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Juvenile Justice Funding Tends
June 26, 2017 – January 5, 2021 R44879
Although juvenile justice has always been administered by the states, the federal government has
played a role in this area through the administration of grant programs. Congress has influenced
Emily J. Hanson
juvenile justice by authorizing and funding grant programs administered by the Department of
Analyst in Social Policy
Justice’s (DOJ’s) Office of Juvenile Justice and Delinquency Prevention (OJJDP).
Kristin Finklea
The Juvenile Justice and Delinquency Prevention Act (JJDPA ; P.L. 93-415), enacted in 1974,
Specialist in Domestic
was the first comprehensive juvenile justice legislation passed by Congress. The JJDPA
authorized a series of grant programs designed to support state juvenile justice systems and
prevent juvenile delinquency. Since its enactment, the JJDPA has undergone several key
amendments, including a significant reorganization in 2002 (by the 21st Century Department of
Justice Appropriations Authorization Act; P.L. 107-273). Its grant programs were most recently
amended and reauthorized by the Juvenile Justice Reform Act of 2018 (P.L. 115-385).
Funding for programs authorized by the JJDPA, as well as for other non -JJDPA grant programs that are administered by
OJJDP, is provided through the Juvenile Justice Programs account in the annual Commerce, Justice, Science, and Related
Agencies appropriations act. After the restructuring of juvenile justice grant programs in 2002, total funding for these
programs began to decline. This decline generally continued through FY2007, after which funding for these programs started
to increase. For FY2010, Congress provided $424 million for juvenile justice programs—the largest appropriation since
FY2003. Juvenile justice funding then generally declined again from FY2010 through FY2017. After appropriating a low of
$247 million for juvenile justice programs in FY2017, Congress increased juvenile justice funding annually from FY2018
through FY2021. The Consolidated Appropriations Act, 2021(P.L. 116-260), provided $346 million for juvenile justice
programs for FY2021—the largest appropriation since the $424 million in FY2010.
Congressional Research Service
link to page 4 link to page 4 link to page 5 link to page 5 link to page 5 link to page 6 link to page 6 link to page 7 link to page 6 link to page 9 link to page 12 Juvenile Justice Funding Tends
Juvenile Justice Legislation and Grant Programs .................................................................. 1
State Formula Grant Program ...................................................................................... 1
Title V Incentive Youth Promise Grants for Local Delinquency Prevention ......................... 2
Victims of Child Abuse Act Grants ............................................................................... 2
Juvenile Mentoring Program ....................................................................................... 2
Juvenile Accountability Block Grants ........................................................................... 3
Juvenile Justice Appropriations ......................................................................................... 3
Historical Appropriations by Program ........................................................................... 4
Figure 1. Total Juvenile Justice Programs Appropriations, FY2002-FY2021............................. 3
Table 1. Juvenile Justice Appropriations by Program, FY2012-FY2021 ................................... 6
Author Information ......................................................................................................... 9
link to page 9 Juvenile Justice Funding Tends
he federal government has no juvenile justice system of its own. Rather, juvenile justice is
administered by the states. The federal government, though, seeks to influence states’
T juvenile justice systems through the administration of grant programs and the provision of
funds.1
This report provides a brief overview of funding for the juvenile justice-related grant programs
administered by the Department of Justice’s (DOJ’s) Office of Juvenile Justice and Delinquency
Prevention (OJJDP).
Juvenile Justice Legislation and Grant Programs
A number of federal y funded juvenile justice grant programs are authorized by the Juvenile
Justice and Delinquency Prevention Act of 1974 (JJDPA, P.L. 93-415). Since its enactment, the
JJDPA has been revised by several key amendments, including a significant reorganization in
2002 (by the 21st Century Department of Justice Appropriations Authorization Act; P.L. 107-273).
Its grant programs were most recently amended and reauthorized by the Juvenile Justice Reform
Act of 2018 (P.L. 115-385).
The JJDPA as original y enacted had three main components: (1) it established OJJDP to
coordinate and administer federal juvenile justice efforts; (2) it created grant programs to assist
states with their juvenile justice systems; and (3) it promulgated core mandates to which states
must adhere in order to be eligible for certain grant funding. Although the JJDPA has been
amended several times over the past 40 years, it continues to feature these three components.
The JJDPA has been the primary channel through which the federal government has provided
juvenile justice funding to states. However, other programs also administered by OJJDP have
contributed to overal federal juvenile justice funding.
The following section outlines various juvenile justice grant programs, including those authorized
by the JJDPA. Grants noted in this section have been congressional y authorized at some point in
time and have received an appropriation at least once since FY2012. Congress has also provided
appropriations for programs that it has not authorized; these programs are not discussed in this
section, but they are included in Table 1, which outlines funding for juvenile justice programs
since FY2012.
State Formula Grant Program
The JJDPA authorizes OJJDP to make formula grants to states for the planning, establishment,
operation, coordination, and evaluation of projects that develop more effective juvenile
delinquency programs and improve juvenile justice systems.2 Funds are al ocated annual y based
on each state’s proportion of people under the age of 18. States must adhere to certain core
mandates to receive their funding.3 The Juvenile Justice Reform Act of 2018 (P.L. 115-385)
amended and reauthorized this program through FY2023.
1 For more information on the legislative history of juvenile justice and details on the grant programs outlined in this
report, refer to CRS Report RL33947, Juvenile Justice: Legislative History and Current Legislative Issues.
2 34 U.S.C. §11131.
3 T here are four core mandates with which—unless for specified exceptions—states must generally comply: states must
keep status offenders (such as truants) out of secure detention or correctional facilities; states cannot detain or confine
juveniles in facilities in which they would have contact with adult inmates; juveniles cannot be detained or confined in
any jail or lockup for adults; and states must show that they are working to address racial and ethnic disparities within
Title V Incentive Youth Promise Grants for Local Delinquency
The JJDPA authorizes OJJDP to make grants to states, which are then transmitted through
subgrants to units of local government (or nonprofits in partnership with units of local
government) for delinquency prevention programs for juveniles who have come into contact with,
or are at risk to come into contact with, the juvenile justice system.4 The Juvenile Justice Reform
Act of 2018 (P.L. 115-385) amended and reauthorized this program through FY2023. The JJDPA
also authorizes OJJDP to make grants to eligible Indian tribes to support delinquency prevention
programs for at-risk youth or those who have come into contact with the juvenile justice system.
Traditional y, Congress dedicates amounts from the total appropriation for the Title V program for
specific programs and purposes areas (e.g., the Tribal Youth program or preventing gang
violence).
Victims of Child Abuse Act Grants
Subtitle A of the Victims of Child Abuse Act of 1990 authorizes support for regional and local
Children’s Advocacy Centers (CACs), including state chapters, and for related training and
technical assistance. Subtitle C of that act authorizes training of judicial personnel to improve
handling of child abuse and neglect proceedings (Title II of the Crime Control Act of 1990, P.L.
101-647). OJJDP is authorized to fund various grants related to each of these activities.5 The
CAC program was most recently reauthorized (through FY2023) via the Victims of Child Abuse
Act Reauthorization Act of 2018 (P.L. 115-424). The training for judicial personnel program was
most recently reauthorized in the Violence Against Women Act Reauthorization Act of 2013 (P.L.
113-4). Its authorization of appropriations expired in FY2018, but it has continued to receive
funding.
Juvenile Mentoring Program
The Juvenile Mentoring Program was authorized by the Incentive Grants for Local Delinquency
Prevention Programs Act (P.L. 102-586). Grants under this program are awarded to local
educational agencies (in partnership with public or private agencies) to establish and support
mentoring programs to reduce delinquent behavior, improve scholastic performance, and reduce
school dropouts.6 The program has continued to receive appropriations even though its
authorization was repealed (P.L. 107-273).
their juvenile justice systems.
5 For Subtitle A, see 34 U.S.C. §§20301-20307; for Subtitle C, see 34 U.S.C. §§20331-20334; Subtitle B of the Victims
of Child Abuse Act (34 U.S.C §§ 20321-20324) authorizes funding related to Court Appointed Special Advocates
(CASAs), including technical assistance. T his funding is appropriated under the State and Local Law Enforcement
account but is nonetheless administered by OJJDP. For more information on Victims of Child Abuse Act programs, see
CRS Report R43458, Child Welfare: An Overview of Federal Program s and Their Current Funding .
6 For more information on the Juvenile Mentoring Program and youth mentoring, see CRS Report RL34306,
Vulnerable Youth: Federal Mentoring Program s and Issues.
link to page 6
Juvenile Accountability Block Grants
Congress initial y established the Juvenile Accountability Block Grant (JABG) program by
appropriating funding for it in the FY1998 Department of Justice Appropriations Act (P.L. 105-
119). Congress subsequently authorized the JABG program through P.L. 107-273.7 Although the
authorization for the JABG program is not a part of the JJDPA, it nevertheless is administered by
OJJDP. The JABG program authorizes the Attorney General to make grants to states and units of
local government to strengthen their juvenile justice systems, including holding juveniles
accountable for their actions.8 Authorization for this program expired in FY2009, but Congress
continued to provide appropriations through FY2013.
Juvenile Justice Appropriations
Congress appropriates funding for programs authorized by the JJDPA as wel as for other non-
JJDPA grant programs through the Juvenile Justice Programs account in the annual Commerce,
Justice, Science, and Related Agencies Appropriations Act. Figure 1 shows total appropriations
for juvenile justice programs from FY2002 through FY2021.
Figure 1. Total Juvenile Justice Programs Appropriations, FY2002-FY2021
(dol ars in mil ions)
Sources: FY2002 enacted taken from H.Rept. 107-278. FY2003 enacted taken from H.Rept. 108-10. FY2004
enacted taken from H.Rept. 108-401. FY2005 enacted taken from H.Rept. 108-792. FY2006 enacted taken from
H.Rept. 109-272. FY2007 appropriation is based on FY2006 enacted minus a 1.28% rescission, as per P.L. 110-5.
FY2008 enacted taken from P.L. 110-161. FY2009 enacted taken from P.L. 111-8. FY2010 enacted taken from
P.L. 111-117. FY2011 enacted based on a CRS analysis of the text of P.L. 112-10. FY2012 enacted taken from P.L.
112-55. FY2013 amount provided by the U.S. Department of Justice. FY2014 enacted taken from P.L. 113-76.
FY2015 enacted taken from P.L. 113-235. FY2016 enacted taken from P.L. 114-113. FY2017 enacted taken from
7 T he Juvenile Accountability Block Grant (JABG) program was codified within the Omnibus Crime Control and Safe
Streets Act of 1968 (34 U.S.C. §10401).
8 T he one core mandate of the JABG program is that states must begin to implement a system of graduated sanctions to
be eligible for funding.
P.L. 115-31. FY2018 enacted taken from P.L. 115-141. FY2019 enacted taken from P.L. 116-6. FY2020 enacted
taken from P.L. 116-93. FY2021 enacted taken from P.L. 116-260.
Notes: Numbers are rounded. Amounts are in nominal dol ars. The amounts include al rescissions of current
year budget authority. The FY2013 funding level also reflects sequestration pursuant to the Budget Control Act
of 2011 (P.L. 112-25). JJDPA = Juvenile Justice and Delinquency Prevention Act (P.L. 93-415).
Overal funding for juvenile justice programs, which had typical y been above $500 mil ion,
peaked at $565 mil ion in FY2002. From FY2002 to FY2007, however, overal funding fel by
38% to $348 mil ion. The majority of this reduction came from cuts to the JABG program.
Appropriations for JABG fel from a high of $250 mil ion in FY2002 to $49 mil ion in FY2007.
From FY2007 to FY2010, total funding for juvenile justice programs increased by almost 22% to
$424 mil ion, with funding for JJDPA programs increasing by 27% to $331 mil ion over this same
period. This was the largest juvenile justice appropriation since FY2003.
Funding for juvenile justice programs again began to decline in FY2011, and that decline
general y continued through FY2017. From FY2010 to FY2017, total funding for juvenile justice
programs decreased by nearly 42%, from $424 mil ion to $247 mil ion. Contributing to this drop,
Congress eliminated funding for the Chal enge Grants9 in FY2011 and for the JABG program in
FY2014. During this time period, however, Congress also started appropriating funding for
programs that had not previously been funded under the Juvenile Justice Programs account
(including funding for missing and exploited children programs, child abuse training programs
for judicial personnel and practitioners, and grants and technical assistance in support of a
National Forum on Youth Violence Prevention).
After appropriating a low of $247 mil ion for juvenile justice programs in FY2017, Congress
increased juvenile funding annual y from FY2018 through FY2021. Congress increased funding
for juvenile justice programs to nearly $283 mil ion for FY2018, and it included funds for a new
Opioid Affected Youth Initiative. Congress again increased juvenile justice program funding to
$287 mil ion in FY2019, and it set aside money for an initiative serving children exposed to
violence.10 Congress then increased funding for juvenile justice programs to $320 mil ion for
FY2020 and included a new set-aside from the Title V Incentive Grants for Local Delinquency
Prevention for grants to prevent trafficking of girls. Congress most recently appropriated $346
mil ion for juvenile justice programs for FY2021—the largest appropriation since the $424
mil ion in FY2010.
Historical Appropriations by Program
Table 1 provides a breakdown of funding for the Juvenile Justice Programs account by program
for the 10-year period from FY2012 to FY2021.
Appropriations for specific programs in the Juvenile Justice Programs account can vary from year
to year. For example, starting in FY2012, Congress moved funding for missing and exploited
children programs from the Justice Assistance account to the Juvenile Justice Programs account.
In addition, Congress sometimes provides funding for programs as a specific line item in the
Juvenile Justice Programs account, but in other years funding for those programs is provided as a
set-aside from another program in the account. For example, the Community Based Violence
Prevention Initiative and the Competitive Grants Focusing on Girls in the Juvenile Justice System
9 T he Challenge Grants program authorized OJJDP to make discretionary grants to state, local, and tribal governments
and private entities to carry out programs to develop, test, or demonstrate promising new initiatives that may prevent,
control, or reduce juvenile delinquency. T he program last received appropriations in FY2010.
10 Funding for this purpose was previously provided under the State and Local Law Enforcement Assistance Account
from FY2012–FY2016.
Program have received line item appropriations in some fiscal years and have been funded by set-
asides from the Title V Incentive Grants Program in other years. By contrast, some programs,
when funded, have consistently been funded through set-asides from the Title V program (e.g.,
the tribal youth program and grants focused on girls in the juvenile justice system).
link to page 10
Table 1. Juvenile Justice Appropriations by Program, FY2012-FY2021
FY2013a
FY2016 FY2017 FY2018
State Formula Grants
Juvenile Mentoring Program Grant
Title V Incentive Grants for Local
Delinquency Prevention
Community Gang Prevention
Tribal Youth Program
Enforcing Underage Drinking Laws
Juvenile Justice and Education
Col aboration Assistance
Community-Based Violence
Prevention Initiative
National Forum on Youth Violence
Children of Incarcerated Parents
Competitive Grants Focusing on
Girls in the Juvenile Justice System
Opioid Affected Youth Initiative
Children Exposed to Violence
Prevention of Trafficking of Girls
CRS-6
link to page 10 link to page 10 link to page 10 link to page 10 link to page 10 link to page 11 link to page 11 link to page 11 link to page 11 link to page 11 link to page 11 link to page 11 link to page 11 link to page 11 link to page 11 link to page 11 link to page 11 link to page 11
Juvenile Accountability Block Grant
Victims of Child Abuse Act
Child Abuse Training
Improving Indigent Defense
Total Juvenile Justice
Sources: FY2011 enacted based on a CRS analysis of the text of P.L. 112-10. FY2012 enacted taken from P.L. 112-55. FY2013 amount provided by the U.S. Department
of Justice (DOJ). FY2014 enacted taken from P.L. 113-76. FY2015 enacted taken from P.L. 113-235. FY2016 enacted taken from P.L. 114-113. FY2017 enacted taken from
P.L. 115-31. FY2018 enacted taken from P.L. 115-141. FY2019 enacted taken from P.L. 116-6. FY2020 enacted taken from P.L. 116-93. FY2021 enacted taken from P.L.
Notes: Numbers in parentheses are nonadds that have been set aside from other grant programs. Amounts may not add to totals due to rounding. Amounts are in
nominal dol ars.
a. The FY2013 amounts reflect rescissions of discretionary budget authority provided in P.L. 113-6 as specified in §3001 of the act. Per §3001, a rescission of 1.877%
was applied to appropriations for discretionary nonsecurity (as defined at 2 U.S.C. §900(c)(4)(A)) accounts, including juvenile justice. The post-rescission amounts
also include an additional rescission, as calculated by the Office of Management and Budget per §3004 of the act, of 0.2% for discretionary nonsecurity accounts. In
addition, the FY2013 funding levels reflect reductions that resulted from the sequestration ordered by President Obama on March 1, 2013, pursuant to the Budget
Control Act of 2011 (P.L. 112-25).
b. For FY2015, FY2017, and FY2018, funding for the Community-Based Violence Prevention Initiative was appropriated as set-aside funding from the Title V Incentive
c. Funding for missing and exploited children programs previously was provided under the Justice Assistance account (now the Research, Evaluation, and Statistics
account).
d. Funding for child abuse training programs for judicial personnel and practitioners previously was provided under the State and Local Law Enforcement Assistance
e. For FY2015, funding for the National Forum on Youth Violence Prevention was appropriated as set-aside funding from the Title V Incentive Grants.
For FY2016-FY2021 funding for the Competitive Grants Focusing on Girls in the Juvenile Justice System and the Children of Incarcerated Parents Web Portal was
appropriated as set-aside funding from the Title V Incentive Grants.
Specialist in Domestic Security
This document was prepared by the Congressional Research Service (CRS). CRS serves as nonpartisan
shared staff to congressional committees and Members of Congress. It operates solely at the behest of and
under the direction of Congress. Information in a CRS Report should n ot be relied upon for purposes other
than public understanding of information that has been provided by CRS to Members of Congress in
connection with CRS’s institutional role. CRS Reports, as a work of the United States Government, are not
subject to copyright protection in the United States. Any CRS Report may be reproduced and distributed in
its entirety without permission from CRS. However, as a CRS Report may include copyrighted images or
material from a third party, you may need to obtain the permission of the copyright holder if you wish to
copy or otherwise use copyrighted material.
R44879 · VERSION 10 · UPDATED
Domestic Social Policy
Source: CRSReports.Congress.gov, EveryCRSReport.com
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Our guide was written by Jesse Green.
Tokyo is one of the safest cities in the world, which means that residing here with children is rarely ever a worry. The city itself is fairly “child-friendly” thanks to one of the most extensive and efficient public transportation systems in t he world which makes accessing the numerous attractions and activities both inside and outside the city easy to do. While there are a variety of family and family-friendly restaurants scattered across the city, the more upmarket restaurants are less receptive to having children dine at their tables. And while babysitting services are not plentiful, they do exist and can provide parents with a much needed break from the youngsters. On the education front, there are a variety of pre-school; kindergarten; and elementary, middle, and high school options that operate at international standards.
There are plenty of family-friendly activities available to children of all ages within Tokyo. Tokyo Disneyland and Disney Sea (http://www.tokyodisneyresort.co.jp/index_e.html) are two very popular choices with families of all ages and the Toshimaen (http://www.toshimaen.co.jp/index.html) Water and Amusement Park also has captured wide interest, particularly during the summer months. Kodomo No Shiro (National Children’s Castle) combines education and amusement all under one roof in central Tokyo. More information on Kodomo No Shiro can be found at: http://www.kodomono-shiro.or.jp/english/. Kidzania (http://www.kidzania.jp/tokyo/pavilion/english.html) is one of the most popular attractions for Japanese and foreign children alike, offering kids the opportunity to “try” dozens of jobs ranging from working at an airline, courthouse, or hospital to a fire department, department store, culinary studio, or TV station – there is something for everyone’s tastes here.
Two great activity resources include Tokyo Families Magazine (http://www.tokyofamilies.com/), Metropolis Magazine (http://metropolis.co.jp), and Japan With Kids (http://www.tokyowithkids.com/).
01 Foreigners intending to stay in Japan for longer than 90 days are legally obligated to register with their local municipal office.
02 Taking Japanese and cultural classes will greatly help in boosting confidence and will give you a greater sense of appreciation for Japanese.
03 Understanding Tokyo’s transportation system is one of the keys to a happy life in the city. Some command of how to get around will ensure indepe
04 Explore Shibuya, Harajuku, and Omotesando to see 3 neighboring districts, each with their own demographic.
05 Let Tokyo’s food be the fastest way to your heart and you’ll never look at food from your home country the same way again.
http://www.tokyowithkids.com
An online community for English-speaking parents in Japan.
http:// www.overseas.co.jp
A Tokyo real estate company assisting expatriates in finding housing.
http://www.asahi.com
A joint news website by the International Herald Tribune and Japan’s Asahi Shimbun newspaper.
http://www.gnavi.co.jp/en/
GuruNavi is a fantastic online restaurant listing service.
http://www.borderless-house.com
Website advertising shared houses, flats or guest house type accommodation in Tokyo.
The Greater Tokyo area has a population of over 33 million; making one of the most densely populated urban areas in the world with a population density of circa. 5796 per sq km.
Baby-sitters
Health risks and vaccinations
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Windows Phone apps are disappearing from the platform — can Windows 10 turn it around?
By Ryan Whitwam on October 23, 2015 at 3:12 pm
Microsoft has struggled to make Windows Phone a viable competitor in the mobile ecosystem for more than five years now. There have been some good devices running Windows Phone, but the lack of apps has been a constant pain point that has limited adoption. On the cusp of Windows 10 coming to smartphones, Microsoft is dealing with a new problem, and it might be entirely their own doing. Developers that have previously been maintaining Windows Phone apps are losing interest, and in some cases dropping support altogether.
The latest developer to pull out of Windows Phone is the financial manager service Mint. The users of the Windows Phone app are not pleased in the least, but Mint’s position is that development resources are not infinite, and it already has Web, Android, and iOS versions to maintain. Windows Phone apparently isn’t worth the effort. This follows the end of support for apps by Pinterest, Bank of America, Kabam, and more.
Microsoft can’t blame all of this on the dominance of Android or the negative portrayal of Windows Phone in the media. Microsoft itself has often not shown Windows Phone the kind of love it should have. Implementations of Skype and Office are better on competing platforms than they are on Windows Phone, and Microsoft has removed many Lumia photography apps from the store as well. You can’t blame third-party developers for wanting to bail when Microsoft seems more interested in supporting iPad Office users than users of Windows Phone.
There’s a chance Microsoft could turn things around with Windows 10 on phones. This will be the first universal Microsoft OS that can share apps between desktop and mobile with very little legwork for developers. And there are a lot of Windows PCs out there, many of which are eligible for a free Windows 10 upgrade. That might keep developers on-board with Windows Phone if they can easily support computers and phones with the same code.
Windows 10 will also support a method for getting Android and iOS apps running on Windows. This is a good move for Microsoft, but it’s probably also the mobile platform’s only hope. It’s not ideal either. Developers will probably port apps to Windows 10 because it’s easy, but they won’t look or work like Windows apps — they’ll work like Android and iOS apps. By making this an option, Microsoft is encouraging developers like Mint to refocus their efforts on native apps for other platforms knowing they can also port those apps to Windows 10 on phones later. Maybe it won’t work perfectly, but it’s not like there are very many Windows Phone users to complain (sorry).
Windows 10 is giving developers every possible opportunity to be part of the ecosystem, even if that won’t always offer the best experience for users. At least they’ll have an experience, right? Windows 10 is expected to start appearing on existing phones in December. After five years of Windows Phone, this might be Microsoft’s last chance.
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Home » Towns » Sherman
Candlewood Lake – Sherman Beach & Ramp
Welcome to SHERMAN…
Sherman is the northernmost and least populated town of Fairfield County, Connecticut. The town has a total area of 23.4 square miles. The population is approximately 3800. Sherman has been named “Best Small Town in Connecticut” three times by Connecticut Magazine. The Appalachian Trail goes through the northern end of Sherman. Part of Squantz Pond State park is in the town.
There is one public school in Sherman, the Sherman School. Its enrollment is about 500 students from pre-school to grade 8. There is no high school that Sherman; students instead are given a choice of six high schools that Sherman pays for to attend (New Milford High School, New Fairfield High School, Brookfield High School, Henry Abbot Tech, Shepaug Valley High School and Nonnewaug High School.
Sherman is the location of the “Naromiyocknowhusunkatankshunk Brook”, in the north end of town near the New Milford border. The Indian name means “water flowing from the hills”. The Naromi Land Trust in Sherman derived its name from this brook.
Candlewood Lake, the largest man-made lake in Connecticut, stretches from Danbury in the south, north to Sherman at the park – Veterans’ Field.
Sherman is approximately 1 hour and 30 minutes from Manhattan.
www.townofshermanct.org
Sherman Town Hall Sherman Volunteer Fire Department
Resident State Trooper TheOldStore
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The first distinct organization by the women of the church was accomplished by a call for the ladies to meet at the residence of Alvah Covey, July 9, 1857. A society was organized by electing Mrs. Almon Virgil, president, Mrs. S. A. Lincoln, vice president, Mrs. Ross and Mrs. Norman Gifford, secretaries, Mrs. Holley Mann, treasurer, Mrs. Alvah Covey, Mrs. Lewis Allen and Mrs. H. Henderson, Directresses. By vote the organization was named rdquo;The Ladies’ Mite Society.rdquo; The following resolutions were adopted: “ A plain supper shall be served consisting of tea, biscuit or bread and butter, one kind of cake, cheese, beef or pickles. The society shall meet once in two weeks, its avails to be applied to refurnishing the church.rdquo; Six meetings were held the first year, and at irregular periods for several years until the society lapsed into obscurity during the years of the Civil War.
A re-organization was effected December 6, 1866, at the residence of the pastor, Rev. E. J. Foote, and the following officers were elected: Mrs. E. J. Foote, president, Mrs. George Flower, vice president, Miss Emma Covey, treasurer, and Miss Adeline Dyer, secretary. A part of the former resolutions were adopted with these added: “Annual membership to be secured by the payment of twenty-five cents. Money raised to be applied to such objects as the society shall designate.rdquo;
The names follow of those who have been presidents of the society, later called the Ladies’ Aid Society. Miss Frankie Ross, Mrs. Jewitt, who held office six years and was an energetic and successful officer, Mrs. Giles Fuller, Mrs. Robert Harris. An Interval of six years with blank records follows. Then Mrs. Leslie Qualtrough was president several years. Mrs. Fannie Dyer, Mrs. W. G. Eldredge and Mrs. C.E. Scutt, followed in the order named.
An enumeration of the expenditures of the money raised include carpets, chairs, cushions, dishes, lamps, cutlery, linen, silver, painting and papering assistance in repairs to church and parsonage, and numerous incidentals. In 1867, one hundred dollars was given by the society to provide a Christmas tree and presents for the Sunday school. The same year a communion set costing thirty dollars was presented to the church.
In 1882 over four hundred dollars was raised and expended in building and furnishing the kitchen of the church. The treasurer’s book shows the total amount raised in twenty years to be $3,335.66. Two hundred dollars was expended by the society near the close of the year in preparation for the Centennial Anniversary.
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Enrique Castro, 'Quini'
Quini (Oviedo, 1949-Gijón 2018) was the epitomy of goalscoring excellence. Known as ‘el Brujo', ‘Quinocho' and ‘Quinigol', he was one of the best known strikers in European football at the time
In is first spell with Sporting Gijón (1968-80) he showed how quick and poweful he was up front and his imeccable finishing with both his feet and his head impressed. It was no conicidence that he was Pichichi on three different occasions with the Asturian team.
Barça finally managed to prise him away from Sporting in 1980 after several years of trying. At 31, he was still very effective and had lost none of his sharpness in front of goal. During his first campaign at Camp Nou he was kidnapped, but later rescued unharmed by the police. Three months later he came up against the Sporting team in which he had played for 12 years in the Copa del Rey final and showed true professionalism to score twice and help the Blaugrana to victory.
In 1980/81 and 1981/82 he finished as the Spanish top flight's top goalscorer with Barcelona and scored the club's 3,000th league goal on January 24, 1982 against Castellón. The Club paid tribute to him in a testimonial on 9 October 184 at Camp Nou. That same year he returned to Sporting and left behind some very happy memories with his amazing goalscoring feats and was praised for his human qualities as much as his football ability. On 23 April 2016 he received the FC Barcelona Golden Badge for his services to the Club.
Enrique Castro 'Quini' passed away on 27 February 2018 in Gijón.
Seasons at Club: 1980-84
Appearances: 181
Goals: 101
1 European Cup Winners’ Cup (1981/82)
2 Copa del Rey (1980/81 y 1982/83)
1 League Cup (1982/83)
1 Spanish Super Cup (1983)
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Muni Bond Indexes Weaken in Latest Week
By Aaron Weitzman February 06, 2015, 11:17 a.m. EST 1 Min Read
The weekly average yield to maturity of The Bond Buyer Municipal Bond Index, which is based on 40 long-term bond prices, was unchanged from the previous week at 4.12%, for the week ended Feb. 5.
Bond Buyer Indexes
The Bond Buyer's 20-Bond GO Index of 20-year general obligation yields increased 13 basis points to 3.49% from 3.36% the previous week. It is at its highest level since Dec. 31, when it was 3.56%.
The 11-Bond GO Index of higher-grade 20-year GO yields was also up 13 basis points to 3.34% from 3.21% the week ended Jan. 29. It is at its highest level in five weeks.
The Bond Buyer's Revenue Bond Index climbed 10 basis points to 4.16% from 4.06% in the previous week. It is at its highest level since Jan. 8, when it was 4.26%.
The yield on the U.S. Treasury's 10-year note inched up five basis points to 1.82% from 1.77%, while the yield on the Treasury's 30-year bond jumped nine basis points to 2.42% from 2.33% in the week prior.
Warning: Bond Funds That Act Like Stocks
Why So Many Big Municipal Bankruptcies?
Muni Defaults Reached Record in 2014
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Homeland Security National Training Program
Federal Emergency Management Agency Administrator Craig Fugate announced the release of the Notice of Funding Opportunity, or NOFO, for the Fiscal Year (FY) 2015 Homeland Security National Training Program (HSNTP) Continuing Training Grants (CTG) program with a total $11,521,000 available for awards in four focus areas.
The HSNTP/CTG program develops and delivers innovative training programs that are national in scope and play an important role in the implementation of the National Preparedness System by supporting the building, sustainment, and delivery of core capabilities essential to achieving the National Preparedness Goal (NPG) of a secure and resilient nation. The FY 2015 HSNTP/CTG program focuses on the following four training areas: Cybersecurity; Hazardous Materials; Countering Violent Extremism; and Rural Preparedness.
This highly competitive program attracts on average 80 applicants from state, local, tribal, and territorial governments, along with eligible non-profit organizations to include colleges and universities. In 2014, 88 eligible organizations competed and six HSNTP/CTG awards were made. Information on the 2014 awards can be found here: www.fema.gov/news-release/2014/09/26/fema-awards-11-million-increase-preparedness-through-continuing-training.
For more information on this opportunity, and to download an application package, go to www.grants.gov. On Grants.gov, you can find this opportunity by selecting Browse Agencies, and then select Department of Homeland Security. In the Basic Search Criteria, in the CFDA box, enter 97.005; from there, select the Continuing Training Grants (CTG) Program Notice of Funding Opportunity (NOFO).
FY 2015 HSNTP/CTG applications are due no later than August 10, 2015. Submissions must be made through Grants.gov.
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Jack McBrayer and Alexander Skarsgard Get Chilly For Climate Change
The actors, IRL friends, boarded a Greenpeace boat and went to the Arctic to make a Funny Or Die series.
By Emily Zemler
Christian Aslund/Greenpeace
Actors Jack McBrayer (30 Rock) and Alexander Skarsgard (True Blood) are unlikely pals, as evidenced by their recent nine-day journey to the Arctic on a Greenpeace boat. The two—who are IRL friends—partnered with Funny Or Die to shoot a comedy series that follows their travels through one of the coldest places on Eartth. The idea is to highlight the pressing climate change issue and build support for Greenpeace's "Save the Arctic" campaign, which aims to create a wildlife sanctuary in international waters around the North Pole and end to oil drilling in the Arctic Ocean. In the series, which premieres today, McBrayer and Skarsgard may be at odds with one another. But in conversation, the two come across like best pals.
Esquire: Were you guys friends before making this?
Jack McBrayer: Nope. Still aren't.
Alexander Skarsgard: Well, we were before, but not so much anymore. We were incredibly close until we spent nine days together on a boat in bunk beds.
JM: He saw the worst of Jack McBrayer. He saw Jack McBrayer's insides.
AS: I saw the inside of Jack McBrayer. And I got to smell the inside of Jack McBrayer.
How was this project pitched to you?
JM: I knew some people over at Funny Or Die and when they were talking about this project with Greenpeace one of my friends over there was like "You know what? Jack McBrayer hates the cold. Let's send Jack to the North Pole!" I knew I could only do this if I had a buddy with me, and it turns out that Alex was interested. I figured he was so busy, but as soon as I sent the email I got back "YES!" And I was like "Oh no, what have I done?"
What made you say yes to Jack so quickly?
AS: Well, I've been a member of Greenpeace since I was a teenager. It was such an amazing opportunity to go up there and learn more about the campaign. And Jack and I are friends from Los Angeles and I've been trying to get him to come visit me in Sweden or travel. He's very happy at his pool in Los Angeles and I was very happy when he said "I'll consider traveling and going on a little adventure."
JM: That is true. Alex is inherently adventurous. He's been to the South Pole. This was just another trophy on his shelf. And it's just not in my DNA. I just don't have wanderlust.
Why does a comedy video series make sense for a serious subject like global warming?
JM: A lot of times we associate Greenpeace and climate change and shrinking polar caps with heavy-handed, weighty material. It's somber stuff. But with Funny Or Die we thought we could put an interesting take on it. Make it a little more palatable, especially for young people who tune into the website.
AS: That was beautifully put, Jack.
JM: Thank you. I love you.
Alex, as someone who has traveled a lot what did you find compelling about this particular trip?
AS: I was really blown away by the crew members. It was such an amazing experience to be able to spend nine days on a boat with these Greenpeace people. Some of them were scientists and some were crew members working on the ship. Just to hear their stories, like what drew them to Greenpeace in the first place and what they've been through. Every single second of the day they work to save the planet, which makes me as an actor feel quite insignificant.
JM: And meanwhile here we are like "Hey, we're going to do some funny videos on an ice floe so if y'all could stop the boat for a few hours we'd appreciate that."
Will you continue working with Greenpeace?
JM: If they have me back. I left a great deal of vomit on their boat so our relationship may be over.
AS: But it was all organic.
JM: Yeah, it helped the Arctic.
This content is imported from Funny Or Die. You may be able to find the same content in another format, or you may be able to find more information, at their web site.
Emily Zemler Emily Zemler is a freelance writer based in London.
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'Ma Rainey's Black Bottom' Director George C. Wolfe on The "Two Crimes" at the End of the Film
August Wilson's shocking coda gets a thoughtful update in Netflix's new adaptation
By Olivia Ovenden
This article contains spoilers for 'Ma Rainey's Black Bottom'
The last act of Ma Rainey's Black Bottom is a coda that puts the whole film into perspective, with two moments of violence laid side-by-side in the closing moments of the film. The first, and more explicit, of the two is Levee (Chadwick Boseman) dramatically stabbing Toledo (Glynn Turman) for standing on his shoe. Of course, the real reason Levee is lashing out is because of the violence he witnessed as a boy, in seeing his mother's rape and his father's murder at the hands of white men.
Levee spends much of the story flailing and fighting with anyone he comes into contact with, until there is nobody else left to turn to. Having been fired by Ma Rainey he is in a desperate state which leads to him taking a knife and stabbing Toledo, the kindly father figure of the band whose last moments are a haunting mixture of wide-eyed horror and forlorn acceptance of his fate.
This is the final shot in August Wilson's play, but in the Netflix version of Ma Rainey's Black Bottom, director George C. Wolfe adds one final thought before the credits roll. In this scene we see a white singer and a group of white jazz musicians in a newer looking studio recording the song that Levee had written and given to Sturdyvant earlier in the film. "I was thinking about how Sturdyvant takes that song, he doesn’t put it in a file, no, he goes ahead and records that song," George C. Wolfe told Esquire of his decision to add in the symbolic afterthought.
"There’s all these incredible stories in popular culture where a Black musician or artist comes along and their work or compositions are usurped by a more mainstream white artist," he added. "Big Mama Thornton sang 'Hound Dog', but we don’t know that version, we know the Elvis Presley version."
David Lee/NETFLIX
The idea of taking music made by Black people and having it almost taped over by white artists came to Wolfe when he was thinking about the celebrated American bandleader, Paul Samuel 'Pops' Whiteman. "Paul Whiteman who did a concert at Carnegie Hall which was billed as, ‘the concert that made a lady out of jazz’, and so at a time when Black artists were making all this really interesting work, it was somehow him that legitimised jazz," Wolfe said. "So the character in the film is loosely patterned on Paul Whiteman."
Wolfe also spoke of how the ending plays with the image of what an artist has to do to get his work seen and heard, referencing the work of Black American composer Duke Ellington. "Ellington was a genius performer," Wolfe said. "But a number of songs from the beginning of his career said they were written by 'Duke Ellington and his manager'", underscoring the same white 'acceptable' face which is put on the work of a Black artist.
By weaving the erasure of Black music into the story, we see Levee die in a sense as his music is recorded by white men, the very people who started the cycle of his trauma. As Wolfe said, "To me at the end there are two crimes that take place: one of the crimes is Levee and what he does to Toledo, and the other is what happens to his art, and that’s what I wanted to embody."
Discussing how the film could be read as a metaphor for where America is right now, Wolfe talked about the need to address the wrongs committed against Black people, saying, "It’s very important that people and countries go on a journey of healing in which they confront the pain, the horror and the sins of the past, otherwise you can’t go forward."
He added, "That is the American dilemma: how do you go forward into the future when you have a haunted past that you cautiously recognise? If at all." The need to address both the violence and the erasing of Black people and their voices from the past is a message which lingers in the film's final moments.
In presenting these two moments next to each other Wolfe is making a statement about the legacy of Black people, and how the trauma against them continues to be passed down while their music is taken from them and turned into something which does not bear their name. It is a powerful final moment and a thoughtful update to Wilson's work, a play which wrestles with the nature of creative ownership and Black artistry at its heart.
The Real Chadwick Boseman
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About Fortress»
Permanent Capital Vehicles
Financial Reports and Filings
Announcement Regarding Tender Offer for Shares of UNIZO #12
Company Release - 2/13/2020 2:19 PM EST
TOKYO--(BUSINESS WIRE)--Sapporo GK:
To all parties concerned
Company Name: Sapporo GK
Managing Partner: Sapporo ISH
Executor of Managing Partner: Takaaki Fukunaga
Contact: Fortress Investment Group (Japan) GK
While Sapporo GK (hereinafter referred to as the “Tender Offeror”) commenced the tender offer for the common shares of UNIZO Holdings Company, Limited (Code No.: 3258, Tokyo Stock Exchange) (hereinafter referred to as “Target”) on August 19, 2019 (hereinafter referred to as the “Tender Offer”), the Tender Offeror decided as of today to change the conditions of purchase, etc. through the Tender Offer.
Accordingly, the Tender Offeror hereby announces that the amendments shall be made to the “Announcement of Commencement of Tender Offer for Shares of UNIZO Holdings Company, Limited (Securities Code: 3258)” dated August 16, 2019 (including the portions amended by the “Announcement Regarding Amendments to the Press Release titled ‘Announcement of Commencement of Tender Offer for Shares of UNIZO Holdings Company, Limited (Securities Code: 3258)’ due to Changes of Conditions of Tender Offer” dated September 5, 2019, September 20, 2019, October 2, 2019, October 17, 2019, October 25, 2019, November 11, 2019, November 15, 2019, November 29, 2019, December 13, 2019, December 18, 2019, December 27, 2019, January 20, 2020 and January 29, 2020, respectively), as follows:
Portions to be amended are underlined.
1. Purpose, Etc. of Tender Offer, Etc.
(1) Overview of the Tender Offer
<Before amendment>
<Omitted>
As stated above, Fortress believes that it remains the best potential sponsor for the Target, and that its plan offers significant advantages over the plan submitted by Chitocea, in light of the preservation and enhancement of the Target’s corporate value and protection of the interests of all stakeholders of the Target. Chitocea’s plan will only increase leverage and reduce assets at the Target group, while Fortress’ plan is expected to reduce leverage and provide a collateral pool equally to all creditors, as well as enhance the Target group’s operations. Furthermore, the combination of the resources of MyStays and the Target’s hotel operations contemplated in Fortress’ plan are expected to provide important business synergies to the Target during a period where hotel fundamentals are declining.
<After amendment>
Thereafter, in a release titled “Notice of Position Statement (Opposition) Regarding Tender Offer by Sapporo GK for UNIZO Holdings Company, Limited Stock” released subsequently on February 9, 2020 by the Target (“Target’s February 9 Press Release”), the Target resolved at its Board of Directors meeting, held on the same day to continue to oppose the Tender Offer.
Also, the Target announced on February 9, 2020 in a press release titled “Notice Regarding Change of Conditions for Tender Offer by Chitocea Investment Co., Ltd. for Unizo Holdings, Limited Stock” that Chitocea Investment Co., Ltd. (“Chitocea”) decided on February 9, 2020 to extend the period of its tender offer, commenced on December 24, 2019 (“Chitocea TOB”) until February 28, 2020 and to change the tender offer price from JPY 5,100 to JPY 5,700. According to the “Notice of Position Statement (Approval) Regarding Tender Offer by Chitocea Investment Co., Ltd. for Unizo Holdings, Limited Stock after Change in Tender Offer Conditions” released on February 9, 2020 by the Target (“February 9 Press Release Approving Chitocea TOB”), the Target resolved at its Board of Directors meeting held on the same day to continue to approve Chitocea TOB and to maintain its recommendation to all shareholders that they tender their shares to Chitocea TOB. For details on the aforementioned Target’s Board of Directors meeting held on February 9, 2020, please refer to the Target’s February 9 Press Release and the February 9 Press Release Approving Chitocea TOB.
In light of the situation described above, the Tender Offeror made a comprehensive assessment of various factors, including Chitocea TOB, the status of tenders made by the Target’s shareholders to the Tender Offer and the prospect of tenders going forward and determined, after careful consideration to extend the tender offer period of the Tender Offer until February 28, 2020, the last day of the tender offer period of Chitocea TOB (“13th Change of Tender Offer Conditions”), as there is a need to extend the Tender Offer period to correspond with the extension of the tender offer period of Chitocea TOB.
(2) Background, Purpose and Decision-making Process Leading to Decision to Conduct Tender Offer and Management Policy Following Tender Offer
(II) Target’s Decision-making Process and Rationale
Thereafter, the Target resolved at a Board of Directors meeting held on December 22, 2019 to express an opinion to oppose the Tender Offer by the Tender Offeror. For details, please refer to the December 22 Press Release.
Further, the Target resolved at a Board of Directors meeting held on February 9, 2020 to continue to announce opposition to the Tender Offer by the Tender Offeror. For details, please refer to the February 9 Press Release.
(3) Measures to Ensure Fairness of Tender Offer Price and Avoid Conflicts of Interest, and Other Measures to Ensure Fairness of Tender Offer
(II) Consultation with Independent Special Committee by Target
According to the December 22 Press Release, on December 21, 2019, the Target consulted with the Special Committee about whether it would be appropriate to express an opinion of opposing to the Tender Offer, and on December 22, 2019, the Special Committee submitted a report to the effect that it would be appropriate to do so.
Further, according to the February 9 Press Release, on February 8, 2020, the Target consulted with the Special Committee regarding the appropriateness of announcing the opposition opinion to the Tender Offer, and on February 9, 2019, the Special Committee submitted a report concluding it appropriate to announce the opposition opinion to the Tender Offer. For details, please refer to the February 9 Press Release.
(V) Ensuring of Objective Circumstances to Secure Fairness of Tender Offer Price
In addition, the Tender Offeror set the period of the Tender Offer before the 1st Change of Tender Offer Conditions as 30 business days, even though the minimum tender offer period required under law is 20 business days (Please note that the tender offer period was extended to 34 business days after the 1st Change of Tender Offer Conditions, then to 41 business days after the 2nd Change of Tender Offer Conditions, to 51 business days after the 3rd Change of Tender Offer Conditions, to 56 business days after the 4th Change of Tender Offer Conditions, to 60 business days after the 5th Change of Tender Offer Conditions, to 70 business days after the 6th Change of Tender Offer Conditions, to 80 business days after the 7th Change of Tender Offer Conditions, to 90 business days after the 8th Change of Tender Offer Conditions, to 93 business days after the 9th Change of Tender Offer Conditions, to 100 business days after the 10th Change of Tender Offer Conditions, to 111 business days after the 11th Change of Tender Offer Conditions, and thereafter, to 117 business days after the 12th Change of Tender Offer Conditions). We intend to ensure the fairness of the Tender Offer by having a comparatively long tender offer period in order to provide the shareholders of the Target with an appropriate opportunity to consider whether or not to apply for the Tender Offer, as well as to ensure that any party other than the Tender Offeror will have an opportunity to make a competing tender offer for Target Shares. Please note that the tender offer period was from August 19, 2019 (Monday) to October 7, 2019 (Monday) after the 1st Change of Tender Offer Conditions, but then changed to the period from August 19, 2019 (Monday) to October 17 (Thursday) after the 2nd Change of Tender Offer Conditions, changed to the period from August 19, 2019 (Monday) to November 1 (Friday) after the 3rd Change of Tender Offer Conditions, changed to the period from August 19, 2019 (Monday) to November 11 (Monday) after the 4th Change of Tender Offer Conditions, changed to the period from August 19, 2019 (Monday) to November 15 (Friday) after the 5th Change of Tender Offer Conditions, changed to the period from August 19, 2019 (Monday) to November 29 (Friday) after the 6th Change of Tender Offer Conditions, changed to the period from August 19, 2019 (Monday) to December 13 (Friday) after the 7th Change of Tender Offer Conditions, changed to the period from August 19, 2019 (Monday) to December 27, 2019 (Friday) after the 8th Change of Tender Offer Conditions, changed to the period from August 19, 2019 (Monday) to January 8, 2020 (Wednesday) after the 9th Change of Tender Offer Conditions, changed to the period from August 19, 2019 (Monday) to January 20, 2020 (Monday) after the 10th Change of Tender Offer Conditions, changed to the period from August 19, 2019 (Monday) to February 4, 2020 (Tuesday) after the 11th Change of Tender Offer Conditions, and thereafter, changed to the period from August 19, 2019 (Monday) to February 13, 2020 (Thursday) after the 12th Change of Tender Offer Conditions.
In addition, the Tender Offeror set the period of the Tender Offer before the 1st Change of Tender Offer Conditions as 30 business days, even though the minimum tender offer period required under law is 20 business days (Please note that the tender offer period was extended to 34 business days after the 1st Change of Tender Offer Conditions, then to 41 business days after the 2nd Change of Tender Offer Conditions, to 51 business days after the 3rd Change of Tender Offer Conditions, to 56 business days after the 4th Change of Tender Offer Conditions, to 60 business days after the 5th Change of Tender Offer Conditions, to 70 business days after the 6th Change of Tender Offer Conditions, to 80 business days after the 7th Change of Tender Offer Conditions, to 90 business days after the 8th Change of Tender Offer Conditions, to 93 business days after the 9th Change of Tender Offer Conditions, to 100 business days after the 10th Change of Tender Offer Conditions, to 111 business days after the 11th Change of Tender Offer Conditions, to 117 business days after the 12th Change of Tender Offer Conditions), and thereafter, to 127 business days after the 13th Change of Tender Offer Conditions). We intend to ensure the fairness of the Tender Offer by having a comparatively long tender offer period in order to provide the shareholders of the Target with an appropriate opportunity to consider whether or not to apply for the Tender Offer, as well as to ensure that any party other than the Tender Offeror will have an opportunity to make a competing tender offer for Target Shares. Please note that the tender offer period was from August 19, 2019 (Monday) to October 7, 2019 (Monday) after the 1st Change of Tender Offer Conditions, but then changed to the period from August 19, 2019 (Monday) to October 17 (Thursday) after the 2nd Change of Tender Offer Conditions, changed to the period from August 19, 2019 (Monday) to November 1 (Friday) after the 3rd Change of Tender Offer Conditions, changed to the period from August 19, 2019 (Monday) to November 11 (Monday) after the 4th Change of Tender Offer Conditions, changed to the period from August 19, 2019 (Monday) to November 15 (Friday) after the 5th Change of Tender Offer Conditions, changed to the period from August 19, 2019 (Monday) to November 29 (Friday) after the 6th Change of Tender Offer Conditions, changed to the period from August 19, 2019 (Monday) to December 13 (Friday) after the 7th Change of Tender Offer Conditions, changed to the period from August 19, 2019 (Monday) to December 27, 2019 (Friday) after the 8th Change of Tender Offer Conditions, changed to the period from August 19, 2019 (Monday) to January 8, 2020 (Wednesday) after the 9th Change of Tender Offer Conditions, changed to the period from August 19, 2019 (Monday) to January 20, 2020 (Monday) after the 10th Change of Tender Offer Conditions, changed to the period from August 19, 2019 (Monday) to February 4, 2020 (Tuesday) after the 11th Change of Tender Offer Conditions, changed to the period from August 19, 2019 (Monday) to February 13, 2020 (Thursday) after the 12th Change of Tender Offer Conditions, and thereafter, changed to the period from August 19, 2019 (Monday) to February 28, 2020 (Friday) after the 13th Change of Tender Offer Conditions.
2. Outline of Tender Offer
(2) Schedule, Etc.
(II) Anticipated Tender Offer Period at the time of filing of the Notification
From August 19, 2019 (Monday) to February 13, 2020 (Thursday) (117 business days)
From August 19, 2019 (Monday) to February 28, 2020 (Friday) (127 business days)
(8) Settlement Method
(II) Commencement Date of Settlement
February 20, 2020 (Thursday)
March 6, 2020 (Friday)
(1) Agreements Between Tender Offeror and Target or its Officers and Details Thereof
(I) Agreements Between Tender Offeror and Target and Details Thereof
According to the August 16 Press Release, at the meeting of its board of directors held on August 16, 2019, the Target adopted a resolution support the Tender Offer and to recommend that shareholders holding Target Shares tender their shares in the Tender Offer. For details of the resolution of such meeting of the board of directors of the Target held on August 16, 2019, please refer to the August 16 Press Release, as well as “(IV) Approval of All Directors and Opinions Stating that No Objection was Made by Audit & Supervisory Board Members of Target” of “(3) Measures to Ensure Fairness of Tender Offer Prices and Avoid Conflicts of Interest, and Other Measures to Ensure Fairness of Tender Offer” of “1. Purpose, Etc. of Tender Offer, Etc.” above. In addition, according to the September 27 Press Release, the Target resolved, at the meeting of its board of directors held on September 27, 2019, to withdraw its approval of the Tender Offer and its recommendation that all shareholders tender their shares in the Tender Offer, and that the Target was reserving its position regarding the Tender Offer and withholdings its opinion on whether to recommend each shareholder tender its shares in the Tender Offer. For details of the resolution of such meeting of the board of directors of the Target held on September 27, 2019, please refer to the September 27 Press Release. In addition, according to the October 21 Press Release, thereafter, the Target resolved at the Board of Directors meeting on October 21, 2019 to again withhold its opinion regarding the Tender Offer by the Tender Offeror and regarding whether or not the Target recommends that shareholders tender their shared in the Tender Offer, and to continue discussions with Fortress. For details, please refer to the October 21 Press Release. Further, according to the December 22 Press Release, the Target resolved at a Board of Directors meeting held on December 22, 2019 to express an opinion to oppose the Tender Offer by the Tender Offeror. For details, please refer to the December 22 Press Release.
According to the August 16 Press Release, at the meeting of its board of directors held on August 16, 2019, the Target adopted a resolution support the Tender Offer and to recommend that shareholders holding Target Shares tender their shares in the Tender Offer. For details of the resolution of such meeting of the board of directors of the Target held on August 16, 2019, please refer to the August 16 Press Release, as well as “(IV) Approval of All Directors and Opinions Stating that No Objection was Made by Audit & Supervisory Board Members of Target” of “(3) Measures to Ensure Fairness of Tender Offer Prices and Avoid Conflicts of Interest, and Other Measures to Ensure Fairness of Tender Offer” of “1. Purpose, Etc. of Tender Offer, Etc.” above. In addition, according to the September 27 Press Release, the Target resolved, at the meeting of its board of directors held on September 27, 2019, to withdraw its approval of the Tender Offer and its recommendation that all shareholders tender their shares in the Tender Offer, and that the Target was reserving its position regarding the Tender Offer and withholdings its opinion on whether to recommend each shareholder tender its shares in the Tender Offer. For details of the resolution of such meeting of the board of directors of the Target held on September 27, 2019, please refer to the September 27 Press Release. In addition, according to the October 21 Press Release, thereafter, the Target resolved at the Board of Directors meeting on October 21, 2019 to again withhold its opinion regarding the Tender Offer by the Tender Offeror and regarding whether or not the Target recommends that shareholders tender their shared in the Tender Offer, and to continue discussions with Fortress. For details, please refer to the October 21 Press Release. Further, according to the December 22 Press Release, the Target resolved at a Board of Directors meeting held on December 22, 2019 to express an opinion to oppose the Tender Offer by the Tender Offeror. For details, please refer to the December 22 Press Release. Furthermore, according to the February 9 Press Release, the Target resolved at a Board of Directors meeting held on February 9, 2020 to continue to announce opposition to the Tender Offer by the Tender Offeror. For details, please refer to the February 9 Press Release.
- This press release is made for the purpose of publicly announcing the Tender Offer and not for the purpose of soliciting an offer to sell nor offering to purchase any securities in the Tender Offer. Any shareholder who intends to apply for the sale, etc. of any securities should make sure to act at its own discretion after reviewing the Tender Offer Explanation Statement as to the Tender Offer. This press release does not constitute a solicitation of sale of, or an offer for purchase of, any securities, nor a part thereof, and neither this press release (or a part thereof) nor the delivery thereof shall provide a basis for any agreement for the Tender Offer and may be relied upon for executing any such agreement.
- The Tender Offer is conducted to purchase common stock of the Target, a corporation incorporated in Japan. Although the Tender Offer will be conducted in accordance with the procedures and information disclosure standards prescribed in the Financial Instruments and Exchange Act, these procedures and standards may differ from the procedures and standards in the United States. In particular, Sections 13(e) and 14(d) of the U.S. Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended, and the rules prescribed thereunder do not apply to the Tender Offer, and the Tender Offer does not confirm to those procedures and standards. All of the financial information contained in this press release is based on Japanese accounting standard, not U.S. accounting standards, and may not necessarily be comparable to financial information based on U.S. accounting standards. Further, it may be difficult to enforce any right or demand arising under U.S. federal securities laws, because both of the Tender Offeror and the Target are incorporated outside the United States and none of its officers are U.S. residents. It may be impossible to sue a company outside the United States and its officers in a non-U.S. court for a violation of the U.S. Securities laws. Furthermore, there is no guarantee that one would be able to compel a company outside the United States or its subsidiaries and affiliated parties to subject themselves to the jurisdiction of a U.S. court.
- Unless otherwise specified, all procedures relating to the Tender Offer shall be conducted in Japanese language. If some of the documents relating to the Tender Offer are prepared in English language and if there is any inconsistency between the English version and the Japanese version, the Japanese version shall prevail.
- This press release contains “forward-looking statements” as defined in Section 27A of the U.S. Securities Act of 1933, as amended, and Section 21E of the U.S. Securities Exchange Act of 1934. Known or unknown risks, uncertainties and other factors could cause actual results to substantially differ from the projections and other matters expressly or impliedly set forth herein as “forward-looking statements.” Neither the Tender Offeror nor the Target, nor any of their respective affiliated parties, assumes that such express or implied projections, etc. set forth herein as “forward-looking statements” will eventually prove to be correct. The “forward-looking statements” contained in this press release have been prepared based on the information held by the Tender Offeror and the Target as of the date hereof and, unless otherwise required under applicable laws and regulations, neither the Tender Offeror nor the Target, nor any of their respective affiliated parties, assumes any obligation to update or revise this press release to reflect any future events or circumstances.
- There is a possibility that the Tender Offeror, any of the Target’s financial advisors or the tender offer agent (including their respective related parties) may conduct purchases of common stock of the Target not under the Tender Offer for its or their own account or on the account of its or their clients, or may take any action toward such purchase, prior to the commencement of the Tender Offer or during the tender offer period, in the ordinary course of business in accordance with the requirements under Article 5(b) of Rule 14(e) of the U.S. Securities Exchange Act of 1934, to such extent as is permitted by Japanese legislation related to financial instruments transactions and other applicable laws and regulations.
Contact for Media Relations:
Ai Saito, Kekst CNC
Tel: +81-3-5156-0189 or +81-80-4818-4822
E-mail: ai.saito@kekstcnc.com
Financial Reports & Filings
Contact / Offices
Copyright © 2021 Fortress Investment Group LLC
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Turks and Caicos - Historical Flags
Keywords: turks and caicos | jamaica | bahamas | conch | crayfish | america | caribbean | shell | lobster | cactus | pelican | sisal |
Pre-1968 Flags
Governor Flag (1875-1923)
Pre-1968 Badges
Proposed Commissioner Flag (1870,1875)
1968 Flags
State Ensign
Red Ensign
Governor's Flag
United Kingdom - Colonial Flags
image by Martin Grieve and Željko Heimer, 28 June 2004
image by Jaume Ollé, 21 March 2000
I have a drawing of the Turks and Caicos Islands flag that was granted to them before 1904 and was replaced by the current one in 1968. It consists of the Blue British Ensign with a circular badge in the fly. I have gotten it from the "Enciclopedia Bruguera" and from the "Diccionario Latinoamericano"
Juan Manuel Gabino Villascán, 7 March 2000
Illustration of this flag appears in p. 108 (bottom) at [zna99], with two rows of three Blue Ensigns each. In the second row there is "Turks & Caicos Islands (end of XIXth century - 1968)".
Ivan Sache, 25 Febuary 2001
If I have understood correctly the two images at the top captioned "1875-1889" and "1889-1968" do not show two different flags, but one and the same with only artistic difference. The second image actually show the errornours "igloo" depiction from 1889 Admirality book, and should be retained as such.
Željko Heimer, 26 June 2004
I also think that the first detail (1875-1889) should be very very similar to the second version (1889-1968) - the only difference being that the "igloo" in the first is omitted. Two scans from David Prothero (1881 and 1889) sent to me may just help to deepen the mystery of artistic rendition here. The second badge is quite clearly the one drawn by Jaumme, and shows the "hatch" in the salt pile. Just take a look at both and you will see that both badges are quite different.
Martin Grieve, 27 June 2004
Turks & Caicos used a circular seal in 1875 flag.
David Prothero, 8 April 2005
Whilst checking this I found that the Union Jack defaced with the Turks & Caicos 1875 badge was cancelled 22 September 1923. [National Archives (PRO) ADM 116/1847B].
David Prothero, 9 July 2003
image by Martin Grieve, 2 July 2003
based on illustration in 1881 booklet: 'Arms or Badges of the several Colonies of Great Britain'
The circular badge on the first flag was introduced sometime before 1904. The arms were granted 28 September 1965 and the shield from the arms replaced the circular badge on the flag in 1968.
The administrative sequence was:
Until 1959 the T&C were a dependency of Jamaica; in 1959 the T&C became a separate colony but until 1962 the Governor of Jamaica was also the Governor of T&C. Between 1962 and 1965 the Administrator of the T&C reported directly to London. Between 1965 and 1973 the Administrator was subordinate to the Governor of the Bahamas who was also Governor of the T&C. In 1973 when Bahamas became independent the Administrator was up-graded to Governor.
The old circular badge is the answer to a sneaky quiz question: 'what tropical island used to have an igloo on it's flag?' The two white semi-circles in the foreground are supposed to be piles of salt raked up on the salt-pans, but the heraldic artist who drew the seal thought they were meant to be buildings and put a door-way in one making it look like an igloo.
David Prothero, 30 July 1997
Turks/Caicos and the Cayman Islands were dependencies of Jamaica. Turks had its own badge based on the Seal of the colony from 1875 until 1958 when it was replaced by the current shield
David Prothero, 22 November 1999
Turks Islands, settled from Bermuda in 1678 , were too dry for the cultivation of sugar cane, and pans were created in which seawater was evaporated to make salt. This was shipped to the cod-fisheries of North America for use as a preservative. The Caicos Islands were settled about a hundred years later by American loyalists. In 1799 both settlements were annexed to Bahamas, but in 1848 became a separate presidency under the Governor of Jamaica.
14 September 1869 - Turks Islands were included in the list of colonies required to submit a sketch of the proposed badge of the colony. This was probably an error. Other presidencies such as Virgin Islands or St Kitts Nevis had no badge until after the Leeward Islands were unbundled in 1956. Similarly a dependency, which Turks and Caicos became in 1874, should not have had its own badge. Seychelles, a dependency of Mauritius, had no badge until it became a separate colony in 1903.
12 January 1870 - President Melfort Campbell sent Sir P.Grant, Governor of Jamaica: " ... a sketch of a Union Jack with the arms of this colony in the centre - the arms being similar to those of the public seal.
2. I can not recommend the adoption of these arms as the expense of emblazoning them on the standards would be excessive, and I think some simple device could well be substituted (such as a crescent and star on a blue ground) but the Executive Council are of opinion that the central
badge on the standard should correspond with the seal of the colony.
3. Some explanation of the badge may be requisite : the foreground represents salt heaps with measures and raking implement, and an individual filling one of the measures with salt. In the background is a vessel ready for her freight of the staple commodity of this colony."
The despatch was forwarded to Earl Granville, the Secretary of State in London. He replied, "I concur with Mr.Campbell in thinking that the arms of this colony are too elaborate to be placed on a flag, and that the design he proposed would be much preferable, but if after this expression of my opinion the Legislature still desire to retain the badge they have chosen, I shall not withhold my sanction to their doing so."
The Executive Council adhered to their previous conviction that the Colony's Arms should form the central device on the flag used by the Presidents, and a black and white drawing of the complete seal, including royal arms, was adopted by the colony with the approval of the Colonial Office and Admiralty in July 1870.
It was included in a draft sheet of colonial badges circulated by the Colonial Office in September 1874. The Admiralty asked if the Turks Islands' badge should be uncoloured. The query was passed on to Turks Islands, now a Dependency of Jamaica, with a Commissioner as head of government.
The Council had changed its mind, and on 16 January 1875 Mr.Commissioner Smith replied that, "In lieu of former device proposed, think that crescent and three white stars on blue would be suitable. Crescent emblematic of name of islands, and three stars of the principle islands in the settlement; Grand Turk, Salt Cay and Caicos Group."
Apparently he thought that the name of the islands was connected with Ottoman Turks, but it is more likely that they were named for an indigenous cactus (included on the current arms) similar in shape to a decorative knot, which was called a Turks Head because if its resemblance to a Turkish fez.
The Governor of Jamaica, now Sir W.Grey, forwarded Smith's letter, adding: "I have the honor to state that I suggested to the Commissioner that a simpler device should be selected for the flag of Turks Islands than proposed in 1870, on the ground of less expense that it would entail, and I have to report that the suggestion has been adopted, and that a crescent and three stars, white on a blue field, has been submitted as the device to be emblazoned on the flag of these islands, which I may remark was originally proposed by President Campbell in 1870."
However the Colonial Office now realised that the Order in Council authorising the flags, required (in the absence of arms) the use of the seal of the colony. The following was written on a minute sheet. "Ref. Turks 17 February. Hasty in approving device of Captain Campbell in 1870, which is like that now submitted by Sir W.Grey. Seal without royal arms is all that is wanted."
A despatch went back to Jamaica, resulting in a letter dated 25 March 1875 from Sir W.Grey to Turks. "Having reference to terms of Order in Council of 7 August 1869 in Lord Granville's Circular Despatch of 14 September, it appears on further consideration desirable to follow practice in most colonies and emblazon flag with distinctive part of seal of colony. Only the distinctive panel required, not the royal arms. Request fresh drawing."
In September the Colonial Office sent the Admiralty a drawing similar to the one eventually published, adding, "If you concur, words Turks and Caicos Islands, which appear on seal, will be inserted under device and within wreath." Admiralty replied; "Words should be inserted."
A final twist in the tale came when the badges from the 1881 Colonial Office book were re-drawn for publication in the Admiralty Flag Book of 1889. The illustrator apparently thought that the heaps of salt were really huts, or possibly even igloos, and 'improved' the drawing by inserting a doorway into one of the heaps.
[National Archives (PRO) CO 301/55 and CO 323/321].
Above is 1875' badge before it was 'improved' in 1889.
Proposed design for the flag of the Commissioner of Turks and Caicos Islands. The design was proposed in 1870 and again in 1875, but rejected because it did not comply with the directions in the Order in Council of 7th August 1869.
David Prothero, 26 June 2004
The newspaper of today (Süddeutsche Zeitung 10 July 2006, p.10) reports on a hobby-historian from Istanbul claiming that Turks had discovered America in 1465, several decades before Columbus. He is claiming this because he believes in links between "Turkey" and "Turks" Islands in the Caribbean. One of his indications is the proposed flag for Turks and Caicos from 1870. Other media had reported on this, too, but obviously none managed to check the story about the flag. For instance, see <blog.handelsblatt.de>, claiming that the flag with crescent and stars indeed had been used from 1869-73.
Marcus Schmöger, 10 July 2006
In Flags adopted in 1968, the badge is being encompassed by an imaginary circle of diameter measuring 4/9 hoist width of flag.
The Governor flew the Union flag defaced with laurel garland, the badge enclosed within, but unfortunately we do not know when this flag was adopted.
A red Ensign appears to have been extant although unofficial.
image by Martin Grieve, 21 June 2004
Governor Flag
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Minnesota reviewing water test results after lab errors
ST. PAUL, Minn. (KMSP) - The Minnesota Department of Health has removed an employee from lab duty over alleged misconduct involving the analysis of drinking water supplies. The employee was testing water for volatile organic compounds and gasoline and diesel products, but they didn’t follow proper procedures and quality control steps.
The longtime employee has been placed on investigative leave.
The flawed testing may have generated weaker, less defensible results. These results are particularly important to several Twin Cities suburbs where drinking water supplies have been monitored for chemical contamination. The health department is reprocessing its analysis of public water systems, with priority given to those considered most sensitive, including:
5 public water supply systems in Brooklyn Center, Edina, St. Louis Park, Spring Park and Kasota.
Several private drinking wells in Baytown Township and adjacent areas of Washington County.
Private wells near the Lindala Sanitary Landfill site in Wright County.
“We are concerned about this situation and we are making every effort, including contracting for outside laboratory assistance, to reanalyze the work as quickly as possible,” MDH Commissioner Ed Ehlinger said. “We have an obligation to provide sound, science-based information to our partners and the public.”
Ehlinger said it could take 1 to 2 months for the investigation to yield more insight into the analysis. As part of a quality initiative, an outside analyst was the one who first noticed inconsistencies in the data and called it into quesiton.
The initial review indicates the allegedly improper work was limited to one employee. The misconduct doesn’t present a significant or immediate public health risk, but it raises questions about the reliability of water testing data used by the health department and Minnesota Pollution Control Agency for projects going back to at least May 2013.
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Freddie Empire
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FreddieEmpire
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Freddie Empire has natural talent; the talent that has made him the toast of thousands of people who have watched and enjoyed this electrifying artist around the world. He has mesmerized audiences in such places as the Caribe Hilton (Puerto Rico), Americana (Aruba), Newport (Miami Beach), Apollo (N.Y.), Memorial Auditorium (Dallas), Four Seasons (Toronto, Canada), Bally's Park Place (Atlantic City), Trump's Castle (Atlantic City), Flamingo Hilton, Las Vegas Hilton, Aladdin, Caesars Palace, New York/New York, Sahara, MGM Grand, Venetian (Las Vegas) just to name a few.
Audiences have applauded his talent from Finland to Japan, and from Canada to South America...
No matter what your musical preferences; whether Pavoratti, Andrea Bocelli, Whitney Houston, Tina Turner, or Back Street boys, you are guaranteed to love this Chicago born, New York reared Pisces gentleman - and you will find a place in your musical heart for him...
Freddie Empire has not been satisfied to be just an established "high roller" circuit act, but has pursued his recording career as well. He enjoyed some success with a record in Dallas on the Coconut Label, entitled "Let Me Give My Love To You", which has become a collector's record in the British market. He also recorded an album with Rare Bullet Records and has since established his own recording studio and label that boasts a full roster of talented artists...
Freddie Empire, the man of many talents is a once in a lifetime performer, combining instinct, experience and true artistry.
To hear him is to know that you have heard a rare and unforgettable talent, the kind that has audiences coming back for more and more...
© 2017 For Freddie Empire By M & C
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Don’t hand anything over to election integrity commission
Free Press readers
I’m writing to express my complete opposition to the Presidential Commission on Election Integrity, which is only a front for a continuing effort to dismantle democratic norms. The call for Michigan voters’ personal information is inspired by the president’s deranged, self-serving and baseless assertion that there was voter fraud in the last election. And in an effort to seek redress and repair for his shattered ego, he comes up with this cockamamie commission. Michigan’s Secretary of State should not hand over a single page of paper to the commission’s vice chairperson, Kris Kobach.
Sarah Bearup-Neal
Why the U.S. is behind on EVs
Volvo announces it will stop introducing “conventional internal combustion engine vehicles after 2019,” thus promoting 21st Century technology to combat climate change and lower pollution levels in urban areas. Meanwhile, President Donald Trump is in Poland promoting use of 19th and 20th Century fossil fuels. Whatever happened to American ingenuity and innovation? Of course, it is hard for U.S. automakers to lead with greener vehicles if American consumers refuse to buy them.
Regulations may have forced U.S. manufacturers to create higher mileage vehicles but cannot force U.S. consumers to purchase them. Gasoline needs to be more expensive but that isn’t going to happen as demand for it falls throughout most of the world. But then why worry, Trump has claimed that climate change is a hoax. If you believe that I think you should invest in real estate in Miami or Phoenix. Me, I’ll stick with Michigan and hope that the U.S. imposes a carbon tax to incentivize consumers to buy green vehicles and returns the money to families so they can afford them.
James M. Rine
FAA bill right move for air traffic controllers
U.S. Rep. Paul Mitchell, R-Dryden, co-sponsored the FAA reauthorization bill — the 21st Century Aviation Innovation, Reform, and Reauthorization Act. My organization — the National Air Traffic Controllers Association (NATCA) — supports this legislation. Our labor union is proud to represent nearly 20,000 highly skilled air traffic controllers, engineers, and other aviation safety-related professionals nationally, and 269 members in Mich. NATCA has advocated for a stable, predictable funding stream to operate and improve America’s airspace system. The U.S. airspace is the busiest in the world. Aviation is vital to our national economy and that of Michigan. This bill would facilitate system and facility modernization and preventative maintenance, allowing the system to continue to grow. It would support essential air traffic control services and protect the air traffic controllers who are the backbone of the system — including their pay, benefits, retirement, and collective bargaining rights. Equally importantly, this bill would allow the U.S. to maintain the safest and most efficient air traffic control system in the world.
Matt Arington
Air traffic control specialist, Detroit Air Traffic Control Tower
Michigan state legislative coordinator, National Air Traffic Controllers Association
Personal attention makes a difference
I second the teaching methods proposed for students who are not on grade level in Rochelle Riley’s recent column on “Lessons in Trust and Hope.” The idea of working with children treating them as individuals, and presenting learning in an exciting and loving way is always successful. Too often children sit side by side at a computer with a tutor and there is little human interaction. Children who have fallen behind in school benefit from teaching where innovative methods are used like the story cubes Riley describes in her article. I am a retired teacher with 33 years of experience. The best and most successful learning model I know of is the personal touch mentioned in “Lessons in Hope and Trust.”
Elizabeth Berg Jachman
Riot not a negative term
I’m disappointed that our politically correct times have come to the point where “riot” is such a perjorative term. At times in history, certain events are understandable, if not justified to a certain extent. The Boston Tea Party, The Bastille, Tianemen Square – perhaps none of these events were protracted and planned. They may have been more spontaneous and fed by pent up rage and injustice. Had they been more organized and proscribed, perhaps they could then be considered “rebellions”. The fact that the ’67 “riots” were fueled by injustice, de facto segregation, and years of discrimination should not make terminology like “riot” a negative political term.
John H. Jarpe
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US Patents/Apps
Reprogramming of adult or neonic stem cells and methods of use
United States Patent Application 20070025973
The present invention relates to methods of reprogramming adult stem cells or stem cells obtained from umbilical or placental cord blood or more preferably, the placeta or umbilical cord tissue itself or the amniotic fluid or amnion. The resulting stem cells and methods of using these stem cells represent additional aspects of the present invention. Stem cells according to the present invention, especially neonic stem cells (those obtained/reprogrammed from neonate stem cells), represent great potential in duplicating embryonic stem cell research without utilizing embryonic stems cells which have raised ethical and moral issues. The stem cells of the present invention which are reprogrammed are obtained from adults or from neonates without causing injury or death to a fetus in the case of embryonic stem cells and are non-controversial. In this sense, the present invention avoids many of the legal, ethical or moral considerations which have complicated the use of embryonic stem cells.
Fitzsimmons, Frederick J. (Wilmette, IL, US)
Richard, Daniel D. (Boynton Beach, FL, US)
Primary Class:
Other Classes:
A61K35/14; A61K35/545; C12N5/074
View Patent Images:
Download PDF 20070025973
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20030091556 Methods of inhibiting tumor growth and angiogenesis with anastellin May, 2003 Ruoslahti et al.
Primary Examiner:
SAJJADI, FEREYDOUN GHOTB
COSUD INTELLECTUAL PROPERTY SOLUTIONS, P.C. (BRIDGEPORT, CT, US)
1. Reprogrammed stem cells obtained by exposing adult pluripotent stem or progenitor cells or pluripotent stem or progenitor cells obtained from placental or umbilical cord tissue or placental or umbilical cord blood or amniotic fluid or amnion exposed to a. an effective amount of embryonic stem cell medium or b. a denucleation procedure to remove nuclear DNA from said stem cell followed by introduction of nuclear material from a cell of a patient to be treated.
2. The reprogrammed stem cells of claim 1 wherein said introduction occurs by fusing a patient cell with a denucleated stem cell.
3. The reprogrammed stem cells of claim 1 obtained by exposing stem cells from umbilical cord tissue to a denucleation procedure followed by introducing nuclear material from a patient cell.
4. The reprogrammed stem cells of claim 1 obtained by exposing stem cells from umbilical cord or placental blood to a denucleation procedure followed by introducing nuclear material from an adult cell into said denucleated stem cell.
5. The reprogrammed stems cells of claim 1 obtained by exposing stem cells from amniotic fluid or amnion to a denucleation procedure followed by introducing nuclear material from an adult cell into said denucleated cell.
6. The reprogrammed stem cells of claim 1 wherein said embryonic stem cell medium is a minimum essential medium further comprising at least one growth factor, glucose, non-essential amino acids, insulin and transferrin.
7. The reprogrammed cells of claim 6 wherein said growth factor is fibroblast growth factor, transforming growth factor beta or mixtures thereof and said medium further comprises at least one additional component selected from the group consisting gamma amino butyric acid, pipecholic acid, lithium and mixtures thereof.
8. A method of reprogramming stem cells to produce non-controversial stem cells said method comprising: a. providing a sample comprising at least one stem cell obtained from an adult, from placental umbilical cord tissue or from umbilical cord or placental blood or from amniotic fluid or amnion tissue; and b. exposing said sample to an effective amount of embryonic stem cell medium.
9. The method according to claim 8 wherein said sample in step a is obtained from placenta or umbilical cord tissue.
10. The method according to claim 8 wherein said sample in step a is obtained from umbilical cord or placental blood.
11. The method according to claim 8 wherein said sample in step a is obtained from amniotic fluid or amnion tissue.
12. The method according to claim 8 wherein said embryonic stem cell medium is a minimum essential medium further comprising at least one growth factor, glucose, non-essential amino acids, insulin and transferrin.
13. The method according to claim 12 wherein said growth factor is fibroblast growth factor, transforming growth factor beta or mixtures thereof and said medium further comprises at least one additional component selected from the group consisting gamma amino butyric acid, pipecholic acid, lithium and mixtures thereof.
14. The method according to claim 13 wherein said growth factor is a mixture of fibroblast growth factor and transforming growth factor beta.
15. A method of reprogramming stem cells to produce non-controversial stem cells said method comprising: a. providing a sample comprising at least one stem cell obtained from an adult, from placental or umbilical cord tissue or from umbilical cord or placental blood, or from amniotic fluid or amnion tissue; b. denucleating said stem cell from step a; and c. introducing DNA from a patient into said denucleated stem cell.
16. The method according to claim 15 wherein said sample in step a is obtained from placental or umbilical cord tissue.
19. The method according to claim 15 wherein said denucleating step occurs by centrifugation.
20. The method according to claim 15 wherein said DNA is introduced into said denucleated stem cell by fusion with a cell from a patient to be treated.
21. A method of treating a patient for a disease state or condition treatable with stem cells, said method comprising administering to said patient effective amounts of reprogrammed stem cells according to claim 1.
22. The method according to claim 21 wherein said disease state or condition is cancer.
23. The method according to claim 22 wherein said cancer is leukemia.
24. The method according to claim 21 wherein said disease state or condition is a neurodegenerative disorder, a brain or spinal cord injury or a neurological deficit.
25. The method according to claim 21 wherein said disease state or condition is Parkinson's disease, Huntington's disease, multiple sclerosis (MS), Alzheimer's disease, Tay Sach's disease, lysosomal storage disease, or a brain or spinal cord injury.
26. A method of effecting hematopoietic reconstitution in a patient in need thereof, comprising administering to said patient an effective amount of reprogrammed stem cells according to claim 1.
27. The method according to claim 26 wherein the patient has an HIV infection or AIDS.
This application claims the benefit of priority of U.S. Provisional Application Ser. No. 60/703,834, filed Jul. 29, 2005, and U.S. Provisional Application Ser. No. 60/733,324, filed Nov. 3, 2005, entitled “Reprogramming of Adult or Neonic Stem Cells and Methods of Use”, both of which applications are incorporated by reference herein in their entirety.
The present invention relates to methods of reprogramming adult stem cells or stem cells obtained from umbilical or placental cord blood or more preferably, the umbilical cord and placenta tissue and amniotic fluid and the amnion itself. The resulting stem cells, called neonic stem cells and methods of using these stem cells represent additional aspects of the present invention. Stem cells according to the present invention, especially neonic stem cells, represent great potential in duplicating embryonic stem cell research without utilizing embryonic stems cells which have raised ethical and moral issues. The stems cells of the present invention which are reprogrammed are obtained from adults or from neonates without causing injury or death to a fetus in the case of embryonic stem cells. In this sense, the present invention avoids many of the legal, ethical or moral considerations which have complicated the use of embryonic stem cells.
The use of stem cells to provide therapeutic advances against numerous disease states and conditions represents an ongoing therapeutic potential. For example, studies are ongoing to use stem cells in hematopoietic reconstitution, to treat cancer, to treat neurodegenerative diseases, to provide organs for transplants, to perform bone marrow transplants, to provide for neurotransplantation, cardiovascular transplantation, for gene therapy, etc. It is believed that the use of stem cells represents a promising approach given the ability of these cells to differentiate into various and diverse specific types of cells such as bone marrow, neuronal, cardiovascular, etc. To date, much of this work has centered on the use of embryonic stem cells to provide treatments for a variety of diseases. Adult stem cells as well as umbilical cord blood stem cells are also being investigated for these purposes.
Currently established human ES cell lines are derived from the inner cell mass of a human blastocyst. The blastocyst is the first stage of embryo differentiation. Typically, day-5 blastocysts are used to derive ES cell cultures. A normal day-5 human embryo in vitro consists of between 200 to 250 cells. A majority of these cells contribute to the trophectoderm. In order to derive ES cell cultures, the trophectoderm is removed, either by microsurgery or immunosurgery (antibodies used to free the inner cell mass). At this stage of development, the inner cell mass is composed of between 30 to 34 cells. (Bongso, A Handbook on Blastocyst Culture, Singpore: 1999).
By way of background, after a human oocyte is fertilized in vitro by a sperm cell, the following events occur according to a fairly predictable time line. Day 1 is approximately 18-24 hours following in vitro fertilization or intracytoplasmic sperm injection. By Day 2, approximately 24-25 hours post fertilization, the zygote undergoes the first cleavage to produce a 2-cell embryo. By Day 3, the embryo reaches the 8-cell stage known as the morula, an early stage of embryo development characterized by equal and pluripotent blastomeres. During the morula stage, the genome of the embryo begins to control its own development. Any maternal influences from the presence of mRNA and proteins in the oocyte cytoplasm are significantly reduced. By Day 4, the cells of the embryo adhere tightly to each other through a process called compaction. By Day 5, the cavity of the blastocyst is complete and the inner cell mass begins to separate from the outer layer or trophectoderm that surrounds the blastocyst. This is the first observable sign of cell differentiation in the embryo.
An advantage of the use of blastomeres, or cells taken from the morula stage embryo, in the present invention, is that the blastomeres differ from the cells from the inner cell mass (ICM) of the blastocyst, both in size of the adjacent cytoplasm and gene pattern expression. Upon removal of the zona pellucida from the morula, all cells are pluripotent, meaning they retain the ability to produce a variety of differentiated cells. Morula derived ES cells have potential to be more pluripotent than ES cells established from the ICM of a blastocyst. The transcription factor is considered a marker for pluripotency of stem cells and is first detected in the nuclei of cell morula, increasing in early blastocysts, and declines in late blastocysts, in which most protein is confined to the inner cell mass (ICM) region. (Liu, “Effect of Ploidy and Parentl Genome Composition on Expression of Oct-4 Protein in Mouse Embryos” Gene Expr. Patterns. 2004 July: 4(4): 433-41). Isolated prior to the onset of embryonic differentiation, morula derived ES cells tend to have less spontaneous differentiation, because they were isolated prior to first differentiation, whereas ES cells established from the ICM of blastocysts have already proceeded with differentiation. With the exception of humans, morula derived ES cells have been established in various other species, such as mouse, mink, and bovine. (Eistetter, “Pluripotent Embryonal Stem Cells can be Established from Disaggregated Mouse Morulae” Devel. Growth and Diff. 31, 275-282; Sukoyan, M. A.; Vatolin, S. Y.; Golubitsa, A. N.; Zhelezova, A. I.; Semenova, L. A.; Serov, O. L.; Embryonic Stem Cells Derived from Morulae, Inner Cell Mass, and Blastocysts of Mink: Comparisons of their Pluripotencies, Mol. Reprod. Dev. 1993 October 36(2): 148-58; Stice, S. L.; Strelchenko, N. S.; Keefer, C. L.; Matthews, L.; Pluripotent Bovine Embryonic Stem Cell Lines Direct Embryonic Developments Following Nuclear Transfer, Biol Reprod. 1996 January; 54(1): 100-110; Strelchenko, N.; Stice, S.; WO 95/16770, Ungulate Preblastocyst Derived Embryonic Stem Cells and thereof to Produce Cloned Transgenic and Chimeric Ungulates). While, this approach produces cells which are more pluripotent than cells derived from the blastocyst stage, making the present ES cell lines highly useful in cell therapy, moral, ethical and legal issues remain.
Work has recently been performed using stem cells obtained from bone marrow to provide neural cells which can be used in neuronal transplantation. See WO 99/56759. This patent represented the culmination of more than 130 years of work in the use of bone marrow stem cells for non-hematopoietic uses.
Several groups of investigators since 1990 have attempted to prepare more homogenous populations of stem cells from bone marrow. For example, U.S. Pat. No. 5,087,570, issued Feb. 11, 1992, discloses how to isolate homogeneous mammalian hematopoietic stem cell compositions. Concentrated hematopoietic stem cell compositions are substantially free of differentiated or dedicated hematopoietic cells. The desired cells are obtained by subtraction of other cells having particular markers. The resulting composition may be used to provide for individual or groups of hematopoietic lineages, to reconstitute stem cells of the host, and to identify an assay for a wide variety of hematopoietic growth factors.
U.S. Pat. No. 5,633,426 issued May 27, 1997, is another example of the differentiation and production of hematopoietic cells. Chimeric immunocompromised mice are given human bone marrow of at least 4 weeks from the time of implantation. The bone marrow assumed the normal population of bone marrow except for erythrocytes. These mice with human bone marrow may be used to study the effect of various agents on the proliferation and differentiation of human hematopoietic cells.
U.S. Pat. No. 5,665,557, issued Sep. 9, 1997, relates to methods of obtaining concentrated hematopoietic stem cells by separating out an enriched fraction of cells expressing the marker CDw 109. Methods of obtaining compositions enriched in hematopoietic megakaryocyte progenitor cells are also provided. Compositions enriched for stem cells and populations of cells obtained therefrom are also provided by the invention. Methods of use of the cells are also included.
U.S. Pat. No. 5,453,505 issued on Jun. 5, 1995, is yet another method of differentiation. Primordial tissue is introduced into immunodeficient hosts, where the primordial tissue develops and differentiates. The chimeric host allows for investigation of the processes and development of the xenogeneic tissue, testing for the effects of various agents on the growth and differentiation of the tissue, as well as identification of agents involved with the growth and differentiation.
U.S. Pat. No. 5,753,505 issued May 19, 1998, provides an isolated cellular composition comprising greater than about 90% mammalian, non-tumor-derived, neuronal progenitor cells which express a neuron-specific marker and which can give rise to progeny which can differentiate into neuronal cells. Also provided are methods of treating neuronal disorders utilizing this cellular composition.
U.S. Pat. No. 5,759,793 issued Aug. 6, 1996, provides a method for both the positive and negative selection of at least one mammalian cell population from a mixture of cell populations utilizing a magnetically stabilized fluidized bed. One application of this method is the separation and purification of hematopoietic cells. Target cell populations include human stem cells.
U.S. Pat. No. 5,789,148 issued Aug. 4, 1998, discloses a kit, composition and method for cell separation. The kit includes a centrifugable container and an organosilanized silica particle-based cell separation suspension suitable for density gradient separation, containing a polylactam and sterilized by treatment with ionizing radiation. The composition includes a silanized silica particle-based suspension for cell separation which contains at least 0.05% of a polylactam. and preferably treated by ionizing radiation. Also disclosed is a method of isolating rare blood cells from a blood cell mixture.
Within the past several years, mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) have been explored as vehicles for both cell therapy and gene therapy. The cells are relatively easy to isolate from the small aspirates of bone marrow that can be obtained under local anesthesia: they are also relatively easy to expand in culture and to transfect with exogenous genes. Prockop, D. J. Science 26: 71-74 (1997). Therefore, MSCs appear to have several advantages over hematopoietic stem cells (HMCs) for use in gene therapy. The isolation of adequate numbers of HSCs requires large volumes of marrow (1 liter or more), and the cells are difficult to expand in culture. (Prockop, io D. J. (ibid.)).
There are several sources for bone marrow tissue, including the patient's own bone marrow, that of blood relatives or others with MHC matches and bone marrow banks. There are several patents that encompass this source. U.S. Pat. No. 5,476,997 issued May 17, 1994, discloses a method of producing human bone marrow equivalent. A human hematopoietic system is provided in an immunocompromised mammalian host, where the hematopoietic system is functional for extended periods of time. In this method, human fetal liver tissue and human fetal thymus are introduced into a young immunocompromised mouse at a site supplied with a vascular system, whereby the fetal tissue results in formation of functional human bone marrow tissue.
Human fetal tissue also represents a source of implantable neurons, but its use is quite controversial. U.S. Pat. No. 5,690,927 issued Nov. 25, 1997, also utilizes human fetal tissue. Human fetal neuro-derived cell lines are implanted into host tissues. The methods allow for treatment of a variety of neurological disorders and other diseases.
U.S. Pat. No. 5,753,491, issued May 19, 1998, discloses methods for treating a host by implanting genetically unrelated cells in the host. More particularly, the present invention provides human fetal neuro-derived cell lines, and methods of treating a host by implantation of these immortalized human fetal neuro-derived cells into the host. One source is the mouse, which is included in the U.S. Pat. No. 5,580,777 issued Dec. 3, 1996. This patent features a method for the in vitro production of lines of immortalized neural precursor cells, including cell lines having neuronal and/or glial cell characteristics, comprises the step of infecting neuroepithelium or neural crest cells with a retroviral vector carrying a member of the myc family of oncogenes.
U.S. Pat. No. 5,753,506 issued May 19, 1998, reveals an in vitro procedure by which a homogeneous population of multipotential precursor cells from mammalian embryonic neuroepithelium (CNS stem cells) is expanded up to 10 fold in culture while maintaining their multipotential capacity to differentiate into neurons, oligodendrocytes, and astrocytes. Chemical conditions are presented for expanding a large number of neurons from the stem cells. In addition, four factors—PDGF, CNTF, LIF, and T3—have been identified which, individually, generate significantly higher proportions of neurons, astrocytes, or oligodendrocytes. These procedures are intended to permit a large-scale preparation of the mammalian CNS stem cells, neurons, astrocytes, and oligodendrocytes. These cells are proposed as an important tool for many cell- and gene-based therapies for neurological disorders. Another source of stem cells is that of primate embryonic stem cells. U.S. Pat. No. 5,843,780 issued Dec. 1, 1998, utilizes these stem cells. A purified preparation of stem cells is disclosed. This preparation is characterized by the following cell surface markers: SSEA-I (−); SSEA-3 (+), TRA-1-60 (+); TRA-1-81 (+); and alkaline phosphatase (+). In one embodiment, the cells of the preparation have normal karyotypes and continue to proliferate in an undifferentiated state after continuous culture for eleven months. The embryonic stem cells lines are also described as retaining the ability to form trophoblasts and to differentiate into tissues derived from all three embryonic germ layers (endoderm, mesoderm and ectoderm). A method for isolating a primate embryonic stem cell line is also disclosed in the patent.
There is substantial evidence in both animal models and human patients that stem cell transplantation is a scientifically feasible and clinically promising approach to the treatment of neurodegenerative diseases and stroke as well as for repair of traumatic injuries to brain and spinal cord. Nevertheless, alternative cell sources and novel strategies for differentiation are needed to circumvent the numerous ethical and technical constraints that now limit the widespread use of neural transplantation. In short, there is a need for further development of readily available reliable sources of neural cells for transplantation.
The use of umbilical cord blood for use in hematopoietic reconsitution has been around since the work of Ende in the early 1970's. Because umbilical cord blood is rich in hematopoietic precursors, including stem cells, it represents a good source of cells for hematopoietic reconstitution. To date, however, little work has been done on using pluripotential stem cells or related neural precursors which are found in umbilical cord blood for neuronal transplantion perhaps because of the failure to realize the viable source of neuronal precursors which can be found in umbilical cord blood.
Human cord and placental blood provides a rich source of hematopoietic and other stem cells. On the basis of this finding, umbilical cord blood stem cells have been used to reconstitute hematopoiesis in children with malignant and nonmalignant diseases after treatment with myeloablative doses of chemoradiotherapy. Sirchia and Rebulla, 1999 Haematoloica 84:738-47. Early results show that a single cord blood sample provides enough hematopoietic stem cells to provide short- and long-term engraftment, and that the incidence and severity of graft-versus-host disease has been low even in HLA-mismatched transplants. These results, together with our previous discovery that bone marrow cells contain stem cells capable of differentiating into neurons and glia, led to the present invention which uses cord blood or mononuclear cell fractions thereof to repair neuronal damage in brain and spinal cord. Sanchez-Ramos, et al. 1998. Movement Disorders 13(s2): 122 and Sanchez-Ramos, et al., (2000) Exp. Neurol.
Thus, the art shows the reality and potential for the use of stem cells in treating a host of disease states and conditions. Embryonic stem cells have been posited as being particularly appropriate for being used in many of these therapies, primarily because embryonic stem cells are viewed as being very early in development and consequently, their early stage development allows for great diversity in differentiation passed through generations. However, the use of embryonic stem cells creates moral and ethical dilemmas because the basic technology requires a supply of stem cells from embryos, a supply which often results in the death of the embryo. The present invention relates to non-controversial stem cells which are reprogrammed to function as substitutes for controversial embryonic stem cells.
BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION
The present invention relates to the discovery that non-controversial stem cells which are obtained from adults (adult stem cells) or from umbilical cords or umbilical cord/placental blood, or placental tissue, amniotic fluid or amnion are capable of being reprogrammed and used as substitute stem cells for controversial embryonic stem cells.
In this first aspect of the present invention, human adult stem cells or alternatively, stem cells obtained from otherwise discarded umbilical cords themselves or alternatively, umbilical cord or placental blood, placental tissue, amniotic fluid or amnion, which is obtained after and as a consequence of the delivery of a baby, may be reprogrammed to produce cells which may be used in autologous and/or allogeneic procedures. The resulting stem cells, which have characteristics consistent with autologous embryonic stem cells, may develop and differentiate into any type of cell useful for treatment.
In preferred aspects of the present invention, the reprogrammed stem cells which were obtained directly from the umbilical cord itself or the blood of the umbilical cord or placenta, placental tissue, amniotic fluid or amnion are referred to as “neonic” stem cells. These stem cells, due to the reprogramming, are autologous to the source cells, as a consequence of reprogramming that simply creates embryonic stem cells from those original stem cells through exposure to a cell medium which is consistent with the makeup of the cytosol from embryonic stem cells, or alternatively, by fusing genetic material from an adult stem cell (or other adult cell) with a denucleated stem cell obtained room the umbilical cord, or umbilical or placental blood or placental tissue, amniotic fluid or amnion to produce a neonic stem cell. The resulting reprogrammed stem cells are autologous to the host from which the reprogramming nuclear material came from and have similar characteristics with embryonic stem cells. An exciting feature of these neonic stem cells is the fact that these stem cells have characteristics consistent with embryonic stem cells, can be developed or differentiated into virtually any other cell used in treatment and this result can be obtained without the moral, legal or ethical dilemmas posed by the use of traditional embryonic stem cells.
The present invention also relates to methods of reprogramming stem cells to produce early stage stem cells which are similar in characteristics to embryonic stem cells. In a first method, human adult stem cells which may be obtained from any adult source or stem cells which are obtained directly from umbilical cords themselves or from umbilical cord or placental blood, placental tissue, amniotic fluid or amnion are exposed to an effective concentration of cellular medium (embryonic stem cell medium) which contains growth factors and related nutrients of the cytosol of embryonic stem cells. In this method, the isolated stem cells are exposed to embryonic stem cell medium in an amount and for a period (preferably, at least through one generation of development, more preferably at least two or three generations of development) and then are isolated as reprogrammed stem cells. In the case of adult stem cells, these cells may obtain characteristics which are unexpectedly close to the phenotypic characteristics of embryonic stem cells. In the case of neonic stem cells (i.e. those stem cells which are obtained from umbilical cords or umbilical cord or placental blood, placental tissue, amniotic fluid or amnion and reprogrammed), these are phenotypically very close to embryonic stem cells.
In a second method aspect of the present invention, pluripotent stem cells obtained from umbilical cords directly, or from umbilical cord or placental blood, placental tissue, amniotic fluid or the amnion itself are first denucleated (using a centrifugation step to remove the DNA material from the cells) and then the denucleated cells are fused with cells or genetic material taken from an individual to be treated, for example a child or an adult, preferably, but not necessarily stem cells of that individual. These fused or hybrid cells obtain characteristics which are consistent with the phenotype of the pluripotent stem cells and act as pluripotent stem cells, but are autologous to the patient (have the same genotype as the individual from whom the nuclear material was taken and fused with the stem cell). The resulting hybrid stem cell or neonic stem cell may thereafter be used as a replacement for embryonic stem cells, but with the added benefit that the neonic stem cells also are essentially genotypically identical to the individual from whom the genetic material was taken and fused with the pluripotent stem cell. This results in a non-controversial stem cell which acts similar to an embryonic stem cell, limits or avoids unfavorable immunogenic responses because the stem cells are autologous (genetically identical to the host or patient) cells). Note that this approach may be taken with pluripotent stem cells or progenitor cells in order to create stem cells or progenitor cells which are particularly useful for therapy in an individual.
The reprogrammed stem cells which are obtained using the nuclear fusion technique may also be exposed to embryonic stem cell medium as discussed above in order to further reprogram the neonic cells to a level which is even closer phenotypically to an embryonic stem cell.
The reprogrammed stem cells of the present invention may be used directly in therapeutic methods for treating a variety of disease states and conditions or alternatively, these stem cells may be further differentiated into later stage (further developed) stem or progenitor cells and those differentiated cells used in therapeutic methods.
In another aspect of the present invention, there is presented a method for obtaining pluripotent stem cells from umbilical cord or placenta blood or from the umbilical cord itself, placental tissue, amniotic fluid or amnion and then exposing the stem cells to cytosolic stem cell medium, the method comprising the steps of obtaining an umbilical cord or umbilical cord or placenta blood, placental tissue, amniotic fluid or amnion, selecting pluripotential stem cells or progenitor cells from those samples and incubating the umbilical cord, placental tissue, amniotic fluid or amnion derived stem cells or progenitor cells with a cytosolic stem cell medium to reprogram the cells to a condition which is in an early stage of development and consistent with characteristics of embryonic stem cells cells to produce a population of stems cells which may be further differentiated into numerous and varied other cells, which are capable of being transplanted or used to treat disease states. The steps of the method may also be changed such that all of the cells (for example, from the umbilical cord itself, an umbilical or placental blood and/or placental tissue, amniotic fluid or amnion sample or a mononuclear cell fraction thereof) are incubated with a differentiation agent prior to separation of the neonic (reprogrammed) stem cells.
The method of the present invention may include the step of separating the pluripotential stem cells from a population of mononuclear cells obtained from the umbilical cord, umbilical cord blood, placental blood, placental tissue, amniotic fluid or amnion using a magnetic cell separator to separate out all cells which contain a CD or other marker reflective of a cell other than a pluripotent stem cell, and then expanding the cells which do not contain a marker in an embryonic stem cell medium. In the present method, the separation and incubation (differentiation) steps, may be interchanged.
Alternatively, an enriched cell population of pluripotent stem cells may be obtained from a population of mononuclear cells obtained from umbilical tissue, umbilical cord or placental blood, placental tissue, amniotic fluid or amnion by subjecting the mononuclear population to an amount of an anti-proliferative agent (such as Ara-C [cytidine arabinoside] or methotrexate, among others) effective to eliminate all or substantially all proliferating cells and then exposing the remaining non-proliferating cells to a mitogen such as epidermal growth factor or other mitogen (including other growth factors) to provide a population of differentiated cells and quiescent cells (pluripotent stem cells) which population is grown in embryonic stem cell medium such that the quiescent cells are concentrated in the cell population to greatly outnumber the differentiated cells. These resulting reprogrammed stem cells are neonic stem cells.
These same methods may be applied to human adult stem cells, with the procedure simply involving obtaining and isolating human adult stem cells, from, for example, skin, adipose, nasal, bone marrow, peripheral blood, liver, pancreas, testicles, teeth, or other tissue, preferably, although not exclusively, using non-invasive techniques, and then growing the stem cells through at least one generation, preferably at least two or three generations in embryonic stem cell medium to provide reprogrammed adult stem cells, which have phenotypic characteristics similar to embryonic stem cells.
The neonic pluripotent stem cells obtained may then be grown in a cell medium containing a differentiation agent as generally described in the art in order to change the phenotype of the stem and/or progenitor cells to neuronal and/or glial cells, organ tissue, cardiovascular cells which may be used in transplantation procedures or to treat numerous disease states directly without further purification.
The adult stem cells from any adult source, or umbilical or placental tissue, umbilical cord or placental blood, amniotic fluid or amnion sample from which the pluripotent stem and/or progenitor cells are obtained may be a fresh adult source of blood or tissue, fresh umbilical or placental tissue, or fresh umbilical cord or placental blood, or fresh cells from amniotic fluid or amnion, or reconstituted cryopreserved adult blood or tissue, umbilical cord or placental tissue, or umbilical cord or placenta blood, amniotic fluid or amnion cells or a fresh or reconstituted cryopreserved mononuclear fraction thereof.
The reprogrammed stem cells of the present invention may be used to treat cancer, including leukemia, among numerous others, a varity of neurodegenerative diseases including, for example, a neurodegenerative disorder or a brain or spinal cord injury or neurological deficit including, for example, Parkinson's disease, Huntington's disease, multiple sclerosis (MS), Alzheimer's disease, Tay Sach's disease (beta hexosamimidase deficiency), lysosomal storage disease, brain and/or spinal cord injury occurring due to ischemia, spinal cord and brain damage/injury, ataxia and alcoholism, among others, including a number which are otherwise described herein. Using the stem cells according to the invention to differentiate and grow into autologous tissues, including skin and other organs is another aspect of the present invention. Effecting hematopoietic reconstitution, to treat HIV and AIDS and other viral diseases, represents a further aspect of the invention. The use of the present reprogrammed stem cells in gene therapy represents an additional aspect of the invention.
The present invention is also directed to a method of treating neurological damage in the brain or spinal cord which occurs as a consequence of genetic defect, physical injury, environmental insult or damage from a stroke, heart attack or cardiovascular disease (most often due to ischemia) in a patient, the method comprising administering (including transplanting), an effective number or amount of neural cells and/or other cells obtained from any adult source, or umbilical cord blood, placental blood, the umbilical cord or placenta, amniotic fluid or amnion, including reconstituted cryopreserved cells and/or tissue, to said patient, including directly into the affected tissue of the patient's brain or spinal cord. Administering cells according to the present invention to a patient and allowing the cells to migrate to the appropriate site within the central nervous system and/or other body sites is another aspect of the present invention.
The following definitions are used throughout the specification to describe the present invention.
The term “patient” is used throughout the specification to describe an animal, preferably a human and/or other mammal, to whom treatment, including prophylactic treatment, with the stem cells according to the present invention, is provided. For treatment of those infections, conditions or disease states which are specific for a specific animal such as a human patient and/or other mammal, the term patient refers to that specific animal. The term “donor” is used to describe an individual (animal, including a human or other mammal) who or which donates stems cells from umbilical cords, or umbilical cord or placental blood, placental or other birth tissue, amnion tissue, amniotic tissue and/or other birth fluids for use in a patient.
The term “umbilical cord tissue”, “umbilical cord blood” or “cord blood”, “placental tissue”, “placental blood”, “amniotic fluid/cells” and “amnion/cells” is used throughout the specification to refer to tissue, cells or blood obtained from a neonate or fetus, most preferably a neonate and preferably refers to tissue and/or blood which cells or fluid is obtained from the umbilical cord, placenta or birth tissue, amnion tissue, amniotic fluid and/or other fluids of newborns. The use of cord, placental and/or amnion tissue, amnion fluid or cord or placental blood as a source of mononuclear cells is advantageous because it can be obtained relatively easily and without trauma to the donor. In contrast, the collection of bone marrow cells from a donor is a traumatic experience. Cells from the placenta and umbilical cord tissue, placental and cord blood, amniotic fluid or amnion cells can be used for autologous transplantation or allogenic transplantation, when and if needed. Pluripotent stem cells present in placental and umbilical cord blood, cord tissue, placental tissue and amniotic fluid or amnion are isolated and used in the present invention. Placeta, umbilical cord and amnion tissue is dissected and placental or cord blood is preferably obtained by direct drainage from the cord and/or by needle aspiration or other methods from the delivered placenta at the root and at distended veins, and amniotic fluid and cells are preferably obtained by direct drainage from the amniotic sac and/or by needle aspiration and/or other collection methods from the amniotic sac.
The term “effective amount” is used throughout the specification to describe concentrations or amounts of components such as differentiation agents, mitogens, stem cells, or other agents which are effective for producing an intended result including reprogramming stem cells, differentiating stem and/or progenitor cells into other cells such as neural, neuronal and/or glial cells, or effecting gene therapy, treating a cancer, a neurodegenerative disease or other neurological disease or condition including damage to the central nervous system of a patient, such as a stroke, heart attack or accident victim or for effecting a transplantation of those cells within the patient to be treated. Compositions according to the present invention may be used to effect hematopoetic reconstitution or a transplantation of neural or other cells obtained from the reprogrammed pluripotent stem cells within the composition to produce a favorable change in the brain or spinal cord, or in the disease or condition treated, whether that change is an improvement (such as stopping or reversing the degeneration of a disease or condition, reducing a neurological deficit or improving a neurological or other response) or a complete cure of the disease or condition treated.
The term “neural cells” are cells having at least an indication of neuronal or glial phenotype, such as staining for one or more neuronal or glial markers or which will differentiate into cells exhibiting neuronal or glial markers. Neural stem cells are cells with the ability to proliferate, exhibit self-maintenance or renewal over the life-time of the organism and to generate clonally related neural progeny. Neural stem cells give rise to neurons, astrocytes and oligodendrocytes during development and can replace a number of neural cells in the adult brain. Neural stem cells are neural cells for purposes of the present invention. The terms “neural cells” and “neuronal cells” are generally used interchangeably in many aspects of the present invention.
The term “administration” or “administering” is used throughout the specification to describe the process by which reprogrammed stem cells according to the present invention are delivered to a patient for treatment purposes. Reprogrammed stem cells may be administered a number of ways including parenteral (such term referring to intravenous and intraarterial as well as other appropriate parenteral routes), intrathecal, intraventricular, intraparenchymal (including into the spinal cord, brainstem or motor cortex), intracisternal, intracranial, intrastriatal, and intranigral, among others which term allows the cells to migrate to the site where needed. Reprogrammed stem cells may be administered in the form of whole cord blood or a fraction thereof (such term including a mononuclear fraction thereof or a fraction of stem cells, including a high concentration of stem cells). The compositions according to the present invention may be used without treatment with a differentiation agent (“untreated”, i.e., without further treatment in order to promote differentiation of cells within the stem cell sample) or after treatment (“treated”) with a differentiation agent or other agent which causes certain pluripotential stem and/or progenitor cells within the cord blood sample to differentiate into cells exhibiting a favorable phenotype. Administration will often depend upon the disease or condition treated and may preferably be via a parenteral route, for example, intravenously, by administration into the cerebral spinal fluid or by direct administration into the affected tissue in the brain or other body site. For example, in the case of Alzheimer's disease, Huntington's disease and Parkinson's disease, the preferred route of administration will be a transplant directly into the striatum (caudate cutamen) or directly into the substantia nigra (Parkinson's disease). In the case of amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (Lou Gehrig's disease) and multiple sclerosis, the preferred administration is through the cerebrospinal fluid. In the case of lysosomal storage disease, the preferred route of administration is via an intravenous route or through the cerebrospinal fluid. In the case of stroke, the preferred route of administration will depend upon where the stroke is, but will often be directly into the affected tissue (which may be readily determined using MRI or other imaging techniques). In the case of heart disease, the method of administration may be by direct infusion into the affected area, or it may be by the intravenous route to allow transmigration through the circulatory system and “homing” to the affected site.
The terms “grafting” and “transplanting” and “graft” and “transplantation” are used throughout the specification synonymously to describe the process by which neural and/or neuronal or other cells according to the present invention are delivered to the site within the nervous or other body system where the cells are intended to exhibit a favorable effect, such as repairing damage to a patient's central nervous system, treating a neurodegenerative disease or treating the effects of nerve, muscle and/or other damage caused by stroke, cardiovascular disease, a heart attack or physical injury or trauma or genetic damage or environmental insult to the brain and/or spinal cord or other body site(s), caused by, for example, disease, an accident or other activity. Neural and other cells for use in the present invention may also be delivered in a remote area of the body by any mode of administration as described above, relying on cellular migration to the appropriate area in the central nervous system or other body system to effect transplantation.
The term “essentially” is used to describe a population of cells or a method which is at least 95+% effective, more preferably at least about 98% effective and even more preferably at least 99% effective. Thus, a method which “essentially” eliminates a given cell population, eliminates at least about 95+% of the targeted cell population, most preferably at least about 99% of the cell population. Neural cells according to the present invention, in certain preferred embodiments, are essentially free of hematopoietic cells (i.e., the CD34+cellular component of the mononuclear cell fragment).
The term “non-tumorigenic” refers to the fact that the cells do not give rise to a neoplasm or tumor. Stem and/or progenitor cells for use in the present invention are generally free from neoplasia and cancer.
The term “cell medium” or “cell media” is used to describe a cellular growth medium in which stem cells or other cells are grown. Embryonic stem cell medium comprises at least a minimum essential medium plus optional agents such as growth factors, glucose, non-essential amino acids, insulin, transferrin and other agents well known in the art. The embryonic stem cell medium of the present invention also contains nutrients and factors which are consistent with their existence in the cytosol of a typical embryonic stem cell. In certain embodiments at least one differentiation agent may be added to the cell media to promote differentiation of certain cells within the mononuclear fraction. Exemplary media which may be used to produce neonic cells according to the present invention include, for example, in addition to the above components, one or more of fibroblast growth factor, gamma amino butyric acid, pipecholic acid, lithium and transforming growth factor beta as described in United States patent application publication no. 20060084168, relevant portions of which are incorporated by reference herein.
One of ordinary skill will readily recognize that any number of cellular media may be used to grow mononuclear cell fractions of umbilical cord blood or to provide appropriate neural proliferation media and/or differentiation media.
The term “separation” is used throughout the specification to describe the process by which pluripotent stem and/or progenitor cells are isolated from a mononuclear cell sample or a sample which contains cells other than the desirable stem and/or progenitor cells, for example, umbilical cord blood or other fragment.
The term “mitogen” is used throughout the specification to describe an agent which is added to non-proliferating cells obtained from a mononuclear cell sample in order to produce differentiated cells and quiescent cells (pluripotent stem and/or progenitor cells). A mitogen is a transforming agent which induces mitosis in certain cells other than pluripotent stem and/or progenitor cells obtained from umbilical cord blood. Preferred mitogens for use in the present invention include epidermal growth factor (EGF), among other agents such as the less preferred pokeweed mitogen, which also may be used to induce mitosis. Mitogens are also any one or a combination of a variety of growth factors which have been shown to exert mitogenic actions on neural and mesenchymal precursors. These growth factors are: Epidermal Growth Factor (EGF) family ligands (EGF, Transforming Growth Factor α, amphiregulin, betacellulin, heparin-binding EGF and Heregulin), basic Fibroblastic growth factors (bFGF) and other members of its super-family (FGF1, FGF4), members of Platelet-Derived Growth Factor family (PDGF AA, AB, BB), Interleukins, and members of the Transforming Growth Factor β superfamily.
The term “antiproliferative agent” is used throughout the specification to describe an agent which will prevent the proliferation of cells during methods according to the present invention which enrich pluripotent stem and/or progenitor cells. Exemplary antiproliferative agents include, for example, Ara-C, methotrexate and other proliferative agents. Preferred antiproliferative agents are those agents which limit or prevent the growth of proliferating cells within an umbilical cord blood sample or mononuclear cell fraction thereof so that quiescent stem and/or progenitor cells may be enriched.
The term “differentiation agent” or “neural differentiation agent” is used throughout the specification to describe agents which may be added to cell culture (which term includes any cell culture medium which may be used to grow differentiated cells including neural and/or other cells according to the present invention) containing pluripotent stem and/or progenitor cells which will induce the cells to a desired cellular phenotype. Preferred differentiation agents for use in the present invention include, for example, antioxidants, including retinoic acid, fetal or mature neuronal cells including mesencephalic or striatal cells or a growth factor or cytokine such as brain derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF), glial derived neurotrophic factor (GDNF) and nerve growth factor (NGF) or mixtures, thereof. Additional differentiation agents include, for example, growth factors such as fibroblast growth factor (FGF), transforming growth factors (TGF), ciliary neurotrophic factor (CNTF), bone-morphogenetic proteins (BMP), leukemia inhbitory factor (LIF), glial growth factor (GGF), tumor necrosis factors (TNF), interferon, insulin-like growth factors (IGF), colony stimulating factors (CSF), KIT receptor stem cell factor (KIT-SCF), interferon, triiodothyronine, thyroxine, erythropoietin, thrombopoietin, silencers, (including glial-cell missing, neuron restrictive silencer factor), SHC(SRC-homology-2-domain-containing transforming protein), neuroproteins, proteoglycans, glycoproteins, neural adhesion molecules, and other cell-signalling molecules and mixtures, thereof. Differentiation agents which can be used in the present invention are detailed in “Marrow-mindedness: a perspective on neuropoiesis”, by Bjorn Scheffler, et al., TINS, 22, pp. 348-356 (1999), which is incorporated by reference herein.
The term “neurodegenerative disease” is used throughout the specification to describe a disease which is caused by damage to the central nervous system and which damage can be reduced and/or alleviated through transplantation of neural cells according to the present invention to damaged areas of the brain and/or spinal cord of the patient. Exemplary neurodegenerative diseases which may be treated using the neural cells and methods according to the present invention include for example, Parkinson's disease, Huntington's disease, amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (Lou Gehrig's disease), Alzheimer's disease, lysosomal storage disease (“white matter disease” or gliaudemyelination disease, as described, for example by Folkerth, J. Neuropath. Exp. Neuro., 58, 9, Sep. 1999), Tay Sachs disease (beta hexosamimidase deficiency), other genetic diseases, multiple sclerosis, brain injury or trauma caused by ischemia, accidents, environmental insult, etc., spinal cord damage, ataxia and alcoholism. In addition, the present invention may be used to reduce and/or eliminate the effects on the central nervous system of a stroke or a heart attack in a patient, which is otherwise caused by lack of blood flow or ischemia to a site in the brain of said patient or which has occurred from physical injury to the brain and/or spinal cord. The term neurodegenerative diseases also includes neurodevelopmental disorders including for example, autism and related neurological diseases such as schizophrenia, among numerous others.
Selection of adult stem cells from any adult source, or placental or umbilical cord tissue, umbilical cord or placental blood, amniotic fluid or amnion pluripotential stem and/or progenitor cells according to the present invention can be done in a number of ways. For example, the cells may be selected using, for example a magnetic cell separator (FACS) or other system which removes all cells which contain a CD marker and then the remaining cells may be expanded in growth medium or differentiated in growth medium which includes a differentiation agent. Alternatively, an enriched population of stem and/or progenitor cells may be obtained from a sample of mononuclear cells by subjecting the cells to an agent such as Ara-C or other anti-proliferative agent such as methotrexate, which causes the death of proliferating cells within a sample (the stem and/or progenitor cells are non-proliferating and are unaffected by the agent). The remaining cells may then be grown in a cell culture medium which contains a mitogen to produce a population of differentiated and quiescent cells, which cell population may be further grown to concentrate the quiescent cells to the effective exclusion of the differentiated cells (the quiescent cells in the final cell medium will greatly outnumber the original differentiated cells which do not grow in the medium). The quiescent cells may then be induced to adopt a number of different neural and/or other phenotypes, which cells may be used directly in transplantation.
Additional in vitro differentiation techniques can be adapted through the use of various cell growth factors and co-culturing techniques known in the art. Besides co-culturing with fetal mesencephalic or striatal cells, a variety of other cells can be used, including but not limited to accessory cells, and cells from other portions of the fetal and mature central nervous system.
The term “gene therapy” is used throughout the specification to describe the transfer and stable insertion of new genetic information into cells for the therapeutic treatment of diseases or disorders. The foreign gene is transferred into a cell that proliferates to spread the new gene throughout the cell population. Thus, stem cells, or pluripotent progenitor cells according to the present invention either prior to differentiation or preferably, after differentiation to a neural or other cell phenotype, are the target of gene transfer, since they are proliferative cells that produce various progeny lineages which will potentially express the foreign gene.
The present invention therefore relates to the discovery that non-controversial stem cells which are obtained from adults (adult stem cells) or from placental tissue or umbilical cords or umbilical cord/placental blood amniotic fluid or amnion, are capable of being reprogrammed and used as substitute stem cells for controversial embryonic stem cells. This is an unexpected result.
In this first aspect of the present invention, human adult stem cells or alternatively, stem cells obtained from otherwise discarded placentas or umbilical cords themselves or alternatively, umbilical cord or placental blood or amniotic fluid or amnion, which is obtained after and as a consequence of the delivery of a baby, may be reprogrammed to produce cells which may be used in autologous procedures. The resulting stem cells, which have characteristics consistent with autologous embryonic stem cells, may develop and differentiate into any type of cell useful for treatment.
In preferred aspects of the present invention, the reprogrammed stem cells which were obtained from the placenta or umbilical cord itself or the blood of the umbilical cord or placenta or amniotic fluid or anuion are referred to as “neonic” stem cells. These stem cells, due to the reprogramming, are autologous to the source cells, as a consequence of reprogramming that simply creates embryonic stem cells from those original stem cells through exposure to a cell medium which is consistent with the makeup of the cytosol from embryonic stem cells, or alternatively, by fusing genetic material from an adult stem cell (or other adult cell) with a denucleated stem cell obtained room the placenta or umbilical cord tissue, or umbilical or placental blood or amniotic fluid or amnion to produce a neonic stem cell. The resulting reprogrammed stem cells are autologous to the host from which the reprogramming nuclear material came from and have similar characteristics with embryonic stem cells. An exciting feature of these neonic stem cells is the fact that these stem cells have characteristics consistent with embryonic stem cells, can be developed or differentiated into virtually any other cell used in treatment and this result can be obtained without the moral, legal or ethical dilemmas posed by the use of traditional embryonic stem cells.
The present invention also relates to methods of reprogramming stem cells (from adult stem cells or stem cells obtained from placenta or umbilical cords or umbilical cord or placental blood, amniotic fluid or amnion) to produce early stage stem cells which are similar in characteristics to embryonic stem cells. In a first method, human adult stem cells which may be obtained from any adult source or stem cells which are obtained directly from placenta or umbilical cords themselves or from umbilical cord or placenta blood, amniotic fluid or amnion are exposed to an effective concentration of cellular medium (embryonic stem cell medium) which contains growth factors and related nutrients of the cytosol of embryonic stem cells. In this method, the isolated stem cells are exposed to embryonic stem cell medium in an amount and for a period (preferably, at least through one generation of development, more preferably at least two or three generations or more of development) and then are isolated as reprogrammed stem cells. In the case of adult stem cells, these cells may obtain characteristics which are unexpectedly close to the phenotypic characteristics of embryonic stem cells. In the case of neonic stem cells (i.e. those stem cells which are obtained from placenta or umbilical cords or umbilical cord or placental blood or amniotic fluid or amnion and reprogrammed), these are phenotypically very close to embryonic stem cells.
In a second method aspect of the present invention, pluripotent stem cells obtained from any adult source, or placenta or umbilical cords directly, or from umbilical cord or placental blood or amniotic fluid or amnion are first denucleated (using a centrifugation step to remove the DNA material from the cells) and then the denucleated cells are fused with cells or genetic material taken from an individual to be treated, for example an adult, preferably, but not necessarily stem cells of that individual. These fused or hybrid cells obtain characteristics which are consistent with the phenotype of the pluripotent stem cells and act as pluripotent stem cells, but are autologous to the patient (have the same genotype as the individual from whom the nuclear material was taken and fused with the stem cell). The resulting hybrid stem cell or neonic stem cell may thereafter be used as a replacement for embryonic stem cells, but with the added benefit that the neonic stem cells also are essentially genotypically identical to the individual from whom the genetic material was taken and fused with the pluripotent stem cell. This results in a non-controversial stem cell which acts similar to an embryonic stem cell, limits or avoids unfavorable immunogenic responses because the stem cells are autologous (genetically identical to the host or patient) cells). Note that this approach may be taken with pluripotent stem cells or progenitor cells in order to create stem cells or progenitor cells which are particularly useful for therapy in an individual.
General Methods
Standard molecular biology techniques known in the art and not specifically described are generally followed as in Sambrook et al., Molecular Cloning: A Laboratory Manual, Cold Springs Harbor Laboratory, New York (1989, 1992), and in Ausubel et al., Current Protocols In Molecular Biology, John Wiley and Sons, Baltimore, Md. (1989). Polymerase chain reaction (PCR) is carried out generally as in PCR Protocols: A Guide To Methods and Applications, Academic Press, San Diego, Calif. (1990). Reactions and manipulations involving other nucleic acid techniques, unless stated otherwise, are performed as generally described in Sambrook, et al., 1989, Molecular Cloning: a Laboratory Manual, Cold Springs Harbor Laboratory Press, and methodology as set forth in U.S. Pat. Nos. 4,666,828; 4,683,202, 4,801,531; 5,192,659; and 5,272,057 and incorporated herein by reference. In-situ PCR in combination with Flow Cytometry can be used for detection of cells containing specific DNA and mRNA sequences (see, for example, Testoni et al. Blood 87:3822 (1996)).
Standard methods in immunology known in the art and not specifically described are generally followed as in Stites et al. (eds), BASIC AND CLINICAL IMMUNOLOGY, 8'th Ed., Appleton & Lange, Norwalk, Conn. (1994); and Mishell and Shigi (eds), Selected Methods In Cellular Immunology, W.H. Freeman and Co., New York (1980).
In general, immunoassays are employed to assess a specimen such as for cell surface markers or the like. Immunocytochemical assays are well known to those skilled in the art. Both polyclonal and monoclonal antibodies can be used in the assays. Where appropriate other immunoassays, such as enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays (ELISAs) and radioimmunoassays (RIA), can be used as are known to those in the art. Available immunoassays are extensively described in the patent and scientific literature. See, for example, U.S. Pat. Nos. 3,791,932; 3,839,153; 3,850,752; 3,850,578; 3,853,987; 3,867,517; 3,879,262; 3,901,654; 3,935,074; 3,984,533; 3,996,345; 4,034,074; 4,098,876; 2o 4,879,219; 5,011,771 and 5,281,521 as well as Sambrook et al., Molecular Cloning: A Laboratory Manual, Cold Springs Harbor, N.Y. (1989). Numerous other references also may be relied on for these teachings.
Antibodies may be monoclonal, polyclonal or recombinant. Conveniently, the antibodies may be prepared against the immunogen or immunogenic portion thereof, for example, a synthetic peptide based on the sequence, or prepared recombinantly by cloning techniques or the natural gene product and/or portions thereof may be isolated and used as the immunogen. Immunogens can be used to produce antibodies by standard antibody production technology well known to those skilled in the art as described generally in Harlow and Lane, Antibodies: A Laboratory Manual, Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory, Cold Springs Harbor, N.Y. (1988) and Borrebaeck, Antibody Engineering—A Practical Guide by W. H. Freeman and Co. (1992). Antibody fragments may also be prepared from the antibodies and include Fab and F(ab′)2 by methods known to those skilled in the art. For producing polyclonal antibodies a host, such as a rabbit or goat, is immunized with the immunogen or immunogenic fragment, generally with an adjuvant and, if necessary, coupled to a carrier; antibodies to the immunogen are collected from the serum. Further, the polyclonal antibody can be absorbed such that it is monospecific. That is, the serum can be exposed to related immunogens so that cross-reactive antibodies are removed from the serum rendering it monospecific.
For producing monoclonal antibodies, an appropriate donor is hyperimmunized with the immunogen, generally a mouse, and splenic antibody-producing cells are isolated. These cells are fused to immortal cells, such as myeloma cells, to provide a fused cell hybrid that is immortal and secretes the required antibody. The cells are then cultured, and the monoclonal antibodies harvested from the culture media. Antibodies are used in the present invention to help to isolate stem cells from a sample of mononuclear cells or other cellular material.
For producing recombinant antibodies, messenger RNA from antibody-producing B-lymphocytes of animals or hybridoma is reverse-transcribed to obtain complementary DNAs (cDNAs). Antibody cDNA, which can be full or partial length, is amplified and cloned into a phage or a plasmid. The cDNA can be a partial length of heavy and light chain cDNA, separated or connected by a linker. The antibody, or antibody fragment, is expressed using a suitable expression system. Antibody cDNA can also be obtained by screening pertinent expression libraries. The antibody can be bound to a solid support substrate or conjugated with a detectable moiety or be both bound and conjugated as is well known in the art. (For a general discussion of conjugation of fluorescent or enzymatic moieties see Johnstone & Thorpe, Immunochemistry in Practice, Blackwell Scientific Publications, Oxford, 1982). The binding of antibodies to a solid support substrate is also well known in the art. (see for a general discussion Harlow & Lane, Antibodies: A Laboratory Manual, Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Publications, New York, 1988 and Borrebaeck, Antibody Engineering—A Practical Guide, W.H. Freeman and Co., 1992). The detectable moieties contemplated with the present invention can include, but are not limited to, fluorescent, metallic, enzymatic and radioactive markers. Examples include biotin, gold, ferritin. alkaline phosphates, galactosidase, peroxidase, urease, fluorescein, rhodamine, tritium, 14C, iodination and green fluorescent protein.
Gene therapy as used herein refers to the transfer of genetic material (e.g., DNA or RNA) of interest into a host to treat or prevent a genetic or acquired disease or condition. The genetic material of interest encodes a product (e.g., a protein. polypeptide. and peptide, functional RNA, antisense) whose in vivo production is desired. For example, the genetic material of interest encodes a hormone, receptor, enzyme, polypeptide or peptide of therapeutic value. Alternatively, the genetic material of interest encodes a suicide gene. For a review see “Gene Therapy” in Advances In Pharmacology, Academic Press, San Diego, Calif., 1997.
Administration of Cells for Transplantation
The reprogrammed stem cells of the present invention with or without further differentiation are administered and dosed in accordance with good medical practice, taking into account the clinical condition of the individual patient, the site and method of administration, scheduling of administration, patient age, sex, body weight and other factors known to medical practitioners. The pharmaceutically “effective amount” for purposes herein is thus determined by such considerations as are known in the art. The amount must be effective to achieve improvement, including but not limited to improved survival rate or more rapid recovery, or improvement or elimination of symptoms and other indicators as are selected as appropriate measures by those skilled in the art.
In the method of the present invention, the reprogrammed stem cells or differentiated stem cells of the present invention can be administered in various ways as would be appropriate to implant into the patient, for example, in the central nervous system, cardiovascular system, blood or bone marrow, including but not limited to parenteral, including intravenous and intraarterial administration, intrathecal administration, intraventricular administration, intraparenchymal, intracranial, intracisternal, intrastriatal, and intranigral administration. In addition, all of these routes of administration may be used to effect transplantation of stem cells and cells differentiated from the stem cells of the present invention.
Pharmaceutical compositions comprising effective amounts of reprogrammed stem cells are also contemplated by the present invention. These compositions comprise an effective number of reprogrammed stem cells, optionally in combination with a pharmaceutically acceptable carrier, additive or excipient. In certain aspects of the present invention, cells are administered to the patient in need of a transplant in sterile saline. In other aspects of the present invention, the cells are administered in Hanks Balanced Salt Solution (HBSS) or Isolyte S, pH 7.4. Other approaches may also be used, including the use of serum free cellular media. Such compositions, therefore, comprise effective amounts or numbers of reprogrammed stem cells in sterile saline. These may be obtained directly by using fresh or cryopreserved umbilical cord blood or alternatively, by separating out the mononuclear cells (MNC) from the whole blood, using density gradient separation methods, among others, which are well known in the art (one such approach is presented herein). Intravenous or intraarterial administration of the stems cells in sterile saline to the patient may be preferred in certain indications, whereas direct administration at the site of or in proximity to the diseased and/or damaged tissue may be preferred in other indications. Further differentiation of the reprogrammed stem cells may be advised, depending upon the treatment to be provided.
In using compositions according to the present invention, fresh or cryopreserved adult stem cells from any adult source, or placenta or umbilical cord tissue, placental or umbilical cord blood, or amniotic fluid or amnion tissue, a mononuclear fraction thereof, or fractions wherein stems cells are isolated and/or concentrated (using FACS or other separation methods for isolating pluripotent stem or progenitor cells from a population of mononuclear cells) may be used.
The reprogrammed stem cells may be used without treatment with a differentiation agent or with an effective amount of a differentiation agent prior to being used for treatment, for example, in a neuronal transplant or other tissue transplant.
In aspects of the invention in which adult stem cells from any adult source, or placenta or umbilical cord tissue stem cells or placental or cord blood stem cells, or amniotic fluid or amnion stem cells are differentiated, the use of standard media which has been supplemented with at least one or more differentiation agent is preferred. A combination of retinoic acid and nerve growth factor (NGF) and/or other growth factor in effective amounts in certain aspects of the present invention as the differentiation agent is preferred. In certain preferred aspects of the present invention, neural and/or other cells are prepared from adult stem cells from any adult source, or cord blood stems cells growing in standard growth media in a two step approach using neural and/or other proliferation media followed by a differentiation media. In this aspect of the present invention, cells grown in standard cellular media (preferably, at least a minimum essential medium supplemented with non-essential amino acids, glutamine, mercaptoethanol and fetal bovine serum (FBS)) are initially grown in a “neural and/or other proliferation medium” (i.e., a medium which efficiently grows neural and/or other cells) followed by growth in a “differentiation medium”) (generally, similar to the neural proliferation medium with the exception that specific nerve differentiation agents are added to the medium and in certain cases, other growth factors are limited or removed). A preferred proliferation medium (neural and/or other cells) is a media which contains DMEM/F12 1:1 cell media, supplemented with 0.6% glucose, insulin (25 μml), transferrin (100 μg/ml), progesterone 20 nM, putrescine (60 μM, selenium chloride 30 nM, glutamine 2 mM, sodium bicarbonate 3 mM, HEPES 5 mM, heparin 2 μg/ml and EGF 20 nm/ml, bFGF 20 ng/ml. One of ordinary skill will readily recognize that any number of cellular media may be used to provide appropriate proliferation medium and/or differentiation medium (neural and/or other cells).
The following examples are provided to illustrate or exemplify certain preferred embodiments of the present invention illustrative of the present invention but are not intended in any way to limit the present invention.
Preparation of Cellular Samples
Cryopreserved or fresh placental or umbilical cord tissue, or placental or umbilical cord blood (from human umbilical cord that remains attached to placenta after delivery), or amniotic fluid or amnion is harvested and processed by Ficoll centrifugation. This results in nearly 100% recovery of mononuclear cells which can be a) processed into sub-populations based on surface markers or b) cryopreserved for later use. Alternatively, stem cells may be obtained directly from umbilical cords (i.e. the actual cord and/or placental or amnion tissue, not the blood) or from adult blood or other tissue to provide usable stem cells which may be reprogrammed according to the present invention.
While the invention has been described hereinabove, care should be taken not to limit the invention in a manner which is unintended and is inconsistent with the invention as set forth in the following claims.
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Houston, TX – Car Accident on Mandell St Results in Injuries
Houston, TX (December 25, 2020) – A motor vehicle accident in the Neartown/Montrose section of Houston resulted in injuries. At around 6:20 p.m., on December 23, emergency crews were called to the scene of a crash on Mandell Street.
Reports from authorities show that a crash took place on Mandell Street at the intersection with Richmond Avenue. The two-vehicle collision caused delays in the area as crews worked to clear the scene.
Paramedics responded to the site of the accident and provided medical treatment to victims before transporting those in need of further assistance to area hospitals. At this time, the crash remains under investigation.
Our thoughts are with the victims who were injured in the crash. We hope for their fast and full recovery.
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With the gourmet club at school, I went on a field trip to Madison Square Garden in New York City.
We met at a common train station and took the train straight to Penn Station in the city. I had never taken the train before, but found it really enjoyable. It was interesting to see how the train worked and if anyone ate food on the train. It seemed like the train was an open space for riders to snack and such, but it didn't feel like there was too much food.
When we arrived to Penn Station, we had to go upstairs pretty quickly to get to our backstage tour of Madison Square Garden. The security there was similar to the airport, but I was not questioned about my epi-pen which was nice. Sometimes with airport style security I have to explain why I have epi-pens.
Then we went on our tour of Madison Square Garden. The tour consisted of the history of the place and seeing the arena from multiple seats and suites. We also saw a lot of the hospitality aspects such as the kitchens and receiving areas. All of the food in Madison Square Garden is made in house and all catering situations are also handled in house.
We met with the head of food and catering service. He handles all of the food in the suites, the food sold in the vendor areas and all issues related to the suites and vendors. He had a lot of information to share with us about all that Madison Square Garden has to offer. Large corporations such as those included in the Fortune Top 100, have suites for their employees. These companies pay thousands of dollars for just the suite and then the price of food is separate.
It was fascinating to learn about how food service is handled at such a large venue such as Madison Square Garden. After the tour, we walked around the city for a while. I did not really find any actual lunch food to eat, so I just snacked. Other students found food they could eat, which I was glad about. When I spoke the manager at the one place we stopped at he told me there was nothing safe there. The other place was like a market and it was so busy in there I figured it would be easier not to deal with finding something.
As always it was not about the food and it was about the experience. The backstage tour of Madison Square Garden was a once in a lifetime experience. It's important to take advantage of the cool field trips and events your school offers.
#train #NYC
Above and Abroad with Food Allergies
Fight the Stigma
From the Other Side of the Kitchen
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Where’s the Beef? Why the Brits Are Going Meatless, and Kellogg Can’t Wait
A look at how Kellogg stands to prosper from a growing British veggie trend.
Caroline Banton
(TMFcbopines)
By now, most people are aware of the stunning rise of Tyson Food's Beyond Meat (NASDAQ:BYND) IPO. The stock had an initial IPO price of $25 in early May but skyrocketed 700% to a record $201 .88 intraday on June 18. And while Beyond Meat might currently be attracting all the attention, there is plenty of room in the meatless market for a competitor to get swept up in the excitement. Case in point, the Kellogg's-owned MorningStar Farms brand.
A world gone mad for meatless
The demand for plant-based meat is growing globally. A report released in September 2018 based on 12 months of data the Plant Based Food Association commissioned from Nielsen, a leading retail data company, showed that sales of plant-based meat in the U.S. outpaced growth of regular meat by 20%. Plant-based meat grew by 23% while meat itself grew only 2%. Impressively, Beyond Meat's sales grew by 70% during the same period. According to Barclays analysts, the global alternative meat market could grow to $140 billion globally in the next 10 years.
Image Source: Getty Images
The second largest market for plant-based meat is the U.K., and that market could be poised for a boom. According to Kantar Worldpanel, veganism is rapidly increasing in popularity. Supermarket sales show that the British public consumed over 200 million more meat-free dinners in 2018 than in 2017, and two-thirds of consumers are buying "free from" products. In other euro countries, demand is also soaring. In France, vegan product sales increased by almost 25%.
Now, consider the political scene in the United Kingdom where a trade deal between the UK and the US is looking more and more likely, and there is a recipe for a meat-free revolution.
Trump and Johnson ruin the U.K.'s appetite for meat
Boris Johnson, a strong Brexiteer and Trump ally, has taken up residence in 10 Downing Street, and negotiations with the Trump administration for a U.S.-U.K. trade deal are already under way. A new trade deal would allow U.S. food companies to flood the U.K. market with much cheaper products than the WTO-tariff laden offerings that the country would otherwise be forced to accept.
While cheaper food sounds like a good deal, it comes at a price, and not in the form of pounds sterling. Many Brits are skeptical to see an influx of chlorine-washed chicken or beef that contains hormones -- practices that are acceptable in the U.S. but banned in the E.U.
The meatless movement
What is the British public to do if they want to avoid such cheap (or potentially harmful) products? Many will likely eat less meat and more meat alternatives. As if in anticipation, the tide is already turning in the U.K. toward less meat. In London, the popular salad and sandwich chain Pret a Manger is considering vegetarian-only locations while co-working company WeWork said it will no longer reimburse its 6,000 global employees for meals that contain meat.
If Johnson and Trump have their way and meat standards are lowered, Kellogg (NYSE:K) stands to profit in two ways. First, the company will naturally benefit from better trade between the U.K. and the U.S., but Kellogg can also respond to growing British demand for less meat through its MorningStar Farms brand.
Kellogg is already showing signs of newfound strength. After a long period of flat performance, Kellogg's Q2 earnings showed revenues of $3.46 billion, which matched analyst expectations, but earnings per share have outperformed analyst expectations for the last five quarters with the exception of the start of 2018. There has been greater demand for the company's products , and it has now expanded its product line in vegan foods . The company reported that consumption of its Morningstar Farms' products accelerated in 2018 and that the brand's product line will soon be 100% vegan and will no longer include egg whites and dairy products.
Kellogg finally finds the right track
Better late than never, Kellogg is seeing global food trends and responding appropriately. MorningStar Farms have announced that they will switch to completely plant-based and vegan products by 2021. In the meantime, Kellogg is not wasting any time and is already responding to U.K. demand with new vegan chicken alternatives that previously contained eggs and milk.
The company has announced an investment phase for early 2019, which will focus on natural foods and digestive health. In addition, the company also announced in July that it will divest some of its less healthy food products such as its Keebler cookie brand and fruit snacks. The company is finally getting the message that sugary cereals are not what everybody in the U.K. and the U.S. wants for breakfast, lunch, and dinner .
Looking at the previous year, operating profit at Kellogg North America increased to $1.7 billion in 2018 from $1.4 billion in fiscal 2017. Net sales grew to $13.55 billion from $12.85 billion. While these aren't meteoric improvements, watch Kellogg stock in the future. Thanks to British politics, reinvestment, and a changing product range, the company could show healthy earnings over the next few years. A potential IPO for its MorningStar Farms brand could drum up even more excitement.
NYSE:K
BYND
NASDAQ:BYND
Is Kellogg Stock a Buy?
Kellogg Co (K) Q3 2020 Earnings Call Transcript
Old Dominion Freight Line Inc (ODFL) Q2 2020 Earnings Call Transcript
Where’s the Beef? Why the Brits Are Going Meatless, and Kellogg Can’t Wait @themotleyfool #stocks $K $BYND Next Article
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Social, Political, Economic and Environmental Issues That Affect Us All
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US President Donald Trump at a meeting of the Security Council. Credit: United Nations
by Thalif Deen (united nations)
UNITED NATIONS, Jan 08 (IPS) - The storming of Capitol Hill in Washington DC by an unruly mob is reminiscent of an insurrection in a “banana republic” -- as hilariously portrayed in the 1971 Woody Allen comedy “Bananas” spoofing a revolt in a fictional Latin American country.
But judged by the disastrous four-year administration of President Trump such a description is an insult to all banana republics.
Trump’s presidency has been characterized by misgovernment, corruption, lies, xenophobia, nepotism, arrogance, and ultimately, contempt for the country’s democratic electoral process.
For long, America has been the world’s self-appointed cop ousting dictatorships and overthrowing authoritarian regimes (read: Iraq, Libya and Afghanistan), upholding human rights and preaching peace – even while selling millions of dollars in weapons to conflict-ridden countries.
As the New York Times pointed out what unfolded in Washington DC, however, was “one of the most severe intrusions of the Capitol” since the British invasion during the war of 1812 when it was burnt down.
Senator Mitt Romney, a Republican who was a longtime critic of Trump inside the bowels of his own political party, expressed his denunciation in a single sentence: “What happened here today was an insurrection incited by the President of the United States.”
As Cable News Network (CNN) pointed out, a growing number of Republican leaders and Cabinet officials believe Trump should be removed from office before President-elect Joe Biden’s January 20 inauguration, even if it means invoking the 25th Amendment or disqualifying Trump from ever holding office again.
The 25th Amendment to the US constitution provides procedures for replacing a president or vice president in the event of death, removal, resignation or incapacitation.
Stephen Zunes, Professor of Politics at the University of San Francisco, told IPS the shocking spectacle from the mob attack on the seat of American government with the apparent encouragement of the president, along with efforts by some Republican members of Congress to block the certification of the Electoral College, demonstrates that a significant faction of the conservative movement in the United States has become explicitly anti-democratic.
“While Wednesday’s events will likely backfire politically, it serves a warning that there are real authoritarian tendencies in this country led by people who are willing to use violence to seize power.”
Despite clear signs that there would be a serious attempt to storm the Capitol, security was minimal and the Capitol Police were quickly overrun, he added.
This contrasts with the massive and intimidating troop presence around the Capitol and other government buildings during the largely nonviolent protests for racial justice this past spring despite the absence of any such realistic threats.
This raises serious issues regarding racism and ideological biases in policy and related security measures in Washington, said Zunes.
He pointed out that the shock and dismay around Trump’s support for a de facto coup and his overall authoritarian tendencies are well-founded.
“At the same time, it must be acknowledged that presidential administrations and Congressional leaders of both parties have long supported autocratic regimes and occupation armies elsewhere through arms transfers and other security assistance. Indeed, the United States is the world’s number one backer of such anti-democratic governments”.
Support for democracy, he argued, must not stop at the water’s edge. “If Americans are serious about defending democratic institutions, we must apply such principles to our foreign policy as well.”
The demonstrators on Capitol Hill have been described mostly as right-wing extremists and white supremacists who are ardent supporters of Trump. At least four died in the melee.
Meanwhile, some of the US allies in Europe, including France, Germany and UK have expressed shock and revulsion at the insurrection in one of the world’s “model democracies”.
Dr. Alon Ben-Meir, professor of international relations at the Center for Global Affairs at New York University (NYU), told IPS that Wednesday, January 6, is a day that will live on in infamy; a day in which the president of the United States incited a mob to storm the nation’s capital, in which Trump perpetuated lies and falsehoods about the election to justify his betrayal of the country, the Constitution, his office, and the very foundations of this democratic republic.
He said the world watched in horror as the far-right mob managed to breach security and enter the Capitol building successfully. Clearly, the violent protestors were not repelled with adequate force or they would never had made their way in.
“Had the mob consisted of left-wing agitators instead, of black and brown bodies rather than white bodies, the news would be quite different — indeed, it is more than likely that had that been the case, the protesters would never had made it inside at all, let alone allowed to remain there for over four hours”.
What is perhaps most disgraceful, over and above Trump’s cynical and self-serving incitement, is his silence while the mob roamed through the Capitol, while senators and representatives hid themselves away until it was safe to return to complete the business of the day, said Ben-Meir.
“When he finally did make a statement, it was anything but a full-throated condemnation of the chaos and violence that had consumed the nation’s temple of democracy. Rather he told the rioters to return home, and added “We love you” - after reiterating his false claim that the election was stolen”.
In a word, said Ben-Meir, Trump sought to justify the insurrectionists, and the reason for that is plain: he wants to sow as much violence and discord as he possibly can between now and the inauguration.
That way he can point to the civil unrest and say “see, that is what happens when you steal an election.” Never mind that it has only been Trump and his fringe followers who have sought to steal an election, and to the credit of this still great nation, failed completely and utterly, he declared.
UN Spokesman Stephane Dujarric said the Secretary-General “is saddened by the events at the US Capitol in Washington, D.C., on Wednesday.”
In such circumstances, he said, “it is important that political leaders impress on their followers the need to refrain from violence, as well as to respect democratic processes and the rule of law. “
In a statement from Geneva, UN Human Rights Commissioner Michelle Bachelet said: “We are deeply troubled by Wednesday’s attack on the US Capitol, which demonstrated clearly the destructive impact of sustained, deliberate distortion of facts, and incitement to violence and hatred by political leaders”.
She said allegations of electoral fraud have been invoked to try to undermine the right to political participation. We are encouraged to see that the process has continued in spite of serious attempts to disrupt it.
“We call on leaders from across the political spectrum, including the President of the United States, to disavow false and dangerous narratives, and encourage their supporters to do so as well,” she added.
“We note with dismay the serious threats and destruction of property faced by media professionals yesterday. We support calls from many quarters for a thorough investigation into Wednesday’s events,” declared Bachelet
In a summing up, Ben-Meir said Trump used the power of his office to dismantle everything that President Obama has achieved, and he stopped short of nothing to delegitimize President-elect Biden’s victory.
“All I can say is eat your heart out, Mr. Trump. Obama left the presidency after serving two terms with honor and dignity and with the Nobel Peace Prize under his belt. And Trump will leave his office as an impeached one-term president who will live in infamy.”
The Democratic leadership, with the few Republicans who stood for the rule of law and did not submit to Trump’s whims, should immediately push for either impeachment or the invocation of the 25th Amendment to oust Trump from his office and bar him from ever holding a formal position again, he declared.
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© Inter Press Service (2021) — All Rights Reserved Original source: Inter Press Service
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<p><a href="https://www.globalissues.org/news/2021/01/08/27167">Storming of Capitol Hill Reminiscent of a Banana Republic</a>, <cite>Inter Press Service</cite>, Friday, January 08, 2021 (posted by Global Issues)</p>
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Storming of Capitol Hill Reminiscent of a Banana Republic, Inter Press Service , Friday, January 08, 2021 (posted by Global Issues)
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“When I give food to the poor, they call me a saint. When I ask why the poor have no food, they call me a communist.” — Dom Hélder Câmara
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Believe like Thurgood
Thurgood Marshall is famous for being America’s first Associate Justice of the Supreme Court of the United States. As well as serving as a lawyer, Thurgood campaigned for civil rights, believing that racial discrimination went against the Equal Protection Clause of the US constitution.
Born in Baltimore, Maryland on 2nd July 1908, Thoroughgood “Thurgood” Marshall learned how to debate from his father, William Canfield Marshall, who worked as a railway porter. At family meals with his father and mother, Norma Arica Williams, Marshall participated in discussions about current events, which fuelled his desire to become a lawyer. Marshall recalled his father "turned me into one. He did it by teaching me to argue, by challenging my logic on every point, by making me prove every statement I made."
In 1925, Marshall graduated from the Frederick Douglass High School in Baltimore within the top third of his class. After this, he attended Lincoln University in Pennsylvania where he became the star of the debate team. Marshall involved himself in sit-in protests against segregation and joined Alpha Phi Alpha, the first fraternity founded by and for blacks. During this time, Marshall paid little attention to his studies and found himself suspended twice for his behaviour.
Marshall’s attitude changed after he married Vivian "Buster" Burey (1911-55) in 1929. His wife encouraged Marshall to be a better student, and he graduated with a BA in American literature and philosophy the following year. To become a lawyer, Marshall enrolled at Howard University School of Law in Washington DC, for which his mother pawned her wedding and engagement rings to pay for the tuition. In 1933, Marshall graduated at the top of his class.
After graduating, Marshall began a private law firm in his home town and represented the National Association for the Advancement of Colored People (NAACP), which he joined in 1936, in various lawsuits. In one court case, Murray v. Pearson, Marshall represented black students who wished to attend the University of Maryland Law School, which at that time only admitted whites. Not only did Marshall win, but he also created a legal precedent making segregation in Maryland illegal.
At the age of 32, Marshall founded the NAACP Legal Defense and Educational Fund, which supported many civil rights cases before the Supreme Court. Of these cases, Marshall won 29 out of 32, most notably Brown v. Board of Education of Topeka, which paved the way to integration in schools. For some of the court cases, Marshall had the support of J. Edgar Hoover (1895-1972), the 1st Director of the Federal Bureau of Investigation (FBI). Marshall and the FBI particularly wished to discredit civil rights leader T. R. M. Howard (1908-76) whose policies went against the NAACP. Howard also believed in legalising prostitution, arguing “man's sinful nature made it impossible to suppress the sex trade”.
In February 1955, Marshall’s wife Vivian passed away from lung cancer on her 44th birthday. Later that year, Marshall remarried to Cecilia "Cissy" Suyat (b.1928), a civil rights activist of Filipino descent from Hawaii. They went on to have two sons, Thurgood Marshall Jr. (b.1956), who was the White House Cabinet Secretary under Bill Clinton (b.1946), and John William Marshall (b.1958), the longest-serving member of the Virginia Governor's Cabinet.
Marshall’s successful career attracted President J. F. Kennedy (1917-63) who appointed him to the United States Court of Appeals for the Second Circuit in 1961. This was a new seat created by the president, which Marshall held until 1965 when President Lyndon B. Johnson (1908-73) appointed him as the first African American United States Solicitor General. This also made Marshall the highest-ranking black government official. Marshall called his position as Solicitor General “the best job I've ever had."
Following the retirement of Tom C. Clark (1899-1977) in 1967, Johnson appointed Marshall as the 96th Associate Justice of the Supreme Court, the first black man to hold the post. When questioned about his success as an African American, Marshall said, “You do what you think is right and let the law catch up.”
Marshall served on the Supreme Court for 24 years, during which time he fought on behalf of black citizens. As well as civil rights, Marshall campaigned for abortion rights and the end of the death penalty. He also fought against anything that made women unequal to men. When Marshall retired in 1991, he expressed the wish that President George H. W. Bush (1924-2018) did not use race as a factor when deciding on his successor. Bush nominated Clarence Thomas (b.1948) to replace Marshall, the second black man to hold the position of Associate Justice of the Supreme Court.
Many accused Marshall of resigning over disagreements with the new conservative approaches of the Supreme Court, but in truth, his declining health was the reason for the decision. Less than two years later, Marshall passed away from heart failure on 24th January 1993 at the age of 84. The Supreme Court honoured Marshall with a lying in state at the United States Supreme Court Building in Washington DC followed by a burial at the Arlington National Cemetery in Virginia.
There are several memorials dedicated to Thurgood Marshall, including an 8-ft statue in Lawyers Mall, Maryland. The airport in Baltimore renamed itself the Baltimore-Washington International Thurgood Marshall Airport in 2005, and in 2009 the General Convention of the Episcopal Church added him to the liturgical calendar, designating 17th May as his feast day. Marshall’s life is the topic of the 2017 film Marshall, starring Chadwick Boseman (1976-2020) as the first black Associate Justice of the Supreme Court of the United States.
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Homespun Wisdom: This Breton Factory Is Making Powerful Turbines For France's 1st Offshore Wind Farm
Chris Noon
If you’ve ever flown over the coast of Western Europe and marveled at the view of giant offshore wind farms breaking the monotony of the sea, then one thing is certain: You weren’t flying over France. The country may boast a long coastline, incorporating the North Sea, Atlantic Ocean and Mediterranean Riviera, but France has not tapped offshore wind, unlike its European neighbors such as the U.K., Germany and Denmark.
Until now, that is. France just started building its maiden offshore wind farm in the Loire River estuary near the city of Saint-Nazaire. The farm, set to come online in 2022, as currently designed, will consist of 80 GE Haliade 150-6 MW turbines capable of harnessing the strong southwesterly winds that are typical of the eastern Atlantic. It will be capable of generating 480 megawatts of power for the French grid. That’s enough to meet 20% of electricity consumption in the Loire-Atlantique, a French region that is home to around 1.4 million people.
GE has now started up production of the nacelles, the giant boxes at the top of the wind turbine towers that house its generation kit: the gearbox, generator and controller — from its factory located just up the Loire in Saint-Nazaire. The plant also produced the same machines for America’s first offshore farm on Block Island and Merkur, a large farm off the coast of Germany and the Haliade-X prototype unit in Rotterdam. After the production for the French wind farm ends, the facility will switch to making nacelles for the Haliade-X 12 MW, the world’s most powerful offshore wind turbine in operation.
The new wind farm is a symbolic moment for France’s wind industry and the country’s manufacturing sector. “We are proud today that this factory, which has already been producing from France for several years, can — at last — do it ‘for France,’” said GE France president Hugh Bailey, who cut the ribbon at a ceremony last week with executives from EDF Renewables and Enbridge, developers of the Saint-Nazaire wind farm.
The project will also help the local economy. GE already has more than 700 employees working in the French offshore wind industry, spread across Saint-Nazaire and the northwestern coastal cities of Nantes and Cherbourg. That number likely will increase to over 1,400 by the end of 2021.
Saint-Nazaire specifically will be a hive of activity in the coming months. Once the 80 Haliade 150-6 MW nacelles have all rolled off the production line in late 2021, the plant, as currently designed, will begin production of the record-breaking Haliade-X. The port’s marshaling harbor will also store all the components for Haliade 150-6 MW, including the French-made nacelles, the tower segments and the giant blades, which are being produced in Spain.
In 2021, engineers will winch the components onto installation vessels, which are giant jackup rigs, and haul them out to sea. There they will anchor the foundations and the wind farm’s cabling system in preparation for its startup planned for 2022. The Saint-Nazaire wind farm will cover an area of around 78 square kilometers, between 12 and 20 kilometers from the French coast in water depths of 12 to 25 meters.
Projects such as Saint-Nazaire will be crucial if France is to deliver on its objective of producing up to one-third of its energy from renewable sources by 2030. “Each of these Haliade 150-6 MW turbines is capable of producing enough energy to support the electricity consumption of 5,000 French households, and thus avoid the emission of 21,000 tons of CO2,” said Jerome Pécresse, president and CEO of GE Renewable Energy.
Haliade turbines
GE Renewable energy
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Army, Michigan State Police Test Vehicle Cybersecurity
December 17, 2019 • by GF Staff
Army automotive cybersecurity engineers demonstrate the results of the cooperative research work conducted between the U.S. Army CCDC Ground Vehicle Systems Center and the Michigan State Police on an MSP patrol vehicle.
Photo courtesy of U.S. Army
U.S. Army engineers and scientists specializing in automotive cybersecurity and staff members from the Michigan State Police (MSP) demonstrated the results of applying Army cybersecurity tools to the law enforcement agency's fleet vehicles on Dec. 6, according to an Army news release.
Experts from the nearby U.S. Army Combat Capabilities Development Command's Ground Vehicle Systems Center (GVSC) performed a cyber vulnerability analysis of the two MSP fleet vehicles. This analysis, focused on finding weaknesses in the computerized systems inherent in modern police vehicles, will be used to provide MSP the tools to strengthen cyber defenses and prepare for how to respond in the event of a cybersecurity incident.
The police vehicles were evaluated at the MSP test track in Lansing, enduring days of high-tech efforts to test unseen defenses on board. The test track provided the engineers an opportunity to conduct their vulnerability tests in an operational setting, while the vehicles were in motion.
“We have been taking steps for years to reduce the impacts of disruptive cyber-related events and protect the health, safety, and economic interests of Michigan residents and business," said Lt. Col. Chris Kelenske of the MSP, in the release. "This partnership will help ensure systems and components that govern vehicle safety, operations, and public safety-related equipment are protected from harmful attacks, damage, unauthorized access, or anything else that might interfere with emergency response or vehicle safety functions.”
Related: Michigan, Army Team on Smart Mobility Test
Read more about U.S. Army Michigan State Police Vehicle Research Cybersecurity Police
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Grahame Morris MP Working for Easington
Debates & Questions
Campaign Responses
Tweets@GrahameMorris
Sustrans Charity to Fund Durham Cycle Route Improvements
Durham County Council has announced that a popular cycle route in Durham is to receive a makeover, having received a £999,445 grant from the Department for Transport, through the sustainable transport charity Sustrans, to enhance the route.
Sustrans is a charity dedicated to making it easier for people to walk and cycle. As custodians of the National Cycle Network, they aim to constantly improve the Network, and as such encourage more people to use it.
National Cycle Route 1, which runs from Dover to the Shetland Isles in Scotland and also forms part of the North Sea Cycleway, includes a 23 mile stretch through County Durham.
The work will include surface improvements at South Hetton and between Cold Hesledon and Dawdon, as well as upgrading the boardwalk at Pesspool Wood, near Haswell, to improve accessibility. Additionally, as the cycle route passes through sensitive environments, habitat improvements will be made to benefit wildlife.
Durham County Council has said that residents and community groups will be invited to get involved in clearing up the sites, with the aim of creating a safer and smoother route for people to enjoy for commuting and exercise.
Grahame Morris MP welcomed the planned improvement works, saying, “The National Cycle Network route attracts international visitors to County Durham every year, so the planned improvement works will be hugely beneficial to the area. They will provide a safe and accessible place to exercise, and further facilitate green and sustainable travel options for residents.”
The works, which were halted due to the coronavirus outbreak, will resume as soon as it is safe to do so, and it is anticipated that they will be completed by September 2022.
Grahame supported and promoted Road Safety Week
Constituency Office
Seaton Holme
Hall Walks
County Durham, SR8 3BS
Email: grahame.morris.mp@parliament.uk
Promoted by Grahame Morris at Constituency Office, Seaton Holme, Hall Walks, Easington, County Durham, SR8 3BS
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Foundation degrees
Module code: BIOC1033
Module Coordinator(s): Samer El-Daher / Lauren Pecorino
To introduce students to the structure and properties of nucleic acids, carbohydrates, lipids, and proteins and to introduce the relationship between structure and biological function.
To introduce the fundamental science of enzymes as biological catalysts and the role of cofactors.
1. Discuss the properties of water, and the concept of pH and its importance in living systems
2. Describe the structure of the monomeric units of nucleic acids, proteins and carbohydrates and describe how these are joined together to form biopolymers;
3. Discuss the diversity of proteins, carbohydrates, lipids and relate their structure to function;
4. Discuss the role and function of enzymes and cofactors including enzyme kinetics as proposed by models such as of the Michaelis-Menten model;
Water and aqueous solutions.
Acid-base equilibria, pH and buffer solutions.
Bioenergetics: introduction to energy and kinetics.
Thermodynamic and kinetic control of reactions. Structure of nucleic acids, structure of DNA.
Amino acids; the peptide bond; levels of structure in proteins.
Forces that maintain the biologically active state of proteins.
Classes and roles of enzymes, cofactors and ATP and enzyme kinetics.
Carbohydrates: Structures and properties of representative mono- and disaccharides; structural and storage polysaccharides.
Lipids: Structures of the major classes of lipids with particular emphasis on fatty acids, triacylglycerols, phospholipids, simple non-saponifiable lipids.
The module will be delivered largely through lectures and tutorials (approximately 2:1). Development of group working and presentational skills will also take place in the tutorials. Underlying principles will be explained in the lectures, while the tutorials will establish the understanding of these principles. Theory will be related to practical work in Practical and Professional Skills.
Summative Assessment.
Essay - Weighting 50%, Pass Mark 40%. Outcomes assessed - 3; 1500 Words.
Test - Weighting 50%, Pass Mark 40%. Outcomes assessed - 1, 2 and 4. Details of assessment - General online test on module coverage. 1.5 hours.
Formative Assessment. Quizzes using tools such as Mentimeter and PowerPoint; practical tasks.
Why a foundation degree?
Location and timetable
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British Transport Police Appeal
Written by Gavin on 7th August 2017
Officers from British Transport Police have released this CCTV image of a man they wish to speak with in connection to an incident at Aberdare station.
At approximately 8.20pm on Saturday 22 July, a 23-year-old woman was seated in the shelter at the station with a friend. A man then approached the two women and sat next to the 23-year-old.
He then began to stroke her arm whilst making inappropriate sexual comments to her.
The victim felt very uncomfortable.
She then boarded a train heading towards Cardiff Central and the man joined the train as well. He then approached the two women and stared at them – this made them feel intimidated and uncomfortable.
The man then left the train at Cathays.
Officers wish to speak with the man (pictured above) as he may have information which could help the investigation.
Do you know who he is?
Anyone with information is asked to get in touch by sending a text to 61016 or by calling 0800 40 50 40 quoting reference 520-22/07/2017. Alternatively, ring Crimestoppers anonymously on 0800 555 111.
Wales Women vs. All Blacks – Result
School Improvements
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Financial support for invaluable community work in RCT at this time
Written by Gavin on 2nd May 2020
RCT Council has announced it will refocus its existing Community Activity Fund, to provide financial support for local organisations and individuals doing invaluable work to help others at this time.
The existing fund, part of the RCT Together approach, was set up to support small actions from local people that had a wider benefit within communities. In response to the Coronavirus emergency, the Council has made the decision to redirect this funding towards local groups or individuals that are working hard within our communities to support people through the crisis.
Since the pandemic started, residents and groups in Rhondda Cynon Taf have responded admirably to provide help to those in need. It is considered that providing Community Activity funding to these groups and individuals is fully-reflective of the original aim of the Fund. It will also complement the Council’s own considerable Community Resilience work at this time.
The Fund will award £10,000 in total, with each successful application eligible for a £300 grant – or £500 in exceptional circumstances. Applications received by the Council will be decided upon on a case-by-case basis, but those interested in applying are encouraged to do so at the earliest opportunity.
Applicants will need to demonstrate that their project provides support for a clearly-identified need (for example, supporting vulnerable residents), has a wider benefit (for example, producing protective equipment for key workers) and adheres to social distancing guidelines. Where possible, the project might be delivered in collaboration with other community organisations.
To apply for this funding, interested organisations and individuals should email CovidCommunityFund@rctcbc.gov.uk to receive an application form.
Councillor Andrew Morgan, Leader of Rhondda Cynon Taf Council, said: “Once again, communities across the length and breadth of Rhondda Cynon Taf have produced a truly amazing response in supporting both ourselves as a Local Authority and also each other during this national emergency.
“I have been really impressed by the number of community groups and individuals who have contacted both myself and Council Officers to see how
they could provide invaluable support to their local communities and the Council.
“In recognition of this and the financial implications this can often have, we are today repurposing the Community Activity Fund, which forms part of the wider RCT Together programme, to provide grants of £300 – or £500 in exceptional circumstances to local organisations or individuals. This funding can be used for a variety of support initiatives, including the production of scrub bags or PPE, or even for community gift bags.
“I would encourage all applicants to ensure that they contact the Council to express their interest at the earliest possible opportunity as demand is likely to be quite considerable, and I would also like to thank all of those across Rhondda Cynon Taf who are helping in the fight against the Coronavirus.”
Welsh Government extends coronavirus testing in care homes
Sharing advice about keeping children safe online
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At funkitron, we have a team of super experienced game makers who really know how to craft fun.
David Walls
David is the Founder and President of funkitron and leads the team in the creation of games. He has both invented brand new games like Cascade, Word Bird, and Solitaire Kingdom and has worked with top game brands like Scrabble, Monopoly, Slingo and even Frogger. Prior to funkitron, David was Creative Director at Hasbro where he called meetings to play SORRY! David has a BS in CS from the College Of William And Mary.
Favorite Cascade Level: 73 “Go Wild”!
Brendan Van Mater
Brendan is a generalist programmer with a hand in tools development, monetization systems, level design, and any other miscellaneous coding that needs doing. After an unsuccessful first attempt at a career as a Lorax, he discovered his true nature as a Dwarf, tinkering in dark places, building systems of great power. He has a BA in Biology and English from UNC-Chapel Hill, a Master of Environmental Management from Duke (Lorax!), and an AAS in Simulation and Game Development from Wake Technical Community College. Hobbies include playing and designing tabletop games and cooking.
Naomi Hinchen
Naomi joined funkitron from MIT where she spent two years doing undergraduate games research at the Singapore-MIT GAMBIT Game Lab and did a master’s thesis on shaping game narrative by generating AI-controlled NPCs. She is currently creating even more fun crafty levels for Cascade, so if you reach a new tough one, you know who to blame.
Phelan Wolfendon
Phelan is a level designer and Production Assistant and has been helping to guide Cascade through the development process. Previously to funkitron Phelan did work in Internal QA for Boston Animation. She graduated from Northeastern University in 2012 with a Master’s Degree in Game Design and experience in 3D animation. Phelan grew up within the games industry and enjoys games across all platforms. When she doesn’t have an iPad or a controller in hand she’s probably designing a tabletop system for fun or rolling d20s somewhere.
Sean Hoffman
Sean has created all the amazing music for all funkitron projects. After attending Berklee College of Music, Sean relocated to Los Angeles where he established himself in the world of composing/producing music for film, television, internet, and video games, with past clients including: ABC, NBC, CBS, FOX, Discovery Channel, ESPN, TLC, VH1, MTV, StubHub, among others. Sean has performed in critically lauded groups American Music Club and Bedroom Walls and currently performs with the duo Loch&Key.
Harry Lodes
Harry is master of blips, bloops, and bleeps, and works on sound design and editing, as well as audio scripting. He graduated from Berklee College of Music in Film Scoring and Electronic Production and Design and has since contributed sound and music to a number of indie games, as well as a couple of remixes to the hit anime series RWBY. He loves playing frisbee and making outrageous (and often unnecessary) diving catches on the beach when throwing the football around.
Michelle Martins
Michelle has been working as an artist and designer with funkitron since 2007. As an Illustrator she comfortably treads the line between artist and geek and brings her enthusiasm for animation and fantasy to the characters and backgrounds she designs. A RISD Grad, she’s since settled in Providence, RI. When not creating critters for funkitron she’s often doodling them for personal projects or out observing them in nature.
Kevin Idzik
Kevin is currently wrapping up a degree in Game Design & Development at the Rochester Institute of Technology. As an intern at funkitron he will be working on designing and balancing new levels. When he has free time he enjoys working out, watching the Buffalo Bills (maybe) win, and of course, playing games.
James Troup
James is currently a rising senior at the Rochester Institute of Technology studying Game Design and Development with two game jam wins under his belt. His earliest memories revolve around playing games and he’s excited to be a game designer/programmer intern in an industry that he has loved his entire life. If he’s not playing or making games you will probably find him reading a book or watching a movie/show for hours on end.
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Inauguration Parking and Transportation
The Inauguration of Rabbi Daniel L. Lehman, Eighth President of the Graduate Theological Union, will be held at: International House at University of California, Berkeley 2299 Piedmont Avenue Berkeley, CA 94720 (see map below) Parking is available at the Stadium Parking Garage: 2175 Gayley Rd, Berkeley, CA 94720 (One block north of the International House) Metered street parking is free after 6 pm. If you arrive by car service or taxi you may be dropped off at the North entrance to International House, just beyond the main entrance. If you are traveling by public transportation,...
InaugurationDaniel LehmannGTU PresidentOffice of the President
Uriah Y. Kim is the Ninth President of the GTU and John Dillenberger Professor of Biblical Studies. He earned his PhD in Biblical Studies from the GTU, and also holds an MDiv from Princeton Theological Seminary, a ThM from Candler School of Theology of Emory University, and a BA in philosophy from New York University. He is the author of Decolonizing Josiah: Toward a Postcolonial Reading of the Deuteronomistic History (Sheffield Phoenix Press, 2005) and Identity and Loyalty in the David Story: A Postcolonial Reading (Sheffield Phoenix Press, 2008), and is co-editor of Handbook of Asian...
GTU PresidentOffice of the President
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The effect on trade between Member States
As from May 2004 the competition authorities of the Member States are obliged to apply Community competition law; hence, in Hungary the Hungarian Competition Authority enforces the provisions of EC competition law. The basis of jurisdiction which determines whether Articles 81 and 82 of the EC Treaty apply is the effect of the practice concerned on trade between Member States.
Community legal practice and a notice of the Commission, which is based on that practice give guidance on how to establish the effect on trade between Member States in particular cases. They suggest a wide interpretation of the effect. There are certain cases in which an effect on trade can clearly be presumed; such cases are, for example, in which the practice under competition law scrutiny effects the flow of goods from one to another Member State or in which undertakings from several Member States take part in a restrictive agreement. The effect on trade is also obvious, where the practice in question has effects on the markets of more than one Member State (as in the case of a market sharing cartel). Depending on the specific circumstances of the case, the existence of an effect on trade may be established, where undertakings of a single Member State are involved in an agreement restricting competition, but as a consequence of the circumstances the cartel covering the territory, or even only a part of the territory, of a single Member State changes the structure of the trade between Member States. According to the Commission notice on the affect on trade concept contained in Articles 81 and 82 of the Treaty, certain practices may be considered subject to the extent of appreciability as practices being incapable appreciably to affect trade between Member States; hence they cannot be considered to be practices falling within the scope of Community law. These are practices, where the aggregate annual Community turnover of the undertakings concerned does not exceed EUR 40 million nor exceed the aggregate market share of the parties 5 per cent on any relevant market affected by the agreement within the Community.
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Our Board is currently comprised of 10 non-Executive Board members, including one Hastoe resident.
Members of the Board have ultimate accountability for how Hastoe is run, including setting overall strategy, approving financial plans, and monitoring strategic and operational performance.
They delegate some of their responsibilities to two committees, each of which is composed of a smaller number of Board members. These are the Audit and Risk Committee and the Remuneration and Nomination Committee. The Board delegates responsibility for Hastoe’s day-to-day management to the Chief Executive and their Executive Team.
Non-Executive Board members are remunerated for their services to Hastoe and further details can be found in our published financial statements.
Ed Buscall (Chairman)
Ed is an arable farmer based in Norfolk. He is a parish councillor and has been involved in a number of schemes to regenerate the local area. Before becoming a farmer, Ed worked for the BBC World Service as Head of Current Affairs. He now works for the BBC Trust as an editorial adviser.
Committee ex-officio: Audit and Risk, Remuneration and Nomination
Martin Huckerby
Martin has recently retired after 25 years as Finance Director of a major housing association to have time to spend on other activities. Martin is committed to the sector and its objectives and remains active as a consultant/ Interim Finance Director as well as undertaking Non Exec roles.
Committee membership: Chair of Audit and Risk
Lisa Hughes
Lisa is the Chief Operation Officer of River Learning Trust, a multi-academy Trust based in Oxfordshire. Prior to this she was an independent consultant working in the not for profit sector, specialising in change and transformation, governance and strategy. Lisa has worked at Executive and Non-Executive levels in the not for profit sector for 19 years, 17 of which have been in housing. She is a qualified accountant with 20 years post qualification experience. Lisa lives in the wilds of Oxfordshire which is where she grew up, and is particularly interested in the issues and challenges of rural communities.
Committee membership: Audit and Risk
Board Champion: Equality, Diversity and Inclusion
Andy Moore
Andy worked for over 35 years in Housing including roles as Chief Executive of Penwith Housing Association, Development Director at East Midlands Housing (EMH) and Deputy Chief Executive of the Rural Housing Trust. He is Chairman of his local Parish Council and village hall in Cornwall as well as his running club and local Athletics Network.
Board Champion: Health and Safety
Chris Parsons FCIOB
Chris recently retired from running a Chartered Architects and Chartered Building Consultancy which specialised in sustainable and low energy building design. The practice was also active as a planning consultancy and had long experience of working in the social housing sector. Chris has run his own property development company and brings expertise to the Board from across all strands of the construction industry. He is a fellow of the Chartered Institute of Building.
Julie Pearce-Martin
Julie became a Hastoe resident in 2018. She has had a varied career in journalism, the NHS and education sector. She is particularly interested in the provision of rural housing for local people.
Anne Perkins
Anne has been a political journalist and comment writer on radio, television and for The Guardian for 40 years. She has also written biographies of two politicians, Barbara Castle and Stanley Baldwin, as well as an account of the 1926 General Strike. Despite a London-based career, she grew up in rural Northamptonshire and now lives in Southwest Wiltshire where she chaired the successful re-opening of her village shop as a not-for-profit community venture.
Committee membership: Renumeration and Nomination
Richard Quallington BSc (Deputy Chairman)
Currently Chief Executive of ACRE. He was former vice chair of ACRE and past chair of Regional Action West Midlands (RAWM). A planner by training, Richard has many years experience of working with and lobbying on behalf of rural communities about affordable housing, transport, rural services, rural broadband and regeneration initiatives.
Committee membership: Chairman of Remuneration and Nomination
Robert Rutledge LIB MBA
Robert has extensive experience in financial services gained from a 42 year career with Allied Irish Bank Plc, most recently as Chief Credit Officer for the Bank's UK Division. Robert is also a member of the Institute of Bankers in Ireland.
Board Champion: Tenant Empowerment
Andrew Wiseman LLB (Hons) OBE
Andrew is a solicitor who specialised in environmental and planning law, prior to becoming General Counsel & Corporate Secretary at a public body where he heads the legal, governance and operational risk teams. He has considerable experience advising housing associations, developers and local authorities. He has been appointed by the Minister of State to chair the Advisory Council of UK Export Finance (ECGD) and previously chaired DEFRA's Contaminated Land National Expert Panel.
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Donate Give Monthly
The Diabetes Eye Health Guide
By The Fred Hollows Foundation | Posted 08/08/16
The International Diabetes Federation and The Foundation supported a group of international experts to develop this guide.
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Safeguarding & Policies
The Fred Hollows Foundation is registered as a charity with the Australian Charities and Not-for-profits Commission (ACNC).
Eligible tax-deductible donations have Deductible Gift Recipient (DGR) status with the Australian Tax Office.
The Fred Hollows Foundation is a member of The Australian Council for International Development (ACFID) and is compliant with the ACFID code of conduct.
The Fred Hollows Foundation is accredited by the Australian Department of Foreign Affairs and Trade (DFAT), responsible for managing the Australian Government's aid program.
The Fred Hollows Foundation receives support through the Australian NGO Cooperation Program (ANCP).
The Fred Hollows Foundation acknowledges the Traditional Owners and custodians of the lands on which we work and recognise their continuing connection to land, waters and community. We pay our respects to them and their cultures; and to Elders both past and present.
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VA may stop approving new GI Bill enrollments at 5 universities
Flickr; Official U.S. Navy Page
The U.S. Department of Veterans Affairs announced Monday that may stop allowing new students to use their GI Bill benefits at five universities, citing "sufficient evidence" that the institutions engaged in false or misleading advertising, sales or enrollment practices.
It is giving the institutions — University of Phoenix, Colorado Technical University, American InterContinental University, Bellevue University and Temple University — 60 days to make changes before it will take action. Current students aren't affected, the VA notes.
The decision comes as veterans advocates and others push for closer scrutiny of the extent to which for-profit colleges, in particular, are able to access military benefits.
Three of the five institutions named in the VA's decision are for-profit, a class of colleges that has been criticized for having too much of a focus on recruiting military veterans who can use GI Bill benefits to cover their tuition.
Those funds aren't included in a federal rule that prevents for-profit colleges from deriving more than 90% of their revenue from federal education aid programs. Called the 90/10 rule, it is a quality assurance measure that reasons sources other than the government should be willing to provide at least 10% of institutions' income.
A 2016 analysis by the U.S. Department of Education found that 17 for-profit institutions didn't qualify under the current rule. Requiring for-profit colleges to count GI Bill benefits toward meeting the 90/10 benchmark would have resulted in nearly 200 of them not making the cut, according to the department's report.
There is also concern from watchdog groups about how military benefits are administered.
The VA's Office of the Inspector General (OIG) found in a 2018 audit that of 175 programs approved by six state oversight agencies, 35 had unsupported or improper approvals, missing or delayed reporting, or "potentially erroneous, deceptive, or misleading advertisements."
Those programs received more than $1.54 million in veterans benefits payments during the audit period of February 2015 through January 2016. The vast majority, 97%, went to for-profit colleges.
OIG found that in the coming five years, the department would issue $2.3 billion in improper payments to schools if it didn't improve its oversight measures.
Advocacy groups for years have been pushing the VA to step up its scrutiny of colleges approved to accept military education benefits. While veterans tend to perform better academically than their peers, they are less likely to enroll in schools with high graduation rates, one report found.
A spokesperson from Perdoceo Education Corporation, the parent company of American InterContinental and Colorado Technical universities, told Education Dive in an email, "We believe that we can demonstrate to the VA that we are in full compliance with their requirements and that necessary corrective action, if any, has already been taken."
Colorado Technical University was among the top recipients of GI Bill funds from 2009 to 2017, according to a 2019 report from advocacy group Veterans Success. It received $284.5 million for the period, and it spent just 8.2% of gross tuition and fees on instruction in 2017 — the smallest share among the institutions that ranked in the top 10.
The University of Phoenix received the most GI funding for the period at $1.9 billion. It spent 15.3% of gross tuition and fees on instruction. The three nonprofit or public colleges on the top 10 list each spent 31% or more on instruction in 2017, while just one for-profit college did.
A spokesperson for the University of Phoenix told Education Dive in an email that the institution "will respond expeditiously to the VA's teams that are handling the review process" and is "working to assure no disruptions" to current or future students. They pointed to a recent settlement with the Federal Trade Commission (FTC), saying the marketing campaign it had issues with ended six years ago and under prior ownership.
"The University admitted no wrongdoing in choosing to settle with the FTC and continues to believe we acted appropriately," the spokesperson wrote.
A Temple University spokesperson told Education Dive in an email that the university received notice from the VA "and will respond as requested to demonstrate the substantial corrective actions that have been undertaken."
A Bellevue University spokesperson said the institution is still reviewing the VA's notice but said it is related to a complaint about accreditation for one of its nursing programs that the Nebraska Attorney General filed nearly 14 months ago. "We are contesting the AG's complaint in the courts and believe that the evidence will show that no students were misled on the status of our nursing program accreditation," the spokesperson said.
Filed Under: Higher Ed For-Profit
GAISA Presses for Action from President-Elect Biden to Protect International Students Press release from Global Alliance for International Student Advancement (GAISA)
Latest in Higher Ed
In a year without admissions tests, elite college applications balloon
5 HBCU funding trends to watch in 2021
By Natalie Schwartz • Jan. 14, 2021
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Newzware - LOO Waterloo Courier
Marshall Graduation
Waterloo Graduation
Marshall/Waterloo Community Guide
The Art of Living Dorkily
Jan. 6 was an American tragedy
By Amber Gerber agerber@hngnews.com
Amber Gerber
It could have been much worse.
That is the sentiment in the days following the Jan. 6 attack at the U.S. Capitol as the 2020 election results were being certified. It’s the same statement we too often hear in the aftermath of a natural or man-made tragedy once details start to unfold after the initial shock of the event.
I was stopping by to see my mom during my lunch break; she’d been watching all of the news coming out of Washington, D.C., in the past few days, mostly because there wasn’t much else on TV. Suddenly, the news coverage stated Vice President Mike Pence was being evacuated.
“They’re inside the Capitol,” I told my mom, as the protestors outside breached the barricades surrounding the building. At that moment, the protest turned into a mob of rioters who decided the only way to make their voices heard was to get inside the building.
The live coverage of what was happening dominated social media and news outlets. We started seeing images from various news outlets, showing the scenes from inside the Capitol. Elected leaders were hunkered down under desks – similar to what happens when a school shooter is reported inside a building; armed Capitol police took action to protect lives, which included engaging with the mob; and rioters stormed the building, at times acting violently while some deciding it was important to take selfies or do livestreams of themselves invading the building.
And then we started to see images that went beyond the man smiling at the camera as he carried out Pelosi’s podium. People who were carrying zip ties; a makeshift gallows outside the Capitol; a police officer being beaten with flag poles; and reports later focused on how some of the rioters were armed and a cooler with Molotov cocktails had been recovered. The truth is that some of the people present didn’t just get caught up in the moment as some have claimed; they attended with the intent to do harm.
But for all of the images and videos we saw of people rioting in the Capitol, there were moments showing shining examples of the best of America like Officer Eugene Goodman whose quick-thinking lead the mob away from the Senate Chambers. I don’t want to imagine what would have happened if the Senate Chambers where elected officials were hiding had been entered by people with malicious intent.Some politicians and media personalities have said the mob was trying to make their voices heard about an election they have been told to believe was stolen. Conspiracy theorists and agitators claimed what had been planned as a peaceful protest was infiltrated by opponents of the current administration, a claim that had yet to be substantiated.
As the repercussions of Jan. 6 start to get underway, from arrests to the calling for the impeachment of President Donald Trump, it has become evident that, much like any other tragedy, the images from the day will be ingrained in the history of the United States. However, unlike tragedies of the past when the entire United States decided to rally together, this one will continue to divide us.
Follow Amber Gerber
Longtime pastor leaving St. Paul’s Lutheran Church
Briess closing Waterloo facility
Paging Dr. Truschinski
Wendy J. Kohls
More districts following Marshall’s lead for high school athletics
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Bisbay History, Family Crest & Coats of Arms
The roots of the name Bisbay are found among the Strathclyde-Briton people of the ancient Scottish/English Borderlands. Bisbay was originally found in East Renfrewshire at Busby, a village "partly in the parish of East Kilbride, Middle ward of the county of Lanark." [1] Alternatively the name could have been derived from Great Busby in Yorkshire which dates back to the Domesday Book of 1086 and was listed as Buschebi. [2] In either case, this place name is most likely derived from the Norman buki, meaning "bush" or "shrub."
Early Origins of the Bisbay family
The surname Bisbay was first found in Renfrewshire (Gaelic: Siorrachd Rinn Friù), a historic county of Scotland, today encompassing the Council Areas of Renfrew, East Renfrewshire, and Iverclyde, in the Strathclyde region of southwestern Scotland. The name is derived from "the lands of Busby or Busbie in the parish of Carmunnock, Renfrewshire.
In 1330, the office of notary was conferred on David de Busby of the diocese of Glasgow. " [3] Further to the south, the Yorkshire Poll Tax Rolls of 1379 list: Ricardus de Busby, and Adam de Buskeby. [4]
Early History of the Bisbay family
This web page shows only a small excerpt of our Bisbay research. Another 131 words (9 lines of text) covering the years 1408, 1411, 1488, 1491, 1526, 1648, 1606, 1695, 1635, 1695, 1644 and 1695 are included under the topic Early Bisbay History in all our PDF Extended History products and printed products wherever possible.
Bisbay Spelling Variations
In the era before dictionaries, there were no rules governing the spelling or translation of names or any other words. Consequently, there are an enormous number of spelling variations in Medieval Scottish names. Bisbay has appeared as Busby, Busbe, Busbie and others.
Early Notables of the Bisbay family (pre 1700)
Notable amongst the family at this time was The Rev. Dr. Richard Busby (1606-1695), an English clergyman, and headmaster of Westminster School, buried in Westminster Abbey. Nathaniel Bisby or Bisbie (1635-1695), was an English divine, son of the Rev. John Bisbie...
Another 40 words (3 lines of text) are included under the topic Early Bisbay Notables in all our PDF Extended History products and printed products wherever possible.
Migration of the Bisbay family
The freedom, opportunity, and land of the North American colonies beckoned. There, Scots found a place where they were generally free from persecution and where they could go on to become important players in the birth of new nations. Some fought in the American War of Independence, while others went north to Canada as United Empire Loyalists. The ancestors of all of these Scottish settlers have been able to recover their lost national heritage in the last century through highland games and Clan societies in North America. Among them: Bridget Busby who settled in Boston Massachusetts in 1637; Anne Busby settled in Virginia in 1635; John Busby settled in Delaware in 1682; John Busby settled in Boston in 1637.
Poll Tax
^ Lewis, Samuel, A Topographical Dictionary of England. Institute of Historical Research, 1848, Print.
^ Black, George F., The Surnames of Scotland Their Origin, Meaning and History. New York: New York Public Library, 1946. Print. (ISBN 0-87104-172-3)
^ Bardsley, C.W, A Dictionary of English and Welsh Surnames: With Special American Instances. Wiltshire: Heraldry Today, 1901. Print. (ISBN 0-900455-44-6)
Bisbay (Scottish)
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Haredge History, Family Crest & Coats of Arms
The history of the Haredge name began with the ancient Anglo-Saxon tribes of Britain. The name is derived from the Old Danish and Old Swedish name Erik and the Old Norse name Eiríkr. Many Scandinavian personal names were left in the British Isles as a legacy of the Viking raids which plagued the coastal regions of Britain from the 8th to 10th centuries, and many of these eventually became Anglo-Saxon surnames.
Early Origins of the Haredge family
The surname Haredge was first found in Leicestershire. The name was listed as Eiric, Eric, and Erish in the Domesday Book of 1086. [1] John Eirich was the first listing of the family in Leicestershire in 1211. [2]
"There is a tradition that the most ancient family of the Ericks derive lineage from Erick the Forester, a great commander, who raised an army to oppose the invasion of William the Conqueror, by whom he was vanquished, but afterwards employed to command that prince's forces, and in old age retired to his house in Leicestershire, where his family hath continued ever since." [3]
Early History of the Haredge family
This web page shows only a small excerpt of our Haredge research. Another 97 words (7 lines of text) covering the years 1450, 1557, 1753, 1591, 1674, 1591, 1592, 1694, 1600, 1667, 1600, 1658, 1695, 1685, 1686, 1600, 1667 and 1600 are included under the topic Early Haredge History in all our PDF Extended History products and printed products wherever possible.
Haredge Spelling Variations
Sound was what guided spelling in the essentially pre-literate Middle Ages, so one person's name was often recorded under several variations during a single lifetime. Also, before the advent of the printing press and the first dictionaries, the English language was not standardized. Therefore, spelling variations were common, even among the names of the most literate people. Known variations of the Haredge family name include Herrick, Herricke and others.
Early Notables of the Haredge family (pre 1700)
Notables of the family at this time include Robert Herrick (1591-1674), and English poet, the fourth son of Nicholas Herrick, a goldsmith in Cheapside, by his wife Julian Stone who was baptised at the church of St. Vedast, Foster Lane, on 24 August 1591. He who wrote over 2,500 poems. His father, who came of an ancient Leicestershire family of Heyricks or Eyrickes, died in November 1592 of injuries caused by a fall from an upper window of his house. It was suspected that the fall was not accidental. [4] Thomas Heyrick (d. 1694), English poet and divine, son of Thomas Heyrick...
Another 187 words (13 lines of text) are included under the topic Early Haredge Notables in all our PDF Extended History products and printed products wherever possible.
Migration of the Haredge family to Ireland
Some of the Haredge family moved to Ireland, but this topic is not covered in this excerpt. More information about their life in Ireland is included in all our PDF Extended History products and printed products wherever possible.
Migration of the Haredge family
For political, religious, and economic reasons, thousands of English families boarded ships for Ireland, the Canadas, the America colonies, and many of smaller tropical colonies in the hope of finding better lives abroad. Although the passage on the cramped, dank ships caused many to arrive in the New World diseased and starving, those families that survived the trip often went on to make valuable contributions to those new societies to which they arrived. Early immigrants bearing the Haredge surname or a spelling variation of the name include : Jacob Herrick settled in New York in 1646; Henry Herrick settled in Salem, Massachusetts in 1630; Thomas Herrick settled in Virginia in 1636.
The Haredge Motto +
Motto: Virtus omnia nobilitat
Motto Translation: Virtue ennobles all things.
^ Reaney, P.H and R.M. Wilson, A Dictionary of English Surnames. London: Routledge, 1991. Print. (ISBN 0-415-05737-X)
^ Lowe, Mark Anthony, Patronymica Britannica, A Dictionary of Family Names of the United Kingdom. London: John Russel Smith, 1860. Print.
Haredge (English)
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Lochrane History, Family Crest & Coats of Arms
This Lochrane surname is an Anglicized form of the Gaelic "Luachra," derived from the word "luachair," which means "rushes" or "sedges."
Early Origins of the Lochrane family
The surname Lochrane was first found in Armagh (Irish: Ard Mhacha) located in the province of Ulster in present day Northern Ireland, where they held a family seat as ecclesiastics in west Armagh and Antrim. Irish history was greatly influenced by the Norman invasion of 1172, and thereafter, the surnames of Irish Gaelic clanns and septs and many of the Norman families became almost indistinguishable. This family name was found later in Tyrone about 1430.
Early History of the Lochrane family
This web page shows only a small excerpt of our Lochrane research. Another 95 words (7 lines of text) covering the years 1416, 1576, 1612, and 1652 are included under the topic Early Lochrane History in all our PDF Extended History products and printed products wherever possible.
Lochrane Spelling Variations
Spelling variations of this family name include: Loughran, Lochrane, Lochraine, Lutheran, Lochran, Laugheran, Loughrey, O'Loughran, O'Lochrane, O'Lochran, O'Loughraine and many more.
Early Notables of the Lochrane family (pre 1700)
More information is included under the topic Early Lochrane Notables in all our PDF Extended History products and printed products wherever possible.
Migration of the Lochrane family
Some of the first settlers of this family name or some of its variants were: Owen Loughran, who was an 'enforced emigrant' from Ireland to America in 1738; Peter Loughran, who was recorded in Philadelphia in 1826; Jeremiah Loughry, who arrived in New York in 1740.
Norman invasion
Family seat
Lochrane (Irish)
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THEDE
God is on a mission in the world, and at Hess Road Wesleyan we want to partner with Him in as many ways possible. One of the clearest ways to team-up with God is to support long-term missionaries in their work overseas.
A long-term missionary is an individual or family that has been called by God to share the Gospel in a foreign and/or cross-cultural situation. As a local church, we support them prayerfully and financially. The missionaries send regular updates regarding their work, which prompt our praise of God and intercession on their behalf. The church sends financial support, which enables the missionaries to continue to do what they 've been called to do by Christ.
We have partnered with 5 missionary families through Global Partners. We've purposefully chosen families serving in various parts of the world.
Jonathan and Kathy Wilson, with Wycliffe Bible Translators, are also supported by one of our Sunday School Classes, and are considered a much-loved part of our church family.
Use the above map to help get acquainted with our missionary families!
Kory & Chris Thede - Haiti
Ephesians 4:12 NAS: “for the equipping of the saints for the work of service, to the building up of the body of Christ.”
Through agricultural, medical, and spiritual education, Haitian Christians can live better and touch others for Christ. One improved life impacts many others within a community. By helping to meet needs, Cory and Kris strive to strengthen the faithful and draw people to the Lord.
Cory and Kris encourage, pray, work, and partner with nationals and international visitors. As part of the Haitian community—sharing in the sorrows and joys of normal life—the Thedes desire to glorify God by helping build His kingdom.
Chris & Wendy England - Croatia
Chris and Wendy have been ministering as long-term missionaries in Croatia since 2005. Both of them experienced short-term mission opportunities as young people and then together after they were married.
Colossians 1:28-29 (NIV) speaks to the Englands about their call to ministry and missions: “We proclaim him, admonishing and teaching everyone with all wisdom, so that we may present everyone perfect in Christ. To this end I labor, struggling with all his energy, which so powerfully works in me.”
Their desire is to model Christ to the people of Croatia, share with them His transforming power, connect them with other Christian believers, equip them to grow in their walk with Christ, and challenge them to discover Christ’s call to ministry.
Jim & Karen Pickett - Mozambique
Resourcing and mentoring pastors and pastors-in-training across Mozambique has been Jim’s passion since 1999. Jim is a professor at Xai-Xai Bible College and conducts seminars at churches. He has also produced water filters in Northern Mozambique. Previously, Jim pastored in New York for 10 years.
Karen is a professor at the Bible college and assists the Mozambican church in developing Sunday school, teaching, and organizational ideas that they can reproduce to equip and energize their local congregations. She has also taught at two missionary children’s schools.
Jim has a master’s in missions and education. Karen has a master’s in ESL (English as a second language).
Uncover Missionaries - Asia
God placed a calling and passion on this family's heart for the Muslim people. Since going on the field they have marveled at the grace of God and continue to work to see the Kingdom of God come to Central Asia.
"Pray also for me, that whenever I speak, words may be given me so that I will fearlessly make known the mystery of the gospel... Pray that I may declare it fearlessly, as I should." - Ephesians 6:19,20
Chris & Melissa George - Australia
Christopher grew up in a parsonage in the Western New York District of The Wesleyan Church. At a youth convention at the age of 14, he felt a call into full-time ministry. Melissa grew up in the Central New York District of The Wesleyan Church. She always knew that God was preparing her for missions work. Both Chris and Melissa are graduates of Indiana Wesleyan University and were ordained by the Western New York District.
In the spring of 2003, Chris and Melissa led a short-term mission trip to Perth, Australia. While visiting, they felt the Lord calling them back to minister to the people in Australia as full–time missionaries. Since 2004 Chris and Melissa have served as church planters in Western Australia.
Their mission, together with the Lord, is to:
• plant healthy churches throughout Western Australia;
• bring people to the Lord and then nurture and disciple new believers in their faith;
• provide relevant ministries for adults, youth, and children of Landsdale Community Wesleyan Church;
• assist in developing ministries and opportunities for church growth throughout the Southern District of the Wesleyan Methodist Church of Australia.
Chris and Melissa have three children: Makayla (’03), Dawson (’05), and Brayden (’09).
“In the same way, let your light shine in front of others. Then they will see the good things you do. And they will praise your Father who is in heaven” (Matthew 5:16 NIRV).
Jonathan & Kathy Wilson - Papua New Guinea
The Binandere are a language group of approximately 10,000 people who inhabit villages along the banks of three major rivers in Oro Province, Papua New Guinea. The Wilsons are working together with their Binandere co-translators to translate the New Testament and portions of the Old Testament into their heart language. They are also teaching Binandere literacy classes and training their co-translators to develop their translation skills.
They invite you to join them as prayer and/or financial partners in their Wycliffe ministry. Serving together you will be making God's Word available to the Binandere people so that they can better grasp just how great God's love is for them.
© 2016 by Rosework Designs. Proudly created with Wix.com
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You'll have to wait to buy 2021 cars, trucks, SUVs: Automakers are delaying next year's models
Nathan Bomey / USA TODAY
Usually around late summer, car dealerships begin trotting out the first batch of new models.
This year you'll have to wait.
With the coronavirus pandemic slamming the auto industry, certain 2021 vehicles will arrive late as automakers have put the brakes on dozens of debuts.
“We’ve seen quite a few delays,” said Jeff Schuster, president of global vehicle forecasts for research firm LMC Automotive.
While there’s yet to be a new model canceled publicly, at least 24 redesigned or new vehicles that were poised to roll out in the coming months won’t come out on time, according to LMC Automotive, which provided a partial list to USA TODAY. They include the Ford F-150, Cadillac Escalade and Acura MDX.
Though designers and engineers are largely able to work from home, plant shutdowns and a sales slowdown have caused the delays.
Overall, automakers had planned launches of 38 redesigned or new 2021 model-year vehicles in the 2020 calendar year. A vehicle is generally considered redesigned when its styling, size, chassis or powertrain have been substantially overhauled.
Of those 38, five have already launched, including the Tesla Model Y crossover, while 12 have been delayed within the year and 12 have been pushed into next year, according to LMC.
And some are “still at risk to slip into next year,” Schuster said.
The highest-profile delay is for the highest-profile vehicle: the Ford F-150.
Part of the F-series lineup, which is the best-selling vehicle in America, the F-150 is poised for a total redesign. But Ford is expected to delay the start of production from July to September, according to LMC.
Getting the redone F-150 launched as soon as possible is extremely important for Ford’s finances. But the two plants where the vehicle is assembled – one in Missouri and one in Michigan – have each grappled with brief production stoppages due to positive coronavirus tests among workers after they resumed operations following two-month shutdowns.
“That’s a substantial launch in a good year and, when everything is normal, a challenging one,” Schuster said.
Ford is also expected to delay the rollout of the highly anticipated return of the Ford Bronco SUV, which was set to begin production in December but now won't start until February.
Other high-profile delays of production, according to LMC, include the:
Nissan Frontier: from April 2020 to April 2021. Acura MDX: from May to October. Ford Mustang Mach-E: from July to September. Toyota Sienna 500B: from July to September. Cadillac Escalade: from July to August.
Cancelations are unlikely, if only because much of the investment in the redesign and production setup has already been allocated.
“They were just too far along to cancel,” Schuster said.
Still, while automakers may not abandon redesigned or brand-new vehicles that were in the works, they may decide to eliminate existing models that aren’t selling well to make room for the newcomers amid a sluggish sales environment. They’ve been eliminating poorly selling models in droves in recent years with the cancelation of vehicles like the Chevrolet Cruze, Ford Focus and the Fiat 500.
“I do think there’s going to be further trimming of product lines,” said Michelle Krebs, analyst for car-buying site Autotrader.
As of late May, about 10% of vehicles on dealer lots were still 2019 models, according to car research site Edmunds.
To be sure, dealers aren’t being flooded with vehicle inventory. Production shutdowns during the height of COVID-19 have prevented that from happening.
But that means “there just won’t be as many 2020 model years out there” as there usually would be for the current model year, Edmunds analyst Jessica Caldwell said.
Production shutdowns aren’t the only problem for the automakers. The cancelation of the 2020 Detroit auto show and the 2020 New York auto show, plus the inability to organize solo publicity events, is making it difficult for automakers to generate buzz about redesigned models.
For example, General Motors was supposed to debut the revived Hummer in May in a bid to give the newly styled GMC-line electric pickup a big boost out of the gate. But that event hasn’t happened.
“Automakers are struggling in terms of introducing their vehicles and how to create a high-profile event to get attention,” Caldwell said. “You can’t just be producing vehicles nobody knows about.”
Follow USA TODAY reporter Nathan Bomey on Twitter @NathanBomey.
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The National Transportation Safety Board has issued a dramatic recommendation in order to help reduce the number of people being killed in alcohol-related car accidents every year. The Board has recommended that the DUI threshold for the legal permissible level of .08 which is currently in place in so many states including California, be reduced to .05.
The Board is recommending that all 50 states adopt a maximum alcohol level of .05, instead of the .08 current standard. According to the Board, many Americans are now under a false sense of security because of the decline in the number of drunk driving accident-related deaths over the past few years. The Board however believes that drunk driving is an epidemic on our roads, and is suggesting a reduced blood alcohol level in order to minimize drunk driving accidents.
According to the National Transportation Safety Board, dropping the legally permissible alcohol level to .05 would save between 500 and 800 lives in alcohol-related car accidents every year. If this lower limit is adopted, then Los Angeles DUI lawyers believe that a person can become legally intoxicated as soon as he has had a couple of drinks. According to a calculator that was developed by the University of Oklahoma, an average male weighing about 180 pounds, who has 4 drinks in an hour, can rate.08% on a test. The same person however, can rate .05% on a test, after having had just two or three drinks in an hour.
The National Transportation Safety Board recommendations are just that, recommendations. None of the federal transportation safety agencies, like the National Highway Traffic Safety Administration, are under any obligation to implement these recommendations.
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British Library to Create Email Archive
Breakthrough Thinking
Millions of emails are to be stored at the British Library in a unique project to preserve present day communications for future generations, it was announced today. Microsoft is joining forces with the library to collect a million entries for the "email Britain" archive.
Emails have become the main form of communication for many people, and the idea is to capture blunders, complaints, humour, romance and other topics.
John Tuck, the head of British Collections at the British Library, said: "Email has, in many respects, replaced traditional forms of communications such as letters or memoranda. In the digital age, email has become prevalent in our day-to-day lives. Email Britain will allow us to archive a vast snapshot of our present-day communications and will be of great value for future researchers.
"Digital archiving of email has never been attempted before on this scale and we’re very excited to be capturing such a rich slice of contemporary life."
People are being asked to forward an email to [email protected] from their inbox or "sent" mail that represents life as they see it today.
Phone Companies Charge..
Ultimately, Political Correctness..
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New approach to circuit compression could deliver real-world quantum computers years ahead of schedule
Engineering, new technology, quantum computing, Science & Technology News
Compression of a circuit that has an initial volume of 882 using the proposed method. The reduced circuit has a volume of 420, less than half its original volume.
A major technical challenge for any practical, real-world quantum computer comes from the need for a large number of physical qubits to deal with errors that accumulate during computation. Such quantum error correction is resource-intensive and computationally time-consuming. But researchers have found an effective software method that enables significant compression of quantum circuits, relaxing the demands placed on hardware development.
Quantum computers may still be far from a commercial reality, but what is termed ‘quantum advantage’—the ability of a quantum computer to compute hundreds or thousands of times faster than a classical computer-has indeed been achieved on what are called Noisy Intermediate-Scale Quantum (NISQ) devices in early proof-of-principle experiments.
Unfortunately, NISQ devices are still prone to lots of errors that accumulate during their operation. For there to be any real-world application of quantum advantage, the design of a fully operational large-scale quantum computer with high error tolerance is required. Currently, NISQ devices can be engineered with approximately 100 qubits, but fault-tolerant computers would need millions of physical qubits at the very least to encode the logical information with sufficiently low error rates. A fault-tolerant implementation of quantum computational circuits not only makes the quantum computer larger, but also the runtime longer by orders of magnitude. An extended runtime itself in turn means the computation is even more susceptible to errors.
While advances in hardware may address this resource gap, researchers from the National Institute of Informatics (NII) and Nippon Telegraph and Telephone Corporation (NTT) in Japan tackled the problem from the software development side by compressing quantum circuits in large-scale fault-tolerant quantum computers, potentially reducing the need for hardware improvements.
“By compressing quantum circuits, we could reduce the size of the quantum computer and its runtime, which in turn lessens the requirement for error protection,” said Michael Hanks, a researcher at NII and one of the authors of a paper, published November 11 in Physical Review X.
Large-scale quantum computer architectures depend on an error correction code to function properly, the most commonly used of which is surface code and its variants.
The researchers focused on the circuit compression of one of these variants: the 3-D-topological code. This code behaves particularly well for distributed quantum computer approaches and has wide applicability to different varieties of hardware. In the 3-D-topological code, quantum circuits look like interlacing tubes or pipes, and are commonly called “braided circuits. The 3-D diagrams of braided circuits can be manipulated to compress and thus reduce the volume they occupy. Until now, the challenge has been that such “pipe manipulation” is performed in an ad-hoc fashion. Moreover, there have only been partial rules for how to do this.
“Previous compression approaches cannot guarantee whether the resulting quantum circuit is correct,” said co-author Marta Estarellas, a researcher at NII. “One has to be very careful to check its correctness every time one of these compression rules is applied. This is an important issue, as such a task is as hard as running the whole quantum circuit.”
The research team proposes the use of ZX-calculus as a language for this intermediate stage of compilation. ZX-calculus is a 2-D diagrammatic language (using diagrams and imagery instead of words) developed in the late 2000s expressly to allow an intuitive representation of qubit processes. More importantly, it comes with a complete set of manipulation rules.
In their paper, the researchers harness ZX-calculus by discovering the translation relations between ZX-calculus and the components of the braided circuit. The researchers have shown that these two representations of logical gate circuits can be mapped to one another by identifying a new interpretation that had been hidden within ZX-calculus all along.
The ZX-calculus language can apply a set of transformation rules to alter the structure of the circuit without altering its underlying mathematical meaning (and thus its operation) and therefore ensuring its correctness. By altering that conceptual structure carefully, the volume of the circuit can be minimized, achieving considerable compression rates once this new structure is mapped to the actual braided quantum circuit.
Applying this technique, the researchers report compression reductions of up to 77 percent, equivalent to a 40 percent reduction compared to the best previous efforts.
“The compression method and its further development could deliver realization of a real-world fault-tolerant quantum computer years ahead of schedule,” said William J. Munro, a research scientist at NTT, who also contributed to the research.
“Interestingly, it could also be the foundation of future operating system development,” said Kae Nemoto, Director of the Global Research Center for Quantum Information Science at NII. “It could still take many years for these software developments to be implemented in fully-scalable quantum computers, but our method could save a great deal of effort associated with hardware development in the meantime.”
Via Phys.org
Tag: circuit compression, error correction, quantum circuits
Honda launching world’s..
Smart concrete could..
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★ CPI Inflation Calculator
U.K. inflation rate in 1853: 9.88%
£1 in 1855 → 1853
GBP inflation rate in 2020
UK future inflation calculator
Inflation in 1853 and its effect on pound value
£1 in 1852 is equivalent in purchasing power to about £1.10 in 1853. The pound had an average inflation rate of 9.88% per year between 1852 and 1853, producing a cumulative price increase of 9.88%. Purchasing power decreased by 9.88% in 1853 compared to 1852. On average, you would have to spend 9.88% more money in 1853 than in 1852 for the same item.
This means that prices in 1853 are 1.10 times higher than average prices since 1852, according to the Office for National Statistics composite price index.
The 1852 inflation rate was 0.00%. The inflation rate in 1853 was 9.88%. The 1853 inflation rate is higher compared to the average inflation rate of 2.95% per year between 1853 and 2020.
Inflation rate is calculated by change in the composite price index (CPI). The CPI in 1853 was 8.90. It was 8.10 in the previous year, 1852. The difference in CPI between the years is used by the Office for National Statistics to officially determine inflation.
Formulas & How to Calculate
Inflation from 1852 to 1853
Average inflation rate 9.88%
Converted amount (£1 base) £1.10
Price difference (£1 base) £0.10
CPI in 1852 8.100
Inflation in 1852 0.00%
£1 in 1852 £1.10 in 1853
GBP Inflation since 1750
Annual Rate, the Office for National Statistics CPI
How to Calculate Inflation Rate for £1, 1852 to 1853
Our calculations use the following inflation rate formula to calculate the change in value between 1852 and 1853:
CPI in 1853 CPI in 1852
1852 GBP value
Then plug in historical CPI values. The U.K. CPI was 8.1 in the year 1852 and 8.9 in 1853:
£1 in 1852 has the same "purchasing power" or "buying power" as £1.10 in 1853.
To get the total inflation rate for the 1 years between 1852 and 1853, we use the following formula:
CPI in 1853 - CPI in 1852CPI in 1852
Cumulative inflation rate (1 years)
Plugging in the values to this equation, we get:
8.9 - 8.18.1
News headlines from 1852
Politics and news often influence economic performance. Here's what was happening at the time:
what to the Slave is the Fourth of July speech was delivered by a fugitive slave Frederick Douglass, who condemned the celebration as a sham
The Independence of Transvaal, South Africa, is recognized by Great Britain.
American Geographical Society names George Bancroft as its first president.
Data Source & Citation
Raw data for these calculations comes from the composite price index published by the UK Office for National Statistics (ONS). A composite index is created by combining price data from several different published sources, both official and unofficial. The Consumer Price Index, normally used to compute inflation, has only been tracked since 1988. All inflation calculations after 1988 use the Office for National Statistics' Consumer Price Index, except for 2017, which is based on The Bank of England's forecast.
You may use the following MLA citation for this page: “Inflation Rate in 1853 | UK Inflation Calculator.” Official Inflation Data, Alioth Finance, 16 Jan. 2021, https://www.officialdata.org/UK-inflation-rate-in-1853.
Special thanks to QuickChart for their chart image API, which is used for chart downloads.
in2013dollars.com is a reference website maintained by the Official Data Foundation.
Ian Webster is an engineer and data expert based in San Mateo, California. He has worked for Google, NASA, and consulted for governments around the world on data pipelines and data analysis. Disappointed by the lack of clear resources on the impacts of inflation on economic indicators, Ian believes this website serves as a valuable public tool. Ian earned his degree in Computer Science from Dartmouth College.
Email · LinkedIn · Twitter
» Read more about inflation and investment.
U.S. Inflation
Canada Inflation
Australia Inflation
Euro Inflation
Venezuela Inflation
© 2021 Official Data Foundation / Alioth LLC. Contact
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Michael Hardt, Antonio Negri
Imperialism as we knew it may be no more, but Empire is alive and well. It is, as Michael Hardt and Antonio Negri demonstrate in this bold work, the new political order of globalization. It is easy to recognize the contemporary economic, cultural, and legal transformations taking place across the globe but difficult to understand them. Hardt and Negri contend that they should be seen in line with our historical understanding of Empire as a universal order that accepts no boundaries or limits. Their book shows how this emerging Empire is fundamentally different from the imperialism of European dominance and capitalist expansion in previous eras. Rather, today's Empire draws on elements of U.S. constitutionalism, with its tradition of hybrid identities and expanding frontiers. Empire identifies a radical shift in concepts that form the philosophical basis of modern politics, concepts such as sovereignty, nation, and people. Hardt and Negri link this philosophical transformation to cultural and economic changes in postmodern society--to new forms of racism, new conceptions of identity and difference, new networks of communication and control, and new paths of migration. They also show how the power of transnational corporations and the increasing predominance of postindustrial forms of labor and production help to define the new imperial global order. More than analysis, Empire is also an unabashedly utopian work of political philosophy, a new Communist Manifesto. Looking beyond the regimes of exploitation and control that characterize today's world order, it seeks an alternative political paradigm--the basis for a truly democratic global society.
Harvard University Press, 9780674006713, 496pp.
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International Business Times, Singapore Edition
Jessica Biel opens up about Silas Randall Timberlake
Jessica Biel and Justin Timberlake welcomed their son in April 2015.
By Simi John
June 6, 2016 19:02 +08
IBTimes UK
Jessica Biel has opened up about how motherhood has changed her life. The It's Not a Bad Thing singer and the 34-year-old actress welcomed their first child, Silas Randall Timberlake in April 2015.
Biel told OK! magazine: "So amazing. So lovely. I'm over the moon! It's probably the most challenging job in the world, but also the most joyous."
Adding on, the Total Recall star revealed her favourite time to spend with her bundle of joy. She said: "He looks up and sighs and I can feel his smile from deep inside. That feels like pure magic."
Meanwhile, Biel will be seen in the upcoming movie The Devil and the Deep Blue Sea, directed by Bill Purple, and Justin worked on the soundtracks for the film. She revealed: "We were having dinner at our house, early on, and he expressed a sort of off-hand interest. Then when it became real, he was like 'Ummm... I don't know if I'll have the time!' But he loved the story and he jumped at it and did a spectacular job."
Meanwhile, in an interview with Ellen DeGeneres in April 2013, Justin, who previously dated Britney Spears and Cameron Diaz, opened up about his relationship with Biel saying: "It's nice to marry your best friend. It suits me.
"Every once in a while I can catch a glimpse of her when she doesn't see me looking, and I have this moment where I'm like, 'If you never make a good decision...if you only make bad decisions for the rest of your life. You made one really good decision'," he added.
The Penthouse Season 2 teasers are HERE: Pre-release clips from Kim So-yeon's series promise more suspense, thrills
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Kim Se Jung–EXO Sehun Relationship: Actress Reveals The Truth, Responds to Malicious Comments
Former Gugudan member Kim Se Jung and EXO's Sehun filmed together for variety show...
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Combating illegal wildlife trade - Greater Virunga Landscape
strengthening community participation across borders
We work with enforcers to interrupt cross-border wildlife trafficking routes.
Stretching across Rwanda, Democratic Republic of the Congo, and Uganda, the Greater Virunga Landscape is one of the most biodiverse areas on the planet. With Virunga and Queen Elizabeth National Park at its center, it is home to some of the world’s rarest species of plants and animals. But rampant poaching and trafficking are threatening the park’s wildlife. Populations of hippos, elephants, monkeys, and pangolins are plummeting as poachers catch these animals and sell them for their parts. Limited resources and political insecurity make it even more difficult for law enforcement officers to protect wildlife.
With funding from the European Union, IFAW and partners have embarked on a mission to increase security in the Greater Virunga Landscape to protect both wildlife and humans. First, we provided training to law enforcement officers on the ground who can act as the first line of defense against poachers. Next, we created a team of intelligent officers and wildlife crime analysts who can review data and collaborate with governmental agencies thanks to the addition of camera traps and new patrol equipment. Community members also play a critical role in the protection of local wildlife. We engaged 20 community wildlife monitors who help us gather information that can lead to arrests of poachers and the confiscation of deadly traps.
We’ve trained over 120 law enforcement and judiciary officers from Uganda and DR Congo. One of these training sessions even inspired the establishment of a dedicated team of prosecutors to handle wildlife crime cases in Goma. This has all led to a 60% increase in conviction and sentencing rates for wildlife crime cases between October and June 2020. Most recently, we constructed a new ranger outpost in Edward flats at the heart of a key trafficking route and a hotspot for elephant poaching.
cross-border patrols were organized (each covering a stretch of 30 kms) to disrupt poaching and trafficking networks.
This project is funded by the European Union and implemented by IFAW in partnership with IUCN Netherlands, the Virunga Foundation, Institut Congolais pour la Conservation de la Nature and Uganda Wildlife Authority. The contents of this page are the sole responsibility of IFAW and do not necessarily reflect the views of the European Union.
our work can’t get done without you. please give what you can to help animals thrive.
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Guns n' Roses Slash has defended Lindsay Lohan following her latest arrest
Guns n' Roses Slash
The 'Liz & Dick' actress was arrested just after midnight on for fleeing the scene of an accident in New York when her car allegedly hit a pedestrian and after it was revealed she had been at a Slash concert before the incident, he took to twitter to defend her.
The musician wrote: "The situation last night w/Lindsey was a lame paparazzi stunt. She didn't do anything. it's being blown out of proportion (sic)."
Lindsay’s alleged victim, Jose Rodriquez, claims she was "slurring" her words after the collision outside the city's Dream Hotel.
Jose said: "I saw this car come real quick and hit me. I was in so much pain. I fell to the side.
"When she got out of the car, I asked, 'Why did you do that?' She said, 'You have to get out of the way.' She told me I have to move."
"She was slurring. She smelled like alcohol real bad."
Jose said one of the men in the car moved Lindsay from the driver's seat into the back and then told him there was "no problem".
Jose added: "He kept saying, 'We have to move the car,' and for me to move. They drove off, like it didn't matter."
However, Lindsay is said to have told pals she feels she has been "set up" and thinks there's something "fishy" about her arrest.
The 26-year-old star claims she had no idea she had struck anyone and didn't know about the incident until she was arrested when she left the hotel at around 2.30am.
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ISP is made up of three emerging curators - Sorcha Delahunty, Thalia Livingstone, and Phebe Shields.
The mission of ISP is threefold, in that they aim to:
(i) showcase and celebrate ground-breaking experimental works by emerging artists;
(ii) create opportunities for connection and collaboration between artists; and
(iii) Inspire people to engage in critical thought and conversation regarding contemporary societal and environmental issues.
Phebe.
Phebe is an emerging curator and events producer, currently completing her Masters in Arts & Cultural Management at The University of Melbourne. She is particularly interested in experimental art and projects that act to challenge political/societal assumptions and misconceptions (which can often be harmful or unfair). She has a broad range of practical experience working and volunteering in the arts and events, including in: the curation/production of small-scale arts events; as a Feature Film Programmer for the Human Rights Arts & Film Festival (HRAFF); and in her current role as a Venue Operations Supervisor with Museums Victoria. With a background in moral psychology and a strong interest in human rights, Phebe is interested in taking a multi-disciplinary approach to curatorship, in creating events that explore the links between the arts, psychology, and philosophy.
Sorcha.
Sorcha Rae Delahunty is currently completing her Masters of Arts and Cultural Management, writing a minor thesis exploring censorship in Australian art museums, while working in Melbourne. She’s worked as a co-curator and project manager on a number of student centred projects with the University of Melbourne. Sorcha has a cross-disciplinary background with a Bachelor of Arts, in history with a focus on gender and queer theory and film studies, and a Bachelor of Fine Arts, focussed in printmaking and painting, from UNSW Art & Design. Informed by her academic background, she is interested in exploring the interaction of repetition with glitch and erasure, and the intersections of phenomenology and politics of desire.
Thalia.
Thalia Livingstone is a graduate of BFA in Dance and was selected to represent the Faculty of Fine Arts and Music through her Valedictory address, as well as being awarded the Choreographic Development Award and Dancehouse and Union House Theatre Dance Award for 2019.
Thalia followed her passion into dance at VCA after completing a Bachelor of Design (Architecture) at the University of Western Australia. As a dance-artist she cultivates choreographic imagination through reframing perceptions of space, interrogating why we choose to occupy places in certain ways and expanding possibilities within spaces. She expects these curiosities to be carried forward into her work as a curator as well. Thalia is the co-founder of collaborative ensemble DiANGLe, who premiered their debut work ‘Dark Points’ at Melbourne Fringe Festival last year. Thalia is currently based in Venice, where she is performing in the 14th La Biennale Danza.
Chelsea.
Graphic Designer.
Chelsea Birrane is a freelance graphic designer working in Melbourne, Australia and currently completing a Bachelors of Communication Design at RMIT University. She has a passion for local design movements, and enjoys working collaboratively with artists of all disciplines to create problem solving and boundary pushing designs.
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Workplace Skyscrapers: A licence to thrill
Skyscrapers: A licence to thrill
It's no longer enough to be a tall building or skyscraper with just a restaurant at the top. Visitors now want to walk and even slide, high in the sky.
Times and tastes have changed. It is no longer enough to be a tall building with just a restaurant at the top offering a birds-eye view of the city: visitors want to walk, jump, even slide, high in the sky.
A thrill-seeker generation is game for something special – an added attraction, a visitor experience – and the property market is feeding global demand, delivering towering structures with a difference worldwide.
In Canada, Toronto has the EdgeWalk, where you can go full-circle, hands-free in a harness all the way round the roof on the exterior, atop the 116-storey CN Tower. If you would rather jump than walk, New Zealand offers the Auckland SkyJump, where daredevil visitors plummet on a wire 192 feet down the Sky Tower, at a speed of 85km/h.
Alternatively, for a fairground ride with a twist, the OUE Skyspace LA, at the newly-renovated US Bank Tower in Los Angeles opened in 2016. There, California’s tallest open-air observation deck will come complete with a 45ft-long glass slide to carry visitors down from the 70th to 69th floor, outside the building, 1,000ft up.
This dynamic growth pattern in commercial high-rise development appears part of a broader trend affecting the tourism market at large, observes Wayne Allison, National Director, Project Management, at JLL.
“There’s an evolution in tourism, which is proving influential. For attractions and destinations to engage and connect, perhaps repeatedly, there has to be a value-add,” he says. “This seems to be a driver not just for bolt-ons to new buildings, but also upgrades to existing, even historic landmarks. Both the Eiffel Tower and Tower Bridge now have a feature glass floor and there is a demand for more interactive and immersive kinds of visitor experience, especially among a younger demographic.”
When tall alone is not enough
To boost the profile of an aspiring world city in a global marketplace, signature high-rise structures still represent a must-have for 21st-century development. However, with competition rising like the skyline, the real estate challenge is changing. As a crowdpuller, tall still works, just not on its own, explains Emma Cullen, Projects & Marketing Manager for the Eureka Skydeck experience, in Melbourne, Australia.
“Tall buildings have always played a big role,” she says. “Most large cities can be identified by a single tower or structure, such as the Empire State Building, Burj Khalifa or The Shard. Now, however, with the growth of urban high-rise living, a tower’s beautiful design or highest peak doesn’t automatically grant icon status.”
Cullen speaks from a unique perspective, literally. A gold-plated skyscraper by the Yarra River, Eureka Tower is the world’s tallest residential building, boasting the highest public observation deck in the Southern Hemisphere. As well as an unparalleled visual panorama, Eureka Skydeck is also home to the Edge Experience – a glass cube that projects out from the 88th floor suspending visitors almost 300 meters above the city.
This, Cullen argues, is the kind of differentiator a modern tower needs: “A thrill experience develops a point of difference for a tower and drives media exposure and visitation to the public access points, such as observation decks. Executed right, it can generate significant brand strength, which only elevates the property value.”
Providing an additional draw for the public also means the likes of high-rise office buildings can play a more active part in the fabric of a 24-hour city, suggests David Reynolds, JLL National Director and Head of Neighbourly Matters.
“With tall buildings in general, the agenda is complex: it’s a matter of trying to find a balance between requirements of a growing population, urban density, job creation, wealth expansion, lifestyle, community and well-being,” he explains. “We have to recognize that government, local authorities and planners don’t want dead zones in cities – for instance in financial districts such as London, Frankfurt and New York after 6pm. Tall buildings offering alternative attractions help with growth and introduce a different source of revenue.”
Tech steps in to add the thrill factor
It seems likely that the immediate future will see developers building-in even bigger, better and faster attractions to fuel the public appetite – as evidenced by the upcoming project at Embassy Gardens in London, which will showcase a pair of 10-storey buildings linked together by a high-level glass-bottomed swimming pool.
However, fashions in tourism and consumer culture are also being driven by trends in the entertainment sector, where there is a lot of interest in digital gaming and excitement about Virtual Reality (VR) technology, such as Oculus Rift.
Innovation in this field could impact significantly on exactly how real-estate thrills get delivered. According to Reynolds, VR may well help creatives work around the twin obstacles of corporate restraint and planning restrictions.
“With the technology coming through, who is to say we won’t have a change in direction? At the minute, we have physical zip-wires and slides. However, you may have a breakout space in a corporate world where the physical manifestation may not be tolerated, but you can however utilize VR solutions instead.
“Similarly, in the more conservative planning areas like London and Paris, it will typically be baby steps with the physical thrill features, unlike Vegas or Dubai. So, again, VR equivalents may help gain more immediate buy-in.”
Looking ahead, strong prospects are forecast for ongoing integration of physical and digital worlds. Particularly with respect to high-rise development, therefore, this marriage of place and technology offers the real-estate sector a dynamic opportunity, Allison believes.
“I think VR is going to fly. People are already being walked through buildings with a 360° immersive virtual experience. You will see VR alongside physical sensory elements and effects catering to smell and touch to heighten the experience.”
Indeed, modern culture is increasingly putting a premium on novel experiences. “It comes back to making sure the real-estate environment in which we live, work and play is exceeding people’s expectations. Meeting expectations has already been built – the future lies in the rest,” Reynolds concludes.
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Education minister: TAU Nakba event 'outrageous'
Sa'ar calls on Tel Aviv University president to reconsider his decision to allow on-campus ceremony marking Nakba Day.
Jaffa Nakba Day 311
(photo credit: Ben Hartman)
Education Minister Gideon Sa’ar asked Tel Aviv University President Professor Joseph Klaftner over the weekend to reconsider his decision to allow students to organize an “outrageous” on-campus ceremony to commemorate Nakba Day.
The Nakba, meaning “catastrophe” in Arabic, is an annual commemoration when Arabs mourn the creation of the State of Israel in 1948. The Palestinian narrative recounts how hundreds of thousands of Arabs were either forced or felt compelled to leave behind their homes, with many fleeing to Israel’s neighboring countries where they remain until this day.
TAU announced this week that it would allow students to organize a Nakba Day commemoration under certain provisions, including hiring six school security guards to monitor the day’s events. The school administration also prohibited organizers from using a PA system and hanging flags and banners.
Speaking with the university president, Sa’ar said he thought the university’s decision to allow the ceremony was “false and outrageous,” Army Radio reported.
Students organizing the event said the commemoration would include a moment of silence to emphasize the importance of the Palestinian day of mourning, which falls on the day after the Gregorian date of Israel’s independence.
The event at TAU’s Antine Square is scheduled for May 14.
In addition, organizers will read an alternative version of “Yizkor,” the prayer for Israel’s fallen soldiers traditionally read at memorial ceremonies.
TAU approved the students’ ceremony despite the Nakba Law, passed in the Knesset last year and upheld by the High Court of Justice in January, which allows the finance minister to cut the budget of any state-funded institution or body that holds events that mark the Jewish state’s independence as a day of mourning.
Tel Aviv University responded that the decision to allow the Nakba Day activities is in accordance with the law and university regulations.
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Jerusalem Post Opinion
How can we stop the violence in Arab society? - opinion
The government has access to an existing model that gives hope for a better future, it simply needs to take action.
By ARIEL DLOOMY, SLIMAN ALAMOUR
ARAB ISRAELIS demonstrate against violence, organized crime and killings in their communities, outside the Prime Minister’s Office in Jerusalem in 2019.
(photo credit: YONATAN SINDEL/FLASH90)
Problems in the Arab sector in Israel have recently reached a boiling point, while limited post-high school options for Arabs in Israel have been further limited by the COVID-19 pandemic.
The coronavirus has impacted millions of people in countless ways. It will be years before we understand the full economic implications of COVID-19, but studies have already demonstrated that those who are 18-30 years old are the first in line to suffer its effects in terms of unemployment and under-employment.
In Israel, the 30,000-plus Arabs who graduate high school each year are even more vulnerable than their other peers in the young population of Israel. Traditionally, Arabs have had few opportunities for professional advancement. Unlike their Jewish counterparts, Arab high school graduates do not have a clearly delineated path of army or national service.
Roughly 40% of 18-21-year-old Arabs are defined as “NEET’s – Not in Education, Employment or Training.” This lack of direction and prospects for the future places them at high risk for entry into the world of violence and crime.
Even though the number of Arab students in higher education has more than doubled in the past 10 years, from 23,000 to 47,000, these students have significant disadvantages. Many experience hardships. Their families cannot afford to support them through university, their access to technology is poor, and the demands of learning both Hebrew and English in a short amount of time are cumbersome.
Bedouin-Arab students in the Negev, who are more likely than other Arabs to lack access to both computers and the Internet, face even greater difficulties participating in higher education. The added burden of the pandemic and its accompanying demand for remote learning has proven too onerous for many Bedouin-Arab students to handle, leading them to drop out.
Recently, multiple episodes of extreme violence in the Arab sector have demonstrated the devastating outcomes of under-engaged youth. Young people with nothing to do and little promise for the future are drawn to crime when faced with what seems like little to no alternative. Young Arabs sorely need a competing model, one which offers them skills, education and the chance to advance their communities instead of dragging them down.
Change is most effective when it stems from within a society. For the past 10 years, the Arab-Jewish Center for Equality, Empowerment and Cooperation and Negev Institute for Strategies of Peace and Development (AJEEC-NISPED), an NGO that started in the Negev and now works nationally, has been running a wide-ranging civic volunteering gap-year program. Its gap-year programs in Arab and Bedouin-Arab towns across Israel prepare Arab post-high school students for higher education and/or the workforce, while giving them the opportunity to volunteer within their communities.
The students assist the local population as they attend courses and workshops designed to help them mainstream into Israeli societal structures. Throughout the year, they work on personal development, learn Hebrew, improve their matriculation scores, receive employment guidance and gain learning skills.
The extra attention to these young people’s preparedness for university and work is a game-changer: 85% of the program graduates have continued on to higher education and/or employment. That’s twice as many as non-program participants. The program delivers the improved learning skills and increased confidence that give Arab youths the boost they need to enter and remain in education and employment.
Involving young Arabs in the work force and institutions of higher learning yields social and economic benefits for the Arab population and for Israeli society as a whole. The time has come for policymakers and government ministries to adopt the Arab gap-year program – which produces bright young people who contribute to society – and expand it to every Arab town in Israel.
Even a relatively modest investment in these programs will immensely benefit the State of Israel, as they produce desired results such as a lower crime rate, the involvement of more citizens in the workplace, and a wider taxpayer base. It is in the government’s best interest to sponsor and support a model like AJEEC’s gap-year program, which can stop the downward spiral into violence among young Arabs.
The writers are co-executive directors of AJEEC-NISPED, an NGO that operates a gap year and informal education program in Arab localities around the country.
Tags Israeli Arabs violence arab sector unemployment
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Jake Winter Newberry
Jake's background consists of many areas of the arts including acting, dancing, music, and filmmaking. He was a member of the traveling youth jazz dance company, the On Broadway Dancers, and has tap danced since the age of four. Jake has held lead roles in live musical productions, including Seymour in Little Shop of Horrors, and Joe in Sugar, based on the classic film Some Like it Hot. For five years he lead a teen Classic Rock band playing the keyboard, guitar, and singing for live audiences. After studying Film and Broadcast, he moved from Chicago to Los Angeles where he continues to create. He produced a Short film entitled My Best Girl, which won Best Short Live-Action Narrative at the Lift-Off Film Festival, New York. My Best Girl is streaming on Amazon Video & IndieFlix. Jake is the lead actor in an upcoming short film called Detroit Cycles. He most recently appeared on Conan on tbs in a musical comedy sketch as tap dancing Pope Benedict. Watch at the link below.
Watch Jake on Conan!
Follow Jake
jakewinternewberry@gmail.com
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The Triumph of Fantasy
From The American Spectator. August 27, 2009.
As I was sitting in my local cineplex and waiting, not very hopefully, for the new Star Trek movie to begin, I watched in the space of about ten minutes seven separate previews of coming attractions, all of which are on the summer blockbuster schedule and most of which will have opened by the time you read these words. Here, in order, is what they advertised:
an animated feature produced by Tim Burton called 9 featuring cute, goggle-eyed, animated humanoids battling giant machines which is set in a post-apocalyptic world and opens, barring an intervening apocalypse, on September 9th — 9-9-09;
Land of the Lost, a comic-adventure with Will Ferrell, based on a ‘70s TV series and involving time travel to a world filled with dinosaurs;
another comedy-adventure by Harold Ramis called Year One in which Michael Cera, Jack Black and others show us the allegedly comic truth behind a number of Biblical and other ancient legends;
Terminator Salvation, another post-apocalyptic romp with Christian Bale, who is supposed to be what Edward Furlong in the last Terminator turned into; its tag could serve for any of these movies: "Forget the Past";
the sequel to Night at the Museum (2006), subtitled Battle of the Smithsonian, which copies its predecessor in making a museum’s exhibitions come to raucous life once it is closed;
G.I. Joe: The Rise of Cobra in which the patriotic doll also comes to life as a whole co-ed "élite force" fighting for an international organization against an arms dealer; the striking line from the trailer is: "When all else fails, we don’t";
and, finally, Transformers: Revenge of the Fallen, also based on a child’s toy and involving space travel and warring robots.
Now what do these seven movies all have in common, both with each other and with Star Trek, which followed them? All were the most childish sorts of fantasy attended by audiences that were mostly, at least chronologically, adult. Yet anyone venturing to suggest that our children’s exposure to this Niagara of nonsense throughout their formative years might be detrimental to them is likely to be seen as a religious nut.
You don’t have to be religious, however, to question the general assumption that fantasy is harmless or even healthy, and indistinguishable from such self-evidently salutary fictions as Greek myth or Biblical legend. The new Star Trek, says Manohla Dargis in The New York Times is, among other things, "a testament to television’s power as mythmaker, as a source for some of the fundamental stories we tell about ourselves, who we are and where we came from." The original TV series, she adds, was also "a utopian fantasy of the first order" — as if this were entirely consistent with the alleged "myth" she had just described. And, in a way, I suppose it is, for utopianism is by its very nature a form of fantasy and one which, as I pointed out in this space last month, is enjoying a certain intellectual vogue of its own. For the many who now suppose that "the American dream" is a form of utopianism, I guess it is "where we came from."
But if Star Trek, the movie, is to be counted among those "fundamental stories," it’s hard to see how it suggests anything real about who we are or where we came from — unless who we are turns out to be intergalactic half-breeds, while where we came from is alternate universes where the familiar orderings of this one are at best haphazard. Myth is generally supposed to embody some kind of truth about the world, but I have not yet seen it explained by Ms Dargis or any of the other critics who gave Star Trek a rave what truth it contains, beyond the most banal, nor any acknowledgment that the absence of such truth counts as a detraction from this or any of the other new legends’ mythic power.
A day or two earlier, I had spent an unhappy evening at the theatre watching the Washington Shakespeare Company’s painfully unfunny revival of Noël Coward’s 1931 comedy, Design for Living. This, too, was a utopian fantasy, reeking of the now-dated revolutionary sensibility of the 1930s. How could anyone take seriously, even as comedy, a giddy representation of the Bright Young Things of the period re-inventing marriage and morality as if this were a thing unheard of? And yet the noticeably elderly audience laughed and clapped heartily all the way through the sorry spectacle. Perhaps these people were old enough to remember when the jokes still sounded fresh and, well, daring. As it seemed improbable to me that they could have been laughing at them qua jokes, I guessed that there was an element of nostalgia, too, of reliving their youth in the ‘40s and ‘50s when the remembered naughtiness of the ‘20s and ‘30s seemed, as Star Trek does today, like good, harmless fun.
Yet fantasy is not always harmless. Here, for example is Gideon Rachman in The Financial Times, apologizing for President Obama’s apologies on behalf of America and noting that "Mr Obama’s willingness to acknowledge past American errors is a sign of strength, not of weakness." He offers no evidence for this remarkable assertion. The word "sign" suggests that he is writing about a form of communication, as does his recognition that "when Mr Obama suggests that the US has made mistakes in its dealings with Europe or the Muslim world, he is quite deliberately sending a signal." But there is nothing to support the implication that the signal, as received, is one of strength rather than weakness. Instead, he merely notes that "a willingness to discuss your country’s history self-critically is a mark of an open society."
Well, so it is. But what has that got to do with signaling either strength or weakness? What he means, presumably, is that in his own mind and the minds of other liberal-minded people an open society is better than a closed one (like Russia or China, which are the two examples he gives) and, therefore, somehow, it must also be stronger. This is sloppy thinking but sloppy thinking of a particular kind: namely, fantasy. As far as Mr Rachman is concerned, the fact that neither Russia nor China nor any other country he can name will read the signal as he reads it is not a relevant consideration. He wants to believe that openness equals strength, and therefore, to him, it does.
His exercise in solipsism reminded me of what I still think of as the most revealing of President Bill Clinton’s remarks. When he was told that not retaliating for some terrorist outrage or other would make us look weak, Bill replied, according to Bill himself in self-congratulatory vein: "Can we kill ‘em tomorrow? Because if we can kill ‘em tomorrow, we’re not weak." He, too, in other words, had mixed up a private mental state — that is, his personal consciousness of the potential of American power (very strong) — with the way someone else was likely to perceive his failure to exercise that power, that is, as an indication of weakness. He, too, preferred to live in his fantasy world.
Doubtless it is very unfortunate that we live in such a wicked world that people, particularly when they regard one another with the kind of suspicion that attends the relationship of rival powers, so often tend to regard kindness, gentleness, forbearance and self-criticism as indicative of weakness while violence, force, vengefulness and invincible self-confidence indicate strength, but what are you going to do? Well, what both the Presidents Barack and Bill as well as Gideon Rachman are going to do — and are proud to tell us they are going to do — is to pretend that it isn’t so. That, too, is a sign of strength in their book. Nowadays, it’s not just those who can afford to live inside their own heads but even political and military leaders, people who have to deal with matters of life and death in the real world, who feel entitled to be the kind of fantasists that Star Trek and half the movies made today are designed to appeal to.
Can it be, then, only coincidental that their flights of fancy take place in the popular cultural context of a steady diet of fantasy, fantasy and more fantasy? Could the President’s assurances that pouring trillions of dollars into federalized health care will actually save us money or that raising taxes on domestic oil and gas production will help us toward "energy independence" or that, for that matter, "torture doesn’t work" and therefore can never force us to a choice between our ideals and our safety — could these and other fantasies have passed unnoticed and uncriticized as they mostly have in the media and other public forums for political debate if we lived in a culture inclined to be at all critical of fantasy? I’m only asking.
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Boris Burić, Déjà vu
10.12-21.01.2021, 12:00-20:00
Podroom Gallery, Republic Square 5/-1
Curator: Miroslav Karić
If we were to compare the state of the current global crisis to something, it would be the world in drama and fiction of post-apocalyptic film genre. All the key features are there – the virus has entered the system, the media is frantically broadcasting the pictures of imminent danger, the planetary fear is being displayed in the images of panic and civil disobedience, the sights of empty squares and underground stations, silent cities, in a word, an atmosphere of tension while we are waiting, through waves and peaks, for the end of the movie, to see who will save and what. Fiction has infected the reality, the reality has self-isolated in the virtual, so not even the darkness of movie theatres offers a safe and desired ambience for an escape and an encounter with the grand illusion in which, comfortably tucked in with a box of popcorns, we are watching a movie of the sort. The “normal life” is on hold, the engines of capitalism mildly stalled, and the visions of future reach no further than the next spring or the spring after, when we might return to a world without masks. The end of the second decade of the new millennium will become a part of future memories of the time when everything began or everything ended, but at any rate the memory of the times when everything stopped for a moment in order to make a start for yet another historic loop. Reflecting on the situation in which the world as we know it is changing, or the very intensity of the events is putting us back into the states of something that has already been seen and experienced, the artist Boris Burić conceptualizes the exhibition, or in his case, more precisely, the form of film experience expressed through other means, through a range of metaphors of individual or collective clashes with reality, about the illusions of attempts to put up resistance or adapt to either a social or an artistic system. Unique mise-en-scènes that the visitors in the gallery walk through in order to evoke movie space which should initiate them into a personal series of cinematic experiences and implications of the end of one epoch and ideology, of the emptiness of symbols of rebellion and the need to step out of the dominant and imposed limitations in art.
Boris Burić (1981) is an intermedial artist from Belgrade. His works are conceptually oriented and often based on the idea of social and art critique expressed in gallery and artistic actions in non-gallery space. His field of interest covers film, photography, action, performance, collage. He cooperates with various artists, curators, galleries, etc. He exhibits in solo and group exhibitions in the country and abroad. He lives in Belgrade and Rijeka.
Miroslav Karić (Belgrade, 1975) has graduated in Art history from the Faculty of Philosophy in Belgrade, in 2000. Since 2001, he has been the secretary and the curator in the Independent Artistic Association Remont, while he has been a member of the editorial team of Remont art magazine since 2003. Karić was the editor of the “Exhibitions” section in the Belgrade cultural monthly Yellow Cab for years. His professional biography includes participation in many projects in the capacity of an associate, coordinator, curator, and PR. Since January 2020, he has worked as a curator in the Museum of Contemporary Art in Belgrade.
You can download the catalogue here.
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Six members of the Minnesota House under investigation
By KEYC Staff | January 13, 2021 at 12:28 PM CST - Updated January 13 at 6:47 PM
ST. PAUL, Minn. (KEYC) - The Minnesota House of Representatives is investigating six of its own members.
The six, all republicans, attended a “storm the capitol” rally in St. Paul last Wednesday, the same day rioters broke into the U.S. capitol building. The St. Paul rally was peaceful, in terms of any physical acts. At least one of the representatives at the rally says he left early. He also says Democrats are trying to associate him and fellow republican lawmakers with what happened at the U.S. capitol.
“That’s what we were doing is simply exercising our freedom of speech, um, in a very peaceful way, over and over, peacefully. Um, and I’m not aware of anything that happened. I don’t know of, I don’t know who the people are who even spoke after I was there,” said Rep. Steve Drazkowski (R- Mazeppa).
Minnesota house speaker Melissa Hortman says they’re looking into whether there were members of the Minnesota House of Representatives who advocated for, incited or supported acts of domestic terrorism.
Minnesota lawmakers introduce anti-copper mining legislation
Iowa National Guard sending 250 troops to Washington, D.C.
Minnesota House Democrats unveil legislative priorities
Walz activates National Guard for Minnesota Capitol security
MOHAMED IBRAHIM and STEVE KARNOWSKI
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Home > District > Special Services
Do 2 Learn-Educational Resources for Special Needs
http://www.do2learn.com/ Note: Pages will open in a new browser window. External pages are not endorsed by Keytesville R-III.
How Autism Relates to Learning Issues
https://www.understood.org/en/learning-attention-issues/getting-started/what-you-need-to-know/how-autism-relates-to-learning-and-attention-issues
IDEA Individuals with Disabilities Education Act
https://www.understood.org/en/school-learning/your-childs-rights/basics-about-childs-rights/individuals-with-disabilities-education-act-idea-what-you-need-to-know Note: Pages will open in a new browser window. External pages are not endorsed by Keytesville R-III.
Olympic Skaters with Learning & Attention Issues
https://www.understood.org/en/community-events/blogs/in-the-news/2018/02/09/skaters-with-learning-and-attention-issues-take-the-ice-at-winter-olympics
Overview of Different Kinds of Learning Disabilities
https://www.understood.org/en/learning-attention-issues/getting-started/what-you-need-to-know/video-an-overview-of-different-kinds-of-learning-disabilities Note: Pages will open in a new browser window. External pages are not endorsed by Keytesville R-III.
Parent’s Guide to Special Education Process
https://dese.mo.gov/sites/default/files/The%20Parent's%20Guide%20to%20Special%20Education%20October%202017.pdf
Procedural Safeguards for Parents
https://dese.mo.gov/special-education/compliance/procedural-safeguards
What are Language Disorders?
https://www.understood.org/en/learning-attention-issues/child-learning-disabilities/communication-disorders/understanding-language-disorders Note: Pages will open in a new browser window. External pages are not endorsed by Keytesville R-III.
What is ADHD/Attention Deficit Fact Sheet?
http://www.ldonline.org/article/Attention_Deficit/Hyperactivity_Disorder_Fact_Sheet Note: Pages will open in a new browser window. External pages are not endorsed by Keytesville R-III.
http://www.ldonline.org/article/14907/
What is the Difference between a 504 and an IEP?
https://www.understood.org/en/school-learning/special-services/504-plan/the-difference-between-ieps-and-504-plans
Destruction of Records
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math question
I have the equation 3f+2.50h=240 and I want to make a table of values with at least five possible combinations. How do I determine which combinations I should use?
You can pick any five you want.
How about h - -20, -15, 0, 15 and 20?
Solve for the f value in each case.
For example, if h = 0, f = 80
drwls
Consider the curve defined by y + cosy = x +1 for 0 =< y =< 2pi.... a. Find dy/dx in terms of y. *I got 1/(y-siny) but I feel like that's wrong. b. Write an equation for each vertical tangent to the curve. c. find d^2y/dx^2 in
Given the table below for selected values of f(x), use 6 right rectangles to estimate the value of the integral from 1 to 10 of f(x)dx. Table: 1 3 4 6 7 9 10 4 8 6 10 10 12 16 The only problem I'm having with this is figuring out
Mang jose wants to make a table which has an area of 6m, the length of the table has to be 1m longer than the width. If the width of the table is p meters, what will be the length. Form a quadratic equation that represent the
Calculus Please Check my answers
f is a function that is differentiable for all reals. The value of f ′(x) is given for several values of x in the table below. The table: x -8,-3,0,3,8 f'(x)-4,-2,0,4,5 If f ′(x) is always increasing, which statement about
Fractions practice Which table of values does not represent a function? Given the function y= 2x + 3, what output values will result from the input values shown in the table?
1. The function is continuous on the interval [10, 20] with some of its values given in the table above. Estimate the average value of the function with a Left Hand Sum Approximation, using the intervals between those given
Find the equation that represents the linear function described in the table below. What are the x- and y-intercepts? x values / -8, -4, 4, 6, 12 y values / -4, -3, -1, -0.5, 1
Math, slope
The cost of a taxi ride is $5.00 plus $0.75 for every 0.5 km. Graph this relation Identify the slope and the vertical intercept of the line. What do the represent? Write an equation relating the cost and the distance traveled. I'm
Math-please check
5. Find three solutions of the equation y=9x-4. (A) (-5, -49), (-2, -22), (3, 23) (B) (-5, -49), (2, -22), (3, 23)*** (C) (-5, -49), (-2, -22), (-3, 23) (D) (5, -49), (-2, 22), (-3, 23) 9.Which is a rule that describes the
How do you determine if a mapping, table, or set of ordered pairs represents a function? A-all x values are different B-some x values repeat C-some y values repeat D-all y values are different I really have no clue what it is.
One of Robert’s homework problems had the following function table. x | y 0 | 4 2 | 8 4 | 12 6 | 16 Robert concluded that the rule for this function table was y =2x + 4. Which statement best justifies that Robert’s conclusion
I solved this problem, can someone check it to make sure I did it right. There are two parts to this intrepation and estimate of the value. Let C(t) be the total value of the US currency (coins and banknotes) in circulation at
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You and your family attend your brother’s championship baseball game. Between innings you decide to go to the snack stand. You go to the snack stand with $15 and find that sodas are $2.50 and that popcorn is $3.75. Write an inequality that models the number of sodas you can buy if you get a bag of popcorn too. What is the maximum number of sodas you can buy in this situation?
obviously,
2.50s + 3.75p ≤ 15
divide by .25
10s + 15p ≤ 60
2s + 3p ≤ 12
if you want to buy max sodas, then p = 0
note 6 sodas will cost 6($2.5) or $15
Reiny
HEALTH PLZ ITS OVERDUE
1. The type of family structure that has a biological parent, a stepparent, and the children of one or both parents describes which type of family unit? a.blended family b.extended family c.foster family d.nuclear family 2.some
In the following literature selections, individuals experience rites of passage in various ways: The Bass, the River and Shelia Mant by W.D. Wetherell Oranges by Gary Soto I Know Why the Caged Bird Sings by Maya Angelou First
Which sentence contains a gerund? 1.Some baseball teams are successful because they acquire players reaching for their highest potential. 2.The number one leader in runs scored for his team is batting first in today's game. 3.A
Several friends each had 2/5 of a bag of peanuts left over from a baseball game. They realized that they could have bought 2 fewer bags of peanuts between them. How many friends went to the game
Why is baseball in all its forms – from T-ball to the major leagues – important to Americans of all ages? What traditions have grown around baseball, and how do they affect the people who play and love the game? How can
Which of these sentences uses possessive nouns correctly? A. The two brothers’ invention was a children’s game; each player’s marker was an animal. B. The two brother’s invention was a childrens’ game; each player’s
at a baseball game, there were three times as many males as females. 5/6 of the males were boys and the rest were men. 2/3 of the females were girls and the rest were women. Given that there were 121 more boys than girls, how many
ELA HELP FAST
LA CONEXUSS
What Is Important to Know? In this discussion, you will post issues related to people’s love and knowledge of baseball. Refer to the texts in this section, other texts you have read, and your personal experience and knowledge to
a baseball field has four bases that form the shape of a quadrilateral. If someone invented a new game similar to baseball that had an extra base in the field, what type of polygon would the bases form? A. pentagon
The baseball game started at 2:15 P.M. and ran 2 hours and 48 minutes. At what time did the game end?
Which statement is not true about friendships in the Spanish speaking world? a. Close friends of the family often attend family gatherings b. Close friends of the family are treated like family members c. Family members call close
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§ 122.4 Prohibitions (applicable to State NPDES programs, see § 123.25).
40 CFR § 122.4 - Prohibitions (applicable to State NPDES programs, see § 123.25).
No permit may be issued:
(a) When the conditions of the permit do not provide for compliance with the applicable requirements of CWA, or regulations promulgated under CWA;
(b) When the applicant is required to obtain a State or other appropriate certification under section 401 of CWA and § 124.53 and that certification has not been obtained or waived;
(c) By the State Director where the Regional Administrator has objected to issuance of the permit under § 123.44;
(d) When the imposition of conditions cannot ensure compliance with the applicable water quality requirements of all affected States;
(e) When, in the judgment of the Secretary, anchorage and navigation in or on any of the waters of the United States would be substantially impaired by the discharge;
(f) For the discharge of any radiological, chemical, or biological warfare agent or high-level radioactive waste;
(g) For any discharge inconsistent with a plan or plan amendment approved under section 208(b) of CWA;
(h) For any discharge to the territorial sea, the waters of the contiguous zone, or the oceans in the following circumstances:
(1) Before the promulgation of guidelines under section 403(c) of CWA (for determining degradation of the waters of the territorial seas, the contiguous zone, and the oceans) unless the Director determines permit issuance to be in the public interest; or
(2) After promulgation of guidelines under section 403(c) of CWA, when insufficient information exists to make a reasonable judgment whether the discharge complies with them.
(i) To a new source or a new discharger, if the discharge from its construction or operation will cause or contribute to the violation of water quality standards. The owner or operator of a new source or new discharger proposing to discharge into a water segment which does not meet applicable water quality standards or is not expected to meet those standards even after the application of the effluent limitations required by sections 301(b)(1)(A) and 301(b)(1)(B) of CWA, and for which the State or interstate agency has performed a pollutants load allocation for the pollutant to be discharged, must demonstrate, before the close of the public comment period, that:
(1) There are sufficient remaining pollutant load allocations to allow for the discharge; and
(2) The existing dischargers into that segment are subject to compliance schedules designed to bring the segment into compliance with applicable water quality standards. The Director may waive the submission of information by the new source or new discharger required by paragraph (i) of this section if the Director determines that the Director already has adequate information to evaluate the request. An explanation of the development of limitations to meet the criteria of this paragraph (i)(2) is to be included in the fact sheet to the permit under § 124.56(b)(1) of this chapter.
[48 FR 14153, Apr. 1, 1983, as amended at 50 FR 6940, Feb. 19, 1985; 65 FR 30905, May 15, 2000]
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FCC v. AT&T Inc.
statutory construction
Whether a corporation, like an individual, has “personal privacy” that could be violated by disclosure of facts obtained during a law enforcement investigation.
United States Court of Appeals for the Third Circuit
The Freedom of Information Act (“FOIA”) generally allows access to, and disclosure of, federal information and records to those who requested them, subject to some exceptions, including one for a disclosure that would constitute an invasion of “personal privacy.” Following a recent investigation of Respondent AT&T Inc. (“AT&T”) by Petitioner the Federal Communications Commission (“FCC”), Respondent CompTel, a non-profit trade association, requested under FOIA all of the records and information pertaining to the FCC’s investigation. In allowing disclosure of some of the information, the FCC rejected AT&T’s argument that such disclosure would constitute an invasion of “personal privacy,” holding that this exception was strictly limited to individuals. AT&T appealed to the Third Circuit, which held that a corporation may have “personal privacy” interests and remanded to the FCC. AT&T argues that the term “personal privacy” applies to corporations as well as individuals, and the FCC argues that such a term is limited to individuals. The Supreme Court’s decision in this case will determine the amount of protection given to corporations under FOIA and will likely affect the amount of access the public has to certain private corporate information.
Exemption 7(C) of the Freedom of Information Act, 5 U.S.C. § 552(b)(7)(C), exempts from mandatory disclosure records or information compiled for law enforcement purposes when such disclosure could reasonably be expected to constitute an unwarranted invasion of "personal privacy." The question presented is: Whether Exemption 7(C)'s protection for "personal privacy" protects the "privacy" of corporate entities.
Under the Freedom of Information Act (“FOIA”), 5 U.S.C. § 552, federal agencies must disclose records to anyone who requests them, subject to certain exemptions. If an agency refuses to disclose this information, the requester may bring an action in district court to compel disclosure. In this case, there are three relevant exemptions to FOIA’s mandatory disclosure. Exemption 4 allows an agency to refuse to disclose privileged or confidential “trade secrets and commercial or financial information obtained from a person.” Exemption 6 applies to any personnel and medical files the disclosure of which would "constitute an unwarranted invasion of personal privacy." Exemption 7(C) exempts investigatory files compiled for law enforcement purposes if their production could “reasonably be expected to constitute an unwarranted invasion of personal privacy.” A person who wishes to prevent an agency from disclosing exempted information may seek judicial review of the disclosure. In deciding whether to disclose otherwise exempted information, the Federal Communications Commission (“FCC”), in accordance with its own regulations, may weigh policy considerations favoring non-disclosure against those favoring disclosure. .
AT&T, a private corporation, participated in the FCC’s “E-Rate Program,” providing telecommunications equipment and services to elementary and secondary schools in exchange for federal reimbursement. AT&T later informed the FCC that it had violated E-Rate rules and consequently overbilled the government for its services. The FCC’s Enforcement Bureau began an investigation and requested that AT&T produce certain information, to which AT&T complied. The Enforcement Bureau terminated its investigation, and AT&T agreed to pay the FCC $500,000.
In April 2005, CompTel, a non-profit trade association, requested all information which the Enforcement Bureau had procured in its investigation regarding AT&T and the E-Rate program. AT&T objected to the disclosure. In August 2005, the FCC granted in part and denied in part that request, holding that some of the information sought fell within FOIA’s Exemption 4 in that it constituted “commercial or financial information” that could cause competitive harm to AT&T if disclosed. In addition to pricing information, the information withheld from CompTel included materials identifying AT&T’s staff and customers, which the FCC also thought fit within FOIA’s Exemption 7(C) because its disclosure would likely be an invasion of the personal privacy of those individuals. The FCC decided to disclose all the other records obtained in the investigation, rejecting the argument that AT&T’s own “personal privacy” was protected by Exemption 7(C).
In denying AT&T’s administrative appeal from this decision, the FCC rejected AT&T’s further argument that it was a “corporate citizen” with personal privacy rights, and held that Exemptions 6 and 7(C) apply only to individuals. AT&T sought review in the United States Court of Appeals for the Third Circuit, which held that because a "person" includes a corporation under FOIA, a corporation may have a personal privacy interest within Exemption 7(C)’s meaning. Remanding to the FCC for further proceedings, the court held that a corporation, like a person, can suffer “public embarrassment, harassment, and stigma” due to law enforcement investigations.
The Supreme Court granted certiorari on September 28, 2010, to decide whether corporations may take advantage of Exemption 7(C). CompTel, technically a respondent, supports the FCC in this matter.
The Federal Communications Commission (“FCC”) argues that FOIA Exemption 7(C)’s “personal privacy” phrase does not protect corporations. Respondent CompTel agrees and argues that Exemption 7(C) only applies to the privacy interests of individuals. Respondent AT&T argues that Exemption 7(C) does in fact protect the privacy of corporations.
Plain Meaning of “Personal Privacy”
The FCC argues that the phrase “personal privacy,” in its ordinary lay meaning as found in Webster’s Dictionary, stands only for the privacy of individual human beings. According to the FCC, the term’s ordinary meaning should be used because FOIA leaves the phrase undefined. CompTel supports this argument by noting that the modifier “personal” can only apply to the privacy interests of human beings.
AT&T contends that Exemption 7(C)’s “personal privacy” phrase refers to the privacy of both individuals and corporations, relying on the unique definition of “person” seen in other legislation rather than the dictionary definition. AT&T defines “personal privacy” according to the statutory definition of “person” in the Administrative Procedure Act (“APA”), which includes both individuals and corporations in the term “person.” AT&T asserts that Congress’ meaning of the word “person” applies to its adjectival form, “personal,” as well.
Meaning of “Personal Privacy” Within the Broader FOIA Statute
The FCC claims that FOIA’s broader structure supports the meaning of “personal privacy” as only protecting individuals, not corporate interests. In particular, the FCC argues that other FOIA exemptions, particularly Exemptions 6 and 4, confirm this. The FCC asserts that Exemption 7(C)’s “personal privacy” phrase was incorporated from Exemption 6, and Exemption 6 was specifically designed to protect an individual’s right to privacy. The FCC argues that Exemptions 6 and 7 protect the same privacy rights, especially if the Court follows the interpretive rule that identical phrases within the same statute normally have the same meaning.
AT&T rejects the FCC’s view that Exemption 6 supports the argument that Exemption 7(C) excludes the interests of corporations. AT&T points to the fact that the Attorney General has interpreted Exemption 6’s “personal privacy” phrase as including corporations based on the statutory definition of “persons.”
The FCC also argues that Exemption 4 supports its view that “personal privacy” applies only to an individual’s interestasserting that Exemption 4’s use of the word “person” is limited to disclosure of confidential corporate information such as trade secrets and commercial or financial information. The FCC argues that if Congress wanted Exemption 7(C) to apply to corporations, it would have used language similar to Exemption 4’s “trade secrets” or “commercial or financial information” phrases that would be indicative of corporate privacy interests. Also, the fact that Congress passed a specific exemption for corporations in Exemption 4 while incorporating individual privacy rights into Exemption 7(C) through Exemption 6 strengthens the argument that Exemption 7(C) was not intended to include corporate privacy interest.
AT&T rejects the FCC’s attempt to analogize Exemption 4’s protection of corporate interests to Exemption 7(C). AT&T argues that Exemption 4’s purpose of protecting corporate trade secrets and commercial information is distinct from Exemption 7(C)’s purpose to protect a corporation’s reputational interest. AT&T claims that the two Exemptions’ different objectives are attributable to their language differences. AT&T refers to other FOIA provisions to argue that Congress intended to include corporate interests in Exemption 7(C). AT&T asserts that if Congress had wanted to exclude corporations it would have used the word “individual,” as it did in Exemption 7(F). AT&T also refers to other related statutes, such as the Privacy Act, where Congress has distinguished the terms “person” and “individual.” According to AT&T, the fact that Congress intentionally chose not to use a term that exclusively refers to an “individual” in Exemption 7(C) is demonstrated by numerous provisions in the United States Code that use the phrase “individual” privacy. In addition, AT&T asserts that the fact that the Court has applied the Double-Jeopardy Clause and the Fourth Amendment of the United States Constitution to corporationsis telling because both constitutional provisions serve a similar purpose as Exemption 7(C): protecting privacy and preventing reputational harm. AT&T argues that the Double-Jeopardy Clause’s purpose of protecting defendants from embarrassment applies equally to corporations in the sense that corporations can suffer from bad publicity, and can be harmed in their good will.
Legislative History and Purpose
The FCC argues that the drafting history of FOIA amendments shows that Congress passed Exemption 7(C) based on the understanding that “personal privacy” only applies to individuals. The FCC refers to the floor debate regarding the amendments, where Senator Hart stated that the protections of Exemption 6 would also apply to Exemption 7(C). The debate also included one Senator’s understanding that corporations cannot be included under Exemption 6’s protection. CompTel notes that during the debates regarding the 1986 amendment to Exemption 7(C), the Department of Justice published an opinion stating that Exemption 7(C) applied only to individuals, reflecting the commonly understood meaning. In an even broader legislative context, the FCC argues that at the time FOIA amendments were being debated, Congress was also working to pass the Privacy Act of 1974. The FCC asserts that this parallel development is telling because the Privacy Act protects only an individual’s privacy rights, and Congress refers to “personal privacy” in the Privacy Act in the same way as it did in FOIA.
In contrast, AT&T argues that Exemption 7(C) is intended to protect corporate privacy interests. AT&T claims that Exemption 7(C)’s statutory purpose is to afford privacy rights to suspects, witnesses, and investigators in law enforcement investigations and protect them from any embarrassment resulting from the disclosure of information gathered during the investigation. AT&T argues that this purpose applies equally to corporations. Corporations are often parties to law enforcement investigations, and they also face the threat of reputational harm as a result of these investigations. Also, AT&T argues that the FCC’s argument regarding Congress’ concern over protecting privacy interests does not address the issue of whether Congress intended to apply privacy interests to protect corporations. AT&T asserts that a statute’s scope can be broader than the specific harm that Congress intended to remedy; the fact that Congress’ primary goal in Exemption 7(C) was to protect individual’s privacy interests does not necessarily exclude protection of corporate privacy interests.
The Court’s decision in this case will determine whether a corporation has “personal privacy” for purposes of exemptions from mandatory records disclosure under the Freedom of Information Act ("FOIA"). A decision in favor of AT&T may hinder citizens’ ability to evaluate the actions of corporate entities. On the other hand, a decision in favor of the FCC may inhibit corporations’ ability to remain competitive and cooperative.
Respondent CompTel contends that Congress enacted FOIA to ensure that the citizenry was adequately informed and able to check on government entities, and that interpreting “personal privacy” to include corporations would undermine these goals. The Reporters Committee for Freedom of the Press and 22 other media organizations worry that allowing corporations to withhold information under Exemption 7(C)’s “personal privacy” provision would seriously impede the “watchdog” function of journalists and news media organizations seeking information about corporations. They argue that the news media have played an important role in the recent past in informing the public of the dangerous safety records and public health violations of corporate entities, a role that the “personal privacy” exemption would have eliminated had it included corporations. Similarly, Citizens for Responsibility and Ethics in Washington (“CREW”) argues that these goals are especially important in informing the public about government’s response to crises and environmental disasters, such as the BP oil spill; therefore, allowing corporate exemptions under FOIA for such information would significantly reduce the access to such information. Additionally, CREW argues that allowing corporations to use Exemption 7(C) would offer them more protection under FOIA than is given to individuals, who do not benefit from Exemption 4’s protection of “trade secrets and commercial or financial information.”
In contrast to the FCC’s position, AT&T asserts that Exemption 7(C)’s purpose was to protect persons or entities subject to the serious consequences of law enforcement investigations, and maintains that mandatory disclosure of a corporation’s private information to the public, which includes its competitors, would undermine this very purpose. AT&T additionally argues that news organizations’ “watchdog” role would not be frustrated because, in cases where there is a legitimate public interest in the requested information, the government may weigh the equitable considerations on both sides to determine whether the public interest is strong enough to outweigh the corporation’s privacy interests. Instead, AT&T contends, disallowing a corporation to claim a personal privacy exemption would harm competition by allowing economic and industry competitors automatic access to the information.
Further, AT&T argues that corporations, faced with potential disclosure of competitive “personal” information, would be hesitant in voluntarily cooperating with each other in the midst of law enforcement investigations. The United States Chamber of Commerce ("Chamber") adds that this would discourage corporate compliance with law enforcement investigations. The Chamber notes that, in this case, AT&T self-reported its violations to the FCC, and worries that corporations would be reluctant to take such action if it would expose trade secrets. The Chamber also argues that a ruling for the FCC would cause particular harm to small businesses whose owners’ personal privacy overlaps with the corporation’s.
In this case, the Supreme Court will determine whether FOIA Exemption 7(C)’s protection of “personal privacy” interests also applies to corporations. The FCC argues that the provision’s plain meaning, the statute’s broader context, and the legislative history all point to the fact that “personal privacy” only includes the privacy interests of individuals. AT&T argues that Exemption 7(C) also protects the privacy interests of corporations based on the statutory meaning of “personal privacy,” the legislative purpose, and the recognition of corporate privacy interests in other legal contexts. The Supreme Court’s decision on whether corporations are categorically included or exempted under Exemption 7(C) will decide whether corporations can be protected from disclosing “personal” and confidential information to the public.
Justin Scott Haddock
So jung Choo
Frank D. Wagner
The authors would like to thank former Supreme Court Reporter of Decisions Frank Wagner for his assistance in editing this preview.
· Time, Adam Cohen: Why Companies Don’t Deserve Personal Privacy Rights (Dec. 15, 2010)
· Inside Counsel, Melissa Maleske: Supreme Court Will Decide if "Personal Privacy" under FOIA Applies to Corporations (Nov. 30, 2010)
· United States Department Of Justice: FOIA Request Handbook
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Home > Talent > A law department’s people don’t deserve to be called its “most valuable resource”
A law department’s people don’t deserve to be called its “most valuable resource”
My dislike for referring to people as “resources,” as in “We could handle this transaction in-house if we had more resources,” found an eloquent advocate in the Financial Times (Summer 2005).
Resources are things we draw upon and exploit. They are raw material we use as efficiently as possible, extracting value and preventing wastage. But people are not raw material. They cannot be described as an organisations’s most valuable resource, because they are the organisation. (emphasis in original)
Lawyers, paralegals, and support staff become the heart and soul of a law department. They are metaphorical ore, not ore to be extracted, refined, and dealt with like so many inert ingots.
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2015 in Review: Standouts who took center stage in 2015
Sun-News Reports
lcsun-news.com
The 2015 calendar year was a memorable one in sports. Here are a handful of the individuals who made the year one to remember:
Jim Bradley and Danny Villanueva
Two prominent Las Cruces sports figures passed away in 2015. Both Danny Villanueva and Jim Bradley were prominent New Mexico State figures, but Bradley is perhaps most well known as a Hall of Fame high school football coach in New Mexico. After a career that spanned New Mexico State football, a professional football career and a post-athletic life in broadcasting, Villanueva passed away at the age of 77 in June. Bradley passed away at the age of 82 on Aug. 12, but not before a high school coaching career that ended with 310 wins and seven state championships at Roswell and Mayfield High School.
Kameron Miller
Miller had a spectacular year for the Las Cruces High football team and was one of the top players in the state. He passed for over 2,500 yards and 20 touchdowns while rushing for another 1,600 yards and seven touchdowns on the ground this season. Miller led the Bulldawgs to a 9-4 overall record and to the Class 6A state semifinals. Miller, who won a state championship at LCHS as a sophomore and was a Class 6A all-state second team selection this season, will continue his career at the University of New Mexico.
Gwen Murphy
Murphy was the driving force for the New Mexico State volleyball team and led the Aggies to the 2015 WAC Championship. Murphy was named WAC Player of the Year, averaging 3.29 kills per set and recording 414 total kills in 2015. Murphy hit .421 for the season and was named to the American Volleyball Coaches Association All-Region Team for the Midwest Region and was an honorable mention AVCA All-American.
Brianna Freeman
Freeman was a big part of the New Mexico State women’s basketball team’s 2014-15 WAC Championship season and was named WAC Player of the Year last season. Freeman averaged 13.7 points and 7.9 rebounds per game last season. Freeman, who’s a junior this season, was also named WAC Preseason Player of the Year for 2015-16.
Isaac Vance
Vance is one of the top high school football players in the state and the junior running back helped Mayfield win the District 3-6A championship and reach the Class 6A state semifinals. Vance, a first-team Class 6A all-state selection, made explosive plays all season in leading Mayfield to a 9-4 overall record and a 4-0 run through district. Vance will be one of the top players in the state next season and has an offer from New Mexico State.
Lou Henson
It was a year of highs and lows for New Mexico State's legendary basketball coach Lou Henson, who was inducted into the National Collegiate Basketball Hall of Fame in November. Henson, 83, won 779 games and led both New Mexico State and Illinois to the Final Four. Henson's Hall of Fame induction capped a year that included a health scare over the summer that was later diagnosed as a bone marrow disorder that requires a chemotherapy treatment regimen of seven days on, 21 days off.
Jeff Adler
Mesilla Valley Christian Schools senior forward Jeff Adler averaged 28 points per game for the SonBlazers, who went 28-2 and won the Class 3A state championship.
Andrew Allen
New Mexico State's sophomore quarterback Andrew Allen proved to be a capable replacement for the injured Tyler Rogers. But it was Allen's four-touchdown performance in the Aggies' 37-34 win at Louisiana-Lafayette on Nov. 21 that put NMSU on the national radar. Allen appeared on ESPN SportsCenter and other national outlets following the Lafayette game after attending funeral services for his father earlier in the day. Darrell Allen, a Marlin, Texas Police Chief, was shot while working private security on Halloween night and later passed away from the wounds.
Individual state champs
Oñate's track and field trio of Yemisi Oroyinyin, Jennifer Ramirez and Thomas Salas, Centennial High's Jackson Sosin (boys tennis) and Las Cruces High golfer Davis Chung III took home state titles in individual sports in 2015. Sosin won the Class 5A singles title in the state individual tournament and Chung closed his career with his third straight big school state championship before continuing his career at New Mexico State. Ramirez repeated as the big school state champion in the Class 6A girls 100-meter hurdles. Salas won the boys 3,200 meters in 9:55.44 and Oroyinyin took home state championships in the girls shot put and discus.
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HomeInter-Korean
Genuine Educationist
Nam Si U resting in Patriotic Martyrs Cemetery in Sinmi-ri. (File Photo Ryugyong)
The history of the movement of Koreans in Japan records the exploits performed by genuine educational workers who devoted their all to accomplishing the patriotic cause of the General Association of Korean Residents in Japan (Chongryon).
Among them is Nam Si U (July 1926-March 2007), winner of Kim Il Sung Prize and National Reunification Prize and former president of Korea University of Chongryon founded in April Juche 45 (1956).
Korea University located in Tokyo, Japan, is the highest institute for democratic national education of the Korean students in Japan.
Nam started his career as a lecturer when the university was established with 2 faculties involving 10 lecturers and over 60 students.
All the lecturers had little knowledge and experience in university education.
Informed of this, every year the government of the DPRK sent them textbooks, reference books and educational apparatuses and materials, as well as educational aid funds and stipends.
Thanks to the warm love and care of his motherland, Nam could try his best in his power indomitably for the development of education and the training of succeeding generation of Chongryon in the face of the vicious moves of the Japanese reactionaries to obliterate Korean national education.
During his visit to the motherland as a member of the second home-visiting group of educational workers of Korean residents in Japan in September Juche 63 (1974), he met President Kim Il Sung for the first time and received his precious instructions.
Later, Kim Il Sung met him and other lecturers and officials of Korea University on several occasions. He highly appreciated the exploits performed by them who were devoting their all to developing national education, becoming the roots and foundations in applying patriotism, and bestowed love and trust on them.
Working as a teacher, chief of the university affairs, vice-president and president of Korea University for nearly five decades since its founding, Nam dedicated his life to training the younger generation of Chongryon into national talents possessed of advanced scientific knowledge and reliable successors who would steadfastly carry on the patriotic movement, throwing in their lot with their socialist motherland in any adversity.
He was a talented poet as well as an excellent educationist. He wrote many books and poems conducive to promoting the patriotic movement of Koreans in Japan.
The collection of poems he wrote, including Into the Embrace of the Motherland, Hymn to the Motherland and Song of Spring are still popular among the Koreans resident in Japan.
Nam Si U was elected Deputy to the Supreme People's Assembly of the DPRK several times and served as an authorized representative of the DPRK at several international meetings.
(Naenara - January 3, 2021)
Labels Inter-Korean
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EXPLAINER: What is WHO team in Wuhan looking for?
Grim new COVID-19 death forecast as morgues spill over
By Associated Press | January 14, 2021 at 6:56 AM CST - Updated January 14 at 6:56 AM
WUHAN, China (AP) — The WHO team of international researchers that arrived in the central Chinese city of Wuhan on Thursday hopes to find clues to the origin of the COVID-19 pandemic.
The visit has been shrouded in secrecy, with neither China nor the WHO revealing exactly what the team will do or where it will go. The search for the origins is likely to be a years-long effort that could help prevent future pandemics.
WHY WUHAN?
The industrial and transportation hub on the Yangtze River is the first place the coronavirus surfaced in the world. It’s possible that the virus came to Wuhan undetected from elsewhere, but the city of 11 million is a logical place for the mission to start.
People began falling ill in December 2019, many with links to a sprawling food market that dealt in live animals. The growing number of patients triggered alarms that prompted China’s Center for Disease Control and Prevention to send a team to investigate.
FILE - In this Jan. 27, 2020 file photo, workers in protective gear carry a bag containing a giant salamander that was reported to have escaped from the Huanan Seafood Market in Wuhan in central China's Hubei Province. A 10-member team of international researchers from the World Health Organization hopes to find clues as to the origin of the coronavirus pandemic in the central Chinese city of Wuhan, where the virus was first detected in late 2019. (Source: Chinatopix via AP, File)
The disease would ravage Wuhan before it was brought under control in March. The city was locked down on Jan. 23 with little or no warning. The hardships endured and lives lost became a source of both sorrow and pride for residents once the 76-day lockdown was lifted on April 8.
WHAT IS THE TEAM’S AGENDA?
First they have to quarantine for 14 days, during which they will work with Chinese counterparts via video conference. Possible visits after quarantine are the Huanan Seafood Market, the site of the December 2019 cluster of cases, and the Wuhan Institute of Virology.
Scientists initially suspected the virus came from wild animals sold in the market. The market has since been largely ruled out but it could provide hints to how the virus spread so widely. Samples from the market may still be available, along with the testimony of those involved in the early response.
The Wuhan Institute of Virology maintains an extensive archive of genetic sequences of bat coronaviruses built in the wake of the 2003 SARS pandemic, which spread from China to many countries. WHO team members would hope for access to lab logbooks and data, both junior and senior researchers and safety protocols for sample collection, storage and analysis.
WHY THE SECRECY?
China has firmly rejected calls for an independent outside investigation. The head of the WHO recently expressed impatience with how long China took to make necessary arrangements for the expert team’s visit.
The ruling Communist Party keeps a tight hold on information and is particularly concerned about possible revelations about its handling of the virus that could open it up to international criticism and financial demands.
China stifled independent reports about the outbreak and has published little information on its search for the origins of the virus. An AP investigation found that the government has strictly controlled all scientific research related to the outbreak and forbids researchers from speaking to the press.
State media continue to play up reports that suggest the virus could have originated elsewhere. In announcing the experts’ visit, Foreign Ministry spokesperson Zhao Lijian said “the tracing of the virus origin will most likely involve multiple countries and localities.”
A strong, shallow earthquake has shaken Indonesia’s Sulawesi island, toppling homes and buildings, triggering landslides and killing at least 15 people.
The U.S. government has executed a drug trafficker for a series of slayings in Virginia in 1992, despite his recent COVID-19 infection.
Published 2h at 12:21 AM
‘Fake’ US leg band may get pigeon a reprieve in Australia
ROD McGUIRK
Published 2h at 11:57 PM
Man shot at Starrville Methodist Church moved out of ICU into hospital rehab facility
Erin Wides
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Inns & Hotels
Run Your Own Pub
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Walton Arms
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CT Valley Brewing Company
Connecticut Valley Brewing Company is an independently owned and operated family business. The company was founded by two Connecticut locals who have dreamt of opening a brewery for many years and have always wanted to create a place where the community could gather and enjoy each other’s company. The South Windsor facility, which officially opened in early 2018, is situated in the heart of the Connecticut Valley. The brewery is just a short, five minute drive to the banks of the beautiful Connecticut River.
The logo features the F4U Corsair airplane which is the Connecticut State Airplane and a great testament to the spirit of the state. Because they feel community is important, the company is highlighting some of the state’s great industries and adventure spots by featuring them on the cans. These people and places have not only inspired their own lives and the life of the brewery, but they also honor the places they’ve come to live, love and grow in.
CT Valley ( 7 )
CT Valley Bell X-1
CT Valley Cosmic Circus
CT Valley Fueled by Gravity
CT Valley Hopman
CT Valley Sherwood
CT Valley Spiked Smoothie Strawberry Banana
CT Valley Trail Blazer
United States - Connecticut - South Windsor
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CA Ripon
Ripon is a city located in San Joaquin County, California. The population was 14,297 at the 2010 census. Ripon was originally known as Stanislaus City, but was renamed for Ripon, Wisconsin in 1876. Ripon, WI was the hometown of the community’s first postmaster, Applias Crooks.
48 Photos new
253 Gilbert Drive, Ripon, CA 95366
Listing Provided By RE/MAX Executive
451 Helen Drive, Ripon, CA 95366
Listing Provided By HomeSmart PV & Associates
527 Meadowland Drive, Ripon, CA 95366
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Sri Lanka Tourism requests all tourists in the island to register
Posted on May 5, 2020 | Aviation, Featured, General Services, Industry, Tourism
May 05, 2020 (LBO) – Sri Lanka Tourism is in the process of gathering details of all tourists, businessmen and expatriates engaged in the tourism industry of Sri Lanka in the outbreak of COVID-19 Pandemic in the country.
According to immigration data, there are 11,389 tourists in the country as of 4th May and Sri Lanka Tourism extends an invitation to all the International Tourists and Expatriates to register at the “Tourist & Expatriate Support Center” websiteon
www.register.sltda.gov.lk which provides live updates on COVID-19, essential travel information and assistance.
“COVID-19 was a severe blow to the Tourism industry which was still recovering after the Easter Sunday attacks last April. On the 12th of March when the World Health Organization (WHO) declared COVID-19 a pandemic, there were 76,224 foreign travellers in Sri Lanka.
Immediately, a 24/7 call center was set up to assist tourists and with transportation issues in times of curfew, outbound flight tickets were allowed to be used as curfew passes to reach the airport. Sri Lanka Tourism is also liaising with the Foreign Ministry, embassies, airport authorities and airlines to facilitate safe departures” Sri Lanka Tourism Chairperson, Kimarli Fernando said.
She further said there was no mechanism of tracking tourists in Sri Lanka apart from the immigration system which provides basic information of travellers and this registration will allow Sri Lanka Tourism to reach out and provide assistance during emergencies such as the COVID-19 outbreak and in the long term, this will also serve as a database of visiting International Tourists, Businessmen and Expatriates in Sri Lanka.
Sri Lanka Tourism reached out to ICTA to support and under their leadership the website was developed by TekGeeks (Pvt) Ltd – An IOM Sri Lanka funded Software Services Provider based in Sri Lanka specializing in software engineering, digital marketing and creative services.
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Children, Young Persons, and Their Families (Oranga Tamariki) Legislation Bill
Louisa Wall, in Committee, to move the following amendments:
In clause 6, new section 4(1)(e), replace subparagraph (i) (page 16, line 3) with:
a safe, stable, and loving home from the earliest opportunity, giving preference to placement with a member of the child’s or young person’s family, whānau, hapū, iwi, or family group; and
In clause 8, new section 5(1)(b)(iv), replace “recognising” (page 19, line 30) with “identifying” .
In clause 8, new section 5(1)(c)(iv), delete “wherever possible,” (page 20, line 32).
In clause 8, new section 5(1)(c)(v), delete “wherever possible,” (page 20, line 35).
In clause 8, new section 5(1)(d)(ii), delete “, where practicable,” (page 21, line 12).
In clause 13, new section 13(2), replace paragraph (e) (page 28, lines 14 to 23) with:
assistance and support should be provided to assist families, whanau, hapū, iwi, and family groups where—
there is a risk that a child or young person may be removed from their care; and
in other circumstances where the child or young person is, or is likely to be, in need of care and protection:
In clause 13, new section 13(2)(f)(ii), replace “required:” (page 28. line 31) with “required; and” .
In clause 13, new section 13(2)(f), after subparagraph (ii) (page 28, after line 31), insert:
identify alternative care arrangements within the child’s or young person’s family, whanau, hapū, iwi or family group:
In clause 13, new section 13(2)(i)(iii)(D), delete “where practicable,” (page 29, line 16).
This Supplementary Order Paper amends the Children, Young Persons, and Their Families (Oranga Tamariki) Legislation Bill to ensure that the relevance of family, whanau, hapū, iwi, and family group and the importance of keeping siblings together is applied in circumstances where a child or young person is deemed to be in need of care and protection.
While the purposes in clause 6, new section 4, are to promote the well-being of children, young persons, and their families, whanau, hapū, iwi, and family groups, new section 4(1)(e) does not specifically refer to whanau, hapū, and iwi in circumstances where matters of placement and future connection are paramount. Through the relevant clauses in new sections 4(1)(e), 5(1)(c), 5(1)(d), 13(2)(e), 13(2)(f), and 13(2)(i), there needs to be a clear indication that support and assistance for family, whanau, hapū, iwi, and family groups and recognition of their relationship with the child and young person and with their siblings is not at risk of being undermined once removal is likely or the child or young person is in care and protection.
This Supplementary Order Paper ensures that there is consistency in all aspects of decision making under the Bill in respect of the relevance and application of the role of and connection with family, whanau, hapū, iwi, and family groups.
Clauses 8 and 13 contain principles that are to guide decisions and action taken under the Bill. To that end, limitations such as “wherever possible” and “where practicable” are inappropriate within principle clauses that should be aspirational, and the use of these limiting words provides the opportunity to excuse actions or decisions that are not directed at the identified overarching principles that should be achievable and fundamental to operations and activities under the Bill. As the Bill identifies keeping siblings together as an objective, it is not appropriate to diminish that objective by using the words “where practicable”.
The amendment to clause 8, new section 5(1)(b)(iv), replacing “recognising” with “identifying” , is to ensure that emphasising the specific relevance of whakapapa to a child or young person deemed to be in need of care and protection will ensure that a cultural assessment is undertaken that identifies the family, whanau, hapū, iwi, and family group and the importance of their relationships with the child or young person and their specific roles in administering their whanaungatanga responsibilities. It ensures that there is consistency in all aspects of decision making under the Bill in respect of the relevance and application of the role of and connection with family, whanau, hapū, iwi, and family group.
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You are here: Home / Best Colleges in the U.S. / Best Colleges in Pennsylvania
Pennsylvania has a rich history of higher education beginning with the founding of the University of Pennsylvania, an Ivy League member, in 1740. Today, it has over 180 colleges and universities ranging from large research institutions to private liberal arts colleges to religious-affiliated schools.
Pennsylvania’s long-standing commitment to both public and private education has resulted in many of its schools being among the best in the country. Whether you’re looking for a small, intimate college or the hustle and bustle of a sprawling university, Pennsylvania has many different options to choose from.
Founded in 1885 as a Quaker institution, Bryn Mawr is one of the original liberal arts women’s colleges in the Northeastern United States during the nineteenth century. While its undergraduates remain all women, men are now allowed in graduate programs. Bryn Mawr was the first college to offer doctoral programs for women and has long-standing partnerships with the University of Pennsylvania, Haverford College and Swarthmore College. Bryn Mawr College is located in Bryn Mawr, PA which has a population of around 4,000. Students enjoy the quietude of their surroundings, while still having access to Philadelphia, which is less than thirty miles away.
Located in Lewisburg, Pennsylvania, Bucknell was founded in 1846. This private school is on a 450-acre rural campus and has a 9-1 student-to-teacher ratio. All classes are taught by faculty members, not graduate students, and 97 percent of faculty has terminal degrees. With a curriculum built around a liberal arts core, Bucknell is divided into three colleges: arts and sciences, engineering, and management. Yearly traditions include the Chrysalis Ball, a faculty, staff and student event, and First Night, which celebrates the completion of first-year students’ first semester.
Carnegie Mellon University was founded in 1900 as the Carnegie Technical Schools. In 1912, it began offering four-year degrees as the Carnegie Institute of Technology, and its current incarnation was created in 1967 when it merged with the Mellon Institute of Industrial Research. Located only three miles from downtown Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, this private research university is well known for its School of Computer Science and Tepper School of Business. It boasts twenty Nobel Prize winners among past and present faculty and alumni, and Randy Pausch, author of the bestselling book The Last Lecture, was a computer science faculty member.
Chartered in 1783, Dickinson College was the first college founded in the newly created United States. This private school is well known for its study abroad opportunities that include twelve global education centers located in other countries, including Australia, China, England, Japan, Korea and Russia. There’s also an accelerated program to earn a law degree through three years at Dickinson followed by three more years at the Dickinson School of Law at Pennsylvania State University. The campus is in picturesque Carlisle, population 20,000, and students may rent bicycles from the college to navigate around town.
Located in Elizabethtown, Pennsylvania, this private school was founded in 1899 by the Church of the Brethren and is informally known as “E-town.” The college supports all expressions of faith and has been governed by an independent board of trustees since 1993. The school’s philosophy emphasizes education for service: learning in all fields is best used to serve others. To further this aim, in 2004 Elizabethtown created the Center for Global Understanding and Peacemaking to promote civic engagement through international programs. For students interested in journalism, The E-Townian, the student-run newspaper, is a highly regarded small-college newspaper.
Franklin & Marshall College
Franklin & Marshall College is a private undergraduate liberal arts college located in Lancaster, Pennsylvania. Founded in 1787, it was the first coed institution of higher education in the United States. The school’s educational philosophy is built upon four pillars: academic excellence, a supportive community, individualized experience and post-graduation success. All first-year students must live in one of five “College Houses” overseen by residential faculty members. The campus is within walking distance of Lancaster’s downtown where students can shop at the Central Market, the oldest continually operating farmers market in the country.
Founded in 1832, this private college is located next to the Gettysburg National Military Park, site of a defining battle in the American Civil War and where Abraham Lincoln delivered “The Gettysburg Address.” The school’s philosophy is to use experiential learning to build leaders dedicated to lives of service. Numerous internship and externship opportunities are available with travel costs paid by the Gettysburg Center for Career Development. Career immersion trips are also common. On these trips, students travel around the country on three-to-five-day trips to meet with alumni in different career fields, participate in case studies and attend industry presentations.
Located in Haverford, Pennsylvania, this private college was founded in 1833 by Quakers although it no longer has any religious affiliation. Haverford has no fraternities or sororities, but there are almost 150 student organizations to choose from. In addition, it has the only varsity cricket team and the oldest collegiate soccer team in the United States. Faculty members involve students in their research as part of the students’ educational experience. Students and faculty alike are bound by an honor code over one hundred years old that emphasizes honesty, mutual respect and trust.
Lafayette College was founded in 1826 and is in Easton, Pennsylvania, seventy miles from New York City and sixty miles from Philadelphia. Community-based and service-learning projects are a foundation of the college’s curriculum. In addition, the school has made a commitment to environmental sustainability and characterizes its campus as a living laboratory. Students can opt to study abroad for a month, a semester or even an entire year. As a residential college, almost all students live on campus, as only seventy or so seniors a year are approved to live off campus.
Founded in 1865, this private university in Bethlehem, Pennsylvania, is seventy-five miles west of New York City and fifty miles north of Philadelphia. Located at the base of South Mountain, half of Lehigh’s 2,358-acre campus is preserved as green space. The school is divided into four colleges: engineering and applied science, arts and sciences, business and economics, and education. There is a long tradition of service as exemplified by the Jeanne Clery Disclosure of Campus Security Policy and Campus Crime Statistics Act (Clery Act) that originated at Lehigh. This act requires schools using federal financial aid programs to publish annual comprehensive campus crime data.
Located in Mechanicsburg, Pennsylvania, this private Christian liberal arts college was founded by the Brethren in Christ Church in 1909. The school’s motto is “Christ Preeminent,” and its educational philosophy is based on the direct relevance of Christianity in all facets of life. A variety of Christian faiths are represented among the student body although its overall makeup is broadly evangelical. To meld community engagement and career development, Messiah implemented the Experiential Learning Initiative (ELI) requiring all students to complete an internship; service-learning course; or off-campus, cross-cultural program or to fill a leadership position or participate in undergraduate research.
Muhlenberg College is a Lutheran-affiliated private liberal arts institution founded in 1848 in Allentown, Pennsylvania. This undergraduate college’s curriculum is built upon the classic liberal arts core in conjunction with an emphasis on curiosity and creativity. Thanks to a one-billion-dollar investment, Allentown has three historic districts and a stellar park system. It also has a population with diverse political beliefs, which frequently puts the town and the school on the national stage. For example, Muhlenberg’s Institute of Public Opinion, whose polls in the field are conducted by students, is considered one of the best polling services in the country.
Founded in 1851, this private Jesuit Catholic university is in Philadelphia, Pennsylvania. The school’s philosophy is summed up by the phrase cura personalis (“care for the whole person”). In addition to its rigorous, student-centered liberal arts education, Saint Joseph’s offers students many opportunities to prepare for their post-graduation endeavors. For example, students at the Erivan K. Haub School of Business go beyond the traditional classroom experience by using the cutting-edge Wall Street Trading Room. Students can also conduct their own original research via the Summer Scholars Program and earn a stipend while also having faculty oversight.
Located in Swarthmore, Pennsylvania, this private liberal arts college was founded in 1864 by Quakers but has been non-sectarian since 1906. Swarthmore is one of the few liberal arts colleges with an engineering program. Students can also take classes at Haverford and Bryn Mawr. Swarthmore is considered an elite liberal arts college due in large part to its Honors Program. Honors students participate in small seminars and typically write three ten-page papers, one of which will usually be expanded to an end-of-semester, twenty-to-thirty-page thesis. Outside subject-matter experts conduct oral and written exams for honors students after their final semester.
The University of Pennsylvania, as noted in the opening paragraph, was founded in 1740 and molded by Benjamin Franklin’s educational tenets. The university is one of eight Ivy League schools. Its educational philosophy combines the classic liberal arts curriculum with pre-professional preparation. Penn has four undergraduate schools: arts and sciences, nursing, engineering and applied science, and business. There are also many interdisciplinary programs available, including the Vagelos Program in Life Sciences and Management and the Huntsman Program in International Studies and Business. Opportunities for global education are offered by Penn Abroad, which allows more than 600 undergraduates to study abroad for a semester or more each year.
Founded in 1787, this state-related university is in the Oakland neighborhood of Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, only three miles from the city’s downtown. Several of its programs such as engineering and education are highly regarded, and this also includes Pitt’s School of Medicine, which works in partnership with the University of Pittsburgh Medical Center. Students ride public transportation for free and have free admission to cultural centers, including the Andy Warhol Museum. The student body is well known for its devotion to both collegiate and professional sports, and the “Oakland Zoo” student cheering section is a staple at basketball games.
University of Scranton
Located in Scranton, Pennsylvania, this private Jesuit Catholic research university was founded in 1888. The school is divided into three colleges: arts and sciences, management, and professional studies. The classic liberal arts core develops the critical thinking and communication skills students will need in their personal and professional lives. Each year, approximately fifty first-year students are selected for the Special Jesuit Liberal Arts (SJLA) Honors Program. In the SJLA, faculty members are paired with inductees to explore philosophy, literature, and theology and how they relate to serving the common good. Other select opportunities include the Business Leadership Honors Program and the Faculty/Student Research Program.
Ursinus College was founded in 1869 in the aptly named Collegeville, Pennsylvania. This private, small school is located twenty-five miles from Philadelphia. It offers a range of majors from wellness education to applied economics, but all students must take the Common Intellectual Experience seminar. Designed to prepare students for the remainder of their college education, this class asks them questions such as “What should matter to me, and what should I do?” and “How can we live together and understand the world?” Ursinus College was one of forty schools included in the 2006 bestselling guidebook Colleges That Change Lives.
Founded in 1842, this Roman Catholic-affiliated private research university is in Radnor Township, a suburb of Philadelphia, Pennsylvania. The Augustinian Catholic intellectual tradition forms the foundation of Villanova’s educational philosophy as embodied in the school’s six colleges: liberal arts and sciences, business, engineering, nursing, professional studies, and law. Villanova offers both undergraduate and graduate degree programs, which emphasize the collaborative pursuit of knowledge. More of its students participate in Habitat for Humanity projects than any other school in the country, and the annual Special Olympics competition is the largest student-run event of its kind in the world.
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LFJL calls for accountability and caution in response to the ongoing violence in Sirte
News Accountability
Lawyers for Justice in Libya (LFJL) strongly condemns the violent acts recently carried out in the city of Sirte between 12 and 15 August 2015. Reports suggest that 57 individuals have died as a result of these recent clashes, 12 of whom were allegedly crucified and beheaded by actors affiliated to the Islamic State (IS). LFJL calls on the Libyan state and the international community to take steps to ensure accountability for these grave crimes and to prevent the further loss of life.
The ongoing conflict between non-state actors in Sirte has resulted in the use of indiscriminate shelling over recent months. These attacks have targeted residential communities and hospitals in clear violation of international humanitarian law. In addition, since 2014, several extrajudicial killings have been attributed to IS forces across Libya. These horrific acts constitute severe human rights abuses and may amount to crimes against humanity and war crimes under international law.
The Libyan state has a clear responsibility to protect its civilian population from harm from both state and non-state actors, including IS. If it fails to respond appropriately to prevent further violence it risks becoming complicit in these international crimes. LFJL therefore welcomes any acknowledgement of such responsibility by state actors and considered efforts to prevent the further loss of civilian life.
The Arab League held emergency discussions in response to the situation in Sirte on 18 July 2015 and discussed the possible creation of an armed coalition to intervene in Libya. LFJL reminds both the Libyan state and the international community that any agreed upon response must be proportionate and necessary. If the use of an armed international response is sanctioned, its use must be limited and compliant to principles of human rights and humanitarian law. This is essential to prevent the further loss of civilian life through indiscriminate attacks. Further, the reckless use of international forces may further aggravate the already volatile political situation in Libya, extending the ongoing internal conflict and result in additional civilian casualties.
LFJL also reminds the international community of the many appropriate non-armed responses to the situation in Sirte which have yet to be exhausted. The UN Security Council Resolution 2174 (2014) authorises the Security Council to impose travel bans and asset freezes on individuals suspected to be responsible for human rights violations in Libya. LFJL urges such sanctions to be implemented, as many involved in the fighting in Sirte are alleged either to be foreign nationals or to have significant assets and relations outside of Libya.
LFJL recalls that both the Libyan state and the international community have a responsibility to hold actors accountable for violations of international law. LFJL urges Libyan state actors to carry out investigations and to prosecute individuals responsible for the reported crimes committed in Sirte and across Libya more widely. If the Libyan state is perceived as unwilling or unable to carry out such investigations, LFJL urges the International Criminal Court to operationalise its mandate to investigate international crimes committed in Libya and to pursue arrest warrants for the individuals responsible.
International Advocacy Programme Coordinator at LFJL, Aml El-Houderi remarked, “The situation in Sirte and across Libya more widely is both one of extreme gravity and extreme sensitivity. Both the Libyan state and the international community must act with cautious urgency if the further loss of civilian life is to be prevented. More than ever there is a need for individuals to be held accountable for their alleged criminal activities; failure to do so will further undermine the rule of law and perpetuate the perception that human rights violations are met with legal impunity.”
Archive Monitoring Report
Haqani
tourathna
LibyaMatters
CapacityBuilding
TransitionalJustice
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Nicaragua Maritime Lawyers
As the largest nation in Central America, Nicaragua experiences heavy traffic year-round, especially traffic on its waterways. Bluefields is Nicaragua’s chief port, from which the nation’s main goods are transported, including seafood and hardwood. However, Nicaragua is home to several other marine ports and has seen a fair share of maritime accidents and crimes.
When the United Nations’ highest court extended Nicaragua’s territorial waters from the standard 12 miles to 25 miles, several incidents ensued. Many foreign flagged vessels were seized and numerous crew members were arrested. As a result, United States authorities have issued warnings for U.S. vessels to avoid entering Nicaraguan waters. Nicaraguan waters are also notoriously popular drug smuggling routes, which can pose a risk for both commercial and passenger vessels sailing in Nicaraguan territorial seas.
Given the safety risk that navigating in Nicaraguan waters poses to both native and foreign travelers and seafarers, crimes and accidents on the high seas are not uncommon. Unfortunately, maritime law cases pertaining to accidents and injures acquired in Central American nations like Nicaragua can be very complex. While there are many laws that protect injured crew members, cruise passengers, and boaters from incidents that occur in the United States, those who have been hurt in foreign waters should seek help from an experienced maritime attorney.
Lipcon, Margulies, Alsina & Winkleman, P.A. understands the intricacies that often surround maritime accident cases in Nicaragua and will help protect your rights, whether you suffered an injury while in the service of a commercial vessel or aboard a recreational water craft.
How the Jones Act Can Protect Nicaraguan Seamen
Many maritime accidents are the result of a ship owner’s failure to provide a safe working environment for their crew. However, accidents don’t always occur on navigable waters. Many times, crew members suffer injuries on land, and victims may be entitled to protections under the Jones Act.
The Jones Act is a federal law that protects seamen who are injured while in the course of their employment, whether they were injured at sea or on land. Under the Jones Act, victims may be able to obtain damages for medical expenses, lost wages, disability, pain and suffering, and other matters. Although it is a U.S. law and protects U.S. seafarers, not many are aware of the fact that the legislation can also protect foreign seafarers whose employers are based in the United States.
If you are a Nicaraguan native working aboard a ship or for a maritime company whose operations are based in the U.S., a maritime lawyer can evaluate the circumstances surrounding your case and determine if you eligible to file a claim under the Jones Act.
Seeking Legal Counsel for Your Maritime Claim
Our attorneys offer legal services to crew members, cruise passengers, and recreational vessel accident victims in Bluefields, León, and Managua. We also assist Nicaraguan natives who were injured while in the service of a maritime company based in the United States. Contact Lipcon, Margulies, Alsina & Winkleman, P.A. today for a free consultation to determine your rights and case options.
Other Locations in Central America
Our Results Seaman Burn Injuries> $25,843,903.00El Faro Disaster> $10,000,000.00 +Cruise Passengers Sexually Assaulted By Cabin Steward> Confidential14 Year Old Girl Sexually Assaulted On Cruise Ship> Confidential View More Results
My experience with Michael Winkleman and his team started when I failed to find someone in my home country of Australia who could deal with my shipboard accident. I have been thrilled with the service and genuine care of his team.
Frances Woods
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Sac capital
Inside the most lucrative insider trading in U.S. history
by Kai Ryssdal
Jury selection began in the trial of former SAC Capital trader Mathew Martoma.
https://www.marketplace.org/2014/01/07/inside-most-lucrative-insider-trading-us-history/
Hedge fund founder calls insider trading rules "vague"
by Liyna Anwar
The documentary series Frontline uncovered video related to Steven A. Cohen and SAC Capital's fine of $1.2 billion.
https://www.marketplace.org/2013/11/08/hedge-fund-founder-calls-insider-trading-rules-vague/
$1.2 billion settlement expected in SAC Capital insider trading case
It will be the largest fine ever for insider trading.
https://www.marketplace.org/2013/11/04/12-billion-settlement-expected-sac-capital-insider-trading-case/
SAC: 'A magnet for market cheaters'?
by Stacey Vanek Smith
The Justice Department has charged big hedge fund SAC with insider trading.
TIMOTHY CLARY/AFP/Getty Images
https://www.marketplace.org/2013/07/25/sac-magnet-market-cheaters/
For one hedge fund: A heartbreaking week of staggering gossip
What do a $155 million Picasso, a $60 million Hamptons home, a $600 million fine and a trader in handcuffs have in common? The answer: a tumultuous week for high-profile hedge-fund titan Stephen A. Cohen.
Monika Graff/Getty Images
https://www.marketplace.org/2013/03/29/one-hedge-fund-heartbreaking-week-staggering-gossip/
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6 Hikers Who Beat the Odds
July 20, 2016 hanalarock 0
July 20, 2016 hanalarock
There are a lot of good reasons to avoid technology in the outdoors, but also reasons to praise it. Though many people plan trips to the backcountry to escape the distractions, there are others who wouldn’t be able to hike without such advancements. Say “hello” to these amazing hikers, who have beat the odds thanks to a little thing called technology.
1. Stacey Kozel
If you haven’t yet heard about Stacey Kozel, you definitely won’t forget about her now. According to the Washington Post, Kozel has technology to thank for allowing her to hike after lupus paralyzed her legs. And, she’s not just doing an ordinary hike either, she’s taking on the Appalachian Trail.
Knowing she couldn’t do the AT in a wheelchair, this outdoor enthusiast searched for other alternatives to help her reach her dream. After going through hell and back with her insurance company, she was finally approved to get the C-Brace Bionic Exoskeleton. The devices, when strapped to her legs, function to help her walk. Sure, she needs some hiking poles to assist her, but who doesn’t?! Though Kozel couldn’t have done it without her positive attitude, the technology certainly helped, too.
2. Aron Ralston
There aren’t a lot of people who haven’t seen 127 Hours, but if you happen to be someone who hasn’t, then this is a great story of someone who has beat the odds. Aron Ralston was hiking in Blue John Canyon of Utah when his arm got crushed by a boulder. Long story short, the only way for him to survive was by cutting off his own arm. Ralston needed to utilize a few technological tools that helped him get through this insane experience.
Ralston was able to use a video camera to record a video saying goodbye to his family, that thankfully, wasn’t his final farewell. Thanks to a pocketknife, he was able to amputate his arm, and made his way as far out of the canyon has he could before being noticed by a hiking family. Today, Ralston still continues to hike and climb mountains, with the use of a prosthesis to aid him. Prosthetics have helped many people be able to hike.
3. Mike Hanson
Hiking thru-trails like the Appalachian Trail is hard for anyone, as less than 25% of the people who attempt it actually complete it. But, what if you’re blind? Walking in general can be a pretty difficult task if you’re unable to see. Of course, hiking one of the hardest trails in the world would seem impossible for a blind person.
But, not for Mike Hanson, who has truly beat the odds.
Thanks to technology, the attorney from Minneapolis was able to do something most people without visual impairments can’t even do. Hanson used a GPS and trekking poles to complete a large portion of the AT in 2010, despite being visually impaired. His achievement shed light on the importance of technology in the backpacking community.
4/5. Bill Irwin and Trevor Thomas
While Mike Hanson’s story is certainly unique, he’s not the first blind person to hike the Appalachian Trail. That goes to Bill Irwin, who did it in 1990. Unlike the time period in which Hanson hiked, the technology available in Irwin’s time wasn’t quite that advanced. The only thing Irwin had to help him was a guide dog. If you’ve ever heard of the “Orient Express,” it refers to these two, as Irwin’s German shepherd was named “Orient.”
So, you might be wondering how exactly a guide dog is considered “technology.” Well, remember, the definition of technology is “the application of scientific technology for practical purposes.” Someone figured out that a dog was capable of leading the disabled, and they have since given everyone an equal opportunity to do what they love.
There are other hikers out there that are also able to hike with the help of a guide dog. One is Trevor Thomas and his dog Tennille, who have hiked over 18,000 miles since 2006.
6. Grayson Wynne
Too much TV is never a good thing, unless it helps nine-year-old boys like Grayson Wynne survive in the backcountry. In 2009, this young boy was hiking with a large group of families in Ashley National Forest in Utah, when he got separated. Immediately, the skills he learned from the TV show “Man vs. Wild” on the Discovery Channel, helped Wynne beat the odds.
The specific thing Wynne remembered to do was to tear up pieces of his rain jacket, and tie it to the trees so rescuers could find him. It wasn’t too long (okay, eighteen hours) before a helicopter flew overhead. Using the last piece of his jacket, the boy flagged down the rescuers. He also used other techniques to help lure rescuers, including leaving his food wrappers, footprints, and following a creek to try and get to safety. Parents might think differently about TV because of him.
These amazing people have beat the odds, despite being born with or facing conditions that have limited them. And, it’s all thanks to some positive vibes and advancements in technology.
previous Why You Should Send Your Kids to Forest Kindergarten
next 8 Activities to Keep Busy Between Your Hikes
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6 Times Bear Spray Went Very Wrong
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Monday, 31 August 2015 / Published in Medical Negligence
[soundcloud id=221678333]
Do things regularly go wrong in Hospitals?
Unfortunately things do go wrong.
A Prime Time Documentary programme aired last month reported a major spike in the number of adverse events reported in the maternity units of two hospital groups last year.
The number of birth specific adverse incidents reported by the maternity units of hospitals in Limerick and Portlaoise together increased by 80 per cent last year, according to figures revealed by RTÉ’s Prime Time programme.
The number of adverse incidents related to clinical procedures in those units increased by 254 per cent.
On 9th October 2012 the State Claims Agency and the HSE published a report which revealed that 85,918 incidents of harm or near misses occurred in the Irish health service in 2011.This is a truly staggering figure which equates to 235 errors every day.
A closer look at the breakdown of the overall figure reveals some frightening facts. For example, there were:-
2,069 peri-operative or peri-procedure incidents (5 per day).
1,001 blood transfusion incidents (almost 3 per day).
6,633 medication incidents including 2,779 incidents where either the incorrect dosage or incorrect medication was administered or where the medication was missed or given at an incorrect frequency (7 per day).
6,293 treatment incidents. These include 1,555 incidents where delays in treatment or a failure to provide treatment resulted in an adverse outcome for the patient (4 per day).
5,607 peri-natal incidents, covering the period around childbirth for both mother and child (15 per day)
1,922 equipment / device incidents (5 per day)
1,436 diagnosis incidents (4 per day)
Why do people contact a Solicitor?
The medical profession is held in high esteem. Huge trust is placed in a health professional when you submit yourself for an operation or even when you hold out your arm to receive an injection.
When things go wrong the reaction of an injured patient or their family is an emotional one: there is a strong sense of the breach of this trust.
I find that injured patients hire Solicitors, not because of the desire to obtain compensation, but instead they are driven by a lack of knowledge about what happened to them, the inability to get answers and the desire to get an apology. In many cases we achieve compensation for Clients with an apology.
There is a perception amongst injured patients and their families that when something goeswrong, the medical profession closes ranks and they cannot get straight answers to the straightforward questions.
Are these types of cases very difficult?
Unlike with other types of personal injuries, medical negligence cases are very complex. In a lot of cases, the person is sick before they ever get to hospital, or they are suffering from a serious underlying condition, such as cancer and one of the tasks which the Solicitor faces is to distinguish what the outcome would have been but for the negligent act or omission which took place.
Inevitably, the Defendants will argue that the illness or disease that the person had when they submitted themselves for treatment was the determining factor in the final outcome or, in the context for instance of a surgical treatment, that the injury complained of is within the realm ofacceptable error :“ a recognised complication”.
Another difficulty is the lack of knowledge: when somebody gets injured in a factory, or is in an accident on the road, what led to the event is rarely in dispute. However, in a medical context, the background of the facts can be so vast and complex, that very often it is difficultto understand what happened.
Another difficulty is that medical negligence cases are still David v Goliath type challenges. They involve you (an individual) taking on the State which has deeper pockets and noemotional stake in the outcome.
How would someone know if there has been an act of Medical Negligence?
It is very difficult to establish at an early stage. It is not common for hospitals to inform patients when an error has occurred so typically a patient or relative becomes suspicious of an error, an uninformed opinion is formed we are then instructed to investigate.
What initial steps do you take to establish a possible case or “cause of action”?
Medical negligence claims, in a similar way to personal injury claims, are made up of a series of hurdles. If you do not clear the first hurdle you cannot move on to the next.
Take up copies of all medical records and check them. In some cases we may even send them to a medical records expert for analysis;
Write to the doctor, health care professional or institution we believe is responsible for the injuries caused;
Medical experts specialising in the particular area of medicine involved will then be asked to consider whether or not the treatment received was negligent or substandard and if so the extent of the damage it caused.
If we consider that we have enough evidence to prove a case of medical negligence, then we advise starting court proceedings immediately.
Clinical negligence cases can be settled by negotiation without the need to proceed to a full trial but they are rarely resolved without starting court action.
It is a fact that things do go wrong with surgery and there may not necessarily be negligence – how do the Courts decide what is and what is not negligence? Medical Negligence is essentially an act or omission by a health care professional which is below the accepted standard of care and which results in injury or death to a patient. Interestingly, before the 1950s there was no reported case of medical negligence in Ireland. In fact, until 1989 the number of cases was minimal.
In 1989 the case of Dunne v The National Maternity Hospital [1989] Irish Reports 91; came before the Supreme Court and remains to be the influential case in medical negligence to the present day. The facts of this case was that only one heartbeat was monitored during pregnancy, despite the fact that the mother was pregnant with twins; this led to one twin being delivered with severe brain damage, and the other being delivered dead. These principles are very lengthy and too lengthy to discuss here but in summary you have to prove that the care you received fell below medically acceptable standards. Acceptable General and approved practice’ need not be universal but must be approved of and adhered to by a substantial number of reputable practitioners holding the relevant specialist or general qualifications.
What types of cases do you come across?
Medical Negligence can happen because of:
Diagnosis – i.e. misdiagnosis or delayed diagnosis;
Treatment – i.e. errors in the medical treatment such as incorrect medication, surgical
errors, exposure to infection (MRSA etc.) or;
During the last 30 years the office has probably dealt with most types of medical negligence. We have dealt with a broad range of medical negligence cases over the years. We have represented clients in the areas of cancer misdiagnosis, orthopaedic and surgical negligence, failure to diagnose, cerebral palsy and neonatal claims, amongst others.
We are currently representing a significant number of people who have been affected by the DePuy hip implant recall.
Is there a time period for bringing these cases?
The Statute of Limitations (Amendment) Act 1991 introduced the ‘date of knowledge’ for personal injury cases. The date of knowledge is applied when the date the wrong/injury takes place differs from the date the wrong/injury is discovered. This means that in situations where the injury may not be obvious at first the time limit for actions does not begin until the injured party is aware of the injury. While, generally speaking, a person has two years to make a claim for medical negligence, the date of knowledge has been applied in medical negligence cases. A person who receives a negligent medical procedure may not have knowledge of the injury at first until the injuries cause problems or they become aware that such problems arose as a consequence of such procedures. The ‘date of knowledge’ ensures that the time limit does not run out before a person realises they have an injury/action.
Tagged under: Medical Negligence
Emma Greene
Gillian O’ Mahony
John M. Lynch
Jonathan Henckert
Roisín Kelly
Rosie Lynch
Personal Injury and Accident
DePuy ASR Hip Implant Recall
The Injuries Board – PIAB Process
Co-ownership Agreements
Private Residential Tenancies
Marriage Breakdowns – Your Options
Bereavement Legal Issues
Enduring Power of Attorney – Preparing for the Future
Spouses and Children: Know Your Inheritance Rights
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Publications / Viewpoints
September 2, 2013 | Font size: 75% 100% 125% 150%
By F. Vincent Vernuccio
Pure majority rule in our country has its necessary limits.
(Editor’s Note: This article was originally published July 16, 2013, online at Michigan Capitol Confidential.)
“We are a democracy, we operate by majority rule. Therefore we can force you to give us your money.” Such is the message from unions justifying forced dues and opposing laws that protect worker freedom.
It is liberty, not democracy that is the highest form of society.
Make no mistake, democracies, direct or representational, are better than any other form of government. However, they are only as good as the extent to which they protect the liberty that individuals enjoy. These liberties exist in spite, rather than because, of government institutions.
Many opponents of right-to-work laws justify their ability to force workers to financially support unions because those workers are within a group whose members at one time voted to force everyone in the group to pay.
This is different than voluntarily joining an organization that requires all members to pay dues for the use of their facilities, such as a golf club or a gym. Joining or being associated with a union is not voluntary or a matter of choice. In most cases it is a condition of employment.
Workers do not take a job at Ford because they want to join the UAW. They join the UAW because they took a job at Ford.
The union defense of “we can do anything we want because we have majority rule and we are a democracy like the government” fails on many fronts.
The most glaring inaccurate comparison is that the United States is a direct democracy. With the exception of some very small towns and state and local ballot measures, our government is a republic.
Furthermore, we are not just a republic that elects representatives to make our laws, but rather we are a constitutional republic in which certain rights of the individual are protected against laws made by the “majority.”
The Founding Fathers correctly worried about tyranny of the majority and created several protections against it. James Madison warned against taking liberty out of a democracy. In the Federalist Papers No. 10 he wrote, “Liberty is to faction what air is to fire, an aliment without which it instantly expires.”
That is where defenders of forced unionism fail. When liberty is taken out of democracy and the majority is given the ability to steal from the minority, that no longer is a good and noble form of government or representation. Thankfully that is not, for the most part, the case in America.
Even if the majority of a small community in the United States with a town hall style democracy or a state with voter initiatives and referendum voted for a law that banned people from going to church, it would not stand because of the First Amendment to the Bill of Rights in the United States Constitution.
It would not matter if a majority of the voters supported the law, majority rule would not be allowed to infringe on the rights and liberties of the minority protected by our Constitution.
Finally, unions are not government. The First Amendment’s freedom of association itself protects workers’ rights to ban together and join unions.
The special privileges granted unions include acting as the exclusive representative for workers, compelling an employer to negotiate with them, and other collective bargaining abilities that come from the laws government made such as the National Labor Relations Act, National Railway Act, and various state labor laws among others.
Unions, on the other hand, do not provide for government.
While unions in non-right-to-work states can get a worker fired for not paying them (again a privilege granted to them by government) they do not have the ability to create their own jail and incarcerate that worker.
The reason for these limitations is simple — unions are not government. They cannot have a police force, they cannot have jails, and most of all, they were never formed to govern citizens.
As unions try to use the majority rule argument to justify their ability to compel others to pay them, they must be reminded that there are rights more fundamental than giving the many carte blanche authority over the few.
When there is a conflict between liberty and democracy, we must always err on the side of liberty.
F. Vincent Vernuccio is director of labor policy at the Mackinac Center for Public Policy, a research and educational institute headquartered in Midland, Mich. Permission to reprint in whole or in part is hereby granted, provided that the author and the Center are properly cited.
SKU: V2013-25
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Future Versions of Adobe Creative Suite to Drop PowerPC Support
Wednesday August 12, 2009 1:35 PM PDT by Eric Slivka
Adobe's Principal Project Manager for Photoshop John Nack today announced on his blog that future versions of the company's Creative Suite packages will drop support for Macs running on PowerPC processors and become Intel-only offerings.
By the time the next version of the Suite ships, the very youngest PPC-based Macs will be roughly four years old. They're still great systems, but if you haven't upgraded your workstation in four years, you're probably not in a rush to upgrade your software, either. Bottom line: Time & resources are finite, and with big transitions underway (going 64-bit-native, switching from Carbon to Cocoa), you want Adobe building for the future, not for the past.
Additional information for Adobe's customers using PowerPC machines can be found on the FAQ page for Creative Suite. Nack also notes that news about other Adobe applications, including Flash Player and Acrobat Reader, will be released in the near future.
Apple's Mac OS X Snow Leopard, due for release next month, is also dropping support for PowerPC-based Macs.
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'NFL Sunday Ticket' Coming to New Apple TV?
Wednesday December 15, 2010 7:19 am PST by Eric Slivka
Market research surveys can certainly be hit-or-miss when it comes to revealing companies' future product plans, but a new one from satellite TV provider DirecTV dug up by Engadget hints at the intriguing possibility of the company's "NFL Sunday Ticket" sports package being made available through the new Apple TV as well as a number of other devices.
According to a tipster, some of the questions asking about potential pricing setups indicated the digital version would be available via currently unsupported devices including internet connected Blu-ray players & TVs, "game machines," Apple TV, Roku and Boxee.
Such a move to push live streaming content to the Apple TV would mark a significant expansion of the device's capabilities. And while the service would presumably be offered as a menu option on the Apple TV in a similar manner to Netflix, the existing NFL Sunday Ticket iOS applications demonstrate how such content could be relatively easily moved to the new Apple TV should Apple decide to open up the platform to third-party applications.
In the United States, the traditional NFL Sunday Ticket TV package is available exclusively through DirecTV, making it one of the satellite television provider's key selling points for consumers. In addition to offering access via their set-top boxes, DirectTV also offers "NFL Sunday Ticket To-Go" for both its traditional subscribers and non-subscribers alike, allowing them to view content on their computers and on mobile devices such as the iPad and iPhone.
Related Roundups: Apple TV, tvOS 14
Buyer's Guide: Apple TV (Don't Buy)
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League of Legends Open Beta Lands on the Mac
Friday March 1, 2013 10:56 am PST by Jordan Golson
The incredibly popular multiplayer game League of Legends has arrived on the Mac. Existing players can download the game directly, while new users will need to create an account.
The free-to-play League of Legends was originally released in 2009 for the PC. Inspired by the Warcraft III map Defense of the Ancients, players compete in 5v5 (or 3v3) battles controlling a single character. Each week there's a rotation of available characters to play as, and the game is monetized by allowing players to pay to permanently unlock these characters as well as cosmetic skins for them.
League of Legends is also one of the most popular eSports games and many events are streamed live with hundreds of thousands of viewers. Prizes for the highest level leagues can run into the millions of dollars and each team has their own personalities and fan followings.
Going native on Mac has been a big goal for us, and we’re really excited to offer the same experience across both platforms. And just in case you’re still skeptical, we managed to wrangle an endorsement from this business-savvy professional. We’re confident you all know that this man games as he pleases!
The Mac client does everything that the PC client does, meaning you’ll get all future features, bug fixes and new content on the same schedule as PC players, but on your native OS. The Cross-Platform team will also continue working diligently to smash any Mac bugs that surface during the open beta.
League of Legends had a private Mac beta client that was scrapped a few years ago, and rumblings of the game returning to OS X have been all over the internet for months now. League of Legends' payment model is designed to be very different from the timer-based freemium games like Real Racing 3. Users can play as much as they want without paying, but they are limited to the characters available that week. Alternatively, gamers can pay between $5 and $10 to permanently unlock a playable character or players can earn in-game currency through gameplay.
To mark the release of the Mac beta, League of Legends has released the iBlitzcrank skin for the character Blitzcrank as well as this promotional video that is full of inside jokes for existing fans:
103 months ago
Score: 13 Votes (Like | Disagree)
It's only the most played video game. I suppose you don't like games at all and that's why you never heard of it; in that case your comment is useless and would invite you to think before commenting.
dbyway
YES!!!!!!!!!!! I can finally get rid of my Windows partition!
It's the #1 played game in the entire world... double the amount of players of WoW.
I've been playing league on my mac since December. I got the beta from boompje.net Nothing new here.
This is native. Yours isn't. This is new.
ckelley
Well thank you so very much for that insight. As for those of us who have... this is great news. Can't wait to give it a go when I get home.
Abyssgh0st
You've never heard of the most played computer game? You're either not a gamer, or you're browsing under a rock.
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NEWS CONTACT
MAZZA ARTIST MONTHLY
MAZZA MEDALLION
STEAM EDUCATION CENTER
Mazza Museum To Feature 2016 Award Winning Artists
February 22, 2016September 27, 2018
Adults, Artists, Conference, News & Eventsby ufadmin
This March, the University of Findlay’s Mazza Museum will feature several award winning artists in the Catherine Freed Galleria. When the 2016 Caldecott, Carnegie, Newbery, and Pura Belpre awards were announced this year, Benjamin Sapp, director of the Mazza Museum and his team realized many of the award winners’ artwork is already a part of the Mazza collection.
“It gives us a sense of pride in the quality of artwork we have at the Mazza Museum,” said Sapp. “We’re pleased to see so many Mazza artists being recognized, and we want to showcase them so that our visitors can enjoy their work and understand the process involved in creating them.”
All of the artists and award winners being featured have a special connection with the Mazza Museum. In fact, many have been featured as keynote artists in the Mazza Summer or Weekend conferences in recent years. Artists who speak at the conferences—like 2016 Caldecott Award winner Sophie Blackall did in 2015—share personal stories about their work and often meet and sign autographs for participants during the conference. Many of last summer’s attendees were delighted to hear “Finding Winnie,” illustrated by Blackall and written by Lindsay Mattick received the Caldecott Medal this year, especially those who had her autograph their copy.
While here in Summer of 2015, Blackall donated art from her book “Mr. and Mrs. Bunny—Detectives Extraordinaire” to the Mazza Museum. Her work, along with other award winners and award winning titles, will be featured in the Freed Galleria this March.
The Association for Library Service to Children, a division of the American Library Association, honors the most distinguished contributions to American literature for children each year. While the American Library Association recognizes one Caldecott award winner, the committee also honors other books worthy of attention each year. Receiving Caldecott Honors in 2016, Kevin Henkes and Bryan Collier both spoke at Mazza conferences in past years as well. Art from Henkes’ books “Sheila Rae, the Brave” and “Lilly’s Big Day” will be featured in the galleria, along with Collier’s “Visiting Langston.”
Victoria Jamieson received a Newberry Honor this year for “Roller Girl.” Mazza will feature two works of art from “Roller Girl,” a graphic novel for middle-grade readers about friendship and surviving junior high through the power of roller derby. Jamieson draws from her experience as a skater with the Rose City Rollers roller derby league.
Rafael Lopez, who spoke at the Mazza Summer Conference in 2015, received the 2016 Pura Belpre Award for a Latino/Latina writer and illustrator whose work best portrays, affirms, and celebrates the Latino cultural experience. The galleria will include his art from “Tito Puerte,” “Mambo King” and “Book Fiesta.”
A portfolio from “Pigeon in the Hat” by Mo Willems will also be a part of Mazza’s galleria of award winners. Willems spoke at the Mazza Weekend Conference in 2012 and has received Caldecott honors three times in past years. This year the animated version of his “That is NOT a Good Idea” received the Carnegie Medal for Excellence in Children’s Video. He produced the video along with Weston Woods Studios, Inc.
While these works are to be featured this spring, Dan Chudzinski, the museum’s curator, is putting together a collection of award winners and award-winning artists as a featured exhibit for one the Museum’s galleries for the next academic year.
The Freed Galleria is located on the east wall near the museum’s entrance and serves as an introduction to the rest of the museum. The Mazza Museum is open Wednesday through Friday from noon to 5 p.m., Sunday from 1-4 p.m., and at other times by appointment.
Tags: Bryan Collier, Caldecott Medal, Kevin Henkes, Mazza Museum, Mo Willems, Rafael Lopez, Sophie Blackall, The University of Findlay, Victoria Jamieson
Proceeds from Alexandria’s Annual Winter Blues Fest will Benefit Mazza MuseumMazza Museum To Welcome Australian Author and Illustrator Caroline Magerl
Sunday, 1 – 4 p.m.
Wed. – Fri., Noon – 5 p.m.
Currently open by appointment only
University of Findlay’s Mazza Museum is located in the Virginia B. Gardner Fine Arts Pavilion
University of Findlay's Mazza Museum
We are currently open by appointment only. Please schedule your visit in advance.
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California Personal Injury Lawyer Helping Accident Victims in Reseda
Reseda is a community in the San Fernando Valley region of Southern California.
Originally founded in 1912, Reseda is known today as one of the most diverse areas surrounding the city of Los Angeles. The community was originally inhabited by the Tongva tribe of Native Americans, who populated much of the area around the Los Angeles River. The name Reseda is derived from the Southern Pacific Railroad days, back when the community was still called Marian.
Reseda is flanked in the valley by the communities of Winnetka, Tarzana and Encino, and is part of a populous region outside of the city of Los Angeles, known locally as “The Valley.” Reseda, which is home to more than 74,000 residents, features a fairly young population, with a median age of 35.5, and an average median household income at approximately $53,800.
Because Reseda is located in such a populous area, landlords or property owners face an increased risk for premises liability incidents, including pedestrian accidents and slip and fall cases. As a result, residents may at some point require the legal counsel of a qualified and knowledgeable premises liability attorney.
Premises Liability Attorneys in Southern California including Reseda
Premises liability incidents can happen in a variety of ways. The most common is through slip and fall accidents, which often come as a result of some sort of negligence or unwillingness to remedy a potentially dangerous environment. Some examples of this would be a landlord or property owner spilling something on a floor, but failing to clean it up, failing to provide adequate warning of a hazard or failing to protect customers or residents from dangerous conditions.
It is important to note that not every slip and fall has grounds for a premises liability case. Experiencing a fall does not give you the legal grounds to pursue a premises liability claim because it doesn’t always come down to fault. However, in the cases where someone acted negligently, or failed to remedy a dangerous situation, an injured person does have legal grounds to pursue a premises liability claim.
When these types of incidents occur, the first step is reporting it. Delaying notifying the proper parties of the incident makes it increasingly difficult to establish fault on the part of a property owner or landlord. If you have already reported your incident, the next step would be contacting a qualified premises liability attorney, who can help you build the strongest case possible.
In Reseda, the lawyers at MCIS Lawyers specialize in representing clients in premises liability cases, including slip and fall claims. For more than 30 years, our firm has successfully advocated on behalf of clients to achieve a favorable resolution. Our team doesn’t just possess the knowledge you need – our extensive experience in handling these claims in court is proven. We are ready, willing and able to work with you and your loved ones to build a case that allows you the compensation you deserve.
To speak with one of our premises liability attorneys, give us a call today at (818) 999-1184.
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Malaga is located in southern Spain, in Costa del Sol (Coast of the Sun) at the northern side of the Mediterranean Sea.
The climate is subtropical-Mediterranean with very mild winters and hot summers. Málaga enjoys plenty of sunshine throughout the year, with an average of about 300 days of sunshine and only about 40-45 with precipitation annually. Its coastal location with winds blowing from the Mediterranean Sea make the heat manageable during the summer. It experiences the warmest winters of any European city. During the winter, the Málaga Mountains (Montes de Málaga) block out the cold weather from the north. Generally, the summer season lasts about eight months, from April to November. Its average annual temperature is 23.3°C (73.9°F) during the day.
Botanical-Historical Garden La Concepcion
Surrounding the Historical Garden is the botanical garden, whose plants are arranged in scientific order. Near the entrance are collections of aquatic and prehistoric plants, a rockery highlighting biodiversity, a greenhouse of insectivorous plants, bromeliads and orchids, as well as collections of African plants and bamboos. To the north lies a route known as “Around the World in 80 Trees”, a further collection of palm trees to add to the one in the Historical Garden, and examples of different varieties of Malaga vines and olive trees in the section entitled “Plants of Our Region”. The upper fringe of the Historical Garden is home to the “Forest” and “Viewpoint” routes, both of which feature indigenous plants. The southernmost point of the garden houses two further collections, namely the cacti and succulents and the subtropical fruit trees, as well as the historical lemon grove.
Museum Picasso
Museo Picasso Málaga is governed by the Fundación Museo Picasso Málaga. Legado Paul, Christine y Bernard Ruiz-Picasso, which holds full legal rights and the beneficiary title of the collection and the Museum holdings and is the owner of the Palacio de Buenavista, the institution’s headquarters.
The aim of the Fundación Museo Picasso Málaga. Legado Paul, Christine y Bernard Ruiz-Picasso is to ensure that the work of Pablo Picasso is conserved, exhibited, studied and circulated. It sees Museo Picasso Málaga as a centre for cultural and social projection and promotion, which people will visit not only to enjoy its holdings, but also to participate in educational activities and benefit from cultural services.
Alcazaba of Malaga
This fortress palace, whose name in Arabic means citadel, is one of the city’s historical monuments and is much visited because of its history and beauty.
The building that dates from the Muslim period is located at the foot of the Gibralfaro hill, crowned by the Arab defence works to which the Alcazaba is connected by a walled passage known as the Coracha. With the Roman Theatre and the Aduana Customs Building, this special corner offers the chance to observe Roman, Arab and Renaissance culture, all within a few yards of each other.
Gibralfaro Castle
This Castle, built in the 14th. Century to house troops and protect the Alcazaba, is today one of the most visited monuments in Málaga. From its walls, visitors get spectacular views of the city and you can visit the Interpretation Centre to discover the site’s history.
It was named after a lighthouse at its peak (Jabal-Faruk, the light mountain). Although it was used by the Phoenicians and Romans, in 1340 the Nasrid King Yusuf I made the place into a fortress.
Malaga's Beaches
Málaga’s beaches enjoy a privileged location alongside a great city with all that this means in terms of services and attractions. There are 14 kilometres of beaches in the city; they can all be easily reached and are all equipped with all types of high-quality services. In general, the beaches are separated from the urban traffic by a network of wide esplanades, making them true havens of peace and oases of tranquillity.
Mediterranean Gastronomy
Most experts on food from Málaga mention the simple ingredients, the variety of rich dishes and their delectable flavours. All these features are merely the result of preparing the city’s wide range of dishes by using the best natural products in the best way. Our cuisine, by the way, perfectly embodies the Mediterranean diet, as can easily be seen in its patently healthy qualities.
Seville is intimately linked to its role in history and to its extensive cultural heritage. What’s more, in the past few years, the city has been transforming itself, creatively blending the value of tradition with generous doses of fresh innovation — all while still maintaining its unique personality, joy, and openness to visitors.
Seville is now an exciting European capital filled with pedestrian walkways, bicycle paths, and stylish shops and restaurants. Seville still offers, and in fact has reinvigorated, its exotic and intoxicating culture, which has evolved across 30 centuries of the city’s history.
Granada is located at the foot of the Sierra Nevada mountains, at the confluence of four rivers. Nearby is the Sierra Nevada Ski Station. The Alhambra, a Moorish citadel and palace, is in Granada. It is the most renowned building of the Andalusian Islamic historical legacy with its many cultural attractions that make Granada a popular destination among the touristic cities of Spain. The Almohad influence on architecture is also preserved in the Granada neighborhood called the Albaicín with its fine examples of Moorish and Morisco construction.
The “Tacita del Plata” is considered the oldest city in the Western World. It was founded (in 1100 B.C.) by the Phoenicians, a seafaring people who turned Gadir into an important trading colony where the Carthaginians, the Romans, the Visigoths and the Muslims would all subsequently settle. An open, cosmopolitan city, its port was chosen by Columbus as the point of departure for his second voyage to the New World. The city would then become, after the decline of Seville, the port to The Indies, drawing the flow of trade with the American Continent. This frantic commercial activity then brought about an era of economic, cultural splendour, when Baroque palaces with their characteristic towers offering amazing views were built.
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PG&E may leave millions without power for days
SAN FRANCISCO (AP) — Millions of people were poised to lose electricity throughout northern and central California after Pacific Gas & Electric Co. announced Tuesday it would shut off power in the largest preventive outage in state history to try to avert wildfires caused by faulty lines.
PG&E said it would begin turning off power to 800,000 customers — households, businessess, employment centers, schools and more — in 34 counties starting after midnight Wednesday amid forecasts of windy, dry weather that create extreme fire danger. To the south, Southern California Edison also said Tuesday that more than 106,000 of its customers in parts of eight counties could face power cuts.
Outages are planned in more than half of California’s 58 counties, although not everyone in those counties will have their power cut.
The news came as residents in the region’s wine country north of San Francisco marked the two-year anniversary of deadly wildfires that killed 44 and destroyed thousands of homes. San Francisco is the only county in the nine-county Bay Area where power will not be affected.
The utility had warned of the possibility of a widespread shut-off Monday, prompting residents to flock to stores for supplies as they prepared for dying cellphone batteries, automatic garages that won’t work and lukewarm refrigerators.
Flashlights, batteries and propane tanks for barbecues were in high demand as people prepared for an outage that PG&E said may last “several days.”
“We sold out of lanterns this morning. The shelf is completely empty,” said Howard Gibbs, the manager at Ace Hardware in the town of Lafayette, 20 miles (32 kilometers) east of San Francisco. “We’ve got just a few flashlights left, and we’re down to our last couple propane tanks, too.”
Oakland Mayor Libby Schaaf asked residents Tuesday not to clog 911 lines with non-emergencies and urged people to be prepared. The city canceled all police officers’ days off in preparation for the outages.
“We all know the devastation that fires can cause,” she said.
In 1991, a grass fire torched the Oakland Hills, killing 25 people and destroying more than 3,000 homes.
PG&E said it was informing customers by text and email about where and when the power would be cut. But its website, where it directed people to check whether their addresses would be affected, was not working most of the day Tuesday after being overloaded with visitors.
Gov. Gavin Newsom said PG&E had no choice given that it would have faced liability for fire damage but he said customers are right to feel outraged. The utility needs to upgrade and fix its equipment so massive outages aren’t the norm going forward, he said.
“No one is satisfied with this, no one is happy with this,” he said.
The outage will also affect portions of the agricultural Central Valley, the state’s northern and central coasts and the Sierra Nevada foothills where a November wildfire blamed on PG&E transmission lines killed 85 people and devastated the town of Paradise.
Jennifer Siemens, who lost her home in Paradise, rents a house in the nearby town of Oroville and said she was bracing for a third blackout in a month.
Siemens had her car gassed up, had stocked up on bottled water and flashlights and made sure all the family’s electronic devices were fully charged.
“What’s wrong with the power lines that they have to do this so much?” asked Siemens. “We don’t want any more fires, obviously, but I feel like they are going a little overboard.”
Winds can knock down live wires and power poles or drive trees and other vegetation into contact with them — and some of California’s most destructive blazes in recent years were started by PG&E power lines.
But the planned outages will not be limited to fire-prone areas because the utilities must turn off entire distribution and transmission lines to much wider areas to minimize the risk of wildfires.
San Francisco-based Pacific Gas & Electric sought bankruptcy protection in January, saying it could not afford an estimated $30 billion in potential damages from lawsuits stemming from recent wildfire. As part of ongoing bankruptcy litigation, last month the company agreed to pay $11 billion to a group of insurance companies representing claimants from deadly Northern California wildfires in 2017 and 2018.
In Southern California, the largest numbers of potentially affected customers were in Los Angeles County and to the east in San Bernardino and Riverside counties.
Public agencies throughout the region were urging people to prepare by buying water and non-perishable food, getting a full tank of gas, having cash at hand and parking vehicles outside garages or making sure they know how to manually open their garage doors.
The California Department of Forestry and Fire Prevention said it increased staffing in preparation for extreme fire weather and what was expected to be the strongest wind event so far this fire season.
“With some of the most destructive and deadliest fires occurring October through December, we need Californians to not be complacent,” said Cal Fire Chief Thom Porter in a news release. “Residents need to be ready to evacuate at a moment’s notice in the event of a wildfire.”
At the Dollar General store in Paradise, people were buying candles, gas cans, ice, flashlights, batteries and canned food and the store ran out of ice chests Tuesday morning, said manager Ben Humphries.
Humphries, who moved to Oroville with his family after losing his home in Paradise, said his family lost power two times already in the last month and he was making sure they had enough fuel for their generator and plenty of ice in coolers.
But he said there was a sense of irony to PG&E’s aggressive action in the area now, after the company opted not to turn off the power ahead of the Nov. 8 fire that wiped out Paradise.
“I understand their concerns but in my opinion it’s too little too late, we already had our town burned to the ground,” Humphries said.
Brad Paisley happy to be butt of jokes in variety TV special
California drenched or blanketed in snow after powerful holiday storm
Gabrielle Union speaks out amid reports she’s off NBC talent show
PG&E says blackouts limited fires
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Raiders prepared to ride with Connor Cook in playoffs
ALAMEDA (AP) — While the Oakland Raiders are giving no official word who will start at quarterback for their first playoff game in 14 years, the players are ready to go into the postseason behind rookie Connor Cook.
With Pro Bowler Derek Carr out with a broken leg and backup Matt McGloin nursing a shoulder injury that could make it tough for him to practice enough before Saturday’s game at Houston, Cook looks like he will get the chance. He would become the first quarterback ever to make his first career start in the postseason.
Despite appearing in just one game as a rookie, the Raiders (12-4) say Cook showed some “swagger” when he replaced McGloin in the second quarter on Sunday in Denver, and has their confidence heading into the game against the Texans (9-7) because of what they’ve seen all year.
“Every day after practice Connor’s been out there working on his throws and trying to get better,” rookie running back Jalen Richard said Tuesday. “It really shows he’s always been prepared for this moment and his moment finally came. I look forward to seeing him out there Saturday and playing well.”
The Raiders held a walkthrough off-site on Tuesday that was not open to the media and do not have to issue a participation report about who is healthy enough to practice until Wednesday.
Cook showed some positive signs when he replaced McGloin in Sunday’s 24-6 loss at Denver that cost the Raiders a chance at the division title and a first-round bye. Cook completed 14 of 21 passes for 150 yards and a 32-yard touchdown to Amari Cooper. He did turn over the ball twice with a fumble and interception. But he moved the offense much more effectively than McGloin did with just 21 yards passing on 11 attempts.
“I think he did a pretty good job, especially to come in having not played all year,” Cooper said. “He did a really nice job going through his reads, stepping up in the pocket and making good throws.”
Cook had a successful college career at Michigan State, but there were questions heading into the draft about his leadership because he was not voted a team captain as a senior.
That, combined with a poor performance in a playoff loss to Alabama when he played with a sore throwing shoulder, contributed to him slipping to the fourth round. Oakland traded up to get him, moving ahead of Dallas. The Cowboys then ended up with Dak Prescott, who led the team to the top seed in the NFC.
Now Cook could join him as a rookie playoff starter.
“It’s a great opportunity for him,” Michigan State coach Mark Dantonio said in a phone interview. “There will be a great deal of adversity at a very high level of competition. What he did for us, at a completely different level so it’s all relative, was played his best in the biggest games. The exception was last year’s playoff game because I think he was hurt.”
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Protest, Image, Black Struggle and Legacy | Middle Passage Ceremonies and Port Markers Project
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Protest, Image, Black Struggle and Legacy
All black progress in the United States has begun with confrontation and resistance. This is a basic fact of American life and the only way to understand the current protest focused on police violence. As the black abolitionist Frederick Douglass put it in 1857, “If there is no struggle, there is no progress…. Power concedes nothing without demand.” Abraham Lincoln reluctantly abolished southern slavery to pressure the Confederacy at the height of the Civil War. The war itself- inevitable in my view of history leading up to it – resulted in a progressive, though limited and quickly destroyed, black empowerment in the South. It took almost 100 years to regain some of that lost ground, and constant struggle filled those one hundred years. President Lyndon Johnson and the U. S. Congress did not wake up one morning in 1964 and suddenly decide to outlaw segregation in public accommodations, or in 1965 to grant long-denied voting rights to black southerners. Johnson’s administration and the Congress were under pressure. Black protest in the streets and community organizations at the grassroots formed the largest part of that pressure.
Two entwined aspects of this history are relevant to any discussion of the anger and protests that have taken place on the streets of Baltimore and in other U.S. cities. Fear of black people and the manner in which this fear is embedded in U. S. culture is one aspect. This is not something new. Slave revolts accompanied slavery, and slaveholders lived in constant fear of them. Alongside the fear of the economic consequences if the slave system – the slaveocracy – was overthrown, there was fear that the rebellious slave would seek murderous revenge. Gun control laws were first born out of the fear of slave revolts (and Native American resistance to the seizure of their lands.)
Right at the beginning days of this nation, the idea of the dangerous Negro, the Negro with weapons, began shaping the culture of the country, manifesting concretely in various systemic ways – slave patrols and other forms of policing black people; law – federal law that made it illegal to assist runaway slaves, and after abolition, vagrancy laws that provided convict labor for farms and plantations. As part of that system, there was until the middle of the 20th century coordination between terrorists groups like the Ku Klu Klan, and sate and local government, especially coordination with “law enforcement” – county sheriff’s departments, state highway patrols and local police. The federal government deliberately chose to ignore this.
Crucially important to this systemic design was keeping black people out of the political process. Supreme Court Chief Justice Roger Brook Taney made this clear ruling in 1857 that Dred Scott, an enslaved man who sued for his freedom after being taken by his “owner” to a free sate, must remain enslaved: If constitutional rights were given to black people, “it would give to persons of the negro race … the full liberty of speech in public and in private upon all subjects [the right] to hold public meetings upon political affairs and to keep and carry arms wherever they went … endangering the peace and safety of the state. Above all, to summarize the obvious, white power had to be protected. Black men, Taney went on to declare, “had no rights which the white man was bound to respect.”
This leads directly to the other aspect found in the history and culture of black-white relations needing emphasis here; the blinkered view so many in the white majority have of black people and black life. In the South, where I worked in the 1960s as a field secretary for the Student Nonviolent Coordinating Committee (SNCC) many whites thought blacks were satisfied with their status as second class citizens; that they were being stirred up into protest by “outside agitators.” The student sit-in movement is now celebrated as heroic, even noble in its nonviolent dignity, as are the Freedom Rides; but most of the country opposed them when they erupted and spread across the South. Nonviolent protest was often defined as assault and many saw these actions as part of a Communist conspiracy. If I had not worked in the South as a SNCC field secretary, I would be surprised at how rioting by a few in comparison to the number of protesters in the streets has come to define what took place in Baltimore.
And, finally, even in 1960s Mississippi where I worked, many whites felt as Thomas Jefferson did 200 years earlier, that black people were inferior to white people – their supposed inferiority the real reason they had been enslaved – that they therefore needed the guidance of white people.
There is a detail that I am not presenting here for lack of space. There are issues of class as well as issues of race at play. Police culture as it has evolved in the United States permits police violence with little penalty on police officers who choose to engage in it. The New York Daily News reported in December that of 179 people killed by on-duty police since 1999, just three officers were indicted; 86 percent of the victims were black or Hispanic. From June 2012 through April 2015, the Baltimore City Detention Center refused admittance to more the 2,600 people in police custody because of a variety of injuries, including fractured bones, facial trauma and hypertension. Of the detainees denied entry, 123 had visible head injuries.
And in some respects police brutality transcends race as is evident in the six officers charged with killing Freddie Gray. Race, however, is central in the national culture; always has been; why Robert E. Lee and the Confederacy are romanticized; “Dixie” is most often referred to affectionately; and why Nat Turner, Denmark Vesey and slave rebellions are ignored for the most part, or send shivers down the backs of whites who even know these names. There is no Spartacus in the romance of U. S. history. It is this legacy that we find ourselves confronted with in American life today.
Some of this has changed, of course. In law for the most part; we have a black president – progress directly related to southern struggle. My children and grandchildren have no experience with segregation and white supremacist terrorism as I experienced it. There are black faces in Hollywood and on television portraying more than stereotypes. Nonetheless, it is culture that in the final analysis defines a society and culture does not change as quickly as law and politics. Slavery was abolished, but white supremacy and white privilege continued to define the United States. It does so today.
What drove southern struggle a half century ago was a rough consensus around certain issues: gaining voting rights, ending segregation in public accommodations. Today in black communities much more divided by class there is clearly a rough consensus around the issue of police violence. This violence does not respect social status. Black parents educate their male children to this ugly reality: that one wrong move, one intonation questioning police authority, can get you killed. And the presumption will be that whatever happened was your fault. Author James Baldwin once pronounced, “To be a Negro and to be relatively conscious is to be in a rage almost all the time.”
So, although there has been a tremendous expansion of the black middle class, for what I estimate is the bottom quarter of the black community there is even more rage than when Baldwin uttered those words. And, more distance between those claiming black leadership and the people they purportedly lead. This huge question of meaningful leadership hovers over black life today in Baltimore and elsewhere.
In the final analysis, this raises the organizing question. The tradition that defines black struggle is the organizing tradition, a tradition much older than mass protest in public spaces. And it is this tradition that has always thrust forward the most effective black leadership, often an unexpected leadership. SNCC, the organization of which I was part in the 1960s emerged from protest but evolved into an organization of grass roots organizers. New groups, like #Black Lives Matter, that have emerged in protest against police violence face this same questions. The great lesson that emerges from the southern freedom movement that I was part of centers on a very specific challenge as relevant today as it was a half century ago or two centuries ago: As important as the challenges to white supremacy are, more important and what makes challenging white supremacy possible, are the challenges black people make to one another within the black community.
This post was written by Charles E. Cobb, Jr., Chair of MPCPMP‘s Advisory Board, journalist, and author. His latest book published in June 2014 is This Nonviolent Stuff’ll Get You Killed: How Guns Made the Civil Rights Movement Possible.
This entry was posted in African American History, American legal system, American politics, slavery. Bookmark the permalink.
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Leeftijd52geboren op 5 augustus 1968 in UK
From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia. Matthew David Jones (born 5 August 1968) is a British television writer and television producer, who has worked on a variety of popular drama programmes for several television networks in the UK. Matt Jones began his writing career as a columnist for Doctor Who Magazine in 1995, before the following year having a novel, Bad Therapy, printed in Virgin Publishing's range of licensed Doctor Who tie-in books, the New Adventures. He later wrote Beyond the Sun for the same series. His big break in television came in 1999, when he was the script editor on Red Production Company's controversial drama series Queer as Folk, screened on Channel 4. The same year, he script edited another Channel 4 drama produced by Red, the anthology series Love in the 21st Century, for which he also wrote one episode. The following year he worked as a writer on two series for Granada Television, their popular children's drama Children's Ward and flagship soap opera Coronation Street, both aired on the ITV network. Returning to Red, in 2000 he script edited the first series of the British Academy Television Award-winning drama Clocking Off, and in 2001 he gained his first credit as a producer when he both wrote and produced the one-off drama Now You See Her, starring Amanda Holden, for the satellite channel Sky One. In 2003 he began working for Company Pictures, creating, writing and producing the crime drama Serious and Organised, starring Martin Kemp and again screened on ITV. Moving up to become an Executive Producer, he worked on another Company series for ITV, the Second World War-set POW. In 2004 he was an Executive Producer on Company's critically acclaimed drama series Shameless, screened on Channel 4, and became the show's producer for the second season in 2005, the year in which the programme won a British Academy Television Award for Best Drama Series. In April 2005, Jones was announced as one of the writers working on the second season of the BBC revival of hugely popular science-fiction series Doctor Who, fulfilling a childhood ambition to work on the programme of which he had long been a fan. His episodes, a two-parter with the titles "The Impossible Planet" and "The Satan Pit", were broadcast on 3 and 10 June 2006. Jones also wrote the seventh episode of the second series of Doctor Who spin-off series Torchwood, called "Dead Man Walking". In 2012 Jones wrote the second episode of the BBC Four TV series Dirk Gently based on the novels by Douglas Adams.
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Home Food & Home Cooking Tips & Nutrition Homegrown Food: A Family Trend in Southeast Michigan
Homegrown Food: A Family Trend in Southeast Michigan
Sharon MacDonell
Summer Saturdays at the Royal Oak Farmers Market are hectic. The parking lot is packed with families stuffing bags of fresh flowers and produce into their cars. Inside, shoppers are lining up for just-picked vegetables, Michigan honey and advice on how to care for their gardens at home. Really, it's a festival of fresh food happening at hundreds of farmers markets across the country, and dozens throughout southeast Michigan.
Why? Motivated by anxiety over food contamination and the high cost of private-label organic produce, parents are rushing to local farmers markets in droves. And just as the organic movement has changed the way families eat, the local food movement is changing the way we think about where our family's food comes from – and maybe even whether it's time to start doing the farming ourselves.
Mental shift for parents
Megan Gunnell of Royal Oak brings her family to the market most Saturdays. "We're going to cook up a storm tonight, make some asparagus and shiitake mushrooms and support Michigan farmers," she says.
Her 10-year-old son Elliott says he can tell the difference between the products sold at the market and those from the grocery store. "I really like the eggs and the corn from here," he says. "They are a lot better tasting."
MSU organic outreach specialist Vicki Morrone has seen the growing interest in organics up close, as she helps organic vegetable and field crop producers in her work.
"There is a group of people, especially parents, who are concerned about the problems with pollution and contamination in our water and our food," Morrone says, "and if they see that organic has fewer toxins and pesticides – well, it's only natural they'd want to feed that to their kids."
Popularity of organics
According to the U.S. Department of Agriculture (USDA), organic farming has become one of the fastest-growing segments of U.S. agriculture. Sales of organic products skyrocketed from $3.6 billion in 1997 to 21.1 billion in 2008.
Results of the 2008 USDA Farm Census showed there were nearly 14,540 certified and exempt organic farms in the U.S. Michigan ranked 11th in the survey, with 461 certified and exempt farms. The "exempt" classification, which fits many local farms, means the farm is too small to go through the costly certification process, but that it follows National Organic Standards.
What fruits and vegetables contain the most pesticide residue? Check out our list of the "dirty dozen" of produce.
Although fans love that organics are grown more naturally and without the pesticides and hormones used in conventionally grown farm products, organic produce can also put a major strain on the grocery budget.
Lisa Boyd started buying organic produce at a national health-food chain store after her first child was born. But when the Troy mom had her second child, her husband wondered if they could still afford organics. That's when Boyd found her local farmers market.
"The prices at a farmers market are considerably less than at Kroger or Whole Foods or any other store," she says, "because you're buying direct from the farmers."
Increasingly, consumers are buying produce through vegetable stands and farmers markets. But there is also a way families can become members of a farm – many of which are more local than you would ever think.
CSAs – Community Supported Agriculture
After leaving a job selling cosmetics at a high-end department store, Mary Fox of West Bloomfield was uncertain what to do next. So the mother of three returned to her first love – gardening.
"It was at the same time all of the food scares were coming around, and we just wanted to be more in control of our food," says the mother of three. "I've always been a gardener – a master gardener since I was a teenager – and I've grown food for my family. So I thought, 'Well, let me take all of my talents and let's see what I can do.'"
Mary and her middle son Joe bought some chickens and started taking her organically grown salad greens and fresh chicken eggs to Wixom's Farmers Market. "People were almost desperate – especially when they found out I had eggs. They'd say, 'Oh, I gotta get your eggs!'" Fox says.
The chickens were Joe's passion. "I went to my aunt's house in Vermont when I was 7 and her friend had chickens, and I thought they were the coolest things," Joe says. "I was extremely excited the first time I found an egg after we got the chickens," Joe says. "I ran back in the house with it and waved it over my head."
Ready to get started? Check out the Metro Parent guide to farmers markets and CSAs in southeast Michigan.
Fox soon turned her backyard garden into a CSA – a Community Supported Agriculture farm. CSA owners sell shares of their farms early in the season, guaranteeing funding for the spring planting season. Shareholding members reap the benefits when fruits and vegetables ripen and farmers deliver the produce, from spring through late autumn.
Fox's One Acre Farm CSA has grown exponentially in three years. They now have 15 chickens and sell out of Birmingham Farmers Market. And since the early days when it was just a plot in the Fox family's backyard, Mary has convinced five neighbors to let her use small plots in their yards.
"Everybody wants to be a part of it, that's what's so exciting," Fox says. "We started as a 10-member CSA and now we've grown to a 30-member CSA. I'm 51 years old, and I finally know what I want to be when I grow up."
Working the land
Besides the regular shares people can buy, many CSAs also offer work shares, allowing an individual or family to work on the farm for free produce.
Eileen Toth of West Bloomfield committed her family to a work share at One Acre Farm with several goals in mind. Primarily, she wanted her sons Josh and Gabe to have something constructive to do over the summer.
"My husband and I wanted our boys to appreciate the time and effort it takes to create meals and to contribute to the household," Toth says. "We believe that, even if the payoff is down the road, eventually they will appreciate the opportunity that this 'sharing' will bring."
Josh and Gabe Toth planted mushrooms in early June, raking a mushroom mix into a shaded, buggy area of the farm. "It looks like mulch," Josh, 16, says of the mushroom mixture. "It's caramel-colored and you layer it with regular mulch."
Gabe, 14, admits he wasn't thrilled when he heard his parents' plan for their summer days. "But it's a lot better than I thought it would be," he says. "I thought it would be going around doing a bunch of work, but I'm really getting good experience out of it and learning a lot."
MSU's Morrone has seen a lot of families taking up gardening at CSAs, community gardens and in t
heir own yards as a new kind of family activity. "It has become a productive hobby," Morrone says. "It's not like collecting stamps. It has a real purpose. Gardening produces something that people feel is safer and healthier and tastier."
Small farms sprout
Janet Johnson of Sterling Heights runs Urban Pioneers CSA in her backyard, selling just four shares to members. She had always gardened for her family, but after her husband passed away and her son grew up, she had too much food. Rather than cut back on her gardening, she picked up clients.
"It's for people who want the very freshest vegetables they can get," Johnson says. "It is something that reconnects you to the basic things of life. For me, it's a spiritual thing – which is good, because I probably make about 12 cents an hour!"
Running a small farm is certainly a spiritual endeavor at St. Peters Community Farm in Clinton Township. Joyce Schwarz, a parishioner at St. Peter Church of Mount Clemens, runs the church's garden that launched in 2010 to provide fresh vegetables for its food bank. The community has come together over the project. One church member leases the church enough land to run a 115-by-71-foot garden for just $1 a year. A lawyer donated seeds. Others have donated tomato plants and their time.
"We just shake our heads, because every time we ask for something, someone answers," Schwarz says. "We had a Boy Scout troop put together a tent for the tomatoes, because last year the deer ate the tops off the tomatoes!" Volunteers at the farm can take home vegetables in trade for their work, but Schwarz says 90 percent of the produce goes straight to the church's food bank.
The Royal Oak Community Farm, a 40-member CSA, is another recent creation. After initially working off five acres of land on 11 Mile Road, it's now operating on a smaller scale while searching for a new home. The idea is to have volunteers help on the farm, learning organic techniques from resident horticulturalist Trevor Johnson. Members pick up their shares at the Royal Oak Farmers Market. The farm also sells its produce to local restaurants and hosts field trips for local school kids.
Wendy Ernzen's family bought a half share in the farm for $425, or about 16 dollars a week. Her children are too young to work on the farm, but they are happy to pick up their share at Royal Oak Farmers Market each Saturday.
"It's local, it saves money and you know you're getting healthy food," Ernzen says. "It's also great the girls get exposed to vegetables they wouldn't normally have."
Even hospitals are getting involved. St. Joseph Mercy Health System in Ann Arbor broke ground on its own 15-acre farm in April 2010. Flowers, produce and honey from the Farm at St. Joe's is sold at the hospital's own weekly market and, when possible, served to patients. The farm also provides local school children the opportunity to learn about farming hands on.
"It's so important to help children learn where their food is coming from," says registered dietician Lisa McDowell of St. Joe's pharmacy department. "We find that children are far more interested in eating the fruits and vegetables if they've had a hand in growing them or harvesting them."
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Actor, Creators and Makers, Director, Movies, On Location, Screenwriter, Script to Screen
Noah: Artistically Ambitious, Economically Advantageous
By Bryan Abrams
At first blush, it appeared that Noah represented writer/director Darren Aronofsky’s first real foray into pure big budget spectacle. The indie auteur that burst onto the scene with his twitchy, unsettling debut Pi, only to follow that up with one of the most breathtakingly devastating cinematic depictions of addiction in many years with Requiem for a Dream, was now going big budget CGI in the retelling of the Biblical story of Noah's ark on a grand scale.
Only this isn’t the case.
Noah has long been a dream of Aronofsky’s, as Tad Friend reported in his profile of Arronfsky in The New Yorker, and Cathleen Falsani explained in her interview with him in The Atlantic. Noah was one of ten film ideas the director wrote down in the mid-nineties that he wanted to make. So far, all six of his films—Pi, Requiem for a Dream, The Fountain, The Wrestler, Black Swan and now Noah—come from this list. In fact, as he told Falsani, he first became fascinated with the Biblical story when he was 13. Aronofksy wrote a poem about Noah that his teacher at Mark Twain Junior High School in Coney Island, Brooklyn, Mrs. Fried, entered into a United Nations contest. He won the contest. To thank his former teacher, he dedicated the graphic novel version of the Noah story he and co-writer Ari Handel wrote to her. He then put her in a small role in the film. “She’s the old lady with the one eye who, when Russell [Crowe] is going through the refugee camp and sees the animal, she comes out and goes, "You! YOU!" That’s Mrs. Fried,” he told Falsani. [Here is a video of Vera Fried reenacting her scene with Russell Crowe.]
Aronofsky and Handel’s Noah honors the Bible story without being beholden to it’s limited narrative arc. As Friend puts it, “Once the Lord takes against the creeping things and the fowls of the air, the rest is mostly rain.” A.O. Scott of the New York Times writes, "The information supplied about Noah in the Book of Genesis is scant — barely enough for a Hollywood pitch meeting, much less a feature film." Aronofsky and Handel dug into Noah’s psyche (his visions come after drinking hallucinogenic tea), which borders on, then becomes, total madness, as well as his complex relationship with his family. His wife, sons and adopted daughter are eventually subsumed by his visions—nothing can stop him from fulfilling his creator's commands, and his once close-knit family is riven by his monomaniacal pursuit.
The writers also give Noah a proper antagonist in Tubla-Cain, played by one of the great heavies in film, Ray Winstone. Tubla-Cain is a minor character from the Bible, but here he is a murderous, but richly drawn, descendant of Cain, desperate to get on the ark. They have turned the central conflict from the Biblical version—Noah and God—into a conflict between the descendants of Seth (Noah’s family, the good guys), and those of Cain (Tubal-Cain and his people, bad). In many ways, Tubla-Cain is the more sane of the two—he thinks Noah should use his ark to help save mankind. Needless to say, Noah's not having it.
Then there are the six-armed fallen angels, called Nephilim in the Bible. Again, Aronofsky and Handel have taken very minor characters (they are mentioned just twice, the first time is immediately before the story of Noah's ark) who are massive angels doomed by God to live on Earth in torment for helping man, and expanded them into major players. They help Noah construct the ark and, eventually, fight for him against Tubal-Cain and his hordes.
There’s also, of course, the environmental angle to the story—watching a world subsumed by cataclysm due to mankind’s behavior.
To make the film he had dreamed of, he would need a major studio to go in, whole hog, on his vision. Paramount came on board in June of 2011. By July of 2012 Aronofsky, his cast and his massive crew began filming, primarily in New York, with additional footage capture in Iceland and elsewhere.
Aronofsky and his crew created storms of biblical proportions at Brooklyn’s Marcy Armory, a 165,166 square-foot military facility in Williamsburg. They shot scenes inside Drill Hall #2, which has been home to a number of film shoots, the enormity of which (59,000 square-feet) allowed the Noah crew to create a deluge that would soak the actors with rain and buffet them with wind. Aronofsky’s Noah includes explosives (the first of his career, made possible in this ancient story through a magical substance called ‘tzohar’)—these scenes were filmed in a meadow in Oyster Bay, and required all sorts of pyrotechnics, specialized crew, accelerants, and the requisite stunt people. The scale of the film required more equipment and crew than Aronofsky had ever worked with—what they pulled off was, if not a miracle of Biblical proportions, at least a feat of human ingenuity and effort.
Genesis 6:13 – 6:15—Aronofsky Style
"Make for yourself an ark of gopher wood; you shall make the ark with rooms, and shall cover it inside and out with pitch. This is how you shall make it: the length of the ark three hundred cubits, its breadth fifty cubits, and its height thirty cubits." -Genesis 6:13, 6:14, 6:15
As Bill Cosby put it in his legendary riff on this passage, Noah’s response was, “Right! What’s a cubit?” It is, of course, an ancient measurement, approximately equal to the length of a forearm (who’s forearm, though? Certainly not God’s). It’s typically measured at 45.72 centimeters, or 1.5 feet.
“There was a huge issue of what is this ark going to look like,” Aronofsky says in the behind-the-scenes featurette released by Paramount. “The idea was, let’s go back to what God tells Noah in the bible. [The Bible] doesn’t talk about a bow…Noah wasn’t trying to take the ship anywhere. It just basically has to survive the flood.”
The ark was built at Planting Fields Arborteum State Historic Park in Oyster Bay, New York, and was sturdy enough to stay standing during Hurricane Sandy. Rather than rely on a purely CGI creation, Aronfksy had a third of a three-story, 55-feet tall, 85-feet wide, 165-feet long pine ark built (it was extended digitally to be roughly 500-feet long). That’s roughly 2.5 city blocks long, and it took Mark Friedberg, the film’s production designer, more than a year to design and six months for he and his crew to build. They used materials that Noah and his family would have had access to for the exterior scaffolding, keeping straw, sticks and leaves together with the pitch described in the Bible (essentially tar). The bottom of the ark, the ballast, goes down another fifteen feet, and was made with volcanic rock. Then there's the ramp.
“The ramp is meant to serve one function,” Friedberg says, “for reptiles to be able to get up there [the second level], for mammals to be able to get in there [the ground level] and for birds to fly up the top.”
The final result decidedly does not resemble any ark you’ve seen, or imagined, before—it was built to resemble a colossal coffin.
Noah by the Numbers
Whatever the box office results of Aronofsky’s ambitious, very personal take on Noah turn out to be, one thing is certain—the film was a massive success for the state of New York. Statistics released by Paramount show that production brought $60.5 million in spending to the state, along with nearly 2,000 jobs, $30.2 million in wages paid to local employees, and $3.6 million in taxes back to the state government.
Films of this scale can become micro-economies of their own, bringing in hundreds of vendors to fulfill the needs of cast and crew during all phases of production. One example of this was Lenoble Lumber Company of Long Island, which made nearly $650,000 providing materials for the shoot, as well as Bay Crane, Inc, which profited to the tune of $1.1 million by providing transportation and crane solutions during production.
Many of the nation’s top critics have already weighed in on the film, and most of them concur that the film blew them away. Peter Travers of Rolling Stone calls Noah a “visionary art film that asks us to examine what we believe.” A.O. Scott at The New York Times writes, “at its best, it shares some of its namesake’s ferocious conviction, and not a little of his madness.” And Todd McCarthy at The Hollywood Reporter says that “Darren Aronfosky wrestles one of scripture’s most primal stories to the ground and extracts something vital and audacious.”
In the end, the film seems to be the fulfillment of a dream of a 13-year old boy, a bold gamble by a major film studio to produce, on a grand scale, the work of an exacting visionary, and a huge win for the state it was filmed in.
"Then God said to Noah and to his sons with him: 'I now establish my covenant with you and with your descendants after you and with every living creature that was with you—the birds, the livestock and all the wild animals, all those that came out of the ark with you—every living creature on earth. I establish my covenant with you: Never again will all life be destroyed by the waters of a flood; never again will there be a flood to destroy the earth.'"
Featured image: Two by two (but really in a massive rush), two of every animal heads for Noah's ark. Courtesy Paramount Pictures.
TAGSDarren Aronofsky Economic Growth Feature Jobs Noah Paramount Pictures Tax incentives
Bryan Abrams
Bryan Abrams is the Editor-in-chief of The Credits. He's run the site since its launch in 2012. He lives in New York.
The Stage is Set for “The United States vs. Billie Holiday”
First “Scream 5” Images, Title & Release Date Revealed As Sequel Wraps Production
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Muvi Billing Allows Users to Integrate Their Preferred Payment Gateway
NEW YORK, US, September 30, 2020 /EINPresswire.com/ — Muvi Billing, the leading subscription management platform in its latest release, has announced a feature that lets users integrate their choice of payment gateways to handle the unique requirements of one-time payment & recurring billing. For the uninitiated, Muvi Billing, introduced earlier this year, gained instant attention during its release for its comprehensive 17+ payment gateway support, the highest in the SaaS billing space.
With this feature, users can either request the Muvi Billing team to add their preferred gateway partner to the billing engine or can have their in-house IT team to integrate, cutting development cost.
“Back in February, when we released Muvi Billing, our initial customers were instrumental in making us understand the operational challenges,” says Saurabh Dey, Head of Marketing, Muvi. “Today, our customers can completely automate their operational side of billing management such as trial management, freemium, subscription, scheduling, auto-execution of billing logic, collections, invoicing, discounting, taxation, detailed reporting of performance metrics, and more securely in an enterprise setup,” adds Dey.
Muvi Billing has been the first choice among SMBs for providing powerful features at one base price. Features such as multi-currency & multi-language support, carrier billing options save businesses from costly integrations.
Muvi Billing, like Muvi's other trademark OTT solutions, is instantly deployable and available for "an all feature access" 14-Day Free Trial.
Muvi LLC is a prominent product-based SaaS company based out of New York. The company provides a cloud-hosted streaming platform and end-to-end solutions for video/audio content owners, broadcasters, TV networks, and content aggregators to launch their own-branded, multi-screen, multi-format OTT streaming service such as Netflix, Prime Video, Spotify, Deezer, etc. that can offer both Live & On-Demand content and be delivered across Web, Mobile, and TV instantly.
The company has gained international recognition in the audio/video streaming space and is trusted by 350+ clients in over 50 countries across territories including North America, Europe, Latin America, Middle-East, Africa, Australia, and Asia.
Anshuman Das
Muvi LLC
Muvi Billing – Best Subscription and SaaS Billing Software
Author EIN PresswirePosted on September 30, 2020
ASIFA-Hollywood Now Accepting Recommendations for the 48th Annie Awards™ Juried Awards
The Winsor McCay Awards are our highest honors and were the only awards granted for the first several years. Other juried categories have been added, which has not diminished their significance.”
— Frank Gladstone, Annie Awards Executive Producer
BURBANK, CALIFORNIA, USA, September 30, 2020 /EINPresswire.com/ — NEWS
FOR IMMEDIATE RELEASE CONTACT: Gretchen Houser, Houser PR
E: Gretchen@houserpr.com
ASIFA-HOLLYWOOD NOW ACCEPTING RECOMMENDATIONS
FOR THE 48TH ANNIE AWARDS™ JURIED AWARDS
BURBANK, Calif. (September 30, 2020) – ASIFA-Hollywood announced today that it
will begin accepting recommendations for this year’s Juried Award nominations honoring career achievement and exceptional contributions to animation. Applications may be submitted now through Saturday, October 31 via email at info@asifa-hollywood.org or mailed to the ASIFA-Hollywood offices at 2114 W. Burbank Blvd., Burbank, CA 91506. The Juried Award recipients will be honored during the 48th Annie Awards™ set for Friday, April 16, 2021.
The Board of Directors of ASIFA-Hollywood shall select by a two-thirds (2/3) majority vote, for each of the Juried Award categories listed below. At its discretion, the Board of Directors may elect not to give an award in any category.
“The Winsor McCay Awards are our highest honors. In fact, they were the first Annies ever given and were the only awards granted for the first several years,” remarked Frank Gladstone, Annie Awards executive producer. “Other juried categories have been added over time, which has not diminished their significance. On the contrary, the juried categories have grown into a most important and significant part of each year's honors.”
Juried Award Categories:
• Winsor McCay Award in recognition of lifetime or career contributions to the art of animation in producing, directing, animating, design, writing, voice acting, sound technical influence, music, education, or for other endeavors which exhibit outstanding contributions to excellence in animation;
• June Foray Award to an individual who has made a significant and benevolent or charitable impact on the art and industry of animation;
• Ub Iwerks Award to an individual or company for a technical advancement that has made a significant impact on the art or industry of animation;
• Special Achievement Award may be given to an individual, individuals or a company for unique and significant achievement made between January 1, 2020 and December 31, 2020, not recognized by other Annie Award categories.
• Certificate of Merit to an individual or organization for current service to the art, craft, and industry of animation.
Created in 1972 by veteran voice talent June Foray, and in whose name the philanthropic June Foray Award was established, the Annie Awards™ have grown in scope and stature for the past four decades. ASIFA-Hollywood is the world’s first and foremost professional organization dedicated to promoting the Art of Animation and celebrating the people who create it.
Today, ASIFA-Hollywood, the largest chapter of the international organization ASIFA, supports a range of animation activities and preservation efforts through its membership. Current initiatives include the Animation Archive, Animation Aid Foundation, Animation Educators Forum, animated film preservation, special events, scholarships and screenings.
For up-to-the minute details and information on the 48th Annie Awards™, please visit www.annieawards.org. For information on ASIFA-Hollywood, please visit www.asifa-hollywood.org.
Gretchen Houser
ASIFA-Hollywood
NBC & ME – Herbie J Pilato's Life As a Page in a Book Is a "Big '80s" TV "Mock Memoir" Romp
Herbie J Pilato delivers the “Big ’80s” TV goods in NBC & ME
Herbie J Pilato entertains the audience members for “The Tonight Show” in September 1984
Herbie J Pilato’s “Family Ties” to NBC were strong, as evidenced by this image in which he is surrounded by actors Michael J. Fox and Tina Yothers, and a few fellow pages
Herbie J Pilato's NBC "Mock Memoir" of his "Life As a Page in a Book" soars with "Big '80s" Fun Adventures in Television
LOS ANGELES , CALIFORNIA, UNITED STATES, September 30, 2020 /EINPresswire.com/ — From May 1984 to December 1985, writer/producer/TV personality Herbie J Pilato worked as a Page for NBC-TV in Burbank, California.
Many Pages were excited by the frequent showbiz interactions that were accessible and provided by a major TV network facility. Some found work within and outside of the industry. Others found their job only uncovered a depressing, even insulting Hollywood experience.
For Herbie J (no "period" after the "J"), it was, and he says, "da' bomb," and writes about it all in NBC & ME: MY LIFE AS A PAGE IN A BOOK – A MOCK MEMOIR OF MY BIG '80s DAZE WITH THE PEACOCK NETWORK (Bear Manor Media).
Pilato is the acclaimed author of several other pop-culture/media tie-in books, including MARY: THE MARY TYLER MOORE STORY and TWITCH UPON A STAR: THE BEWITCHED LIFE AND CAREER OF ELIZABETH MONTGOMERY. He is also the host of THEN AGAIN WITH HERBIE J PILATO, a classic TV talk show now streaming on Amazon Prime and Amazon Prime UK.
In the "Big '80s," from May 1984 to December 1985, Pilato found himself on the set of now legendary TV shows such as "Family Ties," "The Golden Girls" and "Wheel of Fortune." He helped to coordinate an affiliates' convention, two press tours, five Bob Hope specials, "An All-Star Salute To President 'Dutch' Reagan," the 1984 Democratic Presidential Debates, the 1984 Emmy Awards, and "The Tonight Show starring Johnny Carson."
Pilato laughed with established comedians, lunched with network suits, hob-knobbed with celebrities, stuffed envelopes – and passed out tickets to "Scrabble" – all for a measly $5.20 an hour.
It's an experience that he remembers in-depth – and with tongue-in-cheek – in NBC & ME, in which he exposes for the first time the behind-the-scenes shenanigans of his initial TV network tenure. Within these pages (every possible pun intended), Pilato takes you – the reader – behind closed-doors, down inactive hallways, and inside TV's oldest web of intrigue (that's what they used to call television networks in the old days – webs).
NBC & ME offers the fast-track, inside-scoop, close-up-look, and behind-the-scenes peek at my wanna'-be life with the so-called Peacock network – and in the process, becomes the first book to chronicle infamous Page department of NBC (or any other network's Page division, for that matter).
In doing so, NBC & ME echoes the fun television past and, in the process, becomes a real…"page-turner"…in every sense of the term.
To schedule an interview with Herbie J Pilato, contact (310) 480-0067 or email HJPilato@yahoo.com.
To order a copy of NBC & ME: MY LIFE AS A PAGE IN A BOOK, visit: https://www.amazon.com/gp/product/159393131X/ref=dbs_a_def_rwt_hsch_vapi_tpbk_p1_i6
Bear Manor Media
Herbie J Pilato
Herbie J Pilato discusses NBC & ME: MY LIFE AS A PAGE IN A BOOK
Comedian Tokyo Kuntpunch Welcomes Comic Superstar Yamaneika Saunders to Hooking From Home Live on YouTube
Hooking From Home Welcomes Yamaneika Saunders This Wednesday
Tokyo Kuntpunch Will Be in NYC Through October 5
Wednesday, September 30 at 9pm ET/6pm PT
I have loved Yamaneika ever since I saw her on Roast Battle on Comedy Central, I can't wait to find out the moment she knew she was gonna be a comedian”
— Tokyo Kuntpunch
NEW YORK, NEW YORK , USA, September 30, 2020 /EINPresswire.com/ — Comedian Tokyo Kuntpunch will be welcoming comic superstar Yamaneika Saunders on Hooking From Home on Wednesday, September 30 on YouTube at 9pm ET/6pm PT.
"I have loved Yamaneika ever since I saw her on Roast Battle on Comedy Central,” says Tokyo. “I can't wait to find out the moment she knew she was gonna be a comedian, if she's ever been with a woman, and if she would give me a shot."
To subscribe and listen live to Hooking From Home on YouTube go to www.youtube.com/tokyokuntpunch
You may also get Hooking From Home on Apple https://podcasts.apple.com/us/podcast/k-ntpunch-drunk/id1509315264b on Tokyo’s website https://www.tokyokuntpunch.com/podcast
and on all other internet providers. Please feel free to rate and review.
You may listen to this week’s episode of Hooking From Home featuring comedian Ryan Long here https://youtu.be/YXwjaQRQAzc
You may follow Yamaneika Saunders on Twitter at https://twitter.com/yamaneika and on Instagram at https://www.instagram.com/yamaneika/
You may follow Tokyo on Twitter at www.Twitter.com/iamhungyung and on Instagram at www.instagram.com/iamhungyung
Tokyo will be in New York City until October 6 and is available for stand-up comedy spots and media interviews, for requests contact Lainie Speiser at misslainie2@gmail.com
You may subscribe to Tokes’s mailings at www.tokyokuntpunch.com/kuntakt
For all of Tokes’s links in one place https://linktr.ee/hungyung
About Tokyo Kuntpunch:
Tokyo Kuntpunch hails from projects of Beverly Hills and more recently MacArthur Park, the most famous drug park in Los Angeles. She spent her formative years in the cult depicted in the Netflix documentary "Holy Hell." Kuntpunch also performs music under her moniker, Hung Yung Terrarist and you can check it out here www.hungyungterrarist.com She speaks seven languages, and raps in three on her latest self-titled album, “Hung Yung Terrarist,” including French and Dothraki, the fictitious language from the hit series "Game of Thrones.” She has over 1M plays on Spotify, 750K video views in Japan, and 317K video views in Asia.
Kuntpunch has performed at The Comedy Store, The Stand, The Ice House, The Laugh Factory, and appeared on Kill Tony. After that appearance Tony went on to talk about her on The Greg Fitzsimmons podcast and with Adam 22 on the No Jumper podcast. Tokyo has been a guest on SiriusXM’s All Out Show, Karen Hunter, The Bonfire, I Want Radio and The Christy Canyon Show, as well as on popular podcasts, Race Wars, Jason Ellis’ High and Dry, The SDR Show, The Chip Chipperson Show, The Wet Spot, Mornin’ with Bill and Joanna and In Hot Water. She most recently appeared on 50 Cent’s website This is 50 https://thisis50.com/?s=hung+yung+terrarist
Publicist: Lainie Speiser, 201-920-2777; misslainie2@gmail.com
Lainie Speiser
Lainie Speiser Publicity
Tokyo Kuntpunch Interviews Comedian Ryan Long Live From New York
Roger Paul Peterson Releases New Patriotic Columbus Day Song
Chris ‘n Iz
ORLANDO, FLORIDA, UNITED STATES, September 29, 2020 /EINPresswire.com/ — In what may be the first major national record release specifically designed to celebrate Columbus Day, Roger Paul Peterson is releasing “Chris ’n Iz — A Columbus Day National Ragtime” in time for this year’s Columbus Day, October 12, 2020. While Columbus Day and Columbus statues have grown more controversial in recent years and months, the Orlando-based multi-keyboard musician/composer notes that “Columbus Day is a Federal Holiday, first proclaimed an official holiday by Republican President Harrison in 1892, then designated a national holiday by Democrat President Roosevelt in 1934. Columbus Day has support from both sides of the aisle” (https://rogerpetersonmusic.com/about-columbus-day).
Resting on top of a driving mixture of American country pop rock and African American-influenced honkey-tonk ragtime, the lyrics to “Chris ”n Iz” recount both sides of the Columbus story (both the good and bad), resolving in a patriotic “God Bless the U.S.A., on this Columbus Day!” sung first in English, then in Spanish. In preparation for his release of “Chris ’n Iz — A Columbus Day National Ragtime,” Roger Paul Peterson examined more than 20 sources of historical Columbus-related information, including Columbus’ own letters/logbook/diaries. Peterson was pleasantly surprised about the many good things he learned about Columbus, in spite of the bad things that did take place. Peterson wrote up these often-ignored truths (both good and bad) in a free 6-pg paper: https://mailchi.mp/89bfdf8547a9/columbusreportrequest
Growing up as a preacher’s kid in the small farming community of Dayton, Iowa, Roger Paul Peterson had ready access to piano and pipe organ at church. He spent thousands of hours playing those instruments — everything from frisky rock ’n roll to resounding church hymns. Now with 16 years of classical piano training and decades performing in live bands as a multi-keyboardist in schools, churches, colleges, bars, ballrooms and concerts, Roger plays with passion and precision. As a musical composer and recording artist, he uses up to eight acoustic and electronic keyboards, including midi access to more than 1,000 different instruments and sounds when recording. One of Roger’s remarkable recording skills is creating stunningly realistic computer-generated musical instruments and sounds — then programming his computer to play those sounds into his recording software.
Roger’s music is shaped by his classical training, coupled with the 1970s-80s decades of pop rock radio music, coupled yet again with the 1990s-to-date influence of Christian radio music and church worship music. Music influencers include German composers J.S. Bach and George Frideric Handel (“The Messiah”), African American Scott Joplin (ragtime) and British multi-keyboardist Keith Emerson. His styles range from honky-tonk/ragtime piano to electro-techno synth, from pipe organ to country rock, and from progressive symphonic rock to secular, sacred, pop and worship.
Along with other members of his first rock band “Mourning Glory,” Roger was inducted into the Iowa Rock ’n Roll Hall of Fame (2016). Roger has worked with Kenny Rogers (1999) and Apple Records/USA Manager for “The Beatles” Ken Mansfield (2011), in addition to Christian recording artists Diana Pierce (1997–2000), Steve Green (2019), and Dick Tunney (2019, 2020).
Roger was a passenger on TWA Flight 841 in April 1979, which went out of control at 39,000 feet, making two complete barrel rolls and plunging over 35,000 feet in an accelerated nose-dive before making a miraculous recovery 44 seconds later. He has appeared four times on NBC/CBS network television regarding this incident, including the Tom Synder Tomorrow Show in April 1979 and the CBS Reports’ 1983 Peabody Award-wining investigative documentary “The Plane That Fell From the Sky”, in which Roger and other actual passengers and crew portray themselves while re-enacting this true-life, death-defying story which can be viewed on Roger’s YouTube channel (https://www.youtube.com/user/RogerSTEM).
Roger is also a multi-published author. He holds a BA in Organizational Leadership (Bethel University—2009), a Mini MBA for Nonprofit Organizations (University of St. Thomas—2010) and an MA in Intercultural Leadership (Bethany Global University—2013). Roger and his wife live near Orlando, Florida and have two children.
My new single, “Chris ’n Iz — a Columbus Day National Ragtime” will be released October 1st on all major streaming platforms, twelve days prior to Columbus Day 2020. “Chris ’n Iz” shares both sides of his world-changing story. Columbus wasn’t perfect. We should never condone violence, slavery or forced conversions. Failing in his attempt to find a new trade route to Asia, this courageous explorer did locate the Americas in 1492. Did bad things happen as a result? — yes. But good things happened as well.
We still have more work to do, to fully achieve impartial, equal justice under the law for all men and women of all ethnicities in these United States. We desperately need each other’s hand in this worthy quest. Thank you, Christopher Columbus, for bravely sailing into what became a new worldview of life, liberty and the pursuit of happiness for millions of people — those God-given, unalienable rights for all people from all ethnic cultures in our beloved United States of America.
May God bless the U.S.A. on this Columbus Day, October 12, 2020!
For more information please visit www.rogerpaulpetersonmusic.com
Music Star Nashville Press
“Chris ’n Iz — A Columbus Day National Ragtime”
Muvi Ad Server Releases Ad Reporting and Analytics
The recent update enables the unification of ad data in a single dashboard with a holistic view of impressions, engagement pattern, ad inventory, revenue & more
NEW YORK, US, September 29, 2020 /EINPresswire.com/ — Muvi Ad Server, the digital ad hosting and delivering platform from Muvi, the leading provider of the Audio & Video streaming platform, has strengthened its native performance reporting system that helps the ad publishers gain insights into individual ad performance, impressions, and partner performance. The latest update aims at optimizing ad sourcing and prioritizing delivery channels for increased viewership.
Muvi Ad Server, which was an addition to Muvi's product portfolio earlier this year, turned heads for its "No Revenue Sharing" and "No Minimum Views & Traffic" policy, which made it an instant hit among budding OTT platforms. Muvi Ad Server broke the monopoly of high-end ad networks that function in a somewhat resistive ecosystem. Hosted on a public cloud infrastructure like AWS, Muvi Ad Server empowers small-medium OTT-businesses and business conglomerates to host ads on their private ad network and deliver multi-format ads onto their website and apps.
With dynamic ad-insertion, geo-restriction, and cross-platform ad delivering capabilities, publishers can customize the ad delivery based on device, geography, and following the latest release preferences too.
"Muvi Ad Server is our first product that was conceptualized by our customers who shared their experience about hosting ads and the associated difficulties in getting listed by established ad networks," quotes Saurabh Dey, Head of Marketing, Muvi. "The recent update enables the unification of ad data in a single dashboard with a holistic view of impressions, engagement pattern, ad inventory, revenue, and more. Publishers are now more empowered", adds Dey.
Muvi Ad Server, like Muvi's other trademark OTT solutions, is instantly deployable and available for "an all feature access" 14-Day Free Trial.
Muvi Ad Server – Personal Ad Management Platform with Zero Revenue Sharing
Cinematory Announces 5th Annual Toronto Arthouse Film Festival
Join us October 20-23 at Fox Theatre
TORONTO, CANADA, September 29, 2020 /EINPresswire.com/ — (Toronto, ON) — Toronto Arthouse Film Festival (TAFF) has announced its fifth annual edition will be held from Oct. 20-23, 2020 at the Fox Theatre. The festival line-up includes 35 films with an international jury reviewing films online while each evening, 50 in-person patrons can attend films for free, cast ballots via QR codes on the festival app and attend post-film receptions with filmmakers.
“This year’s festival will include another great international and local collection of independent, experimental films—there’s something for everyone. Filmgoers will also have a chance to vote for their favorite films among 10 award categories and attend “Meet the Filmmakers” receptions in the theatre for conversation and drinks,” said Maarten Cornelis, TAFF Festival Manager.
“For 2020, it is important to us to show the films in a theatre as many film festivals are going completely online; our main festival goal is to create a platform for risk-taking filmmakers, giving them the exposure they deserve,” added Cornelis. “We are happy that the restrictions have loosened and the films can be shown as they were intended. Precautions will be in place to ensure our audience feels safe as social distancing rules will apply. Furthermore, we look forward to working with a local host.”
Kris De Meester, TAFF’s Festival Director, added, “We are excited to announce this year that the winners will receive a voucher package named ‘The Tarkovski Grants Grants’ for multiple international film festivals. Furthermore, for the first time, a select number of winning filmmakers will be invited to an inaugural December 2021 Producers’ Night in Hollywood, joining fellow winners from 15 independent film festivals. This event will provide an opportunity for the selected filmmakers to showcase their work to established producers and industry professionals as well as encourage future collaborations.”
This is TAFF’s inaugural year partnering with Cinematory LLC as the festival’s event manager. For information about the 2020 TAFF schedule of films, tickets, and award categories, please visit https://www.torontofilmfestival.org/.
About Cinematory LLC
Cinematory LLC is an established expert at serving the needs of respected international film festivals that share a common artistic vision. From mainstays like the Boston Film Festival to emerging events such as the Toronto Arthouse Film Festival, Cinematory creates challenging festivals recognized for an unsurpassed film and screening experience. Festivals run by filmmakers, catered to filmmakers.
Maarten Cornelis
maarten.cornelis@gmail.com
Cinematory LLC
Grammy® Nominee Eric Alexandrakis Releases New Album, Terra
TERRA was written and recorded around the world.
New Alternative Double Album Recorded On 16-Track Recording Format.
LOS ANGELES, CA, U.S.A., September 29, 2020 /EINPresswire.com/ — Grammy® nominated artist Eric Alexandrakis has announced the release of TERRA, his new double album comprised of 28 eclectic Alternative tracks. Coming on the heels of I.V. CATATONIA: 20 YEARS AS A TWO TIME CANCER SURVIVOR, which was nominated for a BEST-SPOKEN WORD at the 2019 Grammy® Awards alongside artists such as Michelle Obama and The Beastie Boys, Alexandrakis is, once again, pushing his creative skills beyond the established norm.
TERRA is a 28-track travel concept album whose sonic innovation tells a story with metaphorical whimsy. Alexandrakis composed and performed all of the music on TERRA on a 16-track recorder, with only one to two takes per recorded part. “Computers are a rabbit hole; using the 16-track pushed me to come up with the best ideas possible with what little I had to work with, and most of all, forced me to play and perform everything [with a little help from friends here and there including John Taylor (Duran Duran), Steve Ferrone (Tom Petty & The Heartbreakers, Duran Duran, George Harrison, Eric Clapton), composers/producers Starr Parodi & Jeff Fair, up and coming artist Isolde Fair, producer/engineer Kirk Kelsey (The Smashing Pumpkins, Keith Urban), and Eric's 13 year old son, who played drums on one song]".
Always pushing beyond established genres, this release shows off Alexandrakis' love of late 60's pop music, New Wave and soundtracks, perhaps an amalgamation of The Beach Boys meets Pink Floyd, meets Duran Duran. Written and recorded around the world, TERRA is a melodic snapshot of Alexandrakis' world, combining his love of music, travel and film, with the tracks representing his emotions, feelings and experiences. “Terra is essentially my world. We all have our own "Terra". Your experiences would sound much different than mine, and I'm excited to share mine.”
Highly creative since childhood, Alexandrakis is a student of all artistic disciplines. Along with his album releases, he composes for commercials, television, film, and has even charted nationally with two original Christmas songs and productions for other artists. He is also involved in film production, and was fortunate to have a film he conceptualized and scored, short-list at Cannes Lions in 2017 [PSYCHOGENIC FUGUE starring John Malkovich and directed by Sandro]. Alexandrakis was the first person in the industry to produce music on a digitally watermarked CD, and he continues to find innovative ways to express himself through his songwriting, productions, and company Minoan Music.
TERRA by Eric Alexandrakis is out now via Apple Music.
Gary Seven
Minoan Music
New Trailer Launched and Tickets Available Today for Upcoming Documentary Exploring “Finding God in an Age of Science”
Against the Tide Key Art
Kevin Sorbo and John Lennox Explore Caesarea Philippi
Kevin Sorbo and John Lennox Enter Green Templeton College
Oxford Professor Dr. John Lennox and Veteran Actor Kevin Sorbo Travel the Globe Highlighting How Science and History Support Scripture in "Against the Tide"
This film is a master-class in understanding and combating the atheist manifesto.”
— Kevin Sorbo
FRANKLIN, TN, USA, September 29, 2020 /EINPresswire.com/ — On November 19, the documentary motion picture AGAINST THE TIDE: Finding God in an Age of Science will be showcased in theaters nationwide for a special one-night-only event. Today, as ticketing launches across the country, the team at Pensmore Films is also unveiling a compelling new trailer, which can be viewed here.
AGAINST THE TIDE takes viewers on a journey, following acclaimed University of Oxford mathematician, author, and philosopher Dr. John Lennox and veteran Hollywood actor, director, and producer Kevin Sorbo (Hercules, GOD’s NOT DEAD, Supergirl) as they travel from Oxford to Cambridge to Israel, experiencing firsthand many of the sites and facts that are essential to understanding the complementary relationship between science and faith.
“It was an honor to spend significant quality time with Prof. Lennox while working on AGAINST THE TIDE. That alone was an opportunity that I couldn’t refuse,” shares Sorbo. “This film is a master-class in understanding and combating the atheist manifesto. I know it will be a thought-provoking asset to anyone who seeks to have a deeper understanding of the wonder of Scripture and sees the need for Christians to be confident in defending what they believe."
An internationally renowned speaker and author on the interface of science, philosophy, and religion, Lennox has dedicated his life to standing up against the rising tide of atheism by sharing the rational foundations of his belief. The film acts as biography and travelogue, sharing what has inspired and fueled this passion to present compelling evidence that science and history not only align with scripture but actively support the biblical narrative.
In AGAINST THE TIDE, Lennox breaks down the arguments and issues most often cited in apologetics debates, reflecting on several very public, sold-out encounters he has had with well-known atheists Richard Dawkins, Christopher Hitchens, Peter Singer, and Michael Shermer, among others. Sorbo probes Lennox on the issues, and together they discuss, dissect, and discover answers to the most compelling apologetics questions.
Created by Pensmore Films and Kharis Productions, and distributed by Fathom Events, AGAINST THE TIDE is certain to be a legacy resource for homeschool groups, churches, Christian schools, and science and apologetics-loving people of faith for decades to come.
For more information, purchase tickets, or to register for movie updates, please visit: againstthetide.movie.
About John Lennox:
Dr. John Lennox, professor emeritus of mathematics at the University of Oxford, is an internationally renowned speaker and author. His books, which span the fields of science, philosophy, and religion, include God’s Undertaker: Has Science Buried God?, God and Stephen Hawking, Can Science Explain Everything?, Gunning for God, Where Is God In A Coronavirus World? and, 2084: Artificial Intelligence, the Future of Humanity, and the God Question. Prof. Lennox has traveled the world defending the rationality of Christianity and belief in God, and has debated some of the world’s most prominent atheists, including Richard Dawkins, Christopher Hitchens, and Peter Singer, among many others. Throughout, Lennox stands firm: “Properly understood, the evidence inexorably points to the existence of a creator God.”
About Kevin Sorbo:
Kevin Sorbo, a more than 30-year veteran Hollywood actor, director, and producer is best known for his lead roles in Hercules: The Legendary Journeys, one of the highest-rated syndicated television programs in the world, as well as for TV series Andromeda and Supergirl, and motion pictures God’s Not Dead and Let There Be Light, among many, many others. “I am frequently berated by Hollywood compatriots for my Christian faith,” Sorbo says. “Bringing Against The Tide to the screen seemed a great opportunity to learn how to respond from a master in turning the atheist manifesto on its head. Furthermore, I get to appear as ‘myself!’”
About Pensmore Films:
Pensmore Films develops and produces motion pictures and multimedia releases on some of the most important existential topics of today – the credibility, validity, and relevance of the Christian worldview, and its complementary relationship with science and the universe. An outgrowth of the nonprofit Pensmore Foundation, Pensmore Films produces movies, such as Against The Tide, through which it seeks to dispel misinformation and strengthen understanding of the most important questions about human existence and purpose. www.PensmoreFilms.com
About Kharis Productions:
Kharis Productions is an independent film and television production company based in Hamilton, Scotland. With noted achievements in documentaries, docudrama, Children’s TV, feature film, news, current events, and training, Kharis has developed a particular expertise in religion and education projects. The Kharis team has produced programs for most UK broadcasters as well as several overseas broadcast networks. www.KharisProductions.com/
About Fathom Events:
Fathom Events is the leading event cinema distributor with theater locations in all top 100 DMAs® (Designated Market Areas) and ranks as one of the largest overall theater content distributors. Owned by AMC Entertainment Inc. (NYSE: AMC); Cinemark Holdings, Inc. (NYSE: CNK); and Regal Cinemas, a subsidiary of the Cineworld Group (LSE: CINE.L), Fathom Events offers a variety of unique entertainment events in movie theaters such as live performances of the Metropolitan Opera, top Broadway stage productions, major sporting events, epic concerts, the yearlong TCM Big Screen Classics series, inspirational events, and popular anime franchises. Fathom Events takes audiences behind the scenes for unique extras including audience Q&As, backstage footage, and interviews with cast and crew, creating the ultimate VIP experience. Fathom Events live Digital Broadcast Network (“DBN”) is the largest cinema broadcast network in North America, bringing live and pre-recorded events to 1,010 locations and 1,628 screens in 182 DMAs. The company also provides corporations a compelling national footprint for hosting employee meetings, customer rewards events, and new product launches. For more information, visit www.FathomEvents.com.
Biscuit Media Group
Trailer – Against the Tide
Brewers Association and MPLC Announce Strategic Partnership
Industry Association and Licensing Leader Partner on Copyright Education.
LOS ANGELES, CA, USA, September 29, 2020 /EINPresswire.com/ — Boulder, CO and Los Angeles, CA: The Brewers Association (BA) and MPLC today jointly announced the formation of a strategic partnership to educate BA member breweries about the benefits of an audiovisual strategy and the importance of motion picture copyright compliance.
The partnership establishes a framework by which MPLC and BA will work together to teach BA members strategies for using movies and TV to increase business, and also to advise members of the risks of failing to comply with copyright laws. Ideas and information will be shared through a variety of means, including educational articles and webinars. In addition, MPLC has committed to providing a special member rate on its Umbrella License® for BA members.
“In these challenging times, our members need new strategies to drive business,” said Paul Gatza, Senior Vice President of the Professional Brewing Division at the Brewers Association. “MPLC’s Umbrella License provides excellent value and exciting options for our members to use movies and television to enhance their business.”
Since its founding in 1986, MPLC has taken an educational approach to the licensing of movies, TV, and other audiovisual content, forging partnerships with industry associations in a variety of verticals to educate businesses about copyright compliance.
“We are extremely pleased to have the support of the Brewers Association,” said Dave Davis, President of the Americas at MPLC. “As breweries across the country develop new and innovative tactics and promotions, the Brewers Association was forward-looking in seeking ways to help their membership. Together, we will help their members incorporate the magic of film and television into their business in a simple and cost effective way, while educating them how to be compliant with US copyright law.”
According to the US Copyright Act, Title 17 of the United States Code, copyrighted movies, television, and other audiovisual content that is legally available for personal, private use (such as via, broadcast, cable or satellite television, DVDs, downloads, or streaming services) require a public performance license when exhibited in public. Showing audiovisual content in restaurants and bars requires a public performance license.
About Brewers Association: The Brewers Association (BA) is the not-for-profit trade association dedicated to small and independent American brewers, their beers and the community of brewing enthusiasts. The BA represents 5,400-plus U.S. breweries. The BA’s independent craft brewer seal is a widely adopted symbol that differentiates beers by small and independent craft brewers. The BA organizes events including the World Beer Cup®, Great American Beer Festival®, Craft Brewers Conference® & BrewExpo America®, SAVOR™: An American Craft Beer & Food Experience, Homebrew Con™, National Homebrew Competition and American Craft Beer Week®. The BA publishes The New Brewer® magazine, and Brewers Publications® is the leading publisher of brewing literature in the U.S. Beer lovers are invited to learn more about the dynamic world of craft beer at CraftBeer.com® and about homebrewing via the BA’s American Homebrewers Association® and the free Brew Guru® mobile app. Follow us on Facebook, Twitter, and Instagram.
About MPLC: MPLC is the global leader in public exhibition licensing, supporting legal access to movies, TV, and other audiovisual content in more than 40 countries. Through its Umbrella License®, a blanket license for public exhibition, MPLC represents a variety of rights holders, ranging from Hollywood studios to independent producers. MPLC licensees include government, corporations, and non-profit organizations. Hundreds of thousands of locations around the world publicly exhibit content legally with the Umbrella License. In January 2020, MPLC joined forces with Tenzing Private Equity Capital to drive growth opportunities and fuel its charge to become the most professional non-theatrical licensing company in the world.
Dana Lambert
Motion Picture Licensing Corporation (MPLC)
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Home > MHC Events Calendar > Women Leading in Public Service 2015 > Speakers and Presenters > Bio: Ann O’Leary ’93
Bio: Ann O’Leary ’93
Ann O’Leary is Senior Policy Advisor to Hillary Clinton’s presidential campaign and co-founder of The Opportunity Institute. Ann was most recently the Senior Vice President of Next Generation and Director of Too Small to Fail and served as a senior fellow at the Center for American Progress, where she wrote about work-family policies. Ann previously served as a lecturer in health law at UC Berkeley School of Law, executive director of the Berkeley School of Law Center on Health, Economic & Family Security, a deputy city attorney in San Francisco, legislative director to Senator Hillary Rodham Clinton, and led the children and family policy team on the White House Domestic Policy Council under President William J. Clinton. She also served as a member of the Obama-Biden Presidential Transition Team, advising the incoming administration on early childhood education issues. She earned a B.A. from Mount Holyoke College, a Master’s in Education Policy from Stanford University and a J.D. from the University of California, Berkeley, School of Law.
Women Leading in Public Service Summit 2015
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Classic guitar interview: Mark Knopfler, August 1995
By Guitarist (Guitarist) 06 April 2012
Knopfler onstage with Dire Straits in 1992 (Image credit: Clayton Call/Retna Ltd/Corbis)
Back in 1995, Guitarist caught up with Dire Straits' enigmatic frontman to talk success, classic albums, playing the guitar with heroes and knowing "sod all about music".
Listening to the first Dire Straits album, it's difficult to detect the influence of the sound. It's not blues, it's not folk and yet both those elements play a part.
"I dunno," he whispers. "I suppose that's when I cut my teeth arranging. I didn't know anything about it, I remember thinking very differently when keyboards came into it. I started to think more seriously about basslines, chord inversions and voicings.
"I think I learned it the hard way - it helped doing a lot of folk stuff and solo acoustic stuff and then have a duo, then a four piece, then a five and then a six piece and so on; your ability to feel at home with a lot of instruments develops from time spent in the driving seat. Arranging doesn't faze me at all now but then I was kind of illiterate - still am in a lot of ways."
Dire Straits were one of the few bands who managed to fly in to face of punk, successfully finding a foothold in a music industry which had apparently turned its back on anything other than angry young men with an indifferent musical aptitude.
"I started to discover that the more you put on a record, the less you're getting out of it."
"There were a lot of little kids with bands, but there were two other things, don't forget: there was the Saturday Night Fever thing which was huge in that everyone was buying disco records and making disco records and then there were these big, pompous bands like Boston and Kansas and The Doobies were doing things like, it seemed to me, a big rock disco thing in some ways.
"I wasn't really interested in all of that, I liked the idea of little beat groups and a stripped down sound. That's just what interested me at the time, having this little group. I wanted a vehicle for the songs, but I wanted it to be stripped down.
"You just go all around the houses sometimes and you just come to where you started in some ways. It's amazing really, by ignorance, but sometimes that audacity just works somehow. I can't listen to that stuff. I just won't. I never listen to any of it, ever. I listen to a bit of it when it's made, but..."
Continuing the train of thought about the 'little group' manifesto that Dire Straits championed in the early days, things had become a lot more orchestrated and big sounding by the time Love Over Gold was on the shelves. In fact, the album was scorned by some critics for being over-produced.
"I think it was," says Knopfler nodding surprisingly in agreement. "You just have to go through it and learn. I mean, what's happening is you're doing a lot of learning in public, artistically and technically.
"I remember doing things on Local Hero that I wouldn't dream of doing now; playing Ovations and putting them in the board - just ridiculous things. I started to discover that the more you put on a record, the less you're getting out of it.
"I've told this one before, but I was sitting in a bar once and unfortunately Telegraph Road was playing and I was sitting there thinking, Fuck, it sounds like this big lifeless thing. All this work had gone into it and it doesn't sound like it's got any life in it somehow. And then straight after that came Rave On by Buddy Holly. It sounded four times louder, 20 times bigger and with a hundred times more life. That really made my day."
At the time it seemed that the band's answer to the over- produced accusations was to record the EP Twisting By The Pool, a back-to-basics statement if ever there was one.
"Twisting By The Pool was just another bad idea," he says somewhat mournfully. "I didn't know anything about making rock 'n' roll records. You have to learn the hard way and that's all I can tell you really."
Brothers In Arms was a colossally successful album. There must have been a point where you realised that the album was growing legs and about to run marathons.
"No, no, not at all. I think it just happened to coincide with compact discs and it was a sheer fluke. If it hadn't been that album it would have been something else. It was just an accident of timing, it got connected - Brothers In Arms was the first CD single, or so I'm told and I suppose it was one of the first CD albums.
"That's all it was I think. Plus we had a couple of hits in America - Money For Nothing and Walk Of Life - so it got connected with the American success, but people will always want to make something like that into something else completely."
Surely you can't write off such a phenomenal success as simply something being the result of pure coincidence?
"When you're involved in something, you're so in the middle of it, that you don't share the perceptions which go on outside. I don't like being part of that vibe, I'm just happier to be on the inside. I don't go around saying, I've got a number one record all over the world, aren't I fabulous. That's never interested me.
"I like success very much because it lets me come into a studio like this and it lets me play Atlantis, but having said I like success, it's a completely different thing from saying that you like fame. Fame has got no redeeming features whatsoever; in fact if you wanted to make an equation, you could say that the price of success is fame."
It's clear that Knopfler finds fame a hassle…
"It can be, but I try not to let it get to me because I've never wanted to be babied. I go around the world on my own, go to the airport by myself and check into hotels and pay my own bills. I live like anybody else in other words. I go down to my own motorcycle and go backwards and forwards by myself.
"I don't like to be nannied, but I suppose that is because I was 28 years old when the band hit. A lot other people have to face it when they're 17 and they don't get chance to get involved in the responsibility of an ordinary life."
Over the years, Knopfler has played with so many of his heroes there can't be many that he'd still like to pluck the strings along with.
"It was great playing with the Everlys and The Shadows and everybody. It goes on, I suppose. I remember the lad in the studio, we were making a cup of coffee in the studio in Dublin before the session started, and he said, You know, that's the finest bunch of musicians in Ireland down there, and I said, I know. But I did think about it and it's quite thrilling really."
Interestingly, after the first wave of fame struck him, Mark decided to improve both as a guitarist and as a musician and he sought help through the pages of the Mickey Baker guitar tutor.
"It struck me that I knew sod all about music, so I thought I'd try and figure out a little bit more about it. So I just sat down and made myself stick at it, just like the man said in the shop.
"It wasn't easy, but then it just started becoming easier and easier and I realised that even if I couldn't always remember the name of something, then I would recognise the sound."
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Party that did Not Participate in underlying Bankruptcy Had No Standing to Reopen the Case
Bobby Wilbert | Latest News | October 1, 2017
Saticoy Bay moves to reopen the chapter 7 bankruptcy case filed by the Debtors in order to annul the automatic stay nunc pro tunc. The facts of this case are largely undisputed. On April 25, 2012, prior to Debtors’ bankruptcy filing, the Legacy Village Property Owners Association (the “HOA”) recorded a Notice of Delinquent Assessment Lien against Debtors’ real property (“Property”) for delinquent homeowners’ association dues in the amount of $1, 000.00. Subsequently, the HOA recorded a Notice of Default and Election to Sell under Homeowners’ Association Lien in the County Recorder’s Office on September 11, 2012. Nearly a year later, on August 15, 2013, Debtors filed a voluntary petition for chapter 7 relief. Debtors listed the Property on Schedule A. On Schedule D, Debtors indicated that Chase held a $252, 000.00 mortgage on the Property. Debtors listed the HOA as an unsecured creditor on Schedule F with a claim in the amount of $1, 000.00 for its delinquent dues, but did not provide for the secured HOA lien. The HOA did not file a proof of claim or object to its claim classification in Debtors’ petition. Debtors indicated their intent to surrender the Property in their Statement of Intention (“SOI”).
On August 20, 2013, five days after Debtors filed for relief under the Code, the HOA sent a Notice of Trustee’s Sale to numerous entities, including Chase and Debtors. On August 26 and 27, 2013, the HOA posted Notices of Sale in six public places and personally served the Notice upon the occupant of the premises. On August 30, 2013, the HOA recorded the Notice of Sale in the official records. Notwithstanding the automatic stay imposed by § 362(a), the HOA acted without requesting and receiving relief from the Court to lift the automatic stay pursuant to § 362(d). Debtors received their discharge on November 25, 2013. Eight days after Debtors received their discharge, Movant, Saticoy Bay, purchased the premises from the HOA at a foreclosure sale. Debtors’ bankruptcy case was subsequently closed on December 11, 2013, and Saticoy Bay recorded its deed on December 12, 2013.
Saticoy Bay commenced an action to quiet title in state court (“State Court” or “Quiet Title Action”) against Chase on January 8, 2014, seeking to quiet title and obtain a declaration that the non-judicial foreclosure sale extinguished the first position Deed of Trust held by Chase under state law. Upon Debtors’ motion and for reasons unrelated to the HOA or the Quiet Title Action, their case was reopened on November 12, 2014, but thereafter closed on February 11, 2015.
On September 21, 2016, the State Court ruled on cross motions for summary judgment in the Quiet Title Action. Both parties have provided the Court with the hearing minutes. The State Court ordered:
[Saticoy Bay]’s Motion for Summary Judgment CONDITIONALLY GRANTED, matter SET for status check, if bankruptcy court will annul the stay[, ] then Court will enter judgment in favor of [Saticoy Bay]’s Motion for Summary
Judgment and against Defendant on all causes of action except their unjust enrichment claim, if stay is not annulled then Defendant JPMorgan Chase Bank’s Motion for Summary Judgment will be GRANTED.
Chase raises three main arguments in opposition to the Motion: (1) Saticoy Bay is not a “party in interest” entitled or permitted to reopen a case, as required by Rule 5010; (2) Saticoy Bay lacks both constitutional and prudential standing to bring the Motion; and (3) Saticoy Bay does not have sufficient “cause” to reopen, as required by § 350(b). In support of its first argument, Chase cites cases from courts around the country for the proposition that “party in interest” status should not extend to Saticoy Bay, as Saticoy Bay’s interest in Debtors’ Property did not arise until eight days after Debtors received their discharge. Next, Chase contends that Saticoy Bay lacks the required constitutional and prudential standing to bring this Motion because it is asserting the rights of a third party (the HOA), rather than its own. Finally, Chase cites supporting cases, to show that, under the totality of the circumstances, Saticoy Bay does not have sufficient “cause” to reopen.
Saticoy Bay’s principal argument in support of its position that it is a “party in interest” under Rule 5010, and thus has standing to reopen this case, is that it has a financial and/or legal stake in Debtors’ bankruptcy case and the application of the automatic stay. Saticoy Bay does not provide the Court with any case law interpreting “party in interest” as it relates to Rule 5010. Rather, Saticoy Bay’s sole argument is that it has constitutional and prudential standing because it (1) will suffer an injury-in-fact if the stay is not annulled to retroactively legitimize the HOA’s foreclosure action and (2) is seeking to enforce its own rights to the Property, rather than the third party rights of the HOA. Saticoy Bay also contends that Chase’s challenge to Saticoy Bay’s standing is made in bad faith because this standing argument conflicts with Chase’s argument made in the underlying Quiet Title Action. With respect to the substantive relief requested, Saticoy Bay urges this Court to rely upon a case involving facts similar to those in this case regarding annulling the automatic stay nunc pro tunc.
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Taking a Gap Year at Stanford and Building Side Hustle Stack
Lila Shroff
About this masterclass
The experience of creating Side Hustle Stack and thesis on passion economy
The regret minimising framework for making complex decisions
The importance of short-term failures for long-term success
Insights on designing your gap year by following your curiosity
Unlock the complete Network Capital experience
Get unfettered access to -
150+ premium masterclasses created by distinguished leaders.
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1:1 mentoring to augment your professional growth.
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Lila Shroff is deeply interested in media innovation and is passionate about creating a healthier media ecosystem. Currently, Lila is on a gap year, working as a Research Analyst at Atelier Ventures and building Side Hustle Stack, before starting at Stanford University next fall. She is also spending her gap year as part of the initial cohort at Girlhood* (a new digital media organization by and for girls), working independently on a creative writing project, and was previously a fellow at Splice Beta (Asia's only media startup festival). In the past, Lila has spent her time exploring the intersecting worlds of media and business through internships with the Stanford Technology Ventures Program and Glow.fm (a podcast monetization startup). She has also worked in radio journalism as an Advanced Producer at KUOW's RadioActive, as Student General Manager of KMIH 88.9 The Bridge, and with the Northwest News Network. Learn more about Lila and her work at lilashroff.com.
Career Principles with Nobel Laureate Dr. Robert Shiller
"I don't know what I want to do with my life" Fellowship
Augmenting Emotional Intelligence with AI: Career Principles of Dr. Rana el Kaliouby
Leadership Lessons with Jean-Philippe Courtois
In this candid and insightful masterclass, Jean-Philippe Courtois shares his personal advice and insights on - 1. Art of following your curiosity by building a habit of asking thoughtful questions. 2. Nuances of clarity, positivity, and success to augment personal leadership style. 3. Mental models for contextual awareness for leading cross-cultural and global teams. As executive vice president and president, Global Sales, Marketing & Operations, Jean-Philippe Courtois leads Microsoft’s commercial business across 124 subsidiaries worldwide. From Cloud services to AI and mixed reality, Courtois is responsible for driving strategic planning, growth initiatives, national digital transformation partnerships and running Microsoft global commercial business. Courtois is passionate about enabling businesses to digitally transform with the right strategy, skills and technology to ignite new innovation, new ways of working, new business models and new revenue streams. He helps build vibrant ecosystems with small businesses, start-ups, public sector entities, partners all the way to global industry leaders. Previously, Courtois served as president of Microsoft International where he led sales, marketing and services across all Microsoft subsidiaries outside of the United States and Canada. Before that he held the same role for the EMEA region (Europe, Middle East and Africa) as CEO and president of Microsoft EMEA, and was corporate vice president of Worldwide Customer Marketing, based out of Microsoft’s worldwide headquarters in Redmond, Washington. Courtois joined Microsoft in 1984. His first role was as a partner sales representative and, after holding several leadership positions, he was promoted to general manager for Microsoft France in 1994. Courtois holds a Diplôme des Etudes Commerciales Supérieures (DECS) from the Ecole Supérieure de Commerce de Nice (SKEMA). Outside of Microsoft, Courtois is chairman of the board of directors for SKEMA Business School, as well as a board member of Positive Planet, a worldwide leading NGO with a mission to help men and women across the world create the conditions for a better life for future generations. Courtois is also on the board of directors of ManpowerGroup, the global workforce solutions organization. He has served as co-chairman of the World Economic Forum’s Global Digital Divide Initiative Task Force, on the European Commission Information and Communication Technology task force and previously sat on the board of directors for AstraZeneca. In 2015, he co-founded the Live for Good foundation, which aims to unlock the potential of young people from all walks of life through social entrepreneurship, driving societal innovation through a purpose led community
A New Idea of India with Harsh Madhusudan & Rajeev Mantri
A New Idea of India constructs and expounds on a new framework beyond the rough and tumble of partisan politics. Lucid in its laying out of ideas and policies while taking a novel position, this book is illuminated by years of research and the authors’ first-hand experiences, as citizens, entrepreneurs and investors, of the vagaries and challenges of India
101 of Digital Marketing with Mishaal and Aishwarya
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C.J. Mosley: Jets Know What Team They Have to Knock Off
Hours before the NFL Schedule was announced, new Jets ILB C.J. Mosley told reporters that head coach Adam Gase already has the New England Patriots in his sights.
"He's going for that one team that's been winning every single year in this division," Mosley said during a conference call. "He said that's one of the main reasons he came here and we all believe that. And the guys who are new additions to the team, we're pretty much here for the same reason."
Gase, who spent the past three seasons leading the Miami Dolphins, has remained in a division that the Patriots have dominated for two decades. The defending Super Bowl champions have claimed 10 consecutive AFC East titles and 16 of 18 overall.
"He came here to win. At the end of the day, the Patriots have shown who we have to beat to get to that top spot," Mosley said. "Not overlooking anybody else in the division or anybody else on our schedule, we know for us to get to where we want to be — we know what team we have to knock off."
Wide receiver Jamison Crowder, who like Mosley joined the Green & White in free agency, didn't want to look too far down the road. The Jets are still in Phase 1 of their workout program, with activities limited to strength, conditioning and physical rehab only, and won't begin on-field workouts until next week.
"Right now, we're just focusing on us and everybody getting familiar with each other right now. Once everybody starts to pick up on the offense and get familiar with who we have in the building, then we'll focus more on the other teams," Crowder said. "But right now, we're more so focused on us and us getting better, so that's kind of where we're at with that."
Best Images of the Jets' Sled Workout
See the Jets Working Out on the Field During of the Offseason Program
The Jets found out Wednesday night that they'll visit the Patriots in Week 3 and finish up their season series against the Pats on Monday Night Football in Week 7. Veteran nose tackle Steve McLendon, who re-signed in the offseason, has never altered his ultimate drive of hoisting the Lombardi Trophy.
"They have been the champions, they have won the division. That's what we want to be, but if we focus on them — we'll lose focus on what our big goal is," McLendon said. "But me, personally? My one goal is to win a championship no matter how, when or where. Since I'm here right now, that's my singular focus goal is to do everything in my power to help motivate, to help lead and play/perform at an extremely high level to help this team to do something special this year."
One of the Jets' core special teams performers in 2019 will be wide receiver Josh Bellamy, who spent the 2015 season in Chicago when Gase was the Bears' OC. And he knows exactly what the Green & White's new leader is all about.
"He's going to build a culture of everybody just being a dawg, having that type of mentality and being aggressive," Bellamy said. "He's ready to win and we all want to win."
Crowder, one of the league's most explosive slot targets, has already seen Gase's fire since the start of the offseason program.
"I would say he's very energetic, pumped up, hyped type of coach. We're going through installs and everything and everyone is trying to obviously get the offense down," he said. "It doesn't seem too complicated. For me, it's just learning the verbiage. It's a bit different. But I like him from what I've seen, just me being here in this short amount of time. I'm just looking forward to growing our relationship, player-coach relationship and just trying to go out there and do what I can within the offense."
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How Many Cuts Have the Jets Already Made?
After team buses returned from Philadelphia Friday morning at 1:00 a.m., Todd Bowles was back in the facility a few hours later as the Green & White started their final conversations about roster cuts. All NFL clubs must reduce their rosters to a maximum of 53 players on the active/inactive list prior to 4:00 p.m. Saturday. The Jets have made a number of decisions already as the long weekend gets underway.
"We've made probably upwards of about 15 or maybe 20," Bowles told reporters on a conference call. "We are still going to have to walk through some more of them though."
Inside linebacker Kevin Pierre-Louis (1 game), wide receiver ArDarius Stewart (2 games) and cornerback Rashard Robinson (4 games) will begin the regular season on the NFL's suspended list, so those three players will not occupy roster spots.
"That will help out a little bit. It's bad that they are suspended, but if we are on the fence with a couple people — they may be able to squeak by and get some time in and then injuries always play a part in it," Bowles said. "It's going to be a tough deal either way, but hopefully we can finagle this where we get the best value with the guys we keep."
In addition to taking care of their own house, the Jets will monitor who springs free throughout the league. The 53 names on Saturday will almost assuredly have a few changes by the time the Jets reach Detroit on Sep. 10 for the regular season opener against the Lions.
"Obviously, we are going to wait to see what's out there," Bowles said. "We're not just going to bring in anybody, but if there's someone who interests us and we think can upgrade our roster, we'll definitely try and bring them in."
Many have speculated that the Jets could try to attempt to obtain a pass rusher through trade. In terms of any trade, Bowles declined to discuss any hypotheticals and deferred to general manager Mike Maccagnan.
"You're always looking all year, every year, but it's more Mike's department," he said. "We'll see what's available to him or if he comes down asking about somebody, we'll discuss it. If not, we'll just keep status quo."
Jetcetera
After New York's AFC representative wrapped up the preseason with a 10-9 loss to the Eagles, Bowles did not give a timetable on naming a starting quarterback for the regular season… Rookie signal caller Sam Darnold reacted to the business of the NFL, commenting on the Jets-Saints trade that sent Teddy Bridgewater to New Orleans. "This is obviously my first season in the NFL, so it took me a little while to understand what was going on," said the 21-year-old. "And just saying goodbye to him was kind of the hardest thing about the whole thing. He's taught me so much in such a little amount of time, but I'm just excited for his next step and his journey and excited to see what he's going to do in this league. I know that he's going to be a good player for a long time, so I'm just really excited for him and the opportunity that he has in New Orleans."… Bowles praised CB Rashard Robinson for his growth this summer. "On a personal standpoint, and he's suspended the first four games, but Rashard Robinson has done an outstanding job from coming back into training camp from the spring from last year from an attitude standpoint, from a playing standpoint, and from a professional standpoint. I couldn't be more proud of the strides he's made coming in personally."
Game Gallery: Jets at Eagles
Top Snapshots from the Preseason Finale in 2018
Michael Perez/Associated Press
Matt Rourke/Associated Press
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The Painter's Father
After Albrecht Dürer
Oil on lime
Signed; Dated and inscribed
This portrait of Dürer’s father, who is identifiable by the inscription, was given as a gift to King Charles I of England in 1636. When Charles was executed in 1649, it was sold. It eventually entered the National Gallery’s collection in the early twentieth century.
There are four versions of the picture, but the National Gallery’s is the only one that matches an inventory description of 1639, where the sitter is described as having a black cap, and ‘a dark yellow gown wherein his hands are hidden in the wide sleeves painted upon a reddish ground all crack’t.’
The picture is probably a later sixteenth-century copy of a lost original by Dürer. The colour of the background and the unusual technique used to apply it – in one thick layer of paint, rather than in multiple ones – are not typical for the artist. This method of paint application also created the cracks (now covered by restoration).
The inscription at the top of this picture tells us the sitter is Dürer’s father, Albrecht the Elder, depicted at the age of 70 in 1479. Albrecht the Elder was a goldsmith who trained his son in the craft. Originally from Hungary, he settled in the city of Nuremberg in 1455, where Albrecht the Younger was born in 1471.
Thomas Howard, Earl of Arundel, visited Nuremberg in 1636, and was presented with two pictures by Dürer as gifts for King Charles I of England: a self portrait (now in the Prado, Madrid) and this painting of his father. When Charles was executed in 1649 the paintings were sold. This portrait entered the National Gallery’s collection in the early twentieth century. There are actually four versions of the picture, but it is clear that ours was the work given to Charles: it is the only one that matches the description in the 1639 inventory, where the sitter is described as having a black cap, and ‘a dark yellow gown wherein his hands are hidden in the wide sleeves painted upon a reddish ground all crack’t’.
The cracks mentioned in the inventory developed when the single thick layer of paint was drying, but due to restoration they are no longer visible. The way that the paint was applied to cause the general streaky effect of the background, as well as the ‘drying cracks’, is not typical of Dürer; the colour of the background is also not found in any of his other pictures. He was much more likely to paint a dark background or a landscape. The unusual technique suggests that the picture is probably a copy dating to the later sixteenth century.
It might seem strange that Arundel was presented with a copy as a gift for the King, but it was common for copies to be made after works by artists as famous and highly regarded as Dürer, and many were produced in the later sixteenth and seventeenth centuries. After Dürer’s death the desire for copies of his works increased, spurring on their production. The Nuremberg authorities probably didn‘t know it was a copy or if they did, it didn’t matter to them.
Saint Jerome
This small double-sided painting was most probably made for private worship. The front shows Saint Jerome kneeling in front of a crucifix wedged into the stump of a tree. He beats his chest with a rock in empathy with Christ’s Passion (his torture and death at the Crucifixion). The lion resting b...
The Virgin and Child ('The Madonna with the Iris')
Workshop of Albrecht Dürer
The Virgin Mary breastfeeds the infant Christ in a walled garden surrounded by flowers. God the Father, a small figure radiating light, appears in the sky above. The image of the Virgin and Christ Child in a garden was derived from the poetic imagery of the Song of Solomon, a book of the Old Test...
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Johnson Rules Out Senate Bid
By Robert Costa
About Robert Costa
Former New Mexico governor Gary Johnson, a potential 2012 presidential contender, tells National Review Online that he will not run for the U.S. Senate seat being vacated by Sen. Jeff Bingaman (D., N.M.).
“I’d be terrible at the job,” Johnson chuckles. “I’d be terrible at what has historically been a ‘belly up to the trough’ kind of deal. I like Rand Paul and all of what might be the new wave, but I don’t have any interest.”
But he will be paying attention. As the GOP Senate primary develops, Johnson would like to see a libertarian Republican rise. “There might be another Gary Johnson out there lurking,” he says. “I’m holding out hope.”
Robert Costa was formerly the Washington editor for National Review.
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Transparency Trumps Technology in the Global GMO Debate
TAGS: Business Resources Archive Beverages Labeling
<p>Consumers from the United States and the U.K. are increasingly demanding GMO labeling on their products, but this desire is just one aspect of the overall need for transparency from food companies.</p>
Alan Rownan | Nov 01, 2016
Genetically modified organisms (GMOs) have stolen the consumer spotlight in many ways. In the United States, where packaged food products with a GMO-free/non-GMO label saw value sales of US$4.4 billion in 2015, the success of these products benefitted greatly from the volatility of the perpetual debate that centered on one core question; when applicable, should manufacturers be compelled to label products as containing GMOs?
Eventually, an unconvincing compromise was reached in the form of a commitment to incorporate quick response (QR) codes onto product packaging that would guide consumers toward GMO disclaimers. The solution is far from perfect, but avoids the worst-case scenario of having to maneuver through a disjointed labeling system comprised of complex state laws—a nightmare for manufacturers that appreciate clear, standardized regulation and abhor ambiguity. Even if manufacturers decry the result, there is a sense of relief that at least now, the game has a rulebook.
Western European Consumers Remain Skeptical of GMOs
In Western Europe, where no consensus among member states is apparent, Germany led value sales of GMO-free labeled products in 2015, with $614 million. Most dairy farmers in Germany use soy in their dairy cattle feeding programs, and many smaller producers have sourced non-GMO soy from Brazil and India in a calculated effort to at least partly mitigate the angst of GMO-conscious consumers.
In the U.K., demand for GMO products reached $156 million in value sales in 2015, although there are indicators to suggest the issue is peaking. Popular brands are playing a central role in trumpeting anti-GMO rhetoric, appearing diametrically opposed to having these ingredients within their portfolios. Popular tea company Pukka Herbs for example, is one such company leading the way. Although some tea bags are composed of polylactic acid (a type of plastic) made from corn starch—85 percent of which is genetically modified, at least in the United States—it is an indirect issue for tea, as the fear is not about general consumption of products containing GMOs. The issue becomes more of a moral stance against the growing role of biotechnology in food production. Pukka has gone a step further than most by ensuring tea bag strings are derived from non-GMO cotton, showing the issue is not focused purely on consumption, but also on campaigning and acting as a vehicle from which consumers can voice their concern.
Notes From the Organic Market
Consumer demand for GMO-free food does not exist in a vacuum. Other trends closely mimic the concern expressed by consumers, such as those that seek organic, natural and locally sourced products. In 2015, the U.S. market saw $13.4 billion of value sales of organic packaged food, a not insignificant 3.7 percent of the overall packaged food market. In Germany, value sales topped $3.4 billion and garnered 3.9 percent of total packaged food sales. The trend was not quite as prominent in the U.K., however, with just $1.5 billion or 1.7 percent of overall packaged food sales.
Nevertheless, consumers in the U.K. appear to be just as likely to shun products that lack a sense of familiarity. In 2015, an impressive 16 percent of value sales of packaged food products in the U.K. had prominent local sourcing advertised, usually in the form of front of pack text claims, the incorporation of British flags or specific mentions of regions within the U.K. where the product was manufactured. In the United States, it was much less, with just 1 percent of value sales, and this was a similar story for Germany.
The commonalities among the markets highlight that many consumers are asking for the same characteristics. They want to understand the origin of their food, the processing involved, and whether it has that actively-sought feeling of familiarity.
GMO-free/non-GMO claims help achieve a level of familiarity, but do not automatically score a default homerun with consumers. Despite a huge majority of research corroborating manufacturers on the safety of GMOs, consumers still concern themselves with the long-term unknowns, and many will boycott products containing GMOs while trumpeting the strengths of organic. In the eyes of manufacturers, the goalposts have (or at least should have) shifted. Proving GMOs to be safe still does not make products any more appealing to consumers. Consumers want to be reassured that a company’s agenda is about more than the bottom line, and about answering their concerns, irrespective of whether the manufacturer feels like these have been scientifically, empirically or even adequately justified.
Transparency Remains Central to Success
This is the crux of the issue. Many groups have spoken out against the deal struck in the United States that gives manufacturers a choice between a digital QR code or product packaging claim. The argument against a QR code is it leaves a large segment of the less-tech savvy population in a position to be largely unaware of whether their food is GMO free. In response to this concern, leading players in the United States, including General Mills, Kellogg Co., Campbell Soup Co., ConAgra and Mars, committed to labeling GMOs in products regardless of whether the law required them to do so, taking the moral high ground and earning a quick win with consumers who felt their voices were heard.
In many ways, this is on the back of the realization that there is more to the story than a claim. Consumers want the story behind their food, and they want to know the minute details of the various steps that food took to reach their plates. While GMO-free/non-GMO claims will be perceived as a positive, it remains crucial that manufacturers adequately tell consumers through this value-added information what the product essentially is—rather than simply telling them what it is not.
Alan Rownan is ethical labels analyst at Euromonitor International (euromonitor.com). He monitors key industry trends and forecasts, and provides insights through articles and analysis into the ethical labelling industry. Rownan holds a master’s degree in ethics from Dublin City University and an undergraduate degree in journalism and editorial design from the University of Wolverhampton, England.
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In-depth news coverage of the Greater Boston Area.
Gov. Baker Discusses What Massachusetts Needs Before Reopening From Coronavirus
His administration announced that about 200,000 respirator masks are being distributed to first responders across the state
By Asher Klein, Alison King, Caroline Connolly and Marc Fortier • Published April 17, 2020 • Updated on April 18, 2020 at 1:15 pm
Massachusetts Gov. Charlie Baker said Friday he's looking for 14 days of steady declines in positive coronavirus tests before the state can open up again.
He also insisted that governors throughout the Northeast will need to coordinate on reopening and that the state's ambitious contact-tracing system will need to be working well, so that any flare-ups can be quickly tracked down and contained.
"We're urging everyone at home to do your part and hang in there," Baker said at the State House, referring to the strict social distancing rules put in place to prevent the coronavirus from spreading so quickly it overwhelms the health care system.
Baker's discussion of that framework comes a day after the White House announced its three-phase approach to reopening the country, with governors deciding what's best for their states. He said he wants the federal government to work on developing faster and more effective coronavirus tests to aid in the states' efforts.
During a press briefing, President Donald Trump on Thursday discussed his administration's plan to reopen the U.S. economy wracked by the coronavirus pandemic.
Baker hasn't yet decided if certain parts of the state will be able to reopen ahead of others, he said. And he hasn't yet made a decision on whether classrooms will remain closed through the end of the school year, as New Hampshire announced on Thursday, but that a decision is coming soon.
Shortly before the news conference, his administration announced that about 200,000 respirator masks are being distributed to first responders across the state at regional pick-up sites. The goal is to provide five respirators to every law enforcement officer and firefighter, which is enough to last a month, Baker said.
Also announced Friday were more resources for the homeless and victims of domestic violence, and an additional $100 per month per child for foster parents.
Gov. Charlie Baker gave an update on PPE distribution among those on the frontlines on the coronavirus crisis.
The decline in people testing positive for the coronavirus isn't here yet -- shortly after Baker finished speaking, the Department of Public Health announced that 2,221 more people tested positive and that 159 more have died, among the highest daily increases the state has announced so far.
Friday was also the fourth straight day that the daily increase in coronavirus deaths topped 100.
"We've talked for the last several days about the idea that we think we are in the surge," Baker said. "How long it lasts is hard to predict but I do think we are for all intents and purposes in the place where we thought we would be."
Reopening the country's economy has been one of President Donald Trump's top priorities, which is why he laid out the new federal guidelines Thursday that try to strike a balance between putting pressure on governors to loosen state restrictions while following the advice of health experts.
The three phases, each lasting two weeks, would slowly introduce social and workplace normalcy while still recommending social distancing for the vulnerable and discouraging large group gatherings.
President Donald Trump unveiled his three-phase plan to reopen the economy as the coronavirus pandemic wanes.
They provide a roadmap for moving the country forward, political consultant Scott Spradling told NBC10 Boston, but “more than just giving us some sets of pragmatic direction is, it’s giving a sense of hope.”
The president had previously claimed total authority over the country’s reopening, but walked that position back after objections from legal experts. States are not legally required to follow White House instructions, and the guidelines that were ultimately announced do not offer any specific dates, though Trump said some states should be able to begin reopening beginning Friday.
“Governors will be empowered to tailor an approach that meets the diverse circumstances of their own states,” Trump said.
That position is sort of “a nod to the fact that Gov. Baker is calling the shots for Massachusetts,” Spradling said.
But Baker indicated the majority of his focus remains on containment and testing right now. And on Thursday, the state tested more than 8,000 people, the most in a single day to date.
At his Thursday press conference, Baker had talked about how the state is continuing to ramp up its first-in-the-nation, $44 million COVID-19 Community Tracing Collaborative to help prevent the spread of the coronavirus.
He called it "the key to stopping the spread of coronavirus and saving more lives. It will also be key to helping our state build a strategy for how we can get back to something like a new normal."
Already, he said 176 employees have been hired to do contact tracing by phone, and hundreds more are being trained and on-boarded. The governor urged anyone who receives a call from the contact tracing collaborative to take the phone call and respond to the questions.
Massachusetts Gov. Charlie Baker gives his daily update on the state's coronavirus response on Thursday, April 16, 2020.
Download our mobile app for iOS or Android to get the latest breaking news and in-depth coverage of COVID-19.
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COVID-19MassachusettscoronavirusCharlie Baker
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