualone, Mumbai page parties, party drugs in India, South Africa, The Underworld of Bollywood, Vicki, Vicki Goswami, Vicky Goswami, Viki Goswami, Zambia
The untold story of Vicky Goswami
The rules of the game, changed
awesome… i guess i have become a fan of Vicky 😛
Fukray says:
I like the use of words “simple supplier of drugs…”
How did you get Mamta’s pics? They seem pretty candid. And are you sure this was the best idea, given how the South African authorities are after you?
Anyway, thanks for the scoop. For her sake, I hope he’s clean now.
Pingback: Why we might lose Mamta Kulkarni all over again | Bollywood Journalist
Pingback: Why we might lose Mamta Kulkarni all over again | haunted soul
S.K says:
Vicky Gawami is now arrested in Kenya with the help of the FBI
Soumyadipta says:
How do you know? is there a news article online?
http://www.standardmedia.co.ke/m/story.php?articleID=2000141113&story_title=US-seeks-Akasha-sons-over-ship-with-drugs
Thank you so much! send me more articles about him if published online. Grateful to you for this input.
Thank you so much for the lead. Grateful. Please let me know if there is any additional information specific to Vicky and mamta kulkarni.
Hi, you have any more leads regarding the case? Please let me know. I am sure there are more developments that we have missed. Thanks again for the leads that you have provided.
David Wanjala says:
http://www.nation.co.ke/news/How–US-agents-foiled-Akashas-drug-plot/-/1056/2523606/-/nhnkuj/-/index.html
Thanks David. Thanks a ton!
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THE COST OF A LIE
Top categories: Bollywood Ranbir Kapoor
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The Microeconomic Mode
Political Subjectivity in Contemporary Popular Aesthetics
From The Road to Game of Thrones, across works as seemingly different as Gone Girl and Saw, literature, film, and television have become obsessed with the intersection of survival and choice. When the trapped rock-climber hero of 127 Hours is confronted with self-amputation or death, it is only a particularly blunt example of an omnipresent set-up. In real-life settings or fantastical games, protagonists find themselves confronting extreme scenarios with life-or-death consequences, forced to make torturous either-or choices in stripped-down, brutally stark environments.
Jane Elliott identifies and analyzes this new and distinctive aesthetic phenomenon, which she calls “the microeconomic mode.” Through close readings of its narratives, tropes, and concepts, she traces the implicit theoretical and political claims conveyed by this combination of abstraction and extremity. In the microeconomic mode, humans isolated from any forms of social organization operate within a mini-economy of costs and benefits, gains and losses, measured in the currency of life. Elliott reads the key concepts that emerge from this aesthetic—life-interest, sovereign capture, and binary life—in relation to biopolitics and natural law theory, becoming and the control society, and primitive accumulation in racial capitalism. The microeconomic mode interrogates the destruction of the liberal political subject, but what it leaves in its place is as disturbing as it is radically new. Going beyond the question of neoliberalism in literature, The Microeconomic Mode combines revelatory close readings of key literary and popular texts with significant theoretical interventions to identify how an aesthetics of choice has reshaped our contemporary understanding of what it means to be human.
Perseus Books, LLC
More Books by Jane Elliott
The Little Prisoner
J'étais sa petite prisonnière
Mummy’s Little Girl
Dog's Christmas Present
Theory After 'Theory'
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An App for Farmworkers’ Rights Makes its Way Into the Fields
CalorApp, developed by a high school student, will alert farmworkers of dangerous temperatures and allow them to report unsafe work practices.
FARMING, Food and Farm Labor, Food Justice
Posted on: December 4, 2017 | 9 Comments
Growing up in Shafter, a small city in California’s Central Valley, Faith Florez would pass farmworkers stooped over in the fields each morning on the way to school. “There were strawberries, carrots, almonds, cotton—everything you could imagine,” she says. The world of the farmworker was a familiar one. Florez’s great-grandparents had arrived in Shafter from Mexico and, with money earned by harvesting crops, built their own house from the ground up.
Not that it had been easy, of course. “I heard a lot of horror stories from family members about the brutal conditions,” says Florez, now a high school senior. “They would work 10 hours or more a day, through 100-degree heat, sometimes without breaks, water, or shade.” When she was 10, Florez’s family moved from Shafter to La Cañada Flintridge, a city 15 miles north of Los Angeles. Here she entered a very different world: instead of Latino and working-class, La Cañada was mostly white and affluent. But it was Shafter that left its mark. “Growing up there instilled a lot of the values that I have, of hard work, dedication, and loyalty,” she tells me.
Faith Florez and her USC Development Team. Calor app team, from left to right: Shobhit Agarwal, Juan Andrade, Marko Djuliarso, Faith Florez, Basir Navab, Virag Sahai, and Vahagen Sinanian. (Photo courtesy of Faith Florez.)
In 2016, Florez, then a high school sophomore, learned that University of Southern California’s (USC) Viterbi School of Engineering was soliciting proposals for coding projects that addressed social justice issues. She flashed back to Shafter, and to those working in the fields under the scorching California sun. Florez knew that farmworkers routinely suffered heat illnesses, and that many didn’t know their rights. And she certainly knew what their rights were: Her father, Dean Florez, was a former state Senator who had helped write California’s heat regulations after four farmworkers died in the fields during the summer of 2005.
“I wanted to start a project that was based on solving that specific problem,” she says. Her proposal, which USC accepted, sought to create a mobile application that would alert farmworkers to heat dangers and educate them about their rights. Over the past two years, Florez and a team of graduate students have met with growers, farmworkers, and state regulators as they designed their new project, called CalorApp. (Calor means “heat” in Spanish.)
The key feature of CalorApp is a notification system that alerts farmworkers when the temperature reaches 95 degrees. That’s when, under California’s first-of-its-kind heat illness protection law, farmers must give their employees 10-minute rest periods every two hours in a shaded area with access to cold water. The law is straightforward, but it’s not easy to enforce. The fields of California are vast, and inspectors are only able to visit a small number of crews on any given day. (In Kern County, where Shafter is located, agricultural fields cover more land than New York City, Los Angeles, and San Francisco combined.)
CalorApp aims to give farmworkers the immediate information they need to serve as their own inspectors, alerting each other—and their employers—when conditions become potentially dangerous.
“Many times, heat stress happens because farmworkers don’t take breaks,” says Florez. “They’ve been working the job for many years, and their family before them for many years, so they have a sense of reduced risk associated with the job. They think they know what they’re doing. Often times they do—but sometimes they don’t.”
Those risks will increase in the future, as temperatures rise with climate change. And despite California’s forward-thinking approach, there is still much more work to do. Last year, according to California’s Division of Occupational Safety and Health (Cal/OSHA), heat killed one farmworker and made another 63 sick. (The heat illness number is almost certainly an undercount, as many farmworkers likely don’t seek medical treatment.)
Farmworker focus group in Pond, California on interest and necessary functions of the CalorApp in the fields. (Photo courtesy of Faith Florez.)
“Too many California farmworkers have died from extreme heat,” said Arturo Rodriguez, President of the United Farm Workers, the union that helped push through California’s original heat regulations in 2005, which were strengthened in 2015. He says the app will “supply workers with an important tool with which to protect themselves.”
Along with temperature alerts, CalorApp will allow farmworkers to quickly report unsafe work practices and be connected directly to Cal/OSHA, whose inspectors can be dispatched to the fields. It will also host a range of bilingual educational content, from videos on labor rights to tips about how much water they should consume each hour.
The next big step will come this summer, when they launch a pilot project of CalorApp with farmworkers at two companies, Fabbri Farms in Bakersfield and the Grapery in Shafter. During the pilot, 50 employees on grape and watermelon harvesting crews will use CalorApp and provide feedback to Florez and the graduate students. They plan to use the period to work out any kinks, and hope that, in the coming years, the app will be adopted on farms across the state.
“Most of the time, when I bring up the application to teachers of mine, they say, ‘Wow, an application for farmworkers? Is that feasible? How much is that going to cost?’” Florez laughs. “But you go to Silver Lake, [a trendy Los Angeles neighborhood], and the waitresses have iPads with fancy seating charts and systems to make and cancel reservations. Farmworkers work in way more intense conditions than waitresses, and they deserve tech at their jobs, too.”
Top photo CC-licensed by Andrew Reding.
View Comments (9) Close Comments
Ciranna Bird
Monday, December 4th, 2017
I'm so impressed with Faith Florez and her problem-solving skills. Creo que esta idea funcionara bien. (Please forgive my grammer; my ability to write in Spanish is limited.)
Thanks Civil Eats for sharing this inspiring story of a multi-cultural family (great-grandparents, a father and daughter) working hard to improve the health and well-being of our farm workers. Excelente.
Sonia Aviles
Thanks for creating this app!. I'm part of the AWA ( Agriculture Workers Alliance-
Alianza de trabajadores Agricolas) We organize with farm workers in the southern Region of Ontario Canada , and an app like this one will be extremely beneficial here.
Excelente idea, esto puede ayudar no sólo a trabajadores agrícolas también a jardineros y personas que trabajan en constructión.
George Bresnahan
Thanks to the young woman and the USC team. Maybe the next app can be Migraapp.
Francine Allen
This is a great idea, but breaks really ought to be allowed for ten minutes every hour when temperature exceeds 85 degrees. I'm lucky I've never had to do this kind of work, but anyone who has moved around, even at a slow pace, in 85 degrees or hotter knows the need to sit or stand still periodically and keep hydrated. The breaks might be able to be deducted from worker pay if the are more than every two hours (or expand the hours to make up the difference - only so employers won't pitch a hissy fit) but water ought to be free to workers.
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John F. Kennedy and Richard Nixon at the first televised presidential debate, before either were presidents.
Sunday Playlist: Debate-o-rama
(CNN) – The first of this election season's three presidential debates takes place on Wednesday night in Denver, CO.
In this week's Sunday Playlist, we're looking forward to the debates and all the much-deserved hoopla that surrounds them.
Retiring Atlanta Braves third baseman Chipper Jones waves to fans and well wishers
The presidential election is just 39 days away. Campaigning is intensifying as President Obama and Republican hopeful, Mitt Romney prepare for their first debate, next Wednesday. Each side is playing up the other candidate's debating skills. CNN Political Editor, Paul Steinhauser says:
[1:26] " It's basically lowering the bar and campaigns have been doing this for years and we're seeing boththe Romney and Obama campaigns doing it now."
A cyber-attack shut down the websites of some of the biggest banks in the United states over the past week, including Bank of America, JPMorgan Chase, Wells Fargo and PNC. An Islamic militant group is claiming responsibility, although security experts aren't too sure about that claim. CNN Money's David Goldman says the hackers managed to swamp the websites with so much traffic they crashed:
[6:42]"It was twice as large as anything that we've ever seen. It's ten to twenty times larger than the average attack on a bank. And, that's what led these sites to essentially collapse and not be reachable for users."
And, it's truly an end of an era in baseball. This is the final season for Atlanta Braves third baseman, Chipper Jones. CNN's Edgar Treiguts sat down with the likely Baseball Hall of Fame inductee to ask about his place in baseball history.
[14:40] "I want to be remembered as a winner...I want to be remembered as a mentor and a good teammate.."
Posted by Barbara Hall - CNN, Chip Grabow -- CNN, Edgar Treiguts -- CNN, Emma Lacey-Bordeaux -- CNN, Gavin Godfrey -- CNN, Jim Ribble -- CNN, Jonathan Binder -- CNN, Libby Lewis -- CNN, Pat St.Claire - CNN, Susanna Capelouto -- CNN, Tommy Andres -- CNN
Sammy Kadassi emigrated to the US from Yemen. His ideas about freedom evolved after the move.
My freedom vs. your freedom
(CNN) – Freedom of speech, freedom of religion, freedom of the press… these ideas are at the core of the American perception of freedom.
President Barack Obama told the United Nations General Assembly this week that promoting those freedoms around the world is the key to peace.
However, perceptions of what freedom actually is differs from culture to culture.
Filed under: Culture • International • Politics • Stories
Chipper Jones of the Atlanta Braves waves to the fans during a standing ovation as he steps to the plate at Turner Field.
Chipper Jones' last hurrah
Editor's Note: Listen to the complete interview above and join the conversation below.
(CNN) – Very few pro athletes are afforded the type of farewell sendoff that Atlanta Braves' veteran third baseman Chipper Jones has been getting this season, his 19th in the major leagues.
Not only has he been feeling the love from his hometown fans, but also those in opposing cities.
[:26] "The gifts and the ovations have just been at times really overwhelming. Certainly unexpected."
It's respect for a player who has Hall of Fame-worthy credentials.
He's played the game the right way and honored its history. That combination means more than anything to baseball fans – whether its your own team's player or not.
Filed under: Sports • Stories • Voices
A new report on drone strikes in Pakistan argues they have a devastating effect on local peoples' lives. But some Pakistan experts say they don’t find the report reliable.
More controversy over drones
(CNN) – A new report this week on the effect of drone strikes in Pakistan has only raised new questions.
The report features rare dramatic interviews with citizens of Pakistan’s tribal areas, the focus of the secret, yet not-so-secret, U.S. drone program.
Like Farhim Qureshi, who was 14 when he was caught in a drone strike in 2009.
[:34] “I was injured in the drone attacks. I lost my eye…I lost my eyesight on the left side and my entire left side of my body was injured because of the bullets from the missile attack.”
Filed under: International • Politics
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Why Warren Buffett?
Warren Buffett is my mentor.
He just doesn’t know it.
It’s a great relationship.
He doesn’t have to take my calls and I don’t have to listen to everything he says.
Buffett has mentored me this way for decades and he’s had a big impact on me.
So big that every year my team and I take a group of 100 Internet leaders out to Omaha for a private workshop on Warren Buffett’s philosophy followed by that campy capitalist Midwestern hootenanny, that “Woodstock of Capitalism”, Buffett’s Berkshire Hathaway annual meeting.
What in particular do Internet CEOs, Chief Product Officers, heads of Customer Experience, and others need to learn from Buffett and his partner, Charlie Munger? Or asked another way – why do companies like Airbnb send groups of leaders to attend this?
Leaders can learn a lot including a new way of looking at something they already know (or should know) – the customer experience.
Buffett has built an alternate business universe that allows managers to make their own long-term and customer-inclusive decisions without interference from him or short-term pressure from Wall Street.
This Buffettverse all starts with the slimmed-down structure of headquarters.
With close to 400,000 total employees across 70+ wholly-owned companies (think Geico, Fruit of the Loom, See’s Candies, Burlington Northern railroad, etc.), there are only about 25 total employees at headquarters. That’s correct. 25.
I don’t think there’s a startup or large company that can match the minimalist HQ of Berkshire Hathaway.
In fact, Buffett has often said his management philosophy borders on abdication.
For example, operating divisions do not submit budgets to Buffett. Buffett doesn’t want to look at budgets, approve budgets, or manage budgets. He wants leaders he can trust making those decisions.
In the world of product development, many of us advocate pushing down decision-making to the lowest levels. No one does that better than Buffett.
He delegates everything.
You want to invest in a new technology? That’s your decision.
You want to hire a new senior executive? That’s your decision.
You want to keep your customer service operation in the United States and not outsource it? That’s your decision.
The key to this radical decentralization is trust. Buffett only buys companies where he has trust for the management, who stay on to keep running the company after the acquisition.
Sam Taylor, my longtime friend and CEO of one of Buffett’s companies, helped us get this workshop started five years ago. Each year he’d wow attendees with the stories of how he sold his company to Buffett. According to Sam, Buffett focused on two things in their negotiations: 1) whether he could trust Sam and, 2) the details of the customer net promoter scores.
Before the sale to Buffett, Sam had private equity owners. They wanted him to lay off people and outsource customer service to India. Sam countered that it was critical to the business that support remain in the U.S. close to customers. When the sale to Buffett went through, Sam – and his employees – cried because it meant those jobs were saved and customers would continue to be treated well.
It’s remarkable what can happen in Buffett’s wacky world where capitalists actually practice good business as opposed to rigging the system to maximize personal rewards. (Note: Buffett’s annual salary is $100,000).
Generate good economics, treat customers well, and leave trusted managers alone – those are the uncommon rules of Buffett World.
– Phil
P.S. I’ve told the story of the wonderful Sam Taylor – who sadly passed away from brain cancer in 2017 – elsewhere including in a chapter I wrote for a best-selling book about the Berkshire Hathaway meetings (see it here).
Join us in Omaha in 2020?
If you want to join us in Omaha next year for the “Woodstock of Capitalism” and our workshop, then you can fill out this simple Google form telling us about yourself and why you’d like to come (we do this because we limit the number of attendees every year).
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Buy Tickets | Directions | Must Be 21 | All Sales Final
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Along with having been the main star in the role of inventive scientist, Donald Davenport in Disney XD’s “Lab Rats,” actor and comedian Hal Sparks also directed several episodes of the critically-acclaimed comedy show and is now an active member of the Directors Guild of America. Since the show’s premiere in 2012, “Lab Rats” has been the network’s most watched ... Read More
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Valery Alymov
Valery Alymov - Ukraine
Due to Ukraine’s history of communism less than two per cent of the population know Jesus Christ as their personal saviour and 20,000 towns and villages have no evangelical church.
I believe that effective evangelism operates through the gifts and power of God’s Spirit, which I continually seek to develop in my own life and all who serve with us. Together we are starting new churches in Ukraine and other countries.
To the mission of preaching the gospel, making disciples, and forming new churches in Ukraine and abroad
God has called me to develop the gifts and callings of a new generation and form them into to spirit-filled teams for personal and public evangelism.
More about Valery Alymov
I was born into a communist military family during the Soviet Union where I never heard about God, until 1988, when an audible voice said: “I exist, seek me!” This search took two years till I personally experienced God’s presence and forgiveness after watching the Jesus film.
I didn’t find an evangelical church until 1994 but there I understood that I should not just sit in the pew but serve God will my whole life. In 1996 I preached the gospel to many other military personnel and a year later started the first military church in Ukraine. Over the next six years we started another four churches in the region. I appointed local pastors and was invited to serve mission nationally.
For more than 10 years, CMS mission partner Alison Giblett has served with us in Ukraine. Through her invitation, I visited the CMS offices in 2013 and learnt of their worldwide vision. I love the CMS call and want to do what I can to support it. In turn, the support from CMS will increase our capacity to fulfil this calling.
Support Global Mission through Local Leaders
Video: Sharing Jesus in a “cursed land”
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A biography of samuel langhorne clemens mark twain a writer
What scholarship means to me
Business decisions involve a careful balance of social economic and environmental considerations
It was the first major company in South Africa to announce that it would provide free anti-retroviral drugs to its HIV-positive employees. In the case of Firm A, which makes shirts, or for any firm no matter what it makes, if manufacturing and selling a single unit of a product costs less than the revenue it brings in, then the smart decision is to produce and sell the product.
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Interviews/
Interview With Ross Gunning RCS 2nd Year Conductor
February 27, 2014 — 48 Comments
Ross Gunning
How many musicians are in your Glasgow Philharmonia orchestra?
The orchestra differs from 20 members of a small chamber orchestra, up to 90 for big concert numbers.
We also have a string quartet – for events plus we can also form jazz combos and other groups of all sizes from the possible instruments available.
And for your quartet do you have a particular group every time, or decide on availability, skill, fairness..?
The Quartet is set, but when they can’t do a gig then we swap them over. So everyone in the orchestra gets a chance. At the moment it is all the principles that are playing. Then we will start changing it if needs be.
Does the orchestra cross all year groups?
For the Quartet: 2nd and 3rd years mostly from the conservatoire.
Orchestra is 16-25 year age group, a mix.
Are the musicians all from the RCS or from outside as well?
No, no, from all over Scotland, people who have played in other orchestras etc as well as from the conservatoire.
How did you go about finding your orchestra?
Originally, I started a fundraising orchestra. Which was formed by me putting out things on Facebook, by emails, to all the musicians that I’ve ever worked with. It’s grown from there, probably around 300 players that could come and play.
So what was the charity you were raising money for?
For Malawi, we raised about £1600 in the first gig. Which helped to build classroom blocks and teachers house in Ekwendeni in Malawi. We then raised more money for Malawi and that built a bore hole in Baula. The nearest water you could find was a long distance away before our help, it was like a dirty puddle.
This was the water hole before we were able to help through our concert
This was the bore hole that we raised the money to build
The water hole is now called the Ross Gunning bore hole.
Why the connection with Malawi?
My mum went there a few times and she was in love with it and wanted him to help as much as I could.
When was that in the scale of things?
In 2012, May 2012 we officially started. But Glasgow Philharmonia was October 2012, with the first concert June 2013. There was quite a lot of forward planning.
What was your main purpose?
Initially for fund raising, but also to give myself the opportunity and experience of conducting on a big scale. It was successful so I wanted to make it a proper organization.
Did you start this while you were a student here at RCS?
Just before I started. The musicians were initially from the National Youth Orchestra of Scotland and the West of Scotland symphony orchestra and places all over as people started sharing on the internet, Facebook, emails etc.
Do you have a sponsor?
Not at the moment we have an interested party, it is just tying the connection.
How did you organise it and meet?
Martin Hunt is our PR guy and he is looking at corporate events to help us to find a sponsor. I met a potential sponsor and I have been liaising with Steve, our potential sponsor, to try to bring him on board.
How did you meet Martin?
We did a concert on 11th November 2013, and that’s where I met Martin as he was doing the PR for that event. We were the backing band of 60 players at that event. It was organized by the Armistice Charity Event we had 20 different pieces to learn at short notice about two weeks before the event. I conducted most of the event. A musical director from the West End helped out. It was put together last minute but this year we are far more organized.
Everyone came back to me and said that was amazing can we do it again. For me to have control of this sort of event and get experience of these huge experiences is working well.
Did you have a master plan of what you wanted to achieve.
I wanted to give young people an opportunity to perform a concerto like I had done at City Halls with percussion, which was a huge thing for me. It was Rosauro vibraphone concerto, with the West of Scotland’s schools symphony – I had to win a concerto competition to get that opportunity – in March 2012. Part of that prize was one concert in June and two concerts in August. This is what kicked it off for me.
We have three concerts planned this year with another one next year. I’ve done a lot of Musical Theatre and I want to move across to the Opera fields too. I just want to give all musicians a chance to perform.
For young singers this opportunity is just not there so that sounds wonderful Ross. It’s very impressive and the video recordings sound really good.
They’re not professional at the moment, it was just me setting up a camera, and I want to do that.
What are your strengths Ross?
Conducting for me is my passion. Doing the Music Theatre stuff is huge and great, then all the stuff in December that was really a great concert and everyone can come to see and know the material. I enjoyed the directing for bridge week a totally new thing for me. But conducting is definitely the area I want to specialize in. I’d like to take the orchestra to the Edinburgh Fringe. I’d like to do some diversity.
If you think about all the orchestras in the UK they all do orchestral stuff, the only orchestra that does something different is John Wilson orchestra. To have something in the middle that everyone can be part of is going to help my musicianship. Supporting young musicians is my main aim and I’d like people to still come in to the orchestra but I want the musicians to grow within the Glasgow Philharmonia.
The leaders may change, the principals may change but it just gives people a chance to move up.
Ross has attracted the attention of the regional press with his creative approach to fulfilling his dreams
What do you love most about conducting?
It’s creating that sound and to get musicians in a group and controlling a group of musicians and being in charge of getting your idea into reality, it’s a big thing. When I’m playing percussion I don’t like being told what sound to make. From a conducting point of view I have a score, a vision and a sound I want in my head and its creating that.
When I was 13, the first time I was conducting, my legs were shaking when it came together to create the sound I wanted. That for me is the big thing! That was the first time I embraced a large ensemble. A James Bond medley was my first creation, with my local council, all school children, this started it. It was incredible. Being in control is just the thing for me. From a percussion point of view you’re always stuck at the back, there’s always jokes going on about percussionists. So conducting for me is the just the best thing.
For percussion then do you prefer tuned instruments or un-tuned percussion?
It differs, it depends what I’m doing, orchestral rep I love to get into a big meaty cymbal part, or something like that something that creates a texture that no one knows, there’s a bit in the third movement for me in the Vaughan Williams ‘London symphony’ where you hear rubbing cymbals together and no one has ever written that before. Vaughan Williams was the only person. To create the different texture with the rubbing together of the cymbals is great, that’s your own interpretation of it.
So if I want to come to see Ross the percussionist or the Glasgow Philharmonia symphony when is the next event ?
This Friday night at the RCS ( 28th February 2014 )
Cool, I’ll get a ticket.
I’m getting a chance to conduct the Vaughan Williams piece to create my own sound and vision. June 27th in St Cuthbert’s, Edinburgh, tickets from Usher Hall and June 29th in RCS you can get tickets in the RCS box office and they are already selling.
What do you like least about conducting?
Nothing. If you’re pressing me – maybe the time, if you have to pick something, you have to spend learning scores, so I have 15 scores to learn in two months at the moment. I’m sent scores and I have to find scores myself. A lot going on so I need good time management. I never stop learning about the history side, technical matters, musicality and I love the stress of it so I don’t find it really a problem at all.
What tips would you give to someone thinking about taking up conducting?
Do it, have your vision, but it is hard to start and there’s no one stood in front of you instructing you. It would be good to do a workshop but what would the musicians get out of it? It would be a great opportunity but people who have a vision and drive you can make it work, everything that happens is on you and it is quite a lonely lifestyle. If your orchestra doesn’t like you you’re in trouble. Be nice to people and be friendly because you need to create a good team environment. Originally it’s hard because the musicians are all the same age or sometimes older than me. But when they realized I was serious about it and I have a vision they realize with the gigs we’ve now got that it’s a showcase for them to demonstrate their skills. It’s all good cv material and it’s great to give people opportunities.
My rehearsals are always open if you want to come in and watch.
Do you think you will commission people to write music specifically for your orchestra?
That’s funny you should ask that, next June I’ve commissioned a Scots composer called Peter Longworth, who is also a trumpet player and I’ve commissioned him to write a score for a string quartet concerto for the Astrid String quartet who are all made up of RCS students or ex-students. There’s no string quartet concerto’s out there, there’s one by Schonberg for audiences that aren’t in to music and the other one by Elgar but it’s not really suitable. I’m also working with a young musical theatre composer at the moment which is exciting.
When I did my conducting exam recently I wore a really bright colorful dress and I sent my Mum a photograph and she asked me “shouldn’t conductors all wear black suits”! Ross and I discussed female conductors which should be another blog post and I asked Ross what he thought about whether conductors should all wear black suits. He just laughed, I don’t think he’s got any competition from me lol. Although I have got a magic wand.
I found this interesting article on the Guardian website about training opportunities for female students in the world of conducting
In Interviews Charlotte Hoather, Classical Music, Culture, Education, Entertainment, Orchestra, Ross Gunning
48 responses to Interview With Ross Gunning RCS 2nd Year Conductor
Pascal Barnier February 27, 2014 at 10:56 pm
Great, an other passionnate !!! Thake for sharing !!
Charlotte Hoather February 27, 2014 at 11:06 pm
Hi Pascal, yes it is impressive what Ross has achieved. I did drop several hints about collaborating with me 😉 lol. I bet Rusalka would sound great with a symphony orchestra.
Charlotte 😉
Pascal Barnier February 28, 2014 at 6:39 am
In recent years, a Symphony orchestra conducted by Ross, sets by Barnier, Charlotte Hoather singing on stage …… and a public overwhelmed by emotion
Charlotte Hoather February 28, 2014 at 9:42 am
Best not forget my flat mate Rob, he can actually make the sets 😉 and he’s voted twelve times for me which is quite a commitment from him because he’s so busy.
Jim Zee February 27, 2014 at 11:16 pm
In addition to your considerable music talents you are also an excellent interviewer/reporter/blogger/writer.
I enjoyed reading this post — you were able to get a lot of interesting personal information from Mr. Ross and I learned plenty about his art and craft.
Thanks Jim 😉
How’s our collaboration coming along, I can’t wait to hear your recording 😉
I’m going to sit in on a couple of his rehearsals as I want an A grade for conducting so he’ll wish he hadn’t said that 😉
I’m working on it by degrees. With the incredible Siberian weather we’ve been enduring (when it should be maple tree tapping season) I’ve been busy thawing things out and keeping vehicles running.
I’m gaining on Danny Boy , key of F though. 🙂
Oh No! Will you still get a full harvest out of the trees? You keep warm 😉
Jim Zee February 28, 2014 at 4:27 pm
We’re already two weeks late in a 6 to 8 week season so that will definitely shorten the crop. If the weather turns abnormally warm soon, with nights above freezing, then the season is over. We need freezing nights and thawing days through March for the sap to rise.
C’est la vie :/
Charlotte Hoather February 28, 2014 at 6:39 pm
That must be tough, I’ll send some good luck thoughts your way 😉
authorwin622 February 27, 2014 at 11:18 pm
Reblogged this on Women of wisdom A personal journey.
Thank you for the re blog I appreciate it 😉
mareymercy February 28, 2014 at 12:17 am
I’d love to hear about female conductors too! Great interview. Love your wand!
I’d love to see the musicians faces if I walked in with my wand he he. The glitter and stars move inside it so it would probably distract me never mind them.
minimarj February 28, 2014 at 6:47 am
What an interesting interview this was Charlotte. Ross sounds like a very focused young man. good luck to you both in all your future concerts.
One of the very best things about the RCS is the opportunity to co-create with students from other disciplines from production design, props, sound recording to contemporary performance practise and everything in between. That’s why I chose this conservatoire from my offers and I’m having a fabulous time.
Don Royster February 28, 2014 at 7:17 am
If the singing gig doesn’t work out, which it will, you may just have a career interviewing.
Thanks Don that’s very generous of you, I do like talking and listening to people, I just wish my writing was better.
Don Royster February 28, 2014 at 3:47 pm
Like making music, it just takes practice.
I don’t know if you noticed I had to edit the piece a couple of times today so that it made more sense. I’d like to blame poor typing but it was more my jumbled thoughts 😉
colonialist February 28, 2014 at 7:21 am
Good interview, indeed. So conductors need to watch their conduct so as to be in tune with the orchestra members! 🙂
Ross Gunning February 28, 2014 at 7:53 am
Thank you for all the lovely comments and support you all give to young people. I hope you can support the orchestra and please follow us on twitter and Facebook to get up to date information. This interview was great and thank you so much Charlotte!
You’re welcome Ross, I enjoyed recording and your answers.
Great line Colonialist and very true. I’ve worked with some great conductors it’s always best to make an effort to get on well 😉
gillyh1 February 28, 2014 at 1:51 pm
What a great interview Charlotte, although at the end I did a double take when you mentioned wearing a colorful dress, I was still thinking Ross! then I realised it was your bit. I should have guessed 🙂 sounds like a brilliant young man and one to watch I surmise.
Ross Gunning February 28, 2014 at 3:16 pm
Gillyh1 I thought the exact same thing when I read it haha!
Ha ha ha I hadn’t read it like that at all, I’ll put a little squiggle in or something.
Thanks for telling me 😉
hilarycustancegreen February 28, 2014 at 2:30 pm
This was a fascinating interview, Charlotte. I love that he raised money for the borehole in Malawi at the same time as making music. He sounds like someone to watch, thank you for telling us about him in such a direct way.
The fundraising part of the orchestra is a great feeling. Now just need to go out and see my bore hole in Malawi!
Thanks Hilary, you know me, ready, aim, fire 😉
I really appreciate all the support from everyone! The orchestra have a twitter @GlasgowPhil which I would love you all to follow for all up to date info. Also facebook.com/GlasgowPhilharmonia Thanks again!
Poetsmith February 28, 2014 at 5:31 pm
Interesting interview with Ross. Talented young orchestra. Good to hear that they raised some money for people in Malawi. Very charitable. All the best, Charlotte. 🙂
The classical world does a lot of fundraising for charity, most of the concerts and recitals I’ve performed in have been linked with charity fundraising which is fabulous and the audiences are so generous. It must feel great to be in a position to choose something that means a lot to you personally. I won’t forget that.
gigsmarter February 28, 2014 at 6:27 pm
Ross seems like a smart dude. There are some real gems of advice in this interview that give great insight into his mindset and how he works with groups of musicians. I’d be curious to know what he thinks of conductors now vs. the styles of the great conductors during the recording boom of the early 1900-1930s like Victor Herbert, etc.
Interesting question. I can see Ross is reading today so I’m sure he’ll answer but he has a concert tonight so it may be tomorrow 😉
Ross Gunning March 1, 2014 at 12:59 am
Thanks very much! I appreciate all the support. The orchestra has been amazing for me and the conducting is my passion and career! The conductors of today are great but may lack in historical knowledge that the likes of Karajan etc had at that time. I think the modern approach is great but we do miss the interpretation of older conductors some of them knowing the composers also! Hope this helps but be in touch as id love to talk more about it!
DG MARYOGA February 28, 2014 at 7:58 pm
You are a multi-sided talent,dear Charlotte !
Keep triumphantly going,my friend !!!
Charlotte Hoather March 1, 2014 at 9:22 am
Thanks Doda, hope you stay along for the ride 😉
Eric Christopher Jackson March 1, 2014 at 7:52 pm
Great work. Very impressive. What stood out to me the most is the “lonely” road he talked about. The spotlight always shines on the finished product, rarely on what it took to get there.
Charlotte Hoather March 2, 2014 at 3:04 pm
Yeah I’ve had a bit of a lonely weekend, learning new scores, translating, cleaning! but I got to the cinema with my friend Chelsea last night to see ‘The Book Thief’ I really recommend it, you forget how powerful written words are.
Jim Zee March 2, 2014 at 3:08 pm
The power of words:
Six Powerful Words
“Baby Shoes” by Ernest Hemingway
According to legend, Ernest Hemingway created the shortest short story ever told. While having lunch at New York City’s famous Algonquin Round Table, Hemingway bragged that he could write a captivating tale—complete with beginning, middle, and end—in only six words. His fellow writers refused to believe it, each betting $10 that he couldn’t do it. Hemingway quickly scribbled six words down on a napkin and passed it around. As each writer read the napkin, they conceded he’d won. Those six words? “For sale. Baby shoes. Never worn.”
While the anecdote may be apocryphal, whoever did write “Baby Shoes” has forced writers forever after to consider the economy of words. Today, the work has inspired countless six-word memoir and story competitions, proving that a story’s brevity is no limit to its power.
Indeed, totally agree with you. Sincere emotions are beautiful.
Eric Christopher Jackson March 3, 2014 at 2:00 am
I’m always excited for a good movie! 😀 Thanks.
SchmidleysScribbling March 2, 2014 at 6:38 pm
Beautiful job. Water is so important!
Oh it is very important, we take drinking fresh water from the tap in the UK very much for granted. We’re getting flooded out at the moment in many areas but come a dry spell and there’ll be hosepipe bans it’s a shame we can’t find more and better ways to store water in the South of England my Grandad in Kent is always have hosepipe bans most summers.
evelenmargaret March 5, 2014 at 3:48 pm
Great interview from an insider!
Charlotte Hoather May 4, 2014 at 3:42 pm
Thanks Evelen, I missed this message back in March. I’m putting together my interview I did with Andrew Hislop the radio presenter tonight, I love to discover people’s passions and what makes them who they are.
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The nose knows – even newborns get viruses
Almost one in five babies has a respiratory virus in their first month of life, research shows, but many do not exhibit signs of illness.
The University of Queensland study worked with 157 healthy full-term infants born in Brisbane, and their families, from September 2010 to October 2012.
PhD candidate Minda Sarna from the UQ Child Health Research Centre undertook the research.
“Respiratory viruses are common in healthy babies and often go unrecognised,” she said.
“The few studies describing respiratory viruses in newborns are predominantly from neonatal units or newborns presenting to hospitals, yet there has been little research in healthy infants in their first four weeks,” Ms Sarna said.
“High-risk birth cohort studies have found a close relationship between respiratory viruses in infancy and asthma development.”
A recent Danish study showed that even without symptoms, early exposure to viruses may influence future respiratory health.
“Parents agreed to collect nasal swabs from their babies soon after birth, and then weekly,” Ms Sarna said.
“We detected a virus in one baby who was just two days old.”
Forty-three virus-positive swabs were collected from 29 babies enrolled during the neonatal period (28 days post birth).
The common cold virus (human rhinovirus) was the most frequently detected, accounting for 72 per cent of all positive swabs.
“Being the first-born child was associated with a reduced incidence of infection, presumably due to less exposure to other children,” Ms Sarna said.
Parents also completed a daily symptom diary and provided their own nasal specimens.
“Of those babies who returned positive swabs, almost half did not develop any signs of illness,” Ms Sarna said.
“This is possibly due to some protection afforded by maternal and breast milk antibodies.
“When symptoms were reported they included nasal discharge and congestion, dry coughs, wheezing, fever and one instance of an ear infection.
“In six cases parents sought medical advice but most reports were of minor symptoms and no child was hospitalised.”
The earliest detections in babies who went on to develop symptoms were also in the first week of life – on days six and seven.
The study was supported by the National Health and Medical Research Council and the Children’s Hospital Foundation Queensland.
The research is published in The Pediatric Infectious Disease Journal.
Media contact: Minda Sarna, m.sarna@uq.edu.au , +61 7 3069 7212; Kim Lyell, k.lyell@uq.edu.au, +61 7 33465214, 0427 530647.
$8.3m Awarded for Faculty Research
Queensland researchers prove less silver is best for burns
Privacy & Terms of use | Feedback | Updated: 28 Oct 2016
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People Just Do Nothing film coming in 2020
Posted November 28, 2019 by Megan Wyle Filed under
People Just Do Nothing: Big In Japan is now filming…
After five series of People Just Do Nothing on the Beeb, it’s time for a movie! It’s been announced that filming has begun on People Just Do Nothing: Big In Japan in the UK and, well, Japan. A cinema release date has been set for August, 2020, and it’s been confirmed that Allan Mustafa, Hugo Chegwin, Asim Chaudhry, Steve Stamp, Dan Sylvester and Lily Brazier will all appear in the feature film.
“Since the end of their pirate radio station, life has been quiet for the Kurupt FM boys, but everything is about to change,” reads a production statement. “News reaches them that one of their songs has been used on a popular game show in Japan. They’ve made it! Their music is reaching hundreds of thousands of people! It’s finally time for them to enjoy the fame and fortune that they’ve always known they deserved. Chabuddy G steps excitedly back into his management role as Grindah, Beats, Steves and Decoy begin their journey to international stardom… But is Japan really ready for Kurupt FM?”
MC Grindah had this to say: “Japan is the most advanced city in the world so it makes perfect sense that they would recognise our lyrical talent. We can’t wait to go over there and completely destroy the music scene. In a good way.”
Chabuddy G added “You know me, I can sell anything mate. Ice to an Eskimo, halal meat to a racist vegan… selling garage music to Japan is water off a ducks beak mate.”
“Kurupt FM is going global and we couldn’t be happier,” said Rose Garnett and Shane Allen from the BBC. “We just hope the world is ready.”
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ConservationBytes.com
Conservation research … with bite
CJA Bradshaw
Could we colonise another planet to save this one?
© Auston Habershaw
Let’s do a little thought experiment, shall we? The late, great Douglas Adams wrote about a planet (Golgafrincham) that decided to ship all its undesirables (it was not made clear to them that they were in fact considered ‘undesirable’) to another planet to cut their population by a third. As it turns out, it wasn’t such a great idea.
This idea — shipping people to another planet — is a common theme in the sci-fi genre when there is an impending disaster, such as the planet becoming unsustainable, too many humans over-consuming, or because some great natural calamity is about to occur. Many think Mars is the most likely possible place to get the first sustainable human colony going, but it’s going to be a logistical nightmare to put together even a small colony.
Could moving to a planet like Mars stem the inexorable increase in the human population and save planet Earth? Not likely, and here’s why.
Let’s throw caution to the wind and make some outlandish assumptions just to make this point even stronger.
Tags: carrying capacity, extra-terrestrial colonisation, human over-population, human overpopulation, over-consumption, over-population
Categories : anthropocene, human overpopulation, science, sustainability
Cartoon guide to biodiversity loss XXI
Interim post following some mind- and body-stressing international travel. I present another 6 biodiversity cartoons (see full stock of previous ‘Cartoon guide to biodiversity loss’ compendia here).
Tags: biodiversity, carbon footprint, cartoon, cartoons, climate change, economy, ethanol, fishing, invasive species, over-consumption, over-fishing, Predation, threatened species
Categories : biodiversity, cartoon, climate change, conservation, environmental policy
Empty seas coming to a shore near you
Last week I had the pleasure of entertaining some old friends and colleagues for a writing workshop in Adelaide (don’t worry – they all came from southern Australia locations, so no massive carbon footprints for overseas travel). I’m happy to report it was a productive (and epicurean) week, but that’s not really the point of today’s post.
One of those participants was long-time colleague, Dr. Rik Buckworth. Rik and I first met in Darwin back in the early 2000s when he was lead fisheries scientist for Northern Territory Fisheries; this collaboration and friendship blossomed into an ARC Linkage Project (with Dr. Mark Meekan of AIMS) on shark fisheries (see some of the scientific outputs from that here, here, here and here). Rik has since moved to CSIRO in Brisbane, but keeps a hand in NT fisheries’ affairs. Incidentally, Rik trained under one of the most well-known fisheries modellers in the world – Carl Walters – when he did his PhD at the University of British Columbia back in the early 1990s.
During our workshop, Rik pointed out a paper he had co-authored back in 2009 in Reviews in Fish Biology and Fisheries that had completely escaped my attention – it’s a frightening and apocalyptic view of the Australasian marine tropics that seems to confirm our predictions about northern Australia’s marine future. Just take a look at the following two figures from their paper (Elasmobranchs in southern Indonesian fisheries: the fisheries, the status of the stocks and management options): Read the rest of this entry »
Tags: Australia, chondrichthyan, fishing, illegal, illegal fishing, illegal unreported unregulated, IUU, Java Sea, Northern Territory, over-consumption, over-fishing, protein mining, ray, shark
Categories : Australia, biodiversity, China, conservation, decline, exploitation, extinction, fish, fisheries, food, harvest, illegal fishing, Indonesia, IUU fishing, predator, shark, tropical
One billion people still hungry
A few days ago, that printed mouthpiece of Murdoch’s News Corporation in Australia – The Australiani, attacked Paul Ehrlich with a spectacular piece of uninformed gibberish (‘Population bomb still a fizzer 40 years on‘) that we both feel compelled to contest.
The Australian, well-known for its ‘War on Science’, refused to give us the opportunity to respond officially in an Opinion Editorial, so we are compelled to fight back using the blogosphere and our collective networks (which, we might add, probably exceed the distribution of said newspaper). Frankly, it was no surprise that The Australian chose to ignore us.
The article in question was written by Oliver Marc Hartwich of the so-called ‘Centre for Independent Studies’, the hyper-conservative Australian propaganda machine reminiscent of the ultra-right wing American Enterprise Institute, made up of some of Australia’s most powerful business magnates and with no academic affiliation whatsoever. Anything vaguely left-of-centre and even remotely promoting environmental responsibility is considered a viable target.
Recently, we blew the whistle on an equally dangerous man and the institutes he represents – climate-denier Alan Oxley; he and the business interests he represents are responsible for more deforestation, biodiversity loss and financial inequity in South East Asia over the last few decades than almost any single group.
Now we turn our attention to expose the true colours of the Centre for Independent Studies and Mr. Hartwich. Read the rest of this entry »
Tags: Centre for Independent Studies, Charles Birch, human population, IPAT, James Lovelock, over-consumption, Paul Ehrlich, Population Bomb, population growth, poverty, Thoughtless Tank
Categories : Australia, climate change, conservation, corruption, ecosystem services, environmental policy, extinction, planning, poverty
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Biodiversity Cartoons
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Did people or climate kill off the megafauna? Actually, it was both
Adult disguises
Climate change and humans together pushed Australia’s biggest beasts to extinction
Logbook of Australia’s ancient megafauna
What is a ‘mass extinction’ and are we in one now?
Cartoon guide to biodiversity loss LVII
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Get It Blog
Get.it, Get it?
It's been years in the making, but what started as a company name, Get It, created to describe an opportunity to get a branded set of job domains (GetHealthcareJobs.com, GetMontessoriJobs.com, and many others) - is finally getting a domain fitting for the ethos of our brand. We are Get It, and you can find us today at Get.It. What better brand name and domain combination to describe exactly what users can do on our network of sites, but Get.it. Get…
Adding New Leadership in the New Year!
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Getting Serious about matching – We present EmployInsight
Today we're pleased to announce another addition to the Get It family, and this is a big one. We've acquired EmployInsight. We are really excited about this addition to our set of tools we offer employers and job seekers. EmployInsight was developed by Ivy-League engineers who specialize in artificial intelligence, over the past 2 1/2 years. It's backbone is a sophisticated matching engine that we will be using to match employers and job seekers in a much more complex and…
New Addition to the Get It Family – We’ve Acquired Mamapedia!
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Get It® Gives Back
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Get It® Teams Up with Thinkful.com
Thanks to our friends at Thinkful.com, a number of our team members benefited from their front-end web development course. It’s proved to be a great experience so far, serving as both a refresher for our more experienced developers and also as a launching point for our newer developers. But that’s not all that’s great about this back-to-school experience. We’ve also joined Thinkful's employer network because we’re on the lookout for great talent ourselves. We have a number of openings perfectly suited for enthusiastic and enterprising developers.…
Get It® Launches All-New ESLEmployment.com
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Get It® is moving -- in more ways than one! In addition to recently moving our physical headquarters, Get It® has landed a new address on the Internet as well. Or at least, a new domain name. Effective immediately, our official new website is www.GetIt.me. Visitors to our old website, www.getitllc.com, will be re-directed automatically. “I think the new domain is a perfect fit for Get It®,” said CEO and President, Jacob Peebles. “Not only is it easy to remember,…
Get It® Breaks Ground on New Headquarters in Alexandria, VA
Get It® was honored to welcome Alexandria, Virginia mayor William D. Euille to the opening of its new headquarters on North Pitt Street in the heart of Old Town Alexandria. The event was attended by various Get It® partners, clients, as well as friends and families of the Get It® team. Mayor Euille, a longtime colleague of Get It® CEO Jacob Peebles, quipped (we hope only half-jokingly) that our new headquarters would be a monumental step toward establishing Old Town’s…
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It Can Be Told: Spitzer Dribbled Before He Shot
Leitch
Filed to:David Hirshey Is The Closer
David Hirshey writes regularly for Deadspin about soccer.
Let's face it: The media hasn't exactly been shy about exploring every orifice of the Eliot Spitzer-Ashley Dupre story. Except one. Yes, it turns out, the disgraced former Governor of New York, who enjoyed "dangerous sex" with the 22-year-old hooker/r&b singer/top swimsuit model/cokehead also played soccer. He is yet another in the long line of celebrities like Jon Stewart, Steve Nash and Osama Bin Laden who long ago embraced the beautiful game.
I'm not saying he's as fast on his feet as Stewart, that he has the field vision of Nash or is as explosive and elusive as Bin Laden, but I'm here to tell you that Spitzer didn't just like to just stick it in up to $80,000 worth; he also liked to get, as the English say, "stuck in."
How do I know? He told me, although not before I forked over $100 for the privilege of attending a fundraising breakfast in his honor. Which means, at $1,000 an hour, my C-note may have contributed to six minutes of his pleasure with young Ashley.
This was a couple of years ago when Spitzer was running for governor, and there were still people like me who bought into his crusading bullshit. After waiting in line for about 20 minutes and listening to my colleagues pepper him with questions about the Mob, Wall Street corruption and how long before he becomes the first Jewish president, I finally had my audience. I went right for the jugular.
"I understand that you played soccer at Horace Mann," I said. "I played for Hackley."
Now I should mention that neither Horace Mann nor Hackley have ever been confused with the favellas of Brazil as factories for turning out world-class soccer players, but in the in the badass universe of New York private schools, they command a nod of respect.
"We had some real battles with you guys," Spitzer said, relishing the chance to talk about something other than subprime mortgages.
"You were a defender, right?" I asked.
"Left fullback," Spitzer said, showing how old school he was by using the ancient term for wingback.
"I hear you had to mark John McEnroe when he played soccer for Trinity," I said.
"He had such quick feet. He ran circles around me."
And with that, my time was up. Later, I asked one of Spitzer's long-time aides who had also been a teammate of his at Horace Mann, how good a player he was. "Elliot wasn't the fastest guy in the world," he said. "But he was a tough tackler. He would clean opponents out."
Tough he may have been, but when the Feds slid in studs up, Spitzer saw his career dive faster than Ronaldo in the box. From soccer defender to public defender to pubic defender in the time it takes to unroll a condom. I, for one, am disappointed that a Jew who scored 1590 on his SAT could have been so stupid. But it's not like Spitzer is the first soccer player caught with his Umbro shorts down. Remember when Ronaldo graciously welcomed his new Portuguese-speaking teammates Nani and Anderson to ManU by hiring three prostitutes at $600 an hour to ease their transition to life in the Prem? Not only did he get a better bargain, but three days later nobody gave a damn, not even prissy Sir Alex.
Maybe the clear lesson for the Spitzers of the world — and you know who you are — is to become better soccer players. Because if you can score 31 goals like Ronaldo, people will forgive your red cards off the field.
Not that Ronaldo still isn't an annoying little bitch, especially when he pops up in front of the goal in the 76th minute to spare ManU the indignity of a nil-nil draw against those bottom feeders Derby. United's 1-0 victory, coupled with the Arsenal's fourth pathetic draw in a row against a team they should have beaten (in this case, mighty Boro), vaults the Reds into first place on goal difference with a game in hand. Those gagging sounds you hear coming from the Emirates have nothing to do with the greasy meat pies — or Ashley Dupre.
Arsenal now not only faces the prospect of having squandered the title but perhaps second place as well, with Chelsea, also having played one less game, pulling to within three points. As painful as it would be losing the championship to United after being five points clear two weeks ago, it pales next to the soul-crushing despair of being eclipsed by a club that Cardillo anointed as "the most loathsome world eleven, surpassing Team Evil from Shaolin Soccer and the New England Patriots."
Arsenal descends into the cauldron of Stamford Bridge next Sunday, where nothing less than a three-point dick-stomping will suffice. For that, the Gunners will need all the verve and resolve they showed against Milan in the San Siro. It also won't hurt if they had a big, rugged defender in the back other than Senderos to muscle up against Drogba.
Dust off those cleats, Mr. Spitzer. I happen to know Eduardo isn't using jersey number 9.
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Homesickness for Future/ Heimweh nach Zukunft
Acceptance speech for the award of the Heinrich Böll Prize 2015.
Deutsche Version der Rede von Herta Müller
Homesickness for Future
For decades in Eastern Europe besides the common repressive regimes there was a visible, shared weariness of repression and paternalism due to dictatorship. And there was also a shared, hidden desire – the desire to escape.
I know people who lived their lives for years with a projection of the possibility for escape. They thought of escape every day and oriented their life towards it. For example, at university they focused on Oriental Studies for years to just to apply at some later date perhaps for an official trip to Japan – and then, when this opportune moment arose, at the first transit point in the first airport in the West, they interrupted the trip to claim asylum. Others became specialists in technical drawing because this profession involved the skill of surveying. Word got around that the terrain was sometimes surveyed close to the border. So some people chose their profession as the chance of the potential opportunity for escape – and the profession stuck and never suited them and half their life they felt tricked by their illusion because the prospect of escape never came. You can say that thousands of people spent half of their lives in the conditional tense of escape. In this complete wall-to-wall misery the hidden thought of escape was a mixture of despair and hope.
From this time I know that there are collective and individual reasons for escape, thus general and personal reasons. These are equally strong. But the general causes need no reinforcement whatsoever from personal ones to make escape a reality when it finally becomes possible. The general, omnipresent cause is sufficient, the collective hopelessness and bitterness. It grew in everyone’s minds. And it is an obsession, a cause anyway because it suggests: it’s better anyway than here in any other place. This conclusion had been taken for granted over the decades in Eastern Europe. It was ubiquitous. Today once again people make their escape based on this conclusion.
Total resignation underlies this conclusion. This is why it’s so absurd when the refugees, who are arriving now in our country, are described as an invasion or as an avalanche. Escape has nothing to do with aggression. Escape is defensive in every detail that it comprises.
It was always a puzzle to me when the generally existing, silent, courageous thought of escape became the wild and risky, profoundly political attempt at escape. For there was a crucial point at which the quite ordinary, tolerant, inconspicuous, resigned and politically passive individual risked his or her entire existence and escaped at any cost. Because the Romanian borders were closed, they were death zones. At the Hungarian border, soldiers shooting and trained dogs tore refugees to shreds. And at the Yugoslavian border there were boats in the Danube that hunted down swimming refugees and ripped them to pieces with the boats’ propellers. The chances of survival weren’t even fifty-fifty; the end of every escape was open to fatality. Nevertheless, over the years hundreds of thousands fled in secret and often all alone. The bullets, the dogs, the boats’ propellers didn’t frighten anybody away.
I worked in an engineering factory and time and again one morning an otherwise punctual, reliable worker didn’t turn up for work any longer – and then he didn’t ever come back. A few days later we heard he had escaped. It was quite rare to hear a few months later, off the record, that he had sent a message from Munich, Paris or Toronto. Very often, however, he had disappeared from the face of the earth and remained so for ever. He had arrived nowhere. Although none of us had seen his intention to escape, nobody was surprised if one day his colleague at work escaped. And nobody was shocked when he was killed. A gentle whisper of pity was enough for the colleagues. This pity was even tinged with a hint of envy, although the escapee was dead. Bitter envy which was personally hurtful. It was by no means schadenfreude, but a kind of admiration. Like a medal of sorrow for the daring act of fleeing. Afterwards, he was never mentioned again. It would have been frivolous to remember his death in conversation. It would have been half self-betrayal because you yourself also harboured the thought of escape. You had to stay calm inside the mind; escape was in the conditional tense, the hope of the better, personal opportunity. And that worked best through silence.
What do people do before an escape? Some went to the fortune teller. They wanted to fathom out their chances by arranging cards or reading coffee grounds. They wanted to predict chance, perhaps even to exert a gracious influence on destiny.
I had one friend who was a seamstress and fortune teller. I let her make my clothes. But once I happened to be trying things on when a client came to have his fortune told. She trusted me; we had known each other for ages. She hid me in the room and ushered him to the kitchen table. The door of the room was only pulled to – I was allowed to listen in. Yes, it was about escape. Fortune telling must be credible, the main thing was the text of the fortune teller, the coffee grounds alone weren’t enough. And the text was poetry. It went something like this:
“Here I see two feet, that’s you. And there where you are is something green. It doesn’t start here and also doesn’t finish here. It is big. Look, now I see your back very small, it is growing into your back. Don’t go there. Don’t go into the cornfield, into the tobacco or turnip field. And don’t walk over the grass; don’t run into the green space. Here, I see a long neck; it’s a swan and you are arriving at a sparkling river.” The seamstress paused, sighed and asked, “Can you swim? That’s the Danube.” His voice was too soft. I didn’t understand his answer.
While listening I thought how beautiful these surreal pictures are. The aesthetic beauty of language stays with everyone – even more so the less the person has to do with language. Without being accustomed to the beauty of language, its impact is the greatest. But how can telling lies be so beautiful? I asked myself. But that was too simple because the seamstress painted the pictures with her eyes in the coffee grounds; she deciphered them and believed herself in what she was telling there. It was invented, but not a lie. And this aesthetic beauty of language became a dimension that defined the place of escape. The suggestions became concrete instructions in the mind, maps of the escape, plans with methods, times and geographical data. The aesthetic beauty of language was translated into the deed.
Of course, a few weeks later I asked the seamstress whether she knew anything about the man, whether his escape was a success. She said he was lucky; he was now in Canada.
In his lectures on poetics, Heinrich Böll once referred very briefly to the “search for an inhabitable language”. After the war in a country where not only the houses were bombed, for Böll, this phrase probably implied something quite concrete. But he doesn’t add a single additional word of explanation for us about what it is. It remains in suspense and the cryptic element makes this expression so metaphorical and strong. So convincing and paradigmatic. You can use it how you like. Translating the beauty of language into action can be “inhabitable language”, especially when making an escape. One puts trust in language to go away from home, to arrive somewhere in a foreign place where anyway it can only be better than back home. And from Böll one quickly attunes with Jorge Semprun, who states that not language as such is home, but what is spoken. Hence, the content of speech can be “inhabitable language”.
I associate “inhabitable language” with escape because Böll also asks young students whether they can ever make the country, which they have taken over from the war generation in a tormented condition, a “state for which one will feel homesickness”. For Böll that was a utopia. Because he doubted this. Because “between 1933 and 1939, everything that up until then one could call ‘Germany’ in some form, perished, or was forced to go abroad”. He wrote that in 1960 in a letter to Jenny Aloni, who had escaped in 1939 from Paderborn to Palestine, and with whom Böll maintained a lifelong friendship.
Böll also doubted this because after the war only the expulsion of Germans from the East was regarded as “expulsion from home”. In 1973, Böll wrote that the “word expulsion from one’s native land (Heimatvertreibung) attains another, better meaning if one determines its beginning in 1933”. Yet to this very day this has not happened; unfortunately, nobody listened to Heinrich Böll. In the landscape of German commemoration there is still nowhere which puts on the agenda this initial expulsion of hundreds of thousands of people from Nazi Germany. That highlights the great misfortune of flight and exile. The endless routes to Mexico, Shanghai, New Zealand or Argentina. The desperation at the borders, the good and bad cases of pure chance, the desolation of nerves that are permanently broken. In 1974 in his PEN speech in Jerusalem Böll said the “German word misery” was a “forebear of the word foreign”. The émigrés never knew whether they could afford their homesickness both for political as well as psychological reasons. Nobody called them back. Yet post-war Germany would have urgently needed their experience and personal integrity.
Yet in spite of this perhaps contemporary Germany became a ‘homesick or nostalgic home’. Not only for those of us who live here. Also for people who have to escape dictatorship and war. They feel homesickness for peace and security. And because Germany can offer them that they are homesick for Germany. In their thousands they have the same homesickness that East Europeans of my age still know well even without war – homesickness for future.
When I travelled by train from Timisoara to Bucharest for a while the tracks ran really close to the Danube. You could see across to Yugoslavia. And when this part of the journey began everybody in every carriage gradually stood up. Without reason, without saying a word everyone stood up, absolutely everyone; they walked along the aisle and looked across the border towards Yugoslavia. Young and old, and even policemen and soldiers in uniform were standing among them. It was a silence like hypnosis. Like a revelation everyone knew what the other person was thinking now. Silence and watching; eyes like slanting mirrors. The seagull or swallow in the sky, they were flying around one’s neck. And when the train pulled away from the Danube everyone returned to their carriage again without a word. Everyone sat down again and talked again about some subject from beforehand – as if the interruption from the sparkle of the Danube had not happened.
I was always a little lightheaded from this hypnosis in the aisle; I had a queasy feeling when I imagined what it would be like if everyone could unexpectedly escape from the train. Mass exodus happened all that time, but in secret, independently of each other in individual, concealed actions.
And it was not only like this in Romania. Nobody has counted how many people escaped from East European dictatorships, day by day. When the Soviet tanks also came to Budapest in 1956 and 1968 to Prague well over 200,000 Hungarians and 400,000 Czechs fled to the West. That’s why it annoys me immensely that the East European countries today act as if escape were not part of their history. Especially the “ramblers”, who aren’t embarrassed to shout for Putin in Dresden should know that. When it built the wall the GDR certainly set a cynical memorial for escape.
I believe that when the pull of total despair captures a country the mass psychosis of escape emerges. This is the case in Syria and Eritrea. And the pull never ends when the despair subsides, the murdering acts of the dictator, war and the apocalypse of Islamic terror. War is a political enemy and refugees in wars are politically persecuted and every single one of them needs protection. This protection cannot be limited merely because so many need it.
Before the escape expectations of the future are not real. And after the escape they also remain changeable. Anyway the arrival is perceived as rescue. Rescue is a tired word. But everything about it is better than life at home with barrel bombs in the streets. Heinrich Böll was in the war and he wrote, “Most people died young, and dying isn’t easy when one is young: there is a small, official deception in the words ‘killed’ or ‘fallen’; in these words there is a pretence of a suddenness of death that is only granted to a very few. The dying become silent in a way that resembles disdain; they also easily shiver because the macabre majesty that comes upon them is cold.”
Until now there was homesickness for future, but after the arrival the future clings to the skin. Future sounds like shelter, but it is deceiving. For future is abstract and shelter is concrete. Beneath the soles of the feet shelter is a real place. But the future is an unreal time unknown to itself. The present never stops, and one drags around the past. Who knows, perhaps the future starts when the first calm sets in after the escape.
Acceptance speech for the award of the Heinrich Böll Prize 2015
(The spoken text applies)
© Herta Müller
Veröffentlicht von Herta Müller
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Iran's Rouhani claims victory over unrest and blames foreigners
November 20 2019 03:55 PM
Iran leader backs petrol price hike that sparked protests
One dead as petrol protests spread in Iran
Iran says to resume enrichment at underground plant
Iran's Khamenei renews ban on talks with US
Iran's Zarif calls on US to return to 2015 nuclear deal
Iran Hassan Rouhani Iran Protests
Iranian President Hassan Rouhani speaks during the cabinet meeting in Tehran. Official President website/Handout via REUTERS
Reuters/Dubai
Iranian President Hassan Rouhani on Wednesday claimed victory over unrest he blamed on foreign enemies, according to state media, after protests over fuel price rises rocked the nation and left scores reported dead.
"The Iranian people have again succeeded in an historic test and shown they will not let enemies benefit from the situation, even though they might have complaints about the country's management," Rouhani said in remarks carried by state broadcaster IRIB on its website.
Thousands of Iranians joined pro-government rallies in several cities on Wednesday, state media said, after Amnesty International said more than 100 protesters died in the unrest.
State television showed rallies in Rasht, Gorgan and Ardabil in the north, Hamadan in the west, and Shahryar, south of the capital Tehran, where a member of the security forces was also killed in the turmoil.
"The spontaneous (pro-government) demonstrations which you see are the greatest sign of the power of the Iranian people," Rouhani added.
State media carried pictures of Ali Shamkhani, secretary of Iran's top security body, marching in Shahryar behind a banner that read "Death to America and Israel's deception!"
Iran has blamed "thugs" linked to exiles and foreign enemies - the United States, Israel and Saudi Arabia - for the protests. The unrest began on Friday after gasoline prices were raised at least 50% and rationing imposed. They quickly turned political.
Supreme Leader Ayatollah Ali Khamenei said on Tuesday the protests had been a security matter, not a popular movement, and had been dealt with successfully.
Government spokesman Ali Rabiei said a plot to bomb Iran's major gas production installations in Assalouyeh on the Gulf had been thwarted, blaming it on protesters, the semi-official news agency Mehr reported.
Amnesty International said at least 106 protesters in 21 cities had been killed, according to witness reports, verified videos and information from human rights activists. Iran's mission to the United Nations called Amnesty's report "baseless allegations and fabricated figures".
Iran has restricted access to the internet, making it nearly impossible for protesters to post social media videos of demonstrations.
About 1,000 protesters have been arrested, officials said.
The U.N. human rights office said it had received reports that dozens of people had been killed. It urged authorities to rein in its use of force to disperse protests.
Frustration has grown over a weakening currency and rising prices for bread, rice and other staples since the United States withdrew from Iran's 2015 nuclear agreement and re-imposed sanctions.
The government said the price rises were intended to raise around $2.55 billion a year for extra subsidies to 18 million families struggling on low incomes.
Iran says it still respects 2015 nuclear deal, rejects "unfounded" EU claims
Iran aims to examine downed jet’s black boxes, no plan yet to send them abroad
Protesters regroup after day of clashes in Beirut
Libya summit opens in Berlin, seeking end to foreign meddling
More than 300 people wounded in Beirut protest clashes
Libya peace summit struggles to draw eastern commander Haftar back into diplomacy
More than 80 soldiers killed in Yemen missile, drone attack
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Unavailable, Deprecated features, Server
Aermyne
The feature(s) mentioned on this page have been removed from the game, and are merely left on the Wiki for historical reasons.
Opening date:
Aermyne had long enjoyed a glowing reputation among the mothers of Amakna. Changing napples, washing clothes, and giving babies bottles was what she did best, and she did it better than anyone. Only, one day, a voice suddenly started speaking in her head, and everything changed. The laundry and the baby bottles were over, and Aermyne shooed the little brats out of her house with clouts around the ears. No one understood why she did this and so Aermyne was exiled to Pandala.
Aermyne is a server.
For the Set of the same name, see Aermyne Set.
For the Monster of a similar name, see Aermyne 'Braco' Scalptaras.
Aermyne has merged with 9 other servers into Echo (server).
Aermyne is labeled as an International server, but Aermyne is only intended for the German, Portuguese, Dutch and Italian communities. The International community moderator team has no power in Aermyne.
Aermyne was added during the transition to Dofus 2 to allow early-adopters to run it until it is ready for broad adoption, coexisting with most other servers running the older version for a time.
Retrieved from "https://dofuswiki.fandom.com/wiki/Aermyne?oldid=445019"
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Brazil: Counter Drone System To Protect People Now Available
Drone Control, a Brazilian spin off that develops protection systems against unauthorized drones, has just commercially activated the first civilian protection system against hostile drones in the country. The technology is being operated at the Campinas (SP) unit of Brink’s security company. Unprecedented in Latin America, the system is capable of detecting, identifying and tracking unauthorized drones and pilots within a radius of up to 7 km. This allows its application in several sectors, such as the airport, for example.
“The system generates alarms and notifications via e-mail and SMS if a drone invades the security perimeter, identifying in real time its trajectory and the exact location of the pilot,” explains Eduardo Neger, director of Engineering at NEGER Telecom, technology that gave rise to spin off. “In the case of Brink’s, the goal is to ensure the protection of the company’s logistics operations, making it even safer. That is to say, drones are prevented from flying over the company’s unit to spy for criminal purposes.”
According to Neger, the great differential of this system is the graphical interface, which presents in real time on a map the location of the invader drone and the pilot. “With the pilot’s address in hand, it is possible to share the information with the authorities for the appropriate measures,” he adds. The data can be accessed remotely through software in the cloud and the occurrence history is recorded in the system. “Because there is individual identification of the intruder drone, it is possible to use the records as forensic evidence.”
According to the operations manager of Drone Control, Rogério Vale, the costs are very low, since the customer can contract the service for the exact time that demands, for a few hours, weeks or months. “In the case of the airport sector, the service is accessible not only to major airports, but also to heliports and aerodromes.”
He points out that the suspension of flights at airports because of the interference of drones has become an increasingly frequent problem in the world. “The Drone Control solution for detection, identification and tracking is the most appropriate alternative to the civilian market, bringing together all the technical and regulatory requirements to combat the threats of hostile drones,” he concludes.
Source: Drone Control
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Cite this article as: Press Release, "Brazil: Counter Drone System To Protect People Now Available," in DroneBelow.com, August 7, 2018, https://dronebelow.com/2018/08/07/brazil-counter-drone-system-to-protect-people-now-available/.
Intermap Announces Launch of Lido Surface Data NEXTView for UAS Market
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Is Rapunzel Elsa’s Cousin? And How Else Are Frozen And Tangled Connected?
Posted on 24th March, 2014 by Joshubuh
Recently, an imaginative redditor proposed a theory that connected the worlds of Frozen and Tangled.
Below I have compiled what I think are the best pieces of ‘evidence’ raised in support of the theory, as well as one key detail that I believe changes everything.
But first, the theory:
The Frozen Theory
It didn’t take long after the release of Frozen for the internet to spot a certain cameo during the song ‘For The First Time In Forever’.
Princess Anna runs out to meet Flynn Rider and Rapunzel.
In this screenshot from early on in the film, we see a certain Disney princess attending the rare event of Arendelle opening its gates.
Judging by Rapunzel’s hair colour and style, we can see that this is set after Tangled because that film ends with Rapunzel cutting off her golden locks.
Flynn Rider and Rapunzel as they appear at the end of Tangled.
This is not the only proof that Frozen is set after Tangled. In fact, we know exactly how much time has passed between them.
You see, in Frozen, Anna and Elsa’s parents board an ill-fated ship that sadly never returns.
The moving scene of the King and Queen’s demise.
We are then told that three years have passed since the ship sank. This is when the main plot of Frozen takes place. Three years later.
It is, of course, no accident that Frozen was released three years (almost to the day) after Tangled.
The shared ‘7.9’ score is a conspiracy theory for another day.
Because Anna and Elsa’s parents died on their way to Rapunzel’s wedding.
How do we know this?
Well, in The Disney Theory I point out that the King and the Grand Duke appearing at the wedding in The Little Mermaid isn’t surprising as many European dignitaries would likely be invited to a European royal wedding.
(Since I wrote this article, Frozen writer and director Jennifer Lee has actually confirmed in a Reddit AMA that Elsa’s parents were on their way to a wedding. Co-director Chris Buck added that they survived the accident, and may be Tarzan’s parents.)
But Anna and Elsa’s parents were not just invited because they were royalty.
They were invited because one of them was related to Rapunzel.
The Queen from Tangled and her brother, the King from Frozen.
The family resemblance between Tangled‘s Queen and Frozen‘s King is striking, and it makes sense given the setting of the films that a Norwegian princess (the Frozen animators have acknowledged Norway is basis for Arendelle) would end up married to a German king (‘Rapunzel’ was written by German authors, The Brothers Grimm).
It also explains Elsa’s magical abilities, and how the King is so prepared for a magical child. Clearly the blonde daughters of this royal family are somehow susceptible to developing magical abilities. When Rapunzel cuts her hair it turns brown like her mother’s and she loses her magic. Unlike her sister, Frozen‘s Anna is a redhead and never displays any magic (or does she?)
(Elsa’s not the only member of Disney royalty with control over the elements. To find out more, you should read The Lion King Theory.)
So of course when Elsa magically injures Anna, her father immediately knows where they have to go, retrieving a book on trolls and how they can help cursed youngsters. The troll chief even asks ‘Born with the powers or cursed?’ as if he is aware of their family history.
‘Conceal, don’t feel, don’t let it show.’
Having seen his magical niece kidnapped by a jealous witch, it’s understandable that Elsa’s father wouldn’t want anybody to know about his daughter’s powers. This is why he teaches his daughter to hide her abilities, and later decides not to bring her to her cousin’s wedding for fear she might reveal them. Poor Anna was then also left so Elsa’s absence wasn’t so suspicious.
Three years later, when Arendelle opens its gates for Elsa’s coronation, it’s actually the first chance Rapunzel will have had to pay her respects to the previous king and queen – or rather, her aunt and uncle.
It Goes Deeper
Like all great conspiracies, the Frozen theory doesn’t stop at the easy connections. Not content to link just Frozen and Tangled, the threads stretch even further to connect to another Disney fairy tale that also shares an author with Frozen.
Because the sunken ship of Elsa’s parents has appeared in the Disney world before.
It’s the wreck that Ariel explores in The Little Mermaid.
Different, yes, but years underwater will do that to a wreck.
OK, so cynics might point out that this could be just about any ship. So let’s bring in some geography to explain the crazy.
You see, to travel from Frozen‘s frozen Norway to Tangled‘s Germany, you have to sail past Denmark.
Denmark is of course the home of Copenhagen’s ‘Little Mermaid’ statue and is the birthplace of Hans Christian Anderson, who wrote both ‘The Little Mermaid’ and ‘The Snow Queen’, which is the fairy tale Frozen is based on.
If the ship sank between Norway and Germany it would be lost somewhere in the North Sea that Ariel calls her home. That’s how it appears in The Little Mermaid, after years of degradation.
(For a different explanation of how Ariel finds the ship, read:)
Are Frozen’s King And Queen
Actually Tarzan’s Parents?
And so ends The Frozen Theory.
In The Disney Theory I used a certain scene from Tangled to support my theory.
See that book on the right?
This scene shows three Disney films that clearly exist as fairy tale books in the world of Tangled. In the top left we see Sleeping Beauty, below that is Beauty and the Beast, and over on the right…
The iconic image of The Little Mermaid.
So, the question: how can Ariel find the ship from Frozen if it exists as just a fairy tale in the connected world of Tangled?
The simple (and boring) answer would be that it doesn’t.
But What If It Does?
In the conclusion to The Disney Theory I argue that the fairy tales and recurring characters of the Disneyverse are archetypes in a grand repeating narrative of:
‘Daughters who dream of freedom, parents who die tragically and evil relatives who seek to control them.’
Like a computer trying to solve some cosmic puzzle, the Disney universe keep taking the same pieces and combining them in different ways in an attempt to find some great answers.
So maybe Ariel doesn’t find Elsa’s parent’s ship. Maybe the ship belongs to some other ill-fated Disney parents. Maybe the ‘Little Mermaid’ book in Tangled isn’t simply the story of Ariel’s life but is one of the many pre-defined narratives that a princess’ life can follow in this repeating Disney universe.
Maybe we’re looking in the wrong place for answers.
Because as exciting as the Little Mermaid connection is, it has almost completely distracted theorists from a far more interesting unified Disneyverse connection.
Wreck-It Ralph‘s ‘Sugar Rush’ land as it appears in Frozen.
Perhaps the ‘one big computer program’ The Disney Theory imagined is more literal than anyone realised, and the Disney universe is actually a collection of Disney games (and no I don’t mean Disney Infinity).
But that will have to wait for…
Wreck-It Ralph Proves The
Disneyverse Is One Giant Computer
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This entry was posted in The Disney Theories and tagged Beauty and the Beast, Disney, Frozen, Head Canons, Movies, Sleeping Beauty, Tangled, Tarzan, The Hunchback of Notre Dame, The Little Mermaid, Theories, Wreck-It Ralph. Bookmark the permalink.
162 Responses to Is Rapunzel Elsa’s Cousin? And How Else Are Frozen And Tangled Connected?
25th March, 2014 at 4:03 pm
Rapunzel’s power and hair color come from her mother drinking the potion made from the golden flower while she is still in the womb. It is not a genetic trait and therefore her brother (Elsa’s father) would not possess magical abilities that could be passed on to his children.
Joshubuh says:
Good point, though it doesn’t explain why Rapunzel’s mother doesn’t also get magical abilities from the flower. I believe there is significance in the blonde hair. I wonder what other Disney royalty they might be related to…
Maybe it’s more of a susceptibility to magic’s abilities as a genetic trait. Something like that family having a low magical immunity, so to speak.
The idea of a princess with magical ice powers makes more sense in the original context of the idea Disney had, where there was a troll prophecy that the kingdom would fall victim to a never-ending winter.
jeannetta says:
15th April, 2014 at 5:01 pm
i would like to point out that in tangled rapunzel does not loose her powers when she cuts her hair. Her powers transfer into her tears. She even shows this when she saves flynn, her tears fall onto his wound and are more powerful than her hair ever was.
I assumed this was a one-off sacrifice, just like the last magic of the flower came from drinking it. Since the magic came from the drop of sunlight it was then reflected by the yellow petals of the flower and Rapunzel’s blonde hair.
Rapunzel obviously doesn’t show any magic in the animated short or Frozen but it will be interesting if she does in the future.
ernie817 says:
3rd July, 2014 at 4:08 am
The king(elsa’s father) is blonde and he doesn’t have magical powers.
25th January, 2016 at 4:51 am
That is a very valid point, however it could have been that the magic position was used to keep her alive during the birth of her (twin) daughters, Elsa and Rapunzel. Which can explain 1- why they are the same age, 2- why they both posses magic powers, and 3- why they both have their blonde hair 🙂 just a theory
11th February, 2017 at 4:30 am
What if Rapunzel’s mother had twins (Rapunzel and Elsa) but when Rapunzel was stolen they sent Elsa to live with her uncle to keep her safe from mother gothel? that would explain how Elsa has magic powers and Anna doesn’t (as Rapunzels mother drank the potion) It would also explain why they took away anna’s memories at the start of frozen (to keep their only child safe)
Dains Lacson says:
21st January, 2015 at 9:28 pm
ernie817 I think he does have the power to control ice too like Elsa…
This is just my own opinion (theory) If you notice when child Kristoff saw the family riding horses at night to the trolls and there was ice appearing on the road the horses stepped on, he asked ‘ice?’ Now the ice MAY have been Elsa’s own powers but the king knows just what to do with Elsa’s powers. And when they died and Elsa has to take the throne, she looks up to the picture of her father holding the staff and (a ball?) which she also tries to do but freezes it. Elsa may have been trying to conceal her powers much like her father so he had always told her to conceal and don’t feel. Also, the king was very certain that she would learn to control her powers, this is because he had gone through the same thing ^^
Pretty long but just a theory xD
I love that theory however I feel as though if that were the case then her father could have helped teach her how to control it, how to freeze and unfreeze things rather than having to hide it. It also doesn’t make since to me why Elsa is the only one with bright blonde hair in her family, when blonde hair, is a recessive trait. So if you think about it somethings up with that. Now we already know rapunzels background and how she got her powers, but why wouldn’t Disney bother to make a background for Elsa’s magic powers??? Laziness??? Or just simply because the same background applies for both girls, BECAUSE THEYRE TWINS!!!! 😄 to be more specific, they not only look alike, have the same characteristic that should not have been passed down to them under any other circumstance other than magic, but you also have to think why they would have been separated??? Because when the girls were born Rapunzel was kidnapped because she had the power of healing and keeping things young and new. While Elsa did not display any powers. However afraid that someone would come for her too, they sent her off to another land. That would 1- explain why they locked her away for so many years. To keep the one who kidnapped magical Rapunzel from finding out the twin sister had magic too. So it was to keep her safe 🙂
Grace Elizabeth says:
9th August, 2015 at 6:38 pm
I always thought that possibly Rapunzels’ mother had another child a year or 2 after Rapunzel but she was married off (she would be of an acceptable age for this in that time period) to a Norwegian prince (fin fact – Arendel is real. It was a medical fort in Norway.) This would allow for the whole relative thing and the genetic powers and blonde hair going to the eldest daughters. Also for the similar appearance of the Queens of Corona and Arendel. This would make the queen of Corona Anna and Elsas’ grandmother and Rapunzel their aunt though, so the 3 year time space kills that doesn’t it? If the Queen and Rapunzel are sisters close in age, Anna and Elsa could not be as old as they are.
I meant medical fort, not medical
Dammit! Medieval
sarabraaz says:
29th September, 2015 at 6:49 pm
In Rise of the Guardians, Jack’s little sister grew up to marry the king of Arendelle. The moon told her that her first child would have ice powers in honor of Jack, who she thought was dead. THIS IS HOW ELSA GOT POWERS!
Yarden Nissan says:
1st August, 2016 at 2:08 am
How do you know that his sister marry to The king of arendelle?
Teresa Fritz says:
21st December, 2017 at 7:48 pm
Yeah, but one movie is Disney’s and the other is DreamWorks
Rosa Diaz says:
25th March, 2014 at 10:46 pm
Maybe this is why Elsa’s father is so secretive about the “magic abilities” All he knows is that his niece was blond, and saved by a magic flower and kid-napped. But then again it doesn’t state that Rapunzel’s family knew of her powers, only the old lady (kid-napper), so why would he be so scared.
Also, yahoo had proven that Elsa’s parents we on there way to Rapunzel’s return party. Not the wedding. Meaning the reason why Rapunzel was at Elsa’s party is to honor her in the repect of Elsa’s parents death.
14th April, 2014 at 7:48 am
Interestingly, Frozen writer and director Jennifer Lee confirmed Elsa’s parents were going to a wedding in this Reddit AMA. In answer to the same question, co-director Chris Buck suggested they washed up on shore on a jungle island. But that’s another story…
Whether the family could know about her powers is a good question. When the queen is sick at the beginning of Tangled it’s interesting how the kingdom immediately knows they need a ‘magic golden flower’. Presumably this means there were already rumours about a witch and a magically rejuvenating flower, and when the flower cures the queen these rumours were confirmed.
The king sees the witch disappear with his child, so he would have almost certainly launched an investigation in to why Gothel needed her. I’m betting the lock of brown hair in their blonde daughter’s crib was a clue…
Ron mcneal says:
9th November, 2014 at 5:08 pm
yeah that makes a lot of sense but it is just so mind blowing hat elsa might be related to rapunzel.
75niamh says:
22nd December, 2015 at 9:35 pm
Don’t know if you’ve seen this or not, but it’s a really interesting perspective on the Rapunzel/Elsa relation. Definitely worth watching. https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Lhf9dekzyq4&feature=youtu.be
26th March, 2014 at 3:22 am
Have you seen the possible connection of Frozen to Tarzan? That the Anna and Elsas parents didn’t die in the ship wreckage but washed up on shore of an island and had a baby boy. There is a picture of Tarzans parents next to the king and queen and they are strikingly similar. What are your thoughts on that? Also saw someone say they think Jane is Belle and Beasts grandaughter explaining why Mrs. teapot and chip are there… I’m no Disney conisour so I could definitely be missing major flaws in these theories but the Tarzan and Frozen connection is convincing.
Good point Lauren but if that were the case then Mrs Potts and chip wouldn’t be in their cursed form but in their human form because of the fact that they turned human at the end of the movie when the curse was broken. Way before Bell and Beast had kids.
I wouldn’t doubt it if there was a connection between Frozen and Tarzan. Them sharing the same parents.
I just saw a picture of Tarzan’s parents and they do not look like Elsa’s parents besides there is a picture in Tarzan (movie) showing the parents holding Tarzan when he was a baby. Since we know Elsa’s parents were only leaving for 2 weeks there is no way they could have gotten pregnant, had a baby and had a picture painted all before the ship had went under.
mandylobo says:
8th June, 2014 at 10:56 am
The creators of Tangled has announced that Tangled had been set around the 1740s. Since Rapunzel and Eugene feature in ‘Frozen’ looking relatively same, we can assume Frozen is set around the same time too. Tarzan however was set in the 19th century. There is no way the King and Queen of Arendelle are the father and mother of Tarzan. The time is way off.
Appfan says:
22nd December, 2014 at 5:44 am
Has it occurred to any of you people that, based on the clothing, Tangled and Frozen are at least 100 years apart, if not more. I’m suprised to read Tangled was set in the 1740s, it looks like the Renaissance to me, while I’d put Frozen some where near 1800. I know it’s all just internet fun, but the idea that Rapunzel in Frozen is anymore than an Easter egg and is actually intended to connect the films is just silly.
3rd January, 2015 at 8:42 pm
Plus, if they really where Tarzans parents, how did they go from the coast of Denmark to a Jungle?
2nd October, 2018 at 11:14 pm
Appfan Rapunzel (in hair cut form) was in the frozen movie tho
3rd August, 2014 at 1:15 pm
i have a theory of my own. What if prince Hans sailed to another kingdom to get married but actually found a true love so he stayed there for a while and got a son. Soon he decided to get back to his homeland and show his newborn to his brothers but they end up in a storm which carries them to Tarzan’s land. As he says he is ”Prince Hans of the Southern Isles” so it would explain how he ended up in a storm in the Caribbean and his beard is nearly the same as Tarzan’s father’s. What do you think?
Took the words right out off my mouth xD I was going to comment about how Hans has a slight resemblance to the king of Arendelle with brown hair so I imagined Hans older with a mustache and thought that if he isn’t Tarzan’s dad, one of Hans’ 12 brothers may be his dad 🙂
Interesting idea. However, it would only work if you place Tarzan after Frozen in the timeline, because Tarzan’s parents are killed on the island. I like this idea though! I haven’t heard this before; it’s intriguing.
Rose Lee says:
13th November, 2015 at 6:13 pm
Lauren that is an interesting theory but that would mean the King and Queen of Arendale would have to swim ALOT to get to Africa also you may have noticed but lots of Disney characters look alike. Other than that it is convincing. Those are just plot holes that I have found and read.
Disneyconnectfan says:
OK. So if Elsa’s dad is a blonde too, couldn’t he have known about the possibility of magical powers being passed through his own genes? After all, he knew the trolls and right where to go when he needed them. Why and how did he know this? Had he visited them before himself? Perhaps some magical abilities were gifted to his line (maybe by some tiny fairies long ago to another blonde?).
Shiheim says:
2nd April, 2014 at 4:42 pm
Meaning Aurora? Those fairies do get around. They teach at the princess school Sophia the First attends. Isn’t she often visited by the Disney Princesses?
Sandra Kozlowska says:
14th February, 2017 at 11:48 pm
Unfortently I seen the one where Merida appeared Merida is my fave Disney princess but Anna and Merida could be sister because they look so alike they both like adventures Ginger hair:’*
The Sleeping Beauty suggestion is so amazing and works so well it deserves it’s own article.
so how did the haunted mansion’s statue end up in Frozen?
Well spotted! The busts in the Haunted Mansion are pretty modern compared to that last image but the link is certainly there.
If u see the movie tangled, ull see that she was birn with powers because of a flower so the family isnt all magic
whittany says:
In the last picture, the statue head, isn’t that prince eric?
Perhaps! Denmark certainly isn’t far away. But if Frozen is before The Little Mermaid how could Eric already be old enough to be in this statue? Maybe it’s a relative?
Maybe it’s Eric’s father?
31st March, 2014 at 12:14 am
Josh, you see they got married in on 2012 (Tangled Ever After). So this theory doesn’t have full proof or they got married earlier on 2010 and the animators just made Tangled Ever After late.
Tarzan and elsa can’t be related cause in the movie Tarzan. Tarzans dad has red hair and elsa’s dad has blonde hair
29th May, 2014 at 1:40 am
What if Tarzan’s mom was Anna and Elsa’s dad’s sister?
There is also a theory that the parents of Elsa and Anna survived the ill-fated sinking of the boat, washed up on an island, had a boy, then was killed by a leopard. The boy, Tarzan.
Kenneth Stadelbauer says:
16th August, 2014 at 5:35 pm
Tarzan’s parents were the Lord and Lady Greystoke of Englund. That story was set in the 1880s or 1890s. Frozen’s artwork sets it in the 1840s. I think people are reaching a little too far to connect everything.
14th April, 2014 at 11:40 pm
I’d like to see if there is any link to Hans and his brothers who are princes and kings-if we’ve already met some of his brothers…
sofreshithurts says:
17th April, 2014 at 12:56 am
Reblogged this on So Fresh It Hurts and commented:
Just spent an hour looking at this. Fresh? Maybe. Interesting? More than you know. Reblog worthy? You bet.
jayray says:
What if the parnets survived the wreck and gave birth to Tarzan
The Tarzan’s parents are Elsa and Anna’s theory might be wrong. because the ship of Tarzan’s parents contained items not from Arendelle and the Father in the portrait was wearing a Suit and tie in the pic, which I think wasn’t invented yet or they simply didn’t wear those things at that time.
Jeralyn says:
I thought Rapunzel’s magic came from her mother drinking the potion. The magic didn’t give the queen any powers because it healed her…that was the magic working in her. It had nothing to do with Rapunzel being blonde. And Elsa isn’t technically blonde. Her hair is white. Also if they were cousin’s why would Anna have just walked by Rapunzel, singing, when they opened the gate? Wouldn’t she have greeted her?
Becky Chester says:
Actually, in the official Frozen books, it is stated that Elsa has Platinum Blonde hair, which is the lightest hair color and appears to be white hair in certain lights.
Also, lets consider the fact that Anna never met her cousin (it being Rapunzel in the theory) & that she was probably told that her cousin was born with Blonde hair, as well as the fact that there were all kinds of Royals & dignitaries attending the coronation, she might not have thought twice about the pretty brunette in the light pink dress in the sea of incoming people.
well when she walked out she smiled really big when she saw Rapunzel and she waved
Tyler Batiste says:
If you pay attention to a certain thick french accent, you’ll find a Beauty and the Beast cameo in Frozen.
27th July, 2014 at 5:55 am
what!!!!!? I need to know more, just tell, don’t tease! lol
jeffysm35@gmail.com says:
4th November, 2015 at 10:00 pm
Tyler!!!? Now you need to tell more!!
Camille Chuaa says:
21st April, 2014 at 8:26 pm
How can Tarzan’s parents be Anna & Elsa? The shipwreck was in Denmark and Tarzan is in Africa then so how the hell can that happen? BTW Elsa & Anna’s father is a redhead while their mother is a brunette.
DeathByGlory says:
22nd April, 2014 at 4:14 am
Hey I just wanna tell you that Kristoff did sing “Don’t let the frostbite bite”. Didn’t it sounds like Pumbaa’s “Don’t let the bed bugs bite”? Also, is there’s a way that Elsa and Anna’s Castle is actually the Beast Castle?
Amy Tolonen says:
20th August, 2014 at 12:55 am
No because Frozen is set in Norway and Beauty and the Beast is set in France
Evan rose says:
Just a head up at the end he asks how could Ariel exist if it’s just a fairy tale for some of e older disney fans u can recall the little mermaid tv show on Disney Chanel there is an episode that shows Hans christoph Anderson on a ship and catches a glimpse of Ariel which gives the idea to write the little mermaid keep in mind the show takes place before Ariel becomes human so It could be he finished his book before the timeline we see in tangled
DisneyTheories says:
Anna and Elsa’s cousin are Rapunzel. When Anna and Elsa’s parents were shipwrecked, Ariel explored the ship but Anna and Elsa’s parents were not there because they have escaped in an island. In the island, they give birth to a boy named Tarzan, and they died because of a wild cut.
Roblox players says:
Youre right
There is to much of a time gap for that theory
PlanesFan says:
23rd June, 2014 at 1:55 pm
But,why their son named “Tarzan”? Why not another Europan name like John,etc?
21st July, 2014 at 4:23 am
You are wrong because in the start of Tarzan a baby is already being held
The apes named him Tarzan… he is John Clayton, Lord Greystoke.
There is a 40-50 year gap between events, Tarzan’s parents were the Lord & Lady Greystoke (Clayton) and they were marooned on the Atlantic coast of Africa by mutineers. Edgar Rice Burroughs did give quite a bit of background to Tarzan, and I’m fairly sure he didn’t mention Scandinavian mutants at all 😛
While that sounds pretty cool, I do recall it being a plan that crashed. That’s how tarzans parents got there by plane crash. Not to mention it makes more sense for the ‘cousins’ to be ‘sisters’ seeing as they both have beautiful blonde hair (which if you know genetics you know blonde is a recessive gene so even if one parent did have the trait it wouldn’t show because darker hair is a dominant trait) so it makes sense that both girls are “twins” who received their powers from the magic flower potion their mother drank before there birth. Now in order to solidify this you can also look at age. When tangled came out (nov. 24, 2011), it takes place when Rapunzel is 18. Then three years later when frozen came out (nov. 27, 2014) (correct me if I’m wrong, but I know it’s around there) the story takes place when Elsa was 21, which would mean Rapunzel is also 21. So how did they get separated??? Well it was of course when mother Ethel kidnapped Rapunzel that their parents declared their kingdom unsafe and handed her to another kingdom to raise in hopes of she did show to have magic powers, the kidnapper of Rapunzel wouldn’t find out. Which explains why they didn’t seek help for her powers in the first place, because they knew where they came from!! It also explains why they locked her up and isolated her from everyone, even her sister. So no one would try to kidnap her like with what happened to Rapunzel, her twin sister.
NicoleAnn says:
About the Tarzan theory, what if that comment by the co-directoris a hint @ a new movie in development.
And, what if Anna and Elsa’s parents’ ship sank en route to Rapunzel and Flynn’s wedding, because of Ursula’s Mega octo-witch victory dance hurricane. Also, Anna and Elsa’s father seemed to have known something about controlling magic. Plus, nothing in her room remained frozen when he was around.
Pat Pat says:
1st May, 2014 at 9:27 pm
Maybe the king of Arendelle is also the queen from tangled’s son. I know its far fetched, but it would also explain the resemblance in between him and the queen
3rd May, 2014 at 4:49 am
and his daughter’s powers, and the fact that he seemed so prepared to have a magical child, and the theory about the powers get sent down to the blond children in the family
20th August, 2014 at 1:04 am
Actually I think that they are brother and sister. Mostly because of Rapunzel and Eugene showing up in the First Time in Forever sequence. They look to be the same age as they did when they were in Tangled (Or Tangled Ever After. Take you’re pick) and Rapunzel and Anna/Elsa look to be the same age. If the king of Arendalle is the queen of Corona’s son, there would have to be a huge age gap between Rapunzel and Elsa/Anna
5th May, 2014 at 1:23 am
No offense, but I honestly think that you people are paying way too much attention to the little things. There are many more things to worry about in life rather than if Repunzel was Anna and Elsa’s cousin or not. If Disney’s movies are so repetitive than just don’t watch them! Can’t I just watch a movie and not have so many people trying to find out every single detail? I mean, are you serious?
Slippery Dolphin says:
13th May, 2014 at 11:54 pm
?? Why are you so upset about it then?? You don’t have to be here. You don’t have to comment. If you don’t like it, then you don’t have to participate!! You can just watch a regular Disney movie if you want! Look, I’m sorry if we upset you but we ENJOY this!! YOU DON’T HAVE TO DO ANYTHING IF YOU DON’T WANT TO!!!
Just so you are aware, I was reading the comments, and someone mentioned something about Anna and Elsa’s parents being gone for two weeks and not being able to get pregnant in that amount if time. Well, if you had payed attention, in Disney’s Frozen, Anna and Elsa’s parents never returned, so yes they would have enough time to have a baby…I’m just pointing out the obvious.
In Tarzan, the baby is already born when the ship is sunk. In Frozen, Anna says “See you in two weeks” because that’s how long until they come back. The creators of Frozen have released that they were on their way to a wedding when the boat sinks (most likely Rapunzel’s wedding). Anna’s mother is not pregnant when they leave, meaning that it is impossible that she could have given birth to Tarzan in the two weeks that they were on board the ship in those two weeks.
The thing with the whole “blonde hair” …the area that this animated film was to take place, was in Norway…it’s common for people around Germany or Russia to have blonde hair and blue eyes so stop freaking out
Ghougle says:
Didn’t The Little Mermaid take place in the Caspian Sea? Apart from Hans Christian Andersen, what makes everyone think TLM took place in Denmark?
25th May, 2014 at 12:18 am
I like the original theory of Elsa, Anna, and Rapunzel being cousins, the Arial thing is a little far fetched and so is the tarzan stuff, the animation is totally different and doesn’t quite flow with the original theory, unless Eric was Anna and kristoffs son. Or Repunzel and Eugenes son. however, I have heard rumors on Jack Frost and Elsa, are they related by some chance? or possibly just two magic people who meet then marry? what do you think?
Dragoon11792 says:
Rise of the Guardians is a Dreamworks film, so no, there is absolutely no connection.
The Frozen and Rise of the Guardian fandoms like to pair the two up cuz they both have ice powers, but since Frozen is Disney and ROTG is DreamWorks, no, its not possible for them to have a connection.
25th May, 2016 at 7:21 pm
That doesn’t mean the they can’t be connected.
Cinderella, Snow White and Rapunzel are all Disney, correct?
Shrek is DreamWorks, correct?
Yet they are all in the DreamWorks movie together!
also I wanted to add, that the ship that there parents sank on couldn’t be the one Arial finds, I have been studying the ships and there original ship didn’t have little round windows that Arial used to escape from the shark. And the tarzans parents jumped from a boat that was on flames, not swam up from a sinking boat. as for anna and elsas parents were in a server storm and got drowned. now I kinda have a idea. the boat in tarzan could be the same in arial? maybe??
Nikhil Rajkumar says:
I don’t know if anyone realized this yet, but doesn’t the bust in Anna’s picture with the chocolates look like Prince Eric from the Little Mermaid? I might be looking too far into things…but…
3rd June, 2014 at 1:48 am
In TLM, Sebastion sounds like he’s from the Caribbean, but the cook has is extremely French, and in TLM 2, Melody manages to get all the way to the North Pole within a day… it’s all very confusing.
My personal opinion is that TLM and Frozen aren’t connected. Since we have no evidence where TLM take place, we can’t just assume they crossed paths. I support the Tangled and Frozen theory wholeheartedly, and since we have visual proof that Rapunzel knows the Frozen family well enough to attend Elsa’s coronation, its safe to say she has some relationship with them.
Has anyone thought about Kristoff? No body knows his true lineage, since he lives with trolls, so it may be possible that he has a connection with someone else in the Disneyverse. Reply if you have any ideas on this.
I’ve actually thought about this, and I’m wondering if maybe he’s related to Anastasia and the Baker from Cinderella 2: Dreams Come True. If you look up “The Baker Cinderella 2” you can see some pictures of The Baker and Anastasia. Look at Kristoff’s round face, blonde hair, large nose that compares to The Baker, and his dark brown eyes that compares to Anastasia. Don’t forget Kristoff’s attraction to excentric redheads that compares to his father’s…
There is not a ton of evidence supporting this, because it is questionable how Kristoff managed to make his way from 1700’s France to and area near Russia… but neverless, the extreme similarities between Anastasia, the Baker and Kristoff is kind of undeniable.
As I said, PLEASE reply if you have any comments on this!
3rd June, 2014 at 4:21 pm
Good idea! Never would have thought of that, the timing and living makes it kinda far fetched but the accually resemblance is astonishing. Perhaps he was left alone when they crashed on a boat towards Arandelle or Anastasia didn’t want him ( since she has been known for a faul themperment) she very easily could have sent him away..
AAB says:
7th July, 2015 at 9:57 pm
ARIEL AND ERICS SON!!! It could also be there daughters son, but it kinda makes since, I mean, they are close, and if Ariel came first by like 80years then there daughter could be kristoffs mom. Any ideas for a dad? Sorry if I got any of that wrong I’m kinda new at all this..
23rd February, 2018 at 7:12 pm
Actually Kaley, I’ve always thought the story of Cinderella takes place in the 1870’s, while Cinderella’s past took place in the 1860’s. It says on Disney’s wiki that Frozen takes place in 1839, while Elsa was born on the winter solstice and Anna was born on the summer solstice. Now, we know that Rapunzel’s birthday was in the spring or summer, on May 13th, according to Disney. How would Rapunzel and Elsa be twins if Elsa was born around December 21st and Rapunzel would be born on May 13th or possibly around the summer solstice, which would be around June 21st? It still doesn’t explain how King Agnar and Queen Iduna’s royal ship would be discovered by Ariel years later, if the story of The Little Mermaid was available to read in the 1740’s, by Rapunzel and Eugene/Flynn.
apai811 says:
12th June, 2014 at 5:44 am
How did Elsa get her powers?
We have to look at the Tangled/Frozen storylines together. There are many clues that point to this
1. Why is Elsa born with the special powers
2. How does the king know where to go when Elsa strikes Anna accidently
3. Who are the King/Troll in the King’s book – it seems like the trolls had saved someone in the family from frozen head syndrome before.
4. When the troll warns of Elsa’s power having dangers the King says she can learn to control it I’m sure – what gives him this confidence. Why is he sure that Anna or others will not be in danger again
5. How does he know that the gloves will help Elsa – even though other materials like shoes don’t block Elsa’s icy powers?
Elsa likely got her powers from her father’s side. Many hundreds years ago when a drop of sun fell on the Earth the magic flower bloomed with healing powers. Around the same time the force of the wind and water combined in Arendelle away and gave rise to a magic ice crystal which was likely acquired by Arendelle’s King to gain magical powers. However, this power was not controlled and resulted in at least one example of frozen head syndrome and the troll helped. Since then the family did not disclose the powers to anyone. The powers subsequently passed on to descendants, sometimes skipping a generation. It is likely Elsa’s father had seen someone in the family with these powers and that’s how he knows how to help.
This also ties in to why everyone in Rapunzel’s kingdom starts searching for the magic flower when the queen is ill. If Rapunzel’s mom is the sister of Elsa and Anna’s dad then it is very likely that she or her brother might have asked for a search of the magic source – having known of the ice crystal and its power. That also explains why the healing powers was acquired by Rapunzel and stayed strong in her tears with her even though her hair was cut.
This brings me to the more exciting part of my theory. It is very likely there will be two more Disney princesses with powers. We have had two as of now – Rapunzel the princess with the healing and restorative power of Magic flower which was born when a drop of the Sun (Fire) fell on the Earth. The second magical princess is Elsa, with the power of the magic ice crystal born of the cold air (Wind) and Mountain Rain (Water) combining (as alluded to in the Frozen Heart song). Rapunzel has the power of restoration/life and represents Earth, Elsa wields the beautiful but deadly power of water. The next two princesses will have the powers of the Wind and Fire.
12th June, 2014 at 1:30 pm
In response to the previous post, I agree that the Tangled and the Frozen families might possibly be related… and to the response to the Fire, Ice, Wind and Water theory, I think it might be plausible. And guess what! Disney is creating a new Princess movie called Moana! Although we might have to wait for a few years, we might have another power Princess in the league.
And also, maybe we already have a Water power person…
think about King Triton! Although he is defiantly NOT a princess, he still has the Water power.
And this sort of ties into the Frozen Theory too… what if Tangled’s family, Frozen’s family and TLM’s family really are connected, at least in the power department.
Thanks so much for making the connection – I didnt think it through before. Moana is a Polynesian princess and this confirms the Earth, Water, Fore Wind Theory. The South Pacific is the spirited/mystical meeting ground of Fire and Water – where Volcanic Lava flows into the ocean. (Fire goddess Pele is an example of the folklore). Moana is the Princess with Fire Powers.
And the Trolls, King Triton – King of Mermaids/other magical characters confirm that other creatures are able to harness these powers but humans can only do so in extremely rare circumstances. King Triton and probably other sea creatures like the sea witch Ursula possess varying degrees of water power. Pabee the magical Troll ( or rock creature) possesses the Healing/Life giving power of Earth as did some of his ancestors (if he isn’t several hundred years old and was the troll in the King’s book). It is not yet revealed as to WHY certain human princesses were also able to possess these powers – is there a grander theory hiding behind the “Earth, Water, Fire, Wind” Theory. Will there be a princess who brings them all together for a grand adventure ( similar to the assembling of the Avengers). Only time will tell and I can’t wait.
Same here. Can’t wait 🙂
Cokkie says:
1st August, 2017 at 10:14 pm
Do u have any evidence to support the fact that all the disney characters are connected
Muppetaz says:
1st July, 2014 at 5:48 am
Interesting to note, the skeleton of a pirate (with a sword lodged in the place his chest should be) appears on board the ship Ariel explores in The Little Mermaid; how precisely would one explain that?
Audrey Drenes says:
22nd January, 2015 at 10:20 pm
Wait!! If anyone has seen, The Little Mermaid Ariel’s Beginning (the prequel), there is a pirate ship that killed Ariel’s mother. Maybe that’s the ship Ariel was actually exploring many many years later!!
Smiles says:
2nd July, 2014 at 6:21 pm
What if the girl’s magical powers is closely related to marvels “mutants”? Therefore connecting the marvel world and the Disney world.
In the start of Tarzan the ship is on fire and a mother is already holding her baby even though Elsa and Ana’s mother never looked pregnant. My idea is that rapunzels parents also were in a ship crash in the future and they are the ones. A bad luck in families which would also mean that Eric is related to them!
21st July, 2014 at 1:15 pm
Tarzan was raised in a completely different century than Elsa and Anna. There is no way he’s related to them, not their brother at least. Also the geography kinda shoots this theory apart. Considering that they were traveling from Norway to Germany the ship being washed up in Kenya where Tarzan is said to have been set is pretty unplausible.
jmc23 says:
Tarzan’s parents were on a ship which suffered mutiny, but there’s nothing to say they weren’t on another ship prior to that. Let’s say they were Anna and Elsa’s parents, their ship sank so everyone thought them dead, but they were picked up by another ship and *that* ship was then subject to mutiny and the mutineers sailed it to the African coast. That would also add plenty of time to the timeline for them to have another baby. It doesn’t explain why they suddenly become Lord and Lady Greystoke though!
23rd July, 2014 at 5:44 am
So I’m obsessed with the theory of a relationship between Tangled, Frozen, and The Little Mermaid. Many of my friends and family were skeptical. However, today, when watching Frozen for the hundredth time, in the scene right AFTER the Rapunzle cameo, it cuts to Elsa again, and then back to Anna. The first millisecond of the scene when it cuts back to Anna you see her turned around and waving to the exact spot Eugine and Rapunzle were seconds ago. Confirming that there was. Prior connection between the two girls. It’s the slightest glance of a wave, but it’s there!
Maithri Hegde says:
The theory that the Disneyverse keeps repeating patterns actually seems quite reasonable to me; and quite close to the idea presented in Mercedes Lackey’s 500 Kingdoms series (http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mercedes_Lackey_bibliography#Tales_of_the_Five_Hundred_Kingdoms) , where all the fairy tales that we’ve known so far take place in some unspecified medieval era – controlled by a magical atmosphere called The Tradition(or Fate, if you will) which tries to fit every person’s story to match existing ones.
everman says:
31st August, 2014 at 10:52 pm
I have one thing that I don’t understand
what is the map that fell from the old book in frozen
and what the mean of TRNI that wright on the Map
Well I thought that was the map to the trolls. But they didn’t use it! Maybe ur on to something we overlooked!!
Hmmm.. are there any movies where they had to look for treasure?
Eliza Whi says:
1st September, 2014 at 6:26 pm
I believe I’m commenting this in the wrong place, but only because I lost the page I was one while reading when I came up with a theory. What if the prince Ariel sees on the ship is one of Hans’s brother or hans himself? He did have 12 brothers. Or what if on the way back to The Southern Isles they have a ship wreck? And Hans is the prince Areil sees. It seems impossible for both of the ships to wreck in the same place but it would explain why the Duke is in Tarzan right?
maybe Tarzan is a child that Anna and Elsa parents saved from the ship wreck rather then it being theirs, cause the time frame would be wrong or maybe Tarzan parents where also on the same ship. I don’t think Tarzan is Elsa and Anna parents though. Oh and in case your all forgetting Elsa is blonde because of the curse she is born with, she may not naturally be a blonde e.g. like Rapunzel wasn’t naturally blonde she could just be blonde because she has magic inside her rather then the other way round, thus being blondes are magic I.f you remember in the film she frozen Anna mind and even Anna hair turned blonde because she had ice in her. Rapunzel was naturally brunette so Elsa could. But why doesn’t she turn brunette at the end of the film you ask, well this is because Elsa unlike Rapunzel doesn’t actually get rid of her powers, she just simply learns to control them for good. So it is magic that turns your hair blonde to show you are magical. And the reason the queen doesn’t turn blonde is because the baby in the womb drinks the nectar also hence why Rapunzel is born blonde.
Errr-no. says:
6th November, 2014 at 5:46 am
The Tarzan’s parents theory doesn’t makes sense because they had all that extra stuff with them. Why would they things like a family photo if they planned to return?
blakrayvon says:
5th October, 2014 at 12:27 pm
Perhaps we should consider that Anna and Elsa’s father is descended from a certain redheaded demi-god. The sharp, straight nose is rather Greek. Being related to the Gods could certainly play havoc on genetics. And I believe that the ship that Ariel explores in The Little Mermaid, is suppose to be the ship that crashed and killed Ariel’s mother in The Little Mermaid 3. I do believe that The Little Mermaid takes place around the Caribbean (at least the Disney version does) due to the colorful reef and fish and the Jamacian crab. With that information, it could be speculated that Eric is one of Hans’ older brothers, being as Hans is from “the Southern Isles”.
8th October, 2014 at 5:19 am
This is just a thought but the head that Anna sings too what if it’s the head of the Prince Eric statue.
As much as we all want “The Little Mermaid” to actually have occurred in Denmark…..how about all those TROPICAL FISH?
Frau Jott says:
25th November, 2014 at 8:22 am
“Rapunzel’ was written by German authors, The Brothers Grimm”. It was actually just collected by them, like all German fairytales, parts of them being related to French fairytales (like Sleeping Beauty) and eastern European fairytales. Maybe the people working for Disney are aware of these things too?
florence diana elicano besande says:
I hope jack frost from the rise of the guardians and elsa from frozen will soon be related . . think they have love chemistry 😀 hope ull work it up. .
because they both got the ice powers anyway. . 😀
Pstorm says:
Jack frost is dead and can only be seen by children who belive in him
Sarah Price says:
2nd January, 2015 at 10:36 pm
The Tarzan and Frozen theory is not real at all, for one Frozen and Tarzan take place at different time lines. Also when Tarzan s parents bout BURNED Tarzan was already there, he wasn’t born in Africa he was born even before his parents set sail, and finally Tarzan’s parents were commoners and from England, not Norway.
WAIT!!! I just realized something! Maybe Tarzan’s parents aren’t Elsa and Anna’s parents, what if they’re Hans’!! It is certainly likely that since Hans came to the coronation, there might be a connection to Rapunzel as well. People say that Elsa and Anna’s mom didn’t have red hair like Tarzan’s mom did, but didn’t Hans have red hair?? Maybe on the way to Rapunzel’s wedding, Hans’ parents might’ve got stuck in the same storm. Maybe since Hans’ parents are out of the way, they couldn’t get mad or lecture (or whatever) Hans for taking over Elsa’s kingdom!!!!!!! Also I wonder what his connection is with the Duke of Weselton is??
Hmmmmm says:
So at the end of tangled rapunzels hair is cut and goes brown, and you see rapunzel in frozen with brown hair, so why in the frozen fever trailer does she have the long blonde hair again???!!!
If you are speaking of Rapunzel, you must have seen a fake trailer because she isn’t in it…..if you are talking about Elsa, elsa never got rid of her powers, just learned to control them so she would still have her blonde hair.
aero82886 says:
The thing with the hair I have issue with is that lets say elsa lost her powers when she cut her hair! Elsa would have had to have hair almost as long as Rapunzel. Elsa’s Hair grew to just below her shoulders where it should have been even longer if her hair was never cut. This leads to believe that the ice powers is a recessive gene in her family’s bloodline not something that was cursed upon them. Elsa was in fact born blonde but it was more a platinum blonde due to the recessive gene in her blood. Elsa had to have had her hair cut multiple times from youth to an adult or her hair would have been really long in frozen.
Katy P says:
8th April, 2015 at 3:40 am
Ariel in The Little Mermaid is actually in the carribean, not near where Elsa and Ana would live. She is actually between the islands of Jamaica, Haiti/the Domician Republic and Cuba. She spots Eric on a beach in a part of Jamaica called Port Royal, explaining why Sebastian has a “Jamaican” accent. This part of Jamaica was often populated by pirates in then time Ariel would have lived. Famous pirates lived there, including Black Beard. This is why Ariel spots a pirate ship going to a kingdom, they were most likely going to Port Royal. So, this means, that it is impossibe for Ariel to find Elsa and Ana’s parent’s shipwreck.
Maiya says:
if you pay really good attention to frozen you will notice that all of the disney princesses are at Elsa’s coronation and in tangled Anna is one of the children in the town that does Rapunzels hair.
312tacocat213 says:
Whaaaaaaaaa? I’m watching both of those again!
cartoons8 says:
A feature-length movie with the spirit, if not the splendor, of the Disney classics.
Kayy says:
8th May, 2015 at 10:15 pm
I’m pretty sure Rapunzel is roughly the same age as either Elsa or Anna, so it couldn’t be Rapzunel’s wedding.
it could be Rapunzel’s wedding because in frozen Anna asked for Elsa’s blessing of marriage so Anna is old enough to marry and so whether Rapunzel was Anna or Elsa’s age she is old enough to marry
I don’t know if others noticed this but
Rapunzel’s mom and Anna and Elsa’s mom look similar … well sort of, and some people have the theory that they are sisters or twins.
glutenfreehacker says:
I thought the same thing! IMO they look more alike.
Here’s my beef with the theory that the king has powers. If he did he could have/should have saved the ship from the storm, by simply freezing the sea. That isn’t to say the powers don’t run in his family (although according to OUAT it’s from the queen’s side) but truly I don’t think he had powers himself. I am completely sold (and giddy) on Rapunzel being Elsa and Anna’s cousin, although I do wonder if it could have been on the queen’s side? But the point is they are related and it’s awesome!! The Tarzan thing does not line up geographically or chronologically IMO, plus it’s not a fairy tail so I feel it’s a stretch to connect those dots. I so so badly want there to be a connection between TLM and Frozen!! If the time lines were different I even kicked around the idea of Melody being the queen’s mother because there are similarities in their looks. I could definitely see Eric being an older brother of Hans. Note in TLM2 there is no mention made of Eric being king or Ariel being queen, leading us to believe that Eric is likely not the crown prince, but simply a prince with his own palace (so there would be an older sibling involved, one would think). I think there is a resemblance there, although most Disney princes do have a similar “look”. But the smile … the eyes … I could see it. This seriously made my day, lol!
Now my mind just twisted everything up … what if the king and queen were traveling to Prince Eric (of the Southern Isles) and Areil’s wedding?? And then Ariel and Eric couldn’t attend the coronation because Ursala’s crazy sister was hell bent on trying to snatch Melody, so a trip by boat would be out of the question. Although I do really like the theory someone else had about that insane storm being caused by Ursula. Disney needs to give us answers 😛
22nd June, 2015 at 5:20 pm
I think is that Elsa and Anna parents were going back to Arendelle then the storm came cause you should rematch the tangled ever after because it has frozen king and queen in the back row. But I like how you explain it.
joce says:
or elsa and anna dad is snow whites son and the evil queen cursed snow whites sons daughter with those powers idk -.- or elsa and anna are like the snow queen and the summer queen I saw something like that in a movie
Josie Hart says:
21st August, 2015 at 6:54 pm
so Elsa and Anna are related to Rapunzel or no
23rd August, 2015 at 12:53 am
I kept thinking about the ships and realized something: Ariel doesn’t visits the ship where Elsa and Anna’s parents were travelling. I got curious and saw both movies and also made captions and there is a main thing I want to point out to prove what I am saying: The design and something that one really should pay attention to it. Here’s one of the captions I’ve made, from the ship from Frozen: http://tinyurl.com/q6h95yh . Pay attention to two important details: 1) No hatchway or the wooden details like it’s shown on this scene of Little mermaid (Which, also, it’s what Ariel goes through to get into the ship): http://tinyurl.com/oejt7rp. And, on an open plan from the shipwreck it’s possible to notice the second detail: http://tinyurl.com/p9nd4lz. Near the bow, we can see clearly the wooden balusters that do not exist in the ship from Frozen. Seeing this… I must disagree with the thing that Ariel visits the shipwreck from Frozen.
craftytravels17 says:
8th September, 2015 at 12:29 am
You are actually wrong about something. Rapunzel doesn’t have her powers because of heritage but because her mother drank the magic flower when she was pregnant with her. And also, Rapunzel doesn’t lose her magic powers because it is AFTER Flynn cuts her hair that she heals him.
Maybe she had the powers all along, and the flower just triggered them. Something similar could have happened to trigger Elsa’s powers (or maybe the powers just trigger naturally at a certain age).
midnighttoll says:
11th September, 2015 at 11:27 pm
Don’t know if this has been commented already, but there is a portrait of the King from Tangled earlier in the same song. Now why would a portrait of another King be hanging in the royal palace?
Iemcee says:
WAIT WAIT WAIT I have something to add to this theory!
…So if this theory is true and Frozen/Tangled/The Little Mermaid all share the same universe, then it confirms that TLM take place in Denmark.
Denmark. A land mostly composed of islands. At the South of Arendelle/Norway…
Yes. THE LITTLE MERMAID TAKES PLACE IN THE SOUTHERN ISLES.
So, assuming the Southern Isles only have one royal family, that can only mean one thing : Prince Hans and Prince Eric are related.
NOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOO
kaikoespurrmikkusu says:
4th January, 2016 at 10:59 pm
Maybe Kingdom Hearts is canon, and the families of Sora\Riku\Kairi\Roxas\Xion\Namine\Ventus\Terra\Aqua are going around all these worlds with their Keyblades, and thus some stuff in a movie actually originates from the “world” of the other.
triwookie says:
21st February, 2016 at 12:30 pm
I haven’t had time to read everything on here so I maybe repeating someone else’s theory. I agree it makes sense that the King and Queen were travelling to the castle of Rapunzel. But ignoring the tropical nature of the Little Mermaid and assuming it’s in between Frozen and Tangled. I don’t think the ship wreck Aries goes to is the Frozen ship.
I believe the storm that kills / maroons the Elsa and Anna’s parents was actually caused by the end encounter between Aries / Eric and Ursula. It is actually Ariel’s fault he Elsa and Anna are orphaned.
27th February, 2016 at 4:04 pm
That’s quite a theory. I do say its possible. But in all honesty I think the theory of Elsa and Rapunzel being sisters make more sense than cousins
Nyssa Emelie Mikkusu says:
Maybe they’re siblings on one side cousin on the other.
I completely agree. I mean not only do the actions of Elsa’s parents prove suspicious, but their genetics seem to match up a bit more. Not to mention, why don’t the parents have powers? And why did the dad hesitate to answer the questio the troll king asked about whether she was born with them or cursed with them??? I feel like it’s because he wasn’t there for her birth. Now where did her powers come from??? I mean we know rapunzels came from the flower which gave her blond hair, but what about Elsa??? Where did her blond hair come from? And how did she get to the kingdom??? Well
We knew mother ethyl kidnapped Rapunzel because she displayed healing powers. Well if you think about it. At first Elsa couldn’t have displayed powers because well she was a baby and hers wasn’t activated by song. So when Rapunzel was kidnapped her parents decided to send her to another kingdom to keep her safe! Then when she began displaying powers, Anna’s parents didn’t treat it like a normal parent would. Instead they hid it and her powers so no one would come after her!!!
cricketer says:
3rd March, 2018 at 2:39 am
no cause elsa and anna’s parents where different than rapunzel’s ones
and have you realises that elsa looks like her mom
I think that was just a shipwreck that belonged to the kingdom Prince Eric was from if not to Prince Eric himself or his parents.
Maddison says:
23rd March, 2016 at 1:20 am
i never new anna’s and elsa’s mom and dad had a sun.
jaahnvi jeebun says:
22nd May, 2016 at 3:23 pm
wow j’ai jamais cru ke elsa et anna sont raiponce sa soeur
wooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooow
Bonnymum says:
And why were elsa and anna not also going to the wedding? They were older. They were princesses. So surely the king and queen would have taken them.
Nira says:
8th October, 2016 at 7:24 pm
AbSolutely Nothing to add, than this is just cool, even if we might be adding meanings to minor things but then again people do write these stories and such twists isn’t impossible.
Why Disney is doing this…All this time all movies where conected together.Disney wants that we finish they puzzle.And we gonna do it
Ily Calhoun says:
30th December, 2016 at 9:51 pm
how are they cosins?
Lærke says:
7th May, 2017 at 5:39 pm
I still Think that Rapunzel and Elsa is twins, and Anna is there cousin (Tarzan too), the night Rapunzel was taken by mother Gothel, they sended Elsa to Arendale and her aunt (their mothers sister) and her uncle, that explains why the king in frozen waits a little before he said “born with” or something like that (I’m from Denmark and I only remember that part in Danish) but Elsa and Rapunzel doesn’t know that they are twins. (There is many more parts of it but I’m kinda tired right now so I don’t have energy enough for writing anymore)
Xx Lærke
(Btw the author of the little mermaid and the snow queen is named Hans Christian Andersen 😉 Not Anderson)
8th January, 2018 at 7:35 am
I agree with everything in the previous comment except for the Tarzan bit. There would be a serious time gap therefore, Anna, Elsa, and Tarzan could not be siblings or cousins. I am not saying that they couldn’t have been related though…
Alexis Johnson says:
8th February, 2018 at 6:58 pm
I don’t get it why doesn’t Anna have powers?
Bris Theory says:
I have a theory. What if Anna, Elsa, and Rapunzel’s great great grandparents are Hercules and Meg. Think about it. That could be why Anna wasnt born with powers because she got Megs gene. So Hercules and Meg had a child who had Anna and Elsas dad and Rapuzels mom. And maybe Tarzans mom or dad is Elsa, Anna, and Rapunzel’s aunt/uncle. And they were also headed to the royal wedding. So they survived but Anna and Elsa’s parents died. So Tarzan is actually Elsa, Anna, and Rapunzel’s cousin.🤯 It is kind of confusing but I think it makes alot of sense.
Here’s what I’m thinking. Once upon a time there was a family, with Rapunzel’s mother and father.
Now obviously, the queen is sick blabla magic potion boom healthy baby. Next thing you know, your baby is kidnapped. Then, boom, another baby. Elsa.
Possibly a twin, possibly not.
Either way, now they’re freaked out. OMG our child was just snatched no way are we endangering our other child.
So they gave it to a loving family in Arendelle, not too far away. Uh oh, just realized, that the magic powers from the queen backfired. So I’m assuming maybe there was some left, that got transferred into the genes of Elsa, and so now Elsa has ice powers.
And cause Rapunzel has this vivid beautiful bright hair, and all that magic was used, Elsa now is left with platinum blond hair (which would explain how different it is).
Even more so, Rapunzel’s power is healing right, well then BAM the kinda opposite is ice. Cold. Freezing. Not glowing like a fire.
So anyways, Elsa grows up, unaware, and soon has a little sister named Anna.
Then the whole icy blast incident happens between Elsa and Anna and now, the King is like whaaaa!!
So anyways, they go to the trolls (still not sure how he knows) and heal Anna.
The king and queen don’t want to endanger Anna or Elsa or bring the kidnappers attention so they keep them away from the world. Specifically Anna cause ya know, their real child.
Now, they go on the boat. THIS IS NEW, I HAVENT DONE MUCH RESEARCH but what if, hear me out, they are on the same boat, or again, hear me out, in the same storm as prince Eric. Both going to the wedding or whatever… Not sure about timelines though.
Or, their ship crashed and became the monument boat that Ariel was exploring…thats obvious, its a common theory.
So the three that connect that way, in my opinion, are
Frozen, Ariel and Rapunzel
Then again Im probably completely wrong…
spring crider says:
OMG! i think that Anna has secret fire powers. She has red hair, brighter red than the kings, and Elsa’s white hair means ice and snow. my own little theory.
The Dark Backstory Behind Elsa’s Prison Cell
Do Zootopia and Robin Hood take place in an alternative Disney universe?
Kingdom Hearts: Fragmented Keys And The 8 Missing Worlds Of Kingdom Hearts III
Is Rapunzel Elsa's Cousin? And How Else Are Frozen And Tangled Connected?
30 Disney Movies That Share A World
Could Frozen's King And Queen Also Be Tarzan's Parents?
Aladdin Is Set In A Distant Post-Apocalyptic Future
Tarzan's Jane Is Descended From Beauty And The Beast's Belle
Head Canons
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Main article: Willy Wonka First appearance Willy Wonka and the Chocolate Factory Created by Roald Dahl Portrayed by 1971 2005 Voiced by JP Karliak Information Gender Male In the novels and films, Willy Wonka is the eccentric owner of the world's largest factory, making candy and chocolate.
Wonka holds a contest, hiding five Golden Tickets within the wrappers of chocolate bars, promising their finders a tour of his factory and a lifelong supply of his creations.
Wonka has a black goatee and "marvelously" bright eyes, a high and "flutey" voice, a face "alight of fun and laughter", and quick little jerky movements "like a squirrel".
He is enthusiastic, talkative, friendly and charming, but is sometimes insensitive and has been given to glossing self-criticism.
In the 1971 filmhe is portrayed by.
While his personality remains generally the same as in the original, he is more melancholy here, and frequently quotes books and poems, including 's "Is it my soul that calls upon my name?
Toward the end of the film, he tests protagonist Charlie's conscience by reprimanding and pretending to deny him any reward, due to him and Grandpa Joe sampling the Fizzy Lifting Drinks against his orders, but assumes an almost paternal role when Charlie proves honest.
Wilkinson known earlier as "Slugworth".
He explains they had to test him and Charlie passed.
As they go to the Wonkavator, Wonka tells Charlie that the real grand prize is the entire chocolate factory and makes Charlie Bucket the new owner of the Willy Wonka Chocolate factory as Willy Wonka retiresand the entire family can move in and live there.
Wonka also reminds Charlie not to forget about the man who suddenly gets everything he ever wanted: he lives happily ever after.
In this version, a back-story was added that Egg chicken game Wonka's father being a dentist would not let him eat sweets because of the potential risk to his teeth, and that the young Wonka left home to become a chocolatier.
The conflict was so bad on young Wonka portrayed bythat he took no interest in the kids when they arrived and couldn't even say the word "parent".
He later gains a soft spot for Charlie and the chocolate factory games oompa loompa roundup and offers him a spoon from the chocolate river.
Toward the end of the film, Charlie reconciles the two.
He is depicted as a kind-hearted and selfless boy that lives with his mother, father and his four grandparents.
In 1971, he has a newspaper route after school.
He and his family follow the progress of the hunt for the Golden Tickets in newspapers and television.
Unlike the first four finalists, Charlie is honest and generous; he is actually worried if the other nasty children such as Augustus and Veruca will actually be alive after their ordeals.
In the 1971 film, Charlie was portrayed byin his only film appearance.
His charlie and the chocolate factory games oompa loompa roundup is never explicitly stated, but in the 1971 film, he speaks with an American accent, and in the 2005 film, he speaks with an English accent.
The filmmakers have stated that it was their intention that Charlie's hometown be kept ambiguous.
In this version, when Grandpa Joe decided to accompany Charlie to the factory, Charlie explains that the family needs the money now, instead of the ticket, then Grandpa George explains the reason why Charlie still has to go to the factory, and indeed he and Grandpa Joe did.
In the novel, at the end of the tour, Wonka declares Charlie heir to the factory for his refusal of vice, and Charlie's family are permitted to move into the factory.
In the 1971 film, Charlie wins the factory when he returns an Everlasting Gobstopper given to him by Wonka, thereby passing Wonka's moral test.
In the 2005 film, Wonka initially refuses to allow Charlie's family to join them in the factory, and Charlie rejects Wonka's offer.
When Charlie helps Wonka reconcile with his father, the family move into the factory, and Charlie charlie and the chocolate factory games oompa loompa roundup Wonka both became partners.
He is one of Charlie's four bed-ridden grandparents.
He is usually stubborn, senile, and paranoid, but still kind, caring, grandfatherly, excitable, and supportive.
He tells Charlie and the reader the story of Willy Wonka's chocolate factory and the mystery of the secret workers.
When Charlie finds the Golden Ticket, Grandpa Joe leaps out of bed in joy, and later accompanies Charlie on the factory tour.
In the sequel book, Grandpa Joe accompanies Charlie, Willy Wonka, and all members of Charlie's family in the Great Glass Elevator and assists the rescue of the Commuter Capsule from the.
Grandpa Joe's age is given as "ninety-six and a half" in "Charlie and the Chocolate Factory", making him the eldest of Charlie's grandparents, but in the musical, it is stated he is almost ninety and a half.
The character was played by in the 1971.
In this film, he is often excitable, paranoid, and stubborn, and appears anxious that Charlie won the contest, and becomes angry when Charlie is dismissed without reward, although they both violated the rules by stealing Fizzy Lifting Drinks and not following the tour, which indicated that Charlie violated the contract, unaware that Wonka had found out what they had done.
He tells Charlie that he expects him to find all five Golden Tickets and most certainly expects Charlie to find one when he receives a Wonka Bar for his birthday.
The character was played by in the 2005 film adaptation.
Veteran actor was originally selected to play the role, but he died in 2003 before filming began.
This version of the character is written as more calm than the 1971 version.
An original backstory to Grandpa Joe's past was added to 's film, wherein it is said that Joe worked for Wonka until the latter fired all his workers from his factory due to constant corporate espionage by rival confectionery manufacturers.
When he returns to the factory with Charlie for charlie and the chocolate factory games oompa loompa roundup tour, Wonka asks if he was a spy working for a competing factory before he humbly welcomes him back.
He hails from fictitious Dusselheim, Germany in the 1971 film, andGermany in the 2005 film.
His mother takes great pride in his gluttonous eating and seems to enjoy the attention of the media.
alice and wonderland online game the novel and both films, he is portrayed as "enormously fat".
His parents are summoned to retrieve him from the mixing-machine.
In the book, he is depicted leaving the factory, having lost most of his weight, and covered in melted chocolate.
In the 1971 film, despite eating constantly, he has decent table manners, is not as obese as he is in the book, and is polite to Charlie and the other finalists.
He is portrayed by Michael Bollner in this film.
Since Bollner could not speak fluent English at the time of the film's production, the 1971 Augustus has fewer lines and less screen time.
In the 2005 film, Augustus is always shown consuming chocolate.
He has a and often has food smeared on his face.
He is a bully towards Charlie in the one instance when they interact, as Augustus offers Charlie a bite of his Wonka Bar and then retracts it, saying Charlie should have brought some himself.
As in the book, he is shown leaving the factory toward the end of the story; but in this version, he is his normal size, licking his fingers to remove the adherent chocolate he is still coated in.
The actor, Philip Wiegratz, wore a fat suit for the production.
In the book, both of Augustus's parents accompany him to the factory.
Both film versions contradict this, however, and have only his mother go with him.
In the charlie and the chocolate factory games oompa loompa roundup London musical, Augustus Gloop is known as "the Bavarian Beefcake" in his Alpine community.
His mother and father indulge his eating habits with sweets and pieces of sausage of which they and sometimes Augustus butcher themselves.
In his number, "More of Him to Love", Frau Gloop reveals that she had vital organs removed to retrieve Augustus from the womb.
They arrive at the factory wearing traditional Eastern European clothing, with Augustus in a red, argyle sweater and green shorts.
When Augustus falls into the chocolate river Wonka summons the diversionary pumping system to divert the flow, while Oompa Loompas dressed in red boiler suits sing, "Auf Wiedersehen Augustus Gloop", as they prepare the chocolate, while Augustus travels through the main industrial pipe, occasionally getting stuck.
The 2017 Broadway rendition of the musical does not largely alter the character, though he and all the other finalists sans Charlie are portrayed by adults.
She is the vain, self-centered, snobby, disrespectful, and gum-obsessed child.
Violet chews gum obsessively and boasts that she has been chewing the same piece "for three months solid", a world record which Violet proclaims was previously held by her best friend Cornelia Prinzmetel.
She is also aggressively competitive, prideful and has won trophies for gum chewing.
In the 1971 film, she is shown to be fromMontana, while in the 2005 film, she is fromGeorgia.
When Wonka shows the group around the Inventing Room, he stops to display a new type of he is working on.
The gum doubles as a three-course meal which is composed of tomato soup, roast beef and baked potato, and blueberry pie and ice cream.
Violet is intrigued and, despite Wonka's protests, snatches and chews the gum.
She is delighted by its effects but, when she reaches the dessert,her skin starts turning a somewhat indigo color and her body begins to swell up, filling with juice.
Eventually, Violet's head, legs, and arms get sucked into her gigantic body, but she is still mobile and is able to waddle.
When her swelling stops, she resembles a roundcausing Wonka to have the roll her to the Juicing Room to have the juice squeezed out of her in fear she may explode.
She is last seen leaving the factory with the other children, restored to her normal size and becomes more flexible, but with indigo skin like of a blueberry and is permanent.
Wonka says there is nothing that can be done to change Violet's skin back to its original pigment.
In the 1971 film, Violet is impatient, arrogant, self-centered, vain, and impulsive.
She is accompanied by her father, Sam Beauregarde, a fast-talking car salesman and politician who tries to advertise his business during Violet's television interview.
She demeans Cornelia Prinzmetel more than she did in the book.
She was polite to everyone, though she has a notable rivalry with Veruca Salt, with whom she persistently argues.
Her blueberry form is relatively small, and her hair color remains unchanged.
Violet is informed that she must be juiced immediately before she explodes and is last seen en route to the Juicing Room, with her father following her.
In the 2005 film, Violet portrayed by has a rude, impatient and competitive personality.
Aside from gum-chewing, she also has many other interests that reflect her obsession with always winning, such as.
She is accompanied by her single mother, Scarlett Beauregarde a former baton champion herself whose own competitive personality appears to have had an influence on her daughter, as Scarlett expresses pride over Violet's 263 trophies and medals.
Cornelia Prinzmetel was not mentioned in this film.
In this version, when she and Veruca interact with each other, they demands to be best friends, though they don't really like each other.
Violet is also shown to be anti-social and bullying when she briefly insults Charlie, snatching a piece of confectionery from his hand and calling him a loser when he tries to interact with her.
She turns blue, although her lips remain red, and swells up into a 12-foot blueberry before being rolled off to the Juicing Room by the to prevent her from bursting.
Violet is shown leaving the factory gymnastically as a consequence of her increased flexibility, which she is actually happy about, although her mother is less than pleased with her daughter's permanently indigo color.
Her theme is called "The Double-Bubble Duchess".
It is revealed that Violet's chewing "skill" was picked up when she was a baby and her mom tried to get her to stop talking all the time.
Violet and her father are escorted by an entourage to the factory entrance.
Violet comes dressed in a sparkly purple and pink disco jumper and a pink backpack.
Upon swelling in the influence of the experimental gum which consisted of tomato soup, roast chicken, potatoes and gravy, Fizzy Orange, cheese and crackers and blueberry pieshe panics and runs away as the Oompa Loompas break into a disco number, "Juicy", and roller skate along the stage as Violet lifts into the air, resembling a giant purple disco-ball.
Beauregarde phones his lawyer excitedly, with intent to profit from Violet's new size, until Violet explodes.
Wonka's only reassurance of her survival is the prospect of rescuing the pieces and de-juicing them.
In the Broadway version, the song "Juicy" is cut out the only charlie and the chocolate factory games oompa loompa roundup song to be cut from the London versionand Violet instead becomes a blueberry and explodes in the background while Wonka explains how he met the Ooompa-Loompas to the group.
game terms and conditions demands every single thing she wants, the chances games and casino person to find a Golden Ticket and the third eliminated from the tour.
A selfish, rotten brat who shows her wealthy family no mercy and has absolutely no regard for other people's property, Veruca frequently pesters her parents to purchase a variety of different objects for her, when the tour reached the Nut Room—a room where trained squirrels test each nut if it is good or bad by tapping them with their knuckles, and Veruca demands her parents to buy one for herself, Wonka refused, so she goes in and get one for herself, but the squirrels grabbed her and declared her a bad nut, after that, both she and her parents are thrown down the garbage chute, all three Salts are seen exiting the factory "covered in garbage".
In the 1971 film adaptation, Veruca has a fiery temper, rudely demands various desires nonstop, brags about her wealth, and chastises anyone who questions her.
In this film it is not squirrels but geese that lay special golden chocolate-filled eggs for Easter, one of which she demands as a new pet.
She and Violet, in this film, bicker on two occasions.
Her father then follows and is also deemed bad.
In theVeruca and her father manage to escape the furnace right before it ignites while trapping inside.
Veruca demands to be taken home and have her father make her a different chocolate factory, but Mr.
Salt, having had enough of Veruca's spoiled and selfish behavior, finally decides to discipline her as the near-death experience seems to have finally gotten to him.
In the 2005 film adaptation, Veruca's elimination remains virtually the same as in the book, with only a few changes made.
Her demeanor is less vehement, but more obnoxious, compared to the 1971 version.
In the 2005 film, it is revealed that she owns a pony, two dogs, four cats, six rabbits, two parakeets, three canaries, a parrot, a turtle, and a hamster, totalling up to 21 pets.
But when she interferes with the trained used by Willy Wonka to select the best nuts to bake into chocolate bars, she is judged as a "bad nut" by the squirrels and discarded into the adjacent 'garbage chute' and her dad being with her follows suit.
Both are later seen leaving the factory "covered in garbage".
When she sees the Glass Elevator, she asks her dad to buy her one; However, her father, having learned a good parenting lesson from the Oompa-Loompas and finally realizing how much he has spoiled her, sternly tells her that she will only be getting a bath that day instead, and shoots her a fierce glare for trying to argue any further, causing her to remain silent but sulk.
Her nationality was never specified in Dahl's novel, but she hails from an upper-class family in the in both films.
In the book, both of Veruca's parents accompany her to the factory.
Both film versions contradict this, however, and have only her father go with her.
In the 2013 Sam Mendes London musical, Veruca Salt is a British billionaire's daughter, dressed in a pink ballerina tutu and baby seal fur coat - "clubbed and tickled pink".
Her father, Sir Robert Salt, is portrayed as a spineless dolt for giving his daughter her wishes.
In the Nut Sorting Room, Veruca runs foul of the nut-testing squirrels who deem her a 'bad nut' when she tries to steal one.
This summons oversized squirrels with Oompa Loompas riding on their backs.
In the Broadway version, Veruca's nationality is changed to Russian, and the squirrels tear her apart limb by limb, but Wonka assures the group that the Ooompa-Loompas will be able to put her back together.
He is click the following article, slothful but also intelligent.
How he found his Golden Ticket is never explained in the book or 1971 film as he is too absorbed in his television viewing to talk to the press about it.
In the 2005 film, he does have an explanation on how he found the Golden Ticket: he used an to find it as an intellectual exercise.
In the book, both of Mike's parents tour the factory with him.
During a display of miniaturization technology, used to transport chocolate, Mike shrinks himself to a tiny size, Willy Wonka has an Oompa-Loompa take the Teavee family to the Gum-Stretcher Room to get Mike stretched back to normal.
Mike is last seen exiting the factory, now 10 ft 3 m tall because the Oompa-Loompas overstretched him.
In the 1971 film, Mike is played by and his surname is spelled "Teevee" in the credits.
Mike is nine years old and accompanied to the factory by his high-strung mother.
He is from Arizona, enjoys Western films and wears attire.
He makes constant references to television shows throughout the factory tour and comes across as somewhat of a know-it-all.
Although easily annoyed, he does not have any major anger issues and gets along relatively well with the other kids.
After being shrunk to 3 inches, Mike is being taken to the taffy pulling room to be stretched back to normal, which causes his mother to faint; unlike the book he on the advice of his mother is receptive to Slugworth's bribe.
In the 2005 film, 13-year-old Mike is portrayed by interests are updated to the Internet and video games especially gory first-person shootersin addition to television viewing.
In this version, he is fromand is portrayed as more seething and violent.
In the Chocolate Room, when Wonka told everyone to enjoy, he didn't eat any candy in the room, instead he was stomping on a candy pumpkin, completely destroying it in the process, and when Mr.
Teavee told him to stop, he ignores him with a brief sentence: "Dad, he said enjoy!
He is able to find the Golden Ticket by using math and logic, though he admits he does not even like chocolate.
When they arrive in the Television Chocolate Room, Mike points that Wonka could use his teleportation device to revolutionize mankind, as opposed to distributing his products.
Teavee tries to reason with Mike, the boy insults Wonka.
After the incident in the Television Chocolate room, Willy Wonka has an Oompa-Loompa take Mr.
Teavee and Mike to the Taffy-Puller Room to have Mike stretched back to normal.
When Mike and his father are later seen leaving the factory, Mike is 10 ft 3 read more tall as well as incredibly thin and flat.
In the 2013 Sam Mendes London musical, Mike Teavee now age 10 lives in a suburban neighborhood with his disinterested father Norman Teavee and neurotic, alcoholic mother, Doris Teavee, in this version, he is wearing a black shirt with an orange jacket on the outside.
Their opening number, "It's Teavee Time!
Teavee presenting her family as a normal, functioning household, downplaying Mike's violent tendencies like setting a cat on fire, chloroforming a nurse, and stealing a German tank.
In the Department of the Future, where Wonka transmits chocolate by television, Mike jumps into the machine and transmits himself, much to his mother's horror.
Wonka summons the monitors to see on which channel Mike has ended, as the Oompa Loompas rave around the room, singing, 'Vidiots'.
Near the end, Mrs.
Teavee joins the rave, as they conclude that Mike still has a future on 'Mike.
When Mike is shrunk as a result of the transporter, Mrs.
Teavee happily takes him home as he can no longer cause trouble and she can take care of him like when he was a baby.
In the Broadway version of the musical, lyrics in Mike's song and some of Mike's mannerisms reference.
Slugworth, along with Wonka's other rivals Mr.
Prodnose, sent in spies to steal the secret recipes to Wonka's treats, which he plagiarized, nearly ruining Wonka's factory.
In the 1971 movie, Willy Wonka states that Slugworth would give his false teeth to get in for just five minutes.
Slugworth has a much larger role as an enigmatic villain in the 1971 film.
Inside Bill's Candy Shop, Wonka's charlie and the chocolate factory games oompa loompa roundup and signs are the most visible; but Slugworth's Sizzlers are also prominent, and one is even sold to a child.
Also seen are signs for Fickelgruber's candy.
Grandpa Joe describes Slugworth as the worst of Wonka's rivals.
As each Golden Ticket is found, a sinister man approaches the finder and whispers something into his or her ear.
After Charlie finds the last ticket, the same man approaches Charlie as well, introduces himself as Arthur Slugworth, and offers the child a bribe to bring him one piece of the newly invented 'Everlasting Gobstopper', allowing him to plagiarize the formula and prevent the future invention from ruining his business.
Two of the children Veruca and Mike respond to Slugworth's bribe; but Charlie, when tempted, returns the Everlasting Gobstopper to Wonka.
Wonka eventually reveals that the tempter is not Slugworth, but his own employee Mr.
Wilkinson, and that his offer was a moral test of character.
Slugworth only makes a split-second appearance in Tim Burton's Charlie and the Chocolate Factory where he alongside Mr.
Prodnose are sending spies to steal ingredients from Wonka's factory.
He is here played by.
In the Tom and Jerry version of the 1971 film, Slugworth is the main antagonist, instead of an enigmatic villain.
When he first meets Charlie, he sings a cover of Veruca's song, "I Want it Now!
He teams up with to steal a Gobstopper from the factory, but the two are thwarted by Charlie, Tom, and Jerry.
Despite being more emphasized as a villain, he is still revealed to be Wonka's employee Mr.
He has an odd sense of humor, which he uses to express knowledge.
He asks Charlie to assist him in making a medicine using several scientific https://dkrs-sochi.ru/and-games/games-and-go-roseville.html for the class but the project is interrupted due to the frantic golden ticket search for Willy Wonka.
Turkentine when hearing the news about the golden tickets during the project dismisses the class and runs out.
Later when it is revealed that all the tickets have supposedly been found ending with a Paraguayan millionaire he decides to use Wonka bars as an example to teach his class about percentages.
He uses a few students as examples for the class, including Charlie.
Charlie however reveals that he only opened two Wonka bars during the search and so to help make it easier for his class, he decides to pretend Charlie opened 200.
Turkentine is played by British actor.
He appears in the third chapter of the novel when Grandpa Joe is telling Charlie a story.
In the story, makes him a chocolate in India, that melts in the hot weather, as he had rejected Willy Wonka's advice to eat it before it melted in the heat.
His name derives from the city of officially spelled Puducherry since 2006 in southeastern India.
He is absent from thebut makes a brief appearance in Tim Burton's Charlie and the Chocolate Factory, where he is played by.
His story here matches that in the book, except in depicting his wife and stating that the Prince demanded a second palace, but was refused due to Wonka dealing with problems of his own at the time that involved spies sent by his rivals.
They are paid in their favorite food,which were extremely rare on their island.
The Oompa-Loompas are also mischievous, loving practical jokes and singing songs which, according to Wonka, they are very good at improvising.
They sing at the end of each child's demise.
In early editions of the novel, the Oompa-Loompas originally called "Whipple-Scrumpets" before click and play games online on mobile are shown as African before Dahl rewrote them to be white-skinned and golden haired.
In both editions, despite working in the factory, Oompa-Loompas insist on maintaining their native clothing: men wear skins, women wear leaves, and children wear nothing.
In the 1971 film,they were written to be played by actors with and are portrayed as orange-skinned, green-haired men in striped shirts and baggy -like pants.
Prominent charlie and the chocolate factory games oompa loompa roundup included,Rudy Borgstaller, Jo Kilkenny, Andy Wilday,Ismed Hassan, Norman Mcglen, Pepe Poupee, Marcus Powell, and Albert Wilkinson.
In the 2005 film, the Oompa-Loompas are all played by and are virtually identical.
They wear their tribal clothing during their time in Loompaland, and typical factory worker uniforms in Wonka's Factory.
Some of the female Oompa-Loompas, like Doris, work in the administration offices.
Oompa Loompas' favorite color is green.
They are also mentioned in the 1971 feature film adaptation,but here are mentioned only as predators of the Oompa-Loompas.
In the book, Vermicious Knids are huge, dark, egg-shaped predators who swallow their victims whole, and are capable of surviving, operating, and traveling faster than light, in the vacuum of space.
Although normally oviform, they can assume any shape at will, while retaining their native texture and features.
They originate according to Mr.
Wonka on the planet Vermes, a fictional planet located in dialogue 184,270,000,000 miles 2.
In the presence of victims, they cannot resist shaping themselves to spell the word "SCRAM" the only word they know before they attack.
In Charlie and the Great Glass Elevator, a swarm of Knids take possession of the new Space Hotel "U.
When the transport capsule brings the staff to the Space Hotel, the Knids consume some of the staff, and the survivors retreat to the capsule.
There, the Knids bludgeon the capsule with their own bodies, until its are useless; whereupon Wonka, Charlie, and Grandpa Joe connect the capsule to the Elevator, in hope of towing it to Earth, and one Knid wraps itself around the Elevator while the others form a chain, intending to draw the Elevator and capsule to visit web page home planet.
The Elevator then returns to Earth, and the Knids are incinerated in Earth's atmosphere.
When created its interpretation of Wonka's world to sell chocolate bars under the name "Wonka", they released a number of downloadable flash games, wherein Knids seemed to have entered the factory and had the appearance of flying green blobs with single red eyes.
The etymology of the name was not provided by Dahl.
Pronunciation of Knid is said in the book to approximate adding a between the "K" and "nid", or in Dahl's words, "K'nid".
Vermicious is a real word, meaning "worm like".
The Vermicious Knids are also mentioned in other Dahl stories, including where the misidentify Dr jekyll and mr hyde game nes Spider as one and.
Wilbur Wonka Absent Winkelmann Absent Newscaster uncredited Tinker Absent Mr.
Jopeck Absent Computer Scientist uncredited Absent Auctioneer uncredited Absent Prodnose Absent Ficklegruber Absent Young Willy Wonka Absent Princess Pondicherry Absent Narrator Absent Mr.
Hofstader Unknown Absent Paraguayan Newscaster Unknown Absent German Newscaster Michael Gahr Unknown Nightwalker Husband Unknown Absent Nightwalker Wife Unknown Absent FBI Agent uncredited Absent Mr.
click the following article Absent Absent Mrs.
Retrieved 16 September 2014.
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A: Oompa-Loompas are the 'little people' - characters of restricted growth, if you like - featured in Charlie and the Chocolate Factory, the classic childrens' book by Roald Dahl.They live and.
Charlie and the Chocolate Factory Review. It's got a bunch of nifty Oompa-Loompa musical numbers. And it's got surreal and colorful set designs that make you think somebody's been spiking the.
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Oompa-Loompa Disks. To collect Oompa-Loompa disks, players simply stop off at any of the Oompa-Loompa spots on the chocolate river. You take a disk from the top of the Oompa-Loompa stack and then the turn passes to the next player. The Oompa-Loompas are, as you would expect, wonderfully helpful.
Charlie and the Chocolate Factory :: Oompa Loompa Roundup
Charlie and the Chocolate Factory is a stage musical based on the 1964 children's novel of the same name by Roald Dahl, with book by David Greig, music by Marc Shaiman and lyrics by Shaiman and Scott Wittman.
Charlie and the Chocolate Factory video games
Take the Quiz: Charlie and the Chocolate Factory Characters. Already a modern classic of cinema, the 2005 film Charlie and the Chocolate Factory features some very entertaining and original characters.
Travel through Willy Wonka's amazing and colorful Chocolate Factory with Augustus, Violet, Mike, Veruca, and of course, Charlie. Laugh at the outlandish oompa-loompa riddles as you move along the gameboard collecting golden tickets as you go.
© Copyright 2015 Springbok casino no deposit bonus code · All Rights Reserved
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Vietnam's Olympic hero wins silver at Shooting World Cup
By Lam Thoa  March 1, 2017 | 01:39 pm GMT+7
From left to right: Hoang Xuan Vinh, Tomoyuki Matsuda and Jitu Rai. Photo by VnExpress
Hoang Xuan Vinh proved that he still is in top form seven months after securing Vietnam's first Olympic gold.
Rio Olympic Games champion Hoang Xuan Vinh won a silver medal at the Shooting World Cup on Tuesday in New Delhi, India.
Vinh claimed the medal with a total points haul of 236.6 in the men’s 10m air pistol event at the International Shooting Sport Federation (ISSF) World Cup, second only to Japan’s Tomoyuki Matsuda who won gold with a world record score of 240.1.
The Vietnamese shooter got through a 34-man qualification round to make it into the last eight. In the final, after two rounds of shooting, three shooters remained: Vinh, Matsuda and Jitu Rai from the host India.
Jitu Rai was off target and unable to keep himself in contention for gold. Vinh managed to score 9.5 and 9.8 with his final shots, but Matsuda blasted 10.2 and 10.6 to claim the title and a new world record.
Matsuda used to be a powerhouse in Japan's shooting scene, and has a firing range named after him. However, he has been out of form since 2010 and hasn't had much success in tournaments since then.
With second place at the Shooting World Cup, 41-year-old military officer Vinh proved that he still is in top form seven months after securing Vietnam's first Olympic gold medal in Brazil last year.
"Hoang Xuan Vinh's silver medal is a success. It proves that he has been training and still has the determination after reaching the top at Rio 2016," his 52-year-old coach Nguyen Thi Nhung, told VnExpress.
However, Nhung did admit that she was surprised at her shooter's latest achievement.
"I personally hoped that Vinh would just make it through the qualifier. An athlete can't maintain his top form at every tournament," said Nhung. "After his Olympic success, failure at this event in India might have given him more motivation for the next important events."
Hoàng Xuân Vinh giành HC bạc World Cup bắn súng
> 7 things you didn't know about Vietnam's Olympic hero Hoang Xuan Vinh
> Vietnam's Olympic hero refuses prestigious state title
> Shooter secures Vietnam's first Olympic gold medal
Tags: ISSF World Cup Hoang Xuan Vinh shooting sport
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Reading: Vietnam's Olympic hero wins silver at Shooting World Cup
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Subjectsnight shift work (3)nurses (3)DNA methylation (2)midwives (2)blood (1)View MoreJournal
Chronobiology International (5)
AuthorsPeplonska, Beata (4)Bukowska-Damska, Agnieszka (3)Bukowska, Agnieszka (2)Bukowska, Agnieszka (2) Przybek, Monika (2)View MoreYear (Issue Date)2018 (2)2014 (1)2015 (1)2019 (1)Types
Night shift work and osteoporosis: evidence and hypothesis.
Bukowska-Damska, Agnieszka; Skowronska-Jozwiak, Elzbieta; Peplonska, Beata (2019-02-01)
Osteoporosis is an important public health problem worldwide. Among the countries with a very high population risk of fractures, there are those with the highest level of economic development. Osteoporotic fractures are the main cause of disability among elderly people, and the resultant disabilities require particularly large financial support associated not only with the direct treatment of the fracture but also with the necessity for long-term rehabilitation and care for the disabled person. Many well-established factors can have impact on bone mass and fracture risk. Recently, it has been hypothesized that working during nighttime which leads to endocrine disorders may have an indirect impact on bone physiology among night shift workers. Therefore, it can be presumed that the night shift work may contribute to the etiology of osteoporosis. The aim of our work was to make a review of the epidemiological evidence on the association between night shift work and bone mineral density or fracture risk as well as to discuss the potential biological mechanisms linking the work under this system with the development of osteoporosis. We have identified only four studies investigating the association between system of work and bone mineral density or fracture risk among workers. The findings of three out of four studies support the hypothesis. None of the studies has investigated a potential relationship between night shift work and bone turnover markers. Given that there have been no epidemiological studies in European countries that would concern working populations and the noticeable difference in the risk of osteoporosis between communities, further studies are warranted to elucidate the problem. It is presumed that further in-depth studies will not only identify the underlying factors of the disease but also contribute to developing guidelines for policy makers and employers for primary prevention of osteoporosis in workplace.
Rotating night shift work, sleep quality, selected lifestyle factors and prolactin concentration in nurses and midwives.
Bukowska, Agnieszka; Sobala, Wojciech; Peplonska, Beata (2015-04)
The pattern of secretion of many hormones, including prolactin, is dependent on the circadian rhythm. Night shift work involves exposure to artificial light at night and sleep deficiency, which in turn can affect prolactin synthesis. The aim of this study was to evaluate a possible association between night shift work characteristics, sleep quality, lifestyle factors and prolactin concentration, using data from a cross-sectional study of nurses and midwives. A cross-sectional study was conducted among 327 nurses and midwives currently working on rotating night shifts, and 330 nurses and midwives working during the day (aged 40-60 years) (388 premenopausal and 269 postmenopausal). Information about night shift work characteristics, lifestyle, reproductive factors, sleep pattern and other covariates was collected through a face-to-face interview, and from a one-week work and sleep diary completed by the subjects. Weight and height were measured. Prolactin concentration was measured in the morning blood sample using the electrochemiluminesence immunoassay method. Associations were analyzed using linear regression models adjusted for important confounders. Analyses were carried out separately in pre- and postmenopausal women. None of the night shift work or sleep characteristics was significantly associated with prolactin concentration. Prolactin concentration was significantly (p < 0.05) inversely associated with smoking and time of blood sample collection. These results were consistent among both pre- and postmenopausal women. Nulliparity was significantly positively associated with prolactin among premenopausal women, but inversely among postmenopausal. Age was related to prolactin among postmenopausal women only. Our study indicates that rotating night shift work is not associated with prolactin concentration. Smoking, parity, time of blood collection and age among postmenopausal women were significant determinants of prolactin.
Rotating night shift work and physical activity of nurses and midwives in the cross-sectional study in Łódź, Poland.
Peplonska, Beata; Bukowska, Agnieszka; Sobala, Wojciech (2014-12)
Shift work have been thought to restrict participation in leisure time activities, but the knowledge about physical activity in rotating night shift nurses has been limited so far. We investigated the associations between the rotating night shift work and physical activity using data from a cross-sectional study among nurses and midwives. This study included 354 nurses and midwives (aged 40-60) currently working rotating night shifts and 371 ones working days only. The information on the work characteristics and potential covariates was collected via a personal interview. Weight and height were measured and BMI was calculated. Physical activity was assessed according to the international questionnaire on physical activity - IPAQ, and four domains: leisure time, occupational, transport related and household were analyzed. Women who reported none leisure time activity were defined as recreationally "inactive". The associations were examined with multiple linear or logistic regression models adjusted for age, season of the year, number of full term births, marital status and BMI. Total and occupational physical activity was significantly higher among nurses working rotating night shifts. However, leisure time activity was significantly affected among rotating night shift nurses and midwives, compared to women working during the days only, with increased odds ratio for recreational "inactivity" (OR = 1.57, 95% CI: 1.11-2.20). Rotating night shift work among nurses and midwives is associated with higher occupational physical activity but lower leisure time activity. Initiatives supporting exercising among night shift workers are recommended.
Circadian gene methylation in rotating-shift nurses: a cross-sectional study.
Reszka, Edyta; Wieczorek, Edyta; Przybek, Monika; Jabłońska, Ewa; Kałużny, Paweł; Bukowska-Damska, Agnieszka; Zienolddiny, Shanbeh; Pepłońska, Beata (2018)
Investigating the methylation status of the circadian genes may contribute to a better understanding of the shift work-related circadian disruption in individuals exposed to artificial light at night. In the present study, we determined the methylation status of the circadian genes associated with a shift work pattern among nurses and midwives participating in a cross-sectional study in Lodz, Poland. Quantitative methylation polymerase chain reaction assays were used to assess promoter CpG methylation in PER1, PER2, PER3, CRY1, CRY2, BMAL1, CLOCK, and NPAS2 in genomic DNA from whole blood of 347 women having a rotating-shift work schedule and 363 women working days only. The percentage of methylated reference (PMR) was assessed using fluorescent probes for PER1, PER2, PER3, CRY1, and NPAS2, and the percentage of gene methylation, as the methylation index (MI), using two sets of primers for BMAL1, CLOCK, and CRY2. We tested the possible association between current and lifetime rotating night-shift work characteristics and circadian gene methylation by using proportional odds regression model with blood DNA methylation, categorized into tertiles, and adjusted for age, current smoking status, folate intake and blood collection time. The findings indicated that CpG methylation in PER2 promoter was significantly decreased (P < 0.004) among nurses and midwives currently working rotating shifts, as compared with day-working nurses and midwives. The lower percentage of PER2 methylation was associated with a higher monthly frequency of current night duties (2-7 night shifts, and eight or more night shifts per month) (P = 0.012) and was associated at borderline significance (P = 0.092) with the lifetime duration of shift work (>10 ≤ 20 years and >20 ≤ 43 years of rotating-shift work) among nurses and midwives (N = 710). Moreover, women with a longer lifetime duration of shift work presented a lower status of PER1 methylation (P = 0.040) than did the women with up to 10 years of rotating-shift work. Long lifetime duration of shift work (> 10 years) among current rotating night-shift workers (N = 347) was associated with BMAL1 hypomethylation (P = 0.013). Among eight of the investigated circadian genes, only PER1, PER2, and BMAL1 showed differential methylation attributable to the rotating-shift work of nurses and midwives. The findings on blood-based DNA methylation in the circadian genes may provide a better insight into the mechanistic principles underlying the possible health effects of night-shift work but these should be verified in further studies recruiting larger populations of shift workers.
Sleep quality and methylation status of selected tumor suppressor genes among nurses and midwives.
Bukowska-Damska, Agnieszka; Reszka, Edyta; Kaluzny, Pawel; Wieczorek, Edyta; Przybek, Monika; Zienolddiny, Shanbeh; Peplonska, Beata (2018)
Chronic sleep restriction may affect metabolism, hormone secretion patterns and inflammatory responses. Limited reports suggest also epigenetic effects, such as changes in DNA methylation profiles. The study aims to assess the potential association between poor sleep quality or sleep duration and the levels of 5-methylcytosine in the promoter regions of selected tumor suppressor genes. A cross-sectional study was conducted on 710 nurses and midwives aged 40-60 years. Data from interviews regarding sleep habits and potential confounders were used. The methylation status of tumor suppressor genes was determined via qMSP reactions using DNA samples derived from leucocytes. No significant findings were observed in the total study population or in the two subgroups of women stratified by the current system of work. A borderline significance association was observed between a shorter duration of sleep and an increased methylation level in CDKN2A among day working nurses and midwives. Further studies are warranted to explore this under-investigated topic.
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Escape Hunt Global
Escape Hunt
Back Select a city Home About Us Franchisees Investors Contact us FAQ Careers
ARRIVE PROMPTLY AT THE START TIME
That way you can enjoy the full Escape Hunt experience without any rush.
We can look after all valuables
Got bags, phones or laptops? We’ll provide you with somewhere to store these.
What happens on the Hunt, stays on the Hunt
We humbly beg you not to share the secrets of your escape. Oh, and no pictures please!
What discounts do you offer?
We’ve put together a range of packages for students, over 60s and key workers as we think everyone should have the chance to enjoy an hour of intense excitement. Now there’s no excuse for not playing!
We offer a 15% student discount and a 10% over 60 discount, every Monday-Thursday. If you book one of these tickets online, please remember to bring a valid ID along with you on the day of play.
We also offer 10% off for Key Workers (NHS staff, armed forces personnel and emergency service workers) every Monday-Thursday as a thank you for helping keep our country in tip top shape. To redeem, phone the site team and give the code KEYWORKER10 to make your booking, applies to groups of 4 or more. Please make sure at least one of your group brings a valid key worker ID on the day of play!
Discounts exclude our outdoor games, Operation Mindfall and Magic Portal.
Our escape room games are PG unless stated otherwise – so kids aged 8+ are good to go. Under 16s must be accompanied in the room by a paying adult over 18.
Our outdoor games are suitable for ages 8+, but all under 16s must have an adult (over 18) in their team.
Our virtual reality adventures are suitable for ages 12+, but all under 16s must have an adult (over 18) in their team.
I want to change my booking? Is there a charge?
Arrangements change, we understand. That’s why, if you can no longer make your booking, we’ll do everything we can to reschedule your game free of charge, provided the new date is within 30 days of your original booking, and you give us at least 48 hours notice. To find out more or change a booking, please get in touch with the Escape Hunt venue you made your booking with.
Our indoor escape room games cost £25 per person for groups of 2-3 players, and £20 per person for groups of 4-6 players.
Worlds Collide, our official Doctor Who game costs £28 per person for 2-3 players, and £23 per person for 4-6 players.
Our outdoor games costs £45 per team of 2-4 players.
Our Virtual Reality adventures cost £25 per person for groups of between 2 – 4 players.
Can I get a refund if someone doesn’t turn up?
Unfortunately not, we don’t provide refunds if someone doesn’t play.
Can I add an extra person to the booking?
Certainly, you can add an extra person to the booking as long as you’re still within the maximum number of people for each game. There’s no need to let us know in advance, and they can pay when they arrive. Just remember we only accept card payments at our venues.
Accessibility and Special Requirements
Can I play if I’m pregnant?
Of course – the more the merrier! Our games masters monitor every escape room and VR game on CCTV so if you want to leave the room just let them know and you’ll be free in moments. If you’ve any specific worries then we suggest you speak to a health professional or GP before playing.
Can I play if I have a medical condition such as epilepsy?
Some of our games make use of special effects, including smoke machines, strobe lighting and lasers. If you have any medical conditions that may be affected, or indeed any medical conditions at all that we need to be aware of (including allergies), please be sure to let site teams know when making a booking.
Can I play an escape room if I’m claustrophobic?
Absolutely. Our escape rooms aren’t particularly confined, and our games masters are always on hand to release you the moment you want to leave.
What is a Virtual Reality Game?
Our Virtual Reality game is essentially a virtual escape room. You will each be kitted out with a wireless headset and backpack and transported to a virtual world, with you at its centre. Work together as a team, find and solve a series of clues and complete your mission. The virtual reality game is a fully immersive, interactive, 3D escape game experience. Sound good? We think so!
What if I wear glasses?
The headsets we use have plenty of room for your glasses to fit underneath so feel free to keep them on during gameplay.
What if I suffer from motion sickness / dizziness?
We have purposefully chosen a very advanced virtual reality software to try and reduce the likelihood that you will experience motion sickness or dizziness while playing the game. However, as with any motion-related activity, in rare circumstances some people might be susceptible to unexpected side effects whilst playing. Your dedicated Games Master will be keeping an eye on you throughout the game and will be able to help immediately should this occur.
How many people can play at once?
Our VR game experiences are open to teams of 2-4 players. Please check your local site for further information.
How long does the experience last?
Our virtual reality adventures last for up to 45 minutes. We would recommend allowing an hour and a quarter for the whole experience, which includes a briefing beforehand and of course, 45 mins of epic gameplay. Afterwards, we invite you to sit back and enjoy our premium lounge and in-house bar.
Outdoor Game Info
What is an outdoor game?
Our outdoor games, Operation Mindfall and Magic Portal, are unique, immersive citywide outdoor games that incorporates the puzzles and code-cracking elements of an escape room, without the confines of a physical room.
Take to the streets of Birmingham using the latest in augmented reality and geolocation technology to complete your mission and save the world.
In cooperation with CLUETIVITY® (www.CLUETIVITY.com).
Our outdoor games involve about 2km of walking around the city so please wear comfortable footwear. For Operation Mindfall, at least one person in your team will also need a smartphone with access to the internet and a camera – things no undercover agent should be without! Other than that, just your team and a set of working brains!
Is the game weather dependent?
Our outdoor games will go ahead come rain or shine so we advise that you check the weather forecast beforehand. Please come prepared for all types of weather – remember sun screen and a hat on sunny days, and we will provide you with ponchos to help keep you nice and dry on drizzlier days.
In instances of severe wind, rain or weather warnings, we may have to cancel your game. Games are not refundable, but if cancelled due to the weather we will contact you to let you know and reschedule your game to another time. We will also offer you the option to switch to one of our indoor game rooms for a small price difference and dependent on availability.
If you do not hear from us, then please assume your game is going ahead!
How long does the outdoor game last?
Each outdoor game lasts for between 1.5 and 2 hours, we would allow 2.5 hours for the whole experience, which includes a quick briefing before you get started, and afterwards we invite you and your group to enjoy our lounge, in-house bar and photo opportunity space.
Escape Hunter Essential Info
What exactly is Escape Hunt?
Think of Escape Hunt as the closest you’re likely to get to starring in a brilliantly plotted escape movie. You and your teammates get locked in a themed room and have to find and solve a series of clues in order to escape. The pressure’s on, the clock’s ticking, the adrenaline’s pumping. Escape Hunt isn’t something you watch, it’s something you experience – right in the heart of the action. We make you earn your freedom, throwing all manner of devious and dastardly red herrings, dead ends and misdirections your way. It’s completely immersive, utterly addictive and totally entertaining. After Escape Hunt, other entertainment just feels flat.
How long does each escape room last?
The whole escape room experience lasts around 90 minutes. You’ll spend around 60 minutes in the room (in fact that’s the maximum time you’ve got in which to escape). Before that there’s a quick briefing to explain everything, and afterwards we invite you and your group to enjoy our lounge, and in-house bar.
What is the best group size?
We think our games are ideal for groups of between two and six. If you’ve more than six people who want to play then why not split into two teams and have a friendly – or indeed unfriendly – head to head competition?
Which Escape Hunt should I play?
All our Escape Hunt games are incredibly exciting and utterly immersive, so it’s impossible for us to say. Perhaps the best solution is to play them all!
Other questions we’re often asked
Do you serve food and beverages?
We serve alcoholic and non-alcoholic drinks onsite.We can also arrange food for you to enjoy after your game. Get in touch with your venue for more details.
Am I safe in the room?
Absolutely – our games are thrilling but never, ever dangerous. Rest assured that whatever happens, you’re in safe hands. Our games masters are highly trained and very vigilant, and as you’d expect, player safety is our number one concern.
Can I purchase gift vouchers?
Of course! Who wouldn’t love to receive a gift voucher for the most exciting experience they’ll have all year? Visit the gift vouchers page, located in the footer of your local Escape Hunt website for more info.
Do I need to bring anything?
Nope – just you, your team and a set of working brains!
Is there a dress code?
Black tie/ball gown, obviously. Just kidding – come as you are, although we do suggest comfortable clothing as the games can get quite intense.
Need help getting here?
Escape Hunt Group Ltd © 2020 . All Rights Reserved. Company number: 10676408
Registered address: 3 Pear Place, SE1 8BT
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Wind, G., et al. (2010), Multilayer Cloud Detection with the MODIS Near-Infrared Water Vapor Absorption Band, J. Appl. Meteor. Climat., 49, 2315-2333, doi:10.1175/2010JAMC2364.1.
Yang, Y., et al. (2019), Cloud products from the Earth Polychromatic Imaging Camera (EPIC): algorithms and initial evaluation, Atmos. Meas. Tech., 12, 2019-2031, doi:10.5194/amt-12-2019-2019.
Werner, F., et al. (2018), Improving cloud optical property retrievals for partly cloudy pixels using coincident higher-resolution single band measurements: A feasibility study using ASTER observations, J. Geophys. Res., 123, doi:10.1029/2018JD028902.
Platnick, S., et al. (2017), The MODIS Cloud Optical and Microphysical Products: Collection 6 Updates and Examples From Terra and Aqua, IEEE Trans. Geosci. Remote Sens., 55, 502-525, doi:10.1109/TGRS.2016.2610522.
Song, S., et al. (2016), The spectral signature of cloud spatial structure in shortwave irradiance, Atmos. Chem. Phys., 16, 13791-13806, doi:10.5194/acp-16-13791-2016.
Werner, F., et al. (2016), Marine boundary layer cloud property retrievals from high-resolution ASTER observations: case studies and comparison with Terra MODIS, Atmos. Meas. Tech., 9, 5869-5894, doi:10.5194/amt-9-5869-2016.
Zhang, Z., et al. (2016), A framework based on 2-D Taylor expansion for quantifying the impacts of subpixel reflectance variance and covariance on cloud optical thickness and effective radius retrievals based on the bispectral method, J. Geophys. Res., 121, 7007-7025, doi:10.1002/2016JD024837.
Hamann, U., et al. (2014), Remote sensing of cloud top pressure/height from SEVIRI: analysis of ten current retrieval algorithms, Atmos. Meas. Tech., 7, 2839-2867, doi:10.5194/amt-7-2839-2014.
Coddington, O. M., et al. (2010), Examining the impact of overlying aerosols on the retrieval of cloud optical properties from passive remote sensing, J. Geophys. Res., 115, D10211, doi:10.1029/2009JD012829.
Joiner, J., et al. (2010), Detection of multi-layer and vertically-extended clouds using A-train sensors, Atmos. Meas. Tech., 3, 233-247.
King, M. D., et al. (2010), Remote sensing of radiative and microphysical properties of clouds during TC4: Results from MAS, MASTER, MODIS, and MISR, J. Geophys. Res., 115, D00J07, doi:10.1029/2009JD013277.
Schmidt, S., et al. (2010), Apparent absorption of solar spectral irradiance in heterogeneous ice clouds, J. Geophys. Res., 115, D00J22, doi:10.1029/2009JD013124.
Chiriaco, M., et al. (2007), Comparison of CALIPSO-Like, LaRC, and MODIS Retrievals of Ice-Cloud Properties over SIRTA in France and Florida during CRYSTAL-FACE, J. Appl. Meteor. Climat., 46, 249-272, doi:10.1175/JAM2435.1.
McFarquhar, G., et al. (2004), Trade wind cumuli statistics in clean and polluted air over the Indian Ocean from in situ and remote sensing measurements, Geophys. Res. Lett., 31, L21105, doi:10.1029/2004GL020412.
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(REFERENCE COPY - Not for submission)Modification of a DTV Station Construction Permit Application
WZVN-TV
Minor Modification 0000028590
Is the applicant exempt from FCC regulatory Fees? No
Are the frequencies or parameters requested in this filing covered by grandfathered privileges, previously approved by waiver, or functionally integrated with an existing station? No
Total $1,070.00
Minor Modification MPT $1,070.00
MONTCLAIR COMMUNICATIONS, INC.
Doing Business As: MONTCLAIR COMMUNICATIONS, INC.
Lara W. Kunkler
101 DEVON RD.
+1 (434) 220-2918 KUNK@WATER.NET Corporation
Dan E. Billings
+1 (239) 939-6299 DANB@WATER.NET Technical Representative
Anne Goodwin Crump
Fletcher, Heald & Hildreth, P.L.C.
1300 N. 17TH ST., 11th FLOOR
+1 (703) 812-0426 CRUMP@FHHLAW.COM Legal Representative
State Florida
City NAPLES
DTV Channel 28
Facility Type Commercial
Station Type Main
Ground Elevation (AMSL) 10.1 meters
Height of Radiation Center Above Ground Level 453.1 meters
Height of Radiation Center Above Average Terrain 453.9 meters
Effective Radiated Power 1000 kW
Do you have an Antenna ID? No
Manufacturer: AlanDick
Model ADB-E90-14/4 (56)
Electrical Beam Tilt 0.70
Polarization Elliptical
DTV and DTS: Elevation Pattern
0 0.686 90 0.583 180 0.653 270 0.750
Does the applicant or any party to the application have an attributable interest in any other broadcast station(s). No
Multiple Ownership
Is the applicant or any party to the application the holder of an attributable radio or television joint sales agreement or an attributable radio or television time brokerage agreement in the same market as the station subject to this application? No
Applicant certifies that the proposed facility complies with the Commission's multiple ownership rules and cross-ownership rules. Yes
Applicant certifies that the proposed facility: (a) does not present an issue under the Commission's policies relating to media interests of immediate family members; (b) complies with the Commission's polices relating to future ownership interests; (c) complies with the Commission's restrictions relating to the insulation and non-participation of non-party investors and creditors Yes
Does the Applicant claim status as an "eligible entity," that is, an entity that qualifies as a small business under the Small Business Administration's size standards for its industry grouping (as set forth in 13 C.F.R. § 121-201), and holds: (a) 30 percent or more of the stock or partnership interests and more than 50 percent of the voting power of the corporation or partnership that will own the media outlet; or (b) 15 percent or more of the stock or partnership interests and more than 50 percent of the voting power of the corporation or partnership that will own the media outlet, provided that no other person or entity owns or controls more than 25 percent of the outstanding stock or partnership interests; or (c) more than 50 percent of the voting power of the corporation that will own the media outlet (if such corporation is a publicly traded company)? No
It will operate on the DTV channel for this station as established in the post-incentive auction channel reassignment public notice. Yes
It will operate post-incentive auction facilities that do not expand the noise-limited service contour in any direction beyond that established by the post-incentive auction channel reassignment public notice. No
It will operate post-incentive auction facilities that match or reduce by no more than five percent with respect to predicted population from those defined in the post-incentive auction channel reassignment public notice. Yes
The antenna structure to be used by this facility has been registered by the Commission and will not require re-registration to support the proposed antenna, OR the FAA has previously determined that the proposed structure will not adversely affect safety in air navigation and this structure qualifies for later registration under the Commission's phased registration plan, OR the proposed installation on this structure does not require notification to the FAA pursuant to 47 C.F.R. Section 17.7. Yes
The proposed facility complies with the applicable engineering standards and assignment requirements of 47 C.F.R. Sections 73.616, 73.622(i), 73.623(e), 73.625, 73.1030, and 73.1125. Yes
Is the applicant submitting an application to obtain a construction permit as a result of winning an auction? No
MultipleOwnershipCompliance (01114192xB3D1E).pdf Applicant Attributable Interest Multiple Ownership Compliance Showing
WZVN_env (01114435xB3D1E).pdf Applicant Technical Certifications Environmental Compliance
WZVN ERP Rpt.pdf Applicant Antenna Technical Data comprehensive engineering statement
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Kerry Cunningham
Anthony Hernandez
La’Kendreia Gibson-Webster
Seth Saavedra
Fran Spero
Geovanni Disus
Kerry-Ann Royes
Jumoke Hinton
School Quality and Accountability
School Choice and Charter Schools
What Is the Belief Gap?
Charter Leaders of Color
Coffee Break Q&As
Brett Bigham
Sharif El-Mekki
ShaRhonda Knott-Dawson
Kelisa Wing
Zachary Wright
Students of Color
Blog > Better Conversation
Top Democratic Candidates’ Disrespect for Parents of Color Has Me Wondering If I Fit Into This Party Anymore.
Posted Nov. 27, 2019 in Better Conversation
Laura Waters is a mom, education blogger and former school board president in New Jersey. As the daughter of New York City educators and parent of a son with special needs, she writes frequently about the need to listen to families and ensure access to good public school options for all. Full profile →
Politico reports today that Elizabeth Warren’s support among Democratic and left-leaning Independent primary voters “plunged 50% over the past month, according to a new Quinnipiac University poll.” The article speculates her “plummet” may be due to her “Medicare for All” plan, but, in a fit of wishful thinking—educational equity advocates should have such sway!—I wonder if Warren’s loss of support is at least partially due to last Friday’s news that 300 Black and Latino parents traveled to Atlanta and challenged her obtuse and union-pandering opposition to public school choice.
I’ll indulge myself further by hoping that our leading Democratic candidates (all white) will rethink their elitist, racist positions that betray families red-lined into long-failing districts in order to curry favor with fat-pocketed union leaders and status quo defenders.
Much has been written about Warren’s collision with low-income parents of color who, led by Sarah Carpenter, grandmother of 15 and member of the Powerful Parent Network, made their way to Warren’s rally last Friday after raising money through a GoFundMe campaign because they were turned down by traditional funders. The New York Times quotes Margaret Fortune, head of a non-profit that operates seven charter schools in California:
“What would be happening in a fair society is we would be asked for our opinions, rather than having candidates saying, ‘I have a plan for you — to shepherd you into the very schools that you left on purpose,’” said Ms. Fortune, a Black, lifelong Democrat.
Chris Stewart, a Black education activist who is CEO of Education Post (where I work), writes,
If Democratic candidates for president—indeed, candidates from all parties—wish to be true representatives of all Americans, they will stop taking sides in the education wars, stop pitting parents against each other, and stop acting as if children are less important the moment they enter a charter or non-traditional schools.
My colleague Vesia Hawkins, a member of the Powerful Parent Network who made the trip to Atlanta and hopes the demonstration becomes “a clarion call to the Democratic party,” writes,
I’ve been in this Black body for 48 years and have seen some things so it’s not surprising that our collective Blackness (and Brownness) has no value to the Dem party when we dare question the party line. The media, all too eager to push the narrative, discounted our voices, cheapened our agency, and disrespected the individual fight of each mother and grandmother in their respective communities.
Civil rights leader Howard Fuller, who accompanied the group to Atlanta tweeted this:
I have tried to stay out of the Elizabeth Warren stuff today. But she says she values Black women. But she lied to @LadyTenn and tried to make her feel stupid. That is not forgivable. And all of you EW apologists you should be ashamed.
— Howard Fuller (@HowardLFuller) November 23, 2019
(The “lie” refers to Warren telling the parents that all her kids went to public school, although her campaign had to walk that back when it turned out she sent her son to an $18,000 a year private school. @LadyTenn is Sarah Carpenter’s twitter handle.)
Back here in New Jersey, the DOE just released district-by-district 2019 standardized test results. Traditional district school students’ academic proficiency was flat. But not the academic proficiency of charter school students, which almost exclusively serve low-income families of color in long-failing districts. Harry Lee of the state’s Charter School Association reports,
For the second year in a row, Newark’s public charter school students in grades three through eight outperformed the state average in both English language arts (ELA) and mathematics on the annual state assessment. Approximately 20,000 students, nearly all of whom are students of color, attend public charter schools in Newark. Eighty-two% of Newark’s public charter school students are economically disadvantaged and 11% are students with disabilities.
In addition, “public charter schools in Jersey City and Trenton saw very strong gains in 2019” (in spite of NJ’s inequitable funding of charter schools—73 cents on the dollar compared to traditional schools—and no facilities funding).
Yet in this state, led by a Democratic governor who considers himself “progressive,” 35,000 children, largely low-income and of color, sit on charter school waitlists enduring a seemingly endless moratorium on the DOE’s authorization of new charter schools. The parents of these children, like Sarah Carpenter says, “want to … be able to choose where our kids go to school.” So why are our leading Democratic candidates—Warren, Sanders, Buttigieg and Biden, all white and rich—determined to betray them?
Oh, I know the easy answer: It’s the teachers unions, stupid. They need the money and the ground game and the endorsements.
But they also need the votes from Black and Brown Democratic voters.
I’m a lifelong Democrat, a New York Jew. My first experience in politics (yeah, I’m old) was tailing along with my mom to stuff envelopes for George McGovern’s campaign. I was raised to honor the values of a party that embraced those striving to attain the American dream, regardless of color or country of origin or income level.
I can’t claim the authenticity of Sarah and Vesia—I’m white and financially-secure and live in a good school district. But I feel betrayed by the party my parents worshipped. Warren, Sanders, Buttigieg, Biden, or whoever wins this thing, should embrace and support parents who just want what they all have—the freedom to choose. How basic is this? How essential to Democratic values?
Instead, as Vesia says, they discount and cheapen and disrespect these parents.
Elizabeth Warren told the parents in Atlanta that she’d reconsider her plan to cut off all federal funding to charter schools. Maybe she will. Maybe she’ll embody the values that, at least in the arena of public education, many top Democrats have shed like dross.
Until then it’s hard for me to consider myself a Democrat.
Better Conversation, #PowerfulParentNetwork, 2020 Presidential Election, Bernie Sanders, Chris Stewart, Crossposts, Democratic Candidates, Democratic Presidential Debates, elizabeth warren, Joe Biden, Laura Waters, Margaret Fortune, New Jersey, New Jersey Charter School Association, New Jersey Department of Education, Newark, NJ Left Behind, parents of color, Pete Buttigieg, Sarah Carpenter, traditional public schools, Trenton, Vesia Hawkins
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I'm Waiting for Democrats to Stop Using Progressive Talking Points and Start Listening to Parents
The System Is Winning. For Now.
I Spit Out My Coffee When I Read Cory Booker’s Op-Ed: Nine Theories That Explain His Change of Heart.
DeVos and the ‘Third Way’ Opportunity for Democratic Education Reformers
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How to use HA.com Website
Not Receiving Heritage Emails
Batch Bidding - Place Multiple Bids with a Single Click
Search Results Tips
Search Video Tutorial: Getting the Most out of Guided Navigation
What is Heritage Live!® (Covered by U.S. Patent No. 9,064,282)?
We are proud to provide our Heritage Live! software on all auctions marked as Heritage Live . This software allows you to participate in a live Heritage auction from the comfort of your home or office over the Internet. You will be able to browse and BID LIVE during the auction event against other Internet bidders and floor bidders.
Heritage Live! will be featured on all Signature (and Signature Session), Grand Format & Platinum Auctions, most offering both live streaming audio and video.
To participate, please go to www.HA.com/Live during the live portion of the auction. Just enter your Heritage user name and password, and you can use the new Heritage Live! software to begin bidding. We strongly suggest you leave proxy bids at www.HA.com before the live session in the event either side experiences internet problems during the live auction.
Important: The delay that occurs between the auction floor and your computer is called lag. Lag refers to the time that it takes for the auction data (text, images, audio and video) to be encoded on the auction site, transferred over the Internet, and then decoded and displayed on your end. The encoding is done in a fraction of a second. The majority of delays are due to Internet transfer times, which means that you can be affected even with a high speed Internet connection. This is further affected by factors on your computer, such as CPU speed, memory, whether other programs are running at the same time, and so on.
Because of this, we will accept your bid up to three seconds after the time we close the lot (even if this means reopening the lot on the auction floor). Text is updated far more quickly than audio, video and images, which is why we recommend basing bidding decisions on the text alone.
First, a peek at the Heritage Live! interface layout:
Tabs used to help organize the auction activities:
Live! shows all of the auction information in real time.
LiveProxy Bidding shows all the lots, and you can enter a bid to be placed on your behalf once the lot comes up for auction.
My Bids/My Tracked Lots shows the lots you are bidding on and the ones you have marked to track.
Auction Results shows the auction results as they happen and provides a quick link to lots still available as a Post-Auction Buy.
The image of the current lot.
Once per lot, you are able to use a half increment (called a cut bid) bid.
A complete listing of the upcoming lots for the session.
Current Lot Information shows the current sale, session and details pertaining to the current lot, as well as number of lots completed.
Message Log. All bidding activity and bid sources, e.g., Floor, Mail, HeritageLive, etc., are displayed in this window.
Bid button turns red when you are outbid and grey (not able to click) when you are winning. The next bid information is adjacent to the button. Note: if you are only watching the auction you can click the "Disable Live Bidding" button, preventing you from accidentally bidding.
Setting a budget on the Hammer Price (without Buyer's Premium) will allow you to regulate your Heritage Live spending, and even automatically stop Heritage LiveProxy bids from being executed if doing so would exceed your budget. The system will execute any LiveProxy bids up to your maximum, but not more than your remaining budget.
This section allows you to quickly view the current lot number and a progress bar indicating auction progress.
The Live Video window where you can watch the auction live. When you mouse over the video, below the screen controls will appear: Make video full screen ; audio volume control for mute: ; volume slider for increasing and decreasing volume.
Auction related messages from the Auctioneer.
To go to Heritage Live! , type in "HA.com/live" into your browser's address window, or simply click on the icon. Sign in using your membership information, then choose the auction you wish to participate in. When you see the Live Bid Now icon, the auction is open for bidding or the Internet Pre-Bidding
Available for Proxy bidding at HA.com. See example below:
To bid live, watch as the lots pass, and when an item you like comes up just click on the red Bid Button. Your live bid will be communicated to the auction floor.
Watch the "Real Time Auction Information" log to ensure that your live bid was accepted; after all, there may be floor bidders and other HA.com/Live bidders interested in the same lot! When your bid is accepted, a message will appear in your log stating that your bid was placed. If you are the high bidder, the bid button will change color and tell you that you have the winning bid.
Watch the message log until another bid is placed or the lot is closed. Previous lot results will appear just above the Real Time Auction Information.
Heritage Live! is an outstanding way to place a bid during the live portion of an auction. However, we know that sometimes you may not wish to sit at your computer for a long stretch of time waiting for an item to come up for bidding. To that end, Heritage Live! also offers LiveProxy bidding, where you can enter a bid to be placed on your behalf once the lot comes up for auction.
To place a LiveProxy bid through Heritage Live!, just scroll down the lot listings of the current session to the item you want. From here, there are two ways to place bids. Similar to traditional batch bidding, you can enter the dollar amount you want to bid in the box (figure 1 above) next to the appropriate item(s), then click on the "Bid Live/Proxy" button (figure 2 above) to place your bids.
Or, if you wish to take a closer look at the item before placing your bid, just click on the image or description of the item.
This will bring up a small window dedicated to the specific lot. From here, just enter your bid into the "Live/Proxy Bid" box, and click the "Bid Now" button.
You can track your Heritage Live! proxy bids, as well. Just click on the My Bids/Tracked Lots pane to review all of your proxy bids. From here, you can modify or even cancel any Heritage Live! proxy bids at any time before the lot comes up for auction. IMPORTANT: This screen does not show any bids you may have placed through the traditional methods at HA.com. In addition, Heritage Live! proxy bids are not reflected in the Current Bid amount.
Heritage Live! will send the high proxy bid to the auction floor when the lot comes up for auction. If you're LiveProxy bid is outbid on the floor, you still have the chance to place another bid with one click!
Three Things to Know About Heritage Live!® (Covered by U.S. Patent No. 9,064,282)
LiveProxy - The LiveProxy feature allows you to quickly and easily enter bids to be placed live before the auction begins (or before the respective lot has come up). These bids can be edited, changed, or deleted up to the time the item goes live. LiveProxy will bid live for you to ensure your bids get through, and if you are outbid while following the auction live, it allows you to continue bidding using the LiveBid button.
Last minute bidding insurance - Heritage Live! offers you a "second chance" to win. If you bid on HA.com and you are not winning when Internet bidding closes, you can still win the lot by going to Heritage Live! and either leaving a LiveProxy bid as detailed above or bidding live once the lot opens. If you have the winning Internet bid but are concerned you will get outbid during the live event, you can put in a LiveProxy bid for a higher amount. Or, if you watch the Live auction, you can place your bid directly against the floor. In either case, Heritage Live! has automatic safeguards to prevent you from bidding against yourself! It's an additional opportunity for you to win even if you don't attend the Live Auction.
Bid Protection - Tired of losing lots by a slim margin? Now, you can choose to add Bid Protection to any lot when you place a LiveProxy bid through Heritage Live. If your bid is outbid, Bid Protection will automatically increase your bid by the increment(s) you select, as needed, giving you an additional chance to win. You can use Bid Protection on all items available for LiveProxy bidding through Heritage Live, except for the current lot and the next upcoming lot.
There are three ways that you can add Bid Protection to your Heritage Live LiveProxy bids. If you are bidding before the live auction or from the LiveProxy Bidding tab, just click on the Bid Protection box next to your bid, select the number of increments (½, 1, 2 or 3) and click the "Submit Proxy Bid(s)" button.
If you've clicked on the link to the lot description, enter your bid, check the box below your bid amount, select the number of increments (½, 1, 2 or 3), and click on the "Bid Now!" Button.
Finally, you can go to the My Bids/My Tracked Lots tab and add, remove or modify Bid Protection at any time, even for items on which you've already placed LiveProxy bids. In addition, the status column will point out all items where you have Bid Protection.
Bid Protection is designed to add up to 3 increments to your bid if it is needed to try to win the lot. It is not protection against much higher Internet or proxy bids.
You can also add Bid Protection prior to Heritage Live on the Lot Details page and during the proxy bidding process. Learn more.
Find out more with our Frequently Asked Questions guide.
Heritage Live!® (Covered by U.S. Patent No. 9,064,282) Frequently Asked Questions
If I place a proxy bid on HA.com can I bid against myself in Heritage Live!?
No. As long as you use the same account, Heritage Live! knows who you are and will not allow you to place a bid unless your proxy bid left from HA.com has been outbid.
What are the system requirements?
Web Browser: IE 9.0+, Google Chrome (Latest), Mozilla Firefox (Latest), Safari (Latest)
Internet Connection: Dialup 56K (w/o audio/video streams) or High Speed (/w audio/video streams)
Web Browser: IE 11, Google Chrome (Latest), Mozilla Firefox (Latest)
Resolution: Higher than 1024x768
Internet Connection: High Speed
How can I accurately bid?
The delay that occurs between the auction floor and your computer is called lag. Lag refers to the time that it takes for the auction data (text, images, audio and video) to be encoded on the auction site, transferred over the Internet, and then decoded and displayed on your end. The encoding is done in a fraction of a second. The majority of delays are due to Internet transfer times, which means that you can be affected even with a high speed Internet connection. This is further affected by factors on your computer, such as CPU speed, memory, whether other programs are running at the same time, and so on.
What is Bid Protection?
Bid Protection gives you an additional chance to win by automatically increasing your bid by the increment(s) you select, as needed, if you are outbid during the live event. Set up bid protection to help prevent from being outbid at the last moment. Learn more.
How can I quickly view the lot(s) I am interested in?
Enter the lot number you are interested in the box titled, "Go to Lot:" located above the "Status" field and press the "Go" button and you will be taken directly to the lot.
How do I make the upcoming lot list advance?
Click the "Jump to Current Lot" button located above the "Status"
What does the tab "My Bids/My Tracked Lots" do?
This tab aggregates the lots you have bids on and the lots you have selected to track.
What does the tab "Realized Prices" do?
The "Realized Prices" tab shows the auction results as they happen. It allows you to quickly see what items sold for and provides a quick link to lots that may still be available at HA.com!
What does "Disable Live Bidding" mean?
By default you are able to bid just by clicking the red bid button. If you are only watching the auction and want to make sure you don't accidently bid, you can click the "Disable Live Bidding" button. You will notice the message now says "Enable Live Bidding" which when clicked will enable bidding again.
Why did I lose the lot to a bidder bidding the same amount?
If an Internet Proxy bidder at HA.com has placed a bid higher or equal to your bid, they will win the lot due to the fact they bid earlier and have the prior bid.
How do I know if I won the lot?
When the lot closes a message in green indicating you won will be displayed (see example below). In addition, you can check the item status in the "Realized Prices" tab.
How do I cancel a LiveProxy bid?
To cancel a LiveProxy bid, simply click the "x" adjacent to the bid and confirm you want to cancel (see below).
How can I scroll through lots and see more images before and during the auction?
See image below. At the top you will notice text links that allow you to go forward and backward through the auction. Below the auction photo you will notice additional images for some lot which you can mouse over to see a larger view.
How do I control the audio and video?
When you mouse over the video, below the screen controls will appear: Make video full screen ; audio volume control for mute: ; volume slider for increasing and decreasing volume.
Are you receiving all your Heritage e-mail?
Help ensure that your Heritage Auctions e-mails are always delivered to your inbox. Login to your e-mail system right now, and add the following domain HA.com and/or address Bid@HA.com to your email address book, contacts or safe senders list.
In order to make a bid over the internet in any Heritage auction, follow these steps:
Log onto HA.com.
Search or browse for the lot that you're interested in. You can do this from the HA.com home page, from the Auctions home page, or from the home page for the particular auction you wish to participate in.
Click on the link or the photo icon for the lot that you want to bid on, or you can bid straight from the Search Results page.
4.On this page, you will see a box, which allows you to place a bid. You will need to enter your secret maximum bid. If you are not logged in, you will then be prompted to enter your user name, and your password. The secret maximum bid is the maximum amount you are willing to pay for the item you're interested in. However, your current bid at any time will be the lesser of your maximum bid or one bid increment above what any other bidder has bid on your item. Click on the button marked "Place Bid" again to continue.
You will be taken to a page entitled "Please Confirm Your Bid". This page will show you the name of the item you're bidding on, the current bid, and the maximum bid. When you are satisfied with your bid, click on the button marked "Confirm Bid".
You will be taken to either of two pages. If your bid is the current high bid, you will be notified, and given some information on what might happen with your bid over the remainder of the auction. You will also receive a Bid Confirmation notice via e-mail.
If your bid is not the current high bid, you will be taken to a page that will notify you of that fact and allow you to place another bid.
Some of our auctions offer extended bidding for bidders who have already placed a bid. To see if extended bidding applies to your lot, look for the "Special Bidding Rules" link near the bid box. If you have already placed a bid, both the lot page and the search results will reflect the extended bidding deadline if you are logged in.
Continue with the Heritage Live!® Tutorial.
The big Heritage auction has come around, and you've found that item you want. You've placed the bid thatyou know will win the item for you. But while you know you're the leading bidder, the current bid keepscreeping higher and higher. Will your bid hold out against the Internet bidders who show up in the last tenminutes of the auction? Will it be able to win the lot against the people on the auction floor?
Because you have already entered a bid on the Heritage site does not mean you can't enter another. You canincrease your bid simply by bidding in exactly the same way you placed your original bid, through thepage describing the individual item, or you can increase your bid through any of the pages that allow BatchBidding. You do not bid against yourself; your bid is merely changed to the new amount and the current bid -what the item would sell for if the auction ended immediately --- is then recalculated.
Note: Increasing your maximum bid when you are already thehigh bidderwill NOT result in an increase in the current bid.
Bid Protection gives you an additional chance to win by automatically increasing your bid by theincrement(s) you select, as needed, if you are outbid during the live event. This protects you from being"sniped" at the last moment. Bid Protection can be entered at any time except for on the current lot and thenext, upcoming lot during Heritage Live.
It's simple. Just check the Bid Protection box and select the desired number of increments (½, 1, 2or 3) when you place a bid. There are several places where you can add Bid Protection to your bids.
On the Lot Details page
On the Confirm Your Bid page after first submitting a bid
On the Bid confirmation page once the bid has been placed
In Heritage Live, during LiveProxy bidding
In Heritage Live, on the Lot description page
In Heritage Live, on the My Bids/My TrackedLots tab
Learn more about Bid Protection in Heritage Live!
Note: The extra increment(s) won't be placed until the item is up for live bidding, so it is possible that you could be outbid by a bid placed prior to live bidding, such as another proxy bid, LiveProxy bid, mail bid, etc., which could result in your losing the lot by that increment. For the same reason, it is also possible that a currently losing bid with bid protection placed could potentially win the lot once the lot is subject to live bidding and the Bid Protection increment(s) placed. Bid Protection is designed to add up to 3 increments to your bid if it is needed to try to win the lot. It is not protection against much higher Internet or proxy bids.
You only need to bid once.
Bid the maximum amount you are willing to pay for this auction lot. This amount, unseen by other bidders or consignors, will be used to bid for you as long as the current bid is lower than your bid.
Bids must be whole dollar amounts. Partial dollar amounts will not be accepted.
Review your bid carefully before submitting it. Make sure that you are willing to pay the price you bid for this lot. If you make a mistake on your bid, you will have only one more chance to correct it before it becomes final.
If this lot has a photograph, click it for a more detailed view of the item.
A Buyer's Premium per Lot is charged in addition to the successful bid.
Because bids come in via phone, Email, FAX, regular mail, etc., a tie for the high bid is possible. In the event of a tie for the high bid, the first bid entered - regardless of its source - wins.
If you are the successful high bidder when the auction closes, you will receive an Email confirmation immediately following the auction followed by an E-mail invoice in the next few days for your winnings.
Terms and conditions differ for each type of sale and are subject to changes. Please review our Terms and Conditions. Your bid means that you accept them and will comply if you are the winning bidder.
Shipping varies according to the item type and quantity. View our complete shipping chart.
Bid increments determine the lowest amount you may bid on a particular lot. Normally, bids must be at least one bidding increment over the Current Bid. However, podium, fax, phone and mail bidders submit bids at various times without knowing the current bid and must be on-increment or at a half increment (called a Cut Bid). Any podium, fax, phone, or mail bids that do not conform to a full or half increment will be rounded up or down to the nearest full or half increment.
The current bid on any item in a Heritage auction will always be calculated as the lesser of:
The maximum bid on the item, or
One increment above the second highest bid on the item.
If a reserve has been posted on the lot, the current bid may not be less than the reserve.
In our Signature Auctions, we receive bids from many sources, such as faxes, mail bids, absentee phone bids, and podium bids - written bids left by someone present at the auction site. These bidders may not know the current bid at the time they place their bid; however their bid must be on-increment or at a half increment (called a cut bid). Any podium, fax, phone, or mail bids that do not conform to a full or half increment will be rounded up or down to the nearest full or half increment.
The rules for Internet bidders are a little different. Internet bidders need only bid an amount equal to or greater than the next increment. Internet bids greater than the minimum required next bid can be any whole dollar amount. It is possible under several circumstances for winning bids to be between increments, sometimes only $1 above the previous increment (see below).
When the auction closes, the winner of the item will be the person with the highest bid, but the hammer price of the item will be the calculated current bid on the item, regardless of what the actual high bid was. This allows you as a bidder to win items for less than your maximum bid. Our Signature Auctions open up on the auction floor at the Current Bid. We will execute the high Internet bidder's secret maximum bid on his behalf until he either wins the lot or is outbid.
Bidding increments for all of our auctions follow this table. Note that this is calculated without regard to the current bid; if an item has a current bid of $175, then the next bid will be $180, then $190, $200, $220, $240, etc.
Internet Bidding Increments
Current Bid Bid Increment
< $50 $1
$100 - $199 $5
$200 - $499 $10
$1,000 - $1,999 $50
$2,000 - $4,999 $100
$10,000 - $19,999 $500
$20,000 - $49,999 $1,000
$100,000 - $199,999 $5,000
$200,000 - $499,999 $10,000
$1,000,000 - $1,999,999 $25,000
>= $10,000,000 $100,000
Live Bidding Increments
$2,000,000 - $9,999,999 $100,000
Sometimes, astute Internet bidders will place a bid between increments with the idea that they may be able to win a piece for less than a full increment above another bidder. Take the example of a bidder looking at a lot in a Signature auction that he thinks is worth roughly $110 plus the buyer's premium. The current bid on the piece is $1, which always means that there is only one bidder on the item. Our bidder has no way of knowing what the actual maximum bid on the item is, but he decides to place a bid of $111. This bid is designed specifically to outbid somebody that might have already bid $110. Once our bidder has placed this bid, he will see one of the following:
If the previous maximum bid was $109 or less, the new bid will become the high bid and the current bid will become the bidding increment above the previous bid.
If the previous maximum bid was exactly $110, the new bid will become the high bid and the current bid will become exactly $111.
If the previous maximum bid was between $111 and $119, the new bid will be immediately outbid, and the current bid will become the previous bidder's high bid.
If the previous maximum bid was $120 or more, the new bid will be immediately outbid, and the current bid will become $120.
Heritage offers the "Make an Offer" feature on all items that have been in inventory for over 30 days. All of our items are priced to sell quickly because inventory turnover is a key to our business. But sometimes even the best things don't sell right away, and in the past we have generally wholesaled these to other dealers. Frankly, we would rather sell these items to our collector clients, since we always need pieces for stock and our auctions and we have found that our clients tend to remember Heritage when they sell their collections.
We will gladly sell you these items at bona fide wholesale prices, or even a bit less. Heritage will either accept your offer or pass, usually within three business days or less. Our usual satisfaction guarantees still apply.
Here, we see a listing for a 1918 50C Lincoln MS67 PCGS coin, listed for $1,625. Because there is a "Make an Offer" icon on this coin, this means that we will be happy to listen to offers on it. Click on the icon, and you will see something like this:
The page will list the item and the suggested offer range. Enter your name and e-mail so we know who to contact, and then enter your offer in the appropriate box. Heritage will accept the highest offer in this price range received in the three business days (or less) after the first offer is received. Ties always go to the first offer. Heritage will not counteroffer or play you off against another buyer -- we will either pass or play within three business days. Offers below the recommended range will automatically be rejected.
Offers above the recommended range will automatically be accepted unless the item is no longer available. Therefore, if you want to be awarded the item right away, assuming it is still available, without waiting up to three business days, we suggest you offer $1 above the high end of the suggested price range.
If you have already decided which lots in one of our auctions you would like to bid on, but do not want to enter your name and password individually for every single lot, you can use our Batch Bidding feature.
Track the items you're interested in bidding on. You can do this from either the full auction listing, or from the page for each individual lot.
Once you have determined which items you wish to bid on, and the amounts of your bids, go to the "My Bids" page, located under the "My Heritage" tab. Choose "Items I'm Tracking".
This will bring you to a complete listing of items that you have chosen to track and have not yet bid on. Enter the amounts that you wish to bid for each item on which you wish to place a bid. At the bottom of the page, enter your user name and password.
A dialog box will appear, asking you if you wish to confirm the bids you just entered. If you wish to confirm the bids, choose "OK". This will enter your bids.
Important: items that you have bid on will no longer appear on the "Items I'm Tracking" page; rather, they will appear on the "My Bids" page.
You can also batch bid from the "My Bids" page. This requires exactly the same process as batch bidding from the "Items I'm Tracking" page, as outlined above in items 3 and 4.
Batch bidding is intended as a labor saving aid only. Depending on the number of bids you submit at any one time it may take awhile to transfer those bids into our system so you should not count on being able to snipe bids at the last minute. We make no guarantee that your bids will be executed on time. Other bids may be coming in during the time that your "Batch Bids" are being processed causing you to lose a tie bid entered before yours. We recommend that you not use batch bidding within one hour of the close of the auction.
If you wish to keep track of lots in a Heritage auction for later bids, you can do so through our website via the Tracking feature. This gives you one location to find everything you're interested in, as well as allowing you to Batch Bid from that page.
There are three ways to track lots. In grid or list view on the search results page there is a "Track this Item" button:
Likewise, on each individual lot page, there is a button under the Place Bid box that reads, "Track Item":
Click on this link, and Heritage will track the lot for you:
If you have a lot of items to track, tracking each individually in this manner will take forever. For this reason, we also offer you the ability to track items en masse. From any auction home page, you can track as many items at a time. If you know the lot numbers simply enter them in the Batch Tracking field and click "Submit":
To see a complete list of the items you're tracking, go to My Tracked Lots. This is available from the drop-down menus under My Heritage on any page on the website; directly from the My Heritage page, or from the My Bids page via the link "Show Items I'm Tracking." The tracking list looks quite similar to My Bids:
From this page, you can watch the progress of the bids on these items, remove the items from tracking, or even place a batch bid.
Note that My Tracked Lots only covers items that you have not bid on, because it's designed to allow you to watch items that you are interested in for any reason but may not have any intention of bidding on. Once you place a bid on any tracked item, it will not show up on the My Tracks page, but will be available normally from My Bids.
Getting outbid immediately upon placing a bid will happen if another bidder has previously placed a secret maximum bid higher than the secret maximum bid you are placing.
Any time you place a bid online, that amount serves as a "secret maximum bid" referred to in the auction industry as a "proxy bid". The auction house uses your secret proxy bid to compete for you against other bidders in the auction, always raising your current bid to the minimum needed to win the lot, but no more than your secret maximum. The current bid on a lot shows what is currently necessary to win a lot, but may not reflect the true secret maximum of the top bidder.
When there is only one bidder, the current bid will always be $1 since that is one increment above the next lowest bid of $0, but the bidder's secret maximum is hidden in the system and competing for them.
Example: If the current bid on a lot is $0 because no one has placed a bid and you then bid $1000, the current bid will be $1. If no one else ever bids against you, you would win the lot at $1 - not $1000. If someone else bids $750, the current bid will immediately increase to $775, the minimum bid required to win the lot, which is one increment over the next highest bid. The $775 bid is your bid since your secret maximum is competing for you, and the low bidder would immediately receive an outbid notice.
This feature works with most calendar programs. There is a known issue with certain installations of Outlook 2000. If you are experiencing problems with that software, please use the steps below to take advantage of this feature:
Click the "Add Calendar Reminder" link
Click "Save" when prompted
Save the .ics file to a familiar spot on your computer
Open Outlook 2000
On the File menu, click Import and Export.
Click to select Import an iCalendar or vCalendar file (*.vcs) , and then click Next.
Click to select the .ics file that you saved in Step 3, and then click Open.
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WHY MFBB WAS WRONG ABOUT THE RIGHTWING SHIFT IN GERMANY.
We have already had Boob Man…
…and faithful readers no doubt will remember our Fwench fwiend:
but nothing beats the Germans. Compared to this level of sophisitication, the Downeast Crew, at least the male part, is but a bunch of smelly Neanderthals. A new breed has arisen: PANTYMAN!!!
Vergessen Sie veraltete Ansichten,
seien Sie Mann genug,
neue Welten zu erkunden,
Bekleidung als Genuß zu erleben.
Wir haben die NEUEN
Strumpfhosen für den Mann!
(Forget the old customs,
Be man enough,
to explore new worlds,
and to experience clothing as something to savor.
We have the NEW
panties for the Man!)
Personally, I favor the Aurel 70Den version. Because, you see, this classic opaque men’s pantyhose is made of cotton and polyamide for a very soft and warm feeling. It makes you feel all warm and fuzzy inside, and it guarantees superb comfort especially in the (wink! wink!) area huhuhuhuhu!!!!! This particular pantyhose has no open fly but a specially designed front panel for the anatomy of a men, and I can really, really recommend it.
......................( )
Hey, wait a minute! Did I just say that out loud?
LUC VAN BRAEKEL ON THE DENNIS PRAGER SHOW.
You might want to check this out. Belgian/Flemish top blogger Luc Van Braekel, who is also a successful Internet Entrepreneur, will be interviewed live by phone on The Dennis Prager Show on Wednesday September 21 between 9am and 10pm Pacific Time. This on account of the release of the newest turd hit by Flemish May 68 fossil Raymond Van het Groenewoud, titled "Weg met Amerika" (Down with America), on which topic Mr. Van Braekel will shed some light from a Flemish point of view.
Oh please, I know it's been on The Brussels Journal and even on LGF, but it really wasn't that important. After all, this dork's career was at its zenith when POTUS was a Pinda Farmer, and then only with two or three "hits". For those of you who still want to know who RvhG is, click here. See? It really ain't important, besides, just lookit the guy. Either he died when Pinda Potus had to yield to Ronnie and they reanimated him just for the cover photo, or he's terminally suffering from a big disease with a little name.
No, I just mention this because you know, I've come across this Prager's name on the net for some time and I have the impression he's a talkshow icon in the States, and when a fella like that interviews LVB, well, that just ought to be interesting. Over here, Luc has become somewhat the blogging reference, with even main newspapers referring to his site lvb.net, which also has an english chapter. I would situate Luc right of center, in that he is still a member of my old party, the center-right VLD. But if I'm not mistaken, he's also got libertarian traits and, being an entrepreneur himself, he's unapologetic pro free market. And he's a GREAT friend of America!!!
To prove my point, I included the pic to the right, showing Luc draped in a Stars and Stripes. This being a wholly owned Nazi White Supremacy KKK blog subSSidiary, our readers will be pleased to note that Mr. Van Braekel is of true Aryan descent, see also the piercing blue lookers. As a final token of his unflinching support for the American Empire, note also his battle cry "Weg met het Arabisch Schiereiland", which translates as Down with the Arabic Peninsula.
Readers should be aware that as a result of this bluntness all across the Islamic World fatwas were pronounced calling for the death of our hero. A.o. from KSA, where a certain Imam A'Big Ass'hole called upon the faithful to bring him Mr. Van Braekels head, or from Islamsterdam where a certain Ayatollah F'kin' D'umb'Ass exhorted a hysterical crowd to do a Theo Van Gogh to that infidel upstart from the restive southern provinces.
Anyway, if you got the time here is some data to follow the interview. For those regulars I know the approximate location of, see this brief overview:
*Florence, Alabama: WBCF-AM, freq. 1240, Weekend Best of Prager Show
*Denver-Boulder, Colorado: KNUS-AM, freq. 710, 10 AM - 1 PM - Live
*Bangor, Maine: WWNZ-AM, freq. 1400, Weekend Best of Prager Show
*Boston, Massachusetts: WTTT-AM, freq. 1150, 12 PM - 3 PM - Live
*Blacksburg-Christiansburg-Radford-Pulaski, Virginia: WPIN-AM, freq. 810, 12 PM - 2 PM - Live
*Richmond, Virginia: WTOX-AM, freq. 1480, 2 PM - 3 PM
Tell me how you liked it.
You can find the conversation between Dennis and Luc on Lucs podcast channel. I think it's quite good, but then of course I'm a Fleming. There are many important excerpts, one that stuck with me is when Luc is talking about the plethora of social security institutions (the unions, the "mutualities" - horrible word, huh?) in the Old Europe and that the Leftist Establishment is actually frightened of the pressure from the newly EU-admitted countries which increasingly seem to choose for the Anglosaxon model voor social services. I was pleasantly surprised that Dennis at once exclaimed "Estonia! Poland!" etc... so I guess he's aware of the flat tax revolution in the former Eastern Bloc. As an aside, there's upcoming elections in Poland too, and one of the presidential candidates, Tusk, is advocating a 15% flat tax. But enough of that, if you got the time, check out the interview! Skip the weather and traffic info.
Nice that Dennis said "Dank u" (Thank you) at the end of the interview, and fairly good, but he seems to have big problems pronouncing "Braekel". Hey, for Anglosaxons trying to speak Dutch, I can symphatize! Nite all.
COLUMBUS'S EGG: THE JAMAICA OPTION!!!
Okay, guess you got wind of it already.
The German Christian-Democrats made a piss-poor performance. True, they scored biggest... with 35% of the vote or so. Schroeder's SPD made a dramatic comeback and stranded on 34.1% or something. Predictions were that the CDU/CSU would get 41% of the vote, so the mood at CDU/CSU HQ was pretty downcast. There was a blame game.
Other developments were:
* the pro business FDP of Guido Westerwelle got 10%, which in itself is very good, but it is assumed that somehow Merkel did not appeal/convince enough and that part of the vote which would otherwise have gone to Merkel now landed at the FDP.
* The Greens under Joschka Fischer stayed at around 7-8%.
* the newly raised extreme leftwing party Die Linke (The Left) under commie fossil Oskar Lafontaine also got some 8%. But since their rambling leftist discourse is as out of date as MFBB showing up in graying ponytail and loudly singing Europes "The Final Countdown" at an East Coast Spring Break Party, no one, not even Schroeder, wants to form a coalition with them.
Merkel made a weak claim that in the event of a "grand coalition" CDU/CSU with SPD, she ought to be Chancellor. And here it gets interesting. A jubilant Schroeder apparently went throught the roof. At press conferences yesterday he boasted that Germany "would be reigned another four years by Gerd Schroeder". Info here.
For a couple of hours, it had indeed sounded like it would be just that: a CDU/CSU forced to co-habitate with the SPD, effectively rendering political decisionmaking a lame duck. A nightmare scenario for German industry. But Schroeders claim that he would lead the coalition was so utterly arrogant that, well, that something clicked in the German political scene.
And now, and now, it's just that, I just read this over at David's Medienkritik... I can't believe it, it just seems too good to be true. Oh, of course, this is the correct way!!! A coalition CDU/CSU with the pro free market FDP was always the most favoured outcome. But with the Christian Democrat's poor performance unfortunately no longer feasible. But, if you add in the Greens, it again becomes possible!!!! And that's why there's now talk of the so-called "Jamaica Option", a coalition of CDU/CSU (black), FDP (yellow) and Die Gruene (green). Which are, as you understand by now, the colours of the Jamaican flag.
OK, let Ray D. of David's Medienkritik do the talking:
Most people, including myself, late last night forecasted a grand coalition of the conservative CDU/CSU and the left-wing SPD. Taken together, they would hold a large majority of the seats in Germany's new parliament. Then came chancellor Schroeder's freaky performance at elections eve's tv discussion (video) with other political leaders... and suddenly a coalition of CDU/CSU, the pro-business FDP and (hold your breath) the green party of foreign minister Fischer seems possible.
A "Jamaica coalition" of CDU/CSU (black),
FDP (yellow) and green party...
All parties involved would find it difficult to form a Jamaica coalition, but given the alternative of a grand coalition, the Jamaica option looks increasingly attractive. Especially the green party would face a grim fate as the smallest opposition party in case of a grand coalition. Even Jürgen Trittin, environmental minister under Schroeder and a prominent member of the green's left wing, made some encouraging remarks about the Jamaica option...
Juergen Trittin is the dork who made fun of the American response to Katrina. He's the kind of dudes who think that Katrinas are the result of GWB not signing the Kyoto Protocol. Oh, I know, the Greens are mostly loons. But the important thing is to get CDU/CSU and FDP together in one dish. If it takes the Greens to make that scenario possible, so be it. And their leader Joschka Fischer is more reasonable and more pro-US than you'd think. Some may remember how he got eggs thrown at him by pary members when he defended the US's intervention in the Balkans in the late nineties.
Dammit, yesterday I felt so down that I couldn't write. But if this thing could get through... Remember, with the Christian Democrats at the helm the relationship with the US will improve significantly. Plus, of course, in such an event the ambitious tax and economic reforms may still be implemented to a considerable extent. Thus, with good prospects for the German economy. And the German economy is the locomotive of Europe... Developing....
If you've got some spare time, this is worth watching.
Victor Davis Hanson administers a first class thrashing to Arianna Huffington in a recent debate.
For our next act, the New England Patriots will take on my daughter's kindergarten class in a tug of war.
WHY MFBB WAS WRONG ABOUT THE RIGHTWING SHIFT IN GE...
LUC VAN BRAEKEL ON THE DENNIS PRAGER SHOW. You mi...
COLUMBUS'S EGG: THE JAMAICA OPTION!!! Okay, guess...
If you've got some spare time, this is worth watch...
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Say NO to the death penalty in Belarus
Why the death penalty should be abolished
Different countries
New death sentence pronounced in Viciebsk
Viktar Paulau. Credit: Investigative Committee of Belarus
The Viciebsk Regional Court has sentenced Viktar Paulau, 50, to death finding him guilty of a double murder committed in December 2018.
Paulau was convicted of killing two elderly women in a village near Viciebsk.
The defendant’s counsel, in turn, argued that the women were murdered as a result of a conflict provoked by one of the victims, who allegedly verbally attacked the man. The lawyer also stressed that his client turned himself in and confessed to the crime.
In his final statement, the defendant said that he was sorry for what he had done.
The verdict is this year’s second death sentence in Belarus. In January, Aliaksandr Asipovich was sentenced to death in Babrujsk.
Book «Capital punishment in Belarus»
Belarusian Embassy in Germany doesn't care for human rights
It's time to introduce a moratorium on the death penalty in Belarus
Legal murders
Death verdics in Belarus since 1990
EU, CoE “reaffirm strong opposition” to death penalty after new sentences delivered in Belarus
The European Union reaffirms its strong opposition against the application of capital punishment in any circumstance, the EU External Action Service said in a statement following the two death sentences handed down in Belarus on January 10.
Two men sentenced to death in Čerykaŭ
Two men, Illia Kostseu and Stanislau Kostseu, have been sentenced to death at a visiting session of the Mahilioŭ Regional Court held today in the town of Čerykaŭ. Judge Mikhail Melnikau found the two brothers, aged 21 and 19, respectively, of killing their former school teacher and setting her house on fire to destroy the evidence.
EU, CoE, PACE call for moratorium in response to new execution in Belarus
The spokespersons of the European Union, the Council of Europe, and the CoE’s Parliamentary Assembly have once again called on the Belarusian authorities to introduce a moratorium on executions in Belarus. The statements were released after the news came of another execution in the continent’s last retentionist country.
E-mail: viasna@spring96.org | Пры выкарыстаньні матэрыялаў сайта актыўная спасылка абавязковая
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A (Very) Brief Realist Approach
On October 30, 2015 November 1, 2015 By A. HyderIn film, horror, movies, Uncategorized
A brief conversation on the comment board of someone else’s blog has triggered an answer to a question that I had been asking myself for the past week. The answer to, can realist cinema be effective to me?
Realist cinema, a much debated style in the area of film, has an ever-growing following worldwide but is mainly produced in Europe. I understand the ideas behind it but still I asked myself, what is the point?
In my opinion, films are created as a source of entertainment. We watch them to relax and unwind and not for any other reason. At least I believed this until I started to analyse the films that I have watched. I soon developed a new opinion on the subject due to a realisation that the majority of films I watch are ones that make you think. With that being said, I still was not fully invested in realist cinema. Clearly I am not opposed to watching a film that requires me to put my brain in to a different gear so what was the problem?
Taking some time to think was a great idea because it allowed me to step back and view the whole picture. I enjoy films that make me work but could it be, that deep down, I still believe film should use tools of manipulation to draw its viewers in? It was exactly that.
The realist film in particular, The Kid With a Bike, didn’t use fancy camera angles, did not use a soundtrack and did not try to make me understand why people were doing what they were doing. Why was this hairdresser so intent on fostering a young boy who you would sooner slap than support? In any other film this lack of structure would send viewers in to disarray. They would proclaim that the script was weak or that there was no point to the story but somehow the Dardenne brothers made it work.
Despite recognition at Cannes Film Festival, I still did not fully understand the point of realist cinema but maybe this was because I had the Hollywood way thrust upon me from an early age. No. I just don’t like it. What’s a film without a solid story? I want to be manipulated. It is an art in itself to craft an emotion from the audience using trickery; if I wanted real life I wouldn’t be watching a film.
So I have established my minor dislikes for realist cinema but.. What if..
What if the conversation today made me realise how valuable the realist approach could be to something like horror. Holy s*it. It could be the thing that brings horror to a whole new level. No cheesy 80’s soundtrack and no fancy tracking shots. Just a scary event and me being dropped in to the film as a voyeur.
If realism can make me feel emotion in a film when I don’t even fully understand why the maker is trying to put things across in this manner, then think of the emotion it could stir in a terrifying situation. That, I do understand.
As all horror fans know, the biggest scares of all come from the fear of the Unknown; maybe less information in regards to a plot would reward us greatly because the narrative is where most films in the horror genre fail. The found footage film has helped to push horror in this direction but surely we can push the boundaries further and unlock the key to finding what scares us the most.
A new project I feel.
filmhorrormoviesrealismrealist
Until Dawn: Game Review
Four Anthology Horror Films for Halloween
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South Korea: North Korea Has 6,000-Strong Cyber Army
Published by Vahid Razavi on January 9, 2019 January 9, 2019
An undated picture released by North Korea’s official Korean Central News Agency shows leader Kim Jong-Un looking at a computer during a military drill.” An undated picture released by North Korea’s official Korean Central News Agency shows leader Kim Jong-Un looking at a computer during a military drill.
South Korea officials warned on Tuesday that rival North Korea has a 6,000-member cyber army tasked with attacking and disrupting its democratic neighbors military and government computer networks.
It was previously believed that North Korea’s cyber force numbered around 3,000, the Washington Post reports. Despite endemic poverty and malnutrition among much of its citizenry, the Pyongyang regime has still managed to muster the resources necessary to maintain a large cyber warfare force capable of inflicting damage upon the South.
The South Korean Defense Ministry said the North’s cyber warriors are dedicated to paralyzing the South psychologically and materially and have been launching electronic attacks targeting military and government networks. South Korea has accused its neighbor, which is ruled by the brutal Stalinist dictator Kim Jong-un, of carrying out at least half a dozen major cyber attacks against it since 2007.
The United States has accused North Korea of a cyber attack targeting Sony Pictures Entertainment, the Hollywood film studio which produced The Interview, a comedy starring Seth Rogen and James Franco which skewers Kim. The film’s scheduled nationwide Christmas day release was suspended after many of the largest US cinema chains cancelled screenings.
Although Pyongyang denies being behind the attack, the Obama administration has responded by tightening already severe economic sanctions against North Korea. The hermit kingdoms limited Internet network has also been repeatedly knocked offline by unknown cyber assailants, with many believing Washington to be conducting retaliatory action.
The North’s cyber warfare activities have an air of irony, since most North Koreans, who live under what is arguably the most repressive regime on earth, have never even used or seen the Internet before.
The Korean peninsula remains technically in a state of war, since the 1950-53 Korean War ended in a truce, not a peace treaty. There are still some 28,500 US troops stationed in South Korea to deter a possible North Korean attack.
In related news, the South Korean Defense Ministry said on Tuesday that North Korea may have developed missiles capable of striking the United States mainland, and that Pyongyang is attempting to miniaturize nuclear warheads to fit atop such missiles. North Korea has conducted three nuclear weapons tests since 2006, most recently in 2013.
Pyongyang says it is developing missiles to launch satellites, and that its nuclear arsenal is a necessary deterrent against American aggression.
Categories: Ethics In Tech - Curated ArticlesUncategorized
Report: US drone strike kills Afghan civilians, Taliban commander
By Brett Wilkins Also published at Antiwar.com An unconfirmed number of Afghan civilians – reportedly more than 40 – were killed along with the regional leader of a splinter Taliban faction and dozens of militants Read more…
Ethics in Tech Strongly Opposes US War on Iran
By Brett Wilkins You don’t need to tell Ethics in Tech that war is hell. Some of the earliest childhood memories of our founder, Vahid Razavi — who was born in Iran — involve being under attack Read more…
If Twitter banned Danielle Stella, why not ban Trump too?
By Brett Wilkins Twitter has long faced intense criticism for turning a blind eye to right-wing hate speech on its platform, including by the world’s most (in)famous tweeter, US President Donald Trump. In the face Read more…
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1 Actor/Actress / 3 Model / 4 Musician / B
by ethnic · August 5, 2008
Bleu in 2009, Featureflash / Shutterstock.com
Birth Name: Corbin Bleu Reivers
Place of Birth: Brooklyn, New York City, New York, U.S.
*African-Jamaican (father)
*Italian (mother)
Corbin Bleu is an American actor, model, dancer, film producer, singer, and songwriter. He is known for his role in the series Flight 29 Down, and as Chad Danforth in the High School Musical films.
He is the son of Martha (Callari) and David Reivers, an actor. His father, who is black, was born in Kingston, Jamaica. His mother is of Italian descent.
Corbin is married to Canadian actress Sasha Clements.
Corbin’s paternal grandmother is named Sarah Velez (likely a re-marriage surname).
Corbin’s maternal grandfather is named Joseph Callari (the son of Charles/Colasere Callari and Salvatora). Joseph was born in Pennsylvania, to Italian parents.
Corbin’s maternal grandmother is Theresa Marie Degregorio (the daughter of Herbert DeGregorio/Gregoria and Josephine Gatto). Theresa was born in New York. Herbert was born in New York, to Italian parents. Josephine was Italian.
Source: Corbin’s maternal grandfather, Joseph Callari, on the 1930 U.S. Census – https://www.familysearch.org
Tags: AfricanAfrican-JamaicanItalianJamaican
bablah says:
Maternal grandparents were Joseph Callari and Theresa Marie Degregorio. Joseph was the son of Charles Callari and Salvatora. Theresa was the daughter of Herbert Degregorio/Gregoria and Josephine.
https://www.familysearch.org/ark:/61903/1:1:X4LH-5FT
https://www.familysearch.org/ark:/61903/1:1:KQR7-GCP
I think this family is Sicilian (probably from Caltanissetta)
An interesting article about Corbin’s uncle: http://thevillager.com/villager_101/villageboystillperfor.html
One of Corbin’s grandmothers is named “Sarah Velez”.
Adrian1Cram says:
nice hair…
Corbin’s mother is Martha Callari
delnegro says:
Isn’t he gay ? Whatever he’s hot
fuzzybear44 says:
Corbin Bleu is gay?
cwm85 says:
Idk and who cares. Handsome man and nice mix.
he is ugly
Swizz Beatz
Tom Cotton
Hannah Jeter
Gabriella Wilde
Kendrick Sampson
Shalim Ortiz
Colin O’Donoghue
KJ Apa
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You are here: Home / InfoSociety / Pakistan’s digital revolution is happening faster than you think
Pakistan’s digital revolution is happening faster than you think
November 23, 2018 by World Economic Forum Leave a Comment
UN Photo/Cia Pak Makhdoom Shah Mahmood Hussain Qureshi, Minister for Foreign Affairs of the Islamic Republic of Pakistan, addresses the seventy-third session of the United Nations General Assembly.
This article is brought to you thanks to the strategic cooperation of The European Sting with the World Economic Forum.
Author: Ayla Majid, Managing Director, Financial Advisory Services, Khalid Majid Rehman
The digital power of China’s Belt & Road Initiative (BRI) is slowly unfolding and shaping into a whole new area of opportunity.
When the BRI took global centre stage in 2013, most conversations revolved around traditional infrastructure: building roads, railways, power sources and linking borders. However, the digital awakening that BRI brings, and the associated development of human capital and innovation, is much more powerful.
The global map is being altered at a much faster rate than anticipated due to the disruption created by digital infrastructure, artificial intelligence, the Internet of Things, and blockchain. Further digital and technological disruption is now set to mend fractures in society – leading to improved living conditions and enhanced economic empowerment.
This disruption has given new life to e-commerce and the start-up scene in BRI countries. In light of the Global Competitiveness Index 4.0, it is extremely important that economies grow in all areas, overcoming challenges and making investment in human capital and innovation. Resilience and agility are key.
Looking at the South Asian region, some of the traditional deterrents to growth have been inadequate transport facilities, patchy power supplies and lack of financial inclusion. As we have seen in the past, industrial revolutions take their time to reach developing countries but the Fourth Industrial Revolution has been quick to reach all corners of the world.
Billions of dollars of investment are bridging the infrastructure and power supply gap while improving technology – the goal is to look past the problems that have hindered the road to progress in countries along the BRI.
The flagship project of the BRI, the China-Pakistan Economic Corridor (CPEC), which is a major collaboration between China and Pakistan, has been rapidly progressing and the impact of the project can be seen in the lives of Pakistani people, as reflected in an improving human development index.
Pakistan, which is emerging from many years of the war on terror, is now on a decent path to progress, with economic growth of 5.8% and improved investor confidence. At the World Economic Forum in 2017, Ebay’s chief executive, Devin Wenig, highlighted Pakistan as one of the fastest growing e-commerce markets in the world. In 2018, Alibaba bought Pakistan’s largest e-commerce platform, Daraz.pk.
Growth is being accelerated by other major investments in power and connectivity infrastructure, technology and digital infrastructure. Ant Financial Services, China’s biggest online payment service provider, recently bought a 45% stake in Telenor Microfinance Bank, in a deal that valued the Pakistani bank at $410 million.
Irfan Wahab, chief executive of Telenor Pakistan, called the deal a “game changer”; while Eric Jing, chief executive of Ant Financial, said it would provide “inclusive financial services in a transparent, safe, low-cost and efficient way to a largely unbanked and underbanked population in Pakistan”.
This kind of investment will benefit from the significant demographic dividend in Pakistan, targeting the largely unbanked young population, and providing not only financial inclusion but also a base on which to build digital businesses.
What the country needs now is to improve its position on the innovation and financial inclusion indices, currently at 89 and 75 respectively, on the World Economic Forum’s Competitiveness Index 2018.
Image: World Economic Forum
CPEC is creating the atmosphere for investments like this, which improve connectivity with infrastructure and digital advances. The prospects for getting more benefits out of the project have improved further with the change of government in Pakistan. By providing more transparency in CPEC deals, the government of Pakistan is ensuring a safe investment that will not lead the country into danger.
It has been observed that populations in countries with large digital and technological divides are fast adopters of technology. China is at the forefront of developing future technologies – artificial intelligence, robotics, cyber and space technologies – making it a promising partner for countries along the BRI.
This demonstrates the opportunity presented by the Fourth Industrial Revolution, which can uplift people by merging the physical, digital and biological worlds to create a better quality of life and “harnessing and converging technologies in order to create an inclusive, human-centred future”.
The underlying concern for stakeholders in Pakistan and the rest of the region is to improve skills and create a future-ready workforce with an understanding of digital media and knowledge about entrepreneurship.
The rapid completion of CPEC projects and the use of digital technology in the process is disrupting the economy and the lives of people at the same time. The question is whether Pakistan’s leadership will choose to embrace these technologies and take advantage of the biggest project on the road to progress. The future is full of opportunities and promise.
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Filed Under: InfoSociety, Technology, World Economic Forum Tagged With: Digital Revolution, Industry 4.0, Pakistan, The European Sting, The Sting, WEF Agenda, World Economic Forum
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Art, Artist, Auseklis, Balkan Folklore, Balkan Shamanism, Belarusian, Dancers, Dark Goddess, Dreamers, dreaming, Finno-Ugric, Fire, fire ceremonies, fire spirits, Folk Magic, Folk Medicine, Folk Rites, folk song, Folk Tradition, Folkart, Folklore, koleda, Magic, Mysteries of Kolyadky, myths, Peasants, Russian Paganism, Shaman, Shamanism, slavic, slavic folklore, slavic paganism, Slavic Shamanism, Soul, spirituality, Symbolism, The Midnight Sun, Uncategorized, Winter, Winter Solstice, Women Studies
The Midnight Sun – A Generous Invitation to the Marriage of the Spirit and the North Winds. Slavic & Balkan Traditions of Kolyadky & Auseklis
Posted by Elder Mountain Dreaming on December 30, 2015 December 20, 2019
By Phoenix of Elder Mountain and other contributors, edited by Sarah Burnt Stone – The Midnight Sun in the pre-pagan traditions of the Moon Cultures which includes the pre-shamanism cultures of the Dreamers. The Moon lights our way through the Winter which is all year long…
The Languages of symbolism is very deep, rich and very ancient, as it comes long before written languages ever existed, and has been used in mainly the communications of art in all its forms. Symbols are able to saturate a story, and if you understand symbolism, you can read a cave painting, or symbols on traditional textiles, translate dreams accurately and live a full live without books. So, too understand how old our soul truly is, who needs to talk or read? Not us.
It is our connection to nature, and the unconscious living events that requires stillness to experience great observation within the realms of self awareness in the living and natural world that reflects who were are at our core. If you cannot dance with the earth, she will not show you these treasures. Shamans over the millenniums that are pure, are female and are from a pre-patriarchal tradition, can extract various stories and understandings without needing to study.
Why is this important? Its important because it contains wisdom of where we have come from as souls and where we are going without being corrupted or manipulated in our feminine half which has been hidden, abused, lost and marketed for power by grandfathers of all nations for four thousand years. I think we’ve had enough of that in order to be able to heal our elusive souls… yes souls, we have quite a few.
If writing is under the inventions of the language of the mind and all that it comes with that… symbolism is the language of the soul and all that it comes with it. It is the root language of the empaths, the dreamers, the artists and the shamans which existed long before any creation of runes, astrology, record keeping, mathematics. We didn’t need it and some of us still don’t. Nothing is really older in language than our own palm lines on our hands, these are the oldest symbols in humanity, but symbolism is a counterpart to such ancient languages.
This communication of the symbol above can be seen in almost all ancient clothing designs, a reflection of our “subtle bodies” (our souls) or the “root or bones” of our “emotional and energetic” language expressed through image, dreams, art, symbolism, imagination (manifestation of image) and intuitive energetic intelligence such as synchronicity and natural magic (nature).
We don’t need to explore anymore, we need to take the journey back to our past and past lives to heal our fragmented souls. That is the future you should invest in. When winter comes, the north winds blow and the midnight sun is the moon light of half the year that is cyclical to our emotional nature.
Dreamers need to understand our empathic and old soul natures of prehistory for their own future. This is a path of a full spiritual journey (not just mind-body) and the thirst this lifetime starts from birth and lasts our whole entire life. In the beginning ages of the last 7,000 years it was body & soul (sun & moon), in the last 2,500 years it was body and mind (sun). Now we enter Soul & Nature again (Earth & Moon) and it is self understanding and reclaiming, first our human and its karma and then our nature (animism, celestial and elemental).
For most old souls it will just be a flexing of such reality, taking back what fairy tales and legends stole from us. Believing but not really believing (experiences) and to understand prehistory rites and movements with nature of symbolism, dreaming symbolism (not dream symbolism and there is a huge difference). And the subtle ritualistic art of dreamtime as a real language.
My focus is always on healing our individual Souls and how we get there from mind/body and emotional body. My focus is also in divination terms, one of the symbols of my ancestors which is called the “Star” or what was in prehistory called the “Midnight Sun” – and it is equaled to the ancient sacred Swastika and Sauwastika but with dual doorways (8 sides) instead of single arms and doors.
This has to do with the consciousness (of mysticism) called nature herself in a more balanced feminine and masculine attribute to our bein, instead of just male or masculine so dominant since the 3rd century ce. The midnight sun is connected to the equinoxes and solstices based on nature’s teachings, not human. That is why its only retained in art and artistic expressions.
Russia. Chuvash national embroidery of the 18th century.
One of the Midnight Sun people are the Polish Kashubian or Kashubs also spelled Kaszubians, Kassubians, Cassubians who are a West Slavic ethnic group in Pomerelia, located in north-central Poland. The Kashubian people are believed to be an original Baltic tribe who have held onto their own language, which is similar to the Polish modern language.
They have resided on the shores of the Baltic Sea since the 7th century ce. The landscape of mountains, meadows, sea, lakes, and forest and there is a legend that the lands and its people are protected by a Griffin who guard them forever which is much like the Fu Dogs who protect the Mongolian Indigenous tribes (not the military cults).
Kashubian traditional folk art is inspired by what was and still is around them, the flowers, the bees, butterflies, trees and sea life. Like many ancient cultures, portraying their identity through their art forms, the Kashubian Star represents the ancient “Midnight Sun of the Winter Solstice” and only specific more ancient tribes have such a symbolism.
The Auseklis – Midnight Sun, Goddess of the Dawn (now called a Star) and in Ukraine traditions, its called the Mysteries of Kolyadky…
This Midnight Sun (or Star as its called), is the the Season of Night which is Autumn and Winter. It is also the Season of Fire – Spring and Summer. I live within this prehistory dreamers language in my shaman’s life and my healing wok, dreaming life and each moon cycle and how it effects dreams, dreaming and dreamtime.
One of the symbols sacred to the Latvian Balkan, is the Auseklis – The Midnight Sun, Goddess of the Dawn (now called a Star). In Ukraine tradition, its called the Mysteries of Kolyadky. The Aurora (Auseklis) is the Midnight Sun, Goddess of the Dawn is the oldest of all Slavic and Balkan countries symbols and its meaning, even older than all the pagan gods.
It has magical meanings in Latvian folklore of the ancient understanding of the secrets of magical nature, the magical self in relationship to nature. If your bed sheets are covered with this symbols then bed sheet protect though the symbol the dreamer from any shadow or evil wandering souls in the vicinity.
The symbol is also associated with ancient medicine, the straight or turned cross style. Auseklis is used commonly in folk and peasant usage of the Latvian culture. This is the most important ancient symbol to them, which is with the references of the night. In Latvia, its the Night Sun or Midnight Star as it is associated with Winter, the Winter Solstice and the protection from evil and shadows of the underworld.
From Dawn Maid and Sun Maid: Celestial Goddesses among the Proto Indo Europeans by Miriam Robbins Dexter Antioch University, she writes: “The Indo-European Dawn Goddess appears in Northern Indo-European, particularly in Baltic folk songs. Proto-Indo-European Aus-tero gave rise to several cognate dawn goddesses, including Lithuanian AuSra, Latvian Auseklis, Old Prussian Ausca, and Roman Aurora. Throughout these folklore and mythology, the Goddess of the Dawn is often perceived as a woman and the Latvian daiqas, or folk songs, excuses are made for the late arrival of the dawn goddess.
Latvian folk songs are very creative in their excuses for the goddess of the dawn: Where is the Auseklis of the Morning, Whom I did not see rising? Auseklis [is] in Germany; She is sewing velvet skirts. The Lithuanian dawn goddess AuSra is often called AuSrelt (dear dawn), employing the very common Lithuanian diminutive of endearment. She is also called AuSrint a form which utilizes the adjectival suffix; AuSrinis means ‘morning’ and AuSrint Zvaigzdt is the ‘morning star. The Latvian Goddess of Dawn in Baltic myth, was the Mother of Mēness The Moon God.
The moon was either married to Saule, the Sun Goddess, or her daughter, Saules Meita. In another folk song, Saule has given her daughter to Ausekis’ son. The Slavic Goddess of the Dawn, Zarya is not linguistically cognate with her Baltic sisters. The moon god, according to Gimbutas, was unstable; not only did he fall in love with the daughters of the sun, in Latvian myth, he also married Saule herself and fell in love with Ausrine as well.”
Perhaps the most curious of the Kolyadki is a Carpathian song in which we find the following description:
Once there was neither heaven nor earth,
Heaven nor earth, but only blue sea, and
in the midst of the sea there were two oaks,
There sat there, two birds,
Two birds on the two oaks,
and they began to take
counsel among themselves,
to take counsel and to say…
“How can we create the world?”
Let us go to the bottom of the sea,
Let us bring thence fine sand,
Fine sand and blue stone.
We will sow the fine sand,
We will breathe on the blue stone.
From the fine sand the black earth,
the cool waters, the green grass.
From the blue stone the blue heavens,
the blue heavens, the bright sun,
the bright sun, and the clear moon,
The clear moon and all the stars.
~ Afanasief, Poeticheskya Vezzyeniya Slavan
We find a similar motif of Aurora in the primitive Sardinia, Italian language that Aurora, which is equivalent to Greek Ἕως, the rosy-fingered goddess, is no coincidence the Romans made it the hypostasis of gold (aurum > Aurora) for the splendor with which it appears. But aurum > Aurora was only a paronomasia, as the Latins had lost its oldest meaning, which turns out even in the Sumerian language, from a’u ‘one who drags ships, boats’ + ru ‘structure ‘+ ra ‘sun, splendor of the sun’: A’u-ru-ra which means:
‘She who pulls the boat of the Sun’ or life giving sun of the waking human life. Ἕως has the same origin, by Sumerian e ‘take out’ + u ‘sleep’, meaning ‘(the one who) brings out of sleep (the Sun)’.
Aurora is a Sun Goddess, but when the patriarch began to change all mythology into their new mythology she became the wife or consort and the male ended up in a higher status as the all life giving Sun God and from him all the gods rose, like Helios, Apollo, Mars, etc. The Aurora or Auseklis – The Midnight Sun, Goddess of the Dawn has magical meaning in Latvian folklore and it means you understand the secrets of magical nature, the magical self in relationship to nature.
If your bed sheets are covered with this symbols then bed sheet protect though the symbol the dreamer from any shadow or evil wandering souls in the vicinity. The symbol is also associated with ancient medicine, the straight or turned cross style.
Latvian Auseklis at her root, is a Celestial Goddess, collective rather than personal goddess or woman self-hood, and she and her symbol has much power, but like any ancient symbol, you do not get its power, you must match its power within your life and that is a long and painful journey. No symbol is power given, it must be completely earned and most times its given power by peoples shadow (their need for attention, jester or magic tricks for attention, the ego, false strength of the warrior etc).
These are all superficial and not in harmony with the feminine and goddess from which they were birthed. The symbol represents the complex eight-sided star, which must be drawn in one continuous line without lifting your hand to receive the benefit of his blessings.
Simplest form of star is simple cross which symbolizes as elements, the Fire and the Light which are basically the same thing, called Spirit. Pagan Latvians believes that magical rituals can be performed with this symbol and it often has a great meaning to those who use it in a sacred way
During late paganism eras (after the 8th-10th century), with the influences of Christian and Catholic Religions, the Midnight Star has been called Koliada in Ukraine and other Slavic and Balkan pagan winter traditions, which is most important as ancient winter ceremonies and celebrations and then later into Christmas and Christian Religions. The Midnight Sun (star) as a simple art image today, in the basic Christmas ritual.
The main attribute of Christmas and the Mysteries of Kolyadky is since ancient times, as it was pagan octagonal star, called by the ancestors as Sura (from al-atar “white or heat-combustible”) in Ukraine. Star-Sura is a Ukrainian eight pointed star which represents the eight major cycles of nature within the four seasons. Its characteristics are within folk ornamentation, especially the Hutsul.
Overall, this symbol is found in every area of folk art in Ukrainian pysanky, Ukrainian embroidery, folk carving, etc.Esoteric, Sura is oktahramu: projection diamond (heavenly light) to the square (the material world) and their mutual peresikannya. It connects all corners of the world and marks the absolute balance, harmony and balance, making a powerful healing effect.
The very high star attached to a pole firmly and rays swirled around the axis using the power and extended in lace from him. On one side of the star depicting the human face or the sun, the second kolyadky scene. Inside sometimes inserted a candle, creating a sort of “magic lantern”. In making this week the stars came from the time because their produce in advance.
Belarus: Каляда, Kalada, Kalyada
Bosnia, Croatia, Czech, Slovak, Slovene: Koledsa
Bulgaria, Macedonia, Serbia: Коледа, Коледе
Kashubia: Kòlãda
Latvia: Auseklis
Lithuania: Kalėdos, Kalėda
Poland: Kolęda, Kolędowanie
Old Polish: Kolenda
Old Church Slavonic: Колѧда
Romania: Kolinda
Russia: Коляда, Kolyada
Ukraine: Коляда, KolyadáTo understand any spiritual teaching of earth at its root, one must walk backwards into the past and prehistory of self, not the present or knowledge and definitely not forward or the future. To understand ancient cultures rituals before grandfather, we must go inward, inside to our emotional body and soul bodies gifts:
1. Visions and Out of Bodies, 2. Singing or Creativity and 3. Ancient ritual art. One question is: “Were the origins of the Winter Solstice Ceremonies Dances or Songs or both” Koleda is always celebrated with carolers, but the root of the term “Carol” actually refers to “dancing” rather than its common connotation regarding song or singing. In Old French, “carole” is translated to “dance.”
Similarly, in both Latin (choraula) and Greek (choraules) the root of the term means “to dance with the accompaniment of flute”. Thus caroling can actually be traced to more archaic traditions of solstice ritual dance much like kukeri, the bear dances or mummer’s purification dances (in some purer villages) in its shamanic roots.
In Pre-Christian eras, Northern Europeans and Eastern Europeans would travel in order to join together to sing and dance in honor of the sacredness of the Winter Solstice. Although after the 13th century most carols centered around religion or pagan celebrations. These dances were directly birthed from the sacred shamanic dances of women that occurred during the winter moons of the time of peace when the oceans became calm and they were joined in dreaming by all their shaman and sacred sisters around the earth, called dream incubation of the cave eras.
Before wars descended upon the earth, men also had their essential roles and parts in the great rituals of the tribe and clans. Their rites (like most cultures) are historically viewed as war dances, but in actuality there was no war-based intentions in their origins, that was propaganda, a myth projected as real when they were just dances.
The ancient tradition to bring it forth into our personal lives is the acts of creating art, be it dance, singing, natural art such as talisman (to be worn) and amulets (to be placed or hung) or longer period of a living art like Marzanna effigies. As the Christian stories of the “Son of God” swallowed us whole as women, or Muslim and Jewish Religions, they gained cultural momentum, and their symbols and symbolism began to tell men’s stories imprinted on women, maidens and grandmothers. That is fine for the smaller minded or hearted souls, but for the wise winds of the older souls it was never enough, what was sacrificed of our story is the biggest crimes of earth.
As we regain some personal balance with mother earth, we often found on these amulets and talismans lost in their reference to the fertility of woman that did not have anything to do with a child or christ child or virgin, of both the Fire Goddess of the summer solstice and her twin mirror the Night Goddesses of the winter solstice and her heavenly fertility.
Although the original meaning of the Midnight Sun was displaced, the symbol remains present in Slavic celebrations due to tendency of Slavs and Balkans to bring their own traditions into Christianity rather than lose them. As religion became the leading influence of commerce for artisans, traditional craftsmen and women were given work to change these ancient symbols and adapt them to support both the new power of religion and male power in general. The work of these artisans combined with the domination of written pagan-god culture is what ultimately transformed the meaning of these shamanic symbols.
The verb ‘koliadovat’ means to go from door to door, singing ritual songs, asking for sweets and the pagan aspects of wearing animal masks. Koliada is the time between Korochun (the Winter Solstice) and the first week of January.
Lighted fires and candles are to light the darkest time of the year which was to echo the ancient pagan custom of banging the sparks from the burning Budnik ritual log, that is lit up at Koliada, much like the English Yule log. Sviatky in Russia is equivalent to yuletide and is celebrated in January where all the young girls and women in the family would practice folk divination, which is mostly melted wax into a water bowl.
Koliada in its older traditions is the name of a cycle of winter rituals that aligns with the new moon stemming from the ancient Calendae. The modern term of children and caroler’s singing is called kolyadovannya in Ukrainian and is now applied to similar Old East Slavic celebrations. In Bulgarian and Macedonian traditions of koleduvane (коледуване) or koledarenje (коледарење) which are also around Christmas and the Kolyadka (songs) are sung as well.
Koleda is also celebrated across northern Greece by the Slavs of Macedonia in Florina to Thessaloniki which is called Koleda (Κόλιντα, Κόλιαντα) and Koleda Babo (Κόλιντα Μπάμπω) which means “Koleda Grandmother” in Slavic and this directly ties Koleda (Winter Solstice) to the Winter Goddess Marzana making it the most archaic Koleda. This is a ritual of gathering in the village square and lighting a bonfire, followed by local Macedonian dancing. There is also a dance from Dubrovnik called “The Dubrovnik Koleda.”
Wigilia is the traditional Polish Christmas eve celebrations and sometimes called “gwiazdory” which is reference to the “Star” carriers. Before the 11th century they were all pagan celebrations and rituals and the oral traditions which were passed down for millenniums for generation to generation were lost and all we have left is a very small narrow culture of religious songs that lack the mystery. Poland’s Koledy, like other Slavic countries still bright Star along with the singers and folk musician spreadng seasonal good wishes.
Hieroglyphs, Petroglyphs, Cave Drawings, Ancient and Contemporary Art, Esoteric, Divination and even major business logo’s all draw from nature-based symbols (images of artists and dreamers) and contain a root language of our past and our souls journey. Traditional oral stories can be traced to these sources of images throughout history and prehistory and their original meanings can be understood when one recognizes symbolic language as their “first language.”
Symbolism as a tool, has been birthed forth from sacred dreamers, shamans and artists since the dreamers societies and this continues today in a less elaborate and less powerful and less meaningful shamanic ceremony. But at least fragments still exist and can be built upon for the future.
The Sun Goddess (in both Balkan and Slavic cultures) has a far more ancient symbolic meaning, than what is used in today’s rituals of the recent pagan past. In the past several thousand years her symbol evolved to be regarded as a “star” and this is a relatively recent concept. Prior to the evolution of astronomy, astrology, science and religion, the eight pointed star (associated with the Sun Goddess and Goddesses like Ishtar, Tanit and some older archaic goddesses) it represented the Midnight Sun of the Winter Solstice here on earth, not in the sky and that is the most important of all.
This star can be seen in the symbolism of folk ritual, folk art, rich textiles, pysanky eggs and sacred art of both the Slavs and the Balkan people. One later example is the early Medieval Slavic Moravia Magna (Moravian Empire) and it’s 8 pointed Vesna symbol which looks like a “flower”. Vesna is the Goddess of life, beauty, love and the spring and associated with the Goddess Lada.
Because the earth was woman’s only focus prior to men’s teachings (paganism and religion) the symbols and images belonging to woman’s prehistory were actually quite different and in many ways an opposition of what we have today in the meanings of symbols. If we release the associations created through these dominant teachings of the Sun Cults (which began to around 2,200 bce) we can begin to see the symbols come alive and express a more healing and magical meaning, which came forth from women weaving connectedness to the immediate surroundings and to accepting the dark winters without rushing to bring any light forth ahead of spring. In these ways we were accepting of the dark night and the time of silence. We were accepting to go inward and enter the night forest of mother earth and to heal the deepest during this time.
If we look at the Rozhy as a sacred symbol, which emerged from ancient earth-focused artists (who were generally the healers and enactors of rituals and leadership) we can see that the eight-pointed Ruzha (ружа) is not a “star” but a “flower”. The Rozhy (mallow flowers) are so often similar to the eight-pointed star motif that during the shift from feminine to masculine-dominated teachings to see everything linear, the flower took on the connotation of the solar god and began to be regarded as a representation of the sun itself.
Today this symbol still represents the feminine, and woman’s sensitivities of the beauty of nurturing, and symbolizes love and caring for others. The Sun Goddess’s symbol, which retains both the meaning of the “Sun” and “Flower” allows us to trace its origin to the archaic symbol of the “Fire Flower.”
One of the most beautiful symbols of the Winter Solstice (which remains passed down from a direct lineages of the Matriarchal structures) is the 8 pointed Midnight Sun (or Fire Flower) that is carried atop a ritual staff by Ukrainian carolers at Christmas. Long ago shamanic ritual and Fire Dances would have accompanied these singers in their solstice celebration. The names of the Mallow flower (which is representative of the Fire Flower) in various Slavic and Balkan countries are:
Bulgarian: Горски слез (Gorski slez)
Czech: Sléz lesní
Croatian: Sljez crni, Sljez divlji
Estonian: Mets-kassinaeris
Georgian: ბალბა (Balba)
Macedonian: црн слез
Polish: Ślaz dziki
Romanian: Nalba de culturä, nalba de padure
Serbian: Crni slez
Slovak: Slez lesný
Slovene: Gozdni slezenovec
Ukrainian: Мальва лісова
In China, the mallow flower is called the “power of magic” for its abilities to ward off shadows and shadow-natured humans who walk between the worlds (this world and across the veil into the dream worlds which are all on earth). A similar reference is found in Polish mythology which mentions Fire Flowers in much of their folklore. The ritual of the Vesta is a distinct Fire Flower rite and is a shamanic ritual in origin. The rite of the Fire Flower wasn’t a game or a celebration, but a real shamanic initiation which could last five to twenty years.
In today’s pagan ritual its said that to find the Fire Flower the seeker must enter a forest before midnight on the Eve of Kupala of the Summer Solstice. Blooming precisely at midnight, the brightness of the flower is so brilliant that no person can look at it directly. The reference of both “Flower” and “Midnight” in these stories also connect to the observance of the solstices.
For this powerful flower to be harvested, a circle had to be drawn around it. The seeker would encounter demons who would try to distract or prevent him/her from completing this task. It was said that if you answered the voices, or faltered during the task the cost would be your life. Anyone who succeeded in possessing this flower gained the ability to repel all evils. Thus, within the folklore of this Fire Flower lies the symbolism of the spiritual tests of the Shamans from these regions.
Midnight Sun symbolism of the Winter Dark Goddess
The ancients like myself as a shaman recognize and live by these two seasons: Summer and Winter and when one tries to relearn alignment with the celebration of these two seasons of earth, rather than the four we have come to regard as wholeness, one begins to be in rhythm with the rhythms of their emotional body as the earth herself does. These two-halves of the (whole) year are divided into two :
FIRE (spring-summer / solstice) Light half of the year from Spring to Autumn
NIGHT (autumn-winter / solstice) Night half of the year from Autumn to Spring
These two halves of the year are marked by the solstices and correlate with the north and south axis of Earth. These axis are the gates where dreamers, dream walkers, and soul bodied astral traveling shamans and humans exited and entered the mystical veils of earth (not off earth, like the new 4,000 year teachings of star lore wishes you to believe). Once the pyramids were built on earth, these were to disrupt magnetic energy and slowly eradicate your dreaming and this ability through the magnetics of your emotional body and soul.
The demarcation of two halves of the year is one of the main differences between prehistory dreaming rituals and tribes and the rituals that have taken their place in the the past 4,000 years. This resulted in the loss of our connection to our dreamer and night dreams as real and powerful which our astral body crosses back and forth. Woman’s prehistory rites and rituals, link directly to the power of dreaming itself and these celebrations involving the Spring and Autumn Equinox seasons are actually intended for our ordinary and mundane life of the waking world and not for the in-between worlds of the shaman, dreamers or mystics.
Many pagans who observe Halloween and Samhain celebrations would find this odd because (due to the rising power of the men of both Paganism and the Religious Sun cults) much significance has been placed on observing the Equinox and Religions over-took the Solstices and changed them to the mundane world. Nonetheless, the Spring and Autumn Equinox celebrations are important and mark significant turning points in the year, but not the spiritual in-between the worlds’ year.
Another important facet of the Midnight Sun (or reverse sun sometimes called the second sun (core magma of the earth’s center) is its role as symbol of the feminine power of the internal fire and nature’s core of fire. Connected with the archaic Goddess figures of Marzanna and even how she rolled into the Black Madonna, this symbol can be traced back to the lineages of the shaman or cave grandmothers era’s of earth.
The Midnight Sun or Central Sun as some new age groups call it, it is the fire in the belly of the Mother Earth (which is fire). One of the ways to reconnect to the root of Woman’s prehistoric teachings (which have been both lost, destroyed and corrupted) is to reclaim a path of the Powerful Self which is our inner Fire. To do this requires both a healing journey, and a purification process involving working towards the unification of both perception (emotion / souls) and perspective (mind / beliefs) when living our mundane and creative life.
Like most cultures, celebrations which contain vestiges of the original Solstice rituals have changed. Many of the Singing Carolers of Ukraine carry images and amulets of the Svarha (сварга) or Swastika during the Winter Solstice. But before pagan eras, this symbol denoted the movement of Ursa Major across the heavens and the four seasons in symbol form were the four spinning arms of transformation. As Pagan and then the Sun Cults (religions) came into power the symbol began to represent the Sun’s travel across the sky. In Slavic culture this symbol represented the Midnight Sun of the Dark Goddess (like Marzanna) of the winter and would then in later eras symbolized Dazhboh, a benevolent Sun God, in the Summer.
When i look at modern pagans today of both Slavic and Balkan countries, I see a lot of war loving viking imagery and associations and male dominance in the leadership, I see the same in men’s religions. If women are to heal themselves and work with their soul, they must begin to find a way to incorporate the more personal meanings of the moon, the sun, nature and personal ritual that weaves them together, both with intentions of health and letting go of what no longer serves their spiritual paths.
When the complex multi-spoke designs of the “Star” of Christmas became popularized, the rites of the women and grandmothers were eventually conferred to rituals enacted by children. By the 17th century the star lost most of its reference to its previous symbolic meaning and women were no longer allowed to participate in many of the solstice traditions.
The creation of amulets or star symbols, once used in the shamanic rites of women to protect their villages from shadows, were ultimately demoted to a child’s craft activity of Christmas folk art at local museums or schools. But this will change as more and more Slavic pagans return to their origins peacefully again.
All photos and images belong to their rightful owners and shared for women’s dreaming educational purposes only. Afghan embroidery handiwork which is very close to Ukrainian ornamental. Alatyr is a hekatompedon slavic symbol of fertility and the Goddess Rhoda’s symbol connected to the “living stone”.
Sources: Fire Потерчата, 1963, Polish traditional stars, The coloring in Ukrainian by Puzyrna Galyna; Ukraine Illustrator Vera Pavlova; Illustration by Nadia Starovoitova; Verteps parade in Lviv, Ukraine; https://sasartiglia.com, via http://www.urbanetka.com.
alatarsymbolalytarAuseklismidnightsunslavicsymbolism
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Ingrid Fiskum says:
Thank you for once again presenting such an interesting and informative article. The star-pattern is also an traditional pattern in Norwegian knitting, on mittens, socks and pullovers. Probably because it make a thick fabric, resistent to water and cold in winter. But also because it’s an old pattern that granny’s teach when we learn to knit our first mittens. 😊
I agree Ingrid, I know the symbol is in Skandinavien cultures and used in all folk art and I love those too~!
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Elder Mountain Artist Residency says:
Nobody needs to defend the earth. The earth, she goes through four seasons, winter, summer, spring and autumn and each season is 300,000 years long. During the changes from one season to another, its natural that the ice melts. Ice ages and melting of ice ages happens naturally over and over through the millions and millions of years. Humans just like to worry. Heal your worry.
Julia Newton says:
My grandmother’s family emigrated to America from near Lviv in 1922. I grew up immersed in Ukrainian traditions, but the emphasis was always on Catholic faith. Over the past few years I have delved into the rich history of my ancestors, all the way back to Trypillian cultures. As an artist, it has been deeply meaningful to me to continue ancient traditions like pysanky, embroidery, and cultural foods. Through the Web I have been able to discover other traditions like Kupala, Dziady, montakas, folklore, and now these beautiful stars. Thank you for the incredible gift– restoring my heritage to me. I will continue my journey by learning, making, and reflecting on my many generations of ancestors. Slava!
Beautiful! Slava Yulia … thanks for sharing… my family is polish but my ancestors who lived in southern poland were actually Ukrainian because that land was ukraine (and poland now after the early 1700s)… so i am half ukraine and half polish by ancestors and family, but in my heart i love all cultural traditions of eastern europe and balkan peoples!
Helena Wolkonowski says:
Back in the day, when I was young, we all participated in the Ukrainian tradition of Koliada (коляда ) It was one of the time honored festivities that was brought to America from the “old country”. Sadly, here in Rochester, NY it’s quickly disappearing for several reasons. Death of our Elders, Many moving out of the area and also a disinterest among the young. I remember my mother talking about what they did in their village during the festivities. Unfortunately with the beginning of WW2, so many of these traditions were obliterated. Even with research today, it’s difficult to find any information on pagan, pre-pagan folklore.. Interestingly, I was able to pick up tidbits here and there but never from the church’s holier than thou people , lol. So I thank you for sharing.
Thanks Helena I appreciate your share. Yes most must come back as women who are called to lead circle – reintegrate it in our work! I do, i am sure many are starting to again. War has always been to destroy the feminine and control the feminine (resources) but this is about to change as the era of the dictators is completed and karma begins to rise for those leaders who try to repeat old behaviors of military bullying.
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On 75th birthday, elderly lady donates Rs 3.5 lakh to build a house for poor family
Her compassionate act helped Poothankara native Rema and her daughter who is a class 8 student to have a safe house. Rema’s husband had passed away and she and her daughter were living in a single room shed.
Jul 19, 2019, 11:57 AM IST
Akkamma Mathew hand over house keys in the presence of Dr. M. S. Sunil
Pathanamthitta: Adoor native Akkamma Mathew would never be able to forget her 75th birthday as she could help arrange a safe shelter for a helpless family on that day. Her compassionate act helped Poothankara native Rema and her daughter, who is a class 8 student, to have a safe house.
Rema’s husband passed away and she and her daughter were living in a single room shed. Akkamma donated Rs 3.5 lakh to build a house for the family. For the purpose, she informed social activist Dr. M. S. Sunil that she wanted to build a house for a poor family in memory of her late husband.
Thus Sunil told Akkamma about the pathetic life of Rema. The house has two bedrooms, kitchen and bathroom. This is the 142nd house built under the leadership of Dr. M. S. Sunil. Akkamma Mathew, M. S. Sunil, ward member Rema Suresh and others were present at the function of handing over the house to Rema and daughter.
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Ascorbic Acid (Vitamin C)
Vitamin C, also known as ascorbic acid in its metabolically active form, is one of the safest and most effective nutrients. Vitamins C is necessary for the growth, development and repair of all body tissues and it is involved in many body functions, including formation of collagen, absorption of iron, the immune system, wound healing, and the maintenance of cartilage, bones, and teeth.
Vitamin C is also probably best known as a super-antioxidant. Antioxidants are molecules that help keep chemical reactions in our body in check. In particular, antioxidants help prevent the formation and activity of free radical molecules, which can do damage to our cells and tissue and contribute to the development of health conditions such as cancer, heart disease and arthritis. The build up of free radical with time is also largely responsible for the ageing process.
Areas of use: General wellbeing, Immune support, Anti-Ageing, Stress and Mood, Wound Healing
Present in: IV Anti-Aging Drip, IV Athlete Sport Drip, IV Diet & Detox Drip, IV Energy Boost Drip, IV Immunity Drip, IV Relaxation Drip,IV Ultimate Classic Drip
There are eight B vitamins — B1, B2, B3, B5, B6, B7, B9, B12 which all play an important role in keeping our bodies running like well-oiled machines. All B vitamins help the body to convert food (carbohydrates) into fuel (glucose), which is "burned" to produce energy. These B vitamins, often referred to as B complex vitamins, also help the body metabolize fats and protein. B complex vitamins are necessary for healthy skin, hair, eyes, and liver. They also help the nervous system function properly.
While many of the following vitamins work in tandem, each has its own specific benefits — from promoting healthy skin and hair to preventing memory loss or migraines.
Present in: IV Anti-Aging Drip, IV Athlete Sport Drip, IV Diet & Detox Drip, IV Energy Boost Drip, IV Immunity Drip, IV Relaxation Drip, IV Ultimate Classic Drip
Dexpanthenol (Vitamin B5)
Like other B vitamins, Vitamin B5 helps the body extract energy from carbohydrates, fats, and proteins. It is also responsible for the production of sex and stress-related hormones in the adrenal glands, which is why it is often referred to as the "anti-stress" vitamin, as it appears to affect all organs' ability to handle stressors, both emotional and physical.
Vitamin B5 is also important in maintaining a healthy digestive tract and maintaining good health. Research suggests that Vitamins B5 may also be useful in treating rheumatoid arthritis and lowering blood cholesterol and triglyceride levels.
Pyridoxine (Vitamin B6)
Like other B vitamins, Vitamin B6 helps the body extract energy from carbohydrates, fats, and proteins. Vitamin B6 is also a major player in mood and sleep patterns because it helps the body produce neurotransmitters such as serotonin for for maintaining mood balance, melatonin to regulate the body clock and noradrenaline, a stress hormone.
Vitamins B6, along with vitamins B12 and B9 (folic acid) helps control blood levels of homocysteine - an amino acid that may be associated with heart disease and you body needs B6 in order to absorb vitamin B12 and to make red blood cells and cells of the immune system.
GLUTATHIONE is the most important molecule you need to stay healthy and prevent ageing - it is the mother of all antioxidants.
The good news is that your body produces its own glutathione. The bad news is that poor diet, pollution, toxins, medications, stress, ageing, and radiation all deplete your glutathione.
Glutathione benefits are far ranging for the human body and can include:
improved energy
improved recovery from physical activity
imporved skin conditioning including whitening and flawless skin
support for the immune system
cellular detoxification
disease protection
circulatory support
This leaves you susceptible to unrestrained cell disintegration from oxidative stress, free radicals, infections and cancer. And your liver gets overloaded and damaged, making it unable to do its job of detoxification.
Present in: IV Anti-Aging Drip, IV Diet & Detox Drip, IV Immunity Drip, IV Relaxation, IV Ultimate Classic
Selenium is an essential mineral and micronutrient. Selenium is incorporated into proteins to make selenoproteins, which are important constituents of a number of enzymes with a range of functions including antioxidant function, thyroid hormone metabolism, male fertility and immune mechanisms.
Selenium is fundamental to human health however a decline in blood selenium levels in the UK and other European countries has raised concern about possible public health implications, particularly in relation to the incidence of some diseases, including some cancers and cardiovascular disease.
Present in: IV Anti-Aging Drip, IV Diet & Detox Drip, IV Immunity Drip, IV Relaxation Drip, IV Ultimate Classic Drip
Zinc is an essential trace mineral. Every cell in the body needs this nutrient and hundreds of body processes rely on it, from the immune system to the regulation of blood sugar and it even helps your body read genetic information.
Although the body does not produce zinc on its own, this mineral is available in drinking water and foods. Even so, many people fail to get enough of this mineral from their diet, and this is particularly true for elderly individuals and vegetarians.
There's now evidence that supplements may also be useful in providing the extra zinc needed to fight cold and flu symptoms. In addition, zinc has shown promise for speeding the healing of sore throats, promoting recovery from skin injuries, reducing tinnitus (ringing in the ears), and controlling acne and eye problems.
Present in: IV Anti-Aging Drip, IV Diet & Detox Drip, IV Immunity Drip, IV Relaxation Drip
Our IV Nutrition Therapy Ingredients Alanine Arginine Arginine, or L-arginine as it is called plays a role in several important mechanisms in the body, including cell division, wound healing, removal of ammonia from the body, immunity to illness, and the secretion of important hormones. The body also uses arginine to make nitric oxide (NO), a substance that relaxes blood vessels and also exerts numerous other effects in the body..with its L-structure, is a semi-essential amino acid. Arginine is involved in many metabolic processes and important in the treatment of heart diseases and high blood pressure. Arginine improves the circulation, strengthens the immune system and has a positive influence on male libido.
1 research suggests that the amino acid accelerates the rate of the healing of wounds
2 improves the burning of excess fat
3 and can be used in weight-reducing diets.
Its role in decreasing cholesterol levels can be ascribed to its function as a biological precursor of nitric oxide (NO). L-arginine is converted in the body into a chemical called nitric oxide. Nitric oxide causes blood vessels to open wider for improved blood flow. L-arginine also stimulates the release of growth hormone, insulin, and other substances in the body.
Arginine is an amino acid found in many foods, including dairy products, meat, poultry, and fish. Based on this, arginine has been proposed as a treatment for various cardiovascular diseases, including congestive heart failure and intermittent claudication, as well as impotence, female sexual dysfunction, interstitial cystitis, and many other conditions. Arginine's potential effects on immunity have also created an interest in using it as part of an "immune cocktail" given to severely ill hospitalised patients and also for preventing colds.
Present in: IV Anti-Aging Drip, IV Athlete / Sport Drop, IV Diet & Detox Drip, IV Immunity Drip
Carnitine (L-Carnitine) is an essential, non-toxic, naturally occurring nutrient whose main function is the transfer of fat to energy. Carnitine is familiarly know as a "fat-burner" due to its essential role in transporting fatty acids into mitochondria (the furnace of the cells) where they are burned to release energy.
Carnitine is also responsible for muscle contraction, regulation of protein balance and the maintenance of a healthy heart and research has shown that carnitine supplementation boosts recovery after exercise, decreases exercise-induced muscle damage, decreases muscle soreness, increases antioxidant effects and improves vascular function.
Areas of use: Fat-burning, Recovery Boosting, Anti-ageing, Cholesterol, Diabetes, Sleep, Mood, Menopause, Virility and Libido.
Present in: IV Anti-Aging Drip, IV Athlete Sport Drip, IV Diet & Detox Drip, IV Energy Boost Drip, IV Immunity Drip, IV Relaxation Drip
Like alanine, cysteine works as a detoxifier in the body, but also performs as an antioxidant, combating free-radicals.
It also strengthens stomach lining and is essential to healthy hair, skin and nails.
Present in: IV Anti-Aging Drip, IV Immunity Drip, IV Relaxation Drip
Glutamine is the most abundant amino acid (building block of protein) in the body. The demand for glutamine increases with physical and mental stress and production of this important amino acid, which takes place in the body, often slows down with age and does not generate sufficient amounts. External supplementation is recommended in such cases.
Glutamine is involved in many metabolic processes; it stabilises the immune system, strengthens the intestinal cells and helps against stress, depression and anxiety. In addition, Glutamine is referred to as the “internal fountain of youth” because glutamine is important for firm and supple skin. If not enough glutamine is available; the body takes the necessary protein from muscle mass and converts it to glutamine and energy. This leads to muscle proteins being lost, muscle strands becoming thinner and the skin becoming lax.
Present in: IV Anti-Aging Drip, IV Athlete Sport Drip, IV Diet & Detox Drip, IV Energy Boost Drip, IV Immunity Drip
Details of this Amino Acid coming soon...
Details of this Amino Acids coming soon...
Like glutamine, Taurine is a free amino acid that travels through the bloodstream and is also a detoxifier and digestion aid. It has also been shown to improve brain function and athletic performance.
Present in: IV Athlete / Sport Drip, IV Diet & Detox Drip, IV Energy Boost, IV Relaxation Drip
Super Nutrient Protocol
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Story Catcher
Evergreen Story, Inc. ("us", "we", or "our") operates the Evergreen Story mobile application (hereinafter referred to as the "Service").This page informs you of our policies regarding the collection, use and disclosure of personal data when you use our Service and the choices you have associated with that data.We use your data to provide and improve the Service. By using the Service, you agree to the collection and use of information in accordance with this policy. Unless otherwise defined in this Privacy Policy, the terms used in this Privacy Policy have the same meanings as in our Terms and Conditions.
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Samantha Bee analyzes Donald Trump's potential cabinet picks
By Christian Holub
November 15, 2016 at 04:49 PM EST
Almost a week after former The Apprentice host Donald Trump officially won the presidency, the Republican president-elect’s potential cabinet is beginning to take shape. On Monday night’s episode of Full Frontal, Samantha Bee went through the rumored picks one by one.
First up was Steve Bannon, the Trump campaign chairman now set to become President Trump’s chief strategist. Mainstream media publications like the New York Times are struggling about whether to refer to Bannon as “controversial” or a straight-up anti-Semite and white nationalist, but Bee’s way ahead of them, having dedicated an entire segment to the Trump campaign’s alt-right connections earlier this month.
“We tried to warn you,” Bee said. “We made our poor staff artist draw a million Pepe’s. He didn’t go to art school for this! He went to art school to get back at his parents.”
Bee noted that some of the more ridiculous names being floated for top positions are probably meant as a distraction so people react more calmly to less obviously poor picks (for instance, Sarah Palin for Secretary of the Interior might be a smokescreen for Forrest Lucas, an oil-industry executive who hates animals). Trump’s EPA pick, Myron Ebell, is not very famous but nevertheless thinks global warming is good because “most people prefer less severe winters.” But whether or not Trump’s former political rival Ben Carson actually ends up with a cabinet position, Bee thinks we should agree to change the common definition of “brain surgeon.”
“Good news, rocket scientists! America will no longer be using brain surgeon as a euphemism for smart,” Bee said. “From now on, when we say someone’s ‘a real brain surgeon,’ it means ‘semi-conscious mouthbreather who’s only in the public eye because Republicans think liberals care only about identity politics and will be happy with any Rapture-awaiting zombie who kind of looks like them.'”
Watch the clips below.
By Christian Holub @cmholub
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Telstra Exchange > Tech and Innovation > Entertainment > Say goodbye to lock-in contracts with our flexible new Home Broadband plans
Say goodbye to lock-in contracts with our flexible new Home Broadband plans
by Michael Ackland
Group Executive, Consumer & Small Business - Telstra
We’re making our new Home Broadband plans easier to understand and more flexible for you.
From February 26, we’ll be offering our customers two new Home Broadband plan options, which have been designed to give you a choice of speeds and included data, and you can switch between them once per month if your household needs change:
Essential Internet Plan for $70/mth with 100GB of data and nbn25 (Standard Evening Speed, 20Mbps typical minimum speed between 7-11pm on the nbn network) (Min cost $385 if you stay for 1 month including $99 connection charge and $216 modem)
Unlimited Internet Plan for $90/mth with unlimited data and nbn50 (Standard Plus Evening Speed, 40Mbps typical minimum speed between 7-11pm on the nbn network) (Min cost $405 if you stay for 1 month including $99 connection charge and $216 modem).
Both plans include unlimited calls to standard local, national and Australian mobile numbers, as well as an allowance to make 500 calls to 13 numbers every month. Our newest Telstra Smart Modem™ Gen 2 with voice and data backup over 4G is included for new Telstra nbn customers that stay connected for 24 months – you simply need to pay out the remaining cost of your modem if you leave within 24 months of connecting.
You can then add on personalised services to your Home Broadband plan – like Foxtel Now (from $25/mth) or Kayo (from $25/mth), or a range of accessories and devices like Telstra Smart Wi-Fi™ Boosters (for $5/mth over 24 months, min cost $120).
We’re launching these new plans alongside our improved Telstra TV, too, which you can add to your Home Broadband for just $9/mth over 24 months (min cost $216).
We’ve learned a lot about how our Home Broadband customers use their services over our long history of providing connectivity to Australian homes. For example, on average households with Telstra Home Broadband use just over 200GB of data every month – and this number is on the rise too, up 10 per cent from just three months ago. We know your appetite for data is increasing, and we’ve redesigned our plans to suit your needs.
Here’s another fact we’ve learned: New South Wales uses the most data per household on average overall of any state or territory, but interestingly it’s Queenslanders in the suburb of Upper Coomera on the Gold Coast that consume the most data per household of any postcode – with a whopping 400GB used per month on average! Households in Roxburgh Park in Victoria, South Hedland in Western Australia and Andrews Farm in South Australia aren’t far behind, though, all using over 370GB per month on average.
We’re excited to give our customers more flexibility by simplifying our new Home Broadband plans, and we look forward to giving you the opportunity to add-on the extras you want, when you want them, with the convenience of a single bill.
nbn:nbn speeds not available on nbn Fixed Wireless. An nbn service can never go faster than the maximum line speed available at your premises. Speeds vary due to in-premise set-up and wiring. Find out more about speeds on the nbn network with Telstra.
Telstra TV®: You need a compatible TV with an HDMI port. A minimum internet speed of 3.5Mbps is recommended. Antenna required to access free-to-air channels in your area. Subscription and data charges apply. A $9.95 delivery fee may apply.
Calls: National calls to standard fixed line numbers excludes some usage such as calls to premium numbers (e.g. 19xx numbers) and 1300 numbers.
Plan changes: Customers can change to another plan within their plan range once a month while the plan range remains available to new Telstra customers. You may be charged ETCs, or a separate monthly charge if you move from a plan that includes an add-on with a contracted minimum term to one that doesn’t. Customers cannot move from an in-market plan to an out-of-market one.
Smart Wi-Fi Boosters: Telstra broadband service and Telstra Wi-Fi Modem required. Maximum of four per account. A $9.95 delivery fee may apply.
Tags: broadband, telstra smart home, Telstra TV,
Michael Ackland
Michael is responsible for all our Consumer & Small Business sales and service channels. He joined Telstra in 2016 as Executive Director of Telstra Country Wide, with responsibility for over 350 retail stores and over 16,000 partners nationally. Michael joined Telstra from GE, where held the role of CEO GE Healthcare, Australia and New Zealand. In his 12 years at GE, Michael held various executive leadership roles across GE’s Australia and New Zealand business, including financial services, corporate and healthcare divisions. Prior to GE, Michael was Principal at The Boston Consulting Group, where he worked for eight years.
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Tanzil Ferdous
Tanzil F. ( Bangladesh ) Emerging Young Leaders Award and Exchange Program United States
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Tanzil Ferdous of Bangladesh, 24, actively works towards youth and community development and women’s rights in Bangladesh, while simultaneously personally challenging traditional gender norms in her country. As the President of Volunteer for Bangladesh, Chittagong in 2015—the largest platform for youth volunteerism in Bangladesh—Tanzil organized numerous successful events for community development, engaging hundreds of youth in volunteerism. She believes that if youth are engaged and motivated to do community service, they will be deterred from extremist activities. Currently, Tanzil is working with the Rohingya refugees in Bangladesh, to help them not become victims of extreme violence. Her work has helped support a safe space for 500 refugee children with the JAAGO Foundation in the Rohingya camps. Tanzil’s mission is to empower adolescent girls and women, to bring them to leadership positions through capacity building and strengthening them to become the leaders of tomorrow.
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10360. Adulteration of ice cream cones and cups. U. S. v. Maryland Baking Co. and Harry S. Hyman. Pleas of guilty. Fine of $750 and costs against each defendant.1
11703. Adulteration of ice cream cones. U. S. v. 48 Cases.1
11704. Adulteration of ice cream cone cups. U. S. v. 25 Cases.1
14705. Adulteration of ice cream cones. U. S. v. 114 Cartons (and 4 other seizure actions).1
Maryland Baking Co.[remove]7
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You searched for: Collections Foods, 1940-1966 Remove constraint Collections: Foods, 1940-1966 Defendants Maryland Baking Co. Remove constraint Defendants: Maryland Baking Co.
1. 4732. Adulteration of ice cream cones. U. S. v. 8 Cartons of Ice Cream Cones (and 3 additional seizure actions against ice cream cones.) Default decrees of condemnation and destruction.
Maryland Baking Co.
2. 11703. Adulteration of ice cream cones. U. S. v. 48 Cases.
3. 11704. Adulteration of ice cream cone cups. U. S. v. 25 Cases.
5. 10360. Adulteration of ice cream cones and cups. U. S. v. Maryland Baking Co. and Harry S. Hyman. Pleas of guilty. Fine of $750 and costs against each defendant.
6. 14705. Adulteration of ice cream cones. U. S. v. 114 Cartons (and 4 other seizure actions).
7. 14758. Alleged Adulteration of ice cream cups and cones. U. S. v. Maryland Baking Co. and Sara Piem. Defendants filed motion for return of samples collected during inspection and for suppression of evidence obtained during such inspection; motion granted. Case dismissed on motion of Government.
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Materials Sciences and Applications
10.4236/msa.2017.81004
On the Alternate Direction Implicit (ADI) Method for Solving Heat Transfer in Composite Stamping
Arthur Levy1, Duc Anh Hoang1,2, Steven Le Corre1
1Laboratoire de Thermique et Energie de Nantes, La Chantrerie, Rue Christian Pauc, Nantes, France
2IRT Jules Verne, Chemin du Chaffault, Bouguenais, France
Received: November 22, 2016; Accepted: January 6, 2017; Published: January 9, 2017
Thermostamping of thermoplastic matrix composites is a process where a preheated blank is rapidly shaped in a cold matching mould. Predictive modelling of the main physical phenomena occurring in this process requires an accurate prediction of the temperature field. In this paper, a numerical method is proposed to simulate this heat transfer. The initial three-dimensional heat equation is handled using an additive decomposition, a thin shell assumption, and an operator splitting strategy. An adapted resolution algorithm is then presented. It results in an alternate direction implicit decomposition: the problem is solved successively as a 2D surface problem and several one- dimensional through thickness problems. The strategy was fully validated versus a 3D calculation on a simple test case and the proposed strategy is shown to enable a tremendous calculation speed up. The limits of applicability of this method are investigated with two parametric studies, one on the thickness to width ratio and the other one on the effect of curvature. These conditions are usually fulfilled in industrial cases. Finally, even though the method was developed under linear assumption (constant material properties), the strategy validity is extended to multiply, temperature dependant (nonlinear) case using an industrial test case. Because of the standard methods involved, the proposed ADI method can readily be implemented in existing software.
Thin Plates, Alternate Direction Implicit, Shell Theory, Operator Splitting, In-Plane Variations
1.1. Context
Thermoplastic composites offer new possibilities for the industry. Large struc- tures can be processed rapidly and more cost-effectively than when thermoset composites are used, since the latter need to undergo lengthy curing reactions. The ability to fuse thermoplastic resins gives new perspectives for forming processes.
The thermostamping process is derived from the metallic materials industry. Forming occurs in two steps. In a first step, a semi-finished thermoplastic flat laminate, called the blank, is heated above the processing temperature of the matrix, usually using infra-red lamps. In the second step, this hot blank is quickly transferred to a cooled mould where it is stamped and given its final shape [1] [2] . The heating and cooling steps are therefore separated. This results in an high production rate that makes this process very attractive for the industry.
Even though metal stamping has been the subject of extensive research work in the past decades (see for instance the review by Karbasian and Tekkaya [3] ), thermostamping of composite materials adds a new level of complexity for two resons. Indeed, the mechanical deformation and heat transfer occurring in the blanks may result in a complex and unexpected behaviour, especially when dealing with textile composite laminates. Nonetheless, accurate modelling and prediction of the main physical phenomena involved are prerequisite for an efficient process optimization.
1.2. Heat Transfer in Composite Stamping
It is well established that the temperature evolution is of major importance in this forming process. Keeping this in mind, de Luca et al. [4] or Cao et al. [5] proposed to take the blank temperature into account in the mechanical predic- tions of thermostamping process. Cao et al. [5] considered only two possible state: a high temperature state before the blank comes in contact with the mould, and a low temperature state after contact occurs. Based on previous work by Pickett et al. [6] , de Luca et al. [4] propose a modelling of the through thickness heat transfer using finite volume but are only able to predict the average tem- perature per ply in the case of a composite laminate. In thermostamping process thought, and especially during the stamping step, because of the thermal shock between the cold mould and the hot blank, high through-thickness temperature gradients may arise. The models by these authors, based on rough approxima- tions of the through thickness temperature profiles, cannot accurately describe these high through-thickness variations.
A finer through thickness temperature distribution description was proposed by Thomann et al. [7] using a finite difference method. Nonetheless they ne- glected the in-plane effects and thus considered only unidirectional through- thickness heat transfer. On the contrary, in real industrial processes, in-plane diffusion and 3D effects cannot be neglected, especially when boundary con- dition sharply evolve (in the vicinity of cavity edges) or in case of curved geome- tries. In the present paper, a fine description of the through thickness tempera- ture profile, in conjunction with the in-plane transfer is proposed.
Furthermore, the proposed model is designed to be easily implemented in any existing industrial code (such as Plasfib [8] , Aniform [9] or PAM-Form [4] ). The heat transfer problem should then be solved within acceptable computational times. With this aim, the full three-dimensional heat transfer problem cannot be solved using standard methods. Instead, a model reduction is necessary.
Considering the composite blank as a thin shell, it is natural to decompose the 3D temperature solution into a shape function and an in-plane temperature. As suggested by Saetta and Rega [10] , it writes
With this decomposition, the accuracy of through thickness description de- pends on the type of shape functions chosen. Within this framework, some authors suggested to construct new 3D shell finite elements that integrate this through thickness heat transfer effects [11] [12] [13] [14] . Nonetheless, using one single shell element in the thickness highly restricts the possible through- thickness temperature profile description. Even with the parabolic shape pre- supposed by Alves Do Carmo and Rocha De Faria [15] or the higher order interpolation proposed by Surana and Abusaleh [13] , sharp profiles that arise in case of the thermal shocks that occur in thermostamping, will not be accurately described.
Adopting a fine through-thickness discretization therefore seems a more flexible approach, though potentially time-consuming. In this idea, Bognet et al. [16] wrote the above decomposition as a sum of separated modes
where the shape functions, themselves, are described with a fine discretization involving hundreds of degrees of freedom. In this framework, Bognet et al. considered a series of multiplicative shape functions, where each mode is the product of an out-of-plane function by an in-plane function. The out-of-plane function is therefore identical for all the points of the shell. Using this in-plane/ out-of-plane separation, a solving strategy using the proper generalized decom- position (PGD) was proposed for the elastic problem on a shell like domain. More recently, the [17] the method has been extended to nonlinear thermal problems. Though possibly efficient in some cases, such a resolution strategy in the environments of existing codes might be challenging. In particular, dealing with space varying boundary conditions and material non-linearity requires complicated developments and a probably a high number of modes.
1.3. Alternate Direction Implicit (ADI) Decomposition
In this paper, starting from a very general approximation framework as given by Equation (1), we propose a reduced numerical scheme, adapted to thin compo- site shells, that preserves the three-dimensional nature of the heat transfer problem but takes advantage of the good physical separation between in-plane and out-of-plane phenomena, even in case of anisotropic thermal properties. The present method is based on an operator splitting technique that enables to simplify a time evolution problem implying several spatial dimensions. The general framework of operator splitting techniques always considers an incre- mental iterative time integration strategy. Over 50 years ago, Douglas [18] and Douglas and Rachford [19] suggested to treat separately, within one time step, the different spatial directions. This led to the so called locally one-dimensional methods [20] or alternate direction implicit (ADI) methods. Then, numerous extension were proposed to reduce the error of the splitting strategy, and to validate the convergence and stability of the schemes, in linear and nonlinear cases [21] [22] [23] [24] .
Following these ideas, the present paper proposes an operator splitting strategy adapted to the composite shell problems to solve the reduced heat trans- fer model. In fine, this results in two separated problems. A solving algorithm and numerical implementation is then proposed. The approach is validated on a flat plate test case, and its limits are determined with parametric studies. The method validity is extended to nonlinear cases with an industrial appli- cation.
2.1. Initial Heat Transfer Problem
2.1.1. Domain
The heat transfer problem is solved in the domain representing a composite laminate blank. It is considered to be an arbitrary curved thin shell, where the local positions are located via a curvilinear parallel coordinate system . A local frame can be attached to each point. Coordinate enables the location of points along the thickness direction, that is to say along , the normal vector to the shell mid-plane (see Figure 1). In this domain the compo- site material is considered to be a continuous medium with effective homogene- ous properties.
2.1.2. Heat Equation
In the considered heat transfer problem, the conduction is assumed to be governed by an anisotropic Fourier law where the local heat flux is written as:
where is the thermal conductivity tensor, the temperature field and the spatial derivative operator. In the present work, it is assumed that the through thickness direction is a principal direction of the thermal conduc- tivity. This is a classical assumption in the case of standard composite laminates [10] [25] . Thus, in the basis, it writes
Figure 1. Shell like domain on which the heat transfer problem is solved. de- notes the out of plane direction and the thickness of the laminate. A typical in-plane dimension is .
being the in-plane thermal conductivity tensor and the through thickness thermal conductivity. Note that this hypothesis fails in the case of complex 3D architectured composites. Defining the in-plane surface gradient , Equation (2) can be separated into a through thickness and an in-plane fluxes:
In the case of a flat shell , the coordinate system is the natural cartesian coordinate system , and . In the more complex case of an arbitrary curved shell , the reader should refer to Appendix for a proper definition of the surface gradient . This demons- tration shows that in the case of a thin shell with small curvature, the operator does not depend on the through thickness position .
Using this separation, without internal heat source in the domain , the energy balance typically writes
being the density of the composite material and its specific heat. Once again, for a flat shell, the surface divergence , but for curved shell, it is defined in Appendix and it is constant through thickness.
2.1.3. Boundary and Initial Conditions
The domain is bounded by the boundaries , and , as defined in Figure 1. For the sake of simplicity, the lateral boundaries are considered insulated:
being the outward normal to each surface. Conversely, in order to accura- tely model temperature history imposed on the upper and lower boundaries and , a mixed boundary condition is assumed:
where (respectively ) is the temperature imposed on the upper (re- spectively lower) boundary and (respectively ) is the heat exchange coefficient. This mixed boundary condition modelling can account for non ideal contact with the mould [11] [12] . In its limit form, it is also suited to model both Dirichlet or Neumann boundary conditions. Note that the development pro- posed hereunder could seemlessly be conducted with any type of boundary conditions (temperature imposed, heat flux, radiating surface...).
The initial temperature field, assumed given, is defined as:
2.2. Alternate Direction Implicit (ADI) Model
This section presents a reduction of the heat transfer problem defined above. The reduced boundary value problem is obtained thanks to an intuitive decom- position of the temperature field and a thin shell assumption. An implementa- tion strategy is then proposed to numerically solve this problem. Here, for the sake of clarity, the heat transfer problem is assumed linear (the material pro- perties , and do not depend on the temperature ). The extension to nonlinear case will be discussed with a test case in Section 3.3.
2.2.1. Additive Decomposition
The first step in the proposed model reduction is to seek the solution of the system of Equations (5) to (8) as a sum of a through thickness averaged field and of a fluctuation field:
where the operator
is the through thickness average, being the local shell thickness. It is obvious that using this additive decomposition, the average field does not depend on the -coordinate whereas the fluctuation field has a zero thickness average. This decomposition is intuitive and does not necessitate any assump- tion. Substituting this decomposition (9) in the heat Equation (5), considering constant material properties, and noting that and the operator do not depend on the -coordinate gives:
Applying the average operator on both hands of this equation leads to
By defining the upper and lower inward boundary fluxes
Equation (12) writes:
which is the average field heat equation. It rules the in-plane mean field tem- perature evolution. Subtracting this mean heat equation from Equation (11) results in the fluctuating heat equation:
which rules the through thickness temperature fluctuation.
Assuming a thin plate for which , the so called aspect ratio for conduc- tion:
and the dimensional analysis safely leads to
Equation (15) then reduces to the fluctuating field heat equation:
Equations (14) and (18) achieve a decomposition of the initial heat Equation (5) in the average and fluctuating contributions. Nonetheless, without further assumptions, these two equations are strongly coupled through the source terms .
Reduced model. Summing Equations (14) and (18), and adding the term , gives
This equation, along with boundary and initial conditions (6), (7) and (8) defines the reduced boundary value problem ( ). In the bulk Equation (19), the first spatial differential operator of the right hand side acts on the average parts of the temperature field only. The solving of this reduced boundary value problem is therefore not straightforward. In the next section, a numerical method is proposed to solve this original model. It will also confirm its well-posedness.
2.2.2. Operator Splitting
Time discretization. The time evolution problem given by Equation (19) is solved in the framework of a standard incremental iterative time integration scheme. At a given time , the solution is supposed to be known. Then, the solution of the reduced boundary value problem defined above is searched at next time step .
Any conventional time integration scheme, such as for example explicit or implicit schemes, can be used to determined in terms of , so that the developments detailed hereunder will easily be implemented in such software environment.
Operator splitting. To solve Equation (19), an operator splitting method is used. This numerical method enables to solve evolution equations that involve a sum of differential operators (see for example [20] ). Adopting the splitting ini- tially suggested by Douglas [18] and later called locally one-dimensional (LOD) method (see for instance [26] and references therein), the two differential opera- tors in the right hand side of Equation (19) are considered separately. Note that in this linear case, the proposed splitting does not introduce additional nu- merical error beside the time integration error [20] . As illustrated in Figure 2, a so-called fractional time step method is adopted, where two problems are solved successively, each one containing one of the operators:
• Step 1: solve the following 1D boundary value problem called ( ) over one full time step
Figure 2. Operator splitting strategy. Instead of solving the full evolution equation on one time step, each differential operator is addressed successively. The initial condition of the second step is the field obtained at the end of the first step.
gives the intermediate result at the end of the time step .
• Step 2: solve the 2D boundary value problem over one full time step
where the initial condition is the value of the field computed in step 1. The solution of this second step at the end of the time step ( ) is identified to .
Whereas the system ( ) defined in step 1 is a well posed unidimensional partial differential equation, it is somewhat disturbing that both and appear in the problem (21) defined in step 2.
ADI model. To ensure the well-posedness of this step 2, the additive decom- position (9) is again substituted in system (21). Applying the average operator gives the in-plane boundary value problem ( )
Finally, subtracting (22) from (21) results in
which admits the trivial constant solution:
Therefore, the fluctuating part of this second step is simply the fluctuating part of computed in the first step. In other terms, this second step does not introduce any additional out-of-plane fluctuation to the solution.
2.3. Numerical Algorithm
To ensure spatial numerical integration of this problems, a spatial discretization has to be adopted. Within the defined shell like domain a natural extruded discretization is assumed. Thus, and without loss of generality, for each in-plane discrete position amongst nodes, there is out of plane nodes. The dimension of the 3D discretized field is then .
Resolution scheme.
Following the above additive decomposition and operator splitting strategy,
In this sum,
• is obtained by solving the fluctuation 1D boundary value problem ( ) (Equation (20)). This problem is parametrized by the in-plane position through the dependency of the thickness and boundary conditions , , and . Thus, the problem ( ) has to be solved times. Nonetheless each resolution has the complexity of a 1D boundary value pro- blem. Furthermore, each resolution is independent, and can be solved in a parallel manner as illustrated in Figure 3.
• is obtained as a post-processing by averaging the above field through thickness.
• is obtained by solving one single in plane 2D boundary value problem ( ) (Equation (22)) using the 2D field as an initial condi- tion. At the end of time step , it gives the field .
Expected computational speed up. A conventional in plane discretization of an industrial geometry would typically result in nodes.
Figure 3. Resolution strategy. At each time step, the solution is obtained with two successive steps: solving a set of fluctuation problems ( ) and solving one single in-plane problem ( ).
Additionally, because of the high through thickness temperature gradients associated with thermal shocks that occur in thermo-stamping, a fine through thickness discretization is required, for instance . In this case, the number of degree of freedom reaches .
Solving the initial 3D heat transfer problem defined in Section 2.1 using standard methods would result in solving a transient problem with degrees of freedom and a three-dimensional complexity. It would quickly result in unrealistic computational costs. Moreover, in the case of a thin shell domain, the proposed mesh, involving in plane nodes and through thickness nodes, would result in anisotropic mesh that may lead to numerical errors.
On the contrary, in the proposed resolution strategy, at each time step, independent 1D boundary value problem ( ) with degrees of freedom can be solved in parallel, followed by one single 2D boundary value problem ( ) with degrees of freedom. This strategy should result in a greatly reduced computational cost with a preserved accuracy, which opens the way for integrat- ing such approach as sub-routine in industrial simulation tools. Moreover, the in-plane and out-of-plane mesh sizes appear in two different problems and thus saves from complicated anisotropic meshing techniques.
Asynchronous time integration. Because of the thin plate assumption where , the ratio between characteristic in-plane diffusion time and charac- teristic through thickness diffusion time writes
being a dimensionless parameter characteristic of the so-called conduction aspect ratio. In a typical industrial case, where , , and , this ratio drops below . Therefore, the characteristic through thickness diffusion time is way shorter than its in-plane counterpart. This context justifies the use of an asynchronous time integration scheme, where two different time steps are used respectively for the through thickness fluc- tuating problem ( ) and the in-plane problem ( ).
In practice, the global resolution algorithm presented in Figure 3 is kept, and the global time stepping is based on the in-plane requirements ( ). During each time step , the through-thickness problems are calculated by a sub-integration with smaller time steps of the order .
In this section, first, the proposed separated model and resolution strategy is validated on a test case that largely fulfills the thin shell assumption. Then the speed up is discussed and the limits of the presented model are investigated with rougher cases (thick and curved shell).
3.1. Validation
In order to validate the proposed resolution strategy, the temperature fields obtained using the presented model are compared with the temperature fields obtained by solving the initial three-dimensional problem, using a commercial software (COMSOL Multiphysics 5.0®).
3.1.1. Test Conditions
A square flat plate of dimensions and thickness is considered. The origin of the cartesian coordinate system is taken in the centre of the plate. In such a flat plate case, the curvilinear coordinates are identified to the cartesian ones: and .
Material properties. In this test case, a PA66/glass fibre composite material is considered. The homogenized material properties are adapted from the litera- ture [27] . The in plane conductivity is considered isotropic and all the material properties are supposed constant and are listed in Table 1.
Boundary and initial conditions. The boundary and initial conditions are given in Table 2. The plate is supposed to be initially at uniform room tempera- ture .
A different heating condition is imposed on the upper and lower surfaces with . It is representative of the temperature imposed by a hot mould con- tact. In order to add in-plane variability to the problem, the exchange coeffi- cients and artificially depend on space position through the characteristic gaussian function
The problem is solved on the time interval .
3.1.2. Numerical Parameters
Numerical methods. The 1D transient boundary value problems ( ) and the 2D transient boundary value problem ( ) are solved using a finite element method with piecewise linear interpolation. An implicit (backward Euler) time integration scheme is used for all time integrations. The proposed algorithm was programmed in MATLAB®, which enables the parallel resolution of the ( ) problems.
Table 1. The material properties used in the test case are adapted from Faraj et al. [27] .
Table 2. Initial and boundary conditions used in the test case.
Mesh. For the reference simulation, a 3D regular mesh made of 3600 hexa- hedron is obtained by extruding a regular in-plane 2D mesh that consists of quadrangular elements. There are thus 30 elements in the thickness, and in terms of nodes, and .
For the proposed separated method, the mesh consists of the same 31 nodes through the thickness for the problems and of a triangular regular mesh with the same 3721 nodes for the problem.
The interpolations used in every finite element methods (3D in COMSOL, 2D in and 1D in ) are all linear, which enables to expect for the same precision.
Time step. Time stepping in the FEM reference simulation follows the COMSOL built-in algorithm and is forced not to exceed . The time integration scheme is a standard backward difference scheme. On the contrary, a constant time step is used in the presented method. In this first test case, the time steps for both and problems are the same.
The convergence of the numerical methods used was first validated on a standard one-dimensional test case by comparing the numerical solution with an analytical solution given by Jaeger [28] .
3.1.3. Comparison
Figure 4 shows the in-plane temperature profiles at three different heights, at final time . Figure 5 represents the through thickness temperature
Figure 4. Temperature profile at versus for three different heights in the plate. The plot is at final time . The reference 3D finite element solution (plain lines) is accurately recovered with the proposed methodology (markers).
Figure 5. Temperature profile at versus for two different in plane positions and two different instants . Once again, the 3D finite element solution (plain lines) is accurately recovered with the proposed methodology (markers).
profiles in the centre and on the edge of the plate at and final time . The figures show a good superposition of the reference field obtained with the finite element simulation and the one obtained with the presented method. The same numerical artifact (a slight oscillation) is found with both methods in the through thickness profile at early time ( ). This is due to the finite element and time discretization that fail to accurately predict thermal shocks. this artifact does not influence the later time predictions (see for instance Fachinotti and Bellet [29] regarding this issue).
The maximum residual relative error
is defined, where is the field computed with the 3D model in COMSOL and is the field computed with the presented method. At final time , the error does not exceed which represents around .
3.2. Efficiency and Model Limits
3.2.1. Speed up
The reference finite element simulation was computed in on a desktop computer (see Table 3). The solving time per time step was about . The separated form solution was computed on the same computer in no more than , with about per time step. This represents a speed up of over 28
Table 3. Computational speeds, the proposed method results in a speed up of over 28 times. In case of asynchronous time stepping and parallel resolution of problems, this speed up even reaches 33 times.
times. Using asynchronous time steps for and results in an additional reduction in the total computational time. Moreover, the problems are solved in a sequential manner in this test case. Solving them in parallel results in additional speed-up.
3.2.2. Extreme Cases
The limits of the proposed resolution strategy are investigated in this section. It is reminded that two conditions were required in the model development:
1) A small aspect ratio for conduction such that Equation (18) stands. This corresponds to the thin-shell assumption in the case where the in-plane and through thickness conductivities are of the same order of magnitude.
2) In the case of a curved shell domain , the radii of curvature should be large compared to the shell thickness . This ensures that the metrics given in the Appendix do not depend on the coordinate.
Thick part. In the test case presented above, the aspect ratio for conduction is very small ( ) which explains the good app- licability of the thin plate assumption and the presented reduced method. The limit imposed by the first condition above was investigated by performing additional simulations with larger values of . With this aim, the plate dimen- sion was decreased. The plate is still flat and square. As shown in Figure 6 if stays smaller that , the thin plate assumption stands and the error given by (26) between the 3D finite element reference solution and the separated form solution does not exceed . It would even fall to lower than 1% for typical part shape encountered in composites processing ( ).
Sharp curvature. In order to investigate the curvature limit imposed by the second condition discussed above, a curved shell was considered. The domain is now an L-shape blank of length , with two flanges of length and a radius of curvature of the mid-plane surface . The blank thickness is kept (see Figure 7).
The boundary conditions on the upper and lower surfaces are now such that and . The reference field computed with the full 3D formulation using COMSOL Multiphysics® and the
Figure 6. Maximum error between the temperature fields computed with COMSOL using a 3D model and with the presented approach vs. aspect ratio for conduction . The error is computed at final time . As increases, the thin plate assumption fails, and the separated form resolution cannot predict 3D effects.
Figure 7. Geometry of the L-shape domain considered in the sharp curvature study. The sharpness of the curvature is given by the ratio between the radius of curvature and the flange thickness . The arrow represents the section along which the profile of Figure 9 is plotted.
field obtained using the proposed strategy are computed for the time range . The through-thickness profile along the first diagonal schematized in Figure 7 is plotted in Figure 8.
As the blank thickness to radius of curvature ratio gets larger, the metric tensor given in Appendix by Equation (30) depends on the through thickness position . Thus Equation (31) does not stand and the proposed decomposition strategy fails at predicting the initial 3D problem. This is the case for Figure 8 where the thickness to radius ratio .
Figure 8. Through-thickness temperature profile at time obtained with the full 3D finite element solution and the proposed strategy. Case of a strong curvature: .
To identify the limit of applicability, several simulations with varying radius of curvature were performed. As shown in Figure 9 if stays below 0.2, which is usually the case in industrial geometries, the error between the 3D finite element reference solution and the separated form is below .
3.3. Application to Industrial Nonlinear Case
3.3.1. Problem Definition
The proposed ADI resolution method was applied to an industrial case representative of the thermostamping process. A thick laminate comprised of 16 anisotropic plies stacked on a sequence is considered. The temperature dependant thermal properties are adapted from carbon fibre reinforced PEEK and are given in Table 4. The initially hot laminate (at ) comes in contact with a cold matrix and punch set, as illustrated in Figure 10, at time .
The 2D heat transfer problem is solved using (i) a full 2D resolution in COMSOL (ii) the presented alternate direction implicit (ADI) method, and (iii) a series of independant one-dimensional through thickness problems. In the ADI method, the problem consists of a 1D homogenized through thickness problem. Because of the stacking sequence, the in-plane thermal conductivity tensor is isotropic and is an average of the longitudinal and transsverse properties given in Table 4. Nonlinear resolution is performed in MATLAB over a physical time of with 150 time steps. In COMSOL, the exact multiply description is implemented. Using symmetry, only half of the geometry is considered and presented hereunder.
3.3.2. Results and Discussion
Three-dimensional effect. The problem is nonlinear, and, as visible in Figure 11, highly three-dimensional at the vicinity of the shear edge (between the
Figure 9. Maximum error between the temperature fields computed with COMSOL using a 3D model and with the presented approach vs. thickness to radius of curvature ratio . The error is computed at final time . As increases, the metric tensor becomes not constant through thickness, and the separated form resolution fails at predicting 3D effects.
Figure 10. Industrial test case geometry and boundary conditions. The problem is solved on the multiply laminate domain .
Figure 11. Industrial test case. Close up on temperature fields at time computed with the full 2D resolution (up) and the ADI method (down). The three-dimensional effect is partly described with the ADI method.
Table 4. Material properties used in the industrial case, representative of carbon fibre/ PEEK composite.
punch and the matrix). Still the proposed ADI method is able to partly discribe this tridimensional effect thanks to the problem that considers in plane diffusion.
Temperature profiles at three different positions at time are plotted in Figure 12.
• Far from the shear edge (cut CC'), the temperature gradient is mostly through thickness and the three approaches prove efficient at describing the through thickness temperature field.
• In the centre of the shear edge zone (cut AA'), the ADI method enables an accurate recovery of the through thickness profile obtained with the full 2D method. On the contrary, at this position AA', the one-dimensional method highly overestimates the temperature since it does not account for the nearby cold moulds.
• Similarly in the intermediate region over the matrix (cut BB’), the one- dimensional approach under predicts the temperature field. On the contrary, the ADI proposed method, enables a partial description of the three-dimensional effects ( ). Nonetheless, the method results in overpredicting temperature at height . At this worst position, three-dimensional effects are en- hanced, the decomposition methods fails and this artifact (also visible in Figure 11) cannot be overcome.
Nonlinearity. In addition to this three-dimensional effect, the proposed in- dustrial case is nonlinear, since the properties are temperature dependant. In this nonlinear case, the ADI method still proved efficient at predicting the temperature field. The efficiency of the method is explained by the very smooth non-linearities of the thermal properties used in the test case (see Table 4). Given that this is the case for the majority of industrial thermoplastic composite, the decomposition ADI method will likely be efficient for other industrial materials.
Multiply. Finally, the industrial test case was performed with a 16 plies laminates, with a very harsh anisotropic stacking. The ADI, which considers an homogenized in-plane conductivity for the in-plane problem, still proves efficient at predicting the thermal fields. In conclusion, as far as the heat transfer is concerned, a multiply stacking representative of an industrial blank can be considered as homogeneous through thickness.
Figure 12. Industrial test. Temperature profiles through thickness at three different positions. Plots are at time for the full 2D resolution, the ADI method and the one-dimensional method.
3.4. Proposed Integration in a Global Procedure
Several thermostamping simulation tools exist which handle the mechanics. This is the case, for instance, of Plasfib [30] , Aniform [31] or PAMForm [4] . In order to improve the physical description of these tools, accurate prediction of heat transfer is required. Implementation using the presented method, is possible for several reasons:
1) In these tools, the global time integration scheme is incremental and therefore follows the same scheme as the one described in Section 2.2.2. The iterative time integration procedure is thus consistent between the existing mechanical algorithm, and the proposed heat transfer with operator splitting algorithm.
2) The two-dimensional problem is a standard partial differential equa- tion. The spatial integration can be integrated using standard numerical methods. The FEM tools developed for the other physics (in the above examples, mechanics) can easily be reused for this heat equation.
3) The problems are independent one-dimensional partial differential equations. Implementation is straightforward using standard numerical methods (finite difference, finite elements).
4) The through thickness average two-dimensional temperature field is readily available as the solution of the problem at each time step. Thus it can be used as an input for a rough evaluation of a through thickness equivalent mechanical behavior. Furthermore, should one want a finer mechanical descrip- tion, the full three-dimensional field is also provided at each time step (Equation (25)).
An alternate direction implict (ADI) solving strategy was proposed to predict the temperature field in thin shells. It is particularly adapted to simulate temperature effects in thermo-stamping processes. The main contributions of this work are the following:
• An in-plane/out-of-plane decomposition strategy was proposed. The initial 3D heat transfer problem can be solved in two successive steps:
-solving of a series of 1D problems ( ) with a fine time step and a good accounting of thermal shocks problems.
-solving of one 2D problem ( ).
The strong potential of this numerical strategy for computational costs reduc- tion was clearly highlighted.
• The applicability of this solving strategy was investigated. Two conditions are to be fulfilled for the model to be predictive:
-a small aspect ratio for conduction dimensionless ratio that includes both geometrical aspect ratio and anisotropy of the conductivity tensor.
-a small thickness to radius of curvature ratio .
These two conditions are fulfilled in standard thermo-stamping industrial cases.
• The proposed formulation is such that the problems and are classical and can be solved within a standard incremental time integration scheme and FEM formulations. Thus, the ADI decomposition can readily be implemented in existing industrial simulation softwares.
This study is part of the COMMANDO-STAMP project managed by IRT Jules Verne (French Institute in Research and Technology in Advanced Manufactur- ing Technologies for Composite, Metallic and Hybrid Structures). The authors wish to associate the industrial and academic partners of this project; Respec- tively SAFRAN, Peugeot Citroën Automotive, SOLVAY, CEMCAT, LTN, GeM, LAMCOS and 3SR. Also, fruitful discussions with Philippe Boisse and Nahiene Hamila about the integration in a global procedure are to be acknowledged.
Levy, A., Hoang, D.A. and Le Corre, S. (2017) On the Alternate Direction Implicit (ADI) Method for Solving Heat Transfer in Composite Stamp- ing. Materials Sciences and Applications, 8, 37-63. http://dx.doi.org/10.4236/msa.2017.81004
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2. Lessard, H. (2014) &EACUTE;valuation expérimentale du procédé de thermoformage-estampage d’un composite peek/carbone constitué de plis unidirectionnels. Ph.D. Thesis, Université du Québec à Trois-Rivières, Trois-Rivières.
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6. Pickett, A.K., Quickborner, T., de Luca, P. and Haug, E. (1994) Industrial Press Forming of continuous Fibre Reinforced Thermoplastic Sheets and the Development of Numerical Simulation Tools. International Conference on Flow Processes in Composites Materials, Galway, 7-9 July 1994, 356-368.
7. Thomann, U.I., Sauter, M. and Ermanni, P. (2004) A Combined Impregnation and Heat Transfer Model for Stamp Forming of Unconsolidated Commingled Yarn Preforms. Composites Science and Technology, 64, 1637-1651.
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10. Saetta, E. and Rega, G. (2014) Unified 2D Continuous and Reduced Order Modeling of Thermomechanically Coupled Laminated Plate for Nonlinear Vibrations. Meccanica, 49, 1723-1749.
11. Bergman, G. and Oldenburg, M. (2004) A Finite Element Model for Thermomechanical Analysis of Sheet Metal Forming. International Journal for Numerical Methods in Engineering, 59, 1167-1186.
https://doi.org/10.1002/nme.911
12. Surana, K.S. and Phillips, R.K. (1987) Three Dimensional Curved Shellnite Elements for Heat Conduction. Computers & Structures, 25, 775-785.
13. Surana, K.S. and Abusaleh, G. (1990) Curved Shell Elements for Heat Conduction with p-Approximation in the Shell Thickness Direction. Computers & Structures, 34, 861-880.
14. Rolfes, R. and Teβmer, J. (2001) 2D Finite Element Formulation for 3D Temperature Analysis of Layered Hybrid Structures. NAFEMS Seminar: Numerical Simulation of Heat Transfer, Wiesbaden, 9-10 May 2001, 1-5.
15. Do Carmo, D.A. and De Faria, A.R. (2015) A 2D Finite Element with through the Thickness Parabolic Temperature Distribution for Heat Transfer Simulations Including Welding. Finite Elements in Analysis and Design, 93, 85-95.
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.finel.2014.09.005
16. Bognet, B., Bordeu, F., Chinesta, F., Leygue, A. and Poitou, A. (2012) Advanced Simulation of Models Defined in Plate Geometries: 3D Solutions with 2D Computational Complexity. Computer Methods in Applied Mechanics and Engineering, 201-204, 1-12.
17. Chinesta, F., Leygue, A., Beringhier, M., Nguyen, L.T., Grandidier, J.-C., Schreer, B. and Pesavento, F. (2013) Towards a Framework for Non-Linear Thermal Models in Shell Domains. International Journal of Numerical Methods for Heat & Fluid Flow, 23, 55-73.
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https://doi.org/10.1090/S0002-9947-1956-0084194-4
20. LeVeque, R.J. (2005) Finite Difference Methods for Differential Equations. University of Washington, Seattle.
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23. Lions, P.L. and Mercier, B. (1979) Splitting Algorithms for the Sum of Two Nonlinear Operators. SIAM Journal on Numerical Analysis, 16, 964-979.
24. Godunov, S.K. and Ryabenkii, V.S. (1987) Difference Schemes: An Introduction to the Underlying Theory. Elsevier Science, Amsterdam.
25. Thomas, M., Boyard, N., Lefèvre, N., Jarny, Y. and Delaunay, D. (2010) An Experimental Device for the Simultaneous Estimation of the Thermal Conductivity 3-D Tensor and the Specific Heat of Orthotropic Composite Materials. International Journal of Heat and Mass Transfer, 53, 5487-5498.
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijheatmasstransfer.2010.07.008
26. Douglas, J. and Seongjai, K. (2001) Improved Accuracy for Locally One-Dimensional Methods for Parabolic Equations. Mathematical Models and Methods in Applied Sciences, 11, 1563-1579.
27. Faraj, J., Pignon, B., Bailleul, J.L., Boyard, N., Delaunay, D. and Orange, G. (2015) Heat Transfer and Crystallization Modeling during Compression Molding of Thermoplastic Composite Parts. Key Engineering Materials, 651-653, 1507-1512.
https://doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/KEM.651-653.1507
28. Carslaw, H.S. and Jaeger, J.C. (1959) Conduction of Heat in Solids. Clarendon Press, Oxford.
29. Fachinotti, V.D. and Bellet, M. (2006) Linear Tetrahedral Finite Elements for Thermal Shock Problems. International Journal of Numerical Methods for Heat & Fluid Flow, 16, 590-601.
30. Guzman-Maldonado, E., Hamila, N., Boisse, P. and Bikard, J. (2015) Thermomechanical Analysis, Modelling and Simulation of the Forming of Pre-Impregnated Thermoplastics Composites. Composites Part A: Applied Science and Manufacturing, 78, 211-222.
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.compositesa.2015.08.017
31. Haanappel, S.P., Thije, R.H.W., Sachs, U., Rietman, B. and Akkerman, R. (2014) Composites: Part A Formability Analyses of Unidirectional and Textile Reinforced Thermoplastics. Composites Part A, 56, 80-92.
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https://doi.org/10.1186/2213-7467-1-4
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Appendix. Arbitrary Curvilinear Shell Description
In this Appendix, the surface operator is defined in the arbitrary curved shell domain illustrated in Figure 1. This definition follows the framework adopted by Benveniste [32] in the case of a thin interphase. A similar approach is fully detailed in three dimensions by Bognet et al. [33] in their appendix.
A.1. Mid-Surface Description
Mapping. The reference global cartesian system is denoted as with its origin . First, the mid-surface of the shell like domain is considered. A position on this surface is parametrized in a reference dimensionless coordinate system using the mapping function
This mapping is such that and are dimensionless.
Basis. The natural basis at point consists of the two tangent vectors
where the standard comma notation denotes derivation.
Metric tensor. The first fundamental metric tensor of this 2D surface writes, in the local basis,
The unit normal to the tangent surface at point is also defined as
The second order tensor , representing the second fundamental form, which components are defined as , gives the local mean curvature
and Gaussian curvature
of the surface .
A.2. Shell Domain Parametrization
Mapping. A position in the thin shell domain is parametrized as described in Figure A1. The projection of on the mid-surface is first defined. Therefore, . is parametrized using the map- ping (27) and the third dimensionless coordinate
is defined, where is the local thin shell thickness. It quantifies the distance between and the mid-surface . Thus the coordinate is also dimensionless. In summary, the shell domain mapping writes
Because is the distance to the mid-surface, the coordinate sys- tem is parallel curvilinear as defined by Benveniste [32] .
Basis. At point , the natural basis associated to this curvilinear coordinate system consists of the three vectors
Figure A1. Illustration of the mapping used to parametrize the shell domain . The position in the physical Euclidean space is obtained from the dimen- sionless coordinates using: (i) the mid-surface mapping (the function ) and (ii) the distance from the mid-surface .
Metric tensor. The symmetric fundamental metric tensor is described in terms of its coordinates where and . By defini- tion
Because the system is parallel curvilinear, . Moreover, Equation (29) gives
because is a unit vector.
Following Equation (64) in [33] , the component , and write1
1The expression (30) for differs from that of [33] because, in our case, , where depends on the coordinates and .
where the second order tensor represents the extrinsic third fundamental form. This equation shows that the local metric tensor is obtained as a correction of the metric tensor at the mid surface . This correction depends on the distance from and gets larger as the curvature increases. But it also depends on the shell thickness variation that may occur in the case of blanks with ply drops.
In the case where the radii of curvature of the surface are large compared to the shell thickness , the second term is negligible compared to the first one. Because is a product including the curvature (see for instance Equation (59) by Bognet et al. [33] ), the third term also vanishes besides when the curvature of tends to 0. If, in addition, the shell thickness variations are small, the last term can also be neglected. Then, the fundamental metric tensor in the shell reduces to
and is thus independent of the through thickness position in the shell. Furthermore, the inverse of this metric tensor is also block-diagonal and writes
A.3. Surface Differential Operators
Gradient. Following [34] , the gradient of a scalar is a first order tensor. In the contravariant basis , it writes
which can be decomposed, using Equation (32) into an in-plane and an out-of- plane term:
where the surface gradient writes, in the basis ( , ):
In the case where the out-of plane coordinate is redimensionalized, as , the normal vector , and
As described in section 2.1.2, for a conductivity tensor which has a principal direction in the out of plane direction (Equation (3)), the flux in-plane/out-of- plane decomposition (4) is recovered.
Divergence. First, the following scalar magnitude is defined:
The determinant of is thus
Following [34] , the divergence of a vector writes
where the Einstein summation notation is used on the index . Since does not depend on , this sum can be decomposed into in-plane and an out-of-plane terms:
where the surface divergence writes, in the basis ( , ):
In the case where the out-of plane coordinate is redimensionalized, as , and . The divergence then writes
As given in Section 2.1.2, the heat equation decomposition (5) is recovered.
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Lighter, leaner Quincy Wilson attacking latest opportunity in Colts’ secondary
Posted 2:24 PM, July 28, 2019, by Mike Chappell
INDIANAPOLIS, INDIANA - NOVEMBER 25: Quincy Wilson #31 of the Indianapolis Colts reacts after a play in the game against Miami Dolphins in the second quarter at Lucas Oil Stadium on November 25, 2018 in Indianapolis, Indiana. (Photo by Stacy Revere/Getty Images)
WESTFIELD, Ind. – There are a couple of undeniables when considering the on-going training camp competition at cornerback.
Pierre Desir. And Kenny Moore II.
The Indianapolis Colts made their sentiments for each known during the offeason. They re-signed Desir to a three-year, $25 million contract, then gave Moore, who was under contract through 2019, a four-year extension worth more than $30 million.
Money – a hefty investment – speaks volumes.
But after those two, everything appears wide open and ultra-competitive. And that’s what the next few weeks at Grand Park Sports Campus is all about.
“We’re just trying to find out, like I said in the spring, who that ‘1’ guy is, who the ‘2’ guy is and who is going to play on nickel for us,’’ coordinator Matt Eberflus said. “That will reveal itself.
“Let the players do that with their competition and their execution.’’
Often, the starter in the base opposite Desir has been Moore, who took his game to another level last season, especially in the postseason. At times it’s been Quincy Wilson or Jalen Collins. Rookie Rock Ya-Sin has gotten good exposure.
When Eberflus dials up his nickel package, Desir and Wilson might be on the outside with Moore sliding into the slot where, again, he has established himself as one of the NFL’s best.
However it plays out, opportunity knocks for someone.
Someone like Wilson, a 2017 second-round draft pick who has fought inconsistency his first two seasons.
“Man, I feel like the only way’s up,’’ he said. “I finally feel like everything’s lined up for me. I know what to expect. I know what the coaches expect of me. I know the defense. I’m confident and the coaches are confident in me.
“It’s all in my hands just to make it happen.’’
In an attempt at maximizing the opportunity, Wilson decided to remake himself from a physical standpoint.
When he came in as a rookie, he was 213 pounds with 16% body fat. In year two, he was roughly 210 pounds with 10% body fat.
“Now,’’ he said with a smile, “I’m about 7-8 percent and about 192, 193 pounds.’’
It’s been awhile since he’s been so, well, svelte.
“Last time I was 192, 193 I was probably in the 11th grade, 12th grade. I promise you, high school,’’ Wilson said. “I really feel good. I feel like I can run all day.’’
Eberflus has noticed.
“He’s changed his body considerably in terms of his lean mass and his body fat, and he’s looking the best he’s looked,’’ he said. “He’s done a nice job so far this spring and he’s competing his tail off this fall.’’
Wilson’s physical makeover actually began late last season.
“It’s been a slow progression,’’ Eberflus said. “I think it’s something that he and Rusty (Jones, director of sports performance) and the strength staff and the training camp got together and said, ‘Hey, these are the numbers. Let’s look at it.’ He’s done a great job of changing his body and now you’re starting to see it on the field in terms of his quickness and in terms of his coverage ability.’’
The previous coaching staff believed Wilson’s early inconsistency was tied to his immaturity. When the Colts selected him with the 46th overall pick in 2017, the Florida product was 21. He’s still a relative pup at 22; he turns 23 Aug. 16.
“I’m younger than most of the rookies,’’ Wilson said, laughing.
He’s right. Ya-Sin, Khari Willis, Ben Banogu, Bobby Okereke, Jackson Barton and Gerri Green are 23. E.J. Speed is 24.
That he entered the NFL at such a young age contributed to Wilson’s early struggles. In short, he wasn’t prepared for what was to come.
“I really just had a lot to learn, then with the coaching staff and the change and going from man to zone,’’ he said of having to transition from the aggressive man-to-man approach of head coach Chuck Pagano and coordinator Ted Monachino to Eberflus’ zone-heavy scheme. “It was just a lot.
“Then I wasn’t in shape. I had to get my body in shape.’’
Was that a byproduct of immaturity?
“I wouldn’t say it was immaturity,’’ Wilson said. “There were just a lot of things I didn’t know. I didn’t know how important my diet was. In college, you just eat whatever and you’re just better than everyone. That worked, so you think you can keep doing that.
“But I learned it’s important having the right people in your ear, just coaching you up day to day to day.’’
Aiding Wilson’s development last season was having veteran safety Mike Mitchell “in his ear.’’ The team signed Mitchell to bolster an injury-depleted position in mid-October, and his influence included tutoring Wilson.
“Mike had a big influence on Quincy . . . ‘Just don’t worry about the noise. Just control what I can control,’’’ general manager Chris Ballard said.
Too often, Wilson would pay attention to criticism on social media.
“We drafted him when he was 20 (a young 21, actually),’’ Ballard said. “Five-star player. Big-time recruit. Had success. They read social media. Second-round pick, expectations are high and it doesn’t go the way he wanted it to go.
“Now you’re reading everything on social media, everybody’s killing you, why aren’t you starting, why aren’t you leading the league in picks, you should be first-team All-Pro.
“Mitchell helped quiet his mind down.’’
As last season unfolded, Wilson settled down and settled in. He started four of the final seven regular-season games and saw extensive action in the two playoff games.
“You guys are going to see it,’’ Ballard said of Wilson’s gradual transformation.
Wilson agreed.
“You finally just get it,’’ he said. “Things are finally clicking for me right now and I’m ready to put on a show.’’
It’s clear the Colts anticipate big things from Wilson in year three.
“I expect big things, too,’’ he said. “I’m still young. It’s my third year. I’m expecting more of myself this year and I know I can do it.’’
You can follow Mike Chappell on Twitter at @mchappell51
And be sure to catch the Colts Bluezone Podcast:
Colts Blue Zone Podcast episode 21 ‘Training Camp Preview’ now available
Jim Irsay: ‘we want a commitment to greatness’
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The 5 Irish Whiskeys You Simply Must Have in Your Whiskey Cabinet
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Everyone knows the Irish know how to drink, but they also know how to craft some great Whiskies. The country is currently seeing a massive boom in interest in their Whiskey and distilleries have been popping up everywhere.
This has resulted in some older distilleries rebranding to keep up with their new competitors as well as some old family recipes being revived through brands like Teeling and Tullamore D.E.W. We’ve gathered some of the best names in the Irish Whiskey market, so you know which ones you simply must have in your Whiskey cabinet.
1. Redbreast 12 Year Old
Redbreast is a single pot still Whiskey that was once made from bonded barrels of Jameson by a company called W & A Gilbey. It was eventually sold to Irish Distillers, who rebranded it at Redbreast and moved distillation to Midleton in Cork.
Redbreast 12 Year Old is a stunning example of how good Irish single pot still Whiskey can be. It has won several accolades, including the Liquid Gold Award from Jim Murray’s Whisky Bible in 2014.
Redbreast 12 year for #whiskeywednesday A great Irish whiskey on another beautiful evening. With as many awards and accolades that this whiskey has won, I don't have to tell you how fantastic it is. If you haven't tried it, you need to. If you have, you know. #irishwhiskey #redbreast12 #potstill #whiskywithaview
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It opens with a nose of sweet nuts and a nice oiliness to it. There is a lovely sweetness with lots of fruits and a little hint of vanilla spice to it. This grows on the palate, which is rich and thick, with more sweet nuts and fruit. The vanilla is deep and oaky, with the casks really coming out. There is a slight hint of citrus fruit that is tangy and lasts into the finish.
Already tried the 12? Make sure you try the Redbeast 12 Cask Strengt!
2. Bushmills Black Bush
Bushmills Distillery in the north of Ireland has the legacy of being not only the oldest distillery in Ireland, but also the oldest licensed distillery in the world. This is quite a testament to their quality and proves they have really stood the test of time. Today they are owned by Jose Cuervo having been sold by Diageo in 2014.
Their Black Bush blend is crafted from malt matured in oloroso sherry casks and has been triple distilled. This makes it incredibly smooth.
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Jul 10, 2017 at 4:57am PDT
The nose is spicy and warming, with cinnamon and dried fruits coming out. There is a hint of Christmas cake, with raisins and Christmas spices coming out. The palate is luxurious and fruity, with apples and pears making an appearance. There is also a lovely citrus note that is zesty and really livens up the palate. This continues into the finish, which has more sweet vanilla and oak notes as well.
Look out also for the latest Bushmills Steamship release, it's superb!
3. Jameson Black Barrel
Jameson is a staple of Irish Whiskey and needs to be in your Whiskey cabinet not only because of this but also because it is one of the best. It was originally founded by a Scotsman in Dublin, in 1780, and today is produced at the brand’s Midleton Distillery in Cork.
Jameson Black Barrel is a premium expression and is a shining example of how good they are.
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It is now available in a stunning new bottle, and the flavour? It opens with a nose of citrus fruits and sweet barley. There is a slightly floral note that adds some fragrance to the dram. The palate is smooth and full of honey and orchard notes of oak and fruit, with a bit of oomph versus the classic Jameson. Vanilla and cinnamon spices come through on the body and add a lovely warming note. The finish is soft with a smooth feel and lots of vanilla and spice.
If you fancy exploring their range further take a look at Jameson Makers Series; three bottlings that show you how different influences of spirit, wood and blending can affect the Jameson product.
4. Greenore 8 Year Old
Greenore is made in the Cooley Distillery, which was originally owned by John Teeling in 1987. Today it is owned by Beam Suntory and the Teelings have moved on to their own brand of Whiskey. Greenore is still made at Cooley, alongside other Irish brands Kilbeggan, Tyrconnell and Connemara, which is the only peated Whiskey made on the island.
Their 8 Year Old Greenore is a treat usually saved for duty free, so make sure you ask to try it first - will help the flight go quicker. It's a single grain Whiskey, made from maize/corn sourced from France and one of the few double-distilled Irish Whiskeys! It will give you newfound respect for grain Whiskey.
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Aug 3, 2017 at 7:38am PDT
It opens with a nose of lemon peel, honey and malted barley. The cereal notes are rich and thick. They come into their own on the palate, which is full of oak and sweet vanilla tones. This dram is full of fruits and sweet notes, with a full body and smooth mouth feel. The finish is sweet, with pecans and hazelnuts and a lovely long oak note.
5. Teeling Small Batch
Although Teeling as we know them today have only been around for a few decades, they have a history in the Irish Whisky industry that dates back to the 1700s.
The family is trying, and succeeding, at reviving their brand and bringing Teeling Whiskey back to the public. They recently brought distilling back to Dublin when they opened the first distillery in the city in 125 years. They have won a number of awards with their malts and their Small batch expression is a wonderful example of what they can do.
This is Teeling's way of creating the most interesting Blended #IrishWhiskey in the Whole Wide #Ireland. After 4-7 years of initial maturation this blend of malt and grain Whiskey is further aged for 6 months in Flor de Cana RUM casks, which amplifies the oh-so sweet flavours and notes, yet remains decidedly (and typically) #Irish in core & spirit. #WelcomeToWhisky #TeelingSmallBatch @teeling_whiskey #whiskey #whiskeyporn #whiskeylove #whiskeytime #whiskeylover #whiskeytasting #whiskeygram #whiskeywednesday #whiskeylife #instawhiskey
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May 17, 2017 at 4:33am PDT
The nose is fruity and warming, with orchard tones of grass and oak and a lovely cinnamon tone. There are citrus fruits and lots of ripe green apples coming through. The palate is sweet, with summer berries, vanilla and more spice. There is a delicate floral note to this malt, with a hint of cherry blossom appearing. The finish is rich, with herbal notes and more oak sweetness lingering on the tongue.
Teeling's single cask releases are the stuff of legend as well! Try to pick one up of you see it, you'll never be disappointed!
Think we’re missing any Irish Whiskey from our list? Let us know your favourites in the comments.
READ MORE ABOUT: irish whiskey, whiskey, home bar, teeling, redbreast, jameson, greenore, bushmills
Published Aug 10th 2017
Greg is a brand strategy consultant, writer, speaker, host and judge specialising in premium spirits. His mission is to experience, share and inspire with everything great about Whisky, Whiskey, Gin, Beer and fine dining through his website, GreatDrams.com, writing, brand building and whisky tastings.
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Thursday Movie Picks #53: Science Fiction Movies (No Space/Aliens)
On July 15, 2015 July 15, 2015 By ruthIn Blog Events, The Flix List
Happy Thursday everyone! This is another entry to the weekly Thursday Movie Picks that’s spearheaded by Wandering Through the Shelves Blog. Here’s the gist:
The rules are simple simple: Each week there is a topic for you to create a list of three movies. Your picks can either be favourites/best, worst, hidden gems, or if you’re up to it one of each. This Thursday’s theme is…
Science Fiction Movies (No Space/Aliens)
It’s interesting that the requirement for this sci-fi genre is no space/aliens as a lot of my favorites in this genre aren’t the ones with aliens in them. In fact, I love sci-fis that don’t look or feel science fiction-y, in fact, intriguing sci-fis are those with rich layers of human drama that remind us what it means to be humans.
I immediately thought of including Ex Machina here, but I decided not to include something from this year. Instead, I’m selecting three from the past few years that have a small/modest budget (under $25 mil) that have made a big impression on me:
The life of a time-traveling Temporal Agent. On his final assignment, he must pursue the one criminal that has eluded him throughout time.
As I mentioned in my review, the less you know about the plot the better the experience. Since I was just talking about directing duos, I have to mention the Spierig Brothers who also made this vampire sci-fi Daybreakers. The premise is rather bizarre and definitely not an easy one to grasp, but it’s well worth a watch. I like how the film started out with a bang but then the pace slows down considerably in the first act as we’re introduced to the characters played by Ethan Hawke and Sarah Snook. The odd pacing seems deliberate and I actually think it’s pretty effective and engrossing in getting us to care about their journey. Snook is quite a revelation here and I kept hoping to see her getting prominent roles.
s I….
A lonely writer develops an unlikely relationship with his newly purchased operating system that’s designed to meet his every need.
Once in a while, a film you hadn’t heard much about suddenly sneaked in and took your breath away. In 2013, that film for me was HER. That’s what I wrote in my review over a year ago, and there’s still very few films that affected me emotionally the way this one did.
There are many robot/human *love* stories that’s been done time and again but what Theodore Twombly (Joaquin Phoenix) experienced with Samantha (voiced brilliantly by Scarlett Johansson) is quite unlike any other. For one, there’s no physical presence of Samantha in the film but yet her presence is felt so viscerally. I’m going to borrow my from my own review… This is the kind of thought-provoking science fiction story that I wish Hollywood would make more of. Sci-fi is not always about aliens or cool-looking futuristic equipments or cars or what have you, but a good sci-fi should actually makes us ponder about our own humanity. I realize this film isn’t for everyone as there are a few people I recommended this to that aren’t wowed by it. That said, I think you owe it to yourself to at least give this one a shot.
Never Let Me Go (2010)
A love triangle develops between three friends who came of age at a mysterious, secluded boarding school and are destined to lead brief lives.
This is another film where the less you know about the plot the better. If you just look at still photos or even the poster (which you can see on my review post), you’d never thought this is a sci-fi. It looks more like a mystery drama, and I think that’s the vibe director Mark Romanek was going for. Working from Alex Garland’s script, who later made his directorial debut in Ex Machina, the pace is decidedly slow and graceful in the way things unfold. The romantic drama sensibilities offer a stark contrast to the cerebral sci-fi nature of the story. I really need to watch this again, but I remember being really absorbed by this film. Carey Mulligan and Andrew Garfield are excellent here, it’s still one of my favorite performance from both of them even after seeing more of their work. It’s also exquisitely-shot in muted hues that perfectly match the somber tone of the film.
What do you think of my sci-fi picks this week? Have you seen any of these films?
Alex GarlandAndrew GarfieldCarey MulliganEthan HawkeEx MachinaHer movieJoaquin PhoenixMark RomanekNever Let Me Go moviePredestination movieScarlett JohanssonScience Fictionscifi moviesThursday Movie Picks
Everybody’s Chattin + Question of the week: Favorite directing duos & their film(s)
FlixChatter Review: Ant-Man (2015)
37 thoughts on “Thursday Movie Picks #53: Science Fiction Movies (No Space/Aliens)”
Oh….. with the exception of Predestination which I had never seen. The other 2 films are pretty much… classics.
Glad to hear you like two of my picks. Predestination is a good one Steven, definitely worth a rent.
Jordan Dodd
GREAT picks! Predestination was a fantastic movie, and Aussie too ;D They made that on a tiny budget, but you can barely tell. I loved Her too, and thought Scarlett’s voice acting was amazing; it makes Bullock’s effort in Minions sound so bad!! I have never heard of that third one you chose, but it sounds pretty decent!
Hi Jordan! Yeah I like the two movies by the Spierig Brothers. Have you seen Daybreakers? I really dug that one too. Yes I was impressed by Scarlett’s voice work, it adds so much to the character. Never Let Me Go is written by Alex Garland who also wrote 28 Days Later, so do check it out!
I need to see Daybreakers, I’ve read a lot about it. Will definitely have to check that other one out, Alex Garland has written some great stuff
Big Screen Small Words
I have yet to see Predestination, and Her is such a lovely film.
Predestination is a bit bonkers but well worth the watch. Glad you love HER too!
Seen em all and really liked them. Thanks for this Ruth. How about a classic – Back to the Future?
Yay, glad to hear! Well if you’re talking about classics then you can’t go wrong with Back to the Future 😃
Nice list of 3, and it is a bit creative topic too. Majority of Sci-Fi films are loaded with futuristic objects, a kid type villain :), and things you mentioned above. I agree with you, sci-fi films that looks real and have a normal atmosphere are more exciting. A great example of such films is “Frequency (2000)”. I think these kind of movies involves the audience more comparing to the aliens ones. I have not seen any of the films you mentioned above but after checking on IMDB, I will watch “Her” first.
Welcome to FC Ayush! Frequency is a great movie! Do watch HER, you might love that one
Love the inclusion of Never let me Go, such a fantastic and very underrated film
It’s too bad not many ppl have seen NLMG, it’s so beautiful n heartbreaking. Cinematography is top notch n it’s so atmospheric.
Great Job, Ruth! I thought seriously about picking Her but realized that I could only choose one between that and Eternal Sunshine. Her really is nearly perfect though. And you’re right about never Let Me go. I knew almost nothing about it when I watched it (was completely unprepared for the sci-fi element) and was completely captivated by it. Your picks are so spot on that I feel like I need to check out Predestination despite my Ethan hawke hate-on.
Thanks Matt! Believe it or not I still haven’t seen Eternal Sunshine yet but have heard great things. No love for Hawke? Y’know he’s not my fave actor but I like him in his scifi movies for some reason. Predestination is worth a look for Sarah Snook who’s simply amazing.
Myerla
Her is a wonderful film. I think I need to revisit Never Let me Go as wasn’t keen on it last time.
Sarah Snook is incredible, I watched her Jesebelle and had no idea she was an Aussie as her Southern US accent was that good.
Hi Myerla, glad you like my picks. So you’ve seen Predestination too then? I think the Aussies generally are great with accents, so not surprised miss Snook could pull off Southern accent beautifully.
Brittani
LOVE these picks! I also chose Never Let Me Go. Her is just brilliant and Predestination, while I’m not sure I 100% understood the ending was still a good watch.
Yay! Glad to hear we have one in common. Yeah I feel the same way about Predestination but there’s still a lot in it that I really like.
joelnox
The only one of the three I’ve seen is Never Let Me Go which I didn’t much care for, disappointing since I love the two lead actresses so, but I just couldn’t get into it. HER is on my list just haven’t gotten to it yet. Never heard of Predestination, I like the description-wish it had another actor in the lead, Hawke is one of my least favorite performers. It sounds intriguing enough to put up with him though. Actually is seems to share the central theme of my first pick of the week just presented in a different aspect.
Here’s the three I came up with for the week:
Source Code (2011)-As part of a secret military operation Colter Stevens is placed repeatedly in the body of a man during the last eight minutes of his life to find out the identity of the terrorist who blew up a commuter train and prevent them from striking again. As he goes through the calamity time and again he begins to see a way to prevent the original tragedy. A clever premise excitingly directed with a strong lead performance by Jake Gyllenhaal.
Back to the Future III (1990)-Marty McFly and Doc Brown head out to the Old West by way of the flux capacitor where Doc finds love but also runs afoul of gang of bandits. After the scattershot BTTFII the series finds its legs again recapturing its sense of wonder and winds up with this charming and fun comic sci-fi western.
Fahrenheit 451 (1966)-François Truffaut’s only English language film is a terrifically chilly affair based on the Ray Bradbury classic. In the future Montag, a firemen whose job is to search for and burn books begins to question his existence. The masses, now called Cousins are under various degrees of mind control but there are still pockets of protesters who strive to keep knowledge alive. A perfectly cast film with amazing production design. Julie Christie is super in a dual role.
Hi Joel! Bummer that you didn’t care for Never Let Me Go. I thought it was quite an intriguing and emotional film, though I have to admit I’m not too crazy about Keira Knightley’s casting. Her is such a beautiful film, hope you get to see it too. Y’know I was telling a previous commenter that I’m not really into Hawke generally but I quite like the scifi movies he’s been in.
Oh, Source Code is a great pick! I really like that one and the twist took me by surprise. I like Gyllenhaal and Vera Farmiga in it. I have to admit I haven’t seen the other two you listed.
Nice picks! I didn’t get to Predestination last year, but I was so close to picking both Her and Never Let Me Go this week. Both great! I liked Never Let Me Go better as a novel. That is just a beautifully written novel. One of the best I’ve read in the last few years. Still a great film.
Thanks Kevin! I heard that Never Let Me Go’s novel is so superior, but I haven’t read it. I thought the film was beautifully atmospheric and emotional. Predestination is definitely worth a look!
SJHoneywell
Gattaca fits most of your criteria, although it does focus on a space agency and technically goes to space at the end. Still, I tihnk it’s close enough that it’s worth a mention. Metropolis is definitely worth a mention here, too.
There are also plenty of time travel movies that would qualify under these criteria. The Time Machine (the one from 1960), Time After Time, Triangle, Timecrimes, 12 Monkeys, Time Bandits… If you want something really unusual, look for Safety Not Guaranteed. Low budget and wildly entertaining, and focused on a time travel project.
There’s also tons of post-apocalyptic stuff. The Mad Max movies, A Boy and His Dog, On the Beach, The Quiet Earth, The Omega Man… Plenty of horror movies would fit into this genre as well.
I really like Gattaca, but I decided to select those from the past few years. There are a ton of time travel sci-fis. I have seen Safety Not Guaranteed, I like that one.
I’ve seen On The Beach, such a heartbreaking film.
Ted Saydalavong (@TSayda)
I have to see Predestination and HER, I want to see them both, I think they’re on Netflix now. I just need to watch them sometime on a weekend.
Somehow I couldn’t bring myself to watch Never Let Me Go, mostly because of how much I loved the book version and some reviewers said they totally botched what was great about the book. I’ll have to finally see it just to judge it for myself.
You should give Predestination and HER a shot Ted, esp if you’re into scifi indies. I hear ya about Never Let Me Go, I have a feeling the book is probably still superior. But give it a shot anyway, who knows you might like it.
Her is a wonderful film. Phoenix and ScarJo are both perfect. Never Let Me Go was enjoyable as well. Still haven’t seen Predestination, though. I hope to be fixing that soon.
Hi Dell! Glad you’re a fan of HER too. Interesting though that some people don’t care for it. In a way it’s similar to Never Let Me Go as it’s kind of a slo-burn drama. Predestination is pretty bonkers, but the performances are good, esp. Sarah Snook.
Very cool picks! Really want to see Predestination, wasn’t the biggest fan of HER but like seeing it here, and loved Never Let Me Go. Very underrated film and the three actors are phenomenal.
Her was my favourite film of 2013. Great pick!
Excellent picks! I was also thinking of Another Earth or Safety Not Guaranteed.
Terrific stuff Ruth, terrific. I really really want to see Never Let Me Go. And you’re right, I am totally surprised by it being classified as sci-fi. My impressions have always been that it’s a romantic drama. 🙂
Love your thoughts on the first two films, as well. Predestination blew me away with its complex, ever-shifting narrative and a star-marking performance from Sarah Snook. And Her, well. That is quite possibly my favorite film ever. Haha. Crazy high praise, I know but it hit me deep in the feels. 😉
Wandering through the Shelves
I like all of them. Her and Never Let me Go despite being set in some unknown future and has sci-fi elements, they have a very vintage retro feel to them with their colour scheme and their costuming don’t you think?
Yay! Her and Never Let Me Go are SO good. Ugh, I still need to see Predestination.
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The Vern
I’ve never heard of Predestination but I will check it out. I had no idea that Alex Garland adapted Never Let Me Go.
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Chelsea Agree To Sell Cech To Arsenal For £11m, But Only Once They Sign A Replacement
By Fraser Crawford on June 16, 2015
As the opening of the summer transfer window approaches, managers are working hard identifying targets and lining-up potential deals so we’ll bring you all the news and gossip. Today, Chelsea want to sign a replacement before they sell Petr Cech…
Chelsea have agreed to sell Petr Cech to Arsenal for £11m but will only rubber-stamp the deal once they have signed a suitable replacement, according to the Daily Mail.
Cech is set to leave Stamford Bridge after losing his first team place to Thibaut Courtois and Sky Sports News reported last night that the goalkeeper held talks with Chelsea officials on Monday where he expressed his desire to find a new club.
A number of top European clubs have been linked with the 33-year-old in recent months but Arsenal have emerged as the favourites with Chelsea goalkeeping coach Christophe Lollichon quoted in the papers as saying that Cech favoured a move to the Emirates as he wants to remain in London where he and his family are settled.
It seems a deal to take the Czech Republic international to North London is close to completion as the Daily Mail are reporting this evening that Chelsea have now agreed to sell Cech to Arsenal for £11m, but only once they’ve signed a suitable replacement.
The newspaper suggests that Jose Mourinho has identified Stoke City’s Asmir Begovic as his No.1 target and is working hard to secure a £10.5m deal for the Bosnian international but with Tottenham also keen, the Portuguese coach has lined-up QPR’s Robert Green as an alternative.
So it seems Cech’s move to Arsenal is now edging ever-closer but they must now wait until Chelsea bring in a new No.2 before the Premier League champions will sign-off the deal.
READ MORE –> Arsenal transfer news | Chelsea transfer news
If it gets completed smoothly, the signing of Cech would be a major coup for Wenger and I think it will make them genuine title challengers next season. The Gunners have been crying out for a top class keeper since the days of Jens Lehmann and there aren’t many better than Cech in European football.
It will be a noble gesture from Roman Abramovich if he rewards Cech for 11 years of loyal service by granting his wish to join a rival, but I just wonder whether they’ll end up regretting it in 12 months time….
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Chelsea have enquired about a transfer deal for Brighton defender
football facts January 16, 2020 January 15, 2020 Comments Off on Chelsea have enquired about a transfer deal for Brighton defender
Chelsea have reportedly enquired about a transfer deal for Brighton defender Lewis Dunk, who is valued at around £50million.
The England international has been a rock-solid player for Brighton in recent times, and could surely now be kind enough to make the step up to a bigger club.
Chelsea could do with a player like him at the back, and the Times claim they’ve asked Brighton about a move for Lewis Dunk as they’re finally cleared to make signings again this January.
The report claims Dunk could leave for around £50m, and that could end up being a bargain for Chelsea, who should be able to comfortably afford that kind of price.
If they can land the 28-year-old defender, he’d surely be an upgrade on unconvincing performers like Andreas Christensen and Kurt Zouma, who’ve not really taken the opportunities handed to them by Frank Lampard this campaign.
Chelsea have also been massively linked with Bournemouth centre-back Nathan Ake in recent times by the Telegraph, though this move has not materialised.
If they cannot seal a return for their former player, Lewis Dunk would no doubt be an excellent alternative.
Chelsea Lewis Dunk
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medicine Research integrity
Collages by Paul Workman, from the Golden Age of Biological Imaging
Before biology became digital, with its -omics and big data, there were mostly gels and microscopy images. The peak of image use in biomedical papers was reached at the turn of the century, those became the golden times of Photoshop-assisted data manipulation. To celebrate that period, I selected an example of the British cancer researcher Paul Workman, President and CEO of the huge Institute of Cancer Research (ICR) in London.
Before biology became digital, with its -omics and big data, there were mostly gels and microscopy images. The peak of image use in biomedical papers was reached at the turn of the century, those became the golden times of Photoshop-assisted data manipulation. Not many suspected that scientists would sit at their computers digitally cloning gel bands inside gel images, stitching seemingly continuous figure panels from various, often unrelated gels, erasing image background and fragments which might have spoiled the narrative, or reusing old published pictures as new results. Many of the authors of such manipulated papers are meanwhile professors and directors of institutes, some also act as academic editors of scholarly journals. Nothing can touch them now, all they have to do when fingers are pointed on internet, is to sit it out until the evidence of misconduct turns into entertaining anecdotes of their wild youth.
These Millennial years, which became the Golden Age of Biological Imaging is why PubPeer is overflowing with evidence of grossly manipulated data from the period around late 1990ies till around 2010. It is not that scientists became more honest since, but they sure became more difficult to catch on data rigging. For one reason, gross image reuse or manipulation is rare these days, after the warning stories of research misconduct became widely known. Scientists probably returned to manipulating data the old way, by tweaking the experimental conditions or rigging samples in the lab. You can’t get caught on that until a colleague blows a whistle, and Academia has its long-honed ways of swiftly dealing with such despicable rat-finks. The other reason why evidence of data manipulation will soon become rare, is digitalisation of biological analytic technologies. As long as noone can force you to release your original gene expression analyses, microscopy files, code or spreadsheet quantifications, it is all up to your ingenuity. After all, your data is just a row of numbers, no IT or Photoshop skills needed there.
To celebrate the past Golden Age of Biological Imaging, I selected an example of the British cancer researcher Paul Workman, President and CEO of the huge Institute of Cancer Research (ICR) in Sutton, which is in greater London and part of the University of London. Workman, a Fellow of the Royal Society of Chemistry, received many awards and much funding thanks to his work on the heatshock protein 90 (HSP90), which his papers reliably validated as a druggable cancer target. Prof Workman is about to cure cancer, and indeed, his preclinical research on HSP90 has moved into clinical trials.
Now look at these figures from Workman lab, in the papers Banerji et al, Cancer Chemotherapy and Pharmacology, 2008 and Sain et al, Molecular Cancer Therapeutics 2006, both dealing with the anti-cancer activity of HSP90 inhibitor 17-allylamino-17-demethoxygeldanamycin. So many bands look suspiciously similar that you just stand in disbelief and do not know where to look first. The bands were apparently not just cloned inside same gel image, but also across different figures in two different papers. Why did the authors do that? Is it because the experiments didn’t work out as they expected, and needed to be nudged a tiny bit into the right direction? Or was it to save time, because their genius scientific minds knew exactly which result to expect, and this is why these scientists will easily reproduce it 10 or 12 years later, should the journals ask for a correction?
Band duplications inside gels and across papers highlighted with coloured boxes. Source: PubPeer.
Udai Banerji, the first author of the older paper, works in Workman’s ICR and even featured on BBC. Sadly, he talked there about curing cancer and did not explain how to generate convincing western blot figures on a computer, which can then be then used for publication in medical journals and in this way to scare cancers into regression.
The Sain et al 2006 paper is indeed a piece of work, do visit the corresponding PubPeer page. Workman is its penultimate author, which means his lab was key collaborator. The last author on Sain et al 2006 is Ann Jackman, now emeritus professor at ICR, she is in turn penultimate author on the, well, “related” Banerji et al 2008 paper. This for example, is the Figure 6 from Sain et al 2006. No more mere band duplications indeed. It appears like the entire gel for C-RAF or p-ERK or AKT or mTOR shows the same band cloned 9 times in a row.
No words. Source: PubPeer.
Similar case with Figure 7. Here, the PubPeer sleuth gave up labelling cloned bands and simply wrote for ERK and GAPDH blots “All bands same“. Those are, as above, loading controls, so it is to be expected that a friendly journal editor will dismiss them as irrelevant. Yet the loading control is probably the most important part of an analytic gel, without it all “main” results become pointless (read more here). Even if those other bands were not cloned also, which in this Workman paper, they very much excessively look like.
No words either. Source: PubPeer.
Did noone really notice anything? Maybe this poor overworked man Workman was just unlucky with those two papers, and 2006-2008 was a difficult, crazy time for him? Well, here is a paper from 2010, again on HSP90 inhibitors: Gaspar et al, Molecular Cancer Therapeutics 2010.
One blank gel is as good as another. It can be used as stand in for all experiments where authors expected to see no signal anyway. Source: PubPeer
The journal Molecular Cancer Therapeutics is published by AACR, the American Association for Cancer Research. It is the biggest and the most important cancer society in the world. Also the journal Clinical Cancer Research is published by AACR, and here Workman placed a collaborative paper Pacey et al 2011 which last author is Ian Judson, meanwhile retired ICR professor. The paper is also about HSP90 inhibitor, and again it scientifically proves that pharmacological HSP90 inhibition causes western blot gel band duplication.
Neighbouring bands, apparently boldly duplicated. Source: PubPeer
There is even more on PubPeer. Workman built a spectacular academic and clinical career on HSP90 inhibitors, which now entered clinical trials because of his very convincing laboratory research shown above. The ICR President’s example shows how quickly basic cell biology research in the lab with its western blots and microscopy, can lead to actual clinical trials with hundreds of patients. Here are Workman’s own words from 2014:
“An example of an innovative approach to tackle resistance is the discovery and development of Hsp90 inhibitors – a totally new type of drug that we, and only a few other research centres worldwide, have pioneered. These inhibitors have the exciting ability to target several different cancer molecular weaknesses at once, and so can overcome or even prevent drug resistance.
It took costly, high-risk research to develop Hsp90 inhibitors and they have progressed from being a poorly appreciated drug target to one of the most actively pursued in the drug industry today. Leading Hsp90 inhibitors have shown very encouraging results in trials of patients with HER2-positive breast cancers that have become resistant to trastuzumab and patients with non-small cell lung cancer who have become resistant to the widely used molecular targeted drugs erlotinib and crizotinib.
It would be very disappointing if this sort of innovation is not rewarded when it comes to deciding if the NHS will pay so that patients can benefit”.
Maybe his burning desire to save cancer patients and convince NHS to pay for the HSP90 inhibitor therapies was what caused such a corner-cutting hurry in Workman’s lab? Should drugs enter clinical trials based on “creatively” produced laboratory data? What if the trial participants, who are desperate cancer patients hoping for a cure, knew how the published preclinical data was really obtained?
We’re proud to honour people who've helped the Cumbrian community; Prof Paul Workman for his contribution to cancer research pic.twitter.com/adx4EVUgqM
— Uni of Cumbria (@CumbriaUni) July 19, 2017
Now, aside of journals, whom should one complain to about all this? To ICR and its director Workman, with the request for him to investigate his own papers? That would be interesting. To Cancer Research UK which funds ICR? Maybe not such a good idea, they saw no problem giving charity money to one of most notorious zombie scientists around, Silvana Bulfone Paus.
The bizarre collage works of Workman can be used as teaching material for the excesses of the Millennial years, the Golden Age of Biological Imaging. Because Workman’s published legacy is a piece of work indeed.
Update 4.02.2018. There is an interesting side story how “Clare Francis” came to scrutinise Workman’s literature on heatshock protein inhibitors and alert me to his PubPeer-posted findings. As the pseudonymous sleuth explained:
“The funny bit is that I only looked at Paul Workman’s “work” on HSP90 proteins and cancer after discovering the fakes on HSP60 by Irun Cohen on diabetes! If HSP60 attempts at inhibiting HSP60 did not work it was unlikely that attempts at inhibiting HSP90 would work on another disease. See: https://forbetterscience.com/2017/11/27/how-irun-cohen-and-weizmann-institute-almost-cured-diabetes/”
Tagscancer research • cell biology • Clare Francis • data manipulation • Paul Workman • United Kingdom
43 comments on “Collages by Paul Workman, from the Golden Age of Biological Imaging”
There are also papers with problematic data by the previous CEO of the Institute of Cancer Research, Alan Ashworth, now at UCSF. http://cancer.ucsf.edu/people/profiles/ashworth_alan
” Prior to joining UCSF in January 2015, he served as Chief Executive of the Institute of Cancer Research (ICR) and the Director of the Breakthrough Breast Cancer Research Centre in London, United Kingdom. ”
Some may be simple mistakes, others are more involved.
https://pubpeer.com/publications/22A0D80CF891EEFEB7C23332484780
https://pubpeer.com/publications/CECD3E767BD0AFA9DDB1BA919F663F
https://pubpeer.com/publications/261D475F6640FC59C9A867EC7F5DD2
https://pubpeer.com/publications/40975CCD671ACC13843AC53551942C
https://pubpeer.com/publications/67F39E13B7C8B51E8F8F34D70AFF84
https://pubpeer.com/publications/509134CE1EE1E6A1C7DEA161CB77CB
https://pubpeer.com/publications/C2570E46E89E6746B01CF962D728A8
“The journal Molecular Cancer Therapeutics is published by AACR, the American Association for Cancer Research. It is the biggest and the most important cancer society in the world. Also the journal Clinical Cancer Research is published by AACR, and here Workman placed a collaborative paper Pacey et al 2011 which last author is Ian Judson, meanwhile retired ICR professor.”
According to the journal Molecular Cancer Therapeutics, Paul Workman is one of the two deputy editors
http://mct.aacrjournals.org/site/misc/edboard.xhtml
“Paul Workman
Cancer drug discovery and development; new therapeutic targets; molecular pharmacology; biomarkers; chemical biology and chemical probes.”
There will be a conflict on interest in dealing with the problematic data in 2 papers Paul Workman has published in that journal.
https://pubpeer.com/publications/6571C7894B94AF53DFFCE2D07A92AC
https://pubpeer.com/publications/B9F5526DAA022A24160FFC842D6936
There will also be a conflict of interest in dealing with 2 papers in the journal Cancer Research a sister AACR journal.
https://pubpeer.com/publications/C6FC87A48D3FA4FBE14988F4C7DA6C
https://pubpeer.com/publications/2D08D69E0DA4FD23B55600C9AD42C7
and in a Clin Cancer Research (another AACR journal) paper.
https://pubpeer.com/publications/17381EA586BFAFC02333E53938442F
Mol Cancer Ther. 2006 May;5(5):1197-208.
Potentiation of paclitaxel activity by the HSP90 inhibitor 17-allylamino-17-demethoxygeldanamycin in human ovarian carcinoma cell lines with high levels of activated AKT.
Sain N1, Krishnan B, Ormerod MG, De Rienzo A, Liu WM, Kaye SB, Workman P, Jackman AL.
The Haddow Laboratories, The Institute of Cancer Research, 15 Cotswold Road, Sutton, Surrey SM2 5NG, United Kingdom.
Same GAPDH loading control used for 3 different experiments.
Figures 5 and 6. See: https://imgur.com/E8s4aL3
Clin Cancer Res. 2005 Oct 1;11(19 Pt 1):7023-32.
Pharmacokinetic-pharmacodynamic relationships for the heat shock protein 90 molecular chaperone inhibitor 17-allylamino, 17-demethoxygeldanamycin in human ovarian cancer xenograft models.
Banerji U1, Walton M, Raynaud F, Grimshaw R, Kelland L, Valenti M, Judson I, Workman P.
Cancer Research UK Centre for Cancer Therapeutics, The Institute of Cancer Research, Haddow Laboratories, Sutton, United Kingdom.
Figure 6B. The right 2 lanes (Paclitaxel and carboplatin treatments) of the c-RAF-1 panel do not look like they come from the same blot as the right 2 lanes of the other panels. c-RAF-1 and HSP70 have very similar molecular weights. The vertical slips in the bands most clearly seen in the LCK panel are not apparent in the CDK4 or GAPDH panels.
Figure 6B. https://imgur.com/hi1JMef
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The examples on Pubpeer are staggeringly bad and well past the point of pure arrogance. These people should not have degrees let alone jobs, and to have them in positions of influence is a mockery of scientific aspiration. I had no idea Britain had sunk to the level of a backward nation. At least they still can make a mean nature documentary.
There is an embarrassment of riches.
https://www.amazon.co.uk/Embarrassment-Riches-Interpretation-Culture-Golden/dp/0006861369
Reflects the title of the article, and suggests the question: has the Institute for Cancer Research become bloated on riches not deserved?
blatnoi
These frankengels are really impressive and probably some of the best examples in the genre. I enjoyed going over them over a few coffees. Thanks! It’s too bad that now it’ll be harder to catch, er… ‘performers of excesses’ and it’ll be like my field, where you can make up numbers, and everyone is too busy to check your demanding experiment anyways. But, there is also less money and prestige in my field, so I still believe (perhaps naively) that we’re cleaner.
the Marsden has a culture of protecting its good old boys. fraud there is the norm, and favours for those who go to the best schools too
I have heard echoes of that, but how to quantify?
Walter P
Now with Erler (former ICR) scandal also rolling out:
https://retractionwatch.com/2018/03/22/figures-in-cancer-paper-at-root-of-newly-failed-compound-called-into-question/
Can we believe in anything that is publish in high impact journals nowadays?
Yes. But there must be zero tolerance towards fraud, also there is similar or more fraud in other journals.
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J Biol Chem. 2003 May 2;278(18):16059-72. Epub 2003 Feb 17.
The histone deacetylase 9 gene encodes multiple protein isoforms.
Kevin Petrie‡, Fabien Guidez‡, Louise Howell‡, Lyn Healy‡, Samuel Waxman§, Mel Greaves‡ and Arthur Zelent‡¶
From the ‡Leukemia Research Fund Centre at the Institute of Cancer Research, London SW3 6JB, United Kingdom and the §Department of Medicine, Mount Sinai Medical Centre, New York, New York 10029.
PMID: 12590135 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.M212935200
Figure 6B.
Mol Cell Biol. 2005 Jul;25(13):5552-66.
Histone acetyltransferase activity of p300 is required for transcriptional repression by the promyelocytic leukemia zinc finger protein.
Guidez F1, Howell L, Isalan M, Cebrat M, Alani RM, Ivins S, Hormaeche I, McConnell MJ, Pierce S, Cole PA, Licht J, Zelent A.
Fabien Guidez 1,†, Louise Howell 1, Mark Isalan 2, Marek Cebrat 3,4, Rhoda M. Alan i5, Sarah Ivins 1, Itsaso Hormaeche 6, Melanie J. McConnell 6, Sarah Pierce 1, Philip A. Cole 3, Jonathan Licht 6 and Arthur Zelent 1,*
1Section of Haemato-Oncology, Institute of Cancer Research, Chester Beatty Laboratories, 237 Fulham Road, London SW3 6JB, United Kingdom
2EMBL Heidelberg, Meyerhofstrasse 1, D-69117 Heidelberg, Germany
3Department of Pharmacology and Molecular Sciences, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland 21205
4Faculty of Chemistry, University of Wroclaw, 50-383 Wroclaw, Poland
5Sidney Kimmel Comprehensive Cancer Center, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland 21205
6Division of Hematology/Oncology, Department of Medicine, Mount Sinai School of Medicine, New York, New York 10029.
Figure 3D. https://imgur.com/2aJ0w4w
Figure 6A. https://imgur.com/1WDvX4x
Figure 3D.
Figure 6A.
http://www.rsc.org/ScienceAndTechnology/Awards/Sosnovsky/2010Winner.asp
“Professor Workman’s interdisciplinary research team has been responsible for, or associated with, several innovative new drugs entering the clinic and has identified fourteen development candidates over the last five years. These include the HSP90 molecular chaperone inhibitor NVP-AUY922 and the PI3 kinase inhibitor GDC-0941.”
Most of the papers with image manipulation are about HSP90 inhibitors.
You’d think that the Royal Society of Chemistry would look before it leaps.
This happened after the story came out.
https://www.icr.ac.uk/news-archive/cancer-researchers-visit-the-palace-to-receive-major-prize-for-pioneering-precision-medicine-discoveries
Prince Charles is famous for liking all things “organic”, how the field was ploughed, how the seed was sown, the processes by which the manure was made, so why doesn’t His Royal Highness ask Paul Workman to see his primary data on HSP90 inhibitors?
https://www.icr.ac.uk/news-archive/broadcaster-victoria-derbyshire-and-former-cancer-research-uk-ceo-sir-harpal-kumar-awarded-honorary-doctorates
ICR is very media savvy, especially by cleaving a BBC Broadcaster to its bosom.
why doesn’t Victoria Derbyshire ask to see Paul Workman’s primary data on HSP90 inhibitors?
Why is ICR awarding Sir Harpal Kumar an honorary doctorate?
“Sir Harpal has a long list of achievements spanning his career in cancer research institutes” is a euphemism. Is not the same thing as doing science in cancer institutes. He has only ever been an administrator.
Rix Rictor
Because he has been feeding them money for years and helped cover up many scandals including sexual harassment, scientific misconduct, illegal dismissals, corrupted financial handlings etc. There is evidence for all of this.
Channel 4. http://www.channel4.com/programmes/faking-it/
Intrepid volunteers are plucked from their natural habitat and given four weeks to master a skill well enough to fool a panel of expert judges.
Workman has fooled the panel of experts that he has mastered the skill of western blots. What was his natural habitat?
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2018 retraction of Mol Cancer Ther. 2006 May;5(5):1197-208.
2018 retraction notice.
http://mct.aacrjournals.org/content/17/9/2075
This article (1) is being retracted at the request of the authors. The work is in two main parts. The first part is a description of the relevant characteristics of the human ovarian cancer cell lines used and an analysis of the efficacy of the combination of the HSP90 inhibitor 17-AAG with paclitaxel and carboplatin. The latter part shows the effect of the single agents and drug combinations on HSP90 client proteins and downstream effectors. All of the experiments in the article were carried out in the laboratory of the senior author A.L. Jackman. It has been brought to our attention that in the second part of the article, Figs. 5A, 5B, 6, 7, and 8 contained inappropriately assembled Western blots. N. Sain performed the experiments and processed the data and has taken primary responsibility for the flawed figures. The authors wish to sincerely apologize to the scientific community and deeply regret any inconveniences or challenges resulting from the publication and subsequent retraction of this article.
©2018 American Association for Cancer Research.
1.↵Sain N, Krishnan B, Ormerod MG, De Rienzo A, Liu WM, Kaye SB, et al. Potentiation of paclitaxel activity by the HSP90 inhibitor 17-allylamino-17-demethoxygeldanamycin in human ovarian carcinoma cell lines with high levels of activated AKT. Mol Cancer Ther 2006;5:1197–208.
“N. Sain performed the experiments and processed the data and has taken primary responsibility for the flawed figures.” Blaming downwards. Is that line going to be used for any other corrections, retractions?
Also wtf is “primary responsibility” the corresponding author got FULL RESPONSIBILITY.
2018 Paul Workman correction of Cancer Chemother Pharmacol. 2008 Oct;62(5):769-78 raises more concerns. Request RSC rescind prize.
Cancer Chemother Pharmacol. 2008 Oct;62(5):769-78. doi: 10.1007/s00280-007-0662-x. Epub 2008 Jan 10.
6 comments on PubPeer (by: Tecticornia Arbuscula, Polygonatum Involucratum, Ann L Jackman, U. Banerji, Sicarius Tropicus)
An in vitro and in vivo study of the combination of the heat shock protein inhibitor 17-allylamino-17-demethoxygeldanamycin and carboplatin in human ovarian cancer models.
Banerji U1, Sain N, Sharp SY, Valenti M, Asad Y, Ruddle R, Raynaud F, Walton M, Eccles SA, Judson I, Jackman AL, Workman P.
Correction to: An in vitro and in vivo study of the combination of the heat shock protein inhibitor 17-allylamino-17-demethoxygeldanamycin and carboplatin in human ovarian cancer models. [Cancer Chemother Pharmacol. 2018]
See: https://pubpeer.com/publications/875E1FD257C3F8CFB9BCF521B4B79D#6
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kitestep
esearch team has been responsible for, or associated with, several innovative new drugs entering the clinic and has identified fourteen development candidates over the last five years. These include the HSP90 molecular chaperone inhibitor NVP-AUY922 and the PI3 kinase inhibitor GDC-0941.”
Luminespib (INN,[2] previously known as NVP-AUY922) is an experimental drug candidate for the treatment of cancer. It was discovered through a collaboration between The Institute of Cancer Research and the pharmaceutical company Vernalis[3] and licensed to Novartis..[..]….
A related compound, NVP-HSP990, was abandoned by Novartis in 2012 after it failed to show efficacy in an early clinical trial.[6]
For GDC-0941 the trail seems to have gone cold or am I missing something?
https://clinicaltrials.gov/ct2/show/results/NCT00876109
Golden age British painting.
https://www.molbiolcell.org/doi/10.1091/mbc.e03-12-0902
Mol Biol Cell. 2004 Jun;15(6):2707-19.
Endothelin-1 Promotes Myofibroblast Induction through the ETA Receptor via a rac/Phosphoinositide 3-Kinase/Akt-dependent Pathway and Is Essential for the Enhanced Contractile Phenotype of Fibrotic Fibroblasts
This is the final version – click for previous version
Xu Shi-Wen, Yunliang Chen, Christopher P. Denton, Mark Eastwood, Elisabetta A. Renzoni, George Bou-Gharios, Jeremy D. Pearson, Michael Dashwood, Roland M. du Bois, Carol M. Black, Andrew Leask, and David J Abraham
Carol M Black=https://www.cam.ac.uk/women-at-cambridge/profiles/carol-black
J Biol Chem. 2004 May 28;279(22):23098-103. Epub 2004 Mar 23.
Endothelin-1 induces expression of matrix-associated genes in lung fibroblasts through MEK/ERK.
Xu SW1, Howat SL, Renzoni EA, Holmes A, Pearson JD, Dashwood MR, Bou-Gharios G, Denton CP, du Bois RM, Black CM, Leask A, Abraham DJ.
Centre for Rheumatology, Department of Medicine, Royal Free and University College London, United Kingdom.
https://www.icr.ac.uk/blogs/the-bigger-picture/page-details/how-ai-technologies-can-learn-how-to-spot-and-visualise-cancer
“Visual messages have high impact. A picture speaks louder than a thousand words.”
Why wait for artificial intelligence when we can see the problematic data now?
Cell. 1999 Jan 8;96(1):35-45.
Bcl10 is involved in t(1;14)(p22;q32) of MALT B cell lymphoma and mutated in multiple tumor types.
Willis TG1, Jadayel DM, Du MQ, Peng H, Perry AR, Abdul-Rauf M, Price H, Karran L, Majekodunmi O, Wlodarska I, Pan L, Crook T, Hamoudi R, Isaacson PG, Dyer MJ.
Academic Department of Haematology and Cytogenetics, Institute of Cancer Research, Sutton, Surrey, United Kingdom.
https://pubpeer.com/publications/60F16F162FFEC7B369B77BDEB8AB78
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September 18, 2019 September 26, 2019 Freedom Forward Dictator Dollars, Saudi Arabia, UN, Yemen
Media: “Petition and Critics of Khashoggi Killing Heap Pressure on U.N.-Saudi Event” | Inter Press Service
“Petition and Critics of Khashoggi Killing Heap Pressure on U.N.-Saudi Event,” James Reinl, Inter Press Service, September 18, 2019 "Sunjeev Bery, director of Freedom Forward, which launched the petition, said bin Salman should be blackballed over Khashoggi’s killing, Saudi-led military operations in Yemen’s civil war and other human rights abuses. 'The trustees of the New … Continue reading Media: “Petition and Critics of Khashoggi Killing Heap Pressure on U.N.-Saudi Event” | Inter Press Service
September 18, 2019 September 26, 2019 Freedom Forward Media, Saudi Arabia, Yemen
Media: “Why is New York’s most famous library getting into bed with the Saudi crown prince?” | The Guardian
"This is an important moment for us."
Media: “NYPL Cancels Event Co-Hosted By Saudi Crown Prince’s Charity, Following Outcry” | Gothamist
"NYPL Cancels Event Co-Hosted By Saudi Crown Prince's Charity, Following Outcry," Jake Offenhartz, Gothamist, Sept. 18, 2019" “The NYPL should never have agreed to host the Saudi dictator's fake charity to begin with, and certainly not while the Saudi monarchy is slaughtering thousands in Yemen,” Sunjeev Bery, executive director of Freedom Forward, a human rights … Continue reading Media: “NYPL Cancels Event Co-Hosted By Saudi Crown Prince’s Charity, Following Outcry” | Gothamist
September 4, 2019 September 4, 2019 Freedom Forward Dictator Dollars, Saudi Arabia, UN
Media: “U.N. Criticised for Link-up with Saudi Prince MBS” | Inter Press Service
"... misguided U.N. staff are absurdly giving the crown prince a public relations platform as he attempts to wipe away the blood of so many dead Yemeni children."
-- Sunjeev Bery, Executive Director, Freedom Foward
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White House blocks key impeachment witness, Gordon Sondland from testifying
Andrew West October 8, 2019
Today, the White House drew a very distinct line in the sand, one that Democrats will need to cross in order to compete their “formal impeachment inquiry”.
From the very onset of this latest foray into nullifying the 2016 election, Democratic leaders have begun an inquiry into Donald Trump’s alleged wrongdoing in the case of Ukraine, but without any sort of vote to authorize the escalation.
It is this fact that has the White House defying Congress, as they previously stated that no such inquiry would have the authority necessary to pierce their surroundings without a vote in The House to empower it.
So now, as House Committees fully expected US Ambassador Gordon Sondland to testify today, the White House has pulled the plug.
U.S. Ambassador to the European Union Gordon Sondland, who was scheduled to be interviewed by Congress Tuesday as part of the ongoing impeachment inquiry, was ordered not to appear for his deposition by the the State Department, according to a statement issued by his attorney. Sondland was mentioned in the original whistleblower complaint and a key witness to the Trump-Ukraine dealings.
Sondland’s lawyer, Robert Luskin said in the statement that Sondland “is profoundly disappointed that he will not be able to testify today” and went on to say that the ambassador had traveled from Brussels for the testimony and made arrangements with the Joint Committee staff to appear. Sondland “believes strongly that he acted at all times in the best interests of the United States” and remains ready to testify “on short notice,” Luskin said.
Democrats have earlier stated that any such “stonewalling” would be considered “obstruction of Congress”, and would subject the President and his administration to further articles of impeachment being introduced.
Donald TrumpimpeachmentukraineWhite House
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The identity of the Casefile host: why I deleted his dark secret
February 5, 2018 March 12, 2019 freshlyworded
One of the most stunning podcast success stories in recent years, is Casefile, a true crime podcast started just over two years ago by a mystery Australian bloke “from a spare room in his house”.
(For a follow up on this post click here).
Narrated anonymously, his distinctive Australian drawl has added an element of creepiness to tales drenched in blood. Every week hundreds of thousands of listeners, indeed sometimes many millions, download or stream the latest Casefile podcast.
With this viral success, the podcast has quickly become a slick, commercial venture with advertising, a creepy soundtrack and professional production qualities.
A team of engineers, producers, composers and researchers have sprung up around the Casefile creator and host.
But his identity – like the perpetrators of the unsolved crimes retold on the podcast – remains a closely guarded secret.
In an interview with Vice.com in October 2016, the Casefile host said he wanted to remain anonymous so that he could “stay out of the story and “let the facts speak for themselves”.
“I’m just a random Aussie guy, in my spare bedroom, running a podcast,” he said modestly.
As a naturally curious journalist, I decided to take up the challenge and try to found out who the Casefile host was.
It wasn’t really hard – if you know where to look.
(For top tips on how to work out his identity, read my follow-up blog here).(For top tips on how to work out his identity, read my follow-up blog here).
Indeed, for someone who wanted to remain anonymous, he didn’t seem to be making much of an effort to hide his identity.
And so last week, I ran a story, briefly, on this blog revealing his identity.
If you were one of the 100 or so people who read the post, you would know who he is and would have seen his photograph.
Soon after it was published and Tweeted and Facebooked, the Casefile host contacted me and asked me not to reveal his identity and to remove the post and all my social media about it.
I was bemused by his reaction, as I thought his anonymity was a “marketing gimmick” and that it if a blogger like me revealed it would not make any difference to the show or how it is presented. Indeed many of his fans crave to know who he is.
But no, he told me, it had nothing to do with marketing but affected his “real world life” and his “ability to do the show”.
In the end I took it down.
He told me that if no damage had been done to his anonymity and the show could continue, he would consider doing an interview with me.
I’ve sent over a few thought-provoking questions…let’s see what happens.
Of course, I remain intrigued as to why his anonymity is so vital to the show’s viability. No other podcasts I know of has anonymous narrators.
In fact, most successful podcast creators, like the hosts of the ground breaking Serial have become famous in their own right.
And so while the Casefile host insists on not making his identity part of the murderous stories he tells, for me, his identity has, ironically, become the story.
As, I think it always has been for many of his faithful listeners.
Categories: Crime, Journalism and media, Politics Tags: anonymous host, casefile, itunes, podcasts, stitcher, true crime
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28 thoughts on “The identity of the Casefile host: why I deleted his dark secret”
freshlyworded says:
Thanks for your thoughtful and intelligent response. Funnily enough my wife made the same remark this morning.
stetcetera says:
Unfortunately, revealing the Casefile creator and host’s identity—against his sincerely expressed wishes—is to be expected from wannabe journalists who look to gossipy, lowbrow periodicals like Rolling Stone for inspiration. These publications and their contributors profit from and revel in invading and disrespecting the privacy of their articles’ subjects—driven particularly by hopes of finding something sordid to embellish and present to their readership.
That said, thank you for having the decency to pull the article after host “Brad” so politely requested you do so.
It was very good of you to take down the article when he asked.
I was also curious about who this fellow Aussie was, now after seeing his response to you doxxing him I agree his identity should remain completely anonymous.
Perhaps he’s a police officer, this would directly affect his ability to earn a living should your post out him.
Furthermore, your identity tidbits should be removed also for this reason – was it really necessary to add those in ? it’s like a passive aggressive way of sticking it to him when from what I can see, he has been quite reasonable and accommodating with his requests.
He creates great content – just let it be move on.
ozgirl19 says:
This is the most lowbrow, passive aggressive post I’ve had the displeasure to read. I hardly think Serial or that disaster of a host is something for Casefile to model.
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Sbc says:
I’m actually not sure I believe a word of this. I think you’ve just made this up for clicks and make yourself look like a fantastic buy gracious journalist. Not buying it sorry!
It’s all true. Whether u believe it or not.
Damien says:
Hey dude, loved the article I don’t see how you did anything wrong here and kudos to you for taking it down though.
You say it’s not hard of you know where to start or look… Any suggestions for an equally curious minded person?
Thanks Damien, appreciate that. Drop me an email if u like….
M. L. (@ribeyecut) says:
I used to listen to a bad-movie podcast called Yeah It’s That Bad several years ago. It was hosted by three friends who wanted to remain anonymous because they didn’t want it to impact their professional lives. Anyway, a random listener revealed their identities on her blog. They asked her to take down the info, but she refused. They pulled the plug on their show shortly thereafter. They say it was getting to the point where they were just too busy to keep up with the show, but I’m still upset by how it all went down.
Emmy-Lou says:
Yeah his name is Bradley Patrick Dean as noted on the Sole Trader Public ABN for “Casefile Ture Crime” spelling mistake correct.
I thought to look here because, in my mind all that advertising revenue has to be declared (benefit of working in accounting and having an analytical mind).
Don’t know why he’s so uptight about his identity, as you said, the victims of the crimes he discusses don’t have that luxury.
I did a search for him months ago and from memory (though I can’t find it know) he was employed by a finance company in a senior position, so don’t even know how the podcast would affect that line of employment, but from my experience, accountants can be rather uptight.
Thanks Emmy-Lou. An uptight accountant. ha ha never thought of that one!
Dean Wilson says:
I actually think he might be scared of repercussions. He says he doesn’t pull any punches? That’s not true as all he does it repeat fact. He may try to dig deep via research etc or attempt to contact people so perhaps he is worried about anything that may come back to him. I don’t know how is identity would kill his business? How so? People would still listen. It’s the anonymity that creates the curiosity and adds to the show and he knows that so perhaps that’s another reason. Anyway I love the show and don’t really care about his identity but note there are 2 versions, Bradley Mark Dean and Bradley Patrick Dean? Is he trying to put this to bed LOL?
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I appreciate that you posted the original info. I feel like his anonymity is the silliest schtick and I’ve lost a lot of respect for Casefile because of it. Journalists should be held accountable for their reporting and instead, he gets to hide behind a mask of anonymity. What other journalists get to do that? If he is “unable to earn” because of the podcast then his participation is problematic. He’s created a platform that others rely on for work that is DEPENDENT on his anonymity. Why would you do that to your crew?. If creating the podcast requires him to participate illegally (conflict of interest, tax evasion, avoiding childcare payments (???idk!) (I can’t imagine what stupidity he’d have to be involved in for this podcast to effect his “ability to earn”) or lord knows what else) then he shouldn’t be doing it. Period. I think the real reason for his anonymity must be that it creates public interest and earns the pod more followers. Good on you for digging into this, I’d love to find out who this dude is and why he feels like he deserves to be masked. I really want to find out who he is now….
ALSO, generally the intent of “doxxing” is to post a person’s private info so that they can be harassed or made to feel threatened by online communities. I once witnessed a man in a climbing thread get doxxed so that others could write bad reviews on his business page, it was so sad and awful. What you did is not equivalent. I think finding information that he has publicly posted on social media is a liberal way to define “doxxing”.
Thanks for the great comment Bee. I appreciate the feedback.
Jake The Snake says:
This appears to be his linked in profile:
https://au.linkedin.com/in/bradley-dean-3b475526
Wrong guy mate
Yeah his business is based in NSW according to the CO lookup. This is an 07 number and he looks older than the host sounds IMO
D4rez says:
He is either a lawyer or a property company director from what I can tell, am I close?
I really have no idea about his profession. I thought maybe he had been in the army or worked in fitness, like a gym instructor
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Gupta says:
Here is another.
Him being anonymous is a large reason I enjoy his show. I think it makes the show special. So why question it or dig? So many podcast hosts spend so much time talking about themselves and how well they have done because of the podcast. Casefile is the opposite of that. Why ruin it?? I’ve been turned off from podcasts when the hosts spend the first 20 minutes discussing their own life (i.e. My Favorite Murder). Everyone enjoys something different. And in response to “Bee” above…even if he is being anonymous to create public interest…good for him! It is working! He isn’t benefiting from it in the way he is getting celebrity status or being praised because people love the podcast but have no idea who to praise. He is being modest if anything. He is trying to make it about the cases not about himself. Funny because even you are wanting to know more about him. Sucks you in right? As for his “crew” most people know what they are getting into when they start a job like this. I am sure they didn’t start blindly unaware of what the job would entitle and I am sure they enjoy what they do and are getting paid nicely for it. This is so complex because everyone is just so into this guy and yet so ready to attack. I wish I had a better understanding of why. Maybe I am the naive but I just dont understand the goal of finding out who he is.
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Home biography Ariane De Vogue
Ariane De Vogue Biography
Facts of Ariane De Vogue
Quick Timeline of Ariane De Vogue
1985 Ariane as Actress
2014 Appeared on the TV Show
2010 Joined Twitter
2015 Joined CNN
Detail Timeline of Ariane De Vogue
Ariane as Actress
Actress Ariane de Vogue came to limelight with the movie "Sylvester" and TV show "At This Hour". In the year 1985, she starred in the film “Sylvester” as Ariane which was directed by Tim Hunter.
Appeared on the TV Show
De Vogue appearedA in the TV show "At This Hour" as reporter Ariane up to 4 episodes, the series was produced by Marie Malzberg and David Brown.
Joined Twitter
Ariane de Vogue joined twitter in march 2010. She has got more than 6 thousand and seven hundred followers on twitter. She actively keeps in touch with her fan followers.
Joined CNN
All time famous journalist De vogue joined CNN served as a reporter, covering the Supreme Court and legal issues, chronicling everything from breaking news about the major ruling to the evolving politics of personality among the justice.
Before starting her career at CNN, Ariane was an investigative producer for ABC News, where she worked on the stories, behind the screens. There, Ariane covered several stories related to terrorism and the aftermath of September 11th; the presidential impeachment proceedings, campaign finance regulations and legal challenges during the national election. However, Ariane later left ABC news claiming the channel never credited her for her endeavors and joined CNN.
As of 2017, De Vogue is working as a reporter for CNN covering the supreme Court and legal issues. Besides, she also writes about the supreme court and legal issues covering all the breaking news spanning over the justice team and worldwide reporting. Along with this, De vogue has covered the sudden death of Associate Justice of the Supreme Court, Antonin Scalia and the nomination of Judges Merricks garland and Neil Gorsuch to the Supreme Court, and also the groundbreaking Supreme Court decision on gay marriage, health care, religious freedom, and abortion.
Talking about her personal life, De Vogue is the mother of two kids. However, she has not so far opened up about the father to her child or whether if she is married. Besides, she has also not so far been indulged in any kind of rumors regarding her affair or relationship status.
Talking about her economic aspect, she earns a salary around $88,270 annually as a journalist at CNN. Besides, her appearance as an actress in movies like Sylvester and At This Hour is the other source of income that adds up to her net worth.
Related Posts on Ariane De Vogue
Meteorologist Dylan Dreyer's Net Worth; Her Salary, House, Career and More
Nidhina Khanal
Where does Ray Romano Live Now? Know his Career, Net Worth and Awards
Himadri Hamal
Big Brother's Brian Dowling nearing his first marriage anniversary with husband Arthur Gourounlian
Rabina Koirala
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Because "well, they were both drunk, so..." comes up so often in discussions about rape...
By Xuzi, June 4, 2016 in The Chat Board
OKBud 32,080
cylon lover
Sometimes I think about that song, "Baby it's cold outside". It really has a very rapey, very "no means yes" messae, yet is widely acceptable. Aain, she is the gate keeper, and he is supposed to break down the gate...a legitimate pursuit apparently.
hahaha I love how you randomly brought up that song. It's so *nice* to sing. So pleasant to hear.
And the you hear it. And you're like naw, man. She said she's got to fracking go!
Oh man what is the other one. It's so FUN but it's awful...oh shoot stand by. It's like the girl is real young....It's a motown-era song... Oh shoot! It's on the tip of my tongue.
Bluegoat 28,464
Hive Mind Queen Bee
I don't think it is adaquate to leave it at - this is the fault of the rapist. This kind of scenario is common enough that some colleges have looked at simply banning these kinds of parties - they seem to be a problem in themselves. I don't think it makes any sense to ignore scenarios that seem for some reason to be hotbeds of crime either they are situations that attract predators, make people especially vulnerable, or encourage people to make worse decisions than they would normally. I suspect that in the case of frat parties, and similar types of scenarios (I've seen military parties with a very similar atmosphere,) all of those things are going on. The situation makes people vulnerable and so that attracts real predators, and the nature of the situation (substance abuse, lots of sex, peer pressure) tend to mean people behave in ways they normally don't and it also tends to normalize that behavior.
SparklyUnicorn 70,565
Beekeeping Professor
I just wonder at the mindset of some of these rapists. Something is very wrong there. I imagine it wouldn't be that difficult to find someone willing to have sex. So that they are doing this crap takes on a whole crazy meaning in my mind. Like they get some crappy thrill out of taking what they are not willingly given.
TechWife 26,160
LocationSunny Southeastern US
Ravin, I am especially interested in your thoughts. What is the difference between victim blaming, and recognizing that the victim did in fact have some responsibility--in this imperfect world--to retain control of her judgment and functioning in order to keep herself safe? Is there a difference?
Do you know for a fact that she would have been able to keep herself safe if she had been sober? No, no you do not. You assume too much.
Danestress 5,157
Apprentice Bee Keeper
The rapist wasn't a member of the fraternity, the victim wasn't even a Stanford student, and the rape did not happen inside the frat house. I'm not a fan of the whole "collective responsibility" concept that Stanford uses to punish Greek organizations when a single member misbehaves, but this tragedy doesn't even fall under that.
The drinking and party happened at a frat house and the frat was serving alcohol to minors. So I guess that's why frats get mentioned.
But wait? She wasn't a student at Stanford? Well, now I seriously don't care as much what happened.
Edited June 5, 2016 by Danestress
I guess I would just say that at least I can still control my own driving, if I'm not drunk, and might have a better chance of avoiding said deranged semi driver. You're right that I wouldn't bear responsibility for getting mowed into, regardless, but I would have a greater chance of it not happening if I was not also impaired. Right? Or is that just obvious and not necessary (and/or too offensive) to say?
Not necessarily. Speed, direction, control all play a factor in an auto accident. You can't control any of that from the other driver. Most accidents don't involve an impaired driver. That doesn't mean they could have been avoided by the driver who was not at fault. I've been in an accident where I didn't even see the other car coming and they slammed into me at 60 mph. So, no. Sometimes you have no chance no matter what.
The ones that need to follow the rules are the rapists. Focus on them, and on teaching men what consent means. Leave the victims the hell alone.
I couldn't agree with you more!
I don't know - is it wrong to try and convince someone that something is a good idea? Are people never really wanting to do one thing while they feel they ought to do another?
There are a lot of songs about girls who are around 16 or so - we'd consider them way to young now to be the romantic object in a song, but it used to be really common, and girls not much older than that got married. The one I find really creeps me out is by Rod Stewart, and doesn't actually mention an age - he just sounds so creepy.
HomeAgain 15,568
Ugh..
Off topic, just thinking aloud about rape culture in America.
I just have to point out that given the history of the song, you have it a bit off. It was a tongue-in-cheek bit written by a wife/husband to be performed for their close friends, with the designation of "mouse" and "wolf". It grew from there. Not a rape culture song.
More to the point would be Blurred Lines, and no, that song is not widely acceptable. It was condemned from the moment it went on the radio.
I have a hard time figuring out what 'rape culture' is without also dissecting Christianity's role in it.
I don't know - is it wrong to try and convince someone that something is a good idea? .
"Are you rhetorically asking if it is always wrong to try to convince people to do things?" OKBud asked, rhetorically.
It was obvious OKBud knew Cabra Azul knew the answer to that willfully obtuse question was no. Nein. Negative.
It was also obvious to OKBud, though, that Bluegoat probably doesn't think it's copacetic to pressure people into being intimate with you when they are reticent to do so. She thought back....Blue Goat was a kind woman, who endeavored to be helpful to those in need, and interesting in casual conversation.
So OKBud wondered: why was Blue Goat asking that question at that time, in that context at all?
She hoped the Canadian would elucidate her meaning in a cohesive way. She remembered that Blue Goat had studied philosophy, though and wondered if her forum peer merely asked questions for the sake of asking them?
Edited June 5, 2016 by OKBud
poppy 20,381
Qualified Bee Keeper
Just moving away from the issue of victim blaming...
I have deep problems with the idea that public shaming and sex offender registry status are good tools of punishment in general. Both have consequences and do stop people from getting jobs, finding housing, etc. etc. However, both are also deeply problematic - public shaming for all kinds of reasons but in this case because it implies that a court can cede its job to the internet mob or conversely that if a court does a poor job (or a good one but we disagree!) then the internet mob is a rightful way to achieve punishment - and the offender registry because it's so nebulous and arcane and lumps together crimes like consensual sex between 20 yos and their 17 yo partners, flashers, pedophiles, men who raped their wives and men who rufie random women all in one confusing morass - something the public increasingly knows and increasingly thinks the offender registry is meaningless, which might be just normalizing sex crimes. Knock knock, I'm your new neighbor and I'm required to inform you that I live here and committed a sex crime, but really, it was a no big deal sex crime. Ugh. I also wonder if taking these punishments into account allows us as the public - or juries or judges - to think a perpetrator has been punished without fulfilling their responsibility to incarcerate.
We don't get 'knock knock' . We get photos in the public school office with what they were convicted of. I've looked at the photos posted and it is usually a serious crime - rape involving a weapon and / or aggravated assault and / or involving a minor under the age of 12. I know that can't possibly be everyone convicted of a rape charge in my town of 50,000. So there must be a severity of crime attached to public disclosure.
I don't know about the Internet mob -- I've not seen that play out locally.
Farrar 58,156
Expert Cat Herder
My understanding is that depends based on communities.
We don't get them either, I just know they're required in some places and situations. And that, of course, the addresses are public record that anyone can access so my understanding is that a lot of people go harass people on the list. And, okay, it's hard to feel bad about that. But then... it's not justice. It's random people - some scared, some well-intentioned, some just looking for a "safe" outlet for aggression - going to destroy property or yell or even be violent. Justice should be better than that.
It should be in addition to that, imho.
It'd be awfully stupid to expect that the general local people won't have some feeling or thoughts to express if you're a danger to society.
But as it stands, "real but civilized" justice such as we wold like to see in the democratic West is rarely meted out.
So, in the meantime I think people take whatever they can get.
Kind of funny / odd that the conversation is again how this will impact the man's future.
Crimson Wife 19,603
LocationSan Francisco Bay Area
This kind of scenario is common enough that some colleges have looked at simply banning these kinds of parties - they seem to be a problem in themselves. I don't think it makes any sense to ignore scenarios that seem for some reason to be hotbeds of crime either they are situations that attract predators, make people especially vulnerable, or encourage people to make worse decisions than they would normally. I suspect that in the case of frat parties, and similar types of scenarios (I've seen military parties with a very similar atmosphere,) all of those things are going on. The situation makes people vulnerable and so that attracts real predators, and the nature of the situation (substance abuse, lots of sex, peer pressure) tend to mean people behave in ways they normally don't and it also tends to normalize that behavior.
I went to Stanford, and for the most part, the frat parties were not any worse an atmosphere than the dorm parties. The exception was the "athletes' frat" due to the previously mentioned issue of swimmers and water polo players. Girls were warned by their classmates to avoid that frat and my sorority refused to co-host events with them out of safety concerns for our members.
The administration knew about the problems and until very recently, placed a higher value on winning the Sears Cup & other athletic glory than on protecting women on campus (including their own students). :cursing: :thumbdown:
Plum 10,127
The Doctor's next companion
LocationCliffs of Insanity
Edited June 6, 2016 by Plum Crazy
Parties are supposed to be checking ID's at the door and turning away those without a Stanford student ID. The main reason for that is that Palo Alto High is literally right across the street from Stanford and teens from there often try to crash Stanford parties. But even if the woman was 23, she was not supposed to be there.
ETA: I met my DH because I got turned away from the first frat party I tried to get into that evening. Even though I had a Stanford ID, the guy at the door thought I looked too young and he told me, "Go back to Paly!" (Palo Alto High) My girlfriends and I went to my DH's frat and I ended up meeting him there.
Edited June 5, 2016 by Crimson Wife
Scarlett 24,468
It is interesting that in a similar discussion about sex assault and victim bashing-and there was a lot of victim bashing - I asked how the bashers felt about a reverse sotuation in which a young mangets drunk and is raped by another man. The horror! How awful, how unconscionable, how tragic! No victim blaming just heinous anger at the villain. The women in the group minus myself and my sister had been victim bashers and fairly unsympathetic when the victim was female. When the victim was male, everything changed.
I would say that part and parcel of females not supporting females is deeply rooted in learned misogyny. I know my own religious roots in this regard are not pretty!
Absolutely not how I would feel about it. A victim is a victim regardless of gender and taking protective measures is just as important regardless of gender.
momacacia 3,573
Hive Mind Level 4 Worker: Builder Bee
Of course. I didn't say that he didn't have greater responsibility for the crime. He obviously did. That doesn't mean, however, that she had zero responsibility for doing what she knew would lead to impaired judgment.
You cannot be responsible AT ALL for a crime you did not commit. She did not assault herself, for gods sake...actually read what you just wrote and what it implies.
And, if she had done something unlawful, dangerous, etc. as a result of that impaired judgment (eg, drunk driving), then she would bear responsibility for her behavior as a result of the impaired judgment. What the criminal did was take advantage of her impaired state in order to commit his crime, behind a dumpster (which is clearly where every consenting woman wants to be fondled by a guy she met at a party <eye roll>).
She didn't say she was responsible AT ALL for the crime. She said she was responsible for her impaired judgement.
ChocolateReign 28,508
Which has nothing to do with the crime, which is why some of us question it being brought up.
SKL 52,722
OK but help me understand "blackouts." I understand people can be having a "blackout" while still walking, talking, and often doing stuff they would never do while sober. How does a drunk young stranger know whether it's a blackout or not?
I had a complex conversation with someone about finances one night (he wanted a loan for his daughter's college). The next day he called me and said he didn't remember what was said; and he apologized for whatever it was. Was that a blackout? Because I never would have known he was in an "unable to consent" state. (And I was not drinking.)
Not in this case, but I do think there are cases where a person gets the "wrong impression" from another person who is drunk. I don't understand how a person is supposed to know exactly when the other person has gone from aware to "too drunk" - especially if both people are impaired.
Not in this case, but I do see a trend toward blaming the male in cases where two drunk people act drunkenly. Why is it always the male's responsibility to stay sober and know when the other person is too drunk? It's unrealistic as well as discriminatory.
I am really genuinely curious how a person knows if the other person who seems to consent is actually too drunk to consent. Are there guidelines for people to tell their sons (other than keep your zipper up - which would be called "slut shaming" if we said it to a girl)?
Edited June 5, 2016 by SKL
Carol in Cal. 21,161
OK, I watched the whole movie to get this, and it's almost at the end.
The exact words are:
"There are rules about things like that."
Ktgrok 58,813
Someone that drunk would be unable to walk normally, their eyes would be glassy or half closed, they'd smell like a distillery, and would slur their words. Often they'd be giggling or overly emotional in some other way.
Yes, that's harder to tell over the phone, but I've had someone call me drunk and it was pretty obvious. In the woman's case we are discussing she had called her boyfriend and he was very concerned because he could tell she was drunk..she was slurring her words to the point he couldn't understand her.
Perhaps your friend wasn't drunk, but had taken Ambien? That medication is known to produce memory loss like a blackout, but they don't act weird at the time. My ex took it a few times and he seemed normal, and had full discussions, that he never remembered. Totally different than a drunk person.
True the crime is a seperate issue, but she didn't say the victim was responsible for the crime.
Leav97 2,027
Hive Mind Level 6 Worker: Scout Bee
This is why motivation for rape is considered control not sex. There was an NFL player in the news a couple of years ago highlighting the number of sexual assaults reported against him that were all unprosecuted and in separate jurisdictions. It was thought he was drugging victims and raping them when they were unconscious. He could have had his pick of willing partners. What he wanted was an unconscious victim. I don't remeber the player and I never heard any follow up.
*Edited to add: It was bugging me so I looked it up, Darren Sharper. He was convicted and sentenced to 9 years.
Edited June 5, 2016 by Leav97
She wrote: "I didn't say that he didn't have greater responsibility for the crime. He obviously did." Him having "greater responsibility" implies that someone else bears a lesser responsibility for the crime. She's creating percentages of responsibility. Therefore, it must be the victim who bears some responsibility for the crime (unless we're blame-shifting to the Swedes now). I understand it was possibly sloppy writing, but this is a topic where sloppiness is particularly unacceptable.
Ravin 29,644
LocationHere and There
While the practical effect of sex offender registration can be punitive, such registries are not actually part of an offender's criminal sentence. Rather, they are public safety measures.
As such, the scope of them does overreach in a great many cases, as only a small subset of sex offenders are at a higher risk of recidivism than other types of criminal offenders. For the actual, high recidivism risk offenders, it may make some sense (but keeping them incarcerated or hospitalized wold make more). For others, who are as likely (or more likely) to get their heads screwed on straight and not reoffend, it is a burden to establishing a law abiding life and may be counterproductive to the intended purpose of preventing recidivism.
The State of CA passed an affirmative consent law in 2014.
Anyone drugged, drunk, unconscious or asleep cannot, by definition, consent.
"Lack of protest or resistance does not mean consent, nor does silence mean consent."
Consent and lack of consent can look the same. A gesture or comment might seem like nothing, but it might be the one chance a woman has to stop something she no longer feels comfortable doing.
The Most Game-Changing Part of the Affirmative Consent Law
ETA: This article makes me wonder if that law is the only reason he was convicted at all.
How does a drunk young stranger know whether it's a imer person who seems to consent is actually too drunk to consent. Are there guidelines for people to tell their sons (other than keep your zipper up - which would be called "slut shaming" if we said it to a girl)?
I think these are reasonable questions. I tell my sons that if you like a woman enough to have sex with her, you tell her. Over lunch. In the light of day. And give her time to think about it and choose.
But in this case, there was no question. The woman was completely unconscious when police arrived shortly after the assault was interrupted. That was around 1 a.m. she remained unconscious until after 4 a.m.
goldberry 30,766
Location: In a Handbasket
I've heard of that before and still have no comprehension... is it like necrophilia? Because that's what it seems like.
She implied it when she wrote the rapist had a "greater responsibility for the crime", which implies the victim had some level of responsibility. Combined with bringing up the victim's drinking that night, it is fairly clear that 2 + 2 = 4.
I didn't know much about this case until this thread. You made me look into it:). I did notice that the rape charges were actually dropped before trial, and the young man was tried (and convicted) of 2 assaults and attempted rape.
EmseB 13,324
Amateur Bee Keeper
This law implies that two drunk/impaired people would never be having sex. In today's hook up culture, I find that sort of ludicrous.
I agree there was no question in this case.
However, as to your first paragraph, I kinda doubt this is what's happening at most college parties. And I think men and women alike go to these parties to hook up without having to like anyone enough to bother with a relationship. And in order to loosen up for something like that, they drink. A lot.
FaithManor 30,770
Empress of the Flaming Bees, Order of the Spork
It is the adrenalin high. They have power over the other person, taking by force, and they like it. It isn't about simply having sex because there are any number of consentual parners who could be found. It is the thrill of taking by force.
Of course many rapists do want their victims fully awake because they get off on causing the pain, the fear, the torture.
Necrophilia is I think different from that, but I don't really know anything about it.
Of course. SKL asked about what to tell sons. I responded with what I have told my sons. Maybe it's not realistically what happens, but I think it's good advice. Have sex with people who want to have sex with you, and who are adult enough to acknowledge that by light of day.
I can see how that would be. We have to try as best we can as parents to keep our kids safe, but at the same time confirm that the person who commits a crime is the one who is responsible for the crime, period.
Personally, I have become much more careful what I comment out loud about rape cases. It seems so convenient a time to bring up the discussion, to say, this or that is something you should be careful of. I may know in my own adult head, "OF COURSE the rapist is responsible..." but how does that play out to my young girl if when there is a rape case I use that particular time to point out the misjudgments of the woman? I confess I never thought of the connection. I do now. Mostly from threads of those here who have been brave enough to share their stories.
I think discussion on a public message board is very different than discussion with a girl who has been raped. I mean really would any of us tell a rape victim, you should have used better judgment? If that happens ( and I am sure it does ) then it IS victim blaming,, but it isn't an either or....we can denounce rape and also warn our children to protect themselves from predators.
Btw, my Xh very much DID shame and blame me for being a sleeping victim in my own bed and my own house for "being friendly" earlier in the evening. So I get that it happens..that doesn't change the very real necessity of warning our kids to be careful about predators.
The judge was Captain of the Stanford Lacrosse team. Hmmmm....
https://www.everipedia.com/aaron-persky/
And yes, he is up for reelection right now.
It doesn't have to be with the girl who was raped. Imagine this scenario...
Every time there is a report about a rape or a scene in a movie where a woman is attacked, mom takes the opportunity to say, "Did you see how she was dressed? How short her skirt was? If you dress like that you are sending a message you should be very careful of."
Daughter goes out with friends for a night out, wearing clothes that seem appropriate to her for a party. Maybe even a little bit short skirt. Daughter is raped or attacked. She starts second guessing herself, look at how I was dressed, is that why this happened? I'm so stupid. Why did I dress like that...
Now, in addition to recovering from the trauma of rape, she is also blaming herself. And if a guy, or a lawyer, or a mom, says, "What were you wearing?" like it was relevant, she is going to be even more ashamed and disgusted.
Do you see why the timing of those discussions could lead her to feel that the woman has more control over the situation than she actually does? Or why this daughter might not even be comfortable telling her mother about what happened?
The mom may well be thinking, of course I would never do that to my daughter who has just been raped. But daughter has heard her do just that to all these "other" rape victims. Why would she believe anything but that her every choice and misjudgment will be critiqued and analysed?
LMD 7,805
1. I'm so sorry for your experience. That is awful.
2. It happens directly to rape victims all.the.time. By people who I am sure are not intending to revictimise anyone - it is so ingrained. I'm not accusing you, just letting you know that it definitely happens.
3. You don't know who is listening now. You can't know that someone reading this may have been raped last night/week/year. It is very othering language and isolating. Rape or sexual assault doesn't happen to 'those' people, it happens to 1 in 4 of us women.
4. Conflating personal safety and responsibilities with 'that' girl who got raped when she did x,y,z is damaging, incorrect, perpetuating the stereotypes of victims and giving a false sense of security to girls.
5. Many victims feel enough shame and self blame to replace all the commentators. They don't need that sort of help.
6. Talking like this, focusing on the victim's mistakes, allows the criminals to minimize the behavior in their own minds, believe that other people think the behavior is not so bad. People say 'of course the rapist is the bad guy', but the bad guy gears 'everyone does/thinks this way, I'm not so bad'. It reinforces their sense of entitlement.
7. I will not teach my daughter to live in fear. I will teach her to behave with self respect for its own sake - not by threats to her safety. I will also teach her, in different conversations, that some people commit evil and that I will always support her. My boys get the same lessons.
Sorry, not all of that was directed at you Scarlett, I got a bit soap boxy there!
I can't imagine it would go down like that for me talking to my child watching a movie. It would not SIMPLY be a discussion about protecting oneself. I would never have a conversation about a rape crime and ONLY discuss the ways one might have avoided the situation.
I don't disagree with anything you said so I don't understand where the disconnect is. If anyone listens to me at any point they will hear me say, there are very bad people out there and we must do all we can to protect ourselves from them.
That is no where close to saying well she was asking for it.
Let me tell you I was a 37 yo woman when my Xh tried to convince me I was at fault for being an almost victim so I KNOW it would be difficult for a girl of young age to resist that kind of faulty reasoning. However, that in no way is a reason to stop warning our kids that there are predators out there and pointing out ways to protect oneself and lesson ( not zero out) the risk of becoming a victim.
The disconnect is that you're dealing in hypotheticals, and others are dealing in real-life, already-a-fact trauma.
Did you miss the part where I was a victim? I was very very close to being raped. So that is not a hypothetical. And yet I have no trouble knowing that I was not responsible for that. It also does not make me stop warning my kids about such predators.
I agree that if any mom ever told her daughter "she deserved it" about any rape, that would be damaging. I can't imagine a thinking person ever doing such a thing, though.
I could understand explaining how certain behaviors are risky and/or create potential misunderstandings. If I don't tell her that, who will? Or is it better to let her learn it through the school of hard knocks?
Another thing. I think usually the whole point of rape is to shame a woman. Women are likely to feel shame and regret regardless of what they have heard from their loved ones before hand. When I was 12 and an old guy overpowered and fondled me as I fought o get away, I found several reasons to blame myself which nobody had ever suggested to me. Of course in retrospect the guy would have no defense in court had I reported him. But the brain is funny. So why do we need to blame someone outside the situation for the feelings of shame?
But what do you warn them? Don't be friendly? Don't have a drink in your own home and get into your own bed?
The statistics show that most sexual assaults occur by a person known to the victim, and that victims are mostly wearing jeans.
Warning about drinking too much because it hampers your ability to make decisions and leaves you more vulnerable is fine, I do that. Warning about drinking too much because look at that girl who got raped turns her real horror into our object lesson.
Well citing actual real-life cases hits home more than "what if" hypotheticals - especially at that age when young people know all and parents know nothing.
But you don't know the details and can't simply say that the rape could have been prevented by her behavior x... surely? Do you cite the actual statistical risks or do you only cite examples like this that confirm the biases? Do you warn them that likely a quarter of their peers will be victims, not just that one stereotypical girl with the short skirt?
Our language around this matters.
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Posted on January 17, 2015 by Derek Gregory
Once you decide you want to engage with audiences beyond the academy – one of my reasons for starting this blog, which also spirals in to my presentations and (I hope) my other writing – you run the risk of accepting invitations to comment on issues that lie far beyond your competence. Even supposed ‘experts’ can be caught out, of course: think of Steven Emerson‘s extraordinary claim earlier this week on Fox News (where else?) that in the UK ‘there are actual cities like Birmingham that are totally Muslim where non-Muslims just simply don’t go in…’ Emerson is the founder and Executive Director of the Investigative Project on Terrorism, and ‘is considered one of the leading authorities on Islamic extremist networks, financing and operations’ – or so he says on his website – and he subsequently apologised for his ‘inexcusable error’.
Emerson was being interviewed as part of Fox News’s continuing coverage of the murders at the office of Charlie Hebdo and a kosher supermarket in Paris on 7 January, and specifically about the supposed proliferation of what he called ‘no-go zones … throughout Europe’.
A good rule is to treat areas you know nothing about as ‘no-go zones’ until you’ve done the necessary research.
Academics need to take that seriously too, especially as universities become ever busier pumping up their public affairs, boosting their media profiles and offering journalists ready access to the specialised knowledge of their faculty. Don’t get me wrong: I believe passionately in the importance of public geography, especially with a little g, and I also understand how producers and journalists racing to meet a deadline need talking heads. But we need to be careful about the simulation of expertise.
This is, in part, why I haven’t said anything so far about the murders in Paris. But on Thursday I was invited to lead a lunch-time discussion about them at the Peter Wall Institute for Advanced Studies; one of the many wonderful things about the place is the trust that emerges out of a commitment to the irredeemably social nature of intellectual work, and so – beyond the cameras, the microphones and the notebooks – I tried to sort out what I had been reading and thinking. In many ways, it was an extended riff on Joe Sacco‘s cartoon that appeared in the Guardian just two days after the attacks (if you want to know the reactions of Arab cartoonists, then see Jonathan Guyer here and here):
My starting-points were provided by The colonial present. First, many commentators have suggested that the attacks were ‘France’s 9/11’; Le Monde‘s banner headline declared emphatically ‘Le 11 Septembre Français’.
I think this absurd for many reasons, but there are several senses in which the comparison is worth pursuing, particularly if we focus on the response to the attacks in New York and Paris. Both events, or more accurately television and video feeds of the developing situations, were relayed to watching audiences in real time. This sense of immediacy is important, because it says something about the ways in which viewers were drawn in to the visual field and interpellated as subjects who were enjoined to respond – and crucially to feel – in particular ways.
Since this is emphatically not what Dominique Moisi, author of The geopolitics of emotion, had in mind when he insisted that ‘the attacks in Paris and in New York share the same essence’, that both cities ‘incarnate a similar universal dream’ of ‘light and freedom’, perhaps a different comparison will clarify what I mean. Think of the killing of hundreds, even thousands of people by Boko Haram in Baga in northern Nigeria two weeks ago; reports began to appear in Europe and North America just one day after the murders in Paris, but the focus on France remained relentless. There were surely many reasons for that (see Maeve Shearlaw‘s discussion here and Samira Sawlani‘s here), but the contrast between the live feeds from Paris and the scattered, inchoate and verbal reports from Baga is part of it – particularly when you realise that the scale of that distant atrocity was eventually ‘laid bare’, as the Guardian put it, by satellite photographs released by Amnesty International showing more than 3,000 houses (‘structures’) burned or razed in Baga and Doron Baga. For all the importance of surveillant witnessing in otherwise difficult to reach locations, the distance between bodies and buildings, an ordinary camera and a satellite, and live television and static imagery is telling, and sustains an affective geopolitics that is at once divided and divisive.
(Imagery is important to the Paris attacks in another sense too: when the murderers stormed in to the offices of Charlie Hebdo the focus of their rage was a series of cartoons mocking Mohammed – but they were radicalised by quite other documentary images, including coverage of the wars in Iraq and photographs showing the atrocities committed by American troops in Abu Ghraib: see here and here, and look at Joe Sacco’s cartoon again).
My second borrowing from The colonial present was a re-borrowing of Terry Eagleton‘s spirited invocation of ‘the terrible twins’, amnesia and nostalgia: ‘the inability to remember and the incapacity to do anything else’. In the book I suggested that these are given a special significance within the colonial memory theatre, where the violence of colonialism is repressed and replaced by a yearning for the culture of domination and deference that it sought to instill. And in much (fortunately not all) of the commentary on the Paris attacks, France’s colonial past has been effaced. But here is Tim Stanley writing in the Telegraph:
The ability of a society to forget its recent past is like the amnesia that follows an accident – the body’s way of protecting itself against trauma. Yet in the 1950s and 1960s, as France tried to cling on to its African colonial possessions, political violence was far more common than today. Muslim Algerian nationalists (their race and religion regarded as interchangeable by the French) bombed the mainland, assassinated officials and killed colonialists en masse. The reaction of the state was shocking. In 1961, 12,000 Algerian immigrants were arrested in Paris and held in a football stadium [and at other sites: see the map below]. Many were tortured; more than a hundred disappeared. For days, bodies were found floating in the Seine.
You can find more on the events of 17 October 1961 – on the arrests, torture and summary executions following a mass rally to protest against a curfew imposed on Algerians in Paris – here and here, but the definitive account remains Jean-Luc Einaudi‘s Bataille de Paris (1991).
This is but one episode in a violent and immensely troubled colonial history. To point to this past – as Robert Fisk also did, in much more detail, in the Independent – is to loop back to 9/11 again, when attempts to provide similar contextual explanations were dismissed (or worse) as ‘exoneration’. To be sure, one must be careful: although Chérif and Said Kouachi were the Paris-born sons of Algerian immigrants, Arthur Asseraf is right to reject attempts to draw a straight line between violence in the past and violence in the present. But can the continued marginalisation of Muslims in metropolitan France, particularly young men in Paris’s banlieus, be ignored? (Here there is no better place to start than Mustafa Dikeç‘s work, especially Badlands of the Republic). Doesn’t it matter that more than 60 per cent of prisoners in French jails are Muslims? For the Economist all this means is that jihadists ‘share lives of crime and violence‘ so that structural violence disappears from view, but Tithe Bhattacharya provides a different answer in which the ghosts of a colonial past continue to haunt the colonial present.
And doesn’t the responsive assertion of a ‘freedom of expression’ that is, again, highly particularistic seek to absolutize a nominally public sphere whose exclusions would have been only too familiar to France’s colonial subjects? Ghasan Hage reads its triumphalist restatement in the aftermath of the Paris murders as a colonial narcissism – a sort of colonial nostalgia through the looking-glass – fixated on what he calls a strategy of ‘phallic distinction’ in which ‘freedom of expression’ is flashed at radicalised Muslims to tell them: ‘look what we have and you haven’t, or at best yours is very small compared to ours.’ (And whose governments have done so much to prop up authoritarian regimes in the Arab world and beyond that thrive on the suppression and punishment of free speech?)
There are, as Joe Sacco’s cartoon makes clear, real limitations on what can be said or shown in France too, including how somebody can present themselves in public – think of the arguments over the veil and the headscarf. There are also limitations elsewhere in the world, of course, which is why the sacularisation of Charlie Hebdo and, in particular, the march in Paris on 11 January seemingly headed by politicians from around the world, arm in arm (in some cases arms in arms would be more accurate), processing down the Boulevard Voltaire (symbolism is everything), was a scene that, as Seumas Milne noted, was beyond satire:
from Nato war leaders and Israel’s Binyamin Netanyahu to Jordan’s King Abdullah and Egypt’s foreign minister, who between them have jailed, killed and flogged any number of journalists while staging massacres and interventions that have left hundreds of thousands dead, bombing TV stations from Serbia to Afghanistan as they go.
True enough, but here too appearance is everything: the photograph was artfully staged (even before one ‘newspaper’ airbrushed the women from the frame) and took place in an otherwise empty side-street.
If I can make one last nod to The colonial present, not surprisingly many of these politicians have also used the murders to justify the continued violence of the wars being fought in the shadows of 9/11; if you are in the mood to reverse the looking-glass, then Markha Valenta‘s sobering reflection at Open Democracy is indispensable:
[E]verything that might be said about revolutionary Islamist movements – when it comes to global violence – could be said about global Americanism and US foreign policy. It has been ruthless, cruel, illiberal, anti-democratic. It has wreaked havoc, killed innocents, raped women, men and youths, tortured viciously, violated the rule of law and continues to do so…
It does so in our name. In the name of democracy. And those who expose this … are shut up ruthlessly, cruelly and in ways designed to degrade. (Yet we did not march then.)
This matters because it clarifies what our condition is today, the condition under which last week’s violence took place: an extended and expanding global war between those who claim the right to intervention, brutality and terror in the name of democracy and those who do so in the name of Islam.
No less predictably, one of the immediate and dismally common responses to the murders, amidst the clamour for freedom of speech, was a renewed call for more state surveillance and regulation. As Teju Cole wrote in the New Yorker,
The only person in prison for the C.I.A.’s abominable torture regime is John Kiriakou, the whistle-blower. Edward Snowden is a hunted man for divulging information about mass surveillance. Chelsea Manning is serving a thirty-five-year sentence for her role in WikiLeaks. They, too, are blasphemers, but they have not been universally valorized, as have the cartoonists of Charlie Hebdo.
But it’s not only politicians who are guilty of appropriation. Putting on one (far) side the extraordinary attempts to turn “Je suis Charlie” to commercial account – to ‘trademark the tragedy and its most resonant refrain‘ – there are other, less venal and more complicated appropriations.
Heat map of #jesuischarlie hashtag; animation is available here
So back to the looking-glass. You might think that “Je suis Charlie” is an affirmative gesture born of anger and horror but also of sympathy and compassion, a simple human reflex that has become virtually commonplace – comparable to, say, “We are all Palestinians“. That was my first thought too. But the trouble is that such a rhetorical claim comes with a lot of baggage. David Palumbo-liu suggests that “I am Charlie” can be an assertion of empathy, solidarity or identification. Even empathy is far from straightforward – why do we extend our fellow feeling to these people and not those? – but, as he shows, the other two progressively raise the stakes. Sarah Keenan and Nadine El-enany wire this to appropriation with exquisite clarity in a short essay at Critical Legal Thinking:
The #JesuisCharlie hashtag and its social media strategy of solidarity through identification with the victim is … an appropriation of what was a creative and subversive tool for fighting structural violence and racist oppression, perhaps most famously in the “I am Trayvon Martin” campaign. When young black men stood up and said “I am Trayvon Martin”, they were demonstrating the persistent and deeply entrenched demonisation of black men which not only sees them killed in the street on their way to the local shop, but also deems their killers innocent of any wrongdoing. When predominantly white people in France and around the world declare “Je Suis Charlie”, they are not coming together as fellow members of a structurally oppressed and marginalised community regularly subjected to violence, poverty, harassment and hatred. Rather, they are banding together as members of the majority, as individuals whose identification with Charlie Hebdo, however well-meaning, serves to reproduce the very structures of oppression, marginalisation and demonisation that allowed the magazine’s most offensive images to be consumed and celebrated in the first place.
As the invocations of Voltaire should have demonstrated, there is a substantial difference between defending the right to draw a cartoon and celebrating what is drawn. Too many commentators clearly want to elide the difference, but there is another distinction to be made too. A Muslim friend who lives in Paris was distraught at the murders, but when he heard the calls for the cartoons to be re-published immediately after the killings he told me he felt brutalised all over again. Those who made such demands, who casually sneered at the ‘cowardice’ of those who failed to comply, either forgot or chose to ignore the existence of a far, far larger Muslim audience than the terrorists against whom they vented their spleen: or, still worse, it never occurred to them that there is a difference between the two.
So: je ne suis pas Charlie; I think I’d rather ‘be’ Joe.
I am grateful to my friends and colleagues who helped me think through these issues – I realise there’s a lot more thinking to be done, so please treat this as a first, fumbling attempt – and to Jaimie.
This entry was posted in Africa, late modern war, media, terrorism, visuality and tagged affective geopolitics, Boko Haram, Charlie Hebdo, France, freedom of speech, Joe Sacco, Paris, Paris murders, social media, terrorism, Twitter by Derek Gregory. Bookmark the permalink.
8 thoughts on “Je ne suis pas Charlie”
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dwyersec on January 18, 2015 at 02:15 said:
Reblogged this on ThatAssemblage.
sykik on January 17, 2015 at 21:36 said:
To bring out the complexity of our ’emotional’ responses, their ‘manufacture’ by the political machine is perhaps the greatest duty of all scholars. A big thank you for that. I have a small question though? We have witnessed so many ‘terrorist incidents’ in the last few months, especially Peshawar, but also in Australia, then in Paris, and now terrible tragedy in Nigeria. This can get overwhelming and xenophobia is often the easiest response.
But, one slight ray of hope, if there can be, was the overwhelming rejection of xenophobic hate in Australia. I mean the ‘iwillridewithyou’ twitter meme, which contrasts, in a sense, with the ‘i am charlie’ response. Social media does have its bright moments.
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Everything you need to know about indica
The definitive guide on everything indica from what it treats to which strains are the best for home grows.
Written by Rob Hoffman
What is Indica?
In the marijuana community, strains are typically organized into three main categories: indica, sativa (e.g: alaskan thunderfuck), and hybrid (e.g: gorilla cookies or fruity pebbles weed). If you’ve ever purchased weed from a dispensary, you might have noticed that every strain on the menu has been assigned to one of these distinct groups. This is because cannabis plants from each category not only share physical and taxonomical properties, but their flowers (also called “buds”) are each said to produce a distinct “type of high.”
While little research supports these distinctions—due to its federally illegal status, relatively little research exists about cannabis in general—these categories are widely accepted in the marijuana community and date back as far as the 18th century.
Cannabis indica as a plant species was first identified by the French naturalist and biologist, Jean-Baptiste Lamarck, in 1785. Lamarck published a description of it based off plant specimens found in India. According to Lamarck, the plant can be distinguished by its short and firm stature and bushy appearance. The indica leaf tends to be wide. Cannabis sativa, on the other hand, tends to be tall and wiry. Cannabis sativa and cannabis indica are the two main subspecies of the cannabis plant, while hybrid simply describes plants that have been crossed by both.
The cannabis indica plant is also known for producing comparatively higher yields, denser buds, and more pungent aromas. Originating from the mountainous regions of Afghanistan, Pakistan, and India, it adapted itself to harsh climates and first-time weather conditions by growing faster, flowering earlier, and producing thick layers of protective resin. Since exposure to colder temperatures can turn a cannabis plant’s flower (or buds) purple, if you come across purple looking weed, there’s a good chance it’s an indica strain.
The plant’s quick growing time and sturdy build makes it better suited for novice growers, and those looking to grow cannabis indoors. (Here’s our guide on the best strains for home grows.)
What are the effects of Indica?
Photo by Andreas Stamm
Indica strains are known for producing a “body high,” leaving you physically relaxed and even sleepy. Marijuana enthusiasts often describe it as producing a feel of being “couch locked,” and use the phrase “in-da-couch” to remember that indica effects are best enjoyed on the couch (preferably with one of these movies). Most people prefer indica effects in the evening.
In contrast, sativa strains produce an energetic “head high,” better suited for creative or physical activities, and are typically enjoyed in the daytime hours. Hybrid strains are a cross between indica and sativa, producing a high that combines a bit of both properties.
Medical marijuana patients also often use these specific strain categories for treating different illnesses and conditions. They are commonly used to treat insomnia, chronic pain or loss of appetite. Again, more research is needed, and many researchers believe that other factors, like CBD to THC ratios, are more important for determining potential medical uses. Still, scientific literature does show that indica tends to have a higher CBD content than sativa, and sativa tends to have a higher THC content. CBD is increasingly demonstrating itself to be a potentially potent treatment option, carrying anti-inflammatory and anti-anxiety properties. CBD also does not make users feel “high.”
*You may also like to read: Indica vs Sativa – The ultimate guide on indicas and sativas
Benefits of Indica Strain?
Photo via Extensively Reviewed
The cannabis indica plant tends to be short, sturdy, and resilient. It’s also easier to grow, and flowers much earlier than its sativa counterpart. Its low height makes it ideal for growing indoors. And one of its significant benefits is that it tends to have higher yields. If you’re a first-time grower, or growing inside, you would likely fare well with one of these plants.
Indica marijuana also presents a number of benefits for the medical and recreational user.
Recreationally, indica weed is more popular to use before watching a movie, relaxing and winding down at night. It is also primarily known to make you feel happy, sedated, euphoric, hungry and sleepy. The high is often described as a “deep body stone,” which can loosen the muscles and feel similar to a painkiller.
Medically, indica weed is popular for treating sleeping problems, muscle spasms, chronic pain, anxiety, PTSD and appetite loss. The higher CBD content of many indica weed strains also makes them a preferred choice among many medical marijuana patients, like those who have multiple sclerosis, fibromyalgia, and lupus. Further research is necessary to determine exactly how indica marijuana in particular can and should be used in medicine as a treatment option.
Cannabis Indica Strains?
Some of the most popular indica strains include Purple Kush, Grandaddy Purple, Northern Lights, Critical Kush, MK Ultra, Hindu Kush, Mango Kush, G13, God’s Gift, Skywalker, White Rhino, Afghan Kush, Master Kush, Blueberry, Blackberry Kush, Bubba Kush, and LA Confidential.
Here a list of the ten strongest ones on earth right now.
Other articles you can be interested in:
How Much Weed Does Snoop Dogg Smoke?
How to Make a Glass Pipe
Rihanna Marijuana: A brief story
August 20, 2019 — Last Updated September 11, 2019
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GWC Warranty Awards and Recognitions
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Share Sexting: What parents need to know on Facebook
Share Sexting: What parents need to know on Twitter
Share Sexting: What parents need to know on Pinterest
Share Sexting: What parents need to know by Email
Be honest, have you ever said: “My kid would never do that”? Yeah, we have too. Except, the thing is, kids have this neat trick where they say one thing and do something else altogether.
It can be for any number of reasons. They don’t want to disappoint you, they think they’ll get in trouble or they did it to impress their friends.
There are even studies that show that as kids move into different peer groups (i.e. from the family group to the friend group) their values adapt to account for their new peer group too. It’s an evolutionary part of our brain that craves acceptance.
So, even if you think your kid would “never do that”, you might want to have a failsafe in place in case they feel they have to.
Take the send nudes craze, for example.
We already know that our kids are being exposed to hardcore pornographic images earlier than any generation before them (11 years old and declining), and things like the “send nudes” craze doesn’t help.
What does ‘Send Nudes’ even mean?
It’s an expression coined by millennials to request sexually explicit photographs from someone.
Yup, Send Nudes is definitely something you think “my kid would never do that.”
Yet 54% of college students admitted to sexting (sending sexually explicit messages, pics and videos) when they were minors. When minors were asked this question, the percentage was much lower.
Which group do you think is lying?
Is Send Nudes really that big of a deal?
The Send Nudes phrase has grown so rapidly in popularity, you can now buy SEND NUDES merchandise on the likes of Amazon and from celebrities like Kim Kardashian.
It’s likely that the trend will fade away as quickly as it has appeared, but you have to ask yourselves whether this is a silly, frivolous phenomenon you can ignore. Your kids might say it’s nothing more than a joke and to stop taking it so seriously.
But kids often don’t think they’ll be the subject of shared nude pics of themselves or “revenge porn”. Despite what they think (and what apps advertise) there is actually no such thing as a private picture or video.
In fact, one report from Plan International Australia and Our Watch, titled ‘Don’t send me that pic’, revealed that 600 Australian teenage girls’ reported that receiving unwanted and uninvited sexually explicit content online is now considered common behaviour.
MORE IMPORTANTLY: Creating or sharing explicit images of a child is illegal, even if the person doing it is a child. They are breaking the law if they:
take an explicit photo or video of themselves or a friend
share an explicit image or video of a child, even if it’s shared between children of the same age
possess, download or store an explicit image or video of a child, even if the child gave their permission for it to be created.
And if you’re the parent that is paying for the device or device plan? You can also be held responsible.
So, what can we do about it as parents?
First, we’ve got to stop burying our heads in the sand about this.
It’s a sad reality, but we need to start having these conversations with our kids earlier than we thought we’d have to.
With indecent images only a four-letter search term away online, it’s more important than ever that we explain to our kids the difference between realistic and appropriate habits when it comes to relationships and dating vs. hardcore pornographic and crass sexual images online.
As they age, it’s important we also continue to have these conversations, no matter how uncomfortable they are. ????
Secondly, we need to start monitoring their social media.
As much as they are going to hate it, we are going to have to start monitoring our kids’ social media. There are age limits to social media accounts for a reason.
If your kids aren’t comfortable with you taking a quick look at their phone at any moment, it is often because there is something on their device they don’t want you to see. More likely than not, this is behaviour they don’t want you to see.
Finally, we need to combat the normalcy of obvious and public sexuality.
How do we do that? Well, it’s up to you how you want to tackle that particular topic. We’ve always found that saying “would you want your parents or grandparents to see this?” is often a good measurement of which messages, photos or videos kids should consider as appropriate.
After all, if you don’t want your Mom, Dad, Grandma or Grandpa to see it, you shouldn’t send it out into the world wide web.
RELATED: Want to know more about protecting your kids online?
Habyts helps parents block 'dodgy' websites
Click to see how
Are you concerned your child might be sexting? Do you want help actively tackling this challenge? Get in touch with one of our experts today.
We'd love to hear from you! Let us know your thoughts below.
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After Tours With Björk And Sigur Rós, SiGRÚN Goes Solo — The Reykjavik Grapevine
After Tours With Björk And Sigur Rós, SiGRÚN Goes Solo
@brainlove
SiGRÚN’s first EP, ‘Hringsjá’, judders into life with a couple of blasts of bassy distortion. It quickly dissolves into washes of wordless vocal harmonies before evolving again into a shattered, powerful rhythm. It’s devoutly experimental, bringing to mind a DIY version of Nico Muhly’s ‘Mothertongue’-era compositions, or sketches made using the same ink that Björk used on ‘Medúlla’.
“It’s a mashup of things that have really inspired me,” says Sigrún, brightly. “I would describe it as a melting pot. I’ve been inspired by electronic music that has some classical music elements. The point where crazy dubstep or club music meets composition and choir music.”
This meeting point is a culmination of Sigrún’s musical interests over more than a decade. She started playing young, under the steady influence of a drum teacher father, before graduating to clarinet and them trombone in music school. It would prove to be a fortuitous switch.
Tour school
“I was playing in lots of bands and random projects,” Sigrún recalls. “Then when I was 17 or 18 I played on the ‘Volta’ tour with Björk. When I came home, I started studying composition. In the middle of that, I went on a tour with Sigur rós. Then I finished school, and went on tour with Florence and the Machine.”
These huge tours came very early in Sigrún’s development. “I’d only been on one or two band camps to Germany,” she says. “The girls from the brass band on ‘Volta’ still make fun of me once in awhile. I had no idea what I was getting into. I had all these towels in my suitcase… I didn’t know anything. I had my schoolbooks with me, and sometimes when there was an afterparty going on in one room, I’d be sitting in the other room studying.”
Owning it
Being part of such large-scale tours instilled in Sigrún a strong will to spread her wings and make music of her own. “I was a bit fed up of touring,” she says. “I wanted to make something happen on my own. To take control. It’s a fun thing to drift in and out of big projects, but I wanted to more of a part of the creative process—not to be a guest, but to own some of it. Going on tour is a repetition—you play the same thing every night. I thought the repetition might be worth more if I had a bigger stake in the music.”
The resulting SiGRÚN solo project got off to fast start. “Our first show was at Iceland Airwaves,” says Sigrún. “We did a release concert just before Christmas as our third show. Sónar will probably be our fourth. I want to really play with the live show and develop it in 2017. I’ve been playing with a band: Hilma sings with me, and Kjartan plays drum pads. We just added a second drum pads player, to spread the responsibility, and play with it.”
Whilst the SiGRÚN project is still taking formative first steps, the signs are promising. “It’s been liberating,” Sigrún smiles, “like nothing I expected, and everything I expected. It’s scary how time disappears. I made eight songs in half a year. So if I want to make a full album, I need to get going! I need to think about how I want it to be, and how I want it to sound. My fingers are itching.”
Follow SiGRÚN on Facebook and Soundcloud.
SiGRÚN
Sónar
Sónar Reykjavík
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Perfect Day: Ásta Kristín Pjetursdóttir
Music News: Icelandic Women Make A Splash, Hatari, And More!
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Chuao Chocolatier: (pronounced chew-wow) This company specializes in textural surprise. The whiz kid behind the firecracker truffle (chipotle caramel fudge with sea salt and popping candy) likes to thread in a secret layer of heat that doesn’t hit until the finish so you get the full-on rich chocolaty pleasure with a spank of fun at the end. The other favorite in this tasting was the Salted Chocolate Crunch with toasted panko breadcrumbs, olive oil ganache and a dusting of sea salt—a truly devilish bit. Owners (and brothers) Michael and Richard Antonorsi. also hail from Venezuela.
Truly the BEST toffee you will ever have- thick slabs of chocolate with sweet and buttery toffee sandwiched between. Garden Gate hand dips their toffee just 2 months out of the year. Their once ice cream shop turned to toffee and chocolate establishment works solely off of word of mouth and repeat customers, year after year. Stop by Garden Gate on 9th and 9th for a taste of their toffee. You won’t regret it!
Amedei sits just outside Pontedera, where they build those stylish Vespa scooters that make even old Italians look young. Amedei’s factory, a low brick structure, used to be an iron foundry. Alessio and Cecilia met me inside a tasting room, where a table was set with linen tablecloths and silver chargers. Two large jars were prominently displayed; filled with what looked like water, each held a large, red, heart-shaped object. Cecilia wore a severe suit of charcoal gray, a no-nonsense expression, and a red scarf; the factory was cold that day. Alessio’s face was round and rosy, and his rimless eyeglasses made him look more like a graduate student than a chocolate baron.
Valrhona, the Rolls Royce of chocolate, has been crafting couvertures (chocolates with high cocoa content) since 1922. Hailing from France's Rhône Valley, Valrhona's wine country influence is unmistakable. The label on each Valrhona cru (single origin bar) bears the name of that bean's terroir, the most exclusive of these being the Vintage Single Origin bars, sold in limited quantities according to crop yield. Valrhona also suggests wine pairings designed to bring out the "notes" in each chocolate's complex flavor profile. From chocolate pearls to tasting squares, the brand's nec-plus-ultra chocolate bar selection is available at specialty grocery stores.
Admired and scrutinized, the United States is undeniably an economic, geopolitical and cultural superpower. From the labs of Silicon Valley to the halls of power in Washington, D.C., it is a nation of many offerings. Whether you are an American group exploring domestically, or an international school, custom university travel in the United States is ripe with opportunities. ...Read More
Nandy’s Candy is a small, family-owned business and a much-beloved Jackson, Mississippi, institution. The shop is perhaps best known for chocolate-covered strawberries, which are dipped by hand as you order them. Other fun confections, such as chocolate-dipped Oreos, chocolate popcorn and fudge, will fulfill your chocolate cravings, no matter what form they take.
This North End chocolate and nut shop run by two childhood friends features a variety of artisan chocolates by local and national chocolatiers as well as gourmet nut mixes, health bars, and specialty snacks, as well as vegan and gluten-free chocolates. Tasting days give the opportunity to try anything from Pure 7’s dark chocolate peppermint bar to Northlight Baking Co.’s macarons.
Created by Austrian chocolatier Joseph Zotter in 1987, Zotter Chocolates offers 365 flavors, produced each day of the year! While we taste-tested an assortment of flavors ranging from the creamy, caramel-filled Coffee Toffee to the not-for-the-faint-of-heart 100% cacao Peru bar, the Goji Berries in Sesame Nougat emerged as the unanimous favorite. This milk chocolate bar is studded with dried goji berries and filled with layers of green tea ganache, homemade nougat and soy and sesame filling. Also worth noting is the colorful and unique artwork that covers each bar designed by Andreas h. Gratze.
Elk Candy Company makes fine chocolate and marzipan. I do not think marzipan is very interesting when it is plain or merely coated in chocolate, so it is nice to find a chocolatier that has developed their marzipan further, as Elk Candy Company has done with their flavored marzipan rolls. I like marzipan this way. Elk sells it in slices. Flavors include pistachio, truffle, hazelnut, and orange.
In addition to the informational articles below, you’ll find reviews of products that we think are the best gourmet chocolate (and make the best chocolate gifts for people who know good chocolate). You can find more chocolate gift ideas in the Gift-Finder section. If you have suggestions, comments, or want to tell us about your favorite chocolates, we’d love to hear from you.
And, no surprise, the world winner is also a hit with esteemed makers: "Meeting the wonderful Canadian couple David and Cynthia of Soma Chocolatemaker at the International Chocolate Awards World Championships was a gift," Friis-Holm says. "The rare beans originating from the troubled country of Venezuela that are featured in their Guasare 70% bar make for a very tasty, beautifully executed and worthy world winner."
Doreen Pendgracs has spent the past seven years scouring the planet in search of the world’s finest chocolate and most memorable chocolate experiences. She is the author of the award-winning book Chocolatour: A Quest for the World’s Best Chocolate. She is currently researching the second volume, Chocolatour: A Quest for the World’s Best Chocolate Adventures. Read her writing about the world of chocolate.
It isn't bitter, it isn't deep, it isn't vanilla-y or cakey, or creamy - it is more or less sweet chocolate as a fragrance. I'd love this as a candle! It isn't the sort of thing I'd wear day to day, but it is a relaxing and well interpreted scent. If you love chocolate fragrances I can't see how you could go wrong with this one - and since it is a bit simple, I think it would be lovely to layer.
The Whitman’s 40 Ounce Jumbo Assorted Chocolates Box is ideal for snacking, gifting, and candy dishes. It also makes a great minty and sweet treat at work, home or on the go. Additionally, the Whitman’s 40 Ounce Jumbo Assorted Chocolates Box is made in the United States. And it does not contain gluten, meaning it is perfect for everyone. If you are looking for a gift for any of your loved one, the Whitman’s 40 Ounce Jumbo Assorted Chocolates Box is the product to go for.
Award-winning author and master chocolatier Paul A. Young deserves the accolades he receives for his creativity and mastery with all things chocolate. Walk into his tiny Camden Passage original chocolate shop and inhale the intoxicating aroma of fresh chocolate being made on-site. Young is one of the British chocolatiers who launched the chocolate revolution in London about 15 years ago, casting aside the overly sweet British chocolate of old for the fresh and innovative chocolate offerings that you’ll now find in at least a dozen top-notch chocolatiers in the capital city. Try his dark chocolate sea salt caramel pecan brownies—guaranteed to seduce every unsuspecting chocolate lover. Three locations in London found in Camden Passage, Royal Exchange, and Soho.
This page contains information, reviews, perfume notes, pictures, new ads, vintage posters and videos about 4160 Tuesdays Over The Chocolate Shop fragrance but we do not warrant the accuracy of information. Trademarks and logos belong to respected companies and manufacturers and are used solely to identify products and companies. If you have more information about 4160 Tuesdays Over The Chocolate Shop, you can expand it by adding a personal perfume review. Fragrantica has a unique user-driven classification system and you may classify Over The Chocolate Shop by 4160 Tuesdays. Click on the appropriate options on the fragrance classification form below the perfume picture. Also, you can find links to 3rd party websites/Internet stores, but Fragrantica has no access or control over those websites. We do not make guarantees nor accept responsibility for what you might find as a result of these links, or for any future consequences including but not limited to money loss. User reviews of Over The Chocolate Shop by 4160 Tuesdays represent the views of the credited authors alone and do not reflect Fragrantica's views.
You can never have too many choices when it comes to chocolate. This Belgian chocolate box provides an amazing assortment of dark, milk, and white chocolate in an elegant gold box with a bow on top. You'll get 19 chocolate pieces that include favorites like 50 percent dark demitasse, chocolate hazelnut praline, praline crescents, and coconut macaroons covered in dark chocolate. If 19 pieces simply aren't enough to satisfy your taste buds, you can trade up for a 140-piece box (or one of the many sizes in between).
Exactly when and where the first chocolate shops opened in America is uncertain, but early contenders for the honor include The Original Velatis, which set up shop selling caramels (some of them involving chocolate) in 1866 in Silver Spring, Maryland, and Govatos, which went into business in Wilmington, Delaware, in 1894 (both are still going strong; see slideshow).
Traditional Mexican flavors come alive for popular chef and TV personality José Ramón Castillo, a leader in the evolution of Mexican chocolate. Que Bo! uses only organic ingredients sourced from local producers. Vibrant colored truffles matching their star ingredients, such as orange (mango, chili, and salt) or bright pink (guava). The massive, dipped confit figs soaked in molasses, cinnamon, and sugar can be enjoyed in the chocolateria’s hacienda-style courtyard in central Mexico City. Five locations in Mexico City.
Blue’s Chocolates (formerly Chocolatier Blue) features fine chocolates of diverse flavors. One of my favorites was the Sweet Potato Casserole, for its novel flavor. The sweet potato flavor was well presented and balanced with the chocolate. The Hazelnut was also excellent. Hazelnut is a traditional flavor in chocolates, but the natural hazelnut flavor shone in this piece without being bitter. Other favorites included 75% Dark, Lemon, Pistachio, Passion Fruit Caramel, Candy Cane, and Pear. The PB Crunch was crunchy and had a nice peanut flavor with a pleasant tang.
All the while, I’d been looking at the red heart-shaped objects that were floating in the two big jars. I kept thinking about the Aztecs. At last I asked Alessio what they were. “Cacao pods,” he said. “In formaldehyde so they do not dry up.” The one off in a corner behind the door was a unique Venezuelan variety called Porcelana. The other, placed on a low table next to all the trays of chocolate, gleamed and glistened like a trophy. That one was Venezuelan too, Alessio said with a smile. It came from Chuao.
The Chocolaterie is a delightful find in a suburb of Atlanta. They have a variety of truffles with flavors that are both fanciful and familiar. The Cookie Dough Truffle gives a good impression of its namesake and is both enjoyable and playful. As with the Malted Milkshake Truffle, the flavor composition conveys a luxurious feel. These and several other flavors weave multiple flavor sensations without losing them in a blend.
Chocolate contributes more than $700 million to the Ecuadorian economy. A single 1.8 ounce bar of the finest chocolate divided into 12 squares will set customers back more than $250. For the adventurous chocoholics who want to see chocolate production from seed to bar, the Cacao Route offers the opportunity to visit cacao farms and eventually eat chocolate in a number of dishes as well as sweet and bitter bars. Cacao Route tours take place near the Pacific coast, with options to tour the Organic Cacao Museum, horseback ride along the path and visit plantations and packing facilities, as well as in the Amazon, which features spa treatments at the Papallacta
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Brown calls for pistol ban again
Bob Brown 25 Jul 2011
News that the Norwegian shooting massacre may have involved a semi-automatic rifle as well as a semi-automatic Glock pistol should lead to further gun ownership limitation in Australia, Greens Leader Bob Brown said today.
“It took the horror of the Port Arthur massacre for Australia, under Prime Minister Howard, to severely limit ownership of semi-automatic rifles. But semi-automatic pistols with fewer than 10 rounds are not prohibited. With few exemptions, they should be banned.
“I urge both Prime Minister Gillard and Opposition Leader Tony Abbott to commit to reviewing the availability of hand guns,” Senator Brown said.
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Greg Munno
Advancing communication in the public interest
Conflict Management/
Hollywood Does Conflict Transformation
December 13, 2010 — Leave a comment
The conflict between shape-shifting Indian warrior Jake (shirtless) and the vampire Edward centers on their group identities -- and their competition to win Bella's heart.
I’ve been taking an amazing class at the Maxwell School this fall — Fundamentals of Conflict Studies with Pofessor Bruce Dayton. Among the requirements are two “external activity reports” that examine events of our choosing using the theory we learn in class.
I’ve attended several events recently that would make excellent fodder for conflict analysis, including a lecture by Ines Mergel that examined networks within organizations and how they can create and manage conflict.
However, perhaps recklessly and certainly in bad taste, I choose to focus on a movie – the spectacularly bad The Twilight Saga: Eclipse. The third-installment in this teenybopper, melodramatic, vampire-love series is remarkable in that its subtext seems ripped from the pages of a conflict resolution textbook.
The characters in the movie are all trapped in conflict. Many of the conflicts would be defined as group identity conflicts, a major component of conflict from a cognitive perspective. The conflicts also end up being transformed via several conflict resolution mechanisms —increased contact among the parties, the rise of an effective mediator, increased costs of continuing the conflict, and, most importantly, the forging of a “super identity” via the rise of a common enemy.
A slide from one of Professor Bruce Dayton's presentations shows the four conflict analysis frames he teaches in Fundamentals of Conflict Study. The structural frame deals with conflicts that arise out of economic and social systems (think Marx); Interest-based deals with tangible interests such as money, status and safety; Cognitive focuses on the frames we develop that allow us to understand (and misunderstand) the world, including issues of individual and group identity; and the emotional frame deals with our emotional response to certain issues. Most conflicts, including those in the movie "Eclipse," involve multiple frames, yet it can be helpful to understand the primary driver of the conflict and the frame in which it operates. The conflicts in "Eclipse," for instance, are largely cognitive and center on groups with which the individual characters affiliate. The literature teaches us that the way to transform these types of conflict is to find opportunities for the divergent groups to work together and forge a new, shared identity -- exactly what happens in the movie.
The movie is set in a small, rural community a few hours outside of Seattle, Washington. The community is made up of three distinct groups – white community members, vampires known as the Cullen clan and a Native American tribe.
The white community members are portrayed as affable but clueless, except for one, Bella. The main character, Bella has fallen in love with one of the vampires, Edward, and she’s been given a glimpse into their world.
The local vampire clan is tied together by their most senior member, Dr. Cullen, who has trained them to control their thirst for human blood and to only feed off of animals. As such, they’ve been able to blend into the community to a certain extent, despite the fact that they have extraordinary powers of strength, speed, smell, sight and telepathy. They also have a sickly white complexion, no body heat or heart beat, and have eyes that change from black to yellow to red depending on their moods. Despite this, no whites other than Bella know they are vampires.
However, the local Indian tribe knows the truth. We learn that they have a long-standing hatred of vampires, who slaughtered members of their tribe centuries ago. The tribe has special powers as well. Some of its members, when threatened, have the ability to turn into giant wolves, who, although not quite the physical equal of the vampires, can still take them on in battle.
Complicating things, one of the shape-shifting Indians, Jake, is in love with Bella, and for personal and tribal reasons, he is determined to win Bella from Edward.
The dysfunctional inter-group dynamics, and their costs, are made apparent near the beginning of Eclipse. We know from one of the earlier movies that a vampire named Victoria wants to kill Bella. To protect the town where the movie is set, Edward killed her lover, who, like Victoria, did not share the Cullen clan’s restraint when it came to drinking the blood of humans. Edward is strong enough to kill Victoria, too, so Victoria decides to kill Bella to make Edward feel as bad as she does. When Victoria attacks, the Cullen-clan vampires are ready. They have her on the run when Victoria jumps a gorge and ends up in Indian wolf territory. The wolves give chase, and Victoria is forced to jump back to the other side. But both groups, despite their mutual goal of killing Victoria, are hampered by a treaty that prevents them from going on to each others’ territory. When Victoria jumps back on to the wolf side, a Cullen vampire ignores the treaty in the heat of pursuit. The wolves turn against him and Victoria gets away.
A short time later, an elder tribal member tells Bella the tribe’s core myths and stories, including the horrible slaughter of Indians by vampires. It becomes clear why the Indians have such a difficult time working with the rather civilized Cullen vampires, even in the face of the more destructive Victoria. Their opposition to the vampires is at the core of their identity. Their shape-shifting powers are a direct response to the vampires. Vampires, and their response to vampires, define the tribe to its core. It gives them their “abiding sense of self and of their relationship of self to the world” (Northrup, 1989).
Likewise, the Cullen vampires are highly sensitized to the Indians who have shape shifting powers. They have developed a set of tools for distinguishing them from others – mainly, their “stench.”
We see attribution issues going on as well, as the Indians take transgressions by individual vampires, even if they are not Cullen, as a reason to hate all vampires. Edward, meanwhile, can’t separate the role Jake plays in Bella’s life from the fact that he is a Indian wolf warrior.
We also see younger Indians displaying hatred toward the Cullens as a way of defining themselves and proving their daring. As Cuhader and Dayton (2010) write, “the human tendency to search for patterns naturally results in the creation of in-groups and out groups; categorizations of people who are ‘like me’ and people who are ‘unlike me’.”
Meanwhile, Victoria has hatched a new plan: She’s raising an army of newborn vampires to kill Bella and the Cullen clan. Newborns (recently transformed vampires) are particularly dangerous as they are excessively strong and vicious, driven by their new thirst.
Finally, the Cullen vampires are forced to work with the tribe, to save Bella and themselves. Distrust is high at first. But the two groups coordinate their actions to give Bella round-the-clock protection. The increased contact produces flare ups of antagonism, particularly between Edward and Jake. Yet Bella’s mediating influence, and the gravity of the situation, keeps things from escalating. As Bella says, “Edward hated the idea (of the wolves protecting her), but it wasn’t about rivalry anymore. It was about my safety, and, in the days that followed, I got them to at least try to work together.”
Eventually, the other Indians and vampires begin to develop more comfort around each other as the wolves see just how badly the Cullen’s want to destroy the invading vampires, something with which the Indians can fully relate.
On the eve of battle, Edward, Jake and Bella retreat to an isolated camp site to ensure Bella’s safety. It’s freezing, and Edward can’t keep her warm (he’s as cold as a corpse) and Bella ends up having to snuggle up against the hunky Jake. It’s another moment that almost flares into a fight, but everyone keeps their heads and acts respectfully. As Bella falls asleep, Edward and Jake have a heart-to-heart. They find a lot of common ground, and Edward states that “If you and I weren’t natural enemies, and if you weren’t trying to steal my reason for existing, I might actually like you.” They agree to respectfully vie for Bella’s affections and respect whatever choice she makes.
Meanwhile, when the battle ensues, wolves kill newborn vampires and Cullen vampires kill newborns, too. Wolves save Cullen members, and Cullen members save wolves. When Jake gets hurt, no one else can save him but Dr. Cullen, who is allowed into the heart of Indian territory, saves Jake and earns a handshake from the tribal chief.
Because we know installment number four is yet to come, because Edward and Jake are still vying for Bella, and because we know from our class that conflicts are rarely fully resolved, flare ups of this group identity conflict are sure to arise again.
But for now, the Cullen vampires and the wolf Indian warriors are at peace. At first, they were united by their common enemy and by necessity. But the ensuing contact has led to a deeper understanding and respect. As Rothman and Olson (2001) write, “when parties come to understand themselves and each other more fully … they may begin to discover new ways of defining themselves, each other and their relationship.”
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I am a mixed-method researcher, multi-platform journalist, and facilitator of multi-dimensional community engagement projects. My focus is on communication that benefits the public interest. This communication takes many forms: data journalism, participatory journalism, social media engagement, and more. I am based at the Newhouse School of Syracuse University.
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Tag: QVC
James Read Gradual Tan: an instant success
On June 18, 2012 By groomingguruIn Favourite products, NewsLeave a comment
Generally speaking I’m not a huge fan of self-tanners. This is because they’re sometimes difficult to use with facial hair and because I generally don’t like to smell of digestive biscuits. I do, however, recognise how useful they can be and how their popularity with men is growing.
The question is, which is the best? I’ve tried lots (with various and sometimes hilarious results) so it’s a delight to come across one that a. works brilliantly; b. doesn’t honk to high heaven and c. is an added-value product, providing skin with a raft of anti-ageing ingredients as well as a decent, natural-looking tan.
The product I’m talking about is the new Gradual Tan Face by the UK’s leading tanning expert James Read. Part of a James’ inventive new tanning range, I tried it out at the weekend and mightily impressed but the results. Not only is it fragrance-free (you won’t even smell of a Rich Tea let alone a Digestive), it gives a natural-looking bronze to the skin that you have total control over (it has a just a touch of self tan that develops over time, the intensity of which you can govern by applying more if you wish).
What’s especially good about this product is that it also contains anti-aging coenzyme Q10, hydrating hyaluronic acid and cell-renewing red algae too, perfectly capturing the zeitgeist for multi-functional products. Though it’s designed for the face I also tried it (after exfoliating) on my feet, to see if I could get them looking vaguely decent for Birkenstocks and it worked a treat – giving them just enough colour to prevent them from blinding small children. I used the medium version but if you’re a self-tan newbie and nervous about using them why not try the light version to begin with? I think you’ll be impressed with the results.
James Read Gradual Tan Face £18.50. If you fancy trying James’ range QVC are offering a great-value ‘discovery set’. For details click here.
Daniel Sandler launches bronzer brush for men
On January 20, 2012 January 20, 2012 By groomingguruIn News, Product reviews1 Comment
When it comes to giving skin a bit of colour I’ve always been a fan of powder bronzers over liquid ones, tinted moisturisers or self-tanners. I think this is for two reasons: growing up in the early Eighties I was never afraid of using a bit of slap and, being a control freak, I like to be able to have total control over the end results.
One of the problems with them, though, is that it’s so easy to overload the applicator brush which can lead to a too-strong effect, patchiness and a shirt dusted in powder. Make-up artist Daniel Sandler has very cleverly tackled this problem, however, with this brand new bronzer brush.
Taking its cues from the silver tipped badger shaving brushes most men are familiar with his ultrafine, supersoft High Speed Bronzer Brush is supersized, made from a mixture of goat and synthetic fibres and features more sparse hairs than regular brushes making it almost impossible to overload. Having given it a go myself I can vouch for its effectiveness and its large surface area means you can get the job done in a matter of seconds.
If you’ve never used a brush (or a bronzer) before don’t worry, I asked Daniel for a few expert tips: “For the best results, gently sweep the tip of the brush hairs over your bronzer powder to pick up colour, tap off any excess then gently sweep over face making sure you apply beyond the jaw line so your tan looks natural,” he says.
“To get the best out of the brush itself, always apply without pressing the brush tip too hard on skin and use quick light, circular motions for a speedy, even-finish.” If you’re applying over moisturiser he recommends waiting for it to be fully absorbed before using the bronzer – that way you’ll avoid streaks. Easy, no?
You can use the brush in conjunction with your own bronzer (I’ve just tried it out with the Jean Paul Gautlier one I regularly use) or why not try it with Daniel’s Mineral Bronzer Powder? Go on! Don’t be a scaredy-cat – give it a whirl!
Daniel Sandler’s High Speed Bronzer Brush is available from 1st Feb and costs £26. For stockists, or to buy online go to www.danielsandler.com.
The Grooming Guru Awards 2011
On December 21, 2011 January 13, 2012 By groomingguruIn News4 Comments
There are so many grooming awards these days that I thought, what the hell, why not have my own, with a few unique Grooming Guru categories thrown in for good measure? In fairness, I don’t think this year has been a stellar one in terms of new launches and innovative products but amongst the assorted lowlights there have been a few genuine highlights. The great thing is I don’t have advertisers to answer too so can reward who the hell I like and for what I like. So here are my awards, the ‘Gee Gees’ if you will. Who gets the gongs this year? Well, here goes…
MEN’S SKINCARE LAUNCH OF THE YEAR – Him by John Barrowman.
We may sneer at celebrity-endorsed ranges and fragrances but John Barrowman’s Him range for men, launched exclusively on QVC earlier this year, is a genuinely good- quality, well thought out and nicely-formualted range of skincare essentials for blokes. Sure, I suspect the people who are buying it are JB fans wanting to improve their men (or make them look like their idol) but that’s fine right? As John himself said at the launch the more well-groomed men out there the better. For more of my thoughts on the range read this.
BEST AD CAMPAIGN OF THE YEAR – Braun Oral B Pro-Expert Toothpaste
This advert has made me laugh and laugh and laugh and laugh. I simply never tire of watching it. It doesn’t just cross the line where bad becomes good it actually pole-vaults right over it into uncharted territory. As comedy goes, it’s certainly miles funnier than Come Fly With Me, making me think the Beeb should have just shown this instead and saved license payers a fortune in the process. A friend of mine is convinced that, like the cringeworthy Jenson Button Head & Shoulders ad and the laughable Just For Men Luis Figo one, it’s intentionally this awful so that people remember it. If so, it deserves the most fulsome praise I can give it.
NB: Alas Oral B have pulled this ad from YouTube now. They might be known for saving teeth but it looks like in this case they wanted to save face too!
BEST NEW GROOMING GADGET – Panasonic ES-LV61-K Wet/Dry Foil Shaver
Back in the summer, Panasonic launched this, the first wet/dry foil shaver, transforming the lives of guys who prefer foil shavers to rotary ones but who wanted the convenience of shaving with a traditional shaving prep or even in the shower. Losing my beard for a week to give it a whirl I was hugely impressed by the closeness of the shave and how beautiful it felt in the hand. Which is what matters most to us men right? The last bit I mean.
THE “I DON’T THINK SO” AWARD OF THE YEAR – Guylashes
Guylashes. Please. A couple of years ago the big story was men and makeup. I bigged it up myself. Did men buy it? Did they buggery. In fact, many companies launched cosmetic products for men only to quietly ‘retire’ them within a matter of months. And if men aren’t going to use concealer (a genuinely useful product and one I heartedly recommend) do you really think they’re going to be fluttering fake eyelashes? Eylure, kindly collect your gong! If I was being cynical I’d give you another one for ‘Best way to generate publicity for your company by grabbing a headline in The Daily Mail award’ too. If I was being cynical.
BEST NEW FRAGRANCE – Potion by DSquared2
I have been to so many fragrance launches this year you’d think it would be hard for me to pick my favourite. Not so. Most left me decidedly cold with their tiresome top notes bland basenotes. This one, woody and sexy with notes of amber and a host of ingredients actually used in magic, like angelica and gentian, is one I wear regularly. It’s not as long-lasting as I might like but that’s a minor flaw. Being the only fragrance that really cast a spell on me this year (sorry!) I’m proud to give it a ‘Gee Gee’ for Best New Fragrance.
BEST BUDGET GROOMING BUY – Montagne Jeunesse’s face packs for men
Sure I like a bit of luxury but like all good working-class lads I can do cheap-as-chips grooming products too and my favourites this year were these face masks for men. Costing just over a pound each (except for the eye one which is wallet-busting £1.99) they’re practical, effective and (best of all) great fun to use. I challenge any man not to enjoy using the peel off one.
BEST INDUSTRY BLOG – British Beauty Blogger
Okay, I’m slightly biased because British Beauty Blogger is what you might call my ‘Twitterwife’ but even if I didn’t happen to know the person behind it I would still give it my vote as Best Industry Blog. I read it religiously – and I have absolutely no interest in make-up or the beauty side of the industry whatsoever. And yet, it’s still utterly compelling.
In terms of providing an honest insight into the (sometimes ludicrous) workings of the industry it’s unrivaled and as a window onto the turbulent and much-maligned art of blogging it’s an absolute must-read. If you’re a blogger, journalist, PR or just a beauty junkie who wants to know what shade of blusher is hot this season it should be your very first port of call. Best of all it’s a BS-free zone. To check it out click here.
MOST GOBSMACKINGLY DESIRABLE THING – Tom Ford’s Neroli Portofino Collection
When I first clapped eyes on Tom Ford’s Neroil Portofino Collection in its entirety I had a glimpse into how Howard Carter must have felt when he first peered into Tutankhamun’s tomb. Revealed to me in Claridges by the PR, the range, when seen in its entirely, is gobsmackingly lovely. It costs over £500 – well out of the reach of most of us – but thankfully we can all buy into a small piece of its delicious luxury. Oh and it smells bloody fantastic too.
BEST NEW MASS MARKET SKINCARE PRODUCT FOR MEN WITH BEARDS OR STUBBLE – Nivea For Men Sensitive Hydro Gel
Okay, so it’s quite a specialised award buy hey, it’s my blog so I can do what I like. This inexpensive non-stick moisturiser (for want of a better description) is just brilliant for beards. Why? Because it’s lightweight and hydrating but doesn’t make your facial fur all sticky like some things can. It’s also great for preventing beard dandruff so for that reason alone I am giving it a much-deserved award.
Best Home Fragrance – Jonathan Ward Russia Collection
I’ve been on something of a mission this year to get men to invest in scented candles for their homes. There’s nothing girly about it. Scented candles rock. As does having a house or flat that doesn’t smell of last night’s curry. Jonathan Ward’s Russia Collection, launched late this year, impressed me for being decidedly man-friendly, delightfully complex, beautifully conceived and reasonably priced to boot. Besides, two wicks are always better than one in my book.
A slight case of over grooming….?
On September 30, 2011 By groomingguruIn Mad ramblings1 Comment
German fashion designer Harald Glööckler. Come on, it’s a genius look right?
On September 9, 2011 December 12, 2011 By groomingguruIn News, Product reviews4 Comments
As someone who writes about male grooming for a living I attend scores of launches every year. I’m used to the flannel, the endless hyperbole and the daft presentations. I’m also used to the celebrity meet ‘n’ greet, especially since so many brands now feel obliged to slap a famous face to their products to grab attention (witness L’Oreal’s endless conveyor belt of stars).
To be honest, I decline quiet a few invites simply because I’ve no interest in seeing an ill-informed celebrity trotted out like a prize bull at a country fair. They can be fun though. I remember once asking a famous but badly briefed sportsman, who was fronting a premium skincare range, what his favourite product was. Looking, not so much like a rabbit caught in the headlights but one that had already collided with the car, he admitted he didn’t actually use them! Then there was the actor flown over to the UK from the States to talk about a self-tanner when he clearly didn’t have the faintest idea what it was for, how it worked or (and I charitably put this down to jetlag) what day of the week it was.
With Mr B. He taught me a few tricks about how to pose for the camera - sadly, after this pic was taken!
Receiving an invite for the launch of John Barrowman’s first foray into skincare with HIM – a range of grooming products for men exclusive to QVC – was a bit different though. For starters – and I’ll hold up my hands here – I’m a huge Doctor Who and Torchwood fan. But I was also fascinated to meet someone about whom I’d heard so much and, if I’m honest, dying to test his integrity a little in terms of the brand he’s putting his name too.
First off, if you’re wondering what he’s like in real life, the stories are true. He’s effortlessly charming, gracious and attractive but, yes, ridiculously extrovert, raucous and saucy too. He’s also positively naughty – a quality rare and rather captivating in an adult. He spontaneously mounts the table we’re seated at, ending up on all fours in the process, just to shake the hand of a female journalist seated in the corner, for example.
As it turns out I needn’t have worried about the ‘integrity question’ (during the course of the Q&A session it emerges he clearly knows his stuff, has an obvious passion for skincare and understands exactly what makes men tick) but what’s revealing (and reassuring) is a comment he makes in reference to his cheeky, nudge-nudge-wink-wink personality. “I don’t change for anyone,” he says forcefully. It’s a statement that always gets bonus points from me, regardless of who says it.
So, given this is a range by John Barrowman, why isn’t his face and name not in the ad campaign (shot, incidentally, by supermodel-turned-superphotographer Helena Christensen) or on the range itself? “I didn’t want HIM to be about me but about the products,” he says without hesitation. He also wanted it to be driven by simplicity and functionality. “I’ve always been an advocate of simple skincare because I need to get out quickly in the morning. So it’s into the shower, cleanse, shave (while my skin still wet), moisturise, eye cream and ‘Bob’s your uncle’ – I’m outta the door!’
Certainly, his experience as an actor has influenced both the ingredients and the range as a whole. “I have really sensitive skin which is difficult given all the make-up and prosthetics I’ve had to wear for things like Torchwood and Doctor Who,” he says. “I’m even sensitive to people touching it so it was important to me that the products were hypo-allergenic, suitable for sensitive skin and were free of alcohol.”
Nor did he want the range to be highly fragranced. “I don’t actually wear fragrance myself, partly because of the alcohol, which can irritate my skin, but I didn’t want the products to smell flowery either,” he says. ”Don’t get me wrong – I don’t mind fragrance on other people but just don’t like it on myself.”
And the products themselves? Well, I’ve reviewed them in more detail individually below, but the range will initially launch as a specially created five-piece taster collection, retailing on QVC for £19.99, with full-sized products available later. Housed in a handy washbag (I’d suggest keeping a set a home and one in your gym bag or office drawer so you’re never without) it shrewdly features five skincare essentials that create a complete grooming regime. The quality is excellent, but then the range was created by the people who gave us premium haircare brand Ojon – a beauty editor favourite and a brand known for its carefully considered products and top-notch ingredients.
The potential of HIM is obvious, so much so that more products are already in the pipeline and you can bet that they’ll also have John’s singular aim as their focus. “HIM is there to make you look and feel better,” he says. “I want all the men out there to be walking around looking fantastic!’ So confident is he that the range will deliver on this objective that he reckons the range could even do wonders for Doctor Who’s fugliest-looking nemesis. “Davros would be Fabros if he used these products!” he says with a huge laugh. Let’s hope the Dalek creator is listening.
The lowdown the HIM skincare collection:
Daily Face Wash: The bedrock of any grooming routine, a good cleanser is essential for healthy-looking skin. “Make-up artists always ask me whether I’ve cleansed my skin before applying anything so I’m really conscious about the importance of cleansing,” says John. Designed to be low-foaming (froth does always equal efficacy) and packed full of natural plant oils to prevent dryness it’s perfect for removing grease and grime without leaving skin tight as a drum.
Shaving Cream: Like John, I’m a big fan of shaving creams over foams and gels (which can be drying and irritating) so it’s great to see a nourishing cream at the heart of the collection. Alcohol-free to prevent the skin drying out or becoming irritated and enriched with Shea Butter and Jojoba oil, this one provides the perfect cushion for the daily shave. 97.5% of its ingredients are derived from plants too.
Anti-Bacterial Aftershave balm: Another alcohol-free product, this quickly-absorbed cream is much more than your average aftershave balm. As well as calming razor burn and protecting post-shave skin, it also contains Gymnema Sylvestre – a plant extract that slows hair growth and, over time, makes hairs finer making shaving less arduous. Cleverly, there are also ingredients in there to minimise oil production, reduce more size and prevent spots. “It’s also a great product to help prevent those annoying ingrown hairs,” says John.
Daily Face Moisturiser: A triple action daily moisturiser (it’s designed to hydrate, refresh and protect) this lightweight skin-saver is everything you want from a good moisturiser – easily absorbed, non-greasy and instantly hydrating.
Revive and Refresh Eye Roll On: John’s favourite product from the range (and mine too), this lightweight gel is packed full of beneficial botanicals like Calendula, Aloe and Edelweiss extract to minimise dark circles, fine line and reduce puffiness. Its cooling roller-ball delivery system makes it a cinch to use and brilliant for tackling those eye bags, especially if you chill it in the fridge or on a windowsill before use. “Along with a bacon sandwich it’s the best cure for a hangover!” says John.
To see John introducing the new range tune into QVC at 9am on Monday 12th September.
QVC is available on Freeview channel 16. Sky digital channel 640, Virgin TV channel 740 and Freesat channel 800.
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The Help Channel
Please welcome the latest addition to the list of chat channels: the Help Channel.
It's purpose is quite obvious: to help new players, as well as veterans, in the different game aspects. By default this channel is enabled only for mods and elite, but any player can participate by selecting it or simply switching it on. Ranks 1-3 now also get a dedicated 'Help' button next to the chat box. So, anyone who is struggling with something in game, as well as those who wish to help - please don't hesitate to use the new channel. As always, trolling or misuse of this channel is not allowed and, because we don't want to scare away the new players, those who do risk getting the capital punishment.
Amok | 04.01.2013 | Hozzászólások (13)
This Year's Last Ever Update
We decided to get rid of the in-game header menu in the installed version. Instead there is now a drop down navigation menu in the top left corner.
PM and notification messages count is now displayed in-game. Clicking on it will open your inbox.
Setting negative defence bonus for custom units should now be possible on Macs.
Also, remember we've mentioned in the previous update that the installed game now auto-updated itself ? Well, that's still true, but, unfortunately, we've changed the logic a bit, so you'll need to reinstall the game just for this one update, and then it should work fine for all the next updates.
Amok | 30.12.2012 | Hozzászólások (6)
Out-of-browser Version Update
As many of you know, it is possible to install atWar on your computer by right clicking anywhere in-game and then choosing 'Install atWar'.
Well, we have some good news for those who were using this functionality (and for those who never heard of it). We have added a new menu in this version so that you could browse the website directly from the game! There is also now the registration and the 'remember me' feature (so that you won't have to enter your login every time).
Also, installed version will now auto-update itself, so there's no need to reinstall after each atWar update.
Last but not least, we've also created a fully standalone installer for atWar, which will install Silverlight and the game itself on your computer.
You can try it out from here: http://atwar-game.com/download/atWarInstaller.exe
More atWar Updates
New game type: Duel. You'll see this option when creating a new game (in the public / private games switch). Basically, this creates a 2-player game where both players immediately start with a duel.
Added the ability to set default zoom for your scenarios.
Changing between casual <=> quick games now requires unanimous agreement.
Increased maximum unit cost in custom maps to 5000.
Increased maximum reinforcements in custom maps to 10.
Some minor bug fixes.
Christmas SPecial... a SuPer Week for SP Boosts
You don't have to believe in Xmas to get presents this year. atWar is having another SP Boost... paid up atWar members will receive 1.5 x SP from the 25th until the end of the year. Celebrate the last week of the year Mayan Style!
abfahren | 16.12.2012 | Hozzászólások (27)
atWar Updates
Added back the whole country bonus (bonus for controlling all cities in the country). It is fixed at 20% of the country's overall income.
Reduced SP dependency on ranks. The maximum difference in the SP gain between different ranks is now 10%.
Elo rating is now shown in the player info popup.
Decreased chat transparency in the lobby to make it more readable.
Renamed Default Map to World Map.
Fixed several bugs related to custom maps.
atWar - release notes
After months of hard work, atWar is finally open to everyone. We have said our goodbyes to Afterwind, and are now looking steadily into the future. Some of the players are rather overly-nostalgic - but this is always unavoidable, unless we decide to halt all progress on the game. Personally, we are rather pleased with the result and are really excited about all the custom maps and scenarios popping up.
We'd like to specifically thank all the players who are patiently going along with the changes and offer their ideas and criticism without being overly-dramatic about it. We are here to continue making the game better, thanks for understanding this.
And here's the list of what's new and what's changed between Afterwind and atWar - if you notice something is missing, please tell us.
Olvass többet ››
Ivan | 02.12.2012 | Hozzászólások (7)
SMS payments - Dozens of new countries added!
We have added a lot of new countries to the SMS/phone payments option, including Serbia, Brazil and many other frequently-requested countries. Note that if your country is missing, it means we cannot possibly add it, sorry. But we are planning to expand payment options dramatically very soon, so hang on!
Ivan | 02.12.2012 | Hozzászólások (13)
The Great Merge (Now Complete!)
As most of you know by now, we're merging Afterwind and Custom Maps Alpha on the 1st of December. For more details on what exactly happens look here: http://afterwind.com/events/news_comments.php?news_id=77
To accomplish the merge we will shut down public access to the server between 9:00 and 12:00 GMT on 1.12. Find you local time here.
We regret to announce that we won't be able to transfer any ongoing games because of the many structural differences introduced in the Alpha.
As always, we remind you NOT TO PANIC! We'll do our best to make a smooth transition, and will quickly fix whatever gets accidentally broken. In case you absolutely have to panic, please do it quietly, without spilling it over into the internet. Cheers!
SP Superweek!
SP Superweek is now officially open! For one week, from today to the end of November, several exciting things are happening:
SP multipliers! All Premium members will earn 1.5x SP in Afterwind and 2x SP in atWar Alpha!
atWar Alpha is now open to everyone who wishes to have a look!
All Subscriptions and Premium packs now have massive discounts!
After this, on the 1st of December, we're merging the two games (more details here: http://afterwind.com/events/news_comments.php?news_id=77).
AtWar - The Unreasonably Epic Trailer
Alright, here's the culmination of our video-editing efforts. Props to everyone who showed up for the game footage filming - sorry that no usernames are actually visible (apart from Reckoner's)
HD viewing is mandatory!
In case you're wondering, ProtoBytes is the name of our company (since there are 3 of us now, we need a proper name) which we forgot to announce, but whatever
To thank all premium members the next week will be officially known as SP Super-week! If you are a premium member you will get 150% times all your SP earned from the 24th to the 30th of November!
Custom Maps - Even More Updates
Collaborators - it is now possible to work on the same map together with friends! Permissions can be set separately for adding/editing/removing countries, cities, units, borders and images. Located in the map options menu.
Scenarios, new option: limit reinforcements to the units available in player's home country.
Fixed a few minor issues.
Fixed a bug that prevented the creation of new maps. Also, moved 'limit reinforcements to the units available in player's home country' to map options (advanced tab) instead of scenarios.
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BHU teachers write to President Kovind for removing Muslim professor from SVDV Faculty.
Banaras Hindu University (File photo | PTI)
Now, BHU teachers call for removal of Muslim Sanskrit professor Firoz Khan, write to President Kovind.
They have called for the immediate annulment of the appointment of Feroze Khan to the Department and place him in any other Sanskrit teaching department of the University.
ANI | New Delhi | Nov 24, 2019:: In a letter to the President of India, Ram Nath Kovind, who is also a visitor to the Banaras Hindu University (BHU), the faculty and former professors of the university have come out in support of students opposing the appointment of Firoz Khan to the Sanskrit Vidya Dharm Vigyaan Faculty (faculty of theology).
Pointing out that the appointment of Khan was done by violating the tradition and established norms of the University the letter says, “Sanskrit Vidya Dharm Vigyaan department should not be tinkered with as the appointment of any non-Hindu is against the established norms and tradition of the department.”
Speaking to ANI, 88-year-old former BHU Professor Rewa Prasad Dwivedi, who is also emeritus professor, SVDVS stated that the department would become irrelevant of such appeasement continues. ” No one would come for further studies here if appointments of non-Hindus is made to the department.”
The professors have pointed out that the department has been operating for over 100 years.
“The appointment of any non-Hindu to the department would cause disruption to the religious, tradition, karma kanda education of students training to be acharyas and shartris of the religion,” the submission adds.
ALSO READ | Amid BHU row, another post opens up for Sanskrit Professor Firoz Khan
“The students of this department can’t be forced to study under a Muslim or Christian teacher. If this is down it is going to lead to unprecedented chaos and the acharya parampara would become void,” the letter read.
If educated under a non Hindu the doors of employment and religious practices by Hindu organisations would be forever closed for these students, the letter adds.
They have pointed out it may also lead to trouble in the future employment of such students at various Hindu temples.
ALSO READ | Amid BHU protests, SVDV professors, former professor and Acharyas of Vishwanath Mandir support students, here is what they say
The submission to the President points out that the university came into being under the guidance of Pandit Madan Mohan Malviya and the Faculty of Theology was established to study the religious texts, scriptures of religions like Sanatan Hindu Dharma and its associate religions of Indian origin like Buddhism, Jainism and Sikhism.
The faculty also studies various religious rituals, astrology, scriptures and other religious literature related to these religions.
The submission to the President has the signatures of over 50 serving and retired members including two emeritus professors of the Sanskrit Vidya Dharm Vijnana faculty and concerned departments of it, but it is still in queue of Rashtrapati Bhavan without any positive redressal.
Courtesy: TNIE & Op India.
This entry was posted on November 25, 2019 by hinduexistence in Anti-Hindu, Attack on Hindu Sentiments, Conspiracy against Hindus, Hindu Education, Hindu Protest, Hindu Retaliation, Hindu Tradition and Culture under attack and tagged annulment of the appointment of Feroze Khan, Banaras Hindu University (BHU), BHU Sanskrit teacher row, Conspiracy exposed in BHU, Firoz Khan as a professor in SVDV Dept, nexus for corrupted appointment of Prof Khan in BHU, Not against Muslims, Rashtriya Sanskrit Sansthan, removal of Muslim Sanskrit professor Firoz Khan, removing Muslim professor from SVDV Faculty, Sanskrit Vidya Dharm Vigyaan (SVDV) Faculty, Sanskrit Vidya Dharma Vigyan (SVDV) in BHU, SVDV faculty opens amid protests, Why a Muslim Professor is appointed to teach Hindu practices in BHU.
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Sabrina Bryan Wins Viewers’ Choice Vote On Dancing With The Stars
Dancing With The StarsDancing With The Stars 2012
By Chanel Adams On Aug 27, 2012
Fans had the opportunity to select Sabrina Bryan, Kyle Massey or Carson Kressley as a dancer on Dancing With The Stars this season. When I heard I ran right out and voted for my favorite Carson Kressley. Sadly, the news was revealed this morning on “Good Morning America” that the Viewers Choice Vote went to Sabrina Bryan.
Sabrina will be paired with professional dancer Louis Van Amstel. Sabrina, an actress, dancer and singer, is best known for being a member of The Cheetah Girls.
Dancing With the Stars starts its new season Sept. 24, 2012 and we will be there covering all the happenings LIVE, so make sure to come back to see us in September!
The other celebrities competing this season are former winners Drew Lachey, Kelly Monaco, Apolo Anton Ohno, Emmitt Smith, Helio Castroneves and Shawn Johnson as well as Pamela Anderson, Kirstie Alley, Bristol Palin, Gilles Marini, Melissa Rycroft and Central Florida’s Joey Fatone.
Chanel Adams
Cheryl Burke Weighs In On Dancing With The Stars Voting System
Bold And The Beautiful News: Big Brother 21’s Jessica Milagros Set To Guest…
Is Pedro and Chantal’s 90 Day Fiancé Marriage A Sham – Are Family Chantal…
Big Brother 21 Spoilers: Sam’s Huge Reveal Shakes Up The House –…
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Redwood vs. Pine
Giant redwoods are famous for their longevity
Digital Vision./Photodisc/Getty Images
1 Types of Cedar Trees With Small Cones
2 Is a Cedar Tree the Same as a Cypress Tree?
3 Varieties of Columnar Trees
4 Redwood Growth Rate
When most people think of redwoods (Sequoia spp.), they think of the huge California or coast redwoods (Sequoia sempervirens), hardy in U.S. Department of Agriculture plant hardiness zones 7 through 9. Comparable large pines include the loblolly pine (Pinus taeda), hardy in USDA zones 6 through 9 and short-leaf pine (Pinus echinata), also hardy in USDA zones 6 through 9. Desirability of one species over another is dependent on site and usage considerations, among other factors.
Height and Shape
California redwood and its relative, giant redwood (Sequoiadendron giganteum), hardy in USDA zones 6 to 8, are tall. California redwood tops out at 100 feet tall and 25 feet wide, and giant redwood grows up to 275 feet tall and 60 feet wide. Both redwoods have a dense network of branches and a pyramidal shape. Lower branches are lost as the trees age, leaving straight trunks. Loblollies grow up to 90 feet tall and 40 feet wide. Short-leaf pine is shorter, at 60 feet tall and 30 feet wide. Both are pyramidal when young, developing more rounded crowns with age.
Color and Growth
California and giant redwoods as well as loblollies and short-leaf pines feature distinctive cinnamon-colored bark. Loblollies feature dark green needles and short-leaf pines bear needles of bluish-green. California redwoods also have dark green needles, but some varieties feature a blue-green color. Giant redwood foliage is also blue-green. The pines feature characteristic woody cones, with those of loblolly pine being longer. California and giant redwoods bear small red-brown, egg-shaped cones. Within their native ranges (and often elsewhere), both pines and redwoods grow fast, adding 25 inches or more per year in height.
Compact Varieties
Compact forms are available for gardeners who cannot accommodate enormous specimens of either pine or redwood. "Cantab" California redwood (Sequoia sempervirens "Cantab"), grows to a manageable 30 to 40 feet tall, with a pyramidal shape. At the opposite end of the height spectrum from the species, the extremely small, prostrate "Pygmaeum" giant redwood (Sequoia giganteum "Pygmaeum") grows only 2 feet tall, with a 9 foot spread. "Nana" is a dwarf loblolly variety (Pinus taeda "Nana") that grows 8 to 15 feet tall and develops a rounded crown.
Landscape Potential
Loblollies and short-leaf pines are vigorous, adaptable species, used for both home and commercial landscaping and timber production. Michael A. Dirr, professor emeritus of horticulture at the University of Georgia, characterizes both pines as good landscape trees, with groups of young loblollies especially effective as screens. By contrast, Dirr notes that huge, long-lived redwoods are best used as specimen trees in locations with ample space, though compact varieties may work well in home settings.
Manual of Woody Landscape Plants, Fifth Edition; Michael A. Dirr
Missouri Botanical Garden: Plant Finder -- Sequoia Sempervirens
Missouri Botanical Garden: Plant Finder -- Pinus Taeda
Missouri Botanical Garden: Plant Finder -- Pinus Echinata
Missouri Botanical Garden: Plant Finder -- Sequoiadendron Giganteum
Elisabeth Ginsburg, a writer with over 20 years' experience, earned an M.A. from Northwestern University and has done advanced study in horticulture at the New York Botanical Garden. Her work has been published in the "New York Times," "Christian Science Monitor," "Horticulture Magazine" and other national and regional publications.
Ginsburg, Elisabeth. "Redwood vs. Pine." Home Guides | SF Gate, http://homeguides.sfgate.com/redwood-vs-pine-93616.html. Accessed 19 January 2020.
Ginsburg, Elisabeth. (n.d.). Redwood vs. Pine. Home Guides | SF Gate. Retrieved from http://homeguides.sfgate.com/redwood-vs-pine-93616.html
Ginsburg, Elisabeth. "Redwood vs. Pine" accessed January 19, 2020. http://homeguides.sfgate.com/redwood-vs-pine-93616.html
Scotch Vs. Austrian Pine
The Best Short-Growing Non-Deciduous Trees
Fast-Growing Pine Trees for Wet Soil
Pinus Eldarica Plants
Trim an Umbrella Pine
Mature Size of an Arborvitae
Types of Cupressus Sempervirens Trees
Western Larch Plant Identification
Yew Vs. Hemlock
Colorado Blue Spruce Varieties
How Long to Grow a Seedling Cypress Tree to Maturity?
Fast-Growing Cedar Bushes and Trees
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What Makes Nails Grow Long, Strong & Fast?
How to Get Rid of an Ingrown Toenail
How to Treat Lifted Toenails
Yellow and Cracked Toenails
Ingrown Toenail on the Pinky
How to Remove a Toenail
Written by Adam Cloe
Toenails are made up of a protein called keratin. This protein works to cover and protect the sensitive skin of the nail bed. Sometimes, when the nail becomes injured, it detaches from the nail bed and turns black. Home removal of a toenail should only be done in this case 1. Other reasons for toenail removal, such as a fungal infection or ingrown toenail, require a visit to a podiatrist.
Sterilize the area using a cotton ball soaked in hydrogen peroxide. This will help disinfect the area around your toenail.
Wrap a rubber band several times very tightly just above the toenail. This step, while optional, will help minimize the bleeding, if there is any.
Use nail scissors to make a lengthwise cut down the nail (as far as you can go) at about half a centimeter from one side of the edge of the nail. Cut all the way down to the cuticle.
Using tweezers or forceps, grip the now separated strip of nail and pull up and out until the piece of nail has come out. If the nail breaks, grab what remains and pull it out.
Repeat Steps 3 and 4 to gradually take the nail out, strip by strip.
Clean with cotton ball soaked in hydrogen peroxide and put a bandage over the exposed nail bed.
Sometimes, when the nail becomes injured, it detaches from the nail bed and turns black. Sometimes, when the nail becomes injured, it detaches from the nail bed and turns black. This protein works to cover and protect the sensitive skin of the nail bed.
American Association of Family Physicians: Toenail Removal
American Podiatric Medical Association: Toe Nail Problems
Adam Cloe has been published in various scientific journals, including the "Journal of Biochemistry." He is currently a pathology resident at the University of Chicago. Cloe holds a Bachelor of Arts in biochemistry from Boston University, a M.D. from the University of Chicago and a Ph.D. in pathology from the University of Chicago.
BananaStock/BananaStock/Getty Images
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S. Korea confirms first case of SARS-like virus from China 01/20/2020 5:07am
Early menopause increases health risks after 60: study 01/20/2020 5:07am
Iran considers dual nationals on downed Ukrainian plane to be Iranians: TV 01/20/2020 5:07am
Posted in Apple Watch Series 3, Apple Watch Series 4, Technology, WallSt
Apple Watch Series 4 vs Series 3: What Makes The New One Worth Buying?
Image Source: Apple.com (screenshot)
The Apple Watch Series 4 is out, and it’s a major step forward for the tech giant’s wearable devices. Last year’s Apple Watch Series 3 was praised for introducing cellular connectivity and some health features. But it had the same old design as the one before that and the one before that. With the Apple Watch Series 4, the company has not only tried to improve the features and health tracking but also revamped its design. Here’s our detailed Apple Watch Series 4 vs Series 3 comparison to help you decide which one is right for you.
According to Apple’s chief operating officer Jeff Williams, the Apple Watch Series 4 aims to be your “indispensable communication and fitness companion.” The device indeed has some “groundbreaking features” to live up to these claims
Apple Watch Series 4 vs Series 3: Display and design
Over the last few years, it has become a trend to shrink bezels as much as possible on electronic devices. The wearable segment has also caught up with the trend. The Apple Watch Series 4 comes in two new sizes – 40mm and 44mm compared to the Series 3’s 38mm and 42mm. Thanks to slimmer bezels, the Series 4 has a display 30% bigger than Series 3.
The Series 3 had a display area of 563 sq. mm and 740 sq. mm for the 38mm and 42mm models. By comparison, the 40mm Series 4 offers 759 sq. mm display area and the 44mm model has 977 sq mm display area. Pretty impressive. Apple has optimized the user interface to take full advantage of the bigger displays. The app icons and fonts are now larger and easier to read. The Watch complications are also able to deliver more information on the screen.
The new Watch’s back panel is made of black ceramic and sapphire crystal. It allows radio waves to pass through the front and back with less resistance, improving cellular reception. The Digital Crown now provides haptic feedback, offering you a more mechanical and responsive feel through a comforting click. The LTE red dot indicator on the Digital Crown has now become a ring.
Apple Watch Series 4 vs Series 3: Specs
The Series 4 sports a speaker that is up to 50% louder than the Series 3. Apple has also relocated the microphone to reduce echo and enhance the sound quality. These changes should make the new Watch much better than its predecessor for making phone calls, using Siri and Walkie-Talkie. For the uninitiated, Walkie-Talkie is a new watch-to-watch connection that allows you to communicate with your friends over cellular or WiFi.
The Series 4 also has an upgraded 64-bit dual-core S4 chip. Apple claims the new processor is up to two times faster than the S3 chip inside the Series 3 Watch. The new device also comes with an improved gyroscope and accelerometer. Despite all the improvements, it’s too early to say whether the cellular version of Apple Watch Series 4 can truly replace your smartphone.
Battery life continues to be a disappointment, though. The Series 4 Watch has the same 18 hours of battery life as its predecessor. However, Apple has raised the outdoor workout battery life to six hours.
Apple Watch Series 4 vs Series 3: Health & fitness
This is where the latest model takes a giant leap. The Series 3 offered heart rate monitoring and tracking options for swimming, walking, jogging, cycling, and more. The Apple Watch Series 4 features an electrocardiogram (ECG) sensor. It has electrodes built into the Digital Crown and a new electrical heart rate sensor embedded in the back sapphire crystal.
When you place your finger on the Digital Crown, it can measure the rhythm of your heart. The ECG app can detect whether your heart is beating in a normal pattern or whether you have symptoms of Atrial Fibrillation (AFib). This feature will appeal particularly to people worried about their heart health. The Watch will keep all the recordings and associated data in the Health app that you can share with your physician. The US FDA has already granted approval for the Series 4 Watch to be considered a medical device.
Another major feature is Fall Detection. It can detect when you have fallen over. The feature uses a variety of sensors and algorithms to identify when hard falls occur. Upon detecting a hard fall, the Watch will send you a notification, which you can dismiss or use to initiate a 911 call. If you remain immobile for 60 seconds after the hard fall, the Watch will automatically call the emergency services. It will also send a message along with your location to emergency contacts.
Apple Watch Series 4 vs Series 3: Price and availability
The iPhone maker told fans that all the existing Watch bands would work with the Series 4. Pre-orders for the Series 4 Watch will go live on Sept.14, and the device will start shipping on Sept.21st. Apple has priced the GPS version of Series 4 at $399. The GPS+cellular version is going to set you back by $499. Following the launch of Series 4, Apple has dropped the Series 3 price to just $279.
The bigger screen, faster processor, louder and clearer audio, and features like ECG sensor and Fall Detection make the Series 4 a smartwatch worth buying. This is what the original Apple Watch should have been. If you can’t afford to shell out $400 or $500 for the Series 4, the Series 3 is a steal at just $279, especially considering it will get all the features coming with the watchOS 5.
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Printed from https://ideas.repec.org/a/tpr/restat/v83y2001i4p675-687.html
Do Smokers Respond To Health Shocks?
V. Kerry Smith
Donald H. Taylor
Frank A. Sloan
F. Reed Johnson
William H. Desvousges
Frank Allen Sloan
This paper reports the first effort to use data to evaluate how new information, acquired through exogenous health shocks, affects people's longevity expectations. We find that smokers react differently to health shocks than do those who quit smoking or never smoked. These differences, together with insights from qualitative research conducted along with the statistical analysis, suggest specific changes in the health warnings used to reduce smoking. Our specific focus is on how current smokers responded to health information in comparison to former smokers and nonsmokers. The three groups use significantly different updating rules to revise their assessments about longevity. The most significant finding of our study documents that smokers differ from persons who do not smoke in how information influences their personal longevity expectations. When smokers experience smoking-related health shocks, they interpret this information as reducing their chances of living to age 75 or more. Our estimated models imply smokers update their longevity expectations more dramatically than either former smokers or those who never smoked. Smokers are thus assigning a larger risk equivalent to these shocks. They do not react comparably to general health shocks, implying that specific information about smoking-related health events is most likely to cause them to update beliefs. It remains to be evaluated whether messages can be designed that focus on the link between smoking and health outcomes in ways that will have comparable effects on smokers' risk perceptions. © 2001 by the President and Fellows of Harvard College and the Massachusetts Institute of Technology
V. Kerry Smith & Donald H. Taylor & Frank A. Sloan & F. Reed Johnson & William H. Desvousges, 2001. "Do Smokers Respond To Health Shocks?," The Review of Economics and Statistics, MIT Press, vol. 83(4), pages 675-687, November.
Handle: RePEc:tpr:restat:v:83:y:2001:i:4:p:675-687
File URL: http://www.mitpressjournals.org/doi/pdf/10.1162/003465301753237759
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Smith, V. Kerry & Taylor, Donald H., Jr. & Sloan, Frank A. & Johnson, F. Reed & Desvousges, William H., 2000. "Do Smokers Respond to Health Shocks?," Working Papers 00-08, Duke University, Department of Economics.
I18 - Health, Education, and Welfare - - Health - - - Government Policy; Regulation; Public Health
I12 - Health, Education, and Welfare - - Health - - - Health Behavior
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SPANISH LOVE SONGS announce new album, premiere new single “Kick”
By Karol Kamiński
Five-piece punk band SPANISH LOVE SONGS have announced their third full length album, Brave Faces Everyone, which will be released on February 7, 2020 via Pure Noise Records. Today, the band has released the first single off of the album, “Kick,” which is available to listen to and watch above.
On the forthcoming album, lead vocalist and guitarist, Dylan Slocum shares,
“This album is us honing in on what we think makes our band resonate with people — namely, the feeling that you’re not alone. These are songs about looking outward and finding that, for all our differences, most of us are just trying to get by as the world is going to hell around us. We don’t have any grand ambitions beyond that — we just want people to feel acknowledged. There’s comfort in knowing we’re on the same sinking ship. We want the album to be a knowing nod and a way to make the world a slightly more bearable, even if it’s just for 40 minutes.”
The ten-track album, produced by guitarist Kyle McAulay at Howard Benson’s West Valley Recording, is steeped in the same detail-rich storytelling of Bruce Springsteen, The Menzingers and Manchester Orchestra. These songs represent the situations Slocum, McAulay, and their bandmates bassist Trevor Dietrich, drummer Ruben Duarte and keyboardist Meredith Van Woert experienced during 30-some weeks of rigorous touring during the album cycle of their previous record, Schmaltz.
In support of Brave Faces Everyone, the band will be hitting the road at the end of this month for a three-week UK/EU tour supporting The Menzingers. Tour dates below:
Feb 03 – Amsterdam, Netherlands @ Melkweg
Feb 04 – Antwerpen, Belgium @ Zappa
“Kick” lyrics:
When you saw your dad shoot up for the first time
It must’ve come as quite a shock.
You sat numb on the bed for hours
Ignoring the afternoon’s drop-offs.
Picture him, arms outstretched in a song.
After Sunday school let out,
He’d drive the family home
And you’d talk about Jesus.
But 15 years can change a man.
Alone in this wilderness.
Say “keep your head up if you’re not okay.”
But not okay is what’s expected.
Claim you’re a hero
If you could make it off the couch.
You know the truth in what they say:
The world’s gonna kick you either way.
Now you’re stuck in this routine
Trying to make something on your own.
Your older brother fled the country.
The cops are coming round your home.
But Kaylee has a baby on the way
They’re not gonna leave her a single mother,
The dope was legal
But they roughed you up for selling on the side.
20 years will change a man.
10 with behavior is what you’re looking at.
Just keep your head down and you’ll be okay.
You’re living up to what’s expected.
They’ll claim you’re nothing
When you’re walking out the door.
And mom won’t even come around these days.
You pop your prescription and put on a brave face.
Zone out to the local AM station,
Try not to think about next month’s visitation.
Saw you last week
We haven’t talked since graduation.
You’re selling H with a guy to catch up
But it’s clear you’re using.
I didn’t have the guts to be a better friend.
But what’s another ten grand gonna fix in the end?
Keep your head up if you’re not okay.
But you died there on the couch.
You knew the truth in what they say:
Spanish Love Songs is Dylan Slocum (vocals & guitar), Ruben Duarte (drums), Trevor Dietrich (bass), Meredith Van Woert (keys), and Kyle McAulay (guitar).
“When you’re young, you just want to be heard,” opines Slocum. The singer and guitarist of LA-based punk quintet, Spanish Love Songs, is referencing his band, but he could just as easily be talking about himself. Since forming in 2014, Spanish Love Songs certainly have been heard, from legions of underground audiences at The Fest and South By Southwest to outlets like NPR, who hailed the group’s 2018 album, Schmaltz, as a “wellspring of big ideas, bigger riffs and the biggest possible feelings about love, war, fear and existential crisis.”
Over the past six years, Spanish Love Songs have released two albums and an EP.
SPANISH LOVE SONGS by Katie Neuhof
With Brave Faces Everyone, the songs are character stories set in small-town America and anxious urban jungles alike, unfurling heartbreaking tales of addiction, depression, debt and death juxtaposed alongside looming societal bogeys like mass shootings, the opioid epidemic and climate change.
They’re all at once personal vignettes and universal truths of life in the 2010s, the lines blurred between Slocum’s own experiences and those of his friends and acquaintances. It seeks to find balance between realism and optimism.
“If you sing something loud enough and long enough,” Slocum muses, “hopefully people are able to find some peace in that.” Brave Faces Everyone experiments with more traditional song structures and fewer forwardly caustic moments this time around haven’t dulled the band’s sound. If anything, they’ve accentuated the most important parts of it. When everything is loud and urgent, nothing is. But when Slocum’s voice swells to a roar on this new record, the undeniable power grabs you by the collar and forces you to pay attention — and that’s the difference between simply being heard and truly being understood.
Related Items:Bearded Punk Records, punk rock, Pure Noise Records, spanish love songs
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