Split (1)

train · 698k rows

pred_label stringclasses 2 values	pred_label_prob float64 0.5 1	wiki_prob float64 0.25 1	text stringlengths 139 1.01M	source stringlengths 37 43
__label__cc	0.603328	0.396672	Archive for November, 2011\|Monthly archive page U. S. Department of Justice v. Custody Court System In domestic law on November 25, 2011 at 1:56 pm (Battered Mothers, Abused Children are Being Further Battered and Abused by the US Courts failure to let Domestic Violence Mothers Leave With Their Children. Many Ask, “Why Doesn’t She Just Leave?” When it comes to Domestic Violence, besides all the other very unsafe reasons those with children will loose their children to the very animal who hurt them and their children. Many mothers,(most) have never seen their children again after the Courts gave their child[ren] to the Abusers. Most Children, if the survive, end up just like they were taught raised and reinforced by the Courts, as abusers themselves for boys and victims for girls. That is not county all the other trauma related issues. This has passed beyond just injustice but has stepped full fledge in Human Rights Violations. It truly is like the holocaust, the destruction of women and their children by the USA, Sanctioned Genocide Against Mothers and their Children. Right in Plain View, See: Mothers Day Law Suit filed Against the U.S. at the Inter American Commission Human Rights. (still pending) From Times –Up!! Attorney Barry Goldstein photo courtesy of Family Court Crisis-Abusers Getting Custody! Protective mothers have been complaining about mistreatment by the custody court system, but have routinely been dismissed as “disgruntled litigants.” As recently as the beginning of the Battered Mothers Custody Conferences in 2004, there was little professional support for protective mothers. The mothers’ complaints have now been confirmed and supported by the domestic violence community, many women’s organizations, numerous governmental agencies, many in the academic community and a substantial body of research such as contained in our book DOMESTIC VIOLENCE, ABUSE and CHILD CUSTODY. Last summer at the NCADV Conference, Dr. Daniel Saunders of the University of Michigan and some of his colleagues presented their findings from a major Department of Justice study that confirms the findings in our book and other research that the present custody court practices for domestic violence cases are deeply flawed. The publication of these findings has taken longer than expected as Dr. Saunders and the Justice Department seek to carefully present the information in a clear and accurate manner, but they should soon be available on the Department of Justice web site. Many of us who seek to reform the broken custody court system are excited about this study because it should be difficult for the courts to dismiss or ignore because of where it comes from. Significantly, the findings are incompatible with a continued belief that the present practices are working for the benefit of the children the courts are supposed to protect. Custody Courts Frequently Disbelieve Valid Abuse Complaints Custody courts have a particularly poor record in responding to domestic violence cases. The research demonstrates that court professionals reject a high percentage of valid complaints by protective mothers. This problem has been confirmed in many ways. It is confirmed based on the frequency of mistaken outcomes. Although battered mothers make deliberately false allegations only one or two percent of the time, in contested custody cases the alleged abuser wins custody or joint custody over seventy percent of the time. Subsequent events regularly confirm courts’ mistakes. This occurs when men found safe by the court professionals are later convicted or otherwise found to have to have committed domestic violence, sexual abuse, murder or other similar crimes. The revelations of the Courageous Kids Network further demonstrate the frequency in which courts fail to recognize valid complaints of abuse. Courageous Kids are young adults who have aged out of their custody orders and decided to speak out about the harm caused by these orders. The context is important in understanding their stories. These are cases in which the court disbelieved the mothers’ abuse allegations and gave the fathers complete control. The children have been threatened, coerced and punished if they continue to complain about their father’s abuse or seek a relationship with their mother. In other words the fathers have had tremendous assistance in silencing the children. Accordingly the children now speaking out represent a small minority of those mistreated by fathers the court believed were safe. The descriptions by the Courageous Kids demonstrate the fathers deliberately sought to hurt the mother and children based upon their belief system that the mother had no right to leave them. The children have had little or no contact with their mothers often for many years so we know the mothers could not be influencing the children’s decision to speak out about the fathers’ abuse. These are all too common examples of cases in which the court professionals failed to believe valid allegations of abuse. The research not only demonstrates the fact that the custody courts get a large majority of domestic violence cases wrong, but also that the standard practices used by court professionals are deeply flawed and make it difficult for judges to recognize legitimate complaints about domestic violence and child abuse. Court professionals routinely discredit allegations of abuse based upon factors that are not probative. At the same time these professionals do not understand the importance of looking to the abusers’ patterns of controlling and coercive behavior in order to recognize domestic violence. The court professionals often make the mistake of considering each incident and each allegation separately. Genuine domestic violence experts understand the importance of context in recognizing domestic violence, but the mental health and other professionals relied on by the courts do not understand the importance of context and thus make it more difficult to recognize valid allegations of abuse. One of the big obstacles to recognizing valid abuse complaints is the common use of mental health and other professionals without expertise in domestic violence. The main purpose of considering domestic violence in custody cases is to protect the safety of children. Nevertheless the evaluators relied on by custody courts rarely know how to conduct a safety assessment or what behaviors have been associated with higher lethality and other dangers. The evaluators do not understand domestic violence dynamics and often are unfamiliar with the effects of domestic violence on children or other information based upon the specialized body of scientific research that could be used to better understand domestic violence issues and recognize truthful allegations of abuse. The new Department of Justice study helps explain why the evaluators and other professionals relied on by custody courts routinely fails to recognize domestic violence. The study found that most evaluators and other professionals relied on by the courts do not have adequate domestic violence training and those with inadequate training are more likely to believe in the myth that women frequently make false allegations of abuse to gain an advantage in litigation. The professionals who believe this myth, in turn are more likely to make recommendations that harm children. In other words judges have little chance to protect the children under their control as long as they rely on these unqualified professionals and tend to believe their deeply flawed analysis. Judges often become defensive when protective mothers or their attorneys request that any evaluator or other court professional be required to have domestic violence expertise in order to be appointed. We have repeatedly seen judges refuse to listen to domestic violence experts offered on behalf of protective mothers. The courts often focus on the need for a mental health degree even though the academic training for most mental health professionals included no or virtually no domestic violence instruction and the law does not require advance degrees to qualify as an expert (a common example is a mechanic without a high school degree who can testify as an expert in automotive repair based on experience and training). In recent years most court systems have encouraged and usually required some domestic violence training for court professionals. This is a good thing but has often been implemented in ways that undermine the purpose. Many of the trainings include substantial misinformation such as the belief most contested custody cases are “high conflict” when the research establishes a large majority are really domestic violence cases. Some of the trainings even include Parental Alienation Syndrome (sometimes by another name because of its deserved notoriety) even though it was recently again rejected for inclusion in the DSM-V because there is no scientific basis for it. Many of the trainings fail to include domestic violence advocates or other genuine experts in domestic violence. We have also seen some really good programs used to train court professionals, but I have heard many trainers complain that some of the judges, evaluators and lawyers pay little attention to the valuable information presented. In one Queens County, New York case I cross-examined an experienced evaluator who went to a really excellent domestic violence training in order to qualify as a parent coordinator. They provided numerous excellent research studies that could have helped him recognize domestic violence and protect children. During my cross-examination it became clear he never read the research and was unfamiliar with the current scientific research he needed to understand the case. When I pressed him about the training he described it as “not a life changing experience.” This was a man who needed a life changing experience because he failed to recognize the obvious history of abuse by the father, demanded the mother cooperate with her abuser and when she continued to try to protect herself and her son, the unqualified evaluator recommended custody for the abusive father. The judge failed to discredit the evaluator based on his failure to read or consider the current scientific research provided at the training. We need much more and better trainings for court professionals, but there is also the danger that attending trainings can give judges and other professionals a false sense of confidence in their understanding of domestic violence. The findings by Dr. Saunders and his colleagues that most court professionals have inadequate training in domestic violence confirms our concern that in most cases the professionals relied on by the court are not qualified to participate in a domestic violence case without the assistance of a genuine expert. Even if the judge has received good training the court is likely to be influenced by unqualified evaluators and other court professionals. The failure to possess adequate training in domestic violence means that it will be difficult for these professionals to recognize and respond effectively to domestic violence, but the widespread belief in the myth that women frequently make false allegations of abuse is a bias that strongly undermines the cases of protective mothers. These mistakes result in frequent findings denying the mother’s abuse allegations which is exactly what the other research has found. If a professional believes the myth they will expect to see false allegations and without training in how to recognize domestic violence they have little chance to get these cases right and protect the children. Even worse, courts having found against the mothers because of the deeply flawed practices and biases are severely punishing mothers and children because the mothers continue to believe their true allegations despite the disbelief of the unqualified court professionals. A few months ago, in this forum, I wrote an article about the extreme decisions we often see in domestic violence cases. These are decisions in which the alleged abuser receives custody and the mother who was the primary attachment figure is limited to supervised or no visitation. The primary attachment figure is the parent who provided most of the child care during the first couple of years of the child’s life. When children are separated from their primary attachment figure they are significantly more likely to suffer depression, low self-esteem and to commit suicide when older. It can never be right to separate children from their primary attachment figure unless she is unsafe such as a drug addict, someone who beats the kids or otherwise poses a danger. In most of these cases the father allowed or even demanded the mother provide child care until she decided to leave him. It should be obvious that her decision to leave a man she found to be abusive does not make the mother unsafe. Unqualified court professionals frequently limit the mother’s contact with her children based upon some version of alienation or pathologizing the mother based on psychological tests that were not made for the populations seen in custody cases. We know the diagnosis is not safety related because the mother functions fine in all other aspects of her life except interacting with her abuser and the court professionals supporting him. These are not safety issues so these extreme decisions can never be beneficial to the children. The reliance on court professionals with inadequate training and belief in the myth takes place in the context of many other common mistakes discussed in earlier research. The courts cannot protect mothers and children in domestic violence cases if they cannot recognize domestic violence when it is present. The frequent decisions that harm children are confirmed by later findings and information, the extensive research court professionals routinely fail to consider and the new Department of Justice study and they provide multiple confirmations of the present inability of custody courts to recognize domestic violence and child abuse when it exists. Misuse of Mothers’ Anger and Emotion Let’s look at this issue from the mother’s perspective and in the context of her experience. These are domestic violence cases. The father usually has a long history of controlling and coercive behaviors and the mother has finally gained the courage and resources to leave her abuser in order to protect her children. She is fearful because of the many threats he made of what he would do if she left and knowledge that the most dangerous time for a woman is after she has left. She is angry at the way he has mistreated her and often the children. She may be worried about her ability to support and protect her children because her partner has been telling her how useless she is throughout their relationship. Even if the father’s physical abuse ends when he no longer has access to the mother (which makes unqualified court professionals believe he is now safe), he continues his domestic violence through litigation abuse and often other ways. The abusers often use any contact provided by the court to seek reconciliation and/or to harass and attack her verbally or psychologically. Many women expect the courts to protect her children because the evidence is so overwhelming and instead find the court pressuring her to cooperate with her abuser and punishing her if she tries to protect her children from a man they have found to be hostile and dangerous. In other words she has good reason to be angry and emotional and in fact this would be a normal reaction to her experiences. The research contained in our book and elsewhere supports this understanding and analysis. We discussed the common mistake of custody courts that treat the mother’s actions as a litigant as if they were an indication of her behavior as a parent. Over forty states and many judicial districts have created court sponsored gender bias committees. These committees have found widespread bias particularly against women litigants. One of the common examples of gender bias was blaming women for the actions of their abusers. One of the typical examples of this bias is when courts blame mothers for their anger and emotion caused by the father’s mistreatment of them and their children. In many cases the abusers deliberately harass or pressure them shortly before a court appearance is scheduled in order to obtain an emotional reaction the court is likely to misunderstand. Abusers tend to be extremely manipulative and so after their abuse that the judge does not see, come to court calm and cooperative. Court professionals are often fooled by this act. The new Department of Justice study confirms what we said in our book and other similar research. Dr. Saunders found that court professionals frequently treat mothers’ anger and emotion as far more important than it actually is in terms of the well being of children. These professionals may be uncomfortable with the mothers’ emotions particularly if she criticizes their response to the father’s abuse. Clearly these are difficult and unpleasant issues to confront. The misinformation treating contested custody as if it were “high conflict” when it is actually domestic violence contributes to the misunderstanding of the mothers’ anger and emotion. The professionals are focused on forcing the parties to cooperate even though this is not the best approach for children. When the parties have difficulty cooperating and certainly in domestic violence cases, parallel parenting is a more effective approach for children. The problem, as demonstrated by the Saunders’ study is that these professionals are focused on their beliefs and preferences rather than research about what works best for children. The custody courts did not get into the practice of looking to current scientific research and particularly the specialized body of research about domestic violence because there was no such research when the initial court practices were developed. We now have substantial research that would help inform court decisions and avoid the frequent mistakes but court professionals rarely look to this research to help them make better decisions. This is why we rarely see custody courts weigh the benefits and harms to children of a proposed resolution. The Department of Justice study establishes that these flawed practices lead to decisions that hurt children. Cottage Industry Supporting Abusive Fathers We often hear complaints about corruption in the custody court system. This belief is supported by the many cases in which courts make findings that are far removed from a fair evaluation of the evidence and decisions that seem to be disconnected from the well being of the children involved. There are cases of outright corruption such as the Garson case in Brooklyn, New York, but more often, I believe courts create the appearance of corruption because of bias, ignorance and deeply flawed practices. One of my concerns with complaints about corruption is that it makes it harder for judges in the broken system to hear the complaints and create the reforms that are needed. An important contributing factor to the widespread belief in corruption is the cottage industry that has been created to support abusive fathers. Most contested custody cases involve abusive fathers seeking custody as a tactic to pressure their victims to return or punish them for leaving. Domestic violence is all about control so these abusive fathers usually have controlled the family finances and have these resources to support their custody litigation. Some lawyers and mental health professionals have figured out that they can make a large income by supporting practices and approaches that support abusers. We often see them advertise as supporting “fathers’ rights.” In many cases we see fathers’ attorneys and GALs promoting the appointment of evaluators who support abusive fathers. It is particularly frustrating when judges refer to these professionals who regularly support abusers as “neutral professionals.” Protective mothers often have no chance when these biased professionals are appointed regardless of how strong their cases may be. Many of the mothers have complained that the evaluators and GALs make misrepresentations to the court in order to justify findings in favor of the abusive fathers paying their fees. When such professionals lie to the court about the evidence or to justify fees they did not earn, the mothers are justified in complaints suggesting corruption. Many of these biased professionals strongly support PAS despite a lack of scientific justification. Significantly, PAS is based upon the assumption that virtually every complaint by mothers about the father’s abuse is deliberately false. The Department of Justice study found a problem with inadequately trained professionals who believe the myth that women frequently make deliberately false allegations of abuse. The unqualified professionals supporting PAS are even worse assuming that virtually all such allegations are false. The courts have virtually no chance of making the right decision if they treat such biased professionals as having any credibility. The Department of Justice study’s contribution to this issue is a finding that evaluators working for the court or the county made recommendations that worked better for children than those of evaluators in private practice. When Dr. Saunders described this finding at a workshop during the NCADV Conference I asked him if he thought the findings supported our concerns about the cottage industry that has developed to support abusive fathers. He agreed this was a good interpretation. Evaluators working for the court or county are not paid extra for each evaluation so they have no incentive to favor the wealthier parent. Professionals often have fundamental conflicts of interest. Medical doctors who schedule tests or procedures will earn money from performing the services they recommend. Tests may be scheduled to shield the doctor from potential lawsuits rather than to benefit the patient. Lawyers who recommend going to trial, starting a lawsuit or making a motion will earn money when the client takes their advice. Similarly, mental health professionals benefit financially when patients accept recommendations for more services. The conflict of interest is largely unavoidable and the professionals are expected to have the integrity to act in their client’s best interests instead of their own. Unfortunately some of the evaluators and lawyers, particularly those supporting abusive fathers have not fulfilled this ethical obligation. We have repeatedly seen problems in custody courts with mental health professionals and particularly ones sympathetic to abusive fathers making recommendations requiring protective mothers to use their unwanted and unneeded services. We see these biased professionals pathologizing mothers who have always taken good care of their children with diagnoses that are clearly wrong. This would include the frequent finding of rare conditions such as Munchausen Syndrome by Proxy, conditions like paranoia or delusional based on the mothers’ continued belief in the father’s abuse despite the failure of the court professionals to recognize his abuse and other emotional problems that magically seem to affect only her relationship with her abuser and the court. They seem oblivious to the fact that that she does fine in other parts of her life that under any unbiased circumstances would rule out the claimed diagnosis. Some of these mistakes are clearly deliberate and qualify as corruption. Other cases may involve bias and ignorance and a lack of the needed qualifications as the Saunders’ study demonstrates. When the professionals who are part of the cottage industry engage in gender bias they usually do so without realizing it. Many actually believe in the theories and practices they use despite a lack of scientific basis. Some of this can be explained by confirmation bias where the professional focuses on information or accusations that support what the professional expects to find and ignores information that undermines their theories and assumptions. We see this kind of mistake frequently in domestic violence custody cases and the mental health professional is often unconscious that they are engaging in confirmation bias. In fact they are likely to become defensive and angry at the suggestion. The Department of Justice study demonstrates the harm of using professionals who are part of the cottage industry and the need for custody courts to screen court professionals to avoid relying on them. Even worse, courts often use these unqualified professionals to train other court professionals. This can only serve to spread misinformation which makes it harder for court officials to recognize the problems demonstrated by the Saunders’ study and other current scientific research. The custody court system tends to look at each case and each issue or event in a case separately. This is based on a belief that just because a man slapped his wife on Monday does not mean he punched her on Friday. The court system uses stare decisis which means once a case or an issue has been decided the same parties cannot relitigate it. There are good reasons for these practices, but they work poorly in domestic violence cases because of the importance of context in understanding domestic violence. We often see cases where the court denies allegations of domestic violence and they may even have been right if there was insufficient evidence. Naturally the abuser continues his abusive behavior so more evidence becomes available, but many courts refuse to hear the new evidence or refuse to consider it in the context of the previous evidence because those issues were previously litigated. In doing this the court is denying itself the ability to recognize the pattern of the father’s abuse and protect the children. Domestic violence experts are confident that the custody court system is broken because we see the pattern of mistakes and harmful decisions, but the powers in the court system are offended at the criticism and cannot believe the problem because they refuse to look at the patterns. The findings of the Department of Justice study, by itself, provides convincing documentation that the custody court system is getting a large majority of domestic violence custody cases wrong. It would be impossible for courts to get most cases right when most of the court professionals have inadequate domestic violence training, those with inadequate training tend to believe the myth that women frequently make false allegations, the courts are placing too much weight on mothers’ anger and emotion and the evaluators who earn additional money through appointment in custody cases are making decisions more harmful to children then those who do not have a financial incentive. This study was not made in a vacuum, but was produced in the context of a substantial and growing body of scientific research that establishes the custody courts are making bad decisions in contested custody cases that endanger children. The research also establishes that the standard practices used in the custody courts are deeply flawed and outdated. I am hopeful that a study coming from the U. S. Department of Justice will be harder for the custody court system to ignore. They have a strong reputation and can only be considered neutral. Furthermore, the courts frequently seek grants and other funding from the Department of Justice. Protective mothers and their attorneys can cite this research and it should be harder for the courts to ignore. I can’t wait until it is published on the DOJ web site. Barry Goldstein is a nationally recognized domestic violence expert, speaker, writer and consultant. He is the co-editor with Mo Therese Hannah of DOMESTIC VIOLENCE, ABUSE and CHILD CUSTODY. Barry can be reached by email at their web sitewww.Domesticviolenceabuseandchildcustody.com One More Battleground: Domestic Violence, Child Custody, and the Batterers’ Relentless Pursuit of their Victims Through the Courts In domestic law on November 21, 2011 at 1:20 am II. REASONS WHY BATTERERS USE FAMILY COURTS TO CONTINUE THEIR ABUSE When a couple divorces, the legal system may become a symbolic battleground on which the male batterer continues his abuse. Custody and visitation may keep the battered woman in a relationship with the battering man; on the battleground, the children become the pawns.36 After looking at how domestic violence operates as a mechanism of control, perhaps it is not surprising to discover that batterers manipulate the courts and their victims during dissolution, custody, and visitation proceedings. After all, domestic violence is a pattern of behavior that is not easily reversed, so separation alone is unlikely to break the pattern of abuse. There are numerous reasons why a batterer chooses to use the courts and the litigation process; many of them are explored below. Before delving into the specific reasons, it is important to discuss the frequency with which batterers decide to participate in family court proceedings. As mentioned earlier, fathers who abuse are twice as likely to seek sole custody of their children as nonviolent fathers, and notably, abusive fathers are three times as likely to be in arrears of child support.37 In one recent study in Massachusetts, fifteen of the forty fathers (approximately 38 percent) who sought custody received sole or joint custody of the children, despite the fact that each and every one of these men were reported to have abused both the mother and the child/children prior to separation and continued to do so after separation.38 Thus, before exploring why courts may choose to disregard a history of domestic violence,39 it is important to note that a history of violence does not stop batterers from obtaining custody. In fact, a history of abuse seems to increase the likelihood that the batterer will seek custody. So, why do batterers use family courts as a battleground at all? What is it about the courts, and family courts specifically, that is so appealing to them? [because they can] A. Only Available Contact Left One of the most obvious reasons batterers use family courts is because it is often the only way they can legally maintain any contact with the survivor.40 After leaving their abuser, survivors may try to keep their contact information private in order to keep as much distance from the batterer as they can. They may seek formal protection through restraining orders or civil protection orders. They may move without allowing the batterer access to their current address or phone number. However, even if a survivor can achieve this physical distance from a batterer, the batterer may try to initiate contact through the courts by seeking custody of or visitation rights with his child/children. In this way, the courtroom may present an opportunity to prolong contact with the victim or seek contact that is not otherwise available.41 As mentioned earlier, not all batterers who abuse the mothers will abuse the children. Certainly, nuanced solutions exist that can provide an opportunity for fathers, even those with a history of domestic violence, to remain in some sort of communication with their children. Every family has unique circumstances that can allow for a variety of solutions; however, because the courts may be the only way and the only forum for abusive fathers to continue abusing their former spouse and children, it is important for courts to take a comprehensive look at each situation and to act carefully if a history of abuse is present. Full Document Here: One More Battleground Domestic Violence, Child Custody, And the Batterers’ Relentless Pursuit of Their Vict… Gender Politics and Child Custody: The Puzzling Persistence of the Best Interest Standard Elizabeth S. Scott* & Robert E. Emery** The best interest of the child standard has been widely criticized by scholars for its vagueness and indeterminacy, and yet for forty years it has been the prevailing rule for resolving custody disputes. This article confirms the deficiencies of the standard, focusing particularly on a problem that has received little attention: Best interests poses daunting verifiability problems because a) much family information is private, b) parties often are unable to prove the qualitative factors that that lawmakers have endorsed as proxies for best interest, and c) the incommensurability of these factors precludes courts from assigning them appropriate weights. Despite the substantial risk of erroneous or arbitrary custody decisions, the best interest standard remains firmly entrenched, with the apparent approval of policymakers and courts. We explain this puzzle as the product of two interrelated factors. First, a protracted gender war has embroiled advocates for mothers or fathers for decades, thereby creating a political economy deadlock. The main front in the gender war has been the legislative battle over joint custody, but it has also played out in the efforts of mothers’ groups to make domestic violence a key factor in custody disputes and the responsive effort by fathers’ advocates to elevate claims of parental alienation. These efforts have brought apparent determinacy to important categories of cases, and thus have contributed to the entrenchment of the best interest standard. Second, courts and legislatures have failed to recognize the intractable problems inherent in resolving these contests because they mistakenly believe that psychologists and other mental health professionals have the expertise to obtain accurate family information and then to evaluate and compare the competing evidentiary claims. Courts routinely ask these professionals to guide them in making custody decisions- an unusual role for experts in legal proceedings. But mental health experts do not have the skill or knowledge to perform these functions; acting without the constraints generally applied to experts, they routinely go beyond the limits of science and of their own expertise in advising courts about custody. Their participation thus masks the deficiencies of the best interest standard and contributes to its perpetuation. Exposing the illusion that psychological experts can overcome the problems inherent in best interest determinations is an important step toward real reform and better custody decision making. Desirable reforms include adoption of the ALI approximation standard, restrictions on the admissibility of psychological evidence, and encouragement of private ordering for resolving most custody disputes. I. INTRODUCTION …………………………………………………………………………………………….2 Harold R. Medina Professor of Law, Columbia University School of Law. Professor of Psychology; Director, Center for the Study of Children and the Law, University of Virginia. For helpful comments, we thank Kate Bartlett, Emily Buss, Peg Brinig, Maxine Eichner, Bert Huang, Clare Huntington, Jeannie Suk, Lois Weithorn and especially Robert Scott. For excellent research assistance, we thank Sara Weinberg, Sadie Holtzmann and Kristine Van Hamersveld. II. THE BEST INTEREST STANDARD AND THE PROBLEM OF VERIFIABILITY…………………………………………………………………………………7 A. A Brief History of Modern Custody Doctrine ………………………………………………………….7 B. Custody Decision making and the Limits of the Judicial Capacity …………………………….9 1. Traditional Arguments for and Against the Best Interest Standard ………..………………….9 2. An Overlooked Consideration: The Problem of Verifiability ………………..………………….10 a. Family Privacy and Verifiability. …………………………………………………………………………..11 b. The Challenge of Qualitative Proxies ……………………………………………………………………12 c. The Incommensurability Problem ………………………………………………………………………..13 3. The Search For Better Proxies For Better Interest ……………………….…………………………13 III. THE GENDER WAR OVER CHILD CUSTODY REGULATION……………………………………………………………………………………..15 A. Legislative Struggles and the Political Economy Deadlock ……………………………………..16 1. The Father’s Movement and the Battle over Joint Custody ……………………………………..16 2. The Politics of Motherhood …………………………………………………………………………………20 3. Legislative Response to Gender Politics………………………………………………………………..22 B. Defining Best Interests- Domestic Violence and Parent Alienation …………………………23 1. The Domestic Violence Presumption ………………………………………………………………….. 25 2. Parental Alienation as a Response. ………………………………………………………………………31 IV. THE ILLUSION OF PSYCHOLOGICAL EXPERTISE IN RESOLVING CUSTODY DISPUTES………………………………………………………………………..35 A. How Important Are Mental Health Experts in Resolving Custody Disputes? …………..36 B. Analyzing the Custody Evaluation Process- The General Critique …………………..……..38 C. Assessing Family Violence and Parental Alienation ………………………………………………41 1. Family Violence. ………………………………………………………………………………………………..41 2. Parent Alienation “Syndrome.” …………………………………………………………………………..43 D. Bad Science and the Absence of Evidentiary Standards ………………………………………..45 V. REFORMING THE BEST INTEREST STANDARD……………………………….47 A. The Case for Approximation …………………………………………………….……………………….48 B. Improving Accuracy in Custody Proceedings ………………………………………………………51 C. Avoiding Adjudication- Collaborative Divorce and Mediation ………………………………53 CONCLUSION ……………………………………………………………………….……………………………56 Full Article Here: Domestic Violence – Is The Leading Cause Of Death to Pregnant Women According to a CDC report out last summer, “The United States’ rate for maternal mortality is 1 in 2,100 – the highest of any industrialized nation.” We score very poorly when it comes to our treatment of mothers and babies What’s The Leading Cause of Death in Pregnancy? Palladino said her study, published in the journal Obstetrics & Gynecology, likely underestimated the number of violent deaths among pregnant women. Read more: http://www.foxnews.com/health/2011/10/27/murder-suicide-top-medical-deaths-in-pregnancy/#ixzz1eHZqfVPn Google these 7 words “ Leading Cause of Death To Pregnant Women”… then come back and read study. A study published in the published in the Journal of Obstetrics and Gynecology confirms previous research: pregnant women are more likely to die from murder or suicide than several of the most common pregnancy-related medical conditions. In this new study about half of the violent deaths were related to domestic conflicts. The study looked at data from the CDC and the Prevention’s National Violent Death Reporting System from the years 2003-2007; they found that 3 of every 100,000 pregnant women is murdered and about 2 of every 100,000 commit suicide. Fewer deaths resulted from pregnancy-related medical problems such as preeclampsia, hypertension, problems with the placenta or bleeding. Researchers, and pretty much anyone looking at the results of this study, urge care-providers to put more effort into prenatal screening for domestic violence. Earlier this year research came out suggesting that prenatal screening for–and treatment of–mental health issues is highly inconsistent. In my experience midwives tend to offer a more thorough, well-rounded prenatal care with attention to both body and mind. But in general, our culture could stand to pay more attention to mental health. Depression can have ill-effects on the baby and the birth… these things are not frivolous. But I also think these problems extend beyond the prenatal visit and into the territory of “the 99%”: We have virtually nothing in place to care for expectant and new mothers. Some unpaid maternity leave( if you’re working for a big company); a lack of consistent, affordable childcare; and no universal health care. According to a CDC report out last summer, “The United States’ rate for maternal mortality is 1 in 2,100 – the highest of any industrialized nation.” We score very poorly when it comes to our treatment of mothers and babies and a lot of this has to do with the need for a greater breadth of support than just a list of deli meats to avoid and urine tests. About this most recent study, Linda Chambliss, a maternal fetal medicine expert, told Reuters, “I think that there’s still an under-appreciation of the risk and probably less screening than should be done. Even if the numbers are relatively small, you’re talking about something that’s preventable.” Does your doctor or midwife bring up mental health or personal relationships in prenatal visits? Do you feel comfortable talking to him or her about such things? WHEN BATTERED WOMEN LOSE CUSTODY: Dangerous Parents or Systems Failure? By: Daniel G. Saunders, Ph.D. Note: This article is summarized in part from the article, Child Custody and Visitation Decisions in Domestic Violence Cases: Legal Trends, Risk Factors, and Safety Concerns (Revised 2007) by Daniel G. Saunders (saunddan@umich.edu), and published by VAWnet, a project of the National Resource Center on Domestic Violence/Pennsylvania Coalition Against Domestic Violence. The article can be retrieved fromhttp://new.vawnet.org/category/Main_Doc.php?docid=1134 See this source for a complete list of supporting citations. When a mother enters a visitation/exchange program as the visiting parent, workers may be quick to assume she failed as a parent or, worse, that she’s dangerous. After all, her referral to the center probably came at the end of a lengthy process of expert evaluation and court hearings. However, in all too many domestic violence cases, community systems have failed her. There is growing evidence that gender bias and myths about battered women stack the cards against them in child custody disputes. Ironically, their very attempts to protect their children may make it more likely they will lose custody to an abusive ex-partner. Slowly, battered mothers have received increased legal protections. For example, some states in the U.S. exempt them from mandatory mediation or make it easier for them to move a safer distance from an abuser. Approximately half of all states have a legal presumption that an abuser should not have sole or joint physical custody. In the remaining states, the judge must consider domestic violence in custody and visitation decisions, but as just one of many factors for consideration. Canada has no presumption in its federal law against granting custody to abusers and the law states that maximum contact should be given to the noncustodial parent. However, protections are increasing in some provinces through consideration of domestic violence as a factor in decision making. Some provinces also apply conditions to temporary protection orders and order abusers into treatment as a condition of visitation. With new legal protections have come more domestic violence training and resource manuals for judges, custody evaluators, and others involved in custody decisions. Despite this progress, misconceptions and faulty practice continue. One common misconception is that allegations of domestic violence are common in disputed custody cases. There is also no evidence, despite claims from fathers’ rights groups, that false allegations of domestic abuse or child abuse are common, especially from mothers. On the contrary, evidence shows that false allegations are rare. In addition, a recent comparison of mothers’ and fathers’ abuse allegations showed that mothers’ allegations were substantiated more often. Another misconception is that “high conflict” do not involve domestic violence. It is now clear that domestic violence is a current or past reality in the majority of these “high conflict” relationships. Domestic violence simply goes undetected in many cases, an oversight that increases danger to children and their mothers. More alarming are findings that, even when detected, domestic violence is often not considered or taken seriously in court decisions and mediators’ and evaluators recommendations. A 1990s study found that custody evaluators did not consider domestic violence to be a major factor in their recommendations, yet they often considered parental alienation to be crucial. In a more recent study, evaluators reported that domestic violence weighed heavily in their recommendations, but only a third of them attempted to systematically detect the violence. The impact of the violence must also be considered. Psychological and custody evaluations can be misleading when a survivor’s trauma history is ignored. Her traumatic stress symptoms can mimic severe mental illness or personality disorders. Survivors are usually at a disadvantage due to the effects of overwhelming stress, not only from domestic violence, but from the intense fear of losing a child to an abuser. Several studies show that knowing the history of domestic violence appears to have little influence on judges’ decisions and mediators’ recommendations. A likely explanation for courtroom outcomes is gender bias. Gender bias commissions over the last decade report frequent, negative stereotyping of women, especially about their credibility. When domestic violence is not adequately understood, victim-blaming, accusations of lying, and trivializing the abuse are more common. Judges may hold images of the “good” or “typical” victim — terrified and submissive – and lack understanding of those who are angry or with a history of substance abuse. A study of cases brought to appeal showed reversals in the mothers’ favor when domestic violence was considered. Not surprisingly, there is some evidence that female judges show more support for victim protection. Training also seems to matter. In one study, judges with domestic violence education and more knowledge of domestic violence were more likely to grant sole custody to abused mothers. A further barrier for battered women is that some laws and psychiatric theories often put them in a “Catch-22.” As a result of the “friendly parent” legal standard and the nonscientific “parent alienation syndrome,” actions to protect themselves and their children often work against them. In many cases, battered women are reasonably reluctant to co-parent out of fear that their ex-partner will harm them or their children. These women may sense that separation increases the risk of homicide, which in reality it does. In addition, physical abuse, harassment, and stalking of women continue at fairly high rates or escalate after separation, affecting as many as 35% of survivors. Up to a fourth of battered women report that their ex-partner threatened to hurt the children or kidnap them. Women may be reluctant to reveal their address or allow unsupervised visits. Yet such reluctance means they are more likely to be seen as “unfriendly” or “uncooperative,” which counts against them in the custody criteria of most states and the Canadian Divorce Act. Claims of “parent alienation syndrome” (PAS) similarly place women in a Catch-22. If mothers report child abuse or even raise concerns about danger to their children, some evaluators and courts immediately label them as “alienators.” In the original formulation of PAS, no investigation of her allegations has to occur and she is labeled as pathological simply for exercising a legal right. The syndrome assumes that programming has occurred if an allegation is made and thus has a circular definition. PAS does not have legal standing, yet the general concept or label may influence decision makers. What are the implications of these findings for supervised visitation/exchange programs? First, providers would be wise to check for their own potential biases about visiting mothers who are survivors. Second, comprehensive provider training is essential. Topics need to include methods for detecting abuse and assessing danger, the impact of domestic violence on children, the ways that abusers often manipulate court and social systems, and, in particular, the impact of violence on survivors. Visiting mothers are often depressed and have post-traumatic stress symptoms as a result of being battered and losing their children. Providers need to realize that depression and traumatic stress symptoms often manifest as anger or apathy. Without such understanding, providers may be quick to label these mothers as “hostile,” “uncooperative,” or “disinterested.” Third, although supervised visitation/exchange programs cannot act as advocates for individual women who lose custody disputes, they can raise concerns about apparent systems failures with their community’s domestic violence coordinating councils. Building a close collaborative tie with your local coordinating body can place visitation/exchange programs in a position to help make changes in local policies and practices. (For more information on advocacy roles for supervised visitation programs, see “Guiding Principles: Safe Havens Supervised Visitation and Safe Exchange Grant Program” at http://www.praxisinternational.org/pages/visitation/materials.asp.) In addition, providers may need new skills for protecting mothers and their children. Supervised Visitation Network (SVN) standards require that programs “refer any victim of domestic violence to a resource expert that can assist and help the victim in developing a personal safety plan.” This assumes that program staff have the skills and screening tools to detect domestic violence among their clients. In addition, a referral for safety planning may not go far enough. A referral for legal advocacy, such as help with stalking, threats, and restraining order violations, may be necessary to protect a mother and her children. Recent evidence shows surprisingly high rates of stalking and threats occur between visits and exchanges. Close working relationships with domestic violence programs will help make the most meaningful and effective referrals – through first hand knowledge of these programs and the ability to learn detection and referral skills from them. By failing to take steps to help, supervised visitation centers risk being one of a long line of so-called “helping systems” that fail survivors, adding another blow to their psyches. (For more information on domestic violence practice in supervised visitation see “Beyond Observation: Considerations for Advancing Domestic Violence Practice in Supervised Visitation” at http://endabuse.org/programs/children/). Providers may be reluctant to make referrals or give other help for fear of violating a standard of “neutrality.” However, SVN Standards are clear: “Neutral/neutrality means maintaining an unbiased, objective, and balanced environment. . . . Being neutral does not mean providers disregard behaviors such as abuse or violence of any kind.” Centers can create a neutral “environment” for parents to visit with their children, but they should never be neutral toward violence against either children or adults. Specialized help can also be given to abusers without violating the standard of neutrality. Supervised visitation programs are in a unique position to encourage men to become responsible fathers, which in turn can increase their motivation to participate in abuser intervention and fathering-after-violence programs. (For more information on fathering-after-violence programs, see “Fathering After Violence: Working with Abusive Fathers in Supervised Visitation” at http://endabuse.org/programs/children/) On a broader level, programs can work with other agencies and professional organizations to ensure that judges, mediators, custody evaluators and other professionals have adequate domestic violence training. Systems advocacy can mean working to remove “friendly parent” standards for cases of domestic violence. In this way, programs can help those who have suffered doubly – from the personal injustice of intimate partner abuse and from the social injustice of “helping systems” that fail to help. A likely result will be greater long-term safety for the children and parents who are your clients. The Sexual Paradox: Men, Women, and the Real Gender Gap. Why We Should Reconsider Gender Neutral Family Leave Policies The Sexual Paradox: Men, Women, and the Real Gender Gap by Susan Pinker http://www.thelizlibrary.org/liz/sexual-paradox.html Myth — "Equality under the law" means that men and women are the same in all ways. Fact: — "Equality" under the law means that WHEN men and women are the same in all ways, the law will treat them that way, and that when they are not, the law will not default to what is characteristic of "man" as the standard. Thus, "equality under the law" means more than merely consideration of each person as an individual. It also means that that "consideration" will not be cast in terms of standards and rights that can attain only to non-gestating human beings. The law will not determine what is "reasonable" with reference solely to what would be "reasonable for a man;" the law will not determine what is "just" by reference solely to what could be "achievable by someone who cannot gestate;" and the law will not ignore reproductive differences between mothers and fathers where they do indeed exist and have effect. Why We Should Reconsider Gender Neutral Family Leave Policies Pages 79-80: "…One might expect that men married to female university professors would be more likely to have egalitarian views and share child care equally, but this is another myth. Steven Rhoads, a professor of public policy at the University of Virginia, had similar assumptions. He ran a nationwide study and found that 75 percent of female faculty believed their husbands should take on equal amounts of child care, housework, and paid work. Just over half of their husbands agreed. Yet the women spent much more time with their children than their husbands did, and in universities where they were offered paid parental leave, 67 percent of the eligible women took advantage of it, only 12 percent of male faculty took that time off, and when they did, they didn’t use the time the same way. ‘We heard stories of male academics who took paid post-birth leave in order to advance their publishing agendas,’ wrote Rhoads, commenting that he’d heard of one school that changed its rules as a result. Upon returning from her maternity leave, one female colleague recalled being asked by a male colleague how the leave had gone. She replied, ‘I used the time well.’ Then the man said, ‘So you got a lot of work done.’ But that’s not what she meant. "If more academic mothers use a leave to spend time with their baby and more new fathers use the time to publish, then a system based on men and women being identical ends up punishing women. When these family-friendly policies are applied equally to both sexes, academic women experience more discrimination, not less. One unofficial study at an Ivy league college found that parental leave benefits available to both sexes had that paradoxical effect: no woman who had taken a family leave in the previous fifteen years had subsequently received tenure. Most if not all of the small number of men who had taken family leave did. This was never published or even tallied up as a real study, but it became commonly cited during the tenure discussion, summarized as ‘a woman takes family leave and comes back with a backlog, a man takes family leave and comes back with a book’… Realizing what was happening, a committee at the college tweaked the policy to allow additional leave for those who give birth (obviously, fathers wouldn’t be eligible). This helped… [N]o one wanted to discuss the issue openly, allow the college to be named, or be identified in any way. The topic was taboo…" Mothers and Fathers are Different Pages 163-164: "…given the choice, 60 to 80 percent of American and European women choose part-time work over full-time schedules or staying home full-time — even if they had initially intended to work full-time and even if the decision will cost them in job security and earnings. ‘The vast majority of women who claim to be career-oriented discover that their priorities change after they have children.’ writes [British sociologist Catherine] Hakim. Eroding the idea of a united sisterhood, Hakim has amassed data from European and American census and national surveys that clearly show that women in modern societies are hardly homogeneous. Instead, they separate fairly cleanly into three groups. There are those who want to stay home full-time, whom she calls ‘home-centered’ (approximately 20 percent). There are those whose careers take precedence, whom she calls ‘work-centered’ (approximately 20 percent). These career-oriented women experience few disadvantages to being female; if they have the same credentials and put in the same hours, they achieve the same rewards as men. "The majority, the remaining 60 percent, are women who try to combine children and career, drifting between various work schedules and positions, looking for the perfect arrangement. There ‘adaptive’ women adjust their careers to accommodate their families’ needs and their own values, a trend as powerful in socially progressive Sweden and Norway as it is in the United States… "Calling it ‘Preference Theory,’ Hakim nailed two realities. Not all women want the same thing. And when women have choices, only about 20 percent will choose what men choose… exclusively career-oriented women are a minority, Hakim says…" "If you had asked me before my first child was born to choose from Hakim’s three groups, I wouldn’t have hesitated before placing myself with career oriented women. I didn’t expect to feel any differently after my baby was born than I did before — or much differently than her father would. But my plans for a swift return were shot to hell when a wrinkly, underweight, and squalling baby appeared instead of the placid, pink-cheeked, robust infant I’d imagined cheerily handing off to a babysitter… Work demands seemed remote… I was shocked by my protective feelings. I needed to be with her. I needed her to be healthy…. "In the early eighties I was not alone in thinking that men and women had nearly identical brains, but that we had been socialized to take on different roles. If my husband, a doting father, could leave his scrawny newborn after two weeks at home and go to work for ten hours a day without a backward glance or a blip in his concentration, the script dictated that this was because he had learned that his role was to be the provider. And if I felt physical distress about tearing myself away from a six-week-old baby — notwithstanding the monotony and isolation of new motherhood — I had internalized mine as a maternal caregiver. Never mind that my mother and both grandmothers worked outside the home, as well as in it. Many of us thought that if only women could tame their outdated sentimentality, if only men were present and willing to offer their babies more bottles, then our parental roles could be reversed… At the time we assumed that men and women were equals — not just in rights and opportunities, as they should be, but also in underlying psychology and behavior. Any differences, including physical differences, could be fixed via technology, policy, or force of will… "This is the vanilla gender assumption: that female is just a variation of male. But more than two decades after my daughter was born, brain imaging and neuroendocrinology have unveiled many of the biological networks underlying mothers’ specific longing for their infants and their drive to nurture them… " "[Harvard professor Robert] Trivers’s theory suggests that competitive risk-taking is wired into males. Due to her own unique wiring, a female invests greatly in her future offspring, feeding them nurturing them, and raising them to maturity, all at significant cost to herself… once pregnant, that’s it. She’s committed. No matter how many one-night stands she has, a female will only have a given number of offspring during her lifetime — which she’s programmed to guard with her life — while a successful, competitive male striver can father… even a hundred… "The math was demonstrated by Lucky Moulay Ismail the Bloodthirsty of Morocco (1646-1727), who fathered 888 children with multiple wives. Meanwhile, the female record holder, Madalena Carnauba of Brazil, married at 13 and gave birth to 32 children. The evolutionary anthropologist Sarah Hrdy points out that the context is missing. We don’t know how many children from each family survived, or how many of their rivals’ offspring were done in by Moulay’s more competitive wives. But the difference in output between Lucky and Madalena is still 856 children. More recent accounts… Rahman, who has fathered seventy-eight children and set a target of one hundred children by 2015… Jogi… who became the world’s oldest dad when he fathered his twenty-first child with his fourth wife…"According to Trivers, the parent who invests more in their offspring is the one who ultimately limits how many there are — namely mothers…" Feminist Fear and Political Correctness Pages: 258-263: "[T]There’s a fear that if we recognize the existence of sex differences we’ll become part of a conservative backlash that will send women back to the kitchen. I’d argue that a more nuanced understanding of the average differences between men and women can lead to progress instead. In fact, several problems arise from NOT acknowledging that sex differences exist. Workplaces and career schedules designed for a single, standard male approach to competition and success now discourage many women, notwithstanding their native smarts, their educational opportunities, and their impressive accomplishments… "Exhorting women to make ‘male’ choices is more pernicious than simply encouraging them to earn more. Educated women who forgo the highest paying or high-status jobs are usually aware of their options and have weighed the pros and cons. The finger-wagging about being influenced by the media, not knowing the consequences of their actions, or giving license to employers to discriminate against women… follows in a long tradition of assuming that women don’t know their own minds… the prevailing message is that these women are either patsies or victims. The idea that women don’t know what they want, or don’t have the power, interest, or inclination to determine their own fate lends a feeling of deja vu to the debate about men, women, and work. Telling women that they’d prefer computer science to a degree in English or history if only they weren’t blindered by cultural norms, or that putting in fourteen-hour days when their children are toddlers is really what’s in their best interests, is a form of infantilization. It’s also a form of homogenization. The problem is not that some women choose to opt out, others to work part-time, or that other women prefer to keep working as long and as hard as they can. The problem is that only one choice is seen as the right one…" Subheadings on the excerpts above are by thelizlibrary.org The URL for this webpage is http://www.thelizlibrary.org/liz/sexual-paradox.html Kansas Public Conference Reveals Deep Contempt for the Poor and for Women – Fatherhood Initiatives – Control of Women and Children Under the Guise of "Responsible Married Fatherhood" [My comment’s are in Red to Kari’s article below- Good Job Kari- and thank you for covering this.] The real agenda- is much more sinister. The National Fatherhood Initiative: supporting a misogynistic agenda with "politically correct" jock straps. Federal and Kansas Fatherhood Initiatives, Fathers Rights, Grant Funding, under HHS Federal to local Kansas SRS- Fatherhood Programs…Kansas Fatherhood Coalition, etc. After all, single (Government Funded) abusive, killer daddies are so much better than single women with children. See: Children need. . . THIS? THE FATHERS RIGHTS MOVEMENT: IN THEIR OWN WORDS Fatherhood.Gov, (Not Motherhood.gov) The National Fatherhood Initiative: Supporting a Misogynistic Agenda (all this money spent, much more than ADC ever has been). Fatherhood the real pork. Just recently Kansas Children’s Service League (KCSL) Grant Funding for a father Class “How to Not Kill your Child”. sick sick sick…“DADDY WELFARE IN KANSAS – KANSAS FATHERHOOD INITATIVES” Kansas’s STRONG ‘REMINDING’ statement below, that ‘you women are owned, your children belong to the Father and or State- and if you claim Abuse Domestic Violence or child sexual Abuse by the father- You will be punished severely’ – The Abuser WILL TAKE your child(ren), You will be driven into poverty, joblessness. You will be further punished via proxies of the Court, Custody Evaluator, the GAL, Children’s Rights Groups such as but NOT limited to the umbrella groups – e.g Children’s Rights Council- (CRC), to Kansas Children Service League (KCSL) just to name a few….All who get paid federal and State funding for ‘legal child trafficking’ – and this will go on for years- [I have experienced 17 hell years in the ‘System’ in KS as described above.] All because you thought (wrongly) that you had the Human Right to be free from torture and left an Abusive Marriage – So if you were having thoughts of ‘human rights’- think again. In Kansas, A Public Conference Reveals Deep Contempt for the Poor and for Women From RH Reality Check by Kari Ann Rinker, National Organization for Women (NOW), Kansas November 16, 2011 – 3:49pm (Print) “This Governor failed!” This was my angry proclamation to Kansas Public Radio after listening to Robert Rector from the Heritage Foundation speak in Kansas City, Kansas on the topic of childhood poverty. Robert Rector was introduced as the “intellectual godfather of welfare reform." Mr. Rector was invited to Kansas to speak by Governor Sam Brownback. Governor Brownback stated at the start of the conference that he was seeking bi-partisan solutions to the problem of high rates of children living in poverty within our state. He declared “the best way to do it is to reach as far across the political spectrum and find someone as far opposite or different from you as you can and start to talk about strategy." This advice is obviously meant for all of the left leaning and moderate folks in the room, because this far right, radical Governor brought in a far-right, radical talking head from the Heritage Foundation. This is how the Governor failed. Obama who openly supports the misogynistic Fatherhood Initiatives by pouring Billions of $$ into Responsible fatherhood Programs (RFP). Brownback failed by bringing in the National Fatherhood Programs- while Congressman and is filtering that money even more into KS State $$- its all about oppression of women and their children and of course it’s monetary- it’s all about the money.] See: Ron Nichols, National Center for Fathering and Here in Kansas Robert Rector’s resume includes a piece he wrote titled “The Myth of Poverty”, claiming that the Census Bureau is overestimating the number of those truly living in poverty. He recently wrote a piece for the National Review, “How do the poor live? For starters, a poor child in America is far more likely to have a wide-screen plasma television, cable or satellite TV, a computer and an Xbox or TiVo in his home than he is to be hungry." Mr. Rector backed up his resume of crazy by spouting off some of these doozies during the course of his 45 minute speech… It’s probably not an exaggeration to say that the means-tested welfare system to support children in the United States is predominately a support system that compensates for the erosion of marriage. (fathers rights and patriarchy) Your state is separating into 2 social castes- unmarried women and married couples. SINGLE DADDYS– [KCSL is Federally Funded recently a grant to teach KS Fathers ‘HOW NOT to Kill their Children’ and support SINGLE DADDY or aka Daddy Welfare] Marriage is stronger than education in reducing child poverty—[WTF?] it has the same effect as 4 or 5 years of education for the mother. [You have got to be kidding me?= oh those terrible mothers]The effect of marriage in reducing poverty is stronger statistically than graduating from high school. [oh good goddess] These women [ewww were so infested] regard having children as the most significant thing in their lives. It’s what gives their lives meaning. [As a Battered Mother who was a Nurse in the psych field in Kansas for 13 years prior to having my daughter- only to then be battered by the FATHER – I leave the ‘marriage’ only to be punished by this BS thinking –that ‘man-is-‘god-mentality = Maintaining Complete Control over women and their children’ and gave my child to a known admitted and convicted batter—I say FU!] It’s just that they think of marriage like we think of a trip to Honolulu-it’d be nice sometime in the future, but not right now! First they get pregnant, and then they worry about marriage. [f# that s*#t] We’ve absolutely saturated these communities with birth control. In fact, Title X clinics don’t seem to be doing a very good job, do they?! [sigh] Sequential cohabitation is the primary cause of spousal abuse and child abuse. If they’re not the dad and just living with the mom, and the child is screaming and yelling, then the guy is more likely to react not in a positive way. [WRONG WRONG WRONG!! See Dastardly Dads and 175 Killer Dads: Fathers who ended their children’s lives in situations involving child custody, visitation, and/or child support (USA) Low income women aren’t hostile to marriage-they’re not radical feminists. They’re actually quite conservative. Mr. Rector’s government ‘solution to the problem of unmarried ladies’ was presented as a three-part plan… 1. Explain the benefits of marriage in middle and high schools with a high proportion of at-risk youth; 2. Create public education campaigns in low-income communities on the benefits of marriage; 3. Require federally funded birth control clinics to provide information on the benefits of marriage and skills needed to develop stable families to interested low-income clients. [Right just what we need- more Government pork—like Fatherhood.gov, National Fatherhood Initiatives, Head Start, YWCA, Access Visitation, Kansas Children’s Service League etc… the pay flow is endless, utterly. Just Google any of the above, the genocide of ‘Battered Mothers and Their Abused Children’– all by ‘daddy dearest of course.] I can condense those three parts into two words… indoctrination and coercion. [enslaving women and entrapping children] Mr. Rector backed his statements up by producing a big screen with a power point that had lots of “data." [hahah what data? his? try this data—Leadership Council– or better this data The Liz Library – or how about this data, the Battered Mothers Custody Conference] or DOMESTIC VIOLENCE, ABUSE, and CHILD CUSTODY: Legal Strategies and Policy Issues ’A reporter later asked me what I thought about the data. I agreed with the fact that the majority of children that are living in poverty are living in the homes of single mothers. However, focusing on this one piece of this very large puzzle is not just short-sided, it perpetuates the right wing sexist myth of lazy welfare moms. So, for Mr. Rector’s purposes…focusing on this one piece serves him, Governor Brownback and the rest of their right wing radical base well. What young women need (beyond the obvious need for greater access to low cost birth control and improved sex education in schools) is a boost to their self-esteem. They need mentors that will tell them that they are greater than their biological ability to pro-create. [no shit- that they are what ?human beings? damn straight] They need to be told that they possess greatness within themselves beyond what can be obtained by any outside stimulus, whether that be men, babies, money, drugs or alcohol. We must prop these young women up with not only internal fortitude, but with jobs that pay a living wage and opportunities for secondary education. These “town halls” created to perpetuate myths and sexist stereotypes about women for the political purpose of crushing welfare benefits to the needy within our state will do nothing to combat the true problem of childhood poverty. These events are despicable and they are sad. This Governor is using the poor children of Kansas as pawns to advance his personal political agenda. The one positive that could potentially come from these high profile staged “town hall” events in Kansas, is the outing of this Governor. This Governor is not just an opponent of abortion, or even birth control, he is an opponent of women. In Kansas, Secrecy, Control, and Limited Participation Are Hallmarks Of Brownback’s Town Halls by Kari Ann Rinker Governor Brownback’s policies are designed to favor the likes of the Kochs, not the kids of Kansas. His "town halls" are further proof of the control that our governor demands over every interaction, every policy and every man, woman and child within Kansas boundaries. What Topeka Tells Us: When the Budget Cuts Come, It’s Women and Children First by Jodi Jacobson This week’s power struggle over who would pay for prosecuting domestic violence crimes in Shawnee County, Kansas is both a reflection and a foreshadowing of how anti-tax, anti-government, religiously ideological leaders see their states and our country going. In short, when it comes to making cuts, it’s women and children first. New tool gives abused women a voice in courtroom Advocates pushing for Evidentiary Abuse Affidavit Click here for News Video WGN News Example of How to do an Evidentiary Abuse Affidavit here. By Marcella RaymondWGN News One in four women is abused. Nationwide eight women a day are murdered by an abuser. But now there is a new tool that is helping women stay alive and giving them a voice in the process. The evidentiary abuse affidavit was born out of Stacy Peterson’s disappearance. It is a tool advocates say will wipe out hearsay since it comes from the woman herself. First she details on paper abuse that, for some, has gone on for decades. The affidavit is witnessed by at least two people and notarized. Then she reads it on tape. Susan Murphy-Milano has advocated for abused women for more than 20 years. She created the Evidentiary Abuse Affidavit. Through Murphy-Milano, at least 1,000 women in the last year have made the evidentiary abuse affidavit. All of them are still alive. DuPage County State`s Attorney Robert Berlin says while the Evidentiary Abuse Affidavit statements would take away hearsay, now the 6th Amendment comes in to play where a defendant has the right to confront a witness against him. Unless there`s more evidence that proves he made her disappear so she couldn`t testify. The Evidentiary Abuse Affidavit will be available December 25th in app form at apple stores nationwide. You can also get all the information in Susan Murphy-Milano’s book “Time’s Up.” It’s available on her websitewww.susanmurphymilano.com	cc/2019-30/en_head_0039.json.gz/line575
__label__cc	0.51381	0.48619	Anna Blakney A. K. Blakney, P. F. McKay, B. Ibarzo Yus, Y. Aldon, R. J. Shattock. Inside out: optimization of lipid nanoparticle formulations for exterior complexation and in vivo delivery of saRNA. Submitted. K. Lennard, S. Dabee, S. L. Barnabas, E. Havyarimana, A. K. Blakney, S. Z. Jaumdally, G. Botha, N. N. Mkhize, L. G. Bekker, D. A. Lewis, G. Gray, N. Mulder, J. S. Passmore, H. B. Jaspan. Vaginal microbiota varies by geographical location in South African women. The South African Journal of Science and Technology. Accepted. A.K. Blakney, P. F. McKay, D. Christensen, B. Ibarzo Yus, Y. Aldon, F. Follmann, R. J. Shattock. Effects of cationic adjuvant formulation particle type, fluidity and immunomodulators on delivery and immunogenicity of saRNA. Journal of Controlled Release. 304: 65-74 (2019). (link) A.K. Blakney, P.F. McKay, B. Ibarzo Yus, J. E. Hunter, E. A. Dex, R. J. Shattock. The Skin You Are In: Design-of-Experiments Optimization of Lipid Nanoparticle Self-Amplifying RNA Formulations in Human Skin Explants. ACS Nano. Accepted. (link) A. K. Blakney, P. F. McKay, R. J. Shattock. Structural components for amplification of positive and negative strand VEEV splitzicons. Frontiers in Molecular Biosciences. 5:71 (2018). (link) A. K. Blakney, G. Yilmaz, P. F. McKay, R. J. Shattock, C. R. Becer. One size does not fit all: The effect of chain length and charge density of poly(ethylene imine) based copolymers on delivery of pDNA, mRNA and RepRNA polyplexes. Biomacromolecules. 19 (7): 2870-2879 (2018). (link) K. Lennard, S. Dabee, S. L. Barnabas, E. Havyarimana, A. K. Blakney, S. Z. Jaumdally, G. Botha, N. Mkhize, L.G. Bekker, D. A. Lewis, G. Gray, N. Mulder, J. S. Passmore, H. B. Jaspan. Microbiota composition predicts genital tract inflammation and persistent bacterial vaginosis in adolescent South African women. Infection and Immunity. 86 (1): 1-18 (2018). (link) E.A. Krogstad, R. Ramanathan, C. Nhan, A.K. Blakney, S. Cao, J. Kraft, R. Ho, K.A. Woodrow. Nanoparticle-releasing nanofiber composites for enhanced in vivo vaginal retention. Biomaterials. 144: 1-16 (2017). (link) A. K. Blakney, Y. Jiang, K. A. Woodrow. Application of electrospun fibers for female reproductive health. Drug Delivery and Translational Research. 1-9 (2017). (link) A.K. Blakney, A.B. Little, Y. Jiang, K.A. Woodrow. In vitro-ex vivo correlations between a cell-laden hydrogel and mucosal tissue for screening composite delivery systems. Drug Delivery. 24 (1): 582-590 (2017). (link) A.K. Blakney, F.I. Simonovsky, I.T. Suydam, B.D. Ratner, K.A. Woodrow. Rapidly Biodegrading PLGA-Polyurethane Fibers for Sustained Release of Physicochemically Diverse Drugs. ACS Biomaterials Science and Engineering. 2 (9): 1595-1607 (2016). (link) R.J. Stoddard, A. Steger, A.K. Blakney, K.A. Woodrow. In pursuit of functional electrospun materials for clinical applications in humans. Therapeutic Delivery. 7 (6): 387-409 (2016). (link) A.K. Blakney, Y. Jiang, D. Whittington, K.A. Woodrow. Simultaneous Measurement of Etravirine, Maraviroc and Raltegravir in Pigtail Macaque Plasma, Vaginal Secretions and Vaginal Tissue using a LC-MS/MS Assay. Journal of Chromatography B. 1025: 110-118 (2016). (link) A.C. Hesseling, A.K. Blakney, C.E. Jones, M.M. Esser, C. de Beer, L. Kuhn, M. F. Cotton, H. B. Jaspan. Delayed BCG Immunization Is Not Associated with Altered Antibody Responses to EPI Vaccines in HIV-exposed and –unexposed South African Infants. Vaccine. 34 (32): 3702-3709 (2016). (link) Y.H. Jiang, S. Cao, D. Bright, A. Bever, A.K. Blakney, I. Suydam, K.A. Woodrow. Nanoparticle-based ARV drug combinations for synergistic inhibition of cell-free and cell-cell HIV transmission. Molecular Pharmaceutics. 12 (12): 4363-4374 (2015). (link) A.K. Blakney, C.T. Tchakoute, A.C. Hesseling, E.B. Kidzeru, C.E. Jones, J.S. Passmore, D.L. Sodora, C.M. Gray, H.B. Jaspan. Delayed BCG Vaccination Results in Minimal Alterations in T cell Immunogenicity of Acellular Pertussis and Tetanus Immunizations in HIV-Exposed Infants. Vaccine. 33 (38):4782-4789 (2015). (link) C.T. Tchakoute, A.C. Hesseling, A.K. Blakney, H.B. Jaspan. Reply to Thysen et al. Journal of Infectious Diseases.212 (8): 1342-1343 (2015). (link) M.D. Swartzlander, A.K. Blakney, L.D. Amer, K.D. Hankenson, T.R. Kyriakides, S.J. Bryant. Immunomodulation by Mesenchymal Stem Cells Combats the Foreign Body Response to Cell-Laden Synthetic Hydrogels. Biomaterials. 41(1):79-88 (2015). (link) M.D. Swartzlander, C.A. Barnes, A.K. Blakney, J.L. Kaar, T.R. Kyriakides, S.J. Bryant. Linking the foreign body response and protein adsorption to PEG-based hydrogels using proteomics. Biomaterials. 41(1):26-36 (2015). (link) A.K. Blakney, E.A. Krogstad, Y.H. Jiang and K.A. Woodrow. Delivery of Multipurpose Prevention Drug Combinations from Electrospun Nanofibers Using Composite Microarchitectures. International Journal of Nanomedicine. 9(1):2967-2978 (2014).(link) D. Nelson, R. Hashizume, T. Yoshizumi, A. Blakney, Z. Ma, W. Wagner. Intramyocardial injection of a synthetic hydrogel with delivery of bFGF and IGF1 in a rat model of ischemic cardiomyopathy. Biomacromolecules. 15(1):1-11 (2014). (link) A.K. Blakney, C. Ball, E.A. Krogstad and K.A. Woodrow. Electrospun Fibers for Vaginal Anti-HIV Drug Delivery. Journal of Antiviral Research. 100: S9-S16 (2013). (link) A.D. Lynn, M.D. Swartzlander, A.K. Blakney, and S.J. Bryant. Understanding the Host Response to Cell-Laden Poly(ethylene glycol)-based Hydrogels. Biomaterials. 34(4): 952-964 (2013). (link) A.K. Blakney, M.D. Swartzlander, and S.J. Bryant. The effects of substrate stiffness on the in vitro activation of macrophages and in vivo host response to poly(ethylene glycol)-based hydrogels. Journal of Biomedical Research Part A. 100A(6): 1375-1386 (2012). (link) A.D. Lynn, A.K. Blakney, T.R. Kyriakides, and S.J. Bryant. Temporal progression of the host response to implanted poly(ethyelene glycol)-based hydrogels. Journal of Biomedical Materials Research Part A. 96(4):621-31 (2011). (link)	cc/2019-30/en_head_0039.json.gz/line576
__label__wiki	0.831647	0.831647	Header of the page Abolition Government-led initiatives to end the legal trade in enslaved peoples. France abolished its slave trade in 1794, but re-instituted it legally in 1815. Denmark first abolished permanently its slave trade (1802). Britain spearheaded the international abolition movement, culminating in the termination of the British slave trade (1807) and slavery within the British Empire (1833). The Spanish government ended the slave trade to Cuba in 1867; slavery ended in Cuba in 1886 and then in Brazil in 1888. Adults African men and women generally older than 13 or 14 years of age or taller than four feet four inches. Over the 350-year history of the trans-Atlantic slave trade, captains purchased more adults (80%) than children (20%). Specific age ratios differ by time and place. Africa After the opening of the New World by the Spanish and Portuguese circa 1500, some 12 million Africans were shipped west between 1500 and 1867. Most enslaved Africans were embarked from modern-day Nigeria, Congo, Zaire and Angola. Europeans purchased enslaved Africans mostly along the Atlantic African coastline from the Senegal River to Benguela (Angola) and then in Madagascar and Mozambique in southeast Africa. Africans Persons born or living in Africa. Europeans believed Africans to be ideal slaves due to their supposed docility, ability to work in tropical climates, and the Biblical "Curse of Ham." Europeans also believed Africans to be legitimate slaves as the institution of slavery existed in Africa. Ideas of European racial superiority increased through the era of the slave trade. American revolutionary war (1775-1783) During the American revolutionary war, naval squadrons and privateers raided shipping, destroyed African trading posts, and captured Caribbean ports. Between 1777 and 1782 Atlantic warfare reduced the volume of the trans-Atlantic slave trade by two-thirds--the sharpest drop in its history. The Dutch, American, and French slave trades virtually ended. Other sharp drops in trade volume also occurred during European war years, such as 1689-1697 (King William's War), 1744-1745 (during the War of Austrian Succession), and 1793-1794 (the beginning of the Wars of the French Revolution). Between 1783 and 1807 slaving ships departing ports such as Newport, Rhode Island, flew U.S., not British, flags. Americas The landmasses and islands of North America, Central America, and South America. The Americas constituted the destination for the vast majority of enslaved Africans transported overseas, and most were put to work in the plantations and mines of the European colonies. Amerindian The pre-Columbian inhabitants of the New World. The Spanish and Portuguese destroyed many of the Amerindian societies they met, depopulating entire regions, such as the Bahamas, within a generation. Between 1492 and 1550 the Amerindian population of the West Indies had been reduced by ninety percent, due to massacres, the importation of Old World diseases, such as smallpox and measles, and the destruction of local agricultural bases. In response colonists, as early as 1510, demanded that the Spanish Crown authorize shipments of enslaved Africans to work in the New World. Anglo-Brazilian anti-slave trade treaty (1830) In 1826 British officials signed an anti-slave trade treaty with Brazilian diplomats, a treaty that aimed to strengthen agreements the British made with Portugal before Brazilian independence in 1822. The 1826 Treaty (ratified in 1827) made March 13, 1830 the date for the abolition of the Brazilian slave trade, after which Brazilian nationals' participation in the slave trade equaled piracy. The height of the trans-Atlantic slave trade to Brazil occurred in 1828-1829, as merchants rushed to outfit slaving ships. A Brazilian enforcement law went into effect in 1831 but proved to be ineffective. The Brazilian slave trade continued until 1852, ending due to the efforts of a stronger Brazilian government and British pressure. Anti-slave trade treaties: Anglo-Portuguese Treaty A treaty brokered by British diplomats to limit the Portuguese slave trade. The compromise measure banned Portuguese slave-trading north of the equator with the exception of the trade at Ouidah (Whydah). As a consequence, Ouidah developed into the major slave-trading outlet north of the equator. At the same time, however, the Portuguese trade to the Upper Guinea Coast (Cacheu, Bissau and the Bissagos Islands) declined. Arrivals The number of slaves who arrived at the first port of sale. The number of arrivals is lower than the number of departures due to slave mortality during the Middle Passage. Asiento A contract between the Spanish Crown and an individual or company for a semi-monopoly of the sale of licenses for the exportation of slaves to Spanish America. In 1518 King Charles V (Emperor Charles I) initiated the policy of selling slave-trading licenses to merchant-bankers to earn income for the Crown and supply enslaved labor to the Spanish Antilles. Historians estimate that 130,000-150,000 licenses to export slaves from 1518 to 1600. The asiento system continued until a policy of free trade was instituted in the Spanish colonial world in 1789. Atlantic Islands Islands in the Atlantic Ocean, principally the Azores, Madeira, Canaries, Cape Verdes, Sao Tome, Principe and Fernando Po. In the early history of the Atlantic slave trade, the Canaries and Cape Verdes acted as important trading posts in the Iberian slave trading system. Together with Sao Tome, these islands also acted as prototypes of plantation economies. Later, the Caribbean Islands became one of the primary destinations for enslaved Africans, with the Canaries acting as an important victualing port. Barbary pirates Pirates and privateers operating from the Barbary Coast in North Africa. Between the fourteenth and nineteenth centuries the Barbary pirates constituted a major impediment to Mediterranean and Atlantic trade, with thousands of merchant ships lost to their actions. The pirates also launched Razzias (raids) on the southern Mediterranean, enslaving thousands of Christians. Europeans purchased "Mediterranean Passes" to ensure safe passage through Barbary waters. The Barbary pirates declined after 1815 when the United States pacified the pirates through force, and France occupied the main pirate bases in Algiers. Bight of Benin Slaving region defined as covering the coastline from the Volta River east to the River Nun, a coastline today in eastern Ghana, Togo, Benin and western Nigeria. Referred to by Europeans also as the "Slave Coast." Bight of Biafra Slaving region defined as covering the coastline from the River Nun to Cape Lopez, a coastline today in western Nigeria, Cameroon, Equatorial Guinea and northern Gabon. The region includes Bimbia Island, Cameroon and the Gulf of Guinea islands Principe and Sao Tome. Bocal slaves Newly-arrived slaves who spoke languages different from the common language in the place of import. In the African context, bocals (Portuguese) or bozals (Spanish) were slaves imported from the interior to coastal trading sites. In the Americas context, bocals were slaves imported directly from Africa. In Portuguese and Spanish the term means "simple" or "stupid" or "ignorant." Bourbon reforms A series of measures taken by the Spanish Crown in the 18th Century to increase control over Spain and her colonies. The reforms ended the asiento system, opening up the slave trade to independent traders. Boys Immature male slaves. Generally, slaving traders classified "boys" as shorter than four feet four inches or younger than 13-14 years of age. On most slaving vessels captains confined and, depending on their age, chained "boys" to specific below-deck compartments towards the center and stern of the vessel. Brazil Brazil was the center of the trans-Atlantic slave trade for most years between 1570 and 1850, whether under the Portuguese flag or, after independence in 1822, under the Brazilian flag. Rio de Janiero and Bahia outfitted more slaving voyages than any other ports. Perhaps forty percent of all Africans forced into the slave trade ended their lives in Brazil. Rio de Janeiro also imported more enslaved Africans in the late 1820s than did any other port in the history of the trade. Brazil: suppression of slave trade (1850) In 1850-51 the Brazilian government passed a decree that abolished the slave trade, ending three hundred years of slaving. British pressure, a yellow fever epidemic in 1849-50 and Brazilian statesmanship contributed to ending the trade. Small numbers of enslaved Africans continued to enter Brazil during the 1850s and early 1860s. Captain The commander of the slaving vessel and legal authority on board. Slaving captains had a broad range of responsibilities, including navigating the ship, trading with African merchants for slaves, provisions and produce, and selling slaves in the Americas. Merchants paid captains commissions, bonuses, "privilege slaves" and other emoluments. Captive / captives One who is forcibly confined, restrained, or subjugated, as a prisoner. Most enslaved Africans were taken captive by slaving raids on their villages, or captured as 'prisoners of war' during intertribal fighting. Captor One who takes or keeps a person as a captive. Raiders acted as captors when taking slaves; traders acted as captors when purchasing slaves. Capture (of slave ship) To be taken by an enemy government's navy or privateers, pirates, Africans (free or enslaved) or crewmen (mutiny). The trans-Atlantic slave trade declined during wartime due to the heightened risk of capture; it declined to its greatest extent during the American Revolutionary War years 1777-1781. Cargo The freight carried by a slaving ship. Slaving vessels carried European and Asian manufactured goods as cargo to Africa. In Africa captains purchased "human cargoes," provisions and produce. Once slaves were sold in the Americas, captains often loaded cargoes of agricultural goods for sale in Europe or the United States such as sugar, tobacco and coffee. Child ratio The proportion of enslaved Africans, shipped into the trans-Atlantic slave trade, who were children relative to adult slaves. Approximately 26 per cent of all slaves carried to the Americas were classified as children, a ratio unmatched in any pre 20th century migration. Children Immature slaves. Defined in British slave trade as being shorter than four feet four inches or younger than 13-14 years. Over the 350-year history of the trans-Atlantic slave trade, captains purchased more adults (80%) than children (20%). Specific age ratios differ by time and place. Clearance Primary port where slaving voyages began. Vessels were cleared for departure once they had registered with the custom house and paid duties and taxes on their cargoes. Columbian Contact Columbian contact marks the first meeting of Old and New World peoples in October-December 1492 when Columbus arrived in the Bahamas, northern Cuba and northwest Hispaniola. On Columbus's return voyage in 1493 the Spanish began formally their exploration and conquest of the New World. The meeting of Old and New World peoples also began the transfer of peoples, crops, animals and diseases known as the "Columbian exchange," of which the trans-Atlantic slave trade forms a major part. Compagnie (Cie) du S‚n‚gal (Senegal Company) French private company founded in 1672 to increase the French slave and gun trades. A decree in 1685 gave the Company a trading monopoly from the Senegal River to Sierra Leone. In 1718 the Company merged with another French slave-trading company, the Compagnie d'Occident (Company of the West). In the 1770s and 1780s a reorganized Senegal Company, based in Le Havre, concentrated its commercial activities to Senegal. It ended its trans-Atlantic slave trading ventures after 1792, during the French Revolution. Condemnation (of slave ship) A decision by customs inspectors that a slaving vessel is no longer seaworthy. Many slavers were older vessels fitted out for the purpose of making only one or two voyages. As a result, slaving ships were condemned more often than ships in other trades. During wartime, many slave ships also were condemned due to damage caused by enemy action. Most condemnations occurred in the Americas. Construction Place at which slaving vessel was originally constructed. Few vessels were built for the trade, particularly during the 1514-1700 period. Merchants usually purchased secondhand vessels and refitted them for the slave trade. Court of Mixed Commission In 1817 a British-sponsored international treaty created a Court of Mixed Commission to hear cases concerning captured slaving ships. The Court included officials from a "mix" of countries to ensure impartiality. The first Court sat in Freeport, Sierra Leone (1819), and between 1819 and 1867 additional Courts were set up in Nassau (Bahamas), Havana, Paramaribo (Surinam), Luanda (Angola), New York City and Rio de Janeiro. Courts of Mixed Commission Registers After abolition, liberated Africans freed by the Royal Navy were registered before their return to Africa. The registers contain a wealth of information such as an African's name, height, origin and sex. Digitized initial pages of some of these registers can be seen in the Resources section of the Voyages website, by going to the "Images" subsection then clicking on "Manuscripts." Creole A person of European or African descent born in the Americas. In the fifteenth century Portuguese-African traders popularized the term (crioulo/a). The term refers also to a new language that blends European and African languages, spoken by Europeans, Africans and African-Americans, the most common being French Creole in St. Domingue/Haiti. Crew The number of personnel manning the slave ship at the beginning of the voyage. The need to guard, feed and clean African captives, coupled with the high mortality suffered by Europeans on a slaving voyage, meant that slaving vessels typically carried more crew than a similarly sized vessel in another trade. Slave ship crewmen suffered high rates of mortality due to a lack of natural resistance to tropical diseases such as malaria and yellow fever. Crew Action Slaving crews sometimes mutinied against their officers, typically against poor conditions on board or a lack of pay. Some crews mutinied in order to capture the ship and "turn pirate." An unsuccessful mutiny resulted in legal floggings and hangings. Some crewmen, officers in particular, raped African women. Custom House The customs office at a port that cleared vessels and imposed duties upon goods imported and exported. Cut off Africans on shore "cut off" slaving vessels anchored in harbors or rivers on the African coast. Enslaved Africans on board also "cut off" ships during insurrections, though the term occurs more frequently as shore-based attacks. Finally, slave ships were "cut off" by the rising and lowering of tides which trapped vessels in rivers and creeks. Departures Departures refer to ports where voyages originated. Ships would clear customs "for Africa" and departed from Europe or the Americas. By 1820, almost all slaving voyages originated in Brazil, the West Indies or North America. Diaspora A dispersion of an originally homogeneous people. The Atlantic slave trade dispersed 10-11 million people throughout the temperate and tropical Americas creating an 'African Diaspora'. Disembark/disembarkation To force slaves from vessels in port. Slaves could be disembarked at several ports in the Americas, as slave ship captains often traveled to various ports searching for the best price for their cargo. Disembarked slaves faced a thorough preparation for sale whereby they were scrubbed with palm oil, fattened with additional provisions and shaved. Slaves then underwent inspection by customs officials to ascertain their value prior to taxation and their sale to plantation owners. Embark/ embarkation Loading African captives into a slave ship. In West Africa slaves were embarked via canoe, as slaving vessels had to anchor off shore due to a lack of natural harbors. Slaves would often be kept below decks for weeks after embarkation, firstly whilst they waited for the slaving master to procure a full cargo, and then during the Middle Passage across the Atlantic. Exported (slaves) The number of enslaved Africans embarked on and departed from the coast of Africa. Fate The documented outcome of a slaving voyage. Slavers hoped to 'complete' their voyage by returning to their homeport having purchased and sold slaves. Because of the risks of the sea, capture and rebellion, one in four slaving vessels failed to return to their homeport. Females The number of female slaves. Slave traders did not prefer purchasing female slaves because buyers in the Americas sought stronger 'prime males'. Slavers kept female enslaved Africans separated from the males on board, and usually did not chain them above or below deck. Crewmen occasionally raped females on the Coast and Middle Passage. Flag/national flag The national registration papers carried on board ship. During the slave trade suppression period, post-1810, slavers often sailed under a flag different from their own nationality. In Estimates, this box enables the user to limit the analysis to one or more of seven national carriers by checking boxes next to those for which results will be reported. The seven national carriers are the same as those found using Flag* in Search the Database, except that the latter includes a category for 12 voyages under other flags. The variable Flag, without an asterisk, in Search the Database contains all 16 national carriers before being regrouped into a smaller number of categories. [Note: Other has 60 cases here] Free trade era Through most years of the slave trade mercantilist laws restricted slave trades to monopoly companies and national carriers. When companies lost monopolies in the 1700s, others could trade on the African coast and in the Americas. In 1789 the Spanish Crown allowed ships of all nations to land slaves in American colonies, such as Cuba. From 1789 to 1867 slaving ships from throughout the Atlantic world docked at Havana, the most multi-national slaving port in the Americas. Gender Differences between men and women, which influenced how slave traders organized shipboard confinement of Africans. Perceiving that women were not a security threat, captains often did not shackle women and imprisoned them towards the stern of the vessel and hence near the weapons' chest. Insurrections often occurred when women gained access to firearms. Geophysical map A map which displays topographical features, such as rivers and mountains, or oceanographic features such as winds and currents. The clockwise North Atlantic and anti-clockwise South Atlantic wind and current systems helped to order the voyage pathways in the trans-Atlantic slave trade. Girls Immature female slaves. Generally, slaving traders classified "girls" as shorter than four feet four inches or younger than 13-14 years of age. On most slaving vessels captains confined "girls" to specific below-deck compartments towards the stern of the vessel. Gold Coast Slaving region defined as covering the African coastline east of the Assini River to and including the Volta River, a region today in Ghana. Europeans built most of their trading forts along this 400-mile coastline, several of which remain important historic sites. Guns/guns mounted The number of cannon or swivel guns fitted on a slaving vessel. Slavers mounted guns to protect against privateers, pirates and Africans during insurrections. In addition, slavers often sailed as privateers themselves during wartime. High Court of the Admiralty A court for hearing prize cases in which vessels have been captured in war. The High Court assessed the value of the prize, and decided whether the prize was taken in accordance with maritime law. Armed slaving vessels issued with a letter of marque sometime took prizes during their voyage, a lucrative side business which offset somewhat the additional risk incurred in wartime. Historical map A map showing features as they were, rather than as they are now. [Check: Perhaps add some detail on the historical maps in the images section] Homeport The vessels' port of registration and from where it cleared customs on its outward voyage. Homeward passage The voyage leg returning a vessel to its home port. A typical homeward passage for a North Atlantic slaving vessel tracked northeast with the Gulf Stream, and then across the Atlantic to England and northwest Europe. The homeward passage north required 4- 8 weeks' sailing time. Human agency The actions of individuals that impacted the outcome of a voyage. By resisting their shipboard confinement, Africans raised the costs of slaving voyages. Some gained control and scuttled ships; some escaped to shore; some committed suicide. A few sailors also mutinied. Captains' experience and abilities helped to determine coastal transactions and health care on board ship. Iberian Peninsula The large stretch of land, including Spain and Portugal, in southwest Europe. The Iberian countries dominated the slave trade during its infancy (1450-1650), when Spain and Portugal monopolized slaving markets in Africa and the Americas. From the 1630s onwards, Dutch, British and French traders substantially reduced the Iberian share of the trans-Atlantic slave trade. Imported (slaves) The number of enslaved Africans disembarked in the Western Hemisphere or, if captured by anti-slaving patrols, in Africa. Impress The forcible recruitment of sailors into the Navy. The Royal Navy relied almost exclusively on impressment to man the fleet throughout the age of sail. Slaving vessels were particularly susceptible to impressment due to the large crews they carried who became redundant in the Americas. Indentured servants Indentured servants were Europeans, mostly males between the ages of 18 and 25, who contracted themselves to an employer in the New World for between four and seven years, after which time they were free to work for themselves. Masters were obliged to provide servants with food and lodging during their service, in addition to a small sum of money, or land at the end of their indenture. The small number of servants relative to the demand for workers in the Americas was one of the key factors behind the importation of enslaved Africans. Insurrection An open revolt by the slaves against the slaving crew, often with the aim of taking over the slave ship. Slaving crews did everything in their power to prevent slave insurrections by keeping the male slaves separated and chained, constructing barricades on deck and purchasing supposedly more tractable slaves from specific regions of Africa. Successful slave insurrections were rare, but bloody affairs, which typically resulted in the death of the crew. Insurrections broke out on one in ten voyages. Intended Slaving vessels loaded trading goods to exchange for a certain "intended" number of slaves. Captains usually fell short of purchasing their "intended" number of enslaved Africans. Captains also sailed for "intended" ports of call in Africa, the Americas and Europe. Most captains traded at their intended ports of call. Along the African coast, there were regional market preferences for specific trading goods, and captains had difficulty trading profitability at markets other than those they sailed for. Interloper Slave traders operating in violation of monopoly company privileges. During the Iberian dominance of the slave trade (1450-1650), the English, Dutch and French were seen as interlopers into a trade to which the Spanish and Portuguese had been granted a monopoly by the papacy. Individual traders also acted as interlopers when trading in Africa in defiance of monopoly companies. Frequently, interlopers and African merchants opened new trading outlets for enslaved Africans, thus preceding Company ships in many markets. Invoice date The date on a bill of sale. Jamaica Britain captured Jamaica from the Spanish in 1655. Under British control the island developed into the major plantation colony in the British West Indies, importing forty percent of all enslaved Africans on British vessels. Plantation agriculture first centered around Kingston in the southeast and then expanded steadily westward throughout the 1700s. Sugar remained the most important cash crop produced in Jamaica; coffee production began expanding in the 1780s. The Jamaican economy also had a significant livestock sector, which employed more Jamaicans of African descent after the Abolition of Slavery in 1833. Laid up The situation of a ship when unrigged, during a winter, for want of employment or when unfit for service. Because the slave trade was seasonable, ships laid up in port. Leeward Islands The group of islands lying in the northeast Caribbean and including Dominica, Guadeloupe, Montserrat, Antigua, Nevis, St. Kitts, Barbuda, St. Eustatius, St. Bartholomew, St. Martin, Anguilla and the Virgin Islands. The Leeward Islands were initially controlled by the Spanish who left them vacant thinking them 'useless'. Seeing that the islands were ideal for sugar and tobacco cultivation the British and French occupied the islands and developed them into lucrative plantation economies on which thousands of slaves worked. Liberated slaves/liberated Africans Following anti-slave trade treaties, the first in 1810, the British Royal Navy policed the African Atlantic coast to search for illegal slaving voyages. They escorted captured ships to Sierra Leone and there liberated the Africans. Voyages contains several pictures of liberated slaves in the Images section, in addition to pictures of Royal Navy ships approaching or capturing slaving vessels. Log book A book in which a ship captain kept the daily navigational log and details of some occurrences on board. To plot their course, captains noted wind direction, hull speed, latitude and longitude. Log books are a valuable source as they provide detail of the daily running of a slaving vessel including crew deaths and acts of resistance by the slaves. Male ratio The number of male slaves relative to the number of female slaves. The ratio was skewed towards males because plantation owners desired 'prime male slaves' above others and African societies wanted to retain female slaves. As a result, slaving ships embarked more male than female slaves. Manuscript Section within "Images" containing pictures of original documents from the slave trade. The slave registers within Manuscripts record the details of slaves emancipated by the Royal Navy when they policed the slave trade. Men Adult male Africans sold into the trans-Atlantic slave trade. Generally, slaving traders classified "men" as taller than four feet four inches or older than 13-14 years of age. On most slaving vessels captains confined and chained "men" to specific below-deck compartments towards the center and bow of the vessel. Middle Passage The trans-Atlantic voyage between Africa and the Americas. The Middle Passage was notorious due to the cramped, unhygienic conditions suffered by the slaves below deck and became a symbol of the anti-slavery movement. It also represents both a bridge and a divider between the Old and New Worlds. Minas Gerais In the 1690s, gold, diamonds and silver were discovered near Rio de Janeiro in Brazil. Minas Gerais, in Portuguese, "general mines," was one of the largest gold finds in history and required thousands of workers to extract its riches. After exploiting Amerindian labour in the mines, the Portuguese turned to purchasing enslaved Africans, mostly from West-Central Africa and the Bight of Benin. Portuguese merchants sent slaving voyages directly from Rio de Janeiro to Africa, creating a slave trade between South America and Africa that bypassed Europe. Minas Gerais remained an important mining region through the mid-1700s. Mortality The number of Africans or crewmen who died on board the ship, whether while anchored off the coast of Africa, on the Middle Passage or in American harbors. Crew mortality was highest along the African coast. Slaves died at greater rates than crewmen and mortality rose during excessively long voyages due to starvation and dietary related diseases. National carrier See: flag/national flag. Natural hazard The risks associated with sailing the Atlantic and trading in the tropics. Many slaving vessels were lost on the African coast (sandbars being the greatest threat), in Atlantic storms or in the Americas (where reefs were the greatest threat). Sailors and slaves also faced the natural hazard of disease. Old World The Old World refers to Africa and Europe. In the Old World slave trade (1445-1750), Portuguese vessels shipped enslaved Africans between African coastal locations, between the African coast and Atlantic islands such as Madeira, or between the African coast and Europe. After abolition, slaves were moved within the Old World when the Royal Navy repatriated emancipated slaves to Sierra Leone. Organization (of slave voyages) Organizing slaving voyages required outfitters to purchase trading goods in demand in regional African markets. Captains also needed to hire requisite numbers of crewmen to work as sailors, craftsmen and guards. Over time slave prices rose and African merchants demanded greater and greater quantities of high-quality trading goods; only ports with sufficient infrastructures could organize large numbers of slaving ventures. Outset (voyage outset) Merchants' account books itemized outset costs, which included the costs of trading cargo (mostly textiles, metal manufacturers, hardware, alcohol and weaponry), security devices such as shakles, port fees and the wage bill. Outward passage The first leg of a slaving voyage, from the port of departure to Africa. Departure regions included Europe, North America, the Caribbean and Brazil, and voyages usually required 1-3 months' sailing time. Crewmen worked on the outward passage, preparing the vessel to receive human cargo by configuring below-deck prisons. Pirates One who robs at sea or plunders the land from the sea without commission from a sovereign nation. Piracy was a major impediment to the slave trade throughout the seventeenth and early eighteenth centuries, when they roamed both the Caribbean and the West Coast of Africa. After the destruction of pirate bases in Nassau, Madagascar and Sierra Leone, the pirate threat diminished. Barbary pirates did, however, continue to threaten shipping into the mid-nineteenth century. Place (as used for estimates maps) Places of trade can refer to ports, discrete landmasses (such as islands) or broadly-defined geographical units such as "Caribbean" or "North America". Plantation A large estate or farm on which cash crops and provisions are grown, usually by slave workers. Plantations constituted the destination of the majority of enslaved Africans. Plantation workers faced long hours planting, growing and harvesting crops such as sugar, tobacco and cotton. The poor conditions on plantations typically resulted in high mortality rates. In the Caribbean and Brazil, for example, plantation owners purchased slaves on the basis that they would live for four years. Port A coastal town with a navigable harbor and infrastructure needed to load and unload cargoes. Ports of call A port where ships docked to load or unload cargo, to obtain supplies, or to undergo repairs. Pounds (sterling) The currency of the United Kingdom of Great Britain. Colonial currencies, such as Jamaican pounds, were valued 40% below that of the British pound sterling. Price /standardized price Price of slaves at a port of sale in the Americas, standardized in English pounds sterling. "Slaves" were not "cheap"; rather, buyers paid high prices for enslaved Africans on the African coast and in the Americas. Prime slaves Healthy slaves, men and women, between the ages of 18 and 30. Slave traders desired prime slaves above others and paid premiums for them. Privateers A ship privately owned and manned but authorized by a government during wartime to attack and capture enemy vessels. Armed slaving vessels often purchased a letter of marque during wartime in order to capture enemy shipping on their own account. Prize A vessel captured from the enemy and deemed a legal capture in a prize court. Rebellion See insurrection. Registration The port at which a slaving vessel is registered to by the owners, often the same as the port of departure. During the era of British-led suppression after 1810, captains carried registration papers from numerous nations to evade anti-slave trade treaties. Resistance Acts by slaves or crewmen to gain freedom or improve their shipboard conditions. Most Africans resisted their slave status and shipboard confinement; some sailors resisted the power of tyrannical officers. Return passage See homeward passage. Rig The manner in which a vessel's sails are configured. There are sixty rigs in the database, the most common being "ship" (a combination of different sails on three masts), brig and schooner. Rio de la Plata The "Plate" or "Silver" River flows through Argentina and Uruguay. It is the southernmost disembarkation point for enslaved Africans in the Atlantic world. Enslaved Africans sent to Rio de la Plata were often transported overland to the Andean colonies of Bolivia and Peru, where they worked in silver mines. The river feeds the highly productive pampas agricultural region, which became important in the eighteenth century. Royal African Company A London-based private company founded in 1672 with a monopoly on African trade and subsidized by tax payers. The Crown chartered the Company to advance British gold and slave trades along the West African Coast, centered on forts in the mouth of the Gambia River, in Sierra Leone, along the Gold Coast and at Ouidah (Whydah), in modern-day Benin. English interlopers, private merchants trading in contravention of the company's monopoly, reduced the Company's profits. The termination of the Company's monopoly privileges in 1698 and 1712 accelerated its decline, culminating in its dissolution in 1752. Sailing orders Merchants' orders to slaving captains, usually specifying the voyage pattern to Africa, the captains' monthly wages and commissions, and the chain of command should the captain and officers die on the voyage. Seasoning People "seasoned" to new climates, disease environments and work routines. Captains preferred to hire "seasoned sailors," those men with experience in the slave trade and who had survived the "seasoning period." Similarly, enslaved Africans who survived their first few years in the Americas were "seasoned" to the new disease environment and had learned work routines. Senegambia Slaving region defined as covering the African coastline and offshore islands north of Rio Nunez, a region today in Guinea, Guinea-Bissau, Gambia and Senegal. Seven Years' War (1756-1763) The Seven Years' War (1756-1763) was fought between all the major powers of Europe and transformed the colonial New World. The main victor, Britain, gained nearly all of France's possessions in both North America and the Caribbean. Britain held Spanish Havana temporarily, and transformed the island's history by shipping at least 5,000 enslaved Africans into the northern Cuba in 1762-63. Sierra Leone (region) Slaving region defined as covering the African coastline and offshore islands from Rio Nunez to just west of Cape Mount, a region today in Guinea, Sierra Leone and western Liberia. Europeans often included this stretch of coastline in their definition of the Windward Coast. Slave purchase Captains often purchased more slaves than they later transported from the African coast. In some cases, they transshipped slaves to auxiliary vessels; in other cases they re-landed slaves whom they believed would not survive the Middle Passage. Some captains advanced trading goods on credit to African merchants, receiving "pawns" (human collateral or "commercial hostages") in return. Captains redeemed pawns once slave deliveries were made. There was wide variability in length of time to complete a slave purchase--from several weeks to sometimes more than 18 months. Slave ship A sailing ship refitted for the slave trade, known also as a Guineaman. Most slaving ships were second-hand vessels that frequented other trades. Owners sought to purchase fast-sailing vessels and/or ones which could be retooled below the main deck to maximize the number of Africans who would be imprisoned. Slaver (under images) An image of a person in the slave trade. [check images] South America The landmass below the Isthmus of Panama, most lands falling below the equator. Brazil, the Guianas, Venezuela, Colombia and Rio de la Plata were major slave disembarkation regions. Southeast Africa Slaving region defined as the African coastline east of the Cape of Good Hope, including the island Madagascar and Zanzibar Island. Mozambique was the center of the southeast African slave trade. Spanish Central America After the conquest of the Aztec and Inca Empires in the sixteenth century, the Spanish consolidated their Central American rule from Mexico to Venezuela. The Spanish imported most enslaved Africans into Central America via Veracruz (Mexico) and Cartegena (Columbia). Many of these slaves were destined for the silver mines of central Mexico and to the region around Potosi, "The Silver Mountain," located today in Bolivia. St. Domingue Revolution In 1697, Spain ceded the western half of the island of Hispaniola to France in the Treaty of Ryswick. By the mid-1700s St. Domingue became the leading sugar, coffee and indigo producer in the Caribbean, due to the efforts of the colony's enslaved African workforce. A slave rebellion broke out in August 1791 and soon turned into a Revolution, leading to the freedom of 500,000 enslaved Africans and to the creation of the Republic of Haiti (1804). The St. Domingue Revolution prompted Africans elsewhere in the Americas to revolt against their enslavement, and the Revolution entrenched white planters' opposition to amelioration or abolition. Sugar During the era of the trans-Atlantic slave trade, cane sugar was the principle cash crop grown in the Plantation Americas. Sugar production techniques transferred from the Mediterranean to the Atlantic world, more specifically, in the mid-seventeenth century from the Portuguese island-colony Sao Tome to Portuguese Brazil. Four in five Africans shipped to the West Indies, between the 1620s-1860s, would have ended their lives on sugar plantations. Planting and growing sugar required large numbers of enslaved African workers working in the fields and in the sugar-production buildings. Africans forced to work in sugar production had lower life expectancies than those growing other crops. Tonnage/Standardised tonnage The amount of cargo a vessel is able to carry expressed in imperial tons. Slaving vessels were typically smaller in tonnage than their non-slaving counterparts, as they carried less cargo by weight. Trafficking The illegal or improper transport of slaves. Trafficking and smuggling of slaves existed throughout the legal and illegal periods of the slave trade. Traite des noirs Traite des noirs is the French term for their trans-Atlantic slave trade. Trans-Atlantic Trans-Atlantic refers to slaving voyages that sailed across the Atlantic Ocean from the Old World (Africa) to the New World (the Americas). The trans-Atlantic slave trade differs from the Old World slave trade, in which Portuguese vessels shipped enslaved Africans between African coastal locations, between the African coast and Atlantic islands such as Madeira, or between the African coast and Europe. Trans-Atlantic slave trade Term used to define the coerced migration of 12 million enslaved Africans from 1514 to 1866 across the Atlantic from the Old to New Worlds. Treaty of Ryswick (1697) The peace treaty ending the Nine Years' War (1688-1697) between France and the Grand Alliance (England, the Netherlands, Spain, Holy Roman Empire) signed in the Dutch town Ryswick. The treaty handed control of western Hispaniola (St. Domingue, later Haiti) to France. The colony would become the largest and most prosperous plantation colony in the Caribbean until the St. Domingue Revolution in 1791. Venture Slaving voyages are often described as "ventures," because as in any business one ventured one's capital. Vessel The sailing craft used to transport enslaved Africans to markets. For "ship" see Rig. Vice-Admiralty Court The Vice-Admiralty Court heard piracy and prize cases in overseas British possessions. The courts often were set up after the capture of large numbers of enemy vessels. After the capture of Martinique by the British, for instance, a Vice Admiralty court was set up on the island to hear the numerous prize cases. Voyage The trans-Atlantic journey between two or more ports, depending on the vantagepoint of the free or coerced traveler. Voyage dates Dates when slaving vessels departed from and arrived at markets in the Atlantic world. Dates of departure are generally the days on which vessels cleared customs, unless a muster roll (ship's crew list) survives to document days of sailing. Voyage itinerary The ports visited as part of a slaving voyage. Slaving captains received an itinerary from the shipowners prior to the voyage instructing them which ports to visit. Voyage length The amount of time taken to complete a slaving voyage. Due to the distances traveled, and the need to spend large amounts of time waiting to load cargo in ports, North Atlantic slaving vessels typically took 12-18 months to complete a voyage. Brazilian voyages to Africa and back required less time. Voyage outcome/outcome The downloadable database distinguishes voyage outcomes from the standpoint of the enslaved African, the ship's owner(s) and the captor(s). These are imputed variables. For the documented outcome of the voyage, see Fate. West Indies Islands in the Caribbean Sea. The area is named the West Indies because early European explorers believed they had located a westward passage to India, rather than a new hemisphere. West-Central Africa Slaving region defined as covering the coastline from Cape Lopez to the tip of South Africa, though Benguela, Angola, was the southernmost slaving port in Atlantic Africa. This coastline today includes lands in Gabon, Congo, Zaire and Angola. Often referred to by Europeans as "Angola." Windward Coast Slaving region defined as covering the African coastline from Cape Mount up to and including the Assini River, a region today in Liberia and the Ivory Coast. Europeans often referred to the African coastline west of the Gold Coast as the "Windward Coast." Windward Islands The islands Martinique, St. Lucia, St. Vincent, the Grenadines and Grenada in the southeast Caribbean. The islands are so named because they receive trade winds first; they are located to windward of the Leeward Islands and the Greater Antilles (Cuba, Jamaica, St. Domingue). The British and French developed the Windward Islands into lucrative plantation colonies and important victualing ports. Barbados is sometimes included in the Windward Islands. Women Adult female Africans sold into the trans-Atlantic slave trade. Generally, slaving traders classified "women" as taller than four feet four inches or older than 13-14 years of age. On most slaving vessels captains confined "women" to specific below-deck compartments towards the stern of the vessel. Women, often not shackled, occasionally broke into arms' chests, located in or near the captains' cabins and helped instigate insurrections.	cc/2019-30/en_head_0039.json.gz/line584
__label__cc	0.704106	0.295894	Archives Hub WithinNew Search English Stage Company/Royal Court Theatre ArchivePhotographsProduction photographsTop Girls, photographs by Catherine Ashmore Top Girls, photographs by Catherine Ashmore Archive Unit For more information, email the repository Advice on accessing these materials Cite this description Bookmark:https://archiveshub.jisc.ac.uk/data/gb71-thm/273/thm/273/6/1/528 This material is held at V&A Theatre and Performance Collections GB 71 THM/273/6/1/528 Dates of Creation 1 folder (27 items) Archive Record\|Table of contents English Stage Company/Royal Court Theatre ArchiveTHM/273 Company management recordsTHM/273/1 Financial recordsTHM/273/2 Legal recordsTHM/273/3 Artisitic management recordsTHM/273/4 Literary department recordsTHM/273/5 PhotographsTHM/273/6 Production photographsTHM/273/6/1 Abel's Sister, photographs and contact sheetsTHM/273/6/1/1 AC/DC, photographs and contact sheetsTHM/273/6/1/2 Action, photographs by Willoughby GullachsenTHM/273/6/1/4 Activists productions, part of the Royal Court Young People's Theatre, photographsTHM/273/6/1/5 Alive from Palestine, CD containing digital photographsTHM/273/6/1/657 All Things Nice, photographs and contact sheets by John HaynesTHM/273/6/1/6 Alpha Beta, photographs and contact sheets by John HaynesTHM/273/6/1/7 Altona, photographs and contact sheets by John TimbersTHM/273/6/1/8 L' Amante Anglaise, photographsTHM/273/6/1/9 Ambulance, photographsTHM/273/6/1/10 America Hurrah, photographsTHM/273/6/1/11 American Bagpipes, photograph, negatives, and slidesTHM/273/6/1/12 The American Dream, photographs and contact sheets by Sandra LousadaTHM/273/6/1/13 Amy and the Price of Cotton, photographsTHM/273/6/1/14 Anchorman, photographsTHM/273/6/1/15 An Empty Desk, photographs and contact sheets by John HaynesTHM/273/6/1/16 An' Me Wi' a Bad Leg Tae, photographTHM/273/6/1/17 Antigone, photographs and contact sheetsTHM/273/6/1/18 Apart From George, photographs by Michael MayhewTHM/273/6/1/19 The Apollo de Bellac, photographs by David SimTHM/273/6/1/20 Apples, photographs and contact sheets by John HaynesTHM/273/6/1/21 The Arbor, photographs by John HaynesTHM/273/6/1/22 Arden of Faversham, photographs and contact sheets by John Haynes and Donald CooperTHM/273/6/1/23 Ashes and Sand, photographsTHM/273/6/1/642 As Time Goes By, photographs by Roger Perry and Diane TammesTHM/273/6/1/24 The Astronomer's Garden, photographs and contact sheets by Paul ThompsonTHM/273/6/1/25 August For The People, photographs and contact sheets by Sandra LousadaTHM/273/6/1/26 Aunt Dan and Lemon, photographs by John HaynesTHM/273/6/1/27 Babies, photographs by Ivan KynclTHM/273/6/1/641 Backbone, photographsTHM/273/6/1/28 Barclays New Stages Festival 1991, photographsTHM/273/6/1/29 Barclays New Stages Festival 1992, photographs and slidesTHM/273/6/1/30 Barclays New Stages Festival 1993, slidesTHM/273/6/1/654 Barclays New Stages Festival, photographsTHM/273/6/1/650 Basin, photographs and contact sheetsTHM/273/6/1/32 Bazaar and Rummage, photographs and contact sheets by Catherine AshmoreTHM/273/6/1/33 The Bear, photographs and contact sheetsTHM/273/6/1/34 The Beard, photographs by John HaynesTHM/273/6/1/35 The Beauty Queen of Leenane, photographs by Amelia Stein and Ivan KynclTHM/273/6/1/36 The Beauty Queen of Leenane, photographs and contact sheetsTHM/273/6/1/624 The Beauty Queen of Leenane, photographs for revival tourTHM/273/6/1/625 A Bed of Roses, photographTHM/273/6/1/37 Bent, photographs by John HaynesTHM/273/6/1/38 Berlin Bertie, contact sheetsTHM/273/6/1/39 Beside Herself, contact sheets by Lesley McIntyreTHM/273/6/1/40 Big Wolf, photographs and contact sheets by Leslie Ellis and large photographs by John HaynesTHM/273/6/1/41 Billy's Last Stand, photographs and contact sheets by John HaynesTHM/273/6/1/42 Bingo, photographs and contact sheets by Douglas H. JefferyTHM/273/6/1/43 Bird Child, photographsTHM/273/6/1/44 Black Milk, negatives and colour transparenciesTHM/273/6/1/632 Black Slaves, White Chains, photographs by Donald CooperTHM/273/6/1/45 The Blacks, photographs and contact sheets by Sandra LousadaTHM/273/6/1/46 Blasted, contact sheets and negatives by Ivan KynclTHM/273/6/1/603 The Blood of the Bambergs, photographs by Sandra Lousada and Peter SmithTHM/273/6/1/47 Bloody Poetry, photographs and contact sheets by Sarah AnsleeTHM/273/6/1/48 Boesman and Lena, photographs and contact sheets by John HaynesTHM/273/6/1/49 Borderline, photographsTHM/273/6/1/50 Bows and Arrows, photographsTHM/273/6/1/51 Box and Cox, photographs and contact sheets by Sandra LousadaTHM/273/6/1/52 Breath, Boom, photographs, slides,THM/273/6/1/622 Brecht on Brecht, photographs and contact sheets by Sandra LousadaTHM/273/6/1/53 Bright Scene Fading, contact sheetsTHM/273/6/1/54 Built on Sand, photographsTHM/273/6/1/55 Buried Inside Extra, photographs and contact sheets by Martha SwopeTHM/273/6/1/56 Byrthrite, photographsTHM/273/6/1/57 CafÃÂ© La Mama season, advance publicity photographs of play not shown during the CafÃÂ© La Mama seasonTHM/273/6/1/58 La Calisto, photograph by Malcolm CrowthersTHM/273/6/1/59 Cancer, photographs and contact sheets by John HaynesTHM/273/6/1/60 Captain Oates' Left Sock, photographs and contact sheetsTHM/273/6/1/61 Cards of Identity, photographs by Julie HamiltonTHM/273/6/1/62 Care, photographs and contact sheetsTHM/273/6/1/63 Carnival War A Go Hot, photographs by John HaynesTHM/273/6/1/64 The Catch, photographs and contact sheets by John HaynesTHM/273/6/1/65 The Cavalcaders, photographsTHM/273/6/1/66 The Centaur, photographsTHM/273/6/1/67 The Chairs, photographs by David SimTHM/273/6/1/68 The Chairs, photographTHM/273/6/1/69 The Changeling, photographs by Sandra LousadaTHM/273/6/1/70 The Changing Room, photographs by John Haynes, including various foreign productionsTHM/273/6/1/71 A Chaste Maid in Cheapside, photographs and contact sheets by Patrick EagarTHM/273/6/1/72 Cheek, photographTHM/273/6/1/73 The Cherry Orchard, photographTHM/273/6/1/74 Chicken Soup with Barley, photograph of the set by Michael RichardsonTHM/273/6/1/75 Chicken Soup with Barley, photographs and contact sheets by Sandra Lousada, Roger Mayne, etc.THM/273/6/1/76 Chips with Everything, photographs and contact sheets by Sandra LousadaTHM/273/6/1/77 Chips with Everything, photographs by Sandra LousadaTHM/273/6/1/78 Christie in Love, photographsTHM/273/6/1/79 Cinders, photograph by John HaynesTHM/273/6/1/80 Cinque/Rats Mass, contact sheetsTHM/273/6/1/81 The City, photographs and slidesTHM/273/6/1/82 Class, photographs and contact sheetsTHM/273/6/1/648 Class Enemy, photographs and contact sheets by John HaynesTHM/273/6/1/83 Cleansed, photograph and contact sheets by Ivan KynclTHM/273/6/1/616 Cloud Nine,THM/273/6/1/84 Cloud Nine, photographs by John HaynesTHM/273/6/1/85 Clowning, photographs by Roger Mayne, Michael Sullivan, John Haynes and Geoff ShieldsTHM/263/6/1/86 Cob and Leach, photographs and contact sheetsTHM/273/6/1/87 Cock-a-Doodle Dandy, photographs by Guy GravettTHM/273/6/1/88 A Colder Climate, photographsTHM/273/6/1/89 A Collier's Friday Night, photographs and contact sheets by Douglas H. JefferyTHM/273/6/1/90 The Colored Museum, photographs by Sharon Kean and Martha SwopeTHM/273/6/1/91 Colquohoun and Macbryde, contact sheetsTHM/273/6/1/92 Come Together Festival, photographs and contact sheetsTHM/273/6/1/93 Conquest of the South Pole, photographs by Sean Hudson and Ralph HodgsonTHM/273/6/1/94 The Contractor, photographsTHM/273/6/1/95 Conversations in Exile, photographsTHM/273/6/1/96 Corunna!, photographs and contact sheetsTHM/273/6/1/97 The Country Wife, photographs by Angus McBeanTHM/273/6/1/98 Crave, photographs, negatives, contact sheets and slides by Ivan KynclTHM/273/6/1/614 Crazyblackmuthafuckin'self, slides and negativesTHM/273/6/1/629 The Cresta Run, photographs and contact sheets by John HaynesTHM/273/6/1/99 Crete and Sergeant Pepper, photographs by Leslie EmmsTHM/273/6/1/100 Cries From The Mammal House, photographsTHM/273/6/1/101 Cromwell, photographs of stage designs and contact sheets of production by John HaynesTHM/273/6/1/102 The Crucible, photographs and contact sheets by Julie Hamilton and Houston RogersTHM/273/6/1/103 The Cry of the People for Meat, photographs and contact sheets by Michael Sullivan, Richard Bellak and Morris NewcombeTHM/273/6/1/104 A Cry With Sewn Lips, photographsTHM/273/6/1/105 Cuckoo in the Nest, photographs by ZoÃÂ« DominicTHM/273/6/1/106 Curse of the Starving Class, photographs by John Haynes and John SturrockTHM/273/6/1/107 The Daughter-In-Law, photographs by Douglas H. JefferyTHM/273/6/1/108 The Daughter-In-Law, photographs by Douglas H. Jeffery and Keystone PressTHM/273/6/1/109 Day of the Prince, photographs by Roger Mayne and Peter SmithTHM/273/6/1/110 Dear Janet Rosenburg, Dear Mr Kooning, contact sheet by John HaynesTHM/273/6/1/111 Death and the Maiden, contact sheetsTHM/273/6/1/112 The Death of Bessie Smith, photographs, contact sheets, and mounted photographs by Terence Le Goubin, Barratt's Photo Press Ltd, Sandra Lousada, Friedman-Abeles and Douglas H. JefferyTHM/273/6/1/114 The Death of Ruggiero of the White Eagle, photographs by Studio Fotografica, ScafidiTHM/273/6/1/115 The Death of Satan, photograph by Keystone Press AgencyTHM/273/6/1/116 The Devil's Gateway, photographs and contact sheets by Lesley McIntyreTHM/273/6/1/117 Devil's Island, photographs by John Haynes and Andrew WiardTHM/273/6/1/118 The Diary of a Madman, photographs and contact sheets by Peter Smith, Terence Le Goubin, Central Press Photos Ltd and Zoe DominicTHM/273/6/1/119 Dingo, photographs by Douglas H. Jeffery, The Press Association Ltd, John Haynes and Michael H. EvansTHM/273/6/1/120 Disappeared, photographTHM/273/6/1/121 Doing the Business, part of May days, photographs by Mark DouetTHM/273/6/1/122 Don Juan, photographs by Tony Armstrong JonesTHM/273/6/1/123 Don's Party, photographs by Roger Morton and Nobby Clark, including photographs of Australian productionTHM/273/6/1/124 Don Quixote, photographs of the Theatre Marcinek, Poland production by Krzysztof Deszczynski and Ptacek JosefTHM/273/6/1/125 The Doomducker's Ball, photographs by Gerald MurrayTHM/273/6/1/126 Double Cross, photographs by Pacemaker Press Intl. Ltd and John Haynes, including research photographsTHM/273/6/1/127 The Double Dealer, photographsTHM/273/6/1/128 Downfall, photographs by John HaynesTHM/273/6/1/129 Dracula, photographs by Alexander AgorTHM/273/6/1/130 The Dragon, photographs and contact sheets by Douglas H. JefferyTHM/273/6/1/131 Dreaming Guns, photographsTHM/273/6/1/640 Dreams of Mrs Fraser, photographsTHM/273/6/1/132 Dublin Carol, photographs, negatives, and contact sheets by Ivan KynclTHM/273/6/1/623 Dublin City Workshop, photographsTHM/273/6/1/133 The Duchess of Malfi, photographs by John Haynes and Alex AgorTHM/273/6/1/134 The Dumb Waiter, photographs by Helen CraigTHM/273/6/1/135 Dutch Hope, photographs by Kors van Bennekorn fotograafTHM/273/6/1/136 Early Morning, photographs and contact sheets by Douglas H. JefferyTHM/273/6/1/137 Early Morning, photographs by Douglas H. JefferyTHM/273/6/1/138 East is East, photographTHM/273/6/1/139 Echoes From a Concrete Canyon, photographs and contact sheets by John HaynesTHM/273/6/1/140 Eclipse, photographs by John Haynes, John Vickers, Thames Television and Andrew WiardTHM/273/6/1/141 The Editing Process, photographs and contact sheets by Ivan KynclTHM/273/6/1/635 Edmond, photographsTHM/273/6/1/142 The Emperor, photographs by Sharon KeanTHM/273/6/1/143 Endgame, photographs by David SimTHM/273/6/1/144 Endgame, photographs and contact sheets by John HaynesTHM/273/6/1/145 England's Ireland, photographs by Christopher DaviesTHM/273/6/1/146 The Enoch Show, photographsTHM/273/6/1/651 The Entertainer, photographs by Snowdon, Tony Armstrong Jones, Associated Newspapers Ltd, Keystone Press Agency and Sunday DispatchTHM/273/6/1/147 Entertaining Mr Sloane, photographs by John Haynes, Lewis Morley (Wyndham's), Chris Davies and Nobby ClarkTHM/273/6/1/148 Epitaph for George Dillon, photographs by David Sim and Brain Worth, including signing outside the Royal CourtTHM/273/6/1/149 The Erpingham Camp, photograph and contact sheetsTHM/273/6/1/150 Esme and Shaz, photographs and contact sheetsTHM/273/6/1/636 Etta Jenks, photographs and contact sheets by John HaynesTHM/273/6/1/151 Exit the King, photographs by Sandra LousadaTHM/273/6/1/152 Eye Winker, Tom Tinker, photographsTHM/273/6/1/153 Face to the Wall, slides and negativesTHM/273/6/1/631 Fair Slaughter, photographs by John HaynesTHM/273/6/1/154 Faith Healer, photographs and contact sheets by John Haynes and Zoe Dominic, 1981THM/273/6/1/155 Faith Healer, photographs by Mark Douet, 1992THM/273/6/1/156 Falkland Sound and Voces De Malivinas, photographs by John Haynes (1983) and Mark Douet (1990)THM/273/6/1/157 Famine, contact sheets by Donald CooperTHM/273/6/1/158 Far Away, photograph and slideTHM/273/6/1/619 The Farm, photographsTHM/273/6/1/159 Fen, photographs and contact sheets by Lesley McIntyre, Martha Swope and John HaynesTHM/273/6/1/160 The Fever, photographs by Susan Shacter, Martha Swope and the National Theatre Press OfficeTHM/273/6/1/161 Ficky Stingers, photographs by John HaynesTHM/273/6/1/162 Fill The Stage With Happy Hours, photographs and contact sheets by Douglas H. JefferyTHM/273/6/1/163 Fin De Partie, photographs by The Times, David Sim and the Daily ExpressTHM/273/6/1/164 The Fire Raisers, photographs by Sandra Lousada and Planet News LtdTHM/273/6/1/165 Fires in the Mirror, photographs and contact sheetsTHM/273/6/1/166 Fitness Wins, photographTHM/273/6/1/167 Flesh To A Tiger, photographsTHM/273/6/1/168 Flying Blind, photographsTHM/273/6/1/169 The Fool, photographsTHM/273/6/1/170 Footfalls, photographsTHM/273/6/1/171 For The West, photographsTHM/273/6/1/172 4.48 Psychosis, slides and colour transparencies by Ivan KynclTHM/273/6/1/620 Four Hundred Pounds, photographsTHM/273/6/1/173 Four In A Million, photographsTHM/273/6/1/174 The Foursome, photographsTHM/273/6/1/175 Fourth Day Like Four Long Months Of Absence, photographsTHM/273/6/1/176 Frank Pig Says Hello, photographsTHM/273/6/1/177 The Freedom of the City, photographsTHM/273/6/1/178 Fucking Games, contact sheets, slides and negatives by Ivan KynclTHM/273/6/1/610 Full Frontal, photographsTHM/273/6/1/179 A Game Called Arthur, photographsTHM/273/6/1/180 The Genius, photographsTHM/273/6/1/181 The Gentle Avalanche, photographsTHM/273/6/1/182 Geography of a Horse Dreamer, photographsTHM/273/6/1/183 George Devine Awards , photographsTHM/273/6/1/184 Getting Attention, photographsTHM/273/6/1/185 Gibraltar Strait, photographsTHM/273/6/1/186 Gimme Shelter, photographsTHM/273/6/1/187 The Ginger Man, photographsTHM/273/6/1/188 A Girl Skipping, photographsTHM/273/6/1/189 The Glad Hand, photographsTHM/273/6/1/190 Glasshouses, photographsTHM/273/6/1/191 God's Second In Command, photographsTHM/273/6/1/192 Gogol, photographsTHM/273/6/1/193 Gone, photographsTHM/273/6/1/194 The Good Woman of Setzuan, photographsTHM/273/6/1/195 The Gorky Brigade, photographsTHM/273/6/1/197 The Grace of Mary Traverse, photographsTHM/273/6/1/198 The Grass Widow, photographsTHM/273/6/1/199 The Great Caper, photographsTHM/273/6/1/200 Greenland, photographsTHM/273/6/1/201 The Guise, photographsTHM/273/6/1/202 Hamlet, photographsTHM/273/6/1/203 Hammett's Apprentice, photographs and contact sheetsTHM/273/6/1/204 Happy Days, photographsTHM/273/6/1/205 Happy End, photographsTHM/273/6/1/207 The Happy Haven, photographsTHM/273/6/1/208 Hard Fruit, slides and colour transparenciesTHM/273/6/1/621 Hard Knocks, photographsTHM/273/6/1/209 Harry and Me, photographsTHM/273/6/1/210 Hated Nightfall, photographs, contact sheets and negatives by Stephen VaughanTHM/273/6/1/643 Heaven and Hell, photographsTHM/273/6/1/211 Hedda Gabler, photographsTHM/273/6/1/212 Hell's Angels, photographsTHM/273/6/1/213 Heroes, photographsTHM/273/6/1/214 Hinge and Bracket, photographsTHM/273/6/1/215 The Hitch-Hiker, photographsTHM/273/6/1/216 Hitler Dances, photographsTHM/273/6/1/217 The Hole, photographsTHM/273/6/1/218 Homage to Bean Soup, photographsTHM/273/6/1/219 Home, photographsTHM/273/6/1/220 An Honourable Trade, photographsTHM/273/6/1/221 The Hotel In Amsterdam, photographsTHM/273/6/1/222 The Houses By The Green, photographsTHM/273/6/1/223 Humphrey, Armand and the Artichoke, photographsTHM/273/6/1/224 Hush, photographs and contact sheets by John HaynesTHM/273/6/1/225 Hysteria, contact sheetsTHM/273/6/1/226 I Can Give You A Good Time, photographsTHM/273/6/1/227 Icecream, photographsTHM/273/6/1/228 I Just Stopped By To See The Man, slides and colour transparenciesTHM/273/6/1/617 I Made It Ma-Top of The World, photographsTHM/273/6/1/229 Improv M.D., photographsTHM/273/6/1/230 I'm Talking About Jerusalem, photographsTHM/273/6/1/231 Inadmissible Evidence, photographsTHM/273/6/1/232 In Celebration, photographsTHM/273/6/1/234 InÃÂ©dits Ionesco, photographs by Bernand, 1970THM/273/6/1/235 Insideout, photographsTHM/273/6/1/236 Insignificance, photographsTHM/273/6/1/237 In The Blood, photographsTHM/273/6/1/238 In The Ruins, photographsTHM/273/6/1/239 Inventing A New Colour, photographsTHM/273/6/1/240 Iranian Nights, photographsTHM/273/6/1/241 Irish Eyes and English Tears, photographsTHM/273/6/1/242 The Island, photographsTHM/273/6/1/243 I Was Sitting On My Patio This Guy Appeared I Thought I Was Hallucinating, photographsTHM/273/6/1/244 Jackie The Jumper, photographsTHM/273/6/1/245 Jacques, photographsTHM/273/6/1/246 A Jamaican Airman Foresees His Death, contact sheets by Ralph Hodgson, 1991THM/273/6/1/247 Jenkin's Ear, photographsTHM/273/6/1/248 Judgement, photographsTHM/273/6/1/249 Julius Caesar, photographsTHM/273/6/1/250 Just a Little Bit Less than Normal, photographsTHM/273/6/1/251 Kafka's Dick, photographsTHM/273/6/1/252 The Keep, photographsTHM/273/6/1/253 Keeping Body and Soul Together, photographsTHM/273/6/1/254 Kelly's Eye, photographsTHM/273/6/1/255 Ken Campbell Road Show, photographsTHM/273/6/1/256 The Key Tag, photographsTHM/273/6/1/257 Killers, photographsTHM/273/6/1/258 Killing the Cat, photographsTHM/273/6/1/259 King Lear, contact sheets and printsTHM/273/6/1/261 The Kitchen, photographsTHM/273/6/1/262 The Knack, photographsTHM/273/6/1/264 The Knocky, photographsTHM/273/6/1/266 Krapp's Last Tape, photographs of designs by Jocelyn HerbertTHM/273/6/1/267 Krapp's Last Tape, photographsTHM/273/6/1/268 Land of the Living, photographs and contact sheetsTHM/273/6/1/269 Last Supper, photographsTHM/273/6/1/270 Laughter, photographsTHM/273/6/1/271 D. H. Lawrence Festival , Feb-Mar 1968THM/273/6/1/272 Lay-by, photographsTHM/273/6/1/273 Lear, photographsTHM/273/6/1/274 The Leenane Trilogy, photographs and contact sheetsTHM/273/6/1/275 The Lesson, photographsTHM/273/6/1/276 The Libertine, photographs and contact sheetsTHM/273/6/1/615 The Liberty Suit, photographsTHM/273/6/1/277 A Lie of the Mind, photographsTHM/273/6/1/278 Life Class, photographsTHM/273/6/1/279 Life Price, photographsTHM/273/6/1/280 Light Shining in Buckinghamshire, photographsTHM/273/6/1/281 The Lily White Boys, photographsTHM/273/6/1/282 The Lion and the Jewel, photographsTHM/273/6/1/283 The Lion in Love, photographsTHM/273/6/1/284 Little Tiger, photographsTHM/273/6/1/285 Live Like Pigs, photographsTHM/273/6/1/286 Live Like Pigs, photographs and contact sheets by Ivan KynclTHM/273/6/1/287 The London Cuckolds, photographsTHM/273/6/1/288 London Sinfonietta, photographsTHM/273/6/1/289 The Long and The Short and The Tall, photographsTHM/273/6/1/290 Look After Lulu, photographsTHM/273/6/1/291 Look Back In Anger, photographsTHM/273/6/1/292 Loot, photographsTHM/273/6/1/295 Lord Nelson Lives in Liverpool 8, photographsTHM/273/6/1/296 Loud Reports, photographsTHM/273/6/1/297 Love of a Good Man, photographsTHM/273/6/1/298 The Lovers of Viorne, photographsTHM/273/6/1/299 The Lucky Chance, photographsTHM/273/6/1/300 Lulu, photographsTHM/273/6/1/301 Luther, photographsTHM/273/6/1/302 Lysistrata, photographsTHM/273/6/1/303 Macbeth, photographsTHM/273/6/1/304 Mad Forest, photographsTHM/273/6/1/305 Magnificence, photographsTHM/273/6/1/306 Major Barbara, photographsTHM/273/6/1/307 The Making of Moo, photographsTHM/273/6/1/308 The Man of Mode, photographsTHM/273/6/1/656 Man is Man, photographsTHM/273/6/1/309 Man to Man, photographsTHM/273/6/1/311 A Man with Connections, photographs and slideTHM/273/6/1/312 Marching for Fausa, photographs and contact sheetsTHM/273/6/1/313 Marie and Bruce, photographsTHM/273/6/1/314 Marya, photographsTHM/273/6/1/315 Mary Barnes, photographsTHM/273/6/1/316 Masterpieces, photographsTHM/273/6/1/317 May Days, photographsTHM/273/6/1/318 Meals on Wheels, photographsTHM/273/6/1/319 Medoonak the Storm Maker, photographsTHM/273/6/1/320 The Member of the Wedding, photographsTHM/273/6/1/321 The Merry Go Round, photographsTHM/273/6/1/322 A Midsummer Night's Dream, photographsTHM/273/6/1/323 Miniatures, photographsTHM/273/6/1/324 Misalliance, photographsTHM/273/6/1/325 Mojo, photographs by Ivan KynclTHM/273/6/1/326 Mojo, photographs and contact sheetsTHM/273/6/1/647 Money to Live, photographsTHM/273/6/1/327 The Monkey King, photographsTHM/273/6/1/328 Monsieur Blaise, photographsTHM/273/6/1/329 Morality, photographsTHM/273/6/1/330 Mother Arms, photographsTHM/273/6/1/331 Mother's Day, photographsTHM/273/6/1/332 Mountain Language and Ashes to Ashes, slides and negativesTHM/273/6/1/604 Mouth to Mouth, negatives by Ivan KynclTHM/273/6/1/605 A Mouthful of Birds, photographsTHM/273/6/1/333 Moving Clocks Go Slow, photographsTHM/273/6/1/334 Mr Kolpert, photographs by John HaynesTHM/273/6/1/601 Mrs Grabowski's Academy, photographsTHM/273/6/1/335 The Mulberry Bush, photographsTHM/273/6/1/336 My Dinner with Andre, photographsTHM/273/6/1/337 My Heart's a Suitcase, photographs and contact sheetsTHM/273/6/1/338 My Life in the Bush of Ghosts, photographsTHM/273/6/1/639 My Mother Said I Never Should, photographsTHM/273/6/1/339 My Night with Reg, contact sheets and slidesTHM/273/6/1/340 My Zinc Bed, photographs by David Hare and Daniel SmithTHM/273/6/1/602 Naked, photographsTHM/273/6/1/341 The Naming of Murderer's Rock, photographsTHM/273/6/1/342 Narrow Road to the Deep North, photographsTHM/273/6/1/343 Nekrassov, photographsTHM/273/6/1/344 Never Land, photographsTHM/273/6/1/345 The New World Order, photographTHM/273/6/1/346 Night After Night, photographs and slideTHM/273/6/1/347 Nightingale and Chase, photographs, contact sheets, slides and negatives by John HaynesTHM/273/6/1/600 No End of Blame, photographsTHM/273/6/1/348 No One was Saved, photographsTHM/273/6/1/349 No One Sees the Video, photographsTHM/273/6/1/350 The Normal Heart, photographsTHM/273/6/1/351 Not a Game for Boys, contact sheetsTHM/273/6/1/352 Not I, photographsTHM/273/6/1/353 Not Quite Jerusalem, photographsTHM/273/6/1/354 Objections to Sex and Violence, photographsTHM/273/6/1/355 Ogodiveleftthegason, photographsTHM/273/6/1/356 Oh! Les Beaux Jour, photographsTHM/273/6/1/357 Oi For England, photographsTHM/273/6/1/358 The Old Neighbourhood, photographs and contact sheetsTHM/273/6/1/646 The Old Ones, photographsTHM/273/6/1/359 Oleanna, photographs, contact sheets, and slidesTHM/273/6/1/360 Once a Catholic, photographsTHM/273/6/1/361 One at Night, photographsTHM/273/6/1/362 One Way Pendulum, photographsTHM/273/6/1/363 The Only Way Out, photographsTHM/273/6/1/364 On Top, photographsTHM/273/6/1/365 Opera Factory, photographsTHM/273/6/1/366 Operation Bad Apple, photographsTHM/273/6/1/367 Orpheus Descending, photographsTHM/273/6/1/368 Orton Festival, photographsTHM/273/6/1/369 Other Worlds, photographsTHM/273/6/1/370 Our Country's Good, photographsTHM/273/6/1/371 Our Country's Good and The Recruiting Officer on tour, photographs and transparenciesTHM/273/6/1/652 Ourselves Alone, photographsTHM/273/6/1/372 Out of our Heads, photographsTHM/273/6/1/373 Out of the Ordinary, photographTHM/273/6/1/374 Over Gardens Out, photographsTHM/273/6/1/375 The Overgrown Path, photographsTHM/273/6/1/376 Owners, photographsTHM/273/6/1/377 Outside of Heaven, photographs and contact sheets by Sheila BurnettTHM/273/6/1/644 A Pagan Place, photographsTHM/273/6/1/378 Pale Horse, photographsTHM/273/6/1/379 Panic, photographsTHM/273/6/1/380 The Paperbag Players, photographsTHM/273/6/1/381 Paradise, photographsTHM/273/6/1/382 Parcel Post, photographs and negativesTHM/273/6/1/383 Patagonia, photographs by Alastair MuirTHM/273/6/1/597 A Patriot for Me, photographsTHM/273/6/1/384 Peacock Park, photographsTHM/273/6/1/385 People Show, photographsTHM/273/6/1/386 People Show No. 84, photographsTHM/273/6/1/387 The Performing Giant, photographsTHM/273/6/1/388 Period of Adjustment, photographsTHM/273/6/1/389 The Philanthropist, photographsTHM/273/6/1/390 Pit, photographsTHM/273/6/1/391 The Plague Year, photographsTHM/273/6/1/392 Plasticine, negatives and colour transparenciesTHM/273/6/1/633 Platonov, photographsTHM/273/6/1/393 Play, photographsTHM/273/6/1/394 Play Mas, photographsTHM/273/6/1/395 Playpen, photographsTHM/273/6/1/396 Plays for England, photographsTHM/273/6/1/397 Please Shine Down On Me, photographsTHM/273/6/1/398 The Pleasure Principle, photographsTHM/273/6/1/399 The Pope's Wedding, photographsTHM/273/6/1/400 The Porter's Play, photographsTHM/273/6/1/401 Prairie du Chien photographsTHM/273/6/1/402 Prayer for My Daughter, photographsTHM/273/6/1/403 Pretty Boy, photographsTHM/273/6/1/404 The Private Prosecutor, photographsTHM/273/6/1/405 Psy-warriors, photographsTHM/273/6/1/406 Push Up, slides, negatives and contact sheetsTHM/273/6/1/634 Pygmies in the Ruins, photographs and contact sheetsTHM/273/6/1/407 Rafts and Dreams, photographsTHM/273/6/1/408 Rat in the Skull, photographsTHM/273/6/1/409 The Recruiting Officer, photographsTHM/273/6/1/410 Reggae Britannia, photographsTHM/273/6/1/411 Remember the Truth Dentist, photographsTHM/273/6/1/412 The Removalists, photographsTHM/273/6/1/413 Requiem for a Nun, photographsTHM/273/6/1/414 A Resounding Tinkle, photographsTHM/273/6/1/415 Restoration, photographsTHM/273/6/1/416 The Restoration of Arnold Middleton, photographsTHM/273/6/1/417 Return to My Native Land, photographsTHM/273/6/1/418 Rhinoceros, photographsTHM/273/6/1/419 Richard's Cork Leg, photographs by John HayesTHM/273/6/1/420 Ripen our Darkness, photographs by John HaynesTHM/273/6/1/421 Rita, Sue and Bob Too, photographsTHM/273/6/1/422 Road, photographsTHM/273/6/1/423 A Rock in Water, photographsTHM/273/6/1/426 The Rocky Horror Show, photographsTHM/273/6/1/428 The Room, photographsTHM/273/6/1/429 Roots, photographsTHM/273/6/1/431 Rosmersholm, photographsTHM/273/6/1/434 Royal Borough, photographsTHM/273/6/1/435 The Ruffian on the Stair, photographsTHM/273/6/1/436 Rum 'an' Coca-Cola, photographsTHM/273/6/1/437 Runaway, photographsTHM/273/6/1/438 Sacred Heart, photographs, slides, and contact sheetsTHM/273/6/1/626 Salonika, photographsTHM/273/6/1/439 St Joan of the Stockyards, photographsTHM/273/6/1/440 Sam Molcho, photographsTHM/273/6/1/441 Savages, photographsTHM/273/6/1/442 Saved, photographsTHM/273/6/1/443 Saved, photographs, tourTHM/273/6/1/444 Says I, Says He, photographsTHM/273/6/1/446 The Sea, photographsTHM/273/6/1/447 The Sea Anchor, photographsTHM/273/6/1/448 The Seagull, photographsTHM/273/6/1/449 Search and Destroy, photographs and contact sheetsTHM/273/6/1/451 Seduced, photographsTHM/273/6/1/452 A Sense of Detachment, photographsTHM/273/6/1/453 Serjeant Musgrave's Dance, photographs by SnowdonTHM/273/6/1/454 Serjeant Musgrave's Dance, photographs by DominicTHM/273/6/1/455 Sergeant Ola and his Followers, photographs by David LanTHM/273/6/1/456 Serious Money, photographsTHM/273/6/1/457 Seven Lears, photographsTHM/273/6/1/459 Sex and Kinship in a Savage Society, photographsTHM/273/6/1/460 The Shawl, photographsTHM/273/6/1/461 Shelley, photographsTHM/273/6/1/462 Shirley, photographsTHM/273/6/1/463 Shivvers , photographs by Peggy LederTHM/273/6/1/464 Short Sharp Shock, photographsTHM/273/6/1/465 Short Sleeves in a Summer, photographs by John HaynesTHM/273/6/1/466 Simpatico, contact sheetsTHM/273/6/1/467 Six Degrees of Separation, photographs, slides and contact sheetsTHM/273/6/1/468 Six in the Rain and Sea at Dauphin, photographsTHM/273/6/1/469 Sizwe Bansi is Dead, photographsTHM/273/6/1/471 Skoolplay, photographsTHM/273/6/1/473 Skyvers, photographsTHM/273/6/1/474 The Slab Boys Trilogy, photographsTHM/273/6/1/476 Slag, photographsTHM/273/6/1/477 Slave Ship, photographs by Deidi von Schaewen and Bert Andrews, 1974THM/273/6/1/478 Sleak!, photographsTHM/273/6/1/479 Sleepers' Den, photographs by Douglas JeffreyTHM/273/6/1/480 Sleeping Nightie, photographs by Paul ThomsonTHM/273/6/1/481 The Sleeping Policeman, photographsTHM/273/6/1/482 Sliding with Suzanne, photographs and slides by John HaynesTHM/273/6/1/606 Small Change, photographs by Zoe DominicTHM/273/6/1/483 The Smell of Fantasy, photographsTHM/273/6/1/484 The Soldier's Fortune, photographs by Zoe DominicTHM/273/6/1/485 Some Singing Blood, photographsTHM/273/6/1/486 Sore Throats, photographs by John Haynes, Sarah Ainslie, Sheila BurnettTHM/273/6/1/487 Spinning into Butter, negatives by Ivan KynclTHM/273/6/1/609 Spirit, slidesTHM/273/6/1/607 The Sponge Room, photographs by Sandra LousadaTHM/273/6/1/488 Spoon River, photographsTHM/273/6/1/489 The Sport of my Mad Mother, photographsTHM/273/6/1/490 Spring Awakening, photographsTHM/273/6/1/492 Spunk, photographs and slides by Stephen Vaughan and Martha SwopeTHM/273/6/1/493 Squat Betty, photographs by Sandra LousadaTHM/273/6/1/494 Statements After an Arrest Under the Immorality Act, photographs by John HaynesTHM/273/6/1/495 The Steward of Christendom, photographsTHM/273/6/1/612 The Strip, colour transparenciesTHM/273/6/1/496 Stripwell, photographsTHM/273/6/1/497 Submariners, photographs by John HaynesTHM/273/6/1/498 Sudlow's Dawn, contact sheetsTHM/273/6/1/499 Sugar and Spice, photographs by John HaynesTHM/273/6/1/500 Sugar in the Morning, photographs by David SimTHM/273/6/1/501 Sus, photographsTHM/273/6/1/503 Susan's Breasts, photographsTHM/273/6/1/504 Sweet Talk, photographsTHM/273/6/1/505 Talbot's Box, photographsTHM/273/6/1/506 Talking in Tongues, photographsTHM/273/6/1/507 Teeth 'n' Smiles, photographsTHM/273/6/1/508 The Terrible Voice of Satan, photographs and contact sheets by Ivan KynclTHM/273/6/1/509 Terrorism, contact sheets and negatives by Ivan KynclTHM/273/6/1/608 That Time, photographs by John HaynesTHM/273/6/1/510 Theatre Machine, photographsTHM/273/6/1/511 Their Very Own and Golden City, photographs by Zoe Dominic and Patrick EagerTHM/273/6/1/512 This Story of Yours, photographsTHM/273/6/1/513 Three Birds Alighting on a Field, photographs, slides and contact sheet, by Mark DouetTHM/273/6/1/514 Three Men for Colverton, photographsTHM/273/6/1/515 Three Months Gone, photographsTHM/273/6/1/516 Three More Sleepless Nights, photographs by Nobby ClarkTHM/273/6/1/517 The Three Musketeers Ride Again, photographs by Morris NewcombeTHM/273/6/1/518 The Three Sisters, photographs by Douglas JeffreyTHM/273/6/1/519 The Three Sisters, photographsTHM/273/6/1/520 Thump/Sad, photographsTHM/273/6/1/521 Thyestes, photographs by Mark DouetTHM/273/6/1/522 Tibetan Inroads, photographs by John HaynesTHM/273/6/1/523 Time Present, photographsTHM/273/6/1/524 To Come Home To This, photographsTHM/273/6/1/525 Tom and Viv, photographs by John Haynes and Lesley McIntyreTHM/273/6/1/526 Tooth of Crime, photographs by Mick RockTHM/273/6/1/527 Top Girls, photographs by Catherine AshmoreTHM/273/6/1/528 Top Girls, photographsTHM/273/6/1/598 Total Eclipse, photographs by Douglas JefferyTHM/273/6/1/529 Touch and Go, photographsTHM/273/6/1/530 Touched, photographs by John HaynesTHM/273/6/1/531 Town and Country, photographs by Chris NashTHM/273/6/1/599 Tracers, photographs by John HaynesTHM/273/6/1/532 Transcending, photographsTHM/273/6/1/533 Traps, photographs by John HaynesTHM/273/6/1/534 The Treatment, photographs and contact sheetsTHM/273/6/1/535 Treats, photographs by John HaynesTHM/273/6/1/536 Trees in the Wind, photographsTHM/273/6/1/537 The Trembling Giant, photographsTHM/273/6/1/538 The Trickster, photographsTHM/273/6/1/539 Trixie and Baba, photographs by Douglas JefferyTHM/273/6/1/540 Trust, photographs and slidesTHM/273/6/1/628 'Tufff', photographs by John HaynesTHM/273/6/1/541 La Turista, photographsTHM/273/6/1/542 Twelfth Night, photographs by Morris NewcombeTHM/273/6/1/543 2 Samuel 11, photographs by John HaynesTHM/273/6/1/544 T-zee, photographs by Mick RockTHM/273/6/1/545 Ubu, photographsTHM/273/6/1/546 Ubu Roi, photographs by Zoe DominicTHM/273/6/1/547 Uganda, photographs and contact sheetsTHM/273/6/1/611 Uhlanga, photographs by John HaynesTHM/273/6/1/548 Uncle Vanya, photographs by Zoe DominicTHM/273/6/1/549 Under Plain Cover, photographs by Sandra LousadaTHM/273/6/1/550 Under the Whaleback, contact sheetsTHM/273/6/1/630 Unity, photographs by John HaynesTHM/273/6/1/551 The Unseen Hand, photographsTHM/273/6/1/552 Up to the Sun and Down to the Centre, photographsTHM/273/6/1/553 Valley Song, slides and photographsTHM/273/6/1/554 Veterans, photographsTHM/273/6/1/555 Via Dolorosa, photographs and contact sheetsTHM/273/6/1/627 A Victorian Music Hall, photographs by John HaynesTHM/273/6/1/556 Victory, photographsTHM/273/6/1/557 A View to the Common, photographsTHM/273/6/1/558 The Voysey Inheritance, photographs by Lewis MorleyTHM/273/6/1/559 The Wabenaki, photographsTHM/273/6/1/560 Waiting for Godot, photographs by Zoe DominicTHM/273/6/1/561 Waiting for Godot, photographsTHM/273/6/1/562 Waiting Room Germany, photographs by Henrietta ButlerTHM/273/6/1/563 Was He Anyone?, photographs by John HaynesTHM/273/6/1/564 The Watergate Tapes, photographsTHM/273/6/1/565 The Way to Go Home, photographs by Mel JamesTHM/273/6/1/566 Welcome Home, photographsTHM/273/6/1/567 Weldon Rising, contact sheetsTHM/273/6/1/568 West of Suez, photographsTHM/273/6/1/569 What the Butler Saw, photographs by John HaynesTHM/273/6/1/570 Wheelchair Willie, photographs by John HaynesTHM/273/6/1/571 When Did You Last See My Mother?, photographsTHM/273/6/1/572 A Whistle in the Dark, photographs and contact sheetsTHM/273/6/1/573 Wholesome Glory, photographs by John HaynesTHM/273/6/1/574 A Wholly Healthy Glasgow, photographs and contact sheets by Sean Hudson, Kevin Cummins and Sarah AinslieTHM/273/6/1/575 Who's Who of Flapland, photographsTHM/273/6/1/576 Widowers' Houses, photographs and contact sheets by Donald CooperTHM/273/6/1/577 The Widowing of Mrs Holroyd, photographs by Douglas JeffreyTHM/273/6/1/578 William, photographsTHM/273/6/1/579 The Winter Dancers, photographs by John HaynesTHM/273/6/1/580 Within Two Shadows, photographsTHM/273/6/1/581 The Woman Who Cooked Her Husband, photographsTHM/273/6/1/582 Women and Sisters, photographs by John HaynesTHM/273/6/1/583 Women Beware Women, photographs by John HaynesTHM/273/6/1/584 Women Laughing, photographs by John HaynesTHM/273/6/1/645 The Worlds, photographsTHM/273/6/1/585 X, photographs by John HaynesTHM/273/6/1/586 Yesterday's News, photographs by John HaynesTHM/273/6/1/587 You in Your Small Corner, photographsTHM/273/6/1/588 Young People's Theatre, photographsTHM/273/6/1/638 Young Writers Festival, photographsTHM/273/6/1/589 Young Writers' Festival, photographs by John HaynesTHM/273/6/1/590 Young Writers' Festival, photographsTHM/273/6/1/649 Young Writers' Festival, contact sheetsTHM/273/6/1/596 Young Writers' Festival, also known as Coming on Strong, photographs by Sarah AinslieTHM/273/6/1/637 Young Writers' Festival also known as Storming, photographs and contact sheetsTHM/273/6/1/613 Young Writers' Festival also known as Exposure, photographs and contact sheetsTHM/273/6/1/618 Un-identified production photographs, contact sheets, negatives, and slidesTHM/273/6/1/653 Oversized Production photographsTHM/273/6/2 People and events connected to the English Stage Company photographsTHM/273/6/3 Interior and Exterior photographs of the Royal Court TheatreTHM/273/6/4 Press and marketing recordsTHM/273/7 Grants and fundraising recordsTHM/273/8 Buildings and Estate RecordsTHM/273/9 Audio Visual RecordingsTHM/273/10 Ephemera MaterialTHM/273/11	cc/2019-30/en_head_0039.json.gz/line585
__label__wiki	0.870581	0.870581	A Century and Beyond: 1993-2010 Most Reverend Eusebius J. Beltran was born in Ashley, Pennsylvania, in 1934, the fifth of eight children, to Joseph and Helen (Kozlowski) Beltran. His parents were devout Catholics and instilled their faith belief in their children, all of whom are practicing Catholics. Most of his growing up years were spent in Wilkes-Barre, Pennsylvania. His family were members of a Polish Catholic parish and he attended Marymount School. He took the name "Joseph" as his confirmation name. Following high school, he entered the seminary. His desire was to be a missionary. At that time the state of Georgia was considered mission territory so he followed his older brother's example and became a seminarian for the Diocese of Savannah. Archbishop Beltran's father, a Spanish immigrant who made a living as a coal miner, was without work when the mines in Pennsylvania were closed. One daughter was already living in Georgia and persuaded her parents and younger siblings to move to Georgia where Mr. Beltran found employment. However, at the age of 59, he died of black lung disease, a hazard of working in the coal mines for years. Helen Beltran lived to see her son ordained as Bishop of Tulsa and died shortly thereafter. Archbishop Beltran studied for eight years at Saint Charles Seminary in Philadelphia. He was ordained a priest on May 14, 1960, in Atlanta's Cathedral of Christ the King. During his priestly formation years, Georgia was split into two dioceses and he was ordained for the Diocese of Atlanta by Most Reverend Francis Hyland. For eighteen years, Father Beltran, later Monsignor Beltran, would minister to the people in the Archdiocese of Atlanta, serving in several parishes and archdiocesan positions. In the last parish he served as pastor, Monsignor Beltran took an inner-city parish that was falling victim to the white-flight mentality so prevalent in the United States during the 1970's and turned it into a viable community. He never shied away from controversy or his beliefs, proof of which can be seen in the fact that he marched in Selma during the race riots. While at Saint Anthony Church in Atlanta, he began a weekday food program and child care center and brought life back to the parish. His love of the people and his nurturing spirit is remembered to this day as he has been invited to return there in June 2003 to celebrate the parish's centennial. His energy, his devotion to the Church and his pastoral approach are surely among the attributes which led to his appointment by Pope Paul VI as Bishop of Tulsa on February 28, 1978. He was ordained by Most Reverend Charles A. Salatka in Holy Family Cathedral on April 20,1978. He very quickly adopted Oklahoma as his home and for fifteen years he worked tirelessly to build up the various apostolates of the Catholic Church. Most notable were his efforts to assist the needy. He supported Catholic Charities and under that umbrella saw that there was help for unwed mothers, AIDS victims, homeless families and women who had just been released from prison. He lived the motto he chose when named Bishop of Tulsa: "We are one in Christ." On November 24, 1992, Eusebius Joseph Beltran was appointed by Pope John Paul II as the third Archbishop of Oklahoma City to succeed retiring Archbishop Charles Salatka. He was installed on January 22, 1993. Archbishop Beltran's first official act, in his first week in his new position in Oklahoma City, was to organize opposition to a proposed law that would have stripped away all state and local regulations concerning abortion. Thus, to this day, he strives to make life better for those in need. He has been responsible for increasing the apostolates overseen by Catholic Charities. He continues his commitment to the unborn. Contributions to the Archdiocesan Development Fund appeal have increased to include the building of a Catholic youth camp and an annual contribution to every Catholic school in the Archdiocese. He hopes that one day Catholic education will be affordable for all children through an education endowment. On May 1, 2003, Archbishop Eusebius J. Beltran, along with his family, friends both old and new and Catholics from across Oklahoma and elsewhere, will gather to celebrate his twenty-five years of serving God and His people as a bishop and archbishop. From his humble beginnings and the faith which was nurtured from his earliest age, he has touched the lives of so many people in so many memorable ways. There is no doubt that thou- sands of people have been touched through his spiritual guidance, his dedication to the struggle for justice and his love of humanity. His positive outlook, his devotion to the Eucharist and his prayerful life all set the tone and example for the flock which he shepherds. On December 16, 2010 Pope Benedict XVI named Archbishop Beltran’s replacement, Bishop Paul S. Coakley, of Salina, Kansas as the fourth Archbishop of the Archdiocese of Oklahoma City. Archbishop Beltran served two years past the standard 75 year retirement age for Bishops. Archbishop Beltran served the Oklahoma Catholics as Bishop of Tulsa and Archbishop of Oklahoma City for a total of 32 years. In his own words at the press conference of Archbishop-Elect Coakley, Archbishop Beltran thanked God for the blessing and opportunity to serve the people of Oklahoma all these years. Archbishop Emeritus Beltran still resides in Oklahoma City and helps with Masses and liturgies as he is needed. He is enjoying his retirement and travels often.	cc/2019-30/en_head_0039.json.gz/line586
__label__wiki	0.649558	0.649558	Bad Omen? NYC to rezone Jerome Avenue, signaling big changes for the Bronx By Audrey Wachs (@gridwachs) • September 1, 2016 After scoring a win for his affordable housing policy with rezoning of East New York, Mayor de Blasio is setting his sights on the Bronx’s Jerome Avenue. The Department of City Planning (DCP) released preliminary documents that outline plans to rezone a 73-block area of the southwest Bronx. The Special Jerome Avenue District is centered on its namesake street, the area’s bustling commercial spine that teems with mom-and-pop auto body shops beneath the steel canopy of the 4 train. The rezoning would allow for large mixed-use residential buildings on the avenue, which is now zoned C8-3, M1-2, C4- 4, R7-1, R8 C-83, commercial designations that includes hotels, office space, and industrial uses like warehouses and auto shops. The entire area would be rezoned R7, R8, R9 (high-density residential); C4-4D (a medium-density commercial district with an R8A equivalent that can have 7.2 FAR in areas zoned for Mandatory Inclusionary Housing (MIH); and topped off with C2-4 commercial overlays. The rezoning would indeed apply MIH, part of the mayor’s plan to guarantee affordable housing as a condition of market-rate residential development, to almost all of the new district. Near the district’s southern boundary, around McClellan Avenue, towers could rise up to 145 feet, YIMBY reports. At Tremont and Burnside avenues, around the northern end of the district, new buildings could be up to 120 feet tall; near West 170th street and all along Jerome, buildings could be 80 to 100 feet in height. Proposed rezoning area outlined in red. (Courtesy DCP) The height increases are tied to setbacks that should allow light and air onto Jerome, which can grow forebodingly dark at night because of the elevated train. (Perhaps the city will crib from the Design Trust for Public Space’s Under the Elevated, a project to revitalize 700 miles of public space that lies beneath elevated infrastructure.) The rezoning also includes promises to enhance parks and public spaces in the neighborhoods. In all, the DCP estimates that the rezoning will allow 72,273 square feet of community space, 35,575 square feet of commercial or retail space, and 3,250 new apartments. When the rezoning was proposed back in March 2015, residents worried it would be the doomsday toll for the auto shops, which offer skilled, good-paying jobs to a largely Latino workforce. The community’s concerns are justified: The DCP estimates that 47,795 square feet of industrial space and 98,002 square feet of shop space will be eliminated. As a result, over 100 jobs will be lost. New residents would be more affluent than current ones, as measured by their expected average incomes. The city promises to do another study to analyze the impending displacement of auto shops, although there’s no word on whether there will be an analogous study on the possibility of residential displacement. There’s plenty of time to deliberate, protest, and offer feedback on the Special Jerome Avenue District plan, though. It must pass through the lengthy public approvals process, which includes meetings with community boards, the borough president’s office, the City Planning Commission, and finally the City Council. The first public meeting, where DCP officials will be on hand to answer questions from the public, is scheduled for September 29 at the (Stanford White–designed) Gould Memorial Library Auditorium at Bronx Community College. Audrey Wachs (@gridwachs) Audrey Wachs writes about buildings, old buildings, and cities. You can find more of her work at audreywachs.com Bronx New York City Department of City Planning Zoning The co-ops are alright Co-op City celebrates 50 years of affordable housing in the Bronx Chiseled Physique Snøhetta's Upper West Side skyscraper may have its permits revoked Arguing Somantics San Francisco paves the way for more density after passing Central SoMa Plan The glow up Michael K. Chen completes a glowing children's library for a Bronx shelter	cc/2019-30/en_head_0039.json.gz/line587
__label__wiki	0.866607	0.866607	Very relieved, says Faf du Plessis after first win in WC Cape Town [South Africa], June 16 (ANI): South Africa finally managed to win their first match in the ongoing ICC Men's Cricket World Cup and the victory came as a sense of relief for the Proteas captain Faf du Plessis. "Very relieved and a little bit lighter," Sport24.co.za quoted Du Plessis as saying. After losing three consecutive matches and one match being abandoned, South Africa made a solid comeback against the bottom-placed team Afghanistan over whom they registered a massive nine-wicket victory. Imran Tahir took four wickets while Chris Morris got hold of three wickets as they restricted Afghanistan to just 125 runs. Andile Phehlukwayo also played brilliantly as he took two wickets and conceded just 18 runs in his eight over whereas with the bat, he played an unbeaten knock of 17 runs. However, due to rain, the match was reduced to 48 overs and the target went up by one run. South Africa easily chased the target, with the help of Quinton de Kock's 68-run inning. Du Plessis is exhilarated with his team's all-around performance as he said that they displayed a solid performance in all the departments. "We needed to be solid. We're showing signs of good cricket but we're showing other signs of inconsistency. Today was an opportunity for us to put our peg in the ground with a solid performance in all departments, and I thought we did that. We bowled really well and we were really clinical in chasing the score down," he said. Du Plessis praised the bowlers and said: "I was really pleased with the bowlers and once again Andile and Chris were very good in the middle there. The two of them are starting to put in some consistent performances for us with the ball now. Imran is always special, especially on a wicket like that where it is not suited to spinners. It was an amazing bowling performance."South Africa will now face New Zealand on June 19. (ANI)	cc/2019-30/en_head_0039.json.gz/line589
__label__wiki	0.920943	0.920943	Deutsche Bank Cuts Mark End to Failed Bid for Global Scale BERLIN - The radical and painful restructuring of Germany's Deutsche Bank, which is cutting 18,000 jobs, is the end of a long, failed attempt to compete with the global investment banking giants that left it overextended. The bank plan unveiled Sunday aims to go "back to our roots" by refocusing on traditional strengths like serving corporate customers and wealthy individuals and cutting down on its stock-trading business and fixed-income investments. Investors gave a wary response Monday, however, pushing shares down 5% at 6.82 euros ($7.68) in Frankfurt. CEO Christian Sewing said the job cuts have already begun and will last until 2022, though he wouldn't give a geographical breakdown. Deutsche Bank had nearly 91,500 employees at the end of March, about 41,600 of them in Germany. Many of its investment banking activities are carried out in New York and London. "This is a rebuilding which, in a way, also takes us back to our roots," Sewing said in a message to staff. Failed expansion Analysts say the overhaul is the bank's long-needed reckoning with the failure of its expansion plan. Deutsche Bank's move into investment banking dates back to 1989, when it took over Morgan Grenfell, and the 1999 takeover of Bankers Trust. The division helped drive strong profits in the 2000s and was part of an ambition to become one of the global banking giants, like JPMorgan or HSBC. But the expansion, and the global financial crisis around 2008, also helped generate its subsequent problems. Deutsche Bank wrestled for years with high costs, weak profits, and a low share price. It also paid billions in fines and settlements related to behavior before and after the global financial crisis. Analysts expect Deutsche Bank's departure to be a net benefit for the U.S.-based investment banks like Goldman Sachs, Morgan Stanley and JPMorgan Chase. Competition between the big Wall Street firms for business has been intense for years, and has only gotten worse in recent years as fewer companies are using traditional financial services to go public or issue debt. The end of Deutsche Bank's commodity and bond trading operations will also be a boon for the banks, as trading will likely move to the banks which already specialize in it, like Citigroup, Goldman and JPMorgan. 'Spread too thin' The bad headlines continued this year when two U.S. congressional committees subpoenaed Deutsche Bank documents as part their investigations into President Donald Trump and his company. Deutsche Bank was one of the few banks willing to lend to Trump after a series of corporate bankruptcies and defaults starting in the early 1990s. The Frankfurt-based bank went three straight years without an annual profit before earning 341 million euros for 2018. Sewing took over last year, promising faster restructuring after predecessor John Cryan was perceived to have moved too slowly. "We tried to compete in nearly every area of the banking market at the same time," Sewing told investors Monday. "We simply spread ourselves too thin." Earlier this year, the bank entered talks to merge with German rival Commerzbank, which had also been ailing since the global financial crisis. But the talks failed in April amid concerns that a merger would be too complicated and costly. That left open the question of what strategy Deutsche Bank could pursue to make its business leaner and more profitable. Previous shake-up attempts have been "too little, too late," said Neil Wilson, an analyst for Markets.com in London. 'Right medicine' "Now it's the right medicine, it just should have been taken a few years ago," Wilson said. He added that some questions remain about how the bank aims to grow revenues once it has restructured, and that seems reflected in the investors' sell-off of the shares Monday. Philip Augar, a British-based banking expert and former equities broker, told the BBC that Deutsche Bank was embarking on a spectacular reversal of the strategy that began with the 1999 Bankers Trust acquisition. "Their ambition was to challenge the Wall Street giants. And for about decade, it looked as though they'd pulled it off," he said, with the bank "a serious player on Wall Street and in the City" in the 2000s. But things went wrong in the financial crisis as Deutsche Bank cut slowly and modestly while others "retreated radically and drastically, and more or less, instantly," he added. "They've been limping along for the last few years and I suppose this day had to come," he said.	cc/2019-30/en_head_0039.json.gz/line590
__label__wiki	0.6416	0.6416	PLEASE STAND BY — Penn State severs engineering network after “incredibly serious” intrusion Officials say China was behind one of two hacks that hit the College of Engineering. Dan Goodin - May 15, 2015 7:55 pm UTC Penn State's College of Engineering has been disconnected from the Internet so it can recover from two serious computer intrusions that exposed personal information for at least 18,000 people and possibly other sensitive data, officials said Friday. The group responsible for one of the attacks appears to be based in China, a country many security analysts have said actively hacks and trawls the computer networks of western nations for a wide range of technical data. University officials said there's no evidence that the intruders obtained research data, but they didn't rule the possibility out. Officials have known of the breach since November 21, when the FBI reported an attack on the engineering college network by an outside entity. In a letter to students and faculty issued Friday, Penn State President Eric J. Barron wrote: In order to protect the college’s network infrastructure as well as critical research data from a malicious attack, it was important that the attackers remained unaware of our efforts to investigate and prepare for a full-scale remediation. Any abnormal action by individual users could have induced additional unwelcome activity, potentially making the situation even worse. This is an incredibly serious situation, and we are devoting all necessary resources to help the college recover as quickly as possible; minimize the disruption and inconvenience to engineering faculty, staff and students; and to harden Penn State’s networks against this constantly evolving threat. Barron said he expected Internet connectivity for the engineering school network to be restored in several days. While the intrusions affected only a small set of people, all College of Engineering faculty and staff at the University Park campus, as well as students at all Penn State campuses who recently have taken at least one engineering course, will be required to choose new passwords for their Penn State access accounts. Faculty and staff who want to access college resources remotely over a virtual private network connection will be required to use two-factor authentication. "In addition, and in light of these new and ongoing threats against large organizations around the world, we are launching a comprehensive review of all related IT security practices and procedures at Penn State," Barron wrote. "As this review takes place, we will keep in mind our intrinsic need as a university to maintain an open environment for learning and collaboration, while at the same time acknowledging the need to further strengthen our security posture to marginalize cybercrime."	cc/2019-30/en_head_0039.json.gz/line591
__label__wiki	0.885045	0.885045	A dazzling tale of intrigue from the writer Library Journal calls “the reigning king of popular literary historical thrillers,” The Dante Chamber is a riveting journey across London and into both the beauty and darkness of Dante. Expertly blending fact and fiction, Pearl gives us a historical mystery like no other that captivates and surprises until the last page. Travels from: Massachusetts Matthew Pearl is the New York Times bestselling author of The Dante Club and the editor of the Modern Library editions of Dante's Inferno (translated by Henry Wadsworth Longfellow) and Edgar Allen Poe's The Murder in the Rue Morgue: The Dupin Tales. The Dante Club has been published in more than thirty languages and forty countries. His other novels include The Poe Shadow, The Last Dickens, The Technologists and The Last Bookaneer - all of which stage fascinating real-life historical figures in brilliant crime narratives that earn loyal readers worldwide. Matthew’s latest novel is The Dante Chamber, is the long anticipated follow-up to The Dante Club, set five years after a series of Dante-inspired killings disrupted Boston. When more mysterious murders erupt across the city, all in the style of the punishments Dante memorialized in Purgatory, poet Christina Rossetti enlists poets Robert Browning and Alfred Tennyson, along with famous scholar Dr. Oliver Wendell Homes, to investigate. The Dante Chamber is a riveting adventure across London, and through the pages of iconic literature. Pearl is a graduate of Harvard University and Yale Law School and has taught literature at Harvard and at Emerson College. He lives in Cambridge, Massachusetts. A well-wrought sequel of sorts…Displaying extensive knowledge of the period and the writers, Pearl builds an intricate, well-layered plot…His focus on Christina among several imposing male writers…is also a refreshing choice and produces a complex, appealing character. A thoroughly entertaining excursion to the literary England of the late 19th century with some ink-stained amateur detectives. — Kirkus, Starred Review The Dante’s Chamber Author Presentation The sleuths who figure in Matthew Pearl’s THE DANTE CHAMBER should thrill English literature majors… [A] literary whodunit. — New York Times Book Review Murder takes a literary turn…You’ll enjoy Pearl’s evocation of these esteemed authors, who prove to be all too human. Check Matthew's Availability “If Poets Could Solve Crime…” The Washington Post (June 2018) “How One Famed Hollywood Restaurant Became the National Center for the Mob” - Miami New Times (Jan 2018) “Behind The Untouchables: The Making of the Memoir that Reclaimed Prohibition-Era Legend,” Vanity Fair (Dec 2017) “The Incredible Untold Story of America’s First Police Detectives” - The Boston Glove (Apr 2016) “A Historical Romp About Literary Skulduggery,” The Guardian (June 2015)	cc/2019-30/en_head_0039.json.gz/line592
__label__cc	0.735674	0.264326	“Recovering Community History,” Upcoming ASHP/CML Public Event, March 5, 2008 On March 5, 2008, ASHP/CML will host “Recovering Community History: Puerto Ricans and African Americans in Postwar New York City,” a film screening and discussion about the challenges that scholars, public historians, and filmmakers face in researching and presenting the histories of communities and neighborhoods that are dramatically under-represented in archives and historical collections. The evening features an excerpt from an hour-long documentary on visionary leader Antonia Pantoja, whose activism sheds light on the quest for Puerto Rican self-identity, educational rights, and bilingual education. Other speakers include the historians Craig Steven Wilder and Marci Reaven. Wilder discusses the history of African Americans and public education in Brooklyn in the 1940s and 1950s, and Reaven focuses on both her work at City Lore in preserving local cultural heritage and her research into community organizing on the Lower East Side. ASHP/CML’s Madeleine Lopez will moderate. The event is co-sponsored by the Gotham Center for New York City History. March 5, 2008, 6:00 pm – 8:00 pm Martin E. Segal Theatre, The Graduate Center (365 Fifth Avenue) Latest ASHP News Visual Culture of the American Civil War – A New Resource Website The Visual Culture of the American Civil War website features presentations by historians, art historians, and archivists who participated... Who Built America Badges for History Education is an online professional learning community where teachers can earn digital badges and...	cc/2019-30/en_head_0039.json.gz/line601
__label__wiki	0.520457	0.520457	All posts tagged hyperbolic geometry Alex’s Adventures In Numberland by Alex Bellos (2010) Alexander Bellos (born in 1969) is a British writer and broadcaster. He is the author of books about Brazil and mathematics, as well as having a column in The Guardian newspaper. After adventures in Brazil (see his Wikipedia page) he returned to England in 2007 and wrote this, his first book. It spent four months in the Sunday Times bestseller list and led on to five more popular maths books. It’s a hugely enjoyable read for three reasons: Bellos immediately establishes a candid, open, good bloke persona, sharing stories from his early job as a reporter on the Brighton Argus, telling some colourful anecdotes about his time in Brazil and then being surprisingly open about the way that, when he moved back to Britain, he had no idea what to do. The tone of the book is immediately modern, accessible and friendly. However this doesn’t mean he is verbose. The opposite. The book is packed with fascinating information. Every single paragraph, almost every sentence contains a fact or insight which makes you sit up and marvel. It is stufffed with good things. Lastly, although its central theme is mathematics, it approaches this through a wealth of information from the humanities. There is as much history and psychology and anthropology and cultural studies and philosophy as there is actual maths, and these are all subjects which the average humanities graduate can immediately relate to and assimilate. Chapter Zero – A Head for Numbers Alex meets Pierre Pica, a linguist who’s studied the Munduruku people of the Amazon and discovered they have little or no sense of numbers. They only have names for numbers up to five. Also, they cluster numbers together logarithmically i.e. the higher the number, the closer together they clustered them. Same thing is done by kindergarten children who only slowly learn that numbers are evenly spaced, in a linear way. This may be because small children and the Munduruku don’t count so much as estimate using the ratios between numbers. It may also be because above a certain number (five) Stone Age man needed to make quick estimates along the lines of, Are there more wild animals / members of the other gang, than us? Another possibility is that distance appears to us to be logarithmic due to perspective: the first fifty yards we see in close detail, the next fifty yards not so detailed, beyond 100 yards looking smaller, and so on. It appears that we have to be actively taught when young to overcome our logarithmic instincts, and to apply the rule that each successive whole number is an equal distance from its predecessor and successor i.e. the rational numbers lies along a straight line at regular intervals. More proof that the logarithmic approach is the deep, hard-wired one is the way most of us revert to its perspective when considering big numbers. As John Allen Paulos laments, people make no end of fuss about discrepancies between 2 or 3 or 4 – but are often merrily oblivious to the difference between a million or a billion, let alone a trillion. For most of us these numbers are just ‘big’. He goes on to describe experiments done on chimpanzees, monkeys and lions which appear to show that animals have the ability to estimate numbers. And then onto experiments with small babies which appear to show that as soon as they can focus on the outside world, babies can detect changes in number of objects. And it appears that we also have a further number skill, that guesstimating things – the journey takes 30 or 40 minutes, there were twenty or thirty people at the party, you get a hundred, maybe hundred and fifty peas in a sack. When it comes to these figures almost all of us give rough estimates. we are sensitive to small numbers, acutely so of 1, 2, 3, 4, less so of 5, 6, 7, 8, 9 left to our own devices we think logarithmically about larger numbers i.e lose the sense of distinction between them, clump them together we have a good ability to guesstimate medium size numbers – 30, 40, 100 But it was only with the invention of notation, a way of writing numbers down, that we were able to create the linear system of counting (where every number is 1 larger than its predecessor, laid out in a straight line, at regular intervals). And that this cultural invention enabled human beings to transcend our vague guesstimating abilities, and laid the basis for the systematic manipulation of the world which followed Chapter One – The Counter Culture The probable origins of counting lie in stock taking in the early agricultural revolution some 8,000 years ago. We nowadays count using a number base 10 i.e. the decimal system. But other bases have their virtues, especially base 12. It has more factors i.e. is easier to divide: 12 can be divided neatly by 2, 3, 4 and 6. A quarter of 10 is 2.5 but of 12 is 3. A third of 10 is 3.333 but of 12 is 4. Striking that a version of the duodecimal system (pounds, shillings and pence) hung on in Britain till we finally went metric in the 1970s. There is even a Duodecimal Society of America which still actively campaigns for the superiority of a base 12 counting scheme. Duodecimal Society of America Bellos describes a bewildering variety of other counting systems and bases. In 1716 King Charles XII of Sweden asked Emmanuel Swedenborg to devise a new counting system with a base of 64. The Arara in the Amazon count in pairs, the Renaissance author Luca Paccioli was just one of hundreds who have devised finger-based systems of counting – indeed, the widespread use of base 10 probably stems from the fact that we have ten fingers and toes. He describes a complicated Chinese system where every part of the hand and fingers has a value which allows you to count up to nearly a billion – on one hand! The Yupno system which attributes a different value for parts of the body up to its highest number, 33, represented by the penis. Diagram showing numbers attributed to parts of the body by the Yupno tribe There’s another point to make about his whole approach which comes out if we compare him with the popular maths books by John Allen Paulos which I’ve just read. Paulos clearly sees the need to leaven his explanations of comparative probability and Arrow’s Theorem and so on with lighter material and so his strategy is to chuck into his text things which interest him: corny jokes, anecdotes about baseball, casual random digressions which occur to him in mid-flow. But al his examples clearly 1. emanate from Paulos’s own interests and hobby horses (especially baseball) and 2. they are tacked onto the subjects being discussed. Bellos, also, has grasped that the general reader needs to be spoonfed maths via generous helpings of other, more easily digestible material. But Bellos’s choice of material arises naturally from the topic under discussion. The humour emerges naturally and easily from the subject matter instead of being tacked on in the form of bad jokes. You feel yourself in the hands of a master storyteller who has all sorts of wonderful things to explain to you. In fourth millennium BC, an early counting system was created by pressing a reed into soft clay. By 2700 BC the Sumerians were using cuneiform. And they had number symbols for 1, 10, 60 and 3,600 – a mix of decimal and sexagesimal systems. Why the Sumerians grouped their numbers in 60s has been described as one of the greatest unresolved mysteries in the history of arithmetic. (p.58) Measuring in 60s was inherited by the Babylonians, the Egyptians and the Greeks and is why we still measure hours in 60 minutes and the divisions of a circle by 360 degrees. I didn’t know that after the French Revolution, when the National Convention introduced the decimal system of weights and measures, it also tried to decimalise time, introducing a new system whereby every day would be divided into ten hours, each of a hundred minutes, each divided into 100 seconds. Thus there were a very neat 10 x 100 x 100 = 100,000 seconds in a day. But it failed. An hour of 60 minutes turns out to be a deeply useful division of time, intuitively measurable, and a reasonable amount of time to spend on tasks. The reform was quietly dropped after six months, although revolutionary decimal clocks still exist. Studies consistently show that Chinese children find it easier to count than European children. This may be because of our system of notation, or the structure of number names. Instead of eleven or twelve, Chinese, Japanese and Koreans say the equivalent of ten one, ten two. 21 and 22 become two ten one and two ten two. It has been shown that this makes it a lot simpler and more intuitive to do basic addition and subtraction. Bellos goes on to describe the various systems of abacuses which have developed in different cultures, before explaining the phenomenal popularity of abacus counting, abacus clubs, and abacus championships in Japan which helps kids develop the ability to perform anzan, using the mental image of an abacus to help its practitioners to sums at phenomenal speed. Chapter Two – Behold! The mystical sense of the deep meaning of numbers, from Pythagoras with his vegetarian religious cult of numbers in 4th century BC Athens to Jerome Carter who advises leading rap stars about the numerological significance of their names. Euclid and the elegant and pure way he deduced mathematical theorems from a handful of basic axioms. A description of the basic Platonic shapes leads into the nature of tessalating tiles, and the Arab pioneering of abstract design. The complex designs of the Sierpinski carpet and the Menger sponge. And then the complex and sophisticated world of origami, which has its traditionalists, its pioneers and surprising applications to various fields of advanced science, introducing us to the American guru of modern origami, Robert Lang, and the Japanese rebel, Kazuo Haga, father of Haga’s Theorem. Haga’s Theorem Chapter Three – Something About Nothing A bombardment of information about the counting systems of ancient Hindus, Buddhists, about number symbols in Sanskrit, Hebrew, Greek and Latin. How the concept of zero was slowly evolved in India and moved to the Muslim world with the result that the symbols we use nowadays are known as the Arabic numerals. A digression into ‘a set of arithmetical tricks known as Vedic Mathematics ‘ devised by a young Indian swami at the start of the twentieth century, Bharati Krishna Tirthaji, based on a series of 16 aphorisms which he found in the ancient holy texts known as the Vedas. Shankaracharya is a commonly used title of heads of monasteries called mathas in the Advaita Vedanta tradition. Tirthaji was the Shankaracharya of the monastery at Puri. Bellos goes to visit the current Shankaracharya who explains the closeness, in fact the identity, of mathematics and Hindu spirituality. Chapter Four – Life of Pi An entire chapter about pi which turns out not only to be a fundamental aspect of calculating radiuses and diameters and volumes of circles and cubes, but also to have a long history of mathematicians vying with each other to work out its value to as many decimal places as possible (we currently know the value of pi to 2.7 trillion decimal places) and the surprising history of people who have set records reciting the value if pi. Thus, in 2006, retired Japanese engineer Akira Haraguchi set a world record for reciting the value of pi to the first 100,000 decimal places from memory! It took 16 hours with five minute beaks every two hours to eat rice balls and drink some water. There are several types or classes of numbers: natural numbers – 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7… integers – all the natural numbers, but including the negative ones as well – …-3, -2, -1, 0, 1, 2, 3… which are also called rational numbers numbers which cannot be written as fractions are called irrational numbers transcendent numbers – ‘a transcendental number is an irrational number that cannot be described by an equation with a finite number of terms’ The qualities of the heptagonal 50p coin and the related qualities of the Reuleux triangle. Chapter Five – The x-factor The origin of algebra (in Arab mathematicians). Bellos makes the big historical point that for the Greeks (Pythagoras, Plato, Euclid) maths was geometric. They thought of maths as being about shapes – circles, triangles, squares and so on. These shapes had hidden properties which maths revealed, thus giving – the Pythagoreans thought – insight into the secret deeper values of the world. It is only with the introduction of algebra in the 17th century (Bellos attributes its widespread adoption to Descartes’s Method in the 1640s) that it is possible to fly free of shapes into whole new worlds of abstract numbers and formulae. Logarithms turn the difficult operation of multiplication into the simpler operation of addition. If X x Y = Z, then log X + log Y = log Z. They were invented by a Scottish laird John Napier, and publicised in a huge book of logarithmic tables published in 1614. Englishman Henry Briggs established logarithms to base 10 in 1628. In 1620 Englishman Edmund Gunter marked logarithms on a ruler. Later in the 1620s Englishman William Oughtred placed two logarithmic rulers next to each other to create the slide rule. Three hundred years of dominance by the slide rule was brought to a screeching halt by the launch of the first pocket calculator in 1972. Quadratic equations are equations with an x and an x², e.g. 3x² + 2x – 4 = 0. ‘Quadratics have become so crucial to the understanding of the world, that it is no exaggeration to say that they underpin modern science’ (p.200). Chapter Six – Playtime Number games. The origin of Sudoku, which is Japanese for ‘the number must appear only once’. There are some 5 billion ways for numbers to be arranged in a table of nine cells so that the sum of any row or column is the same. There have, apparently, only been four international puzzle crazes with a mathematical slant – the tangram, the Fifteen puzzle, Rubik’s cube and Sudoku – and Bellos describes the origin and nature and solutions to all four. More than 300 million cubes have seen sold since Ernö Rubik came up with the idea in 1974. Bellos gives us the latest records set in the hyper-competitive sport of speedcubing: the current record of restoring a copletely scrambled cube to order (i.e. all the faces of one colour) is 7.08 seconds, a record held by Erik Akkersdijk, a 19-year-old Dutch student. A visit to the annual Gathering for Gardner, honouring Martin Gardner, one of the greatest popularisers of mathematical games and puzzles who Bellos visits. The origin of the ambigram, and the computer game Tetris. Chapter Seven – Secrets of Succession The joy of sequences. Prime numbers. The fundamental theorem of arithmetic – In number theory, the fundamental theorem of arithmetic, also called the unique factorization theorem or the unique-prime-factorization theorem, states that every integer greater than 1 either is a prime number itself or can be represented as the product of prime numbers. The Goldbach conjecture – one of the oldest and best-known unsolved problems in number theory and all of mathematics. It states that, Every even integer greater than 2 can be expressed as the sum of two primes. The conjecture has been shown to hold for all integers less than 4 × 1018, but remains unproven despite considerable effort. Neil Sloane’s idea of persistence – The number of steps it takes to get to a single digit by multiplying all the digits of the preceding number to obtain a second number, then multiplying all the digits of that number to get a third number, and so on until you get down to a single digit. 88 has a persistence of three. 88 → 8 x 8 = 64 → 6 x 4 = 24 → 2 x 4 = 8 John Horton Conway’s idea of the powertrain – For any number abcd its powertrain goes to abcd, in the case of numbers with an odd number of digits the final one has no power, abcde’s powertrain is abcde. The Recamán sequence Subtract if you can, unless a) it would result in a negative number or b) the number is already in the sequence. The result is: 0, 1, 3, 6, 2, 7, 13, 20, 12, 21, 11…. Gijswijt’s sequence a self-describing sequence where each term counts the maximum number of repeated blocks of numbers in the sequence immediately preceding that term. 1, 1, 2, 1, 1, 2, 2, 2, 3, 1, 1, 2, 1, 1, 2, 2, 2, 3, 2, 1, … Perfect number A perfect number is any number that is equal to the sum of its factors. Thus 6 – its factors (the numbers which divided into it) are 1, 2 and 3. Which also add up to (are the sum of) 6. The next perfect number is 28 because its factors – 1, 2, 4, 7, 14 – add up to 28. And so on. Amicable numbers A number is amicable if the sum of the factors of the first number equals the second number, and if the sum of the factors of the second number equals the first. The factors of 220 are 1, 2, 4, 5, 10, 11, 20, 22, 44, 55 and 110. Added together these make 284. The factors of 284 are 1, 2, 4, 71 and 142. Added together they make 220! Sociable numbers In 1918 Paul Poulet invented the term sociable numbers. ‘The members of aliquot cycles of length greater than 2 are often called sociable numbers. The smallest two such cycles have length 5 and 28’ Perfect, amicable and sociable numbers Mersenne’s prime A prime number which can be written in the form 2n – 1 a prime number that is one less than a power of two. That is, it is a prime number of the form Mn = 2n − 1 for some integer n. The exponents n which give Mersenne primes are 2, 3, 5, 7, 13, 17, 19, 31, … and the resulting Mersenne primes are 3, 7, 31, 127, 8191, 131071, 524287, 2147483647, … These and every other sequence ever created by humankind are documented on The On-Line Encyclopedia of Integer Sequences (OEIS), also cited simply as Sloane’s. This is an online database of integer sequences, created and maintained by Neil Sloane while a researcher at AT&T Labs. On-Line Encyclopedia of Integer Sequences Chapter Eight – Gold Finger The golden section a number found by dividing a line into two parts so that the longer part divided by the smaller part is also equal to the whole length divided by the longer part. Phi The number is often symbolized using phi, after the 21st letter of the Greek alphabet. In an equation form: a/b = (a+b)/a = 1.6180339887498948420 … As with pi (the ratio of the circumference of a circle to its diameter), the digits go on and on, theoretically into infinity. Phi is usually rounded off to 1.618. The Fibonnaci sequence Each number in the sequence is the sum of the two numbers that precede it. So the sequence goes: 0, 1, 1, 2, 3, 5, 8, 13, 21, 34, and so on. The mathematical equation describing it is Xn+2= Xn+1 + Xn. as the basis of seeds in flowerheads, arrangement of leaves round a stem, design of nautilus shell and much more. The Fibonnaci sequence Chapter Nine – Chance Is A Fine Thing A chapter about probability and gambling. Impossibility has a value 0, certainty a value 1, everything else is in between. Probabilities can be expressed as fractions e.g. 1/6 chance of rolling a 6 on a die, or as percentages, 16.6%, or as decimals, 0.16… The probability is something not happening is 1 minus the probability of that thing happening. Probability was defined and given mathematical form in 17th century. One contribution was the questions the Chevalier de Méré asked the mathematical prodigy Blaise Pascal. Pascal corresponded with his friend, Pierre de Fermat, and they worked out the bases of probability theory. Expected value is what you can expect to get out of a bet. Bellos takes us on a tour of the usual suspects – rolling dice, tossing coins, and roulette (invented in France). Payback percentage if you bet £10 at craps, you can expect – over time – to receive an average of about £9.86 back. In other words craps has a payback percentage of 98.6 percent. European roulette has a payback percentage of 97.3 percent. American roulette, 94.7 percent. On other words, gambling is a fancy way of giving your money away. A miserly slot machine has a payback percentage of 85%. The National Lottery has a payback percentage of 50%. The law of large numbers The more you play a game of chance, the more likely the results will approach the statistical probability. Toss a coin three times, you might get three heads. Toss a coin a thousand times, the chances are you will get very close the statistical probability of 50% heads. The law of very large numbers With a large enough sample, outrageous coincidences become likely. The gambler’s fallacy The mistaken belief that, if something happens more frequently than normal during a given period, it will happen less frequently in the future (or vice versa). In other words, that a random process becomes less random, and more predictable, the more it is repeated. The birthday paradox The probability that, in a set of n randomly chosen people, some pair of them will have the same birthday. By the pigeonhole principle, the probability reaches 100% when the number of people reaches 367 (since there are only 366 possible birthdays, including February 29). However, 99.9% probability is reached with just 70 people, and 50% probability with 23 people. (These conclusions are based on the assumption that each day of the year (excluding February 29) is equally probable for a birthday.) In other words you only need a group of 23 people to have an evens chance that two of them share a birthday. The drunkard’s walk The difficulty of attaining true randomness and the human addiction to finding meaning in anything. The distinction between playing strategy (best strategy to win a game) and betting strategy (best strategy to maximise your winnings), not always the same. Chapter Ten – Situation Normal Carl Friedrich Gauss, the bell curve, normal distribution aka Gaussian distribution. Normal or Gaurrian distribution results in a bell curve. Bellos describes the invention and refinement of the bell curve (he explains that ‘the long tail’ results from a mathematician who envisioned a thin bell curve as looking like two kangaroos facing each other with their long tails heading off in opposite directions). And why Regression to the mean – if the outcome of an event is determined at least in part by random factors, then an extreme event will probably be followed by one that is less extreme. And recent devastating analyses which show how startlingly random sports achievements are, from leading baseball hitters to Simon Kuper and Stefan Szymanski’s analysis of the form of the England soccer team. Chapter Eleven – The End of the Line Two breakthroughs which paved the way for modern i.e. 20th century, maths: the invention of non-Euclidean geometry, specifically the concept of hyperbolic geometry. To picture this draw a triangle on a Pringle. it is recognisably a triangle but all its angles do not add up to 180°, therefore it defies, escapes, eludes all the rule of Euclidean geometry, which were designed for flat 2D surfaces. Bellos introduces us to Daina Taimina, a maths prof at Cornell University, who invented a way of crocheting hyperbolic surfaces. The result looks curly, like curly kale or the surface of coral. Anyway, the breakaway from flat 2-D Euclidean space led to theories about curved geometry, either convex like a sphere, or hyperbolic like the pringle. It was this notion of curved space, which paved the way for Einstein’s breakthrough ideas in the early 20th century. The second big breakthrough was Georg Cantor’s discovery that you can have many different types of infinity. Until Cantor the mathematical tradition from the ancient Greeks to Galileo and Newton had fought shy of infinity which threatened to disrupt so many formulae. Cantor’s breakthrough was to stop thinking about numbers, and instead think of sets. This is demonstrated through the paradoxes of Hilbert’s Hotel. You need to buckle your safety belt to understand it. Hilbert’s Paradox of the Grand Hotel This is easily the best book about maths I’ve ever read. It gives you a panoramic history of the subject which starts with innumerate cavemen and takes us to the edge of Einstein’s great discoveries. But Bellos adds to it all kinds of levels and abilities. He is engaging and candid and funny. He is fantastically authoritative, taking us gently into forests of daunting mathematical theory without placing a foot wrong. He’s a great explainer. He knows a good story when he sees one, and how to tell it engagingly. And in every chapter there is a ‘human angle’ as he describes his own personal meetings and interviews with many of the (living) key players in the world of contemporary maths, games and puzzles. Like the Ian Stewart book but on a vastly bigger scale, Bellos makes you feel what it is like to be a mathematician, not just interested in nature’s patterns (the basis of Stewart’s book, Nature’s Numbers) but in the beauty of mathematical theories and discoveries for their own sakes. (This comes over very strongly in chapter seven with its description of some of the weirdest and wackiest number sequences dreamed up by the human mind.) I’ve often read scientists describing the beauty of mathematical theories, but Bellos’s book really helps you develop a feel for this kind of beauty. For me, I think three broad conclusions emerged: 1. Most mathematicians are in it for the fun. Setting yourself, and solving, mathematical puzzles is obviously extremely rewarding. Maths includes the vast territory of puzzles and games, such as the Sudoku and so on he describes in chapter six. Obviously it has all sorts of real-world application in physics, engineering and so on, but Bellos’s book really brings over that a true understanding of maths begins in puzzles, games and patterns, and often remains there for a lifetime. Like everything else maths is no highly professionalised the property of tenured professors in universities; and yet even to this day – as throughout its history – contributions can be made by enthusiastic amateurs. 2. As he points out repeatedly, many insights which started out as the hobby horses of obsessives, or arcane breakthroughs on the borders of our understanding, and which have been airily dismissed by the professionals, often end up being useful, having applications no-one dreamed of. Either they help unravel aspects of the physical universe undreamed of when they were discovered, or have been useful to human artificers. Thus the development of random number sequences seemed utterly pointless in the 19th century, but now underlies much internet security. On a profounder note, Bellos expresses the eerie, mystical sense many mathematicians have that it seems so strange, so pregnant with meaning, that so many of these arcane numbers end up explaining aspects of the world their inventors knew nothing of. Ian Stewart has an admirably pragmatic explanation for this: he speculates that nature uses everything it can find in order to build efficient life forms. Or, to be less teleological, over the past 3 and a half billion years, every combination of useful patterns has been tried out. Given this length of time, and the incalculable variety of life forms which have evolved on this planet, it would be strange if every number system conceivable by one of those life forms – humankind – had not been tried out at one time or another. 3. My third conclusion is that, despite John Allen Paulos’s and Bellos’s insistence, I do not live in a world ever-more bombarded by maths. I don’t gamble on anything, and I don’t follow sports – the two biggest popular areas where maths is important – and the third is the twin areas of surveys and opinion polls (55% of Americans believe in alien abductions etc etc) and the daily blizzard of reports (for example, I see in today’s paper that the ‘Number of primary school children at referral units soars’). I register their existence but they don’t impact on me for the simple reason that I don’t believe any of them. In 1992 every opinion poll said John Major would lose the general election, but he won with a thumping majority. Since then I haven’t believed any poll about anything. For example almost all the opinion polls predicted a win for Remain in the Brexit vote. Why does any sane person believe opinion polls? And ‘new and shocking’ reports come out at the rate of a dozen a day and, on closer examination, lots of them turn out to be recycled information, or much much more mundane releases of data sets from which journalists are paid to draw the most shocking and extreme conclusions. Some may be of fleeting interest but once you really grasp that the people reporting them to you are paid to exaggerate and horrify, you soon learn to ignore them. If you reject or ignore these areas – sport, gambling and the news (made up of rehashed opinion polls, surveys and reports) – then unless you’re in a profession which actively requires the sophisticated manipulation of figures, I’d speculate that most of the rest of us barely come into contact with numbers from one day to the next. I think that’s the answer to Paulos and Bellos when they are in ‘why aren’t more people mathematically numerate?’ mode – maths is difficult, and counter-intuitive, and hard to understand and follow, it is a lot of work, it does make your head ache. Even trying to solve a simple binomial equation hurt my brain. But I think the biggest reason that ‘we’ are so innumerate is simply that – beautiful, elegant, satisfying and thought-provoking though it may be to the professionals – maths is more or less irrelevant to most of our day to day lives, most of the time. Alex’s Adventures in Numberland on Amazon Alex Bellos’s website Alex Bellos Wikipedia article Reviews of other science books The Perfect Theory by Pedro G. Ferreira (2014) The Origin Of The Universe: To the Edge of Space and Time by John D. Barrow (1994) The Last Three Minutes: Conjectures about the Ultimate Fate of the Universe by Paul Davies (1994) The Black Cloud by Fred Hoyle (1957) Environment / human impact The Sixth Extinction: An Unnatural History by Elizabeth Kolbert (2014) Guns, Germs and Steel by Jared Diamond (1997) The Sixth Extinction by Richard Leakey and Roger Lewin (1995) The Double Helix by James Watson (1968) Nature’s Numbers: Discovering Order and Pattern in the Universe by Ian Stewart (1995) Innumeracy: Mathematical Illiteracy and Its Consequences by John Allen Paulos (1988) A Mathematician Reads the Newspaper: Making Sense of the Numbers in the Headlines by John Allen Paulos (1995) The Perfect Theory: A Century of Geniuses and the Battle over General Relativity Pedro G. Ferreira (2014) Atomic by Jim Baggott (2009) Irrationality: The Enemy Within by Stuart Sutherland (1992) by Simon on April 1, 2019 • Permalink Posted in Books, History, Mathematics Tagged 2010, abacus, Akira Haraguchi, Alex Bellos, Alex's Adventures In Numberland, algebra, Amazon, ambigram, amicable numbers, anzan, Arabic numerals, Arrow's Theorem, Babylonians, base 10, betting strategy, Bharati Krishna Tirthaji, Blaise Pascal, book, Brazil, Buddhists, Carl Friedrich Gauss, Chinese, curved space, Daina Taimina, Descartes, Duodecimal Society of America, Edmund Gunter, Egyptians, Einstein, Emmanuel Swedenborg, Erik Akkersdijk, Ernö Rubik, Euclid, expected value, fractions, France, French Revolution, gambling, Gaussian distribution, Georg Cantor, Gijswijt's sequence, Greek, Greeks, Guardian, Haga's Theorem, Hebrew, Henry Briggs, Hilbert's Hotel, Hindus, hyperbolic geometry, India, integers, irrational numbers, Japanese, Jerome Carter, John Allen Paulos, John Horton Conway, John Napier, Kazuo Haga, King Charles XII, Koreans, Latin, linear maths, logarithmic, Luca Paccioli, Martin Gardner, Mathematics, Mersenne's prime, Munduruku people, National Convention, natural numbers, Neil Sloane, non-Euclidean geometry, normal distribution, On-Line Encyclopedia of Integer Sequences, Paul Poulet, payback percentage, perfect number, persistence, phi, pi, Pierre Pica, Plato, playing strategy, prime numbers, probability, probability theory, Pythagoras, quadratic equations, rational numbers, regression to the mean, Robert Lang, rolling dice, roulette, Rubik's cube, Sanskrit, sexagesimal, Shankaracharya, Simon Kuper, sociable numbers, speedcubing, Stefan Szymanski, Sudoku, Sumerians, tangram, Tetris, the birthday paradox, the Chevalier de Méré, the drunkard's walk, the Fibonnaci sequence, the Fifteen puzzle, the fundamental theorem of arithmetic, the gambler's fallacy, the Goldbach conjecture, the golden section, the law of large numbers, the law of very large numbers, the long tail, the Menger sponge, the powertrain, the Recamán sequence, the Reuleux triangle, the Sierpinski carpet, tossing coins, transcendent numbers, Vedas, Vedic Mathematics, William Oughtred, Yupno, Zero Posted by Simon on April 1, 2019 https://astrofella.wordpress.com/2019/04/01/alexs-adventures-in-numberland-alex-bellos/	cc/2019-30/en_head_0039.json.gz/line602
__label__wiki	0.767928	0.767928	Premier - Get News & Ratings Daily Enter your email address below to get the latest news and analysts' ratings for Premier with our FREE daily email newsletter: Zacks Investment Research Lowers Premier (NASDAQ:PINC) to Hold Posted by Chris Copeland on Jul 13th, 2019 Zacks Investment Research downgraded shares of Premier (NASDAQ:PINC) from a buy rating to a hold rating in a research report report published on Wednesday morning, Zacks.com reports. According to Zacks, “Premier, Inc. operates as a healthcare alliance. The company brings together hospitals, health systems, physicians and other healthcare providers primarily in the United States. It also maintains clinical, financial and outcomes databases. Premier, Inc. is headquartered in Charlotte, North Carolina. “ Get Premier alerts: PINC has been the topic of several other reports. Svb Leerink downgraded Premier from an outperform rating to a market perform rating in a research note on Wednesday, April 10th. Guggenheim raised their price target on Zillow Group from $45.00 to $50.00 in a research note on Tuesday, June 18th. BidaskClub downgraded Xencor from a sell rating to a strong sell rating in a research note on Tuesday, June 11th. Leerink Swann downgraded Premier from an outperform rating to a market perform rating and set a $36.00 price target on the stock. in a research note on Wednesday, April 10th. Finally, Citigroup downgraded BCE from a buy rating to a neutral rating in a research note on Thursday, May 2nd. Ten analysts have rated the stock with a hold rating and five have issued a buy rating to the company. Premier has a consensus rating of Hold and an average price target of $43.45. Shares of PINC opened at $38.93 on Wednesday. The company’s fifty day simple moving average is $38.15. Premier has a 12 month low of $31.31 and a 12 month high of $47.22. The stock has a market cap of $4.98 billion, a P/E ratio of 16.90, a price-to-earnings-growth ratio of 1.33 and a beta of 0.35. Premier (NASDAQ:PINC) last issued its earnings results on Tuesday, May 7th. The company reported $0.66 EPS for the quarter, beating the consensus estimate of $0.61 by $0.05. Premier had a negative return on equity of 27.23% and a net margin of 21.50%. The business had revenue of $422.90 million for the quarter, compared to the consensus estimate of $432.94 million. During the same period last year, the business posted $0.67 EPS. The company’s revenue was down .6% compared to the same quarter last year. Research analysts forecast that Premier will post 2.45 earnings per share for the current year. In related news, SVP David Alfred Hargraves sold 1,037 shares of Premier stock in a transaction on Friday, June 14th. The stock was sold at an average price of $37.61, for a total transaction of $39,001.57. Following the transaction, the senior vice president now directly owns 10,024 shares in the company, valued at $377,002.64. The transaction was disclosed in a document filed with the Securities & Exchange Commission, which is available through the SEC website. Also, CFO Craig S. Mckasson sold 50,000 shares of Premier stock in a transaction on Wednesday, May 15th. The shares were sold at an average price of $37.54, for a total value of $1,877,000.00. Following the transaction, the chief financial officer now owns 135,709 shares in the company, valued at $5,094,515.86. The disclosure for this sale can be found here. Company insiders own 18.30% of the company’s stock. A number of hedge funds and other institutional investors have recently added to or reduced their stakes in the stock. BlackRock Inc. lifted its position in Premier by 5.8% during the fourth quarter. BlackRock Inc. now owns 2,501,972 shares of the company’s stock valued at $93,451,000 after purchasing an additional 137,075 shares in the last quarter. JPMorgan Chase & Co. lifted its position in Premier by 0.4% during the first quarter. JPMorgan Chase & Co. now owns 2,328,048 shares of the company’s stock valued at $80,294,000 after purchasing an additional 9,080 shares in the last quarter. Rice Hall James & Associates LLC lifted its position in Premier by 1.8% during the first quarter. Rice Hall James & Associates LLC now owns 2,179,537 shares of the company’s stock valued at $75,172,000 after purchasing an additional 38,104 shares in the last quarter. River Road Asset Management LLC lifted its position in Premier by 74.1% during the first quarter. River Road Asset Management LLC now owns 1,928,936 shares of the company’s stock valued at $66,529,000 after purchasing an additional 821,033 shares in the last quarter. Finally, APG Asset Management N.V. lifted its position in Premier by 14.4% during the fourth quarter. APG Asset Management N.V. now owns 1,921,700 shares of the company’s stock valued at $62,787,000 after purchasing an additional 241,900 shares in the last quarter. Institutional investors own 48.30% of the company’s stock. Premier, Inc, together with its subsidiaries, operates as a healthcare improvement company in the United States. The company operates through two segments, Supply Chain Services and Performance Services. The Supply Chain Services segment offers its members with access to a range of products and services, including medical and surgical products, pharmaceuticals, laboratory supplies, capital equipment, information technology, facilities and construction, and food and nutritional products, as well as purchased services, such as clinical engineering and document shredding services and software-as-a-service informatics products. Recommended Story: How Do Tariffs Affect Trade Balances? Get a free copy of the Zacks research report on Premier (PINC) For more information about research offerings from Zacks Investment Research, visit Zacks.com Receive News & Ratings for Premier Daily - Enter your email address below to receive a concise daily summary of the latest news and analysts' ratings for Premier and related companies with MarketBeat.com's FREE daily email newsletter.	cc/2019-30/en_head_0039.json.gz/line606
__label__wiki	0.622233	0.622233	An Interview with Alys Faiz On June 26, 2008 July 1, 2008 By bhupinder singhIn Urdu (Reproduced from The Dawn) Alys Faiz’s story is the story of a lifetime of commitment. From being a young woman who wanted to fight alongside the Republicans in the Spanish Civil War, she became the woman behind revolutionary poet Faiz Ahmed Faiz; Alys now finds herself still angry at the social injustice in the world, still fighting on behalf of the oppressed in her regular columns for Viewpoint and She, as well as in her work with the Human Rights Commission of Pakistan and other organisations. Alys campaigned for the Muslim Family Laws Ordinance in 1961 and for peace in the Gulf thirty years later, in 1991; Alys collected signatures for peace in 1952 and again for peace in Afghanistan in 1988. A single interview cannot possibly do justice to her extraordinary, varied and active life. Hers has above all been a challenging life, involving adaptation to an alien culture and society; living with a man whose greatness and political commitment led her to make huge personal sacrifices; carrying on his work in the loneliness of bereavement. Yet Alys Faiz has no regrets and prefers to tell of the difficult times via hilarious anecdotes, using her acting training to further liven up the store with mime and mimickery. The white hair and Alys’ claims that she is now ‘tired’ are deceptive: there is a quickness of eye and hand that betrays a wicked sense of humour, an eternally youthful streak and an obvious powerful personality. Undoubtedly, these were the characteristics, which have made her a survivor. Q. You’ve always been politically active. Was your family interested in politics? A. They were Conservatives. Q. So how did you end up a Communist? A. I didn’t end up; I began! I was always a bit of a loner. I used to like to go out for walks on my own on the weekends. And one fine day I found myself in Clerkenwell, where I saw Marx’s house. I went in and John Stratchey was lecturing on socialism or something. I sat down and listened. That was the beginning. Q. How old were you at the time? A. About 18. And then I joined the Party. Q. You joined straight away. A. No, no, I went to a rally. I’ve forgotten what kind of rally it was; and then I joined the Communist Party. Q. Was this the time of the Spanish Civil war? A. That was a little later. Q. How did that affect you? A. I used to go on all these demonstrations with Stephen Spender, Mulk Raj Anand. I wanted to go to Spain, but I was not allowed to. But Mulk Raj Anand went. Q. Were you ever involved in any underground activity? A. That was unnecessary. I did some illicit mailing for India. I got caught out because my typewriter was identified. There was a newsletter, Imprecor, the International Press Correspondent; it was banned in India – almost everything was banned in India. I used to send it to an address in South India and it would get to Taseer (Dr Taseer, married to Alys’ sister Chris). It was pretty harmless. Q. You had a lot of Indian friends. How did you meet them? A. They were all at Cambridge with Chris. Victor Kiernan, Taseer, Mulk Raj Anand. Then there was the Bengali crowd. Taseer and Dr Nazeer Ahmed used to come to our house. So my mother knew them. She was very tolerant in that way. She thought they were very colourful gentlemen! Then I started working for Krishna Menon in the India League. Q. Doing what? A. Addressing envelopes, keeping files of correspondence. Q. How big was the anti-colonial movement? A. I don’t know how big it was. They had a small office in the Strand. I used to be terrified of Krishna Menon: he was a terrifying person. As people got arrested in India, we used to make files on them – rigorous imprisonment. And I remember my friend Connie saying, ‘What is this ‘rigorous imprisonment’? They must mean ‘vigorous’ ’. So we started putting ‘vigorous’ on all the files. And, of course, he came down on us like a ton of bricks. Q. So you went to the subcontinent to stay with Chris for a while. How did you meet Faiz? A. We were in Amritsar then. Taseer was the Principal of the Mohammedan Anglo-Oriental (MAO) College. All the people that came to Taseer’s house were political people, writers and poets. They would gather on Friday nights, spend the night reciting poetry, discussing the whole night; bedding was spread in the drawing room. Q. It was quite a bohemian existence wasn’t it? A. No, it was an academic existence. Bohemian in the sense that people used to come and borrow kurta pyjamas, but that was part of the social life then. Our life may be bohemian by English standards, yes. But by Indian standards, it was just being welcoming. Q. And you met Faiz there? A. Faiz used to come to these gatherings and then we grew a little closer. He always called me ‘Ally’. We would sometimes go out walking in the evenings and read poetry; he would recite Shakespeare. I liked him. Q. Was it love at first sight for you? A. No, not at all. Q. When did you begin to realize that you were serious about him? A. I think when Taseer started objecting. At that time, Faiz’s family was very poor; they’d gone through the riches and there were a lot of people in the family he had to support. And they would not have wanted me to marry into such a family – they wanted a Chaudry who would bring in some land. Taseer thought I couldn’t pull through with that kind of family; that I would not be comfortable; that it would be a hard life. Q. How did your parents react to your wanting to marry Faiz? A. Well, when I wrote to them about it, I got a letter from my father: ‘What can we say? These are times of war and by now you must know your own mind, I’m sure. Go ahead and you have our blessings.’ Q. When did your family first meet Faiz? A. When they came here in 1947, for a year. They liked it. They were here for Christmas. My father had bought all the Christmas fare. The family cook, Barey Mian, had managed to prepare a turkey and Christmas pudding. We were just coming down to our meal, when in comes sister-in-law, brother-in-law, just to see what we were up to. Then they plonked themselves down. My parents didn’t like it one bit! They thought our privacy was intruded upon. The only thing that really shocked my father was that I had no money in my bank account. ‘You must learn to look after yourself more’, he said. Q. How did Faiz’s family react? A. They liked it, of course – all the young ones. Having an English Aunty was something of a status symbol, something different. When Faiz’s mother finally said ‘yes’, she was quite nice. Q. Did she take a long time to come around? A. It took a year and a half. We’d decided that we’d wait. Well, there were many offers for Faiz. He used to go and see the girls and come back and say, ‘She’s too fat… She’s got glasses’ and so on. Then one of his sisters, Maryam, took up my cause, ‘The boy’s unhappy and they’ll have lovely children.’ Q. Did your mother-in-law put any conditions to the marriage? A. Yes: that I should learn to read and say my namaz. That was quite exciting. I did it when I was expecting Cheemi – I had a mullah who used to come and turn all the pictures to the wall; and he taught me to read the Arabic prayer. The other condition was that I should become a Muslim at the marriage and should have an Islamic name. I was named Kulsoom. I would speak Urdu with her — what other means of communication did we have? Q. When did you learn Urdu? A. Faiz used to tell me, ‘you must learn the language as quickly as possible or you’ll be unhappy. You’ll always think people are talking about you’. I started learning it before I was married, when I was in Amritsar, staying wih Taseer. There was a Professor of History, Moebul Hassan. I started teaching him French and he began to teach Urdu. Q. Did you ever feel any hostility, towards you because of your nationality? A. Yes. We were living in a little flat in Delhi at the time. Tilly, the German wife of Dr Saleem-uz-Zaman, the scientist and I went out in a tonga. I was in my sari, and somebody threw a huge brick at us. It lodged in the framework of the tonga, otherwise it would have hit one of us and would have knocked us out. The army came to me — a sergeant in his shorts and red legs, and asked if I would like to go to the Fort for protection. I refused. I said ‘This is my home. I have my husband.’ Of course later, after Partition, when one used to go out, little boys would call out ‘Mem! Mem!’ But one gets used to it. Q. When you first married Faiz, what did you think your prospects would be? After all, he was poor, a poet. A. When we first married, it was quite difficult. He was earning 150 rupees as a teacher at the Hailey College of Commerce. Q. How did the war affect you personally? A. He joined the army. That was the time the Japanese were advancing; Calcutta was being bombed and the party took a decision… So then we went to Delhi and there I remember standing in the garden and one of our friends, Omer, came to me and said, ‘You’re a traitor. Why have you sent Faiz into the army?’ He was quite nasty. I didn’t even answer. I was terribly upset because some people didn’t understand the circumstances under which Faiz had gone into the army. Q. What was your wedding like? A. Taseer and Chris were in Srinagar – Taseer was the principal of the college there. It was obvious I was to be married there. Faiz came with a baraat; there were just three of them: Faiz, his brother and a member of the Communist party, Naeem. I saw him in Lucknow three years ago, at the mushaira in Faiz’s honour and he said to me ‘Only one of the members of the baraat is alive now!’ Q. Did you have a dowry? A. Yes, I had a lovely wedding sari — maroon and gold — for which my mother had sent the money from England. Salima has it now. She wears it on occasions. Faiz brought some suit; I wore it on the valima; red, typical Punjabi. Of course, it couldn’t have been too expensive — he didn’t have that much money. The wedding was lovely, because it was in the Queen’s summer palace. The wedding was conducted by Sheikh Abdullah; he and Taseer were great friends. I remember him standing there and he asked me in three different languages: English, Urdu, and I suppose, Kashmiri. The grandmother of these Rafi Peer boys was there and she said, ‘This is no marriage: there’s no bong, bong, bong!’ A huge dining table was spread with all this food and afterwards there was a mushaira; Josh was there. Q. How did Partition affect you? A. After that terrible massacre in Ramgarh, I went with Salima (and Moneeza her second daughter) to Simla. It was quite wretched to be separated from Faiz. I also worked in the refugee camps. Q. Faiz was Editor at The Pakistan Times. Were you also there? A. I worked from home. I was the original Aapa Jaan — the first children’s page in the country. And I also started a women’s page. Q. Any conflict with your boss? A. There was no question of a clash! Q. What was Faiz like to live with? A. Easy, disciplined. But it was difficult to live two lives – living with a poet, and also being a housewife and mother. Q. Did Faiz help you and your mother-in-law to adjust to each other? A. He used to say to me, ‘You can’t change my mother and she can’t change you. You both have to come to a meeting point, where you beg to differ’, and we did. Then I began to be able to joke in Urdu, and I used to make her laugh. . . Q. Then came Faiz’s arrest in the Rawalpindi conspiracy case in 1952. You were with two small children, no money, in a foreign country … How did it feel? A. Faiz was always telling me it was going to happen: ‘We’ll be fighting on the street corners…’ ‘Oh shut up’, I would say! We had some beer in our flat. Suddenly, we heard some knocking downstairs. I got up and went to see: there was this row of police. I said, ‘Faiz, there’s a lot of police here; it must be a raid. What could it be?’ I said, ‘We’ve got some beer.’ We were so stupid! We rushed around looking and found one bottle, but we couldn’t find the opener, and killed ourselves laughing, trying to open it on the doors. Anyway, we got it open and threw it down the commode, but there was no water! Finally I had to go down and let them in. They came up and stood around. How sorry I feel for the children. Moneeza couldn’t understand. Q. Did you ever regret your or Faiz’s commitment? A. No, I didn’t. We had political arguments, about certain attitudes… But we sorted them out. I would bear a grudge, resentment; Faiz wanted to accept. He would say you can’t blame them for what they did. Q. Did you ever despair? A. I cried sometimes, but I am a Brit. I mean, there’s something in your upbringing: you do have a lot of resilience and lots of courage. I was determined not to be embarrassed, belittled by these people. My salary was 420 rupees — char sau bis! I bought a bicycle and had a big straw hat and used to go along the Mall and Hall road. The policeman would stop all the traffic and wave me on. I became quite famous on the Mall. I didn’t despair; I don’t know… I used to feel frightened sometimes. Source: Dawn Technorati Tags: Urdu, Poetry, Faiz, Pakistan, India PakistanPoetryUrdu Why Marx supported Free Trade Tajmahal Ka Tender 3 thoughts on “An Interview with Alys Faiz” This is just wonderful – thank you! This one had to be there ! I especially liked the verve with which Alys speaks, particularly the bit about Faiz’s arrest at the time of the Rawalpindi Conspiracy Case 🙂 This is terrific. How lucky we are to have the words, sentiments and experiences of Alys Faiz shared by you here. Thank you.	cc/2019-30/en_head_0039.json.gz/line610
__label__cc	0.567558	0.432442	The Grand Canyon and the Age of the Earth Article contributed by Probe Ministries Visit Probe's website The Age Of The Earth And Genesis 1 How old is the earth? How long has this planet been here? Ask most Christians this question and you will likely receive a quick, self-assured answer. All would be well if you could count on receiving the same answer! However, some will very quickly tell you that the earth was created during creation week and can be no more than six to ten thousand years old. Other Christians will tell you, with just as much confidence, that the earth is 4.5 billion years old. This is no minor discrepancy! What adds even more to the confusion is the fact that you can find both opinions within conservative evangelical circles. You can even find both opinions within the ranks of the few Christian geologists with Ph.D.s! Let me assure you that this is just as confusing for me as it is for you. The age of the earth is a question both of biblical interpretation and scientific investigation. Unfortunately, neither Christian conservative Old Testament scholars nor Christian scientists are in universal agreement. This topic covers a broad spectrum of issues so I am going to try and narrow the focus of the discussion. I will first briefly discuss the biblical aspects of the question, then move on to geology, the flood, and the Grand Canyon. First, how do the "young-earth" and "old-earth" positions view the Scriptures? Let me emphasize right at the start that both young- earth and old-earth creationists bring a reverent and submissive attitude to Genesis. The difference is a matter of interpretation. Well-known young-earth creationists Henry Morris, Duane Gish, and Steve Austin, from the Institute for Creation Research, interpret the days of Genesis 1 as literal 24-hours days, the genealogies of Genesis 5 and 11 as consecutive or nearly consecutive generations, and the flood as a universal, catastrophic event. This leaves little room for much more than ten to thirty thousand years as the true age of the earth. Old earth creationists such as astronomer Hugh Ross of Reasons to Believe see the days of Genesis as long periods of time, perhaps even millions of years. Genesis 1, then, describes the unfolding of God's creation through vast periods of time. God still does the work, it is still a miracle, but it takes a lot longer than seven days. The flood of Noah necessarily becomes a local event with little impact on world-wide geology. Other old-earth creationists simply suggest that what is communicated in Genesis 1 is a literary form of the ancient Near East describing a perfect creation. Genesis 1 was never intended to communicate history, at least in their view. Personally, my sympathies lie with a Genesis interpretation that is historical, literal, and with 24-hour days in the recent past. But the testimony of science, God's natural revelation, is often difficult to correlate with this view. The earth has many layers of sediments thousands of feet thick. How could one year-long catastrophe account for all this sediment? The answers may surprise you! The Grand Canyon The Grand Canyon is almost three hundred miles long, a mile deep, and four to twelve miles across. One's first view of the Grand Canyon is a humbling experience. You truly have to see it to believe it. I was mesmerized and could hardly contain my excitement when I caught my first glimpse of the canyon. I was there to partake in a six-day geology hike into the canyon with the Institute for Creation Research, a young-earth creationist organization. ICR believes that the strata, the layers of rock in the Grand Canyon, were primarily formed during Noah's flood perhaps only five thousand years ago. Most geologists, including Christian old-earth creationists, believe that the strata were laid down over hundreds of millions of years. What better way, then, to equip myself for the study of the earth's age, than to spend nine days around the Grand Canyon (six of them in it) with ICR geologist, physicists, and biologists. ICR has been conducting these tours for over ten years, so everything runs extremely well. Though I was a member of a hiking group, they also sponsored a group going down the Colorado River in rafts and a group touring the whole area by bus. All were accompanied by ICR scientists. Each day we received mini-lectures from the leaders as we broke for lunch or at points of interest along the trail. Topics included the sudden appearance of fossils, the complexity of the earliest canyon fossils such as the trilobites, the age of the earth's magnetic fields, the role of continental drift in the onset of the flood, where does the ice age fit into a young-earth model, water- canopy theories, carbon-14 dating, and the dating of the Grand Canyon basalts (rock layers derived from ancient lava flows). We examined many evidences for rapid formation of rock layers, which is essential to the young-earth model. We spent nearly two hours at the Great Unconformity between the Tapeats Sandstone, which is dated at about 500 million years old, and the Hakatai Shale, which is dated at about 1.5 billion years old. These two formations were formed nearly one billion years apart in time, yet one lies right on top of the other. Nearly a billion years is missing between them! The night before entering the canyon for the hike, I wrote these words in my journal: If these strata are the result of Noah's flood and the canyon carved soon afterward, the canyon stands as a might testament to God's power, judgment, and grace. Even if not, what a wonderful world our Lord has sculpted for us to inhabit. His love is bigger than I can grasp, bigger--infinitely bigger--than even the Grand Canyon! Evidence Of Noah's Flood In The Grand Canyon One of the more obvious formations in the Grand Canyon is the Coconino Sandstone. This prominent formation is found only a few hundred feet below the rim of the canyon and forms one of the many cliffs in the canyon. Its distinctive yellow cream color makes it look like a thick layer of icing between two cake layers. Evolutionary geologists have described this sandstone as originating from an ancient desert. Remnants of sand dunes can be seen in many outcrops of the formation in a phenomenon called cross-bedding. There are many footprints found in this sandstone that have been interpreted as lizards scurrying across the desert. These footprints would seem to pose a major challenge to young- earth geologists who need to explain this formation in the context of Noah's flood. Since there are many flood-associated layers both above and below this sandstone, there is no time for a desert to form in the middle of Noah's flood. Recent investigations, however, have revealed that the cross-bedding can be due to underwater sand dunes and that some footprints are actually better explained by amphibians moving across sandy-bottomed shallow water. Perhaps this formation can be explained by sand deposited under water. This explanation does not entirely solve the young-earth geologists' problem, because it is still difficult to determine where the amphibians came from and how they could be crawling around in shallow waters on top of sediments that would have to be deposited halfway through a world-wide catastrophic flood. But let's go on to another flood evidence. Earlier, I mentioned the Great Unconformity. This can be observed throughout the Grand Canyon where the Tapeats Sandstone, a Cambrian formation estimated to be 570 million years old, rests on top of any one of a number of Precambrian strata ranging from one to two billion years old. Our group observed a location in the Unconformity where the time gap between the two layers is estimated to be one billion years. It is very unusual, even for evolutionary geology, for two layers from periods so far apart, in this case one billion years, to be right on top of one another. It is hard to imagine that no sediments were deposited in this region for over a billion years! Evolutionary geologists believe that the upper sandstone was deposited over hundreds of thousands of years in a marine environment. However, we observed large rocks and boulders from a neighboring formation mixed into the bottom few feet of the Tapeats Sandstone. This indicates tremendous wave violence capable of tearing off these large rocks and transporting them over a mile before being buried. This surely fits the description of a flood rather than slow deposition. We spent nearly two hours at this location and we were all quite impressed with the clear evidence of catastrophic origin of the Tapeats Sandstone. That the Coconino Sandstone likely had a water-deposited origin and that the Tapeats Sandstone was laid down in a great cataclysm are necessary elements for a young-earth flood geology scenario for the Grand Canyon. The Erosion And Formation Of The Grand Canyon Perhaps one of the most interesting questions about the Grand Canyon is how it was cut out of rock in the first place. The answer to this question has a lot to do with how old the canyon is supposed to be. The puzzling factor about the Grand Canyon is that the Colorado River cuts directly through an uplifted region called the Kaibab Upwarp. Normally a river would be expected to flow towards lower elevation, but the Colorado has cut right through an elevated region rather than going around it. The explanation you will still find in the National Park literature is that the Colorado began to cut the Grand Canyon as much as 70 million years ago, before the region was lifted up. As the uplift occurred, the Colorado maintained its level by cutting through the rock layers as they were lifted up. Thus the Grand Canyon was cut slowly over 70 million years! In recent years, however, evolutionary geologists as well as old-earth creationists have abandoned this scenario because it just isn't supported by the evidence. A major reason is that even at the present rate of erosion in the Grand Canyon, it would take as little as 71,000 years to erode the amount of rock currently missing from the Grand Canyon. Also, all of the sediment that would have to be eroded away during 70 million years has not been located. And lastly, evolutionists' own radiometric dates of some of the surrounding formations indicate that the Colorado River has been in its present location for less than five million years. Some old-earth geologists have tentatively adopted a new theory that requires a few rather strange twists. This theory suggests that the Colorado River flowed through the area of the Grand Canyon only recently. The Colorado originally was forced in the opposite direction of its current flow by the Kaibab Upwarp and actually flowed southeast toward the Gulf of Mexico. This ancestral Colorado River may have occupied the course of what is now the Little Colorado River, only in the opposite direction of its current course. This theory further suggests that about five million years ago a westward-flowing stream began to erode, upstream or towards the east, over what is today the Grand Canyon, through the Upwarp and capturing the ancestral Colorado River! If this sounds a little fantastic to you, you're probably right. In a recent volume on the Grand Canyon, a geologist, while maintaining this theory to be solid, admits a lack of hard data and that what evidence there is, is circumstantial. Into this controversy step the young-earth creationists, who need to explain how the Grand Canyon was formed, strata and all, in less than 5,000 years. They suggest, quite reasonably I think, that the canyon was formed when the Kaibab Upwarp acted as a dam for three lakes occupying much of Utah, Colorado, and northern Arizona. These lakes catastrophically broke through the Upwarp, and the Grand Canyon was cut out of solid rock by the drainage of these lakes through this breach in the dam. A small canyon was formed this way recently as a result of the eruption of Mount St. Helens. Grand Coulee in Washington state was formed when an ice dam broke at the end of the Ice Age. This breached-dam theory answers a lot of questions the old-earth theories do not, and it needs to be considered. Uncertainties Of Dating The Grand Canyon I have noted that old-earth creationists believe that the Grand Canyon strata were formed over hundreds of millions of years and that the canyon itself was carved out in less than five million years. Young-earth creationists, on the other hand, believe that the strata of the canyon were formed as a result of Noah's flood and that the canyon was carved out catastrophically less than five thousand years ago. A critical question to ask is, how can we know how old the rocks in the Grand Canyon really are? The usual solution is to date the rocks by radiometric dating methods, which are supposed to be capable of dating rocks billions of years old. Rocks of volcanic origin are the best ones to use in dating rocks this way, since radiometric elements are plentiful in them. The Grand Canyon has volcanic rocks near the bottom and at the top. ICR has been involved in a project over the last several years to date these volcanic rocks. Their results not only call into question the age of the Grand Canyon but also the reliability of radiometric dating. The youngest rocks in the Grand Canyon are recognized by all to be volcanic rocks in western Grand Canyon that flowed from the top of and into the canyon. The oldest rocks that have been dated are volcanic rocks called the Cardenas Basalt, a Precambrian formation near the bottom of the canyon. The rubidium- strontium method, however, has dated the Cardenas basalt at one billion years and the lava flow on top of the canyon at 1.3 billion years. This is clearly impossible! Rocks on the bottom of the canyon are 300 million years younger than very recent rocks on the very top of the canyon! These dates were obtained by ICR from samples they sent to several independent dating labs. Something is amiss, either in the interpretation of the rocks, the dating methods, or both. As we have seen, ICR scientists have come a long way in showing that many of the Grand Canyon strata could have formed rapidly, that erosion of the canyon by the Colorado River has not been going on for tens of millions of years, and that there are significant problems with the dating of the canyon. However, there are still significant questions that remain to be answered if the young-earth model is to be taken seriously by old- earth geologists. For example, why are there no vertebrates among the fossils of the ocean floor communities of the Grand Canyon strata when vertebrates inhabit today's ocean floors? How did the many different kinds of sediments in the Grand Canyon (limestones, sandstones, shales, mudstones, siltstones, etc.) find their way to Northern Arizona as a result of one catastrophe and become so neatly stratified with little mixing? I raise these questions only to indicate that there is much work to be done. I also want you to realize that when someone asks me whether the flood of Noah created the Grand Canyon, I have to say that I don't know. And that's okay! The creation was a real historical event, Adam and Eve were real people, and the flood of Noah was real history as well. But finding the physical signs of these events can be tricky business. We need to encourage scientific investigation from both a young-and old-earth perspective because the testimony of God's word and His revelation from nature will ultimately be in harmony. It may just be hard to discern what that harmony is right now. ©1993 Probe Ministries The original version of this article is found at www.probe.org/the-grand-canyon-and-the-age-of-the-earth/. Articles and answers on lots of topics at Probe.org. Related Topics: Creation, Evolution Ray Bohlin Raymond G. Bohlin is Vice President of Vision Outreach for Probe Ministries and holds a Ph.D. in molecular and cell biology from the University of Texas at Dallas. Dr. Bohlin was born and raised in Chicago, IL and is also a graduate of the University of Illinois (B.S., zoology), the University of No... More	cc/2019-30/en_head_0039.json.gz/line611
__label__cc	0.526224	0.473776	by Mazars SPONSORED Corporate governance is rarely out of the business headlines. In spite of 25 years of an evolving corporate governance framework for UK-listed companies, in the wake of any high-profile collapse or breach, the finger of blame inevitably tends to etch out terms such as “management failure”, “domineering bosses” or “toxic company culture”. Before Cadbury, boards were regarded as little more than clubs, and the feeling was that directors need do little more than present themselves at meetings. Early last year, the UK’s department for business, energy and industrial strategy issued a green paper: Corporate Governance Reform, highlighting the British prime minister’s stakeholder agenda and prompting a consultation exercise in executive pay and employee engagement. Last December (2017), the Financial Reporting Council (FRC) brought out proposed revisions to the UK Corporate Governance Code, which it oversees, with an aim to simplify and make the code fit for purpose for the next 25 years. Hit refresh One of the FRC’s key considerations was to attain an appropriate balance between principles, provisions and guidance, while retaining the code’s perceived strengths—particularly its “comply or explain” approach. A refreshed code will help promote continued improvements in the quality of governance, the FRC argues, while adapting to changes in the social and economic climate. In one sense, the newly drafted code is a much-needed edit. “The UK Corporate Governance Code had revision laid on revision and was getting longer and more complex,” says Anthony Carey, UK head of board practice at Mazars. “The new draft is more concise and much better designed, so as to highlight key issues—sharpening focus on long-term success and reinforcing the role of stakeholders.” There are also important updates that reflect greater awareness of issues such as diversity, he adds. Boards, when properly focused on this, will tend to evolve so that they mirror the ethnic and gender make-up of their own companies, and “utilise all the talent that is available to them,” explains Carey. Comply or explain Importantly, the FRC’s updated code will retain one of Sir Adrian Cadbury’s most significant innovations—comply or explain. Carey believes that in the UK, comply or explain works satisfactorily as long as it is used responsibly. “Among large, listed companies, most comply with provisions fully or ‘explain’ with regard to just one or two provisions,” he says. “It is important, when companies choose to explain, that they make clear how they are applying the principle, the reason for the departure and whether it is likely to be temporary or not.” To provide a wider, European perspective, a survey carried out by Mazars and ecoDa—the European Confederation of Directors’ Associations—has found that out of 137 EU-listed companies, 59% make use of the flexibility offered by comply or explain, while the remaining 41% choose to comply in full. Of those that opt to comply, 44% do so because they believe all code provisions are relevant to their business objectives. Interestingly, comments from respondents suggest that explanations are not necessarily well received by the wider stakeholder community, suggesting that comply or explain may be a mixed blessing. The survey found that only 30% of companies involve shareholders in the development of a corporate governance framework… “The ‘explain’ element is not taken up by the outside world as being valid, compared to a ‘comply’,” said one. “On the contrary, it is always referred to as ‘not compliance, not respecting the code’, while the intention was to allow deviation if justified.” According to the survey, the majority of “explainers” say they use explanations to elaborate mainly on board membership issues, such as the length of service of non-executive directors or their representation on remuneration committees. Length of service and degree of participation are crucial issues. Before Cadbury, boards were regarded as little more than clubs, and the feeling was that directors need do little more than present themselves at meetings. Post-Cadbury, the modern board has evolved, but a framework to deter long tenures and to promote active participation in the issues of the business remains important. “Traditionally, in the UK, the issue normally arises in the context of directors having served on the board for more than nine years,” says Carey. “If you combine a board that is not engaged with long-serving non-executives or with boards where members have served together for too long a time, board effectiveness will be challenged,” he adds. For boards to be effective, engagement on both an individual and a collective level—or how well they bring their collective experience and expertise to bear—are vital, Carey explains. That will include how well the board provides both challenge and support to the executive team. Perceptions of independence are important, he says, particularly when it comes to complying with provisions within the code. However, independence of mind is really critical. “Board members must have the courage to ask difficult questions in a constructive manner,” Carey says. Governance frameworks Delving into the reporting of a business’s corporate governance framework, the Mazars and ecoDa survey found that only 30% of companies involve shareholders in the development of a corporate governance framework, a considerable shortcoming if you consider that frameworks are supposed to reflect a company’s strategic direction and industry parameters. Of those companies that do involve shareholders, 52% said shareholder discussion did not result in any amendments to frameworks, and major amendments were made in only 14% of cases. In today’s environment, Cadbury would likely want to see boards focused on promoting long-term sustainable success as a priority. The Cadbury Report of 1992 and the adaptations that followed in the quarter-century since then have fostered an evolution in terms of board composition and performance. Corporate collapses and scandals still take place, however, and, given the sheer heft of some of the world’s listed companies today, the ramifications can be considerable. The collapse of large banks argues the point forcefully, as does the loss of a retail or a construction giant. So it is understandable that the FRC or national governments might argue there is more to be done. In today’s environment, Cadbury would likely want to see boards focused on promoting long-term sustainable success as a priority, Carey suggests, with an emphasis on making sure that they operate effectively in practice and do not just look good on paper. Disclosures in the annual report, he says, should provide the starting point for effective engagement by leading investors with the board. A continually evolving corporate governance framework, with a strong focus on the stewardship code for investors as well as the national governance code, should assist in clarifying how this objective can be achieved. This article has been prepared in collaboration with Mazars, a supporter of Board Agenda. Cadbury Report, comply or explain, corporate governance, ecoDa, Financial Reporting Council, mazars, UK Corporate Governance Code Ex-Carillion chairman takes ‘full responsibility’ as directors grilled Philip Green admits responsibility for Carillion's insolvency, as former directors face tough questions from MPs in committee hearing. Legal and regulatory roundup Legal and regulatory news from around the globe: Shareholder Rights Directive, payment practices, watchdog's request for new powers, and risk and due diligence. Country profile: Sweden Being a rural nation by no means equates to low progress. Sweden’s major industries are at the helm of sustainability. But its liberal and progressive outlook is being tested, with anti-immigration policies front and centre of election discussions.	cc/2019-30/en_head_0039.json.gz/line612
__label__wiki	0.646743	0.646743	Twitter \| Facebook La Vie des Idées Essay Economy Why Financial Crises Give Birth to Legends by Nathan Marcus , 31 August 2012 Download MOBI In our haste to explain away the 2008 crisis, we have tended to put all the blame on bankers and regulators. This simplification, while soothing, might be just as misguided as Germans’ or Austrians’ tendency in the 1920s and 1930s to put the blame on France and Britain for their economic difficulties, or later for World War Two. Crises are the stuff of legend, but we should find other ways to cope with them. Each week, the popular U.S. series Mad Men, which has been flickering over our TV screens for several years now, begins with the shadow of the show’s main character falling endlessly down the glitzy façade of a 1960s office building on New York’s Madison Avenue. The meme of men in suits falling through the air against the backdrop of New York’s skyscrapers is etched into our visual memories since the tragic pictures broadcast all over the world on 11 September 2001. But the makers of Mad Men are certainly not drawing any anachronistic connection between the advertising world of the 1960s and modern-day terrorism. Rather, the falling shadow of the show’s protagonist conveys the consequences of his moral failures by drawing an analogy to the score of bankers who, having gambled away their own and other people’s savings before the 1929 Wall Street crisis, committed suicide by jumping out of a window. The truth is, however, that just one such suicide actually occurred, followed by the similar jump to death of a cleaning lady. The erroneous but widely held belief that bankers jumped to their deaths goes back to the sketch of a stand-up comedian, who joked following the crash of the New York Stock Exchange in 1929 that bankers were lining up to get to the window. Even though there was no mass suicide and no jumpy bankers, the makers of Mad Men show us that the joke has become a widely recognized contemporary legend. And it is by far not the only example of a financial crisis giving birth to legends that become ingrained in popular consciousness. In Germany, for example, people strongly believe that at the height of hyperinflation in 1923, workers returned home with their daily salary piled up in wheelbarrows, which were worth more than their pay-check. But apart from a staged picture of a well-dressed man presenting a pile of banknotes in a wheel-barrow, there is no proof or testimony of this ever happening. Convenient Explanations The reason for the longevity of such contemporary legends is their ability to explain the world we live in. Thereby they help create solidarity and social cohesion, and provide legitimacy to social institutions and practices. A famous example is the legend that sprang up following the French Revolution (amidst another financial crisis), according to which Marie-Antoinette commended the hungry masses to eat cake. No record exists of her heartless advice and historians are convinced it was never uttered, but the legend endures because it helps express and reify the antagonism that existed between the common people and French aristocracy. Marie-Antoinette’s lack of empathy towards her subjects helped justify the beheading of her family and gave sense to the brutal means by which the monarchical order was overthrown in France. Much research has gone into explaining the origins of the French Revolution, but for most people it still boils down to the understandable action of hungry masses fed-up with an indifferent aristocracy that lived in luxury. Similarly, the German hyperinflation of 1923 or the crash on Wall Street in 1929 had multiple and unrelated causes, but to many it made sense to believe that the fault simply lay with irresponsible bankers. Because financial crises are by their very nature esoteric, but have a very real and direct impact on the life of almost everyone, they are prone to generate multiple explanatory accounts. Trying to make sense of what is happening around them, people are less interested in discovering the truth, and more interested in finding an explanation that will give legitimacy to their own personal views and choices. Good examples of this are the incoherent explanations for a series of financial crises that hit Austria in the 1920s. It was in Austria that hyperinflation struck first. This country was also the first to undergo a prolonged period of economic reconstruction through austerity, and then the first European country to experience a financial crisis in 1931. Hit hard by hyperinflation, austerity and the 1931 collapse, Austria’s citizens sought explanations to make sense of what was happening. Often, the explanation that stuck was wrong, but it helped legitimize political, social and economic practices in the eyes of those experiencing the crises. The Austrian Case Austrian hyperinflation, which helped eliminate the country’s war-debt, destroyed much of the middle class’ savings. It resulted from an enormous budget deficit and the printing of new notes. What determined the rate of inflation were public expectations, which in the early 1920s were dominated by uncertainty about the future. It is commonly believed that hyperinflation ended in August 1922 when Austrian Chancellor Ignaz Seipel left for a whirlwind tour of European capitals, threatening to unite helpless Austria with the bigger Germany. Allegedly, this threat frightened the French into action and Austria was placed on the agenda at the League of Nations, changing public expectations and putting an end to the rising prices. The truth is, however, that the risk of hyperinflation lingered on until December, pending the League’s introduction of a new regime of austerity and reforms. Still, the legend went that Seipel’s wily tour saved Austria from collapse stuck and he was soon called the savior of his country, because in the eyes of many Austrians, this was preferable to giving the credit to an international body dominated by their former enemies. The Austrian reconstruction period that followed engendered its own legends, too. Initial euphoria and a massive inflow of capital fueled a bubble on the Vienna Stock Exchange, which burst in 1924. It left in its wake a series of bankruptcies and shaky financial institutions and destroyed foreign confidence in Austria’s economic future. This translated into the lack of long term capital available to Austria from abroad, and Austrian banks and industries had to rely on expensive short-term funding to finance their businesses. Disagreement over monetary policy between the Austrian National Bank and the Bank of England gave rise to the claim that the British were to blame for the lack of long-term capital, by issuing a credit-embargo on Austria. This allegation was widely reported in the Viennese press and England blamed for much of the country’s economic woes—a counterfactual explanation still to be found in many a history book unto this day. But the truth is that, while the Bank of England tried to minimize foreign loans in preparation of Sterling’s return to gold in 1924, there never was an embargo on private lending to Austrian banks. Similarly, the collapse of the Viennese Credit-Anstalt bank in May 1931, probably the most infamous of Austrian financial crises during the interwar, created another legend—this one of global proportions. Since no foreign help was available, the bank had to be bailed out, which emptied the public coffers. When in July banks began failing in Germany and then Britain faced a run on Sterling in August, the Austrian authorities had no funds to prop up the Austrian currency to preserve gold convertibility, leaving them no choice but to introduce capital controls. The chronological sequence of events, from the Credit-Anstalt collapse in May to the end of the gold-exchange standard in September, gave rise to the legend that the Austrian crisis had triggered the Great Depression in Europe. Although the truth of the matter is that the Credit-Anstalt crisis was successfully contained and far too small to cause a global crisis, the collapse of Austria’s largest bank is still widely believed to have set off the economic calamity of the 1930s. [1] Creditanstalt note The spillover from popular lore into historiography is only possible because these legends were considered true by contemporaries, who plotted them down all over diaries, memoirs, diplomatic correspondence and the press. Rigorous historical research may prove them wrong, but the legends will live on because they are not merely historiographical mishaps, but in fact support a narrative everyone wanted and continues to want to believe in. The modern-day misconception of the Austrian interwar reiterates contemporaries’ fixation on France and Britain as the powerful victors. Thus hyperinflation was only terminated by provoking France into action, the Bank of England suffocated the Austrian economy through its credit-embargo, and the Credit-Anstalt collapse triggered the Great Depression because France and Britain would offer no help. At the same time, the narrative conserves Austria’s position of importance on the stage of world-affairs, despite having been reduced to a tiny republic. Dissected to its core, the narrative blames the victors for ignoring Austria’s global importance and provoking not only the Great Depression but also World War II. Bankers: Still the Focus of Public Attention Of course, it is still too early to predict what contemporary legends our current crisis will stir up, but it might help to look at the most common explanations being put forward today. A recent academic paper by Andrew W. Lo reviewed more than twenty books published on the crisis, giving us an idea of how economists and journalists are making sense of it. There seems to be very little consensus, but three major strands of explanation can be identified. First, that investors placed too much trust in the efficiency or honesty of financial markets. Second, that the annual bonuses earned by professionals on Wall Street created short-term incentives to choose quick profits over prudent investing, a problem that was exacerbated by a lack of regulation, regulatory capture and greed. [2] Third, that global imbalances, lax regulations and massive international capital flows caused large banks to increase their leverage to a level at which they could no longer cope with financial crises, often under the belief that they would be bailed out should crisis strike. What all three strands have in common is that they place the blame on bankers for acting erroneously, be it due to ignorance, greed or simply because they needed to survive. Through their focus on bankers, the various explanations match the more popular accounts about the crisis, such as Matt Taibbi’s reports published by Rolling Stone, which particularly blamed Goldman-Sachs. [3] According to Taibbi, Goldman-Sachs generated the housing crisis for its own profit, ripping of customers and tax-payers alike. In the process, Goldman shortened the very products it sold to hedge-funds, a fact Taibbi equates with financial fraud. Finally, the vast network of Goldmanites in government and regulatory bodies helps the bank escape punishment and manipulate regulation. As Megan McArdle argues in The Atlantic, such simplifications are not necessarily wrong, they are just not complex enough to capture the complicated nature of the truth. Taibbi’s accounts create the stuff of future legends because they are easy enough to understand and because they convey the sorts of truths people want to believe in, even if they remain incoherent and conspiratorial. Taibbi and others are putting the blame on bankers much the way Austrians blamed the British and the French—exporting the crux of the problem outside their own domain. Of course, blaming foreigners is not the same as blaming bankers, but the difference here is instructive. Austrians put the blame on the French and British, because the latter had won the war and gained from it in territory and power. Similarly, we blame bankers, who appear to be the only ones to profit from the crisis and come out of it unscathed. In both cases, there is more than just a bit of jealousy. In Europe, it is quite common to simply put the entire blame on the U.S. and its unrestrained form of capitalism, but given the effect of the crisis on society at large, should we not be questioning the system instead of looking for scapegoats? Our focus on bankers and regulators is just as misguided as the enduring legend of jumpy bankers, which allowed Americans to cope with the harsh consequences of the Great Depression. Reducing the problem to the actions of greedy bankers helps preserve social cohesion and allows the capitalist system we live in to endure. It exonerates us from our own responsibility to act and allows us to continue living in peace within our present economic framework. But perhaps we ought to ask how come financial markets, banks and regulators possess such destructive power over each and every one of us in the first place. Instead, our failure to do so guarantees that incoherent explanations will continue to find their way into the future historiography of our current crisis, much akin to the joke about a banker, who paid with his life for the crisis of 1929 by jumping out of a window on Wall Street. by Nathan Marcus, 31 August 2012 Find us here : Sign up and receive our weekly newsletter for free: To quote this article : Nathan Marcus, « Why Financial Crises Give Birth to Legends », Books and Ideas , 31 August 2012. ISSN : 2105-3030. URL : http://www.booksandideas.net/Why-Financial-Crises-Give-Birth-to.html If you want to discuss this essay further, you can send a proposal to the editorial team (redaction at laviedesidees.fr). We will get back to you as soon as possible. Get Yourself Into Debt! by Nicolas Delalande, 4 October 2011 The American Dream and Consumer Credit History and America’s Great Recession by Adam Tooze, 25 November 2013 The American debate over the current crisis offers different attitudes... Economics: a Cure for Pessimism by Emmanuel Bétry, 22 December 2011 In a book devoted to economic anxieties in France, two economists well... Protectionism as Internationalist Liberalism by David Todd, 17 January 2012 Birth and Spread, 1789-1914 [1] A thesis most prominently defended by Charles P. Kindleberger, in A Financial History of Western Europe Francis & Taylor, 2006, or Barry Eichengreen, in Golden Fetters, Oxford University Press, 1992. [2] On the thorny question of exeecutives’ salaries, see Claire Célérier, “How Should Executives Be Paid?," Books and Ideas, 13 March 2012. [3] Matt Taibbi, “The People vs. Goldman Sachs,” Rolling Stone, 11 May 2011. The End of the Traditional Art Gallery? (Part Two) The World Social Forum Challenge Muslim Castes in India Benefits and costs of free trade for less developed countries Is There a Difference Between Passive and Active Euthanasia? 1939-1945: The Germans exterminate the Jews Is representative democracy really democratic ? © laviedesidees.fr - Any replication forbidden without the explicit consent of the editors. - Mentions légales - webdesign : Abel Poucet	cc/2019-30/en_head_0039.json.gz/line613
__label__wiki	0.915957	0.915957	‘SpongeBob SquarePants’ to close on Sept. 16 ClosingSpongeBob SquarePants Caitlin Huston - July 8, 2018 "SpongeBob SquarePants" will end its run on Sept. 16 due to previously planned renovations at the Palace Theatre, according to the press release. Upon closing,... ‘SpongeBob SquarePants’ leads Outer Critics Circle nominations AwardsSpongeBob SquarePants Caitlin Huston - April 24, 2018 “SpongeBob SquarePants” leads the 2017-2018 Outer Critics Circle list with 11 nominations. “Harry Potter and the Cursed Child” followed with 10 nominations and “My Fair... All ‘SpongeBob’ songwriters will be eligible for a Tony Award Tony AwardsSpongeBob SquarePants Caitlin Huston - January 25, 2018 The Tony Award for best original score could go to more than a dozen artists for the same musical. In its second meeting, the Tony... Review: ‘SpongeBob SquarePants’ is far from ‘a simple sponge’ ReviewSpongeBob SquarePants Elizabeth Bradley - December 4, 2017 A new kind of cockeyed optimist has arrived at the Palace Theatre in the form of SpongeBob SquarePants, the indefatigably cheery anthropomorphic hero of... How ‘SpongeBob SquarePants’ created its rap, pop and gospel score CreativeSpongeBob SquarePants Caitlin Huston - November 30, 2017 In the “SpongeBob SquarePants” universe, a pineapple, a sponge and a squirrel coexist under the sea. To create a theatrical version of this illogical... Caitlin Kinnunen & Stars of The Prom Offer a Moving Performance of ‘Unruly Heart’ on The Late Show TVSpongeBob SquarePants Broadway.com - May 21, 2019 The Prom is spreading its message of love and acceptance across America. Stars of the seven-time Tony-nominated musical stopped by The Late Show with... The SpongeBob Musical National Tour to Play Boston, Nashville, and Philadelphia TourSpongeBob SquarePants Playbill - May 21, 2019 The Broadway musical features a score by Aerosmith, Cyndi Lauper, John Legend, Sara Bareilles, Panic! At the Disco, and David Bowie. THE SPONGEBOB MUSICAL Announces Full List of Tour Stops TourSpongeBob SquarePants Broadway World - May 21, 2019 The full list of cities has been announced for the upcoming North American Tour of Nickelodeon's THE SPONGEBOB MUSICAL. This explosively imaginative production will... SpongeBob SquarePants: The Musical Ends Broadway Run September 16 ClosingSpongeBob SquarePants Playbill - September 16, 2018 The high-profile production attracted some of the biggest names in the music industry to contribute original songs for its score. Christina Sajous Joins Broadway’s SpongeBob SquarePants July 24 CastingSpongeBob SquarePants Playbill - July 24, 2018 The Broadway alum takes on the role of Sandy Cheeks, replacing Lilli Cooper.	cc/2019-30/en_head_0039.json.gz/line615
__label__wiki	0.587314	0.587314	WNMC.19 panel: 'AI is not a tech trend anymore' The News Labs and Innovation session at the World News Media Congress in Glasgow explored the most pressing topics in the media innovation scene today: AI, machine learning and voice. “Innovation”: the word is on everyone’s lips – but few actually practice it in their day-to-day jobs. The News Labs and Innovation session at the World News Media Congress was an opportunity to hear from leading professionals in the front lines of news innovation. Read on to find out how leading experts in the innovation community are approaching AI, machine learning and voice in their organisations. Car – the new distribution network As autonomous driving becomes a reality, it will completely change what users expect from their cars. This will force car manufacturers to radically rethink their products, said Frédéric Sitterlé, Director of Development at Groupe Challenges. “In the future, you will not choose your car based on its horsepower. You will choose your car based on the experience it delivers,” he said. “A car manufacturer will need to provide something more than empty boxes on wheels.” If car makers fail to do this, other industries will be ready come in and offer their services to enhance the driverless on-board experience, Sitterlé said. “It's a choice between an Apple-like destiny, or becoming the Foxconn of the automotive industry.” As more and more people will be able to enjoy autonomous driving in the future, it will create entirely new media consumption opportunities. “That will provide hours and hours of available attention, which we in the media can use it to provide value.“ This is why Groupe Renault invested in Groupe Challenges, a French magazine publisher: together with Publicis Groupe, a French communications company, they are building Augmented Editorial Experience (AEX), an initiative that aims to create a new distribution network for the autonomous on-board experience. The first prototype of AEX was introduced last year at the Paris Motor Show. AEX is being created following a few leading principles: first, the on-board experience should be based on premium content: “It is all about knowledge and content that makes you grow,” Sitterlé said. Second, the experience it offers should be contextualised and personalised based on the people in the car, the environment and the time of the day. Third, the product should have a deep support of voice commands (“the best way to interact with the system”). Finally, the experience shouldn’t be limited to the car, but should accompany the user before, during and after the drive, thanks to integration with their smartphones. “Car is becoming something positive again: sustainable, easy to use, and thanks to AEX, it helps you learn when you travel,” Sitterlé concluded. Understanding Voice, the New York Times way The R&D lab of the New York Times has gone through multiple iterations over the years. Lately it has focused on near-term innovations and their impact on news consumption. “We look at what's happening 2–3 years into the future, and make sure we make prototypes that are actionable for the organisation,” said Kourtney Bitterly, R&D Lead at the Times. The rapid rise of smart speakers, especially in the US, has lead the lab to investigate how people use these devices, and what new opportunities the medium could offer for content. “We do design-thinking research,” Bitterly said. “We spend a lot of time with people in their homes, interviewing and observing them.” For the project on smart speakers, the team conducted in-depth interviews with close to 25 people. One finding that arose from the interviews was that many smart speaker users saw the device as a way for them to mediate their use of technology, Bitterly said. “People said that phones beg for attention, but with smart speakers they felt like they have more control over tech in their lives.” Based on the lab’s observations, peoples’ use of smart speakers tends to fall in three modes: Ambient (playing music or podcasts) Assistive (asking for flash briefings or weather reports) Captive (activity that requires full attention – popular especially among children, who listen to stories and play quizzes) Regarding news on smart speakers, the medium is still largely undetermined. “This feels like an opportunity for us as publishers to create use cases,” Bitterly said. One approach could be based on addressing the news fatigue many people feel: smart speakers could act as a throttle to the constant influx of content in people’s lives. At the Times, the company has already rethought some of its own audio products: the publisher has released six experiences for Amazon’s Alexa, including the relaunch of the Daily podcast, Flash Briefing and News Quiz. “These are experiments we are trying to learn from.” Giving journalists superpowers with AI “AI is not a tech trend anymore,” said Robyn Spector, Director of Corporate Strategy and Development at the Associated Press (AP). “59% of news organisations say they are using AI in their newsrooms for content recommendations, according to a Reuters study,” she said. “We have seen it grow and explode with the digital disruption.” At the same time, news organisations are expected to produce much more content than before. This is reflected in the workflows of individual journalists: “They’re filing from the field with their laptops, they capture video and audio, and so on. Journalists have to be one-man bands,” Spector said. “Our goal with AI is to give journalists the superpowers they need to thrive in this new news climate.” The AP’s first AI project dates back to 2014. Working with the start-up Automated Insights, the news agency created natural-language generation templates that it to amplify its corporate earnings coverage. Previously the corporate earnings team produced 300 stories a quarter. With automation, they were able to scale this up to cover the whole stock exchange. More generally, the AP aims to create AI-based tools that automate the non-creative parts of journalists’ jobs, so that reporters can focus on higher-level tasks. The goal is to give journalists the ability to “break news faster, dig deeper and get better insights,” Spector said. Some advances in the area include: a tool that uses NLP to detect breaking news on social networks; a tool for verifying user generated content; creating automated story summaries for all the articles AP releases (with human editors overseeing the process); automatic transcriptions for video clips; and automated image recognition that groups and tag images. “The point of all this is to make content smarter and make it travel faster through the pipes of other news organisations, so that you get as quickly as possible what you’re looking for,” Spector said. Finally, she highlighted the growing issue of the “innovation gap”, which will likely get worse as technology evolves: “The New York Times and the Wall Street Journal have amazing R&D labs and innovation centres. But how can we make sure smaller, local organisations have the resources they need to be part of the conversation?” Creating a news marketplace using Blockchain The final presentation of the session was by Mark Devlin, CEO of NewsBlocks, a start-up that is attempting to create a new layer in the news ecosystem based on blockchain. Although the news industry has moved on from print, we still read news in the form of articles that were designed for the paper age, Devlin said. How could we advance and reconfigure the news for the age of digital data? “Imagine that there’s an article about Yoko Ono: it will almost certainly mention that she was married to John Lennon, and that Lennon was murdered in 1980. That’s three pieces of data that are trapped in the article,” he said. “In print you expect it, but on the internet they should be set free so that you we can do new things with them.” In Devlin’s vision, collecting data from news articles on a massive scale, as well as the relationships between the data points, would open up entirely new opportunities for the news industry. “It’s a once-in-a-lifetime opportunity for a company to collect, safeguard and sell that data.” NewsBlocks plans to do this through a four-step process: first, the company is using algorithms powered by machine learning to convert news articles into structured data. Second, it aims to use blockchain to verify if a piece of data has been reported by at least two sources. Third, the firm aims to store all the data in a distributed network, making the data always available and resistant to censorship. Finally, the company’s ambition is to use the verified and distributed data to create a data marketplace, which would allow anyone to use the data in their apps. “The key part is that every piece of data has a defined price,” Devlin said. “At the moment, there’s so much discussion about subscription models, and how much can we get people to pay for news. But nobody really knows the real cost of a piece of news.” Showcasing its technology, the company has already built NewsLines – “a kind of Wikipedia for news” that organises data in a news timeline. Devlin closed his talk by discussing the state of funding that is available to media start-ups, calling on larger companies and news organisations to be braver with their investment strategies. “It seems companies really want to pick the winner. News organisations would rather wait and see if something succeeds,” he said. “But how can something succeed if they haven’t been funded from beginning?” World News Media Congress Blog The 71st World News Media Congress, the 26th World Editors Forum and the 3rd Women in News Summit took place from 1 - 3 June 2019 in Glasgow, Scotland. In this blog, WAN-IFRA provides previews, interviews, summaries of the presentations and other useful information about the Congress. Participants were also very active on Twitter throughout the event under the hashtag #wnmc19.	cc/2019-30/en_head_0039.json.gz/line616
__label__wiki	0.85503	0.85503	Education Week's blogs > The School Law Blog See our Law & Courts coverage Expert insights and analysis on legal issues in education, including school-related cases in the U.S. Supreme Court and in lower courts. « Supreme Court Weighs Challenge to Restriction on Disparaging Speech \| Main \| Appeals Court Backs Injunction for ELL Program Sought by Refugee Students » A Look at Trump's Supreme Court 'Finalists' and Education Cases By Mark Walsh on January 26, 2017 9:39 PM President Trump will announce his pick for the vacancy on the U.S. Supreme Court tonight. After winnowing his list of 21 possibilities, the president says he is ready to nominate a replacement for the late Justice Antonin Scalia, who died on Feb. 13 last year. The finalists are now down to three. Or two, or four or five, depending on which account you want to put stock in. So I thought it would be a good time to provide an initial discussion of some of the education-related jurisprudence of those most likely to be named to the high court. This is not an exhaustive review of education cases, which I will seek to provide for the eventual nominee. But it is meant as an introduction. The "finalists" are Neil M. Gorsuch, 49, a judge on the U.S. Court of Appeals for the 10th Circuit, in Denver; Thomas M. Hardiman, 51, a judge on the U.S. Court of Appeals for the 3rd Circuit, in Philadelphia; and William H. Pryor Jr., 54, of the U.S. Court of Appeals for the 11th Circuit, in Atlanta. Two other judges have been mentioned even in recent days as still in the mix. They are Diane S. Sykes, 59, of the U.S. Court of Appeals for the 7th Circuit, in Chicago; and Raymond M. Kethledge, 50, of the U.S. Court of Appeals for the 6th Circuit, in Cincinnati. Sykes and Pryor were names specifically mentioned by Trump during the presidential campaign. I'm going to discuss some of the key education cases of the current top three contenders. Neil M. Gorsuch Gorsuch, a graduate of Harvard law school, was a law clerk to retired Justice Byron R. White and also served Justice Anthony M. Kennedy during the 1993-94 term. He was a U.S. Department of Justice official when he was nominated to the 10th Circuit by President George W. Bush in 2006. When it comes to education, Gorsuch has written or joined opinions in cases involving school discipline, education finance, special education, and religion in the public square, among others. Last year, Gorsuch notably dissented from 10th Circuit panel ruling that upheld a school resource officer's arrest and handcuffing of a New Mexico 7th grader for disrupting his class with "fake burps." The 2-1 panel majority in A.M. v. Holmes ruled that the officer was immune from liability because it was not clearly established that the student's classroom disruptions were not in violation of a New Mexico law that prohibits interference with the "educational process" at any public or private school. The majority also upheld qualified immunity for the officer regarding his use of handcuffs when he took the 13-year-old to a juvenile detention center. Writing in dissent, Gorsuch said that a student's classroom disruption that would have once resulted in a trip to the principal's office and detention was now leading to the involvement of the police. "And maybe today the officer decides that, instead of just escorting the now-compliant 13-year-old to the principal's office, an arrest would be a better idea," Gorsuch said. "So out come the handcuffs and off goes the child to juvenile detention. My colleagues suggest the law permits exactly this option. ... Respectfully, I remain unpersuaded." In another case about constraining a student, Gorsuch joined a unanimous panel decision in 2013 that held a school district's use of a "timeout room" to briefly restrain an elementary school student with developmental disabilities did not "shock the conscience" and thus did not violate the student's constitutional rights. The case of Muskrat v. Deer Creek Public Schools involved an Oklahoma family's claims about the use of the timeout room for their child, who was between ages 5 and 10 when it was used. In an education-finance case, Gorsuch joined a 2012 panel decision that a group of Kansas parents in the Shawnee Mission district could proceed with a lawsuit seeking to declare a federal constitutional right to spend more on education than the state's school-finance plan permitted. The 10th Circuit held in Petrella v. Brownback that the parents group had standing to sue because their alleged injury—unequal treatment by the state—could be redressed by a favorable decision. (The suit was later rejected on the merits, including by a separate 10th Circuit panel that did not include Gorsuch.) Finally, a dissent written by Gorsuch gives some clues about his views on religious displays on government property, including in public schools. In 2009, the full 10th Circuit declined to reconsider a panel decision that ruled against the public display of the Ten Commandments outside a county courthouse in Oklahoma. In Green v. Haskell County Board of Commissioners, Gorsuch wrote a dissent joined by several of his colleagues that suggested one of the Supreme Court's key tests for evaluating potential government establishment of religion, in the 1971 case of Lemon v. Kurtzman, had been altered by a pair of 2005 decisions about Ten Commandments displays. "The Supreme Court's central message in McCreary [County v. ACLU of Kentucky] and Van Orden [v. Perry] was that public displays focusing on the ideals and history of a locality do not run afoul of the Establishment Clause just because they include the Ten Commandments," Gorsuch wrote. "In inclusive displays on places like courthouse lawns, the Ten Commandments can convey a secular moral message about the primacy and authority of law, as well as the history and moral ideals of our society and legal tradition." And in taking note of a 1980 per curiam Supreme Court opinion, in Stone v. Graham, which struck down a Kentucky statute that required the display of the Ten Commandments in public school classrooms, Gorsuch said the court in that opinion " took pains to emphasize that [the Ten Commandments] may be 'integrated into . . . the school curriculum . . . in an appropriate study of history, civilization, ethics, comparative religion, or the like.'" Thomas M. Hardiman Born in Massachusetts, where his father owned a taxi and school transportation business, Hardiman was the first in his family to attend college when he went to the University of Notre Dame. Hardiman is said to have driven a taxi during college and law school to help finance his education. He graduated from Georgetown University Law Center, then practiced law in Washington and Pittsburgh before being appointed a federal district judge in the latter city by President George W. Bush in 2003. In 2006, Bush nominated him to the 3rd Circuit, and Hardiman was confirmed to that position in 2007. On the 3rd Circuit, Hardiman has written or joined opinions in a number of important school speech cases, including one he personally reminded this writer of in November at a meeting of the Federalist Society, which I covered as a reporter and Hardiman attended to moderate a panel (as did most of the judges on Trump's then 21-person list of possible nominees). In an amiable chat with a handful of reporters between sessions, Hardiman learned that I covered the high court for Education Week and asked if I was familiar with the "I ♥ boobies!" case. "Of course," I said. Hardiman then reminded me of his take on the case, which I describe below. In its 2013 decision in B.H. v. Easton Area School District, the full 3rd Circuit court ruled 9-5 to uphold an injunction blocking the Pennsylvania district from barring the breast cancer awareness wristbands, which are sponsored by the Keep a Breast Foundation in Carlsbad, Calif. The majority said the wristbands reading "I ♥ boobies! (KEEP A BREAST)" were not plainly lewd and commented on an issue of social importance without disrupting school. Writing for the dissenters, Hardiman said the court should have deferred to the judgment of school administrators. "In this close case, the 'I ♥ boobies! (KEEP A BREAST)' bracelets would seem to fall into a gray area between speech that is plainly lewd and merely indecorous," Hardiman wrote. "Because I think it objectively reasonable to interpret the bracelets, in the middle school context, as inappropriate sexual innuendo and double entendre, I would reverse the judgment of the district court and vacate the preliminary injunction." Hardiman had more to say in the lengthy dissent about the interests of school administrators and students in "socio-political causes" during school hours, but I'll save discussion of that for if and when Hardiman gets the nomination. In another much-debated case on student speech, Hardiman joined a majority of the full 3rd Circuit that ruled in favor of a Pennsylvania student who created a fake MySpace profile that depicted her principal as a pedophile and a sex addict. The majority held that the profile was created off campus and was so outrageous that it could not be taken seriously. Hardiman also joined a concurrence in J.S. v. Blue Mountain School District that said it would go a little further than the majority ruling by holding "that the First Amendment protects students engaging in off-campus speech to the same extent it protects speech by citizens in the community at large." (For some reason, Hardiman did not participate in the companion student speech case decided by the full 3rd Circuit that day—Layschock v. Hermitage School District, which also upheld a student's MySpace parody of his principal. The Supreme Court declined to review both decisions, which has left uncertainty about the legal status of student Internet speech.) Hardiman has written or joined opinions expressing support for student and even parent religious expression in public schools. In a 2009 decision, he dissented from a panel majority's ruling upholding a school district's refusal to let a parent read Bible passages to her son's kindergarten class as part of a show-and-tell program. In Busch v. Marple Newtown School District, Hardiman said in his dissent that he would have upheld the mother's free speech claim because the school district practiced viewpoint discrimination. The mother's "attempt to read Psalm 118 to her son's class fell within the specified subject matter—i.e., something of interest to her son and important to his family—and the sole reason for excluding her speech was its religious character," Hardiman wrote. And in a 2013 case, Hardiman joined a unanimous panel ruling upholding an injunction that set aside a Pennsylvania school district's rules that had barred a 5th grader from passing out invitations to a church youth party to her classmates. In K.A. v. Pocono Mountain School District, the 3rd Circuit panel said it agreed that elementary school students are covered by the U.S. Supreme Court's landmark 1969 decision in Tinker v. Des Moines Independent Community School District, which upheld the rights of secondary school students to wear black armbands to protest the Vietnam War as long as school was not substantially disrupted. In Monn v. Gettysburg Area School District, a 2014 case on bullying, Hardiman joined a panel majority that expressed some sympathy for the plight of bullied students but held that in the particular case, there was no evidence that school officials had failed to act. William H. Pryor Jr. Pryor was widely considered the frontrunner, or one of the frontrunners, for the nomination for months. In the view of some observers, his prospects have dimmed a bit in the last week or so because in choosing him, Trump would be picking a fight not only with the left but also with some on the right. Pryor attended Tulane University law school and was deputy attorney general of Alabama when he succeeded Jeff Sessions as state attorney general. (Sessions, now a Republican U.S. senator from Alabama, is Trump's nominee to be U.S. attorney general.) One decision causing heartburn for the generally quite conservative Pryor among the right wing is Glenn v. Brumby, a 2011 case in which Pryor joined a unanimous panel holding that Georgia officials violated the equal protection clause when they fired an employee for being transgender. With a case on transgender rights in schools pending in the Supreme Court, some on the right have been critical of Pryor for his vote in the Georgia case, even though the panel held that it was Supreme Court precedent that required it to hold that discrimination on the basis of transgender status constitutes sex-based discrimination and is therefore subject to heightened scrutiny under the 14th Amendment's equal-protection clause. In a more recent case on LGBT rights, Pryor wrote the opinion for an 11th Circuit panel that reinstated a lawsuit filed by a gay-straight alliance that was denied recognition at a Florida middle school. Pryor concluded in Carver Middle School Gay-Straight Alliance v. School Board of Lake County that Florida middle schools qualified as "secondary schools" under the federal Equal Access Act, which requires such secondary schools receiving federal funds to give extracurricular clubs equal access to school resources. "We conclude that 'secondary education,' under Florida law, means at least 'courses through which a person receives high school credit that leads to the award of a high school diploma,'" Pryor said, citing a provision of state law. "Carver Middle School provides courses through which students can obtain high school credit. The Equal Access Act applies to Carver Middle School." In a 2011 case, Pryor joined a panel decision that rejected a religious-freedom claim by a graduate student in a school counseling program who said her Christian faith was behind her intention to attempt to convert gay students into straight students. Officials at Augusta State University in Georgia determined that the graduate students intentions would violate ethical standards of the American Counseling Association, and they required her to undergo a remediation plan before she could participate in a clinical practicum in which she would be counseling a student. In Keeton v. Anderson-Wiley, the 11th circuit panel rejected the student's First Amendment free speech claim on the basis that the university was not engaged in viewpoint discrimination, and it rejected her establishment clause claim because the university's rules about abiding by the ethics code was neutral with respect to religion. In a concurrence, Pryor expressed concerns that the university's initial remediation plan for the student may have been viewpoint discrimination because it targeted views of the graduate student on gay rights that ran counter to the university's "preferred viewpoints." But the university corrected the plan to make clear that it sought to remediate the student because she would be violating rules of the clinical practicum, he wrote. But he expressed concerns that a university could go too far in enforcing an orthodoxy on an issue such as gay rights. "When a student expresses her intent to violate the rules of a state-sponsored clinical program, the university may require her to provide reasonable assurances that she will comply with its requirements before the university permits the student to participate in the clinical program," Pryor wrote. "But we have never ruled that a public university can discriminate against student speech based on the concern that the student might, in a variety of other circumstances, express views at odds with the preferred viewpoints of the university. Our precedents roundly reject prior restraints in the public school setting." In a 2015 case, Pryor wrote the opinion for a unanimous panel that upheld a school district's decision to remove a math tutor's banners from its campuses after the district learned that the tutor is a former porn star who owns a company that once produced pornography. The panel held in Mech v. School Board of Palm Beach County that the banners were government speech, not private speech. "The banners bear the imprimatur of the schools and the schools exercise substantial control over the messages that they convey," Pryor wrote. Because of its holding that the banners were government speech, the appeals court did not explore the school district's rationale that the tutor's association with pornography was inconsistent with the district's educational mission and values. From top: Neil M. Gorsuch of the U.S. Court of Appeals for the 10th Circuit; Thomas M. Hardiman of the U.S. Court of Appeals for the 3rd Circuit; William H. Pryor Jr. of the U.S. Court of Appeals for the 11th Circuit. / AP-File Justices Decline to Take Up Challenge to District's Pro-Transgender Policy Justices Decline to Review Case Involving Strip Search of 4-Year-Old at School Justices Decline Appeals on Private School Zoning, Public-Sector Speech Justices Decline Challenge to Exclusive Public-Employee Union Representation Judge Blocks Texas Law Prohibiting Israel Boycotts, Including for K-12 Contractors --- Select a Category --- Nominations (3) Supreme Court (31) Select a Month... May 2019 April 2019 March 2019 February 2019 January 2019 December 2018 November 2018 October 2018 September 2018 August 2018 July 2018 June 2018 May 2018 April 2018 March 2018 February 2018 January 2018 December 2017 November 2017 October 2017 September 2017 August 2017 July 2017 June 2017 May 2017 April 2017 March 2017 February 2017 January 2017 December 2016 November 2016 October 2016 September 2016 August 2016 July 2016 June 2016 May 2016 April 2016 March 2016 February 2016 January 2016 December 2015 November 2015 October 2015 September 2015 August 2015 July 2015 June 2015 May 2015 April 2015 March 2015 February 2015 January 2015 December 2014 November 2014 October 2014 September 2014 August 2014 July 2014 June 2014 May 2014 April 2014 March 2014 February 2014 January 2014 December 2013 November 2013 October 2013 September 2013 August 2013 July 2013 June 2013 May 2013 April 2013 March 2013 February 2013 January 2013 December 2012 November 2012 October 2012 September 2012 August 2012 July 2012 June 2012 May 2012 April 2012 March 2012 February 2012 January 2012 December 2011 November 2011 October 2011 September 2011 August 2011 July 2011 June 2011 May 2011 April 2011 March 2011 February 2011 January 2011 December 2010 November 2010 October 2010 September 2010 August 2010 July 2010 June 2010 May 2010 April 2010 March 2010 February 2010 January 2010 December 2009 November 2009 October 2009 September 2009 August 2009 July 2009 June 2009 May 2009 April 2009 March 2009 February 2009 January 2009 December 2008 November 2008 October 2008 September 2008 August 2008 July 2008 June 2008 May 2008 April 2008 March 2008 February 2008 January 2008	cc/2019-30/en_head_0039.json.gz/line617
__label__wiki	0.752895	0.752895	“No home for us”: Nairobi residents in danger as slum demolished for highway without compensation The Bloomgist 22 Aug 2018 Leave a Comment A road project has taken the homes of 2,000 families without compensation – yet over half of Kenyans travel on foot. Early on Sunday morning on the outskirts of Nairobi, hundreds of people gathered amid the rubble where their church once stood. Pastors preached atop bare foundations. Worshippers, dressed in their Sunday best, sat on shattered bricks and broken concrete. Pamphlets, family photos and school papers littered the ground. Days before, they had watched as bulldozers tore through their neighbourhood, mowing down churches, schools and businesses, to make way for a highway extension that aims to ease Nairobi’s notoriously bad traffic congestion. The new road will pass through the heart of Kibera, the largest informal settlement in Africa, where many of the homes are built from mud bricks and corrugated metal, and house some of the capital’s poorest people. The road project is a particular sticking point, given that more than half of Kenyans still walk to where to they need to go Two thousand families were forcibly evicted in the demolitions. There has been no offer of compensation or plans made for resettlement. “Is this a free country? Why are they chasing away their citizens without telling them where they should go?” asks Elijah Musembi, a metalworker who has lived here since the 1980s. “Of what use am I to this country?” “Progress is good. We are not refusing that,” adds Jackson Muindo, 25, who lost his home in the demolition and now sleeps outside. “But this is not progress. This is being taken advantage of.” Kibera is the largest informal settlement in Africa. Photo: David Levene for the Guardian. In recent years, Kenya’s economy has grown rapidly. Since 2000, GDP has increased five-fold to $75bn in 2017. But in that same period the number of people in severe poverty increased by 10%, leaving many Kenyans to feel they have been left out of the boom. And the road project is a particular sticking point, given that more than half of Kenyans still walk to where to they need to go. “It will not benefit us, we don’t have cars. It will benefit the rich men,” Bryan Matisa, 28, says as he stares out over the wreckage of the school where he once worked. The demolitions came just days before end-of-term exams, leaving hundreds of children in the lurch. “The road is not more important than the children. They should have let the children finish school.” A 2018 study by the Overseas Development Institute warned that Kenya’s push to build new roads, a popular political platform on the campaign trail, has come at the expense of safety. The new highway extension is intended to ease Nairobi’s notorious traffic congestion. Photo: Tom Cockrem/Getty Images/Lonely Planet Images “More than half of all road deaths take place on the handful of new roads, and the poorest – those who walk, cycle, and use motorcycles – make up more than 90% of the fatalities on the roads,” says Avi Silverman, deputy director of the FIA Foundation, a philanthropic organisation that promotes global road safety. Research has also shown that new roads don’t necessarily mitigate congestion, and can exacerbate it. “Disproportionate investment in road building over safe, sustainable public transport, or measures to provide protection for those who walk or cycle, fuels the demand for private vehicles, which creates further congestion,” Silverman says. With the battle for their homes lost, residents in Kibera are now demanding compensation. The Kenya Urban Roads Authority (Kura), the government body managing the project, has taken a defiant stance against compensating the evictees, whom they consider to be squatters on government land. Kenya’s economy has grown rapidly since 2000. But the number of people in severe poverty has increased by 10% in the same period. Photo: Rajiv Golla The Kenyan constitution does offer some support to occupiers who are removed from their land. Consultations with local community groups has led to an agreement in principle for compensation, but no details have been announced, let alone delivered. Kibera has long had a precarious relationship with the government. When Nairobi was founded in 1899 as the colonial capital, it was segregated along racial lines: white settlers in the centre, Indian traders beside them, and migrant African labour far outside, in the surrounding forest. Those migrant camps soon became bustling informal settlements, of which Kibera was the largest and oldest. Kibera was initially settled by any southern Sudanese soldiers recruited into the British colonial King’s African Rifles regiment: when they retired, their pension included a permit to live on this vast government tract. Those permits were traded and sold, serving as unofficial title deeds. It’s not just us – and it’s not just roads. Kenyans must protect themselves from their leaders Esther Muli, headteacher in Nairobi However, as Kibera grew over the decades, the government made several failed attempts to demolish the site and resettle the residents. In the 1990s, it began a programme of “slum upgrading”, but the projects were accused of being corrupt and ineffective, serving mainly to displace existing residents and increase tenant costs. Residents began demanding more autonomy to develop their properties themselves. In 2017, the Nubian community, descendants of the original Sudanese soldiers, secured a title deed for 116 hectares (288 acres) of Kibera to be placed into a community trust. The rest of Kibera, however, remains in a precarious position on government land that can be reclaimed at any time. Politicians have exacerbated the tensions in Kibera over the years. With the introduction of multiparty politics in the 1990s, Kibera became a hotbed of ethnic mobilisation and the site of some of the worst violence in the 2007 elections. That the demolitions came almost exactly one year after the heated 2017 general election was not lost on residents. Supporters of the opposition leader flee as shots are fired by riot police during a protest in Kibera during Kenya’s 2017 general elections. Photo: Dai Kurokawa/EPA “We voted for these politicians but they are not helping us,” sayes Esther Muli, the founder and headteacher of Makina Self Help primary school in Nairobi. “They get an office and they just sit inside. But when they want their votes, their cars are going all over the place. They came here and did a lot of politicking, but, one year later, I don’t see anybody.” Kura has already put out eviction notices to other sites across Nairobi to be demolished to make way for the road, pushing people to gather their belongings and leave before compensation or resettlement plans are made. Meanwhile, outside Nairobi, 8,000 people have been forced from their homes in Mau Forest, ostensibly to protect an important water catchment area from deforestation and overgrazing. Critics say the evictions are a political strategy to shift support in the upcoming 2022 elections, with farmers and herders caught in the middle. “It’s not just us – and it’s not just roads,” Muli says. “Kenyans must protect themselves from their leaders.” Story Source: Guardian Cities Cover Photo: A Kibera resident kneels in the rubble of his church, demolished as part of the road development. Photo: Baz Ratner/Reuters Kenya, Nairobi, Special reports Green light for new Ebola medicines in DR Congo Gunmen storm Akpabio’s home – Aide	cc/2019-30/en_head_0039.json.gz/line619
__label__wiki	0.881515	0.881515	What Conference USA athletic directors earn By Joseph Duarte on October 6, 2011 at 10:08 AM SMU’s Steve Orsini is the highest-paid athletic director in Conference USA, according to salary data for all Football Bowl Subdivision schools compiled by USA Today. According to the USA Today database, Orsini earns a total salary of $431,944. Rick Greenspan became athletic director at Rice in 2010. University of Houston athletic director Mack Rhoades is the second-highest paid with an annual salary of $392,000, with a potential bonus of $75,000. The average salary for C-USA athletic directors is $329,768. The figure does not take into consideration Rice (Rick Greenspan) and Tulane (Rick Dickson), whose salaries were not available. UTEP athletic director Bob Stull has the highest bonus opportunity of $376,190, which could be reached based on the school’s on-field success and meeting certain academic goals. USA Today compiled the list through open-records requests for all 120 FBS schools. Private schools with unlisted tax information, along with public schools that did not release an outside income report, were excluded from the list. The schools not included on the list: BYU, Miami (Fla.), Northwestern, Penn State, Rice, Southern California, Stanford, Temple and Tulane. Vanderbilt’s David Williams ($2.56 million) is the highest-paid, followed by Florida’s Jeremy Foley ($1.55 million), Louisville’s Tom Jurich ($1.43 million), Texas’ DeLoss Dodds ($1.096 million) and Ohio State’s Gene Smith ($1.075 million). University pay Alabama-Birmingham Brian Mackin $243,338 $0 $243,338 $0 Central Florida Keith Tribble $365,580 $20,000 $385,580 $241,283 East Carolina Terry Holland $361,400 $2,000 $363,400 $0 Houston Mack Rhoades $392,000 $0 $392,000 $75,000 Marshall Mike Hamrick $244,494 $3,000 $247,494 $0 Memphis R.C. Johnson $332,500 $0 $332,500 $191,250 Rice Rick Greenspan N/A N/A N/A N/A SMU Steve Orsini $431,944 $0 $431,944 $0 Southern Miss Richard Giannini $298,000 $0 $298,000 $49,666 Texas-El Paso Bob Stull $227,460 $1,000 $228,460 $376,190 Tulane Rick Dickson N/A N/A N/A N/A Tulsa Bubba Cunningham $374,964 $0 $374,964 $0 Follow me on Twitter at Chronicle_Owls. Joseph Duarte	cc/2019-30/en_head_0039.json.gz/line621
__label__cc	0.598978	0.401022	Most transport is by road. This further reduced production costs. Incisors display multiserial enamel. Some categories has further sub classes. But nothing came of this plan. The route is signposted. Land reforms to assist landless people. This replaces the usual gauge dash. The record still stands. The metallic skink is present. The shell has a conical shape. The strict definition is the model. The reason was very simple. On either side gatekeepers are found. The search was called off. Age wakes to discover the world. Other studies have found similar results. With rank comes privileges. The test aircraft departed undamaged download. The producer oversees the budget. Government and industry use. The list contains no women. These therefore change over time. The enemy did not respond. This is the national record. These lenses were found lacking. Films are free to view. Winners advanced to the main draw. Coin in circulation at the time. Others criticized the report. The government requested en banc review. Time costs on basic operations. Clean was dropped from this release. Free radicals may increase life span Minecraft wedding mode. The code is highly portable. All are invited to attend. That charge was dismissed. There is a mobile library service. Need to improve lot in infrastructure. There are also night train services. This can cause large chain reactions. Land use is mostly agricultural. Other types cause warts. Garden cultivars can be found. The cable ran easily this time. Some further volumes followed. Help all teachers and scholars. Foreign control of the economy 공짜 다운로드사이트. The plan was later dropped. Plaza was ninth in this stage. Extra time yielded more chances. The import ban remained in place. Gliders sample between the mooring lines. Grant for political reasons. This was a solo record. Mining began also around this time. Congress was forced to draft soldiers. No further written sources are known. None are in a conservation reserve. Dickens won a complete triumph. Draft picks were also exchanged. Original track listing order. The chicks weigh about upon hatching link. This gives the coach an inspiration. Individuals can join as members. The cause is still unknown. The waggonway gauge is not known. Home planet unknown at this time. Later editions added further poems. The term is still in use. This view has been challenged. Redden turned down the trade proposal. Colonies show annual cycling. Advertising can lead culture. The list is derived from. The judge rejected this claim. Little was ultimately proven correct. Thus the split was complete. Pain is rarely present. Specimens are often found in sandstones. The search and destroy approach. List may not be complete Helbes Download. Next time will be better. Target for a commercial. Some examples of this research follow. Time runs down the page. This is a correct assessment. See a labeled map here. The plane vanishes en route. A fixed rate regimen resulted. This list may omit some models. Some can accommodate prescription lenses. The full list is available online. No trace of the chapel remains. And on different time periods. Temple are found dead. The tail fin is strongly forked. The police charge the crowd. Compare with closed braids sql server 2000 다운로드. Patient care activities are computerized. This occurs with a rotation index. Midnight is a time of day. The process of creation is. These talks further reduced tensions. There are of gardens to tour. This series is difficult to document. Breeding is by direct development. The earthworks only are present today. There were no further challenges. All transport is by car. The larvae develop in hollow trees. Season host in boldface. This list shows both seasons. Both were pilot error VBox Weekly Downloads. The plan was never implemented. Hunt was ultimately found guilty. The first show received mixed reviews. However reserve teams are ineligible. Angles use similar notation. Fiestas are time to celebrate. In chronological order of first issue. The output is the graphics display. Weekly print editions are also available. The charge was ultimately dismissed. Used to control interior temperature. Backward running can reduce knee pain. The track was facing insolvency. There is no further step. The process takes a day. Track events must be completed. The show featured celebrity interviews download. The process is repeated until convergence. A short list is below. Pilot weight is limited to. Some gearboxes are proprietary in design. Government agencies are not present. Another cause is jejunoileal diverticula. No women were invited to participate. Both use the closed world assumption. The program won national attention. This schedule is updated each month. Discover then appealed that decision. Chess engines continue to improve. Brief history of the district. A test suite accompanies the standard. The film survived complete. This service is no longer operational. Drones also serve as flying eyes visual studio 2008. Install additional milling plant. Stones cannot connect diagonally. Gun ports are not present. No officers were present. Complete results not available. This can help break a deadlock. Genitalia are not present. The tail was largely intact. A course record at the time. Mites may cause sarcoptic mange. This art show makes this statement. Demonstrate a global vision of management. This document is strongly suspect. Bill to attend college. Consult with wise men. The pair soon reconcile. The lobby contains modernized turnstiles. Long was quiet throughout the process Anime download. The argument structure is ergative. No blindfolds or restraints were found. This is crucial to provide strength. History books provide scant details. Guests attend in casual attire. Several online modes are also present. This feature is free to use. Many players from that time agreed. Such revenue helps sustain the museum. These are the most common filter. In the process sulfates were deposited. No crossing could be found. The project was a fiasco. Others use camera drones In Brion download. The designated import rule was eliminated. A guide pamphlet has been published. Several more boats are on order. Pensioners use public transportation free. Phone support is now free. Celtic graves bear witness to this. The laws are currently under review. Over time other companies were founded. Most systems include a filter. Stars twinkle for the same reason. Soma line is the vegetative stage. Cyclones can cause considerable damage. Most also serve milkshakes. Many jewelers use steam cleaners.	cc/2019-30/en_head_0039.json.gz/line626
__label__wiki	0.53854	0.53854	Home/Conference Cities, Featured, Green Task Force, Milwaukee/Cool Happenings at the Green Task Force Booth #137 Cool Happenings at the Green Task Force Booth #137 This year the Green Task Force will be back in the Resource Hall at booth space #137, Look for the NCECA GTF Banner. We have several special guests that will be in and out of the booth during the course of the conference. I want to give a huge thank you to all of the people that are contributing to the booth this year and are really making the GTF shine. Here is a brief bit of information on the people that will be in the booth: Sustainable Ceramics: By Robert Harrison: We will have a copy on-hand for you to take a look at, this is a great publication that was mentioned in an earlier blog post, the GTF is highlighted in the book and it is jam packed full of information. Dawn Soltysiak: She will have some solar panels with her and be ready to talk solar, here is her story A visitor to Fernwood Farm in Fennville, Michigan, would likely note the usual collection of barns and sheds clustered about the typical Midwestern rural farmhouse. A walk down the drive past the house, however, would reveal something unusual about the long barn that extends into the back pasture. All along the pitched roof lay 78 solar panels, absorbing sunlight and converting it to just under 25,000 kilowatts of electricity each year. Owners Dawn and Rob Soltysiak operate the 30-acre sustainable farm where Dawn, a ceramic artist, runs Khnemu Studio and gallery and fires her kilns on solar power. Khnemu Studio offers classes, visiting artist workshops and a gallery which features over 25 regionally and nationally known ceramic artists. With Fernwood Farm well established in its sustainable agricultural practices, Dawn started to think about alternative energy sources. Intrigued by alternative energy sources, she wrote a proposal to the USDA’s Rural Energy for America program and was awarded a grant that provided up to 25% of the cost of renewable energy for rural small businesses and farms. Her north/south positioned long barn offered the perfect place for solar panels and installation of the 17.94 kilowatt-hour solar array of 78 230-watt panels was completed in December of 2012. The electricity produced by the system is used to power the studio and the kilns. The daily average production is about 68 kilowatts a day, with a yearly average of 25,000. Dawn says that the average household uses about 10,000 kilowatts per year. She explains that the production is managed on a credit system: if on a given day, her production exceeds her needs, she earns credits. The energy is channeled into the nationwide “grid,” and is not stored in batteries. Dawn says, “If I make more than I need, why shouldn’t I share that with my neighbor? I would rather share it than store and potentially lose it – storage is limited and eventually lost.” On days when Dawn uses more than she produces, her credits make up the difference. For the most part, the system has met her needs, except for periods of excessive firings, for example, to meet a large commercial order. She estimates she will recoup the $53,000 cost of the system within five years, including the grant funding. For more information visit www.khnemustudio.com Robert Oakes: Robert is the owner of CI Products, the maker of the Cink. This is an awesome product that recycles the same 11 gallons of water for use in all studio clean-up. I have three of these in the studio at Chaffey College, two for clay clean-up, and one for glaze. They make it a snap to take the sediment and put it back into use when you clean out the Cink severely cutting down on studio waste. Robert will have a Cink there for demonstration so we can all see the magic happen. Laura Cohen and Herb Massie: Baltimore Clayworks’ Community Arts Directors demonstrate how quality ceramics programming aid adult men in substance abuse recovery through discussion and a documentary screening. The film created with The Fetzer Institute, who made this project possible, recognizes Clayworks as an exemplar of love, forgiveness and compassion in craft. Laura is a community artist, arts administrator, mentor, organizer and Director of Community Arts at Baltimore Clayworks. She has her B.S in Art Education from the University of Vermont and a Master of Arts in Community Arts degree from the Maryland Institute College of Art. She is a licensed art educator and has been directing the Community Arts department at Baltimore Clayworks since 2009. Laura works collaboratively with her Co-Director and various communities to overcome stereotypes, prejudices, misconceptions and other barriers through access to high quality clay programming. Herb Massie is a community artist, organizer, teacher, sculptor, mosaic artist and Director of Community Engagement at Baltimore Clayworks. Herb is self-taught, pulling from experiences having grown up in Baltimore,MD. Herb uses clay as a vehicle for healing, relationship development and community building. He has been leading the ceramics program at Tuerk House since 2009, where he works with adult men in recovery who are non-violent ex-offenders. Herb works collaboratively with his Co-Director and different communities to overcome stereotypes, prejudices, misconceptions and other barriers through access to high quality clay programming. Meg Roberts: Meg Roberts is a North Dakota native who grew up in a household of makers, which informed her studies and eventual BFA degree from North Dakota State University in Fargo in 2012, where she founded the grassroots community benefit organization, Plants for Patients. Building on the history of ‘craftavism’ and research on nature’s impact in the healing process, Plants for Patients creates an anonymous post-abortion network of support for women through the gift of a ceramic planter and handwritten note from a member of the community. Roberts continues to serve as the Executive Director and primary ceramic artist for the program which has served more than 1,300 women since its humble beginnings as her undergraduate thesis. Roberts attended a short-term artist-invite-artist residency at the Red Lodge Clay Center in 2011 as well as a short-term residency of her own at Red Lodge in 2012. She presented the theory behind the program on a panel at the 2013 National Women’s Studies Association conference, the 2014 Abortion Care Network annual meeting, and is slated to partner with the Plains Art Museum in 2014 as they host the traveling exhibition, Living As Form. Meg spends her time away from studio managing Plants for Patients, working at a coffee shop and a women’s health center, and posting photos of her cat to Instagram. Steven Lemke: The Saint John’s Pottery Steven Lemke apprenticed for nearly five years with Master Potter Richard Bresnahan at the Saint John’s Pottery. Bresnahan founded the Saint John’s Pottery in 1979 and produces wood-fired pottery using local clay and natural glaze materials. The two artists were recently featured in the apprenticeship documentary and exhibition tour Minnesota Potters: Sharing the Fire. Located at Saint John’s University in Collegeville, MN, the Saint John’s Pottery includes dynamic Artist-in-Residence, Visiting Artist, and Apprenticeship Programs as part of its mission to increase the use of local and natural materials through generational learning. Bresnahan and his studio host annual firings of the Johanna Kiln, the largest wood-burning kiln of its kind in North America. For more information, please visit www.csbsju.edu/pottery<http://www.csbsju.edu/pottery>.] Of Course there will be representatives from the Green Task Force there as well to talk shop about sustainability. We look forward to seeing everyone in Milwaukee. By briankohl\|2014-03-19T07:31:35-05:00March 19th, 2014\|Categories: Conference Cities, Featured, Green Task Force, Milwaukee\|Tags: Green Task Force, NCECA, nceca conference, NCECA Conference 2014, NCECA GTF, NCECA's Green Task Force\|Comments Off on Cool Happenings at the Green Task Force Booth #137 About the Author: briankohl	cc/2019-30/en_head_0039.json.gz/line627
__label__wiki	0.779233	0.779233	Home > News > Ram Truck Names Top Two Finalists for Ram Battle of the Bands Ram Truck Names Top Two Finalists for Ram Battle of the Bands March 11, 2011 \| by Ram Zone \| Leave a comment If you’ve been following us on Ram Zone, you’ll remember our Battle of the Bands contest we kicked off back in January. We put the word out that if you had a country music group, we were looking for you. The top 10 videos that received the most votes from our fans were reviewed by a Ram Truck panel of judges. Well the time has come, our fans and judges have spoken and now we are down to the two finalists that will perform live at this year’s Rodeo Austin in Texas. The first place winner will take home a full $5,000 and the second place winner will go home with $2,500 in their guitar case. Our first finalist is a 26 year-old who calls the Motor City her home. Justine Blazer (yes, that’s her real name) grew up in the auto industry and even knows a thing or two about cars and trucks in addition to her affinity for great music. She has been performing since she was four years old and has been writing songs since and was eight. She learned to play the guitar, piano and harmonica at 10 years of age. By the time she was 13, Justine recorded her first three-song EP. When asked what artist inspired Justine to pursue a country music career, she had this to say. “My musical influences included Patsy Cline, Martina McBride, Faith Hill Reba McEntire” said Justine. “My father was an automotive engineer and we moved to Nashville when I was younger and that’s probably where the country roots started. My mother owned a dance studio and it was there I was exposed to all sorts of different music”. Later her family moved back to Michigan and she continued to hone her vocal skills. The hard work and dedication paid off as she was nominated for 15 Detroit Music Awards and won the Detroit Blues Challenge in 2007. Her recent single ‘New Country Beat’ was released in July 2010 and was immediately picked up by XM satellite radio, AOL radio and CMT radio. When we reached Justine to tell her the news that she is a finalist, she was ecstatic. “This is indescribable and a once in a lifetime opportunity. My band I have worked so hard over the past years and I feel so lucky to be a finalist. This is one of the biggest events in my career. As a musician you work so hard to achieve that goal. To be recognized by Ram Truck is simply awesome!” Our second finalist hails from a region in the country better known for seafood, Paul Revere, cranberries and maple syrup than country music. Just formed over four months ago, The Natalie Turgeon Band claims Concord, New Hampshire as home but their heart and soul is definitely southern. Hearing of the Ram Battle of the Bands contest, they answered the challenge by creating their first music video in a matter of days, with no budget. The band practices in the basement and their music epitomizes the true spirit of an authentic country sound with just a hint of R&B. The driving force behind the band is the lead vocalist, Natalie Turgeon. At four years old, her music talent became evident as she sat at the piano and easily played her favorite Christmas carol. Despite being a trained pianist, Natalie decided to concentrate on singing and working on her vocal range. Her dedication paid off and in 2007 and 2008, where she was a finalist in the New Hampshire Idol Competition. In 2010, Natalie stepped up her game and swept the New Hampshire Country Music Association’s annual competition by walking away with Female Vocalist and Female Entertainer of the Year. This month, Natalie and the band will be representing the Northeast in the National Country Music competition in Pigeon Forge, Tennessee. When Natalie and her band mates heard the news of being a finalist for Our Battle of the Bands contest, they were blown away. “It’s very unexpected, this came as a big surprise. I feel very blessed to have the opportunity that I have for the band and myself. I’m excited to see where this takes us and to see the opportunities that come from this!” said Natalie. “I can’t thank Ram Truck enough for this contest and I know the band and I will be practicing real hard between now and Rodeo Austin.” We know the music is going to be hot and the competition fierce, between these two highly talented bands. Make sure to check back at Ram Zone as we’ll post the winner of the Battle of the Bands from the Austin Rodeo on Sunday, March 20. Gibraltar Fire and Rescue Continues to Count on Ram After 37 Years Ram Truck Month is back for 2013 Why 2014 was the Year of Ram Trucks	cc/2019-30/en_head_0039.json.gz/line629
__label__cc	0.562395	0.437605	BOUNDARIES – movie review Posted on June 17, 2018 by harveycritic Reviewed by: Harvey Karten Director: Shana Feste Screenwriter: Shana Feste Cast: Vera Farmiga, Christopher Plummer, Lewis McDougall, Bobby Cannavale, Kristen Schaal, Dolly Wells, Christopher Lloyd, Peter Fonda Screened at: Sony, NYC, 6/6/18 Opens: June 22, 2018 The characters in Shana Feste’s “Boundaries” give you the feeling that the worst thing that can happen to a person is to not fit in. This applies to a Henry (Lewis MacDougall), who is expelled from high school for drawing nude picture, particularly one of his principal; to Laura Jaconi (Vera Farmiga), a single mother who cannot adapt to her father’s behavior or to her ex-husband’s; to Jack Jaconi (Christopher Plummer), who is too creative and independent and even criminal-minded to fit in with his nursing home and has been expelled from there. (Why would he need a nursing home, anyway)? The three people go on a road trip not necessarily with the goal of becoming buddies, but wouldn’t you know that’s exactly what happens? This means that “Boundaries” is not an original, but is rather a conventional family tale, but what performances! Vera Farmiga and Christopher Plummer have the spotlight, though what they have to say to each other per Shana Feste’s script, is not extraordinary, but it’s how they say it that makes “Boundaries” a movie that should be seen. Jack, then, is not a typical father or grandpa. He is released from his nursing home after several infractions and at the age of 85 (Plummer is 88 making him the oldest actor to get an Oscar nomination), and after trying to call his daughter Laura without success shows up at Laura’s home. Though he was too selfish to stay around to get to know his grandson Henry, he is such a charmer that Laura cannot resist driving him to a future home. Grandson and daughter discover that he is a drug dealer with a marijuana stash worth $200,000. He accompanies his family on a drive from Portland to L.A. with a plan to drop Jack at the home of his other daughter JoJo (Kriste Schaal), and on the way do what people do in road-and-buddy movies. They see people, all goofy individuals, including Laura’s ex-husband Leonard (Bobby Cannavale), Jack’s buddies Stanley (Christopher Lloyd) and Joey (Peter Fonda), the latter being Jack’s rich buyer of weed. Writer-director Shana Feste is in her métier, having made films like “The Greatest” (a troubled teen girl) and “Endless Love” (parents try to break up a love between their privileged daughter and her new boyfriend). For his part, Christopher Plummer, fresh from his role as J. Paul Getty in Ridley Scott’s “All the Money in the World” as a billionaire too selfish to pay a ransom for his grandson, modifies that narcissism here by being simply a guy who did not hang around to see to his daughter’s upbringing. A bunch of neurotics, one and all, make “Boundaries” a film that would probably be too unconventional to be labeled a sit-com and of value especially to a potential audience that is unaware of just how terrific Vera Farmiga can be. Sara Mishara shot the film in scenic British Columbia. Rated R. 104 minutes. © 2018 by Harvey Karten, Member, New York Film Critics Online Story – B- Technical – B Overall – B BOUNDARIES FAMILY DYSFUNCTION ROAD MOVIE ARABY – movie review DAMSEL – movie reveiw	cc/2019-30/en_head_0039.json.gz/line630
__label__wiki	0.790058	0.790058	DAU: Art Imitating Life On An Unprecedented Scale After 12 years, the living cinematic behemoth is complete. By Siddhant Adlakha Aug. 01, 2017 Image used with permission from Wikimedia Commons. “A day into my stay at the Institute, I begin to feel its pull. The repeating rituals of dressing up and passing the checkpoint lose their absurdity and become something like a fact of life.” Have you seen Synecdoche, New York? You should. It’s great. That’s not where the above quote originates, though. It’s not even what I’m really here to talk about. The reason I ask is because Charlie Kauffman’s bizarre directorial debut, a tale of obsessive detail and the re-staging of life itself, is the only jumping-off point I can think of to even begin explaining Ilya Khrzhanovsky’s Dau. In Synecdoche, Philip Seymour Hoffman’s Caden Cotard constructs a massive theatrical stage within a warehouse, on which actors and costumers obsessively prepare and ponder over the minutiae of his experiences, rehearsing their re-enactments (and re-enactments of re-enactments) for an audience that may never come. Dau is… well, it’s kind of like that. Big whoop, right? Another Kauffman-imitating Kafka Lite™ with sprinklings megalomania and surrealism as mere artistic affect? Perhaps it would be, were I talking about the story that Dau tells, but I’m afraid it’s not why I bring up the comparison. I mention it because that’s the story of the making of Dau itself, and then some. And then a lot, actually. What is Dau? Well, Dau is a movie. Or ten movies. Or perhaps twelve. I wish I had all the answers – the production company, Phenomen Films, is notoriously tight-lipped – but despite cameras rolling on this mega-production back in 2006, with the shoot lasting almost a full six goddamn years, there’s been very little press coverage because of just how secretive and quite frankly dumbfounding the whole affair is. Imagine yourself in an average modern production office on the outskirts of Kharkov, a Ukrainian town of about a million and a half. Now imagine being re-dressed and entirely remade whether you’re an actor or an assistant, from hair to socks to underwear, in Soviet garb circa 1952 before being led to the connected set. Only it isn’t a “set” so much as it is a fully functioning city housed within an enormous brick building; a built-to-scale section of Stalin’s Moscow spanning 130,000 square feet. Every lodging populated, every “extra” a working part of a time-displaced totalitarian society, exchanging period-appropriate Rubles for tins of Soviet food marked with 1950s expiration dates and living in fear of local security. Fully-stocked refrigerators, or as stocked as they would have been at the time. Working toilets with pipes measured to the exact dimensions of the era so as to make a specific flushing sound. Grandiose music blaring from mounted loudspeakers to set you on edge, if the gargantuan statues of arms and sickles don’t do the trick, and a ban on modern technology and words like “set” and “lighting,” or any anachronism that didn’t line up with the given decade being filmed, like if Westworld had a wing for the misery of post-war Russia. This is not a set. This is “The Institute,” as director Ilya Khrzhanovsky would have you call it. Only a couple of journalists have ever visited, and no more ever shall. It was completely destroyed in November of 2011 by hired Russian neo-Nazis enacting a massacre of the staff on order from the director, followed by a massive nightclub wrap party – which was also filmed – but its locale is merely the beginning of why Dau deserves attention as an unprecedented work of creative obsession, despite being one most of us may never lay eyes on. The production, which I’ve been following ever since Michael Idov’s fascinating GQ article in 2011 “The Movie Set That Ate Itself” (the origin of the opening quote, and the only constant cultural presence the film has really seen), will now receive some sort of release this October according to Idov himself. What will that release entail? Per Idov: The "release," as long rumored, will somehow tie together numerous separate movies (as many as 10) with theatrical and modern-art components That’s not all. Per Phenomen, via the only on-record statement of theirs I’ve found, they also intend for Dau to include multiple TV series (as many as 18, as one journalist was told), “science and art documentaries,” and even a “trans-media project,” rumoured to involve an app that lets you edit the footage to create your own movie. There’s a whole lot of potential fact in there mixed with potential fiction, as well as the potential for Phenomen’s plans to change in any number of directions, but the only thing anyone can be certain of at this point is that Dau is… something. Something that exists, or something that will exist in the near future, depending on how you look at it. I’m not sure I can fully express my excitement at Dau finally coming into the world and yet, I harbour a parallel disappointment at the fact that it’ll soon exist, in whatever form(s) it takes. This work of harrowed genius (and calculated cruelty?) may never see the light of day the same way as your average wide-release, and in two months time, we’ll be living a post-Dau world. It will no longer be something to look forward to. No longer a mysterious thing of the future. No longer a cinematic myth of madness. Over the years, there’s been a near-total drought of coverage on the film, one you’d think would garner constant attention and scrutiny. Type “Dau” and “Khrzhanovsky” into Google News and you get a mere 22 non-duplicate results, only 6 few of which fall under “recent.” What you’re reading now will likely end up the 23rd this decade. That’s a bizarre statistic to think about. Whatever this ends up being, whether in celluloid or digital form, or some ungodly hybrid with cross-media connections the Marvel Cinematic Universe can only pay lip service to, it continues to be both the most consuming cinematic production in recent memory (perhaps in all of movie history), as well as the most fascinating statement about the relationship between art and audience precisely because no one has seen it. The film was never meant to be what it’s become. Conceived in Russia shortly after Khrzhanovsky’s debut 4, production in Ukraine was only set to last seven weeks in 2006, a little longer than your average American indie. By the time it wrapped in November of 2011, the 35mm on which it was shot had begun to be phased out as a medium of projection and capture. Scarcity of entertainment and info due to lack of access will have been all but eliminated by the digital era, making Dau even more of a rarity than it would’ve been had its Cannes deadlines been met in 2011 and the following year (and the year after that). The Russian Ministry of Culture even demanded its budget be returned, and by the time the Russian-Ukranian co-investment finally comes out, Russia’s military incursion into Ukrane will have lasted over three and a half years. What little contemporary real-world connections this closed-off endeavor once had have since morphed and mutated along with the film itself – a chronicle of the life of Nobel-winning phycisit Lev Landau – but what has not changed thus far is the fact that it remains unseen. Many would argue that art remains incomplete without some form of receipient, a philosophical debate that’s been going on for as long as we’ve been thinking critically about art. Art is arguably a conversation between artist and audience, and it’s the experiencing and interpreting of a tangible work – the simple act of processing it mentally and emotionally, even in the most visceral sense – that turns something into art in a cultural context. However James Meek, one of the few outsiders to visit the film’s second “institute” (its post-production office in Piccadilly, London, which may have even been some surreal second-layer to the film) recalls speaking to a mutual friend about the director’s take on the matter: Our inconclusive trip to 100 Piccadilly, he suggested, might have been in the nature of an audition. But for what? A new phase of filming? The role of pre-approved critics? The kind of article about events and works I have not witnessed that I am writing now? ‘The thing about Khrzh,’ my friend said, ‘is that he believes cinema is one of those artforms that does not require an audience.’ Perhaps Khrzhanovsky is right, in that cinema doesn’t require an audience in the traditional sense – would a museum installation, which Dau has begun to resemble, demand the presence of eyes to be considered “art”? – but thus far, Dau has very much had an audience, and an active one at that, hanging on every bit of information that sporadically hits the internet once every few years, dropping its collective jaw at every new whisper. Which raises the question: what part of Dau is the art? Or rather, what part of Dau’s creation thus far has been experienced and interpreted as if it were art itself? When writing about his visit for GQ, Michael Idov recalls entering the set at 1:00 in the morning, as life in this alternate Moscow continued as usual, despite there being no cameras in sight. The director, who had just instructed the makeup department to tear the eyelashes off an extra, lest she look “like an intellectual whore,” went on to explain the self-aware method to his madness: "Taken one by one, all these details are pure delirium," he told me on my first night, fanning out a stack of crisp prop rubles with Lenin portraits, each note individually numbered. "Taken together, however, they create an otherwise unachievable depth. When you get paid in this money, and you know it has buying power and an exchange rate, you start treating it differently when the cameras are on. When the cleaning lady had to mop the same toilet floor every day for two years, she will do it differently when she's doing it on-camera." Cinema culture has a collective fascination with stories of methodical and torturous prep, but no tale of Daniel Day-Lewis or Iñárritu’s The Revenant can even begin to compare to an entire production where not only are the extras amateurs picked off the street, made to live out their characters’ lives for years on end, but where the majority of the roles are played by actual physicists and former KGB operatives. Each lead actor was assigned a “personal director” whose sole function was to follow them everywhere at all times in order to stress them out. The character of Landau, embodied by a man who barely speaks Russian – Greek conductor Teodor Currentzis – was chosen by Khrzhanovsky because he admires his specific kind of genius. “I will save classical music,” Currentzis was once reported to have said. The Institute was rife with Stalin-era hidden microphones, which the production used as actual recording devices, along with surveillance cameras meant for the express purpose of forcing paranoid honesty upon every single one of the regime’s residents. In the midst of all this, a solitary 35mm camera wandered the town in the hopes of stumbling across some unstructured conflict brought on by the stresses of the environment. More reality show than scripted drama, but taking place in a simulated Soviet Union and shot by a who’s who of renowned international cinematographers like Manuel Alberto Claro of Melancholia and Lol Crawley of 45 Years, among several others. Khrzhanovsky is the “actor’s director” pushed to its uncouth extremity, or at least an extreme we’re finally capable of perceiving, and he built this authoritarian artifice in order to mold people into a lived reality wherein the era’s social and emotional outcomes could be reached organically. Like the tendency to snitch under totalitarianism for self-preservation, which Idov mentions in the context of people being fined for anachronisms like “Google” or “Facebook”: The fine system has also fostered a robust culture of snitching. "In a totalitarian regime, mechanisms of suppression trigger mechanisms of betrayal," the director explains. "I am very interested in that." That could very easily sound like a pile of holier-than-thou horseshit, were it not for the fact that Idov’s article closes with an account of the method actually working… on Idov himself. After having spent a few days in The Institute, Idov was confronted about GQ photographer Sergey Maximishin breaking protocol and asking one of the actresses (Olya, a woman who tried to seduce Idov – under instruction? Of her own volition? Is there a difference under these circumstances?) to pose for a picture rather than letting her live out her routine: By my third day on the set, the dress-up no longer feels like dress-up. I expertly tug on my suspenders, work the cuff links into place, and head in: I have signed up for a massage at the barbershop. This, of course, is the most seductive part of totalitarian living: Once choice has been taken away, you quickly readjust to be grateful for the little things on offer. Mmm, cheese! Classic prison mentality, and I've developed it after all of forty-eight hours. Khrzhanovsky stops me just as I'm about to dive into the tunnel separating the wardrobe from the set. His face is deep red, with a violet tint. He is midscream. "I don't give a shit about GQ, I don't give a shit about America," Khrzhanovsky yells. "He is asking people to pose. He is not observing life, he is staging it. And I can't have that. My people are not puppets!" It seems that Sergey has asked to shoot Olya taking a bath. That was apparently fine. But Sergey asked her to take a bath wearing a towel as a turban. Khrzhanovsky throws himself down onto a chair and slams his fist against a lace-covered tabletop. Various underlings look on from the corners, a silent chorus. "Olya," he says emphatically, "does not bathe in a turban." Khrzhanovsky takes a breath and switches to a polite half whisper. "We are ending our collaboration," he informs me. "Let me finish, and then you can riposte in any way you see fit, not that it matters, because it's my decision. You are, after all, on my territory. In short, please leave." And this is when it happens. My brain turns off with a dry click. I am halfway through my answer before I realize what I'm saying. "I understand," I answer calmly. "I agree completely. I am not this man's colleague. I don't know him. I've only met him yesterday. If you feel that you need him out of here, I have no objections. All I care about is the article. If you have some file photos of the set we can use, then there is no need for the photographer." Yes, I have been reduced—in all of two days—to a sniveling Soviet stukach, a snitch. It was the suit. The bor shorts, they did it to me. The cafeteria food. Something. Suddenly, Khrzhanovsky grins. So do I. This is an extremely strange moment. We both know what happened. He gave me a carefully crafted self-portrait of a tyrannical genius. I gave him the satisfaction of seeing my total self-abasement. We're even. The full article is a rabbit-hole worth tumbling through. I’ve revisited it several times over the years given that there’s not much else on the subject, and I’ve often wondered what if anything would become of Dau. As fascinating as the production is on its own, so too are the seeming reasons for its existence. Khrzhanovsky’s obsession with Landau is seemingly connected to the Nobel Prize-winner’s sexual conquests, involving an open marriage with his wife Kora, played by Radmila Shchegoleva. Shchegoleva is the only professional actor in the entire film, but even she was put to work in a hospital and a chocolate factory for a full year before filming, per Khrzhanovsky’s instructions. Khrzhanovsky, a notoriously skeevy womanizer who exerted a God-like control over his creation, was known for hiring young, attractive women and giving them important titles within the production, while firing on a whim those who weren’t interested in his advances. His megalomania is seemingly not limited to the four vast walls of his fiction. By proxy of all Khrzhanovsky’s endeavours, be they sexual or cinematic or some nexus of the two, the allure surrounding the film extends beyond the speculation of what kind of Lev Landau story it’ll be. Nobody expects it to be a standard biopic by any stretch – a five hour scene of a man telling his wife he cheated on her was part of the edit back in 2015 – and the potentially double-digit number of films carved from the production’s mammoth 700 hours of footage (that’s almost 400 Dunkirks, to put things in context) hints at some sort of experimental observation of life itself across multiple platforms, chronicling the extraneous historical circumstances mirrored by its making. But that’s only once an audience steps in front of the first 24 of its multiple million frames. In the meantime, journalists like Michael Idov and James Meek have been the audience for the experiment, or have perhaps been unwitting parts of the experiment itself. Like Khrzhanovsky’s scolding of Idov, Meek’s account of his trip to 100 Piccadilly notes the showy security setup as having the feel of an elaborate performance. We the prospective audience of the film(s), who the director openly rejects, have thus far been a secondary audience to the various journalistic accounts. And whether or not this layer-upon-layer experimental setup was ever the intent (or whether Khrzhanovsky even sees it as such), it’s precisely the form in which Dau has existed for the last six years, and will continue to exist in until the coming October. Khrzhanovsky’s view on the role of the audience is his own, but there’s a certain irony to it. Whether or not an audience has yet sat down to experience Dau’s compressed time and space, the domino effect of rumours reaching journalists, and journalists in turn chronicling their experiences interacting with the film have become their own form of speculative storytelling; some kind of modern mythology. There are things we know for sure about Dau – that it’s been in the works since 2005, that the extensive regime the director had in place for his “actors” approaches a level of directorial lunacy previously unseen, and that 210,000 extras passed through the doors of The Institute after receiving Stalin-era makeovers – but the remaining details, both factual and emotional, are still speculation that falls in the realm of audience interpretation. Be it readers, Idov, Meek, or even the production managers who moved to Kharkov and became a living part of the set, starting families and getting married and breaking up along the way, no one can truly surmise the tangents along which Khrzhanovsky’s intentions have diverged, or if he even wanted to make the film beyond a certain point. Something so vast, that will likely never be seen by general audiences, can only exist as oral myth unless all its components are written about extensively or it somehow becomes widely available. In the age of streaming and Wikipedia, that’s an absolute diamond. While the likes of Hamilton may not be experienced on stage by the majority of its fans, its complete audio narrative is still available in digital form to anyone who wants it. I’m far from claiming scarcity as something of inherent value (I am, after all, an impatient child of the internet), but the absence of anything resembling an accurate narrative on the ins and outs of Dau is, in effect, its own form of narrative. It’s almost pre-Google in nature, along the lines of rumours of Marilyn Manson’s ribs that somehow traversed entire continents in the 1990s, only here the broadest factual details of its parameters have been made available. The skeleton set of a larger story. Colouring within those lines is left up to our own projections of megalomania and the limits of artistic obsession, or the lack thereof, as we obsessively fill in the details of what could possibly constitute, well, obsessive details, a process likely to continue as we watch the actual film unfold should we ever get the opportunity. How does this differ from any other work still in production? Perhaps it doesn’t. The line between constructing a work of cinema and enacting performance art is blurry to begin with, given that the former is both the preparation of the latter’s circumstances and the manipulation of its after-image. But that blur is so alluring in this case that even Yugoslavian performance artist Marina Abramović was drawn to it. She’s said to have infiltrated the set for a Garage Magazine photo shoot in 2011, and she even became a temporary part of the production in the process. Abramović is perhaps best known for The Artist is Present, which I had the privilege of visiting at the MoMA in New York back in 2010. Much of her decades-spanning body of work raises questions about the distinction between art and artist, and The Artist is Present is the simplest distillation of that idea. She sits in a chair in a cordoned off space. A viewer or audience member sits opposite her. They stare at each other for a couple of minutes, before another audience member takes their place. Abramović does this for days on end. That’s the entirety of the experience, and while it seems relatively simple at its outset (“So she just sits there?” Yeah, pretty much), being in its presence long enough brings to mind some vital queries. What part of the exhibit is the art, if any? Why is it art, or not art? Most importantly, when do we consider something “art” in the first place? Those are the kind of questions one could ask of a lot modern and/or performance pieces, and in some cases, the accompanying eye-rolls may even be warranted. But be it the emotional intimacy by simple virtue of artist-audience interaction, or the role of a present artist as the art, or the role of present audience in completing the art (if not being the art itself; Jay-Z and Mark Romanek’s Picasso Baby remixes this very concept), the thoughts Abramović’s work forces into our frontbrains, often through mere absence of what we traditionally consider art, are relevant to contextualizing this conversation. Which brings us back to our original starting point: What is Dau? Well, Dau is a movie. Or ten movies. Or perhaps twelve. Maybe it’s an app. Maybe something you’ll binge on Netflix someday, should hell finally freeze over. But the end-result on celluloid and its accompanying live and digital components, if they’re ever widely seen, are not the only art in question. In addition to those tangible facets of popular entertainment, Dau is and has been an artistic experiment regardless of intent, wherein the process of making the art is the art, wherein the witnessing of the process is the art, wherein the relaying of the process is the art, and wherein “the audience” as we understand it is in a simultaneous state of total absence and constant, ever-present fixation depending on how one defines the art in the first place. Like some avant-garde version of our modern superhero news cycle, it makes art an anticipatory process, acting as a crossroads between cinema – arguably the most complex, all-encompassing art form and one of our most recent – and the oral tradition of fire-side stories, whispered and passed down; one of our earliest. In between the extremes of this artistic spectrum lie the perils of the individual talent: acting and set design pushed to their nightmarish limits, journalists struggling to put their experiences into words, secondary chroniclers like myself attempting to further re-contextualize these mountains of madness, not to mention the undoubtedly arduous editing process of selecting what the shape the final products will even take. All this and more, amidst the ever-increasing possibility that the very process of creating art is a form of performance art to begin with. Dau will release in October 2017. It’s been on display since 2006. Sources/further reading: GQ, Michael Idov, Public Radio International, The Moscow Times, Screen Daily, Politico, Telegraph UK, London Review of Books 4 / Four / Chetyre - ENGLISH SUBTITLES (DVD NTSC) DVD \| Vox video Ilya Khrzhanovsky Siddhant Adlakha Just a city boy born and raised in South Mumbai, Siddhant splits his time between India and the United States. He's a freelance film critic and frequenter of both sides of stage & screen. He also got kicked out of a government office for doing real journalism once. @SidizenKane THE ROAD MOVIE Review: A Mondo Film For The YouTube Age By Andrew Todd, Jan 16, 2018 Dmitri Kalashnikov's dashcam doc shocks and entertains, even if it doesn't innovate. FNC2017 Review: SALYUT-7 Salutes Cosmonauts And Thrills Audiences By Andrew Todd, Oct 14, 2017 Russia's answer to APOLLO 13 is every bit as gripping as it should be. Fantasia 2017 Review: ATTRACTION Brings Russian Sci-Fi Into The Young Adult Era By Andrew Todd, Aug 06, 2017 Focus-grouped blockbusters come from Russia, too.	cc/2019-30/en_head_0039.json.gz/line633
__label__wiki	0.568479	0.568479	New Orleans Pelicans Win NBA Draft Lottery and Right to Select Zion Williamson “The biggest challenge is just trying to live up to everyone’s expectations,” Duke’s Zion Williamson said before the N.B.A.’s draft lottery on Tuesday. (Credit: Nuccio Dinuzzo/Associated Press) After months of breathless anticipation — and a race to the bottom of the standings by several teams — the New Orleans Pelicans shocked everyone by winning the N.B.A. draft lottery on Tuesday night, giving them the No. 1 pick in a draft that will include one of the most acclaimed prospects in league history: Duke’s Zion Williamson. For the Pelicans to win the lottery, the three teams with the worst records this season — the Knicks (17-65), the Cleveland Cavaliers (19-63) and the Phoenix Suns (19-63) — had to lose again. They each came into the night with a 14 percent chance of getting the top pick in a revamped system designed to reduce the value of finishing at the very bottom. The Knicks ended up with the No. 3 pick, the Cavaliers with No. 5 and the Suns with No. 6. New Orleans was tied for the seventh-best chance of getting the first pick — at just 6 percent — after finishing the season with a 33-49 record. Though not among the teams that appeared to tank for draft position, the Pelicans had trouble focusing all season because of drama surrounding a trade demand from their signature star, Anthony Davis. The question of what to do now about Davis — and possibly the rights to Williamson — will undoubtedly captivate the league in the lead-up to the draft at Barclays Center in Brooklyn on June 20. Regardless of whether New Orleans stays at No. 1 or trades the pick, the top choice in the draft will almost assuredly be used on the 18-year-old Williamson, a player who has received as much attention as any amateur since LeBron James went straight to the N.B.A. from high school in 2003. SOURCE: Benjamin Hoffman Previous articleKarl Vaters: In Praise of ‘Walmart Churches’ Next articleTragic: 3-Year-Old Boy Finds Gun and Kills Himself; Mother and Mother’s Boyfriend, Who Were Doing Drugs at the Time, Are Charged With Negligence Zion Williamson Out for NBA Summer League With Bruised Knee WATCH: Twitter Users Roast Woman Who Left Her Dog Outside While Filming California Earthquake Kawhi Leonard and Paul George Sign with LA Clippers Winners and Losers from Day 1 of NBA Free Agency Kristaps Porzingis Agrees to 5-year Contract With Dallas Mavericks Houston Rockets’ James Harden Pulled Over While Traveling in China	cc/2019-30/en_head_0039.json.gz/line635
__label__wiki	0.770367	0.770367	Home Film BGN Interview: The Tessa Thompson Rule Tessa Thompson and Gina Rodriguez in Annihilation (Photo by Photo credit: Peter Mountain - © 2018 Paramount Pictures.) BGN Interview: The Tessa Thompson Rule Leonardo Faierman Turns out, Tessa Thompson is exactly as wonderful as you think. With a diverse resume of work super-charged from notable turns in Dear White People and Creed, the actress has become a familiar and reliable face in modern film, able to deftly maneuver between superhero badass and approachable charm (sometimes even in the same movie). This year, an early and distinct role places her as astrophysicist Josie Radek in the adaptation of Jeff VanderMeer’s book Annihilation. As an intellectual science fiction film which primarily stars women with guns, Alex Garland directs a diverse crew venturing into unpredictably lethal territory—a plot of swampland sectioned off from stable reality by an incomprehensible force. Thompson’s character may be equipped with a rifle, but she’s a fairly reserved, science-minded outsider, hiding a nervous smile behind hands peeking from long sleeves; it’s about as far from Thor: Ragnarok‘s Valkyrie as you could imagine. But that’s Tessa, right? Ably pushing against any attempts to typecast her talents, exploring different potentials with a brilliant sense for a script—a topic we get into, among others, in the following interview. Black Girl Nerds wants to thank Tessa for taking a moment to talk about #MeToo, intuiting Radek, and considering my coinage of The Tessa Thompson Rule. Leonardo Faierman: Are you familiar at all with a term called the Harry Dean Stanton Rule? Tessa Thompson: No, but it sounds amazing, and I love what’s happening here. Leonardo: So, Roger Ebert made up this thing called the Harry Dean Stanton rule. It works like this: if Harry Dean Stanton is in a movie, it’s at least good. He’s never been in, just, a terrible movie. Any movie he’s ever been in is worth watching. And I would argue that—rest in peace, Mr. Stanton—we might have a successor, with the Tessa Thompson Rule. Because literally everything you’re in as at least good, if not excellent. Tessa: I don’t know if that’s the highest compliment—“everything you’re in as at least good”—but I kinda like it! I kinda f—k with it. Leonardo: It’s not an insult to the movies you’re in! But your track record is pretty much impeccable at this point. It’s sort of a boring question that actors must get asked a lot, but…you have a nose for your roles. What goes into that journey? Is there anything significant that goes into your choices? Right now, I’m going to SXSW, and I’m so excited to see Sorry To Bother You—you have no idea. Tessa: Oh! I didn’t know it was going to be at SXSW! Leonardo: Supposedly, from what I hear, it’s going to be at SXSW, and I’m just so excited. My homies saw it at Sundance and they were just crazy about it. Tessa: Oh, I wanna go! I’d want to see it with a SXSW audience, actually. So yeah, I dunno Leo. There’s no accounting for taste, man. I’m kidding, I’m kidding! But I feel like that’s what Harry Dean Stanton would say, so I was trying to play it off, but it felt weird. Delete! I trust my instincts. Ever since Dear White People, that sorta changed the game for me in a way. I really burned for that film when I read it. I was like, if anyone else gets to play this part, I’m going to be really pissed. When I understood what that felt like, I used it as the new normal, the new barometer for how I choose work. Even if a project felt risky, and even if no one else understood it on paper—and there are certainly some choices that I’ve had to explain to people that I work closely with—but if it’s with a collaborator that I really believe in? Justin Simien’s voice sung for me on paper when I read the screenplay for Dear White People. And, in a similar way, Alex Garland, when I saw Ex Machina. It’s really weird, I don’t know much of anything, but I have two weird sixth senses. I sometimes will pass a vintage or thrift store—and this sounds really trite—I’ll have to go in. Even if I’m going to be really late somewhere, I go in. And I find this gem, this thing, that’s grossly underpriced and beautiful, and fits me perfectly. I just have this thing, where I know: any time I feel that thing? I know that I have to go in. It’s never proved me wrong. In the same way, there’s been a couple projects that have come to me. I’m almost embarrassed to admit this, but…I went to an Essence awards show, Women in Hollywood. Ava Duvernay—and I’ve seen her work, followed it—she got on stage and was thanking Oprah for coming on board with her soon-to-be project Selma. I remember being in that room and being like, “I’m going to be in that movie.” I wasn’t even sure [if] the movie was “about Selma,” I didn’t even know exactly what this film was about! I suspected it could be about the event at Selma, but I also thought it could be about a woman named Selma. I was like, “I’m going to be her best friend, then!” [laughs] I just decided, then and there, that I was going to be in that movie. I had no business thinking that I would be, but it was just a feeling, like: I want to work with this woman. TRAILER: Storm Reid and David Oyelowo Star in the Blumhouse Thriller 'Don't Let Go' I had this same feeling when I saw Ex Machina, I was like, I want to work with Alex Garland. And it wasn’t even that [long] thereafter that I got sent the script for Annihilation…I almost couldn’t believe it. I was so nervous to meet with Alex, because I wanted it so badly. I just loved his work, I loved the script of Annihilation, I loved the prospect of getting to work in the company of women—it’s all too rare. [And yet,] the top three films of last year all [featured] women at their center. Leonardo: Very true. Tessa: Like Wonder Woman, and Star Wars… Leonardo: And Lady Bird. Wow, Lady Bird is so different from the previous two! Tessa: Yes! But so many of these top films have been female-led. And yet, you see, on the studio level in 2015, only one film was made with an all-female ensemble. And all those women were white, by the way. And, in 2016, no films were made with an all-female ensemble. So when the script came my way it felt rare, just in that way, but the material itself felt so singular. And Alex is such an auteur. So: it’s not really me. It’s just that I feel like if I have a hunch about someone, whether it’s a Justin Simien before anyone knows who Justin Simien is and his voice jumps off the page, or it’s a filmmaker that has made beautiful films, something in me goes, “I want to make something with you.” I felt the same way about Ryan Coogler. All these filmmakers. So I’ve just been so lucky that they’ve wanted to work with me as much as I’ve wanted to work with them. Leonardo: It’s interesting, it’s like the same thing—from what I know—with Oscar Isaac. Apparently the reason he got involved with Annihilation is that he was just like, “I want to have the experience of working with Alex Garland again, whatever the hell he’s doing.” Tessa: I can imagine! Because the work that Oscar gets to do in Ex Machina, that musta been…and that was the first time that I really got a look at Oscar’s work, and I was just like, this guy, man! Put him in everything! So I could see what he’d want to do that forever and ever! [laughs] Leonardo: My editor Jamie Broadnax wanted to make sure I asked you something, so here goes: When it comes to changing who has the power to create and tell stories to challenging sexual violence, there’s a broad movement for change currently happening within the entertainment industry. When designed and led by women of color, what looks different about this movement for change? Tessa: Oh my goodness, what a question! Well, it’s important to acknowledge [that] in this watershed moment that’s happening in Hollywood, the #MeToo movement, this powerful storytelling movement, was created by a woman of color in 2006. I think, so often, women of color, the conversations that we try to put forward to the culture often proceed when [they] really get embraced by popular culture, unfortunately. So, I think women of color have been making this call for real systemic change. But when we talk about the watershed moment we’re existing in inside of Hollywood, where we’re asking for safety in the workplace, for equity in the workplace, I think the voices of women of color are going to be so important, because we understand [it’s about] even just issues of safety. The gross abuses of power disproportionately hurt us. Because of where we’ve been positioned historically, women of color are not the first to be believed or embraced when we speak up against that injustice. So it’s important that we acknowledge that in this movement. And then, when we go a step further—or, actually, not even further, because to me, [these issues] are all bound up. You cannot separate issues from class or race or gender. But, additionally, when we talk about equity within the workplace, even the conversations that we’re having now about pay equity, that is a whole different landscape and minefield for a woman of color. So I think we’re just going to need women of color to be positioned front and center in helping to create to this culture of change. And we also need our white sisters to step up. We need them to do things like Jessica Chastain did, to be curious about what we’re paid, and then want to ask, let’s get her paid. Let’s make sure there’s equity between us. I think that’s real, that’s really the brand of feminism that we need now, and I think that’s what’s happening. Leonardo: I think you put it so well. It’s sort of like, there’s a baseline that needs to be reached, to even move forward. That baseline includes things like safety, which is still not quite there. Tessa: Yeah, you’re right. Leonardo: I’d like to get another Annihilation question in, if possible. So, in the film, I feel like your character represents a super-recognizable woman nerd. Tessa: [laughs] Leonardo: You’re like, maybe a little bit insecure. You’re distracted by your research, by your pursuits. A little head-in-the-clouds, a little distracted, because you’re so focused on what you’re working on. Is there something in particular that went into how you portray your Annihilation character? Tessa: Particularly, in what sense? In like, what I did, in order to find that? Leonardo: Yeah, like part of that characterization. What did you search for, what did you look for? Tessa: Well, there are so many things. Even just trying to unpack—which is impossible to do, because it’s not my mind, not the world I come from—but trying to unpack some of these theories, being an astrophysicist and trying to familiarize myself with that world and speaking with scientists, something that I thought about a lot [was this]: if you look at the natural phenomena around you, even the most mundane of things, like condensation on glass for example, because you’re a scientist and you understand it, does that add a certain majesty to life? Or does it take away magic? Does it mean, because you understand more of your natural surroundings, that it sets you apart, a little bit, from other people? I think it probably does, in a way, [but] you can relate to other scientists because you share the same lexicon. I had this experience at Sundance when I was watching Octavia Spencer on a panel with a bunch of NASA scientists and they were talking in shorthand. I’m sure a vast majority of the audience couldn’t understand it, [even] if it was the simplest stuff. Octavia finally said, “I’m sorry, does anyone know what she’s talking about?” And it just let the air out of the room, because nobody knew what she was talking about, except for a guy next to her, the other scientist. Except for that guy. And so, I thought about, with [the astrophysicist character in Annihilation] Radek, what that means. To be privvy to knowledge that, in a way, should be accessible to everyone, because: you look up at the stars, we all see the stars. But the way Radek sees the stars is so wildly different, because she understands them. And that can be something that is so powerful for you, particularly if you’re not that good at, like, the “human” of it all? But it can also be something that stands to separate you from other humans, if you’re not in an environment where that’s integrated. So, I thought a a lot about that with Radek. Also…she’s like, a virgin. I mean, she’s not like a virgin, she is a virgin. Which was just something in the characterization that [I found]. Leonardo: Interesting. Tessa: I just guessed it. I just asked Alex, I was like, “Did you write her as a virgin?” And he was like, “Yeah, actually.” I was like, “Cool.” Leonardo: [laughs] What you’re saying really informs who she is, when she’s meditating in that scene in the movie. She’s just kind of thinking on another level. Tessa: Yeah, she is! And it makes sense to me that she’s the one that would figure out what is happening in that environment. Because she’s such a keen observer, and her shyness [makes] her thoughts get stuck in her throat at times. So she’s processing and making a hypothesis really early on, but she doesn’t have the bravado that a lot of scientists have, where they want to say what their hypothesis is and really let people know. She’s a little too uncertain, so she waits until she has really even footing. But I think that makes her such an incredibly investigator, because she’s open and available to really taking things in. But, I really wish that she could’ve gotten laid before [SPOILER REDACTED] Leonardo: [laughs] Here, here! Tessa Thompson is featured in Annihilation, Alex Garland’s new film adaptation of the first book in Jeff VanderMeer’s Southern Reach Trilogy. Annihilation releases in theaters later this month, on February 23rd. Previous articleBGN Film Review: ‘Hey Arnold! The Jungle Movie’ Next articleA Look at Black Panther: Changing a New Generation Leonardo Faierman is the senior film editor at Black Girl Nerds. Born in Buenos Aires, raised in Queens, Bar Mitzvah'd at Young Israel, buried under student loans. He writes video game, music, film, and movie reviews, as well as poetry, comic books, bad dreams and good copy. He's 1/5th of the comics podcast #BlackComicsChat and 1/2 of horror film podcast The Scream Squad. BGN #44 \| The Force Sleeps On Women of Color and... Jamie Broadnax	cc/2019-30/en_head_0039.json.gz/line636
__label__wiki	0.942822	0.942822	Defenseman John Gilmour: 'Something special is brewing in Buffalo' Defenseman John Gilmour had 20 goals with Hartford of the American Hockey League last season. (Getty Images) By Lance Lysowski\|Published Fri, Jul 12, 2019 The story sounded familiar to John Gilmour. The 26-year-old was training in a Montreal gym Tuesday when a teenage hockey player lamented about not making a top AAA midget team. The boy was discouraged and frustrated but found the advice he was seeking. At 16, Gilmour was not drafted in the Quebec Major Junior Hockey League. With few options of playing competitively in his hometown, he decided to email a number of prep school coaches in the United States. Teams in Montreal weren't eager to take a 5-foot-7 defenseman. Those emails eventually led him to Gilmour Academy in Gates Mills, Ohio, and began Gilmour's journey to the United States Hockey League, Providence College and, eventually, the Buffalo Sabres. The unusual road to the National Hockey League partially explains why Gilmour is eager for Sabres training camp to begin in September. "It sounded like something special is brewing in Buffalo, and I feel like at this stage in my career, it is something I want to be a part of," Gilmour, who signed a one-year, one-way contract with the Sabres last week, told The Buffalo News in a phone interview Tuesday. "It’s a team I want to make. At the end of the day, based on what they were telling me, I feel like it will be a good chance for me here." Gilmour could still be viewed as undersized for a defenseman — listed at 6-foot, 194 pounds — but he's no longer overlooked. He has played 33 NHL games with the New York Rangers, scoring two goals among five points with a minus-14 rating. The former seventh-round draft pick also became the first rookie defenseman in Rangers history to score a game-winning overtime goal, accomplishing the feat against the Vancouver Canucks on Feb. 28, 2018. Latest Sabres Johan Larsson returning to Sabres on one-year, $1.55 million contract Fri, Jul 12, 2019 General Manager Jason Botterill retained another piece to his roster puzzle Friday when center Johan Larsson signed a one-year contract to return to the Buffalo Sabres next season.Larsson, 26, will count $1.55 million against the salary cap in 20… Defenseman John Gilmour: 'Something special is brewing in Buffalo' Fri, Jul 12, 2019 What's next for the Sabres after trading for another defenseman? Thu, Jul 11, 2019 As Jason Botterill's moves keep flying in, it looks like Sabres' big deal is still to come Wed, Jul 10, 2019 Amerks' 2019-20 schedule includes game at Toronto's Scotiabank Arena Wed, Jul 10, 2019 Henri Jokiharju out to prove he can 'play a whole season' with Sabres Wed, Jul 10, 2019 Sabres acquire 'mobile' defenseman Henri Jokiharju from Chicago for Alexander Nylander Tue, Jul 9, 2019 Clarence Center native Case McCarthy to join Sabres prospects at showcase Tue, Jul 9, 2019 The left-shot defenseman played 28 games with the Rangers in 2017-18, only to receive a five-game stint with the team last season, despite being one of the top players in the American Hockey League with the Hartford Wolf Pack. Gilmour ranked second among all AHL defensemen in goals (20) – which was a franchise single-season record for a defenseman – and points (54), trailing only Rochester's Zach Redmond (21) in the former category. He also was named an AHL all-star for a second consecutive season. Since signing with the Rangers as a free agent in August 2016, Gilmour has impressed with his puck-moving ability and speed – he won the AHL's CCM fastest skater competition during all-star festivities in 2017-18 – but he showed last season that he has evolved into a reliable two-way defenseman. "Comfort definitely played into it, with it being my third year," said Gilmour, who won an NCAA Championship with Providence in 2015. "I was more familiar with the organization and coaches. I was playing more on the power play and felt more comfortable with my skills. That comes with the preparation I put in [during] the summer. I worked really hard, and I was lucky to score a few more goals than the year before. Felt really good out there." Yet Gilmour was not recalled to the NHL by the Rangers until March 19, three weeks after they were sellers at the trade deadline. He appeared in five of their final 10 games, averaging 16:05 of ice time and recording a minus-3 rating. Gilmour was credited with seven blocked shots in a 2-1 win at Toronto on March 23, and two nights later, he had three shots on goal in a 5-2 loss to the Pittsburgh Penguins. The performances illustrated how Gilmour had progressed since making his professional debut. Gilmour had a minus-39 rating as a rookie with Hartford in 2016-17 — the Wolf Pack were the worst team in the AHL with a minus-86 goal differential — as he struggled to adjust to the grind of a 76-game regular-season schedule. Despite showing progress, Gilmour did not appear to be in the Rangers' roster plans for 2019-20, and he received interest from around the NHL when teams began negotiating with unrestricted free agents June 23. "I learned a lot about myself as a player," Gilmour said of his experience with the Rangers. " I had some good games in there and also had some bad games. I learned I can play in the league. I can stick in the league and have an impact on games. There were some games I felt I played over 20 minutes a night and that’s significant. I learned a lot in that sense and that the margin for error is slimmer in the national league, so you have to tighten up defensively." Gilmour will again face long odds to make the Sabres' roster out of training camp in September. As of now, the team is expected to have five other left-handed defensemen — Rasmus Dahlin, Jake McCabe, Marco Scandella, Matt Hunwick and Lawrence Pilut — who can be penciled into the lineup or will compete for a roster spot. Pilut will miss the start of the season after undergoing shoulder surgery this offseason, which could open the door for Gilmour to make the team. To prepare, Gilmour has continued watching video clips, engages in on- and off-ice workouts in Montreal, and practices visualization, picturing himself contributing in the NHL next season. The days of sending emails trying to find a team are over. Now, Gilmour plans to take advantage of his latest opportunity. "I’m very confident and also excited," he said. "It’s a new beginning for me, a new organization. There’s going to be a lot of new faces and lessons to learn. I’m very confident, working really hard. I’m healthy. I know there are a couple more months this offseason, so I’m going to continue this pattern and get better. Try to go into training camp with as much momentum as possible and try to make an impression." Story topics: Buffalo Sabres Lance Lysowski – Lance Lysowski is the Sabres beat writer for The Buffalo News. He previously covered the Pittsburgh Pirates and University of Pittsburgh athletics.	cc/2019-30/en_head_0039.json.gz/line640
__label__wiki	0.929626	0.929626	“HOSTED BY GLENN GOULD” presented by Art of Time Ensemble Name: “HOSTED BY GLENN GOULD” presented by Art of Time Ensemble Website: https://rockportmusic.org/hosted-by-glenn-gould/ Glenn Gould was known as both a musical genius and a great eccentric. His perspective is presented, via screenings of CBC’s Glenn Gould on Television, as introductions to live performances of chamber music by Shostakovich and Beethoven. Led by Artistic Director Andrew Burashko, Art of Time Ensemble transforms the way people experience music. Fusing high art and popular culture in concerts that juxtapose the best of each genre. Art of Time entertains as it enlightens, revealing the universal qualities that lie at the heart of all great music. BEETHOVEN: Cello Sonata No. 5, Op. 102, No. 2 SHOSTAKOVICH: Piano Quintet in G minor, Op. 57 ABOUT ART OF TIME ENSEMBLE Andrew Burashko, piano \| Pieter Wispelwey, cello \| Pei-Shan Lee, piano Festival Quartet: Benjamin Bowman, violin\| Barry Shiffman, viola \| Danny Koo, violin \| Tom Wiebe, cello Andrew Burashko formed Art of Time Ensemble in 1998 with the support of a small group of like-minded musicians and prominent figures in dance, theatre and other art forms. Since then, the ensemble has become a cultural tour de force, collaborating with some of the most acclaimed artists in the world including writers like Margaret Atwood, choreographers such as Peggy Baker, singers like Madeleine Peyroux, filmmakers like Tess Girard, and a host of many others. Art of Time has enjoyed annual perfromances at Toronto’s Harbourfront Centre Theatre, and regularly appears as part of the Royal Conservatory of Music performance season at Koerner Hall. The company is invited to perform at festivals and events across Canada, including Music in the Morning in Vancouver, the Banff Centre, Chamberfest and the National Arts Centre in Ottawa. “Pianist Andrew Burashko has been fusing the arts in beautifully crafted, themed programs under the banner of his Art of Time Ensemble since 1998. It’s hard to overstate the stylishness of this program. The Art of Time Ensemble is a class act that attracts top talent.” The Globe And Mail ANDREW BURASHKO, piano Since his brilliant début with the Toronto Symphony at the age of seventeen, Andrew Burashko has established himself as one of the most sought-after soloists in Canada. He has performed extensively around the world collaborating with conductors Jukka-Pekka Saraste, Pinchas Zukerman, Marin Alsop, among others. Passionately dedicated to the music of our time as well as the great piano masterworks of the past, Andrew Burashko has developed a reputation for versatility and brilliantly conceived programs. He has given numerous Canadian and world premières, including the Canadian première of Schnittke’s Piano Concerto. He is on the faculty of the Glenn Gould School at the Royal Conservatory of Music in Toronto. PIETER WISPELWEY, cello Cellist Pieter Wispelwey has enjoyed a long, lauded career built upon his ease with both period and modern works, combined with a truly original interpretative ability and phenomenal technical mastery. He has won the hearts of critics and public alike in repertoire ranging from JS Bach to Schnittke, Elliott Carter and works composed for him. Wispelwey enjoys many fruitful chamber music collaborations, with regular duo partners like pianists Cédric Tiberghien and Alasdair Beatson. Wispelwey’s career spans five continents and he has appeared as soloist with many of the world’s leading orchestra. Wispelwey has established a reputation as one of the most charismatic recitalists on the circuit. Born in The Netherlands, Wispelwey’ studied with Dicky Boeke and Anner Bylsma in Amsterdam and later with Paul Katz in the USA and William Pleeth in the UK. Pieter Wispelwey plays on a 1760 Giovanni Battista Guadagnini cello and a 1710 Rombouts baroque cello. PEI-SHAN LEE, piano Pianist Pei-Shan Lee has become one of the most sought-after pianists on the concert circuit today, with performances at The Kennedy Center, Lincoln Center’s Avery Fisher and Alice Tully Hall, Carnegie Hall’s Weill Recital Hall, and Boston’s Jordan Hall, among many others. Ms. Lee has collaborated with some of America’s most important musicians, including Donald Weilerstein, Ani Kavafian, Stefan Jackiw, Kim Kashkashian, and Andres Diaz, as well as the Jupiter, the Harlem, and the Formosa String quartets. A member of the Collaborative Piano and Chamber Music faculty at the New England Conservatory, Ms. Lee recently created a new MM in Collaborative Piano at the California State University Northridge. While studying at The Cleveland Institute, she was awarded the Rosa Lobe Memorial Award in recognition of the highest level of artistic achievement in Collaborative Piano. Her doctoral thesis “The Collaborative Pianist: Balancing Roles in Partnership”, has become an important resource for schools wishing to begin/develop a Collaborative Piano program. BENJAMIN BOWMAN, violin American-Canadian violinist Benjamin Bowman was recently appointed as concertmaster of the Metropolitan Opera by maestro Nézét-Seguin. Benjamin is very active and engaged as a chamber musician, recitalist and soloist. Most recently, he was nominated for a 2017 Grammy for his recording with the ARC (Artists of the Royal Conservatory) Ensemble (‘The Chamber Works of Jerzy Fitelberg’) and was also featured on the 2013 Juno-winning album ‘Levant’ with the Amici Chamber Ensemble. Bowman received his Bachelor of Music degree from the Curtis Institute of Music. His instrument was made by François Pique, in Paris, in 1798. DANNY KOO, violin Described as “unstinting in energetic projection every step of the way” (Calgary Herald), violinist Danny Koo has carved out a distinctive professional profile as a chamber musician, soloist, and recitalist in appearances throughout the world. An outgoing personality, Danny has been profiled on Korean television and in print media, including Marie Claire Korea and Scene Playbill Magazine. Most recently, Danny shared at two TEDxBeaconStreet conferences. He currently leads Toronto’s Academy Chamber Orchestra alongside Barry Shiffman at the Royal Conservatory of Music, where he is a Rebanks Fellow. In Korea, he has partnered with ‘Pinkfong’ (creators of Baby Shark) to educate and excite the youngest generation of our world about classical music. He holds a Bachelor of Music and Master of Music degrees from the New England Conservatory. He plays on a violin made in Naples by Vincenzo Postiglione in 1901. BARRY SHIFFMAN, viola Artistic director of the Rockport Chamber Music Festival and classical music at Rockport Music, internationally acclaimed violinist and violist Barry Shiffman is well-respected as a musician, educator and administrator. He was co-founder of the St. Lawrence String Quartet, and currently serves as both the Associate Dean and Director of Chamber Music at the Glenn Gould School and Dean of the Phil and Eli Taylor Performance Academy for Young Artists at The Royal Conservatory of Music in Toronto. While in SLSQ, Shiffman served as artist-in-residence at Stanford University from 1998 to 2006 and as visiting artist at the University of Toronto from 1995 to 2006. He has also served in numerous roles at the Banff Centre and is currently Executive Director of the Banff International String Quartet Competition. Recipient of the Longy School’s Nadia Boulanger Prize for Excellence in the Art of Teaching, he received his formal studies at the Royal Conservatory in Toronto, University of Toronto, Utrecht Conservatory, Hartt School of Music, Juilliard School and Yale University. TOM WIEBE, cello Thomas Wiebe is an acclaimed cellist with performances at many of the world’s finest halls and festivals. He is a founding member of the Duke Trio and a member of the Rebelheart Collective. Recently Mr. Wiebe has performed along with the ARC Ensemble and the Art of Time Ensemble. On numerous occasions he has been a guest artist with the Kitchener-Waterloo Symphony Orchestra and Orchestra London Canada. He has also been heard as soloist with the Juilliard Orchestra at Lincoln Center in New York, and with the Winnipeg Symphony Orchestra. Thomas Wiebe studied cello in his native Winnipeg with the late Julie Banton, and later studied at the Eastman School of Music, Yale University and the Juilliard School. Mr. Wiebe is Associate Professor of Violoncello at the Don Wright Faculty of Music at Western University in London. He is also on the faculty of the Domaine Forget Summer Music Academy in Quebec.	cc/2019-30/en_head_0039.json.gz/line642
__label__wiki	0.559541	0.559541	Archive for March 18, 2009 57th Annual Mobil 1 Twelve Hours of Sebring Posted: March 18, 2009 in Motorsport Tags: Acura, Audi, Audi R15, Peugeot, Sebring It’s time again for one of my favourite sportscar races. The Sebring 12 Hours is usually a good indicator of who is going to do well at Le Mans in June and as can be seen in the table below, Audi have dominated over the past decade although the Penske Porsche Spyder LMP2 (which did not compete at Le Mans in 2008) won last year. Unfortunately Porsche have pulled out of the ALMS this year, which leaves Audi with their all new R15-TDi to go up against Peugeot and their 908. Acura also have a new LMP1 car after competing for a few years with an LMP2 car. They are going to be the only manufacturer of the three contenders for outright victory, taking in the complete ALMs series, although unlike Peugeot and Audi, they won’t be at Le Mans. From the Sebring International Raceway website. “The stage is set for America’s premier sports car endurance race. At 10:30 am on Saturday, the 57th Annual Mobil 1 Twelve Hours of Sebring presented by Fresh from Florida takes the green flag, kicking-off the 2009 American Le Mans Series season. Since its founding in 1952, the Sebring endurance classic has compiled 672 hours of racing history, with nearly 2.4 million racing miles run on the famous road racing track that evolved from a World War II Army Air Force training base. On Saturday, Le Mans prototypes will reach speeds nearing 200 mph on the Ulmann Straight, the same strip of concrete the famous B-17 “Memphis Belle” landed on sixty-six years earlier. Sebring International Raceway is America’s premier sports car racing facility. Nestled among the orange groves and cattle ranches of central Florida, it is the oldest permanent road racing track in North America, evolving from a World War II air base. Sebring is world famous for the annual 12 Hours of Sebring endurance race, part of the prestigious American Le Mans Series. Every year on the third Saturday of March, the raceway hosts thousands of race fans from around the world to witness the historic 12 hour classic. All the legends have raced at Sebring… Mario Andretti, A.J. Foyt, Dan Gurney, Stirling Moss, Juan Manuel Fangio, Phil Hill and dozens of other international motor racing legends, driving race cars built by the world’s great manufacturers such as Ferrari, Porsche, Jaguar, Audi, Ford, Maserati, Aston Martin and Nissan. Today, Sebring International Raceway is owned by the Panoz Motorsports Group, whose founder Dr. Don Panoz revived the famous Sebring circuit in 1999 by initiating a multi-million dollar enhancement program. The track is active 365 days a year with automotive testing, club events, racing schools, corporate events and other activities. Conveniently located adjacent to the Sebring Regional Airport, it is less than 100 miles from Tampa, Orlando, West Palm Beach and Sarasota.” · “Sebring International Raceway is a 3.7 mile, 17-turn circuit. It is the Oldest road course in North America, portions of which were originally a WWII B-17 training base. · 3,360 cars have started the 12 Hours of Sebring, covering over 2.3 million miles on the famous circuit. · 102 drivers have won the 12 Hours of Sebring. Thirty-nine drivers from the USA have won, more than any other country. · Audi has won Sebring eight consecutive years. · In 2008, the 57th Annual Mobil 1 12 Hours of Sebring presented By Fresh From Florida received 170,800 spectators. · Steve McQueen, James Brolin, Gene Hackman, Craig T. Nelson, Paul Newman and Patrick Dempsey are among the many entertainers who have driven at Sebring.” Overall Winners Since 1999 JJ Lehto Jörg Müller BMW V12 LMR 1863.781 km Frank Biela Audi Sport North America Rinaldo Capello Laurent Aïello Christian Pescatori Marco Werner Philipp Peter Infineon Team Joest Pierre Kaffer Audi Sport UK Team Veloqx ADT Champion Racing Audi R10 TDI (Diesel) 2165.8 km Romain Dumas Emmanuel Collard Porsche RS Spyder Weather experts are in agreement that the 57th Annual Mobil 1 Twelve Hours of Sebring presented by Fresh from Florida will be run under mostly sunny skies with temperatures near 80 degrees. America’s oldest and most prestigious endurance race takes the green flag at 10:30 am on Saturday, March 21st. Long-range forecasts show mild temperatures and a very low percentage chance of rain the entire four-day event. Sebring International Raceway http://www.sebringraceway.com/ Complete Entry List http://www.americanlemans.com/images/events/2009SebringEntries.pdf Sebring Hall Of Fame Inductees http://www.sebringraceway.com/hof_inductees.lasso A History of the Sebring 12 Hours http://www.sebringraceway.com/history_lookback.lasso My personal view is that the new Audi R15 is going to do very well. I predict that the Joest Audi of Capello, McNish and Kristensen will beat the Peugeots whilst the Acura looks so far to be a big disappointment. I expect that the R15 is much faster than the old Audi R10 which defeated the Peugeots at Le Mans in June and I expect them to be the fastest cars in the race, but as has been proven in endurance racing several times, the fastest cars do not always win. There is the possibility that the Audis are too new and may not last the distance, in which case the Peugeots should be able to pick up the crumbs.	cc/2019-30/en_head_0039.json.gz/line643
__label__wiki	0.659216	0.659216	Michael Ahmadshahi is considered to be among the best and most thorough Intellectual Property attorneys because of his first-hand experience and knowledge in researching, writing and filing patents. Rick Weinberg If you have an invention or idea worth patenting, you naturally would want to consult with an Intellectual Property (IP) attorney at some point in the process, preferably in the beginning. The ideal scenario would be to find an IP attorney who owns his own patents. Unfortunately, there’s not too many of them. But Michael Ahmadshahi is one of them. And he doesn’t just own one patent. Or two. Try three. “In my 15 years as a lawyer, I’ve never met an IP attorney – or any other attorney — who owns a patent,” Ahmadshahi says. “It’s very rare.” The Irvine, California-based counselor is considered to be among the best in his profession because of his all-around, first-hand experience and knowledge in researching, writing and filing patents. In fact, there is a good chance you may be hearing about Ahmadshahi’s primary patent sometime in the near future. It’s a cell phone app called Textolla, an inventive application that may truly become one of the most popular in the marketplace. Michael Ahmadshahi With Textolla, an individual types in a text, which is then converted into audio. Then you choose an animated character – including celebrities – to deliver the text. Next, the person receiving the text sees an animated version of say, Clint Eastwood, saying “Make my day” or a Donald Trump imitator saying “Make America Great Again” or Jerry Seinfeld saying “H-e-l-l-o.” There are millions of options – from actors like Brad Pitt and Julie Roberts to musicians like Paul McCartney and Mick Jagger. Or athletes like Tom Brady and LeBron James. The list is endless. If you’re thinking about the legalities of such an app, well — it’s legal because it is protected under first amendment law. “No one can use Clint Eastwood’s actual voice but they can use someone mimicking or imitating him and they can use an image of him as well because it’s a parody,” Ahmadshahi says. From a legal perspective, parody is the key word because “parody is the exception to right of publicity, making it available for public and commercial use,” Ahmadshahi says. Ahmadshahi envisions he is going to experience huge success with the app. “Absolutely — I think it’s going to be smashing success,” he says. Just like his law practice, which happens to be his “second career.” He was originally the lead scientist for C.E. Niehoff & Company in Chicago for almost a decade. The firm is a defense contractor that manufactures state-of-the-art generators for military vehicles. When the company wanted to file one of its first patent utilizing microcontrollers, the VP of engineering tapped Ahmadshahi as the one to head up the project. When Ahmadshahi met the company’s patent attorney the first time, and they began reviewing the company’s patent, “I easily answered every one of his questions,” Ahmadshahi says. During the interview process, Ahmadshahi thought to himself, “Hey, I can do this. I could be a patent attorney.” The year was 1995. He was 35 years old and equipped with a Ph.D. in Aerospace Engineering, as well as a Masters and a Bachelors. He loved working as a scientist, especially for C.E. Niehoff, but during the final year of his seven-year tenure with the firm, “I became a little bored,” he admits. “There were days I’d walk the halls thinking, ‘I can do my job in one hour – why am I here for eight hours.’ There were multiple staff meetings and all the other things that happen during the course of the day.” Then, when he met with the company’s patent attorney, “I was just so impressed with him and his style,” Ahmadshahi says. “That was the moment I looked into the future and I just felt it was time to start thinking about making a transition into a second career.” Several years later, after perfecting his patent-writing skills and his overall knowledge of patents, he left Chicago for law school in California at Western State University College of Law. He passed the bar in 2002 and became a partner at Law Offices of Kayhan S. Shakib in Los Angeles, a litigation firm. One year later, he went off on his own, launching his own individual practice in November 2003. Besides IP, Ahmadshahi also specializes in corporate law, including the procurement and licensing of patents, trademarks, and copyrights. He also litigates infringement, invalidity, trade secrets, and unfair competition as well as corporate and business matters before federal and state courts. MICHAEL M. AHMADSHAHI, PhD, Esq. Ahmadshahi Law Offices Wells Fargo Tower 2030 Main Street, Ste. 1300 Tel.: 949.260.4997 mahmadshahi@mmaiplaw.com www.mmaiplaw.com Pingback: California Business Journal article on Michael Ahmadshahi - Ahmadshahi Law Offices / November 21, 2017 Sue Cobb / November 17, 2017 Very entertaining article. I like your style. Carla Arugio / November 13, 2017 Yes, right on. It would be very wise to have an IP attorney who has a patent. Good job.	cc/2019-30/en_head_0039.json.gz/line644
__label__wiki	0.581446	0.581446	Success Stories: Jorge L. Ibáñez at Inditex By Talent and CareersAlumni profile Job Search Success Stories Jorge L. Ibáñez, had previous experience in the Hospitality industry but after graduating from IE he decided to change completely his career path and shift to the Retail industry. Jorge has shared with us his story and how he achieved his career success at Inditex. Success Stories: J.J. Casey at Kraft Heinz His brief exchange at USC triggered a passion for consumer behavior, and therefore applied for the IE MRCB. Once he began studying here (with no previous business experience) he knew he wanted to be involved either directly in Market Research (Quantitative) or a Fast Moving Consumer Goods (FMCG) company. After doing his homework, J.J. has secured a position in the Kraft Heinz European Trainee Program, at which he will start next October 2017. He has prepared and shared with us a very well-detailed outline of how an assessment day at a company like Kraft Heinz might be. In pursuit of my passion Dr. Manik’s experience as a medical doctor finally takes a career shift thanks to his thorough preparation and thanks to IE. He is now ready to face a new challenge and enter the healthcare sector from a consultancy and strategic functional angle. Success Stories: Sara García Tejedo at Apple & Google Sara García Tejedo, IE Master in Management 2015 graduate, based in London, recently joined Google as Partner Manager for Youtube in the UK market. However, her successful story began just after she finished studying at IE Business School, when she entered Apple’s Global Leadership Programme. Success Stories: Roman Fernandez at Roland Berger By Ana GilSuccess Stories Roman Fernandez, IE International MBA 2017, was bound to become an entrepreneur. That was one of the major reasons why he chose IE. This was his dream, despite having a long career in operations in the automotive industry. However, as he puts it: “while pursuing my entrepreneurship dream, I discovered the many overlapping attributes between entrepreneurship and management consulting”, which led him to gybe and follow a new course. Success Stories: Shehab El-Sherei at Eli Lilly Shehab El-Sherei graduated from the IE International MBA in 2016. In October 2016, he returned home to started his first assignment for the Eli Lilly Corporate Leadership Development Program in Cairo, Egypt. His job title is Corporate Leadership Development Specialist, the role is focused on Sales & Marketing to equip you with business acumen required for a fast-track to General Management roles.	cc/2019-30/en_head_0039.json.gz/line649
__label__wiki	0.923428	0.923428	Montgomery Gentry Hit the Stage for First Shows Without Troy Gentry [Watch] Montgomery Gentry are back onstage for their first shows since the death of Troy Gentry, and new fan-shot footage shows how Eddie Montgomery and his band are getting around his absence onstage. Gentry died in a helicopter crash before a scheduled Montgomery Gentry show in October of 2017, and Montgomery took the rest of the year off before returning to the stage on Jan. 19 for the first date of Montgomery Gentry's 2018 Here's to You Tour. A fan captured the video above during the second night of the tour on Jan. 20 at the Family Arena in St. Charles, Mo., offering fans who weren't at the show their first glimpse at how the band is moving on without Gentry. The nearly 23-minute video features highlights from some of Montgomery Gentry's biggest hits, including "Where I Come From," "Something to Be Proud Of," "Hell Yeah," "Lucky Man," "My Town" and "Gone." Montgomery still serves in the same role he's always played onstage, singing his familiar parts and riling up the crowd, while the other musicians who have played in Montgomery Gentry for years take turns splitting Gentry's parts. Eddie Montgomery Opens Up About Troy Gentry's Death "At first I was gonna sing everything, and then I'm like, 'You know what, I don't think I should do that,'" Montgomery tells Taste of Country. "All of our guys [in the band] are great singers, too, and of course, they've been our family, also. All of us guys together have been on that bus for 20 years ... we got to talking about it, and the band was like, 'Man, we would really like to sing a verse here or sing a verse there.'" He admits it gave him "a lot of sleepless nights" to decide whether to move forward with Montgomery Gentry without his partner of more than two decades, but he remembered a conversation they'd had in which they agreed that if one of them died, the other should continue on with the music they'd made. "I called the band up, too ... I was like 'You know what, T-Roy would kick my ass if we didn't keep it rocking right now," Montgomery says. Montgomery Gentry's ninth studio album, Here's to You, is set for release on Feb. 2. The duo finished the recording just two days prior to Gentry's death. The Here's to You Tour runs through Sept. 15. Eddie Montgomery Talks About Moving on After Tragedy Remembering Montgomery Gentry's Troy Gentry Next: Full Details on the Death of Troy Gentry Source: Montgomery Gentry Hit the Stage for First Shows Without Troy Gentry [Watch] Filed Under: Eddie Montgomery, Montgomery Gentry	cc/2019-30/en_head_0039.json.gz/line651
__label__wiki	0.937364	0.937364	Marty Walsh Martin J. Walsh, an accomplished advocate for working people, a son of immigrants and a proud product of the city of Boston, is a candidate for Mayor. An experienced state lawmaker and native of Dorchester, Marty has the record, skills and passion needed to move Boston forward. Marty’s parents both emigrated from Ireland in the 1950s and came to Boston. Having met at the Intercolonial, a dance hall on Dudley Street, John and Mary Walsh married and settled in a home on Taft Street in St. Margaret’s Parish, where Marty and his brother Johnny grew up, and where his mother still lives. At age seven, Marty survived a bout of Burkett’s lymphoma, a form of childhood cancer, thanks in part to experimental treatments and extraordinary care he received at Children’s Hospital and Dana-Farber Cancer Institute. After attending St. Margaret’s School in Dorchester and Newman Prep High School, Marty followed in his father’s footsteps to become a union laborer, working his first job at the age of 18 at Commonwealth Pier (now known as the World Trade Center) on the South Boston waterfront. With both Marty’s father and uncle active in leadership of Laborers Local 223, the Walsh household was filled with discussions about politics, the labor movement, and the importance of being involved. In 1997, Marty won election to the Massachusetts House of Representatives, representing the 13th Suffolk District, which includes Dorchester and ranks among the most diverse districts in the state. In the House, Marty has established himself as a leader on creating and protecting jobs, and growing the economy. He is the author of landmark public construction law reforms that increased flexibility and accountability, helped pass transit-oriented mixed-use “smart growth district” legislation, and has been a strong supporter of infrastructure and zoning improvements. During the fiscal crisis of the past several years, Marty was a key broker in compromise legislation giving municipalities more tools to negotiate substantial savings on health insurance benefits while protecting the rights of hardworking people to receive the decent pay and benefits they have earned. A founding board member of the Neighborhood House Public Charter School, Marty has been an aggressive advocate for strong public schools. He has championed annual funding for alternative schools in Boston and helped pass a law that allows the city to transform underperforming schools into pilot, magnet and in-district charter schools. A champion for civil rights, Marty was a strong and early advocate for marriage equality, which he calls his proudest vote ever as a legislator. He has also become known as the State House leader on substance abuse and recovery issues. Marty previously served as chairman of the Committee on Homeland Security and Federal Affairs and is currently the House chair of the Ethics Committee. Marty simultaneously rose through the ranks of his union, Laborers Local 223, culminating with his selection in 2011 to lead the Building and Construction Trades Council of the Metropolitan District, a role which he held for two years until resigning in order to run for Mayor. As head of the Building Trades, Marty worked with business and community leaders and city officials to promote high quality development, producing construction and permanent jobs for the city, along with new tax revenue. Marty negotiated a Project Labor Agreement that helped pave the way for the building that is to be home to Vertex Pharmaceuticals, the anchor of Boston’s new Innovation District. In partnership with the Boston Housing Authority, he created Building Pathways, a pre-apprentice program connecting building trades jobs and opportunities with those traditionally underrepresented in the industry, mainly women and people of color. Earlier this year, Marty and the Building Trades graduated an all-women class, possibly the first of its kind in the nation.In all his endeavors, Marty has become known as someone whose word is his bond. He is tough and fearless in standing up for what’s right, and able to achieve results: “a “go-to man” in the words of The Dorchester Reporter. Jamaica Plain state Representative Liz Malia describes Marty as a “a progressive, pragmatic problem-solver who will fight for every corner and community of our city.”Marty, age 46, is a homeowner on Tuttle Street in Dorchester and a graduate of Boston College. He shares his life with his longtime partner, Lorrie Higgins, and her daughter, Lauren. Photo Credit: MartyWalsh.org Officials & brands stand up for human rights on Saint Patrick’s Day by refusing to march in parade’s discriminating against gay & bisexual men & women. NYC Mayor Martin Walsh & Boston Mayor Bill De Blasio skip their city’s parades as well as eminent brands Guinness, Sam Adams & Heineken. “Guinness has a strong history of supporting diversity and being an advocate for equality for all. We were hopeful that the policy of exclusion would be reversed for this year’s parade,” the brewer said in a written statement issued by a spokesman for its parent company, Diageo. “So much of our Irish history has been shaped by the fight against oppression,” Walsh, the city’s first Irish-American mayor in 20 years, said in a statement. “I simply disagree with the organizers of that parade in their exclusion of some individuals in this city,” De Blasio said in a news conference at City Hall. Special Guest Ellen Page made the brave announcement she is gay while speaking at the Human Rights Campaign’s THRIVE conference, an event supporting LGBTQ youth. Page spoke of the pressures of a life in the spotlight, and the toll that celebrity can take on one’s life. So far, Page has been flooded by messages of support for her decision to live an open and authentic life. Human Rights Campaign Blog The 26-year-old actress told the crowd “I’m here today because I am gay,” adding “and because maybe I can make a difference. To help others have an easier and more hopeful time. Regardless, for me, I feel a personal obligation and a social responsibility.” Photo Credit: Jeff Bottari/AP Images for Human Rights Campaign Celebrities Who Give to Human Rights Causes Related Causes AIDS/HIV Awareness Elton John Aids Foundation Annual Oscar Party Benefit featuring Elton John, David Furnish, Sharon Osbourne, Kim Kardashian, Scott P. Campbell, Seal, Heidi Klum, Eric Stonestreet, Smokey Robinson. Sharon Osbourn David Furnish Todd Michael Krim	cc/2019-30/en_head_0039.json.gz/line654
__label__wiki	0.739237	0.739237	DUBAI, 28 November 2012 (IRIN) – The World Health Organization (WHO) has issued a global alert after six cases of a virus resembling the deadly Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome (SARS) were discovered in Saudi Arabia and Qatar. Two of the six cases confirmed by laboratories have been fatal, leading to fears of an outbreak similar to the original SARS virus in 2002-03, which killed around 10 percent of the 8,000 humans infected. “From our understanding of the virus so far, and given the enhanced surveillance that is in place, we expect to see more cases reported and confirmed,” WHO spokesman, Glen Thomas, told IRIN. “We also expect to see more cases from countries other than the two that have confirmed cases so far.” WHO scientists are trying to find out the cause of the infections, and ascertain whether the virus is moving from human to human. A study published by scientists from the Erasmus Medical Centre in Rotterdam last week found similarities between the new SARS-like virus and a virus found in bats in Saudi Arabia. November 28, 2012 Posted by defensebaseactcomp \| Bug Watch, Civilian Contractors, Health Watch, Safety and Security Issues \| Bats, Civilian Contractors, Health Alert, Middle East, Qatar, SARS, Saudi Arabia, Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome, WHO, World Health Organization \| Leave a comment Associated Press at ABC News November 28, 2012 An Iraq war contractor that lost an $85 million verdict to a group of sickened Oregon soldiers has filed a lawsuit seeking to force the federal government to pay the soldiers’ damages. In early November, 12 Oregon National Guard soldiers won the verdict against Kellogg Brown and Root, an engineering and construction firm that helped lead the reconstruction work in post-war Iraq. The soldiers were exposed to a toxin while guarding an Iraqi water plant. In the new lawsuit, KBR also demands that the government pay more than $15 million in its attorneys’ fees. At the heart of the suit is a so-called indemnification clause that KBR alleges it agreed to with the U.S. Army Corps of Engineers in March 2003. The clause was designed to protect KBR against “unusually hazardous risks” in its work in Iraq. In a Nov. 16 filing in the U.S. Court of Federal Claims, KBR argues the clause makes the government responsible for the results of its actions in Iraq, including the Oregon verdict. “Based upon an erroneous legal and factual analysis of the terms of the indemnification agreement, (the Army Corps) has refused to indemnify (KBR) for the costs of defending against the various third-party lawsuits,” KBR attorneys wrote, “and has refused to participate or assume direct responsibility in defending (KBR) in the underlying tort litigations.” KBR said in the suit that it had no insurance to cover its wartime work, and the government’s refusal to involve itself in lawsuits constitutes a breach of the indemnification agreement. Please read the entire article here November 28, 2012 Posted by defensebaseactcomp \| Civilian Contractors, Contractor Oversight, Follow the Money, Iraq, KBR, Toxic, Wartime Contracting \| Indemnification Clause, Iraq, KBR, Kellogg Brown and Root, Post War Iraq, Toxic Exposures, USACE \| Leave a comment Wired’s Danger Room November 21, 2012 The U.S. war in Afghanistan is supposed to be winding down. Its contractor-led drug war? Not so much. Inside a compound in Kabul called Camp Integrity, the Pentagon stations a small group of officers to oversee the U.S. military’s various operations to curb the spread of Afghanistan’s cash crops of heroin and marijuana, which help line the Taliban’s pockets. Only Camp Integrity isn’t a U.S. military base at all. It’s the 10-acre Afghanistan headquarters of the private security company formerly known as Blackwater. Those officers work for an obscure Pentagon agency called the Counter Narco-Terrorism Program Office, or CNTPO. Quietly, it’s grown into one of the biggest dispensers of cash for private security contractors in the entire U.S. government: One pile of contracts last year from CNTPO was worth more than $3 billion. And it sees a future for itself in Afghanistan over the long haul. Earlier this month, a U.S. government solicitation sought to hire a security firm to help CNTPO “maintain a basic, operational support cell” in Kabul. Army Lt. Col. James Gregory, a Pentagon spokesman, explains that “cell” doesn’t kick in the doors of any Afghan narco-kingpins. It handles the more mundane tasks of overseeing the contracts of the Pentagon’s counter-narcotics programs, from “training and linguists, and [providing] supplies, such as vehicles and equipment.” The solicitation, however, indicates those services aren’t going anywhere: When all the options are exercised, the contract extends through September 29, 2015, over a year past the date when Afghan soldiers and cops are supposed to take over the war. And the “government preferred location” to base CNTPO? Camp Integrity. The envisioned Pentagon counter-narco-terrorism staff is pretty small: only two to four personnel. But protecting them at Camp Integrity is serious business. The November 6 solicitation calls for a security firm that can “provide a secure armory and weapons maintenance service, including the ability to check-in and check-out weapons and ammunition,” particularly 9 mm pistols and M4 rifles; and to provide “secure armored” transportation to the CNTPO team — primarily “in and around Kabul, but could include some remote locations.” CNTPO has a longstanding relationship with Blackwater, the infamous security firm that is now known as Academi. In 2009, it gave Blackwater a contract to train Afghan police, and company employees used that contract to requisition guns from the U.S. military for their private use. Although that contract was ultimately taken out of CNTPO’s hands, the office’s relationship with Academi/Blackwater endures. Last year, Academi told Danger Room it has a contract with CNTPO, worth an undisclosed amount, to provide “all-source intelligence analyst support and material procurement” for Afghanistan. An Academi spokeswoman, Kelley Gannon, declined to comment on Academi’s relationship with CNTPO, or whether it’ll bid on the new contract November 28, 2012 Posted by defensebaseactcomp \| Afghanistan, Blackwater, Civilian Contractors, Contractor Oversight, Department of Defense, Private Security Contractor \| Academi, Afghanistan, Blackwater, Camp Integrity, Civilian Contractors, CNTPO, Counter Narco-Terrorism Program Office, Danger Room, Drug War, Pentagon, Private Security Contractors \| Leave a comment The New York Times November 25, 2012 KABUL, Afghanistan — For the replacement Afghan security guards, their new posting — an established traffic checkpoint in a heavily guarded Western enclave in Kabul — would seem to be a decent one, other than the fact that three of their predecessors had just been killed by a Taliban suicide bomber. The site itself told the story: the blast crater from the attack, on Wednesday, had been covered by two rows of green sandbags stacked 10 feet high, and ball bearings from the bomber’s vest pockmarked the neighboring walls. An excavator shoved dirt loosened from the blast into tidy mounds along the edges of the street, which sits a few blocks from the American Embassy in the city’s Wazir Akbar Khan neighborhood. The new arrivals, private guards who work for a foreign security contractor, forlornly bear the assignment. Among the dead were friends and co-workers, including a 36-year-old guard named Shamsuddin, a father of two, and Mohammed Homayoun, 28. The replacements are jittery, clutching their assault rifles as a supervisor stands nearby, scanning the street. “They’re deeply hurt because they lost their colleagues,” said the supervisor, who would not give his name. “They were like members of the same family.” The guards may well have the most thankless job in Afghanistan, serving as the first line of defense against bombings and bullets meant for Westerners and high-profile Afghan government officials. In countless cases, such private security guards are the ones killed by thwarted attacks. On Wednesday, the bomber detonated his vest after the guards demanded his identification, police officials said. Private security companies have had a troubled and controversial history in Afghanistan. President Hamid Karzai has called for them to be banned, concerned that the armed companies, about 50 in all employing about 40,000 guards across the country, were becoming de facto militias. The president eventually made exceptions for embassies and international organizations, but required the firms to be licensed. Mr. Karzai remains committed to handing over security to Afghan government forces. November 26, 2012 Posted by defensebaseactcomp \| Afghanistan, Civilian Contractors, Contractor Casualties, Defense Base Act, Legal Jurisdictions, Private Security Contractor, Safety and Security Issues \| Afghan Security Guards, Afghanistan, Civilian Contractors, Contractor Casualties, Private Security Contractors, Private Security Guards, Suicide Bombing \| Leave a comment Associated Press at The Blaze November 20, 2012 The U.S. government has filed a civil lawsuit accusing a Houston-based global construction company and its Kuwaiti subcontractor of submitting nearly $50 million in inflated claims to install live-in trailers for troops during the Iraq War. The lawsuit names KBR Inc. and First Kuwaiti Trading Co., alleging they overcharged for truck, driver and crane costs, and misrepresented delays in providing around 2,250 trailers meant to replace tents used by soldiers earlier in the invasion. In one instance, the contractors allegedly claimed they paid $23,000 to lease one crane per month when the actual price was about $8,000, according to the lawsuit, which was filed this week in U.S. District Court in Rock Island, Ill., and first appeared in federal court records Tuesday. KBR, once the engineering and construction arm of Halliburton, has faced lawsuits before related to its work in Iraq. One of the most prominent involved a soldier electrocuted in his barracks shower at an Army base. That case was eventually dismissed. In the case involving the trailers, Jim Lewis, the U.S. Attorney for the Central District of Illinois, said “KBR and First Kuwaiti did not provide an honest accounting.” Stuart Delery, a U.S. deputy assistant attorney general, said in a Department of Justice statement regarding the lawsuit that contractors “are not permitted to profit at the expense of the taxpayers at home who are supporting our men and women in uniform.” November 21, 2012 Posted by defensebaseactcomp \| Civilian Contractors, Contractor Corruption, Contractor Oversight, Follow the Money, Government Contractor, Halliburton, Iraq, KBR, Lawsuits \| DOJ, First Kuwaiti Trading Co, Halliburton, Iraq, KBR, Soldiers, Trailers \| 1 Comment by David Rohde at Rueters November 16, 2012 Amid the politicking, there’s an overlooked cause of the Benghazi tragedy For conservatives, the Benghazi scandal is a Watergate-like presidential cover-up. For liberals, it a fabricated Republican witch-hunt. For me, Benghazi is a call to act on an enduring problem that both parties ignore. One major overlooked cause of the death of Ambassador Chris Stevens and three other Americans is we have underfunded the State Department and other civilian agencies that play a vital role in our national security. Instead of building up cadres of skilled diplomatic security guards, we have bought them from the lowest bidder, trying to acquire capacity and expertise on the cheap. Benghazi showed how vulnerable that makes us. Now, I’m not arguing that this use of contractors was the sole cause of the Benghazi tragedy, but I believe it was a primary one. Let me explain. The slapdash security that killed Stevens, technician Sean Smith and CIA guards Tyrone Woods and Glen Doherty started with a seemingly inconsequential decision by Libya’s new government. After the fall of Muammar Qaddafi, Libya’s interim government barred armed private security firms – foreign and domestic – from operating anywhere in the country. Memories of the abuses by foreign mercenaries, acting for the brutal Qaddafi regime, prompted the decision, according to State Department officials. Once the Libyans took away the private security guard option, it put enormous strain on a little-known State Department arm, the Diplomatic Security Service. This obscure agency has been responsible for protecting American diplomatic posts around the world since 1916. Though embassies have contingents of Marines, consulates and other offices do not. And the missions of Marines, in fact, are to destroy documents and protect American government secrets. It is the Diplomatic Security agents who are charged with safeguarding the lives of American diplomats. Today, roughly 900 Diplomatic Security agents guard 275 American embassies and consulates around the globe. That works out to a whopping four agents per facility. In Iraq and Afghanistan, the State Department relied on hundreds of security contractors to guard American diplomats. At times, they even hired private security guards to protect foreign leaders. After Afghan President Hamid Karzai narrowly survived a 2002 assassination attempt, the State Department hired security guards from DynCorp, a military contractor, to guard him. Their aggressiveness in and around the presidential palace, however, angered Afghan, American and European officials. As soon as Afghan guards were trained to protect Karzai, DynCorp was let go. But the State Department’s dependence on contractors for security remained. And Benghazi epitomized this Achilles’ heel. Please read the entire article at Rueters November 17, 2012 Posted by defensebaseactcomp \| Africa, Civilian Contractors, Contractor Casualties, Contractor Oversight, Legal Jurisdictions, Libya, Mercenaries, Private Security Contractor, Safety and Security Issues, State Department \| Ambassador Chris Stevens, Benghazi, Diplomatic Security, Glen Doerty, Libya, Private Security Contractors, Sean Smith, State Department, Tyrone Woods \| Leave a comment The private contractor guard force is owned by a foreign company with a long record of botched security operations from Afghanistan to London to Oak Ridge, Tennessee The company is now wholly-owned by foreign security firm G4S, the same company that won notoriety on 9/11 when its Argenbright Security division ran passenger checkpoints at Dulles and Newark airports where hijackers boarded planes. Its performance on 9/11 was the major political impetus Congress used to federalize all airline security and create the Transportation Security Administration. G4S was involved in a major scandal when its employees took part in bizarre hazing rituals when supposedly guarding State Department employees in Afghanistan. More recently, the company so botched security preparations for the London Olympics, the British government was forced to call in the army at the last minute. by Joseph Trento at The DC Bureau November 14, 2012 Aiken, S.C. – Tons of weapons grade plutonium and other nuclear materials, a target for terrorists, are not being properly protected by the National Nuclear Security Administration at the Department of Energy’s sprawling Savannah River Site, according to security consultants and U.S. counterintelligence officials. A secret security review underway at DOE and other government agencies after an elderly nun last summer breached a NNSA bomb-grade-uranium facility at the Oak Ridge Tennessee Y12 area reveals “harrowing problems in site management and control at other DOE sites,” said a Homeland Security official who requested anonymity. The official said that the Savannah River Site was of concern because “SRS does not have the staffing or the facilities to protect the huge amounts of plutonium that have been brought to SRS in recent years.” SRS has one of the greatest concentrations in the world of radioactive material. In one old reactor building – the K Area Material Storage (KAMS) facility – protected by the same contractors that botched security at Oakridge, there is enough weapons grade plutonium to destroy the world multiple times. Here plutonium in its purest form can be found by the ton. Please read this entire article at The DC Bureau November 14, 2012 Posted by defensebaseactcomp \| Afghanistan, ArmorGroup, Civilian Contractors, Contractor Oversight, G4S, Government Contractor, Private Security Contractor, Ronco, Ronco Consulting Corporation, Safety and Security Issues, Vetting Employees, Wackenhut \| AGNA, Argenbright Security, ArmorGroup, ArmorGroup North America, Department of Energy, DoE, G4S, London Olympics, National Nuclear Security Administration, NNSA, Oak Ridge, Ronco Consultilng, Savannah River Site, SRS, Transportation Security Administration, TSA, Wackenhut, Weapons Grade Plutonium, Y12 \| Leave a comment by David Isenberg at Huffington Post November 13, 2012 David Isenberg is the author of the book Shadow Force: Private Security Contractors in Iraq and blogs at The PMSC Observer. He is a senior analyst at Wikistrat and a Navy veteran. While it’s only one among many factors bedeviling Afghanistan, its substantial private-security contracting industry warrants attention. It’s made up of tens of thousands of Afghan employees, mostly armed guards. Bear in mind that 2014 is the deadline for Afghanistan assuming responsibility for its own security. This is a date the whole world has an interest in because either Afghanistan will be a more or less stable country — or it will lapse back into the chaotic and destabilized state it was after the Soviets left in 1989. We all recall how that turned out. The Afghan government and the U.S.-led International Security Assistance Force (ISAF) are transferring private security company (PSC) operations to the Afghan Public Protection Force (APPF), a new Afghan government force. But substantial uncertainty, to put it politely, and skepticism — to put it more bluntly – persists over APPF’s ability to handle the job. Even more importantly, how it plans to absorb the commanders and former fighters who currently provide the bulk of PSC workforces. November 13, 2012 Posted by defensebaseactcomp \| Afghanistan, Civilian Contractors, Contractor Corruption, Contractor Oversight, Private Security Contractor, Safety and Security Issues \| Afghan Public Protection Force, Afghanistan, APPF, Armed Guards, David Isenberg, Private Security Contracting Industry, Private Security Contractors \| Leave a comment CIA Takes Heat for Role in Libya Questions About the Petraeus Resignation The New York Times November 9, 2012 WASHINGTON — David H. Petraeus, the director of the Central Intelligence Agency, resigned on Friday after issuing a statement saying that he had engaged in an extramarital affair. The sudden development came just days after President Obama won re-election to a second term. Mr. Petraeus, a highly decorated general who had led the wars in Iraq and Afghanistan, had been expected to remain in the president’s administration. Instead, Mr. Petraeus said in the statement that the president accepted his resignation on Friday after he had informed him of his indiscretion a day earlier. “After being married for over 37 years, I showed extremely poor judgment by engaging in an extramarital affair,” Mr. Petraeus wrote. “Such behavior is unacceptable, both as a husband and as the leader of an organization such as ours. This afternoon, the president graciously accepted my resignation.” Please read the entire report at the NYT’s November 9, 2012 Posted by defensebaseactcomp \| CIA, Civilian Contractors \| Benghazi, Central Intelligence Agency, CIA, Civilian Contractors, David Petraeus, Extramarital Affair, Libya, Middle East \| Leave a comment US ship dumping of toxic waste provokes outrage in Manila All Voices 2nd Update The SBMA spot report showed that the tanker was carrying some 189,500 liters of domestic waste and about 760 liters of bilge water (a combination of water, oil and grease), all of which were hauled from Emory Land, a US Navy ship. Santiago seeks Senate probe of US Navy contractor Phillipine Daily Inquirer Saturday November 10, 2012 The United States Navy contractor accused of dumping hazardous waste into Subic Bay last month is not covered by the Visiting Forces Agreement between the US and the Philippines, the Department of Foreign Affairs said on Friday. “The VFA only covers US military personnel and US civilian personnel who are individuals employed by the US Armed Forces or those that accompany them such as employees of the American Red Cross and United Services Organization,” said Assistant Secretary Raul Hernandez, the DFA spokesperson. “Since Glenn Defense Marine Asia Philippines Inc. cannot be considered US personnel, clearly its acts as third-party contractors are not covered by the VFA,” Hernandez said. The VFA, the 1999 agreement that provides the framework for regulating the presence of US military forces and equipment in the Philippines, allows the US government to retain jurisdiction over US military personnel accused of committing crimes in the Philippines, unless the crimes are of “particular” importance to the Philippines. The debate over this controversial aspect of the VFA—which many Filipinos see as one-sided and an affront to the sovereignty of the Philippines—has come into play once again after the Malaysia-based US Navy contractor accused by the Subic Bay Metropolitan Authority (SBMA) of dumping toxic waste in its waters invoked the protection of the VFA. Glenn Defense Marine Asia Phil., through its politically influential law firm, Villaraza, Cruz, Marcelo and Angangco, when confronted with a “show-cause” letter by the SBMA to explain its illegal acts cheekily replied that the Presidential Commission on the Visiting Forces Agreement (VFACOM), not the government agency that administers the free port, had jurisdiction over it. The Inquirer reported on Friday that the SBMA was investigating the US Navy contractor for allegedly dumping untreated toxic and hazardous waste on Subic Bay last month. The waste was reportedly dumped by the tanker Glenn Guardian, a vessel owned by Glenn Defense, which reportedly collected the waste from US ships that participated in recently concluded joint military exercises in the country. Hernandez pointed to Article I of the VFA, which defines the term “military personnel” and “civilian personnel” covered by the agreement, as referring only to individuals employed by the US military and those accompanying them. November 9, 2012 Posted by defensebaseactcomp \| Civilian Contractors, Contractor Oversight, Department of Defense, Lawsuits, Legal Jurisdictions, Toxic \| Civilian Contractors, Dumping Hazadous Waste, Glenn Defense Marine, Glenn Defense Marine Asia Phillipines, Hazardous Waste, US Navy Contractor, VFA, Visiting Forces Agreement \| Leave a comment Click here to go to Veterans Day Poster Gallery November 9, 2012 Posted by defensebaseactcomp \| Civilian Contractors, Veterans \| Civilian Contractors, Veterans, Veterans Day, Veterans Day 2012, Veterans Day Poster, Veterans Day Poster 2012 \| Leave a comment Oregon Live November 2, 1012 Oregon National Guard soldiers A Portland jury found defense contractor KBR Inc. was negligent, but did not commit fraud against a dozen Oregon Army National Guard soldiers who sued the company for its conduct in Iraq nine years ago. Magistrate Judge Paul Papak announced the decision about 3:35 p.m. the U.S. Courthouse in Portland. Each soldier was awarded $850,000 in non-economic damages and $6.25 million in punitive damages. “It’s a little bit of justice,” said Guard veteran Jason Arnold, moments after the verdict was announced Friday afternoon. Arnold was one of four of the soldier-plaintiffs in the courtroom was the verdict was read. The verdict should send an important message to those who rely on military troops, he said. “We’re not disposable,” said another soldier, Aaron St. Clair. “People are not going to make money from our blood.” KBR’s lead attorney, Geoffrey Harrison, said the company will appeal. “We will appeal the jury’s incorrect verdict,” he said. “We believe the trial court should have dismissed the case before the trial.” Harrison said the soldiers’ lawyers produced a medical expert, Dr. Arch Carson, who offered “unsupported, untested medical opinions” that each soldier had suffered invisible, cellular-level injuries as a result of their exposure to hexavalent chromium. The verdict means the jury did not hear clear and convincing evidence that KBR intended to deceive the soldiers in the way it operated at the Qarmat Ali water treatment plant, near Basra, Iraq. But they did find that the company failed to meet its obligations in managing the work at the plant. Friday’s verdict closes the first phase of a web of litigation between National Guard and British troops against KBR Inc., the defense contractor they accuse of knowingly exposing them in 2003 to a carcinogen at Qarmat Ali. KBR has denied the accusations. In Oregon another set of Oregon soldiers are waiting in the wings for their day in court. Magistrate Judge Paul Papak and the attorneys agreed earlier to hold an initial trial with the first 12 soldiers, in order to keep the proceedings from becoming too unwieldy. A second trial, featuring all or some of the remaining 21 plaintiffs, could begin in federal court in Portland this winter. Another lawsuit brought by Indiana soldiers against KBR is on hold in federal court in Texas, while an appeals court considers a jurisdictional issue. The cases stem from the chaotic aftermath of the U.S.-led invasion of Iraq in March 2003. The Army Corps of Engineers hired KBR Inc. to run a massive program called Restore Iraqi Oil. The program involved dozens of sites throughout Iraq — sites that neither the Army nor KBR had visited before the invasion. The project was intended to quickly restore the flow of Iraq’s oil, partly to fund the war. The Pentagon remembered the way Saddam Hussein had lit the fields on fire during the first Gulf War, and feared a repeat in 2003. Qarmat Ali was a compound where water was pumped underground to drive oil to the surface elsewhere. For decades, Iraqis had treated the water with sodium dichromate, an anticorrosion agent that contains hexavalent chromium, a known carcinogen. (Sodium dichromate is banned in the United States.) Iraq’s Southern Oil Co. took delivery of sodium dichromate, an orange-yellow crystalline powder, in bags that were stored on site. Soldiers and others testified that the material was loose and drifting around the site, and had contaminated areas even outside the chemical injection building where it was added to the water. How contaminated was it? Accounts differ. Even one of the plaintiffs in this case said he didn’t notice any soil discoloration. One of the British soldiers whose testimony was prerecorded said it was everywhere. Another Oregon soldier said it settled heavily on the clothing of the soldiers, who unwittingly carried it back to their camps over the border in Kuwait. Much of KBR’s defense in the first Oregon trial focused on just how unlikely it was that any soldier — who visited the plant at durations from one day to 21 days — could have been exposed to dangerously high levels of sodium dichromate. But one of the most gripping portions of the testimony was when Oregon veteran Larry Roberta described eating a chicken patty that had been coated with the orange crystals, which he said immediately burned in his esophagus, causing him to vomit. Roberta now is confined to a wheelchair and takes oxygen from a tank in his backpack. He had a history of gastrointestinal issues, but attributes much of his poor health to his time at Qarmat Ali. Harrison, KBR’s lawyer, said the company “believes in the judicial process and respects the efforts and time of the jurors,” but believes the process that brought the case to conclusion Friday shouldn’t have been allowed to come so far. “KBR did safe and exceptional work in Iraq under difficult circumstances,” he said in a brief, prepared statement. “We believe the facts and law ultimately will provide vindication.” Soldier-plaintiff Arnold said the message of the verdict is unmistakable. He said service members are being exploited “to this day.” Now, he said, “the voice will be out. There will be a lot more scrutiny.” November 2, 2012 Posted by defensebaseactcomp \| Civilian Casualties, Civilian Contractors, Contractor Corruption, Contractor Oversight, Friendly Fire, Halliburton, Iraq, KBR, Lawsuits, Private Military Contractors, Toxic \| Halliburton, Hexavalent Chromium, KBR, Magistrate Judge Paul Papak, Oregon Army National Guard, Qarmat Ali, US Army Corps of Engineers, USACE, Water Treatment Plant \| 1 Comment Spencer Ackerman at Wired’s Danger Room November 2, 2012 Just days after an inspector general report revealed that a giant Pentagon contractor performed “unsatisfactory” work in Afghanistan, the U.S. Air Force awarded the firm another multimillion-dollar pot of cash. Virginia’s DynCorp, which performs everything from private security to construction for the U.S. military, has re-upped with Air Force to help pilots learn basic flying skills on the T-6A/B Texan II aircraft, a training plane. The deal is only the latest between DynCorp and the Air Force on the Texan II: In June, the Air Force Materiel Command gave the company a deal worth nearly $55 million for training services. The latest one, announced late Thursday, is worth another $72.8 million, and lasts through October 2013. But the Air Force’s lucrative vote of confidence in DynCorp comes not even a week after the Special Inspector General for Afghanistan Reconstruction blasted the company for performing “unsatisfactory” construction work at an Afghan Army base in Kunduz. The base was “at risk of structural failure” when the watchdogs initially inspected, but the Army Corps of Engineers chose to settle DynCorp’s contract, a move that awarded the company “$70.8 million on the construction contracts and releas[ed] it from any further liabilities and warranty obligation.” (.pdf) A DynCorp spokeswoman, Ashley Burke, told Bloomberg News that the company disputed the special inspector general’s findings. For its part, the special inspector general took to tweeting photographs of what it called “DynCorp’s failed work at #Afghan #Army Base in #Kunduz. Please read the entire post here November 2, 2012 Posted by defensebaseactcomp \| Afghanistan, Civilian Contractors, Contract Awards, Contractor Oversight, Department of Defense, DynCorp, Follow the Money, Government Contractor, Private Military Contractors, SIGAR, Wartime Contracting \| Afghanistan, Department of Defense, DoD, DynCorp, Kunduz, Pentagon, SIGAR, US Air Force \| Leave a comment Allegedly Billed US for Security Guards Who Did Not Meet Contract Requirements Contractor Faked Guard Weapon Tests In Iraq, US Says Department of Justice October 31, 2012 The United States has filed a complaint against a Virginia-based contractor alleging that the company submitted false claims for unqualified security guards under a contract to provide security in Iraq, the Justice Department announced today. The company, Triple Canopy Inc. is headquartered in Reston, Va. In June 2009, the Joint Contracting Command in Iraq/Afghanistan (JCC-I/A) awarded Triple Canopy a one-year, $10 million contract to perform a variety of security services at Al Asad Airbase – the second largest air base in Iraq. The multi-national JCC-I/A was established by U.S. Central Command in November 2004, to provide contracting support related to the government’s relief and reconstruction efforts in Iraq. The government’s complaint alleges that Triple Canopy knowingly billed the United States for hundreds of foreign nationals it hired as security guards who could not meet firearms proficiency tests established by the Army and required under the contract. The tests ensure that security guards hired to protect U.S. and allied personnel are capable of firing their AK-47 assault rifles and other weapons safely and accurately. The government also alleges that Triple Canopy’s managers in Iraq falsified test scorecards as a cover up to induce the government to pay for the unqualified guards, and that Triple Canopy continued to bill the government even after high-level officials at the company’s headquarters had been alerted to the misconduct. The complaint further alleges that Triple Canopy used the false qualification records in an attempt to persuade the JCC-I/A to award the company a second year of security work at the Al Asad Airbase. “For a government contractor to knowingly provide deficient security services, as is alleged in this case, is unthinkable, especially in war time,” said Stuart F. Delery, Acting Assistant Attorney General for the Civil Division of the Department of Justice. “The department will do everything it can to ensure that contractors comply with critical contract requirements and that contractors who don’t comply aren’t permitted to profit at the expense of our men and women in uniform and the taxpayers at home who support them.” “We will not tolerate government contractors anywhere in the world who seek to defraud the United States through deliberate or reckless conduct that violates contractual requirements and risks the security of government personnel,” said Neil H. MacBride, U.S. Attorney for the Eastern District of Virginia. The government’s claims are based on a whistleblower suit initially filed by a former employee of Triple Canopy in 2011. The suit was filed under the qui tam, or whistleblower, provision of the False Claims Act, which allows private persons to file suit on behalf of the United States. Under the act, the government has a period of time to investigate the allegations and decide whether to intervene in the action or to decline intervention and allow the whistleblower to go forward alone. This matter was investigated by the U.S. Attorney’s Office for the Eastern District of Virginia; the Commercial Litigation Branch of the Justice Department’s Civil Division; and the Army Criminal Investigative Command (CID) and Defense Criminal Investigative Service (DCIS) of the Department of Defense. The claims asserted against Triple Canopy are allegations only; there has been no determination of liability. The government is not aware of any injuries that occurred as a result of the alleged misconduct. The lawsuit was filed in the U.S. District Court for the Eastern District of Virginia in Alexandria, and is captioned United States ex rel. Badr v. Triple Canopy, Inc. November 1, 2012 Posted by defensebaseactcomp \| Civilian Contractors, Contractor Oversight, Department of Defense, Government Contractor, Iraq, Lawsuits, Private Security Contractor, Safety and Security Issues, Vetting Employees, Whistleblower \| DCIS, Defense Criminal Investigative Service, False Claims, Iraq, Justice Department, qui tam, Triple Canopy, Whistleblower \| 1 Comment Exam Said to Be Leaked to Guards at Nuclear Site The New York Times October 31, 2012 WASHINGTON — The security guards at a nuclear weapons plant who failed to stop an 82-year-old nun from reaching a bomb fuel storage building earlier this year were also cheating on a recertification exam, according to an internal investigation by the Department of Energy, which owns the weapons plant. The exam, with answers, was circulated to guards at the Y-12 National Security Complex, near Oak Ridge, Tenn., before they sat down to take it, according to the report, by the department’s inspector general. The report, released on Wednesday, said that the cheating was enabled by the department itself. It was routine practice for the department to involve contractor personnel in preparation of such exams, because the federal government did not know enough about the security arrangements to write the exam without the help of the contractor A federal security official sent the exam by encrypted e-mail to “trusted agents” at the management contractor, B&W, but did not instruct those executives to keep it secret from the people who would have to take it, according to the report. The government found out about the cheating only because an inspector visiting the plant noticed a copy of an exam on the seat of a patrol vehicle the day before guards were to take it. The security contractor was Wackenhut, but its contract was terminated after a security breach on July 28, when the nun, Sister Megan Gillespie Rice, and two accomplices cut through three layers of fence, splashed blood on a building housing bomb-grade uranium, performed a Christian ritual and then waited to be apprehended. A subsequent investigation found that many security cameras had been disabled long before the break-in. November 1, 2012 Posted by defensebaseactcomp \| Civilian Contractors, Contractor Oversight, G4S, Government Contractor, Private Security Contractor, Ronco Consulting Corporation, Safety and Security Issues, Wackenhut \| B&W, Civilian Contractors, Department of Energy, G4S, Oak Ridge, Private Security Contractors, Private Security Guards, recertification, Ronco Consulting, Wackenhut, WSI, Y-12 National Security Complex \| 1 Comment CNA Insurance Company and the Department of Labor Jacksonville District Office, A match made in hell wp.me/pmgbQ-1AV 6 years ago	cc/2019-30/en_head_0039.json.gz/line656
__label__cc	0.532153	0.467847	In focus: Sarah Holewinski on her work at the Center for Civilians in Conflict \| AOAV July 7, 2013 By Christopher Allbritton AOAV caught up with Sarah Holewinski, Executive Director of the Center for Civilians in Conflict, to talk about her organisation’s work and the importance of documenting civilian harm. Source: In focus: Sarah Holewinski on her work at the Center for Civilians in Conflict \| AOAV Foreign Affairs Focus: Civilians in Conflict with Sarah Holewinski Not Even the White House Knows the Drones’ Body Count The 100 most influential people in the world of armed violence – AOAV Look How We’ve Grown! Strengthening the protection of civilians: 2018-2020 CIVICPress Coverage Christopher Allbritton Christopher is the communications manager at Center for Civilians in Conflict. He joined CIVIC after more than 25 years in journalism, reporting from conflict zones such as Iraq, Lebanon, and Pakistan. As bureau chief for Reuters in Pakistan, he covered the plight of civilians caught in the war between militants and the Pakistani military. He is the creator of the award-winning website, Back-to-Iraq.com. Tweets by CivCenter	cc/2019-30/en_head_0039.json.gz/line657
__label__wiki	0.651497	0.651497	Tag Archives: entertainment industry NMEvolution Music has been called by some the greatest thing the human race has ever done, and at its best it is undoubtedly a profound expression of emotion more poetic than anything Shakespeare ever wrote. True, done badly it can sound like a trapped cat in a box of staplers falling down a staircase, but let’s not get hung up on details here- music is awesome. However, music as we know it has only really existed for around a century or so, and many of the developments in music’s history that have shaped it into the tour de force that it is in modern culture are in direct parallel to human history. As such, the history of our development as a race and the development of music run closely alongside one another, so I thought I might attempt a set of edited highlights of the former (well, western history at least) by way of an exploration of the latter. Exactly how and when the various instruments as we know them were invented and developed into what they currently are is largely irrelevant (mostly since I don’t actually know and don’t have the time to research all of them), but historically they fell into one of two classes. The first could be loosely dubbed ‘noble’ instruments- stuff like the piano, clarinet or cello, which were (and are) hugely expensive to make, required a significant level of skill to do so, and were generally played for and by the rich upper classes in vast orchestras, playing centuries-old music written by the very few men with the both the riches, social status and talent to compose them. On the other hand, we have the less historically significant, but just as important, ‘common’ instruments, such as the recorder and the ancestors of the acoustic guitar. These were a lot cheaper to make and thus more available to (although certainly far from widespread among) the poorer echelons of society, and it was on these instruments that tunes were passed down from generation to generation, accompanying traditional folk dances and the like; the kind of people who played such instruments very rarely had the time to spare to really write anything new for them, and certainly stood no chance of making a living out of them. And, for many centuries, that was it- what you played and what you listened to, if you did so at all, depended on who you were born as. However, during the great socioeconomic upheaval and levelling that accompanied the 19th century industrial revolution, music began to penetrate society in new ways. The growing middle and upper-middle classes quickly adopted the piano as a respectable ‘front room’ instrument for their daughters to learn, and sheet music was rapidly becoming both available and cheap for the masses. As such, music began to become an accessible activity for far larger swathes of the population and concert attendances swelled. This was the Romantic era of music composition, with the likes of Chopin, Mendelssohn and Brahms rising to prominence, and the size of an orchestra grew considerably to its modern size of four thousand violinists, two oboes and a bored drummer (I may be a little out in my numbers here) as they sought to add some new experimentation to their music. This experimentation with classical orchestral forms was continued through the turn of the century by a succession of orchestral composers, but this period also saw music head in a new and violently different direction; jazz. Jazz was the quintessential product of the United States’ famous motto ‘E Pluribus Unum’ (From Many, One), being as it was the result of a mixing of immigrant US cultures. Jazz originated amongst America’s black community, many of whom were descendants of imported slaves or even former slaves themselves, and was the result of traditional African music blending with that of their forcibly-adopted land. Whilst many black people were heavily discriminated against when it came to finding work, they found they could forge a living in the entertainment industry, in seedier venues like bars and brothels. First finding its feet in the irregular, flowing rhythms of ragtime music, the music of the deep south moved onto the more discordant patterns of blues in the early 20th century before finally incorporating a swinging, syncopated rhythm and an innovative sentiment of improvisation to invent jazz proper. Jazz quickly spread like wildfire across the underground performing circuit, but it wouldn’t force its way into popular culture until the introduction of prohibition in the USA. From 1920 all the way up until the Presidency of Franklin D Roosevelt (whose dropping of the bill is a story in and of itself) the US government banned the consumption of alcohol, which (as was to be expected, in all honesty) simply forced the practice underground. Dozens of illegal speakeasies (venues of drinking, entertainment and prostitution usually run by the mob) sprung up in every district of every major American city, and they were frequented by everyone from the poorest street sweeper to the police officers who were supposed to be closing them down. And in these venues, jazz flourished. Suddenly, everyone knew about jazz- it was a fresh, new sound to everyone’s ears, something that stuck in the head and, because of its ‘common’, underground connotations, quickly became the music of the people. Jazz musicians such as Louis Armstrong (a true pioneer of the genre) became the first celebrity musicians, and the way the music’s feel resonated with the happy, prosperous feeling surrounding the economic good times of the 1920s lead that decade to be dubbed ‘the Jazz Age’. Countless things allowed jazz and other, successive generations to spread around the world- the invention of the gramophone further enhanced the public access to music, as did the new cultural phenomenon of the cinema and even the Second World War, which allowed for truly international spread. By the end of the war, jazz, soul, blues, R&B and all other derivatives had spread from their mainly deep south origins across the globe, blazing a trail for all other forms of popular music to follow in its wake. And, come the 50s, they did so in truly spectacular style… but I think that’ll have to wait until next time. Standard \| \| Tagged 1920s, 1950's, accessible, achievement, acoustic guitar, African music, alcohol, alongside, America, as we know it, available, awesome, bars, black community, blues, box of staplers, Brahms, brothels, cat, celebrity, cello, century, cheaper, Chopin, Cinema, city, clarinet, classes, common, concert attendances, culture, daughters, descendants, developed, developments, discordant, discrimination, drinking, drummer, E Pluribus Unum, economic boom, edited highlights, emotion, entertainment industry, evolution, expensive, experimentation, expression, flowing, folk dances, Franklin D Roosevelt, From Many One, front room instrument, good times, gramophone, happy, history, human race, immigrant, immigrant cultures, imported slaves, improvisation, industrial revolution, innovation, instruments, invented, irregular rhythms, jazz, Louis Armstrong, Mendelssohn, middle class, mixing, mob, modern culture, music, music of the people, musicians, new sound, NME, noble, oboes, orchestra size, orchestras, parallel, penetrate, piano, pioneer, play, poetic, police officers, poorer echelons, popular music, population, profound, prohibition, prosperous, prostitution, public access, R&B, race, ragtime, recorder, rich, riches, Romantic era, Second World War, seedy, Shakespeare, sheet music, slaves, social levelling, social status, society, socioeconomic, socioeconomic upheaval, soul, speakeasies, staircase, swing, syncopated rhythm, talent, The Jazz Age, tour de force, underground, upper classes, upper middle class, USA, violinists, western history \| 0 comments	cc/2019-30/en_head_0039.json.gz/line663
__label__cc	0.702257	0.297743	← The Death of Art Glass Society and Death → August 5, 2009 · 1:09 pm Writing: Is It Just About the White Guys? SF Signal (www.sfsignal.com a good site for SF news) has seen an explosion of comments over the posting of one new book coming out, The Mammoth Book of Mindblowing SF edited by Mike Ashley. MammothDebate It seems this collection of mindblowing stories, “the 21 finest stories of awesome SF” has not one woman in it or author of color and this has caused quite a hullabaloo. There are still more writers in SF who are male than female but that gap has closed a great deal from the early days of SF. There are even fewer authors of color. So it could be that in a sampling of stories that came in that the best were from the white males. However there are several factors that work against this supposition for editor Ashley (who I believe made an oversight more than an intentional choice to exclude female authors). The Mammoth series of anthologies can be on anything; road trips, horses, brides, vampires, SF. The scope of the series is large and many of them originate in the UK. The Mammoth books also usually tend to have many stories in them (part of the whole mammoth imagery). This book failed in that department by only having 21 stories. Anthologies in general sell less than any novel so an editor and publisher must look at what will sell the book. In that case you will always want a few recognizable names that most readers will know. This alone will narrow the scope of an anthology And of course the books do have themes. Other anthologies might be for a region or a country and there can even be anthologies on the best new SF by women or gay men or whatever. There are many restrictions on an anthology that will limit whose work is published. The payment for a story may be too little for some authors to submit. Other anthologies are invitational. If you’re not asked, you can’t write for it. Some are partly invitational, and some editors might post their guidelines in exclusive areas (such as members of SFWA may submit, but only members). But going through slush piles of hundreds or thousands of submissions can take a very long time and editors often have a timeframe to work within. Therefore, when an anthology that is not open to any writer makes the claim as having the best, the most awesome or mindblowing pieces, it can be challenged as being exclusionist or elitist. When that claim is made and there are no women either, it ruffles quite a few feathers. When I edit I look first for the best story or poem. I don’t look at the author’s name or credits, nor what their gender or color is. But when you have invited several people to send in stories and have reprints from others (some for the name) then there is still a possibility to include both genders. It could be that the editor only received stories from males but it is still so narrow a focus that questions arise as to the intent. On top of this Mammoth book not living up to the usual range of many stories and including SF from women, it also has cover art derivative of the 60s and 70s. But I also don’t know what the editor said in his introduction. Maybe these were mindblowing stories for him when he was a teenager, or smoking pot, or in a geographic area. Maybe he really liked these stories and ignored even past works of authors such as: Le Guin, Tiptree, Tepper, Cadigan, Cherryh, (Mary Shelley if we want to go to the advent of SF & women writers), Norton, McCaffrey, Bear, Henderson, Butler, Scyoc, Hambly, etc. I haven’t read the stories so they could all truly be awesome SF, but I just think some women could be in there too. Because there has been a history in writing to exclude females in the past it is still a touchy subject. Doing my degree at UBC I saw this attitude, especially in some parts (instructors) of the English department. The only good writer is a dead white male, followed by a live white male. This attitude is changing but it means that editors do have to be aware of the stories they’re receiving and if they want their anthology to be indicative of the overall demographic of writers. Not to mention that there are many many women readers and many of them read SF and fantasy. I have a feeling that editor Mike Ashley is shaking his head, realizing belatedly that he inadvertently created a hornet’s nest. One writer at SF Signal said that she had been asked to submit, so women were included in the submission process. I could just as easily pout that Canadians had been excluded, but I don’t know the nationality of all the writers, and even if there are only US and UK writers, well, that happens a lot, depending on where the guidelines were listed and whether it was invitational. And at only 21 stories, Ashley probably only asked a select few and chose some reprints on his own. I’m also sure his next anthology will have many more women in it. Filed under art, Culture, entertainment, internet, people, Publishing, science fiction, sex, Writing Tagged as anthology, authors, Butler, Cadigan, Cherryh, debate, discussion, editing, Elizabeth Bear, exclusion, gender, Hambly, Le Guin, Mammoth Book of Mindblowing SF, Mary Shelley, McCaffrey, Mike Ashley, mindblowing, people, poetry, Publishing, science fiction, scope, SF, SF Signal, SFWA, stories, Tepper, themes, Tiptree, women writers, Writing Chiaroscuro: Embrace the Odd Kelp Queen Press	cc/2019-30/en_head_0039.json.gz/line665
__label__wiki	0.63568	0.63568	New London County Donna J. Jones View Full Notice → Donna J. Jones Barbara M. Gurski View Full Notice → Barbara M. Gurski Zofia (Grzyb) Gawronska View Full Notice → Zofia (Grzyb) Gawronska Obituary: Timothy C. Sullivan, 45 Timothy C. Sullivan, a resident of New Haven, and a former Darien resident, passed away on Saturday, March 26, 2016 in New Haven. Born on May 9, 1970 in Pasadena, Texas, he was the son of Lorraine M. Sullivan of League City, Texas and the late Cornelius J. Sullivan. Mr. Sullivan was a graduate of Colorado State University. He… Jewish Communities BROWNSTEIN Beverly (Rosenthal) Brownstein, 93, of New Haven, died March 21. She was the widow of William Brownstein,. Born in New Haven, she was the daughter of the late Milton and Sophie (Partman) Rosenthal. She is survived by her children, Ronnie Brownstein, Cathy Arotsky, and Marcy Brownstein, all of Hamden; her grandchildren, Ruth Arotsky, Marc and Tammy Arotsky, Leah Velardi, and… LCDR James McLeod Robertson, USN Retd 3/28/2016 LCDR James McLeod Robertson, USN Retd, 87, of Mystic died Monday, March 28, 2016 at Lawrence and Memorial Hospital in New London. His beloved wife of 55 years, Ida Belle Robertson, predeceased him in 2005. He retired after serving for 30 years in the U.S. Navy and was a veteran of both the Korean and Vietnam Wars. He was a… Crapp, Mary Ellen View Full Notice → Crapp, Mary Ellen Jacqueline Susan (Ruvolo) Ascenzi View Full Notice → Jacqueline Susan (Ruvolo) Ascenzi Kewalis OXFORD — Joseph “Joey” George Kewalis, Jr., 74, of Oxford, died Thursday, March 24, 2016, at the West Haven Veterans Affairs Medical Center. He was the husband of Grace A. (Farley) Kewalis. View Full Notice → Kewalis Donna J Jones View Full Notice → Donna J Jones Charles Andreoli Charles (Snake) Andreoli, 78, of Allingtown, husband of the late Angela Baldino Andreoli passed away March 30, 2016. He was a son of the late Sante and Esther Padovani Andreoli. Born on October 21, 1937 in New Haven, he grew up in West Haven where he lived for 76 years. He is survived by his two sons, Albert and CJ… David Flannery David Flannery, 55, of Ellington, passed away on Monday, March 28, 2016. Dave was born in Fort Fairfield, Maine and moved to Connecticut in the early 70’s. He was a proud graduate of Rockville High School, attending night courses in order to earn his diploma later in life. Dave worked in the construction industry his entire life, owning DMK Construction… New Haven County Loray P. Davis View Full Notice → Loray P. Davis Arthur Olsen\|Founded Arthur E. Olsen Co. SOUTHBURY — Arthur E. Olsen, age 86, of Southbury, passed away March 20, 2016. He was the beloved husband of Shirley J. Olsen for 61 years. Arthur was the founder of the Arthur E. Olsen Co. Plumbing, Heating, and Air Conditioning. He leaves behind two daughters, Cheryl and Darleen, three grandchildren, and three great-grandchildren. View Full Notice → Arthur Olsen\|Founded… Frances K. Smith, 102, of Manchester, CT passed away peacefully at home on March 29, 2016. She was the wife of the late Arthur E. Smith, former president of Pratt & Whitney Aircraft and chairman of United Technologies Corp. They were married in 1936 in Worcester, Mass. Born in Trenton, NJ she was the daughter of the late Albert E.… Charles Simonelli Charles Simonelli, 96, of Windsor Locks, beloved husband of Angela (Arbertetta) Simonelli, died Monday, March 28, 2016 at St. Francis Hospital, Hartford. Born in Windsor Locks on June 11, 1919, son of the late Joseph and Claudina (Bizzarra) Simonelli and was a lifelong resident. He proudly served his country for 20 years in the United States Navy and during the… Comedian Garry Shandling dies at 66 (JTA) – Garry Shandling, a comedian, actor, writer and producer best known for starring in the Emmy-winning “The Larry Sanders Show,” has died at 66. Shandling, who was Jewish, died at a Los Angeles hospital Thursday, March 24. The cause of death has not yet been reported. Shandling was not known to have been suffering from any illnesses and was posting… June Donnelly June Marie (Walsh) Donnelly, wife of Stephen P. Donnelly, passed away peacefully on March 28, 2016. Born in New Britain, CT June was the daughter of the late William P. Walsh and Olive (Feore) Walsh. After attending Saint Mary’s School in New Britain she went on to graduate from New Britain High School. She joined the US Cadet Nurse Corps…	cc/2019-30/en_head_0039.json.gz/line668
__label__cc	0.693698	0.306302	Chanuka with Miami Heat The Miami Heat basketball team will host a Jewish Heritage Night this Chanukah. 8th Day will perform, and a giant Menorah will be lit during half time. Full Story For the first time ever the Miami Heat basketball team and the Florida Jewish community will gather for the First Annual Jewish Heritage Night on Tuesday, December 15th. Jewish rock band 8th Day will perform, and a giant Menorah will be lit during half time at the American Airlines Arena in Miaimi. The event will celebrate the 5th night of Chanukah, and will pay tribute to Florida’s Jewish community and the message of triumph of light over the darkness. Guests will have a unique opportunity to arrive before the onset of the game to meet and greet the players and watch the warm-ups. Autograph opportunities will be available. For the first time ever kosher food will be available at the AA arena. A giant Menorah will be erected at the east plaza of the arena, and will be lit during the half time. The Lubavitch Educational Center Boys Choir will sing “Maoz Tzur.” A special Chanukah invocation will be recited at the onset of the game. During the half time, as well as after the game, the fans will be treated to an electrifying performance of the Jewish band “8th DAY.” At the end of the game all guests will be invited to the court for a Free Throw and Chanukah celebration and the music will continue. Tickets will include a free t-shirt, free parking, an opportunity for free throws, meet and greet during the warm-ups as well as the “8th DAY” performance. Tickets are available for purchase at www.jewishheritagenight.com or by calling 305-373-8303. Wedding: Kopel – Dubinsky Goldsteins Sing Tmimim Hits go rabbi lipskar ,rabbi pinny ,rabbi chilly, and rabbi eli grate work go eli go eliiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiii What a happy family! Looks like one big family 😉 NAMA! beautiful event! we should be “zocheh” to the coming of C.C moshiach! looks great! all shluchim should jump on this nama event! go eli lipskar eli lipskar know vos heist dem rebbens arbeit ! Eli Lipskar go eli we are so proud of you eric & barbra taylor parksville, Ny go chiLLi! nice! CC! go adina and mushky!! keep it up! go 8th day.... ecad 0506070809101112131415161718 great.................................... thats ssweeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeettttt!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!. i’ll be headed there!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!1 GO ELIIII Eli rocks! are u looking? care to smile? From Sydney, Australia Go Chaim, Ari & Chaya Sarah! You all look great ba”h! this is yossi elis cousi you guys rock to #14 if u want them to go u should buy them tix	cc/2019-30/en_head_0039.json.gz/line671
__label__wiki	0.649615	0.649615	← Review: ‘Wide Awake in Slumberland’ by Katherine Roeder CCG EXPO 2014: The 10th China International Cartoon & Game Expo, July 10-14, 2014 → June 4, 2014 · 7:32 am Review: THROUGH THE WORMHOLE WITH MORGAN FREEMAN Premiere Episode, Season Five, Wednesday, June 4 at 10PM ET/PT We love science. We love Science Channel. And we love Morgan Freeman. So, what can be better than a whole new season of THROUGH THE WORMHOLE WITH MORGAN FREEMAN? To launch the fifth season, we explore the question, “Is Poverty Genetic?” Victor Yakovenko If you ask Professor of PhysicsVictor Yakovenko, he sees poverty and wealth, or issues of inequality, in terms of the new thinking that’s been buzzing around, Econophysics. He explains that there will always be inequality. The problem is when you have extreme inequality. In his view, there is no middle class. Like a boiling pot, most of us roll around in a “thermal” economy while the elite three percent are elevated into steam in a “superthermal” economy. It is simply inevitable. Like any episode in this series, we follow our host, Morgan Freeman, as he takes us, step by step, through the various facets of our quest. We examine it from all aspects. In this case, we begin by considering the vast canvas of 25,000 genes that make up our DNA. If you ask Professor of Psychology Eric Turkheimer, he will describe genes as threads in a complex tapestry. You have to know how each thread works within the pattern. When the human genome was decoded in 2001, we wrongly thought we would decode personality. Turkheimer has found another way. Studies with twins provide some intriguing answers to the question of nature vs. nurture. And so it goes. We move from the individual to global and back again and find ourselves on a most fascinating journey. As always, this series delights and inspires. Considering how much ground that is covered, this tightly-woven and fast-paced program is truly a must-see. Anchoring everything is our anchorman, Freeman, who inserts a few anecdotes about his own life into the narrative. With the sobering theme of poverty, Freeman guides us and reassures us. After all, as he states, he is living proof that you can grow up in poverty and yet rise above it. Press release and a full season description follows: (New York) – Science Channel’s Emmy®- nominated hit series THROUGH THE WORMHOLE WITH MORGAN FREEMAN returns for an all-new mind-bending fifth season on Wednesday, June 4 at 10PM ET/PT. The series that has broken ratings records for the network delivers eight all-new episodes that will provoke and inspire viewers to think beyond the boundaries of what they know. Covering such controversial topics as could poverty be genetic, how to crush a superpower and exploring the possibility of a zombie apocalypse, this season guarantees to break down the walls of conventional television to investigate the puzzles that captivate us all. The new season of THROUGH THE WORMHOLE WITH MORGAN FREEMAN world premieres on Wednesday, June 4 at 10PM ET/PT. “Curiosity is a uniquely human characteristic,” said Morgan Freeman, executive producer and guide for the series. “Every season we dig deeper to ask those questions that have perplexed mankind for centuries. I hope with each episode we can continue to feed that curiosity and pursue those great unknowns that are still out there in the universe.” “THROUGH THE WORMHOLE challenges our audience in a way that no other television program that is out there can,” said Rita Mullin, general manager of Science Channel. “With the hot-button topics that each episode explores, season five will leave viewers even more inspired than ever before. Morgan and Revelations Entertainment have delivered their best season yet.” In season five of THROUGH THE WORMHOLE WITH MORGAN FREEMAN, Science Channel dares to take on the controversial issues of today. Each episode features leading experts, thinkers and scientists in their specific field presenting groundbreaking theories. Every week viewers will be challenged to consider new perspectives and confronted with ideas that push the envelope of conventional television. EPISODE DESCRIPTIONS Is Poverty Genetic? World Premieres on Wednesday, June 4 at 10PM ET/PT Are the wealthy just born in the right place at the right time? Are the poor victims of a system designed to keep them down? Or do physics and biology determine who is rich and who is poor? Throughout history, distribution of wealth is governed by hidden forces: DNA, environmental stress, patterns of human migration and even the laws of thermodynamics. Nature seems to demand winners and losers in life. But does this mean greed is king, and the rich can take what they want? Or is cooperation – between microorganisms, monkeys, and humans – more essential to survival of a species? How to Collapse a Superpower World Premieres on Wednesday, June 11 at 10PM ET/PT With a little imagination, could a few terrorists sabotage a mighty nation? Perhaps even tear down modern civilization? The stability of the US, Europe, China, or any global power depends on high-speed digital communication. Our increasing dependence on digital devices and global interactivity may be placing us in grave danger. Scientists around the world are dealing with new threats such as body hacking, Trojan horse viruses, and brain-damaging Internet addiction. But what if the ultimate threat isn’t an attack on technology, but the technology itself? Could the final superpower be the disembodied mind of the Internet? Does the Ocean Think? There could be an undiscovered species on Earth unlike anything we’ve ever known. Not in the ocean, but the ocean itself! Its body spans thousands of miles; its heart beats with a one-thousand-year pulse. It could even have an immune system capable of annihilating all other life on earth. Just as our bodies function through the interaction of water with individual cells, including bacteria and other microorganisms, the ocean’s residents might collectively form a super-organism. A recent discovery suggests the ocean is a living being capable of thought. If so, what is the ocean thinking about us? Is a Zombie Apocalypse Possible? It is a nightmare that has stalked us for centuries: hordes of human beings transformed into mindless, cannibalistic monsters. Could this civilization-ending nightmare become reality? Scientists have discovered pathogens that turn insects into the walking dead. New strains of viruses are attacking humans every day. Mathematicians have calculated the likelihood of surviving a zombie virus outbreak: they’re not hopeful. Now neuroscientists are discovering how easy it is for us to lose conscious control of our bodies. Are we at risk of becoming puppets? And if we are already in the middle of a zombie apocalypse, would we know it? Is Gravity An Illusion? World Premieres on Wednesday, July 2 at 10PM ET/PT We feel it every moment of our lives but for physicists, gravity is the longest running unsolved mystery of the universe. Why do all objects that have mass pull on one another? Cutting-edge theories are proposing unexpected answers: Gravity could be another force in disguise, a thermodynamic mirage, or even a shadow of a hidden holographic universe. If so, the force that holds us to the surface of the earth and holds the earth in orbit around the sun may be a trick of the mind. We feel it, but it may not be real. Is Gravity an Illusion? When Did Time Begin? We float along the river of time. But does that river have a source? Where did time come from? Some believe time and space is a single thing, and the Big Bang started the cosmic clock. Others believe the universe existed for almost half a million “years” before light could move and time began. Still others say time is older than our universe. But what if time itself is an illusion? Incredible new experiments may hold the answer. One groundbreaking experiment gives us the power to punch holes in time…and another may create a machine that operates outside time’s boundaries. Is There A Shadow Universe? World Premieres on Wednesday, July 16 at 10PM ET/PT When we look up into the sky it appears we live in a universe that is filled with light. But scientists are now certain there is far more matter in the dark portions of our universe that we can’t see or touch. There’s something hiding in the shadows. Cosmologists agree that “dark matter” has helped shape our Universe, but now they need to figure out what dark matter is. What’s going on in this hidden world? Could it have formed its own dark stars, planets, and even life forms? Could this Shadow Universe threaten our world of light? Will We Become God? Humanity’s potential seems limitless. But could we become as powerful as God? Scientific breakthroughs grant our species seemingly divine abilities. Biologists tinkering with DNA are figuring out ways to grow new life forms, while neuroscientists try to create artificial consciousness. Statisticians around the world are using big data to predict the future, and computer scientists have discovered a “God algorithm” that could solve any global problem in an instant. But to truly become God, we not only have to be all knowing, but all being. Quantum physicists are figuring out how to teleport matter at the speed of light! THROUGH THE WORMHOLE WITH MORGAN FREEMAN is produced by Revelations Entertainment. James Younger, Morgan Freeman, and Lori McCreary are executive producers. Bernadette McDaid and Rocky Collins are executive producers, and Lindsey Foster Blumberg is co- coordinating producer for Science Channel. McDaid is vice president of production for Science Channel. About Revelations Entertainment Revelations Entertainment reveals truth. Academy award-winning actor Morgan Freeman and Emmy-nominated producer Lori McCreary lead a group of inspired professionals who are the go-to producers of thought-provoking entertainment that has universal appeal and soul. Recent successes have been two Emmy Award nominations for the Science Channel show Through the Wormhole with Morgan Freeman, a Peabody Award for the ESPN 30 for 30 episode The 16th Man, and an Academy Award nomination for Morgan Freeman in the film Invictus. About Science Channel Science Channel, a division of Discovery Communications, Inc. (Nasdaq: DISCA, DISCB, DISCK), is home for the thought provocateur, the individual who is unafraid to ask the killer questions of “how” and “why not.” The network is a playground for those with audacious intellects and features programming willing to go beyond imagination to explore the unknown. Guided by curiosity, Science Channel looks for innovation in mysterious new worlds as well as in its own backyard. Science Channel and the Science Channel HD simulcast reach more than 80 million U.S. households. The network also features high-traffic online and social media destinations, including ScienceChannel.com, facebook.com/Science Channel and twitter.com/Science Channel. About Discovery Communications Discovery Communications (Nasdaq: DISCA, DISCB, DISCK) is the world’s #1 pay-TV programmer reaching 2.5 billion cumulative subscribers in more than 220 countries and territories. Discovery is dedicated to satisfying curiosity, engaging and entertaining viewers with high-quality content on more than 200 worldwide television networks, led by Discovery Channel, TLC, Animal Planet, Investigation Discovery and Science, as well as U.S. joint venture networks OWN: Oprah Winfrey Network and the Hub Network. Discovery also is a leading provider of educational products and services to schools, including an award-winning series of K-12 digital textbooks, and a digital leader with a diversified online portfolio, including Discovery Digital Networks. For more information, please visit www.discoverycommunications.com. Filed under Morgan Freeman, Science, Science Channel, Television Tagged as DNA, Education, Entertainment, Eric Turkheimer, Genetics, Morgan Freeman, Pop Culture, Poverty, Science, Science Channel, Television, Victor Yakovenko	cc/2019-30/en_head_0039.json.gz/line672
__label__cc	0.510232	0.489768	INTERVIEW: DANIEL SUTHERLAND / CYBERSECURITY AND INFRASTRUCTURE SECURITY AGENCY (CISA) INFORMATION SHARING IS NOT A NICETY, IT’S A NECESSITY If the public and private sectors don’t cooperate on cybersecurity, CISA’s job of protecting critical infrastructure is impossible. The United States government doesn’t seek to cooperate with the private sector on cybersecurity just because it sounds nice, like some Golden Rule of cyberspace. In truth, it doesn’t have much choice. About 90 percent of the country’s critical infrastructure is in private hands. And if that infrastructure isn’t protected, cybersecurity is a pipe dream. That’s why the Department of Homeland Security’s lead organization in this area is called the Cybersecurity and Infrastructure Security Agency. And its mission requires it to work closely with companies that must safeguard critical infrastructure. Daniel Sutherland, who is CISA’s chief counsel, oversees a department of 30 lawyers that he expects will reach 40 by year’s end. The department essentially functions as a general counsel’s office, he says. But if CISA is to achieve its goals, it needs to reach the hearts and minds of other general counsel, whose companies need to understand that sharing threat information with CISA will enhance the country’s cybersecurity without compromising their companies’ data. The problem, says Sutherland, is that “many in the legal community do not know our agency or understand what we offer to their company or to their client.” He aims to change that. CyberInsecurity News: What is the Cybersecurity and Infrastructure Security Agency? Daniel Sutherland: CISA leads a national effort to understand and manage cyber and physical risks to our critical infrastructure. We are an operating component of the Department of Homeland Security. We are a nonregulatory, non-law enforcement, nonintelligence community interface between the public and the private sectors. CIN: It was rechristened last year, in November. Why the change, and how is CISA different from its predecessor, the National Protection and Programs Directorate? DS: It had been an office attached to the headquarters of DHS for a number of years. It was stood up with a few hundred people, and we’ve now grown to approximately 4,000 and a budget of over $3 billion. Obviously the mission space in cyber has grown dramatically in these past years, and so the Congress has decided that, rather than be an office attached to the headquarters, CISA needs to be an operating component within the department, just as we have TSA, FEMA, Coast Guard, Secret Service and the others. CIN: What does CISA do that can benefit companies? DS: We know that we have to work side-by-side with our stakeholders—other federal agencies and private-sector organizations—to help empower them to defend against the threats that they see, and partner with them to build more secure and resilient infrastructure in the future. We have to have those partnerships with our stakeholders—that’s the only way that infrastructure security can operate. We do four things. First, we provide comprehensive cyber protection. We provide incident response teams. We do information sharing. We provide tools and capabilities—very large procurements across the federal government that allow us to monitor the traffic coming in and out. We operate the NCCIC—the National Cybersecurity and Communications Integration Center LINK https://www.dhs.gov/cisa/national-cybersecurity-communications-integration-center, which is the largest cyber operations center in the civilian government. Second, on the physical side, we coordinate security and resilience efforts with infrastructure owners and operators around the country. For example, we help them do assessments of the security of their facilities, like shopping malls and sports stadiums. The third thing is that we enhance public safety emergency communications. And the fourth thing we do is operate the National Risk Management Center, LINK https://www.dhs.gov/cisa/national-risk-management which is the part of our agency that works to identify areas of infrastructure risk, conduct in-depth analysis of those risks and then pull together teams to address the most significant risks. CIN: How about law firms? What does CISA do that benefits them? DS: One of the things we really want to stress is that this agency has capabilities and tools that will be of great benefit to the private sector, and therefore those who are in-house attorneys will recognize that this is an agency that has something to offer their companies. And law firms will recognize that their clients would benefit from understanding the tools and abilities of this agency. CIN: Do you quantify how many companies and law firms have been in touch in order to avail themselves of some of the services you offer? DS: First, I think it’s important for law firms and corporations to understand that protecting the nature of communications is central to what we do. It’s important for companies to know that their communications with us—we understand the sensitivity, and we protect them. Although we do not identify specific companies that engage with us, there are some ways to quantify the impact we are having. Let me give you three examples. First, under our machine-to-machine sharing program, CISA has shared more than 5 million unique cyber threat indicators in the last three years. As another example, we have generated over 30,000 cyber hygiene reports in the past six months—reports analyzing vulnerabilities that have been provided to over 1,000 companies, state and local governments, and federal agencies. One last example: In fiscal year 2018, CISA responded to over 2,100 requests for incident response support coming from all 16 critical infrastructure sectors, and we deployed 33 incident response teams to provide on-site analysis and support. CIN: The services you’re describing—are they free to the organizations that seek them? DS: All of the services that we provide are free. Congress appropriates the funds for us to provide these services. But we don’t have unlimited resources. So we have to prioritize where we’re sending our teams. We prioritize according to the type of incident or threat. For example, if it’s something we believe is involving a nation-state, or if it involves something in the critical infrastructure area—those are the types of factors that go into the decisions we make in prioritizing where to send our teams. CIN: What can companies and law firms do that can benefit CISA? DS: The biggest thing they can do is come to understand what CISA offers—what our mission is, what the services we offer are, and how they can engage with CISA in ways that do not compromise the confidentiality of their proprietary information. Attorneys can also benefit themselves and us by understanding the legal frameworks associated with the provision of these capabilities and tools. We often find that chief information officers [CIOs] of companies will want us to come and send a technical team to help with some sort of incident that they are experiencing. But then we need to discuss the issue with their lawyers and explain the legal frameworks, and that takes valuable time. So that’s one key thing that in-house and outside counsel can do: understand the legal frameworks associated with the provisions of these services. CIN: You’ve talked about information exchanges. Is there information that companies may have about specific threats that could be valuable to you in order to help protect critical infrastructure? DS: Yes. Congress has created the structures for an information-sharing environment. In the Cybersecurity Information Sharing Act of 2015, it tried to identify what the major obstacles were to information sharing, and then eliminate them. The reason was simple. Congress recognizes that, in the cyber context, if we share information with one another about the threats that we are either facing or could face, we have a better chance of collectively defending. Because if one company gets hit by a particular malicious attack, the likelihood is that a dozen or five dozen other companies are going to be subject to the exact same attack. CIN: We’ll come back to that. Let’s turn for a moment to the Office of the Chief Counsel. What are the responsibilities of the office that you direct? DS: We are responsible for providing legal support for our clients across CISA. We are embedded with our clients and are very much part of the operational tempo of the agency. Our legal practice includes negotiating complex technology agreements, protecting intellectual property, representing the agency in litigation, explaining the agency’s capabilities and tools to legal counsel for companies, representing the agency’s interests in audits and congressional oversight, dealing with labor and employment law issues, and handling ethics and conflicts issues. What we do is very similar to what the office of the general counsel within a corporation would do. We are the office of the general counsel for this agency. CIN: What are the lawyers’ responsibilities? DS: We have attorneys in every specialty that is common to an office of general counsel. For example, litigation, oversight, labor and employment law, ethics. We have a number of attorneys who sit inside our cyber operations organization, and we provide daily operational advice to them about the types of legal agreements they need in order to go and work on responding to some sort of cyber incident—how to negotiate those agreements, what the terms are and what our legal authority is in those areas. But we also have a number of specialties that specifically relate to the federal sector. Like privacy law. We advise CISA’s Privacy Office on a variety of issues associated with the confidentiality of sensitive information. Or fiscal law—what is our agency authorized by Congress to spend money on? Or regulatory law—how do we advise our clients on developing or responding to regulations that impact our work? We also have specialists in the area of public-private partnerships. A big area of our practice, because that’s a big foundational element of our agency, is: How do we have forums in which the private sector can share sensitive security information with the government? There’s a very large practice of law there. CIN: What do you look for in the lawyers you hire? DS: The type of attorneys that we are looking for are people with broad experience, because when we talk about infrastructure security law or cybersecurity law, it’s not a single discipline in and of itself. It’s a number of different areas of law applied to the context of infrastructure security and cybersecurity. So we need people with a broad background in litigation, contract negotiation, legislation, regulation and other areas like that. The second thing we look for is people who have a background in technology. The third thing we look for is, when we can’t find people with that kind of background—for example, someone who was a software programmer before law school—we look for people who have curiosity about technology. In other words, you don’t need to bring a technological background to this position, but you do need to bring a desire and a curiosity to learn about it. CIN: What have been the biggest surprises so far in the job? DS: When I started in our predecessor organization about five years ago, our focus was primarily on criminal activity in the online environment. In other words, criminal networks engaging in data breach activity to try to make money. Now our focus is overwhelmingly on nation-state activity. The level of complexity is far higher, from a technical sense, but also for a practicing attorney. CIN: What do you see as the biggest challenges you face? DS: The biggest challenge we face is the dynamic threat environment. The threats that our country faces are changing and becoming more complex. We as attorneys have to have a good understanding of that threat environment to provide effective legal advice. The second big challenge is explaining to our colleagues in the legal community what our agency does and what capabilities and tools we offer them. CIN: Can you tell us about the litigation you face? DS: We are involved in litigation as the client agency. The Department of Justice goes into federal court for any federal agency; they do for us as well. For example, two years ago, the then acting secretary issued a directive to other federal agencies that a particular company’s anti-virus products and services should not be used anymore. That company was the Kaspersky Lab. That ultimately ended up in court. The Department of Justice represented us, and we were involved as the client agency. We prevailed at both the district court and the Court of Appeals for the D.C. Circuit. CIN: What about Freedom of Information Act [FOIA] litigation? DS: Information law is a huge area of our practice because, in part, our agency is about the sharing of information and, to the greatest extent possible, being transparent about the information we have. Information law is extremely important to us because, while we want to be as transparent as possible, we work very hard to protect the sensitive and proprietary information shared with us by the private sector. Hypothetically, if a company shares with us their security plans that relate to a number of different facilities that they have around the country, and they want to improve those plans through a dialogue with us and benefit from our expertise—these are not appropriate to be released through the Freedom of Information Act. Therefore, we work hard to protect that sensitive and proprietary information, to the extent that we can. Occasionally issues like that end up in litigation, where we have had a great deal of success. CIN: Are there common misperceptions or misconceptions about your agency and what it’s doing? DS: I think the first problem we face is that many in the legal community do not know our agency or understand what we offer to their company or to their client. So it’s a lack of knowledge of what we do that’s the primary issue. For those who are familiar with the area of cybersecurity, there’s a lack of understanding of the legal frameworks associated with the protection of information sharing. Congress has worked extremely hard on this over the past several years to create a number of statutory protections for companies to share information with us and receive information from us. And we believe that the legal community is not fully aware of the extent and the depth of the information-sharing protections that Congress has provided. CIN: Is there sometimes tension between your organization and companies over any of these issues? DS: There is a tension. There’s an education process, and then, once a company understands what we offer, there’s a question of them getting a level of trust and confidence in what we’re going to bring to them—how we’re going to benefit them, and how they’re going to benefit the larger information-sharing environment. By sharing their information with us, we can share it with others who will be better protected. CIN: How do you overcome the gaps? DS: First is education. We tell people about the legal framework and what we provide. The second thing is relationship building. We have a number of forums that we host where companies and other federal agencies can exchange information with us and with each other. That builds a level of communication and trust. And, finally, there is the value of success stories—of seeing where we have established value, and then others learning from that success story and realizing that they can get some good services from this agency as well. CIN: Can you tell us some success stories that are examples of what you’re talking about? DS: Sure. The first one that comes to mind is the large Office of Personnel Management [OPM] data breach a few years ago. It was a wake-up call for federal agencies. Many in the private sector had had those kinds of extremely large incidents before—some of the really large companies. The federal government had not had that before, and this incident really catalyzed the federal sector in a whole new way. We’re in a different place now, in terms of the security of information maintained in the federal agencies. Another example I can give you is in the election infrastructure context leading up to the 2018 midterm election. We invested a tremendous amount in trying to help those who operate networks associated with elections around the country to build security. We sent unclassified threat alerts. We helped establish organizations like the Election Infrastructure ISAC, which went from being a brand new organization to hundreds of members. We organized tabletop exercises. We had a 24/7 Election Day operation center, where election officials around the country could send to us, either virtually or even sitting in person in our room, issues that they were seeing. So that was a real area of success, and a model we’re building for 2020. CIN: Let’s go back to the Office of Personnel Management. If we mentioned that organization in the context of cybersecurity to people who are knowledgeable on the subject, they would associate it with a huge failure. Do you think you have been able to share subsequent success stories adequately for people to understand that after that very large failure, there have been government successes? DS: I think it’s well understood that the federal sector is at a completely different place than we were prior to this incident. There are new statutory authorities, so Congress recognized some gaps that needed to be filled. There’s a new energy across the federal agencies. There’s more cooperation. For example, one of the new statutory authorities that Congress gave us is to issue binding operational directives. We did not have that authority prior to the OPM incident, and so Congress has allowed the secretary to issue a directive to the other agencies that they must do certain things, and that’s been received very well by the agencies. And we have judiciously used that on some high-profile and important issues. For example, CISA just released a new directive that requires that federal agencies move faster in patching vulnerabilities. In 2015 we instituted a requirement that federal agencies patch vulnerabilities within 30 days of a patch becoming available. However, empirical evidence from government and industry continues to demonstrate the need to remediate significant vulnerabilities closer to the time of detection. Therefore, the new directive requires agencies to patch critical vulnerabilities in half the time. CIN: How important is your automated indicator sharing [AIS] program? DS: It’s one of the most important information-sharing platforms available, although I will emphasize that AIS is only one of them. It’s a particular type that’s for companies that have the sophistication to receive machine-to-machine communications. It’s also related to a very specific type of information—cyber threat indicators and defensive measures. We have other information-sharing platforms that are more person-to-person exchanges or analyst-to-analyst exchanges. But AIS has been an extremely important development these past couple of years, since Congress required the establishment of that program in late 2015. And it’s growing. We now have a number of different countries feeding into our feed and receiving back from us. So it’s a very rich source of data. CIN: There are other information-sharing programs run by other organizations like the National Cyber-Forensics & Training Alliance [NCFTA]. Do you communicate with any of them? DS: If we can push our information out to an information-sharing organization that has 10,000 members, that’s fantastic. We don’t need to be connected to every one of those 10,000 members. We can push our information and receive information from that information hub. We understand that there are many of these nodes, and we hope to be a valuable player in that environment. CIN: What are three takeaways you want to leave in-house lawyers with? DS: We hope that attorneys will understand who does what in the cybersecurity field. We hope that they will understand specifically what CISA brings to the table, what capabilities and tools and resources we have that can benefit their company. And we hope that they will learn and study the basic legal frameworks associated with cybersecurity—the constitutional provisions, the statutory provisions and the main policy directives in this area.	cc/2019-30/en_head_0039.json.gz/line675
__label__cc	0.540356	0.459644	S.E. Cupp’s Diary: Foley’s new-found fabulousness S.E. Cupp Contributor Big news is, I finished and turned in my graduate thesis this week. It took me six years, which is twice as many as I spent in college. If I could drink New York City and live to tell about it, I would. Apparently Mark Foley—yes, that Mark Foley—has opened a store on the Dixie Highway in West Palm Beach called Celebrity Consignment, where he’s selling all his old Washington stuff—antique chandeliers, paintings, high-end French armoires. I’m proud of Foley for embracing his identity as a gay man (mostly so he no longer has to use underage Congressional pages to work through his issues). But Foley’s new endeavor prompted my good friend, who is gay, to point out: “It’s like someone told him he is now required to fulfill every part of the stereotype: move to West Palm, open a furniture store and obsess over the Keno twins on Antiques Roadshow.” I heart Politico. And it’s because of stories like this. Greta Van Susteren’s husband John Coale is apparently one of many D.C. fixtures who lost 60 lbs. with a fashionable weight-loss plan dubbed “The Hillary Diet.” In the story he delivers the following fantastic bon mot: “I have been on every diet known to man—I did Atkins to the point where there were herds of cattle afraid of me.” If scaring cows is no longer allowed, Mr. Coale, I’m happy to pick up the mantle for you. Speaking of, I’m experimenting with Fresh Direct, the online grocery delivery service, because shopping is hard when your only free time comes between 1 and 2 a.m. I ordered what I thought were a couple of individually sized sirloin steaks, but the photo online was misleading. So I now have four steaks the size of boogie boards in my freezer. Live and learn. I just discovered “The Ricky Gervais Show,” a hilarious, bizarre and raunchy animated comedy that is sure to become my new official all-time favorite thing Ricky’s ever done. Watching and hearing a cartoon version of Gervais burst into spontaneous giggles is surprisingly gratifying. I highly recommend you check it out on his website: www.rickygervais.com, which is, as he says, “the website of Ricky Gervais, obviously.” Travel + Leisure has a new story out, called “The Worst Places for Animal Attacks.” Shockingly, SeaWorld didn’t make the list. (Does it make me a terrible person if I feel like people who taunt dangerous animals for a living—Timothy Treadwell, Steve Irwin—should be prepared for things to go awry once in a while?) There’s no reason to read the T+L story—I think I can summarize: Don’t go swimming with great white sharks in Australia, try to avoid upsetting a Bengal tiger if you happen to be walking around Bangladesh, and never try to separate a mother hippo from her young. Hard-hitting journalism to reflect the dangerous times in which we live. Relatedly, I was talking to a friend about cute baby animals—seal pups, bear cubs, kittens. When I asked him which his favorite was, he said “baby people.” I see an effective pro-life ad here somewhere. Gawker describes the Stark-Levin-Rangel maneuver as “Old Person Replaces Sick Person as Corrupt Person Steps Aside.” Brazilliant! After seeing the Hannity special on “Generation Zero,” the new documentary from Citizens United on the economic crisis, I really can’t wait to see the full-length film. (Full disclosure: I happen to make a quick appearance. That’s right, I’m now a movie star. So stop bashing Hollywood, it hurts my feelings.) I was thinking, can you buy anything in this country for $.01 anymore? I remember going to the penny candy store on Saturdays during summers in Sandwich, Mass., with a dollar, and coming home with 100 pieces of candy for the week. I’m curious—if you own a business and sell something—anything—for a penny I’d like to know about it. (Offering up your hair on eBay for $.01 doesn’t count.) Further evidence that the Mayan calendar might have correctly predicted the end of the world is fast-approaching? A condom manufacturer in Switzerland has unveiled extra small condoms for 12-year-olds—because, as it turns out, unprotected sex was not one of little Kurt Von Trapp’s favorite things. S.E. Cupp is co-author of “Why You’re Wrong About The Right,” (Simon & Schuster, June 2008). Her second book, “Losing Our Religion: The Liberal Media’s Attack on Christianity“ comes out in April 2010. She is a columnist for the New York Daily News and a regular guest on “Hannity,” “Larry King Live,” “Fox & Friends,” “Geraldo,” “Red Eye with Greg Gutfeld,” and others. Tags : australia bangladesh british people ebay ebay inc english people florida fox friends greg gutfeld greta van susteren larry king larry king live mark foley massachusetts new york new york daily news ricky gervais switzerland the new york daily news united states usd washington west palm beach	cc/2019-30/en_head_0039.json.gz/line677
__label__wiki	0.785713	0.785713	Poll shows Corwin leading in N.Y. special election Alexis Levinson Political Reporter May 20, 2011 12:04 AM ET Republican Jane Corwin leads among registered voters in New York’s 26th district special election, according to a poll released Friday by the Rochester Business Journal. In what has turned out to be a surprisingly tight race, Corwin leads in the RBJ Daily Report Snap Poll, getting 48 percent of the vote from registered voters, while her Democratic opponent Kathy Hochul gets 36 percent. Tea Party candidate Jack Davis comes in with only 13 percent. The poll was conducted on a sample of 620 readers between May 16 and May 17. Of that sample, only 35 percent said they were registered to vote in the 26th district. Among all respondents, not just those who are registered voters in the 26th district, the race is much tighter. Forty-five percent said they favored Corwin, while 41 percent said they favored Hochul, suggesting that get-out-the-vote efforts will be very important for both parties. Corwin is the clear favorite among Republicans, garnering 76 percent of the vote compared to Davis’ 12 percent. Hochul is the favorite among Democrats, but also among non-affiliated or ‘other’ voters, where she leads Corwin 46 percent to 37 percent. The poll suggests that the race continues to remain tight as election day approaches, but it should be noted that the poll has a relatively small sample size, and that just over a third of that sample said they were registered voters. Tags : jane corwin kathy hochul new york Alexis Levinson	cc/2019-30/en_head_0039.json.gz/line678
__label__wiki	0.675887	0.675887	BillCam Opinion: Trump’s “Troika of Tyranny” Meddles in Venezuela, Cuba, Nicaragua May 4, 2019 • by Marjorie Cohn Under the guise of protecting human rights, the Trump administration is illegally meddling in three countries it has dubbed the “troika of tyranny” — Venezuela, Cuba and Nicaragua. National Security Adviser John Bolton claimed, “Miami is home to countless Americans, who fled the prisons and death squads of the Castro regime in Cuba, the murderous dictatorships of Chavez and Maduro in Venezuela, and the horrific violence of the 1980s and today under the brutal reign of the Ortegas in Nicaragua.” But the U.S. government’s human rights record doesn’t compare favorably to Cuba’s. And the Trump administration, which ignores notorious human rights violators like Saudi Arabia, is acting out of more cynical motives in its commission of egregious human rights violations against Venezuela, Cuba and Nicaragua. The U.S. government has imposed unlawful, coercive sanctions on these nations, and attempted to mount a coup to illegally change Venezuela’s regime. Trump and the real troika of tyranny — Bolton, Secretary of State Mike Pompeo and U.S. envoy for Venezuela Elliott Abrams — have failed in their coup attempt against the democratically elected Venezuelan President Nicolas Maduro. Trump’s troika, egged on by Sen. Marco Rubio (R-Florida), are seeking to substitute U.S. puppet Juan Guaidó for Maduro as president of Venezuela. On May 1, Pompeo told Fox Business that the U.S. might use military force in Venezuela “if that’s what is required.” Eric Prince, founder of the infamous Blackwater mercenary group, presented a plan to U.S. and European leaders to provide 5,000 mercenaries to Guaidó. McClatchy reported that covert U.S. weapons shipments arrived in Venezuela from Miami in February. This is particularly alarming because Russia has a solidarity presence in Venezuela and a U.S.-backed attack could risk a conflagration with Russia. Furthermore, the United Nations Charter forbids countries from using or threatening to use force against the territorial integrity or political independence of another country. The Charter of the Organization of American States prohibits any country from intervening in the internal or external affairs of another nation. And the International Covenant on Civil and Political Rights guarantees the right to self-determination. Sanctions Constitute Illegal Collective Punishment Meanwhile, the Trump administration has increased punishing sanctions on Venezuela as a step toward forcible regime change. “Statements from the [Trump] administration indicated that the purpose of the sanctions was to provoke a military rebellion to topple the government,” according to a new report by the Center for Economic and Policy Research. All of these sanctions constitute collective punishment of the civilian population, which is prohibited by the Geneva and Hague Conventions. Those sanctions are exacerbating the humanitarian catastrophe in Venezuela. They have led to more than 40,000 deaths from 2017-2018 and oil production has fallen more than 36 percent since January 2019. The report says the economic sanctions Trump imposed in August 2017 “reduced the public’s caloric intake, increased disease and mortality (for both adults and infants), and displaced millions of Venezuelans who fled the country as a result of the worsening economic depression and hyperinflation.” In addition, “They exacerbated Venezuela’s economic crisis and made it nearly impossible to stabilize the economy, contributing further to excess deaths. All of these impacts disproportionately harmed the poorest and most vulnerable Venezuelans.” According to the report, “Even more severe and destructive than the broad economic sanctions of August 2017 were the sanctions imposed by executive order on January 28, 2019, and subsequent executive orders this year; and the recognition of a parallel government.” Seeking to pressure Cuba to cease its solidarity with Venezuela, Trump has slammed Cuba with more sanctions, stiffening the economic and travel blockade and activating Title III of the Helms Burton Act to allow thousands of lawsuits that will discourage tourism and investment in Cuba. Trump has threatened Cuba with “a full and complete” embargo if it does not “immediately” stop supporting the Maduro government. Cuba called Bolton a “pathological liar” for alleging that Cuban troops are stationed in Venezuela. Cuban Foreign Minister Bruno Rodriguez stated at a news conference, “This is vulgar calumny. Cuba does not have troops nor military forces nor does it participate in military or security operations of the sister Republic of Venezuela.” Indeed, the CIA has determined that Cuba is much less involved and its solidarity is much less crucial to Venezuela than U.S. officials think, according to a former official. The United States uses a double standard for its human rights concerns and its attacks on socialist countries. In December 2018, Trump signed a bill levying sanctions to block Nicaragua from obtaining loans from the World Bank, the Inter-American Development Bank and the International Monetary Fund. The U.S. government is targeting Nicaragua’s Bancorp, which has ties to Venezuela. All of these sanctions constitute collective punishment of the civilian population, which is prohibited by the Geneva and Hague Conventions. They also violate the Charter of the Organization of American States, which prohibits intervention in the internal or external affairs of another country and the use of economic or political coercive measures “to force the sovereign will of another State.” This is not the first time the U.S. government has interfered and intervened in these three sovereign socialist countries. In 1960, responding to a secret State Department memo, the Eisenhower administration imposed an economic embargo on Cuba. The memo proposed “a line of action which, while as adroit and inconspicuous as possible, makes the greatest inroads in denying money and supplies to Cuba, to decrease monetary and real wages, to bring about hunger, desperation and overthrow of government.” The cruel U.S. economic blockade against Cuba, which continues to this day, has never led to the overthrow of the Cuban Revolution. In the 1980s, the Regan administration illegally assisted the Contras, who sought unsuccessfully to overthrow Daniel Ortega’s socialist government in Nicaragua. And in 2002, the CIA during the George W. Bush administration mounted a failed coup attempt against socialist president Hugo Chavez in Venezuela. Embassy Protection Collective Protects Venezuelan Embassy Meanwhile, the Embassy Protection Collective remains in the Venezuelan embassy in Washington, D.C. Members of CODEPINK and Popular Resistance have lived in the embassy for more than two weeks to protect it from a coup attempt and possible invasion by U.S.-backed opposition forces. On May 1, members of the collective fended off an attempted takeover of the embassy by forces loyal to Guaidó. If the Trump administration were to enter the embassy to expel these people, who are present with consent of the Venezuelan government, it would violate the Vienna Convention on Diplomatic Relations. Article 22 of that treaty states, “The premises of the mission shall be inviolable.” U.S. agents are prohibited from entering the embassy without the consent of the Maduro government. The United States is also “under a special duty to take all appropriate steps to protect the premises of the mission against any intrusion or damage and to prevent any disturbance of the peace of the mission or impairment of its dignity.” And the premises, furniture and other property “shall be immune from search, requisition, attachment or execution.” Margaret Flowers and Kevin Zeese, members of the Embassy Protective Collective, wrote, If the Venezuelan embassy in Washington is taken over by the opposition, it will have disastrous results. The Venezuelan government declared that if this happens, they will take the US embassy in Caracas. The US will view this as an act of aggression, and because it is already looking for an excuse to do so, could attack Venezuela. Because Russia and China are close allies of Venezuela, this could spark a global conflict. Why Is Team Trump Intent on Sanctions and Regime Change? Why is Trump’s troika so intent on regime change in Venezuela and sanctions in Cuba, Venezuela and Nicaragua? Last month, Bolton addressed the Bay of Pigs Veterans Association on the 58th anniversary of the Bay of Pigs invasion, in which the U.S. aided and abetted a failed attempt to overthrow Cuba’s Fidel Castro. “Together, we can finish what began on those beaches,” Bolton said, adding, “We must reject the forces of communism and socialism in this hemisphere.” It’s not simply anti-communism that animates the Trump administration’s fixation on sanctions and regime change in these Latin American countries. “With at least a half-million voters who were born in Cuba, Venezuela, Colombia or Nicaragua — and more with ancestral roots in those countries — it’s a constituency that could prove pivotal in November 2020 in a state that’s essential to Trump’s reelection fortunes,” Marc Caputo wrote at Politico. U.S. strategies on Cuba and Venezuela intertwine in an insidious way, and Senator Rubio is pivotal in both. “Venezuela is really an extension of the position on Cuba,” according to Ricardo Herrera, director of the Cuba Study Group. The Wall Street Journal reports that both countries are part of a plan to reassert U.S. dominance in Latin America and finally destroy the Cuban Revolution. Moreover, corporate America wants to get its hands on Venezuela’s oil. Bolton said in January, “We’re in conversation with major American companies now…. It will make a big difference to the United States economically if we could have American oil companies really invest in and produce the oil capabilities in Venezuela.” Veterans for Peace issued a statement calling on U.S. troops to resist illegal orders to invade Venezuela, noting, “While President Trump speaks of supporting democracy in Venezuela and Latin America, the real purpose of the U.S. assault on the Venezuelan government is to fully open the vast Venezuelan oil reserves to U.S. and other Western oil corporations as well as to destroy progressive governments in Latin America that put their own peoples’ needs above the profits of foreign corporations.” Although there is opposition to Maduro’s policies in Venezuela, people don’t want the United States to impose its will on them. Eva Golinger, former adviser to Hugo Chavez, told Democracy Now! that “certainly, there are many in Venezuela who would hope for change in their country, but they don’t want a U.S.-backed regime in place. They don’t want a far-right-imposed regime that answers to foreign interests, which is what we’re seeing take place in the country.” On May 1, Rep. Ilhan Omar (D-Minnesota), also appearing on Democracy Now!, said, “A lot of the policies that we have put in place has kind of helped lead the devastation in Venezuela,” adding, “this particularly bullying and the use of sanctions to eventually intervene and make regime change really does not help the people of countries like Venezuela, and it certainly does not help and is not in the interest of the United States.” Many in Congress and the corporate media walk in lockstep with the administration on its Venezuela strategy. On April 3, a bipartisan group of senators introduced a bill to recognize Guaidó as the president of Venezuela. Instead, Congress should pass H.R.1004, the Prohibiting Unauthorized Military Action in Venezuela Act, which would forbid the use of U.S. military force in Venezuela without explicit congressional authorization. This bill is now pending in the House Armed Services and Foreign Affairs Committees. People can contact their representatives and urge them to co-sponsor and support H.R.1004. Marjorie Cohn is professor emerita at Thomas Jefferson School of Law, former president of the National Lawyers Guild, deputy secretary general of the International Association of Democratic Lawyers and a member of the advisory board of Veterans for Peace. Her most recent book is Drones and Targeted Killing: Legal, Moral, and Geopolitical Issues. Previous StoryOpinion: The Medicare for All Con Job Next StoryBulletin Board—Stopping 5G Microwave Radiation: The May 15th National Day of Action Write for DailyClout Blog Archive Select Month July 2019 (9) June 2019 (7) May 2019 (9) April 2019 (12) March 2019 (7) February 2019 (9) January 2019 (3) December 2018 (1) September 2018 (3) August 2018 (5) July 2018 (13) June 2018 (22) May 2018 (10) April 2018 (11) March 2018 (6) February 2018 (3) January 2018 (7) December 2017 (6) November 2017 (11) October 2017 (5) September 2017 (8) August 2017 (9) July 2017 (15) June 2017 (9) May 2017 (7) April 2017 (10) March 2017 (9) February 2017 (8) January 2017 (5) December 2016 (4) November 2016 (6) Opinion: The Medicare for All Con Job Should Hugs Be Politically Lethal? Kamala Harris Has a Distinguished Career of Serving Injustice Is the Definition of Terrorism Racist? Is Beauty Political? Copyright © 2018 DailyClout. All Rights Reserved /* ----------------------------------------- / / Content Template: blog-post - start / / ----------------------------------------- / h3.entry-title {font-size:40px !important; text-align:left; font-family:'Merriweather' !important; margin-bottom:0; margin-top:0px;} iframe {display:block; margin:auto;} .meta {font-family:'Merriweather'; margin:8px 0 20px 0;} .meta p {font-size:18px;} .author {border-top:1px solid #cecece; margin-top:40px; padding-top:20px; margin-bottom:40px; font-size:14px; line-height:20px;} .author img {border-radius:50%;} .twitter-tweet {margin:auto !important;} .fw-wp-embed-shortcode {margin-bottom:16px;} .blog-post img.aligncenter {width:100%;} .blog-post a {box-shadow: inset 0 -6px 0 #6db56b; display:inline-block; text-decoration:none; color:inherit} .blog-post a:hover {color:#6db56b} .category span { display: inline-block; width: auto; height: 38px; margin-bottom:15px; background-color: #6db56b; -webkit-border-radius: 3px 4px 4px 3px; -moz-border-radius: 3px 4px 4px 3px; border-radius: 3px 4px 4px 3px; border-left: 1px solid #6db56b; / This makes room for the triangle / margin-left: 19px; position: relative; color: white; font-weight: 300; font-size: 16px; line-height: 38px; padding: 0 10px 0 10px; } / Makes the triangle / .category span:before { content: ""; position: absolute; display: block; left: -19px; width: 0; height: 0; border-top: 19px solid transparent; border-bottom: 19px solid transparent; border-right: 19px solid #6db56b; } / Makes the circle / .category span:after { content: ""; background-color: white; border-radius: 50%; width: 4px; height: 4px; display: block; position: absolute; left: -9px; top: 17px; } / ----------------------------------------- / / Content Template: blog-post - end / / ----------------------------------------- */	cc/2019-30/en_head_0039.json.gz/line679
__label__cc	0.555484	0.444516	NBA Value Index - March 24 Alright, folks. We are one week away from ending NBA coverage for this season. Once April hits, we are a full go with baseball content (can't wait!). But there's still a lot of time to be profitable in the NBA, but again, we have to continuously… https://dailyoverlay.com/wp-content/uploads/2019/07/NBA-Picks-POST.jpg 500 1200 Stephen Monahan https://www.dailyoverlay.com/wp-content/uploads/2018/07/logo.png Stephen Monahan2017-03-24 14:10:552017-03-24 14:10:55NBA Value Index - March 24 We're back for another edition of the Value Index. Tonight's NBA slate has 8 games for us to build our lineups, but I can't say I feel this is a very solid set of games. As the NBA regular season comes to an end, we've seen a trend of teams… NBA Value Index - February 15th Well, this is it. For awhile anyway. The last big slate of games before the NBA All-Star Break. Tonight we have a 14-game slate to work with. Only Chicago and Washington are off tonight. There are two games Thursday, but let's face it,… https://dailyoverlay.com/wp-content/uploads/2019/07/NBA-Picks-POST.jpg 500 1200 Stephen Monahan https://www.dailyoverlay.com/wp-content/uploads/2018/07/logo.png Stephen Monahan2017-02-15 16:38:482017-02-15 16:38:48NBA Value Index - February 15th NBA Expert Consensus NBA – Industry Expert Consensus – March 28th A nice big 10-game slate of NBA action tonight and plenty of value plays to go around with numerous teams resting players such as the Kings and Spurs. The top Vegas totals for tonight feature the Kings/Blazers and Suns/T’Wolves. NOTE: This… https://dailyoverlay.com/wp-content/uploads/2019/07/NBA-Consensus-POST.jpg 500 1200 Brad Richter https://www.dailyoverlay.com/wp-content/uploads/2018/07/logo.png Brad Richter2016-03-28 21:29:252016-03-28 21:29:25NBA – Industry Expert Consensus – March 28th NBA – Industry Expert Consensus – February 10th We have a huge pre-All-Star game slate of 12 NBA games tonight. Be sure to get your DFS fix in tonight before suffering through a break without NBA DFS action. A lot of entertaining games on tap with 9 out of the 12 games coming in with a point… https://dailyoverlay.com/wp-content/uploads/2019/07/NBA-Consensus-POST.jpg 500 1200 Brad Richter https://www.dailyoverlay.com/wp-content/uploads/2018/07/logo.png Brad Richter2016-02-10 22:01:182016-02-10 22:01:18NBA – Industry Expert Consensus – February 10th NBA – Industry Expert Consensus – February 3rd A full slate of 11 games tonight in the NBA which leads to a wide variety of players to choose from on our Consensus list this evening. Should be a fun night of NBA action! Be sure to check back about a half hour before tipoff for our “NBA… https://dailyoverlay.com/wp-content/uploads/2019/07/NBA-Consensus-POST.jpg 500 1200 Brad Richter https://www.dailyoverlay.com/wp-content/uploads/2018/07/logo.png Brad Richter2016-02-03 22:12:332016-02-03 22:12:33NBA – Industry Expert Consensus – February 3rd NBA – Industry Expert Consensus – February 1st We have a nice nine game slate of NBA action to kick off the week tonight. The slate includes a matchup between the Wizards and Thunder that has a Vegas total of 221 points. Also, most games are projected to remain close as only one game has… https://dailyoverlay.com/wp-content/uploads/2019/07/NBA-Consensus-POST.jpg 500 1200 Brad Richter https://www.dailyoverlay.com/wp-content/uploads/2018/07/logo.png Brad Richter2016-02-01 21:54:152016-02-01 21:54:15NBA – Industry Expert Consensus – February 1st NBA – Industry Expert Consensus – January 5th We have a mini 4-game slate of NBA action tonight. With limited options to choose from on a small slate of games, the experts are all loading up on the same group of about 20 players to choose from for tonight. All four games have a Vegas total… https://dailyoverlay.com/wp-content/uploads/2019/07/NBA-Consensus-POST.jpg 500 1200 Brad Richter https://www.dailyoverlay.com/wp-content/uploads/2018/07/logo.png Brad Richter2016-01-05 22:09:482016-01-05 22:09:48NBA – Industry Expert Consensus – January 5th NBA - Industry Expert Consensus - December 29th Five games on this Tuesday night with the latest tip at 8pm CT. A lot of high-priced talent on the board for the evening so let's see if we can't find a couple bargains in our Consensus write-up today. The numbers in the parenthesis are the… https://dailyoverlay.com/wp-content/uploads/2019/07/NBA-Consensus-POST.jpg 500 1200 Matt Butler https://www.dailyoverlay.com/wp-content/uploads/2018/07/logo.png Matt Butler2015-12-29 21:59:412015-12-29 21:59:41NBA - Industry Expert Consensus - December 29th	cc/2019-30/en_head_0039.json.gz/line680
__label__wiki	0.829309	0.829309	No Shockers Among DGA Awards Film Nominees: Cuaron, Greengrass, McQueen, Russell, Scorsese By Pete Hammond Pete Hammond Awards Columnist/Chief Film Critic @DeadlinePete More Stories By Pete Emmy Host Or No Host? No Decision And No Offers Have Been Made – Yet ‘Avengers: Endgame’, ‘Game Of Thrones’ Lead Saturn Award Nominations Does ‘Toy Story 4’, ‘Avengers: Endgame’ Or ANYTHING From 2019’s First Six Months Have A Shot At The Best Picture Oscar? January 7, 2014 11:45am Today’s eagerly awaited DGA nominations are out and there are no surprises in the bunch. Gravity’s Alfonso Cuaron, Captain Phillips’ Paul Greengrass, 12 Years A Slave’s Steve McQueen, American Hustle’s David O. Russell and The Wolf Of Wall Street‘s Martin Scorsese were all odds-on favorites to make the five — and they did. Some might have questioned Scorsese’s chances since the film has become a lightning rod for controversy and was the last major release of the year, meaning the 15,000-member guild voters would have to see it in time to cast their ballot. But c’mon, he’s Martin Scorsese. There would be no denying this achievement among his fellow directors. He has received the Lifetime Achievement Award from the guild and 10 other nominations with 3 wins in 3 different categories (The Departed in film, Boardwalk Empire in TV and George Harrison: Living In The Material World in documentary). He’s a god to this guild. Greengrass, McQueen and Cuaron are all first-timers here, while Russell was nominated for 2010’s The Fighter. However, Russell was passed over for a nomination last year for Silver Linings Playbook but went on to receive an Oscar nod for that film anyway. Generally there is a strong correlation between the DGA and the Oscars. Only seven times has the winner of the DGA Award not gone on to win the Oscar . But the most recent time, last year, was also among the most infamous: Ben Affleck still went on to win the DGA Best Director award for Argo even after the Academy’s much smaller — and quirkier — Directors Branch threw a monkey wrench into the proceedings and snubbed Affleck in its nominations. Life Of Pi’s Ang Lee went on to win the Oscar after losing to Affleck at the DGA, while Argo took Best Picture. In addition to Lee the only agreement the Academy’s Directors Branch had with the DGA was Steven Spielberg’s nomination for Lincoln. It was one of the worst years ever since the DGA Awards were founded in 1948 in terms of a match-up between the guild’s list and Oscar (which also nominated Behn Zeitlin of Beasts Of The Southern Wild and Amour’s Michael Haneke in addition to Russell). I don’t expect the same thing to happen this year. This is a very strong lineup that includes all the likely frontrunners to grab an Academy Directorial nod as well. But as we all learned last year Oscar often has surprises up its sleeve. We’ll see. (more…) This article was printed from https://deadline.com/2014/01/directors-guild-awards-film-nominations-full-list-659827/	cc/2019-30/en_head_0039.json.gz/line681
__label__wiki	0.849993	0.849993	Home Bad Guys The Baseball Writers’ Association of America falls in lockstep with 2016, sends... The Baseball Writers’ Association of America falls in lockstep with 2016, sends Commissioner of the Steroid Era to the Hall of Fame Bud Selig, the hand-wringing commissioner of the strike- and steroid era, will be enshrined. We say he’s already got vampire status, so no need for further immortality. By Andrew J. Pridgen A Bud-Selig-getting-sent-to-the-Hall-of-Fame rant on this site is almost too predictable; it’s so horrible and forced and easy to call it feels like that part in The Empire Strikes Back when Luke somehow makes himself stumble into the carbon freezing chamber, maybe to retrieve Han’s Puka shell necklace, and Vader waves his good hand and says, “All too easy.” Long-time commissioner Selig, for the record, got in on a supplemental ballot cohort referred to as the The Today’s Game Era committee. Anytime you start naming committees starting with the word “Today” to distract from their implicit obsolescence…. Those writers are tasked with giving a second look to people no longer eligible on the regular annual ballot or figures, like owners and front office folks (please let’s consider a groundskeepers and concessionaires wing if you’re going to go that deep), who may otherwise be overlooked. This writers’ association committee will review such candidates twice every five years with the next one in 2018. So Selig sneaks in even though he’s only been out of the game for a year. And true innovators like George Steinbrenner, the owner of the Yankees from 1973 until his death in 2010, as well as deserving players of the Selig era, Mark McGwire, Albert Belle, Harold Baines, Orel Hershiser and Will Clark along with managers Davey Johnson and Lou Piniella got the shaft. The McGwire snub seems especially ironic in the context of Selig, but more on that in a second. Selig, the original owner of the Milwaukee Brewers, ousted then commissioner Fay Vincent in September of 1992 and led the league for more than two decades. A look at those two decades shows on Selig’s watch the sport grew into a $10-billion/year enterprise. But also during that time, baseball took a backseat to the N.F.L., NBA and even NASCAR and college football in fan and revenue growth. He also almost killed baseball, for good. Just two years in, Selig’s office stopped the baseball season at precisely 9:45 p.m. PDT on Aug. 11, 1994, ushering in the worst strike in baseball sports history, no playoffs. No World Series. Baseball has survived two world wars, a Great Depression and a terrorist attack on U.S. soil, but it was called on account of greed from the owners fronted by Selig, the greediest of them all. The strike cost players millions of dollars and management about $1 billion. Games didn’t resume until the following April 25, almost four weeks after an injunction was issued restoring the rules of the expired labor contract. But much more was lost that year than money. San Francisco Giants third baseman Matt Williams’ opportunity to (cleanly) break Roger Maris’ home run record ended the night of the strike — he had 43. Greats of their day in their retirement seasons, Bob Welch, Lloyd McClendon, and Kevin McReynolds never got a chance to suit up again. And though mostly forgotten today, there are many loyal fans of that era who never bumped uglies with a turnstile again. The strike resulted in a luxury tax for teams whose payrolls skyrocket and it also favored heavily small- and mid-market teams and ownerships getting their share. The latter move has been mostly praised as a good thing for baseball, and has manifested into teams like Houston, Kansas City and Cleveland’s rise to prominence in recent years. But other teams (Oakland, Tampa) and their ownership groups have seemingly taken advantage of the system and used profit-sharing to keep afloat as they continue to ship out budding stars for prospects and see fewer and fewer fans in the seats though their coffers remain flush. (The A’s, for example, received about $34 million in free money last year, a trend that should ebb with the new collective bargaining agreement.) It should be noted that a labor contract dispute in 2002 was settled in three hours, without a work stoppage — giving heft to the notion that the Selig administration (and the players’ unions) still had 1994 fresh in their memories. In order to bring fans back to the game in the years that followed the strike, Selig was complicit presiding over the steroid era. It was not until 1998 — the fabled single-season home run chase between Mark McGwire and Sammy Sosa — that baseball re-captivated fans and the general public. Selig, along with most of the rest of the ticket-buying public, knew something was funky about this new long-ball era, and yet he stood by and watched people flock back to the game. Selig is now and will always be the commissioner of the steroid era. He also says he was the commissioner behind the “toughest drug-testing program in American sports” yet there is no evidence that actually came true. Players and their nerd friends in the chem lab will always try to outsmart the test. In spite of Selig’s tough-guy approach, labs like Florida’s Biogenesis continued to distribute to superstars like A-Rod and Ryan Braun years after the PED “era” came to an alleged end. And while the game is deemed as “mostly clean” by both players and management today, there will always be guys, in contract seasons especially, who will notch it up to get an edge, 80-game (strike one) or full-season (strike two) suspensions be damned. Selig should get credit for installing a few tweaks poached from other leagues that dragged baseball into the 21st Century. The wild-card system has been nothing short of a wild success and MLB Advanced Media is perhaps professional sports’ greatest multi-media juggernaut, creating a huge internet presence and accessibility to the sport that is unparalleled. One of Selig’s most unforgivable legacies — attaching the result of the All-Star Game to home-field advantage in the World Series — was rescinded in the latest version of baseball’s collective bargaining agreement with its players’ union last month. …Home field advantage will instead be decided by the All-Star Weekend celebrity softball game. So the hopes and dreams of your home team are now squarely on the shoulders of Jamie Foxx and Jessica Alba. Andrew J. Pridgen is the author of “Burgundy Upholstery Sky” which you should purchase for yourself and a friend this holiday season. Davey Johnson Death of the Press Box Fay Vincent Kevin McReynolds Lloyd McClendon Previous articleUnfit Next articleAbove the law California Baseball Weekly: Mother’s Day California Baseball Weekly: What a Dumb Trade California Baseball Weekly: Giant-Sized California Baseball Weekly: No-No! California Baseball Weekly: Snowmaker California Baseball Weekly: And on This Rock I Will Build My Church	cc/2019-30/en_head_0039.json.gz/line682
__label__wiki	0.981655	0.981655	Furloughs lower Iran prison count, but dozens still jailed April 6, 2010 12:01 AM ET New York, April 6, 2010—At least 35 journalists were imprisoned in Iran as of April 1 as authorities continued their nearly year-long crackdown on the news media, according to CPJ’s latest monthly census. Another 18 journalists were free on short-term furloughs granted for the Iranian New Year and were expected to report back to prison. • Top writers, journalists petition for detainees' release Many of the incarcerated journalists are under immense physical and psychological pressure to “confess” to crimes they have not committed, including crimes that could carry the death sentence, CPJ research shows. Many have also been denied family visits and access to legal counsel. Others have been held without charge for periods far exceeding legal limits. “Not only is the scope of journalist detentions in Iran regrettable, so too is the appalling treatment these journalists have been subjected to,” said CPJ Executive Director Joel Simon. “People all over the world hold the Iranian government responsible for any harm that might befall these journalists while in custody for simply doing their jobs. We will continue to monitor the situation closely and hope that those furloughed will not be returned to jail." In light of the Iranian government’s crackdown, CPJ is conducting monthly surveys of journalists imprisoned in Iran. (CPJ normally conducts a worldwide survey of jailed journalists each December.) CPJ’s March census recorded 52 journalists in Iranian prisons; in February, the census found 47 behind bars. The surveys, conducted on the first of each month, are snapshots of those incarcerated on that date. Iran remains the world’s worst jailer of journalists, CPJ research shows. China was holding 24 journalists behind bars when CPJ conducted its worldwide census on December 1, 2009. CPJ research shows the number in China has remained stable since that time. Below are capsule reports on each journalist imprisoned in Iran: IN CUSTODY Adnan Hassanpour, Aso Imprisoned: January 25, 2007 Security agents seized Hassanpour, former editor for the now-defunct Kurdish-Persian weekly Aso, in his hometown of Marivan, Kurdistan province, according to news reports. A Revolutionary Court convicted Hassanpour in July 2007 of endangering national security and engaging in propaganda against the state, one of his attorneys, Sirvan Hosmandi, told CPJ. The journalist was sentenced to death. A court of appeals overturned the death sentence in September 2008 and ordered a new trial on charges of "working for outlawed parties" and espionage, according to the BBC. In November 2009, a trial court convicted Hassanpour on the new charges and re-imposed the death sentence, the BBC said. According to reports on the Human Rights Activists News Agency Web site, Adnan Hassanpour's death sentence was overturned in February and he was given a new sentence of 31 years in prison. Mohammad Seddigh Kaboudvand, Payam-e Mardom Imprisoned: July 1, 2007 Plainclothes security officials arrested journalist and human rights activist Kaboudvand at his Tehran office, according to Amnesty International and CPJ sources. He is being held at Evin Prison in Tehran. Authorities accused Kaboudvand, head of the Human Rights Organization of Kurdistan and managing editor of the weekly Payam-e Mardom, of acting against national security and engaging in propaganda against the state, according to his organization's Web site. A Revolutionary Court in Tehran sentenced him to 11 years in prison. Mojtaba Lotfi, freelance Imprisoned: October 8, 2008 A clergyman and blogger, Lotfi was arrested by security forces on a warrant issued by the religious ‎Clergy Court in Qom. Authorities accused him of publishing the views of Ayatollah Hossein-Ali Montazeri, who had criticized President Mahmoud Ahmadinejad's positions. Authorities did not specify particular articles or publications in which the views were supposedly cited. Lotfi was convicted of several charges, including spreading antistate information, and sentenced to four years in prison, according to news reports. Hossein Derakhshan, freelance Imprisoned: November 2008 On December 30, 2008, a spokesman for the Iranian Judiciary confirmed in a press conference in Tehran that Derakhshan, a well-known Iranian-Canadian blogger, had been detained since November 2008 in connection with comments he allegedly made about a key cleric, according to local and international news reports. The exact date of Derakhshan's arrest was unknown, but news of his detention first appeared on November 17, 2008, on a Web site close to the Iranian intelligence apparatus. At the time, Jahan News reported that he had confessed to "spying for Israel" during the preliminary interrogation. Derakhshan started blogging after the September 11, 2001, terrorist attacks on the United States. A former writer for reformist newspapers, he also contributed opinion pieces to The Guardian of London and The New York Times. The journalist, who lived in Canada during most of the last decade, returned to Tehran a few weeks prior to his detention, The Washington Post reported. In November 2009, the BBC Persian service reported that Derakhshan's family had sought information about his whereabouts and the charges he faced and expressed concern about having very limited contact with him. According to an article in Khodnevis, a cooperative Web site of Iranian journalists, Derakhshan has spent more than nine months of his detention in solitary confinement at Evin Prison. He has not had any visits with his family, and has only recently been allowed to buy items at the prison store. According to this article, Derakhshan's charges range from espionage for Israel to illegitimate sexual relationships and insulting sacred concepts, charges that carry a death sentence. On March 18, 2010, in a widely pulished open letter to the head of the Iranian judiciary, Sadegh Larijani, Derakhshan’s mother complained about the judiciary’s silence on her son’s case. In an interview with the U.S.-funded Radio Farda, Derakhshan’s brother, Hamed Derakhshan, also said that Hossein has not been informed of his charges during his 500 days in custody. He said Derakhshan apparently made “confessions” under pressure that he later retracted. Nader Karimi Jooni, Jahan-e-Sanat, Sharq, Gozaresh, Fekr, and Siasat-e-Rooz Imprisoned: December 2008 Jooni, arrested in late 2008, was sentenced to 10 years in prison on January 11, 2010, at Branch 28 of the Revolutionary Court. He was convicted on charges of mutiny, espionage, and acting against national security, according to the reformist Web site Kalame. He denied the charges and said the case was politicized. Jooni, who was an editor and writer for now-defunct publications such as Gozaresh, Fekr, Jahan-e Sanat and Siasat Roozi, was placed in Evin Prison's Ward 209, where political prisoners are held. He is an Iran-Iraq War veteran who requires ongoing medical care, according to reformist news Web site Kalame. Mohammad Pour Abdollah, freelance Imprisoned: February 13, 2009 On December 9, 2009, branch 15 of Iran's Revolutionary Courts sentenced Pour Abdollah, a Tehran university student and a blogger, to six years in prison for "illegal congregation, actions against national security, and propagating against the Islamic Republic of Iran," according to the BBC Persian Web site. According to different news Web sites, he has been tortured and abused physically and psychologically in prison. Since his detention, Pour Abdollah's blog has been disabled. Only his last post can be accessed on another writer's blog. In that post, Pour Abdollah writes critically about the political, social, and economic conditions in Iran and elsewhere. Morteza Moradpour, Yazligh Imprisoned: May 22, 2009 Moradpour, who wrote for Yazligh, a children’s magazine, is serving a three-year prison term on charges of “propagation against the Islamic Republic of Iran,” “mutiny,” and “illegal congregation,” according to the Committee of Human Rights Reporters. An appeals court in Azerbaijan province upheld the sentence, according to the committee’s February 9 report. Moradpour was arrested in 2009 along with several other family members during a protest pertaining to Azeri language rights in Tabriz, according to a news article on the Committee of Human Rights Reporters’ Web site. Two issues of Yazligh were used as evidence in the trial against him, the news Web site Bizim Tabriz reported. Moradpour's attorney said the charges were politically motivated and fabricated, the news Web site Tabriz Sesi reported. The Committee of Human Rights Reporters said pressure on members of Azeri civil society has been increasing as the government attempts to marginalize this ethnic minority. Ahmad Zaid-Abadi, freelance Imprisoned: June 2009 Zaid-Abadi, who wrote a weekly column for Rooz Online, a Farsi- and English-language reformist news Web site, was arrested in Tehran, according to news reports. Zaid-Abadi is also the director of the Organization of University Alumni of the Islamic Republic of Iran and a supporter of defeated presidential candidate Mehdi Karroubi. Mahdieh Mohammadi, Zaid-Abadi's wife, was allowed to see the journalist after he had spent 53 days in custody, according to the German public broadcaster Deutsche Welle. He told her that he was being held in inhumane conditions, according to the Parleman News Web site. On November 23, 2009, Zaid-Abadi was sentenced to six years in prison, five years' exile to Gonabad in Khorasan Province, and a "lifetime deprivation of any political activity” including “interviews, speech, and analysis of events, whether in written or oral form," according to Deutsche Welle’s Persian Web site. An appeals court upheld the sentence on January 2, 2010, according to Advar News. Zaid-Abadi and journalist Massoud Bastani were transferred to Rajaee Shahr Prison in February. His lawyer objected to the transfer, according to the reformist daily Etemad. Rajaee Shahr Prison's detainees are mostly hardened criminals. Omid Salimi, Nesf e Jehan Imprisoned: June 14, 2009 Salimi, a photographer who worked for Nesf e Jehan newspaper in Esfahan, was arrested after being summoned by the Revolutionary Guards to pick up belongings‎ confiscated during an earlier arrest, according to Human Rights and ‎Democracy Activists in Iran, a local human rights watchdog. Salimi had been detained in ‎December 2008 and had spent three months in prison on unspecified charges. After his most recent arrest, Salimi was transferred to Evin Prison in Tehran, according to the Iranian Human Rights Activists ‎New Agency.‎ No formal charges have been disclosed. Kayvan Samimi, Nameh Samimi, manager of the now-defunct monthly Nameh, is being held in Evin Prison after his arrest in Tehran, according to news reports. Samimi called his family in October to tell them that he was pressured to make a false confession, his lawyer told Rooz Online. According to the Free Iranian Journalists Web site, on February 22, Samimi was transferred from Evin's general ward to solitary confinement after he objected to unsuitable prison conditions, and a visit with his family was cancelled. Hamzeh Karami, Jomhoriyat Karami, editor of the now-defunct reformist news Web site Jomhoriyat was arrested on June 19, 2009, according to the reformist Web site Nedaye Sabz-e Azadi. Jomhoriyat was banned by Iranian authorities on June 12, 2009, according to the Asr-e Iran news Web site. Karami is a close ally of reformist politician Mehdi Hashemi Rafsanjani. He has been forced to make confessions against himself and others, according to the Reporters and Human Rights Activists of Iran Web site. On February 27, he was sentenced to 16 years in prison and fined 600 million toomans (US$600,000). Some of his charges were "acting against national security through congregation and mutiny intended to disrupt public order," "propagating against the regime," "propagating falsehoods," and "embezzlement" according to the semi-official Fars News Agency. Issa Saharkhiz, freelance Saharkhiz, a columnist for the reformist news Web sites Rooz Online and Norooz and a founding member of the Association of Iranian ‎Journalists, was arrested while traveling in northern Iran, the association said in a ‎statement. ‎Saharkhiz's lawyer said his client faces charges of "participation in riots," "encouraging others to participate in riots," and "insulting the supreme leader," according to Rooz Online. Saharkhiz has had a long career in journalism. He worked for 15 years for IRNA, Iran's official news agency, and ran its New York office for part of that time. He returned to Iran in 1997 to work in Mohammad Khatami's Ministry of Islamic Guidance, in charge of domestic publications. Saharkhiz and a superior, Ahmad Bouraghani, came to be known as the architects of a period of relative freedom for the press in Iran. After Saharkhiz was forced to leave the ministry and was banned from government service in a trial, he founded a reformist newspaper, Akhbar-e Eghtesad, and monthly magazine, Aftab, both of which were eventually banned. Saharkhiz wrote articles directly critical of Ayatollah Ali Khamenei, Iran's supreme leader. Issa Saharkhiz has been subjected to constant pressure at Evin Prison, according to Rooz Online. Punishments included being kept in the prison yard overnight in freezing temperatures without shoes or socks, Rooz Online reported. Massoud Bastani, Farhikhtegan and Jomhoriyat Bastani, a journalist for the reformist newspaper Farihikhtegan and Jomhoriyat, a news Web site affiliated with the ‎defeated presidential candidate Mir-Hossein Mousavi, was arrested when he ‎went to a Tehran court seeking information about his wife, journalist Mehsa Amrabadi, according to local news reports. Amrabadi, arrested ‎along with two other journalists on June 15, was released on August 25. Bastani was among more than 100 opposition figures and journalists who faced a mass, televised judicial proceeding in August on vague antistate accusations, according to news reports. In ‎September, his lawyer, Mohammad Sharrif, told the Amir Kabir Newsletter Web site that ‎Bastani had spent weeks in solitary confinement. On October 20, the news site Norooz reported that a court had sentenced Bastani to six years in prison for "propagating against the regime and congregating and mutinying to create anarchy." Bastani had been editor-in-chief of the now-banned Neda-ye Eslahat (Voice of Reform) weekly. Bastani was transferred to the Rajaee Shahr Prison for hardened criminals, along with Ahmad Zaid-Abadi, according to the reformist daily Etemad. Saeed Matin-Pour, Yar Pag and Mouj Bidari Imprisoned: July 12, 2009 A Revolutionary Court in Tehran convicted Matin-Pour of having "relations with foreigners and propagating against the regime," according to local news reports. He was sentenced to an eight-year prison term. Matin-Pour‎ was first arrested in May 2007 and released on bail. He was rearrested in 2009 amid the government's crackdown on the press. The journalist worked for Yar Pag and Mouj Bidari newspapers in western Azerbaijan province, in addition to writing his own blog, according to local news reports. Matin-Pour suffers from heart and respiratory problems, and his family has not been able to secure a medical release for examination outside prison, according to the news Web site Advarnews. On February 4, Matin-Pour suffered severe chest pains and prison authorities delayed giving him medical attention, according to Savalan Sessi, an Azeri human rights Web site. Mohammad Hossein Sohrabi Rad, Saham News Imprisoned: September 2009 Sohrabi Rad was arrested by Ministry of Information agents on charges of working with Saham News in preparing a documentary on prisoner abuse at the Kahrizak Detention Center, according to the reformist Web site Asr-e Nou. (The detention center was closed in July 2009 after evidence emerged of pervasive abuse of detainees.) Asr-e Nou reported that Sohrabi Rad had been subjected to physical and psychological pressure at Evin Prison. Authorities transferred Sohrabi Rad from Ward 209, where political prisoners are held, to solitary confinement in Ward 240, according to news reports. A prison doctor said the journalist was suffering greatly in prison, according to the Web site of Human Rights and Democracy Activists of Iran. He was married shortly before his arrest, according to the site. Mohammad Davari, Saham News Imprisoned: September 5, 2009 Saham News, a Web site affiliated with presidential candidate Mehdi ‎Karroubi, reported that its editor-in-chief, Davari, had been detained. Seventeen days after his arrest, the journalist was allowed to contact his family, ‎according to the Tahavolkhani news Web site. His mother said he was being held at Tehran's ‎Evin Prison. Davari was brought to trial on November 22 on charges of propagating against the regime, congregation and mutiny for disrupting national security, and creating chaos in public order. In the weeks after the election, Davari had videotaped the testimony of inmates at Kahrizak Detention Center who alleged they had been raped and abused while in custody, according to the Free Iranian Journalists blog. (The detention center was closed in July 2009 after evidence emerged of pervasive abuse of detainees.) After Davari complained about poor prison conditions during a visit by a government official, he was sent to solitary confinement, according to the Jonbesh-e Rah-e Sabz reformist news Web site. He went on a one-week hunger strike in protest. He remains in solitary confinement and has has not been allowed to contact his family. Seyed Massoud Lavasani, Shargh, Etemad, Etemad-e-Melli Imprisoned: September 26, 2009 Massoud Lavasani has worked for many Iranian newspapers, including Shargh, Etemad, Etemad-e-Melli, Kargozaran, as well as the Mehr News Agency. He was arrested at home in September 2009. On December 21, 2009, he was sentenced to eight and a half years in prison. He appealed the sentence, but his appeals hearing has not convened yet. The judge has rebuffed requests for bail, according to the Jonbesh-e Rah-e- Sabz Web site. The site reported that Lavasani went on a hunger strike on March 11 to protest his treatment by prison authorities. His visitation and telephone rights have been suspended. Jonbesh-e Rah-e- Sabz reported that his health is poor, adding that there were reports earlier of a reduction of Lavasani’s visitation privileges from once every two weeks to once every six weeks with the stipulation that he is not allowed to see his child during his visits. Javad Mahzadeh, freelance Imprisoned: October 22, 2009 Mahzadeh‎, a journalist and novelist, was arrested on his way to work on the orders of the ‎‎Revolutionary Court's prosecutor's office, according to local news reports. Mahzadeh, a political analyst and a literary critic who wrote for the Web sites Iranian Diplomacy and Baran, is ‎‎well-known in Iran for the novel Take Away Your Laughter. Authorities confiscated a computer from his home, according to news reports. No formal charges have been disclosed. Mahzadeh was sentenced to four years in prison on February 3, according to the Human Rights Activists News Agency, Sassan Aghaee, freelance Imprisoned: November 22, 2009 Security forces raided the home of Aghaee, a seasoned journalist who contributed to a number of newspapers, including Farhikhtegan, Etemad, Tose'eh, Mardom Salari, and Etemad e Melli. He was also author of the blog Free Tribune. Aghaee is being held at Evin Prison, according to news reports. In a letter the journalist asked to be opened in case of his arrest, Aghaee said any confessions he might make in custody should be disregarded as coerced, according to the reformist Web site Jaras. Aghaee was charged with "actions against national security," "propagating against the regime," "disruption of public order," and "propagating falsehoods," his attorney told Norooz News. The attorney said requests for bail have been ignored and that Aghaee has been held under "temporary detention orders,” the terms of which have been violated. Kouhyar Goudarzi, Committee of Human Rights Reporters Imprisoned: December 20, 2009 Goudarzi, a veteran journalist for the human rights committee, has been charged with moharebeh, or heresy, a capital crime, according to local news reports and the BBC Persian service. Held at Evin Prison, he has also been charged with propagating against the regime and participating in illegal congregations. Visitors to the prison said Goudarzi's head was bandaged, although it was not clear how he sustained his injuries, according to the reformist online publication Rooz Online. The human rights committee said judicial authorities have sought to link the organization to external political parties. Kouhyar Goudarzi's mother told Hammihan News on February 25 that she was allowed to visit for only seven minutes after waiting for hours. Goudarzi told his mother that he is resisting pressure to confess to charges of heresy. Goudarzi’s mother was informed on March 19 that his temporary detention orders have been extended for two more months, according to the Committee of Human Rights Reporters. According to the same report, Goudarzi is under pressure to reveal passwords to his personal e-mail and to the Committee of Human Rights Reporters’ Web site. Shiva Nazar Ahari, Committee of Human Rights Reporters Nazar Ahari was detained with Saeed Haeri while on a bus from Tehran to Qom to attend the funeral of influential cleric Ayatollah Hossein-Ali Montazeri. She had been jailed for four months in the immediate aftermath of the disputed June presidential election and was free on bail when she was rearrested in December. The reformist Web site Kalame said Nazar Ahari was in solitary confinement at Evin Prison's Ward 209, where political prisoners are held. In a meeting with the journalist's family members, a prosecutor claimed that the human rights committee was affiliated with an armed opposition group, Kalame reported. She has been charged with illegal congregation, according to the committee's Web site. Mohammad Nourizad, freelance The BBC Persian service reported that Nourizad, a blogger and documentary filmmaker, was arrested after he wrote an open letter to Supreme Leader Ali Khamenei urging him to apologize for the government's post-election conduct, and an article criticizing the head of Iran's judiciary. The government-run Mehr News said Nourizad is charged with "insulting authorities" and "propagating against the regime." On January 5, security officers raided Nourizad's home, seizing his computer and documents, according to the pro-opposition news Web site Jonbesh-e Rah-e Sabz. Held at Evin Prison, Nourizad has waged a hunger strike, according to the Human Rights Activists News Agency. Jonbesh-e-Rah-e-Sabz reported that Nourizad's wife was denied visitation rights. Nourizad had once written for Kayhan, a newspaper closely associated with conservative elements in the government, but he distanced himself from the publication after the disputed June presidential election. Kayhan has repeatedly attacked Nourizad and his writing since that time, according to CPJ research. Emadeddin Baghi, freelance Baghi, the prominent Iranian author, journalist, and human rights activist, was arrested after being summoned to the security division of the Revolutionary Court, according to the reformist Ayandeh News Web site. When Ayatollah Hossein-Ali Montazeri died in December, the BBC Persian service aired a two-year old interview that Baghi had conducted with the influential cleric. Baghi was arrested soon after the rebroadcast. The government had sought to clamp down on publicity about Montazeri, who had criticized the conduct of the June presidential election. The warrant for Baghi's arrest said he was being detained to "prevent abuse of Ayatollah Montazeri's death." Baghi’s family has expressed concern about his health. Relatives posted bail for a temporary furlough in March for the Iranian New Year, but authorities did not agree to his release, according to Advar News Web site, which quoted his wife. The report said that after serving 50 days in solitary confinement, Baghi was moved to a cell with two or three other prisoners. He has been allowed to see his children only once, and his access to telephone calls has been irregular. Baghi has been arrested numerous times in the past. In 2000, he was sentenced to five and a half years in prison on charges of "questioning Islamic law," "threatening national security," and "spreading unsubstantiated news" in articles detailing the roles of intelligence agents in a series of politically motivated murders. He served three years in prison before being released. He was arrested again in 2007 and served several months for "acting against national security," according to local and international news reports. Alireza Beheshti Shirazi, Kalameh Sabz Shirazi, editor-in-chief of the now-defunct reformist daily Kalameh Sabz, was taken from his home and brought to an unknown location, according to international news reports. Shirazi had been arrested and released in the aftermath of the disputed June presidential election. At the time, he had given interviews to foreign-language news media about the post-election turmoil. In a February 28 interview with Kalame, Beheshti's family members expressed concern about a lack of information in the case. They have not been allowed to see him and he has only been allowed to call them once. His son told Kalame that he does not know what charges Beheshti faces. The journalist remains in solitary confinement, the son said. Badressadat Mofidi, Iranian Journalists Association Mofidi writes articles and conducts interviews with national and international media outlets as secretary of the Iranian Journalists Association, according to local news reports. She had discussed the government's press policies in a December 22 interview with the Persian service of the German public broadcaster Deutsche Welle. No formal charges have been disclosed against her. According to Rooz Online, Mofidi's family is concerned about her health; it is not clear whether she has access to her medications for a blood disease. She is currently in Evin Prison's "methadone ward," which is said to have substandard hygiene standards. Omid Montazeri, freelance Montazeri faces charges related to his participation in Ashura Day protests on December 28, 2009, along with his published articles and interviews with foreign news outlets, his aunt told the reformist news site Farhang-e Goft-o Goo. The site said Montazeri has denied all charges. Montazeri is being tried along with 15 other people, some of whom face charges as serious as the capital crime of moharebeh, or heresy. Defense attorneys have been obstructed in their efforts to confer with Montazeri and review his file, the journalist's sister told the U.S. government-funded Radio Farda. Government media have published Montazeri's "confessions," which his sister said appear to be coerced. She said she is deeply concerned about the physical and psychological conditions in which her brother is being held. Montazeri was arrested a day after his mother, peace activist Mahin Fahimi was taken into custody, according to Jonbesh-e-Rah-e-Sabz Web site. Montazeri's father was executed for his political activities in 1988. Montazeri was sentenced to six years in prison on February 27, according to the Committee of Human Rights Reporters. Mostafa Dehghan, freelance Imprisoned: January 8, 2010 Dehghan wrote about social issues for several newspapers and the women's rights Web site Change for Equality, according to Jonbesh-e Rah-e Sabz. He is in Evin Prison's Ward 209, where political prisoners are held. The Web site Jmin News said Dehghan called his family in mid-January but said he did not know why he had been detained. Ali Mohammad Eslampour, Navaye Vaght Imprisoned: February 2, 2010 Eslampour, a newspaper editor in Kermanshah Province who also writes a blog, was arrested on February 2, according to the reformist news Web site Hammihan. He was summoned to the Revolutionary Courts of Kermanshah on charges of “propagating falsehoods with the goal of creating public anxiety,” and “using abusive language through writing in blogs.” Navaye Vaght was supportive of Mir Hossein Mousavi during his elections campaign. Zeinab Kazemkhah, Iranian Student News Agency Kazemkhah, a reporter with the state-owned Iranian Student News Agency, was arrested by Ministry of Information officers at 3 a.m. on February 7 at her home and transferred to an unknown location, according to The Feminist School, a Web site dedicated to Iranian women’s movement issues and news. The officers showed her a warrant for her arrest in which her charge was stated as “participating in congregations,” the Nedaye Sabz-e Azadi Web site reported. Hamid Mafi, freelance Mafi was arrested in the city of Qazvin, according to Rooz Online, but his whereabouts and legal status are unknown. Mafi, who is a political writer, wrote for local publications in Qazvin, including Hadis weekly, as well as in national publications such as Shargh newspaper, and reformist papers such as Etemad, Etemad e Melli, and Kargozaran, according to the Committee of Human Rights Reporters. Mafi had previously been the political editor of Farhang-e Ashti newspaper in Tehran. Ali Malihi, Etemad, Irandokht, Shahrvand-e Emruz, and Mehrnameh Malihi, a journalist for several publications and a council member of the Iranian Students Association (Advar-e Tahkim-e Vahdat), was arrested and transferred to an unknown location on February 9, according to a report by the Committee of Human Rights Reporters. The Web site Advar News reported that Malihi is in solitary confinement in Ward 240 of Evin Prison. He was allowed to make one telephone call to his family. No charges have been disclosed. On February 27, Jonbesh-e Rah-e Sabz, among other publications, published a petition signed by 250 civil society activists demanding his release, stating that he is a journalist who is not involved in politics. Hengameh Shahidi, Etemad e Melli Shahidi faces charges of “propagating against the regime, mutiny, illegal congregation, membership in an organization that has acted against national security, and insulting the president,” according to the International Campaign for Human Rights in Iran’s Web site. Shahidi was previously arrested on June 30, 2009, and released on bail of 90 million toomans (US$90,000) on October 31, 2009. In November, a court sentenced her to six years and three months in prison. She was released pending an appeal. On February 24, 2010, Branch 54 of the Revolutionary Courts affirmed her sentence, dropping only the charge of “insulting the president.” Shahidi was taken into custody the following day, according to the Committee of Human Rights Reporters. Shahidi worked for Mehdi Karroubi’s presidential campaign and has written about Iranian and international politics, human rights, and specifically women’s rights. She is known as a reformist journalist and has written many articles in support of campaigns to halt the practice of stoning. Abolfazl Abedini Nasr, Bahar Ahvaz Weekly Imprisoned, March 3, 2010 Abedini, who frequently writes about labor rights and labor disputes, was arrested in Ahvaz on March 3, according to local news sources. He was transferred to Tehran on March 6, according to the Reporters and Human Rights Activists News Agency. He has not had any contact with his family during his detention and has been quoted as saying that he will go on an open-ended hunger strike. After the presidential elections, Abedini was arrested on June 29 and released on bail on October 26, according to the Reporters and Human Rights Activists News Agency. Abedini’s mother issued an open letter to the head of the Iranian judiciary, Sadegh Larijani, on May 29, demanding justice for her son. Abedini has been under interrogation in solitary confinement in the custody of the Revolutionary Guard at Evin Prison without access to his lawyer and in poor physical and psychological health, according to his mother’s letter, which was published on several news Web sites. Mojtaba Gahestooni, freelance Imprisoned: March 5, 2010 Gahestooni, the author of a blog about the care and upkeep of historical sites in Ahvaz province, was arrested by security forces at his home, according to the Web site of Reporters and Human Rights Activists News Agency. Considered an authority on the topic, he has been critical of Iran’s management of national heritage sites, the Web site reported. No formal charges have been disclosed. Sousan Mohammadkhani Ghiasvand, freelance Imprisoned: March 11, 2010 Ghiasvand, a blogger, is being held at Rajaee Shahr Prison, according to the Committee of Human Rights Reporters. Ghiasvand has written about women’s rights in Kurdistan, her home province, for Kurdish Web sites such as Kurdane. No formal charges have been disclosed. FURLOUGHED ON APRIL 1 BUT DUE BACK IN PRISON Saeed Laylaz, Sarmayeh Laylaz, editor of the daily business journal Sarmayeh and a vocal critic of President Mahmoud Ahmadinejad's economic policies, was arrested at home on June 17, his wife, Sepharnaz Panahi, told the BBC Persian service. She said that officers searched their home and confiscated videotapes, hard drives, and letters. He spent 100 days in solitary confinement at Tehran’s Evin Prison before being moved to a group cell, where he was denied newspapers, pen, and paper, his wife told the Committee of Human Rights Reporters. Laylaz was charged with "congregation and mutiny against national security, propagating against the regime, disrupting public order, and keeping classified documents," according to Mowjcamp, a news Web site supportive of the defeated presidential candidate Mir-Hossein Mousavi. After a two-hour trial in November, he was sentenced to nine years in prison, according to the Human Rights Activists News Agency and online accounts. His wife told the news Web site Kalameh that the "classified document" that was a centerpiece of the prosecution was actually a published and widely available investigation into the Iranian judiciary. An appeals hearing on March 15 reduced Laylaz's sentence to six years. Laylaz was furloughed for the Iranian New Year after posting 500 million toomans (US$500,000) bail, according to Jonbesh-e Rah-e Sabz Web site. Laylaz was due back in prison on April 4. Bahman Ahmadi Amouee, freelance Amouee, a contributor to reformist newspapers such as Mihan, Hamshahri, Jame'e, Khordad, Norooz, and Sharq, and the author of an eponymous blog, was arrested with his wife, Zhila Bani-Yaghoub, according to news reports. Bani-Yaghoub, editor-in-chief of the Iranian ‎Women's Club, a news Web site focusing on women's rights, was released on bail on August 19, according to the ‎BBC Persian service. Amouee was being held in Tehran's Evin Prison, part of the time in solitary confinement, according to news reports. Amouee's wife said the journalist was denied access to his family and lawyer for several weeks, according to Mowjcamp, a news Web site ‎supportive of the reformist candidate Mir-Hossein Mousavi. On January 5, Amouee was sentenced to 34 lashes, along with seven years and four months in prison. Amouee's wife, journalist Zhila Bani-Yaghoub, told Rooz Online on February 21 that he has been sharing a 115-square-foot (35-square-meter) cell with 40 other prisoners. An appeals court reduced Amouee’s sentence to five years in prison on March 7, according to Rooz Online. He was furloughed for the Iranian New Year after posting bail of 500 million toomans (US$500,000), according to Kalame. Amouee was due back in prison on April 4. Reza Nourbakhsh, Farhikhtegan Imprisoned: August 4, 2009‎ Authorities took Nourbakhsh, editor-in-chief of the reformist newspaper Farhikhtegan, into custody after searching his home, according to news reports. Nourbakhsh also contributed to Jomhoriyat, a news Web site supportive of the defeated presidential candidate Mir-Hossein Mousavi. Nourbakhsh was among more than 100 opposition figures and journalists who faced a mass, televised judicial proceeding in August on vague antistate accusations, according to news reports. He was sentenced to six years in prison on November 3, although the exact charges against him were not disclosed. Nourbakhsh was furloughed for the Iranian New Year on unspecified bail, according to the Reporters and Human Rights Activists News Agency. Nourbakhsh was due back in prison on April 4. Saeed Jalalifar, Committee of Human Rights Reporters Saeed Kalanaki, Committee of Human Rights Reporters Imprisoned: December 2, 2009 Jalalifar and Kalanaki, who reported on child labor and political prisoner issues, were arrested after being summoned by the Ministry of Information, the reformist news Web site Kalame reported. Jalalifar, Kalanaki, and several other members of Committee of Human Rights Reporters have been under pressure in prison to confess to ties with the Mojahedeen-e Khalgh organization, an armed opposition group outside Iran, according to the Jonbesh-e Rah-e Sabz. Members of the committee have been prevented from seeing their attorneys, a right guaranteed under the Iranian Constitution. Two of the other arrested members of the committee, Kouhyar Goudarzi and Mehrdad Rahimi, have been charged with heresy, or moharebeh—a capital crime. Jalalifar and Kalanaki were the first of several committee journalists to be arrested for their work in exposing alleged human rights violations and government malfeasance. Jalalifar was unable to contact his family during the first 40 days of his confinement, according to the committee's Web site. The two were furloughed for the Iranian New Year after posting bail of 100 million toomans (US$100,000) apiece, according to the Human Rights Activists News Agency Web site and the news Web site Kalame. Saeed Haeri, Committee of Human Rights Reporters Haeri was detained with colleague Shiva Nazar Ahari while on a bus from Tehran to Qom to attend the funeral of influential cleric Ayatollah Hossein-Ali Montazeri. Haeri's family was unable to visit the journalist until January 24, according to the Amir Kabir Bulletin, an online student news site critical of the Iranian government. No formal charges have been disclosed against Haeri. He furloughed for the Iranian New Year after posting bail of 100 million toomans (US$100,000), according to Kalame. Arvin Sedaghat Kish, Farhang va Ahang Sedaghat Kish, a writer for the culture and arts magazine Farhang va Ahang, was the first of three journalists for the monthly publication to be arrested, according to CPJ research. Kish, who is also a musician, wrote for other magazines and Web sites, including Harmony Talk, according to the BBC Persian service. No formal charges have been disclosed. Sedaghat Kish was furloughed for the Iranian New Year on unspecified bail, according to the news Web site Mizan Khabar. Morteza Kazemian, Jonbesh-e Rah-Sabz Kazemian has written regularly for the opposition news Web site Jonbesh-e Rah-e Sabz since its inception this year, the news Web site reported. Fahimeh Mellati, He was arrested once before, in 2002, in connection with his work for two newspapers that were facing government shutdown at the time. After serving 60 days in solitary confinement, Kazemian was furloughed for the Iranian New Year on unspecified bail, according to Radio Zamaneh. Kayvan Mehregan, Etemad Mehregan is the editor of the political section of the reformist daily Etemad. Authorities arrested him at his office, according to local news reports. Mehregan's brother told reporters on February 27 that Kayvan was granted a bail order for 100 million toomans (US$100,000) and that the family is trying to raise the large sum for his release, according to the Mizan News Web site. His charges were announced as membership in the self-described "national religious" opposition Nehzat-e Azadi Party, but conservative newspapers and Web sites later accused him of being affiliated with separatist organizations, according to the same Mizan News report. Mehregan was furloughed for the Iranian New Year after posting bail of $100,000, according to the Committee of Human Rights Reporters. Mehrdad Rahimi, Committee of Human Rights Reporters Mehrdad Rahimi and Parisa Kakaee, journalists for the Committee of Human Rights Reporters, were arrested after being summoned by the Ministry of Information, the reformist news Web site Kalame reported. Several other committee journalists have been arrested for their work in exposing alleged human rights violations and government malfeasance. Kakaee was released in late February. Rahimi told his family that interrogators said he would be charged with the capital crime, moharebeh, or heresy, Kalame said. The charge was formally announced in late January, according to the BBC Persian service. In a February 21, article, the Committee of Human Rights Reporters reported that in a meeting with his family, Rahimi told them he has been under pressure to make a televised confession, but he has maintained that he is innocent and has called his arrest illegal. Rahimi was was furloughed for the Iranian New Year on bail of 100 million toomans (US$100,000), according to Kalame. Mehraneh Atashi, freelance Atashi, a freelance photographer, and her husband were arrested at their home, according to the U.S. government-funded Radio Farda and other news sources. Agents seized some of the couple's personal items, including their computer, news reports said. Atashi, 30, has worked for several domestic publications, such as Soroush Javan and Hamshahri Javan, according to Kalame Web site, and her work has been exhibited in the United States and Europe. Information on her husband or either of their charges was not immediately available. Atashi was furloughed for the Iranian New Year on unspecified bail, according to the Feminist School Web site. Lili Farhadpour, freelance Farhadpour, a veteran journalist who has written about cultural and social issues for reformist newspapers, was arrested by security forces at her home. She is also the mother of Behrang Tonekaboni, editor-in-chief of Fahang va Ahang, who was arrested on January 6. Behrang Tonekaboni was released on February 28. No formal charges have been disclosed against Farhadpour. She was furloughed for the Iranian New Year after posting bail of $90,000, according to Jonbesh-e Rah-e Sabz Web site. Nooshin Jafari, Etemad One of the youngest imprisoned journalists at 22, Jafari is a reporter with Etemad’s arts and culture section. According to the Web site of the Committee of Human Rights Reporters, she was arrested shortly after midnight at her home. Security officers searched the premises and confiscated personal items including her computer. Jafari is a founding member of the Committee of Human Rights Reporters, although she has not been involved with the organization’s Web site since she started writing for Etemad. No formal charges have been disclosed. Jafari was furloughed for the Iranian New Year under a custodial arrangement, according to the Committee of Human Rights Reporters. Naeemeh Doostdar, Jam-e-Jam Doostdar is a journalist, writer, and poet who wrote for the arts and culture section of the conservative pro-government daily Jam-e-Jam. Prior to working for Jam-e-Jam, she worked with Farhang (Culture) Radio and for magazines in the Hamshahri publishing group, which is owned by the city of Tehran. Doostdar was transferred to Evin Prison after her arrest, according to Rooz Online. The Web site of Reporters and Human Rights Activists, an organization that covers human rights abuses inside Iran, reported that no formal charges against Doostdar have been disclosed. Doostdar was furloughed for the Iranian New Year on unspecified bail. Akbar Montajebi, Etemad Montajebi is an experienced journalist working most recently for the opposition daily Etemad. He has also written for numerous reformist and opposition publications, including Sobh-e Emruz and Shargh. Montajebi was arrested at 2 a.m. at his home, according to the reformist Web site Nedaye Sabz Azadi. In an interview with Rooz Online, his wife expressed concern about Montajebi’s prolonged detention. The journalist’s wife has multiple sclerosis, and she said her condition has worsened since her husband’s arrest. Montajebi was furloughed for the Iranian New Year on unspecified bail. Somayeh Momeni, Nasim-e Bidari Momeni, a journalist with Nasim-e Bidari magazine and a women’s rights activist was arrested by security officers at 3 a.m. at her home, according to the Human Rights Activists News Agency. Momeni had previously worked as a reporter for the ISNA News Agency, reported Nedaye Sabz e Azadi, a pro-opposition news Web site. No formal charges have been disclosed. Momeni was furloughed for the Iranian New Year on unspecified bail. Ehsan Mehrabi, reporter, Farhikhtegan Mehrabi, a parliamentary affairs reporter for the reformist newspaper Farhikhtegan newspaper, was arrested at his home on February 7, according to the Nedaye Sabz-e Azadi Web site. No formal charges have been disclosed. Mehrabi was furloughed for the Iranian New Year on unspecified bail. Vahid Pourostad, freelance Pourostad, a well-known Iranian journalist who has published several books, was arrested at home on a warrant issued by the Tehran prosecutor's office, according to the International Campaign for Human Rights in Iran. His home was later searched and his laptop computer and handwritten notes were confiscated. Arresting officers did not give his family reasons for his arrest. According to the International Campaign for Human Rights in Iran, Poorostad called his home at the end of February and said he is in Ward 240 of Evin Prison. Pourostad served on the editorial boards of Mosharekat, Yas-e No, and Vaghaye Ettefaghieh newspapers and wrote for reformist newspapers Etemad e Melli, Mosharekat, Salam, and Farhikhtegan, according to another news item by the human rights group. Pourostad is the author and producer of a book series related to legal documents pertaining to the Iranian press. He was furloughed for the Iranian New Year under a custodial arrangement, according to the BBC. Short URL: https://cpj.org/x/38af Iran sentences journalist to five years over corruption report January 25, 2019 3:05 PM ET Washington D.C., January 25, 2019--The Committee to Protect Journalists today condemned the five-year jail sentence imposed on January 23 by Tehran's Revolutionary Court on journalist Yashar Soltani, who reported on corruption in Tehran land deals, and called on Iran to stop persecuting journalists for doing their job.... CPJ concerned about US detention of Iranian TV journalist New York, January 17, 2019--The Committee to Protect Journalists today expressed concern about the detention of Marzieh Hashemi, a TV anchor and documentary filmmaker for the English-language service of Iranian state broadcaster Press TV, and called on the U.S. Department of Justice to disclose the reason for her arrest.... Iran jails journalist for six years over critical writing Washington D.C., January 14, 2019--The Committee to Protect Journalists today condemned the harsh sentence imposed on journalist Hamed Aynehvand and called on Iran to stop persecuting the media for doing their job.... Iran orders at least 7 journalists jailed and flogged over Dervish protest coverage New York, August 31, 2018--The Committee to Protect Journalists today condemned the harsh sentences Iranian authorities imposed on at least seven journalists over their coverage of protests by a religious order.... Iran arrests two journalists covering crackdown on religious protests March 1, 2018 9:35 AM ET New York, March 1, 2018--Iranian security forces on February 19 arrested Reza Entessari and Kasra Nouri, reporters with the Sufi news website Majzooban-e-Noor, while they were covering the violent dispersal of religious protests in Tehran, according to their employer and the New York-based Center for Human Rights in Iran...	cc/2019-30/en_head_0039.json.gz/line683
__label__wiki	0.694628	0.694628	Ms. Susan N. Herman President of the American Civil Liberties Union and Centennial Professor of Law at Brooklyn Law School Susan N. Herman was elected President of the American Civil Liberties Union in October 2008, after having served as a member of the ACLU Board of Directors and Executive Committee, and as General Counsel. She holds a chair as Centennial Professor of Law at Brooklyn Law School, where she currently teaches courses in Criminal Procedure and Constitutional Law, and seminars on Law and Literature, and Terrorism and Civil Liberties. She writes extensively on constitutional, criminal procedure, and national security topics for scholarly and other publications, ranging from law reviews and books to periodicals and on-line publications. Her most recent book, Taking Liberties: The War on Terror and the Erosion of American Democracy (Oxford University Press 2011), winner of the 2012 IIT Chicago-Kent College of Law/Roy C. Palmer Civil Liberties Prize, was published in an updated paperback edition in March 2014. Herman has discussed constitutional law issues on radio, including a variety of NPR shows, and on television, including programs on PBS, CSPAN, NBC, MSNBC, and a series of appearances on the Today in New York show. In addition, she has been a frequent speaker at academic conferences and continuing legal education events organized by groups such as the Federal Judicial Center and the American Bar Association, lecturing and conducting workshops for various groups of judges and lawyers, and at non-legal events, including speeches at the U.S. Army War College and many schools and universities. She has also participated in Supreme Court litigation, writing and collaborating on amicus curiae briefs for the ACLU on a range of constitutional criminal procedure issues, including Riley v. California, the recent case establishing that cell phones may not be searched without a search warrant. Herman received a B.A. from Barnard College as a philosophy major, and a J.D. from New York University School of Law, where she was a Note and Comment Editor on the N.Y.U. Law Review. Before entering teaching, Professor Herman was Pro Se Law Clerk for the United States Court of Appeals for the Second Circuit, and Staff Attorney and then Associate Director of Prisoners' Legal Services of New York. In her spare time, she sings choral repertory with the Riverside Choral Society.	cc/2019-30/en_head_0039.json.gz/line685
__label__wiki	0.550878	0.550878	Navigations Through Race in America Join the African & African American Faculty and Staff at ASU for a book talk with author Donald R. Guillory II. Guillory's book, “The Token Black Guide: Navigations Through Race in America,” examines experiences and perspectives on race many are not exposed to, are uncomfortable with, or simply uncertain how to challenge. "The Token Black Guide" is a blunt, informative and sometimes humorous account of what it means to be confronted with prejudice and ignorance. Free \| Open to the Public \| RSVP by email to kenja.hassan@asu.edu Donald R. Guillory II, author of "The Token Black Guide," is an instructor of history with the College of Integrative Sciences and Arts at Arizona State University (ASU). He teaches courses in U.S. history, film as a means of recording and teaching history, Latin America and social history. Prior to ASU, he served as a military intelligence officer in the U.S. Army and taught social studies at the secondary level. Guillory earned a bachelor of arts in international studies and history, and a master of arts in history from Georgia Southern University. He is also an ASU alum where he earned a master of education and a master of liberal studies focusing on the role film and television play in shaping perspectives about culture and gender. He has performed research internationally on the slave trade and is currently investigating the meaning of “American Identity” with the goal of defining what “American” means. Guillory's " Token Black Guide" discusses experiences and perspectives (historical and personal) on race in America. ASU Polytechnic campus Student Union, Cooley Ballroom 5999 S Backus Mall Mesa, AZ 85212 ASU's Polytechnic campus is located off of Williams Field Rd., south of the Loop 202 E (Santan Freeway). The Student Union is in the center of campus. For driving directions to the Polytechnic campus, click on the map button below and then select "Directions." You may also contact our office for assistance. The closest parking to the Student Union is the ASU Visitor Lot 10, directly behind the building. Review the parking map, https://www.asu.edu/parking/maps/poly-current.pdf, for all parking options. Visitors lots are marked in pink and the fee is $2/hour. Wednesday, September 6, 2017 - 4:00pm to 6:00pm 5999 S. Backus Mall, Mesa Co-sponsors:	cc/2019-30/en_head_0039.json.gz/line686
__label__cc	0.585956	0.414044	New Cerebrum Article Looks at Biomarkers for Depression August 20, 2015 By Dana Foundation in Dana Alliance for Brain Initiatives, Journals - Cerebrum Tags: American College of Psychiatrists, Cerebrum, Charles B. Nemeroff, DABI, Dana Alliance for Brain Initiatives, depression, Emory University, Eric Kandel, Helen Mayberg, New York Times, School of Medicine, The Holy Grail of Psychiatry, University of Miami, WHO, World Health Organization Leave a comment Photo credit: Shutterstock In deciding on article topics for Cerebrum, the Dana Foundation’s online journal, an advisory board generally considers recent studies of merit, replication, and the potential of the research to have an impact on treatment. Few topics seem to have more potential for impacting society than understanding the biology of depression, an elusive area of neuroscience that is the subject of “The Holy Grail of Psychiatry” in this month’s Cerebrum. According to the World Health Organization (WHO), 350 million people worldwide suffer from depression, a leading cause of disability. In the United States, 16 million adults, or 6.9 percent of the population, had at least one major depressive episode in 2012. Charles B. Nemeroff, M.D., Ph.D., the Leonard M. Miller Professor at the University of Miami School of Medicine and a former president of American College of Psychiatrists, examines the impact of a 2013 groundbreaking study (led by Dana Alliance member and grantee Helen Mayberg at Emory University) that used brain-scanning techniques to identify several components of a complex neural circuit that becomes disordered in depressive illnesses. Writing on this topic in the New York Times, Eric Kandel, a professor, Nobel Prize winner, and Dana Alliance member, claimed that it is often argued that psychiatry is a “semi-science” whose practitioners cannot base their treatment of mental disorders on the same empirical evidence as physicians who treat disorders of the body can. “The problem for many people is that we cannot point to the underlying biological bases of most psychiatric disorders,” he says. “In fact, we are nowhere near understanding them as well as we understand disorders of the liver or the heart. But that is starting to change.” Both Kandel and Nemeroff believe that if Mayberg’s work could be advanced and replicated, psychiatrists could not only know whether a patient is better served by therapy or medication, but what type of medication to prescribe. The expanding area of genetics and pharmacogenetics in particular, adds Nemeroff, is also of vital importance. “This is part of the ongoing and exciting scientific process that is emblematic of the marriage of neuroscience and psychiatry,” writes Nemeroff. “Ultimately, I believe this work will be judged as crucial in eventually attaining the goal all of us seek: a valid predictor of individual treatment response in depression, still the Holy Grail in psychiatry research.” – Bill Glovin « BrainWeb: Everything You Need to Know Tackling the Issue of CTE in Sports »	cc/2019-30/en_head_0039.json.gz/line687
__label__wiki	0.517105	0.517105	Three Snapshots of Dijkstra's Career “I still remember it well, the day my future husband entered my life”, Ria Debets-Dijkstra recalls. “He was a good-looking man, 20 years of age. He entered our Computing Department with a cane!” [1]. The Computing Department was part of the newly founded Mathematical Centre in Amsterdam. Ria Debets-Dijkstra had already been working there for two years before she saw Edsger Dijkstra on that eventful day in 1951. Dijkstra officially joined the Computing Department in March of the following year. Until 1956, he would work two days a week in Amsterdam and spend the rest of his time studying theoretical physics in Leiden. During the first ten years of his career, Dijkstra worked as a programmer in Van Wijngaarden's team at the Mathematical Centre in Amsterdam. In 1962 he was appointed professor at the Technische Hogeschool of Eindhoven. And only ten years later, he already received computing's most prestigious prize, the Turing Award. By 1982, he had changed his focus from programming methodology to mathematical methodology and would continue to work on the latter for the next 20 years of his life. He died in August 2002. In this post I compare and contrast three snapshots of Dijkstra's career, snapshots taken in the years 1960, 1976, and 1982. 1960 — In search for a general language As he demonstrated in his 1952 inaugural lecture, Van Wijngaarden was very keen on connecting natural languages with programming languages when Dijkstra joined the Mathematical Centre. With hindsight, it is no surprise to see ideas similar to Van Wijngaarden's expressed in some of Dijkstra's early writings (see e.g. MR 34: `On the Design of Machine Independent Programming Languages'). Around 1960, Dijkstra and Van Wijngaarden viewed ALGOL60 as a programming language containing unneeded restrictions. They wanted to discard those restrictions and devise a general language instead. Van Wijngaarden's persistence in this regard eventually led to the definition of ALGOL68. An example of an unneeded restriction — that fortunately was not part of ALGOL60 thanks to Van Wijngaarden's and Dijkstra's prior efforts — was a procedure that can call another procedure but not itself. By discarding that restriction, one obtains a more general and hence simpler language; i.e. a language that can handle recursive procedures. For further details, see my two previous posts: `An analogy between mathematics and programming' and `Dijkstra's Unification versus the Case Distinctions of Irons & Feurzeig'. 1976 — In search for intellectual manageability Like so many others, Dijkstra was a computer programmer who had no training in mathematical logic. Only in the early 1970s did Dijkstra become a supporter of Hoare's logical approach to programming language semantics. [2, p.346]. According to Dijkstra, it was Hoare who showed the computing community that intellectual manageability of programs critically depends on the specific choice of linguistic constructions. On the one hand, the programming language should offer combinatorial freedom. On the other hand, if too much freedom is provided, then the language may be intellectually unmanageable (and, as a possible result, difficult to implement). For example, a language containing procedure calls, and hence also recursive procedure calls, is intellectually unmanageable. So Dijkstra's support for Van Wijngaarden's linguistic ideals faded. Dijkstra learned from Hoare that a computing scientist should, on the one hand, try to generalize the task he has to solve but, on the other hand, avoid introducing generalizations that are intellectually difficult to manage in the first place. [3, p.10-11] Too much combinatorial freedom can be detrimental. [Dijkstra] advocated many restrictions on programming language constructs, but always with the problems of program correctness in mind, of showing the correctness of a program. In 1976, in A Discipline of Programming, he even dropped the recursive procedure altogether [...] This comment is from an anonymous reviewer for Chapter 3 in my book The Dawn of Software Engineering: from Turing to Dijkstra. The comment characterizes Dijkstra's thinking of the 1970s and stands in sharp contrast to the way Dijkstra thought about programming, and recursion in particular, during the early 1960s. What Dijkstra considered to be simple (and elegant) in 1960 was not necessarily simple in 1976. 1982 — A program text represents a predicate During the 1980s, calculational reasoning became Dijkstra's main occupation. Instead of viewing a program text as an operational description of an abstract machine as he had done during the 1960s, Dijkstra viewed a program text as a formula in a formal system. The formula represents a predicate. In his words: Each program text [... represents ...] a predicate on the Cartesian product of the so-called initial state space and the final state space. [4, p.1] Furthermore, the activity of formally deriving a program from its specification is a constructive form of predicate calculus — constructive because the predicate has to allow for the interpretation of automatically executable code. Mathematical logic entered the arena of computing science in various guises but primarily by researchers who were not mathematical logicians (— a central theme in my book The Dawn of Software Engineering). It is precisely this historical interplay between ideas from mathematical logic and their counterparts in computing science which, I believe, can serve well in grasping the basics of our field. [1] Paraphrased words from an interview with Ria Debets-Dijkstra in December 2011. [2] E.W. Dijkstra. “EWD 1308: What led to Notes on Structured Programming”. In: Software pioneers: contributions to software engineering. Ed. by M. Broy and E. Denert. Springer, 2002, pp. 341–346. [3] E.W. Dijkstra. "EWD 325: Poging tot plaatsbepaling van de informatica", pp. 0-14. [4] E.W. Dijkstra. "EWD 819: Mathematical Induction and Computing Science", 4 April 1982, pp. 0-7. Recursion not elegant? Submitted by Srinivas Nayak (not verified) on Sat, 06/16/2012 - 14:01 Dear Edgar, I couldn't stop myself writing on this. It was a eye opener for me to know such a thing. I had gone through Dijkstra's papers on recursion and discipline of programming, but never thought of anything such. Anyway, your posts gives true insight into Dijkstra's thinking.	cc/2019-30/en_head_0039.json.gz/line697
__label__wiki	0.830461	0.830461	Maritime Directory Maritime Vessels Directory jo tankers as(x) • 20033 - 24846(x) • tanker for chemicals & oil products(x) • (1-6 of 6) clear Tanker for Chemicals & Oil Products (6) Bae Systems Marine Ltd. (2) Jo Tankers AS (6) Skibsaksjeselskapet Hassel (4) Westcon Yard Florø AS (4) Zippora Pte Ltd (2) Tanker for Chemicals & Oil Products \| Flag: Norway \| Port: BERGEN Tanker for Chemicals & Oil Products \| Flag: Singapore \| Port: SINGAPORE SYPRESS IMO2020: The Rise of Bulk Liquid Hydrogen in Norway Imagine a power distribution network where excess renewable energy from hydropower, wind, solar, and nuclear energy is converted to hydrogen and used as transportation fuel in the maritime industry. With the allure of a zero emissions fuel, a number of ship owners are starting to seriously consider hydrogen for newly built vessels. As a bold first step, the country of Norway has provided a number of grants to leading maritime companies to conduct feasibility studies into various aspects of this emerging technology sector. Central to this discussion is “how” hydrogen will be transported from its source to end-users. BHP to Order LNG-Fueled Bulker International mining company BHP BHP floated a bulk carrier tender for LNG-fueled transport for up to 27 million tonnes of its iron ore.The Melbourne-based resource company said in a release that this is the world’s first bulk carrier tender for LNG-fueled iron ore vessel.The mining giant is considering LNG as a way to eliminate nitrogen oxide and sulfur oxide emissions by launching the world’s first tender for the ships.Rashpal Bhatti, Vice President, Maritime and Supply Chain Excellence said emissions resulting from the transportation and distribution of BHP’s products represent a material source of its value chain emissions (Scope 3). US Gulf Production Restarting After Barry U.S. oil companies on Monday began restoring some of the more than nearly 74% production shut at U.S. Gulf of Mexico platforms ahead of Hurricane Barry, the U.S. offshore drilling regulator said.There was 1.3 million barrels per day (bpd) of oil production off line in the U.S.-regulated areas of the Gulf of Mexico on Monday, about 80,000 barrels less than on Sunday, according to the U.S. Bureau of Safety and Environmental Enforcement (BSEE).Workers also were returning to the more than 280 production platforms that had been evacuated. It can take several days for full production to be resumed after a storm leaves the Gulf of Mexico. Setting the Course for Low Carbon Shipping In a collective call to action for the decarbonization of shipping last year, 34 signatory CEOs from the industry made clear that efforts to significantly lower the carbon footprint of shipping presented “biggest technology challenge in the past 100 years”.This statement was not an exaggeration. In fact, the transition to a low-carbon future will take more than an unprecedented commitment to the research and development that traditionally underpins technological advance. Finding complex solutions that are at once commercially viable, technically feasible Maritime Cyber Alert For some years now, the maritime sector has experienced breaches of various computer and information technology (IT) systems. Primarily, these breaches have been collateral damage. The maritime sector has almost never been the intended target. That does not mean that the damage has been minor. In June 2017, A.P. Moller-Maersk suffered a major cyber-attack. The malware had been designed by Russian hackers to disrupt the Ukrainian power sector. Once released, though, it proved to be indiscriminate, infecting IT systems worldwide that had not been kept up to date. In the case of A.P. Maritime Reporter and Engineering News (July 2019) Cruise Vessel Design & Outfit © 2019 Maritime Activity Reports, Inc • Energy Reports • Maritime News • Maritime Magazines	cc/2019-30/en_head_0039.json.gz/line698
__label__cc	0.725632	0.274368	Henri Nouwen fonds, 15 results 15 Sheila Watson fonds, 12 results 12 Henri Nouwen Collection, 10 results 10 L'Arche Daybreak fonds, 9 results 9 Patrick O'Neill fonds, 7 results 7 L'Arche Audiovisual Collection, 7 results 7 Wilfred Watson fonds, 6 results 6 Faith and Sharing Federation fonds, 6 results 6 Zola Research Programs fonds, 4 results 4 Collection théâtrale André Antoine, 4 results 4 Séguin, Madeleine, 2 results 2 Bronson, M., 1 results 1 L'Arche International, 2 results 2 O'Connor, John, 1 results 1 Feeley, James, 1 results 1 Chesterton, G. K. (Gilbert Keith), 1 results 1 University of St. Michael's College, John M. Kelly Library, Special Collections Series Faith and Sharing Bulletins CA ON00389 1-5 Part of Faith and Sharing Federation fonds The series consists of Faith and Sharing bulletins for the years 1977 to 2012. The bulletins generally contain a short letter of introduction by the Secretary and the Co-ordinator of the Faith and Sharing Federation, agendas for retreats and list... Financial Files Series consists of annual and monthly financial reports of Faith and Sharing (later the Faith and Sharing Federation), including statements of income and expenditure, and income tax reports. History and Spirit of Faith and Sharing The series consists of documents about the history and development of the Faith and Sharing Federation. This includes documents related to first retreats and the incorporation of the Faith and Sharing Federation as a registered charity. There is... Photographs series CA ON00389 74-2 Part of L'Arche Trosly-Breuil fonds Series consists of one audio compact disc dated April 19, 2008. The CD contains photos taken of L'Arche, including photos of Jean Vanier, Henri Nouwen, Barbara Swanecamp, L'Arche Trosly Breuil, Père Thomas, Pope John Paul II, core membe... Meeting minutes and reports Part of Catholic New Times Inc. fonds Series consists of agendas, minutes, reports (including budgets and other financial statements), proposals, and other materials prepared for meetings of committees and groups within the New Catholic Times. Series is divided into the following sub-... Collected material for Biography Part of Fred Flahiff fonds Series consists of material accumulated by Flahiff during the course of writing "Always Someone to Kill the Doves: A Life of Sheila Watson", published by NeWest Press, 2005.Series consists of 4 sub-series:1. Collected letters2. Collected... Legal documents and administrative records Series consists of original and copies of legal documents, forms, and other records pertaining to the incorporation of the New Catholic Times in 1976, materials documenting the structure of the corporation and its operating policies and procedures... Documents of the Secretary, North American Committee The series consists of a copy of the original list of the Faith and Sharing Federation fonds produced by Madeleine Seguin, August 15, 1994. Also includes documents relating to the deposit of records to Archives Deschalets, Ottawa, in 1993-1994 an... Séguin, Madeleine Bibliography working files 1963-2002 ; predominantly 1963-1973 Part of James Feeley fonds Series consists of research notes, index cards, correspondence and draft manuscripts of Feeley's bibliography on Marshall McLuhan. Also includes a draft paper of an article by Feeley on Plato and McLuhan. Subject files Series consists of newspaper clippings and photocopies of articles, press releases, newsletters, reports, one photograph, and other materials from organizations of interest or pertaining to issues of concern to New Catholic Times members and staff. Series consists of photographs of members and staff of the New Catholic Times, including negatives and contact prints, and a sound recording of a talk given by Monika Hellwig, LL.B., Ph.D., on Catholic Education. Photographs depict members, staff... Executrix correspondence Part of Patrick O'Neill fonds Series consists of correspondence with researchers and the Public Record office of Northern Ireland regarding Patrick O'Neill's political papers, as well as genealogical information and newspaper articles relating to Patrick O'Neill... Publishing records and business correspondence Part of Sheila Watson fonds Series consists of correspondence, legal agreements, royalty statements, permission requests and other materials related to Watson's insolvent in publishing her own works of literature, solicitations from publishers to submit work, requests t... Personal records, artwork and artifacts CA ON00389 2-11 Series consists of 21 files of address books, diplomas, medals, awards and honorary degrees; artwork and drawings by herself and others; rosaries and other items and objects belonging to Sheila Watson.File list includes:Box 612006 01 952 Baptisma... Posthumous material regarding Sheila Watson [after February 1, 1998] Series consists of material collected and accumulated by Flahiff following Watson's death. Bronson, M. Series consists of Watson's correspondence with others. It has been divided into two sub-series; namely:1. Outgoing Correspondence2. Incoming CorrespondenceCorrespondence that relates directly to Watson's writing, publishing, academic re... Research and reference materials Series consists of materials created and accumulated by Watson in the course of her research for various creative and academic activities, as well as material preserved by Watson for her own personal reference. This includes 3 sub-series:1. Readi... Personal photographs 1880 - 1998 ; 1933 - 1996 predominent Series consists of Watson's personal photograph collection, including: photographs from the late nineteenth century belonging to her parents, Mr. C.E. Doherty and Mrs. Elweena Doherty; photographs, (some of which have been scanned), of Watson... Sketches/Artwork Part of Wilfred Watson fonds Series consists of drawings created by Wilfred Watson; the series is comprised of seventeen ink, pastel, crayon, watercolour, gauche and graphite drawings. The majority of these drawings are figurative and most likely from the period when Watson ... [after 1941?] Series consists of items in the collection that are uniquely personal to Wilfred Watson, which includes ephemera, loose notes, poetry fragments, word play, jottings and citations made by Wilfred Watson on scraps of paper, cigarette packages and us... Professional activities materials Series consists of correspondence, research materials and drafts related to Watson's role as an editor, contributor and consultant to the works of other publications, cultural bodies and creative efforts, all functions resulting from her prof... Series consists of ephemeral material accumulated by Watson in the course of her activities, including six photographs of unidentified persons and subjects, divided into four sub-series:1. Ephemera and memorabilia collected in Paris2. Blank postca... Financial and legal records Series consists of legal and financial records accumulated by Watson in the course of her life, including royalties from her publishing, property deeds, last wills and testaments from family members, employment records, tax records, purchase invoi... Series consists of files relating to special projects carried out by the members and staff of the New Catholic Times, including the development of a mission statement in 1993, a readership survey, the reorganization of the corporation's struc... Other events, talks, and speakers Part of L'Arche Audiovisual Collection Series consists of 838 audio cassettes and 15 videocassettes made during events or talks other than those designated by other series. Series also includes cassettes with talks by speakers at L'Arche events which are unidentified. These casset... Federation meetings Series consists of 40 audio cassettes made during Federation meetings of L'Arche International. The communities of l’Arche belong to the International Federation of l’Arche. This is the umbrella for all l’Arche communities around the world. T... Administrative resources files Part of Henri Nouwen fonds Series consists of administrative resources files which were maintained for Nouwen by Nouwen's administrative staffs from 1983 to 1997. These files contain materials collected by Nouwen in order to assist him with his roles as pastor, writer,... Manuscripts and drafts Series consists of Watson's written material, including early drafts, manuscripts, typescripts, page proofs, metatext and relevant correspondence with editors, including the following sub-series:1. Novels2. Short stories3. Poetry4. Non-fiction Covenant Retreats Series consists of 248 audio cassettes made during Covenant Retreats. L’Arche recognized that the word “Covenant” is close to describing the spirituality of the organization; that God wanted to ‘make a covenant’, a bond and commitment to the peopl... December 1980 - December 1997, predominant August 1986 - September 1996 Series consists of Nouwen's financial files dating from 1980 and 1997, predominantly from 1986 -1997. Prior to 1986 Nouwen's personal accountant kept the majority of Nouwen's records and likely discarded them after the mandatory sev... Series consists of audio cassettes of Nouwen giving lectures at universities, speaking at churches, conferences and other engagements, parts of and complete books on tape and recordings from radio shows and interviews. Some of the material was pro... Publisher files Series consists of correspondence and other material related to the business of publishing. The files provide the researcher with detailed and comprehensive information about the genesis and publication of most of Nouwen's books, as well as b... General files Series consists of more than 16 000 letters received by Henri Nouwen between 1964 and 1997. Some files include photographs and other printed material sent to Nouwen as enclosures. In some instances, a copy of Nouwen's typed letter of reply ... Series consists of draft manuscripts and typescripts of more than 150 books and articles, forewords and introductions, sermons, and talks by Henri Nouwen. The date range of the materials is from 1956 to 1996. The series contains drafts of 49 of hi... Ephemera and artifacts [1957 - 1996], predominant 1980 - 1996 Series consists of ephemera and artifacts collected by or given to Nouwen throughout his lifetime, including awards and honorary degrees, materials kept in his office and home, promotional materials, artwork, postcards, religious artifacts, and pe... Video recordings of Nouwen Series consists of video recordings of Nouwen as lecturer, retreat leader, conference leader and television program guest. Many of these videocassettes were given to Nouwen by the organizers's of events in which he participated. There is one ... Series consists of records of a personal nature which were created and kept by Nouwen throughout his life. These materials are arranged into sub-series and files which reflect the main value of that grouping of personal records.This series has bee... [1947] - [1996] Series consists of colour and black and white photographs (including negatives) accumulated by Nouwen, and colour slides taken by him and others. Photographs not taken by Nouwen were gathered mainly from friends and acquaintances through correspon... 1956 - 1996 ; predominant 1970 - 1996 Series consists of published works written and collected by Nouwen during his lifetime. Although there are some of his earliest writings dating from 1956, the series is predominantly dating from 1970 to 1996.The series has been arranged in the fol... Collected materials [1960?]-1996; predominant 1971-1995 Series consists of material collected by Nouwen on topics, people, and issues of interest. Nouwen used this material for articles, books, lectures, talks, sermons, general interest, and as reference for his duties as pastor, friend, researcher, a... Calendar files Series consists of files containing correspondence and other material related to Nouwen's day to day engagements. Nouwen received dozens of invitations each month to give lectures or talks, lead retreats, preside at religious occasions, and p... Faith and Sharing 1974 - [1995] Series consists of 103 audio cassettes and 15 videocassettes made during Faith and Sharing events. <p>The Faith and Sharing Federation /Foi et Partage is a bilingual Catholic organization with a mandate to deepen and foster the experience of... Sound Recordings series October 27, 1985 - June 1994 Series consists of eleven audio cassettes of lectures and retreats given by Nouwen from 1985 to 1994. Specifically, there are two audio cassettes from a ALT Brugge Retreat on the topics of Prayer and Reconciliation. There are two audio cassettes... 1966 - 1985, 1994; predominant 1971 - 1981 Series consists of materials created by Nouwen for use in his capacity as a professor and instructor. These materials include notes for lectures, reading notes, class lists, handouts for students, class schedules, course evaluations, audio recordi... Assistants' Retreats and Meetings Series consists of 169 audio cassettes and 7 videocassettes made during retreats and meetings given by and for assistants of L'Arche International. The assistants are those individuals that live and work in L'Arche communities and assist... Sound recordings of Retreats 1971, 1972, 1974, 1978, 1979, 1982, 1984-1989, 1991, 1993 The series consists of sound recordings of Faith and Sharing retreats throughout North America between 1971 and 1993. The majority of the recordings feature retreat talks given by Jean Vanier, but contributions made by other Faith and Sharing mem... Diaries, reading journals and day planners Series consists of 29 diaries, dated reading journals and day planners created and preserved by Watson during her adult life. These materials contain fragments of her creative writing; drawings in graphite, coloured pencil and ink; reading notes a... Documents related to participation in the Canadian Conference of Catholic Lay Associations The series consists of documents collected by Madeleine Seguin related to Faith and Sharing's membership in the Canadian Conference of Catholic Lay Associations. The records include reports, memos and agendas regarding meetings, bulletins an... 1958, 1984 - 1993 Series consists of two diaries kept by Wilfred Watson during his writing career and includes a diary created by Watson after 1958, and a second diary kept between 1984 and 1993. L'Arche Renewals Series consists of 242 audio cassettes made during l'Arche Renewal retreats. Renewal Retreats are part of an effort to support assistants that have lived for 10 years or more at l’Arche. These are organized by the l’Arche International Counci...	cc/2019-30/en_head_0039.json.gz/line700
__label__wiki	0.504329	0.504329	Home Opinions Rescheduled Election Date and the Law – Afe Babalola SAN Rescheduled Election Date and the Law – Afe Babalola SAN On the morning of February 16, 2019, millions of Nigerians who night before had gone to bed looking forward to the opportunity to cast their votes in the Presidential and National Assembly elections awoke to the shocking news that the elections had been postponed by INEC to February 23. I have used the word “shocking” advisedly as the dates of the elections had been decided and announced by the electoral body several months before and there had been no indication that the dates would be shifted. Even when electoral materials had reportedly been lost to dubious fire incidents in some states, INEC had restated its commitment to proceed with the elections as planned. Based upon this assurance, millions of Nigerians had prepared earnestly for the elections. From accounts which have since surfaced, some Nigerians had even travelled hundreds of kilometres to the places where they were registered as voters just so that their votes could count in the elections. Immediate condemnation Unsurprisingly, the postponement attracted immediate condemnation from Nigerians. On the part of the major political parties, they continue to accuse each other of complicity in what they both describe as a conspiracy by INEC to deliberately postpone the elections in connivance with the other. However, aside from the effect of the abrupt postponement on Nigerians, which I will also comment upon, I am concerned by the fact that the reasons adduced for it do not accord with the clear provisions of the law. To be certain, in announcing the postponement, INEC gave the reasons for it to be as follows: “In preparing for the 2019 general elections, we have come face-to-face with the realities of conducting such an extensive national deployment of men and materials in a developing country like ours…It is therefore not unexpected that such a tremendous national mobilisation of men and materials will encounter operational challenges and we have had our own fair share of such challenges… There have been delays in delivering ballot papers and result sheets for the elections which are not unusual. However, I must emphasize that all the ballot papers and result sheets were ready before the elections despite the very tight legal timeframe for finalising nomination of candidates and dealing with the spate of legal challenges that accompany it… “Unfortunately, in the last week flights within the country have been adversely affected by bad weather. For instance, three days ago, we were unable to deliver materials to some locations due to bad weather.We therefore had to rely on slow-moving long haulage vehicles to locations that can be serviced by air in spite of the fact that we created five zonal airport hubs Abuja (North Central), Port Harcourt (South-South and South East), Kano (North West), Maiduguri and Yale (North East) and Lagos (South West) to facilitate the delivery of electoral logistics.Apart from these logistical challenges, we also faced what may well attempt to sabotage our preparations. In a space of two weeks. We had to deal with serious fire incidents in three of our offices in Isiala Ngwa South Local Government Area of Abia State, Qu‘an Pan Local Government Area of Plateau State and our Anambra State Office at Awka. ALSO READ Nigerian Victims of Slavery Have No Court to Sue Libya - Falana SAN “Faced with these challenges, we initially thought that we only required a maximum of 24 hours to resolve the logistics issues involved and complete our deployment for the election,” he said. “This would mean shifting the elections to commence on Sunday 17th February, 2019. However, given the restriction of movement during elections, that could affect many voters who worship on Sunday. While the commission is considering the following Monday, 19th February, 2019 as an option, our ICT department advised us that it would require 5-6 days to configure about 180,000 smart card readers earlier programmed to work only on election day, Saturday, 16th February 2019.” Powers of INEC to postpone election Before proceeding to examine the facts relied upon by INEC to postpone the election, it is pertinent to identify the statutory provision which empower INEC to postpone elections.This is to be found in Section 26 of the Electoral Act 2010 (as amended) which provides as follows: “26(1) Where a date has been appointed for the holding of an election, and there is reason to believe that a serious breach of the peace is likely to occur if the election is proceeded with on that date or it is impossible to conduct the elections as a result of natural disasters or other emergencies, the Commission may postpone the election and shall in respect of the area, or areas concerned, appoint another date for the holding of the postponed election, provided that such reason for the postponement is cogent and verifiable.” The provisions reproduced above are clear and unambiguous. They permit of the postponement of elections where: ALSO READ Can Injured Persons Maintain Action Under the Fatal Accident Law? - Balogun Sofiyullahi .O. 1. There is reason to believe that a serious breach of peace is likely to occur; or 2. It is impossible to conduct the election as a result of natural disasters or other emergency. In either of the scenarios stated above, the Commission may postpone the election and shall in respect of the area appoint another date for the holding of the election. Summary reasons adduced for postponement do not qualify From the statement of the Chairman of INEC the major reason behind the postponement is logistics difficulty. I believe it is fairly easy to state that the reasons stated by INEC and reproduced above cannot be accommodated within either of the two limbs of Section 26(1) of the Electoral Act. In other words, the reasons do not qualify as serious breach of peace or a natural disaster or other emergency. Election is the lifeblood of democracy. It is the only way for the citizenry to renew and exercise their rights in the governance of their nation and get the most benefit out of democracy. The democratic right of Nigerians to elect their leaders every four years is therefore of paramount importance. This is why the reasons adduced are particularly disheartening. These reasons reveal a failure by INEC to realise the importance of its duties in the democratic process. Furthermore, the last minute postponement of the elections has had untold effect on millions of Nigerians. Firstly, the Inspector General of Police ordered a restriction of movement within Nigeria from the hours of 6am on the day of election to 6pm. While the validity of this directive is still the subject of debate, it was nonetheless complied with across Nigeria thereby bringing a halt to any sort of economic or social activity. ALSO READ Ten Common Pitfalls in the RPC for Lawyers Even when news of the postponement eventually trickled in it was too late for any meaningful economic activity to resume. Even on the part of INEC, this postponement has led many to point out that the amount of N242 billion budgeted for INEC and other agencies for the election would have been better spent on critical infrastructure in the country. Postponement may bring about voter apathy There is also the possibility that this postponement may eventually bring about voter apathy on the rescheduled date. Many who had travelled to vote on the 16th and who are now back at their bases may find it difficult to make new travel plans for the 23rd. Again many may believe the unfortunate rhetoric of the political parties that continue to accuse each other of complicity in the postponement thereby bringing about a feeling that there may really be no need to vote as the results has been predetermined. Consequent upon this, I do hope that INEC will be alive to its responsibilities in the coming weeks and ensure that the lapses which led to the postponement do not occur again. It is necessary for it to ensure that any election conducted is done in a way that would substantially guarantee that the main objective of a free and fair election is achieved. This is what Nigeria and Nigerians deserve. Next week, I will examine election of ideal leaders and our electoral process. Previous articleLimitations to the Right to Life and the Use of Force against Violators of Electoral Law – Nonso Robert Attoh Next articleOnnoghen: Court of Appeal Adjourns Appeals till February 27 Obasanjo writes council of legal education over NOUN’s Law school... Preparing wills saves rancour after death, lawyer says	cc/2019-30/en_head_0039.json.gz/line701
__label__cc	0.520955	0.479045	One of the highest callings of Congress is to properly provide for the health and wellbeing of the American people. As a non-practicing registered nurse, providing the most advanced, efficient, and affordable healthcare possible for our community has always been a priority of mine. In my twenty five years in Congress, I have used my professional experience in the medical field to expand access to quality healthcare for all Americans. In that vein, I fully supported President Obama’s Affordable Care Act, as well as Medicaid and Medicare, which provides care and support to majority of Americans. I have also authored and co-sponsored bills that better support our hardworking nurses, provide greater choice for women, and assist families dealing with difficult mental health issues. Further, I have continued to fight for increased funding for the medical science community that will improve the efficiency and cost-effectiveness of our treatment plans. More on Health care Representatives Johnson and Veasey Lead Congressional Letter Supporting Provider Status for Local Health Departments May 16, 2019 Press Release WASHINGTON – Congresswoman Eddie Bernice Johnson (TX-30) and Congressman Marc Veasey (TX-33) led a letter with Texas members of the U.S. House of Representatives to the Centers for Medicare & Medicaid Services urging the establishment of provider type designation for local and regional health departments within the Texas managed care environment. Representatives Johnson and Joyce Introduce Resolution Recognizing National Nurses Week May 9, 2019 Press Release WASHINGTON, D.C. – Congresswoman Eddie Bernice Johnson (TX-30) and Congressman Dave Joyce (OH-14) introduced a bipartisan resolution recognizing National Nurses Week. This annually observed week highlights the important contributions nurses make every day in the administration of health care for millions of Americans and the promotion of healthy lifestyles that improve the country’s overall public health. Cardin, Scott, Johnson, Correa Lead Bipartisan, Bicameral Recognition of April as National Minority Health Month Apr 22, 2019 Press Release WASHINGTON – U.S. Senators Ben Cardin (D-Md.) and Tim Scott (R-S.C.), along with Congresswoman Eddie Bernice Johnson (TX-30) and Congressman J. House Reauthorizes Violence Against Women Act, Passes Johnson Amendment Strengthening Victims’ Housing Protections Apr 9, 2019 Press Release WASHINGTON, DC – The U.S. House of Representatives voted on Thursday to reauthorize the Violence Against Women Act, with an amendment by Congresswoman Eddie Bernice Johnson. “In my home state of Texas and my city of Dallas, we are unfortunately deeply familiar with the tragedies involved in domestic violence,” said Congresswoman Johnson, who serves as Co-Chair of the Congressional Homelessness Caucus. “Families have been broken apart, and people have lost their lives to the scourge of domestic violence. We have the duty to do more to protect our communities.” Congresswoman Johnson Co-Sponsors The Protecting Pre-Existing Conditions & Making Health Care More Affordable Act Mar 26, 2019 Press Release WASHINGTON, DC – Congresswoman Eddie Bernice Johnson, Chair of the House Committee on Science, Space, and Technology, today cosponsored sweeping new health care legislation that will lower Texans health insurance premiums, strengthen protections for people with pre-existing conditions, and undo the harm the Trump Administration has caused to health care. Congresswoman Johnson Introduces Bill to Protect Federal Employees’ Health Care Coverage During a Shutdown Washington, DC – Congresswoman Eddie Bernice Johnson yesterday introduced legislation to protect the health care benefits of federal employees during a government shutdown. The bill, H.R. 1719, also named the Securing Dental and Vision Protection for Federal Employees Act, contains specific provisions that, once enacted, would ensure that federal employees remain eligible to receive dental and vision coverage in the event of a lapse of government funding. Congresswoman Johnson Introduces National Nurse Act of 2019 Mar 7, 2019 Press Release Washington, DC – Congresswoman Eddie Bernice Johnson today introduced the National Nurse Act of 2019. This bill, H.R. 1597, will designate the Chief Nurse Officer of the U.S. Public Health Service as the “National Nurse for Public Health.” The responsibilities of the position would task the National Nurse for Public Health with identifying and addressing national health priorities. Congresswoman Johnson Introduces National Gun Violence Research Act Jan 11, 2019 Press Release Washington, DC – Congresswoman Eddie Bernice Johnson, Chairwoman of the House Science, Space, and Technology Committee, yesterday introduced the National Gun Violence Research Act, a bill designed to authorize research programs that examine policies that reduce gun violence and lower death totals. The legislation, also referred to as H.R. Congresswoman Johnson Announces $4.4 Million in Federal Grants for Martin Luther King, Jr. Family Clinic and UT Southwestern Medical Center Dec 31, 2018 Press Release Dallas, TX – Congresswoman Eddie Bernice Johnson today announced that the Martin Luther King, Jr. Family Clinic and UT Southwestern Medical Center have been awarded more than $4.4 million in grant funding by the U.S. Department of Health and Human Services. The two medical facilities received $4,166,624 and $243,000, respectively. Congresswoman Johnson Announces $2.8 Million Grant for Children’s Hospital Dallas, TX – Congresswoman Eddie Bernice Johnson today announced that the Department of Health and Human Services awarded Children’s Medical Center Dallas with a $2,887,257 grant. The funding will enhance the Children’s Graduate Medical Education Payment Program.	cc/2019-30/en_head_0039.json.gz/line703
__label__cc	0.523468	0.476532	ERROR: type should be string, got "https://www.instagram.com/euinjapan/\nhttps://twitter.com/EUinJapan\nhttps://www.youtube.com/user/EUinJapan1/\nhttps://www.facebook.com/euinjapan\nDelegation of the European Union to Japan\nJapan and the EU\nEEAS homepage > Japan > World Economic Forum recognises European Commission as champion in the circular economy\nWorld Economic Forum recognises European Commission as champion in the circular economy\nBrussels, 22/01/2019 - 12:09, UNIQUE ID: 190123_4\nEU News 6/2019\nYesterday evening in Davos, the European Commission was awarded the 2019 Circular Economy prize by the World Economic Forum and the Forum of Young Global Leaders, as recognition of the work done to accelerate the transition towards a circular economy that protects the environment and reduces greenhouse gas emissions while delivering opportunities for jobs, growth and investment. Vice-President Katainen and Commissioner Vella received The Circulars prize offered in the category “Public Sector” on behalf of the Commission.\nIn 2015, the Commission established a unique comprehensive strategy, the Circular Economy Package, aiming to close the resource loop by introducing measures covering the whole lifecycle of products and materials – from production and consumption to management of waste and its re-use as secondary raw materials in the economy. The suggested measures also tackle climate change with energy savings and reduced greenhouse gas emissions, and include the first-ever European Strategy for Plastics. The Commission has delivered more than 90% of the 54 planned actions and is currently reflecting on which steps are now needed to make Europe ever more sustainable. A circular economy is part of the modernisation and transformation needed for the EU to become the world's first major economy to go climate neutral by 2050, as per the long-term strategy put forward by the Commission in November 2018.\nSource and additional information\nPress and information team of the Delegation to JAPAN\nParliament elects Ursula von der Leyen as first female Commission President\nDeclaration by the High Representative on behalf of the EU on the Intermediate-Range Nuclear Forces Treaty\nSummer 2019 Economic Forecast: Growth clouded by external factors\nJoint Statement by the High Representative and the European Commission on the occasion of the World Day against Child LabourToday, an estimated 152 million children are victims of child labour worldwide. These 152 million children are being denied their right to have access to education and to a safe living environment. On the occasion of the World Day against Child Labour on 12 June, the European Union, alongside its\nJoint Statement by the European Commission and the High Representative on the occasion of World Refugee Day, 20 June 2019World Refugee Day\nDeclaration by the High Representative on behalf of the European Union to commemorate the World Water DayThe fundamental human rights to safe drinking water and sanitation apply to every human being and are fully recognised and backed by the EU in its diplomatic efforts and development policy.\nEuropa House\n4-6-28 Minami-Azabu, Minato-ku,\nTel. 81(0)3-5422-6001\nFax.81(0)3-5420-5544\ndelegation-japan@eeas.europa.eu"	cc/2019-30/en_head_0039.json.gz/line704
__label__cc	0.703842	0.296158	Ternary sensing surface with DNA-based spacer group : characterization, comparison and optimization Ternary Sensing Surface With DNA-Based Spacer Group.pdf (3.293Mb) Yang, Yanli School of Materials Science and Engineering In the past decade, outbreaks of new diseases have brought much fear in the people worldwide. Many lives were lost due mainly to the late detection of these diseases as well as the lack of knowledge to prevent or cure them. To allow fast response to curb the spread of such infections, real-time sensors with high sensitivity and selectivity are required. With the advancement in technology and the need for miniaturization, biosensors based on electrochemistry has proven to be a powerful detection method due to the ease-of-use, low instrumentation cost, possible non-labeling and fast target detection. In an electrochemical detection, the sensitivity of the biosensors is mostly affected by the accessibility of the specific target towards the recognition site of the receptors immobilized on the electrode surface. To reduce the steric hindrances of the target molecules to the receptors, in this case the single-stranded DNA (ssDNA) probes, short organic spacer groups are normally used to modulate the ssDNA probe density on the electrode. In this report, a ternary sensing surface optimized using DNA-based spacer group for the detection of Methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) has been created. As compared to commonly-used organic spacer group, such as 2-mercaptoethanol (ME), 3-mercaptop-1-propanol (MP) and 6-mercapto-1-hexanol (MCH), thymine-based spacer groups (T9) displayed a 10-fold improvement of signal-to-noise in discriminating between complementary DNA (cDNA) and non-complementary DNA (NcDNA) hybridization. Analysis from Surface Plasmon Resonance (SPR), Quartz Crystal Microbalance (QCM-D) and electrochemistry showed a sensing surface of excellent selectivity, optimized at a ratio of 1:1 (probe:T9). On this surface, the ssDNA probes are aligned by the T9 spacer groups and thereby capable of maximizing cDNA hybridization and differentiating with non-specific NcDNA binding. Single-mismatch (SMM) detections have shown to be possible at this optimized ratio, with the ability to differentiate between the SMM at different positions. By creating similar sensing surfaces on gold-deposited microelectrodes, an improvement of the S/N by a factor of 8 was observed compared to the detection using planar gold electrodes, showing capabilities of creating a highly selective and sensitive biosensor with microelectrodes. Attempts were also made to create binary sensing surfaces and comparisons were made with using shorter thymine spacer groups (T6) on both planar and microelectrodes. While all DNA-based spacer lengths were capable of modulating probe density and reducing steric hindrances, sensing surfaces created using the longer T9 spacer groups performed better in terms of S/N at their respective optimized ratio. Improvement in detection was observed for neutral PNA strands as compared to negatively-charged DNA strands at the same optimized ratio using microelectrodes. Despite the general idea that a compact and uncharged layer is more desirable to form a highly selective biosensor based on electrochemistry, I have shown that as compared to the use of organic spacer groups, a more highly selective ternary sensing layer can be formed by using thymine-based spacer groups. Thymine spacers allow the assembly of a less compact sensing surface (with easily accessible domains in between the upright ssDNA probes) for efficient transfer of electrons across the surface, which is important for signal enhancement in an electrochemical biosensor. Furthermore, similar to one of the functions of the organic spacer groups, thymine spacers are also capable of removing the non-specific interactions between the DNA bases and gold due to their highly negative charged nature. In addition, thymine spacers having similar hydrophilicity to the ssDNA probe is likely to form a more homogenous sensing surface than that using the hydrophobic organic spacer groups. Lastly and most importantly, this work initiates and brings insights into the use of an alternative spacer group for the assembly of a sensing layer. DRNTU::Science::Biological sciences::Biochemistry	cc/2019-30/en_head_0039.json.gz/line710
__label__cc	0.728182	0.271818	Paul · December 17, 2013 Namine asks her share of questions over and over again, and to my shame, I’ve answered with my share of “stop asking!” or “because I said so.” I try not to, though, because I feel that she deserves more than that. When I was growing up, the answer of “because I said so” was enough – for my parents and my friends’ parents, but not for me. I felt that I deserved more of an explanation than that (my parents disagreed). But I still feel the way I did when I was a child, so I made myself a promise. As long as it is in my power, I explain to Namine decisions, choices, and rules that affect and pertain to her. Let me illustrate with an example. Last night, I explained to Namine why she needed to take her medicine. There exist a myriad of approaches to this problem. I chose to explain to her why it was important that she take her medicine, because I believe in giving her the chance to make the right decision herself. She told me that she was hiding her pills because she doesn’t like taking them. This was important, because Namine doesn’t always tell us what she’s feeling. She can be social when she wants to be, but she’s also a solitary child. She lives in her head quite a bit – like Jessica and myself, so we can relate – and she’s very stoic. She doesn’t tell us when she’s sad, angry, or in pain. What we see is more often just what bubbles to the surface, so I was glad that she was opening up to talk about it. And Namine didn’t have context for her medicine. They’re pills that taste gross, and Mommy and Daddy say I have to take them. So I explained why they were necessary – at her level, of course. She doesn’t understand about diuretics or blood thinners, but she knows her heart needed fixing. She understands taking medicine for the purpose of staying healthy. After that, she not only took them willingly, but cheerfully. As much as possible, I encourage logic and reason in my daughter, and I welcome questions. But there is, of course, a difference between questions and being argumentative. After all, Namine is not always the logical girl we’d like her to be. (Neither am I, for that matter. Nor are any of us.) There are times when she argues and argues and I have no choice but to say, “I have explained why. Now do not argue, and do what I ask.” But I don’t believe in that line as the first response. I do believe that relationships – any relationship, including the one between parent and child – require respect. I certainly have respect for Namine; she has earned it. I hope to have earned, to continue to earn, Namine’s respect (and, though I do not deserve it, love) for me as her parent, friend, and confidant. I don’t assume that merely because I am her father that I may demand her respect. I do not want unwilling obedience that fosters a silent hate; I want a willing love that inspires obedience. I must earn that. To that end, as much as I can, I direct her focus on how she perceives herself, her attention to her own behavior. A parent’s job is a tricky one. Protect your child for as long as you can, but as soon as you are able, let them move toward independence. I have issues with that whole “independence” thing – she’s my little love, after all – but with the right push and the right mindset, she can do anything. NamineThoughts	cc/2019-30/en_head_0039.json.gz/line713
__label__cc	0.653489	0.346511	Tag Archives: research Getting to Know You: Daniel James Over the last couple of years, I’ve got to know Daniel James, author of ‘The Unauthorised Biography of Ezra Maas’. I’ve been lucky enough to host him at Noir at the Bar a few times as well as being invited by Daniel to read my own work at his ‘After Dark’ event for Books on Tyne. Daniel will be in conversation with Jacky Collins at Waterstones, Newcastle, on Wednesday 30th January. Tickets are £3 and I’m reliably informed that there are a few left – reserve your space now! My thanks to Daniel for taking the time to chat to us. Tell us about your book. The Unauthorised Biography of Ezra Maas is based on the real life story of Ezra Maas, a British artist who became famous in the late 1960s, but who turned his back on fame and created his greatest artworks from the shadows, before eventually disappearing altogether in mysterious circumstances in the early 2000s. I became interested in telling the true story of Maas’s life and presumed death, but nothing could have prepared me for the truth that the book uncovers. It quickly occurred to me that in searching for the true story of Maas’s life, travelling around the world to the cities he lived, visiting the galleries where he created his work, and interviewing those who knew and collaborated with him, that my role as biographer was essentially a kind of literary detective. As such, I consciously decided to write these chapters of the book in the style of a detective story, a page-turning mystery thriller through a postmodern, existential lens. However, the book is also very much a biography and there are chapters dedicated to documenting Maas’s life from 1950 onwards in a more journalistic style, accompanied by reproductions of authentic archival material and correspondence, including news clippings, letters, emails, phone transcripts and more. If one half of the book is like a detective story, the other half is a biography written by an investigative journalist. There are a lot of different styles and techniques being employed throughout the text, but they come together to create a new kind of book where readers are challenged to become detectives themselves, following in the footsteps of my investigation, as I attempt to separate fact from fiction and history from myth, page by page, chapter by chapter. What inspired it? Ezra Maas’s incredible life story was the inspiration. In 2011, I received an anonymous phone call suggesting the true story of Maas would make an interesting biography and everything led from there. It didn’t take long for my research to reveal a number of contradictions and inconsistencies in the authorised version of Maas’s life, and naturally, the journalist in me began asking questions. The more I asked, the more secrets I uncovered, and I soon found myself being warned off the story. Of course, as soon as that happened, I knew I had found something special and there was no turning back. Alongside that, I’ve always been interested in the relationship between truth and fiction, the self and reality, as a writer. And in many ways, Maas’s life was the perfect gateway into those subjects and themes. His life, and my interests as a writer, were perfectly aligned and the phone call that set me on the path to writing his biography couldn’t have come at a more ideal moment. I was in the right place at the right time. I recently read an interview with a writer who described her latest work as ‘existential noir’ because of the way it used the structure of a traditional mystery story to explore unanswerable questions of being and knowing – what can we ever know with any real certainty, about ourselves or the world – and that’s very much the territory I like work in – crafting stories around questions of identity and reality that lead us down the rabbit hole, and force us to confront our deepest subconscious fears. What do you like most about writing? What do you dislike (if anything)? I’m happiest when I’m writing regularly because it feels like I’m fulfilling my potential and doing what I’m supposed to be doing with my time. Kafka supposedly said that ‘a writer who isn’t writing, is a monster courting insanity’ and I completely understand what he meant. Whenever I’m not writing, I feel like I should be, and when it’s going well, it’s like electricity flowing through me – it’s a serious high, but more than that, it also provides a deeper sense of purpose and satisfaction. And on a lighter note, it’s great fun. Who doesn’t want to make up stories and let their imagination run free? I love the freedom that writing gives me. I can create entire worlds, people, and histories. I’ve always been a daydreamer and writing allows me to share my dreams and imaginings with others. I don’t really dislike anything about writing itself, but like any physical or mental endeavour, there are days when it can really feel like hard work. Over the last few years, I’ve learned to listen to my body and not force myself to write when it isn’t flowing. You can still work on your book without actually writing. You can read for research, visit a location, watch a film, listen to music, take a walk. Professional athletes warm up before an event, they stretch, eat and drink the right things, and get their bodies ready to perform. Writers need to do the same with their minds. Sometimes it’s about clearing your mind to allow space for the ideas to come in, other times it’s about tuning into a certain frequency, atmosphere or mood, and channelling a particular character or scene. Do you find time to read, if so what are you reading at the moment? I love reading. It’s one of my great pleasures in life and it’s ultimately the reason I wanted to become a writer myself. I try to get through a novel every couple of weeks if I can. The books I return to the most are detective novels – Raymond Chandler, Ross MacDonald, James M Cain to modern greats like James Lee Burke – and also postmodern works. At university, I specialised in fiction from 1940-1990 and that’s the era I find myself returning to the most when I’m looking for something new to read. I read a lot of comic books and graphic novels too (I practically grew up on Marvel Comics in particular). I’m a fan of Science Fiction and many other genres, and I read quite a bit of non-fiction, mostly literary and cultural theory, but it depends on what I’m working on at the time. I read a lot of books on contemporary art history, biographies and journalism when I was researching Ezra Maas, and I can imagine I’ll do the same with future novels. Currently sitting at the top of my to be read list currently are two excellent new novels – Three Dreams in the Key of G by Marc Nash and The Study Circle by Haroun Khan. The last book I bought before those was by the late, great Mark Fisher, a cultural theorist who blogged under the name K-Punk. I highly recommend his work to anyone who has yet to come across it. Mark’s writing introduced me to the concept of Hauntology, which I touch on in my own book. Earlier this year, I also read the Southern Reach trilogy by Jeff Vandermeer after being intrigued by Alex Garland’s adaptation of the first in the series, Annihilation. I’ve got a huge stack of books waiting to be read though. I love buying books and I love reading, but I do take long breaks when I’m actively writing myself, so this has resulted in an increasingly expanding To Be Read pile that I’ll probably never get through! Which author(s) has/have had the biggest influence on your writing? Paul Auster. Raymond Chandler. Samuel Beckett. James Joyce. Thomas Pynchon. Philip Pullman. Philip K Dick. Jorge Luis Borges. Alasdair Grey. Flann O’Brien. David Lynch. Where do you get your ideas from? Everywhere. My life. Other people’s lives. History. Dreams. Music. Films. Ideas are all around us, all of the time. You’ve just got to open your eyes, listen and be in the right frame of mind to be inspired. Do you have a favourite scene/character/story you’ve written? Well, the novel is the best piece of work I’ve written so far and Ezra Maas is probably the most complex character I’ve brought to life, not just because he is a real person, but because there are so many conflicting stories about him. I’ve tried to reflect this in the book by capturing the multiple, overlapping narratives and descriptions, allowing them to coexist alongside each other so that the emphasis is on the reader of the book to play detective themselves and separate fact from fiction in Ezra’s life. I’m about halfway through a second novel, which I hope to finish within the year. I actually started working on it in 2013, but Ezra Maas took over my life , so I put the other book on hold temporarily. Now that the Unauthorised Biography’ is out, I can focus on new projects, including returning to my work-in-progress second novel. Once that’s completed, I plan to work my way through the other novels I have planned, although I wouldn’t rule out one of those new ideas becoming my second novel – it just depends which idea excites me the most. What’s the best piece of writing advice you’ve been given (and who was it from)? “Write the books you want to read.” Philip Pullman said that to me when I met him at the Durham Book Festival in 2015. It was very reassuring advice to receive from such a master storyteller, particularly as that’s exactly what I’ve always tried to do. I’ve been writing stories since the age of four or five and have always written for myself. If the story excites and interests me, if I want to keep turning the page to find out what happens next, if I find myself disappearing into the world of the book and thinking about it every waking second, then I know I’m on the right track. Are you a plotter or a pantster? I’m somewhere in between. Generally speaking, I like to follow my intuition and let the story guide me, rather than plotting the entire book out in advance. I have a destination and a road map in my mind, but it has enough wide-open space to allow me to go off on unexpected adventures and detours as and when I need to. I might be the author of the book, but it’s a process of discovery for me too. An author is almost like a pioneer heading off into the wilderness. They discover the trail and share it with the readers who follow them. Of course, The Unauthorised Biography of Ezra Maas is based on real events, so it required several years of research, travel, interviews, and quite meticulous planning. At the same time, I remember the moment when I decided to write the book very vividly and I could already see the story fully formed in my mind. It all came to me in an instant. It was a Big Bang moment. One second there was nothing and then… everything. I knew where to start, how I wanted to present the story, with letters and emails and phone transcripts, and I knew exactly how it would end. But it also surprised me on multiple occasions. It kept me guessing all the way through with its twists and turns. It genuinely had a life of its own, sometimes in quite scary ways, almost as if the story couldn’t be contained on the page and wanted to bleed out into the world. Perhaps because it’s based on a true story, it has a special kind of power that makes it dangerous. I may have written it, but I don’t think even I know the book’s true potential. This book, more than any other idea I’ve ever had, felt like it had already been written in a strange way and I was simply receiving it, like a transmitter, from somewhere out in the ether and it was my job to put it on the page; bring it to life. Do you have any advice for aspiring writers? If writing books is really what you want to do, if it’s genuinely your dream in life, then don’t ever, ever give up. Keep going, keep believing in yourself, and keep writing, no matter what. You can and will make it happen, but only if you keep believing and keep writing. What’s been your proudest writing-related moment? The moment I found out the book was going to be published will always stand out in my mind. I didn’t tell anyone – not a single person – for about a week as I was worried I would jinx it somehow. It was something that I wanted so much and so badly that I didn’t want to do anything to jeopardise it. About two years after that, I walked out onto the stage at the Newcastle Book Festival in front of a crowd of about 80 people, including my family and friends, and I read an extract from the book for the very first time. I was introduced on the night by Professor Brian Ward, we premiered a documentary video about Ezra Maas featuring the award-winning writer and artist Bryan Talbot, and we finished up with a Q&A where I was interviewed by Dr Claire Nally. Everything went as planned and afterwards we celebrated with cocktails created especially for the book at a late night after-party in a speakeasy-style basement bar called The Poison Cabinet in Newcastle. I couldn’t have asked for a more perfect night and it was definitely one of my proudest moments. The long-awaited launch of my novel with a trio of fantastic events in the North East, featuring guest authors and speakers and more than 150 attendees in total. This included a return to Books on Tyne and a special late-night event afterwards entitled Fiction After Dark with cocktails, live music and readings by Elementary Sisterhood. And of course, there was the launch itself at the wonderful Forum Books in Corbridge. It was a really lovely evening and a special moment for me. I can’t recommend Forum Books enough and I think it’s really important to support independent bookstores and local businesses My next event will be at Waterstones Newcastle – the biggest bookstore in the North East – on Wednesday 30 January at 7pm, so that will be another proud moment. I’ll be reading an extract from the book, answering questions from the brilliant Dr Jacky Collins, and signing copies of my novel at the end. Tickets are £3 and on sale now. Posted in Getting to Know..., Guest Post, Writing Tagged author, biographer, biography, book, chapter, chapters, character, characters, descriptions, detective, Elementary Sisterhood, fiction, film, graphic novels, ideas, identity, imagination, journalist, letters, literary, mystery, narratives, noir, non-fiction, North East, novel, novels, page, plot, plotting, published, read, readers, reading, research, scene, stories, story, subjects, themes, thriller, write, writer Getting to Know You: Lucy Nichol I’m delighted to host Lucy Nichol, author of ‘A Series of Unfortunate Stereotypes‘, to the blog. My thanks to Lucy for taking the time to chat to us today and for her honesty. A Series of Unfortunate Stereotypes is a memoir that’s packed with comment about mental health stigma and how it has influenced my thinking over the years. I tried to write it humorously and accessibly, as I’m an expert by lived experience when it comes to mental health – I am not a professional. So the views on the book are simply based on what I have soaked up and how I feel about it all. It takes us through a range of stereotypes linked to mental health, and compares them to the reality. I started writing and blogging in 2016. I started working as a media volunteer / champion with Time to Change and I also when started writing regularly for a range of media titles. The title of the book came to me when I wrote my first piece for Sarah Millican’s Standard Issue magazine, which was almost a summary of everything that is in the book. It was all about stigma and how we perceive anxiety disorders, specifically, as that was what my personal experience was based on. I love the Lemony Snickett stories, but Aunt Josephine sprung to mind when I was trying to think of a fictional well-known character with anxiety. And I thought – Christ, I have anxiety and I’m nothing like Aunt Josephine. I was convinced she was a pretty poor role model for anxiety. I find writing heaps of fun. I have a real thing for nostalgia, which is why I write so much about the 80s and 90s – not just my experience but everything that was happening around me – from food and TV shows to government safety campaigns and pop music. It always makes me smile and gives me context as to why and how my opinions on life have changed over the years. I never stop! I’m currently finishing Lost Connections by Johann Hari which I can genuinely say is quite the life changer and I urge anyone to read it. When I first started reading I was apprehensive, as I have naturally always yearned for quick fixes in everything. I think that is why I rely solely on taking anti-depressants and going for therapy, rather than adding self care into the mix as well. This book is a real eye-opener and I believe it’s good to challenge our own beliefs. I love Caitlin Moran’s no-nonsense humour and focus on music, as well as Aaron Gillie’s (aka Technically Ron) hilarious reflections on living a life with anxiety. But I think overall the biggest influence on me was, and still is, the Standard Issue community. Sarah Millican set that magazine up (which now runs as a podcast) as a no-bullshit magazine for women. And all the contributors – from comedians to every day peeps like me – have a real authentic feel about them. It’s refreshing and it helped me find a voice. It made the in-crowd inclusive, rather than exclusive. I look around me and I consider how pop culture / society has impacted me. I can’t comment on other people’s relationships with it, but I can share my own, and it seems to have rung true with a good few people so hopefully it is relatable. I’ve just started experimenting with fiction, and I have created a character I would love to hang out with. She has elements of me in there but overall, aside from her anxiety and taste in music, she’s a very different character. Far more confident, I’d say. I wrote a scene about her trip to her local pub with her best mate, who is made up of lots of people from my past, and it was so much fun to write. I’m working on the fiction project mentioned above, as well as a series of short stories I’m working on together with my husband, actor Chris Connel. It’s been interesting so far, we’ve had to be very careful to avoid the bickering, so we have set out clear boundaries – I’m doing the research and overarching concepts, he’s doing the characterisation and creative scriptwriting! I arranged a manuscript assessment recently via The Literary Consultancy and author Angela Clarke was my assessor. Her review was honest and helpful, giving me some technical advice, but also getting me to think more about the bigger picture. It helped no end – giving me encouragement but also making me realise how commercial I need to be, and how I need to keep at it until I get it right (remember what I said earlier about always wanting the quick fixes – this was a reminder that I needed to hone my ideas before pitching them out). I also remember, when I very first started writing a proposal for my book, A Series of Unfortunate Stereotypes, author and blogger, Claire Eastham asked me some tough questions to help me to craft the proposal. She apologised for being so challenging, but it was her most challenging questions, I believe, that have helped me the most. Ha – probably a pantster. I just write and write whatever comes into my head. In experimenting with fiction, I have, however, done a bit of planning with regards to characterisation and an outline structure, which has been immensely helpful. But for blogs and comment and my own memoir, I fire up the laptop and see what happens. I still see myself as very much a fledgling writer, so I am learning all the time. But I think the most important things I have picked up are to keep at it. I’ve had rejection after rejection – and I’m still seeking a literary agent to this day. But I am not giving up. I read somewhere you have to enjoy writing and writing for yourself. That way, regardless of what comes of it, it’s time well spent. I could go for the big one and say it was when I was invited to Buckingham Palace with the Time to Change and Mind teams for World Mental Health Day in 2016. It was pretty amazing to be part of that and sit on a royal throne (of the lavatorial kind, of course). However, I think the proudest moment for me was seeing the impact that my writing has had. One person, who I won’t name but she knows who she is, has made me feel that every single hour put into writing and trying to get my work out there has been worth it, after messaging me to say she was close to calling an ambulance during a severe panic attack, but she asked her husband to read my blog out to her and it helped to calm her down. There’s nothing that can beat that kind of response to your work. That has to be the proudest moment for me. Tagged author, blog, blogger, Blogging, book, character, characterisation, creative, fiction, fictional, ideas, inspired, literary agent, magazine, Media, memoir, mental health, read, reading, rejection, research, review, scriptwriting, title, titles, TV shows, write, writers, writing, wrote Don’t Quit the Day Job: Jan Fortune Lots of people don’t realise that although you may see work by a certain author on the bookshelves in your favourite shop, many writers still hold down a day job in addition to penning their next novel. In this series, we talk to writers about how their current – or previous – day jobs have inspired and informed their writing. Today, I’m delighted to welcome Jan Fortune to the blog to talk about how she managed to write a trilogy in the last four years while holding down a day job. My thanks to Jan for taking the time to share her insights with us. Over the last four years I’ve been working on a trilogy of novels. A Remedy For All Things follows Catherine, who is in Hungary in 1993 to research on the poet Attila József, when she begins dreaming the life of another woman from a different time period (imprisoned after the Hungarian Uprising of 1956). Even more disturbing, she’s aware that the other woman, Selene, is dreaming her life. It’s a complex book that has taken a great deal of research as well as several edits, but like most contemporary writers, I don’t write full-time. How do we do it? Juggle work, homes to run and still write? And are there any benefits to writing in this way, without the luxury of all the time in the world, or at least all the time that would otherwise go into holding body and soul together? Many of my favourite writers combined work of all sorts with writing. William Faulkner is reputed to have written As I Lay Dying in six weeks. He claimed that while working 12 hours days as a manual labourer he wrote this phenomenal novel in his ‘spare time’. Most of us need a lot longer, but it’s certainly the case that many writers don’t only write. Anthony Burgess taught and composed music; Joseph Conrad was a sea captain; T.S. Eliot worked in a bank and Arthur Conan Doyle was a doctor, as was the poet William Carlos Williams. Wallace Stevens turned down a Harvard professorship rather than give up his 40-year career in insurance. Women who write may not only do the lion’s share of domestic work while writing, but also hold down demanding jobs. Agatha Christie worked as an apothecary’s assistant, a great place to learn about poisons. Toni Morrison worked as an editor and for many years Octavia Butler had to write in the early hours so that she could work low-paid jobs like telemarketing or cleaning. If working the day job is a necessity, it can also be one with benefits. Working as an editor and publisher, I get a lot of time to see how form works, how language can constantly be honed and how handing our precious book to someone with skill and objectivity and then listening carefully can make all the difference. One of my authors recently took a PR role that is giving her masses of people-watching time, none of it wasted. Writers are people who walk about the world with all their senses open and work is an endlessly rich environment for observation of the human condition. Of course, we still need time to find that trance state in which to write and to go into deep flow. If your day job does nothing but hollow you out, it may be time to reconsider. But if your work sustains you and leaves the time and energy to write whilst being a source of experiences and characters, then writing around the day job is an honourable tradition. Posted in Don't Quit the Day Job, Guest Post, Writing Tagged authors, Books, characters, day job, editor, edits, language, novel, novels, poet, PR, publisher, research, trilogy, work, working, write, writer, writers, writing, written Guest Post: Louise Mangos on Writing What You Know Posted on September 23, 2018 \| 1 comment It is my pleasure today to welcome Louise Mangos to the blog to talk about her intimate knowledge of the setting for her debut psychological thriller ‘Strangers on a Bridge‘. Louise writes novels, short stories and flash fiction, which have won prizes, been placed on shortlists, and have also been read on BBC radio. Her debut psychological thriller ‘Strangers on a Bridge‘ is published by HQ Digital (Harper Collins) in ebook, paperback and on audio. You can connect with Louise on Facebook and Twitter or visit her website where there are links to more of her stories. Louise lives in Switzerland with her husband and two sons. The much-travelled author Mark Twain allegedly said “write what you know“. Having spent much of my time in central Switzerland for the past twenty years, the one thing I feel confident in portraying in my novels is the setting. Both my first and second novels are set in and around the Swiss Alps. Strangers on a Bridge begins with ex-pat Alice Reed out for a jog one morning when she sees a man – Manfred – about to jump from the Lorzentobelbrücke. As this is rather a mouthful for English readers, it is referred to in the novel as the Tobel Bridge. In reality it is a notorious suicide hotspot that has sadly found its way into many local newspaper articles over the years. A quick trip on the bike to re-visit the setting for the first scene on the Tobel Bridges. The area surrounding the village where my protagonist Alice lives is called the Aegerital, or the Aegeri Valley. It is a cleft of land gouged out of alpine granite with rivers running in and out of the jewel at its centre – the Aegeri Lake. Our family moved there twenty years ago when my first son was six months old. Many of the difficulties Alice faces in Strangers on a Bridge were challenges I also faced when we first moved, speaking no German and pre-occupied with a new baby. But that’s where the similarities end. I’m happy to report I never witnessed a person wanting to jump from the Tobel Bridge, and I was certainly never stalked by anybody. I should also point out that we worked hard to integrate into the community we now live in. We made an early effort to learn the language, and have experienced friendliness and acceptance from our neighbours ever since. During the creative and theoretical modules for my Masters in Crime Writing at UEA, two of my professors, Henry Sutton and Tom Benn, talked about the importance of setting in a novel. They encouraged the students to incorporate the setting to such an extent that it effectively becomes one of the characters. No matter where a crime novel is set, this atmosphere must be conveyed to the reader to enhance the tension. This might include how a setting behaves through the seasons, for example, the environmental influences in extreme weather conditions. Strangers on a Bridge begins in spring, the perfect opening for any novel. The season of births and beginnings. Alice is out for a spring jog when she sees Manfred on the bridge and is convinced he is about to jump. Her shock jars alarmingly with the beautiful alpine spring surroundings. A great deal of research was still undertaken to make the narrative of this psychological thriller believable. Although I am familiar with many of the rules and traditions in Switzerland, police and legal procedures had to be subsequently verified and checked. But with the setting clearly cemented as one of the characters in the narrative, it was a pleasure to embellish the plot to match the drama of the Alps. The view of the Aegerital from Alice’s running trail in spring. Posted in Guest Post, Writers, Writing Tagged author, blog, character, characters, creative, crime, crime writing, debut, ebook, flash fiction, Masters, narrative, newspaper, novel, novels, paperback, plot, prizes, protagonist, psychological, published, reader, research, setting, short stories, stories, tension, thriller, write Guest Post: Judy Penz Sheluk on Using your Past to Create your Present I’m pleased to have Judy Penz Sheluk here today to talk about her forthcoming release ‘Past & Present‘ and how her own family’s journey inspired it. I’m so grateful to Judy for sharing such a personal experience with us. I’m Canadian, born and raised in Toronto, and I’ve lived within a two-hour drive of that city all my life. My parents, on the other hand, were first generation Canadians, having immigrated to Canada in the early 1950s. Their stories are similar to so many of the time. My father was born in Apatin, Yugoslavia, a small town on the Danube that is now part of Serbia. My mother was born in Stettin, Germany, now known as Szczecin and part of Poland. Both of them, teenagers during the war, and displaced after, made their way to England and settled in Nottingham for a period of time. By the time they met at a local dance, my father was set to immigrate to Toronto, Canada, in February of 1952 (such a brave soul—Toronto in February is, at best, cold and snowy, and at worst, colder and snowier). At any rate, it must have been love at first sight, because my mother applied for her own papers and arrived in Toronto in July 1952, on a hot, humid day. They married that October. Fast forward to September 21, 2016, when my mother, Anneliese, passed away from complications of COPD, following my father, Anton “Toni” Penz, who had died of stomach cancer in 1970 at the age of 42. Among her things was an old train case, and within it, her old passport, immigration papers, and documents and postcards from the T.S.S. Canberra, the ship she sailed over on. My mother had never talked much about her life “before Canada” and I became fascinated with finding out everything I could. The resulting research sparked an idea for a book, and my protagonist’s research into the past often mirrors my own, right down to the frustrating bits. T.S.S. Canberra postcard, c. 1950s. I’ve dedicated Past & Present to my mother, and the release date of September 21, 2018, falls exactly two years after her passing. I like to think she’s with my father again, watching over me as my journey continues. About Past & Present: Sometimes the past reaches out to the present… It’s been thirteen months since Calamity (Callie) Barnstable inherited a house in Marketville under the condition that she search for the person who murdered her mother thirty years earlier. She solves the mystery, but what next? Unemployment? Another nine-to-five job in Toronto? Callie decides to set down roots in Marketville, take the skills and knowledge she acquired over the past year, and start her own business: Past & Present Investigations. It’s not long before Callie and her new business partner, best friend Chantelle Marchand, get their first client: a woman who wants to find out everything she can about her grandmother, Anneliese Prei, and how she came to a “bad end” in 1956. It sounds like a perfect first assignment. Except for one thing: Anneliese’s past winds its way into Callie’s present, and not in a manner anyone—least of all Callie—could have predicted. About the author: Judy Penz Sheluk is the Amazon international bestselling author of the Glass Dolphin Mysteries and the Marketville Mysteries. Her short stories appear in several collections. Judy is also a member of Sisters in Crime International, International Thriller Writers, Inc., the South Simcoe Arts Council, the Short Mystery Fiction Society, and Crime Writers of Canada, where she serves on the Board of Directors, representing Toronto and Southwestern Ontario. Judy Penz Sheluk’s latest book in her Marketville Mystery series, ‘Past & Present’, is now available for pre-order on Amazon in trade paperback and on Kindle. Tagged book, collections, crime, Kindle, mysteries, mystery, paperback, protagonist, research, short stories, stories, thriller The Dark Web Blog Tour Author Interview As part of ‘The Dark Web‘ blog tour, I’d like to welcome Christopher Lowery to the blog. ‘The Dark Web‘ is the final part in ‘The African Diamonds Trilogy‘. My thanks to Christopher for taking the time to answer my questions. Tell us about your books. My first three books comprise The African Diamonds Trilogy, an adventure/thriller series, featuring a principal female protagonist, Jenny Bishop, and a number of other key characters who appear in more than one book. All of the stories have multiple plots and take place in many countries all over the world. The Angolan Clan begins in Portugal at the time of the 1974 ‘Revolution of the Carnations’, a bloodless overthrow of the fascist regime by the army, which was then hijacked by communists. This had devastating consequences for Portugal and its colonies, Angola, Mozambique etc, and led to bloody civil wars which lasted up to 25 years. An event occurs which creates a series of murders 40 years later. The Rwandan Hostage is based upon the genocide of one million Tutsis by the Hutus in 1994. A raped Tutsi girl dies while giving birth to a child. The consequences manifest themselves 15 years later, when a boy is abducted in Johannesburg. The Dark Web is the story of a political power play in the form of a devastating cyber-attack by a malicious, corrupt foreign power aimed at neighboring countries. A young computer scientist discovers the conspiracy and risks his life to prevent it and avoid a global conflict. What inspired them? All the stories are based upon my own life and career experiences and those of my family over the last 40 years and are semi-autobiographical/historical/factual. Together we have lived through a number of world-changing events in many countries around the world. What do you like most about writing? Creating fictional stories from factual and often personally witnessed events. Extensive research to refresh/enhance personal knowledge. What do you dislike (if anything)? Typing. Do you find time to read? If so what are you reading at the moment? I read very few modern books and still enjoy reading old ones. Wilkie Collins, Frederick Forsythe, JRR Tolkien, Tom Clancy, Neville Shute, Ken Follett, H Rider Haggard, John Buchan, PG Wodehouse. My life and my imagination. What is the favourite scene, character and story you’ve written? In The Angolan Clan; at the diamond mine when Olivier and friends turn the tables on Gomez and his army bodyguards. Lord Arthur Dudley, from The Rwandan Hostage, a brilliant, amoral, ruthless, but likeable villain. I think The Angolan Clan is a successful example of twin stories, which finally converge at the climax. The Mosul Legacy, about the retaking of Mosul by the coalition forces in 2016. Again a twin story contrasting the comparative ease with which terrorists can cross the Schengen Zone to commit atrocities in Western Europe and the dreadful obstacles and dangers facing innocent refugees seeking peace and safety. My daughter, Kerry-Jane: ‘Make your books shorter.’ Are you a plotter or a pantser? I’m a jigsaw builder. I envisage the overall picture/plot, then I let my characters find the pieces to complete it. Ensure you have another means of earning a living. When Matthew Smith, at Urbane Publications agreed to publish The Angolan Clan. About ‘The Dark Web‘ The tentacles of the Dark Web are tightening their grip around the world. From Moscow to Shanghai, Washington, UK, the Middle East and Europe, nowhere is beyond their reach. When a computer scientist dies mysteriously in Dubai, Jenny Bishop’s nephew, Leo Stewart, is hired to replace him. Leo’s life is soon in danger, but he is the only person who can find the key to prevent an impending global cyber-attack. With the help of Jenny and old and new friends, he must neutralise the threat before the world’s vital services are brought to a halt in a flagrant attempt to once again redraw the borders of Europe and Asia. Can the deadly conspiracy be exposed before the world is thrust into a new Cold War? Christopher Lowery delivers a gripping final chapter in the bestselling African Diamonds trilogy, with a thriller that is powerfully resonant of today’s global dangers, hidden behind the ever-changing technological landscape. The perfect read for fans of Gerald Seymour, Wilbur Smith and Frederick Forsyth. Posted in Blog Tour, Books, Writing Tagged book, Books, characters, countries, Dubai, event, fictional, imagination, middle east, novel, novels, plot, plots, protagonist, research, series, stories, thriller, trilogy Don’t Quit the Day Job: Jane Risdon Today my longtime online friend, Jane Risdon is here to share her interesting experiences with us. Thanks Jane, I’ve really enjoyed having you on the blog again. We don’t know what we know, until we sit and think By Jane Risdon Write what you know. That’s what we writers are advised. But, you have to wonder where that leaves crime writers – commit a murder, a robbery, a sting and then you know what you are writing about perhaps? Who is going to admit to having a day job involving murder? Yet our lives and experiences do influence our writing, it has to. How has my ‘day job’ influenced my writing? I no longer have a ‘day job’ unless you count writing, but I have had two careers both of which greatly influenced my writing. Firstly I worked for government departments and that gave me some insight into the workings of the world of foreign embassies and how our government operates overseas. It spiked my interest in all things espionage in that I worked for a department whose staff were employed in embassies and were not always what they appeared to be, given their job titles. Great fodder for a fertile imagination. A great deal of my writing, about crime and organised crime, has been influenced by my time working in that environment. It sparked an interest which I continue to feed by reading all I can about the murky world of the secret security services, organised crime and all it entails. Many of my crime stories have elements of covert operations and possible Mafia connections running through them, including my series – Ms Birdsong Investigates. Although I can’t be specific about anything I knew from back then, I can play with the facts and indulge in a great deal of poetic licence. My second and longest career has been in the international music business, working mainly in Hollywood, Europe and in S. E. Asia. There is nothing like power and money to bring out the worst in people – as we are discovering now with all the sex scandals detailed in the press. Many of my stories have musical elements and are also mixed with organised crime or espionage as I mentioned. I suggest some research and reading if anyone is interested in how the music business and movie business might possibly have anything to do with organised crime. Mixing with the ‘movers and shakers’ in this business has been an amazing experience and, I must admit, it all came as a bit of a shock to me when first working at that level in Hollywood. Nothing in your face of course, all hinted at; I was directed to ‘gen-up’ on who I was working with and was recommended some well-known books to read. All filed away for future reference and as background for my growing interest in being a crime writer. Which I now delve into when necessary. Yet, crime is not all I’ve found myself writing. My latest co-authored novel with Christina Jones, Only One Woman, is anything but crime. It is a love triangle set in the late 1960’s UK music scene, and my experiences married to a musician and being involved in music all my life, has been a fabulous resource for writing this book. My day jobs back then have given me access to experiences and memories so vivid it has been like writing about something that happened yesterday at times. Total recall provides me with so much to be thankful for as a writer. Writing what you know. It’s great advice. Sometimes we don’t know what we know, until we sit down and think. You can find Jane on Facebook, Goodreads, Twitter and her blog. ‘Only One Woman‘ also has its own Facebook page and blog. There is also a playlist to listen to while you listen to ‘Only One Woman‘. Posted in Don't Quit the Day Job, Writing Tagged author, authored, authors, book, Books, careers, crime, day job, imagination, job, memories, Music, musician, poetic, read, reader, readers, reading, research, stories, write, writer, writers, writes, writing	cc/2019-30/en_head_0039.json.gz/line715
__label__cc	0.562206	0.437794	Car's Engine essays 42 results found, view free essays on page: Your Engine And Turbo Turbo or Nitrous As you are driving, you see many cars going over the speed limit. Many of the drivers are into racing and modifying their cars. In most cars there are two major modifications that can be done, they are; turbo kit, or a nitrous kit. Both increase horsepower dramatically, but one is instant and the other goes into effect after a certain rpm. Turbo, is a turbine that is connected to your engines air intake that spins to create explosive power at high rpm's. This is something that w... Hybrid Car With Parallel Configurations Hybrid Cars (What is a Hybrid Car?) There are two configurations for hybrid cars. The first configuration uses gasoline engine to run a generator. The generator supplies electricity to the motor, which drives the wheels, which allows the gasoline engine to run constantly while achieving optimum fuel efficiency. This thereby minimizes emissions owing to incomplete combustion. A hybrid car with parallel configurations uses both an engine and a motor to drive the wheels depending on driving conditi... Motor Car Engines History of Cars By Kenny Carroll Motor car, road vehicle which first appeared in the 19th Century. The steam propelled the first cars, but such vehicles were not a success and the age of the motor car really dates from the introduction of the petrol-driven horseless carriages of Gottfried Daimler and Karl Benz (1885-86). The internal combustion engine for these cars had been developed earlier by several engineers, most notably by the German, Nickolas Otto, in 1876. The main components of a motor... First Generation Mitsubishi Eclipse The Evolution of the Mitsubishi Eclipse The Mitsubishi Eclipse has retained its public appeal because of significant marketing-influenced changes it has undergone in its eleven-year history. There are currently three (some say there are four) generations of this car, and by looking at the first and then the third generations, one would never make the connection. The car has maintained many of its fundamental concepts and taken on several new ones. Every time that a new model is introduced, the i... Standard Features Of A Car Volvo the Collectable Classic In this article it stated that when Volvo was introduced to the states in 1956. The PV 444, was the first US bound automobile ever. The car had resembled a smaller version of the 1946 Ford Tutor. The car featured a two piece windshield, small engine, and all of the standard features of a car of it's time. About three years later Volvo came out with a better version of the car, the PV 544. That was the car that gave Volvo it's reputation for Swedish Quality. This car... Reciprocating Internal Combustion Engine Engine at Work Have you ever wondered how a car's engine works Most of today's automobile engines run on gasoline, which is also known as an internal combustion engine. Many factors are involved in getting an engine to run properly spark plug, valves, piston, piston rings, combustion chamber, connecting rod, crankshaft, and oil sump. A car's engine can be one of the most complicated mechanisms a person can own and yet it's one of the easiest to use (Romans 104). As Fullerton quoted, The purpose ... Test Pontiac's New Cars Glory Days, When Horsepower and Passion Ruled Detroit The book Glory Days, When Horsepower and Passion Ruled Detroit by Jim Wangers is a comprehensive look at Pontiac Motor Division in its heyday through the eyes of its chief advertiser. The rise and fall of the pop culture fad of muscle cars at Pontiac and its fall during the early 1970's is explained in this book from a man who played a large part in Pontiac's success. There are many candid stories and little known facts presented by the autho... High Speed Car The intricacies that are involved in turning a regular car into a "Street Racer" are many; and racers pour their souls into these magnificent machines. After seeing "the Fast and the Furious" many people have or wanted to become involved in street racing. They do not realize that this is a sport that takes knowledge, hard work, and nerve. Many of these racers have spent their lives under a car, learning the trade and improving upon it. As I have learned, this is not just a hobby; it is a way of ... Muscle Car Enthusiasts And Import Import vs. Domestic Muscle cars have always been a big in the United States such as the Ford Mustang, Chevrolet Camaro, and Chevrolet Corvette. These cars are some of the most popular cars for the past 25 or more years, but over the past 10 years, Japanese cars are becoming more and more popular. Many people who are into muscle cars despise these "imports" and people who are into these imports have the same feelings toward muscle cars. These two types of car lovers have a strong dislike for each... 1966 Impala Fuel Cost The 1966 Impala vs. 1996 Impala SS It is hard to believe how the Impala has changed over the last thirty years. It went from a step up from an average car to what it is now, a full size luxury car with all of the options. Chevrolet built the Impala in 1966 with very little standard options. It came with a bench seat, AM Radio, lap safety belts, 283 cubic inch V-8, and manual transmission. They did not construct the car with any form of emission system. The federal government did not require car ... McClaren F 1 English McClaren F 1 Do you want the fastest street legal car in the world? Well then you need to get a McClaren F 1. This car will cost you an arm and a leg, but it is defiantly worth the money. If you like high speeds and great looks you will love the McClaren F 1. The McClaren F 1 has very incredible speeds and performance. The McClaren F 1 can go the amazing speed of 226 miles per hour. Going this great speed must be the greatest rush in the world. You might as well race a drag car because t... Cars For Hydrocarbon Pollution Death of a Planet Air pollution is a very big problem in the United States. A large part of air pollution comes from cars. The Environmental Protection Agency says,' The most polluting activity an average person does everyday is drive their car' (1 fact sheet OMS-5). Most people probably aren't aware that they are polluting the environment. Maybe if everyone knew how serious this pollution problem is, they would find ways to reduce the pollution. Most pollution that is released by cars comes fro... Industrial Revolution The Steam Engine How Global Warming Relates to the Industrial Revolution Global Warming relates back to the Industrial Revolution in many ways. During the Industrial Revolution many new inventions were made that would make life easier for people back then and also in the future. One of the inventions was the steam engine which later lead to the combustion engine that is put in cars, boats, and trains. Global Warming ties in with my subject of Heat Sources because for the steam engine coal was used to produce the... Turbochargers For Common Import Cars HOW DO YOU MAKE THE ULTIMATE IMPORT CAR Have you seen those fixed up import cars driving down the street, and wondered what the owner did to make it look so fascinating If you don t know, now is the perfect opportunity to find out. How do you make the extreme import car The ultimate import car is based on two things, looks and speed. When people enhance the look of their cars, they want it to look unique. As for the engine, most people intensify the engine to its maximum capability. Keep in mind... 2 Cycle Engines Fire Ryan Polos English 101 The Technology Of A Snowmobile Engine If you study and look at the history of a snowmobile engine, it has improved in many ways. I feel they have improved in two major ways. Number one being in performance, and number two theyre more environmentally safe. In order for you to understand how this has happened, I will explain to you the engine of a snowmobile. A snowmobile engine is called a 2-cycle engine. This means unlike a 4-cycle which you would find in a car, 2-cycle en... Better Internal Combustion Engine Automotive History Why is it called an automobile Or now a car Why isn't it called anything else Oliver Evens applied for a U.S. patent in Philadelphia in 1792 on a steam land carriage, which he called the "oruktor amphibolous". We could of been stuck with that name if it wasn't for more reasonable people working on the same concept. George B. Selden, an attorney in Rochester, New York, applied for a patent for a " road machine" and got it. He was the first to get the patent. Shocking Developmen... Cars Trucks And Sports Cars EVOLUTION OF AUTOMOTIVE TRANSPORTATION In my research paper I am going to tell you how the first automobile and the evolution of the automobile helped the United States be able to expand as rapidly as it did with the help of the automobile and its many uses. With the invention of the automobile came a new sense of freedom. The automobile has been a force that has helped to set the course for the future. In the year 1903 a man named Henry Ford invented the first gas powered combustion engine. Wit... Sound An Import 4 Cylinder Car Since I was a young boy I have had many interests, mostly in sports. But one thing always stood out as being very interesting. My parents would always find me watching racing or car building on TV. Cars have always been a topic I've picked for papers and projects because I have a great knowledge of them I was always overcome by this potent odor of motor oil and grease, but for some reason I became used to this smell, whereas most people would be sickened by it. After I started to read car repair... Engines Output The engine tested was a Crossley Gas Engine, which when tested had a power output of 3.993 kW in comparison to this a typical petrol engine would have an output of approximately 70 kW and a tractor unit (used to pull an articulated lorry) would have an output 250 kW. As can be seen this is a large difference in power output however many factors must be observed to see why this is the outcome. Such factors which effect this is that the Crossley gas engine is an old single cylinder engine which an... Types Of Internal Combustion Engines All Things Need To Move Whether Human sAll Things Need To Move Whether Humans Or Machines All humans and machines need to move. They need something to make them move like an engine. For humans, the engine for humans is the heart. The heart connects to other parts of the body to animate it. The engine in machines connects to other parts of the car, motorcycle, washing machine to make it move. There are many different kinds of engines. There are steam engines, turbine engines, and internal combust...	cc/2019-30/en_head_0039.json.gz/line716
__label__wiki	0.919587	0.919587	'Tusk Tower' good for leaders, not staff Tusk Tower named by reference to Trump Tower in New York (Photo: Consilium) By Eric Maurice BRUSSELS, 10. Mar 2017, 15:41 There was, of course, the re-election of Donald Tusk as European Council president and the unprecedented Polish attempt to block the adoption of the meeting conclusions. But for many, the real interest of this week's EU summit in Brussels was the new Europa building, where heads of state and government met for the first time. Kindergarten colours meant to keep people awake, one leader said (Photo: Consilium) As an indication of the excitement around the cube-shaped building, many diplomats and journalists have started to call it "Tusk Tower", in reference to the Trump Tower in New York. For leaders, the first experience of it was a seemingly endless red carpet from their car to the press waiting for "doorsteps", the short statements many of them give when arriving or leaving the summit. Most of them walked down the carpet their eyes looking up to the giant atrium and the "lantern", which holds the meeting rooms. Upstairs on the third floor, they discovered the meeting room itself, its floor and the ceiling covered with multicoloured wool carpet. In the middle of the large oval table, council services had added plants to hide the cameras. "Most of them liked it, even if some of them joked that it looks like a kindergarten," an EU diplomat who was in the room with EU leaders told EUobserver. Lithuanian president Dalia Grybauskaite tweeted about the "screaming colours" made to "keep everyone awake" and compared the building to a "space egg". Later on Thursday, they inaugurated the dining room on the 11th floor, where light streams in through a skylight. Despite the acrimonious debates, the first summit in the new premises "worked better than many had feared", the diplomat said. Diplomats based in Brussels, working in the Europa building since January, had been pessimistic, many still pointing to the building's shortcomings. "It's a mess," a member state source had said earlier this week, describing labyrinthine corridors and walls being knocked down at the last minute. "The last two months were terrible," another source said, referring to the minister's meetings that had taken place. "There is not enough space. The corridors, the doors, the elevators are too small. I wrote to my capital to warn them about possible problems at the summit." A third official working there regularly said that the rooms where ministers aides can listen to discussions were too small, with not enough seats. Diplomats and staff also complained that going from the Europa, where leaders meet, to the old Justus Lipsius next to it, where journalists are still working, was not really practical. Some council staff were less negative. "People are always unhappy when there is a change", one of them said. He said that only one wall had been knocked down, to enlarge a door. He also pointed out that part of the building surrounding the lantern is an old listed building which blocks any alteration of the facade, entrances or main corridors. Council officials also insisted that the new building was, above all, made for leaders, so they can work in a quieter atmosphere, around a smaller table, where they can see and hear each other without screens or microphones. "The atmosphere was very optimistic … at least for me", Tusk quipped after his reelection at the summit. Germany's Angela Merkel, in her understated style, noted that "the atmosphere in the new room was different than in past". EU leaders to get warmth and colour Propelling the construction revolution with silicones 7. Dec 2016, 20:28 EU leaders are being offered warmth and colour in a time of political uncertainty. You might be surprised at how crucial silicones are for the construction sector. Finland rejects call to end sponsorship of EU presidency Appalled over Coca-Cola sponsoring the recent Romanian EU presidency, MEPs have asked Finland, the new holders of the rotating post, to put an end to such practices. But Helsinki, whose presidency is sponsored by BMW, has no such plan. EU commission has first-ever woman president Ursula von der Leyen on Tuesday obtained a narrow majority of support in the European Parliament to become the first-ever female president of the European Commission. Von der Leyen's final appeal to secure top EU post European Commission presidential-hopeful Ursula von Der Leyen delivered her key appeal in the European Parliament to secure the post. Her appeal appeared to appease most of the political groups - but a lack of specifics, and opposition from Greens remain. Poland's ex-PM loses EU parliament chair again Poland's former prime minister, Beata Szydlo, has cried foul after failing to get an EP committee chair a second time, in a fiasco which could spell trouble for the European Commission presidency vote on Tuesday. The changing of the guards in the EU in 2019 18. Mar, 07:50 The four most powerful EU institutions - Commission, Parliament, Council and Central Bank will all have new leaders in the coming ten months. Here is an overview. Explained: What is the European Parliament? 4. Mar, 11:33 While domestic political parties often use the European Parliament as a dumping ground for unwanted politicians - and a majority of citizens don't bother to vote - the parliament, over the years, has become a dominant force in the EU.	cc/2019-30/en_head_0039.json.gz/line717
__label__wiki	0.883082	0.883082	User-Generated Content in Education/YouTube < User-Generated Content in Education User-Generated Content in Education 21st Century Physics ·· CK-12 Flexbooks ·· FreeReading.net ·· Curriki & Portals ·· PA's SAS Portal ·· Wikibook Textbooks ·· Wikipedia ·· YouTube & TeacherTube ·· Learning by Creating ·· The Internet Archive ·· Open Educational Resources ·· User-Generated Music ·· App Stores ·· iTunes University ·· Image Content YouTube and Teacher Tube in EducationEdit In 2005, three employees of PayPal, Chad Hurley, Jawed Karim, and Steve Chen, founded the website [YouTube] so that people could upload and share videos. In November 2005, Sequoia Capital gave 3.5 million dollars in funding to YouTube and from there it was officially launched. In April 2006, Sequoia and Artis Capital contributed an additional 8 million dollars to the rapidly growing company. [1]. Within one year of the funding, YouTube was purchased by Google Inc. for 1.65 billion dollars. [2]. At the completion of the sale, Sequoia Capital’s Google shares were estimated at more than $442 million, Chad Hurley’s were estimated at $345 million, Steve Chen’s at more than $326 million, Artis Capital's shares were at more than $83 million, and Jawed Karim’s at more than $64 million. [3] Early Headquarters in San Mateo A lawsuit was brought up against YouTube and Google in March 2007 by Viacom, who claimed that “we must turn to the courts to prevent Google and YouTube from continuing to steal value from artists and to obtain compensation for the significant damage they have caused.” After this event, more than 100,000 videos had to be removed. However, YouTube continued to grow and released versions in many different languages, including Spanish, French, and Japanese. [4]. On March 6, 2007, TeacherTube was officially launched with the purpose of sharing instructional videos to the online community. Jason Smith was a 14-year veteran teacher, coach, and administrator who came up with the idea for this site. It provides the opportunity for teachers to teach students, as well as other teachers, concepts or skills. [5]. Most importantly, TeacherTube community members are a major part of the evolution of the site. Members are encouraged to not only upload educationally relevant videos, but also to make constructive comments and use the rating system to show appreciation for videos of value to one as an educator or learner. [6] Historical factsEdit The domain name YouTube.com is registered on February 15, 2005.[7]. The first YouTube video is posted on April 23, 2005.[8]. By March 6, 2006, YouTube has 25 million clips, with 20,000 clips being uploaded each day.[9]. YouTube is named Time Magazines' Invention of the Year in 2006.[10]. PC World Magazine named YouTube the 9th of the Top 10 Best Products of 2006.[11]. Today, YouTube reaches over 1 Billion views per day.[12]. TeacherTube was launched on March 6, 2007. [13] By 2008, TeacherTube has over 26,000 educational videos. [14] FeaturesEdit YouTube is available in 24 different countries. It is available in more than 30 different languages. [15]. Both sites are free to use and watch videos. Users are able to flag any videos that they feel are inappropriate, which are then reviewed by the staff, and removed if necessary. TeacherTube offers many great resources for teachers. It also encourages members to upload videos of educational content and worth, to leave comments, and use the rating system for uploaded videos. Teachers can create a digital portfolio to share lesson plans with colleagues all over the world, thus creating a sense of community in education. [16]. YouTube GuidelinesEdit Respect the YouTube Community. Be Responsible. Don't Cross the Line--Be very aware of what you post. Free Speech is encouraged, but do not permit attacks. Do not post misleading information. Follow Copyright Laws. PrivacyEdit Copyright means that when a person creates an original work of authorship, it is protected by law. Original work can be anything that can be read, heard, and/or seen. A person’s work is protected as soon as it is “created and fixed in a tangible form.” Original work can be either published or not published and still be protected by law.[1] Creative Commons (CC) is a website that promotes collaboration among the general public and creators. This site allows the general public access to work created by others. People are given the right to use or modify the works of originial authors. There are six CC licenses. These licenses will let authors decide what others can do with their original work.[18]. YouTube takes copyright very seriously. They have established a new technology for copyright holders. It is called Content ID. This is a set of tools that helps people who upload videos to YouTube be able to find their content and allows them to decide what they want to do when they find it. These users may block it, leave it up, or make money from it. If a user believes that a video posted on YouTube is violating their copyright, they may flag the video and select "infringes my copyright" from the list of options provided. This information will then be reviewed by the YouTube board. [19]. BenefitsEdit There are many benefits of using YouTube and TeacherTube. Here is a list of some of those benefits: 1. It is Free to use 2. It is user friendly 3. View any video tutorial on any subject 4. Share videos globally 5. Express one’s creativity 6. One can become famous 7. Hidden talents are found 8. Videos are a powerful teaching tool 9. Stay current on any subject 10. Don’t need expensive equipment Educational ImpactEdit Both YouTube and TeacherTube provide educational lectures and instructional videos that teaches new information to the learner or reinforces material that has already been learned. Both sites contain numerous student projects, experiments, and professional development clips even for the teachers. Several colleges, such as the University of California Berkeley and Vanderbilt, have partnered with YouTube to provide the schools with channels for lectures and interactive web-sites. The video-clips allow students to explore the topic beyond the assignment. [20] Being able to share so much information with others who are so far away can change the role of teachers and students in the future. With this valuable tool, students are able to explore, problem-solve, foster debates, and think critically. Teacher Tube contains a teaching resources page. Individuals can upload video, documents, audio, and photos. The Teacher Vision section contains lesson pland, printables and more. These resources are organized by subject, grade, and theme. [21] CriticismsEdit Some YouTube users are breaking the copyright law. It seems that users are uploading videos that they did not make and claiming as their own. Others are posting videos that may be offensive and not socially correct. There are also mature videos and videos with violence in them that are not suitable for young children. Kids also have free rein to watch any video of their choice.[3] Users have the ability to preserve the integrity of the site by flagging inappropriate videos. TeacherTube staff review flagged sites and will remove any inappropriate posts. With more collegial commentary and discussion through messaging and responses, the quality of this resource will only increase. [4] Tosh.OEdit YouTube has been a hot topic in the news since its creation. However, on June 4, 2009 YouTube made its debut on Comedy Central in a show called Tosh.O. In its first season it recorded a startling one million viewers per episode. It was noted that by 2010, this show has had up to 2.7 million viewers per episode. This hit-TV show focused on the viral videos that are watched on YouTube. The host, Daniel Tosh, then uses comical language and discusses the videos on the spot to his viewers. There is also a section of each episode known as "Web Redemption" where they invite a person (from a viral video) onto the TV show to defend or explain their actions that were captured on the YouTube video. Daniel Tosh realized the popularity and opportunities that YouTube possessed, created this TV show, and is now extremely successful and profitable.[22] http://www.SchoolTube.com is a site that allows parents to enter the classroom when they are unable to attend in person. The student-created content on this site is approved by registered teachers and is safe to share across the US. http://www.HotChalk.com is another K-12 site for teachers to collaborate with other teachers and students. It allows students to e-mail assignments to teachers and lets parents log in to check on their child’s grades and progress. http://creativecommons.org/about/licenses/ is informaiton on the six CC licenses ↑ http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/History_of_YouTube accessed March 1, 2011 ↑ http://www.crunchbase.com/company/youtube accessed March 3, 2010 ↑ http://logicbank.com/2007/02/09/google-sec-filing-reveals-youtube-investors-win-big/ accessed March 1, 2011 ↑ http://teachertube.com/staticPage.php?pg=about accessed March 3, 2010 ↑ http://www1.teachertube.com/staticPage.php?pg=about accessed March 6, 2011 ↑ http://mediatedcultures.net/ksudigg/?p=108 accessed March 3, 2010 ↑ http://www.pcworld.com/article/125706-2/the_100_best_products_of_2006.html accessed March 1, 2011 ↑ http://www.youtube.com/t/faqt accessed March 1, 2011 ↑ http://www.youtube.com/t/community_guidelines.html accessed March 1, 2011 ↑ http://creativecommons.org/accessed March 1, 2011 ↑ http://www.youtube.com/t/faq accessed March 1, 2011 ↑ http://www.convergemag.com/edtech/Is-Education-Ready-For-YouTube.html accessed March 3, 2010 ↑ http://www1.teachertube.com/teachervision.php accessed March 6, 2011 ↑ http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tosh.0 http://teachertube.com/staticPage.php?pg=about accessed March 3, 2010 http://www.crunchbase.com/company/youtube accessed March 3, 2010 http://www.convergemag.com/edtech/Is-Education-Ready-For-YouTube.html accessed March 3, 2010 http://mediatedcultures.net/ksudigg/?p=108 accessed March 3, 2010 http://www.copyright.gov/ accessed March 3, 2010 http://creativecommons.org/ accessed March 3, 2010 http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Criticism_of_YouTube accessed March 3, 2010 http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tosh.0 accessed March 2, 2011 Further ReadingsEdit http://www.copyright.gov/fls/fl102.html - Fair use for education http://www.archive.org/details/KarlFogel_chalktalk Karl Fogel presents the hisory of Copyright (2006) http://www.youtube.com/t/privacy - youtube privacy clause http://www.teachertube.com/staticPage.php?pg=privacy - teachertube privacy clause http://www.oercommons.org/ - open educational resources http://www.time.com/time/magazine/article/0,9171,1569514,00.html - Time Magazine Article http://www.educause.edu/ELI/7ThingsYouShouldKnowAboutYouTu/156821 - Educase article http://portal.acm.org/citation.cfm?id=1940761.1940851 - Learning From YouTube article http://books.google.com/books?hl=en&lr=&id=spo9X16qn30C&oi=fnd&pg=PA173&dq=Youtube+in+education+&ots=rsSJw-nSHz&sig=vsqsZzI2znY3dDn7z5MQN7PbUKc#v=onepage&q=Youtube%20in%20education&f=false - Engaging the YouTube Google-eyed Generation article Retrieved from "https://en.wikibooks.org/w/index.php?title=User-Generated_Content_in_Education/YouTube&oldid=3557286"	cc/2019-30/en_head_0039.json.gz/line718
__label__wiki	0.926536	0.926536	Stephen Decatur For other people named Stephen Decatur, see Stephen Decatur (disambiguation). Stephen Decatur Jr. (1779-01-05)January 5, 1779 Sinepuxent, Maryland (now Berlin), Worcester County, Maryland, U.S. March 22, 1820(1820-03-22) (aged 41) Washington, D.C., U.S.[a] St. Peter's Churchyard, Philadelphia USS Argus USS Chesapeake USS United States USS President USS Constitution USS Guerriere Quasi-War First Barbary War Captured the Tripolian ketch, Mastico (1803) Battle of Tripoli Harbor (1804) USS United States vs. HMS Macedonian Capture of USS President Second Barbary War Battle off Cape Gata Battle off Cape Palos Congressional Gold Medal Susan Wheeler Board of Navy Commissioners Stephen Decatur Jr. (January 5, 1779 – March 22, 1820) was a United States naval officer and commodore. He was born on the eastern shore of Maryland in Worcester County, the son of a U.S. naval officer who served during the American Revolution. His father, Stephen Decatur Sr., was a commodore in the U.S. Navy, and brought the younger Stephen into the world of ships and sailing early on. Shortly after attending college, Decatur followed in his father's footsteps and joined the U.S. Navy at the age of nineteen as a midshipman.[1][2] Decatur supervised the construction of several U.S. naval vessels, one of which he later commanded. Promoted at age 25, he is the youngest man to reach the rank of captain in the history of the United States Navy.[3] He served under three presidents, and played a major role in the early development of the American navy. In almost every theater of operation, Decatur's service was characterized by acts of heroism and exceptional performance. His service in the Navy took him through both Barbary Wars in North Africa, the Quasi-War with France, and the War of 1812 with Britain. He was renowned for his natural ability to lead and for his genuine concern for the seamen under his command.[4] His numerous naval victories against Britain, France and the Barbary states established the United States Navy as a rising power. During this period he served aboard and commanded many naval vessels and ultimately became a member of the Board of Navy Commissioners. He built a large home in Washington, known as Decatur House, on Lafayette Square, and was the center of Washington society in the early 19th century.[5] He became an affluent member of Washington society and counted James Monroe and other Washington dignitaries among his personal friends.[6] Decatur's career came to an early end when he was killed in a duel with a rival officer.[7][8] Decatur emerged as a national hero in his own lifetime, becoming the first post-Revolutionary War hero. His name and legacy, like that of John Paul Jones, became identified with the United States Navy.[9][10] 2 Pre-commission 3 Quasi-War 4 First Barbary War 4.1 Burning of USS Philadelphia 4.2 Second attack on Tripoli 4.3 Command of USS Constitution 5 Marriage 6 Supervision of shipbuilding 7 Chesapeake–Leopard Affair 8 Command of USS Chesapeake 9 Command of USS United States 10 War of 1812 10.1 United States captures Macedonian 10.2 Blockade at New London 10.3 Command of USS President 11 Second Barbary War 11.1 Command of USS Guerriere 12 Domestic life 12.1 Home in Washington 12.2 Duel between Perry and Heath Decatur was born on January 5, 1779 in Sinepuxent, Maryland,[b] to Stephen Decatur Sr., a merchant captain and later an officer in the young American navy during the American Revolution, and his wife Ann (Pine) Decatur. The family of Decatur was of French descent on Stephen's father's side, while his mother's family was of Irish ancestry.[11] His parents had arrived from Philadelphia just three months before Stephen was born, having to flee that city during the American Revolution because of the British occupation. They later returned to the same residence they had once left for Philadelphia.[12] Decatur's family returned to Philadelphia shortly after Decatur's birth, and Decatur grew up in Philadelphia, eventually graduating from the Episcopal Academy.[13] Decatur came to love the sea and sailing in a roundabout manner. When Stephen was eight years old, he developed a severe case of whooping cough. In those days, a supposed tonic for this condition was exposure to the salt air of the sea. It was decided that Stephen Jr. would accompany his father aboard a merchant ship on his next voyage to Europe. Sailing across the Atlantic and back proved to be an effective remedy, and Decatur came home completely recovered. In the days following young Stephen's return he was jubilant about his adventure on the high sea and spoke of wanting to go sailing often. His parents had different aspirations, especially his mother who had hopes that Stephen would one day become an Episcopal clergyman, and tried to discourage the eight-year-old from such jaunty ambitions, fearing such would distract Stephen from his studies.[14][15] At the direction of his father, Decatur attended the Episcopal Academy,[16] at the time an all-boys school that specialized in Latin, mathematics and religion; however, Decatur had not applied himself adequately, and barely graduated from the academy. He then enrolled for one year at the University of Pennsylvania in 1795,[17] where he better applied himself and focused on his studies. At the university, Decatur met and became friends with Charles Stewart and Richard Somers, who would later become naval officers themselves.[18] Decatur found the classic studies prosaic and life at the university disagreeable, and at the age of 17, with his heart and mind set on ships and the sea, discontinued his studies there. Though his parents were not pleased with his decision, they were apparently wise enough to now let the aspiring young man pursue his own course through life.[19] Through his father's influence, Stephen gained employment at the shipbuilding firm of Gurney and Smith, business associates of his father, acting as supervisor to the early construction of the frigate United States.[20][21] He was serving on board this vessel as a midshipman when it was launched on May 10, 1797,[15] under the command of Commodore John Barry.[22] Pre-commission[edit] In the years leading up to the Quasi-War, an undeclared naval war with the revolutionary French Republic (France) involving disputes over U.S. trading and shipping with Britain, the U.S. Congress passed the 'Act to provide for a Naval Armament' on March 27, 1794. The act provided for the commissioning of six frigates for the Navy. It was promptly signed by George Washington that same day. There was much opposition to the bill, and it was amended and allowed to pass with the condition that work on the proposed ships would stop in the event that peace with the Pasha of Algiers was obtained.[23] Construction of the six new American frigates was progressing slowly when, because of a peace accord with Algiers in March 1796, work was halted. After some debate and at the insistence of President Washington, Congress passed an act on April 20, 1796, allowing the construction and funding to continue, but only on the three ships nearest to completion at the time: USS United States, USS Constellation and USS Constitution.[24] In 1798, John Barry obtained Decatur's appointment as midshipman on United States, under Barry's command. Barry was a veteran and hero of the Revolutionary War and was Decatur's good friend and mentor. Decatur accepted the appointment on May 1.[22] During his early naval career Decatur learned the arts of naval war under Barry, and also James Barron, both of whom took a liking to Decatur.[25] To ensure his son's success in his naval career, the senior Decatur hired a tutor, Talbot Hamilton, a former officer of the Royal Navy, to instruct his son in navigational and nautical sciences. While serving aboard United States Decatur received what was the equivalent to formal naval training not only from Hamilton but through active service aboard a commissioned ship, which is something that distinguished the young midshipman from many of his contemporaries.[26][27] He also had a talent for drawing ships and designing and building ship models and when time allowed would also pursue this hobby.[19][28] Quasi-War[edit] Main article: Quasi-War USS Constellation, the first U.S. Navy vessel put to sea Once the United States won its independence and no longer had the protection of Britain, it was faced with the task of protecting its own ships and interests. There were few American ships capable of defending the American coastline, much less of protecting merchant ships at sea and abroad.[29] The few warships that were available were converted into merchant ships. The French in particular were outraged that America was still involved in trading with Britain, a country with whom they were at war, and because of American refusal to pay a debt that was owed to the French crown, which had just been overthrown by the newly established French Republic. As a result, France began intercepting American ships that were involved in trading with Britain.[30][31] This provocation prompted President Adams to appoint Benjamin Stoddert as the first Secretary of the Navy. Stoddert immediately ordered his senior commanders to "subdue, seize and take any armed vessel or vessels sailing under the authority or pretense of authority, from the French Republic."[31] At this time, moreover, America was not even ranked with European naval forces.[32] On May 22, 1799, Decatur was promoted to lieutenant by President John Adams[33] after serving for more than a year as midshipman aboard the frigate United States. While United States was undergoing repairs Decatur received orders to remain in Philadelphia to recruit and assemble a crew for the vessel. While there, the chief mate of an Indiaman, using foul language, made several derogatory remarks about Decatur and the U.S. Navy, apparently because he had lost some of his crew to Decatur's recruiting efforts. Decatur remained calm and left the scene without further incident. When he related the matter to his father, however, Captain Decatur stressed that the honor of the family and of the Navy had been insulted and that his son should return and challenge the chief mate to a duel. Stephen's friend and shipmate, Lieutenant Somers, was sent ahead with a letter from Decatur asking if an apology could be obtained from the man. Refusing to apologize, the chief mate instead accepted Decatur's challenge and secured a location for the duel. Decatur, being an expert shot with a pistol, told his friend Lieutenant Charles Stewart that he believed his opponent not to be as able and he would thus endeavour to only wound his opponent in the hip, which is exactly how the duel turned out. The honor and courage of both duelists having been satisfied, the matter was resolved without a fatality.[34][35] By July 1, 1799, United States had been refitted and repaired and commenced its mission to patrol the south Atlantic coast and West Indies in search of French ships which were preying on American merchant vessels. After completing this mission the ship was taken to Norfolk, Virginia, for minor repairs and then set sail for Newport, Rhode Island, arriving on September 12. While the ship was berthed there, Commodore Barry received orders to prepare for a voyage to transport two U.S. envoys to Spain and on December 3 sailed on United States for Lisbon via England. During the crossing the ship encountered gale force winds, and at their insistence the two envoys were dropped off at the nearest port in England.[36] Upon returning home and arriving on the Delaware River on April 3, 1800, it was discovered that United States had incurred damage from the storms she had weathered at sea. Consequently, the vessel was taken up the Delaware to Chester, Pennsylvania, for repairs.[37] Not wanting to remain with United States during the months of repairs and outfitting, Decatur obtained a transfer to the brig USS Norfolk[38] under the command of Thomas Calvert. In May the Norfolk sailed to the West Indies to patrol its waters looking for French privateers and men-of-war. During the months that followed 25 armed enemy craft were captured or destroyed. With orders to rendezvous with merchantmen bound for America, Norfolk continued on to Cartagena (Colombia) with orders to escort the ships back to the United States, protecting them from pirates and privateers.[39] Decatur transferred back to United States by June 1800; with extra guns and sails and improved structure the refurbished ship made her way down the Delaware River. Aboard ship at this time were Decatur's former classmates Lieutenant Charles Stewart and Midshipman Richard Somers, along with Lieutenant James Barron.[40] Following the Quasi-War, the U.S. Navy underwent a significant reduction of active ships and officers; Decatur was one of the few selected to remain commissioned. By the time hostilities with France came to a close, America had a renewed appreciation for the value of a navy. By 1801 the American Navy consisted of 42 naval vessels, three of which were USS President, Constellation and USS Chesapeake.[41] First Barbary War[edit] Barbary Coast of North Africa The first war against the Barbary States was in response to the frequent piracy of American vessels in the Mediterranean Sea and the capture and enslavement of American crews for huge ransoms. President Jefferson, known for his aversion to standing armies and the navy, acted contrary to such sentiment and began his presidency by sending U.S. naval forces to fight the Barbary states rather than continue paying huge annual tributes to the petty North African kingdoms. On May 13, 1801, at the beginning of the war, Decatur was assigned duty aboard the frigate USS Essex to serve as the first lieutenant. Essex, bearing 32 guns, was commanded by William Bainbridge and was attached to Commodore Richard Dale's squadron[42] which also included USS Philadelphia, President and USS Enterprise. Departing for the Mediterranean on June 1, this squadron was the first American naval squadron to cross the Atlantic.[43] On July 1, after encountering and being forestalled by adverse winds, the squadron sailed into the Mediterranean with the mission to confront the Barbary pirates. Arriving at Gibraltar, Commodore Dale learned that Tripoli had already declared war upon the United States. At this time there were two Tripolitan warships of sizable consequence berthed in Gibraltar's harbour, but their captains claimed that they had no knowledge of the war. Dale assumed they were about to embark on the Atlantic to prey on American merchant ships. With orders to sail for Algiers, Tunis and Tripoli, Dale ordered that Philadelphia be left behind to guard the Tripolitan vessels.[44] In September 1802, Decatur transferred to the 36-gun frigate USS New York as 1st Lieutenant under Commodore James Barron. While en route to Tripoli the five-ship squadron to which New York was attached encountered gale-force winds, lasting more than a week, which forced the squadron to put up in Malta. While there Decatur and another American officer were involved in a personal confrontation with a British officer which resulted in Decatur returning to the United States. There he took temporary command of the newly built 18-gun brig USS Argus[45] which he sailed to Gibraltar, relinquishing command of the ship upon arrival to Lieutenant Isaac Hull. In exchange Decatur was given command of Enterprise, a 12-gun schooner.[46] On December 23, 1803, Enterprise and USS Constitution confronted the Tripolitan ketch Mastico sailing under Turkish colors, armed with only two guns and sailing without passports on her way to Constantinople from Tripoli. On board were a small number of Tripolitan soldiers. After a brief engagement Decatur and his crew captured the ship, killing or wounding the few men defending the vessel. After its capture the small ship was taken to Syracuse, condemned by Commodore Preble as a legitimate prize of war, and given a new name, USS Intrepid.[47] Burning of USS Philadelphia[edit] Grounding and capture of USS Philadelphia On October 31, 1803, Philadelphia, under the command of Commodore William Bainbridge, ran aground on an uncharted reef (known as Kaliusa reef) near Tripoli's harbor. After desperate and failed attempts to refloat the ship she was subsequently captured and her crew imprisoned by Tripolitan forces. In an elaborate plan put together by Lieutenant Decatur,[48] Decatur sailed for Tripoli with 80 volunteers (most of them being U.S. Marines) intending to enter the harbor with Intrepid without suspicion to board and set ablaze the frigate Philadelphia, denying its use to the corsairs. USS Syren,[c] commanded by Lieutenant Charles Stewart, accompanied Intrepid to provide supporting fire during and after the assault. Before entering the harbor eight sailors from Syren boarded Intrepid, including Thomas Macdonough who had recently served aboard Philadelphia and knew the ship's layout intimately.[50] Decatur established a close friendship with Macdonough and became his mentor during the course of their careers.[51] On February 16, 1804, at seven o'clock in the evening under the dim light of a waxing crescent moon, Intrepid slowly sailed into Tripoli harbor. Decatur's vessel was made to look like a common merchant ship from Malta and was outfitted with British colours. To further avoid suspicion, on board were five Sicilian volunteers including the pilot Salvatore Catalano, who spoke Arabic. The boarding party remained hidden below in position, prepared to board the captured Philadelphia. The men were divided into several groups, each assigned to secure given areas of the ship, with the additional explicit instruction of refraining from the use of firearms unless it proved absolutely necessary.[52] As Decatur's ship came closer to Philadelphia, Catalano called out to the harbor personnel in Arabic that their ship had lost its anchors during a recent storm and was seeking refuge at Tripoli for repairs.[53] By 9:30 p.m. Decatur's ship was within 200 yards of Philadelphia, whose lower yards were now resting on the deck with her foremast missing, as Bainbridge had ordered it cut away and had also jettisoned some of her guns in a futile effort to refloat the ship by lightening her load.[54] Burning of the USS Philadelphia by Edward Moran (1897) Intrepid depicted in foreground As Decatur approached the berthed Philadelphia he encountered a light wind that made his approach tedious. He had to casually position his ship close enough to Philadelphia to allow his men to board while not creating any suspicion. When the two vessels were finally close enough, Catalano obtained permission for Decatur to tie Intrepid to the captured Philadelphia. Decatur surprised the few Tripolitans on board when he shouted the order "board!", signaling to the hidden crew below to emerge and storm the captured ship.[55] Without losing a single man, Decatur and 60 of his men, dressed as Maltese sailors or Arab seamen and armed with swords and boarding pikes, boarded and reclaimed Philadelphia in less than 10 minutes, killing at least 20 of the Tripolitan crew, capturing one wounded crewman, and forcing the rest to flee by jumping overboard. Only one of Decatur's men was slightly wounded by a saber blade. There was hope that the small boarding crew could launch the captured ship, but the vessel was in no condition to set sail for the open sea. Decatur soon realized that the small Intrepid could not tow the larger and heavier warship out of the harbor. Commodore Preble's order to Decatur was to destroy the ship where she berthed as a last resort, if Philadelphia was unseaworthy. With the ship secure, Decatur's crew began placing combustibles about Philadelphia with orders to set her ablaze. After making sure the fire was large enough to sustain itself, Decatur ordered his men to abandon the ship and was the last man to leave Philadelphia.[56] As the flames intensified, the guns aboard Philadelphia, all loaded and ready for battle, became heated and began discharging, some firing into the town and shore batteries, while the ropes securing the ship burned off, allowing the vessel to drift into the rocks at the western entrance of the harbor.[57] While Intrepid was under fire from the Tripolitans who were now gathering along the shore and in small boats, the larger Syren was nearby providing covering fire at the Tripolitan shore batteries and gunboats. Decatur and his men left the burning vessel in Tripoli's harbor and set sail for the open sea, barely escaping in the confusion. With the cover of night helping to obscure the enemy gunfire, Intrepid and Syren made their way back to Syracuse, arriving February 18.[58][59] After learning of Decatur's daring capture and destruction of Philadelphia without suffering a single fatality, British Vice Admiral Lord Horatio Nelson, who at the time was blockading the French port at Toulon, claimed that it was "the most bold and daring act of the Age."[60][61] Decatur's daring and successful burning of Philadelphia made him an immediate national hero in the US.[49][62] Appreciation for the efforts of Preble and Decatur were not limited to their peers and countrymen. At Naples, Decatur was praised and dubbed "Terror of the Foe" by the local media. Upon hearing the news of their victory in Tripoli, Pope Pius VII publicly declared that "the United States, though in their infancy, had done more to humble and humiliate the anti-Christian barbarians on the African coast in one night than all the European states had done for a long period of time."[63] Upon his return to Syracuse, Decatur resumed command of Enterprise.[64] Second attack on Tripoli[edit] Main article: First Barbary War Decatur Boarding the Tripolitan Gunboat, by Dennis Malone Carter With the significant victory achieved with the burning of Philadelphia, Preble now had reason to believe that bringing Tripoli to peaceful terms was in sight. Preble planned another attack on Tripoli and amassed a squadron consisting of the frigate Constitution, the brigs Syren, Argus and Scourge, and the schooners Nautilus, Vixen and Enterprise, towing gunboats and ketches. For the coming attack Preble borrowed six gunboats from King Ferdinand I of the Two Sicilies who was also at war with Tripoli. Light vessels with shallow drafts were needed to make their way about in the shallow and confined waters of Tripoli's harbor.[d] Making their way into the west end of Tripoli harbor, they began bombarding Tripoli on August 3, 1804.[66][67] Preble divided his gunboats into two divisions, putting Decatur in command of the second division. At 1:30 Preble raised his signal flag to begin the attack on Tripoli. It was elaborate and well planned, brigs, schooners and bomb ketches coming into the attack at various stages.[68] The Tripolitan pasha, Murad Reis, was expecting the attack and had his own gunboats lined up and waiting at various locations within the harbor.[69][70] Throughout the month of August 1804 Preble used these gunboats to launch a series of furious attacks on Tripoli, forcing the residents to flee into the country-side. During this time Decatur in command of the gunboats captured three Tripolitan gunboats and sank three others.[67] The Tripolitans also inflicted considerable damage on some of the attacking vessels; Decatur's ship was struck with a 24-pound shot through her hull above the waterline. Before the battle ended USS John Adams, commanded by Isaac Chauncey, arrived on the scene. On board the vessel were official documents promoting Decatur to the rank of captain. John Adams also brought news that, upon the loss of the frigate Philadelphia, the government was sending four additional frigates, President, Congress, Constellation and Essex, to Tripoli with enough force to convince the Pasha of Tripoli that peace was his only viable alternative. Because Preble's rank was not high enough for this command John Adams also brought the news that he would have to surrender command to Commodore Barron.[71] The fighting between the squadrons and the bombarding of Tripoli lasted three hours, with Preble's squadrons emerging victorious.[72] However, success and promotion were overshadowed by an unfortunate turn of events for Decatur. During the fighting Decatur's younger brother, James Decatur, in command of a gunboat, was mortally wounded by a Tripolitan captain during the boarding of a vessel feigning surrender.[73][74] Midshipman Brown, who was next in command after James, managed to break away from the ambushing vessel and immediately approached Decatur's gunboat bringing the news of his brother's fatal injury. Decatur had just captured his first Tripolitan vessel and upon receiving the news turned command of his captured prize over to Lieutenant Jonathan Thorn and immediately set out to avenge his brother's treacherous injury.[75][76] After catching up with and pulling alongside the Tripolitan ship, Decatur was the first to board the enemy vessel with Midshipman Macdonough at his heels along with nine volunteer crew members. Decatur and his crew were outnumbered 5 to 1 but were organized and kept their form, fighting furiously side by side.[77] Decatur had little trouble singling out the corsair captain, the man responsible for James' mortal wound, and immediately engaged the man. He was a large and formidable man in Muslim garb, and armed with a boarding pike he thrust his weapon at Decatur's chest. Armed with a cutlass Decatur deflected the lunge, breaking his own weapon at the hilt.[78] During the fight Decatur was almost killed by another Tripolitan crew member, but his life was spared by the already wounded Daniel Frazier,[79][80][e] a crewman who threw himself over Decatur just in time, receiving a blow intended for Decatur to his own head. The struggle continued, with the Tripolitan captain, being larger and stronger than Decatur, gaining the upper hand. Armed with a dagger the Tripolitan attempted to stab Decatur in the heart, but while wrestling the arm of his adversary, Decatur managed to take hold of his pistol and fired a shot point-blank, immediately killing his formidable foe.[83] When the fighting was over, 21 Tripolitans were dead with only three taken alive.[84][85] Later James Decatur was taken aboard Constitution where he was joined by his brother Stephen, who stayed with him until he had died. The next day, after a funeral and military ceremony that was conducted by Preble, Stephen Decatur saw his brother's remains committed to the depths of the Mediterranean.[86] When a good number of days passed without the reinforcements of ships promised by president Jefferson, the attack on Tripoli was renewed by Preble on August 24. As the days passed, Tripoli showed no signs of surrender, which now prompted Preble to devise another plan. Intrepid, the same ship that captured Philadelphia, was loaded with barrels of gunpowder and other ordnance and sent sailing into a group of Tripolitan vessels defending the harbor. The attack on the harbor and Tripoli proved successful and ultimately caused the Bashaw of Tripoli to consider surrender and the return of American prisoners held captive, including Commodore Bainbridge of Philadelphia, who had been held prisoner since October 1803 when that ship was captured after running aground near Tripoli harbor. On June 4, 1805, the Bashaw of Tripoli finally surrendered and signed a peace treaty with the United States.[87] Command of USS Constitution[edit] Shortly after his recapture and destruction of Philadelphia, Decatur was given command of the frigate Constitution, a post he held from October 28 to November 9, 1804.[88][89] Upon the day of Decatur's return with Intrepid, Commodore Preble wrote to Secretary of the Navy Benjamin Stoddert recommending to President Jefferson that Decatur be promoted to captain. Decatur was promoted to captain with the date of rank February 16, 1804.[90] He was promoted to captain at the age twenty-five, largely for his daring capture and destruction of Philadelphia in Tripoli's harbor, making him the youngest man ever to hold the rank.[91][92][93] On September 10, 1804, Commodore Barron arrived at Tripoli with two ships, President and Constellation, whereupon Commodore Preble relinquished command of his blockading squadron to him. Before returning to the United States he sailed to Malta in Constitution on September 14, so it could be caulked and refitted. From there he sailed to Syracuse in Argus, where on September 24 he ordered Decatur to sail this vessel back to Malta to take command of Constitution. From here Decatur sailed Constitution back to Tripoli to join Constellation and Congress, the blockading force stationed there now under the command of Commodore Barron. On November 6, he relinquished command of Constitution to Commodore John Rodgers, his senior, in exchange for the smaller vessel Congress. In need of new sails and other repairs Rodgers sailed Constitution to Lisbon on November 27, where it remained for approximately six weeks.[94][95] Marriage[edit] On March 8, 1806, Decatur married Susan Wheeler, the daughter of Luke Wheeler, the mayor of Norfolk, Virginia. She was well known for her beauty and intelligence among Norfolk and Washington society. They had met at a dinner and ball held by the mayor for a Tunisian ambassador who was in the United States negotiating peace terms for his country's recent defeat at Tunis under the silent guns of John Rodgers and Decatur.[96][97] Before marrying Susan, Decatur had already vowed to serve in the U.S. Navy and maintained that to abandon his service to his country for personal reasons would make him unworthy of her hand. Susan was once pursued by Vice President Aaron Burr and Jérôme Bonaparte, brother to Napoleon, both of whom she turned down. For several months after their marriage the couple resided with Susan's parents in Norfolk, after which Stephen received orders sending him to Newport to supervise the building of gunboats.[98][99][100] The couple never had children during their fourteen years of marriage.[101] Supervision of shipbuilding[edit] In the spring of 1806, Decatur was given command of a squadron of gunboats stationed in the Chesapeake Bay at Norfolk, Virginia, the home of his future wife, Susan Wheeler. He had long requested such an assignment; however, one of his colleagues believed that his request was also motivated by a desire to be close to Wheeler. While stationed here Decatur took the opportunity to court Miss Wheeler, whom he would soon marry that year. After their marriage in March, Decatur lived with his wife's family in Norfolk until June when Secretary of the Navy Robert Smith gave him orders to supervise the building of four gunboats at Newport, Rhode Island, and four others in Connecticut of which he would later take command. Having drawn many illustrations of and designed and built many models of ships, along with having experience as a ship builder and designer from when he was employed at Gurney and Smith in 1797 while overseeing the construction of the frigate United States, Decatur was a natural choice for this new position. Decatur and his wife Susan lived together all through this period.[100][102][103] Chesapeake–Leopard Affair[edit] Main article: Chesapeake–Leopard Affair HMS Leopard engaging USS Chesapeake After overseeing the completion of gunboats, Decatur returned to Norfolk in March 1807 and was given command of the Naval Yard at Gosport. While commissioned there he received a letter from the residing British consul to turn over three deserters from the British ship Melampus who had enlisted in the American Navy through Lieutenant Arthur Sinclair, who was recruiting crew members for Chesapeake, which was at this time in Washington being outfitted for its coming voyage to the Mediterranean.[104][105] Since the recruiting party was not under the command of Decatur, he refused to intervene. Sinclair also declined to take any action, claiming that he did not have the authority or any such orders from a superior officer. The matter was then referred to the British minister at Washington, a Mr. Erskine, who in turn referred the matter to the Navy Department through Commodore Barron, demanding that the three deserters be surrendered to British authority. It was soon discovered that the deserters were Americans who were forcibly impressed into the British Navy, and since the existing American treaty with Britain only pertained to criminal fugitives of justice, not deserters in the military, Barron accordingly also refused to turn them over.[106] Soon thereafter Chesapeake left Norfolk, and after stopping briefly at Washington for further preparations, set sail for the Mediterranean on June 22. In little time she was pursued by HMS Leopard, which at the time was part of a British squadron in Lynnhaven Bay. Upon closing with Chesapeake, Barron was hailed by the captain of Leopard and informed and a demand from Vice-Admiral Humphreys that Chesapeake be searched for deserters. Barron found the demand extraordinary and when he refused to surrender any of his crew, Leopard soon opened fire on Chesapeake. Having just put to sea, Chesapeake was not prepared to do battle and was unable to return fire. Inside twenty minutes, three of her crew were killed and eighteen wounded. Barron struck the ship's colors[f] and surrendered his ship, whereupon she was boarded and the alleged deserters were taken into British custody. News of the incident soon reached President Jefferson, the Department of the Navy and Decatur, who was outraged was the one who was first confronted with the matter. The incident soon came to be referred to as the Chesapeake–Leopard Affair,[107][108][109] an event whose controversy would lead to a duel between Barron and Decatur some years later, as Decatur served on Barron's court-martial and later was one of the most outspoken critics of the questionable handling of Chesapeake.[110][111] Command of USS Chesapeake[edit] On June 26, 1807, Decatur was appointed to command Chesapeake, a 44-gun frigate, along with command of all gunboats at Norfolk.[112] Chesapeake had just returned to Norfolk after repairs to damage incurred during the Chesapeake–Leopard Affair. Commodore Barron had just been relieved of command following his court martial over the incident. Decatur was a member of that court martial, which had found Barron guilty of "unpreparedness", barring him from command for five years.[113] Consequently, Barron's previous orders to sail for the Mediterranean were canceled and Chesapeake was instead assigned to Commodore Decatur, with a squadron of gunboats, to patrol the New England coast enforcing the Embargo Act throughout 1809. Unable to command, Barron left the country for Copenhagen and remained there through the War of 1812.[114] Before Decatur assumed command of Chesapeake he learned from observers, and then informed the Navy Secretary, that the British ships HMS Bellona and HMS Triumph were lightening their ballasts to prepare for a blockade at Norfolk.[115] During this segment of his life, Decatur's father, Stephen Decatur Sr., died in November 1808 at the relatively young age of 57, with his mother's death following the next year. Both parents were buried at St. Peter's Church in Philadelphia.[116] Command of USS United States[edit] In May 1810 Decatur was appointed commander of United States, a heavy frigate with 44 guns. This was the same vessel that he supervised the building of while employed at Gurney and Smith, and the same ship, then under the command of John Barry, on which he had commenced his naval career as midshipman in 1798. The frigate had just been commissioned and was outfitted and supplied for service at sea. After taking command of United States, now the rallying point of the young American Navy, Decatur sailed to most of the naval ports on the eastern seaboard and was well received at each stop.[117][118] On May 21, 1811, he sailed United States from Norfolk along with USS Hornet on assignment to patrol the coast, returning to Norfolk on November 23 of that year. In 1812 he sailed with Argus and Congress but were soon recalled upon receiving news about the outbreak of war with Britain. There Decatur joined Captain John Rodgers, commander of President and his squadron. On this cruise Rodgers failed to accomplish his mission of intercepting the fleet of English West-Indiamen. On August 31, Decatur sailed United States to Boston. On October 8, he sailed a second cruise with Rodgers' squadron.[119] War of 1812[edit] Main article: War of 1812 Stephen Decatur by Alonzo Chappel The desire for expansion into the Northwest Territory, the capture and impressment of American citizens into the Royal Navy along with British alliance with and recruitment of American Indian tribes against America were all events that led into the War of 1812.[120] Intended to avoid war, the Embargo Act only compounded matters that led to war. Finally on June 18, 1812, the United States declared war on Great Britain.[121] By 1814 Britain had committed nearly 100 warships along the American coast and other points. Consequently, the war was fought mostly in the naval theater where Decatur and other naval officers played major roles in the success of the United States' efforts during this time.[122] Upon the onset of the war President James Madison ordered several naval vessels to be dispatched to patrol the American coastline. The U.S. flagship, President, Essex, the Hornet, were joined in lower New York harbor by United States commanded by Decatur, Congress, and Argus. Secretary of State James Monroe[g] had originally considered a plan that would simply use U.S. naval vessels as barriers guarding their entrances, but the unpopular plan never materialized.[123] Three days after the United States declared war against Britain, a squadron under the command of Commodore John Rodgers in President, along with Commodore Stephen Decatur of United States, Argus, Essex and Hornet, departed from the harbor at New York City.[124] As soon as Rodgers received news of the declaration of war, fearing that the order to confine naval ships to port would be reconsidered by Congress, he and his squadron departed New York bay within the hour. The squadron patrolled the waters off the American upper east coast until the end of August, their first objective being a British fleet reported to have recently departed from the West Indies.[125] United States captures Macedonian[edit] Main article: USS United States vs HMS Macedonian United States engaging Macedonian, by Thomas Birch Rodgers' squadron again sailed on October 8, 1812, this time from Boston, Massachusetts. Three days later, after capturing HMS Mandarin, Decatur separated from Rodgers and his squadron and with United States continued to cruise eastward. At dawn on October 25, five hundred miles south of the Azores, lookouts on board reported seeing a sail 12 miles to windward. As the ship slowly rose over the horizon, Captain Decatur made out the fine, familiar lines of HMS Macedonian, a British frigate bearing 38 guns.[126] Macedonian and United States had been berthed next to one another in 1810, in port at Norfolk, Virginia. The British captain John Carden bet a fur beaver hat that if the two ever met in battle, Macedonian would emerge victorious.[127] However, the engagement in a heavy swell proved otherwise as United States pounded [102] Macedonian into a dismasted wreck from long range. During the engagement Decatur was standing on a box of shot when he was knocked down almost unconscious when a flying splinter struck him in the chest. Wounded, he soon recovered and was on his feet in command again.[128] Because of the greater range of the guns aboard United States, Decatur and his crew got off seventy broadsides, with Macedonian only getting off thirty, and consequently emerged from the battle relatively unscathed.[129] Macedonian had no option but surrender, and thus was taken as a prize by Decatur. Eager to present the nation with a prize, Decatur and his crew spent two weeks repairing and refitting the captured British frigate to prepare it for its journey across the Atlantic to the United States.[130] Blockade at New London[edit] After undergoing routine repairs at New York, United States was part of a small squadron that included the newly captured USS Macedonian (formerly HMS Macedonian) and the sloop of war Hornet. On May 24, 1813, the squadron departed New York. On that same night United States was struck by lightning which shattered its main mast. By June 1, Decatur's squadron encountered a powerful British squadron on patrol and under the command of Sir Thomas Masterman Hardy. Hardy's squadron, which emerged from behind Montauk Point, consisted of the ships of the line HMS Ramillies and HMS Valiant along with the frigates HMS Acasta and HMS Orpheus. Realizing his only chance for escape was to set a course for New London, Decatur was forced to flee and take refuge at that port where they were blockaded until the end of the war.[131][132][133] Decatur attempted to sneak out of New London harbor at night in an effort to elude the British blockading squadron. On the evening of December 18, while attempting to leave the Thames River, Decatur saw blue lights burning near the mouth of the river in sight of the British blockaders. Decatur was furious, believing that various residents had set the signals to betray his plans. He abandoned the project and returned to New London. In a letter to the Navy Secretary, dated December 20, Decatur charged that traitors in the New London area were in collusion with the British to capture United States, Hornet and Macedonian. The allegations of treason soon became public, causing controversy and debate among New London residents and others over the matter. A congressional investigation was called while Decatur made efforts to discover who was responsible but was unsuccessful. Whether the signals were given by a British spy or an American citizen remains uncertain.[133] Democratic-Republicans (the then-future Democratic Party) immediately blamed the Federalists who were adamantly against the war from the beginning, and so here earned themselves the name "Blue-light Federalists".[134] Unable to get his squadron out of the harbor, Decatur decided to write a letter to Captain Thomas Hardy offering to negotiate a resolution of the situation at a prearranged meeting. He proposed that matched ships from either side meet and, in effect, have a duel, to settle their otherwise idle situation. The letter was sent under a flag of truce but was in violation of orders, as after the loss of Chesapeake, Navy Secretary Jones forbade commanders from "giving or receiving a Challenge, to or from, an Enemy's vessel." The next day Hardy gave answer to Decatur's proposal and agreed to have Statira engage Macedonian "as they are sister ships, carrying the same number of guns, and weight of metal." After further deliberation Decatur wanted assurance that Macedonian would not be recaptured should the ship emerge victorious, as he suspected it would be. After several communications it was ascertained that neither side could trust the other and so the proposal floundered, never coming to fruition.[135] Command of USS President[edit] Main article: Capture of USS President In May 1814, Decatur transferred his commodore's pennant to President, a frigate with 44 guns.[136] By December 1, 1814, Secretary of the Navy William Jones, a staunch proponent of coastal defense, appointed Decatur to lead a four-ship squadron comprising President, which would be the flagship of his new squadron, along with Hornet, a sloop bearing 20 guns, USS Peacock bearing 22 and USS Tom Bowline bearing 12 guns. In January 1815, Decatur's squadron was assigned a mission in the East Indies. However, the British had established a strict blockade in the squadron's port of New York, therefore restricting any cruises.[137] On January 14, a severe snowstorm developed, forcing the British squadron away from the coast, but by the next day the storm had subsided, allowing the British fleet to take up positions to the northwest in anticipation of the American fleet trying to escape. The next day President emerged from the west,[137] and Decatur attempted to break through the blockade alone in President and make for the appointed rendezvous at Tristan da Cunha, but encountered the British West Indies Squadron composed of razee HMS Majestic bearing 56 guns, under the command of Captain John Hayes, along with the frigates HMS Endymion, bearing 40 guns, commanded by Captain Henry Hope, HMS Pomone, bearing 38 guns, commanded by Captain John Richard Lumley, and HMS Tenedos, bearing 38 guns, commanded by Captain Hyde Parker.[138] Decatur had made arrangements for "pilot boats" to mark the way for clear passage out to sea, but due to a plotting error the pilot boats took up the wrong positions and consequently President was accidentally run aground.[139] After an hour upon the sandbar, with Decatur's ship procuring damage to the copper and pintles, the ship finally broke free. Decatur continued the attempt to evade his pursuers and set course along the southerly coast of Long Island. As Endymion was the fastest ship in the engagement, she was the only ship to catch up to and engage President. After a fierce fight lasting several hours, during which both ships were severely damaged (Endymion's headsails & President's hull), Decatur reluctantly surrendered to Endymion as there were four remaining British ships he would have to fight.[140] Decatur's command suffered 35 men killed and 70 wounded, including Decatur himself who was wounded by a large flying splinter.[139][141] Decatur lying wounded aboard President Endymion had sustained severe damage to the rigging, and her captain, Hope, decided to carry out repairs before tying up President. While this was happening Decatur made an attempt to escape.[140] Decatur's frigate was finally overtaken by Pomone. Unaware that Decatur had surrendered, and then tried to flee, Pomone fired two broadsides into President before they realized that the battle was over.[140] When boats from Pomone boarded President Decatur said "I surrender my sword to the captain of the black ship", a reference to Hope of HMS Endymion. After surrendering a second time, Decatur later claimed, "my ship crippled, and more than a four-fold force opposed to me, without a chance of escape left, I deemed it my duty to surrender." [140] Soon Majestic caught up with the British fleet. Decatur, now dressed in full dress uniform, boarded Majestic and surrendered his sword to Captain Hayes. Hayes in a gesture of admiration returned the sword to Decatur saying that he was "proud in returning the sword of an officer, who had defended his ship so nobly." Before taking possession of President, Hayes allowed Decatur to return to his ship to perform burial services for the officers and seamen who had died in the engagement. He was also allowed to write a letter to his wife.[142] Decatur along with surviving crew were taken prisoner and held captive in a Bermuda prison, arriving January 26, and were held there until February 1815. Upon arrival at the prison in Bermuda the British naval officers extended various courtesies and provisions that they felt were due to a man of Decatur's stature. The senior naval officer at the prison took the earliest opportunity to parole Decatur to New London, and on February 8, with news of the cessation of hostilities, Decatur traveled aboard HMS Narcissus (32), landing in New London on February 21.[143] On February 26, Decatur arrived in New York City, where he convalesced in a boarding house. At war's end Decatur received a sword as a reward and thanks from Congress for his service in Tripoli and was also awarded the Congressional Gold Medal for distinguished service in the War of 1812.[144] Second Barbary War[edit] Main article: Second Barbary War Decatur's squadron off Algiers, 1815 Now that war with Britain was over, the United States could concentrate on pressing matters in the Mediterranean, at Algiers. As had occurred during the First Barbary War American merchant ships and crews were once again being seized and held for large ransoms. On February 23, 1815, President Madison urged Congress to declare war. Congress approved the act but did not declare war against Algiers.[145] Madison had chosen Benjamin Williams Crowninshield as the new Secretary of the Navy, replacing William Jones.[146] Two squadrons were then assembled, one at New York, under the command of Stephen Decatur, and one at Boston, under the command of Commodore William Bainbridge. Decatur's squadron of ten ships was ready first and set sail for Algiers on May 20. At this time it was the largest US fleet ever assembled. Decatur was in command of the flagship USS Guerriere.[h] Aboard was William Shaler who had just been appointed by Madison as the consul-general for the Barbary States, acting as joint commissioner with Commodores Decatur and Bainbridge.[148] Shaler was in possession of a letter authorizing them to negotiate terms of peace with the Algerian government.[64] Because of Decatur's great successes in the War of 1812 and for his knowledge of and past experience at the Algerian port, Crowninshield chose him to command the lead ship in the naval squadron to Algiers.[147][149] The US was demanding the release of Americans held captive as slaves, an end of annual payments of tribute, and finally to procure favorable prize agreements.[150] Decatur was prepared to negotiate peace or resort to military measures. Eager to know the Bey's decision, Decatur dispatched the president's letter which ultimately prompted the Bey to abandon his practice of piracy and kidnapping and come to terms with the United States.[151] Command of USS Guerriere[edit] On May 20, 1815, Commodore Decatur received instructions from President James Madison to take command of the frigate Guerriere and lead a squadron of ten ships to the Mediterranean Sea to conduct the Second Barbary War, which would put an end to the international practice of paying tribute to the Barbary pirate states. His squadron arrived at Gibraltar on June 14.[152] Before committing himself to the Mediterranean, Decatur learned from the American consuls at Cadiz and Tangier of any squadrons passing by along the Atlantic coast or through the Strait of Gibraltar. To avoid making known the presence of an American squadron, Decatur did not enter the ports but instead dispatched a messenger in a small boat to communicate with the consuls.[153] He learned from observers there that a squadron under the command of the notorious Rais Hamidou had passed by into the Mediterranean, most likely off Cape Gata. Decatur's squadron arrived at Gibraltar on June 15, 1815. This attracted much attention and prompted the departure of several dispatch vessels to warn Hammida of the squadron's arrival. Decatur's visit was brief with the consul and lasted only for as long as it took to communicate with a short letter to the Secretary of the Navy informing him of earlier weather problems and that he was about to "proceed in search of the enemy forthwith", where he at once set off in search of Hamidou hoping to take him by surprise.[154][155] On June 17, while sailing in Guerriere for Algiers, Decatur's fleet encountered near Cape Palos the frigate Mashouda, commanded by Hamidou and the Algerian brig Estedio, which were also en route to Algeria. After overtaking the Mashouda, Decatur fired two broadsides, crippling the ship, killing 30 of the crew, including Hamidou himself, and taking more than 400 prisoners.[152] Lloyd's List reported that the Algerine frigate Mezoura, which had been under the command of the Algerine admiral, had arrived at Carthagena on June 20 as a prize to Decatur's squadron. The newspaper also reported that Decatur's squadron had run another Spanish frigate onshore near Carthagena.[156] Capturing the flagship of the Algerian fleet at the Battle off Cape Gata Decatur was able to secure sufficient levying power to bargain with the Dey of Algiers. Upon arrival, Decatur exhibited an early use of gunboat diplomacy on behalf of American interests as a reminder that this was the only alternative if the Dey decided to decline signing a treaty. Consequently, a new treaty was agreed upon within 48 hours of Decatur's arrival, confirming the success of his objectives.[157] After bringing the government in Algiers to terms, Decatur's squadron set sail to Tunis and Tripoli to demand reimbursement for proceeds withheld by those governments during the War of 1812. With a similar show of force exhibited at Algiers Decatur received all of his demands and promptly sailed home victorious. Upon his arrival Decatur boasted to the Secretary of the Navy that the settlement had "been dictated at the mouths of our cannon."[158][159] For this campaign, he became known as "the Conqueror of the Barbary Pirates".[160] Domestic life[edit] Stephen Decatur Home in Washington, DC After his victory in the Mediterranean over the Barbary states who had terrorized and enslaved Christian merchants for centuries, Decatur returned to the United States, arriving at New York on November 12, 1815, with the brig Enterprise, along with Bainbridge of Guerriere who arrived three days later. He was met with a wide reception from dignitaries and countrymen.[161] Among the more notable salutations was a letter Decatur received from the Secretary of State James Monroe that related the following tidings of appreciation: "I take much interest in informing you that the result of this expedition, so glorious to your country and honorable to yourself and the officers and men under your command, has been very satisfactory to the President."[162] The Secretary of the Navy, Benjamin W. Crowninshield, was equally gracious and thankful. Since a vacancy was about to occur in the board of Navy commissioners with the retirement of Commodore Isaac Hull, the Secretary was most anxious to offer the position to Decatur, which he gladly accepted. Upon his appointment Decatur made his journey to Washington, where he was again received with cordial receptions from various dignitaries and countrymen. He served on the Board of Navy Commissioners from 1816 to 1820. One of his more notable decisions as a commissioner involved his strong objection to the reinstatement of James Barron upon his return to the United States after being barred from command for five years for his questionable handling of the Chesapeake, an action that would soon lead to Barron challenging him to a duel.[163][164] During his tenure as a Commissioner, Decatur also became active in the Washington social scene. At a social gathering in April 1816, Decatur uttered an after-dinner toast that would become famous: Our country – in her intercourse with foreign nations, may she always be in the right, and always successful, right or wrong.[165][i] Home in Washington[edit] Plaque outside Decatur's Home Now that Decatur was Naval Commissioner he had settled into a routine life in Washington working at the Navy Department during the day, with many evenings spent as an honorary guest at social gatherings, as both he and his wife were the toast of Washington society.[101] Decatur's first home in Washington was 1903 Pennsylvania Avenue (one of the "Seven Buildings"), purchased in 1817.[166] In 1818, Decatur built a three-story red brick house in Washington on Lafayette Square, designed by the famous English architect Benjamin Henry Latrobe, the same man who designed the U.S. Capitol building and Saint John's Church.[167] Decatur specified that his house had to be suitable for "impressive entertainments". The house was the first private residence to be built near the White House. Decatur House is now a museum that exhibits a large collection of Decatur memorabilia and is managed by the National Trust for Historic Preservation. Located on President's Square (Lafayette Square), it was built in grand style to accommodate large social gatherings, which in the wake of Decatur's many naval victories were an almost routine affair in the lives of Decatur and his wife.[101] Duel between Perry and Heath[edit] In October 1818, at the request of Oliver Hazard Perry, a very close friend, Decatur arrived at New York to act as his second in a duel between Perry and Captain John Heath, commander of Marines on USS Java. The two officers were involved in a personal disagreement while aboard that ship, that resulted in Heath challenging Perry to a duel. Perry had written to Decatur nearly a year previously, revealing that he had no intention of firing any shot at Heath. After the two duelists and their seconds assembled the duel took place. One shot was fired; Heath missed his opponent while Perry, keeping his word, returned no fire. At this point Decatur approached Heath with Perry's letter in hand, relating to Heath that Perry all along had no intention of returning fire and asking Heath if his honor had thus been satisfied. Heath admitted that it had. Decatur was relieved to finally see the matter resolved with no loss of life or limb to either of his friends, urging both to now put the matter behind them.[168][169][170] Death[edit] James Barron, officer who killed Decatur in a duel, March 22, 1820 Decatur's life and distinguished service in the U.S. Navy came to an early end when in 1820, Commodore James Barron challenged Decatur to a duel, related in part to comments Decatur had made over Barron's conduct in the Chesapeake–Leopard Affair of 1807. Because of Barron's loss of Chesapeake to the British he faced a court-martial and was barred from command for a term of five years. Decatur had served on the court-martial that had found Barron guilty of "unpreparedness". Barron had just returned to the United States from Copenhagen after being away for six years and was seeking reinstatement.[171] He was met with much criticism among fellow naval officers, among whom Decatur was one of the most outspoken. Decatur, who was now on the board of naval commissioners, strongly opposed Barron's reinstatement and was notably critical about the prospect in communications with other naval officers and government officials. As a result, Barron became embittered towards Decatur and challenged him to a duel.[110][172] Barron's challenge to Decatur occurred during a period when duels between officers were so common that it was creating a shortage of experienced officers, forcing the War Department to threaten to discharge those who attempted to pursue the practice.[173] Barron's second was Captain Jesse Elliott, known for his jaunty mannerisms and antagonism toward Decatur. Decatur had first asked his friend Thomas Macdonough to be his second, but Macdonough, who had always opposed dueling, accordingly declined his request.[174] Decatur then turned to his supposed friend Commodore William Bainbridge to act as his second, to which Bainbridge consented. However, according to naval historian Alexander Slidell Mackenzie, Decatur made a poor choice: Bainbridge, who was five years his senior, had long been jealous of the younger and more famous Decatur.[175] The seconds met on March 8 to establish the time and place for the duel and the rules to be followed. The arrangements were exact. The duel was to take place at nine o'clock in the morning on March 22, at Bladensburg Dueling Grounds, near Washington, at a distance of only eight paces. Decatur, an expert pistol shot, planned only to wound Barron in the hip.[176] Decatur did not tell his wife, Susan, about the forthcoming duel but instead wrote to her father asking that he come to Washington to stay with her, using language that suggested that he was facing a duel and that he might lose his life.[177] On the morning of the 22nd the dueling party assembled. The conference between the two seconds lasted three-quarters of an hour.[178] Just before the duel, Barron spoke to Decatur of conciliation; however, the men's seconds did not attempt to halt the proceedings.[179] The duel was arranged by Bainbridge with Elliott in a way that made the wounding or death of both duelists very likely. The shooters would be standing close to each other, face to face; there would be no back-to-back pacing away and turning to fire, a procedure that often resulted in the missing of one's opponent. Upon taking their places the duelists were instructed by Bainbridge, "I shall give the word quickly – 'Present, one, two, three' – You are neither to fire before the word 'one', nor after the word 'three'. Now in their positions, each duelist raised his pistol, cocked the flintlock and while taking aim stood in silence. Bainbridge called out, 'One', Decatur and Barron both firing before the count of 'two'. Decatur's shot hit Barron in the lower abdomen and ricocheted into his thigh. Barron's shot hit Decatur in the pelvic area, severing arteries. Both of the duelists fell almost at the same instant. Decatur, mortally wounded and clutching his side, exclaimed, "Oh, Lord, I am a dead man." Lying wounded, Commodore Barron (who ultimately survived) declared that the duel was carried out properly and honorably and told Decatur that he forgave him from the bottom of his heart.[180][181] By then other men who had known about the duel were arriving at the scene, including Decatur's friend and mentor, the senior officer John Rodgers. In excruciating pain, Decatur was carefully lifted by the surgeons and placed in Rodgers' carriage and was carried back to his home on Lafayette Square. Before they departed Decatur called out to Barron that he should also be taken along, but Rodgers and the surgeons calmly shook their heads in disapproval. Barron cried back "God bless you, Decatur" – and with a weak voice Decatur called back "Farewell, farewell, Barron." Upon arrival at his home Decatur was taken in to the front room just left of the front entrance, still conscious. Before allowing himself to be carried in he insisted that his wife and nieces be taken upstairs, sparing them the sight of his grave condition.[182] A Dr. Thomas Simms arrived from his home nearby to give his assistance to the naval physicians. However, for reasons not entirely clear to historians, Decatur refused to have the ball extracted from his wound.[j] At this point Decatur requested that his will be brought forward so as to receive his signature, granting his wife all his worldly possessions, with directives as to who would be the executors of his will.[183] Decatur died at approximately 10:30 pm that night. While wounded, he is said to have cried out, "I did not know that any man could suffer such pain!"[184] Washington society and the nation were shocked upon learning that Decatur had been killed at the age of forty-one in a duel with a rival navy captain. Decatur's funeral was attended by Washington's elite, including President James Monroe and the justices of the Supreme Court, as well as most of Congress. Over 10,000 citizens of Washington and the surrounding area attended to pay their last respects to a national hero. The pallbearers were Commodores Rodgers, Chauncey, Tingey, Porter and Macdonough; captains Ballard and Cassin; and Lieutenant Macpherson.[185] Following were naval officers and seamen. At the funeral service a grieving seaman unexpectedly came forward and proclaimed, "He was the friend of the flag, the sailor's friend; the navy has lost its mainmast."[186] Stephen Decatur died childless. Though he left his widow $75,000, a fortune at the time, she died virtually penniless in 1850.[citation needed] Decatur's body was interred in the Barlow family vault at Kalorama in accordance with Susan's request. It was later moved to Philadelphia, where he was buried at St. Peter's Churchyard in 1846, alongside his mother and father.[187][188] After the funeral, rumors circulated of a last-minute conversation between the duelists that could have avoided the deadly outcome of the duel, moreover, that the seconds involved might have been planning for such an outcome and accordingly made no real attempts to stop the duel. Decatur's wife Susan held an even more damning view of the matter and spent much of her remaining life pursuing justice for what she termed "the assassins" involved.[189] Decatur's widow, Susan, tried for several years to receive a pension from the U.S. Government. By an act of Congress on March 3, 1837, she was granted a pension retroactive to Decatur's death.[190] Although he died at a relatively young age, Decatur helped determine the direction of the young nation playing a significant role establishing its identity.[191] For his heroism in the Barbary Wars and the War of 1812 Decatur emerged as an icon of American naval history and was roundly admired by most of his contemporaries as well as the citizenry: Congressional Gold Medal awarded January 29, 1813, to honor capture of HMS Macedonian by USS United States under his command. In honor of Stephen Decatur, five U.S. Navy ships have been named USS Decatur. At the urging of Franklin D. Roosevelt, the U.S. Post Office Department issued a series of five stamps honoring the U.S. Navy and various naval heroes, Decatur being one of the few chosen, appearing on the 2-cent issue, along with fellow officer Macdonough.[192] An engraved portrait of Decatur appears on the Series of 1878/1880 $20 silver certificates. Stephen Decatur's home in Washington, D.C. is a museum owned by the National Trust for Historic Preservation. At least 46 communities in the United States have been named after Stephen Decatur, including Decatur, Alabama, Decatur, Georgia, Decatur, Illinois, and Decatur, Texas. Seven counties in the United States have been named after Stephen Decatur, including Decatur County, Alabama, Decatur County, Georgia, Decatur County, Indiana, Decatur County, Iowa, Decatur County, Kansas, and Decatur County, Tennessee. The Georgia county named for Steven Decatur has its county seat at Bainbridge. In honor to Stephen Decatur, the Borough of Doylestown, Pennsylvania, incorporated a street in his name. Decatur Avenue in Norman, Oklahoma, is named in honor of Decatur, as is Decatur Boulevard in Las Vegas, Decatur Street in Mineral Point, Wisconsin and Decatur Avenue in Minneapolis, Minnesota. In honor of Stephen Decatur, in the county of Worcester, Maryland, where he was born, a street, monument, park, and middle and high schools are named after him. His birthplace is marked in the current town of Berlin, Maryland. A main thoroughfare in New Orleans' French Quarter is named Decatur in his honor. An island in the San Juan Archipelago (Washington state) is named Decatur Island Decatur Township, in Van Buren County, Michigan is named in his honor.[193] The first USS Decatur, 1839 Decatur depicted on the Series 1878 $20 Silver Certificate Decatur / Macdonough U.S. postage, Navy Issue of 1937 Other notable naval commanders of the time: Commodore John Barry Commodore John Hazelwood Admiral David Farragut Admiral Richard Howe Admiral Horatio Nelson History of the United States Navy List of naval battles List of United States Navy people List of sailing frigates of the United States Navy Naval tactics in the Age of Sail Naval artillery in the Age of Sail Thomas Jefferson and the First Barbary War Bibliography of early American naval history Glossary of nautical terms ^ Mortally wounded in duel at Bladensburg, Maryland. ^ Town was destroyed by hurricane in 1818, rebuilt years later and named 'Berlin'. ^ Some sources spell the name as Siren.[49] ^ Whipple, 2001 claims only two gunboats were offered.[65] ^ Some sources claim the man could have been Ruben James.[81][82] ^ Striking colors, i.e.Lowering the ship's flag, was an international signal of surrender. ^ Monroe was later appointed Secretary of War in September 1814. ^ The ten vessels were: Frigates: USS Guerrier (flagship), USS Macedonian and USS Constellation; sloop of war USS Ontario; brigs USS Epervier, USS Firefly, USS Flambeau and USS Spark; schooners USS Spitfire and USS Torch. Three of these vessels were prizes taken in the War of 1812.[147] ^ The toast is more widely known in the form of a paraphrase that arose decades later (e.g. Mackenzie, 1846, p. 443) with "but right or wrong, our country" instead of the original "and always successful, right or wrong". ^ Among the current sources only Guttridge mentions Decatur's refusal to have the ball extracted, not citing any reason.[183] ^ "Commodore Stephen Decatur, USN, (1779–1820)". Naval History & Heritage Command, Department of the Navy. Retrieved June 4, 2011. ^ Waldo, 1821 Chapter I, Introductory. ^ Mackenzie, 1846, pp. 120–121; Allison, 2005, pp. 1–17. ^ Lewis, 1937, p. 55. ^ Guttridge, 2005, p. 83. ^ Guttridge, 2005, p. 226. ^ Waldo, 1821, pp. 289–293. ^ Mackenzie, 1846, pp. 320–325. ^ Waldo, 1821, p. 13. ^ Abbot, W. John, 1886, p. 70. ^ Waldo, 1821, pp. 19–23. ^ Lewis, 1937, pp. 5–6. ^ a b Bradford, 1914, p. 42. ^ Mackenzie, 1846, pp. 9–16. ^ Tucker, 1937, p. 39. ^ Allison, 2005, pp. 9–17. ^ a b Lewis, 1937, p. 7. ^ MacKenzie, 1846, p. 17. ^ a b Tucker, 2004, pp. 10–11. ^ Allen, 1909, p. 42. ^ Daughan, 2011, p. 129 ^ Allison, 2005, p. 17. ^ Tucker, 1937, p. 5. ^ Mackenzie, 1846, pp. 21–25. ^ a b Guttridge, 2005, p. 30. ^ Brady, 1900, p. x. ^ Lewis, 1937, pp. 191–192. ^ Tucker, 1937, pp. 19–20. ^ Lewis, 1937, pp. 28–30. ^ Harris, 1837, pp. 63–64, 251. ^ Guttridge, 2005, pp. 45–46; Lewis, 1937, p. 45. ^ Tucker, 1937, p. 27; Lewis, 1937, p. 46. ^ MacKenzie, 1846, p. 65; Lewis, 1937, p. 32; Allen, 1905, p. 160. ^ Harris, 1837, pp. 87–88. ^ a b Lewis, 1937, p. 43. ^ Allen, 1905, p. 169. ^ Toll, 2006, p. 209. ^ Cooper, 1856, p. 171; Tucker, 1937, p. 40. ^ Lewis, 1937, p. 44; MacKenzie, 1846, pp. 331–335. ^ MacKenzie, 1846, p. 122. ^ Whipple, 2001, p. 150. ^ Guttridge, 2005, pp. 68–70. ^ a b Symonds and Clipson, 2001, p. 30. ^ Whipple, 2001, pp. 150–154. ^ Abbot, W. John, 1886, pp. 203–204. ^ Waldo, 1821, p. 120. ^ Harris, 1837, p. 108. ^ Abbot, W. John, 1886, p. 205. ^ Lewis, 1937, p. 272. ^ Barnes, 1906, pp. 28–29. ^ Bradford, 1914, p. 45. ^ Hollis, 1900, p. 116. ^ Naval Historical Center, Wash.DC. ^ Leiner, 2007, p. 42. ^ Hollis, 1900, pp. 116–177. ^ a b c Tucker, 1937, p. 174. ^ a b Tucker, 1937, p. 11. ^ Cooper, 1856, p. 224. ^ Borneman, 2004, pp. 19–22. ^ a b Toll, 2006, p. 470. ^ Guttridge, 2005, pp. 217–219. ^ Hill, 1905, p. 201. ^ Hale, 1896, pp. 144–149; Tucker, 1937, pp. 105–106. ^ Guttridge, 2005, p. 129; Waldo, 1821, p. 170. ^ Maclay, 1894, p. 1. ^ Hickey, 1989, p. 92. ^ Roosevelt, 1883, pp. 72–73. ^ Heidler, 2004, p. 149. ^ Maclay, 1894, p. 68. ^ Canney, 2001, p. 60. ^ Waldo, 1821, p. 224 ^ Cooper, 1856, p. 11 ^ Hickey, 1989, pp. 257–259. ^ Tucker, 1937 p.144 ^ a b Roosevelt, 1883 p.401 ^ Maclay, 1894 p.71 ^ a b Roosevelt, 1883 pp.401–405 ^ a b c d Lambert, 2012 pp.364–371 ^ Hickey, 1989, p.216 ^ MacKenzie, 1846 pp.226–228 ^ "Captain Stephen Decatur". Department of the Navy, Naval Historical Center. Retrieved June 2, 2011. ^ Act of March 3, 1815, Chap. 90, 3 Stat. 230 ^ a b Tucker, 2012, p. 9. ^ Harris, 1938, pp. 198–199. ^ Leiner, 2007, pp. 39–41. ^ Cooper, 1856, pp. 442–443. ^ a b Waldo, 1821, p. 248. ^ Maclay, 1894, pp. 90–91. ^ Allen, 1905, pp. 281–282. ^ Lloyd's List, no.4987, [1] – accessed May 16, 2014. ^ Hagan, 1992, p. 92. ^ U.S. Naval Institute. ^ Tucker, 2004, p. 168. ^ Library of Congress, 2010, p. 70; Allison, 2005, pp. 183–184. ^ Allison, 2005, pp. 190–191. ^ "Decatur House on Lafayette Square". The White House Historical Association. Archived from the original on August 31, 2012. Retrieved July 30, 2011. ^ Hickey, 1989, p. 222. ^ Allison, 2005, p. 214. ^ a b Guttridge, 2005, p. 262. ^ Mackenzie, 1846, p. 3. ^ Rodney MacDonough, 1909, p. 243. ^ Christensen, George A. "Here Lies the Supreme Court: Gravesites of the Justices". Yearbook 1983 Supreme Court Historical Society. Washington, D.C.: Supreme Court Historical Society (1983): 17–30. Archived from the original on September 3, 2005. Retrieved June 5, 2018 – via Internet Archive. ^ Laws of the United States, vol. 9, p. 689. ^ "U.S. Navy Issue of 1937". Smithsonian National Postal Museum. Retrieved July 31, 2011. ^ Van Buren County Records, Michigan Historical Records Survey records: 1936–1942, Roll 28, Bentley Historical Library, University of Michigan. Abbot, Willis John (1886). The Naval History of the United States. Peter Fenelon Collier, New York. Book Allen, Gardner Weld (1905). Our Navy and the Barbary Corsairs. Houghton Mifflin & Co., Boston, New York & Chicago. p. 354. E'book —— (1909). Our Naval War with France. Houghton Mifflin & Co., Boston, New York and Chicago. p. 323. E'book Allison, Robert J. (2005). Stephen Decatur American Naval Hero, 1779–1820. University of Massachusetts Press. p. 253. ISBN 1-55849-492-8. Book Barnes, James (1906). Yankee ships and Yankee sailors: tales of 1812. Macmillan, London. p. 281. E'book Borneman, Walter R. (2004). 1812: The War that Forged a Nation. New York: Harper Collins. p. 349. ISBN 0-06-053112-6. Book Bradford, James C. (1955). Quarterdeck and Bridge: Two Centuries of American Naval Leaders. Naval Institute Press. p. 263. ISBN 1-55750-073-8. Book Brady, Cyrus Townsend (1900). Stephen Decatur. Small, Maynard & Company, (original, Harvard Univ.). p. 142. Book, E'book (text) —— (2006). Stephen Decatur. Kessinger Publishing (reprint). p. 168. ISBN 1428603115. Book Canney, Donald L. (2001). Sailing Warships of the US Navy. Chatham Publishing / Naval Institute Press. p. 224. ISBN 1-55750-990-5. Book Cooper, James Fenimore (1856). History of the Navy of the United States of America. New York: Stringer & Townsend. p. 508. OCLC 197401914. E'book —— (1846). Lives of distinguished American naval officers. Carey and Hart, Philadelphia. p. 436. OCLC 620356. Book1 Book2 Daughan, George C. Daughan (2011). 1812: The Navy's War. Basic Books. ISBN 978-0-4650-2046-1. Guttridge, Leonard F. (2005). Our Country, Right Or Wrong: The Life of Stephen Decatur. New York: Tom Doherty Associates, LLC. p. 304. ISBN 978-0-7653-0702-6. Book Hagan, Kenneth J. (1992). This People's Navy: The Making of American Sea Power. New York: The Free Press. p. 468. ISBN 0-02-913471-4. Book Hale, Edward Everett (1896). Illustrious Americans, Their Lives and Great Achievements. International Publishing Company, Philadelphia, PA., and Chicago, ILL. ISBN 978-1-162-22702-3. Book1, Book2 Harris, Gardner W. (1837). The Life and Services of Commodore William Bainbridge, United States Navy. New York: Carey Lea & Blanchard. p. 254. E'book Hickey, Donald R. (1989). The War of 1812, A Forgotten Conflict. Chicago and Urbana: University of Illinois Press. ISBN 0-252-01613-0. Book Hill, Frederic Stanhope (1905). Twenty-six Historic Ships. New York and London: G.P. Putnam's Sons. p. 515. Book Hollis, Ira N. (1900). The Frigate Constitution the Central Figure of the Navy Under Sail. Houghton, Mifflin and Company, Boston and New York; The Riverside Press, Cambridge. p. 455. Book Lambert, Andrew (2012). The Challenge. Britain against America in the Naval War of 1812. Faber and Faber, London. Leiner, Frederic C. (2007). The End of Barbary Terror, America's 1815 War Against the Pirates of North Africa. Oxford University Press. ISBN 978-0-19-532540-9. Book Lewis, Charles Lee (1924). Famous American Naval Officers. L.C.Page & Company, Inc. p. 444. ISBN 0-8369-2170-4. Book —— (1937). The Romantic Decatur. Ayer Publishing. p. 296. ISBN 0-8369-5898-5. Book Library of Congress, Congressional Research Service (2010). Respectfully Quoted: A Dictionary of Quotations. ISBN 9780486472881. Mackenzie, Alexander Slidell (1846). Life of Stephen Decatur: A Commodore in the Navy of the United States. C. C. Little and J. Brown. p. 443. Book Macdonough, Rodney (1909). Life of Commodore Thomas Macdonough, U.S. Navy. Boston, MA: The Fort Hill Press. p. 303. Book Maclay, Edgar Stanton (1894). A History of the United States Navy, from 1775 to 1893. New York: D. Appleton & Company. p. 647. Book "Commodore Stephen Decatur and the War on Algiers". Naval History & Heritage, U.S. Naval Institute. Retrieved September 26, 2013. "US Navy Officers: 1798–1900". Naval Historical Center, Washington DC. Archived from the original on September 27, 2013. Retrieved September 26, 2013. Roosevelt, Theodore (1883). The Naval War of 1812. G.P. Putnam's Sons, New York. p. 541. Book Seawell, Molly Elliot (1908). Decatur and Somers. D.Appleton and Company, New York. p. 178. Book Shaler, William; American Consul General at Algiers (1826). Sketches of Algiers. Cummings, Hillard and Company, Boston. p. 296. Book Smith, Charles Henry (1900). Stephen Decatur and the suppression of piracy in the Mediterranean: An address at a meeting of the Connecticut society of the Order of the founders and patriots of America, April 19, A.D. 1900. Tuttle, Morehouse & Taylor, New Haven. p. 38. Book Symonds, Craig L.; Clipson, William J. (2001). The Naval Institute Historical Atlas of the U.S. Navy. Naval Institute Press. p. 1101. ISBN 978-1-55750-984-0. Book Toll, Ian W. (2006). Six Frigates: The Epic History of the Founding of the U.S. Navy. New York: W. W. Norton & Company. p. 592. ISBN 978-0-393-05847-5. Book Tucker, Spencer (2004). Stephen Decatur: A Life Most Bold and Daring. Annapolis, MD: Naval Institute Press. p. 245. ISBN 1-55750-999-9. Book —— (2012). The Encyclopedia Of the War Of 1812. ABC-CLIO. p. 1034. Book Waldo, Samuel Putnam (1821). The Life and Character of Stephen Decatur. P. B. Goodsell, Hartford, Conn. p. 312. , E'book Whipple, Addison Beecher Colvin (2001). To the Shores of Tripoli: The Birth of the U.S. Navy and Marines. Naval Institute Press. p. 357. Book Anthony, Irvin, (1931). Decatur, Charles Scribner & Sons, New York, p. 319, Book (snippit view) Decatur, Stephen; Barron, James (1820). Correspondence Between the Late Commodore Stephen Decatur and Commodore James Baron. Boston: Russell & Gardner. p. 22. De Kay, James T. De Kay, (2004), A Rage for Glory: The Life of Commodore Stephen Decatur, USN, Simon and Schuster, New York p. 297, ISBN 9780743242455, Book (par view) Lardas, Mark. Decatur's Bold and Daring Act, The 'Philadelphia' in Tripoli 1804. Osprey Raid Series #22. Osprey Publishing, 2011. ISBN 978-1-84908-374-4, Book (par view) London, Joshua E. (2005).Victory in Tripoli: How America's War with the Barbary Pirates Established the U.S. Navy and Shaped a Nation, New Jersey: John Wiley & Sons, Inc., ISBN 0-471-44415-4. Lossing, Benson John (1869), The Pictorial Field-book of the War of 1812: Or, Illustrations, by Pen and Pencil, of the History, Biography, Scenery, Relics, and Traditions of the Last War for American Independence, Harper & Brothers, New York, p. 1054, Url Lowe, Corinne. Knight of the Sea: The Story of Stephen Decatur. Harcourt, Brace. 1941. James, William, (1847/1859), The naval history of Great Britain...Volume 5, Richard Bentley, London, pp. 458, Ebook (full view) ——(1837) The naval history of Great Britain...Volume 6, Richard Bentley, London, p. 468, Ebook (full view) Miller, Nathan. The US Navy: An Illustrated History. New York: American Heritage, 1977. Oren, Michael B. Power, Faith, and Fantasy: America in the Middle East, 1776 to the Present. New York: W. W. Norton, 2007. ISBN 0-393-05826-3. Randall, William Sterne (2017). Unshackling America: How the War of 1812 Truly Ended the American Revolution. St. Martin's Press. ISBN 978-1-2501-1184-5. Smethurst, David (2009) Tripoli: The United States' First War on Terror (Google eBook), Random House LLC, p. 320, ISBN 9780307548283, Book (par view) Zacks, Richard, (2005). The Pirate Coast: Thomas Jefferson, the First Marines, and the Secret Mission of 1805, Hyperion, p. 448, ISBN 9781401383114, Book (no view) Wikiquote has quotations related to: Stephen Decatur Wikimedia Commons has media related to Stephen Decatur. The Stephen Decatur House Museum: Washington, DC Decatur House: A Home of the Rich and Powerful: National Park Service Teaching with Historic Places (TwHP) lesson plan Works by Stephen Decatur at Project Gutenberg Works by or about Stephen Decatur at Internet Archive Correspondence, between the late Commodore Stephen Decatur and Commodore James Barron which led to the unfortunate meeting of the twenty-second of March Stephen Decatur at Find a Grave BNF: cb15046820z (data) SNAC: w6g73sbq Retrieved from "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Stephen_Decatur&oldid=906557471" 18th-century American naval officers American people of French descent American people of Irish descent American people of the War of 1812 Congressional Gold Medal recipients Deaths by firearm in Maryland Duelling fatalities People from Westville, New Jersey People from Berlin, Maryland American military personnel of the Quasi-War United States Navy Commodores American military personnel of the First Barbary War People of colonial Maryland Burials at St. Peter's churchyard, Philadelphia People of the Quasi-War Use mdy dates from February 2018 Articles with Project Gutenberg links Articles with Internet Archive links	cc/2019-30/en_head_0039.json.gz/line720
__label__wiki	0.728259	0.728259	ENGAGED PUBLISHING About ENGAGED PUBLISHING Blogs on Publishing We have worked as consultants, advisers, facilitators and researchers for a wide variety of government, public and not-for-profit organisations in the UK and many other countries. Dr Carole L. Talbot is an expert in public policy and public management who has worked both in academia and as a consultant with various public and not-for-rpofit organizations. Until recently she was a Lecturer in Public Policy and Management at the University of Manchester and before that worked at Nottingham and Aston Universities. She now also works part-time for the University of Warwick. Carole has worked, with Colin, on the development of Cambridge Policy Labs, Policy@Manchester, the Nottingham Policy Centre, and done research on policy engagement between academia and policymakers. Professor Colin R. Talbot is a now Research Associate at the University of Cambridge and Emeritus Professor of Government from the University of Manchester. Colin has worked extensively with public sector agencies and governments in over two dozen countries, including Canada, the USA, Mexico, Japan, Australia and France. He has been an expert witness in the UK Parliament, Scottish Parliament and Northern Ireland Assembly. He has also been an adviser to UK Parliamentary committees, the National Audit Office. He founded the Centre for Public Services Management at London Southbank University, the Nottingham Policy Centre and the Policy@Manchester network. Paul Gosling is an experienced public policy and financial journalist. He is a former contributor to The Independent, writing the Questions of Cash column and regular features on public sector management. Paul has written extensively for public sector magazines and almost every quality newspaper in the UK and Ireland. He is author of several books. Paul was closely involved with the setting-up of the Policy@Manchester blog for the University of Manchester, commissioning and editing contributions. He has also undertaken research for the Audit Commission, professional bodies, Aston University and the Open University, as well as occasional lectures for the University of Cambridge. Will Johnson is an experienced web developer who has worked for a variety of public and private sector clients since graduating from University in 2006. Will works with a wide range of technologies and has extensive experience building blogs and content managed web sites. Will has worked on several blog site development projects with Colin and Carole and is available to both set up, and maintain, University public policy blog sites.	cc/2019-30/en_head_0039.json.gz/line722
__label__cc	0.647213	0.352787	ePublications at Regis University All Regis University Theses The Millennium Development Goals: Changing the Way We Do Development Chelsea Coalwell, Regis University Gosselin, Abby Schmidt, Terry Regis College Senior Honors Program Thesis - Open Access Thus, my motivation in writing this thesis and working with those in the developing world comes not only from the relationships I have formed abroad, but it is also grounded in the philosophy of John Rawls. Some may criticize Rawls perspective and proposals, but for me, his work makes solid sense. Rawls takes the complicated and messy world of development and boils it down to the one point; if we were in their shoes, we would hope that someone would help us too. This thesis of course addresses the larger picture of development and aid work. Though it may not seem as directly effecting individuals living in poverty, changes in the development field at large have significant impact on the individuals which we are attempting to help. In this way, the success or failure of the Millennium Development Goals has become personal. It matters not only to the future of development work, but to the actual lives of Oliver, Yolanie, Trudy and Tilda. Location (Creation) © Chelsea Coalwell All content in this Collection is owned by and subject to the exclusive control of Regis University and the authors of the materials. It is available only for research purposes and may not be used in violation of copyright laws or for unlawful purposes. The materials may not be downloaded in whole or in part without permission of the copyright holder or as otherwise authorized in the “fair use” standards of the U.S. copyright laws and regulations. Coalwell, Chelsea, "The Millennium Development Goals: Changing the Way We Do Development" (2011). All Regis University Theses. 531. https://epublications.regis.edu/theses/531 Arts and Humanities Commons Theses and Capstone Projects Regis University Library	cc/2019-30/en_head_0039.json.gz/line726
__label__wiki	0.759342	0.759342	What’s Ahead for Head Start? June 13, 2017 Jason Wermers for EWA To some, Head Start is an essential yet underfunded part of the education system. To others, it’s a classic example of a bloated federal program. Despite the wide divergence in opinions and the political sea change driven by the 2016 elections, the nation’s largest and oldest federally-funded early childhood education program appears likely to remain in place. In fact, even as President Trump proposed big cuts to some education programs, his first budget request would keep federal aid about the same for Head Start, with a slight dip of $85 million, less than a 1 percent reduction. But what form the $9 billion program should take amid a re-envisioning of the federal role in education is the subject of debate on Capitol Hill, within federal agencies, and, earlier this month, at the Education Writers Association’s National Seminar in Washington, D.C. Steve Barnett, the director of the National Institute for Early Education Research, explained in his presentation that Head Start is more than just a federal program. Instead, it is an amalgamation of local Head Start programs that have various partners at the local, state and federal levels. Add to this the local flavor each community brings to a particular Head Start program, and even differences in administration by different regional offices, and it quickly becomes apparent why Head Start is so hard to summarize. “Stories about what’s happening to teachers in Head Start would be different from one state to another,” Barnett said during the June 1 panel. He noted the large disparity in average salaries for Head Start instructors, from $20,000 in Mississippi to more than $70,000 in Washington, D.C. The Wrong Question? Katharine Stevens, a resident scholar with the American Enterprise Institute, said a question often asked about the early childhood program — “Does Head Start work?” — is nonsensical. “I think (Barnett’s) presentation is outstanding; it’s really underscoring that that question doesn’t make sense. That’s like saying, ‘Does fourth grade work?’” Stevens said during the panel. “For you guys who are reporting on education, you would never consider that to be a reasonable question.” What makes early childhood education so exciting, Stevens said, is that there is no other area of social policy that has such a clear body of scientific research. This research shows how crucial the first five years of life are to a person’s development. For example, she said, research shows a child is born with the same number of nerve cells as an adult, but with only 2,500 connections. However, by age 3, that child has 15,000 connections, showing that the brain is “literally getting wired up” during this period. A critical influence on that brain wiring comes from the environment in which children are placed. Stevens said she does not like to compare early childhood programs because ultimately what matters is the results, not the design of the program. One area of concern, she said, is the amount of time millions of children spend in child-care settings that do not provide a stimulating environment. A child who is enrolled full-time in child care from infancy will have spent 9,000 hours in child care prior to turning 4, when many preschool programs begin. “I just want to remind you what’s been going on in environments that make the worst public schools look outstanding,” Stevens said. “So that’s where these children are. … So I don’t know how to fix child care. But when I’m looking at this picture, that’s what I’m most focused on.” Yasmina Vinci, the executive director of the National Head Start Association, painted a decidedly upbeat picture of Head Start during the EWA panel. She said about 32 million people have had the “Head Start advantage” over the course of the program’s 52 years. “Head Start actually works,” she said. “You can see it in the lifetime outcomes of the Head Start graduates — things such as lower rates of high school dropouts than similar kids, high rates of college completion, higher lifetime earnings, less incarceration.” New Performance Standards Vinci expressed optimism that the program will continue to improve thanks to a new set of performance standards. Finalized in the last months of the Obama administration, the standards govern everything from teacher qualifications to the number of hours that local providers must be open. The standards were written to be simpler and less prescriptive so that providers can focus more on doing what works best for their students and less on what Vinci said are burdensome compliance requirements. Stevens of the American Enterprise Institute sees upsides and downsides to the new standards. In some states, she said, the old model is “the best thing that kids have going.” For his part, Barnett said some local programs are “afraid” to innovate based on what they have heard from their regional Head Start offices. Vinci said the National Head Start Association focuses on the programs that figure out how to “work around” the system to get better results. Barnett had several story ideas for reporters covering Head Start: • With local Head Start’s reliance on partnerships, who is left out in one program and served in another? • What are the effects of local, state and federal budgets on local Head Start programs? • What is the state of staff working conditions, especially salary, given the national discussion around having a minimum living wage of $15 per hour? • Why do local programs vary in terms of funding, quality, and enrollment? Have a question, comment or concern for the Educated Reporter? Contact Emily Richmond. Follow her on Twitter @EWAEmily. Read other Educated Reporter articles. Head Start Cuts Will Impact Many Latino Children August 23, 2013 Katherine Leal Unmuth Federal spending cuts due to sequestration are expected to eliminate Head Start services for more than 57,000 children across the country, including thousands of Latino children enrolled in the programs. “Latinos Among Those Hit the Hardest By Head Start Cuts,” NBC Latino. “Feds: Spending Cuts Mean 57,000 Fewer Low-Income Children in Head Start Programs,” The Washington Post. “Sequestration Hits Poor Hispanics Hard,” The Washington Post. “National Sequestration Impact”, National Head Start Association. Why the U.S. Military’s Early Childhood Programs Excel EWA Radio: Episode 113 March 14, 2017 Emily Richmond Subscribe to #ewaRADIO Kavitha Cardoza of Education Week and the PBS NewsHour visited the early learning and daycare center at a Marine Corps base in North Carolina to find out why such programs are rated among the best in the country. What spurred the Department of Defense to invest so heavily in teachers and support for the littlest learners? What evidence is there that these investments pay off in the long run? Story Lab Story Lab: Early Childhood Education January 23, 2014 Mikhail Zinshteyn Story ideas on early education your editors and readers will love. Download the Story Lab P-12 Topic Early Childhood & Preschool The field of early childhood education—spanning infancy to 3rd grade—has seen tremendous change in recent years, particularly in the years before kindergarten.	cc/2019-30/en_head_0039.json.gz/line729
__label__wiki	0.591165	0.591165	Royer's Hill Methodist Episcopal Church The former Royer's Hill Methodist Episcopal Church at 400 West 24th Street is a small stone building with a gable roof used in 2010 as a garage. Despite several modern additions and changes, the building retains original window openings, original roof framing, and pressed tin ceiling panels. Constructed under the supervision of Rev. Edward L. Watson around 1891 as the 24th Street Methodist Episcopal Church, the building remained in use as a church until it was converted to use as a motor freight station sometime prior to 1951. Former Royer's Hill Methodist Episcopal Church ~ Source: Baltimore Heritage ~ Creator: Eli Pousson ~ Date: 2010 February 18 400 West 24th Street, Baltimore, MD 21211 Eli Pousson, “Royer's Hill Methodist Episcopal Church,” Explore Baltimore Heritage, accessed July 17, 2019, https://explore.baltimoreheritage.org/items/show/478. Sisson Street Royer's Hill Methodist Episcopal Church – Baltimore Places Published on Mar 4, 2015. Last updated on Nov 27, 2018.	cc/2019-30/en_head_0039.json.gz/line732
__label__cc	0.505856	0.494144	Executive Director’s Commentary By Don Eversmann, F240000, Executive Director On April 2, 2008, FMCA reached a milestone in its history. William and Linda Lancaster of Titusville, Florida, joined FMCA and were assigned membership number F400000 by the FMCA computer. It’s impressive that in the association’s 45-year history, more than 400,000 families have joined FMCA. What is probably even more impressive is that of those 400,000 families, 28 percent still are members of FMCA. Over the 10 years that I have served as FMCA’s executive director, I have periodically answered members’ questions about the association’s oval-shaped membership identification emblems, also known as “goose eggs.” The plates have long been a part of FMCA’s history. New members of FMCA have been issued various types of coach plates over the years. In the February 1964 issue of Family Motor Coaching magazine, Bob Richter, L1, wrote an article to explain the reasoning behind the issuance of the F number and coach identification plates. He started off by confirming that no one wants to be known as just a number. So, the obvious question was, “Why then, if so many people feel this way, did FMCA also succumb to the trend?” Here’s part of Bob’s answer: “At FMCA, a great deal of our work is, frankly, shuffling papers . . . A numbering system makes this continuous flow of work much easier, truthfully; F345 is much easier to say than Washington, George H., and if FMCA ever grows in size to ten or twenty thousand members, or to a hundred thousand, we’d have to go back and assign numbers anyway to feed to a computer, in order to continue operating. So we gave in early!” You might ask, why plates? Why not a decal, or why not just paint a number on the coach? I would like to share some of Bob’s further comments: “The FMCA plates are, unlike a decal or a painted number, attached to a coach, rather than something that becomes a part of it. As a consequence, they can and do remain the property of the FMCA, and our bylaws specifically state that they are to be returned upon the termination of the member’s FMCA membership. It is the intention of the FMCA to control the privilege of displaying these plates strictly, so that the display of them will be meaningful . . . we do mean that circulation of the plates will be made only to those who qualify for them, and that return of them upon the termination of full membership will be required. This makes for a meaningful system, and for displaying them with pride on your coach.” Obviously, over time the practice of returning the coach plates to the national headquarters became too cumbersome and was difficult to enforce. Today when motorhomers cease to be members of FMCA, they keep their identification plates. If they rejoin at a later date, they can use them again. Membership numbers are never reassigned to someone else. Bob also highlighted one of the real benefits of displaying the goose eggs: recruitment of new members. “Another advantage of the plates is that they serve as an advertisement to the public of the existence of FMCA. While the organization is so new, this is particularly important to FMCA; as time passes, however, the plates will continue to serve as a reminder to the public.” That philosophy has not changed. Displaying the goose egg is very important to FMCA. Quite often it is the tool that initiates a conversation about the merits of being a member of FMCA. Then, sharing a copy of Family Motor Coaching magazine with the motorhomer you meet increases his or her desire to become a member. In 1973, when FMCA celebrated its 10th anniversary, the cast aluminum identification plate changed to a vinyl version. The November/December 1972 issue of Family Motor Coaching magazine included a short note titled “New Tags To Be Issued.” It stated, “Beginning with member F10000, vinyl ‘goose eggs’ will be issued. Reason “” like everything else “” high cost of material. Not wanting to raise initiation fee or members’ renewal rate from the present $15 per year, decision favored weatherproof vinyl in same form. However, if members desire metal plaques, these will be provided by special order. Cost $5.50 per pair.” Also in 1973, the true family concept entered into the identification plate. As stated in the July/August 1973 issue of FMC magazine, “The Board of Directors accepted the recommendation that provision be made for a ‘second generation’ coach identification plate and number assignment which would make it possible for sons or daughters from family units previously members to be assigned the same number as the original family number with the addition of an S in the case of a son and a D in the case of a daughter.” The current FMCA Bylaws expands upon this action by indicating, “FMCA shall, upon request, issue the original F number to sons, daughters, grandchildren, or parents of active or former members with the addition of an ‘S,’ ‘D,’ ‘G,’ or ‘P,’ respectively, centered below the number on the emblem.” Plexiglas plates were introduced in June 1982. An explanation in that issue of FMC magazine noted, “The new membership plates are injection molded out of clear acrylic (Plexiglas), which is an excellent plastic for outdoor applications. The membership number is engraved on the reverse side of the emblems and then decorated by hot stamping the black, and spraying white and then silver.” The new plates sold for $17 per pair, the same as the old metal plates. Yet another type of material, Lexan, began to be used in late 1994. The December issue of Family Motor Coaching that year contained an article in which national president Jim Ballentine, L8780, introduced the plate. “Another new item in the month of December will be our new style goose egg. New members joining the association will be receiving a membership plate made of Lexan, which will have the same appearance as our original aluminum plates. The only difference will be that the letters and numerals will be white and will have much better visibility. Our supplier of the smooth acrylic plates advised us in September that our mold was worn out and that a new one would have to be made at a cost of $30,000. They also advised us that a 40 percent price increase would be forthcoming in November. Needless to say, that prompted some investigation into another source for plates.” The FMCA identification number and the identification plates, or goose eggs, are important “” an integral part of the Family Motor Coach Association. And, like many other decisions made in the beginning when FMCA was formed, they have served the test of time and proved to be beneficial to the association. Please display your FMCA plates with pride. Make Room For More Overlooked Maintenance Let’s Go To Charleston Tech Talk: May 2008 Visit To FMCA’s Birthplace “” Finally! Saving Money On The Road Rear View: November 2008 Free Computer Tools For Travelers Flying J Changes Fuel Discount Program RV News & Notes: December 2007 Readers’ Forum: June 2008 Tech & Travel Tips: October 2008	cc/2019-30/en_head_0039.json.gz/line736
__label__wiki	0.801735	0.801735	HomePosts tagged 'Reykjavík' Significant Number Factoid Friday – Today The Number Is Twenty-One 21 January 18, 2013 fasab Factoids, Numbers, Sport, Uncategorized, Unusual 21, 21 Demands, 21 Series Beretta, 21-gun-salute, 21-K, 21st Amendment, 21st Century Commander, 21st Cetury, 21st President of the United States, 21st state, Abraham Lincoln, Adele, Aguascalientes, Alabama, Amazon, amino-acids, angel, apocalyptic event, Armored Cruiser Blücher, assassination, Atlanta Hawks, atomic number, Azores, Baffin Island, Basketball, battle of Dogger Bank, Baychimo, Börje Salming, Bill Sharman, blackjack, Blücher 21, Bob Lemon, Bobcat, Bond, books, Boston Celtics, Botswana, BRNO, BRNO 21, Caleuche, canada, Cancún, Captain Scarlet, Carroll A Deering, casinos, Century 21 Television, Charles Messier, Chemical Element, Chester Alan Arthur, Chicago Blackhawks, Chile, Chiloé Island, China, Cleveland Indians, cluster, Colorado Avalanche, Colt, Commander Jeffrey Williams, constellation, Creation, Dave Bing, December 21st 2012, Detroit Pistons, Dominique Wilkins, Earl of Wessex, education, Edward Belcher, Eliza Battle, expedition 21, Flight Engineer Robert Thirsk, Flood, Flying Dutchman, folklore, Forever 21, France, Francistown, Frank De Winne, FTP, Gateway to Canada, GAU-21, ghost ship, Ghost Ship 21, Glock 21, Goodwin Sands, Gustave Whitehead, Hall of Famer, Hanoi, Hawaii, High Aim 6, HMS Eurydice, HMS Resolute, Honolulu, IAI Kfir F-21, Iceland, Illinois, India, Indonesia, International Space Station, Iron Mountain riverboat, Isle of Wight, Israel Aircraft Industries, ISS, Italian alphabet, Japan, Jeddah, Jesus, Jian Seng, John Franklin, København, Kent coast, Kevin Garnett, Kfir F-21, King Louis XVI, Kosovo, Lady Lovibond, Land of Lincoln, León, legends, luna 21, Lunik 21, M21, Macedonia, Maharashtra, Maine, Major League Baseball, Mary, Mary Celeste, mary mother of jesus, mathematics, Maxim Suraev, Mayan calendar, Mecca, Messier 21, Mexico, Michel Brière, MiG-21, Mikoyan-Gurevich, Mikoyan-Gurevich Design Bureau, Militaria, Milwaukee Braves, Minnesota Timberwolves, Misc, Miscellaneous, Mississippi River, MIT, MKS, mother of Jesus, movies, music, Musings, MV Joyita, Mysterons. Cinema 21, mythology, Nagpur, NASCAR, NBA, NFL, NGC 6531, NHL, Nicole P Stott, Nuku'Alofa, number, Number 21, numbers, Okuma Shigenobu, Oregon, P210, Palatine Light, Palestine, Pendleton Act, Personal Writing, Peter Forsberg, phantom ship, Pier 21, Pittsburgh Penguins, Pittsburgh Pirates, Poland, politics, pontoon, Portland, Portugal, President, President James A Garfield, President Ulysses S Grant, Prince Edward, Pristina, Prohibition, religion, Republican Party, Resolven, Resurrection, Revelation, Reykjavík, Roberto Clemente, Roman Romanenko, Royal Navy, Rutherford B. Hayes, Sacramento Kings, Sagittarius, Saudi Arabia, Scandium, science & technology, Senator Roscoe Conkling, Sig Sauer, SIG SAUER GmbH, SIG SAUER P210, Significant Number, significnt numbers, Skopje, Skyfall, Solidarity, Soviet Union, Soyuz, soyuz vehicles, space and aviation, sport, Sprint Cup Series, SS Valencia, Stan Mikita, Strait of Gibraltar, submarine, Supermarionation, supersonic jet fighter, Sylvia and Gerry Anderson, Tai Ching 21, TCP/IP port, Teignmouth Electron, the Bible, The Number 21, The Ryou-Un Maru, the Temple, Thoughts, Thunderbirds, Tombigbee River, Tonga, Toronto Maple Leafs, tv, Twenty-first Amendment, twenty-one, Twenty-One Demands, U S Department of Defense, United States, United States Constitution, Vancouver Island, Vegas, Vietnam, Viscount Melville Sound, Vlade Divac, Warren Spahn, Warsaw, Wedding In Las Vegas, Wood Brothers Racing, World War I, world war ii, Wright brothers, Young Teazer, Zebrina Today a number that many people like and hold to be ‘lucky’. Number of the perfection by excellence, 3 x 7, according to the Bible. 21 represents the harmony of the creation. Mary, mother of Jesus, lived 21 years after the death Jesus There were 21 years between the presentation of Jesus to the Temple at 12 years old and his death at 33 years old. In the same day, Jesus appears in 21 different places in Palestine to confirm in His Resurrection. The word angel is pronounced 21 times by Jesus, always to the plural. The words Flood and star are used 21 times in the Bible. In the Revelation, the word “capacity” (capacity of decision or to act, by opposition to “power”) is used 21 times. 21 is a Triangular, Octagonal, Fibonacci, and Motzkin Number. In science & technology The Chemical Element Scandium has an atomic number of 21. There are 21 amino-acids. 21 is the standard TCP/IP port number for FTP connections In space and aviation Messier 21 or M21 Messier 21 or M21 (also designated NGC 6531) is an open cluster of stars in the constellation of Sagittarius. It was discovered and catalogued by Charles Messier on June 5, 1764. It is tightly packed but contains about 57 stars. A few blue giant stars have been identified in the cluster, but Messier 21 is composed mainly of small dim stars. With a magnitude of 6.5, M21 is not visible to the naked eye; however, with the smallest binoculars it can be easily spotted on a dark night. Expedition 21 Expedition 21 was the 21st long-duration mission to the International Space Station (ISS). The expedition began on 30 September 2009, with Frank de Winne becoming the first ESA astronaut to command a space mission. The handover between Expedition 20 and Expedition 21 required three Soyuz vehicles being docked to the station at the same time, the first time this has occurred. Soyuz TMA-16 brought the final members of Expedition 21 to the ISS, along with space tourist Guy Laliberté. Laliberté returned to Earth on Soyuz TMA-14 with two members of Expedition 20 on 11 October 2009. Nicole P. Stott was the last ISS expedition crew member to fly on the Space Shuttle. She returned to Earth aboard STS-129 in November 2009. Expedition 21 crew portrait (from the left) are Flight Engineers Nicole Stott, Frank De Winne and Roman Romanenko. Pictured on the back row (from the left) are Flight Engineer Maxim Suraev, Commander Jeffrey Williams and Flight Engineer Robert Thirsk. Image credit: NASA Luna 21 Luna 21 (Ye-8 series) was an unmanned space mission of the Luna program, also called Lunik 21. The spacecraft landed on the Moon and deployed the second Soviet lunar rover (Lunokhod 2). The primary objectives of the mission were to collect images of the lunar surface, examine ambient light levels to determine the feasibility of astronomical observations from the Moon, perform laser ranging experiments from Earth, observe solar X-rays, measure local magnetic fields, and study mechanical properties of the lunar surface material. Number 21 is the name of the plane alleged flown by Gustave Whitehead two years before the Wright brothers’ flight 21st President of the United States Chester Alan Arthur (October 5, 1829 – November 18, 1886) was the 21st President of the United States (1881–85). He became President after the assassination of President James A. Garfield. Born in Fairfield, Vermont, Arthur grew up in upstate New York and practiced law in New York City. He devoted much of his time to Republican politics and quickly rose in the political machine run by New York Senator Roscoe Conkling. Appointed by President Ulysses S. Grant to the lucrative and politically powerful post of Collector of the Port of New York in 1871, Arthur was an important supporter of Conkling and the Stalwart faction of the Republican Party. In 1878 the new president, Rutherford B. Hayes, fired Arthur as part of a plan to reform the federal patronage system in New York. When James Garfield won the Republican nomination for President in 1880, Arthur was nominated for Vice President to balance the ticket by adding an eastern Stalwart to it. After just half a year as vice president, Garfield was assassinated and Arthur unexpectedly became the 21st President of the united states. To the surprise of reformers, Arthur took up the reform cause that had once led to his expulsion from office. He signed the Pendleton Act into law, and enforced its provisions vigorously. Suffering from poor health, Arthur made only a limited effort to secure renomination in 1884; he retired at the close of his term. As journalist Alexander McClure would later write, “No man ever entered the Presidency so profoundly and widely distrusted as Chester Alan Arthur, and no one ever retired … more generally respected, alike by political friend and foe.” Chester A Arthur, 21st President of the United States of America The Twenty-first Amendment to the United States Constitution repealed the Eighteenth Amendment, thereby ending Prohibition. Illinois – the ‘Land of Lincoln’ – was the 21st state to join the United States. Abraham Lincoln moved to Illinois when he was 21 and he met his future wife – Mary Todd – in Springfield when she was 21. Illinois currently has 21 electoral votes in the US Presidential Election. Canada – Pier 21 Pier 21 was, from 1928 to 1971, was the place where immigrants entered Canada. It was called the “Gateway to Canada.” France – King Louis XVI 21 was a significant number in the life of French King Louis XVI On January 21, 1770, Louis XVI became engaged; On June 21, 1770, he got married; On January 21, 1782, he promulgated the suspension of a tax; On January 21, 1784 an enormous obelisk of snow was raised for him on the place Louis XV; On June 21, 1791, Louis XVI was arrested; and, On January 21, 1793, he goes up to the scaffold. Finally, the 5 letters of his first name added to XVI gives 21. Japan-China The Twenty-One Demands were a set of demands which were sent to the Chinese government by the Japanese government of Okuma Shigenobu in 1915. The 21 Demands of MKS led to the foundation of Solidarity in Poland. In folklore, legends and mythology The Mayan Calendar December 21st 2012, according to some interpretations of the Mayan calendar was the predicted date of an apocalyptic event: ‘The planets are aligned the sun will activate, let the deluge come’. It turned out to be bollocks though (see also this post) Ghost Ship 21 A ghost ship, also known as a phantom ship, is a ship with no living crew aboard. It may be a ghostly vessel in folklore or fiction, such as the Flying Dutchman, or a real derelict found adrift with its crew missing or dead, like the Mary Celeste. The term is sometimes also used for ships that have been decommissioned but not yet scrapped. There have been many examples throughout history, for example, Undated: The Caleuche is a mythical ghost ship which, according to local folklore and Chilota mythology, sails the seas around Chiloé Island, Chile, at night. 1738 onwards: The Palatine Light, a ship who lost half her crew running aground off Rhode Island, possibly being lured there and pillaged by the locals. Said to appear every December. 1748 onwards: The Lady Lovibond is said to have been deliberately wrecked on Goodwin Sands on 13 February and to reappear off the Kent coast every fifty years. 1786 onwards: The Ghost Ship of Northumberland Strait, a burning ship seen regularly between Prince Edward Island and New Brunswick. 1795 onwards: The Flying Dutchman, a ship manned by a captain condemned to eternally sail the seas, has long been the principal ghost ship legend among mariners and has inspired several works. 1813 onwards: After the American schooner Young Teazer was sunk in an explosion during the War of 1812, a burning apparition known as the “Teazer Light” has been reported off Maine. 1858 onwards: The Eliza Battle, a paddle steamer that burned in 1858 on the Tombigbee River in Alabama, is purported to reappear, fully aflame, on cold and windy winter nights to foretell of impending disaster. 1878 onwards: An apparition has been reported where the HMS Eurydice sank off the Isle of Wight. Witnesses include a Royal Navy submarine in the 1930s and Prince Edward, Earl of Wessex, in 1998. 1872 or 1882: The Iron Mountain riverboat, according to legend, mysteriously disappeared while travelling the Mississippi River and left the barges it was towing adrift. In reality, the ship sank in 1882 near Vicksburg after running aground, and its fate was never mysterious. 1928: The København was last heard from on December 28, 1928. For two years following its disappearance sightings of a mysterious five-masted ship fitting its description were reported in the Pacific Ocean. Historically attested 1855: HMS Resolute was discovered drifting off the coast of Baffin Island. It had been one of four vessels from Edward Belcher’s search expedition for John Franklin that had been abandoned the previous year when it was trapped in pack ice in Viscount Melville Sound. The ship drifted some 1,200 miles (1,900 km) before it was found, freed from the ice. 1872: Amazon (later renamed Mary Celeste). In 1872 the Mary Celeste, perhaps the most historically famous derelict, was found abandoned between mainland Portugal and the Azores archipelago. It was devoid of all crew, but largely intact and under sail, heading toward the Strait of Gibraltar. While Arthur Conan Doyle’s story “J. Habakuk Jephson’s Statement” based on this ship added some strange phenomena to the tale (such as that the tea found in the mess hall was still hot), the fact remained that the last log entry was 11 days prior to the discovery of the ship. 1884: In 1884 the Resolven was found abandoned between Baccalieu Island and Catalina, Newfoundland and Labrador, with its lifeboat missing. Other than a broken yard, it had suffered minimal damage. A large iceberg was sighted nearby. It has been claimed that none of the seven crew members or four passengers were accustomed to northern waters and it was suggested that they panicked when the ship was damaged by ice,[9] launched the lifeboat, and swamped, though no bodies were found. Three years later, Resolven was wrecked while returning to Newfoundland from Nova Scotia with a load of lumber. 1917: Zebrina, a sailing barge, departed Falmouth, England, with a cargo of Swansea coal bound for Saint-Brieuc, France. Two days later she was discovered aground on Rozel Point, south of Cherbourg, without damage except for some disarrangement of her rigging, but with her crew missing. 1921: The Carroll A. Deering, a five-masted cargo schooner, was found stranded on a beach on Diamond Shoals, North Carolina. The ship’s final voyage had been the subject of much debate and controversy, and was investigated by six departments of the US government, largely because it was one of dozens of ships that sank or went missing within a relatively short period of time. While paranormal explanations have been advanced, the theories of mutiny or piracy are considered more likely. 1931: The Baychimo was abandoned in the Arctic Ocean when it became trapped in pack ice and was thought doomed to sink, but remained afloat and was sighted numerous times over the next 38 years without ever being salvaged. 1933: A lifeboat from the 1906 wreck of the passenger steamship SS Valencia off the southwest coast of Vancouver Island was found floating in the area in remarkably good condition 27 years after the sinking. Sailors have also reported seeing the ship itself in the area in the years following the sinking, often as an apparition that followed down the coast. 1955: The MV Joyita was discovered abandoned in the Pacific. A subsequent inquiry found the vessel was in a poor state of repair, but determined the fate of passengers and crew to be “inexplicable on the evidence submitted at the inquiry”. 1959: A ghost submarine was found floating without a crew in the Bay of Biscay off northern Spain. It was later discovered that the empty sub was being towed by another vessel and the chain had snapped. 1969: The Teignmouth Electron was found adrift and unoccupied in the Atlantic Ocean. Investigation led to the conclusion that its sole crewmember, Donald Crowhurst, had suffered a psychiatric breakdown while competing in a solo around-the-world race and committed suicide by jumping overboard. 2003: The High Aim 6 was found drifting in Australian waters, 80 nautical miles (150 km; 92 mi) east of Rowley Shoals, with its crew missing. The derelict was subsequently scuttled. 2006: The tanker Jian Seng was found off the coast of Weipa, Queensland Australia in March. Its origin or owner could not be determined, and its engines had been inoperable for some time. 2006: In August the “Bel Amica” was discovered off the coast of Sardinia. The Coast Guard crew that discovered the ship found half eaten Egyptian meals, French maps of North African seas, and a flag of Luxembourg on board. 2007: A 12-metre catamaran, the Kaz II, was discovered unmanned off the coast of Queensland, northeast Australia in April.[18] The yacht, which had left Airlie Beach on Sunday 15 April, was spotted about 80 nautical miles (150 km) off Townsville, near the outer Great Barrier Reef on the following Wednesday. When boarded on Friday, the engine was running, a laptop was running, the radio and GPS were working and a meal was set to eat, but the three-man crew were not on board. All the sails were up but one was badly shredded, while three life jackets and survival equipment, including an emergency beacon, were found on board. A search for the crew was abandoned on Sunday 22nd as it was considered unlikely that anyone could have survived for that period of time. 2008: The abandoned 50 ton Taiwanese fishing vessel Tai Ching 21 was found drifting near Kiribati on 9 November. The ship had suffered a fire several days previously, and its lifeboat and three life rafts were missing. No mayday call was received, and the ship had last been heard from on 28 October. A search of 21,000 square miles (54,000 square km) of the Pacific Ocean north of Fiji by a US Air Force C-130 Hercules and a New Zealand Air Force P-3 Orion found no trace of the Taiwanese captain or crew (18 Chinese, 6 Indonesians, and 4 Filipinos). 2012: The Ryou-Un Maru, a Japanese fishing vessel swept away by the March 2011 tsunami, was found floating adrift towards Canada after nearly a year at sea, no crew believed to be on board. The vessel was sunk on April 5, 2012 by the United States Coast Guard. In Major League Baseball: the Cleveland Indians, for Hall of Famer Bob Lemon, the Milwaukee Braves, for Hall of Famer Warren Spahn (the number continues to be honored by the team in its current home of Atlanta); the Pittsburgh Pirates, for Hall of Famer Roberto Clemente (following his death in a plane crash while attempting to deliver humanitarian aid to victims of an earthquake in Nicaragua); In the NBA: the Atlanta Hawks, for Hall of Famer Dominique Wilkins; the Boston Celtics, for Hall of Famer Bill Sharman; the Detroit Pistons, for Hall of Famer Dave Bing; the Sacramento Kings, for Vlade Divac; the Minnesota Timberwolves have not retired the number, but have not issued it since Kevin Garnett was traded from the team in 2007. In the NHL: the Chicago Blackhawks, for Hall of Famer Stan Mikita; the Colorado Avalanche, for likely future Hall of Famer Peter Forsberg; the Pittsburgh Penguins, for Michel Brière; the Toronto Maple Leafs have a policy of not retiring numbers unless the player honored either died or suffered a career-ending incident while a member of the team. Other players whose numbers would otherwise be retired instead have their numbers enshrined by the team as “Honored Numbers”, which remain in circulation for future players. The number 21 is currently honored for Hall of Famer Börje Salming. No NFL team has retired the number 21. In basketball: 21 is a variation of street basketball, in which each player, of which there can be any number, plays for himself only (i.e. not part of a team); the name comes from the requisite number of baskets. In 3×3, a formalized version of three-on-three half-court basketball, the game ends by rule once either team has scored 21 points in regulation. Scoring is significantly different from traditional basketball rules, with free throws and baskets made from inside the three-point arc worth 1 point, and baskets made from outside the arc worth 2 points. In badminton, and table tennis (before 2001), 21 points are required to win a game. Eyeshield 21 is a Japanese anime about football. In the NASCAR Sprint Cup Series the number 21 has long been the car number for Wood Brothers Racing In books, music, tv and movies 21 is the sophomore album from British singer-songwriter Adele, recently acclaimed for her title song for the Bond movie Skyfall. Century 21 Television (producers of Sylvia and Gerry Anderson Supermarionation shows like Thunderbirds and Captain Scarlet and the Mysterons). Cinema 21 is an independently-owned movie theatre in Portland, Oregon featuring art house films. Cinema 21, 616 NW 21st Avenue, Portland, Oregon 97209 USA Cinema 21, is also the name of the largest cinema chain in Indonesia, established in the entertainment industry in 1987. “21” is the fact-based story about six MIT students who were trained to become experts in card counting and subsequently took Vegas casinos for millions in winnings. Wedding In Las Vegas is a docu-drama about a group of students who, using a wedding as a cover story, also defeat the casino’s Blackjack tables using card counting techniques. The Mikoyan-Gurevich MiG-21 is a supersonic jet fighter aircraft, designed by the Mikoyan-Gurevich Design Bureau in the Soviet Union. It was popularly nicknamed “balalaika”, from the aircraft’s planform-view resemblance to the Russian stringed musical instrument or olówek (English: pencil) by Polish pilots due to the shape of its fuselage. Early versions are considered second-generation jet fighters, while later versions are considered to be third-generation jet fighters. Some 50 countries over four continents have flown the MiG-21, and it still serves many nations a half-century after its maiden flight. The fighter made aviation records. At least by name, it is the most-produced supersonic jet aircraft in aviation history and the most-produced combat aircraft since the Korean War, and it had the longest production run of a combat aircraft (1959 to 1985 over all variants). IAI Kfir F-21 The Israel Aircraft Industries Kfir F-21 is an Israeli-built all-weather, multirole combat aircraft based on a modified French Dassault Mirage 5 airframe, with Israeli avionics and an Israeli-made version of the General Electric J79 turbojet engine. The Kfir entered service with the IAF in 1975, the first units being assigned to the 101st “First Fighter” Squadron. Over the following years, several other squadrons were also equipped with the new aircraft. The role of the Kfir as the IAF’s primary air superiority asset was short-lived, as the first F-15 Eagle fighters from the United States were delivered to Israel in 1976. The Kfir’s first recorded combat action took place on November 9, 1977, during an Israeli air strike on a training camp at Tel Azia, in Lebanon. The only air victory claimed by a Kfir during its service with the IAF occurred on June 27, 1979 when a Kfir C.2 shot down a Syrian MiG-21. Twenty-five modified Kfir C.1s were leased to the US Navy and the US Marine Corps from 1985 to 1989, to act as adversary aircraft in dissimilar air combat training (DACT). These aircraft, designated F-21A Kfir, had narrow-span canard foreplanes and a single small rectangular strake on either side of the nose which considerably improved the aircraft’s maneuverability and handling at low speeds. Blücher 21 cm/45 (8.27″) SK L/45 Used afloat only on the Armored Cruiser Blücher which was sunk at the World War I battle of Dogger Bank. After her sinking, four reserve guns were given to the German Army. During World War II these guns were used as coastal artillery. They were then supplied with a better ballistically shaped shell and with a larger propellant charge for increased range. Constructed of a tube, two layers of hoops and a jacket. Used the Krupp horizontal sliding wedge breech block. About 16 guns were made. The 45 mm anti-aircraft gun (21-K) was a Soviet design adapted from the 45 mm anti-tank gun M1937 (53-K). This was a copy of a 3.7 cm (1.5 in) German weapon designed by Rheinmetall that was sold to the Soviets before Hitler came to power in 1933 that had been enlarged to 45 mm (1.8 in) in increase its penetrating power. It was used by the Soviet Navy to equip almost all of their ships from 1934 as its primary light anti-aircraft gun until replaced by the fully automatic 37 mm 70-K gun from 1942 to 1943. It was used in World War II and during the Cold War as the Soviets exported their World War II-era ships to their friends and allies. However it was not very effective as its slow rate of fire and lack of a time fuze required a direct hit to damage targets. GAU-21 (M3M) The M3M was designated by the U.S. Navy as the GAU-21 in 2004 and is currently used by all services within the U.S. Department of Defense (DoD). An evolution of the M3 .50-caliber heavy machine gun, it produces a blistering 1,100 rounds per minute cyclic rate of fire through the use of open-bolt operation and a dual recoil buffer system. Operating independent of either electrical or hydraulic power sources, the M3M/GAU-21’s unique soft mount system enhances weapon accuracy and minimizes the firing vibration transmitted to the airframe. FN Herstal has been awarded a solesource U.S. Navy contract to produce the M3M .50 caliber machine guns under the Gun, Aircraft, Unit-21 (GAU-21) designation for Navy and Marine Corps rotary-wing assault aircraft. The FN GAU-21 (M3M) is a .50 caliber (12.7x99mm) single barrel rapid-fire machine gun suitable for rotary-wing aircraft applications providing defensive firepower ranging out to nearly 2000 meters. BRNO is neither German nor Austrian (although it was once located in the Austro-Hungarian Empire), but they produced the BRNO model designation 21 and 22 as post-War sporting rifles. Almpst an American icon, the Glock 21 is a .45 caliber pistol. Countless law enforcement units swear by this superior pistol for more than just its above-average magazine capacity of 13 rounds. SIG SAUER® P210® The SIG SAUER® P210®, the timeless pistol of the Swiss Army, is once again in production by SIG SAUER GmbH in Germany. This historic gun features the same precision and reliability as its ancestors, but also offers a number of modern improvements. The return of the SIG SAUER P210 Legend will now ensure that many more shooters will be able to enjoy one of the world’s most accurate and legendary firearms. 21st Century Commander Internally, the 21st Century Commander is classic Colt. The stainless 4.25-inch barrel is rifled in the standard 1:16-inch left-hand twist. Each 21st Century Commander is serialized with a unique number that contains the letters “WC” for Wiley Clapp. 21 Series Beretta The 21 Series Beretta pocket pistol (Bobcat) has the same dedication to advanced design, uncompromising quality and strict quality control that make the 92F, Cougar and Cheetah such international standouts. It has a user-friendly design, exclusive tip-up barrel allowing the user to easily load a round directly into the chamber or assisting in the safe clearing of the pistol by allowing a live round to be easily removed from the chamber and the bore quickly checked. Jamming and stovepiping problems are virtually eliminated by the open slide design shared by all small frame Berettas. Chambered for .22LR or .25ACP (6.35 mm), this compact, rugged small frame measures just 4.9 inches (125 mm) overall and weighs only 11.5 ounces (325 grams). It features a lightweight, alloy frame, blued steel slide, tip-up barrel, and double/single action. The Bobcat comes with a 7-round magazine for .22LR ammunition, or an 8 round magazine for .25 (6.35 mm)caliber cartridges. Twenty-one Gun Salute Legend has it that Twenty-one guns are fired in U.S. national military salutes because the digits in 1776 add up to 21. However, despite the fact that the year 1776 is deeply significant to Americans and the total of its digits does add up to 21, the legend is untrue because the custom of the 21-gun salute antedates the American Revolution by at least several decades. Also interesting is the fact that, although we now view weaponry salutes as honors proudly bestowed by fighting men upon those of high rank or great achievement, saluting in days long ago was an act of submission; a tangible way of demonstrating that the one performing the action was voluntarily placing himself in the power of the one being saluted. Guns would be emptied a ritual number of times, or sails would be lowered, or spears would be pointed towards the ground, the significance being that those carrying out the act were saying “I yield to your authority, and as proof I’ve just rendered my weapon incapable of being used against you.” Over time the practice evolved into a custom honorary and ceremonial as well as practical. Today’s salute is far more a mark of respect than an act of submission. Cannons became part of weaponry salutes in the 14th century. A just-emptied cannon was a useless piece of ordnance and so made a fine visible display of the lack of hostile intent. Warships took to firing honorary seven-gun salutes, with that number likely chosen for its astrological and biblical significance. Because those crewing cannons on land had access to far greater supplies of powder, they were able to fire three guns (a number chosen for its mystical significance) for every shot fired afloat, making the honorary salute by shore batteries 21 guns. Eventually, an understanding was reached that the international salute should be established as 21 guns. Today, the national salute of 21 guns is fired in honor of a national flag, the sovereign or chief of state of a foreign nation, a member of a reigning royal family, and the President, ex-President, and President-elect of the United States. It is also fired at noon of the day of the funeral of a President, ex-President, or President-elect; Washington’s Birthday; Presidents’ Day; and the Fourth of July. On Memorial Day, a salute of 21 minute guns (i.e., guns discharged at one-minute intervals) is fired at noon while the flag is flown at half staff. In other stuff We are currently living in the 21st Century, which spans the years from 2001 to 2100; There are 21 letters in the Italian alphabet; 21 is the number representing the maturity and the responsibility for an individual; In most USA states 21 is the drinking age; In some countries 21 is the voting age; Cities on latitude 21 North include: Aguascalientes, Cancún, and León, in Mexico; Jeddah, and Mecca in Saudi Arabia; Honolulu, Hawaii; Nagpur, Maharashtra, India; and Hanoi, Vietnam. Cities on latitude 21 South include: Francistown, Botswana; and Nuku’Alofa, Tonga. Cities on longitude 21 West include: Reykjavík, Iceland. Cities on longitude 21 East include: Warsaw, Poland; Pristina, Kosovo; and Skopje, Macedonia.21 is a card game, also called vingt-et-un (French for “twenty-one”), pontoon, or blackjack; Twenty One, was the name of a TV quiz show that ran from 1956 to 1958, most remembered for the scandal that the wins were fixed – it was remade in 2000; There are 21 spots on a standard cubical (six-sided) die (1+2+3+4+5+6); There are 21 trump cards of the tarot deck if one does not consider The Fool to be a proper trump card; In Israel, the number is associated with the profile 21 (the military profile designation granting an exemption from the military service); 21 grams is the weight of the soul, according to research by Duncan MacDougall; 21 is the designation of a US Highway connecting Wytheville, Virginia and Beaufort, South Carolina, a truncation of a route that once connected Cleveland, Ohio and Jacksonville, Florida, among other highways past and present; 21 is the number of the French department Côte-d’Or; In France XXI is a journal devoted to long-form journalism; ’21’ is a landmark New York restaurant perfectly positioned in midtown Manhattan; Forever 21 is an American chain of clothing retailers with branches in major cities in the Americas, Europe, Asia, and the Middle East that offers trendy clothing and accessories for young women, men, and girls at low, affordable prices.	cc/2019-30/en_head_0039.json.gz/line737
__label__wiki	0.783358	0.783358	Feature Plant Friday: The Rich History of Rosemary An evergreen herb with a distinctive aroma, rosemary has been used in cooking, medicine, and cultural practices for thousands of years. Enriched with meaning from folklore, rosemary has been used to scare away witches, celebrate weddings, and as a token of remembrance on ANZAC Day and Remembrance Day in Australia, due to its growth on the Gallipoli peninsula. But did you know that rosemary is also a member of the mint family, along with lavender, sage, basil, and oregano? The scientific name for its genus, Rosmarinus, comes from the Greek ‘ros’ and ‘marinus’ (“dew of the sea”), named for its origins in the Mediterranean. Now, rosemary has been introduced and grown commercially and ornamentally across the world, but its pervasive and hardy nature has caused it to be considered as an incredibly invasive weed in countries such as Cuba. Introduced to China in 220 A.D. and the UK in the ninth century, rosemary has a rich history of cultural use. In Europe especially, rosemary has had a prominent place in folklore, such as in Sicily, where it was believed that young fairies would sleep amongst its flowers, whereas in Italy and Spain it was used as a protection from witches and general evil. In Portugal, rosemary is known as ‘elegrirn’ from the Scandinavian ‘ellegrin’ (‘elfin-plant’), whereas in Spain rosemary is called ‘romero’ (‘pilgrim-plant’), referring to the story of the Virgin Mary who rested under a rosemary bush while fleeing to Egypt. Rosemary also became a symbol for happiness, love and fidelity, and friendship, and branches tied in colourful ribbons were given to wedding guests, as a New Year’s gift, as well as carried by mourners to throw onto coffins as they were lowered into the ground at funerals. Due to its symbolism, as well as its tree-like appearance, rosemary also has a strong connection to European Christmas, where it was used decoratively and as a Christmas tree from as early as the 16th century. However it has since been replaced by poinsettias and pine trees in modern Christmas decorations. Because of its spreading cultivation in English kitchen gardens, rosemary also became representative of the woman of the house. In The Treasury of Botany (1870), John Lindley wrote that in Gloucestershire and other English counties it was believed that rosemary only grew well where the woman of the house was also the master, leading to the damaging of rosemary plants by lords who felt that they weren’t in control of their households. Medicinally, rosemary is known to have sedative, anti-inflammatory, antiseptic, and digestive effects, just to name a few. In traditional medicine, it was believed to refresh the brain and strengthen memory, and was burnt in sick chambers and French hospitals to prevent infection and purify the air, as well as to prevent ‘gaol-fever’ in the dock in courts. The first British record of rosemary as a medicinal herb dates back to the ninth century, where it was used in remedies to treat fever and toothaches, and was later used in the 16th century to treat gout, lost appetite, coughs, to prevent bad dreams, and even as a toothpaste. It was also believed to treat asthma and lung conditions by crushing and smoking the leaves with that of Coltsfoot. In the Philippines, infused rosemary leaves are used as an eyewash to treat mild conjunctivitis, and as a vapour bath to treat rheumatism and paralysis. The leaves are also used to in the therapeutic treatment of rheumatic diseases (inflammation and pain in joints and muscles), indigestion, and circulatory problems. The essential oils found in rosemary are also popular in aromatherapy, as well as in stimulating the liver and gallbladder, and treating ear infections. Because of its strong aroma, rosemary oil is also used in perfumes and as a scent in soaps and detergents. Rosemary is a highly versatile addition to your herb collection, with the leaves and flowers used in everything from roasted meats and vegetables, sauces, and stews to herbal butters, breads, and tea. Rosemary tea, an infusion of young tops, leaves, and flowers, was also thought to treat headaches, colds, and colic. Historically, rosemary was also used to flavour ales and wines. While the leaves tend to be used more heavily, rosemary flowers have a more subtle flavour and can be used in dishes where the leaves may be overpowering. Rosemary oil is also used in seasoning of processed foods, while rosemary oleoresin, a mix of essential oils and resin, is used as a natural antioxidant in products such as cooked meats. If you are looking for a new way to use this aromatic herb, have a look through these interesting recipes! Rosemary & Sea Salt Focaccia, BBC Food Peach and Rosemary Blossom Lemonade, Adventures in Cooking Veal Chops with Rosemary and Thyme Butter, House & Garden Rosemary and Bay Ale, The Guardian As a perennial, hardy plant, rosemary can tolerate heat, drought, and a range of soil and pH conditions, but struggles to survive in climates with wet winters or temperatures below zero. Therefore it is important that rosemary plants aren’t overwatered or have wet feet. However, when grown under optimal conditions of full sun, dry soil, a warm and dry climate, and in a sheltered spot, they can continue to grow and be used for up to 30 years! Rosemary is an especially great addition to your garden if you want to attract bees, and can flower all the way from spring through to winter in a range of colours, depending on the species. It can also be used as hedging plant as well as a companion plant for a range of herbs and vegetables, including beans, carrots, sage, cabbage, broccoli and other members of the cabbage family, as it deters pests such as cabbage moths, bean beetles, and carrot flies. Just keep an eye on it as it will spread and grow quickly but can be trimmed back easily and you get to enjoy the cuttings. Happy Growing and Cooking! tagged with rosemary, feature plant friday, herbs, food history, plant history, 4	cc/2019-30/en_head_0039.json.gz/line742
__label__wiki	0.591031	0.591031	Fordham Scholarship Online All Partner Presses Fordham Scholarship Online Advanced Search Anthropology, Religion Latin American Cultural Anthropology Social and Cultural Anthropology Art Theory and Criticism Film, Television and Radio You are looking at 1-2 of 2 items for: Art x Download complete list of books in this Collection (.pdf) (.xls) See results from UPSO (90) Refine By Browse by Subject [[missing key: search-facet.tree.open-section]] Art (2) Art Theory and Criticism (2) 1970 1988 1993 1996 1997 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016 2017 2018 — 1970 1988 1993 1996 1997 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016 2017 2018 Sort by: Title - A to ZTitle - Z to ADate - Old to RecentDate - Recent to OldAuthor - A to ZAuthor - Z to A Breaking Resemblance: The Role of Religious Motifs in Contemporary Art Alena Alexandrova Published in print: 10.5422/fordham/9780823274475.001.0001 Art, Art Theory and Criticism During the past two decades curators and artists have shown a distinct interest in religion, its different traditions, manifestations in public life, gestures and images. Since the early 1990s in ... More During the past two decades curators and artists have shown a distinct interest in religion, its different traditions, manifestations in public life, gestures and images. Since the early 1990s in Europe and the United States many artists critically re-appropriated religious, motifs, themes and images to produce works that cannot qualify as ‘religious,’ but remains in a dialogue with the visual legacy of mostly the Western, and more specifically the Catholic, version of Christianity. The book explores the complex relationship between contemporary art and religion. It focuses on the ways artists re-appropriate religious motifs as a means to reflect critically on our desire to believe in images, on the history of seeing them, and on their double power – iconic and political. When embedded in contemporary artworks, religious motifs become tools to address issues that are central to the infrastructure of, and the distinction between, different eras or regimes of the image: the rules that regulate the status of images and their public significance, their modes of production, circulation and display. The book examines the important motif of the acheiropoietic image (not made by human hands). Its survival and transformation in contemporary image-making practices provides a conceptual matrix for understanding of the reconfiguring relationships between art and religion. The book discusses a number of exhibitions that take religion as their central theme, and a selection works by Bill Viola, Lawrence Malstaf, Victoria Reynolds and Berlinde de Bruyckere who, in their respective ways and media, recycle religious motifs and iconography, and whose works resonate with, or problematise the motif of the true image.Less Breaking Resemblance : The Role of Religious Motifs in Contemporary Art Published in print: 2017-05-01 During the past two decades curators and artists have shown a distinct interest in religion, its different traditions, manifestations in public life, gestures and images. Since the early 1990s in Europe and the United States many artists critically re-appropriated religious, motifs, themes and images to produce works that cannot qualify as ‘religious,’ but remains in a dialogue with the visual legacy of mostly the Western, and more specifically the Catholic, version of Christianity. The book explores the complex relationship between contemporary art and religion. It focuses on the ways artists re-appropriate religious motifs as a means to reflect critically on our desire to believe in images, on the history of seeing them, and on their double power – iconic and political. When embedded in contemporary artworks, religious motifs become tools to address issues that are central to the infrastructure of, and the distinction between, different eras or regimes of the image: the rules that regulate the status of images and their public significance, their modes of production, circulation and display. The book examines the important motif of the acheiropoietic image (not made by human hands). Its survival and transformation in contemporary image-making practices provides a conceptual matrix for understanding of the reconfiguring relationships between art and religion. The book discusses a number of exhibitions that take religion as their central theme, and a selection works by Bill Viola, Lawrence Malstaf, Victoria Reynolds and Berlinde de Bruyckere who, in their respective ways and media, recycle religious motifs and iconography, and whose works resonate with, or problematise the motif of the true image. Keywords: acheiropoietos, contemporary art, cult image, eras of the image, iconic citation, presentational device, ready-made, regimes of the image, religious motifs Georges de La Tour and the Enigma of the Visible Dalia Judovitz Celebrated due to the aura of mystery attached to his rediscovered works in the twentieth century, Georges de La Tour’s paintings continue to be an object of scholarly interest and public ... More Celebrated due to the aura of mystery attached to his rediscovered works in the twentieth century, Georges de La Tour’s paintings continue to be an object of scholarly interest and public fascination. Exploring the representations of light, vision and the visible in his works, this interdisciplinary study raises seminal questions regarding the nature of painting and its artistic, theological, and conceptual implications. If the visible presents an enigma in La Tour’s pictorial works, this is because familiar objects of visible reality serve as emblems of an invisible, spiritual reality. La Tour’s pursuit of likeness between image and the natural world bears the influence of the Catholic Reform’s call for the revitalization of religious imagery in the wake of Protestant iconoclastic outbreaks. Like the books shown in his paintings which are asking to be read, La Tour’s paintings are examined not just as visual depictions but also as instruments of insight, which ask to be deciphered rather than merely seen. La Tour’s paintings show how the figuration of faith as spiritual passion and illumination challenges the meanings attached to the visual realm of painterly expression. This study shows that La Tour’s emphasis on spiritual insight opens up a broader artistic, philosophical and conceptual reflection on the conditions of possibility of painting and its limitations as a visual medium. By scrutinizing what is seen and how and by questioning the position of the beholder, his works encourage meditation on the role of painting and its engagements with the visible world.Less Celebrated due to the aura of mystery attached to his rediscovered works in the twentieth century, Georges de La Tour’s paintings continue to be an object of scholarly interest and public fascination. Exploring the representations of light, vision and the visible in his works, this interdisciplinary study raises seminal questions regarding the nature of painting and its artistic, theological, and conceptual implications. If the visible presents an enigma in La Tour’s pictorial works, this is because familiar objects of visible reality serve as emblems of an invisible, spiritual reality. La Tour’s pursuit of likeness between image and the natural world bears the influence of the Catholic Reform’s call for the revitalization of religious imagery in the wake of Protestant iconoclastic outbreaks. Like the books shown in his paintings which are asking to be read, La Tour’s paintings are examined not just as visual depictions but also as instruments of insight, which ask to be deciphered rather than merely seen. La Tour’s paintings show how the figuration of faith as spiritual passion and illumination challenges the meanings attached to the visual realm of painterly expression. This study shows that La Tour’s emphasis on spiritual insight opens up a broader artistic, philosophical and conceptual reflection on the conditions of possibility of painting and its limitations as a visual medium. By scrutinizing what is seen and how and by questioning the position of the beholder, his works encourage meditation on the role of painting and its engagements with the visible world. Keywords: allegorical naturalism, artistic reflection, Catholic Reform, conceptual reflection, Georges de La Tour, light, philosophical reflection, Protestant iconoclasm, spiritual insight, vision, visible PRINTED FROM FORDHAM SCHOLARSHIP ONLINE (www.fordham.universitypressscholarship.com). (c) Copyright Fordham University Press, 2019. All Rights Reserved. Under the terms of the licence agreement, an individual user may print out a PDF of a single chapter of a monograph in FSO for personal use (for details see www.fordham.universitypressscholarship.com/page/privacy-policy).date: 17 July 2019	cc/2019-30/en_head_0039.json.gz/line744
__label__wiki	0.705707	0.705707	TechDrones Proposed Law Would Let Cops Shoot Drones Out of the Sky Flying drone with cameraPhotogtaph by Buena Vista Images — Getty Images A bill being discussed in the Utah legislature could give law enforcement officials the authority to “neutralize” unmanned aircraft in certain situations. Senate Bill 210, introduced by Sen. Wayne Harper, would set new limits for what drone owners can do with the devices, which has been a growing safety concern in many areas. Utah’s Senate Transportation and Public Utilities and Technology Standing Committee is scheduled to consider the legislation this afternoon. The proposed law would prohibit drones from trespassing aerially over another person’s property and ban the use of the aircraft to violate the privacy of others. Drone owners would not be allowed to fly the devices within 500 feet of correctional institutions,within three miles of a “wild land fire,” or over crowds of 500 people or more. The bill would also prohibit using drones in a wreckless manner that “causes fear for the safety of another person” or “intends to cause annoyance or injury to a person or damage to property.” The idea of aerial trespassing is a fairly new one. Harper’s bill defines it as flying a drone less than 400 feet above private property. (Late last year, California governor Jerry Brown vetoed similar proposed legislation.) But it’s the broad authority given to Utah law enforcement officials that worries some authorities. The bill does clearly state forced termination of flights can only occur under certain conditions, including a threat to individuals or property, the need to create a safe environment for emergency response vehicles and personnel to operate, and protecting flight paths of airlines. (Civilians would not allowed to shoot down drones, as a Kentucky man did last July, under the proposed bill.) Sign up for Data Sheet, Fortune‘s technology newsletter. Officials would be forbidden from neutralizing drones if it would cause injury to people or animals or result in property damage of over $5,000. (The value of the drone is not factored into the property damage figure.) And while law officials are certainly authorized to shoot them down, the bill discourages destroying the drone. “A law enforcement officer who neutralizes an unmanned aircraft in accordance with this section shall neutralize the unmanned aircraft: (a) in the most safe and practicable manner available; and (b) in a manner that causes as little damage or destruction as possible to the unmanned aircraft system and other property,” the bill reads. That’s not enough for some experts, though. “An unmanned aircraft hit by gunfire could crash, causing damage to persons or property on the ground, or it could collide with other objects in the air,” Les Dorr, an FAA spokesman, told Ars Technica. “Shooting at an unmanned aircraft could result in a civil penalty from the FAA and/or criminal charges filed by federal, state or local law enforcement. There also may be state or municipal ordinances that address property owners’ rights.”	cc/2019-30/en_head_0039.json.gz/line745
__label__wiki	0.618835	0.618835	The Super Spy [[SNK]][[Category:SNK]] First-person shooter 8-way Joystick, 3 Buttons Arcade and Neo-Geo Super Spy (（ザ・スーパー・スパイ）) is an early Neo Geo game released by SNK in 1990. It is a first-person shooter and beat 'em up game with action RPG elements in which players move through the many floors of an office building shooting terrorists.[1] It was an early example of a first-person shooter where the player character's arms and weapons are visible on screen.[2][3] In 1991, SNK's Crossed Swords had similar gameplay, but with more RPG elements and hack & slash combat instead of shooting and fist-fighting.[4] The story revolves around a C.I.A agent, named Roy Heart,[5] who needs to traverse office buildings, and warehouses to stop a group of terrorists, known as the Zolge King terrorist group, led by a man name King (who bears a slight resemblance to Geese Howard in his business suit from the Fatal Fury and The King of Fighters franchises, both also by SNK). The group is responsible for the horrible murders of thousands caused by destroying the subways with bombs. As Mr. Heart, the player hunts through the terrorists' bomb factory for those responsible.[6] The A button is for punches, and can be used to throw right hooks by pushing the stick diagonal-up either way and punch. A punch combination is done by tapping A repeatedly and a strong punch is done by holding down the A button then releasing it. B button is used for kicks and knee smashes. Players can also pistol-whip enemies, if the B button is pressed while armed with the pistol/machine gun. Blocking is done by holding A and B correspondingly, right before the enemy attacks. Ducking is done by simply holding down. However if punch or kick is pressed while ducking, then an uppercut or a knee smash will be executed. Players can bob and weave, duck, and block, and sidestep enemies' attacks and deliver stronger blows. Alongside the martial arts expertise, the weapons of choice are a knife (which becomes rusty and dull with use), brass knuckles (which upgrades fists), a pistol, and an occasional machine gun.[7] The game was well received upon release. In 1991, the British magazine Raze gave the Neo Geo console release an 83% score, despite the game cartridge's high price tag of £128,[1] equivalent to $206.03 at the time [2] (or $347.31 with inflation in 2012). [3] Raze magazine compared the first-person gameplay to Operation Wolf, but found it different in several ways, such as the way in which the character's hands and weapons are displayed on screen, the beat 'em up elements, and the game overall being "much more claustrophobic," with "the action far too close for comfort" [4] (note that this was a year before Wolfenstein 3D was released and popularized similar first-person shooter elements). ↑ http://www.mameworld.net/maws/romset/superspy ↑ The Super Spy at Allgame via the Wayback Machine ↑ Super Spy at Museum of the Game ↑ http://www.mobygames.com/game/neo-geo/super-spy ↑ http://cheats.ign.com/objects/007/007881.html ↑ http://www.neo-geo.com/reviews/neo-reviews/super_spy/superspy.html Retrieved from "https://gamicus.gamepedia.com/index.php?title=The_Super_Spy&oldid=103327" Neo-Geo games Neo Geo CD games Virtual Console games	cc/2019-30/en_head_0039.json.gz/line747
__label__wiki	0.933375	0.933375	BBC One London, 8 November 1993 17.35 Cathy receives a nasty surprise on her return home. BBC One is a television service which began broadcasting on 20 April 1964. It replaced BBC Television. Feedback about Neighbours, BBC One London, 17.35, 8 November 1993 Please leave this link here so we can find the programme you're referring to: http://genome.ch.bbc.co.uk/524d5608404f44ba8915c74e59dde1e4	cc/2019-30/en_head_0039.json.gz/line749
__label__cc	0.640394	0.359606	What to do with Japan, by Wilfrid Fleisher August 20, 2012 at 17:38 (Asian History, Book Reviews, Highly Rated Books, Historical, Politics, Second World War, Twentieth Century, War) (Book Review, What To Do With Japan, Wilfrid Fleisher) What to do, indeed, with a book bearing such a deliciously arrogant and condescending title? There is something brash and daring about it: the refusal to wonder if anything might be done, but the decision what shall be done. As a piece of history in itself, What to do with Japan is a fascinating prospect, written as an opinion piece by a journalist from the New York Herald Tribune some time in 1945. But it is shocking just how prescient Fleisher’s insights into the allied nations’ looming post-war ordeal actually are. It is remarkable how sage and levelheaded he remains, with no emotional outbursts and few racially-motivated generalisations on the “yellow race”. Even when he does make cultural judgements, they are as much reflections on the Western mindset as they are descriptions of a foreigner. “We know them to be fanatical and vindictive…” he begins, setting the stage for a book in which what America (and the rest of the world) ‘knows’ ought perhaps to be re-evaluated. “If we expect to be welcomed back in Asia with open arms as liberators, we may experience some rude shocks unless we are prepared to return with a new philosophy…we assume, perhaps too readily, that the conquered peoples are yearning to rid themselves of their Japanese masters and to welcome the return of the occidental Powers.” -What to do with Japan Starkly prophetic are his insights into the difficulty of managing a post-colonial world, and of occupying a foreign country in the modern era. From predicting grave trouble between Russia and China in the decades ahead, to warning that any American occupation of Japan must have a clear exit strategy and a roadmap towards responsible self-government, there are entire paragraphs that would not look out of place if they were transposed sixty years into the future. There are moments where Fleisher makes inaccurate predictions, but these are none the less interesting for their errancy. He utterly fails to predict the Cold War, and it is deeply interesting and even a little humbling to hear him use the words ‘united nations’ as an adjective and a noun more than as an organisation, several times evoking the sincere belief that the nations of the world would have general consensus throughout the rest of the century, only pausing to solve occasional disputes. An interesting and manageably brief little book, that stands out from its competition by virtue of the tact, humility and conciliatory nature with which it is written. It is truly rare to find so much good sense packed into such an unassuming form. Chiang Kai-Shek, by Jonathan Fenby April 3, 2011 at 20:07 (Asian History, Biography, Book Reviews, Highly Rated Books, Historical, Politics, Twentieth Century, War) (Book Review, Chiang Kai-Shek, China, China's Generalissimo and the nation he lost, Jonathan Fenby, The Long March) A remarkably coherent and deeply focused look at Chiang, and a surprisingly comprehensive study of China through the first several decades of the last century. Fenby spends a judicious amount of time devoted to the background of China, including the Warlord Period; the life, philosophies and influence of Sun Yat-Sen; foreign activity in China (from the Western Concessions and the eventual meddling of the League of Nations all the way down to petty despots carving out miniature fiefdoms). While Chiang does not appear on the scene for some time, Fenby dedicates enough time to make his reader feel intimately acquainted with the country Chiang took over, without sacrificing anything in the way of either quantity or quality in his study of the Generalissimo himself. Considering the vast scope that Fenby allows himself, it is surprising he has the stamina to stay on track and (regardless of cliffhanging international events) bring things back to Chiang without doing any disservice to the communication of the big picture. Perhaps it is simply Fenby’s good fortune that Chiang was so often at the centre of the key events – or, like Tehran and Yalta, then at least wishing he was at the centre. Whether through good fortune or skilled writing, the end result is a startlingly hollistic view of the early twentieth century, and while (as always) a grounding in the politics of the time is invaluable, this book almost precludes the need for familiarity with its subjects. When considering the outright hostile contempt present in the subtitle–China’s Generalissimo and the nation he lost–it would be entirely natural to expect this book to be riddled through with lingering sentiments regarding the ‘yellow devil’ and his innate inability to carry out his own manifest destiny, and the crying shame it was that the good old boys of Western Europe and the Americas were not able to pull his chestnuts out of the fire in time (the latter a phrase that Chiang, of all people, frequently uses!). Fortunately, this book seems to be refreshingly free of condescension, and if Chiang and Mao (not to mention the warlords) are painted as belligerent, stupid and arrogant men at times, then the same treatment is given to the depressingly mad Patrick Hurley, or the tired old George Marshall, or the senselessly squabbling Stilwell and Chennault. It is a tragicomic mix of megalomaniacs and tyrants, of fools and slaves, of greed and mass murder; but one feels that (whatever this account’s actual failings) Fenby has certainly gone to some effort to depict his chosen slice of history fairly. The Lost Executioner, by Nic Dunlop February 8, 2011 at 14:47 (Asian History, Biography, Book Reviews, Highly Rated Books, Historical, Twentieth Century, War) (Book Review, Comrade Deuch, Khmer Rouge, Nic Dunlop, The Lost Executioner) Dunlop does not add anything new to the body of history that details the vile Khmer Rouge regime, but his memoir-style account has the advantage of hindsight, and the benefit of being written decades after the end of Pol Pot. This only adds to the weight of his often-shocking revelations that even after the genocide, the rule of the Khmer Rouge continued in the refugee camps, finding their way back into the shattered nation with the aid of Cambodia’s sinister patriarch Prince Sihanouk, through the incompetence of the UN, the collusion of China and Thailand, and the arrogance of the USA. Nic Dunlop goes to no effort to hide his open scorn and hatred towards both the principle agents of genocide (and their unwitting dupes), painting them as two-dimensional monsters, and occasionally appearing to blame and to an extent demonise the entire Khmer race. The author’s scorn for America is perhaps deserved, but provides for some rather subjective and vitriolic declarations on his part. It is easy to wonder, after reading this book, if Dunlop’s intensely personal encounters with people and events in Cambodia have not unduly coloured his account. His searing and merciless indictments against some of the most ruthless men of history are puzzling when compared with the his warmth and unashamed friendship with cold-blooded murderers, and despite his background as a journalist, he is seldom objective, occasionally apologetic and frequently venemous. Yet these contradictions perhaps bring the whole tale into some sort of balance, painting a picture of a nation gone mad, summing up rather chillingly a nation in which murderers live side by side with the children of their victims. This is not ahistory of a political party, or a social event. It is a personal diary, and a man’s struggle to understand a people tearing itself apart in an inexplicable masochistic rage. It tells the story emotionally. How else could this story be told? Genghis Khan: His Life and Legacy, by Paul Ratchnevsky February 1, 2011 at 02:28 (Asian History, Biography, Book Reviews, Historical, Mediocre Books) (Book Review, Genghis Khan, Mongol History, Paul Ratchnevsky) Ratchnevsky is a prosaic writer, but he is certainly thorough. He is not the most interesting man to read, and he wastes little time with his own opinions. This is dry history, but he quotes promiscuously from many writers (contemporary to his subject and modern) who are all much more lively than he. His study on the life of Genghis Khan is complete and well thought out, and he is absolutely focused on his subject. Where necessity dictates a digression, there he will digress. Where he needs to venture further afield and take stock of the Mongol’s legacy, he will duly venture as far as he must, though not a step further. Few readers will find cause for complaint, or question the thoroughness of his coverage. The photographs included have (for the most part) no bearing or relevance on the subject, but shoddy photographs are not a cause for panning a history book. Despite this thorough and complete look at the Khan, it was a little disappointing to find so little about Kubilai Khan, or Timur Lane. Ratchnevsky is not to be blamed for omitting characters decades removed from his subject, but he might own a little guilt for treating his subject a little too myopically. As far as he promises, there he delivers. Everything about Genghis Khan is present – Ratchnevsky missed nothing – and yet his history is a little hollow, a little bland and perhaps somewhat too academic, without the flair or personality of some more engaging writers. For those sick of sensationalism in their history, this will be a breath of fresh air; for those looking for a quick reference book, this will do nicely. For those looking to immerse themselves in the tarry air of the yurt, the hot breath of the horse and the chilly reaches of the steppe, this book will be a massive disappointment.	cc/2019-30/en_head_0039.json.gz/line751
__label__wiki	0.81533	0.81533	The New York Times’ Jewish Problem Aaron Kliegman - April 29, 2019 6:20 PM It is tempting to dismiss the anti-Semitic cartoon that the international edition of the New York Times published Thursday as an isolated—albeit egregious—mistake. There would be no deeper problem for the Times to confront, no further reason for the public to acknowledge that anti-Semitism has become acceptable in the supposedly liberal and enlightened West. But such a dismissal would ignore a harsh truth: the Times is fostering anti-Semitism masquerading as social justice. For those who did not see it, the cartoon, which appeared in the opinion section, shows a guide dog with a big nose and the face of Israeli Prime minister Benjamin Netanyahu leading a blind Donald Trump wearing a yarmulke. Just to make sure readers do not miss the identity of the dog, it has a Star of David hanging from its collar. The cartoon doesn’t even have anything to do with the article below it. It’s as if the editors went, "interesting article, but we need more anti Semitism" pic.twitter.com/QAq7rrE8Am — Harry Khachatrian (@Harry1T6) April 27, 2019 The image would not have looked out of place in Nazi Germany. Jews are not only caricatured, but also degraded as dogs. And they are portrayed as wily schemers, looking to gain advantage. Moreover, the cartoon's obvious message is that Israel controls American policy, if not America itself, with the United States blindly following the Jewish state wherever it wants to go. Joseph Goebbels would be impressed. Indeed, users on social media noted the similarities to an image from Nazi Germany showing another caricature of a Jew—only this time he is leading Winston Churchill as they walk atop the earth. On the left, a blind world leader (trump) being led by a Jew in the @nytimes, 2019. On the right, a blind world leader (Churchill) being led by a Jew in Nazi germany, 1940. Chilling. Shocking. Unacceptable. H/t @kishkushkay pic.twitter.com/PLrBcMRLw6 — Daniella Greenbaum Davis (@DGreenbaum) April 28, 2019 Over the weekend, after receiving significant backlash for publishing the cartoon, the Times released an editor's note calling the image, which was then deleted, "offensive," adding that it was "an error of judgment to publish it." When the criticism did not stop, the paper's opinion section issued an apology, and acknowledged that the cartoon is anti-Semitic. The Times explained that a "single editor working without adequate oversight" downloaded the cartoon and decided to run it. But do not worry; the Times says that the matter remains under review, and that it anticipates "significant changes." In other words, publishing the cartoon was, according to the Times, a major blunder due to a poor internal process. Beyond that, nothing to see here: once the problem is fixed, everyone can go on living his or her lives. But this incident was much more than a one-time mistake; it is part of a deeply entrenched culture at the paper that goes back decades. In his latest column, Bret Stephens writes in the Times that, for some readers, the paper "has a longstanding Jewish problem, dating back to World War II, when it mostly buried news about the Holocaust, and continuing into the present day in the form of intensely adversarial coverage of Israel." This description is correct but does not quite show the extent of the Times‘ "Jewish problem." In 2015, for example, the Times famously created a Jew tracker. No, that is not a typo. For those who may not remember, the Times published a list tracking which Jewish American lawmakers voted against the nuclear deal with Iran. The list included columns that read "Jewish?" and "State and estimated Jewish population." Even worse, Jewish lawmakers and those who represent a district with a larger Jewish population than the U.S. average were singled out with a yellow highlight. For those who do not get the significance, during the Holocaust Jews were forced to wear yellow Stars of David, also to single them out from the crowd. The list was just plain creepy, and chilling. Consider the clear implication: that Jews were more likely to oppose the nuclear deal out of loyalty to Israel. How is that not anti-Semitic? The Times quietly removed the list after the backlash became too much. Another example: just last week, the Times had to issue a correction to an opinion piece to clarify that Jesus was "a Jew born in Bethlehem." An original version of the article said that Jesus "was most likely a Palestinian man with dark skin." It took a full week for the paper to acknowledge the error. Apparently the Times did not see a problem with rewriting history to make Jews look bad—at least until it got hammered for doing so. And then there is the Times‘ coverage of Israel, both in its straight-news and opinion sections, which consistently demonizes the Jewish state and supports those who seek to delegitimize it. The paper constantly publishes articles that back the anti-Semitic Boycott, Divestment, and Sanctions (BDS) movement, which is a form of economic warfare against Israel meant to destroy the Jewish state. Moreover, a study from 2014 by the Committee for Accuracy in Middle East Reporting in America found that the Times is nearly seven times more likely to publish pieces "primarily critical of Israel than those primarily critical of the Palestinians," and that the paper is "twice as likely to publish opinion pieces that predominantly support the Palestinian narrative about which side deserves more sympathy or criticism than pieces that predominantly support the Israeli narrative." The numbers do not always capture the egregiousness of some of these stories, such as a 4,700-word article from December that portrayed Israeli soldiers as bloodthirsty savages in the death of a young Gazan medic when, in reality, the killing was unintentional, the result of an "improbable" incident involving a ricocheting bullet. Despite this history, the most recent cartoon may be a new low for the Times. But what is remarkable is that, despite its apology and the wave of criticism that it received, the paper still proceeded to publish another cartoon of Netanyahu over the weekend—and while this one was not so Naziesque, it still portrayed the Israeli premier negatively and showed a Star of David. This appeared in @nytimes international edition this weekend. Whatever your interpretation of this particular image, we can only conclude that the New York Times is deliberately giving the Jewish community the proverbial finger even while it apologizes for its other cartoon. pic.twitter.com/PrX0TC1ffk Recent Stories in Issues Ohio AG to Review Federal Access to Driver's License Photo Database ATF Announces Campaign to Crack Down on Straw Purchases in Baltimore Oklahoma, J&J Reach End of First National Opioid Trial — HonestReporting (@HonestReporting) April 29, 2019 This is the behavior of people who are illogically obsessed. They just cannot help themselves and must demonize Israel, no matter what. This illogical obsession eerily resembles the crazed fixations that anti-Semites have on Jews being the cosmic evil behind so much of what is wrong in the world. But today, one just needs to explain that they are only talking about Israel and they are absolved of all charges of anti-Semitism. At a certain point, one cannot plead ignorance and write off incidents that flirt—to use a kind term—with anti-Semitism as mistakes. There is clearly a dark culture at the Times that fosters this kind of behavior. Those who lament the resurgence in anti-Semitism in the Western world cannot overlook the role of the Times, which is normalizing civilization’s oldest virus under the guise of defending social justice for the Palestinians against Israel. This entry was posted in Issues and tagged Anti-Semitism, Benjamin Netanyahu, Israel, New York Times. Bookmark the permalink. Aaron Kliegman is the news editor of the Washington Free Beacon. Prior to joining the Free Beacon, Aaron worked as a research associate at the Center for Security Policy, a national security think tank, and as the deputy field director on Micah Edmond's campaign for U.S. Congress. In December 2016, he received his master's degree from Johns Hopkins University’s Global Security Studies Program in Washington, D.C., with a concentration in strategic studies. He graduated from Washington and Lee University in 2014 and lives in Leesburg, Virginia. His Twitter handle is @Aaron_Kliegman. He can be reached at kliegman@freebeacon.com.	cc/2019-30/en_head_0039.json.gz/line753
__label__wiki	0.502312	0.502312	Fiți activ Avertisment: Acestă pagină nu a fost încă tradusă. Mai jos este este versiunea originală a paginii. Vă rugăm să folosiţi acestă pagină pentru a afla cum ne puteţi ajuta cu traduceri şi alte activităţi de voluntariat. What means Free Software and why matters, May 22nd 2009 The following is a transcript of a lecture given by Richard Stallman in Bucharest on May 22nd 2009. The lecture was given in English. You may also be interested in our list of transcripts by Richard Stallman. Richard Stallman launched the GNU project in 1983, and with it the Free Software movement. Stallman is the president of FSF - a sister organisation of FSFE. Transcription of this presentation was undertaken by Răzvan Sandu (see also his blog). Please support work such as this by joining the Fellowship of FSFE, by donating to FSFE, and by encouraging others to do each. Lecture sections What is Free Software? Four essential freedoms Freedom two Freedom zero Freedom one Freedom three The four freedoms benefit to everybody Software freedom is the way to democracy The GNU-Project The name GNU Value Freedom - Teach People to value Freedom Who controls your computer? Forty years ago people used to be very worried that computers would take over the world. They were very afraid but now we know that computers do what people tell them to do - and nothing else. Which people tell your computer what to do? Is your computer doing what you tell it to do or is it doing what Microsoft tells it to do? If you're running Windows, it's Microsoft that really tells your computer what to do. But if you're using MacOS, then it's Apple that really tells your computer what to do. Or maybe some of the time it's Adobe that tells your computer what to do. Or a bunch of other companies that make proprietary software. Because if you are using proprietary software on your computer, that means the program's developer controls what it does and you, the user, don't. And that's why it's vital to use Free Software, ”free” as in ”freedom”. ( go to menu ) [Section: What is Free Software?] Free Software means software that respects the users' freedom and the social solidarity of the users' community. So, it's ”free” as in ”freedom”, not as in price: think of ”free speech”, not ”free beer” if you want to understand the word ”free” when it appears in the combination ”Free Sofware”. Free Software respects the user's freedom, but proprietary software keeps the users divided and helpless. Divided, because they're forbidden to share it; and helpless, because they don't have the source code, so they can't change it, they can't even independently check what it's really doing to them – and, often, it does something rather nasty. However, what I've said is rather general: software should respect your freedom. What exactly does that mean? I need to say something more specific. (go to menu ) [Section: Four essential freedoms] A program is Free Software if you, the user, have the four essential freedoms. Freedom 0 is the freedom to run the program as you wish. Freedom 1 is the freedom to study the source code and then change it to make the program do what you wish. Freedom 2 is the freedom to help your neighbour – that's the freedom to make and distribute exact copies of the program to others, when you wish. And Freedom 3 is the freedom to contribute to your community: that's the freedom to distribute copies of your modified versions, when you wish. If the program gives you all four of the essential freedoms, than it's Free Software, which means that the social system of its distribution and use is ethical, because it respects the users' freedom and the users community. But, if one of these freedoms is missing or insufficient, then the program is proprietary software, users subjugating software, because the social system of its distribution and use puts the developer in a position of power over the users, which means it doesn't respect their freedom: the users of that program are not fully in control of what it does. Thus, to develop a free program and make it available to others is a contribution to society – how much of a contribution, that depends of all the details, but, at least is being offered to society in an ethical way. But, when a program is proprietary software, its use is a social problem. If the program has attractive features, those are the bait for the trap: they attract users to give up their freedom and become users of this program – and, really, that shouldn't happen, it shouldn't be done at all. The aim of the Free Software Movement is to put an end to this social problem: all software should be free, so that all users can be free. But why are these four freedoms essential? Why define Free Software this way? Each of these freedoms is essential for a reason. (go to menu ) [Section: Freedom two] Freedom 2, the freedom to help your neighbour, is essential on fundamental moral grounds, so that you can lead an upright ethical life, as a good member of your community. If you use a program that does not give you Freedom no. 2, the freedom to redistribute exact copies when you wish, then you are in danger of falling into a moral dilemma: At any moment, whenever your friend says: ”This program is nice, could I have a copy?”, at that moment you would face a choice between two evils. One evil is to give your friend a copy and violate the license of the program; the other evil is to deny your friend a copy and comply with the license of the program. If you're in the dilemma, you ought to choose the lesser evil which is to give your friend a copy and violate the license of the program. What makes this evil the lesser evil? Well, if you can't avoid doing wrong to somebody or other, it's better to do wrong to the one who deserves it: the developer of the program. You see, we can assume that your friend is a good friend and a good member of your community and normally deserves your cooperation. By contrast, the developer of this proprietary program has deliberately attacked the social solidarity of your community. So, if you're stucked doing wrong either to your friend or the developer, do it to the developer. But, being the lesser evil, this not mean it's good. It's never a good thing to make an agreement and break it – not even in cases like this, where the agreement is inherently evil and keeping it is worse than breaking it; still, breaking it is not good. And, if you give your friend a copy, what would she have? She would have an unauthorised copy of a proprietary program - and that's something rather nasty, almost as nasty as an authorised copy would be. So, once you have fully understood this dilemma, what should you really do? What you should do is make sure you are never in this dilemma. I know of two ways to do that. One is: don't have any friends. That's the method implicitly suggested by the proprietary software developers. The other method is: reject proprietary software! If you don't have the program, you don't have to worry what you will do if your friend asks for a copy from you. That is my method. If someone offers me an attractive, convenient program on the condition I promise not to share with other people, I say ”No”, I say ”My conscience will not allow me to accept such a condition”. And that's you should say, too. And you should also reject the propaganda terms that the proprietary software developers use to demonize the act of cooperation - terms like ”pirate”. When they compare people who share software with pirates, what are they really saying? They're saying that helping your neighbour is the moral equivalent of attacking a ship. Morally speaking, nothing could be more wrong than that, because attacking ships is very bad, but helping your friends and your neighbours is good. So, don't call it ”piracy”. When they call it ”piracy”, say ”No”. When people ask me what do I think of ”piracy”, I say ”Attacking ships is very bad”. And when they ask me what I think of ”software piracy” or ”music piracy” I say ”As far as I know, pirates don't attack using computers or by playing musical instruments badly, they use arms”. Don't fall into the trap of repeating the enemy's propaganda. So, that's the reason for Freedom 2, the freedom to help your neighbour, the freedom to redistribute exact copies of the program when you wish. (go to menu ) [Section: Freedom zero] Freedom 0, the freedom to run the program as you wish is essential for a different reason, so you can control your computing. It may be surprising, but there are proprietary programs that restrict even how people, the authorised users, use the authorised copies. That's obviously not having control of your computing! So Freedom 0 is essential, but it's not enough, because that just means you can either do or not do whatever the code of the program is set up to permit, and it's the developer who decides that, so the developer still controls you. Not through the license, but instead through the code of the program, but it comes to the same thing. go to menu ) [Section: Freedom one] In order to control your computing, you also need Freedom 1, which is the freedom to study the source code and then change it, to make the program do what you wish – this way, you decide what your computing is gonna be, instead of letting the developer decide and impose his decisions on you. Now, if you use a program without Freedom 1, you can't even tell what it's doing: many of these programs have malicious features, to do things like spy on the user, restrict the user, even attack the user. One proprietary program you may of heard of, that does all three, is called Microsoft Windows: we know of features to spy on the user, we know of Digital Restrictions Management or DRM features, designed to restrict users and we know of a backdoor that enables Microsoft to attack the user; in fact, this backdoor is so gaping that Microsoft has total control over the user, because Microsoft can forcibly change the software at any time, without asking the user's permission. So that user may think he controls his computer, but, really, Microsoft has total power! But, please don't think that Microsoft is uniquely evil and only Microsoft would do this. In fact, MacOS X is pretty much the same: we know of features to restrict the user - Digital Restrictions Management – and there is a backdoor which allows Apple to forcibly change the software in any way, at any time, without asking the user's permission. So it's just as bad, there's nothing to choose from between them. And this appears to be the natural endpoint of proprietary software: many cellphones are set up the same way. There is a company that can change the software whenever it wishes and the user who supposedly owns the cellphone has nothing to say about it. What it's happening here is: proprietary software is a system that gives the developer unjust power over the users. Now, when someone greedy has unjust power over others, what is he going to do with this power? He's gonna use it to try to get more power, more and more, until he has total power. And that's what they've done! Several different companies, in parallel. So, this is what proprietary software tends to lead to: total power, not just power that they shouldn't have. Now, I won't claim that all the developers of proprietary software put in malicious features: I suppose some do and some don't. But, when a program doesn't give you Freedom no. 1, there is no way to tell if it has malicious features - in general. Once in a while we discover some, but, there are many programs in which we don't know of any malicious features. But maybe they have them or maybe they don't: we can't identify among all the programs without Freedom 1, we can't identify any that certainly have no malicious features – cause there's no way to check! But I presume they are some. The problem is: you never know if the program you're using is one of them! But, even, know, we can identify those programs, I can make a statement about them all: their developers are humans, so they make mistakes. And the code of those programs has bugs, and a user of a program without Freedom 1 is just as helpless facing an accidental bug as facing an intentional malicious feature. If you use a program without Freedom 1, you are a prisoner of the software you use. We, the developers of Free Software, are humans too, so we also make mistakes and the code of our free programs has bugs. But, if you encounter a bug in our code – or anything you don't like – you are free to change it, cause we didn't make you a prisoner. We can't be perfect, we can respect your freedom. Thus, Freedom 1 is essential, but it's not enough, because that's the freedom to personally study and change the source code. What if you're one of those millions of users that don't know how to program? Than you can't study and change the source code yourself; but even for programmers like me, Freedom 1 is not enough, because there is so much Free Software in the world that nobody is capable of studying and mastering all the source code and personally making all the changes that she may want - because that is more work than any one human being can do. (go to menu ) [Section: Freedom three] So the only way we can fully have control of our computing is to do it working together, cooperating – and for that we need Freedom 3, the freedom to contribute to your community, the freedom to distribute copies of your modified versions, when you wish. This allows people to cooperate. Here's an example: suppose a few people release a free program and a lot of us use it because we like it, but we wish it has certain additional features; or someone can start with this version, add some of those features and release his modified version; and someone else can start with that, add some more features and release her modified version; and then a few people can start with that, add the rest of these features and release their modified version; and then we'll have those features and we'll say ”Thank you for cooperating to make these improvements”.And thus, when we have all four freedoms, we, the users, are in control of our own computing lives. (go to menu) [Section : The four freedoms benefit to everybody] Now, all the users get the benefit of the four freedoms. Every user can directly exercise Freedoms 0 and 2, the freedom to run the program as you wish and freedom to redistribute exact copies, because these don't require programming: anybody who can use the program can figure out how to do these things and they do them. Freedoms 1 and 3, the freedom to study and change the source code and then optionally distribute copies of your modified versions, these entail programming, so not everybody knows how to do them. And so there are people who can't directly exercise these freedoms. But, when others, the programmers, exercise these freedoms and when they publish their modified versions, all the rest of us can then install those modified versions or not, as we prefer. So we all receive the benefits of living in a society where people have the four freedoms, even when we don't exercise them directly. In addition, those who don't know how to program and can't directly exercise Freedoms 1 and 3, can indirectly take advantage of them. Suppose that you run a business which uses computers, as most businesses do, but supppose that you don't know anything about programming, cause your business is in some other field. Most businesses are not in the software field: they use computers, but they use them to do other things. Well, if you recognise that, supposing a program were changed, your business would run more efficiently and you'd make more money, it would be worth it to you to pay a programmer to implement that change, if the price is right. So, if it's Free Software, you can look around for a programmer who's willing to undertake the changes you want, or some fraction of them, for a price you think it's suitable. Then you exercise your Freedom no. 2 to give that programmer an exact copy of the version that you are using. Then that programmer exercises his Freedom 1, studying the source code of that version and changing it to implement the changes you wanted. And then, he exercises his Freedom no. 3, to give you a copy of his modified version. An then, assumming it works, you pay him for this work. So, in this scenario, you use the fact that other users have Freedoms 1 and 3, you pay them to exercise those freedoms for you, and so you get the benefit. An important part of Free Software business works this way, and this is why Free Software is a tremenduos benefit to all businesses that use computers: they deserve the four freedoms, just as individuals in their non-commercial lives deserve the four freedoms, just as every user deserves the four freedoms. (go to menu) [Section : Software freedom is the way to democracy] And the end, combined result of the four freedoms is democracy. A free program develops democratically, under the control of its users. Because all the users can participate as much as they wish in the social decision about the future of this program, which is simply the sum total of all the individual decisions that people make about what to do with the program. By contrast, a proprietary program develops under the dictatorship of its developer, the autocracy of its developer, who uses that program as an instrument to impose his power on users who he can then bully, command and mistreat – and exploit. So, on one hand we have individual freedom, social solidarity and democracy; on the other, we have a dictatorship. Society must choose Free Software and reject proprietary software. There is no excuse for anyone to have the unjust power that proprietary software gives to its developer. You shouldn't let anyone have that kind of power over you, so you need to reject proprietary software. But society also should reject it. The aim of the Free Sofware movement is the liberation of the cyberspace and all his inhabitants – we should all have freedom! (go to menu) [Section : The GNU-Project] This is why, in 1983, I announced the plan to develop the GNU Operating System. It wasn't just that I've felt like developing an operating system; of course, I knew any programming project would be fun if I succeded in doing it, but that's not what it was about – the reason was for freedom. Because, at the time, it was impossible to use a computer and have freedom. Because a computer won't run without an operating system and all the operating systems for the modern computers of the day were proprietary, so there was no way to buy an new computer and run it and have freedom. You always had to install a proprietary operating system and that meant giving up your freedom. So, how can I change that? I didn't think I could change it by organizing a protest movement, because too few people agreed with me. So, instead, I had the idea that I could change the situation by developing another operating system and I stood a chance of succeding at that because operating system development was my field; and then, being the author, I could legally make it free, giving all users freedom and then, everybody will be able to use their computers in freedom with the system I would write. So, I decided to invite other people to join in the development to make it Free Software... [sorry]... to get it done sooner and... [I guess I should take that over]... I decided to invite others to join in the development to get it finished sooner, I decided to follow the design of Unix so that it would be a portable system, capable of running on various different kinds of computers, cause I knew that in five or ten years computers would be different, I wanted the system to continue to be capable of running on future computers.And then I decided to make it compatible with Unix, so that the many users of Unix would find it easy to switch. (go to menu) [Section : The Name GNU] And then I gave it the name GNU, as a joke, because GNU it's a recursive acronym: it stands for ”GNU's Not Unix”. Now, this follows a custom among certain programmers and community which I belong to, that when you had to write a new program similar to some existing program, a humorous way of giving credit to the older program was you could give your program a name which is a recursive acronym saying that your program is not the other one. So, I've followed that tradition, especially since it gave me the opportunity to use the funniest word in the English language as the name. The reason this word is so full of humour is because, according to the dictionary, the G is silent and is pronounced ” 'NU ” (”new”), so any time you wanted to write the word ”GNU”, you can spell it ”G.N.U” and you've got a joke – maybe not a very good joke, but there are lots of them. However, when it's the name of our system, please do not follow the dictionary: if you talk about the ”New” Operating System, you'll get people confused. You see, we've been working on it for 25 years now, so it's not new anymore, but it still is GNU. And it will be always be GNU, even if some people make the mistake of calling it Linux. But how that strange error get started? Well, what happened was, in 1990, we had almost all of the system but one important piece was missing, so the Free Software Foundation hired somebody to write that piece. That piece is called the kernel: it's the program that allocates the computer's resources to the other programs that it run. Well, our kernel project took a long time, it sort of runs but it doesn't works very well, so we don't use it. And someone else wrote a kernel, in 1991, and it released it under the name ”Linux”. Initially, it was not Free Software, but in 1992 he changed the license and he made it Free Software; so, at that point, the combination of the almost complete GNU system and Linux, this one other program, made a complete free operating system. And this is what made it possible, for the first time, to buy a PC and use it in freedom by installing a complete free operating system – a system which is basically the GNU system but which also contains this program, Linux. So, if you call it ”GNU/Linux” or ”GNU+Linux” you give credit to the people who started the development, as well as to the person who developed the last piece that finished it. (go to menu) [Section : Value Freedom - Teach People to value Freedom] Today, tens of millions of people run the GNU/Linux system, maybe more than a hundred million. Unfortunately, that's still a small fraction of computer users and, even worse, most of those people still use some proprietary programs, so they have not completely attained freedom. Nearly all of the hundreds of distributions of GNU/Linux contain proprietary programs or install proprietary programs or stirr users toward proprietary programs, which means that they're not entirely ethical. So on gnu.org or fsf.org you can find the list of the few GNU/Linux distributions which are entirely free, which don't recommend the people give up their freedom. If you value freedom, you need to use one of them; but, above all, if you you value freedom, you need to teach other people to value freedom. Because if they are few of us and we try to fight to defend our freedom, our chances of winning are smaller, but if we teach other people to appreciate freedom also and they join in, our chances are greater. This is why I don't participate in advocating Open Source. You see, Open Source is basically a way of talking about Free Software, but hushing up the issue of freedom. The people who chose to start saying ”Open Source” in 1998 were the people in the Free Software community that didn't want to raise this question at all: somehow, it made them feel unconfortable or they thought they would make other people feel unconfortable or, some of them, wanted to distribute proprietary software and they didn't want their potential customers to see any reason to say ”No” to it. So, for their various reasons, they chose to forget about freedom, they chose to construct a different discourse but never raise this issue. Well, if people develop Free Software for those motives, their contribution is still good; but, in the long term, our future depends above all on what we value. If we value freedom, we will make an effort to gain freedom and to hold on to our freedom; if we don't know what freedom means, if we've never even heard the concept, we're not likely to make that effort. So, I came to the conclusion that there's simply no use in promoting Open Source, it was a distraction, because it failed to mention the most important point. That's why I give speeches like this, talking about Free Software. I hope you'll join me in spreading the ideas of Free Software; for more information, look at gnu.org and fsf.org. We also have sister organizations, FSF Europe, which is at fsfeurope.org, FSF Latin America, which is at fsfla.org and FSF India, which is at gnu.org.in. Thank you very much! Ultima modificare: 2019-06-12 17:35:56 (automatic) Verbatim copying and distribution of this entire article is permitted in any medium, provided this notice is preserved. JavaScript Licences	cc/2019-30/en_head_0039.json.gz/line757
__label__cc	0.703902	0.296098	Skadi Forum > General Discussion > The Hearth > Cities/Suburbs/Countryside - What's Your Ideal Place to Live? View Full Version : Cities/Suburbs/Countryside - What's Your Ideal Place to Live? Johannes de León Please vote. :) I live in an almost rural (although it's considered suburban) area close to a metropolitan core. I would love to live in a metropolitan mean. I love the fast pace, upcoming technology, many people, and more resources available. Monday, July 19th, 2004, 11:15 PM I live in new york city, it has it's good points and bad points, but I like being around people, being born here you get to know the do's and don'ts, you get to know which areas are safe and which are no..no's. But it is an exciting city and you can buy most anything here, and their are plenty of woman to pick from :D New York , New York! it's a wonderful town :) Strengthandhonour My ideal place to live, is a small town in the mountains near a big city, with lots of trees, very quiet and calm and relaxing, surrounded by big mountains. Tuesday, July 20th, 2004, 01:52 AM My ideal place to live, is a small town in the mountains near a big city, with lots of trees, very quiet and calm and relaxing, surrounded by big mountains. So you want something like this?? :D Switzerland - Lake Gruyre So you want something like this?? :D -packs up his bags and gets his airplane ticket to Switzerland- :D I'd love to live in Montenegro where a mix of both is possible. In some relatively small mediterranean town. It's great, the distances between towns and cities is small. You can spend your days on the clear adriatic seas, enjoying the sun and then spend your nights in the mountains, where it's cold and the air is clear. Telperion You can spend your days It sounds rather like southern California (without the urban sprawl, traffic congestion, air pollution, rampant crime and invading hordes of barbarians). Alkman I live in my ideal place. Athens Yep, Greece is lovely. EYTYXEITE! Dear Alkman, be serious! We are living in modern 'Athens'... don't forget it when you mention the term 'ideal'... Kindest Regards! Έστωσαν οι Θεοί αρωγοί Υμών! It depends on your activity. Each mean has its advantages: if you're into scientifical research, your lab is surely in a metropolitan area, so it would be nicer not to spend too much time for going to work, since you are often there. The rural envirnoment has also its advantages, the calm, the tranquility, the good air, but you will be forced to pass the big road blocks in the morning in order to get to your work. Of course, if you have a profession which does not request the presence into a metropolitan area, it's ok. Tuesday, July 20th, 2004, 01:47 PM Έστωσαν οι Θεοί αρωγοί Υμών!You have a point ,if you refer to how modern Athens was structured.But it rains less than 10 days per year,sun is shining the rest of it,your eyes can rest wathcing the sea (i live in Pireus ;) ) The rest can be fixed My ideal setting would be in the wilderness, surrounded by pine trees and as far away from 'civilization' as possible. I'd like to live in a yurt or log cabin. I'd like to have a vegetable garden and hunt/fish for my own food, cook it on an open fire, sew my own clothes, a few horses as my transportation. Rejecting the modern world and teaching myself basic ancient human skills. Back-to-barbarian-roots survivalism. Perhaps in a small community or clan of like-minded people. Pretty crazy, huh? :) But in real life it is either Northern Michigan (http://forums.skadi.net/showthread.php?t=14503) or rural Southern Hungary (http://forums.skadi.net/showpost.php?p=101112&postcount=3) for me. :) He...he... Békéscsaba is near Arad and near Romania. You should also spend some time in Romania and you will perhaps have other views. :) It's good to have a dream! but you have to know where to seperate the dream from reality, if you live in your dream to much it can cause you problems in the real world, it begins to distort your thinking, and cause problems for you in your real life. Nordgau Kurt Tucholsky characterized the ideal place to live as: vorne Kufürstendamm, hinten Ostsee. Brought into an American context: At the frontdoor the Fifth Avenue, at the backdoor Yellowstone National Park. Not at all LG--don't listen to nemo--he's just trying to burst your bubble. Locked in the vile pit that is NYC, I'm not surprised at his remarks... Anyway--rural fellow all the way here. I wouldn't "trade it for the world"... ;) Here's a picture of the 'downtown' near me. I live about 2 miles above this village in the hills... http://www.naturereflection.com/images/Landscapes/Scenic/SL207Lg.jpg New York is only a vile pit to the weak hearted, their are many good places in NYC, and you can do more in NYC in one day then you could do in a life time up in the hills with the birds and bees :) BTW! remember all bubbles have to eventually burst! and when they do you wind up all wet. Remember! people who live to much in a dream, it is because they cannot cope with reality, and dreaming is an escape from the present. My post to Lg was not intended to put her down, but only an opinion on what she said. It appeared to me that she wanted to know what others thought of her dream. Phlegethon I'd want to live in a place where I could find a halfway decent job. Apparently this rules out both rural and metropolitan for me. So I guess I'd want to live where I could live on welfare. Dear Alkman,living in Pireus, you are very lucky, indeed! You have a point ,if you refer to how modern Athens was structured.But it rains less than 10 days per year,sun is shining the rest of it,your eyes can rest wathcing the sea (i live in Pireus ;) ) I live in the countryside in the hills. I'd like to live in Alaska - I like cold weather, high latitudes, rugged terrain, sparse population and wilderness. :) The north coast of Scotland is great too though; I'm attached to Britain's, old, dingy, despondent style. It appears to me, that many of you people here are very introverted :shrug All of the normal people are susceptible to brainwashing. Only the freaks are left ha ha ha. :D Or the elite if you want to look at it that way. I feel like one of the last humans, on 'Invasion of the Bodysnatchers', surrounded by things the shape of people, which seem on the surface to be normal, talk normally, act normally, but there's just something not quite right about them which one can't put one's finger on - and then one can understand that they aren't human actually any more than a doll is human, they're just pretending. They're like a computer program and when I look into their face I see a blank screen with nothing behind it. So it is natural for me and people like me, which I think most people here are although I may be an extreme case, to be alienated from the herd. One can have a conversation with normal people as one can have a conversation with a small child if one is in the mood, but it grows tiresome after a short while. I would say that maybe 50% of the people you mention that I meet are that way, but the others could be very interesting. When picking friends it is like picking out apples, the rotton ones you don't take, just the good apples you keep. Ewergrin When life gives you lemons, make lemonade... or hurl them at someone selling lemonade. Wednesday, July 21st, 2004, 06:49 PM Sure Nemo, sure. There is more to do and see in NYC than in the countryside only for those blinded by urbanism and immune to subtlties of the country year. I'll glady take birds and bees over filth and soot. :-O Do me a favor, please--tell your NYC ilk that Vermont totally sucks and that they should stop moving here! :D (:o The same goes for me... I have some kind of cityphobia. :D well actually Vermont is a beautiful state, and a very pleasant place to go on vacation. But being born in a large city like NYC, as much as attractive Vermont is, I don't beleive I could live their all year round, because I am accustomed to a city life, and might find living in Vermont becoming a little boring for me. You were born their so you are accustomed to it. You know the old saying!" some people like apple pie, and some people like lemmon pie", in other words to each his own One mans medicine, is another mans poison ! who the hell said that? :D Gesta Bellica that's my hometown, the picture sucks but just to give ya an hint about where do i live.. i like it, it's not far from Milan then i can have the best of both worlds ;) See, that's what I like. Live in a small and quiet place(very peaceful) but have a nice big city near you for those times when you are bored. In the mountains of Ireland is where I'll be moving to. OK--I agree that "to each his own". I just sent you some rep points. ;) Taras Bulba Ironically I leave in between both rural and urban areas. So very often I experience both. So I dont have particular bias towards city or country. I love elements of both really. Although by urban I mean white urban areas. Minority filled urbanism is sickness. VNN had a good article explaining this in reference to Detroit, which is the area I live around. Since I have seen the russian-japan film Dersu Uzala of Akira Kurosawa link (http://images-jp.amazon.com/images/P/B00004Y7HL.01.LZZZZZZZ.jpg) Is Eastsibiria my ideal place. It was 10 years ago, i have always the same ideal. Thursday, July 22nd, 2004, 12:09 AM I was born and bred in the city and i love the choice and opportunites it gives people willing to use them. I also love the abundance of people, how you can meet new people every day and also how you can meet new girls without having to worry about veryone knowing your business or getting to nosey. On the other hand i also love the countryside, its far more beautiful and majestic than anything mans hands can ever immitate. But its so damn quiet and remote that i dont think i could live there indefinitely. Even with all a citys bad points (violence, dirt, crime, etc) id have to take it in preferance to the country. I was born a city boy and i guess ill die one. :D I've always argued for a balance between urbanism and ruralism; both provide something for a true folkish culture. The urban often provided the intellectual and high cultural achievements of the folk, while the rural often preserved the noble ideals and traditional folk culture(as opposed to the high culture of the urban). The sad thing is that the urban has become too commercialized and city planning encourages much that destroys the true potential of a city. I support the neo-traditionalist or sometimes called "New urbanism" intitiative which wishes to bring back more traditional forms of city planning that help produce a healthier and more communitarian city life. David Myatt had some good ideas about this as well. I agree with the Third Position stance: The Third Position believes that in a sane social order there is a vital balance to be struck between Ruralism and Urbanism. In and of itself, Ruralism is by far the healthier, for it possesses all that is essential to life, but this does not detract from the fact that a complementary urbanism - made up of hamlets, villages, market towns, centres of non-polluting technological advance, light industry and research institutes - can add much of use and benefit to human existence. This balance between Ruralism and Urbanism is held to be central to the worldview of the Third Position, for it determines, directly or indirectly, so much else of the programme of the Third Position. Thursday, July 22nd, 2004, 02:03 PM :cool I live in the Suburbs. Though I've had the experience of all three. I've lived in all three. Currently I live in a somewhat rural area on the outskirts of a huge suburb, roughly 15 minutes from where I grew up, which is basically in the middle of a huge evergreen forest. :thumbup I would never go back to living in the heart of a major city. I live in a huge Urban area, but my home is a rural area.:~( Some day I will go back.:) If demographics is anything to go by. The future of America will tend toward polarizaion and vast regional differences in "diversity". Even now most of the diveristy in concentrated on the East and West Coasts and the SouthWest. I myself live in an urban area, but my parents' home, which still is my "second home", is located in a rural area (but again close to the side of a bigger town). I grew up in a combination of urban areas and army bases, my dad was in the military for a long time. We settled finally in an urban area of Manchester, England near where both my parents grew up. I'm now living in a rural area in the USA, north-western Illinois to be more precise. Stuff: http://www.bbr.bund.de/infosite/grafik/abb17.jpg Part of the population Red: in the largest city. Light red: in the second to sixth largest cities. Pink: in all other cities. Green: outside of cities. http://www.bbr.bund.de/infosite/grafik/stadttypen.jpg Not much space left here. :\| Perhaps it's time Germany expands her borders. But not before doing a little internal house keeping. :D I live in the town because I have to to make a life for myself. I spend my weekends in the countryside however. There is a surprisingly large difference between the two, that is, between the people in the two and I think that most of the final resistance of the White Race to its death will come from the rural people. They are almost 100% White still and are a much healthier lot than the townies and what with the fuel protests and the Countryside Alliance and Scottish nationalism amongst other things they are getting going. Monday, July 11th, 2005, 12:27 AM I live in a rural area direct in a middle mountain range. My community has 5000 inhabitants, The next town is 30km away. ;) I LOVE it sooo much - the people, the silence, the nature. I´ll never move into a city! We have here all what we want. Even DSL. g And if I really like to go to the city, I´m in 30 min there by car. I live in a rural area direct in a middle mountain range. My community has around 5000 inhabitants. The next town is 30 kilometres away. I LOVE my village sooo much - the people, the silence, the nature! No crime, no HipHop, no degeneration, no torment of the mind. I´ll never move into a city! We have here all what we want...Even DSL. g And if I really like to go to the city, I´m in 30 min there - by car. I live in the mountains along with about 22 other full-time residents. About 40 miles away there is a town of about 1000 people. If we go "down" for the winter, our other residence has about 10,000 people scattered around a lake. Until about 1989 we lived in a city, a suburb of Los Angeles. I will never go back there. I'm an urban dweller. :( Odin Biggles I live in the mountains along with about 22 other full-time residents. About 40 miles away there is a town of about 1000 people. If we go "down" for the winter, our other residence has about 10,000 people scattered around a lake. Until about 1989 we lived in a city, a suburb of Los Angeles. I will never go back there. That sounds amazing.. I live in a slightly urban area, its not too big but not that small. Wednesday, July 13th, 2005, 03:56 AM I live in a Suburban area, always have, and I don't love it, though I'd kill myself if I had to live in an urban area. I always dream about living in a place such as Valkyrie's or Dr. Wolff's (I envy you people!!), but folks always tell me that I would have such a dull life. Don't worry, I don't take this seriously, I think that's just stupid generalization, totally subjective. Similar to when people say that life in Scandinavia is as boring. Funny, none who has told me that has ever lived over there, and none of them but for my grandma has ever been there. And even if they had, it's just plain generalization. Ah..those arguments piss me off! Friday, July 15th, 2005, 05:55 AM Rural here. "When we get piled upon one another in large cities, as in Europe, we shall become corrupt as in Europe, and go to eating one another as they do there." --Thomas Jefferson Saturday, November 10th, 2007, 11:52 AM Thought it would be interesting to see what percentage of Skadi Forum members come from the urban/rural area. Myself, I'm a decadent urban girl. :D Istigkeit I come from a big city in Kentucky. Oxymoron? Blood_Axis Saturday, November 10th, 2007, 12:09 PM Decadent urban girl also... :p Boche From an rural area of course, what's better than nature, silence, and big places you and/or your family own. I only go to urban areas if i want to go shopping for a whole day, or if there's a special place, like a concert, a cinema or something like this. In Cities i'm annoyed by the mass of people, tons of different ethnicities. And the disgusting smell which are typical in cities. Gruß, I can't answer. I was born in a large midwest city, lived in 3 of the ten largest metro areas in the US, but I've also lived in rural areas. I lived in rural areas surrounded by dairy farms & alfalfa fields that became shopping centers & subdivisions :rolleyes:. I currently live in a township that has approximately 1250 inhabitants spread out over 48 square miles. I feel mostly at home in the outer suburbs or the exburbs - a place with the feel of smalltown life but close to the amenities of the big city. I am the first generation in my family to be an urbanite - everyone before me in all my ancetoral lines lived in rural areas, in some case in the wilderness. Most of my cousins use to think me & my sisters were just stuckup or weird because of our city ways. We thought they were hillbillies.:D The Lawspeaker I was born in a city and grew up on the countryside, I came to dislike cities and hate having to live in a city (I am now living in one). But I have been invited by friends to move in with them as they are building a house on the Limburg countryside: off course I took the offer Couldn't agree more. I will end up in a similar situation like you again: I'll study in Maastricht and live outside a small village some 6 miles away from it. Close enough for the shops, and far away enough to avoid the smell. Lögsögumaður ladybright I was orignially from a rural/small town but have spent of of my life in Urban areas.:( I visted my Grandparents farm in a very rural area all summer from when I was 7 until I was 17. Between that, being a bookworm and my parents keeping a close eye on who I was friends with I semed to avoid much of the big city decadence and indoorness I am currently on the edge of a city so I can take my daughter to preschool on the city bus but am only 2 miles from orchards and farm stands. I do not like driving so being able to walk to a grocery store and drug store is important. (Walking is my main exersize.) I was born in a more urbanised area than I am now. I am currently living in between city and country... big houses, lots of trees, not much noise. :) Chakravartin I was born in a most urban centrum of evil and modernization. (http://theeyeofsauron.ytmnd.com/) I thought it was what one prefers though, so I accidently voted rural instead. :p I was born in London but my parents were (or should I say ARE) hippies (which is how they ended up in London oddly enough, being part of some "scene" lol how disgustingly bourgeois :p) and moved to a small town when I was four years old. I remember as a child feeling more affinity with the "energy" of cities but now I feel much much more at home in the country. I find cities horribly dehumanising. Soldier of Wodann Born and raised in a small town in Saarland. :D Now I live in a growing city with little/no nature around, sadly. Cuchulain I grew up in a huge city, went to college in the country, and now live back in the city. Can't wait to at least own a small place in the country if not live there full time. I´m a all rural girl, raised up in the low mountain range of the famous Bavarian forest and its lakes and rivers. http://www.fairkehr.de/fair_0403/reise/bayerwald.jpg I went to school in a city anyway, and I´m in the city (~30 kilometres away) around 5 times a week. But I´m living in the rural landscape and was raised up there. Well, I totally prefer the rural enviroment: I love the nature, the air, the monoethnical and conservative composition of the people and the living standard. :) Not even five devils can force me to move into a city! I was born in a city with about 150,000 people at the time, but my parents promptly moved us to a small village, where I spent most of my childhood roaming and exploring the forests, streams, lakes and swamps. I've always felt especially close to the land. Hard to answer, really. I grew up in one particular small town that forms part of the Greater Manchester conurbation, but still retains its own different feel, and in which I was only ever ten minutes' or so's ride from countryside with woods and fields. The Hills were only a halfhour's bus ride away too. In fact, the whole area was rather more 'post-urban' than urban, as all the old mills had closed and many were knocked down leaving large expanses of weed grown rubble that we called 'crofts'. I imagined it was like living in the ruins of Rome after the fall of the Empire, as I played in the ruins of what had been a major heartland of the Industrial Revolution. Nowadays, the 'crofts' are gone, having given way for shiny new warehouses and shopping centres... Now I live in the outskirts of Moscow, and take the Metro to work in the centre. I have to walk through a wood on the way to the station, so it's as though I live out of town in a way. OneEnglishNorman Sunday, November 11th, 2007, 12:34 AM Rural. But because England is so tiny, there are big towns not so far away. I like the rural environment very much. But I also believe that man improves the rural environs by building (improving) on it - roads, cattle grids, fences, clearing heathland, placing all dangerous animals into captivity, telephone poles and so on. To be honest urban/rural is a crappy choice. Surely living in a town or city right next to the sea is the best option. Sea=rural, but because it's water, no one can build tower blocks on it and ruin it. Freydis I was born by a city (hospital was there). The first few years of my life I was in a suburb and then we moved to the country when I was 5 or 6. I love it here. I'm glad to be raised here, I think it gives a more realistic outlook ^^. People raised in a city seem a lot different from me; since moving to Toronto I've found we clash on some issues. I was born in Los Angeles and raised in the post-war suburbs. At about 42 we moved to a very rural setting. All my family, except one daughter and her family in Seattle, live in a rural setting. None of us ever plan to return to a city. NUXiY A tiny rural village outside Stavanger, South-West Norway. I love it here, and could never even think about moving to the city. Here, I can take a walk in total solitude, without meeting anyone. In the city, that would be impossible. I also got nature all around me where I live :) http://i5.tinypic.com/6u48etv.jpg Now, now...I can't really vote in this poll. I'm really from neither. Fair enough, I was born pretty much what is as central in my hometown Innsbruck (130,000 inhabitants) as can be, but I only lived there for the first two years of my life before my parents divorced, and to be honest - I can't remember much of the living experience of it. ;) For the next two years, until my mom married my stepdad, my mother and I lived with my grandparents, in a village about 15 kilometres away from it. It's the last house towards the north in the village, so that's as close to nature as it would get. Well, anyway, when we moved in with my stepdad, that was technically moving back to the city...except that it wasn't. It is so far on the outskirts, that it was, and literally still is less than a 5 minute walk until you're in a green stretch of nature. Besides, I still ended up spending about half of my time at my grandparents', so I experienced a bit of the countryside feel as well. Anyway, when I came to boarding school in Scotland, that was as rural as it gets ... the nearby village had 200 inhabitants, about 2 miles away from the school; the next town of approx. 5,000 was about 8 miles away and the next "larger" settlement a good 15 miles away, but only counting about 30,000 inhabitants itself, which isn't a "large city" by any stretch of imagination. Anyway, when I came to university, one of the things (besides the academic aspect etc.) that actually made me go for Aberdeen is the fact that it is less than twice the size of my hometown (220,000 inhabitants), and because once you leave the city you're basically in a beautiful stretch of nature again. But it was only then that I really realised that I wasn't a city boy at all. Having to walk 20 minutes even to the seaside proves a horrendous concept most days, not to speak of it taking half an hour by bus to leave the city (the "central" bus station is right at the opposite end of town). And to be honest - I don't feel comfortable between these blocks of granite. (Though I do have my very special spots nearby which resemble a bit of a village feel - last year the historical Brig o' Balgownie and the adjacent few streets (huge place for romantic walks by the way :D), looking out towards the mouth of the Don was no three minutes away in walking distance. I sincerely miss home - that idea of being surrounded by our beautiful mountains, that idea of it taking a 200 yards walk to be out of the city, that idea of just being able to visit my beloved woodlands as often as I can without much effort to get there ... I miss it. Even the seaside can only give me so much solitude, but it will never replace that feeling of peace, solitude and even fulfilment that I enjoy when I walk the glades and forests. When I'm done with university, and finally settle down for good, I'd hope to get a bit of both worlds, but with a heavy bias towards country life. That is, it'd ideally have to be pretty much as close to the middle of nowhere as it gets, just outside some small village with a single street, a single pub and a single store ... but still within a distance where public transport can get me to civilisation within reasonable time should the car break down. But as long as I have my forests, my fields and perhaps even that good old little lake nearby, I'm happy. Well,I still don't know what I should vote for. Before they built the council estate down the road when I was about 12 and all the immigrants, social workers and other lowlifes moved in (sounds stereotypical, but that's really what it is :p), my area of the town didn't know any urban connotations...but we still enjoyed the best of both worlds. That is, until our neighbourhood was turned into hell. Next World Suburban... We've got lakes and streams and ponds and coastline, forests and marshes and hills and valleys. We're not far from mountains or skyscrapers, although we have neither in the city. It's a pretty docile place, but we have a large number of businesses, and whatever anyone could "want" in a materialistic sense isn't at all hard to get here. The two main hangouts are the mall and the town green. Depending upon one's inclinations, they might favor going for walks in our woods or parks, or going bowling or to "the rec". We don't have historic "districts" how a lot of places do, our history is spread out throughout the city. The mill over the river the city was named after is still intact, across from our fancy "business deal" restaurant, perhaps a bit ironic, as it is allegedly the same location where the local Amerindian tribe made a deal with the settlers handing our city's territory over. The first church built here is still standing by our new town hall. All of our famous people are stuck down in the graveyard, right alongside those who have recently died. Historic homes open for tours, where little old ladies are dressed up for the purpose of reinactment, are on the same streets as citizens'. We try to keep "big business" along the post road, so that we can still get around the city during the shopping season. Most of our schools follow a semi-romantic code of naming. The high schools are named after their founders--men who rose to the top on their own or something else fancy like that. The middle schools all have nautical themes--East Shore for those in the east district, West Shore for those in the west, and Harborside for those in the middle, right off of the Harbor in town center. The elementary schools--Live Oaks, Pumpkin Delight, Orchard Hills, Calf Pen, Simon Lake, all were given names reflecting the property the school is on. I went to Live Oaks, which was in fact, surrounded by an oak forest. A bit beyond the forest was a marsh that we walked on during ecology club, a little stream ran through it into a pond where we caught tadpoles in kindergarden. Orchard hills still has some apple trees sprouting on the property, and although there are no cows running around at Calf Pen, the "pen" is still intact. We get a decent amount of tourism, mainly older couples, and they always seem to think that some show or movie was filmed here. We have most of the benefits of urban life (close proximity to desired goods and services, wide selection, lots of "indoor" activities), without too much of the negatives (crime, heterogenic population, pollution, horrible traffic). We also have a lot of the benefits of rural life (a general "peace" about town, fresh air, lots of "outdoor" activities, a sense of closeness [sometimes it is irritating that everyone knows everybody, though], higher levels of safety, better personal care [education]), but we still lack a lot of the good points of a totally rural society (we waste a lot, we can't get much outside of fruits and veggies "fresh", a lot of our scenery gets "sold out" and blocked by expensive condominiums that the rich commuter population doesn't even bother buying). We can easily get to New York or a few other "big city" sort of places from here, the Yale campus and all of its resources are close by. Yet, it's only a short ways away to go mountain climbing, hiking, or skiing. I grew up seeing musicals and picnicking in the woods, tending a garden (both on personal and public land) and exploring shops. I think it was a nice childhood, and I don't think it could have been much better. Maybe, if we had a few more "dark zones" set off to reduce light pollution at night. That's the only thing I'm unwaveringly jealous of when I go to rural places. Tuesday, November 13th, 2007, 08:49 AM Born and lived in subburbs of big cities (LA&NYC) until age 3 Grew up and went to undergrad in rural areas of the midwest Age 21 to present urban areas including NYC, Boston, and San Antonio I much prefer the rural areas in general, but urban areas have their advantages as well, as far as job market and finding people with similar interests go Cythraul Tuesday, November 13th, 2007, 12:29 PM Depends on the definitions of "urban" and "rural". My whole life I've lived in a large village, but the distances between here and the nearby towns are small and the boundaries blurred. Furthermore, these big towns are now basically an extended suburb of Greater London, despite the fact that London is 30 miles away. My village is growing and growing, the traffic through it has increased hugely during my lifetime. Actually, the whole South-East of England is becoming so densely saturated that there are very few strictly "rural" places left here. Whenever I can, I drive or walk to the nearest woods, but they are so small you can usually walk from one side to the other in 20 minutes. I find it really sad and depressing that there's nowhere to explore or get lost in for a day anymore. The countryside calls to me and I plan to relocate to a place where I can answer that call. The Scottish Highlands is a likely candidate. Bridie I've lived in both rural and city areas throughout my life... my earliest memories were of living in suburban Winnipeg in Canada, then I mostly lived in very isolated rural areas from about the age of 7 onwards, until I left home at the age of 17... ever since then I've lived in the city, but I still feel out of place here... my heart longs for the earthiness, peace and solitude of very sparsely populated countryside... that's where I belong. Countryside through and through.... ;) IlluSionSxxx I'm born and raised in a village of between 1000 and 5000 inhabitants. It's located about 15 km from the most important cities in the area but it also borders various small forests. Besides that, my village of birth is also known for its agriculture and so are some of its neighboring villages. Hence, I'd say I come from a rural background, though the atmosphere is probably more comparable with a suburb than with the real desolate areas of rural Montana or Russia because Belgium is such a small country and everything is packed together much more densely than in the US or Russia. I find a lot of similarities with the suburban character Next World described in his latest post. In Belgium, even the most isolated towns are located no more than 50 km from one of the greater cities in the area. However, we don't have any real big cities. Some of the greatest cities in Belgium are : Brussels (1.031.215 inhabitants; for the entire Brussels district) Antwerp (466.203 inhabitants) Gent (235.143 inhabitants) Charleroi (201.550 inhabitants) Liege (188.907 inhabitants) Namur (107.653 inhabitants)In total, we have about 10.392.226 inhabitants in the entire country. I was born in a medium sized town, moved to Hessen for a few years as a baby for my dad to help unify Germany, then I moved into military installations that are neither "rural" nor "city".. I returned to the civilian world when I moved to New England where my family was from originally and have lived there ever since. For the majority of my life I have resided in a small quaint seaside town, so I just put down rural. I would turn down tripling my income if it involved a move to a large city. Hohenheim Thursday, November 15th, 2007, 10:48 AM Well, I was born in a city, and lived the most of my life here. But a large part of it I've also spent on the country. As I like rural areas more the urban, and taking into account that my parents and all my ancestors have been born in the countryside, I see it as my true home, and thus voted for 'rural'. And these are the magic lands for wich my heart beats. Home to elfs, vampires, forest and lake spirits, and many other creatures... http://album.rumba.ee/albums/kaur/Bosnia/92_magilehmad.sized.jpg http://www.zone-2000.net/gallery/wallp/_hires04.jpg http://www.umoljani.com/web/images/zoom/sela/selo1.jpg http://www.borasnica.ba/slike/prenj7.jpg When I was a child, my parents used to dress me like this while spending my days in the countyside. It's the traditional national costume (not 100 % like this on the pic, but almost the same). http://www.bosnafolk.com/sehara/nnosnje/images/19.jpg Great post Hohenheim. Beautiful pictures. But may I ask how you reconcile belief in mythical pagan creatures with a Christian faith? I'm not trying to be antagonistic, I'm just really curious. Thursday, November 15th, 2007, 03:36 PM I don't believe in such creatures. Or... I never thought about their existence, nor would it have any impact on my life, and is therefor no matter of importance for me. Why I mentioned them in my post is because I love the 'idea' of the, I like old folk tales and legends. Ferryman Urban male here! Allthough I like spending time outdoors and the summer cottage I dislike the atmosphere of hillbilly villages. Tuesday, January 8th, 2008, 02:09 PM I live in the urban area. I currently live in Nashville, the second most populated city in Tennessee. I spent most of my childhood living in small towns. Not exactly rural, more like suburban. I grew up in town where you could walk everywhere, me and my friends rode bikes and went fishing every other day. Nothing like the carefree innocence of childhood. I'm not a fan of big cities because their usually infested with undesirables. In Europe it's XXXslims, in America its Homo Africanus. Right now I go to College in a very Urban Area. Can't stand it. The Horned God Semi-Rural. I live about 5 miles away from a town of about 5,000 people. The county has a population of about 50,000 in all. This number probably sounds quite low compared to a county in say, England, but nevertheless there are houses seemingly everywhere you look. This is certainly the case where I live in the eastern part of the county, so my surroundings certainly don't feel remote. Siebenbürgerin Saturday, March 22nd, 2008, 12:28 AM Urban. I am from Hermannstadt, a city with a Population of 160,000. It isn't very big and it is an old City, very comfortable and with much Culture. Around it there are Villages and nice Landscape. So, while I live in the Urban Area, it doesn't feel very modern and urbanized. You can see the Hills and Mountains from here. http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d5/Sibiuphoto.jpg theTasmanian I live in a small town (tinny by euro and US standards) its in a farming river valley so its rural..mostly population of approximately 2690 ;) Eccardus Teutonicus Monday, March 31st, 2008, 08:44 PM Farm country, USA. Recently overrun by yuppies with their golden retrievers building McMansions all over the place and forcing farmers off their land. I was really glad to see when the Earth Liberation Front burned that new development out in Oregon to the ground. I wish more people would do stuff like that. Thrymheim Tuesday, April 1st, 2008, 04:09 PM I grew up in a small village pop 200 but ever since leaving home have been a city person, I find village life too slow and sleepy, however I would never raise children in a town or city, hypocrite, me, no! Thursday, April 3rd, 2008, 02:31 PM Recently overrun by yuppies with their golden retrievers Good Lord, they do that over there too?!? :p My aunt's husband has such pretensions and bought exactly that sort of dog. He wouldn't be seen walking anything else, and even said as much - proving how it's all about Show. Annoying thing is though, that it's possibly the breed least suited to this sort of people, being a real working dog. Naturally, when I mind it on occasion, I see that it's become totally spoilt. A sin. :mad: I am 'socially secure', and have a Jack Russell terrier cross, and am quite happy with that. :D I'd have a whippet, but then I'd be going too far in being the caricature of Lancastrian working man... Friday, April 4th, 2008, 04:51 AM Not uncommon at all. NYC and Boston were fun to live in for my early-mid 20s, but they don't make a good environment to raise children in. A political theorist has written about this phenomenon and attributes America's "red state-blue state" political divide to it: http://www.amconmag.com/2004_12_06/cover.html To understand what’s driving this huge political phenomenon, you have to think like a real-estate shopper, not like an intellectual. Everybody loves to talk real estate, but the sharp insights into how the world works that you hear while shooting the breeze about houses and neighborhoods seldom work their way into prestigious discourse about public affairs. As you’ve seen on all those red-blue maps, most of America’s land is red, even though Kerry won 48 percent of the vote. Even excluding vast Alaska, Bush’s counties are only one-fourth as densely populated on average as Kerry’s counties. Lower density helps explain why red regions both attract the baby-oriented and encourage larger families among those already there. A dozen years ago, University of Chicago sociologist Edward O. Laumann and others wrote a tome with the soporific postmodern title The Social Organization of Sexuality. I wrote to them and suggested a follow-up called The Sexual Organization of Society because, in my experience with Chicago, where people lived coincided with their sexual status. In 1982, when I moved to Chicago as a young single man, I sought out detailed advice on where the greatest density of pretty girls lived and there rented a 21st-floor apartment with a stunning view of Lake Michigan. I became engaged three years later, and so, mission accomplished, I moved to a less chic neighborhood with more affordable rents. Two years later, when my bride became pregnant, we relocated to an even more unfashionable spot where we could buy ample square footage. (To my satisfaction, Laumann’s team just this year published a categorization of Chicago’s neighborhoods entitled The Sexual Organization of the City.) My experience is hardly unusual. Singles often move to cities because the density of other singles makes them good places to become unsingle. But singles, especially women, generally vote Democratic. For example, in the 2002 midterm elections, only 39 percent of unmarried women and 44 percent of unmarried men voted for a GOP candidate for the House of Representatives. In contrast, 56 percent of married women voted for the GOP, similar to their husbands’ 58 percent. The celebrated gender gap is, in truth, largely a marriage gap among women. When city couples marry, they face major decisions: do they enjoy the adult-oriented cultural amenities of the city so much that they will stick it out, or do they head for the suburbs, exurbs, or even the country to afford more space for a growing family? Couples attempting to raise children in a big blue city quickly learn the truth of what bond trader Sherman McCoy’s father told him in Tom Wolfe’s Bonfire of the Vanities: “If you want to live in New York, you’ve got to insulate, insulate, insulate.” Manhattan liberals all believe in celebrating diversity in theory but typically draw the line at subjecting their own offspring to it in the public schools. With Manhattan private K-12 school tuitions now approaching $25,000, insulating multiple children rapidly becomes too expensive for all but the filthy rich. In tempting contrast, the cost-of-living calculator provided by Realtor.com says that a $100,000 salary in liberal Manhattan buys only as much as a $38,000 salary in conservative Pinehurst, North Carolina. Likewise, a San Francisco couple earning $100,000 between them can afford just as much in Cedar City, Utah if the husband can find a $44,000-a-year job—and then the wife can stay home with their children. Moreover, the culture of Cedar City is more conducive to child rearing than San Francisco. Having insulated themselves through distance rather than money, they can now send their kids to public schools. (Among red states, the South has lower white fertility than the northern Great Plains and Great Basin, perhaps because many Southern conservatives, like many Manhattan liberals, prefer private schools, which makes children more expensive than out in Lewis & Clark Country, where the public schools are popular because they aren’t terribly diverse.) In Cedar City, the wife won’t feel as unprestigious for being a stay-at-home mom as she would in San Francisco. And mom won’t have to chauffeur the kids everywhere because traffic and crime are light enough that they can ride their bikes. More by the same author on the subject: http://isteve.blogspot.com/2005/02/dirt-gap-california-vs-texas.html http://www.amconmag.com/2008/2008_02_11/article.html http://www.isteve.com/babygap.htm Guntwachar I am born in a city and lived there a few years then we moved to villages and i grew up between the farmers, now i live in a Town not big not to small alot of nature,history and a house next to the sea. I think this little Town is a great place to grow up so i would rather let kids grow up here then in a horrible city like Zoetermeer. Herkus Friday, April 18th, 2008, 11:16 AM Now I live in a huge city as there I can earn for a living. But I still hope that I will be able to settle in a peaceful, silent village one day.... http://www.optodesign.ca/urbangreeks/wp-content/uploads/2006/11/athens2.jpg :rolleyes: :( Friday, April 18th, 2008, 03:11 PM Took this photo just a couple of days ago: http://farm4.static.flickr.com/3019/2419640656_1238961e25_b.jpg Our rural areas have very much in common, Allenson. :) The same soft hills, forests...just nature! Looks like parts of New England look like Eastern Bavaria. :) http://www.nationalparkregion.de/typo3temp/pics/4c2b27186f.jpg http://www.redemund.de/B58.jpg Looks familiar indeed, Valkyrie. :) We just don't have beer girls: ;) http://www.hickerphoto.com/data/media/181/traditional-bavaria-germany_9696.jpg I live in an urban area in a small city called Pensacola. The population density is low and everything is relatively spread out so there is no feeling of being crowded. We don't suffer from an excess of clustered or high structures. It's also quiet. There's much nature to be appreciated even downtown. Thirty minutes away from there you can reach the small towns, farmlands and backwoods. Beaches are more abundant. It often surprises me when I travel to big cities how there is so little water, grass, trees or plants that it is almost exclusive to parks and gardens. I do love architecture, but can't imagine living in any concrete jungle. There has to be a bit of both worlds :) I wish I had a camera on me sometimes, the sunsets around here are stunning. Not spectacular vistas, but when the sky is deep blue and the sun setting and horses & cows are grazing next to each other by a stream, you just find yourself standing there like an idiot with your mouth open, it's so beautiful. I wish I had a camera on me sometimes, I take mine wherever I go.... Click! :D mischak I grew up in a relatively small town, surrounded by farmland, with mountains to the east and hilly land to the west. I voted rural but it's hard to say because there was a pretty large city 20-25 miles away. I'm sure some people can even figure out the area I grew up in now :o. Anyway I think we remained pretty isolated.. so I still say rural http://i30.tinypic.com/24dq04m.jpg Saturday, April 19th, 2008, 12:28 AM Latrobe.......and Devonport where i use to live http://i57.photobucket.com/albums/g226/theMISSIONARY_257/Latrobe.jpg Bärin Tuesday, April 29th, 2008, 03:37 PM Urban, but the inhabitant of a fine German city. :) http://farm1.static.flickr.com/6/85752965_1df881d984.jpg Besides, there are green areas (http://forums.skadi.net/showthread.php?t=6479) in this city which make it an enjoyable place. I don't necessarily have to go to the rural areas for relaxation. :) Crabby Badger Thursday, September 18th, 2008, 04:40 AM I have lived in both and think both have their points. But right now my husband and I are planning on moving to a rural lesser populated state / place. Haereticus Monday, January 5th, 2009, 11:40 PM Happily I'm living in a fairly rural location now. I've lived in cities years ago. I get depressed in cities. I remember, when I had to work in London, the pleasure of leaving it on a train. The view from the window just gets better and better as I get further from the city and closer to home. :) Thursday, January 15th, 2009, 02:37 AM I was born and raised on a farm in West-Central Illinois, where we raised sheep and hogs. The neighbors down the road cropped corn and soybeans, the folks down the road the other direction had cattle. Ahhhh. Now I live in a small town that is part of a burgeoning conurbation in northern Illinois. I live here because it's where my job is, and my loving wife is a suburban girl, through and through. If I fell into a pot of money, I'd hightail back down home (or further south!) so quick it'd make your head spin! :) I hail from the urban area. I'm from Vienna. I like big and old European cities like mine, with a long history, lots of culture and tradition. :) White Africa I'm from a city, so I vote urban. Wednesday, November 4th, 2009, 07:41 AM Urban. I'm from the capital. Well, I'm the son of a farmer (cattle), but there is of course almost no place in Germany that deserves the moniker "rural". Anyway, it would be incorrect to call myself "suburban". It's more like "drowned in shit". Alfadur Friday, July 8th, 2011, 03:59 PM We on this forum are Germanic people from all over the world, and live in very different places. So I started this thread about living areas just out of curiosity. What type of area do you live in? An inner city, a suburb, or in the countryside? Which of those is your favorite setting, and which one do you think is best for Germanic people to live in? Goomer A 'burb. But, as far as the burbs go that are associated with Seattle or Tacoma (our two closest large cities), we are equidistant from both of them....so really we are more of a town. I like nature. But, I like the city for what it has to offer. Thus, we live in a good place because both are available. My guess is that Germanic people should live a little closer to nature than they currently do. It's good for the soul. Rocky v I live in an inner city urban jungle. I'm used to it now and of course living in a big city does have its advantages such as employment opportunities and things to do. Also has major crime disadvantages though. I think most Germans are at home in a forest or woods. I know the forest always calls to me (especially in Wurttemberg), like I want to walk in and never return to civillization. I think it´s already well known that I live in the countryside - the remote area of the Bavarian Forest in the eastern parts of Bavaria. http://www.alpen-guide.de/m/image/db/34603.jpeg Our landscape: http://img.fotocommunity.com/Natur/Landschaft/Postkarte-Bayerischer-Wald-a17821214.jpg http://images.interchalet.com/teaser/bayerischer_wald_ferienhaus.jpg http://res000.gps-tour.info/redx/tools/mb_image.php/file.x615a6b3443706e6673324e4d6f646a4b50 7461336f574a6d376138633755656e4e446e3370 71516851494173555632725554315248773d3d/gid.8/kl._Arbersee.jpg http://www.stadtdatenbank.de/lifepr/files/attachment-141126-winter.jpg I think I could never live in a big city because I need my nature and our remote lifestyle around me. :) TXRog You are truly blessed sister Thusnelda. My German ancestors are from this very part of Germany and I look forward to one day traveling there to research my family roots. Perhaps you could be my tour guide?:D I grew up in a city in a medium-density, mainly residential area. I currently live in a different city in a high density residential area which looks like a throwback to the Soviet union. I very much enjoyed the city and area where I grew up whilst my current living area leaves much to be wanted, it has no character as opposed to my hometown. However, since my current situation is merely a stepping stone it's bearable, I'll relocate soon enough. For now the city, but I am only about 30 minutes from rural areas. My lifelong dream has been to live in an area of Texas called the Hill Country, which was ironically settled by large numbers of German immigrants beginning in the 1850's. As previously mentioned, my German ancestors originated from rural southern Bavaria and I am told were farmers (wish some of them were still there farming). Perhaps this explains why I have always been drawn to the country - obviously "my German roots run deep." :D Wulfram I was raised in a city with a population of 115,000. I used to think that was too small, now I think it is too large! Currently I live in Austin, which has about a million people within its metropolis, and this does not include the illegal immigrants. One thing I did enjoy while I was a kid was that we lived on the peripheral of the city, right on Lake Waco. This provided myself and friends with opportunities to explore the woods and beaches surrounding it. A much better environment than the kids who grew up in the city itself. Most of the year, I live in an urban area in Skåne. It's rather ugly. But on the plus side, it's very close to the green and beautiful countryside. :) Recently, Sweden has had a growth of suburbs in the American style, those countless neat villa houses outside the cities. Hilderinc You mean row upon row ugly, bland houses that look exactly the same? :shrug Anyway, I live in a small town. You drive a half dozen blocks and you're in a cornfield. Even our Walmart is next to two big grain silos. Although, unfortunately, more big chain businesses have been moving in, tearing up fields and forests (though we don't have many forests) to build them. For those who are interested in my home region: Here´s a very well made promotion video of the Bavarian Forest with great and professional footage. :) If you can spare 9 minutes, watch it. yUH0i9NBmEY BjrK Saturday, August 20th, 2011, 08:30 PM Also known as white flight. :D I live in an actual city but rather at the end of it, it is usually couples with a child or two who moves to were I live since its a safe area for children. Usually I see alot of Swedish females (usually pretty aswell) with their cute little swedish children, mixing filth keeps themselves in the bad areas. Thank god so I dont have to yell at them and humiliate them. Sunday, August 21st, 2011, 10:17 AM People who grew up in the city areas of Austin are very messed up indeed. I'd describe it as the worst elements of spoiled-naive-liberalism that I've ever seen. I grew up in San Antonio though so people in Austin are always amusing when they say they have a lot of Mexicans. Try living in a 75% Mexican city with a 20% population of actual illegal aliens that don't know a word of English and then see how ya feel lol! Austin is still a very white city compared to San Antonio. Austin has at least a 50% white populace maybe more and I can feel it just walking around, never seen so many white people in my life. In San Antonio there are many places where you just simply won't see anyone who doesn't have black hair and is any taller than 5'5. The bars in Austin have a majority of white people in them. This is simply stunning coming from San Antonio. I come from a world where even in the white areas of the city you will be lucky to find any bar or club with even 30% whites at any given time. It's all Mexicans speaking Spanish. BritishLad I live in the suburbs about half a mile out from the city Sindig_og_stoisk I was born and raised in a suburban neighbourhood in the north, and only moved into the city (Copenhagen) in order to attend university. Coming from a posh and affluent suburb and then moving into the city was really eye-opening: The sight of drunkards looking for a fight in the metro, Danish school children mixing freely with Muslim children and befriending them was something that would never happen up north. People in the bus who dressed like Negro gangsters and walked with a their head towards the ground, hunchbacked and with their hands in the pocket was also a rare sight up north, but apparently quite normal in the city. Not to mention left wing radicals in their shabby clothes and the left wing nut cases with bizarre hair cuts and piercings. In conclusion, people in the city are really ugly and the only thing more heinous about them then their grooming are their manners and life-styles. I can barely wait to finish university and move back north. I suppose it is not the city per se that is the problem, as there are also plenty of decent folks here. But a city is simply a place where bad people tend to gather. More anonymity, more squalor to hide and wallow in. Blackened_Might Sunday, August 21st, 2011, 08:34 PM I've lived in the suburbs for most of my life. Eventually, I'll relocate to a more decent area. Monday, August 22nd, 2011, 09:14 AM I was born in a rural area but I'm now living in a city. I enjoy my life right now in the city but if/when I marry and get children I want to live in the countyside or at least in a suburb. Thorbrand I live in deep countryside - I have lived in the heart of a city (Johannesburg) which in the period I was there was turning into a ghetto and completely lawless, I have lived in suburbs (London) which was impersonal. Now, finally I live in a place where there is a sense of community (amongst the widespread rural population) and where there is security and beauty for my family. Monday, August 22nd, 2011, 12:15 PM I'm a city girl, always have been. I grew up in urban areas, wouldn't want to live and work anywhere else than the big city. But I love the countryside too, especially in summertime. :) or at least in a suburb. The suburbs are no answer to anything, IMO. They're destroyers of community and joie de vivre. I’d rather start a charity for Robert Mugabe than live my whole life in a boring sterile suburb. There's still many urban areas that aren’t rape central. [QUOTE= There's still many urban areas that aren’t rape central.[/QUOTE] That's not good enough for my family. No way in Hel would I ever live in a city. The non- white infested Floridian middle class suburbs are bad enough. If I have a choice and I'm to ever move to another suburb, it will be an upper middle class complex. Ocko Born on the countryside, grew up on the countryside, studied in big cities went back to countryside. I need the fresh air and healthy environment, contact to nature, space around me. So further the neighbor lives away so better relations I have to them. Silent_Saxon I live in the country. I don't like to be around many people. The college town where I live now is even in the country. It's a campus surrounded by soybean fields and forests. :thumbup Hamar Fox I live on the rural/urban fringe of Leeds. It doesn't suck as much as most modern British cities, but it still has its share of inferior races. Work and education have forced me to spend quite a lot of time slap bang in the middle of the city, but when I visit places by pure volition, they're always either rural or historical small cities and market towns. I'd rather drink a bucket of AIDS than live in a large city.	cc/2019-30/en_head_0039.json.gz/line762
__label__wiki	0.859221	0.859221	Home >> Rachel Weisz FIND Filmmaker Forum impressive line up of panels Film Independent [FIND] announced today that Ted Hope will deliver the keynote address for the fourth-annual Filmmaker Forum, which will be held September 26-28 at the Directors Guild of America, Los Angeles. Film Independent’s Filmmaker Forum is a widely attended event, giving attendees access to some of the most innovative names in indie filmmaking, as well as the most useful information available on how to get your movie made, bought, sold, and marketed in today’s changing marketplace.“... Berlinale 2008 Endnotes With a media blitz not experienced before the 2008 edition of the Berlinale featured a roster of stars including but not restricted to Mick Jagger and his Rolling Stones, Madonna, Sharuk Khan, Martin Scorcese, and Jeanne Moreau as well as the most prominent German film stars and directors. As expected, the appearances by Madonna and the mega star 'King' Khan generated enthusiastic crowd scenes and a journalistic frenzy.This frenzy displaced attention from other Berlinale aspects. To name but a f... 27.02.2008 \| Berlin's blog With a media blitz not experienced before the 2008 edition of the Berlinale featured a roster of stars including but not restricted to Mick Jagger and his Rolling Stones, Madonna, Sharuk Khan, Martin Scorcese, and Jeanne Moreau as well as the most prominent German film stars and directors. As expected, the appearances by Madonna and the mega star 'King' Khan generated enthusiastic crowd scenes and a journalistic frenzy.This frenzy displaced attention from other Berlinale aspects. To name but ... Meet The New European Film Stars Sunday, February 10-------For the 11th consecutive year, the Berlin Film Festival is hosting the Shooting Stars initiative, a promotion effort to kickstart the careers of some of Europe's most promising actors and actresses. The program is sponsored by European Film Promotion, a pan-European organization of the continent's film promotion offices, who work together to spread the gospel about European film and film talents at film festivals and markets around the world. This year's talent pool ... "My Blueberry Nights," by Wong Kar Wai opens IndieLisboa 2008 International Independent Film Festival of Lisbon officially opens on the 24 April with the film: «My Blueberry Nights», by Wong Kar Wai. From the same director of «2046», «Chungking Express» or «In the Mood for Love», «My Blueberry Nights» has a suit of very well known actors (Jude Law, David Strathairn, Rachel Weisz and Natalie Portman) and with Norah Jones in the leadig role. The film shows us a young woman who went on a demand for herself, after a love deception. Her demand leads h... Opening Night at the Santa Barbara Film Festival Santa Barbara International Film Festival Day One : Opening Night Film: Definitely, Maybe “I like to be manipulated.” I heard one of my male film-going companions state this when talking about why he liked Definitely, Maybe. I don’t think he’s getting in touch with his feminine side as much as he is commenting on his film-going personality. After all, this is why we go see films oftentimes: to be manipulated. To have our tears jerked, to feel something, to follow along on the trials, tri... 31.01.2008 \| Santa Barbara's blog Tribute to Julie Christie at Santa Barbara The 23rd installment of the Santa Barbara International Film Festival (SBIFF) presents its film line-up for 2008, featuring 215 films including 20 World Premieres, 22 U.S. Premieres and a rich selection of films representing 49 countries. The Festival takes place over 11 days beginning Thursday, January 24, through Sunday, February 3.“The Festival has continuously grown in stature,” commented SBIFF Director Roger Durling, “and this year’s film slate certainly reflects that. We’re ver... Shooting Stars moves with Michael Ballhaus as new President After 10 successful years, European Film Promotion (EFP) has changed the concept for SHOOTING STARS: for the first time, EFP has appointed a jury of prominent industry figures to select the best nine from a variety of talented up-and-coming actors from the most diverse of European countries. They will be presented as SHOOTING STARS to an international professional audience during the 58th Berlin International Film Festival in 2008. 22 EFP member countries have each nominated an actor. The jury w... My Blueberry Nights par Wong Kar Wai Pour sa 60eme édition, le festival de Cannes s'est ouvert avec la présentation de My Blueberry Nights le nouveau film de Wong Kar Wai, président du jury l'an passé, et réalisateur de In The Mood For Love, 2046 et Happy Together, tous trois nominés lors des éditions passées du festival. My Blueberry Nights est son premier film tourné en langue anglaise. C'est l'histoire d'un voyage dramatique, évoquant la distance qui sépare un chagrin d'amour d'un nouveau ... 17.05.2007 \| Croisette's blog "My Blueberry Nights" by Wong Kar Wai With the presentation of My Blueberry Nights as the opening film of the 60th Cannes Film Festival, director Wong Kar Wai, a red-carpet veteran, has the honor of launching the Competition. Winner of the Best Director Prize in 1997 for Happy Together, and after having returned to Cannes with In The Mood For Love and 2046, this year the Asian filmmaker unveils his first film made in English. My Blueberry Nights, a dramatic journey hinting at the distance between a broken heart and a new departure, ... 17.05.2007 \| Cannes's blog Cannes opener by Wong Kar Wai My Blueberry Nights Studio Canal is proud to announce the selection of Wong Kar Wai’s first English language feature MY BLUEBERRY NIGHTS as the Opening Night Film of the 60th Cannes Film Festival on May 16th. The screening will be the World Premiere of the romantic drama starring Norah Jones, Jude Law, David Strathairn, Rachel Weisz and Natalie Portman. The selection marks the first time in Cannes’ history that a film by a Chinese director has kicked off the Festival. Jeremy (Jude Law) runs a small café in N... My Blueberry Nights to open Cannes Studio Canal is proud to announce the selection of Wong Kar Wai’s first English language feature MY BLUEBERRY NIGHTS as the Opening Night Film of the 60th Cannes Film Festival on May 16th. The screening will be the World Premiere of the romantic drama starring Norah Jones, Jude Law, David Strathairn, Rachel Weisz and Natalie Portman. The selection marks the first time in Cannes’ history that a film by a Chinese director has kicked off the Festival.Jeremy (Jude Law) runs a small café in New ... Shooting Stars in Berlin The hottest young European actors and actresses have been announced by European Film Promotion as SHOOTING STARS 2007. 25 up-and-coming actors have been chosen by EFP member organizations across Europe, and will go on to take part in a series of events at the Berlin International Film Festival (10th - 12th February) designed to encourage the international film industry, media and public to acknowledge the incredible screen talent that lies within Europe. In very special anniversary celebration... 25 new stars for Shooting stars; see you in Berlin Twenty-five of the best and brightest young actors and actresses from across Europe have today been chosen by European Film Promotion (EFP) as the tenth generation of SHOOTING STARS. In a very special weekend of events commemorating the first highly successful decade of SHOOTING STARS, the up-and-coming talent will be presented to the public together for the first time during the Berlin International Film Festival, 10-12 February 2007. SHOOTING STARS is mainly supported by the MEDIA Programme of... Kim Ki Duk and many more...back to Fantasporto It happens every year. In February, the month of St Valentine and Carnival, the second most important city in Portugal receives thousands of film enthusiasts for another edition of Fantasporto. A fortnight of the best cinema in the world. And, as usual, new discoveries and new creators together with old talents and retrospectives. The 27th edition of the biggest film festival in Portugal is supported by the Ministry of Culture, through the ICAM, the Portuguese Film Institute, as well as the Opor... Oldenburg International Film Festival 2006 ready to go From 6th to 10th September, the “German Sundance“ festival will turn the contemplative city in Northern Germany into a mecca for film enthusiasts.This year´s opening film is “Vineta” by Franziska Stünkel, who gained international reputation with her short films. Her testosterone-laden debut features some of the most prominent German actors and tells the story of an architect coming to the edge of reason while trying to build the perfect city. The International Section shows a series o... Todays News: Wednesday 24 May Premiers Today in the Lumiere Theater Marie Antoinette and The Right of the Weakest premier. $970m To Media The European Union's Media Programme has banked $970 million dollars from the years 2007-2013. The money will be spread through the media and entertainment industry. The percentages of the fund will be used for training (7%), developing(20%), distribution (55%), promotion (9%), and pilot projects (4%). This budget is a huge increase since the last budget of $659m from 2001-2006. Jury ... 24.05.2006 \| lori's blog FEST, The International Film Festival If the Cannes Film Festival represents the culture of central Europe, for the film media, there are several international film festivals in Europe and the world, and one in Eastern Europe, the International Film Festival FEST in Serbia and Montenegro. FEST, The International Film Festival takes place in Belgrade and has the long 34-year-old tradition. During its 34 years, this festival hosted big names in the filmmaking show business. It is not easy to promote the world cultural co-operation, in... Suprise French Penguin Docu gets Oscar nomination Luc Jacquet's Marche de l'Empereur just got nominated for best documentary by the Academy. The film has been seen by 20 Millions viewers and took a cumulated 77M$ at the US Box Office.Director: Luc JacquetScreenwriter(s): Luc Jacquet, Michel FesslerCinematography: Laurent Chalet, Jérôme MaisonProducer(s): Yves Darondeau, Christophe Lioud, Emmanuel PriouNarrators: Charles Berling, Romane Bohringer, Jules SitrukNominations for the 78th Annual Academy Awards were announced on Tuesday, January 31 ... Nominations announced for SAG awards Nominations for the 12th Annual Screen Actors Guild Awards® for outstanding performances in 2005 in five film and eight primetime television categories were announced this morning in Los Angeles at the Pacific Design Center’s SilverScreen Theater.Screen Actors Guild President Alan Rosenberg introduced Ellen Pompeo (Grey’s Anatomy) and Benjamin Bratt (E-Ring), who announced the nominees for this year’s Actors®.Screen Actors Guild will honor its own at the 12th Annual SAG Awards™ ceremon... BIFA British Independent Awardsnominees announced 8th Annual BRITISH INDEPENDENT FILM AWARDS (BIFA)A trio of films dominate the 2005 British Independent Film Award (BIFA) nominations announced today, Tuesday 25 October.The BIFAs, now regarded as the kick-off of to the awards season which culminates in the BAFTA and Academy Awards in Spring 2006, will be presented on Wednesday 30 November at Hammersmith Palais. Stephen Frears' Mrs Henderson Presents, debut director Laurence Dunmore's The Libertine, and Brazilian director Fernando Mereilles' The ... The Constant Gardener by Fernando Meirelles London opening Following City of God with his first (largely) English language film, Fernando Meirelles proves an inspired choice to direct screenwriter Jeffrey Caine's adaptation of John Le Carré's acclaimed novel, bringing modernity and visual brio to the multi-layered and deeply affecting story.In a remote area of Northern Kenya, passionate human rights activist Tessa Quayle (Rachel Weisz) is found brutally murdered. Her travelling companion, a local doctor, appears to have fled the scene, and the evidence... London Film Festival highlights The 49th Festival programme(which runs October 19 to November 3) includes over 180 feature films screened in 13 venues across London. This two week cultural celebration of cinema showcases groundbreaking new feature films from countries ranging from West Africa to Argentina, Sweden to South Korea, alongside documentaries, restored classics, shorts, animation and artists' film and video work.Opening the Festival on Wednesday 19 October, is the UK premiere of Fernando Meirelles' highly acclaimed T... Festival de Rio: showcase for Latin American cinema Rio International Film Festival 2005 September 22 through October 6The Rio Int'l Film Festival (Festival do Rio), taking place in one of the world's most famous cities September 22 - October 6, will light up Rio de Janeiro with the brightest and best of world cinema. The biggest and most important showcase for Latin American cinema, and one of the biggest in the world, this year's festival will play host to more than 300 features and documentaries from 60 countries with screenings spread over 35... London reveals the fest opener: The Constant Gardener London reveals partial slate for the coming festival.Although the full programme for this year's Festival will only be revealed Wednesday 14 September, the festival has announced that The Constant Gardener by acclaimed City Of God director Fernando Meirelles will open this year's Festival on Wednesday 19 October. The evening promises to be star studded as the festival hopes to welcome Fernando Meirelles, Ralph Fiennes, Rachel Weisz, Danny Huston and Billy Nighy onto the red carpet. The Constant ...	cc/2019-30/en_head_0039.json.gz/line763
__label__wiki	0.947081	0.947081	People, Environment environmental Activists Irked by Online Snake Prize A food delivery website with a reputation for organizing games to charm its customers and drum up business has recently launched a new game for which the winning prize is a python snake, riling up environmentalists and animal rights activists. The newest game devised by the website is the world-famous “Snakes and Ladders”, and its prize is an actual snake, Mehr News Agency reported. The marketing campaign, which openly promotes a python snake as the “grand prix” of the game, has been met with anger and opposition from environmental and animal rights activists. Initially, the Department of Environment said it had not issued permits for the campaign, with Ali Teymouri, head of the Hunting and Fishing Office at the DOE, claiming he was “unaware of such a scheme, but it’s illegal.” However, after further probing, he revised his statement, saying that the business owners had failed to provide the necessary information on their website, but did so later “once the DOE followed up the issue.” “The website will purchase the snake from a firm that has all the legal permits,” he explained. “The python was not poached in the wild and was raised in captivity.” He also emphasized that there are specific protocols for trading and owning exotic animals, and even the prize winner is obliged to obtain a separate permit from the department in order to keep it. The marketing manager of the company also said the website has disclosed all information regarding where and how the snake will be purchased. “We have provided contact information of our (snake) provider on the website, and explained the process,” said Mahrad Abdolrazzaq. “The snake has not been smuggled and was raised in captivity,” he stressed, echoing Teymouri’s stance. He explained that the winner will be provided with a letter certifying that the snake was not taken from its natural habitat and was raised specifically for sale. He said the case is “no different from selling fish raised in aquariums.” “We like to attract customers with new and innovative ways to show them online purchase has the advantage of convenience as well as other benefits,” Abdolrazzaq said. Longest Ever Snake Dies Mysteriously in Malaysia Activists Angry Over DoE Nod for Circus Animals DOE Launches Online Portal for Hunting Permits ICHHTO, Economy Ministry Dispute Online Tourism Authority 2nd Round of AI Challenge in March Call for Cutting Red Tape to Promote E-Tourism	cc/2019-30/en_head_0039.json.gz/line764
__label__cc	0.747864	0.252136	Finland’s Unemployment Worsening The unemployment rate in Finland could rise to 9.5% this year. According to a fresh forecast by the Finland Ministry of Employment and Economy, growing numbers of out of work people are falling into the category of the long-term unemployed. The ministry’s forecast sees joblessness in Finland worsening during the remainder of this year and into 2016, NewsNow reported. According to the advisory issued Monday, employment in even the service sector has slowed and the number of unemployed jobseekers is approaching a record high since the year 2000. This year they will number 355,000 on average and will climb to 370,000 next year. In its last publication of labor market data, Statistics Finland put the number of jobless people looking for work in September at 225,000, compared to the ministry’s 337,000 for the same period. The employment rate came in at 59.8% in September, down from 60.2% in the prior month. On a seasonally adjusted basis, the unemployment rate dropped marginally to 9.3% in September from August's stable rate of 9.4%. The youth jobless rate also fell to 22.1% from 22.4% a month ago. Data from both bodies differ because the ministry pulls its figures from actual jobseekers registered with local employment offices, while Statistics Finland bases its findings on statistical samples. The ministry said that the growth of employment figures this year would be negative or close to zero in all job sectors. The labor market forecast further predicted that unemployment this year would rise to 9.5%. The ministry’s review indicated that the unemployment rate would continue to rise this year and that the trend would continue into next year. Senior civil servant Johanna Alatalo also noted that economic growth would not be robust enough to promote employment next year either. According to the outlook, growing numbers of jobseekers can be classified as the long term unemployed. This year some 110,000 people were considered to be among the long term unemployment, while the number is forecast to grow to 130,000 next year. The ministry pointed out that nowadays this group no longer includes only the elderly and the poorly educated. Finland Jobless Rate Rises Spring Unemployment at 12.6% Taiwan Jobless Rate Down Hungary Jobless Rate Drops to 5.1% Swiss Jobless Rate at 32-Month Low Finland GDP Grows 3.6%	cc/2019-30/en_head_0039.json.gz/line765
__label__wiki	0.712966	0.712966	Global Race The project and its team. Investigation sites Global Race events. Seminars organized by the Global Race project Conference "Race-conscious and colorblind framings: Converging and Diverging trends in Europe and the Americas" Publications tied to the Global Race project Project publication Final conference of the project The final conference of the Global Race project will take place on December 12-13, 2019 in Salle des Conférences at CERI, SciencesPo, 56 rue Jacob, 75006 Paris. DAY 1 - DECEMBER 12: CONCEPTUALIZING RACE: EPISTEMOLOGICAL DEBATES ACROSS THE DISCIPLINES 9-9.15am : INTRODUCTION 1) 9.15-10.45am : REALIST AND CONSTRUCTIVIST APPROACHES OF RACE IN PHILOSOPHY Magali BESSONE (Université Paris 1 Panthéon Sorbonne), "’Race’, an essentially contested concept?" The paper suggests that the definitional components of the concept of race are essentially unstable: race should be examined in its polysemy and from the conflicts of definition it raises. The paper opposes both the approach that looks into our ordinary intuitions or scientific rigorous uses in order to identify the minimal descriptive core of the concept, and the genealogical approach that looks into the successive historical uses of the concept in order to establish its core “original” components. It pleads for an understanding of race inspired by W. B. Gallie’s notion of “essentially contested concept”: while it may be impossible to determine the “right” definition of it, while we may have to accept that the only perspective we can soundly adopt is to describe the conflicts whose objective it is to define it, our disagreements about it cannot lead us to conclude that we should get rid of race. Rather, they suggest that we must question the system of political practices and values that constitute the heterogeneous paradigms within which race is embedded. Michael HARDIMON (UC San Diego), "Is there a Defensible Biological Concept of Race?" It is commonly thought that the biological concept of race has been shown to be pernicious and decisively refuted. It is also widely held that this concept ought therefore to jettisoned. I argue that the race concept most frequently identified as the race concept is pernicious, has been refuted and should be abandoned but that it does not follow that the idea of biological race ought to be rejected altogether. This is because it is possible to conceive of race biologically in a manner that avoids the essentialism and hierarchy of the traditional concept of race. Biological race can be understood in commonsensically in terms of patterns of differences of visible physical characters corresponding to differences of geographical ancestry. Biological race can also be understood scientifically in terms of biological populations characterized by patterns of phenotypic differences corresponding to differences in geographical ancestry tracing back to geographically separated and reproductively isolated founding populations. Grasping the possibility of a nonpernicious biological concept of race allows us to see (i) that the human species is divided into biological races but that this division is biologically superficial and (ii) that (doxastic) racism is best understood not as belief in biological races but instead as belief in racialist (essentialist, hierarchical) races. Sally HASLANGER (Massachusetts Institute of Technology) Title and abstract forthcoming. 10.45-11am Coffee break 2) 11am-1pm : THEORIZING RACE IN SOCIOLOGY Mustafa EMIRBAYER (University of Wisconsin-Madison) Michèle LAMONT (Harvard University) Karim MURJI (University of West London) Juliette GALONNIER (Sciences Po/CERI) and Patrick SIMON (INED) 1-2.30pm Lunch break 3) 2.30-4pm :THE RACE ISSUE IN BIOMEDICAL SCIENCES Catherine BLISS (UC San Francisco), "Of Genomes and Race" This talk will examine the ways in which the DNA revolution in contemporary science is shifting societal notions of race. I will first present developments in genomic science, and their manifestation of a new biology-based definition of race. Next, I will discuss the impacts emerging avenues of gene-environment science are having on conceptions, including those arising from social science-led research. Finally, I will look at the ramifications of CRISPR science, especially as applied in the realm of germline editing. I will argue that a new eugenics is forming, one that could have devastating effects for humanity. Claude-Olivier DORON (Université Paris Diderot) David LUDWIG (Wageningen University), "Metaphysics of Race in Practice: A Process Framework" Philosophical debates about the nature of race struggle with the heterogeneity of racial practices across disciplinary, geographic, and historical dimensions. It is far from clear that race is the same in biomedical sciences and biological systematics, in Russia and Rwanda, or in the 17th and the 21st century. Metaphysicians of race commonly react to this heterogeneity with a strategy of ’stabilization through compartmentalization’. By restricting their claims to carefully specified contexts, it still seems possible to produce univocal answers to questions such as ‘Do races exist?’ or ‘Are races biological or social?’. While this strategy of compartmentalization is internally consistent, it limits the significance of metaphysics for engaging with racial practices that typically transgress neatly compartmentalized contexts of metaphysical debates. I argue that metaphysical debates can become relevant for the empirical complexity of racial practices if they move from object-oriented to process-oriented frameworks. Rather than univocal accounts of the existence and nature of race, such a process metaphysics aims to understand the nature of racialized practices that lead to transformations and temporary stabilizations of racial phenomena. This process framework is applied to a case study of biomedical research in Germany and the United States that involves diverging conceptual histories in the shadow of the Holocaust and the Civil Rights Era but also many points of interaction in internationalized research communities. 4-4.15pm Coffee break 4) 4.15-5.45pm : DEALING WITH RACE IN LAW Devon CARBADO (UCLA School of Law) Sonia DESMOULIN-CANSELIER (CNRS/Université de Nantes) Julie RINGELHEIM (FNRS/Université de Louvain), "The Racial Conundrum in the Case-law of the European Court of Human Rights and the International Criminal Tribunal for Rwanda" The word “race” appears in various international legal conventions adopted after the Second World War with the view to protecting certain groups against abuse or unfavourable treatment that would be inflicted upon them because of their supposed race. Among them are the UN Genocide Convention (1948) and the European Convention on Human Rights (1950) which prohibits racial discrimination. None of these instruments, however, provides a definition of the term “race”. Accordingly, in case of contention, it falls upon the judges tasked with applying these conventions to clarify the meaning of race or, as the case may be, the criteria on the basis of which the racial identity of a group or an individual can be assessed. Given the considerable evolution of the notion of race in science and society since the late 1940s but also the continuing debates surrounding this concept, how do judges interpret this term? What conception of this notion underlies their reasoning? And how does the legal context in which they operate impact on their understanding of it? This paper explores these questions through the analysis of the practice of two international tribunals which, in different ways, have been confronted with the concept of race: the European Court of Human Rights, which applies the European Convention on Human Rights, and the International Criminal Tribunal for Rwanda, tasked with prosecuting individuals accused of committing genocide in Rwanda in 1994. DAY 2 - DECEMBER 13: CONTROVERSIES AROUND RACE: AN INTERNATIONAL COMPARISON OF POLITICAL AND LEGAL DEBATES 5) 9.30am-12.30pm : CONTROVERSIES AROUND ETHNIC AND RACIAL CATEGORIES Tobias HÜBINETTE (Karlstad University), "An overview of the situation concerning the concept of race, ethnic and racial categories, and equality data in contemporary Sweden" This presentation consists of an overview of how Sweden and the Swedes relate to the concept of race, issues of race and ethnic and racial categories as well as the question of equality data. In 2001, Sweden became the first sovereign state in the world to formally abolish the word and the concept of race according to a unison parliament and government decision which was backed by the Swedish academic world and all political parties. The country has since then also actively worked to make other countries do the same as part of its antiracist foreign policy. Sweden is also today arguably the world’s most colour-blind and antiracial country, in terms of David Theo Goldberg’s definition of antiracialism as being opposed to the very word race itself and everything that is related to race. Furthermore, the Swedish attitude towards equality data and towards collecting data based on ethnic and racial categories is also perhaps the most negative in the world. Sweden regularly receives harsh criticism for lacking practically any numbers and statistics on the situation for minorities from both the EU, and the Council of Europe as well as from several NGOs and in 2018 the UN’s Committee on the Elimination of Racial Discrimination (CERD) once again reiterated this critique in its report on Sweden. At the same time, on a legal level and on a policy level as well as in the world of both popular attitudes and political and official rhetorics, Sweden is always ranked as the best country in the OECD, in the Western world and in Europe, and possibly in the world, when it comes to securing the equal rights for ethnic and racial minorities and migrants and to protecting them from racism and discrimination. In other words, on the one hand Sweden’s worldwide reputation and Sweden’s self-image as being an open, tolerant, inclusive, multicultural, diverse and antiracist society is well deserved in terms of its laws, regulations and policies as well as in terms of its population’s extremely tolerant and inclusive attitudes and its politicians’ and elites’ rhetorics. On the other hand, the country and its government and population is militantly against the very word race itself and there are no data whatsoever to be able to assess if this progressive, tolerant, multiculturalist, antiracist and inclusive policy is even working and affecting the minorities themselves in terms of a whole array of outcomes such as labour market participation, health status, poverty levels et cetera. Patrick SIMON (INED) Linda SUPIK (Universität Münster), "Asking a double question? First steps towards the measurement of ethnic and racial discrimination in Germany" Debates about the collection of data on ethnicity for non-discrimination policies in Germany have been marginal or even absent for decades, quite different from the neighbor country France. In the last few years, however, civil society organizations, the Federal Anti-Discrimination Agency FADA and social scientists started efforts to change the situation. While in official statistics the sole use of the concept “migration background” and recently in school statistics, on “language mostly spoken at home”, is increasingly criticized, first exploratory field-tests of academic or independent surveys including questions on socially ascribed ethnicity were launched. The FADA issued a report recommending data collection on ethnic self-identification and socially ascribed ethnicity in a double question. This suggestion to not expect a single answer, but (at least) two answers to the question concerning ethnicity, aims at improving acceptability of the question and avoiding essentializing effects of a single question. 11-11.20am Coffee break Graziella MORAES SILVA (Graduate Institute Geneva), "Negotiating ethno-racial transformation with the same ethnoracial categories inside the Brazilian census bureau" This presentation will focus on census policy-making by analysing the decision making processes behind the apparent stability of Brazilian racial categories within a context of multiple changes in racial politics and policies over the last five decades (1968–2018). Empirically, it relies on archival material, survey and census data, as well as key informant interviews with senior technocrats from the Instituto Brasileiro de Geografia e Estatística (Brazilian Institute for Geography and Statistics, IBGE). Findings show the central role of technocratic actors in shaping and giving meaning to these categories in a context of uncertainty about the most valid approach to measurement. Their role is particularly evident in IBGE’s early application of the negro category to the non-white population and repeated rejection of the moreno category. Beyond technical expertise, these census officials navigated various professional, political and ideological motivations. Paul SCHOR (Université Paris Diderot) 12.30-2pm Lunch break 6) 2-5pm : CONTROVERSIES AROUND PUBLIC POLICIES Elisabeth CUNIN (IRD/URMIS) Tianna PASCHEL (UC Berkeley) Monika MORENO FIGUEROA (University of Cambridge) 3.30-3.50pm Coffee break Daniel SABBAGH (Sciences Po/CERI) Sarah MAZOUZ (CNRS/CERAPS), "Diversity without Race: Comparing France, Germany, Spain and Sweden" Drawing on interviews led with stakeholders, activists and academics, I would like to examine the debates on the recognition of racial discrimination, the use of racial categories in antidiscrimination policies, and the understanding of race in four European countries characterised by colour-blind political frames. Despite a shared refusal to the use of racial categories, the four chosen countries offer different configurations of the debate on race, antidiscrimination and multiculturalism. The main contribution of the presentation is thus to analyse the different enactments of colour-blindness and their impacts on minority and identity politics. 5-5.30pm : CONCLUSION © ined 2019	cc/2019-30/en_head_0039.json.gz/line770
__label__wiki	0.81663	0.81663	Album Reviews, Entertainment, Music February 27, 2018 February 27, 2018 Album Review: The Sound of Ghosts Deliver Their Best Album To Date With ‘Delivery & Departure’ The Sound of Ghosts Since their arrival to the scene in 2014, L.A.-based Americana roots collective, The Sound of Ghosts has been wowing audiences with their tight, multi-instrumental attack, well-crafted songwriting and undeniable feel-good charm. The Sound of Ghosts recent success includes a successful tour of the Pacific Northwest as well as opening for such artists as Big Bad Voodoo Daddy, The Sisterhood and Oingo Boingo. The band also delivered an engagingly intimate performance at The Roswell Film Festival and their music has been featured in nationwide commercials for major brands. The Sound of Ghosts is: James Orbison (vocals, bass), Anna Orbison (vocals, ukulele), Ernesto Rivas (lead guitar), Phoebe Silva (fiddle) and Jon Sarna (drums). There is a deep sense of musical maturity and credibility with The Sound of Ghosts latest album, Delivery & Departure, which continues their unique approach of blending the best elements Americana, folk, rock and jazz have to offer into one richly-textured, sonic landscape. Perhaps no better example of the totality of this quintet’s ability exists than in the album’s lead single, “Train to Nowhere”. An inspired introspection that eloquently showcases the band’s complete musical stew. Led by charismatic vocalist Anna Orbison’s hauntingly beautiful melodies, the song takes the listener on a multi-layered journey of harmonic goodness. Whether it’s the infectiousness of Phoebe Silva’s fiddle, the sudden changes in tempo or the insanely cool trumpet solo, this is a track that screams for repeated listens. The contagious “Fall Apart” also exemplifies Orbison’s expressively warm range with a toe-tapping rhythm held together by James Orbison’s dominating upright bass line. “Guillermo’s Lament” clocks in at more than six minutes but is worth every one of them. What seems almost like spoken word, the track is pure poetry. Complete with empathetic melodies highlighted by Ernesto Rivas’ clean, guitar attack. “I’m Gonna Be Free” is another thought provoking track that discusses the idea of independence and is driven home by drummer Jon Sarna’s in the pocket grooves and the band’s vicious harmonies. There’s a cool hint of Nathaniel Rateliff & The Night Sweats in the track, “Dancing Shoes”. A song that’s equally influenced by the band’s love of 1950’s Doo-Wop. With Delivery & Departure, The Sound of Ghosts have not only given us one of the year’s finest independent albums, but also a friendly reminder that the best is yet to come. Filed under: Entertainment, Music, The Sound of Ghosts Interview: REO Speedwagon’s Dave Amato discusses upcoming tour with Chicago, career highlights Interview: Rocktopia guitarist Tony Bruno discusses upcoming Broadway run with Train’s Pat Monahan	cc/2019-30/en_head_0039.json.gz/line774
__label__cc	0.652133	0.347867	Windsurfing, Kiteboarding and Surfing on Tiree Tiree has no hills to break the Atlantic winds and form clouds, which means it is not only one of the sunniest spots in the UK but also one of the the windiest, with an average yearly wind speed of 18mph. Combine this with the stunning white sand beaches and it is no surprise that it has become a major destination for adventurous windsurfers and kiteboarders. With beaches all round the island there is an ideal spot for every wind direction, and as the Atlantic swells rolling in undisturbed from the far horizon it is the ideal place to hold the UK Wavesailing championships. Tiree has hosted an open level windsurfing contest every October for over 20 years in the shape of the Tiree Wave Classic, but in 2007 the event moved up a gear when the island hosted the Corona Extra PWA World Cup from 6 to 13 October. This was the first ever PWA Windsurfing World Cup to be staged in Scotland, and provided a worthy challenge for windsurfing’s elite competitors. Kiteboarding is the latest wind-driven water sport. It involves using a power kite to pull a rider through the water on a small surfboard or kiteboard. The kiteboarder uses a board with foot-straps or bindings, combined with the power of a large controllable kite to propel himself and the board across the water. The sport is still in its infancy, but is rapidly growing in popularity. In 2006, the number of kitesurfers was been estimated at around 150,000 to 200,000. The sport is becoming safer due to innovations in kite design, safety release systems, and instruction. Tiree has proved to be a perfect place for kitesurfing with it’s long sandy beaches and steady Atlantic breezes, and now you can learn the sport from local firm Wild Diamond Watersports‘ professional instructors. The regular surfing is also excellent on Tiree, and friendly, experienced tuition on beautiful white sandy beaches with crystal clear waters make it an ideal surfing holiday spot for complete beginners to learn or for intermediates to improve. Kayak hire is also available at Gott Bay. It provides the perfect opportunity for families of all ages to enjoy a leisurely recreational activity together on the water.	cc/2019-30/en_head_0039.json.gz/line775
__label__cc	0.688302	0.311698	Sustainability Accounting, Management and Policy Journal Prof Carol Adams (c.adams@latrobe.edu.au) – professor of accounting and sustainable development strategy at La Trobe University, Australia. She is also director of sustainability and acting dean of the Faculty of Law and Management.La Trobe University, Australia Category: Journals SAMPJ Editorial Objectives The Sustainability Accounting, Management and Policy Journal (SAMPJ) is a new journal for 2010, the aim of which is to bring together a range of disciplinary perspectives to explore ways of improving social and environmental sustainability. SAMPJ provides a forum for quality research from differing socio-economic and political backgrounds, and is especially concerned with practice and policy implications. It will look at organizations from the private and public sector, and within the public sector, at both governmental and non-governmental bodies. The journal’s mission is to publish research in the areas of social and environmental sustainability. There is a problem around climate change and sustainability and there is a whole range of related environmental and social issues – the environmental issues our planet is facing have social consequences. The journal’s mission is to explore that link, but with a multidisciplinary focus. SAMPJ also aims at making an impact on policy and practice, while also being high quality. It starts from a problem and works out how different research strands can be brought together to solve that problem. It look at a whole range of interconnected issues, e.g. climate change has an impact on health issues around the world, and takes a holistic view of sustainability and its interaction with society and the environment, with the object of resolving problems and obtaining a positive outcome. SAMPJ Coverage The editorial focus of SAMPJ is on the “engaged research”, that is research which looks specifically at organizations through theoretical perspectives drawn from other fields such as organizational change, and employs methodologies such as action research and ethnography. SAMPJ aims to seek out what the issues are for organizations – what are the things that are not being done as well as they could? – and find out how researchers can contribute towards informing better practice. SAMPJ has a unique feature in the form of a news section where short pieces will be contributed by practitioners with both a practitioner and an academic readership in mind. It’s a way of informing academics about what’s happening in practice, and should be interesting to read by practitioners. Large professional and standard-setting bodies are already submitting articles to the journal. Key SAMPJ Audiences With the deputy editor from the USA [Den Patten] and regional editors [for the UK, USA and China], half o the editorial board and associate editors coming from Australia and New Zealand, SAMPJ is developing the network to internationalize the journal. Building Sustainable Legacies: The New Frontier of Societal Value Co-Creation Journal of Global Responsibility	cc/2019-30/en_head_0039.json.gz/line777
__label__wiki	0.858733	0.858733	You are here: Home / Somali News in English / Shabaab’s new, efficient ways of making money Shabaab’s new, efficient ways of making money January 29, 2019 - By: Khalid Yusuf Abdul Kibiringi, James Mwai Mwangi and Habiba Gedi Hunshur, who have been linked to the dusitD2 Al-Shabaab attack in Nairobi, at a Nyeri court on January 28, 2019. PHOTO \| JOESPH WANGUI \| NATION MEDIA GROUP When Mr Hassan Abdi Nur, a mobile money agent, was arraigned for the 14 Riverside Drive attack, it must have come as a shock to people in similar businesses that the nature and size of transactions could put them in danger. Investigators are yet to link the transactions to the terrorist attack that killed 21 people. Mr Nur attracted the attention of police when he withdrew Sh5.2 million in 13 tranches from a bank in one day. There is no limit to the amount a mobile money agent can transact in a day. According to court papers, the agent who is based in Eastleigh, Nairobi, received Sh9 million from South Africa through 52 M-Pesa accounts he registered between October and December 2018. In October alone, Mr Nur opened 47 accounts. Detectives also want to know why only two handsets were used in the transactions. Mr Nur is among seven people arrested on suspicion of funding terrorism. The Anti-Terrorism Police Unit wants them detained for 30 days. A magistrate court will today rule on how long they will remain in custody. Even as police question the suspects, the case points to the bigger question of funding for terrorism. Last year, the National Counter-Terrorism Centre said those funding such activities were devising new ways of remitting money after the regulation of Hawalas and the fight against piracy and illicit charcoal trade in Somalia gained momentum. Mobile money is seen as one of the new ways of funding terrorists. Counterterrorism experts say Al-Shabaab is financed domestically and globally. Locally, the group thrives on taxation and the illegal sale of charcoal. Globally, it is funded by other terrorist groups, states, the Somali diaspora, charities, kidnapping and the extortion of local businesses and farmers. The Organised Crime and Corruption Reporting Project estimates that the group, which is responsible for most terrorist attacks in Kenya, earns about Sh700 million from smuggling charcoal to the Middle East every year. “Charcoal is a financial lifeline for Al-Shabaab as it fights the UN-backed government in Somalia,” OCCPR says. Eritrea, Iran, Saudi Arabia, Syria, Qatar, Yemen and other governments have been accused of financing terrorism though none admits it. The accusation has caused rifts between Gulf countries, resulting in sanctions and blockades. Sources from the National Counter-Terrorism Centre say the amount of cash that flows into Kenya through the international money transfer system diminished when a crackdown was launched three years ago. SH1 BILLION “Al-Shabaab agents and their financiers are inventing other ways of bringing money into the country, including sneaking in huge sums and the use of numerous bank accounts,” the source said. In a report showing the flow of finances to terrorist organisations in East Africa, the US Bureau for International Narcotics and Law Enforcement Affairs pointed out the lack of a financial intelligence unit in Kenya as a contributor to the frequent attacks. Another disturbing revelation is by the United Nations Security Council. In a report made public two months ago, the council said the organisation generates more than enough revenue to sustain its activities. “Al-Shabaab continues to function as a shadow government in areas it no longer directly controls, employing a centralised taxation system applied consistently across southern and central Somalia,” the report said. “At one checkpoint in Bay region, it is estimated that Al-Shabaab generates approximately $10 million (Sh1 billion) per year by taxing transiting vehicles and goods.” The Monitoring Group on Somalia and Eritrea said Al-Shabaab’s financial operations, including the collecting of revenue and payment of its members, are facilitated by the services provided by poorly regulated domestic telecommunications and financial entities. CHECKPOINTS “Al-Shabaab’s financial system is systematic and centralised, with revenue directed from regional departments to the financial hub in Qunyo Barrow, Jilib district of Middle Juba region,” the monitor said in a November 9 report. “The group derives its revenue from a variety of domestic sources, primarily taxation on transiting vehicles and goods, business and agriculture and forced zakat (alms). The funds are then at the disposal of the head of the Shabaab Department of Finance (Maktabka Maaliyada), Hassan Afgooye, and its governing council (Shura) to distribute to departments.“ It also said that the group employs mafia-style tactics to levy taxes via a network of hinterland checkpoints, with the collection enforced through violence and intimidation. “Shabaab’s domestic revenue generation apparatus is more diversified and systematic than that of the federal government,” it said. Source: Daily Nation	cc/2019-30/en_head_0039.json.gz/line782
__label__cc	0.566629	0.433371	4 Reasons Why Americans Are Having More Sex Than in the '80s By Hoku Krueger ; Updated September 30, 2017 One-nighters are becoming more of a thing. If the late 20th century invented free love, the 21st century is taking it to new heights. Americans are having a lot of casual sex, according to an infographic created by sex psychologist Dr. Justin Lehmiller. At least, they’re having more than they did 30 years ago. Lehmiller’s graphic, which uses findings reported by the General Social Survey, maps out America’s shifting attitudes and practices surrounding sex. And if you think that our country has been throwing caution to the wind, you’d be right. Here’s a breakdown of Lehmiller’s chart: 1. More Sexual Partners The average number of sexual partners has increased by more than 57 percent. Whereas Americans averaged about seven in 1988 to 1989, they had 11 in 2010 to 2012. 2. More Casual Sex No one familiar with Tinder or OkCupid will be surprised at this finding. While only 26.7 percent of Americans reported having casual sex in the course of a year in the ’80s, 37.9 percent reported engaging in one-nighters in 2012. 3. More Friends With Benefits Is nothing sacred? More than 41 percent of Americans recently said they’d had sex with an acquaintance in the past year, compared to only 32.1 percent back in the ’80s. 4. Americans Are More Accepting Lehmiller’s chart also demonstrates that attitudes toward sex in America are more accepting than they used to be, especially in regards to same-sex marriage and premarital sex. Check out the infographic to see how much they’ve improved: Casual sex and sexual partners are on the rise. Lehmiller’s chart explains that two aspects of Americans’ sex lives saw little change in the past 30 years. About 92 percent of Americans said they had sex with a regular partner in the ’80s, compared to 93 percent now. Also, the number of people paying for sex is still relatively low — as far as they're willing to admit. Approximately 1.8 percent of people copped to it back then, and 3.2 percent are saying they’ve done it now. If people are having more sex, education about contraception is more important than ever. Male and female condoms are a go-to for casual sex and the only forms of birth control that protect against sexually transmitted infections. For more options and information, check out this article about finding the right birth control for your body. Related: Why Millennials Are Having Way Less Sex Than You Think Were you surprised by any of this information? Do you think these shifting trends are good, bad or neutral? Let us know in the comments section! Hoku Krueger recently graduated from Occidental College with a B.A. in English and Comparative Literature Studies and a minor in French Language Studies. During her time there she wrote for the Occidental Weekly and interned with The Maui News.	cc/2019-30/en_head_0039.json.gz/line783
__label__wiki	0.919757	0.919757	Turkey’s Afrin Offensive can pitch Ankara against both Washington and Moscow Md. Muddassir Quamar Md. Muddassir Quamar is Associate Fellow at Institute for Defence Studies and Analyses, New Delhi. Click here for detailed profile. Turkey has announced that its armed forces are set to start a military offensive against the Kurdish enclave of Afrin in northwest Syria. Afrin is part of the Kurdish autonomous region known as Rojava controlled by the Democratic Union Party (PYD) and its armed wing, the People’s Protection Unit (YPG). The PYD dominates the US-backed Syrian Democratic Forces (SDF) alliance that has played a significant role in fight against the Islamic State (IS) in northern Syria and continues to be the strongest vanguard against the IS terrorists. The Turkish announcement, which had been expected for some time, came after a parliamentary group meeting of the ruling Justice and Development Party (AKP) in Ankara on January 16. Addressing a press conference after the meeting, President Recep Tayyip Erdoğan said that the offensive is part of Turkey’s war on terror to secure its borders against “Kurdish terrorists.” Arguing that the military operation is necessary to stop the banned Kurdistan Worker’s Party (PKK) from using northern Syria as a safe haven from which to mount attacks inside Turkey, Erdoğan said that Turkish armed forces are ready to conduct anti-terror operations in Afrin and Manbij to “root out all terror nests in Syria.” While official sources said that the Turkish armed forces is holding joint drills with the Free Syrian Army (FSA) near Syrian border in preparation of the planned offensive, media reports have suggested that security forces stationed in Turkey’s southern Hatay province are already hitting YPG targets in Afrin. The Turkish announcement acquires significance in the backdrop of two recent developments. First, the Russian decision to include the Kurds in the Syrian peace process and, second, the US announcement to help the PYD form a 30,000-strong Kurdish Border Security Forces to guard its borders. Russia, which has emerged as the most important player in the Syrian civil war, has been trying to mediate among government and rebel groups to resolve the conflict through the Astana peace process The process, which had begun in January 2017, following lack of headway in the UN-mediated Geneva talks., After several rounds of talks, the peace process has made some progress, especially with all the local conflicting parties agreeing to the establishment of “safe zones” ,in May 2017 with Russia, Iran and Turkey agreeing to guarantee its implementation. However, Ankara and Moscow have had serious differences over the participation of the Syrian Kurds in the Astana process. This had prevented direct Kurdish participation in the earlier rounds of the Astana talks but in December 2017, Moscow made clear its intentions to involve the Syrian Kurds and invited them to participate in the proposed Syrian National Dialogue in Sochi scheduled for January 29-30. Russia sees PYD and other Kurdish groups as part of the solution in Syria and as per the draft constitution prepared by Moscow in early 2017, Kurds will have an autonomous status in post-conflict Syria, similar to the Kurdish Regional Government (KRG) in Iraq. This is, however, not acceptable to Ankara which sees it as detrimental to its national security because of its restive Kurdish population and the alleged links between the PKK and YPG. Despite suggestions that Moscow and Ankara have come to an agreement for the participation of Kurds in the Sochi congress, no official confirmation has come from either Turkey or Russia. The US, which has been sidelined by Russia and Iran as far as the peace process is concerned, continues to remain a major player in the Syrian crisis. The US military has been instrumental in the defeat of the IS in Syria, both through direct military operations and by providing arms and training to the SDF. In fact, the US has also supported the PYD and has supplied weapons to, and trained its armed wing, the YPG. Turkey, on the contrary, sees the YPG as a branch of the PKK and disapproves of its growing presence in the areas along the 822 km-long Turkey-Syria border. This has led to serious differences between Washington and Ankara threatening to irreversibly harm relations between the two NATO members. The, announcement on January 14 by the US coalition spokesperson in Syria, Ryan Dillon, that Washington plans to help the YPG establish a 30,000 strong Border Security Force to guard areas under its control has further enraged Ankara which has perceived it as a direct warning by the US against the planned military operation in Afrin. Turkey which has been planning the military operation for weeks was not convinced despite clarifications from the Pentagon that the proposed force is a) not a Border Security Force and, b) is not targeted against Turkey, rather, is a regular force created to fight the IS. President Erdoğan was reportedly furious with the announcement and denounced the US plan as akin to raising an “army of terror.” Addressing a group of his supporters in Ankara on January 15, Erdoğan remarked that Turkey is ready to begin its military offensive in Afrin despite the US opposition and will secure its borders from PKK-YPG terrorists, who, with US support, have raised “terrorist army on our borders.” He further said that it is “Our duty is to strangle this terrorist army before it is even born.” For Turkey, Afrin has been a major bone of contention since it was taken over by the PYD in the early stages of the Syrian conflict. It wanted to target the Kurdish enclave in August 2016 when it had launched Operation Euphrates Shield against the IS but at that time, Washington and Moscow had prevented Ankara from marching on the Kurds. While the operation helped Turkey secure a military zone for its forces in northern Syria, the continued expansion of the Kurdish autonomous region had Ankara seriously worried. Turkey’s Foreign Minister Mevlüt Çavuşoğlu had remarked in one of his media interactions that “Turkey’s precautions against YPG/PKK cannot be limited to only Afrin,” indicating that Turkey plans to gradually expand the Afrin offensive. Meanwhile, the Turkish Chief of General Staff, Hulusi Akar, and National Intelligence Organization (MİT) Undersecretary Hakan Fidan flew to Moscow to hold talks with Russian counterparts on the planned offensive. This means that Ankara wished to bring Moscow on board before undertaking any military operation in Syria. President Erdoğan too has said that talks are going in with Russia on the planned military operation in Afrin. But at the same time, he stated that Turkey does not plan to consult the US on the issue. Analysts however argue that it would be impossible for Turkey to get a go ahead from Washington and Moscow, both of whom see the Syrian Kurds, especially the PYD and YPG, as significant actors in the Syrian crisis. The US has already issued a statement urging Turkey to refrain from any military operation in Afrin. The State Department Spokesperson Heather Nauert during a media briefing on January 19 said “We would call ... on the Turks to not take any actions of that sort. ... We don’t want them to engage in violence but we want them to keep focused on Daesh.” While Moscow has remained silent so far, it too, would not be inclined to allow Turkey to undertake a full-fledged military operation against the PYD-YPG, which is in talks with Moscow to participate in the Sochi dialogue. Nevertheless, Turkey has continued to build up forces on its borders close to Afrin. According to some Turkish analysts, the planned offensive is linked to domestic politics as the AKP is approaching a crucial election year. Many feel that Erdoğan is preparing to call for early presidential elections due in 2019. While economic problems and concerns about growing authoritarianism might harm AKP’s prospects, a perceived “military success” abroad can be presented as an achievement. In Erdoğan’s calculation, even a limited Afrin offensive would boost support for him among his core constituencies of Turkish nationalists and conservative Islamists. However, with both Moscow and Washington opposed to the military operation, it would seriously antagonize both and further isolate Turkey in global and regional politics, if Ankara goes ahead with its plans. Views expressed are of the author and do not necessarily reflect the views of the IDSA or of the Government of India. Turkey-Syria Relations Turkey Treads a Fine Line in Syria The Turkish Military Base in Doha: A Step towards Gaining “Strategic Depth” in the Middle East? India-Turkey Relations: Frozen in Time? Is President Trump’s Foreign Policy Shaping Up? Turkish Referendum: Will it lead to Autocratic Rule?	cc/2019-30/en_head_0039.json.gz/line785
__label__wiki	0.536705	0.536705	UMS Dance Performance - Moiseyev Dance Company Hill Auditorium, 825 N. University Ave. One of Russia's premier folk dance ensembles in performance under the auspices of the University Musical Society. Tickets required. In 1936, Igor Moiseyev, ballet master and former principal dancer of the Bolshoi Ballet, was asked by the Soviet government to organize the first Festival of National Dance. As a student, Moiseyev had traversed the country on foot, immersing himself in the study of Russian folklore, and in the treasury of songs, dances, customs, traditions, and festivals belonging to the 180 national cultures that were then part of the Soviet Union. The festival's success convinced Moiseyev to develop a professional company that would preserve the best traditions of folk dancing, while developing new work based on current themes. The superb company now numbers more than 200 with an active repertory of more than 200 dances. Consistently acclaimed throughout the world as the greatest of all folk dance groups, Moiseyev Dance Company has captivated audiences throughout the world with its unrivaled technical brilliance and exuberant evocations of traditional dances. The company makes its first UMS appearance.See also: http://www.opus3artists.com/artists/moiseyev-dance-company	cc/2019-30/en_head_0039.json.gz/line786
__label__wiki	0.87188	0.87188	List of references to Heroes From Heroes Wiki Robot Chicken references Heroes. 1 References to Heroes 1.1 2P START! 1.2 30 Rock 1.3 Alesana 1.4 The Batman 1.5 The Big Bang Theory 1.6 Bionic Woman 1.7 Cable & Deadpool 1.8 Chuck 1.9 The Cleveland Show 1.10 The Colbert Report 1.11 Covert Affairs 1.12 Crossword Puzzles 1.13 Ctrl+Alt+Del 1.14 The Daily Show with Jon Stewart 1.15 Epic Movie 1.16 ER 1.17 Eureka 1.18 Family Guy 1.19 Graceland 1.20 Hijinks Ensue 1.21 House M.D. 1.22 I See Stars 1.23 Jeopardy! 1.24 Joe Dirt 1.25 Knight Rider 1.26 Knives Exchanging Hands 1.27 Kyle XY 1.28 Late Show with David Letterman 1.29 Law & Order: Special Victims Unit 1.30 Meet the Spartans 1.31 My Name is Earl 1.32 MadTV 1.33 Misfits 1.34 Muchachada Nui 1.35 The Office 1.36 One Life to Live 1.37 One Tree Hill 1.38 Psych 1.39 Pushing Daisies 1.40 Rayman Raving Rabbids TV Party 1.41 RealLife 1.42 Robot Chicken 1.43 Royal Pains 1.44 Scrubs 1.45 Shaq's Big Challenge 1.46 The Simpsons 1.47 So You Think You Can Dance 1.48 Studio 60 on the Sunset Strip 1.49 Suits 1.50 The Tonight Show with Jay Leno 1.51 Torchwood 1.52 True Blood 1.53 Ugly Betty 1.54 White Collar As Heroes grows in popularity and becomes a part of pop culture, many other media make reference to Heroes. References to Heroes 2P START! In the Superfreak issue of the webcomic 2P START! (released June 6, 2007) Ray is concentrating on his computer. Tim comes in and jokes that he is Micah and can talk to computers. Then Tim guesses what he's doing and Ray says "You just read my mind! Like Matt Parkman!" In the episode The Head and the Hair, which aired on January 18, 2007, Liz Lemon goes to a swanky party where she feels uncomfortable and out of place. She tries to make small talk with the trendy party goers by asking them if they've been watching Heroes. When they don't answer her, she says that she likes the Japanese guy. In the October 4, 2007, second season premiere (SeinfeldVision), NBC executive Jack Donaghy attempts to boost ratings by digitally inserting Jerry Seinfeld into promotional spots for current shows. One such advertisement features a scene from Better Halves. Jerry, in the role of Peter Petrelli, relays a message to Ando over the phone: "Save the cheerleader, save the world." When Ando repeats the message, an irritated Jerry says, "Yeah, that's what I said!" In the November 12, 2007, episode (Greenzo), Kenneth is throwing a small party. Rumors about the party spin out of control, culminating with Frank's claim that "the girl from Heroes is gonna take a shower." In the November 13, 2008, episode (The One with the Cast of 'Night Court'), guest star Harry Anderson, a real-life magician, asks Liz Lemon if she is with network. He then pitches his idea to her that Heroes could have a new hero with the superpower of doing close-up magic. In the January 8, 2009, episode (Señor Macho Solo), Jack Donaghy extols the benefits of cross-promotion--he remarks that they're including a Heroes DVD in every missile guidance system that the company sells. In the November 19, 2009, episode (Sun Tea), Kenneth reminds Liz that she has made a promise to Masi Oka to be more environmentally conscious. Kenneth says, "'Conserve electricity. Don't be a zero, be a good guy.' Why didn't that say hero? That feels like a real missed opportunity." On their 2008 album Where Myth Fades to Legend, hard rock "screamo" band Alesana wrote a song called "This Is Usually The Part Where People Scream" (a paraphrased line from Sylar in .07%). According to band member Shaun Milke, the song was influenced by the first season of Heroes. It contains lyrics like "It's a chance to save the world or lose the girl / Let's save the world! / Heroes will save the day!" In the February 10, 2007, episode Seconds, Francis Gray discovers in jail that he can manipulate time. While in jail, he uses his power several times, squinting with concentration; one example involves making a clock go back one second. Additionally, at the end of the episode, the name of his clock-making company is shown as "Gray & Son Repair". In the episode The Recombination Hypothesis, which aired as the 100th episode on January 19, 2012, Sheldon is considering what to do with a cardboard cut-out of Spock, disappointed that it is Zachary Quinto and not Leonard Nimoy. Sheldon asks, "Why would I feel safer with Zachary Quinto at the foot of my bed?" and Leonard replies, "I don't know, he was pretty bad ass on Heroes." After considering, Sheldon says, "Nope. Sorry Quinto, you're going back!" In the April 25, 2013, episode The Closure Alternative, Sheldon learns that a favorite television show of his is about to be canceled. He says, "They can't just cancel a show like Alphas. You know? They have to help the viewers let go. Firefly did a movie to wrap things up. Buffy the Vampire Slayer continued on as a comic book. Heroes gradually lowered the quality season by season till we were grateful it ended." In episode Do Not Disturb (November 28, 2007), Jaime Sommers and her sister are sitting in the bed eating ice cream, and watching TV. They hear and see the segment from Genesis when Hiro stands up and shouts "Yatta!" from his Yamagato Industries cubicle, and runs down the office celebrating his first successful attempt at bending time. Cable & Deadpool In Issue #39 (Mistaken Identities, June 2007) of the Marvel comic book Cable & Deadpool, Deadpool stabs T-Ray with a katana. Before he does so, he says that his "katana was forged by the same guy who made the one on Heroes." Incidentally, Issue #39 was colored by Chris Sotomayor, and numerous issues prior to #39 were drawn by Staz Johnson. Commercials for the premiere of NBC's Chuck (which debuted directly before Four Months Later... on September 24, 2007) teased, "Save the Geek, Save the World". (Years later, Chuck star Zachary Levi would star in the Heroes miniseries Heroes Reborn.) The "Nerd Herd" reviews the Heroes DVD. In a Chuck interactive game, the user can browse the title character's inbox. An email, titled "more than paper... much more", is from Primatech Paper. On the January 10, 2010, episode Love Rollercoaster, Cleveland is complaining about the pointlessness of Facebook updates. He says sarcastically, "Ooh! Betsy Sherman is excited to watch Heroes!" He then decides to tweet "Go suck an egg, Betsy." In the July 29, 2008 episode, Stephen Colbert interviews Congresswoman Carolyn Maloney, who is running for the 14th District of Manhattan. He notes that Nathan Petrelli of Heroes also ran for her district, and he could fly. Then, he asks if she had any superpowers, and bets she wishes she had x-ray vision right now. As part of USA Network's cross promotion with NBC, the Covert Affairs official Twitter page (and Facebook page) posted a picture on September 21, 2015, three days before Heroes Reborn aired. The picture posted is of Auggie Anderson standing in front of the Heroes Reborn background with the word "Superheroes" written across. Next to the character (who is blind and has excellent senses), it says "Superhuman Senses". The post also said, "There's a superhero in all of us." A Newsday puzzle from January 3, 2007, had the clue "Heroes actress Larter". The answer was "ALI". A clue from the Jonesin' crossword puzzle on March 20, 2007, read "Masi of Heroes". The answer was "OKA". The Jonesin' crossword puzzle on April 10, 2007, contained a clue that read "TV show with a villain named Sylar". The answer was "HEROES". The AV Club crossword puzzle from June 27, 2007, had a clue that said "NBC hit series". The answer was "HEROES". A crossword puzzle posted on July 25, 2007, by AV Club featured the clue "Larter of Heroes". The answer was "ALI". One of the clues from the Universal Crossword puzzle on September 7, 2007, said "Ventimiglia of Heroes". The answer was "MILO". A clue from the Newsday crossword puzzle on November 21, 2007, read "Heroes network". The answer was "NBC". A puzzle in the November 21, 2007, issue of NY Sun had the clue "Larter of Heroes". The answer was "ALI". A Wall Street Journal crossword puzzle on December 7, 2007, featured the clue "Larter of Heroes". The answer was "ALI". Clues from the Jonesin' crossword puzzles on August 19 and 21, 2008, both read "Actor Ventimiglia of Heroes". The answer was "MILO". A New York Times puzzle on December 14, 2008, featured the clue "Heroes actress Larter". The answer was "ALI". A crossword puzzle posted on March 4, 2009, in New York Times featured the clue "Actress Larter of Heroes". The answer was "ALI". The USA Today crossword puzzle from June 2, 2009, had a clue that said "Sci-fi drama on NBC". The answer was "HEROES". A clue from the New York Times crossword puzzle on July 5, 2009, read "Actor Ventimiglia of Heroes". The answer was "MILO". A New York Times puzzle on November 22, 2009, featured the clue "Larter of Heroes". The answer was "ALI". A puzzle from USA Today on March 9, 2010, featured the clue "Heroes actress Larter". The answer was "ALI". In the LA Times crossword puzzle on May 30, 2010, a clue read "Sci-fi series about people with special powers". The answer was "HEROES". A crossword puzzle posted on June 23, 2010, in New York Times featured the clue "Actress Larter of Heroes". The answer was "ALI". A clue from the LA Times crossword puzzle on June 26, 2010, read "Heroes home". The answer was "NBC". A Washington Post puzzle on July 16, 2010, featured the clue "Larter of Heroes". The answer was "ALI". A clue from the Jonesin' crossword puzzle on August 31, 2010, read "Actor Ventimiglia of Heroes". The answer was "MILO". Puzzles from Jonesin' on both September 23 and 28, 2010, featured the clue "Heroes actress Larter". The answer to each was "ALI". In the December 8, 2010, Onion A.V. Club crossword puzzle, one clue read "Masi Oka character Nakamura". The answer was "HIRO". In the July 21, 2011, syndicated puzzle by Matt Jones, one clue read "Highly-touted NBC spinoff cancelled in 2008 before production". The answer was "HEROESORIGINS". (The puzzle's theme was that some solutions had words with the initials HO, like Heroes Origins.) A clue from the Pat Sajak Code Letter crossword puzzle on September 14, 2011, read "Sci-fi drama on NBC". The answer was "HEROES". An AV Club puzzle from October 26, 2011, had the clue "Heroes star Oka". The answer was "MASI". A clue from the Jonesin' crossword puzzles on both March 1 and 13, 2012, read "Masi of Heroes". The answer was "OKA". A puzzle from Pat Sajak Code Letter on April 5, 2012, featured the clue "Heroes actress Larter". The answer was "ALI". Two Jonesin' puzzles from July 12 and 24, 2012, both contained the clue "Actor Oka of Heroes". The answer was "MASI". Clues from both the Village Voice and Inkwell crossword puzzle on August 31, 2012, said "Cheerleader Bennet on Heroes". The answer was "Claire". A clue from the Jonesin' crossword puzzles on both November 15 and 27, 2012, read "Heroes villain (anagram of L-RAYS)". The answer was "SYLAR". The March 28, 2007, issue of Ctrl+Alt+Del (called Association), Ethan watches a show on his computer that makes references to Battlestar Galactica, Starship Troopers, Command & Conquer, Lost, and other science fiction shows. Ethan comments that he is grateful there are no actors on the show from Heroes or Firefly. He says his brain wouldn't be able to withstand "this geek character orgy of sheer awesomeness." In the It's on My Mind issue of the webcomic Ctrl+Alt+Del (released May 14, 2007), Ethan asks Lucas if he is familiar with Sylar's habit of absorbing powers by taking their brains. Ethan, excited that Lucas is skilled at Halo, takes out a saw. Lucas balks, explaining that Sylar's victims usually end up dead. In the September 22, 2008 issue, one character expresses his excitement that Heroes had returned to television. After being asked by his roommate how he could still be excited "after what a disaster season two was", the character replies that the more often his hopes get crushed, the less it hurts the next time. He claims that "it's a long-term investment". In the May 16, 2010 issue, two characters discuss NBC's recent cancellation of Heroes. One character makes a noise, and then is suddenly in pain. He says, "I was trying to care, but I think I pulled something." An episode of The Daily Show aired a featurette lampooning Heroes. A promo for Epic Movie (starring Jayma Mays and released January 26, 2007) poked fun at the success of Heroes. In episode Crisis of Conscience (February 15, 2007), Dr. Dubenko says, "Save the cheerleader, save the world," after he attends to a cheerleader. In the episode Show Me the Mummy (August 26, 2008), Jack Carter watches as his friend Fargo is affected with an impending plague. Carter says, "Save Fargo, save the town". A commercial for episode Chick Cancer (November 26, 2006) showed quick cuts of Stewie Griffin wearing a cheerleader outfit, then talking to a tied up cheerleader, interspersed with title cards that read "Save the Baby, Save the Planet". As part of USA Network's cross promotion with NBC, the Graceland official Twitter page (and Facebook page) posted a picture on September 21, 2015, three days before Heroes Reborn aired. The picture posted is of Mike Warren standing in front of the Heroes Reborn background with the word "Superheroes" written across. Next to the character (whose fate is unknown after a cliffhanger season ender where he may or may not have been killed), it says "Immortal". The post also said, "Use your powers wisely." Hijinks Ensue In the September 3, 2007, issue of the webcomic Hijinks Ensue (called NBC Makes Excellent Business Decisions), artist Joel Watson complains about the bundling of NBC content when he asks, "Why do I have to buy 3 episodes of Deal or No Deal just to get the new Heroes?" In the September 27, 2007, issue (called Heroes continues to not be X-Men), Joel imitates the power of Isaac Mendez, painting the future. He points a gun at Josh, wondering if Josh might be invincible (since the eclipse didn't give him the powers of flight, mind reading, talking to fish, or increased swimming speed). In actuality, Josh appears to emulate Niki's split personality, seeing an evil form of himself in the mirror. Also featured is Eli, phasing through a wall to steal a newly released video game. Incidentally, the comic also features the Heroes eclipse, with the title spelled "H.E.roes" as a nod to the comic's title, Hijinks Ensue. In the November 8, 2007, issue (called Tim Kring makes puppies commit adultery), Joel, Eli, and Josh stand outside NBC studios with picket signs. Tim Kring approaches Josh, and thanks him for supporting the Writers Guild strike. The three picketers are unaware that there is a strike -- instead, they were picketing Heroes, with slogans like "Please kill Maya y Alejandro," "Bring back Peter Petrelli's bangs," and "Stop Tim Kring. He's ruining Heroes!!! Also he eats babies." [Note that artist and blogger Joel Watson used this comic as a "remix", where fans could submit their own captions and dialog.] In the September 24, 2008, issue (called All We Wanna Do Is Eat Your Brains), Joel suggests that if a trained bear murders the cast of Heroes, the show cannot continue to be made. Josh explains a simpler solution: just stop watching. Joel, wanting the power to stop watching the show, removes the top of Josh's skull and steals Josh's power. However, it backfires -- he no longer has to watch Heroes, but he feels compelled to watch Project Runway. The December 1, 2008, issue (called There Goes My Hero), posits the idea, "If real life was written like Heroes." Characters echo some of the fans' complaints about the show, including characters quickly switching back and forth between being "good" and "evil", the central plot not advancing, characters falling in love despite never having previous romantic tension, and characters being related to each other too much. In the December 3, 2008, issue (called Tweroes and Twillains), Wil Wheaton notices that Greg Grunberg is following him on Twitter and wants Wil to be a guest star on Heroes. Barack Obama notices the "twiendship" between "Wesley Crusher and Matt Parkman from Heroes." In the February 10, 2010, issue (called An Heroic Spirit), Josh and Joel celebrate "that Heroes is gone for glug good." They drink what Joel calls "Sylar Sauce" (from a bottle with The Symbol on it), which makes the drinker "switch from good to evil at random intervals with no apparent motivation." The drink is also "really bad for your brain." In the season 5 episode Locked In (March 31, 2009) House encourages Dr. Taub to "save the cheerleader, save your world" in reference to a patient presumably inflicted with lock-in syndrome. I See Stars On April 14, 2009, the band I See Stars released the song "Save the Cheerleader, Save the World" on their album 3-D. In the February 13, 2007, episode, the $600 answer in the first round under the category "TV is So Dramatic" was "Save Hayden Panettiere, who plays an indestructible cheerleader on this NBC drama, save the world." In the May 3, 2007, episode, the $800 answer in the second round under the category "Famous Young Women" was "On this show an Internet stripper has unnatural abilities that would appeal to a genetics professor." The September 18, 2007, episode's first round had Heroes-related answer in the category "TV Shows That Bombed". The $800 answer was "This series' Peter Petrelli had visions that he would cause a nuclear holocaust in NYC." The October 10, 2007, episode featured a $400 question in the second round under the category "Young Actors". The answer was "Hayden Panettiere, seen here [clip shown], is virtually indestructible on this NBC show." The November 5, 2007, episode had a $1200 question in the second round under the category "Must Flee TV": "The horned-rimmed glasses guy pursued & kidnapped people with special abilities on this show." The May 16, 2008, episode's first round had a question for $1000 under the category "Television" that read "Jack Coleman, who plays the mysterious H.R.G. on this show, is a descendant of Benjamin Franklin." In the November 17, 2008, episode, one answer in the first round under the category "Kids Rule TV" was "Noah Gray-Cabey plays Micah Sanders, a person with the ability to control machines with his touch, in this series." On June 10, 2009's episode, the first round's category "TV Casts" had a $800 answer that simply read "Milo Ventimiglia, Jimmy Jean-Louis, Ali Larter". The July 17, 2009, episode's Double Jeopardy round's category "Pop Culture" had a $1600 answer that read "This Hero-ic actress is working with the Whaleman Foundation to try to stop all commercial whaling." The question was "Hayden Panettiere". In the July 5, 2010, episode, the $1200 answer under the category "Tell Us of Television" in the second round was "As Sylar, Zachary Quinto enjoyed picking the occasional brain on this NBC show." (This was a triple stumper, where none of the three contestants got the question right.) The correct question for each, of course, was "What is Heroes?" In the September 29, 2008, episode, the $1000 answer in the first round under the category "Stupid Answers" was "Masi Oka plays a character with this first name on the TV show Heroes." The question was "Who is Hiro?" In the second round of the May 19, 2011, episode, the $1600 question in the category "Tattooed Ladies" was "This Heroes cheerleader has a torso tat that reads (in misspelled Italian), 'Live without regrets'." The question was "Who is Hayden Panettiere?" Joe Dirt When Joe Dirt was broadcast on Comedy Central (December 2006), promotions read "Save the mullet, save the world". On the Halloween episode, character Zoe was dressed up in a Odessa Wildcats cheer-leading outfit. When conversing with Billy, she stated "Save me, Save the world" Knives Exchanging Hands On November 27, 2007, the band Knives Exchanging Hands released the song "Save the Cheerleader, Save the World" on their album Hiatus. During episode Lockdown (August 27, 2007), an exasperated Hillary exclaims, "Oh, for the love of Peter Petrelli!" The May 15, 2007, Top Ten List was presented by Masi Oka: Top Ten Surprises In The Heroes Season Finale 10. One of us gets whacked by Tony Soprano 9. Show's slogan changed to "Save the Cheerleader, Save the World, Save 15% on Your Car Insurance by Switching to Geico" 8. Judges go nuts after the pulse-pounding rumba I do with Billy Ray Cyrus 7. We use our powers to lower gas prices, am I right, people? 6. Devote entire show to figuring out what the hell is happening on Lost 5. The telepathic cop wins a new car after reading Pat Sajak's mind on Wheel Of Fortune 4. New hero has the ability to reduce acid reflux 3. I beat the crap out of Spider-Man 2. The invisible man gets caught sneaking into dressing rooms at J.C. Penney 1. I use my teleporting powers to bust Paris Hilton out of the slammer The June 17, 2010, Top Ten List was titled "Top Ten Signs Your Monkey Is Watching Too Much Television". The number 8 entry was "After Heroes was cancelled, he didn't eat bananas for a month." In the October 9, 2007, episode Impulsive (episode 3 of season 9), the character Shane Mills boards a bus that has an advertisement for Heroes on its side. Near the beginning, King Leonidas consults the Oracle (an Ugly Betty parody), with a councilor translating. Among some nonsensical things she says, one of her warnings is "Save the cheerleader, save the world", to which Leonidas replies, "I'm sorry, I'm not a fan of Heroes". This film is known for its excessive use of pop culture references. During episode Foreign Exchange Student (February 1, 2007), in a flashback scene in a classroom, a chalkboard can be seen in the background. Writing on this board reads "Screw the cheerleader, destroy the world." Heroes was mentioned in an episode in which the audience does not know what is going on, and the narrator asks, "Who is the guy with the glasses?" Also, in episode #1212 (February 3, 2007), in the segment 24 with Bobby Lee, 24's Mary Lynn Rajskub mistakes Bobby for the Asian actor Masi Oka from Heroes. And in episode #1220 (April 28, 2007), a full sketch was also performed, parodying Hiro, Ando, Niki, Mr. Bennet, Mohinder, Peter, Nathan and Claire. Misfits, a UK teen-drama on UK channel E4, has been described as "Heroes meets Skins". (Skins is another E4 series). In the 13th episode of the Spanish sketch television show Muchachada Nui (airing December 12, 2007), there was a sketch called "Enjuto Mojamuto. Ídolos" about a nerd's experiences. During the sketch, the character claims that Hiro Nakamura from Heroes is one of his idols. During episode The Negotiation (April 5, 2007), Dwight says, "You know who's a real hero? Hiro, from Heroes. That's a hero." Christian Vega's studio apartment prominently features an in-progress painting, which just so happens to be the exact same as Isaac's unfinished painting of Sylar, A Long Shadow. Incidentally, Hayden Panettiere once had a small role on One Life to Live. Additionally, some find great parallels between One Life to Live's Niki/Viki storyline and Heroes's Niki/Jessica storyline. A promo for episode Prom Night at Hater High (February 21, 2007) focused on a list Haley asks Nathan to make of all the girls he's ever been with. The promo ends with the tag, "Are you on the list?" This is the same marketing tagline NBC used to promote Heroes in January, 2007. As part of USA Network's cross promotion with NBC, the Psych official Twitter page (and Facebook page) posted a picture on September 22, 2015, two days before Heroes Reborn aired. The picture posted is of Sean Spencer standing in front of the Heroes Reborn background with the word "Superheroes" written across. Next to the character (who has extraordinary powers of observation and deduction, and pretends to be psychic), it says "Psychic(ish)". The post also said, "You never know who's a true superhero." In the October 24, 2007, episode Pigeon, Ned says to Chuck, "Maybe there's an eclipse and it goes away," referring to his ability to bring back the dead. It should be noted that Pushing Daisies was created by Bryan Fuller, and stars Heroes alumni such as Ellen Greene and Swoosie Kurtz. Rayman Raving Rabbids TV Party In the video game teaser trailers it shows a room that looks like level 5, with a Rabbid trying to use telekinesis on a can of baked beans. In the January 26, 2010, issue of the webcomic RealLife, Greg, Liz, and Dave watch television on talk about how much they enjoy Chuck. Dave complains, "Then Heroes has to come on and ruin it." They try to change the channel, but the show begins anyway with the traditional "Previously on Heroes", and some odd sound effects. Greg listens to the strange sounds and says that "they've stepped up the writing a notch or two." The November 4, 2007 episode Losin' the Wobble (written by and starring Seth Green and Breckin Meyer) features a sequence entitled It's the Law, Asshole! in which police brutally bludgeon smart-alecks. In one scene, two men are seen at a water cooler. One comments that Heroes is better than Lost because it answers questions. He is immediately pummeled by the police force. On the September 14, 2008 episode Bionic Cow, Robot Chicken spoofed Heroes in a segment called Uncle Glen. Uncle Glen entertains his nephew and niece by pretending he has a war injury--he slides the thumb of one hand back and forth making it look like the thumb of his other hand is detached. Glen goes to get a beer from the refrigerator, and when he closes the door, Sylar is standing in his kitchen. Sylar (voiced by guest star Zachary Quinto) says, "Removing your finger--that's a good power, Uncle Glen. I must have it." Sylar then telekinetically slices Glen's head open as a clock ticks in the background. The Heroes eclipse title card plays, and the title "Chapter Fifty-Seven: 'Uncle Glen'" is displayed on the wall. The family searches for Uncle Glen as Sylar stands outside the home practicing his new finger trick power. When Uncle Glen can't be found, it is concluded that Glen "must be having one of his explosive diarrhea attacks again." Suddenly Sylar is struck with explosive diarrhea. He says, "Every once in awhile, this power backfires." Additionally, several of Isaac's paintings appear on the walls of the home: Mohinder scattering his father's ashes, Sylar standing over Jackie's body, and Claire being chased through Union Wells. It should also be noted that Seth Green co-created Robot Chicken, and he is also an executive producer, actor, writer, and director for the show. Breckin Meyer is also a frequent actor and writer for the show. As part of USA Network's cross promotion with NBC, the Royal Pains official Twitter page (and Facebook page) posted a picture on September 23, 2015, the day before Heroes Reborn aired. The picture posted is of Dr. Hank Lawson standing in front of the Heroes Reborn background with the word "Superheroes" written across. Next to the character, it says "Healer". The post also said, "You can always count on a hero." On a website designed by the Scrubs creators, Rate Your Doc has a section for Franklyn (played by Masi Oka). His description says that he is heroic, once saved a cheerleader, does things in a timely manner, wishes to travel back to feudal Japan to meet his ancestors, and looks strangely like Hiro Nakamura. Shaq's Big Challenge In episode four (17 July 2007) of Shaq's Big Challenge, contestents had to lose 20 pounds in order to see a Miami Heat game. An announcer, over images of Miami Heat cheerleaders, said "Lose the weight, see the cheerleaders". Promotions for syndicated Simpsons episodes featured the tagline "Save the Beerdrinker, Save the World," touting the promise that "unlikely chumps combine special abilities." In true Simpsons fashion, the 30-second spot featured a large number of quick references, including Wiggum (a cop), Quimby (a politician), Apu (an Indian), Cletus wearing a wifebeater, Marge side-by-side in dissimilar poses (and later holding a gun), Lisa as a cheerleader, Ralph as a football player, Mrs. Krabappel as a fortune teller, Willie having his thoughts read, Homer's face melting, an explosion, a donut in place of an O, and Homer facing a dinosaur. To open the June 11, 2009, episode, all dance competitors danced to the Black Eyed Peas song "Boom Boom Pow". Immediately prior to the song, as the dancers held their poses, a voice whispered, "Save the dancers, save the world." In episode The Harriet Dinner: Part I (January 29, 2007), guest starring Masi Oka, featured a sketch in which Sarah Paulson's character dressed as a cheerleader leans up against Masi Oka and says, "Save me, save the world". As part of USA Network's cross promotion with NBC, the Suits official Twitter page (and Facebook page) posted a picture on September 21, 2015, three days before Heroes Reborn aired. The picture posted is of Mike Ross standing in front of the Heroes Reborn background with the word "Superheroes" written across. Next to the character (who is gifted with an eidetic memory), it says "Photographic Memory". The post also said, "Something to never forget." The Tonight Show with Jay Leno There have been several quick segments with new people with fictitious powers. In the episode originally airing December 4, 2008, there was a segment about Heroes with a new hero called "Catapult Man". During the segment, the Heroes introduction plays and then a video plays where a man is launched by catapult into the side of a house. After the death of the character Ianto Jones in BBC's sci-fi drama Torchwood, fans began a campaign to bring him back, using the phrase, "Save the coffee boy, save the world". In the first season of the HBO series, vampire Eddie Gauthier notes that Monday nights are his favorite, beginning with an episode of Heroes and then a visit from Lafayette Reynolds. November 2006 promotions for Ugly Betty read "Love the ugly, love the world". As part of USA Network's cross promotion with NBC, the White Collar official Twitter page (and Facebook page) posted a picture on September 22, 2015, two days before Heroes Reborn aired. The picture posted is of Neal Caffrey standing in front of the Heroes Reborn background with the word "Superheroes" written across. Next to the character (who is a master criminal and seems to evade prosecution), it says "Invisible Man". The post also said, "We all have powers. It's how you use them that counts." In an issue of SP START... ...Micah and Matt were referenced. Francis Gray from The Batman tries to manipulate time. Francis works in Gray & Son Repair, a clock repairing company. The Kensei sword was referenced on Cable & Deadpool. At the end of the "Save the Geek, Save the World" ad, the logo of Chuck overlaps with Heroes'. Primatech Paper sends an email to Chuck Bartowski, the title character of Chuck. The Nerd Herd from Chuck reviews the Heroes DVD. Ctrl+Alt+Del says that actors from Heroes working together would be an "orgy of sheer awesomeness". Sylar's preferred methods of killing is referenced the topic of a Ctrl+Alt+Del issue. Characters from the comic discuss the disappointing second season. The comic later references the cancellation of Heroes. Dr. Dubenko from ER says, "Save the cheerleader, save the world." The profile page for Franklyn from Scrubs references the character of Hiro. On MadTV, Bobby Lee parodies Hiro's time-stopping face. Masi Oka appears on Late Show with David Letterman. RealLife pokes fun at Heroes. Sylar appears in an episode of Robot Chicken... ...after the teaser, the title page for Heroes was shown... ...followed by the episode title. In another episode of Robot Chicken, a man is beaten for saying Heroes is better than Lost. Stephen Colbert tells Congresswoman Carolyn Maloney about Congressman Nathan Petrelli and his ability to fly in The Colbert Report. Hijinks Ensue mentions Heroes... ...gives characters similar abilities as Heroes characters... ...accuses Tim Kring of eating babies... ...kills a character à la Sylar... ...echoes fan complaints about the show... ...reflects on a twiendship between Greg Grunberg and Wil Wheaton... ...and celebrates the cancellation of Heroes. USA (part of the NBC parent company) released posters using the Heroes Reborn background, but featuring characters from Covert Affairs... ...Graceland... ...Psych... ...Royal Pains... ...Suits... ...and White Collar. Miscellaneous References edit 11:53 • Barbie • Brain • Bushido • Christianity • Cúchulainn • Evolution • Gannon Car Rentals • Heart • Jason • Judaism • Kali • Origami • Product placement • RMO120 • Sexual assault • Suicide • Tokyo Swallows • Vodou Other References: References to Books and Authors • References to Comics • References to Films • References to Games • References to Heroes • References to Other Works • References to Television • References to People Retrieved from "https://heroeswiki.com/index.php?title=List_of_references_to_Heroes&oldid=480572" Article portals Content is available under Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 4.0 International unless otherwise noted. About Heroes Wiki	cc/2019-30/en_head_0039.json.gz/line787
__label__cc	0.570339	0.429661	Sydney College of Divinity The Sydney College of Divinity (SCD) began as a consortium of theological colleges in Sydney, established in 1983. Since 20 June, 1985, SCD has offered a range of programs including undergraduate Diploma of Theology and the BTh (Honours), and the postgraduate MDiv, MA, MTh, MA (Hons), MTh (Hons), ThD, PhD and the DMin. Accredited by the NSW Department of Education and Training... Christian Religion (Korean) UOW College UOW College has prepared students to achieve their goal of university entrance since 1988. Based in New South Wales, UOW is an educational institution that offers diplomas in information technology, business, and related fields., Via quality teaching and a supportive study environment, Wollongong College prepares students for university life, and improves their prospects for... Top Education Institute Based in Sydney, TOP Education Institute offers courses in accounting, marketing and related industries at various levels. TOP Education aims at equipping all its students with a comprehensive knowledge base in preparation for their careers or further postgraduate study. The Institute cultivates a sense of social responsibility and service to the global community by encouraging... BusinessLaw The New South Wales Institute of Psychiatry The New South Wales Institute of Psychiatry aims to improve the mental health and wellbeing of people in New South Wales and beyond through the provision and promotion of high-quality mental health education. Located in North Parramatta, New South Wales, the new South Wales Institute of Psychiatry offers courses such as the Graduate Diploma of Mental Health (Perinatal and Infant,... PsychologyPsychotherapy National Institute of Dramatic Art, NIDA Australia’s National Institute of Dramatic Art (NIDA), is synonymous with excellence in training for theatre, film and television. NIDA selects and trains exceptionally gifted young people at a tertiary level, preparing them for careers in theatre, film and television. Renowned for its acting courses, NIDA also offers great career prospects via unique and effective courses... The Institute of Internal Auditors-Australia The Institute of Internal Auditors Australia (IIA-Australia) represents internal auditors, and has over 7,000 members across Australia and the world. Located in Sydney, New South Wales, IIA-Australia also offers students the opportunity to complete a Graduate Certificate in Internal Auditing (GradCertIA). The Graduate Certificate in Internal Auditing is a fully-accredited, prestigious... Sydney Institute of Business and Technology Offering a pathway into Macquarie University’s undergraduate degrees, Sydney Institute of Business and Technology (SIBT) diploma courses are equivalent to the university’s first year bachelor degree. SIBT’s programs (foundation studies (pre-university) and university level diplomas) are unique in their approach to teaching. While simultaneously studying on campus at... S P Jain School of Global Management – Dubai, Mumbai, Singapore, Sydney With campuses in Sydney, Singapore, Mumbai and Dubai, SP Jain School of Global Management provides the opportunity to study business in an environment that provides up-to-date, relevant, practicable skills. Undergraduate courses offered include the Bachelor of Business Administration, Bachelor of Business Communication, and Bachelor of Economics. Postgraduate courses include... Raffles College of Design and Commerce A unique education provider based in Sydney, Raffles College of Design and Commerce (Raffles College Pty. Ltd.) specialises in design, visual communication and commerce, delivering higher education and vocational programs from Master’s degrees, Bachelor degrees, and certificate courses. Contributing a wealth of knowledge and experience, Raffles’ lecturers comprise professional... Design Commerce Newcastle International College (NIC) Newcastle International College (NIC) is located at the University of Newcastle’s Callaghan campus. NIC provides pathways to degrees at the University of Newcastle through the Foundation Program (FP), which can lead to over 60 undergraduate degrees. NIC Diploma programs are equivalent to the first year of a bachelor’s degree. Other programs on offer (besides the Foundation...	cc/2019-30/en_head_0039.json.gz/line788
__label__wiki	0.835987	0.835987	Free Speech and Temperance: Rosewater vs. Gougar Edward Rosewater. NSHS RG2411.PH0-4772-2 A wave of temperance feeling during the late 1880s (promoted by “dry” societies, churches, and the Prohibition Party) culminated in Nebraska in 1890 with a popular vote on a prohibition amendment to the state constitution. For many months leading up to the November election the prohibitionists sponsored pro-amendment lectures around the state, including a series by Helen M. Gougar, a prominent woman suffragist and temperance advocate from Indiana. During one of Gougar’s lectures in Tekamah, she clashed with Edward Rosewater, editor of the anti-amendment Omaha Bee. Gougar succeeded in having Rosewater arrested when he tried to answer her criticism of him, and the matter wound up in district court, which ultimately vindicated Rosewater. Helen M. Gougar The Bee said in its April 24, 1890, summary of the dispute and accompanying court cases: “About October 25 [1889] Mrs. Helen M. Gougar, the notorious temperance agitator, delivered an address in Lincoln, during the delivery of which she charged that THE BEE had been subsidized by the liquor dealers' association, and that the editor of THE BEE had connived with the liquor dealers to defeat the prohibition amendment and was paid $4,000 for his work.” Rosewater decided to go to Tekamah, where Mrs. Gougar was speaking on the evening of October 28, to compel her to publicly retract the accusation. When Rosewater entered the hall where Gougar was speaking, he listened for about thirty minutes and then walked to the center aisle and asked permission to interrupt the speaker with a question. Mrs. Gougar refused to allow it, and Rosewater was subsequently escorted from the hall by a deputy sheriff. Later that night he was arrested and jailed on the charge of disturbing a religious meeting. The next morning Rosewater was released, with a court date set for November 8, 1889, in Tekamah. Tekamah’s main street. NSHS RG3257-4-3 After a guilty verdict in the lower court, Rosewater immediately appealed the verdict to the district court. This time the outcome was different. The charge against the editor of the Bee, that of disturbing a religious meeting, was dismissed, because Burt County authorities were unable to prove that the Tekamah meeting during which Gougar and Rosewater had clashed, had been religious rather than political. Rosewater vented his feelings on April 25, 1890, on the editorial page of the Bee by denouncing the prosecution of him and hailing the district court decision as “a timely and merited rebuke to intolerance.” More information on the fight for prohibition in Nebraska in 1890 is available online in Nebraska History magazine, a benefit of membership in the Nebraska State Historical Society. Both full members and subscription-only members receive four issues yearly. – Patricia C. Gaster, Assistant Editor / Publications Edward Rosewater, Helen M. Gougar, Prohibition, Tekamah	cc/2019-30/en_head_0039.json.gz/line790
__label__wiki	0.751017	0.751017	Secrets of the Serial Set: Susan B. Anthony and Women’s Suffrage Exploring HeinOnline, Secrets of the Serial Set, U.S. Congressional Serial Set June 26, 2019 Tara Hutchinson This month, HeinOnline continues its Secrets of the Serial Set series with a consideration of Susan B. Anthony, her trial, and women’s suffrage in general. Secrets of the Serial Set is a new monthly blog series from HeinOnline dedicated to unveiling the wealth of American history found in the United States Congressional Serial Set. Join us each month to explore notable events in U.S. history with the primary sources themselves. Prepare to be blown away by what the Serial Set has to offer. ABOUT THE SERIAL SET The United States Congressional Serial Set is considered an essential publication for studying American history. Spanning more than two centuries with more than 17,000 bound volumes, the records in this series include House and Senate Documents, House and Senate Reports, and much more. Documents cover a wide variety of topics, including reports of executive departments and independent organizations, reports of special investigations made for Congress, and annual reports of non-governmental organizations. The Serial Set began publication in 1817 with the 15th Congress, 1st session. U.S. Congressional Documents prior to 1817 are published as the American State Papers. THE SERIAL SET IN HEINONLINE The Serial Set is an ongoing project in HeinOnline with the goal of adding approximately four million pages each year until the archive is completed. As of this month, more than 2.6 million pages and more than 3,300 volumes have been added since HeinOnline launched the Serial Set in October 2018. HeinOnline currently includes: Complete indexing of the more than 17,000 volumes of the Serial Set Full 40-year (1978-2018) content archive in HeinOnline’s image-based PDF format Complete coverage of the American State Papers 87% of the Serial Set available in HeinOnline or via links to HathiTrust Digital Library The Serial Set is included at no additional charge for subscribers of HeinOnline Academic, HeinOnline Core+, and HeinOnline’s U.S. Congressional Documents. Learn more about the Serial Set and how to contribute to the project by following the link below: U.S. CONGRESSIONAL SERIAL SET Susan B. Anthony and Women’s Suffrage EARLY LIFE AND ACTIVISM Born to a family of Quaker activists, Susan B. Anthony was raised among abolitionists, anti-slavery advocates, and proponents of women’s rights. After moving to Rochester, New York in 1845, the Anthony family became even more immersed in social reform, becoming a part of the local Quaker reform organization known as the Congregational Friends. The Anthony home soon grew to become a gathering place for local activists, including former slave and well-known abolitionist Frederick Douglass. Known today as a champion of women’s rights, Anthony showed little interest at first in the fight for women’s suffrage. Though the first women’s rights convention took place nearby in Seneca Falls, Anthony did not attend. Likewise, she did not attend the Rochester Women’s Rights Convention of 1848, held in her own hometown. After accepting a headmistress position for the female department of the Canajoharie Academy, Anthony became even more distanced from Quaker influences. She did voice her frustration at being paid much less than men, but had no interest in voting. It was not until she returned to her family’s farm in 1849 that Anthony found herself drawn toward equal rights reform. ENTRY INTO THE WOMEN’S SUFFRAGE MOVEMENT In 1851, Susan B. Anthony was introduced by a mutual friend to Elizabeth Cady Stanton, an already prominent women’s rights activist and an organizer of the first convention at Seneca Falls years earlier. As Anthony and Stanton grew closer, they utilized each other’s strengths to develop a partnership which became crucial to the eventual success of the women’s movement. Anthony, who despised writing, delivered speeches and distributed petitions created from the ideas and rhetoric of Stanton. Anthony entered the women’s rights movement as it began to gather momentum. However, the movement soon faded away with the explosion of the abolitionist movement and beginning of the Civil War. After the war, Anthony and Stanton attempted to revive the women’s rights movement by holding the Eleventh National Women’s Rights Convention in 1866. It was at this convention that Anthony proposed combining the two issues of African American and women’s suffrage. Following Anthony’s proposal, the convention voted to change its direction and name, re-establishing itself as the American Equal Rights Association (AERA). The transformation was met with resistance from many, including abolitionists themselves who requested that Anthony back down until black male suffrage had been achieved. In a controversial move, Susan B. Anthony subsequently campaigned against the proposed Fifteenth Amendment, which would allow African Americans to vote. She stood firmly by her position, arguing that if the amendment awarded all men—including those of other races—the right to vote, it would give constitutional authority to the misconception that men are superior to women. The move caused a bitter split in the women’s movement with Anthony and Stanton forming the National Woman Suffrage Association (NWSA) and notable activists Lucy Stone and Julia Ward Howe forming the competing American Woman Suffrage Association (AWSA). The opposing organizations would not merge again until 1890. While heading the National Woman Suffrage Association (NWSA), Susan B. Anthony committed herself entirely to the women’s suffrage movement and the new organization. By the late 1860s, the movement gradually began to yield results, with women’s suffrage granted in Wyoming in 1869 and in Utah in 1870. In 1871, a convention of the NWSA developed a new strategy, encouraging women to attempt to vote. After being denied, the women would then file federal lawsuits on the basis of the recently adopted Fourteenth Amendment which stated that “No State shall make or enforce any law which shall abridge the privileges or immunities of citizens of the United States.” ANTHONY’S ARREST AND TRIAL Emboldened by the new strategy of the NWSA, Susan B. Anthony and fourteen other women cast ballots in the 1872 election between President Ulysses S. Grant and Horace Greeley. On November 18th, Anthony was arrested and charged with illegally voting in the presidential election. Though the fourteen other women were also arrested, they were released on bail pending the results of Anthony’s trial. Anthony, however, refused to post bail. The resulting trial, fraught with controversy, garnered national attention and is viewed as a turning point for the women’s rights movement. The trial, United States v. Susan B. Anthony, began on June 17th, 1873. Numerous complications surrounded the trial, including that (1) Anthony was tried in federal courts, though accused of violating a state law, (2) presiding Justice Ward Hunt had never previously served as a trial judge, (3) Hunt presided alone, while standard practice necessitated two judges. Though Anthony asked for permission to testify on her own behalf, Justice Hunt denied her request, referring to a previously established rule of common law which prohibited criminal defendants from testifying in federal courts. Anthony was thus forbidden to speak until after the final verdict had been delivered. One of the largest controversies surrounding the trial occurred when Justice Hunt delivered his written opinion that Anthony was guilty and directed the jury to deliver a guilty verdict, denying her a trial by jury. On the third day of the trial, when Justice Hunt allowed Anthony to speak, she responded with a speech now renowned in the history of women’s suffrage. Though quickly ordered by Hunt to be silent and seated, Anthony protested the violation of her rights as a U.S. citizen and chastised the judge for denying her a trial by jury. She further stated that had he allowed her a trial by jury, he still would have violated her right to a trial by a jury of her peers due to the fact that women were forbidden from being jurors. Justice Hunt sentenced Susan B. Anthony to a fine of $100 as punishment for her charges. Anthony responded that she would not pay a dollar of the fine. Had she been taken into custody until the fine had been paid, Anthony would have been able to file a writ of habeas corpus and take her case to the Supreme Court. Instead, Justice Hunt effectively blocked any potential for legal recourse by announcing that Anthony would be released. Subsequent attempts to collect Anthony’s fine failed, and the fine was left unpaid. Anthony and Suffrage in the Serial Set In January of 1874, Susan B. Anthony petitioned Congress for a remission of the fine, claiming that the ruling from Justice Hunt had been unjust given that he denied her a trial by jury. View the petition in HeinOnline’s U.S. Congressional Serial Set and read Anthony’s own words describing the events of her trial. Navigate to the home page of the database and perform a basic full-text search for “Susan B. Anthony” AND “petition” AND “1874” to find the petition itself as the first result. Other results from the same search further illustrate the aftermath of the Susan B. Anthony trial and petition. Upon receiving Anthony’s petition, Justice Hunt’s ruling was debated by the House and Senate Judiciary Committees. View the House report on the petition here. Later, Congressman Benjamin Butler introduced a bill to remit Anthony’s fine, though it ultimately did not pass. Susan B. Anthony’s fight for woman suffrage did not end with her trial. In 1879, Anthony (along with Stanton and others) asked the Judiciary Committees to provide for an amendment to the Constitution protecting the rights of women citizens. View the memorial here. A year later, Anthony and others presented their arguments for women’s suffrage before the Judiciary Committee. Users can find these arguments, including those of Susan B. Anthony, in the Serial Set, too. In 1900, Anthony was succeeded as president of the National American Woman Suffrage Association by Carrie Chapman Catt. Catt revived the work of the NAWSA, redirecting the organization’s focus toward a federal amendment protecting women’s suffrage. In 1914, a constitutional amendment for women’s suffrage—nicknamed the “Susan B. Anthony Amendment”—was finally proposed and considered by the Senate. After numerous rejections, the “Anthony Amendment” was passed as the Nineteenth Amendment on May 21, 1919. Users can find the House Report and minority views on the proposal for a nineteenth amendment in the Serial Set, as well. Perform an Advanced Search from HeinOnline’s Serial Set home page by selecting the blue hyperlink under the main search bar. Change the drop-down boxes to search by keywords and year. In the Keyword search boxes, type “amendment” and “suffrage.” In the box next to Year, type “1919.” Select the Search button to view the amendment proposal as the first result. Help Us Complete the Project If your library holds all or part of the Serial Set, and you are willing to assist us in completing this project, please contact Shannon Hein at 716-882-2600 or shein@wshein.com. HeinOnline would like to give a special thanks to Wayne State University, University of Utah, and UC Hastings for their generous contributions which have resulted in the steady growth of HeinOnline’s U.S. Congressional Serial Set. We will continue to need help from the library community to complete this project. Download an Excel file listing the missing volumes of the Serial Set below: MISSING VOLUMES Check back next month to unveil another secret of the U.S. Congressional Serial Set with HeinOnline. While you wait, catch up on previous Secrets of the Serial Set here. For more great content, connect with us on our social media platforms: Facebook, Twitter, Instagram, and YouTube.	cc/2019-30/en_head_0039.json.gz/line791
__label__wiki	0.672088	0.672088	George Ezra would want Craig David as his lawyer if he was ever on trial The 'Budapest' hitmaker insisted the 38-year-old star has enough "charm" to handle any situation, and he admitted he would definitely turn to the '7 Days' singer if he was in a tight spot Speaking to Absolute Radio at the Isle of Wight Festival, he said: "I think Craig David could charm his way out of anything I would want him as my defence lawyer. "A lot of people are getting into mindfulness and meditation - one hour with that man is worth a month of any of that. He's an extremely calm man, yeah I think I would go for Craig David." George, 26, was also asked whether he'd choose Rag'n'Bone Man or Lily Allen if he had a dead body in his car, and he suggested the 'Smile' singer would be a better choice. He added: "I have only spent an hour or so with Lily but she seemed very cool and a calm head in that situation. I'm not saying she's got previous with this kind of situation but it seems like she wouldn't flap. "I'm not saying that Rag 'n' Bone would but I can' imagine me and Rory kinda looking at each other like, 'I don't know!' " Meanwhile, George was forced to sit down for his main stage set at the festival on Saturday (15.06.19) after he injured his ankle the day before his performance. He joked: "Yeah it's about as rock and roll as you'd expect from George Ezra. I went for a jog yesterday morning and rolled my ankle and fell over. "Instantly I knew that something was wrong - you know when you go down you go: 'that hurts a lot,' in fact my thought process was: 'that hurts a lot, oh it's the Isle of Wight tomorrow.' "	cc/2019-30/en_head_0039.json.gz/line793
__label__cc	0.701479	0.298521	List of Thriller Movies starting with F List of Thriller movies starting with letter F - Thriller Movies List 41). Final Destination 3 (2006) When Wendy Christensen has a vision of an accident on the roller coaster, resulting in her and her friends' deaths,… 42). Final Destination 5 3D (2011) In this latest installment to the horror franchise, Sam and his friends manages to escape a ill-fated bridge, thanks to… 43). Final Draft (2007) 44). Final Exam (1981) In a small college in North Carolina, only a select few students are left to take mid terms. But, when… 45). Final Fantasy VII: Advent Children (2005) Two years after the events in "Final Fantasy VII", a disease called 'Seikon-Shoukougun', or 'Geostigma', is spreading through the planet.… 46). Final Girl (2015) A cute, shy, young girl is new to town, and looks to be the perfect, easily-duped target for a group… 47). Final: The Rapture (2013) Breathtaking, gripping, layered, and astonishing, FINAL is a gritty, international tale of four separate stories woven together by a common… 48). Fingerprints (2006) Haunted railroad tracks lead a troubled teenager to discover the horrifying truth hidden in a small Texas town. 49). Fire City: End of Days (2015) Vine, a disillusioned demon, secretly lives with others of his kind in the world of humans sustained by their misery.… 50). Fire Twister (2015) When ex-firefighter Scott Nylander and a group of ecologists approach a silo filled with oil to hang a banner with… 51). Firestarter (1984) Andrew and Vicky McGee met while earning money as guinea pigs for an experiment at college. The experiment was shrouded… 52). First Born (2007) Laura's expecting. Her husband, Steven's a loving guy but has little time for her. Her mom lives thousands of miles… 53). First Kill (2017) In an attempt to reconnect with his son Danny, successful Wall Street broker Will takes his family on a vacation… 54). First Reformed (2017) Forty-six year old Reverend Ernst Toller is the pastor at the historic First Reformed Church in upstate New York. It… 55). Flatliners (2017) A medical student, Courtney, is obsessed with the idea of the afterlife, wanting to find out what happens after death.… Medical students begin to explore the realm of near death experiences, hoping for insights. Each has their heart stopped and… 57). Flay (2019) 58). Flowers in the Attic (1987) After the death of her husband, a mother takes her kids off to live with their grandparents in a huge,… 59). Flu (2013) The worst epidemic ever seen is sweeping through Bundang, the suburb of Seoul. After smuggling illegal immigrants into the country,… 60). Followers (2017) A social media couple's camping trip is ruined by filmmakers making a documentary on how easy it is to track…	cc/2019-30/en_head_0039.json.gz/line798
__label__cc	0.555374	0.444626	In accordance with Spanish regulations governing the use of cookies in relation to the Provision of Electronic Communications Services, set out in the Spanish Royal Decree-Law 13/2012 of March 30, we inform you about the cookies used on the website ofIG Empowering People, Business & Communities SLU (also the provider or Isra Garcia) and the reason for its use. Likewise, this informs you that by browsing the Website, you are giving your consent to use them. A cookie is a file that is downloaded to your computer when you access individual web pages. Cookies allow a web page, among other things, to store and retrieve information about the browsing habits of a user or their equipment and, depending on the information they contain and the way they use their equipment, they can be used to recognize to user. Cookies are only associated with an anonymous user and their computer or device and do not provide references that allow accessing their data. Cookies affected by regulations and exempt cookies In accordance to EU directive, cookies that require informed consent by the user are analytical cookies and advertising and affiliation cookies, except those of a technical nature and those necessary for the operation of the website or the provision of services expressly demanded by the user. a) Depending on the entity that manages them, there are innate Cookies (those that are sent to the user’s terminal equipment from a computer or domain managed by the publisher itself and from which the service requested by the user is provided). And from third parties (the that are sent to the user’s terminal equipment from a computer or domain that is not managed by the editor, but by another entity that processes the data obtained through cookies). b) Depending on the time they remain active, there are session cookies (designed to collect and store data while the user accesses a web page). And persistent cookies (in which the data is stored in the terminal and can be accessed and processed during a period defined by the person in charge of cookies (lasting from a few minutes to several years). c) Depending on the purpose for which they manage the information they collect, they can be: – Technical cookies (necessary for the use of the website and the provisions of the contracted service) – Personalization cookies (that allows the user to access the service with predefined features, such as language, browser type, regional configuration, etc.) – Analysis cookies (information collected on the use made on the website) – Advertising cookies (they collect information about preferences and personal choices of Users) – Affiliate cookies (allows you to track visits from other websites, with which the website establishes an affiliation contract) The cookies used on our website are session and third-party cookies, and allow us to store and access information related to the language, the type of browser used, and other general characteristics predefined by the User, as well as tracking and analyzing the activity carried out to improve and provide our services in a more efficient and personalized way. The cookies used have, in any case, a temporary nature, with the sole purpose of making browsing more efficient. In no case do these cookies provide by themselves personal data and are not used for the collection of data above. facilitating user navigation and access to the different services provided by this website avoids the user having to configure the predefined general characteristics each time he accesses the website granting improvements of the functions and of the services offered through this website, resulting from the corresponding analysis of the information obtained through the installed cookies When accessing our site you are informed that if you continue browsing, several third-party cookies will be installed, thus allowing the installation of certain cookies that will have the sole purpose of registering access to our website for the compilation of anonymous statistics about visits, always Collecting information anonymously. It is not mandatory to accept the installation of these cookies; you can browse through our website regardless. In various sections of our website, you can install social network cookies, precisely the following: Twitter cookies, according to the provisions of its privacy policy and the use of cookies. Facebook cookies, according to the provisions of its cookies policy. LinkedIn cookies, according to the provisions of its page on the use of cookies. Google+ cookies and Google Maps cookies, according to the provisions on their page about what kind of cookies they use. At any time you can access the configuration of your browser regulating the acceptance or rejection of all cookies, or only select those which installation is admitted, following one of the following procedures, which depends on the browser you use: Google Chrome (in the Tools Menu): Configuración > Advanced options > Privacy (Content configuration) (in the Tools Menu): https://support.google.com/chrome/answer/95647?co=GENIE.Platform%3DDesktop&hl=es Internet Explorer (in the Tools Menu): Internet Options> Privacy> Advanced: Firefox: Options> Privacy> Cookies: Safari, iPad y iPhone: Preferences> Privacy: https://support.apple.com/es-es/guide/safari/sfri11471/mac Settings> Options> Advanced> Cookies: https://blogs.opera.com/news/2015/08/how-to-manage-cookies-in-opera/ These browsers are subject to updates or modifications, so we can not guarantee that they comply fully with your browser version. It may also be that you use another browser not included in these links such as Konqueror, Arora, Flock, etc. To avoid these mismatches, you can access the Cookies configuration directly from the options of your browser, usually in the “Options” menu in the “Privacy” section. (Please see the help of your browser for more information). To restrict or block cookies, it can usually be modified through browser settings. If you do not want websites to place any cookies on your computer, you can adapt your browser settings so that you are notified before any cookies are placed. Similarly, you can adapt the configuration so that the browser rejects either all cookies or only third-party cookies. You can also delete any of the cookies that are already on the computer. Keep in mind that you will have to adapt the configuration of each browser and equipment you use separately. Please note that if you choose not to receive cookies, we can no longer guarantee that our website will work properly. Some site features may be lost, and you may no longer be able to see certain websites. Also, rejecting cookies does not mean that you are not going to see advertisements. The ads will not fit your interests and will be repeated more frequently. Each browser has a different method to adapt to cookies configurations. If necessary, consult the browser’s help function to establish the correct settings. To disable cookies on your mobile phone, check the device manual for more information. You can get more information about cookies on the following Internet website: http://www.aboutcookies.org/. Taking into account how the Internet and websites work, we do not always have information on the cookies placed by third parties through our website. This especially applies to cases in which our website contains what are commonly called integrated elements: texts, documents, images, or short films that are stored elsewhere but are displayed on our website or through it. Therefore, if you encounter this type of cookies on this website and which are not listed in the above list, please inform us. Or contact the third party directly to request information about the cookies you place, the purpose, and duration of the cookie, and how your privacy has been guaranteed.	cc/2019-30/en_head_0039.json.gz/line799

Subsets and Splits

No community queries yet

The top public SQL queries from the community will appear here once available.